OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Relief well

Relief wells are used both in the natural gas and petroleum industry and in flood control.

## Fossil fuels

In the natural gas and petroleum industry, a relief well is drilled to intersect an oil or gas well that has experienced a blowout. Specialized liquid, such as heavy (dense) drilling mud followed by cement, can then be pumped down the relief well in order to stop the flow from the reservoir in the damaged well.
The first use of a relief well was in Texas in the mid-1930s when one was drilled to pump water into an oil well that had cratered and caught on fire.

## Flood control

In flood control, a different type of relief well is used adjacent to earthen levees to relieve the pressure on the lake or river side of the levee and thus to prevent the collapse of the levee. The greater flow of water in the water source, typically during a flood, creates a pressure gradient such that more water infiltrates the soil of the levee. Water may then flow through the soil towards the dry side of the levee, resulting in sand boil, liquefaction of the soil, and ultimately destruction of the levee. Relief wells act like valves to relieve the water pressure and allow excess water to be diverted safely, for example, to a canal. Relief wells can prevent sand boils from occurring by relieving the water pressure as described.

## References and external links

* "How a relief well works | Gulf of Mexico response | BP". Retrieved 2010-05-16.
* "IEEE Spectrum: How to Drill A Relief Well". 30 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
* "Relief Well Design Approach: HHD Case Study" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-05.
* ↑ "Wild Oil Well Tamed by Scientific Trick" Popular Mechanics, July 1934
* This article related to natural gas, petroleum or the petroleum industry is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Ron Doig Sr.

Ronald Oldham Doig (10 July 1909 – 17 September 1932) was an Australian sportsman who played Australian rules football for South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and first-class cricket with Western Australia.
A member of the famous Doig family of Fremantle, Ron was a first cousin of George Doig. He made his debut for South Fremantle at the age of just 17 in 1927 and by 1930 was representing Western Australia at interstate football. He was captain of South Fremantle in 1931 and captain-coach in 1932.
On the cricket field, Doig was a right-arm fast-medium bowler and right-handed batsman. He made three first-class cricket appearances for Western Australia, the first of which came in 1926/27 against South Australia. Doig did not bowl and instead played as a top order batsman, making scores of eight and five.
He had to wait until 1931 to play again at first-class level, with his opportunity coming when South Africa toured. Batting at four, he failed to impress with the bat but took what would be the only wicket of his first-class career, bowling opener Herbie Taylor. When South Africa returned to Perth five months later, Doig made his only other first-class appearance but he did not affect the game.
In the finals of the 1932 WANFL season, Doig, who was now captain-coach of South Fremantle, was injured during a match against East Perth. He died from his injuries later that night after suffering from convulsions. The coroner investigated the death and declared it was an accidental death, but was critical of the lack of control by the umpire, the roughness of the play and the fact that the medical staff did not have the right to order players from the field.
An outpatient building at Fremantle Hospital was built in his honour by "his fellow sportsmen and sincere adminerers", with the foundation stone unveiled by Alick McCallum on 8 October 1933.
# Sam Claphan

Samuel Jack Claphan (October 10, 1956 – November 26, 2001) was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). Claphan attended high school at Stilwell High School in Stilwell, Oklahoma, where he earned his way to All-American status in 1974. He was recruited by head coach Barry Switzer to play at the University of Oklahoma. Claphan died of a heart attack on November 26, 2001.

## Career

Claphan played on the 1974 and 1975 National Championship teams and was the starting lineman for the Oklahoma Sooners from 1975 to 1978. At 6' 7" and 295 lbs, Claphan was the largest player on the team. He was selected in the second round of the 1979 NFL draft (47th overall pick) by the Cleveland Browns but failed to make the roster due to a preseason injury. He was picked up by the San Diego Chargers in 1980.
Claphan played longer in the NFL than any other University of Oklahoma lineman. He was a starting offensive tackle for the San Diego Chargers, protecting the blind side of Hall of Fame quarterback Dan Fouts. He was with the Chargers from 1981 to 1987 until he retired. Claphan, a Cherokee, was inducted into the American Indian Athletic Hall of Fame in 1994.
# Bear Island (Maryland)

Bear Island is an island located in Potomac, Montgomery County, Maryland between the Potomac River and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal near the Great Falls. It is managed by the National Park Service as part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park and is co-owned by The Nature Conservancy. One of its most popular attractions is the Billy Goat Trail. Pets are not allowed on Bear Island, nor is smoking.
# Gael Linn Cup 1998

The 1998 Gael Linn Cup, the most important representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Munster, who defeated Leinster in the final, played at St Vincents.

## Arrangements

Leinster defeated Connacht 2–7 to 2–4, Munster defeated Ulster 5–19 to 2–13 and Fiona O'Driscoll, scored 3–9 as Munster defeated Leinster 6–20 to 1–11 for their fourth successive title.

### Gael Linn Trophy

Ulster defeated Munster 1–13 to 1–11 at St Vincent's Grounds. Leinster defeated Connacht 3–12 to 2–8. Goals from Brenda Burke, Shauna McCaul and Leona Fay helped Ulster defeated 3–12 to 1–12 in the final.

### Final stages

| Munster | Leinster |
Munster: :
| GK | 1 | Cora Keohane (Cork) |
| FB | 2 | Eithne Duggan (Cork) |
| RWB | 3 | Mags Finn (Cork) |
| CB | 4 | Ciara Gaynor (Tipperary) |
| LWB | 5 | Claire Madden(Tipperary) |
| MF | 6 | Ursula Troy (Cork) |
| MF | 7 | Mary O'Connor (Cork) |
| MF | 8 | Catherine O'Loughlin (Clare) |
| RWF | 9 | Vera Sheehan (Limerick) |
| CF | 10 | Fiona O'Driscoll (Cork) |
| LWF | 11 | Moira McMahon (Clare) |
| FF | 12 | Deirdre Hughes (Tipperary) |
Leinster: :
| GK | 1 | Miriam Holland (Killkenny) |
| FB | 2 | Cathy Walsh (Dublin) |
| RWB | 3 | Tracey Millea (Killkenny) |
| CB | 4 | Germaine Noonan (Dublin) |
| LWB | 5 | Catherine Boyle (Dublin) |
| MF | 6 | Marina Downey (Killkenny) |
| MF | 7 | Áine Codd (Wexford) |
| MF | 8 | Patricia Clinton (Dublin) |
| RWF | 9 | Sonya Byrne (Dublin) |
| CF | 10 | Bridget Mullally (Killkenny) |
| LWF | 11 | Mag Kelly (Wexford) |
| FF | 12 | Patrica Murphy (Dublin) |

## Junior Final

| Ulster | Leinster |
Ulster: :
| GK | 1 | Teresa McGowan (Down) |
| FB | 2 | Donna Greeran (Down) |
| RWB | 3 | Paula Daly (Fermanagh) |
| CB | 4 | Nuala Magee (Down) |
| LWB | 5 | Mary Rose McGrady (Tyrone) |
| MF | 6 | Martina Mulholland (Derry) |
| MF | 7 | Shauna McCaul (Derry) |
| MF | 8 | Majella Murray (Down) |
| RWF | 9 | Jane Adams (Antrim) |
| CF | 10 | Michelle Corry (Fermanagh) |
| LWF | 11 | Breda Burke (Tyrone) |
| FF | 12 | Leona Fay (Tyrone) |
Leinster: :
| GK | 1 | Niamh Leahy(Dublin) |
| FB | 2 | Nuala Kerrigan (Kildare) |
| RWB | 3 | Bernie Holohan (Wexford) |
| CB | 4 | Melanie Treacy (Kildare) |
| LWB | 5 | Liz O'Donoghue (Kildare) |
| MF | 6 | Louise O'Hara (Dublin) |
| MF | 7 | Michelle Davis (Offaly) |
| MF | 8 | Sarah Weir (Dublin) |
| RWF | 9 | Nuala Quirke (Carlow) |
| CF | 10 | Valerie Crean (Carlow) |
| LWF | 11 | Miriam Malone (Kildare) |
| FF | 12 | Maggie Lynch (Offaly) |
# Jim Ameche

Jim Ameche (August 6, 1915 – February 4, 1983) was an American radio actor who is most notable for his role as radio's original Jack Armstrong on Jack Armstrong, the All-American Boy.

## Career

Born James Amici in Kenosha, Wisconsin,. When his elder brother, Don, left his position as the host and announcer for The Chase and Sanborn Hour in the early 1940s, Jim took over for the remainder of the show's run. He also was heard as mountie Jim West on ABC's Silver Eagle (1951–55). Other shows Ameche was heard on included Grand Hotel, Hollywood Playhouse, and Big Sister. In the 1940s, he had several programs on WGN radio in Chicago.
He was heard on stations in Los Angeles and Palm Springs in the late 1950s and early 60s. For many years he was a popular local radio personality in the New York City area. By the late 1960s, he was working as an announcer on New York's WHN and the TV pitchman for a Longines Symphonette Society mail-order record album featuring clips of old-time radio broadcasts. In the 1960s he also read radio advertisements for Gibson wines. For many years, he was the afternoon announcer on WQXR, the classical radio station of The New York Times, and was a familiar and beloved voice. He also recorded numerous radio ads in Phoenix, Arizona in his later years.

## Film

He portrayed Alexander Graham Bell in the 1957 film The Story of Mankind, a role his brother Don played in 1939's The Story of Alexander Graham Bell.

## Family

Jim Ameche was married to the former Betty A. Harris of Oak Park, Illinois. The couple had six children. Alan Ameche, the professional football player, was a cousin of Jim.

## Death

Jim Ameche died February 4, 1983, of lung cancer at Tucson Medical Center at age 67.
# The Biology of Luck

The Biology of Luck is a 2013 American novel by Jacob M. Appel. It is a reimagining of James Joyce's Ulysses and is set in New York City.

## Plot

The novel alternates between the adventures of "New York tour guide Larry Bloom", who works "a nine-to-five grind herding privileged tourists through the city", and chapters from a book manuscript he has written "about the light in his listless life, Starshine Hart, a 29-year-old, job-jumping beauty who attracts the gaze and adoration of nearly every man in the Tri-state area".

## Reception

Kate Duva of Word Riot wrote that Appel captures the essence of New York City and starts off well, but the large eccentric cast and lack of characterization for the main protagonists may leave some readers ambivalent. Will Donnelly of Green Mountains Review described the novel as "strange genius".
It won an Independent Publisher Book Award for U.S. North-East, Best Regional Fiction in 2014 and was short-listed for the Hoffer Society's Montaigne Medal.
# Herluin de Conteville

Herluin de Conteville (c. 1001–1066) was the stepfather of William the Conqueror and the father of Odo of Bayeux and Robert, Count of Mortain, both of whom became prominent during William's reign. He died in 1066, the year his stepson conquered England.

## Conteville and Sainte-Mère-Église

Herluin was a lord of moderate income and held some land on the south side of the river Seine. He was viscount of Conteville, probably so created by his stepson, and held the honour of Sainte-Mère-Église, a portion of the county of Mortain. There he founded Grestain Abbey around 1050 with his son Robert.

## Uncertain Parentage

No contemporary record provides the parentage for Herluin, although later sources, notably the Book of de Burgos, have assigned him parents, such as the otherwise unknown couple of Jean de Conteville and Harlette de Meulan.

## Herluin's marriage to Herleva

In the mid-11th century, Conteville and its dependencies appear to have been in the hands of Herluin, whose wife Herleva was previously the mistress of Robert I, Duke of Normandy and mother of his only son, William, (later called William the Conqueror). Herluin and Herleva had two sons, Odo or Eudes, who became Bishop of Bayeux, and Robert, Count of Mortain. Both were prominent in the reign of their half-brother William. They also had several daughters, including Emma, who married Richard le Goz, Viscount of Avranches, and one of unknown name, sometimes called Muriel in modern genealogies, who married Guillaume, Seigneur de la Ferté-Macé. Herluin is said to have loyally borne William's body to his grave at Caen after he died in the burning of Mantes; however, that was in 1087, well after Herluin's death in 1066.

## Family

Herluin of Conteville was married to Herleve of Falaise and together they had six known children:
* Emma de Conteville Born: abt 1029 Married Viscount Richard le Goz
* Robert de Conteville Born: abt 1031 Married Matilda de Montgomery
* Mathilde de Conteville Born: abt 1033 Married Ingleran I de Preaux
* Eudes Odo de Conteville Born: abt 1035
* Herleva de Conteville Born: abt 1037 Married Seigneur Ranulphus de Briwere
* Muriel de Conteville Born: abt 1039 Married Guillaume de la Ferte-Mace

## Herluin's marriage to Fredesendis

After Herleva's death, Herluin remarried to Fredesendis, who appears as a benefactor of Grestain Abbey, and as Herluin's wife in the confirmation charter of the abbey, dated 1189. The abbey was founded by Herluin himself around 1050, in hopes of achieving a cure to his leprosy or some similar disease. Little is known of the children of Herluin and Fredesendis. A son Jean de Conteville appears to have died young. A Ralph de Conteville appearing in the Domesday Book holding land in Somerset and Devon, has been identified as another son, though others derive that man from the Pas-de-Calais, and hence not of this family.
# Konstantinos Tsiaras

Konstantinos Tsiaras (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Τσιάρας; born 1966) is a Greek politician and member of New Democracy who currently serves as Minister of Rural Development and Food and former Minister of Justice in the Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis from 2019 to 2023. He is a member of the Hellenic Parliament for Karditsa and is a former Deputy Foreign Minister. In addition to Greek, his native language, he speaks English, French, German, Italian, and Russian.

## Education

Tsiaras graduated from the School of Medicine at Dimokriteion University of Thrace, with a specialization in microbiology-biopathology. He received his doctorate from the University of Athens Medical School.
# Per-Olov Richardsson

Per-Olov Richardsson (born 17 January 1942 in Undersåker) is a Swedish former alpine skier who competed in the 1968 Winter Olympics, finishing 43rd in the men's downhill.
Per-Olov is the father of Karin Richardsson, Richard Richardsson and Olov Richardsson. He has also got four grandchildren, Mimmi, Ylva, Oskar and Erik Richardsson.
# Sean Fraser (swimmer)

Sean Fraser (born 30 April 1990 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a Scottish swimmer.
Fraser attended Lasswade High School. He won a bronze medal for Great Britain in the S8 100m backstroke at the Beijing Paralympics 2008, and a gold medal in the 2009 British Championships for the MC 100 m backstroke. He won bronze medals for the S8 50 m Freestyle, 400 m Freestyle and 100 m Backstroke events at the 2009 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) European Swimming Championships in Reykjavík, Iceland. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India he won a silver medal in Men's 100 m freestyle S8 with a British record time of 1:00.77. He won a bronze medal for the 34pt 4 × 100 m freestyle relay at the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany. and a gold at the British Championships in 2012 for the MC 100 m freestyle.
Fraser swam for Warrender Baths Club in Edinburgh and Manchester HPC. He was inducted into the Scottish Swimming Hall of Fame in 2018.
# The Provincial Archive

The Provincial Archive are a Canadian indie band. Their releases have spanned genres from indie folk to alt rock. Their music has been compared to R.E.M. and The Shins as well as early Weezer and Elliott Smith.

## History

The band released its debut album, Nameless Places, in 2009 locally in the band's hometown, Edmonton, Alberta.
Their second album, Maybe We Could Be Holy, followed in 2010. The band supported Maybe We Could Be Holy in part with a cross-Canada tour which included performances in the provincial archive buildings of eight of the ten Canadian provinces.
The band's third album, It's All Shaken Wonder, was released in Germany in May 2014 and in North America on August 19, 2014 on the Black Box Music label. On June 10, 2014, a four-song EP Hide Like A Secret was released via iTunes, along with a music video for the first track Daisy Garden. It's All Shaken Wonder was awarded the Edmonton Music Prize on December 1, 2014. All work up to and including this release was self-produced by the band, and the band's primary songwriter, Craig Schram. Following this release, the project was downsized to a trio with the departure of members Ryan Podlubny in 2014, and Nathan Burge in 2015. Podlubny was replaced by Stephen Tchir, a long-time musical collaborator with both Park and Schram .
The band's fourth, self-titled, effort would be released in November 2015. The release was produced by Nik Kozub of the band Shout Out Out Out Out, and was recorded live-off-the-floor as a trio. The release has drawn early comparisons to 90s alt rock, and represents a departure from the band's folk and pop influenced beginnings.
Park, Schram and Tchir also perform as the singer-songwriter Charlotte Cornfield's touring band.

## Band members

* Craig Schram
* Bramwell Park
* Stephen Tchir
* Ryan Podlubny (Former)
* Nathan Burge (Former)
* David Meagher (Former)
Based in Edmonton, Alberta, the band was formed by Craig Schram, Nathan Burge and Ryan Podlubny following the demise of earlier musical projects. The band subsequently enlisted drummer Dave Meagher, who was with the band briefly before being replaced by Bramwell Park. The project was downsized to a trio with the departure of Ryan Podlubny in 2014 and Nathan Burge in 2015. Podlubny was replaced by Stephen Tchir, a long-time musical collaborator with both Park and Schram. All of the band's current and former members are multi-instrumentalists.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Nameless Places (2009)
* Maybe We Could Be Holy (Bedrooms and Basements, 2010)
* It's All Shaken Wonder (Black Box, 2014)
* Good Luck (Consonant, 2023)

### Extended plays

* Hide Like A Secret (Black Box, 2014)
* The Provincial Archive (Consonant, 2015)

### Singles

* "Imaginary Friends" (Consonant, 2018)

## Music videos

* "Common Cards" (2013)
* "Daisy Garden" (2014)
* "The Market" (2014)
# Silver Strand (San Diego)

Silver Strand, or simply The Strand, is a low, narrow, sandy isthmus or a human-constructed tombolo 7 miles (11 km) long in San Diego County, California, partially within Silver Strand State Beach. It connects Coronado with Imperial Beach. Together with the Point Loma peninsula it shelters and defines San Diego Bay.
State Route 75 (SR 75) runs the length of the strand and is a popular site for jogging and bicycling. The Silver Strand Half Marathon is run along the route each November. The ocean side of the strand features 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of coastline trimmed with silver shells (thus named Silver Strand).

## Beach

The Silver Strand State Beach is just 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Coronado on SR 75. The beach offers many activities including camping, surfing, swimming, body boarding, jet skiing, sailing, water skiing, beach volleyball and fishing. There are approximately 130 first come, first served campsites. Park facilities include four large parking lots, which can accommodate up to 1,000 vehicles. Popular activities at this recreational destination include camping, fishing, swimming, surfing, boating, water-skiing, volleyball, and picnicking. Anglers can fish for perch, corbina, grunion and yellow-fin croaker.

## Navy bases

The beaches north and south of the state beach are Department of Defense property. North of it is Naval Amphibious Base Coronado and south of it is Silver Strand Training Complex. Much of the SEALs' training takes place on the beaches.
# The Merowingians (novel)

The Merowingians or The Total Family (German: Die Merowinger oder Die totale Familie) is a 1962 novel by the Austrian writer Heimito von Doderer. It interweaves a contemporary family with the medieval Merovingian dynasty and is about a man who tries to create "the total family" by marrying his step-family members. In 2018, Die Welt described the novel as "by far the funniest and strangest in the oeuvre of this highly funny and most strange author".
The book was adapted into the 1981 film Die totale Familie [de].
# Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick

Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick (c. 1102 – 12 June 1153) was the elder son of Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick and Margaret (d. after 1156), daughter of Geoffroy, Count of Perche and Beatrix of Montdidier. He was also known as Roger de Newburgh.
The borough of Warwick remembers him as the founder of the Hospital of S. Michael for lepers which he endowed with the tithes of Wedgnock, and other property; he also endowed the House of the Templars beyond the bridge. He also built the Chapel of St James the Great in Warwick which is now part of the Lord Leycester Hospital. In the reign of King Stephen he founded a priory dedicated to S. Cenydd at Llangennith, Co. Glamorgan and he attached it as a cell to the Abbey of S. Taurinus at Evreux in Normandy.

## Family and children

In 1130, he married Gundreda de Warenne, daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth de Vermandois. They had children:
* William de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Warwick
* Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick (1153 – 12 December 1204)
* Agnes de Beaumont, married Geoffrey de Clinton, Chamberlain to the king and son of Geoffrey de Clinton, the founder of Kenilworth Castle and Priory
* Gundred de Beaumont (c. 1135 – 1200), married:
** Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk