OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lord Charles Cavendish

Lord Charles Cavendish FRS (17 March 1704 – 28 April 1783) was a British nobleman, Whig politician, and scientist.
Cavendish was the youngest son of William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire, and Rachel Russell.
On 9 January 1727, Lord Charles Cavendish married Lady Anne de Grey (died 20 September 1733), daughter of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, and Jemima, his first wife. They had two children: Henry Cavendish (1731–1810), considered one of the most accomplished physicists and chemists of his era, and Frederick Cavendish (1733–1812).
Cavendish entered the House of Commons for Heytesbury in 1725 and would remain a member in various seats until 1741, when he turned the "family seat" of Derbyshire over to his nephew William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington.

## Scientific research

In 1757 the Royal Society (of which he was vice-president) awarded him the Copley Medal for his work in the development of thermometers which recorded the maximum and minimum temperatures they had reached.
Charles Cavendish was also one of the early experimenters with the electrical storage device, the Leyden jar, which came to England in 1746. His interest in electrical research was passed on to his son Henry who was also a prominent member of the Royal Society. Henry Cavendish was even better known than his father for electrical experiments, and also for other discoveries in physics, including the famous torsion-balance measurement of the mass of the earth.
One of Charles Cavendish's experiments with electricity appears to have been an attempt to replicate the plasma glow seen during the early Francis Hauksbee experiment with a semi-vacuum in the friction-generator's glass globe. A recent thesis on plasma arcs mentions Priestley's account of a replication of this by the experimenter Benjamin Wilson (1721–1788):
   In 1759, when Wilson repeated experiments "first contrived by Lord Charles Cavendish," he observed a "singular appearance of light upon one of the surfaces of the quicksilver," (from The History and Present State of Electricity, J Priestly (1775) vol. I, p. 355). The quicksilver (mercury) was part of the evacuation scheme, and it is not clear, but possible, that Wilson was referring to a cathode spot on mercury.
# Joe Krol

Joseph "King" Krol (February 20, 1919 – December 16, 2008) was a Canadian football quarterback, running back, defensive back, and placekicker/punter from 1942 to 1953 and 1955. Considered as possibly the most versatile player in Canadian football history as a triple-threat to pass, run, and kick, he was one of Canada's greatest athletes and also famously known as a "Gold Dust Twin" for his teamwork with Royal Copeland. Joe Krol was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 1996. After suffering from a fall in his apartment, Krol died in a Toronto hospital on December 16, 2008.

## Early life

Krol was born on February 20, 1919, in Hamilton, Ontario. He was commonly nicknamed "King". He said in 1999, "My parents are Polish and the name was actually Krul. I guess in Polish, Krol means king. It also means rabbit, but I think I prefer king."
Krol began playing Canadian football in high school at Kennedy Collegiate Institute in Windsor, Ontario in 1932, with which he won several secondary school championships. He went to the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario and played Intercollegiate Football for the Western Ontario Mustangs from 1938 to 1942 including the Intercollegiate championship in 1939.

## Professional career

Krol joined the Hamilton Flying Wildcats, an Ontario Rugby Football Union precursor to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, following university in 1942. In the 1943 season, he led the Flying Wildcats to a surprise victory to win his first of six Grey Cups. His performance, with a 30-yard pass for a touchdown, a field goal, and a rouge, made him the star of the game. The Wildcats returned to the Grey Cup final in the 1944 season but lost. In that game, Krol fumbled the ball to the St. Hyacinthe-Donnacona Navy team after a hard hit on a run in the second quarter. Krol went on to play two games with the Detroit Lions in 1945 before joining the Toronto Argonauts for the remainder of the 1945 Canadian football season. The Canadian Press voted him Canada's male athlete of the year in 1946 and 1947.
Krol won six Grey Cups, five with the Toronto Argonauts. His No. 55 jersey is one of only four that has been retired by the Boatmen. He was awarded the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada's top athlete in 1946. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1963 and Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1975.
Krol and Royal Copeland (Argonauts and Calgary Stampeders 1944–1956) became known as the Gold Dust Twins. Although official statistics were not kept for the Eastern teams until 1954, according to the 2001 Unofficial Canadian Football Encyclopedia, Krol completed ten passes for 147 yards and threw four touchdowns during the 1946 season.
In November 2006, Krol was voted one of the CFL's top 50 players (No. 46) in a poll conducted by Canadian sports network TSN.
Joe Krol was also one of the owners of the Mercury Night club with Harry Eckler of the Softball Canada Hall of Fame and Sam Luftspring of the Boxing Hall of Fame.
# Symphony No. 12 (Mozart)

