OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bohemian Paradise

Bohemian Paradise (Czech: Český ráj) is a Protected Landscape Area and a region in Bohemia in the Czech Republic. It was declared in 1955, as the first nature reserve in the country. At first, it was 95 square kilometres in area; today it is almost 182 km$^2$. This area is in the north of Bohemia and north-eastward from the capital city Prague. Borders of the region are not clearly defined, but there are some towns which could demarcate rough borders, like Turnov, Jičín, and Mnichovo Hradiště.

## Natural environment

One of the most recognizable elements of Bohemian Paradise is the sandstone rock which many of the surrounding towns are constructed of. There are many rocks which have been shaped by wind, water, frost, erosion, and humans into unique shapes. These include, for instance, the Hrubé, Suché, and Klokočské Rocks.
The Prachov Rocks area of rock formations is particularly noteworthy. Since 1933, the area with 60 million year old formations has been a protected natural reserve. Some scenes for major television and film productions were filmed here.
The Hrubá Skála rock town area (Hruboskalské skalní město), with volcanic sandstone pillars, is also significant. A chateau, also called Hrubá Skála, is located high up on a rock platform. The original mansion was built in the 14th century but was extensively damaged over the years and re-built several times, finally in the style of a Renaissance chateau. The property is now operated as a hotel and spa.
Kozákov is the highest hill in the area. There are a tourist chalet and a lookout tower. Kozákov was originally a volcano. Thus, it is a place where precious stones are found. The treatment of these gems has been connected with the history of the city of Turnov called “The heart of the Bohemian Paradise” for several centuries.
Trosky Castle, consisting of two 14th-century ruins, is located high on the summits of two basalt volcanic plugs, 15 km from Turnov; the caves nearby can also be visited.
Other places of interest in Bohemian Paradise are the Bozkov dolomite caves, which contain the largest underground lake in the Czech Republic. The Podtrosecké Valley is situated below the ruins of Trosky Castle, one of the symbols of Bohemian Paradise. The valley is known for its countryside and several ponds, e.g., Věžák, Nebák, Vidlák. Plakánek valley begins near the Kost Castle and ends in the settlement Rašovec. There is a cycle route in this area. There are also a variety of ruins in the region, including Frýdštějn Castle and Valdštejn Castle.

## Cultural sights

Two well-known castles in the area are Trosky and Kost. Other castles in the area include Sychrov, Hrubý Rohozec, Hrubá Skála, and Humprecht. There are also many castle ruins, such as Frýdštejn and Valdštejn, and some buildings built in folk architecture style, for instance, Dlaskův and Boučkův Estates.

## Gallery

* Trosky Castle, symbol of Bohemian Paradise
* Hrubá Skála rock town
* Hrubá Skála chateau (now a hotel)
* Dwelling in rock
* Valečov Castle
* Bohemian Paradise Square in Turnov
* Aerial View of Trosky Castle
# Tekle Haymanot (disambiguation)

Tekle Haymanot or Takla Haymanot is the name of several famous Ethiopians:
* Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia, Emperor of Ethiopia
* Tekle Haymanot II of Ethiopia, Emperor of Ethiopia
* Tekle Haymanot of Gondar, pretender to the throne
* Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, appointed King (Negus) of Gojjam and Kaffa by Emperor Yohannes IV
All the above are named after a medieval Ethiopian Saint:
# Jonstrup

Jonstrup is a suburban neighbourhood situated in Furesø Municipality on the west side of Hareskoven forest in the northwestern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark. The original village has merged with the neighbouring villages of Måløv in Ballerup Municipality and Smørumnedre in Egedal Municipality to form an urban agglomeration with a population of 21,627 (2024). The neighbourhood is separated from Måløv by Mølledalen, Møllemosen, and Værebro Å.

## History

A textile mill was established on the site in the middle of the 1770s. In 1777, it was acquired by Abraham Schneider. In the follow year, it was destroyed by fire. A large new factory complex was inaugurated in 1781. In 1809, it was converted into a teachers' academy, Jonstrup Seminarium, which moved to new premises in Kongens Lyngby in 1955. Conveniently located close to the Værløse Air Base, the buildings in Jonstrup were then acquired by the Danish military and converted into the new Royal Danish Air Force Officers School. It moved to the nearby Jonstrup Camp (Jonstruplejren) in 1995. In 1998, Værløse Municipality acquired the building and converted it into a primary school.

## Notable people

* Jens Ernst Wegener (1781-1846) an educator and pedagogical writer, principal of Jonstrup Seminarium, 1819 to 1838
* Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen (1856 in Jonstrup – 1921) a Danish teacher and ornithologist, the first to employ bird ringing for scientific purposes
# Little Cypress-Mauriceville Consolidated Independent School District

Little Cypress-Mauriceville Consolidated Independent School District is a public school district located in northeastern Orange County, Texas (USA).
The district serves the communities of Forest Heights, Little Cypress, and Mauriceville as well as sections of Orange.
In 2009, the school district was rated "academically unacceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
In 2017, Little Cypress-Mauriceville High was affected by flooding when Hurricane Harvey hit Orange, Texas.
# Rasbora rubrodorsalis

Rasbora rubrodorsalis is a species of cyprinid fish native to southeast Asia where it occurs in the basins of the Mekong, Chao Phraya and Mae Klong rivers. It prefers areas of slow-flowing streams and ponds and ditches. This species can reach a length of 3.3 centimetres (1.3 in) SL.
# Falooda

A falooda is a Mughlai cold dessert made with vermicelli. It has origins in the Persian dish faloodeh, variants of which are found across West, Central, South and Southeast Asia. Traditionally it is made by mixing rose syrup, vermicelli, and sweet basil seeds with milk, often served with ice cream. The vermicelli used for preparing falooda is made from wheat, arrowroot, cornstarch, or sago.

## History

The origin of falooda goes back to Iran (Persia), where a similar dessert, faloodeh, is still popular. The dessert came to late Medieval India with the many Central Asian dynasties that invaded and settled in South Asia in the 16th to 18th century. The present form of falooda was developed in the Mughal Empire and spread with its conquests. The Persianate rulers who succeeded from the Mughals patronized the dessert with their own adaptations, specifically in Hyderabad Deccan and the Carnatic areas of present-day India. This beverage is now a part of Pakistani cuisine, Afghan cuisine, Burmese cuisine, Indian cuisine, Bangladeshi cuisine and Sri Lankan cuisine and is served on weddings and other occasions. In Sri Lanka, Falooda (ෆලුඩා / ஃபலூடா) is often consumed as a popular dairy refreshment.

## Metaphorical references

In idiomatic Hindustani, faluda is sometimes used as a reference to something that has been shredded, which is an allusion to the vermicelli noodles. For example, someone who falls into disrepute might say that his or her izzat has been turned to faluda (Hindi: इज़्ज़त का फ़ालूदा, Urdu: عزت کا فالودہ, romanized: izzat ka faluda), which is roughly equivalent to saying "my reputation is shot".

## Variants

* Some Pakistani versions consist of translucent wheat-starch noodles, and flavoured syrup.
* In Myanmar, phaluda (ဖာလူဒါ) is made with basil seeds, grass jelly, egg pudding, vanilla ice cream, sweetened milk and rose syrup. More elaborate versions also incorporate sago, rice noodles, fruit jelly, and chopped fruit.
* In southern Bangladesh, falooda is made with pandan extract, pistachios, sago pearls, creamed coconut, mango, milk and vermicelli, and may even include strong black tea.
* Malaysia and Singapore have a similar drink called bandung.
* Thailand has a similar drink, nam maenglak (น้ำแมงลัก), which is made with lemon basil seeds, shredded jelly, tapioca pearls, and Job's tears mixed with sugar, water, and rose water.
* The Iraqi Kurds make a version with thicker vermicelli.
* The Mauritian version is called alouda.
* A variant of known as a "Bombay crush" is popular amongst South African Indians.
* In Guyana, a solid gelatin-like version is made with condensed milk.
# Adjournment in contemplation of dismissal

