OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Constantijn l'Empereur

Constantijn l'Empereur (July 1591 – June 1648) was a prominent Dutch Hebraist, a distinguished Orientalist and doctor of theology.

## Biography

He was born in July 1591 in Bremen, Germany, to where his parents had fled from the Southern Netherlands, modern Belgium, after his grandfather was executed by the Council of Troubles. He acquired great reputation for his knowledge of the oriental languages. He was also an able lawyer and divine. He studied the oriental languages under Drusius and Erpenius at the University of Franeker and took his degree of doctor in the latter faculty in 1617. In 1619 he was made professor of theology and Hebrew at Harderwijk. After eight years, in 1627 he was made professor of Hebrew and Aramaic at the University of Leyden on which occasion he delivered an harangue on the dignity and utility of the Hebrew language and it was his constant endeavour to diffuse a knowledge of that language and of the Arabic and Syriac among his countrymen that they might be the better enabled to combat the objections of the Jews to the Christian religion. He translated and published several editions of the popular 'Travels of Rabbi Benjamin ben Jonah', one Latin-Hebrew Edition with and another one without notes, one Hebrew Edition at Bale, which his friends – the Buxtorfs – sent to Joseph Scaliger who mentioned it favourably in a letter, which was included in a version of Benjamins Travels, printed in 1666 in Amsterdam, collated with a Dutch translation of the Bara, together with a text from the celebrated rabbi Manassah ben Israel. l'Empereur's edition of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela Itinerary was the basis for a popular German and French translation in the 17th and 18th Century.
In 1639 l'Empereur was appointed advisor to the very successful Johan Maurits van Nassau, who was governor of Dutch Brazil from 1637 to 1644. l'Empereur died in June 1648 very soon after he had begun a course of theology at Leyden. Amongst his closest friends were Daniel Heinsius, the Buxtorfs and Lewis de Dieu, minister of the Eglise Wallon. Daniel Heinsius and the Buxtorfs spoke very highly of him. He offered at one time to superintend the printing of a Talmudical dictionary in Holland and endeavoured to bring the younger Buxtorf to Leyden who had undertaken to defend the vowel points against Louis Cappel. He was also corresponding with the notable archbishop Usher.

## Works

l'Empereur's works are:
* Commentarius ad codicem Babylonicum, seu Tractatus Thalmudicus de mensuris Templi (Leyden, 1630),
* Versio et Notae ad Paraphrasin Josephi Jachiadae in Danielem (Amsterdam, 1633),
* Itinerarium D. Benjaminis in Hebrew and Latin (Leyden, 8 volumes),
* Moysis Kimchi Grammatica Chaldaica (Leyden, 8 volumes),
* Confutatio Abarbanelis et Alscheichi in caput liii Isaiae (Layden, 8 volumes, 1631, in French 1685),
* Commentarius in Tractatum Thalmudicum, qui dicitur Porta, de legibus Hebraeorum forensibus in Hebrew and Latin (Leyden, 1637) and
* Commentarius ad Betramum de Republica Hebraeorum (1641, 8 volumes).
# Indo-Seychellois

Indo-Seychellois are inhabitants of Seychelles with Indian heritage. With about 10,000 Indo-Seychellois in a total Seychellois population of nearly 100,000, they constitute a minority ethnic group in Seychelles. According to National Bureau of Statistics Seychelles in 2022, Indian community in Seychelles representing 9.0% from Seychelles population, up from 4.4% in 2010.

## Origins

The first Indo-Seychellois were south Indians, who were brought as slaves along with Africans, by the fifteen French colonists in 1770. Later, as colonial plantations and road construction work started, a larger group was brought in not as slaves, but as indentured labourers (called coolies).
The colonial era arrival records of Indo-Seychellois were not well kept. Those available suggest ships brought Indians to work, and many returned to India when their work contract expired. For example, in February 1905, one British Indian ship's record states that 135 Indians arrived in the Seychelles mostly male adults (106), some females (42), and a few children (7). Those who stayed integrated within the Seychelles society.

## Demography

Indians represent a small minority, at just over 6% of the total population
The majority of Indo-Seychellois are Hindus (60%) from current-day Tamil Nadu and the Kutch region in the present state of Gujarat. Others are Indian Jains, Muslims, Christians, and others. They speak Seychellois Creole, and Tamil, Gujarati and Hindi. Typically they constitute the farming, manufacturing entrepreneurs, construction entrepreneurs, wholesalers and traders community in Seychelles. They are mostly settled in the island of Mahe, some on Praslin and La Digue, with cities such as Victoria exhibiting higher concentrations of Indo-Seychellois.

## Impact

Many Indo-Seychellois have intermarried with non-Indian ethnic groups, and their children are usually classified as a part of the Creole majority. They have had a noticeable impact on the Seychelles, states the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India, "Overall, it is believed that more than 82% of the population of Seychelles has some Indian roots. Many local shops cater to the needs of the Diaspora by stocking Indian consumer items. The community has established a Hindu temple that is run by the Hindu Kovil Sangam. There is also here an Indo-Seychelles Friendship Association and a Hindu Council of Seychelles".
# Els Pirineus

Els Pirineus (in Spanish: Los Pirineos; in English: The Pyrenees) is an opera in three acts and a prologue with music by Felipe Pedrell and libretto based on the trilogy Els Pirineus (The Pyrenees) by Víctor Balaguer (1892). It premiered, in Italian, on January 4, 1902, at the Gran Teatro del Liceo.
In Spain, musical nationalism appeared during the 19th century as a reaction to German and Italian romanticism, which conditioned European opera. Felipe Pedrell led the efforts to achieve a Spanish opera, a task in which he was seconded by Ruperto Chapí and Tomás Bretón, among others. After the success of the revival of his Italian-language work L'ultimo abenzeraggio (in English: The Last Abencerrage) in 1889, the composer from Tortosa received numerous incentives to return to composing operas. Pedrell intended to reply to Bretón's opera Lovers of Teruel.
The opera was conceived from the beginning as a tragedy that Balaguer wrote in the Casa de Santa Teresa, his residence, next to the current Víctor Balaguer Museum-Library in Villanueva y Geltrú. Pedrell, for his part, began to work on the composition of the opera in 1890, and while he was shaping what would become the first two acts, Balaguer expanded his work on Albigensians, troubadours, and inquisitors with what would become the prologue and third act of the opera. Within months, Pedrell outlined the idea of the trilogy with a prologue, perhaps because of certain affinities with the Wagnerian tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen (in English: The Ring of the Nibelung), but with the intention of reforming lyric drama and creating a Hispanic lyric school. The Wagnerian character of the score is not so evident, or at least so exclusive, as one can also trace the influences of the Italian composers of the time as well as the French grand opéra.

## Interpretations

Balaguer had to content himself during his lifetime with hearing some fragments of the opera: the prologue composed by Pedrell was presented in Venice in March 1897 (on the 12th, 14th and 17th), and it would not be until a year after his death, in January 1902, when the work would be premiered in its entirety at the Gran Teatro del Liceo in the Italian version, with figurines made by Apel-les Mestres.
The Liceu recovered some fragments in the concert Els hereus de la Renaixença (in English: The Heirs of the Renaissance) of the 1999-2000 season and re-released a complete version on February 17th and 19th of 2003, according to a revision by Edmon Colomer and Francesc Cortés, recovering the archaisms of the original libretto in Catalan, and that counted with Ofelia Sala, Ángeles Blancas, Vicente Ombuena, Marina Rodríguez Cusí, and Stefano Palatchi in the cast.
# PREVOTS

The Reporting Platform and Voluntary Network of Severe Storm Observers, usually called PREVOTS, is a Brazilian group of meteorologists, which aims to improve documentation, research and forecasting of severe weather in Brazil. It began in June 2018 and is a combination of the Storm Observers Voluntary Network (REVOT) from the Federal University of Santa Maria and the Severe Weather Reporting Platform (PRETS). PREVOTS is also a partner in an international collaboration that reports severe weather events in South America, the SAMHI.
# Arthur Charles (judge)

Sir Arthur Charles (23 January 1839 – 20 November 1921) was a British lawyer and High Court judge. A distinguished ecclesiastical lawyer, Charles is today best remembered for presiding over the first trial of Oscar Wilde for gross indecency.

## Early life and career

Charles was educated at University College School and University College London, where he read Mathematics. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1862. He began his career as a law reporter, reporting on the Court of Exchequer.
His career at the bar was associated with ecclesiastical cases. As a junior, he appeared in many cases concerning ritualist controversies. In 1868, he appeared as a junior for Mr Charles, who was being tried in the Arches Court with Alexander Mackonochie for ritual practices, and remained involved with subsequent litigation. In 1874, he defended Mackonochie on new charges. Mackonochie subsequently refused to obey the order which Arches Court made against him, leading to his suspension for three years. Charles applied to the Queen's Bench Division for a writ of prohibition against the Arches Court on the grounds the latter had exceeded its authority: the application was denied by Cockburn CJ and Mellor J, against the dissent of Lush J.
Charles became a Queen's Counsel in 1877, and unsuccessfully contested the London University constituency as a Conservative in 1880. He was Recorder of Bath between 1878–87, Chancellor of Southwell Diocese between 1884–87, Commissary of Westminster between 1884–87.

## Judicial career

He was appointed a Justice of the High Court of Justice in 1887 and assigned to the Queen's Bench Division, receiving the customary knighthood. In April 1895, Oscar Wilde was tried for sodomy and gross indecency for the first time before him. H. Montgomery Hyde described Charles' summing-up as "a fine example of judicial impartiality", although others were more critical. In the end, the jury was unable to agree, and Wilde was tried again and convicted the following month before Mr Justice Wills.
He resigned in 1897 for health reasons and was sworn of the Privy Council, but did not sit on the Judicial Committee. In 1899 he became Dean of the Arches, Master of the Faculties, and Auditor of the Chancery Court of York, succeeding to Lord Penzance, in front of whom Charles had often appeared at the bar. After the ritualist controversies of previous decades, Charles presided over the ecclesiastical courts during a period of relative quiet. He retired in 1903.

## Family

Charles married Rachel Christian, daughter of T. D. Newton, in 1866; they had three sons and a daughter. His son Sir Ernest Bruce Charles also became a High Court judge.
# Frąca, Gmina Smętowo Graniczne

Frąca is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Smętowo Graniczne, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Smętowo Graniczne, 29 km (18 mi) south of Starogard Gdański, and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Top Gear series 33

Series 33 of Top Gear, a British motoring magazine and factual television programme. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One and BBC One HD between 30 October 2022 and 18 December 2022. It was the seventh series to feature the presenting line-up of Chris Harris, Paddy McGuinness, and Freddie Flintoff, the fifth to be broadcast on BBC One, and the first series to be produced in Bristol. As of January 2025 this is the last series of Top Gear to air due to production indefinitely going on hiatus due to presenter Freddie Flintoff being injured whilst filming for the planned 34th series.

## Episodes

| No. overall | No. in series | Reviews | Features/challenges | Original release date | UK viewers (millions) |
| 236 | 1 | Rimac Nevera | Road trip across Thailand in old pickup trucks (Toyota Hilux • Isuzu D-Max • BMW E30) | 30 October 2022 (2022-10-30) | 4.86 |
| 237 | 2 | None | Supercars on the German autobahn (Ferrari 296 GTB • Porsche 718 Cayman GT4 RS • Pagani Huayra Roadster BC) • Treasure hunt around Paris in microcars (Citroen Ami • Carver • City Transformer) | 6 November 2022 (2022-11-06) | 4.49 |
| 238 | 3 | Mercedes-AMG ONE • Range Rover | F1 stock car racing | 13 November 2022 (2022-11-13) | 4.57 |
| 239 | 4 | Honda Civic Type-R • Peugeot 205 GTI | Team Top Gear at the GT Cup | 20 November 2022 (2022-11-20) | 4.40 |
| 240 | 5 | Ferrari Daytona SP3 | Best delivery van for less than £3000 (Ford Transit • Vauxhall Astra • Volkswagen Caddy) • Best family car to buy today | 18 December 2022 (2022-12-18) | 3.59 |
# Jorginho (footballer, born June 1998)

Ricardo Jorge Silva Araújo (born 27 June 1998), also known as Jorginho, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Czech First League club Dukla Prague.

## Club career

After playing in his native Portugal for Benfica B, Famalicão and Sporting da Covilhã, Jorginho moved to Finland in July 2023 after signing with Ilves in the country's top tier Veikkausliiga. On 31 October 2024, it was reported that Jorginho would leave Ilves. During one-and-a-half seasons he spent with the club, he made 42 appearances, scored three goals and provided 12 assists in all competitions combined. He also won the 2023 Finnish Cup with Ilves, and they finished as the Veikkausliiga runners-up in the 2024 season.
On 13 November 2024, Jorginho signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with Czech First League club Dukla Prague as a free agent, joining the club in January 2025.