Symphony No. 12 in G major, K. 110/75b, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was composed in Salzburg in the summer of 1771. The symphony was apparently prepared in anticipation of Mozart's second Italian journey, which was to take place between August and December 1771. The symphony is in four movements, the opening allegro being the longest movement that Mozart had written to that date. It is the first of a group of works "painted on a larger canvas and achieving a greater individuality than his earlier exuberant pieces".

## Movements and instrumentation

The instrumentation is: strings, 2 oboes, 2 horns in G, 2 flutes, 2 bassoons, continuo.
* Allegro, $^3$ $_4$
* Andante, $^2$ $_2$
* Menuetto and Trio, $^3$ $_4$
* Allegro, $^2$ $_4$
The minuet features a canon between high and low strings at the interval of a single bar. Mozart likely learned this technique from Joseph Haydn's 23rd Symphony from 1764 (also in G major).

## Performance details

There are no confirmed details as to first performance. It is possible that this symphony was first played at a concert in Milan, on 22 or 23 November 1771. This concert may also have seen the premiere of Mozart's 13th symphony.
# Robert Caha

Robert Caha (born 11 March 1976) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Club career

Caha started his career at Czech club Baník Ostrava. In 2001, he moved to Chinese Super League team Shenyang Ginde. After one season at Shenyang Ginde, Caha moved back to Baník Ostrava and in 2003 signed for SK Sigma Olomouc.
After impressing at Sigma Olomouc, he was transferred to Bulgarian champions CSKA Sofia.
After a somewhat disappointing stay at CSKA, Caha left the club in the summer of 2005. Soon afterwards, he caught the eye of Iranian giants Persepolis and signed an 18-month contract with the club.
In February 2011, he moved to Odra Wodzisław.
# Lintgen

Lintgen (Luxembourgish: Lëntgen) is a commune and small town in central Luxembourg, in the canton of Mersch. It is situated on the river Alzette.
As of 2024, the town of Lintgen, which lies in the west of the commune, has a population of 2,652. Another town within the commune is Gosseldange.
# Sun Yawei

Sun Yawei (Chinese: 孙雅薇; born 17 October 1987, Changzhou) is a female Chinese track and field athlete who competes in the 100 meter hurdles. She is a two-time gold medallist in the event at the Asian Athletics Championships and won the bronze at the Asian Games in 2010. In China, she is referred to as the "female Liu Xiang", in respect of her more successful hurdling compatriot. Her personal best time is 12.94 seconds, set in July 2011.
Born in Nanjing in Jiangsu Province, she took part in athletics at high school level and began competing at national level in 2007. After winning the 2007 Chinese junior title in the 100 m hurdles, she came third at the World Trials event, improved to second at the Chinese Athletics Championships, then topped the podium at the end of the year at the Chinese City Games. The following year she was third at the Olympic Trials and was again runner-up in the hurdles at the Chinese Championships. She closed 2008 with a personal best run of 13.39 seconds in Zhaoqing.
Sun made improvements in the 2009 season, which began with her winning her first national title with a best of 13.15 seconds. She ran faster (13.12) in the heats at the 11th Chinese National Games, but was not as quick in the final – the more experienced Liu Jing edged Sun into second place. In spite of her defeat in the national competition, she went unbeaten at regional level, winning gold medals at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships and the East Asian Games.
She ran in Europe for the first time in 2010, setting a 60 metres hurdles best time of 8.24 seconds at the BW-Bank Meeting in Germany. After two wins on the Chinese Athletics Grand Prix circuit, she won China's university title for Nanjing Agricultural University, where she was studying veterinary science. She repeated as the national champion and represented her country in the Décanation event in France, coming fourth. She was among the favorites for the hurdles at the 2010 Asian Games, but it was Korean Lee Yeon-Kyung who went away with the gold, while Sun had to settle for the bronze medal. She began her 2011 outdoor season in good form, winning an Asian Grand Prix meet in 13.18 seconds, and rose to the occasion at the 2011 Asian Athletics Championships in July, where she retained her title in a personal best of 13.04 seconds. Later that month she ran under thirteen seconds for the first time, taking advantage of a 1.7 m/s wind to clock a time of 12.94 seconds in Nanching.
# Robusta Lionata

The Robusta Lionata is a modern Italian breed of dual-purpose chicken originating in the city of Rovigo in the Veneto region of north-eastern Italy. It was created between 1959 and 1965, by cross-breeding Buff Orpingtons with the commercial strain known in Italy as "White America".

## History

The Robusta Lionata was created between 1959 and 1965 at the Stazione Sperimentale di Pollicoltura, or experimental chicken breeding centre, of Rovigo, in the Veneto. It was conceived as a dual-purpose breed, and derived from crossing the Buff Orpington with a commercial strain widely raised in Veneto in the twentieth century, known in Italy as "White America". The White America is believed to have been based on mutant white Barnevelders, with contributions from White Leghorn, Rhode Island White and White Rock stock; in early 2012 it was no longer considered a breed.
A standard for the Robusta Lionata was published by the now defunct Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Specie Avicole, or national association of breeders of avian species, in the latter part of the twentieth century, and is published for historic interest on the website of the Federazione Italiana Associazioni Avicole, the federation of Italian poultry associations, the authority governing poultry breeding in Italy. In early 2012, the breed was not officially recognised by the FIAV.
Together with the Pépoi, the Ermellinata di Rovigo, the Robusta Maculata and the Padovana, the Robusta Lionata is one of the five chicken breeds included in the CO.VA. project of Veneto Agricultura, the regional administration for agriculture of the Veneto. The project includes among its aims the conservation of local avian species of limited distribution, and the conservation of genetic resources and biodiversity, and has published a detailed description of the breed.
Breed numbers remain low. A study published in 2007 used a figure of approximately 700 for the total breeding stock, of which approximately 200 were cocks.

## Characteristics

The Robusta Lionata broadly resembles a Buff Orpington, with the difference that it has yellow skin and legs, which are traditionally preferred by Italian consumers of chicken meat.
According to the old ANSAV standard, the Robusta Lionata is a warm buff colour. The tail and wing-tips are black with dark green lights. The skin and legs are yellow, the ear-lobes are red. The comb is single and medium-large, with five or six points. Average weight is 3.8–4.2 kg for cocks, 2.8–3.0 kg for hens. The more recent description by Veneto Agricultura gives greater weights: 4.0–4.5 kg for cocks and 2.8–3.3 kg for hens.

## Use

The Robusta Lionata is a dual-purpose breed. Hens lay 160–170 eggs per year; the eggs are salmon-coloured and weigh 55 g or more. In meat production, birds reach a slaughter weight of some 1.9–2.0 kg in four months.
Cross-breeding Robusta Lionata cocks with Barred Plymouth Rock hens produces an auto-sexing first-generation hybrid.$^{:191}$
# Black Beauty (disambiguation)

Black Beauty is an 1877 novel by Anna Sewell.

## Animals

* Black Beauty (horse) (born 1996), one-time world record holder for smallest living horse
* "Black Beauty", the nickname of RTMP 81.6.1, a well-preserved fossil of the theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex

## Art, entertainment, and media
### Adaptations of Sewell's novel

* Black Beauty (1921 film), an American film directed by Edward H. Griffith
* Black Beauty (1933 film), an American film
* Black Beauty (1946 film), an American film starring Richard Denning
* Black Beauty (1971 film), starring Mark Lester as Joe Evans and directed by James Hill
* Black Beauty (1978 film), a five-part live-action NBC miniseries
* Black Beauty (1978 film), an animated film produced by Hanna-Barbera for broadcast on CBS
* Black Beauty (1987 film), an Australian animated cartoon
* Black Beauty (1994 film), narrated by Alan Cumming
* Black Beauty (1995 film), an animated film produced by Jetlag Productions for direct-to-video release by GoodTimes Entertainment
* Black Beauty (2020 film), an American film
* The Adventures of Black Beauty, a 1972–74 British television series that utilizes characters from the novel
* The New Adventures of Black Beauty, 1990–91, a sequel series to The Adventures of Black Beauty

### Fictional vehicles

* Black Beauty, the Green Hornet's car

### Music

* "Black Beauty" (1928 song), a jazz piano tune by Duke Ellington
* Black Beauty: Live at the Fillmore West, a live album recorded by Miles Davis in 1970
* Black Beauty (album), a 1973 album by Love
* "Black Beauty", song by Lana Del Rey from the deluxe edition of the album Ultraviolence

## Musical instruments

* "Black Beauty", a nickname for the Gibson Les Paul Custom guitar made by the Gibson Guitar Corporation
* Black Beauty, a line of snare drums made by Ludwig-Musser

## Plants

* Black beauty, a type of Black rose
* Black Beauty eggplant, a purple-skinned variety of eggplant
* Black Beauty, a muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) cultivar

## Other uses

* Black Beauty, a Tyrannosaurus specimen at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology
* "Black Beauty", nickname of meteorite Northwest Africa 7034
* "Black Beauty", nickname of the car of A1 Team New Zealand
* "Black Beauties", street name for an amphetamine drug, bearing chemical structure akin to Adderall
# Felix (cat food)

Felix is a British brand of cat food currently owned by Nestlé Purina PetCare, a part of Swiss company Nestlé. It produces wet and dry food in both pouches and tins as well as dry cat biscuits and treats. The brand's mascot (since 1989) is a black and white cat named Felix.

## History

Felix Catfood Ltd began as a manufacturer of dry cat biscuits, which started operations before the Second World War. It had a single factory in the English town of Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. The Quaker Oats Company acquired the firm in 1970 as part of its expansion into the UK pet food market. Production was subsequently moved to the Quaker's factory in Southall, west London, and a new product range (including tinned wet food) was introduced.
During the 1980s, the Felix brand was facing a potential de-listing by large retailers due to poor sales and competition with their own-label cat foods. Felix only held a 6 per cent share of the UK cat food market, whereas the brand leader, Whiskas, had over 50 per cent. To combat this, the brand was re-launched in 1989 with a new product range and its iconic black-and-white "Felix" mascot. After a large newspaper, and later TV, advertising campaign it dramatically increased its market share across the UK and Europe. By 1996, Felix had overtaken Whiskas as the brand leader in the UK, reducing the latter's market share to 24 per cent, though Whiskas subsequently regained its former title.
Quakers sold Felix to Spillers (owned by Dalgety plc) alongside its whole European pet food division in 1995, and it was subsequently sold to Nestlé in 1997.
In 2023, Robbie Williams became the new voice of the brand Felix cat food with his track 'It's Great to be a Cat' for a new advertising campaign.

## Distribution

It is owned by Nestlé Purina PetCare Company and sold in Australia, Russia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Slovenia, Ukraine, the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Chile, as well as France, Italy, Greece, Sweden and Denmark under the name Pussi and Finland under the name Latz. The brand also sells milk.
Since 2018, Felix only produces its wet food, for UK market, in plastic sachets due to a decline in demand for tins.
# Tampax

Tampax (a portmanteau of tampon and packs) is a brand of tampons currently owned by Procter & Gamble. It was based in White Plains, New York, US until its sale to Procter & Gamble in 1997. It is a subsidiary of P&G's Always brand and is sold in over 100 countries.
The product was designed by Earle Haas, who filed a patent in the 1930s. The original product was designed from the start as flushable and biodegradable.

## History

In 1937, Tampax worked with McCann Erickson for its marketing campaigns. In 1949, the brand appeared in more than 50 stores. From 1930s to 1940s Tampax chose sportswomen as their brand ambassadors.
During World War II, Tampax produced wound dressings for the military.
Tampax conducted medical studies in 1945 to prove the safety of tampons.
In 1984, the company was renamed Tambrands Inc.
Marketing for the product includes the company's BeingGirl website.
Tampax was an independent company based in Palmer, Massachusetts and headquartered in New York City for over 50 years. Renamed Tambrands, Inc. in 1984, the company was purchased by Procter & Gamble in 1997. Tampax is available in over 100 countries; there is no distribution in Germany and Austria.
# Rueda de Jalón

Rueda de Jalón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 360 inhabitants.
# Democratic People's Party (Germany)

The Democratic People's Party (Demokratische Volkspartei, DVP) was the name of two liberal parties in Germany. It is not to be confused with the Deutsche Volkspartei of 1918, which used the same abbreviation DVP.
Between 1863 and 1866, a Demokratische Volkspartei or Württembergische Volkspartei was active in the Kingdom of Württemberg. It was a more left-liberal party that had descended from the German Progress Party of 1861. It became the Deutsche Volkspartei (German People's Party) for the regions of southern Germany in 1868. In 1910, the party merged with two similar parties to form the Progressive People's Party, Fortschrittliche Volkspartei, which in 1918 became the German Democratic Party; the party dissolved in 1933.
After the Second World War, liberals in the State of Württemberg-Baden refounded a party with the name Demokratische Volkspartei. In 1948 it joined with other state parties in the Free Democratic Party. For historical reasons, the state party in Baden-Württemberg still uses the old name together with the national name (FDP/DVP).
# Brain Injury (journal)

Brain Injury is a monthly, peer-reviewed, medical journal published by Taylor & Francis. Furthermore, it is the official journal of the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA). As of April 2024, the editor-in-chief is Nathan Zasler (University of Virginia).

## History

This journal was published quarterly, beginning in July, 1987 to 1995. From 1996 to at least 2003 it was published monthly. The current frequency of publication is 14 times per year.
This journal covers all topics of research and clinical practice, pertaining to brain damage in adult and pediatric populations. More specifically, the range of coverage includes fundamental research, clinical studies, brain injury translational medicine, as well as emergency room practices, acute medical delivery, rehabilitation through various phases, family issues, vocational concerns, and long-term support. Disorders that are psychological, functional, communicative, or neurological are covered from the perspective of assessment and intervention.

## Abstracting and indexing

This journal is indexed in the databases, including:
* BIOSIS previews
* CSA Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts
* CINAHL
* Current Contents / Clinical Medicine
* EBSCO
* Excerpta Medica / EMBASE
* Index Medicus / MEDLINE
* Neuroscience Citation Index
* PsycINFO
* Research Alert
* Science Citation Index
* Scopus
* Sociological Abstracts
According to Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, it is indexed in Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed, Biological Abstracts, PsycINFO, and other indexing and abstracting services. According to the 2010 Journal Citation Reports the 2014 impact factor is 1.808, and the ranking for this journal is 181 of 230 in the Neurosciences.
# Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology is a peer-reviewed open-access medical journal published on behalf of the Indian Academy of Neurology. The journal publishes articles on the subjects of neurology, neuropsychiatry, and neuroimaging. It is indexed with Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases, CAB Abstracts, Caspur, CINAHL, DOAJ, EBSCO, Excerpta Medica/EMBASE, Expanded Academic ASAP, JournalSeek, Global Health, Google Scholar, Health & Wellness Research Center, Health Reference Center Academic, Hinari, Index Copernicus, Indian Science Abstracts, IndMed, Journal Citation Reports, MANTIS, OpenJGate, PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scimago Journal Ranking, SCOLOAR, Scopus, SIIC databases, Tropical Diseases Bulletin, and Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.
# Journal of Cytology

Journal of Cytology is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published on behalf of the Indian Academy of Cytologists. The journal publishes articles on the subject of clinical and diagnostic cytology and applied cell research. It is indexed by Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases, CAB Abstracts, Caspur, CINAHL, DOAJ, EBSCO, Expanded Academic ASAP, JournalSeek, Global Health, Google Scholar, Health & Wellness Research Center, Health Reference Center Academic, Hinari, Index Copernicus, Journal Citation Reports, OpenJGate, Science Citation Index Expanded, SCOLOAR, Scopus, SIIC databases, and Ulrich's Periodicals Directory.