# Sequim, Washington

Sequim (/ˈskwɪm/ SKWIM) is a city in Clallam County, Washington, United States. It is located along the Dungeness River near the base of the Olympic Mountains. The 2020 census counted a population of 8,018, with an estimated population in 2022 of 8,319.
Sequim lies within the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains and receives, on average, less than 16 inches (410 mm) of rain per year – about the same as Los Angeles, California – giving rise to the region's local nickname of Sunny Sequim. However, the city is relatively close to some of the wettest temperate rainforests of the contiguous United States. This climate anomaly is sometimes called the "Blue Hole of Sequim". Fogs and cool breezes from the Juan de Fuca Strait make Sequim's climate more humid than would be expected from the low average rate of annual precipitation.
The city and the surrounding area are particularly known for the commercial cultivation of lavender, supported by the unique climate. It makes Sequim the "Lavender Capital of North America", rivaled only in France. The area is also known for its Dungeness crab.

## Etymology

The name Sequim is derived from the Klallam word sxʷčkʷíyəŋ, which means "hunting ground" or "place for going to shoot". It was adopted as the name of the settlement in 1879, with the spelling replacing the earlier "Seguim". The historic translation of "quiet waters" was disproven in 2010 by linguist Timothy Montler, who had researched the Klallam language and interviewed elders of the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe. Sequim is pronounced as one syllable, with the e elided: "skwim"; a common mispronounciation is "see-kwim".

## History
### Indigenous inhabitants

Fossils discovered in the late 1970s – at a dig near Sequim known as the Manis Mastodon site, by Carl Gustafson, an archaeologist at Washington State University – included a mastodon bone with an embedded bone point, evidencing the presence of hunters in the area about 14,000 years ago. According to Michael R. Waters, an archaeologist at Texas A&M University, this is the first hunting weapon found that dates to the pre-Clovis period.
The S'Klallam tribe had inhabited the region prior to the arrival of the first Europeans. S'Klallam means "the strong people". The band of S'Klallam Indians disbanded into their own individual federally recognized tribes in the early 1900s. The local tribe is the Jamestown S'Klallam tribe, named after one of their early leaders, Lord James Balch. According to other tales, the town Sequim in S'Klallam means "a place for going to shoot", which represents the abundance of game and wildlife of the area. Archeological excavation during construction of the U.S. Route 101 bypass in the 1990s found artifacts that were dated between 6000 to 8000 years before present.

### Settlement

Manuel Quimper and George Vancouver explored the region's coast in the 1790s. The first European settlers arrived in the Dungeness Valley in the 1850s, settling nearby Dungeness, Washington. While the lands along the river became fertile farmlands, the remainder of the area remained arid prairie, known as "the desert". Irrigation canals first brought water to the prairie in the 1890s, allowing the expansion of farmlands.
Sequim was officially incorporated on October 31, 1913. For many decades small farms, mostly dairy farms, dotted the area around the small town. Near the end of World War I, Sequim became a stop for a railway that passed through from Port Angeles to Port Townsend, built primarily to carry wood products from the forests of the western Olympic Peninsula.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.37 square miles (16.50 km$^2$), of which 6.31 square miles (16.34 km$^2$) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km$^2$) is water.
The forests around Sequim are dominated by Douglas-fir and western red cedar. Other trees growing in the area include black cottonwood, red alder, bigleaf maple, Pacific madrone, lodgepole pine and Garry oak, all of which can grow to a significant size. Historically, much of the area was an open, oak-studded prairie, supported by somewhat excessively-drained gravelly and sandy loam soil; agriculture and development of the Dungeness valley have changed this ecosystem. Most soils under Sequim have been placed in a series that is named after the city. This "Sequim series" is one of the few Mollisols in western Washington and its high base saturation, a characteristic of the Mollisol order, is attributed to the minimal leaching of bases caused by low annual rainfall.

### Climate

Sequim experiences a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb), sometimes classified as an oceanic climate owing to the relatively cool temperatures. Sequim is in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, so annual precipitation is the lowest in the western portion of the state at only 16 inches, Winters are mostly mild with very little snowfall. Many years there is no snow at all. The highest temperature recorded in Sequim was 99 °F (37.2 °C) on 16 July 1941, and the lowest −3 °F (−19.4 °C) on 19 January 1935.
Climate data for Sequim, Washington, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1980–present :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 68 (20) | 63 (17) | 76 (24) | 77 (25) | 86 (30) | 93 (34) | 99 (37) | 91 (33) | 87 (31) | 73 (23) | 70 (21) | 64 (18) | 99 (37) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 56.3 (13.5) | 55.9 (13.3) | 61.6 (16.4) | 67.1 (19.5) | 74.3 (23.5) | 79.1 (26.2) | 82.3 (27.9) | 82.4 (28.0) | 75.5 (24.2) | 66.7 (19.3) | 59.8 (15.4) | 55.2 (12.9) | 85.2 (29.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 46.2 (7.9) | 47.8 (8.8) | 51.3 (10.7) | 55.8 (13.2) | 61.5 (16.4) | 65.4 (18.6) | 70.0 (21.1) | 70.4 (21.3) | 65.9 (18.8) | 57.5 (14.2) | 50.4 (10.2) | 45.9 (7.7) | 57.3 (14.1) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 39.2 (4.0) | 39.9 (4.4) | 42.9 (6.1) | 46.8 (8.2) | 52.9 (11.6) | 57.1 (13.9) | 60.8 (16.0) | 60.7 (15.9) | 56.0 (13.3) | 48.7 (9.3) | 42.5 (5.8) | 38.8 (3.8) | 48.9 (9.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 32.3 (0.2) | 32.1 (0.1) | 34.5 (1.4) | 37.9 (3.3) | 44.2 (6.8) | 48.8 (9.3) | 51.5 (10.8) | 51.1 (10.6) | 46.2 (7.9) | 39.9 (4.4) | 34.6 (1.4) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 40.4 (4.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 19.7 (−6.8) | 21.5 (−5.8) | 24.8 (−4.0) | 28.0 (−2.2) | 33.2 (0.7) | 39.5 (4.2) | 43.2 (6.2) | 42.4 (5.8) | 36.5 (2.5) | 28.3 (−2.1) | 22.9 (−5.1) | 20.3 (−6.5) | 15.6 (−9.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 0 (−18) | −3 (−19) | 12 (−11) | 19 (−7) | 28 (−2) | 33 (1) | 35 (2) | 33 (1) | 31 (−1) | 19 (−7) | 4 (−16) | −1 (−18) | −3 (−19) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.18 (55) | 1.39 (35) | 1.49 (38) | 1.23 (31) | 1.16 (29) | 0.94 (24) | 0.51 (13) | 0.56 (14) | 0.87 (22) | 1.63 (41) | 2.64 (67) | 2.25 (57) | 16.85 (426) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.4 (3.6) | 1.4 (3.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 16.2 | 13.5 | 14.5 | 12.4 | 10.7 | 8.8 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 141.3 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Source 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Demographics
### 2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 8,018 people and 3,480 households in the city. The population density was 1,269.8 inhabitants per square mile (490.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 86.7% White, 1.9% African American, 0.9% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, and 6.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 8.5% of the population.
19.3% of residents were under the age of 18; and 34.0% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.7% male and 55.3% female.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 6,606 people, 3,340 households, and 1,626 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,046.9 inhabitants per square mile (404.2/km$^2$). There were 3,767 housing units at an average density of 597.0 per square mile (230.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 91.3% (2020=86.7%) White, 0.4% (2020=1.9%) African American, 1.2% Native American, 1.9% (2020=3.1%) Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.7% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.8% (2020=8.5%) of the population.
There were 3,340 households, of which 17.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.5% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 51.3% were non-families. 45.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 29.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.87 and the average family size was 2.57.
The median age in the city was 57.9 years. 15.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.9% were from 25 to 44; 22.1% were from 45 to 64; and 40.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.4% male and 55.6% female.

### 2000 census

More detailed information from the 2000 census indicated that the racial makeup of the city was 93.91% White, 0.30% African American, 1.15% Native American, 1.75% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.92% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.86% of the population.
There were 2,163 households, out of which 15.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.6% were non-families. 44.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 30.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 2.55.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 15.3% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 15.2% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 44.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 59 years. For every 100 females, there were 73.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $27,880, and the median income for a family was $35,652. Males had a median income of $35,160 versus $20,347 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,253. About 9.8% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.9% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Arts and culture
### Festivals and events

Sequim holds an Irrigation Festival every May. As of 2019, it is the longest continually running festival in the state and is in its 124th year. The festival celebrates the lavender capstone and includes parades, pageants, and arts and crafts.
Over the past two decades, Sequim has become known for growing lavender and holds the annual Sequim Lavender Weekend (the third weekend in July).

### Tourism

Sequim is home to a herd of Roosevelt elk. The herd occasionally crosses US 101 just to the southeast of the town. Radio collars on some members of the herd trigger warning lights for motorists.
The Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge is located just north of the city, near the mouth of the Dungeness River. It includes the Dungeness Spit and a five-mile (8 km) hike to the New Dungeness Lighthouse at the end of the spit. To the east along Highway 101 is Sequim Bay, a 4-mile (6.5 km) long inlet from the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Along the western stretch is the Sequim Bay State Park. The inlet is a popular birdwatching area.
The Museum and Arts Center features both natural and cultural exhibits, including a mastodon mural mounted with the remaining mastodon bones, artifacts, and a video on the excavation.

## Education

The Sequim School District served a population of almost 29,000 as of 2018. It is home to the following schools:
* Sequim High School
* Sequim Middle School
* Olympic Peninsula Academy
* Helen Haller Elementary
* Greywolf Elementary
Private schools:
* Five Acre School

## Media
### Film and television

Due to a social media post, students from the rotary club of Sequim High School were able to procure a film screening of The Boys in the Boat, a movie centered around Joe Rantz and his gold-medal 1936 Summer Olympics rowing team. The 2023 motion picture, directed by George Clooney, was planned to be shown at a school auditorium as the city lacks a formal movie theater. A number of students from the school district were in invited attendance at the premiere in December 2023, held at the SIFF Cinema Downtown in Seattle.

### Newspapers

The local news publications consist of the community newspaper Sequim Gazette and the Peninsula Daily News.

### Radio

Sequim is served by several radio stations. KSQM, FM 91.5 is a non-commercial station staffed by community volunteers featuring a variety of music. Z-104.9 FM, KZQM is a commercial station featuring classic hits. Newsradio KONP also provides local news, talk and sports programming on 1450 AM and 101.3 FM.

## Sister city

Sequim's sister city is Shiso, Hyōgo, Japan. Sequim and Shiso have an exchange student program set up through Sequim High School and Sequim Middle School.

## Notable people

* Richard B. Anderson, World War II soldier, posthumous Medal of Honor recipient
* Princess Marie-Christine of Belgium [fr], daughter of the late Belgian King Leopold III of Belgium and aunt of the current Monarch of Belgium, King Philippe
* Bailey Bryan, country music artist
* Matthew Dryke, two-time world champion skeet shooter and Olympic gold medalist
* Dorothy Eck, Montana politician
* Hal Keller, baseball player and executive
* Donald M. Kendall, former PepsiCo CEO and political adviser
* Robbie Knievel, daredevil and stunt performer
* Jesse Marunde, 2005 World's Strongest Man runner-up
* James Henry McCourt, Wisconsin politician
* Pauline Moore, actress
* Andrew Nisbet, Jr., member of the Washington House of Representatives and Army officer
* Joe Rantz, rower and Olympic gold medalist; depicted in the book Boys in the Boat
* Jennifer Thomas, classical pianist, violinist, composer, and recording artist
* Phil Woolpert, member of the Basketball Hall of Fame and NCAA Basketball Hall of Fame

### Musical groups

* Emblem3, musical group