## Career statistics

    As of 16 February 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Benfica B | 2016–17 | LigaPro | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Benfica B | 2017–18 | LigaPro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Benfica B | 2018–19 | LigaPro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Benfica B | 2019–20 | LigaPro | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Benfica B | Total | Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Famalicão | 2020–21 | Primeira Liga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Sporting da Covilhã | 2022–23 | Liga Portugal 2 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 | 27 | 0 |
| Ilves | 2023 | Veikkausliiga | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2 |
| Ilves | 2024 | Veikkausliiga | 20 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 30 | 1 |
| Ilves | Total | Total | 30 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 42 | 3 |
| Dukla Prague | 2024–25 | Czech First League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 56 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 72 | 3 |
* ↑ Includes Taça de Portugal and Suomen Cup
* ↑ Includes Taça da Liga
* ↑ Includes UEFA Conference League
* ↑ Includes Finnish League Cup

## Honours

Benfica
* UEFA Youth League runner-up: 2016–17
Ilves
* Finnish Cup: 2023
* Veikkausliiga runner-up: 2024
# Matt Rodgers

Matt Rodgers (born January 8, 1969) is an American former football quarterback who played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes from 1988 to 1991. He won the Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year award in 1990.

## Early life and education

Rodgers was a three-sport star at Walpole High School in Massachusetts. His father, Jimmy Rodgers, later became the head coach of the Boston Celtics and Minnesota Timberwolves. Jimmy Rodgers was named the MVP of the Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team in 1964 and 1965. Rodgers took a recruiting trip to Iowa at his father’s request, and he wound up committing to Coach Hayden Fry and the Hawkeyes.

## Career

Rodgers’ career at Iowa got off to a rocky start. His only pass as a freshman in 1988 was intercepted on a fake field goal, and in 1989 the Hawkeyes missed a bowl game for the first time in nine years. As a junior in 1990, Rodgers threw for 2,228 yards and 15 touchdowns while running for nine more touchdowns. He helped lead Iowa to the Big Ten title and a berth in the 1991 Rose Bowl. Rodgers was named the Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year along with his teammate, Nick Bell. In the Rose Bowl, Rodgers threw for a touchdown and ran for two more touchdowns in a 46-34 loss to Washington.
In 1991, Rodgers was the first team All-Big Ten quarterback for the second straight year. Despite missing two games with a knee injury, he threw for 2,275 yards and 14 touchdowns. Rodgers helped lead Iowa to a 10-1-1 record in his senior season, and Iowa finished the year in the top ten in the final national rankings.
He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the 12th round of the 1992 NFL draft.
# Upton Park tube station

Upton Park is a London Underground station on Green Street in the Upton Park area of the London Borough of Newham, east London. It is served by the District and Hammersmith & City lines between Plaistow and East Ham stations. It is located in Zone 3.
The station was opened by the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LTSR) in 1877. District line service began in 1902, and the Hammersmith & City (at that time the Metropolitan line) followed in 1936. LTSR services were withdrawn in 1962. The station has two working platforms, one for each direction. Two other platforms used to serve the LTSR but are now disused.
Nowadays, the station serves Queens Road Market and Green Street.

## History

Upton Park was the first station on the LT&SR to be built by a property developer. Read was a developer who proposed the station and given approval designed and built a two platform station between the houses of Queen's Road and Harold Road. The station fronted Queen's Square on the corner of Green Street and Queen's Road opened in September 1877. The building was demolished in 1903/04 when the line was quadrupled and the present station was constructed.
Upton Park tube station appears in the English slang term, "He/She is Upton Park - two stops short of Barking", indicating that the individual in question is slightly mad.

## Services

The service frequency is 15 services per hour on the District line and 6 services per hour on the Hammersmith & City line.
| Preceding station | London Underground | Following station |
| Plaistowtowards Hammersmith | Hammersmith & City line | East Hamtowards Barking |
| Plaistowtowards Wimbledon, Richmond or Ealing Broadway | District line | East Hamtowards Upminster |
| Former services |||||
| Plaistowtowards Hammersmith | Metropolitan lineHammersmith branch (1936–1990) | East Hamtowards Barking |
| Historical railways |||||
| Plaistow | British Rail Eastern Region London, Tilbury and Southend line | East Ham |

## Connections

London Buses routes 58, 104, 330 and 376 serve the station.

## Facilities

There are two ticket office windows, two touch screen ticket machines, and three of the more traditional coin-only button machines.
At present there are no lifts at the station for disabled access, nor are there plans to install any.

## Trivia

* The station previously served as the local station for the Boleyn Ground, the home ground of West Ham United football club. However, this changed when in Summer 2016, West Ham United moved to the Olympic Stadium.

## Gallery

* Side entrance
* Eastbound platform looking east towards Upminster
* Ticket office
* Station platform roundel
# Hamgyong campaign

The Hamgyong campaign, also known as Katō Kiyomasa's northern campaign, was Katō Kiyomasa's invasion of the northeastern Korean province of Hamgyeong during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598). The campaign was largely due to the help of Korean defectors who also handed over to the Japanese their princes Sunhwa and Imhae. The Japanese reached the northeastern edge of Hamgyeong, crossed the Duman River, and attacked the Orangai Jurchens from Manchuria, but met with heavy resistance. Katō returned south and took up residence in Anbyeon while Nabeshima Naoshige headquartered in Gilju. By winter local resistance began pushing back at Japanese occupation and laid siege to Gilju.

## Campaign

Katō Kiyomasa and Nabeshima Naoshige invaded Hamgyeong with a force of 20,000 following the taking of Gaeseong.
Both the South Army Commander and provincial governor of Hamgyeong fled without any resistance.
The Japanese met their first real resistance at Haejungchang, a warehouse near Gilju. The North Army Commander Han Gukham led an attack on the Japanese and forced them to take shelter in the warehouse. He then advanced on their position but was unable to take the fortified warehouse in the face of massed gunfire. They retreated into a nearby mountain cave where they would later be caught in an ambush by the Japanese that night. The Japanese fired on them and once they panicked, went in and cut them down. Han Guknam managed to escape only to be caught by Korean defectors who handed him over to the Japanese.
Katō marched further north and was received by Korean defectors who handed over the two Korean princes, Prince Imhae and Prince Sunhwa. Katō then crossed the Duman River with 8,000 troops and 3,000 Korean defectors into the territory of the Orangai Jurchens. He proceeded to take a relatively undefended fortress. The next day nearly 10,000 Jurchens attacked the Japanese but withdrew after a heavy downpour started blowing in their direction. Katō quickly retreated back across the Duman River and south to Anbyeon where he wrote back to Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
# Roberto Puno

Roberto Villanueva Puno (born March 27, 1962), commonly known as Robbie Puno, is a Filipino politician currently serving as a Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines since July 25, 2022. A member of the National Unity Party (NUP), he represents the 1st District of Antipolo in the House of Representatives. He has held this position for multiple terms, serving from 2007 to 2016 and again from 2019 to the present.
Puno is also known for his advocacy for Philippine basketball, playing a significant role in the country's hosting of the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup.

## Early life and family

Roberto Villanueva Puno was born on March 27, 1962, in Antipolo, Rizal, Philippines. He is the son of former Justice Secretary and Member of Parliament Ricardo Concepcion Puno and Priscilla Villanueva Puno.
He comes from a prominent political family. His siblings include former Press Secretary Ricardo "Dong" Puno Jr., Regis V. Puno, Roderico V. Puno, Renato "Rene" V. Puno, former Interior Secretary Ronaldo "Ronnie" Puno, and Roselle "Sela" Puno-Mapa.

## Political career

Puno first entered the House of Representatives in 2007, representing Antipolo's 1st District. He served until 2016 and was succeeded by his wife, Chiqui Roa-Puno. He returned to Congress in 2019 and has since been re-elected. During his tenure, he has held key positions, including Deputy Speaker under Speakers Alan Peter Cayetano, Lord Allan Velasco, and Martin Romualdez.

## Personal life

Puno is married to Cristina "Chiqui" Roa-Puno, who also served as Representative of Antipolo’s 1st District.
Beyond politics, he is an avid basketball enthusiast and has actively worked to promote the sport in the country. His efforts were instrumental in securing the Philippines' role as a host nation for the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup.