# The Devil (1972 film)

Diabeł (English: The Devil) is a 1972 Polish historical horror written and directed by Andrzej Żuławski. Released in 1972, it was banned by the Communist government in Poland until 1987.

## Plot

The movie opens immediately after the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, with the entry of Prussian troops into Greater Poland. A Stranger clad in black (Wojciech Pszoniak) enters a prison where Jakub (Leszek Teleszyński) is being held on charges that he tried to assassinate the king as part of a conspiracy. The Stranger frees Jakub in the midst of a riot, tells him to return home, and sends a white-clad nun (Monika Niemczyk) to accompany Jakub. The Nun appears to be a representation of goodness/God and the Stranger a representation of evil/the Devil. Through most of the movie, the Nun remains in a state of stunned horror at the things she and Jakub witness.
Along the way, Jakub (who is constantly followed by the Stranger) encounters a hedonistic group of actors, all of whom wish to seduce him. He finds that his best friend and co-conspirator told Jakub's pregnant fiancée that Jakub was killed and has married her instead (it also appears that Jakub's friend is now working for the King). Jakub returns home to find that his father committed suicide and his sister has gone mad. The household is being run by his half-brother, who mocks Jakub's cause and intends to marry Jakub's sister (whom he mercilessly beats). Jakub also learns that his mother (who abandoned Jakub and his sister as children) actually has lived close by their entire lives, running a bordello. He confronts his mother at the bordello (the mother does not appear to recognize Jakub) where they almost sleep together (intra-family sexual taboos are a theme throughout the film: the sister is betrothed to her half-brother and was seemingly raped by their father after the father went insane; and Jakub appears to have romantic feelings for his mom and sister). Jakub takes out his rage on a prostitute in the bordello, slitting her throat with a straight razor given to him by the Stranger.
Repulsed by his actions, Jakub seeks comfort from the Nun, but she pushes him away. Jakub appears to go mad. He returns to his friend's castle to try and reunite with his fiancée, only to be beaten (and then, kissed) by his former best friend. He is found by the acting troupe and is seduced by one of the actresses. In mid-coitus, he is attacked by another actor out of jealousy. Jakub kills the actor and actress and is pursued by the remaining troupe. The leader of the troupe (a man) tries to sleep with Jakub in exchange for not turning him in to the authorities, eventually trying to rape Jakub. The Stranger shows up and saves Jakub by killing the leader of the troupe. The Nun and Jakub journey to a place Jakub played as a child to find his ex-fiancée there. She expresses a wish to run away with Jakub, but then passes away due to complications with her pregnancy (and passes away despite Jakub pleading with the Nun to save her). The Stranger then has Jakub return to his mother's bordello.
The mother embraces Jakub (now knowing who he is) and takes him to the basement where the denizens are engaged in all manner of hedonistic actions. She says he can stay with her as a prostitute, where people will be thrilled by any murders he commits. She also claims that the Stranger is a low-level government clerk. Having seemingly taken the Stranger's earlier claims that Jakub is meant to cleanse the world as true, he kills his mother and disperses the crowd. He then returns home where he kills his step-brother, mercy kills his sister (who had been horribly beaten by their blood-thirsty half-brother), and burns down his family house.
Enraged, Jakub returns to his best friend's home and kills his friend in a duel. The Nun helps a delirious Jakub flee into the woods where they are encountered once more by the Stranger. The Stranger demands Jakub sign a document identifying all his former friends and family as conspirators against the king and crediting the Stranger with bringing the conspiracy down (this seems to confirm the Mother's claims that the Stranger is indeed a man working for the government). The Stranger says he had to expose Jakub to the truth about his family and friends or else he never would have given them up. Jakub agrees to sign only if the Stranger can tell him if the world has beauty in it or if it is all corrupt. The Stranger says the world is beautiful (and portrays his feelings about the world through dance). After Jakub signs the document, the Stranger fatally shoots him in the head and takes the Nun.
The pair journey to some Prussian soldiers where the Stranger hands them the documents signed by Jakub. The soldiers criticize the Stranger as immoral, pay him for his work, and mock his efforts to corrupt Jakub's soul. Enraged but unable to defeat the soldiers, the Stranger attacks and starts raping the Nun. She uses the opportunity to steal the Stranger's straight-razor and castrates him. The Stranger turns into a wolf (suggesting he really was the Devil after all) and dies from his wounds. The film ends with the Nun standing victorious over the canine-corpse of the Stranger.

## Cast

* Wojciech Pszoniak as The Stranger/Devil
* Leszek Teleszyński as Jakub
* Małgorzata Braunek as Jacub's fiancée
* Iga Mayr as mother of Jakub
* Wiktor Sadecki as Herz, director of circus
* Michal Grudzinski as Ezechiel, brother of Jakub
* Maciej Englert as Count
* Monika Niemczyk as The Nun

## Release
### Home media

The film was released on DVD by Polart on October 23, 2007.

## Reception

Sean Leonard from HorrorNews.net gave the film a mostly positive review, commending the film's cinematography, and acting, while also noting that the film didn't make a ton of sense. Jeremiah Kipp from Slant Magazine offered the film similar praise, writing, "Society for Zulawski is just a thin veneer used to disguise the horrible sadism and unhappiness lurking inside every human heart. The Devil would make for maudlin, depressing viewing if every scene didn’t feel like explosions were being set off, sending the inmates of a madhouse free into the streets outside."