In criminal procedure, an adjournment in contemplation of dismissal (ACD or ACOD) allows a court to defer the disposition of a defendant's case, with the potential that the defendant's charge will be dismissed if the defendant does not engage in additional criminal conduct or other acts prohibited by the court as a condition of the ACD. The defendant subject to the adjournment in contemplation of dismissal is restored to the status he or she occupied prior to arrest, either during or after the period of adjournment that accompanies the ACD: that is, all records of the arrest and after the period for which the ACD applies; however, in many jurisdictions a local law enforcement record of the arrest is retained by default, unless that record is explicitly expunged.
The judge adjourning in contemplation of dismissal may impose specific conditions on the defendant subject to the ACD, which may include community service, drug rehabilitation, making restitution with a victim of the circumstances, avoiding contact with the victim, or completing some other diversion program. It may also be accompanied by an admonition to abstain from wanton, injurious, criminal, abusive or disruptive behavior. On the acceptance of the ACD and its without disposition and the defendant is released without bail condition.

## Application and surrounding process

The burden of proof in the court systems which employ the system of ACD rests with the people (that is, the prosecution). If evidence demonstrating guilt is not presented, the matter is deemed dismissed, and the ACD proceeds along its standard course of action.

## United States

In United States criminal law, adjournment in contemplation of dismissal may be offered to a defendant in the interest of justice with a view toward ultimate dismissal of the charge. When available, and granted to a defendant, the judge normally adjourns the case for a period time, often in the range of six months to a year, after which time the case will be dismissed as long as the defendant has stayed out of trouble (i.e., has not been arrested again). In most jurisdictions an ACOD is not classified as a form of probation, and if successfully completed the defendant does not receive a conviction.
Adjournment in contemplation of dismissal may be called by different names in other states. In Maryland, it is termed probation before judgment. In Alabama a similar procedure is called pre-trial diversion or deferred prosecution. In New Jersey, it is called "pre-trial intervention", and if it is a drug related charge it is then called a "conditional discharge".

### New York

In New York State, a case subject to an ACD is normally dismissed and sealed on the date of adjournment, except on objection from the prosecution.
There is a separate provision for ACDs involving marijuana in the state of New York, under CPL 170.56.
# Campylobacteria

The Campylobacteria are a class of Gram-negative bacteria. It used to be known as Epsilonproteobacteria. Only a few genera have been characterized, including the curved to spirilloid Wolinella, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter.
Most of the known species inhabit the digestive tracts of animals and serve as symbionts (Wolinella spp. in cattle) or pathogens (Helicobacter spp. in the stomach, Campylobacter spp. in the duodenum). However, numerous environmental sequences and isolates of Campylobacteria have been recovered from hydrothermal vents and cold seep habitats. Examples of isolates include Sulfurimonas autotrophica, Sulfurimonas paralvinellae, Sulfurovum lithotrophicum and Nautilia profundicola. A member of the phylum Campylobacterota occurs as an endosymbiont in the large gills of the deepwater sea snail Alviniconcha hessleri.
Many Campylobacteria are motile with flagella. The Campylobacteria found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents characteristically exhibit chemolithotrophy, meeting their energy needs by oxidizing reduced sulfur, formate, or hydrogen coupled to the reduction of nitrate or oxygen. Autotrophic Campylobacteria use the reverse Krebs cycle to fix carbon dioxide into biomass, a pathway originally thought to be of little environmental significance. The oxygen sensitivity of this pathway is consistent with their microaerophilic or anaerobic niche in these environments, and their likely evolution in the Mesoproterozoic oceans, which are thought to have been sulfidic with low levels of oxygen available from cyanobacterial photosynthesis.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220 |
| "Campylobacteria" Nautiliales Miroshnichenko et al. 2004 Campylobacterales Garrity, Bell & Lilburn 2006 | "Campylobacteria" Nautiliales Campylobacterales |
# 2007 Tesco blackmail campaign

The 2007 Tesco blackmail campaign was an extortion attempt against the British supermarket chain Tesco.

## May threats

In May 2007 a series of letters threatening to contaminate food in Tesco stores were sent to the company's offices in Dundee. The blackmailer asked for £100,000. This did not succeed so the blackmailer demanded executives transfer £200,000 into his bank account or he would put caustic soda in yoghurt sold in the store.
The letters were signed "Arbuthnot, the sign is the spider" and had dead spiders taped to them. Some of them had text composed of letters cut out of a magazine and demanded that Tesco respond via an advertisement in the personal column in The Times. Tesco did not respond.

## July threats

In July, hoax bomb warnings were sent to 76 Tesco supermarkets. They warned that bombs would go off on Saturday, 14 July or "Black Saturday".
14 Tesco branches closed, including those in Clitheroe, Grimsby, Pontefract, Market Harborough, Ashby de la Zouch, Bury St Edmunds, Hucknall, Hereford, Ledbury and Glasgow. The closures cost Tesco £1.4 million.
After the threats the letter writer wrote to Tesco executives again demanding £200 a day and an overall figure of £1 million, which would have taken the blackmailer 13 years to amass the total amount.

## Arrest and trial

Police decided to lure the blackmailer into giving away their identity by transferring money into a bank account as demanded.
On four consecutive dates in July 2007, the suspect withdrew money from cashpoints in Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley and Carlisle. Although he concealed his face, he wore distinctive Wellington boots that helped police track him on CCTV. On 23 July 2007, the suspect, Phil McHugh was arrested in his home on Milton Avenue, Clitheroe. McHugh was a former tax inspector and unemployed charity worker who had gambling debts of £37,000. McHugh pleaded guilty to three specimen charges of blackmail and two charges of communicating a bomb hoax and in January 2008, he was sentenced to six years imprisonment.
# IAR-818

The IAR-818 was a Romanian multipurpose aircraft based on the IAR-817. It was developed by IAR in both landplane and floatplane forms.

## Variants
### IAR-818

    Landplane utility aircraft

### IAR-818H

    Floatplane with twin floats and added ventral fin

## Specifications

Data from Romanian Aeronautical Constructions 1905–1974
General characteristics
* Crew: 1 or 2
* Capacity: 5-6
* Length: 9.9 m (32 ft 6 in)
* Wingspan: 12.1 m (39 ft 8 in)
* Height: 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 25.4 m$^2$ (273 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 805 kg (1,775 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,180 kg (2,601 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 1,300 kg (2,866 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Avia M-337 6-cylinder inverted air-cooled in-line piston engine, 155 kW (208 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed variable-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 185 km/h (115 mph, 100 kn)
* Cruise speed: 165 km/h (103 mph, 89 kn)
* Stall speed: 60 km/h (37 mph, 32 kn)
* Range: 500 km (310 mi, 270 nmi)
* Ferry range: 1,100 km (680 mi, 590 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
* Take-off run: 80–100 m (260–330 ft)
* Landing run: 40 m (130 ft)
# Escape from New York: The Official Story of the Film

Escape From New York The Official Story of the Film is a book by John Walsh published December 14, 2021. This is a behind the scenes look at the making of the film Escape from New York from 1981. Walsh had previously written Harryhausen: The Lost Movies and Flash Gordon: The Official Story of the Film.

## Overview

The book's publication was announced in April 2021. It was published in December and featured new interviews with cast and crew.
Forbidden Planet TV’s Andrew Sumner, Josh Weiss at Syfy Wire and Variety interviewed Walsh about the book.
AIPT Comics review of the book summarised it as “a behind-the-scenes book worthy of Brain’s vast library" and a "unique glimpse into the inner workings of a Carpenter classic".
In 2022 the book was nominated as Book for the Year by the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards

## Publication

Published in December 2021 by Titan Books.
# Farallon de Medinilla

Farallon de Medinilla , also known as No'os, is a small uninhabited island in the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is located 45 nautical miles (83 km) north of Saipan and is the smallest island in the archipelago (not counting the Zealandia Bank). Politically, it is part of the Northern Islands Municipality.

## History

Europeans first charted Farallon de Medinilla in late September or early October 1543 by Spanish explorer Bernardo de la Torre commanding the carrack San Juan de Letrán during a failed attempt to find a northern route east from the Philippines to Mexico. Uninhabited at the time, later archaeological investigations have found blackened caves and pottery fragments indicating prior habitation by the Chamorros. The island was visited by Louis de Freycinet in 1819; it was named for Don Jose de Medinilla y Pifieda, the Spanish Governor of the Marianas from 1812 to 1822.
Spain ceded Farallón de Medinilla to Germany through the German–Spanish Treaty (1899), together with the rest of the Mariana Islands (except Guam). The formalities of cession were carried out on November 17, 1899, in Saipan, for all the Northern Mariana Islands.
Following the sale of the Northern Marianas by Spain to the German Empire in 1899, Farallon de Medinilla was administered as part of German New Guinea. During World War I, the island came under the control of the Empire of Japan and was subsequently administered as part of the South Seas Mandate. Following World War II, the island came under the control of the United States and was administered as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Since 1978, the island has been part of the Northern Islands Municipality of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
For years, the U.S. Navy has used Farallon de Medinilla for military and bombing exercises. In a 2002 lawsuit, the Center for Biological Diversity charged the Navy with destroying wildlife habitat on the island. A subsequent court ruling ordered the U.S. Defense Department to cease bombing exercises on Farallon de Medinilla until they came in compliance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
Negative impacts of military activities on local fauna and flora, including terrestrial and oceanic species, have been pointed out. These include such as Micronesian megapodes, migratory birds and cetaceans such as boobies, terns, frigatebirds, humpback whales and false killer whales.

## Geography

Farallon de Medinilla is roughly wedge-shaped, with a length of 2.8 kilometers (1.7 mi) and a width of 150 meters (490 ft) to the south, expanding to 530 m (1,740 ft) in the north, for an area of 0.845 km$^2$ (0.326 sq mi). At its narrowest location, the island is only 20 m (66 ft) wide. The highest elevation on the island is 81 m (266 ft).
The shores are rimmed with cliffs containing caves and its tableland has some brush and savanna grass.
Satellite imagery (e.g., Google Earth) of the island shows three X-shaped figures and one Y-shaped figure in its northern half, built out of metal shipping containers. The U.S. Navy left these arrangements of shipping containers for bomb targeting practice.
# Chester A. Kowal

Chester A. Kowal (August 17, 1904 – September 28, 1966) was an American politician, a basketball player, a boxer and a World War II veteran. From 1962 to 1965 he was mayor of Buffalo, New York; he was the last non-Democratic mayor of that city until Byron Brown temporarily switched parties in 2021.
He was born into a Polish-American family in Buffalo on August 17, 1904. The family operated a grocery store at 55 Gittere Street. He attended Hutchinson Central High School. He turned down a basketball scholarship to Canisius College in Buffalo in order to play professionally to earn money. He played with the once world champion German Orioles and the Buffalo Lincolns basketball teams, and also played semi-pro baseball with the Easter Brands. He boxed with the Western New York AAU, and tried out for the U.S. Olympic boxing team. He was married to a Polish-American woman, Stephanie Adamski. His family started Walden Bottling Works in 1924; he managed the company in his spare time.
In late 1942, he enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces as a private and was sent to Officers' Training School. He saw service in the U.S. Southwest before serving five months in the Pacific Theater during World War II. In April 1946 he was discharged as a lieutenant-colonel. He was active in veterans organizations.
In 1951, Kowal was elected Buffalo city comptroller on the Republican ticket. He was defeated in his run for mayor in the 1957 election by Frank A. Sedita, but prevailed in the mayoral election held on November 7, 1961. He served a single term as mayor. On September 28, 1966, he died in his sleep.