OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Poste Vaticane

Poste Vaticane is an organization responsible for postal service in Vatican City. The organization is part of the Post and Telegraphy Service.

## History

The use of stamps was introduced in the Vatican in 1852.
Poste Vaticane was created in 1929 following the Lateran Treaty. It started operations on 1 August 1929 (or February 1929). Its yellow mail boxes became iconic in the landscape of the papal city. The Poste Vaticane also handled the state's telegraph communications. The air courier system was set up in 1938. The Poste Vaticane joined the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations in 1965, and PostEurop in 2012.
In 2020, a law was passed to merge the philatelic and postal activities of the Poste Vaticane. In September 2020, the Poste Vaticane released a stamp picturing the coronavirus.

## Description

Poste Vaticane manages the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and operates four branch offices. The Poste Vaticane handles 140 tonnes of mail and six million postcards every year.

## In popular culture

In the 1991 movie Hudson Hawk, Bruce Willis and Andie MacDowell walk through a fictional Vatican secret railway platform branded Poste Vaticane.
# Crambus silvella

Crambus silvella is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in Europe.
The wingspan is 22–26 millimetres (0.87–1.02 in). Differs from Crambus pascuella as follows : forewings with apex little produced, dorsum less whitish, median streak less broad, continued beyond second line to termen, costal spot before second line much more elongate. See also Parsons et al.
# Smag

smag or variant, may refer to:
* Soviet Military Administration in Germany (1945-1949), Soviet occupation government in Germany post-WWII
* St. Mary's Academy, Guagua (SMAG), Pampanga, Philippines (est.1908), a co-ed Catholic school
* salaire minimum agricole garanti (French: guaranteed agricultural minimum wage)
* Salzgitter Maschinenbau AG, a German firm in Salzgitter-Bad
* Schiff- und Maschinenbau-Actien-Gesellschaft Germania, former name of German shipbuilder Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft
* Sefer Mitzvot Gadol (SMaG; English: Large Book of Commandments) by Rabbi Moses ben Jacob of Coucy, enumerating the 613 commandments
# Alfonso Rendano

Alfonso Rendano (5 April 1853 – 10 September 1931) was an Italian pianist and composer.
Rendano was born in Carolei (Cosenza). He was particularly precocious and at the age of ten he was admitted to the Naples Conservatory, where he was noticed by Sigismund Thalberg who sent him to Paris, recommending him to Rossini.
In 1866 he studied under Georges Mathias, Chopin's pupil. For about 15 years, he carried out an intense musical activity; he then devoted himself to teaching, first in Naples, then in Rome.
Rendano also enjoyed the support of Franz Liszt who tried to help ensure that Rendano's Piano Concerto would receive a performance in a coming German music festival. Liszt wrote of the work: "It is a vigorous, original and remarkable work which I greatly appreciate."
Rendano wrote the opera Consuelo, successfully staged in Turin and in Germany. He held his last concert at Rome's Teatro Valle in 1925. He died in Rome in 1931.
The main theatre of Cosenza is named after him.
# Binczarowa

Binczarowa (Rusyn: Білцарьова, Biltsariova; Ukrainian: Більцарева, Bil’tsareva) is a village in southern Poland. It is parallel to the stream known as Binczarce.

## History

Binczarowa was first mentioned in Polish history in 1365, in a decree of Casimir the Great, under the name Bibyczareban, which forced the city of Grybów to give up its rights to the surrounding forest. In 1531, the Rusyn Ivan Trukhanovych (Polish: Iwan Truchanowicz) obtained the town and Polish nobility from Sigismund I the Old.
After the First Partition of Poland in 1772, it was part of the Galician district of Grybów, and part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was the birthplace of Jaroslav Kacmarcyk (1885-1944), president of the Lemko-Rusyn Republic, and of Metodyj Trochanovskij (1885-1947), who published a Lemko grammar. It was briefly independent from December 5, 1918, until March, 1920, as part of the Lemko-Rusyn Republic (Ruska Narodna Respublika Lemkiu, or Ruska Lemkivska Respublyka).
After World War II, it was depopulated by the Polish government in Operation Vistula in 1947.

## Geography

Binczarowa is a Lemko village in the western Lemkivshchyna. It occupies a mountain valley in the Polish commune of Grybów, county of Nowy Sącz, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is situated along a stream known as the Binczarce, a tributary of the Poprad. It lies between the towns of Florynka to the east and Bogusza in the west.

## Culture and Religion

The town is the site of St. Dymitr's Church, built in 1760. The town is the site of a large World War I cemetery.
# Saleeg

Saleeg (Arabic: سَلِيق‎, romanized: Salīg, Hejazi Arabic pronunciation:) is a white-rice dish, cooked with broth (chicken or other meat) and milk. It originates in Hejaz region in the west of Saudi Arabia, where it is commonly regarded as a national dish of the region. The dish is very popular in the city of Taif. Saleeg originated in the Hijaz region but is now popular all over the Arab world. Some people say that it tastes like the Italian risotto. It is usually eaten during traditional celebrations such as Shabana. A traditional large plate called tabasi is regularly used for serving Saleeg, and the roasted meat is usually on top of the rice. Saleeg is generally accompanied by a Daggus salad, a spicy tomato sauce, and decorated with ghee.

## Etymology

The name comes from the word Saleeg (Arabic: سليق), literally meaning "boiled", referring to the technique used in the cooking where the ingredients are all boiled.

## History

Ibrahim Alyamani is the oldest Saudi chef that introduced Saleeg to the people. He inherited this recipe from his father. Ibrahim was the first chef that opened a local restaurant that offered Saleeg in Taif in 1936. Taif is a city where it is cold all year round since it is at an elevation of 1,879 m (6,165 ft); thus, Saleag became well-known since it is warm and filling for people in Taif.

## Ingredients

Saleeg is traditionally made with rice (usually long-grain), milk, butter, olive oil, and a mixture of spices. The spices that are often used in Saleeg are cardamom pods, salt, black pepper, cinnamon, bay leaf, mastic. The meat that is usually used in Saleeg is chicken, beef, or lamb.
The usual ingredients for daggus salad are red onions, coriander, tomatoes, lemon, salt, black pepper, olive oil, and red chili.
# Ahvaz Metro

Ahvaz Metro is a metro system serving the city of Ahvaz, Iran. The first line with a length of 23 km is currently under construction with 24 stations. There are three other lines also planned for the city.

## Lines
### Line 1

Line 1 of Ahvaz metro is currently under construction. The line starts from the Northeast of the city, from in front of the power plant, going to the Southwest of the city, passing through near Ahvaz Airport, through Ahvaz old town on the left bank of Karun River, crossing the river and passing through Ahvaz Central Business and Administrative District and near Ahvaz railway station, passing the side of Chamran University, and continuing to the city's border to Baghaei Hospital.
The line is being built in 4 segments or phases. The first segment, consisting of 7 stations is expected to become operational in 2025.

### Line 2

Line 2 of Ahvaz metro is planned for construction later. The line will run opposite of Line 1, from Southeast to Northwest.

### Line 3

Line 3 is currently in the planning stage. it will run in an East West direction on the southern edge of central Ahvaz.

### Line 4

Line 4 is currently in the planning stage. it will run in an East West direction further north of the city, just south of the airport.

## Rolling stock

Rolling stock will be supplied by CRRC Nanjing Puzhen in cooperation with Wagon Pars.
# Karakul (Xinjiang)

The Karakul or Karakuli (Uyghur: قاراكۆل, romanized: Qaraköl, Қаракөл; Kyrgyz: Каракөл; Tajik: Қарокӯл; Russian: Каракуль, lit. "black lake"), is a lake located 196 km southwest of Kashgar, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. It is located in Akto County, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture on the Karakoram Highway, before reaching Tashkurgan, the Khunjerab Pass on the China - Pakistan border and Sost in Pakistan.
At an altitude of 3,600 m, it is one of the highest lakes of the Pamir plateau, near the junction of the Pamir, Tian Shan and Kunlun mountain ranges. Surrounded by mountains which remain snow-covered throughout the year, the three highest peaks visible from the lake are the Muztagh Ata (7,546 m), Kongur Tagh (7,649 m) and Kongur Tiube (7,530 m). The meltwater from the nearby Muztagh Ata glaciers profoundly influences the lake water and sediment chemistry.
The lake is popular among travellers for its scenery and the clarity of its reflection in the water, whose color ranges from a dark green to azure and light blue. There are two Kirgiz settlements along the shore of Karakul lake, a small number of yurts about 1 km east of the bus drop-off point and a village with stone houses located on the western shores.
* Karakul Lake, with Muztag Ata across the lake
* Chinese Tourists at Little Karakul Lake. 2011

