OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A1B reactor

The A1B reactor is developed by the United States Navy for the Gerald R. Ford-class nuclear-powered aircraft carriers. Each ship will be powered by two A1B reactors. The new reactor was named A1B, following the Navy's reactor-designation scheme of type, generation, and manufacturer: A for aircraft carrier, 1 for the maker's first reactor plant design, and B for Bechtel, the company making the reactor.
As Navy planners developed requirements for the Gerald R. Ford class, they concluded that the A4W reactors that powered the previous Nimitz-class aircraft carriers offer too little power for current and anticipated future shipboard needs, and decided to commission a new reactor design from Bechtel Corporation, which has "performed engineering and/or construction services on more than 80 percent of [land-based] nuclear plants in the United States." The A1B reactor is more efficient, more adaptable, smaller, and lighter than the A4W design. It also has improved operator interfaces.
Nuclear reactors power aircraft carriers by the fission of enriched uranium to boil water, causing turbines to turn and generate electricity. This process is largely the same as in land-based nuclear power stations, but with one notable difference. Naval reactors directly use turboshaft power for turning the ship's screws. Over decades of development several other design differences have emerged between naval reactors and the usually much larger power station reactors.
It is estimated that the thermal power output of each A1B will be around 700 MW$_{th}$, some 25% more than provided by the A4W. Improved efficiency in the total plant is expected to provide improved output to both propulsion and electrical systems. Using A4W data with a 25% increase in thermal power, the A1B reactors are likely to produce enough steam to generate 125 megawatts (168,000 hp) of electricity, plus 350,000 shaft horsepower (260 MW) from just one reactor to power the four propeller shafts.
The greater electrical generation capacity will allow for elimination of service steam on the ship, reducing staffing requirements for maintenance. In addition, the use of electromagnetic aircraft catapults (EMALS) will free the ship's air wing from the constraints of pressurized steam, used aboard the Nimitz-class carriers.
# Parallel state

The "parallel state" is a term coined by American historian Robert Paxton to describe a collection of organizations or institutions that are state-like in their organization, management and structure, but are not officially part of the legitimate state or government. They serve primarily to promote the prevailing political and social ideology of the state.
The parallel state differs from the more commonly used "state within a state" in that they are usually endorsed by the prevailing political elite of a country, while the "state within a state" is a pejorative term to describe state-like institutions that operate without the consent of and even to the detriment to the authority of an established state (such as churches and religious institutions or secret societies with their own laws and court systems).
Parallel states are common in totalitarian societies, such as Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Soviet Union. Organizations usually associated with the idea of a Parallel state include political parties, unions, intelligence agencies, and militaries.

## Use of the term in Turkey

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has used the term "parallel state" (or "parallel structure") to describe followers of Fethullah Gülen who occupy senior bureaucratic and judicial positions, which have been accused of attempting to bring down Erdoğan's government. This is in contrast to the meaning of the term initially coined by Paxton, and instead resembles the term "state within a state." Gülen's Cemaat movement, which has a large presence within Turkey, has allegedly been involved in limiting the power of the Turkish Armed Forces through the Ergenekon trials and the Sledgehammer case while allied with Erdoğan. Following the 2013–14 protests against Erdoğan's government, the Cemaat Movement turned against Erdoğan, who thereupon labelled them as a "parallel state." Erdoğan has blamed Gülen's followers on orchestrating the 2013 government corruption scandal, as well as the 2016 coup attempt.

## 'Parallel States' academic studies

"Parallel States" is also a study into the possibility of uniting one country while giving them two states parallel to each other in power and representation; both those states would however be compliant to one central-authority. This study was also suggested as a corner-stone for possible peace scenarios in war torn countries. One such example is the "Parallel States Project", hosted at Lund University, which seeks to explore the potential for a "Parallel States" approach to proposing a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian issue.
# Kenai Peninsula

The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska. The name Kenai (/ˈkiːnaɪ/, KEE-ny) is derived from the word "Kenaitze" or "Kenaitze Indian Tribe", the name of the Native Athabascan Alaskan tribe, the Kahtnuht’ana Dena’ina ("People along the Kahtnu (Kenai River)"), who historically inhabited the area. They called the Kenai Peninsula Yaghanen ("the good land").

## Geography

The peninsula extends about 150 miles (240 km) southwest from the Chugach Mountains, south of Anchorage. It is separated from the mainland on the west by Cook Inlet and on the east by Prince William Sound. Most of the peninsula is part of the Kenai Peninsula Borough. Athabaskan and Alutiiq Native groups lived on the peninsula for thousands of years prior to colonization during the Russian America era.
The glacier-covered Kenai Mountains run along the southeast spine of the peninsula along the coast of the Gulf of Alaska. Much of the range is within Kenai Fjords National Park. The northwest coast along the Cook Inlet is flatter, dotted with numerous small lakes. Several larger lakes extend through the interior of the peninsula, including Skilak Lake and Tustumena Lake. Rivers include the Kenai River, renowned for king salmon fishing, and its tributary, the Russian River, the Kasilof River, and the Anchor River. Kachemak Bay, an inlet off the larger Cook Inlet, extends into the peninsula's southwest end, much of which is part of Kachemak Bay State Park.
It is home to both the Sargent Icefield and Harding Icefields and the numerous glaciers assosciated with them, including Tustumena Glacier, Exit Glacier, and McCarty Glacier.

## Towns and cities

The peninsula includes several of the most populous towns in Southcentral Alaska, including Seward on the Gulf of Alaska Coast, Soldotna, Kenai, Sterling, and Cooper Landing along the Cook Inlet and Kenai River, and Homer, along Kachemak Bay, along with numerous smaller villages and settlements.

## Transportation

Homer marks the terminus of the paved highway system of North America, while nearby Anchor Point is the most westerly point on the contiguous highway system. Seward is the southern terminus of the Alaska Railroad. The Seward Highway connects Seward to Anchorage, while the Sterling Highway connects the large population centers to the Seward Highway. The Kenai Spur Highway connects Soldotna, Kenai, Nikiski and Captain Cook State Recreation Area,
Commercial airports with service to Anchorage are located in Kenai and Homer. Smaller airports are located in Soldotna, Seward, and Seldovia.
The Alaska Marine Highway services Homer and Seldovia. Seward is a major cruise ship port.

## Natural resources and economy

The peninsula also has natural gas, petroleum, and coal deposits, as well as abundant commercial and personal-use fisheries. Tourism is a major industry, along with outfitting and guiding services for hunters and fishers. The Kenai Peninsula is known as "Alaska's Playground". Kenai National Wildlife Refuge encompasses nearly two million acres of the peninsula.
# WSOS-FM

WSOS-FM (94.1 MHz) is commercial radio station that broadcasts to the Jacksonville, Florida area. The station is licensed in Fruit Cove to Norsan Media. It airs a Spanish tropical format exclusive on WSOS-FM.
The signal covers the southern parts of the Jacksonville metropolitan area and the studios are in the Southside district of Jacksonville with the transmitter tower in Fruit Cove.

## History

WSOS-FM went on the air on 105.5 MHz as WMKM, licensed to St. Augustine, Florida. Its original construction permit was filed on August 10, 1981. WMKM changed callsigns on March 19, 1985 to WSOS, and on September 3, 2002, the station became WSOS-FM with the acquisition of WKLN (which took the WSOS callsign). By the time WSOS-FM was sold to Renda Broadcasting in 2005, it was running an adult contemporary format as "The Muuusic Station". Under Renda's ownership, the community of license was changed from St. Augustine to Fruit Cove, to better serve the Jacksonville market. The signal still originated in St. Augustine until March 9, 2011, when it switched formats from soft adult contemporary to classic rock. On April 5, 2016, WSOS-FM changed their format from a simulcast of contemporary Christian-formatted WMUV to a simulcast of talk-formatted WBOB. On May 23, 2018, WSOS-FM switched from the WBOB simulcast to a simulcast of classic country-formatted WYKB, branded as "Jax Country". In January 2020, Jax Country became exclusive to WSOS-FM.
On November 26, 2024, it was announced that Chesapeake-Portsmouth Broadcasting would be selling WSOS-FM to Norsan Media. As part of this deal, the Classic country format would permanently move to 100.3 W262AG and WMUV-HD2. This will make WSOS-FM the sixth station in the Jacksonville market to be owned by Norsan Media. In mid-December 2024, WSOS-FM flipped to Spanish tropical under the branding "Kaliente 94.1".
# Re Selectmove Ltd

In re Selectmove Ltd [1993] EWCA Civ 8 is an English contract law case concerning the legal doctrine of consideration and partial payment of a debt.

## Facts

Selectmove Ltd owed the Inland Revenue substantial sums in outstanding tax and national insurance. The managing director, Mr ffooks, met Mr Polland from the Inland Revenue and said he would pay future tax as it fell due and the arrears at £1,000 a month. Mr Polland said he would have to check and would contact the managing director if it was unacceptable. Selectmove Ltd heard nothing until a £25,650 notice came in and a threat of a wind-up petition. Mr ffooks subsequently claimed that the Revenue had said he could repay less. The High Court held that even if that were found to be true, Mr Polland had not bound the Revenue, and there was no consideration for the varied agreement anyway.

## Judgment

Peter Gibson LJ (Stuart-Smith and Balcombe LJJ concurring) observed that Foakes v Beer precluded any variation of the agreement to repay the debt without good consideration, despite the recent decision in Williams v Roffey Bros Ltd. Peter Gibson LJ stated that ‘it is clear… that a practical benefit of that nature is not good consideration in law’. As his Lordship put it, in forceful language,
   if the principle of Williams v Roffey Bros Ltd is to be extended to an obligation to make payment, it would in effect leave the principle in Foakes v Beer without any application. When a creditor and a debtor who are at arm's length reach agreement on the payment of the debt by instalments to accommodate the debtor, the creditor will no doubt always see a practical benefit to himself in so doing. In the absence of authority there would be much to be said for the enforceability of such a contract. But that was a matter expressly considered in Foakes v Beer yet held not to constitute good consideration in law. Foakes v Beer was not even referred to in Williams v Roffey Bros Ltd, and it is in my judgment impossible, consistently with the doctrine of precedent, for this court to extend the principle of Williams's case to any circumstances governed by the principle of Foakes v Beer. If that extension is to be made, it must be by the House of Lords or, perhaps even more appropriately, by Parliament after consideration by the Law Commission.
# Zach Fishwick

Zach Fishwick (born 9 March 2005) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for Hunslet RLFC, on loan from Hull KR in the Super League.

## Playing career
### Hull KR

In 2022 Fishwick made his Hull KR début in the Super League against Hull F.C.

### Featherstone Rovers (DR loan)

On 8 March 2024 it was reported that he had signed for Featherstone Rovers in the RFL Championship on DR loan from Hull KR.

### Hunslet R.L.F.C. (loan)

On 12 February 2025 it was reported that he had signed for Hunslet RLFC in the RFL Championship on short-term 2-week loan from Hull KR.
# Between a rock and a hard place

Between a rock and a hard place, or simply a rock and a hard place, is an expression meaning having to choose between two or more difficult options. It may also refer to:

## Literature

* A Rock and a Hard Place, a 1988 Vietnam War novel by David Sherman
* A Rock and a Hard Place: One Boy's Triumphant Story, a 1993 memoir supposedly by Anthony Godby Johnson, considered to be a literary hoax
* Between a Rock and a Hard Place (book), a 2004 autobiography by Aron Ralston

## Music

* Between a Rock and a Hard Place (Australian Crawl album), 1985
* Between a Rock and a Hard Place (Artifacts album), 1994
* A Rock and a Hard Place, a song by Sisters of Mercy from their 1985 album First and Last and Always
* "Rock and a Hard Place", a 1989 single by the Rolling Stones
* "(Between a) Rock and a Hard Place", a song by Cutting Crew from their 1989 album The Scattering
* "Rock and a Hard Place" (Bailey Zimmerman song), a 2022 song by Bailey Zimmerman

## Television

* "A Rock and a Hard Place", a 1997 episode of Hercules: The Legendary Journeys
* "Between a Rock and a Hard Place", a 2009 episode of Make It or Break It
* "Rock and a Hard Place", a 2013 episode of Supernatural
* "Rock and Hard Place", a 2022 episode of Better Call Saul
* "A Rock and a Hard Place", a 1980 episode of the Incredible Hulk live-action series with Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno.
# Cuca Records

Cuca Records was an American independent record label, of Sauk City, Wisconsin, United States, founded by James Kirchstein in 1959 and actively producing LP and 45 rpm recordings until the early 1970s. During this period, Cuca recorded and released primarily polka and ethnic music on LP but also issued other musical styles, including pop, rhythm and blues, folk, and traditional jazz. Most musicians recorded by Cuca were from Wisconsin or adjacent states. Consequently, Cuca's recorded documents represent a focused view of Wisconsin musical performance during these years.
The Cuca studios recorded performers for commercial release on other popular record labels, as well. Its recording of "Mule Skinner Blues" by The Fendermen (Cuca 1003, rereleased as a 45 rpm on the Soma label) rose to number five on the Billboard charts in 1960 and sold over a million copies, and its recording of Birdlegs and Pauline's tune, "Spring" (Cuca 1125, re-released on the Vee-Jay label) rose to number 18 on the rhythm and blues chart. Other musicians recorded by Cuca include bluesman Earl Hooker, the pop group Corporation, country musician Pee Wee King, and jazz musician Doc DeHaven. Cuca, which adopted the slogan "World's Largest Line of Old Time Music," is known for the host of polka and ethnic musicians it recorded including Alvin Styczynski, Verne Meisner, Syl Liebl, the Goose Island Ramblers, John Check, Jerry Goetsch, Roger Bright, and the Edelweiss Stars.
Citation Records was founded as a division of Cuca. It signed Paul Stefen and the Royal Lancers, who achieved local success with many of their singles, including their cover of The Crickets' "I Fought the Law".
The Cuca Records Collection forms part of the Wisconsin Music Archives, a non-circulating special collection in the Mills Music Library at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
# WJXR

WJXR (92.1 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Macclenny, Florida, and serving the Jacksonville metropolitan area. The station is owned by Norberto Sanchez, through licensee Norsan WJXR, LLC. It airs a Spanish language tropical music radio format.
WJXR is a Class C3 station. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 25,000 watts. The transmitter is in southwest Jacksonville, off U.S. Route 90.

## History
### WBKF Shark Country

The station signed on the air in September 1978; 46 years ago (1978-09). Its original call sign was WBKF. It was owned by Woodrow W. Rhoden and it had studios at 336 West Macclenny Avenue in Macclenny. It aired a country music format and used the Associated Press for its news coverage. The station was Class A, powered at 3,000 watts, a fraction of its current output. In 1984, it switched its call letters to WJXR to represent "Jacksonville Radio".
The station's moniker was "Shark Country." The station logo was a shark dressed as a cowboy. WBKF had a mascot, a chihuahua named Delia Diamonique, which would appear at remote broadcasts.
In 1985, the station was bought by Sarah and Gregory Perch, calling their company WJXR, Incorporated. At first, it continued its country format, adding the ABC Directions Network for its news coverage. Perch was its general manager and program director. But then it began a new programming concept.

### WJXR The Bargain Channel

The bulk of the station's airtime was devoted to "The Bargain Channel" program, which consisted of broadcasting cut-rate prices on a wide variety of items. The show was similar to the "Trading Post"-type programs that was the genesis of cable shopping channels like the Home Shopping Network.
As The Bargain Channel its popularity rested, in part, on the personalities of the hosts and the matchless scope of the items being sold. For example, the Bargain Channel marketed large quantities of batteries, "miscellaneous" meats, tiger's eye men's rings, and burlap sacks. Many of the products on WJXR were sold in randomly matched packages, such as four packs of miscellaneous chicken combined with a 2-person vacation to either Disney World or Sea World Orlando for only $109. These packages are known as "deals". Callers will often purchase items by saying "I want two deals of batteries" or "can I get two deals of the pizza pans??"
The station's call letters were often used by hosts to greet callers. Due to their often Southern accents, hosts habitually pronounced the letters as the now-signature "Dubjexar?". Another popular caller greeting was "Welcome to the Bargain Channel," with "tothebarginchannel" slurred together in a humorous fashion.
On December 31, 2014 at 10:00 pm ET, the station flipped the format to Spanish tropical, simulcasting co-owned WEWC 1160 AM.
# Maximilian Steinlechner

Maximilian Steinlechner (born 22 November 1999) is an Austrian professional golfer and Challenge Tour player. He won the Mediclinic Invitational on the 2024–25 Sunshine Tour.

## Early life and amateur career

Steinlechner was born in Innsbruck and became the number one ranked amateur in Austria after he won the Austrian Boys Stroke Play Championship three consecutive years between 2015 and 2017. In 2017, he also won both the Austrian Stroke Play Championship and the Austrian International Amateur. He tied for 3rd at the 2019 European Amateur behind Matthias Schmid and Euan Walker.
He was a member of the National Team and played for Austria at the European Boys' Team Championship, the European Amateur Team Championship and the Eisenhower Trophy, and represented the Continent of Europe at the 2022 St Andrews Trophy.
Steinlechner attended North Carolina State University between 2019 and 2023. He played golf with the NC State Wolfpack men's golf team and was named Honorable Mention All-American, and to the All-Region and All-ACC teams.

## Professional career

Steinlechner turned professional in June 2023 and joined the Challenge Tour, where his best finish in his rookie campaign was a tie for fifth at the Vierumäki Finnish Challenge.
In 2024, he tied for 3rd at the Euram Bank Open, and also made a few starts on the Alps Tour, where he was runner-up at the Alps de Las Castillas and won the Gösser Open.
In January 2025, he birdied the final hole to win the Mediclinic Invitational on the Sunshine Tour, one ahead of Daniel van Tonder.

## Amateur wins

* 2015 Austrian Boys Stroke Play Championship
* 2016 Austrian Boys Stroke Play Championship
* 2017 Austrian Boys Stroke Play Championship, Austrian Stroke Play Championship, Austrian International Amateur
Source:

## Professional wins (2)
### Sunshine Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 19 Jan 2025 | Mediclinic Invitational | −24 (64-65-65-66=260) | 1 stroke | Daniel van Tonder |

### Alps Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 19 May 2024 | Gösser Open | −15 (64-69-68=201) | Playoff | Asier Aguirre Izcue |

## Team appearances

Amateur
* European Boys' Team Championship (representing Austria): 2016, 2017
* European Amateur Team Championship (representing Austria): 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022
* Eisenhower Trophy (representing Austria): 2018, 2022
* St Andrews Trophy (representing the Continent of Europe): 2022
Source:
# Alfredo Ruano

Alfredo Salomón Ruano Safie (14 October 1932 – 18 July 1987) was a football player from El Salvador who played as a forward.

## Club career

Ruano was part of the successful Alianza team of the early 1960s when he played alongside Salvador Mariona and Roberto Rivas among others.

## International career

Nicknamed Baiza, Alfredo Ruano participated in many tournaments throughout his career with El Salvador, such as the CCCF Championship, CONCACAF Championship, and Central American and Caribbean Games. He played in the 1954 Central American and Caribbean Games winning team alongside other Salvadoran football greats as Juan Francisco Barraza.

## Personal life

Alfredo was married to Nora Elizabeth Guerra de Ruano and they had 4 children named Mario Alfredo Ruano Guerra, Ana Maria Ruano Guerra, Juan Carlos Alberto Ruano Guerra, and Nora Elizabeth Ruano Guerra. He was the founder and business owner of Baiza Ruano Deportes in San Salvador, El Salvador. Baiza was also the father-in-law of another Salvadoran legend: Mágico González. His grandson Rodrigo González, who is the son of Mágico, later also played for Atlético Marte.

## Death

in 1987, Ruano collapsed while playing park football at Colonia Amatepec, he later passed away, it was suggested it was either a heart attack or heart congestion.
# Gail Skofronick Jackson

Gail Skofronick Jackson from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to microwave remote sensing of snow. She died in 2021.