# Common tactical wheeled vehicle

The Common Tactical Wheeled Vehicle (CTWV) is a family of wheeled armoured vehicles that are expected to be deployed by the Japan Ground Self-Defence Force. This vehicle is based on the same platform as the Type 16 manoeuvre combat vehicle, and four further variants have been developed, of which three will enter service.

## Background

The CTWV is based on the MAV (Mitsubishi Armoured Vehicle), which development was initiated in the early 2010s, and was unveiled in 2014 at Eurosatory. It is derived from the Type 16 from which it shared 80% of the components.
The vehicles in service that will be replaced by the new vehicles will be stored. The Japan government plans an important budget to store and preserve the vehicles, as well as keep and maintain the spare equipment. It is a change in the policy, as up to now, the JGSDF tended to dismantle and scrap the existing equipment.

### Type 96 successor

This vehicle base was initially developed for the "Improved Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier" programme, as a successor of the Type 96 armoured personnel carrier.
In January 2018, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries received a contract for the construction of a prototype of the "Common Tactical Wheeled Vehicle System Design A", a variant based on the Type 16 manoeuvre combat vehicle. In February 2018, a contract was signed with Komatsu Ltd. for the "Common Tactical Wheeled Vehicle System Design B" prototype, a variant of the NBC reconnaissance vehicle [ja].
Initially, the offer by Komatsu was selected, but due to problems with the armour and other elements, the programme was cancelled.
A new programme for the replacement of the Type 96 was put in place, and is known as the "next generation armoured vehicle". The main variant will be an armoured personnel carrier, but there will also by command-and-control vehicles, armoured ambulances, logistics support vehicles and engineer variants. The offers made for this programme include:
* MAV (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries), the APC variant of the Common tactical wheeled vehicle
* Patria AMV$^{XP}$
* LAV 6.0 by General Dynamics Land Systems Canada and Sojitz Aerospace
The offer of GDLS was dropped because it was incapable to provide a prototype for testing in the timeline required by the JSDF. During the testing the Patria AMV$^{XP}$ proved its superiority and it was selected in December 2022.

### CTWV programme

In December 2019, the JSDF ordered prototypes of three new variants of the MAV under the "Common Tactical Wheeled Vehicle" programme:
* ICV - Infantry combat vehicle [ja]
* RCV - Reconnaissance combat vehicle [ja]
* MMCV - Manoeuvre Mortar combat vehicle [ja]
This family of vehicles has been ordered to equip the Mobile Rapid Response Regiment of the Japan Ground Self-Defence Force, able to quickly be deployed in case of an urgent need. A total of 370 armoured fighting vehicles of this family are expected to be ordered.

#### ICV - Infantry combat vehicle

This variant is a wheeled highly mobile infantry fighting vehicle for the JGSDF.

#### RCV - Reconnaissance combat vehicle

This variant is designed to succeed to the Type 87 RCV in the JGSDF. The testing of the prototype was going on in 2023.

#### MMCV - Manoeuvre Mortar combat vehicle

This variant will be one of the successors to the tracked Type 96 120 mm self-propelled mortar. The vehicle has a roof opening system for a Thales 2R2M mortar platform firing at 360°. On the sides, there are storage spaces for the shells and for the propellers.

## Specifications of the variants

| Parameters | MAV Mitsubishi armoured vehicle | ICV Infantry combat vehicle | MMCV Mortar mobile combat vehicle | RCV Reconnaissance combat vehicle |
| | Role | Role | Role | Role |
| Role | Armoured personnel carrier | Infantry fighting vehicle | Mortar carrier | Reconnaissance vehicle |
| Length | 8.00 m (26.25 ft) | 8.10 m (26.6 ft) | 8.10 m (26.6 ft) | 8.70 m (28.5 ft) |
| Height (hull) | 2.20 m (7.2 ft) | — | 2.70 m (8.9 ft) | — |
| Height (with turret) | — | 2.90 m (9.5 ft) | — | 2.90 m (9.5 ft) |
| Width | 3.00 m (9.84 ft) | 3.00 m (9.84 ft) | 3.00 m (9.84 ft) | 3.00 m (9.84 ft) |
| | Mass | Mass | Mass | Mass |
| Empty | 18 t (40,000 lb) | — | — | — |
| Payload | 10 t (22,000 lb) | — | — | — |
| GVW (max) | 28 t (62,000 lb) | 26 t (57,000 lb) | 26 t (57,000 lb) | 26 t (57,000 lb) |
| | Weapon System / Mission Equipment | Weapon System / Mission Equipment | Weapon System / Mission Equipment | Weapon System / Mission Equipment |
| Crew + passengers | 2 + 9 | 3 + 8 | 4 | 4 |
| Main mission equipment | RCWS | Unmanned turret with | Thales 2R2M | Manned turret |
| Main mission equipment | 40 mm grenade launcher or a heavy / general purpose machine gun | Mk44 Bushmaster II (30×173mm) autocannon Mk52 Bushmaster coaxial machine gun (7.62×51mm NATO) | Rifled Recoiled Mounted Mortar 120 mm | Mk44 Bushmaster II (30×173mm) autocannon Mk52 Bushmaster coaxial machine gun (7.62×51mm NATO) |
| Main mission equipment | — | 10TanK NetWork (10TKNW) network | 10TanK NetWork (10TKNW) network | Elbit Systems MRSS (Multi-Sensor Reconnaissance and Surveillance System) 10TanK NetWork (10TKNW) network |
| | Vehicle performances | Vehicle performances | Vehicle performances | Vehicle performances |
| Max speed | > 100 km/h (62 mph) | > 100 km/h (62 mph) | > 100 km/h (62 mph) | > 100 km/h (62 mph) |
| | Power train | Power train | Power train | Power train |
| Engine | MHI 4VA (11.3 litres, 4-cylinder turbo-diesel) | MHI 4VA (11.3 litres, 4-cylinder turbo-diesel) | MHI 4VA (11.3 litres, 4-cylinder turbo-diesel) | MHI 4VA (11.3 litres, 4-cylinder turbo-diesel) |
| Engine performances | Power 530 hp (400 kW) | Power 570 hp (430 kW) | Power 570 hp (430 kW) | Power 570 hp (430 kW) |
| Power / mass ratio | 18.9 hp/t (14.1 kW/t) at GVW | 21.9 hp/t (16.3 kW/t) at GVW | 21.9 hp/t (16.3 kW/t) at GVW | 21.9 hp/t (16.3 kW/t) at GVW |
| Driveline | All-wheel drive with diff-lock | All-wheel drive with diff-lock | All-wheel drive with diff-lock | All-wheel drive with diff-lock |

## Operators
### Future operators
#### Japan (67 ordered as of 2025, 450 target)

    As of 2024, the total order list includes:
   * Type-24 ICV - Infantry combat vehicle [ja]: 42 serial production + 1 prototype
   * Type-24 MMCV - Manoeuvre Mortar combat vehicle [ja]: 16 serial production + 1 prototype
   * RCV - Reconnaissance combat vehicle [ja]: 6 serial production + 1 prototype

### Failed bids
#### Japan

    Competition lost for the replacement of the Type 96 APC against the Patria AMV$^{XP}$.

## Detailed list of orders

| Fiscal year | Cost (¥ billion) | Variants of the CTWV Common Tactical Wheeled Vehicle | Variants of the CTWV Common Tactical Wheeled Vehicle | Variants of the CTWV Common Tactical Wheeled Vehicle | Notes |
| Fiscal year | Cost (¥ billion) | Type-24 ICV Infantry combat vehicle | Type-24 MMCV Mortar mobile combat vehicle | RCV Reconnaissance combat vehicle | Notes |
| Target total | – | 150 | 100 | 120 | 370 AFV planned |
| 2026 | – | – | – | – | |
| 2025 | ¥ 22.00 | 18 | – | – | |
| 2025 | ¥ 8.50 | – | 8 | – | |
| 2025 | ¥ 9.10 | – | – | 6 | |
| 2024 | ¥ 24.20 | 24 | – | – | |
| 2024 | ¥ 8.00 | – | 8 | – | |
| 2023 | ¥ 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| 2022 | ¥ 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| 2021 | ¥ 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| 2020 | ¥ 0.00 | – | – | – | – |
| 2019 | ¥ 2.35 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | ¥ 74.15 | 43 | 17 | 7 | – |
| Total | ¥ 74.15 | 67 | 67 | 67 | – |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Became the Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency in 2015.
* ↑ Unit cost is based on the 2024 budget, with ¥ 24.2 billion for 24 ICV (first serial production order)