## Footnotes

* ↑ Bonavia (2004), p. 348.
* ↑ Bonavia (2004), p. 337.
* ↑ Aichner, Bernhard; Feakins, Sarah. J.; Lee, Jung-Eun; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Liu, Xingqi (2015). "High-resolution leaf wax carbon and hydrogen isotopic record of the late Holocene paleoclimate in arid Central Asia". Climate of the Past. 11: 619–633. doi:10.5194/cp-11-619-2015.
* ↑ Liu, Xingqi; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Wang, Yongbo; Kuhn, Gerhard; Yu, Zhitong (2014). "Glacier fluctuations of Muztagh Ata and temperature changes during the late Holocene in westernmost Tibetan Plateau, based on glaciolacustrine sediment records". Geophysical Research Letters. 41 (17): 6265–6273. doi:10.1002/2014GL060444.
# Leptacinus pusillus

Leptacinus pusillus is a species of beetle belonging to the family Staphylinidae.
It is native to Europe and Northern America.
# Petaluma Center, California

Petaluma Center is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) in Sonoma County, California, United States. It covers the residential population of the Coast Guard facility Training Center Petaluma. Per the 2020 census, the population was 709.

## Demographics

Petaluma Center first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

### 2020 Census

Petaluma Center CDP, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 394 | 55.57% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 41 | 5.78% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 9 | 1.27% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 16 | 2.26% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 18 | 2.54% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 3 | 0.42% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 65 | 9.17% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 163 | 22.99% |
| Total | 709 | 100.00% |

## Education

Petaluma Center is in the Two Rock Union Elementary School District and the Petaluma Joint Union High School District.
# Sinking of Namyoung-Ho

The sinking of Namyoung-Ho (Korean: 남영호 침몰 사고) was a marine accident that occurred in the sea near South Korea on December 15, 1970.

## Overview

On December 15, 1970, the South Korean ferryboat Namyoung sank in the Korea Strait. The vessel was heading from Seogwipo-si to Seongsanpo Port near Busan, before it sank about 28 miles (45 km) away from Yeosu and Jeollanam.

## Boat

The ferry was a 362-ton vessel, with a reported capacity of 302 persons and 150 tons of cargo.

## Incident

On December 12, 1970, the ferry departed with 338 passengers on board en route to Jeju island from Busan. The sinking on December 14 was blamed on overloading of the vessel, with initial reports stating that the ferry tilted to one side after 150 crates of tangerines had been placed on one side of the ship. Investigations revealed that the Namyoung had a capacity of 150 tons of cargo but was carrying 500 tons of cargo. Additionally, rescue was delayed as the original SOS from the ferry was either not received or ignored by the Coast Guard, which contributed to the high casualty rate. There were a reported 326 deaths or missing persons.
# Hilduin I, Count of Montdidier

Hilduin I (died before 956), Count of Montdidier. It is unknown who the parents of Hilduin were. Hilduin was the founder of the House of Montdidier, which produced the Counts of Montdidier, Dammartin and Roucy.
There is considerable confusion as to the immediate family of Hilduin among historians and genealogists because of the lack of documented evidence, the preponderance of the names of Hilduin and Manasses in the family and the existence of other contemporary Hilduins (particularly, the Count of Montreuil).
The only creditable reference to Hilduin I was when Philip I, King of France, donated the village of Bagneux to the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in exchange for Combs la Ville by charter dated 1061, which recounts that Hugh the Great had granted Combs to Hilduino…comiti de Monte qui vocatur Desiderius, who died before his benefactor (before 956), and that Henry I, King of France, had regranted Combs to Manasses nepos supradicti Hilduini comitis [Manasses, grandson of Hilduin] just as suus avunculus Hilduinus [his uncle Hilduin] had held it, noting that Odo comes filius prefati Manassetis [Odo, son of Manasses] now claimed the property.
Historians disagree as to the exact disposition of the descendants, but all agree that they descended from Hersende, Dame of Ramerupt, who was married to Hilduin I, or his son of the same name, or his brother, or, in some interpretations, his daughter. We cannot resolve these competing claims and will assume that Hilduin was married to Hersende (Heldwide). In 948, the first church in Montdidier, Somme, was built near the castle of Charlemagne by Hersende.

## Marriage and Issue

The count and his wife had two children:
* Hilduin II, Count of Arcis-sur-Aube and Seigneur de Ramerupt
* Manasses (Manassé) (d. 991), Bishop of Troyes
The next known Count of Montdidier was Hilduin III, grandson of Hilduin I. The apparent gap in the countship is unexplained.
A common mistake is to assume the Hugh I, Count of Ponthieu, husband of Gisele, daughter of Hugh Capet, was the son of Hilduin I, when, in fact, his father was Hilduin (Herluin), Count of Montreuil, as discussed by Flodoard.

## Sources

Tardif, J., Monuments historiques, Paris, 1866
Fanning, Steven and Bachrach, Bernard S. (translators), The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 919-966. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures 9. Broadview Press, 2004
Morton, Catherine, and Muntz, Hope (editors), The Carmen de Hastingae Proelio of Bishop Guy of Amiens, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1972
* This biography of a French peer or noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cringe comedy

Cringe comedy is a subgenre of comedy that derives humor from social awkwardness, guilty pleasure, self-deprecation, idiosyncratic humor, and personal distress. A type of a cringe comedy are pseudo-reality TV shows, sometimes with an air of a mockumentary. They revolve around a serious setting, such as a workplace, to lend the comedy a sense of reality.
Typically, the protagonists are egotists who overstep the boundaries of political correctness and break social norms. The comedy will attack the protagonist by not letting them become aware of their self-centered view, or by making them oblivious to the ego-deflation that the comedy deals them. Sometimes an unlikable protagonist may not suffer any consequences, which violates people's moral expectations, and also makes the audience cringe.

## Theory

Humor theorist Noël Carroll explains this kind of humor in relation to incongruity theory and annoyance:
   Imagine the cutlery laid out for a formal dinner. Suppose that the salad fork is in the wrong place. If you are the sort of person who is disturbed by such deviations from the norm, you will not be capable of finding this amusing. On the other hand, if you are more easy-going about such matters and also aware of the incongruity, it may elicit a chuckle. That is, you may find the error amusing or not. But if you find it genuinely amusing, you cannot find it annoying.

## Examples

Notable examples of television programs in the genre of cringe comedy include:
* Ally McBeal
* The Comeback
* Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
* Curb Your Enthusiasm
* Da Ali G Show
* Extras
* Fleabag
* Girls
* I Think You Should Leave with Tim Robinson
* I'm Alan Partridge
* Impractical Jokers
* The Inbetweeners
* The Larry Sanders Show
* The Last Man on Earth
* Louie
* The Mindy Project
* Nathan for You
* The Office
* Parks and Recreation
* Peep Show
* People Just Do Nothing
* Review
* Veep
# Sophia of Wittelsbach

Sophia of Wittelsbach (1170–1238) was a daughter of Otto I Wittelsbach, who was Count Palatine and later Duke of Bavaria, and his wife Agnes of Loon.
In 1196, Sophia married Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia; she was his second wife. They had the following children:
* Irmgard (b. 1197), married in 1211 to Count Henry I of Anhalt
* Louis IV (1200–1227)
* Herman (1202–1216)
* Conrad (1204–1247), grand master of the Teutonic Knights
* Henry Raspe (1204–1247)
* Agnes, married twice:
** in 1225 to Henry "the Profane" of Babenberg (1208–1228), a son of Margrave Leopold IV of Austria
** in 1229 to Duke Albert I of Saxony (c. 1175 – 1261)
* This article about a member of the German nobility is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# A Love Like War

"A Love Like War" is a song by American rock band All Time Low for the reissue of their fifth studio album Don't Panic: It's Longer Now! (2013). Written and produced by the band's lead vocalist/guitarist Alex Gaskarth and Mike Green, and featuring the input of Pierce The Veil's lead vocalist Vic Fuentes, the song was released through Hopeless Records on September 2, 2013.

## Music video

The music video for "A Love Like War" premiered on September 2, 2013. Directed by Drew Russ, the video features the band and Vic Fuentes in a movie theater watching a black and white film. The music video was nominated for Best Video at the Kerrang! Awards.

## Chart performance

"A Love Like War" debuted and peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot Rock Songs chart, fueled by its peak positions of 15 and 12 on the Rock Digital Songs and Alternative Digital Songs component charts, respectively.
| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 90 |
| UK Singles (Official Charts Company) | 56 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 22 |
| US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard) | 17 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Forefront Identity Manager

Microsoft Forefront Identity Manager (FIM) is a state-based identity management software product, designed to manage users' digital identities, credentials, and groupings throughout the lifecycle of their membership in an enterprise computer system. FIM integrates with Active Directory and Exchange Server to provide identity synchronization, certificate management, user password resets, and user provisioning from a single interface.

## Overview

Part of the Microsoft Identity and Access Management platform product line, FIM superseded Microsoft Identity Lifecycle Manager (ILM), and was known as ILM 2 during development. ILM 2007 was created by merging Microsoft Identity Integration Server 2003 (MIIS) and Certificate Lifecycle Manager (CLM).
FIM 2010 utilizes Windows Workflow Foundation concepts, using transactional workflows to manage and propagate changes to a user's state-based identity. This is in contrast to most of the transaction-based competing products that do not have a state-based element. Administrators not only can create workflows with the web-based GUI of ILM 2 portal but also include more complex workflows designed outside of the portal by importing XAML files.
FIM 2010 R2 (Release 2) was released in June 2012 and has extra capabilities:
* Improved Self-service Password Reset which supports all current web browsers
* Role Based Access Control (RBAC) via the acquisition of BHOLD Software
* Improvement to the Reporting engine via the System Center Service Manager and MS SQL Server reporting Services (SSRS)
* A WebServices Connector to connect to SAP ECC 5/6, Oracle PeopleSoft, and Oracle eBusiness
* Improvements in the areas of performance, simplified deployment and troubleshooting, better documentation, and more language support.

## Codeless provisioning

Forefront Identity Manager introduces the concept of "codeless provisioning", which allows administrators to create objects in any connected data source without writing any code in one of the .NET Framework languages.
The codeless provisioning provided in FIM should be able to sustain most of the simple to medium complexity scenarios for account lifecycle management. FIM fully honors existing MIIS implementations and supports "traditional" coded provisioning side-by-side with code-less provisioning methods.
# Vidyasagar Railway Station

Vidyasagar Railway Station, station code VDS, is the railway station in Karmatanr in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The railway station is named after the Indian educator and social reformer, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. The railway station falls under the Howrah-Delhi main line on the Asansol-Patna section.
The nearest major railway junction is Jasidih, 53 km away.

## Administration

Vidyasagar station is under the Asansol division of Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways.

## History

Formerly known as Karmatanr railway station, it was renamed Vidyasagar railway station in 1974, after Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, who spent more than 18 years of his life there.

## Facilities

The railway station is categorized as NSG-5 station. The major facilities available for passengers are drinking water basin, waiting room, computerized reservation counter, bathrooms, refreshment shops.
Vidyasagar railway station was selected for redevelopment under Amrit Bharat station scheme, which will introduce modern amenities and facilities to the railway station enhancing passengers' comfort and convenience.

### Platforms

There are two platforms. Platform no. 1 caters to down trains (Asansol/Dhanbad/Howrah/Tatanagar/Sambalpur bound trains) whereas platform no. 2 caters to up trains (Jasidih/Patna/Gorakhpur/Raxaul bound trains). An overbridge connects the platforms to ensure safe passage for passengers. There are total four tracks present at the station.

### Trains

Local and express trains serve Vidyasagar station.

## Nearest airports

Airports near to the Vidyasagar railway station are:
* Deoghar Airport (52 KM)
* Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport, Durgapur (92 km)
* Birsa Munda Airport, Ranchi (213 km)

## Gallery

* Ticket Counter
* Platform Number 2
* Station View
* Name Board
* Memorial of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar