# Susan C. Lee

Susan Clair Lee (Chinese: 李鳳遷; pinyin: Lǐ Fèngqiān; born May 14, 1954) is an American politician. She has served as the 72nd Maryland Secretary of State since 2023. She was a member of the Maryland State Senate from 2015 to 2023, and of the Maryland House of Delegates from 2002 to 2015. She represented District 16, covering parts of Montgomery County, and was the first Asian American elected to the Maryland State Senate, as well as the first Asian American woman and first Chinese American elected to the Maryland legislature.

## Early life and education

Lee was born in San Antonio, Texas. She grew up in Montgomery County and attended Winston Churchill High School. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Maryland College Park before graduating from the University of San Francisco School of Law. She is a member of the District of Columbia Bar and the California State Bar. Before becoming a state legislator, Lee was an attorney in private practice, having previously worked as an attorney for the United States Commission on Civil Rights and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. She was also co-chairwoman of the Montgomery County NAACP Multicultural Community Partnership.

## Maryland legislature

On February 19, 2002, Governor Parris Glendening appointed Lee to the Maryland House of Delegates following the election of Nancy Kopp as Treasurer of Maryland. This appointment came after a recommendation by the Montgomery County Democratic Central Committee, on which she sat. She was sworn in on February 21 and was subsequently elected to her first full term in 2002. She was re-elected in 2006 and 2010.
In August 2013, Lee announced that she would run for the Maryland Senate, seeking to succeed state senator Brian Frosh, who ran for Attorney General of Maryland in 2014. She won the Democratic primary with 85.1 percent of the vote, and later won the general election with 70 percent of the vote. Lee was sworn into the Maryland Senate on January 14, 2015. Since November 2018, she has served as the Senate majority whip.

### Committee assignments
#### Maryland House of Delegates

* Member, Judiciary Committee, 2002–2015 (member, gaming law & enforcement subcommittee, 2002–2003; civil law & procedure subcommittee, 2003–2006; chair, juvenile law subcommittee, 2007–2011; chair, family law subcommittee, 2011–2015)
* Deputy Majority Whip, 2003–2015
* Member, Joint Committee on Access to Mental Health Services, 2011–2014

#### Maryland Senate

* Majority Whip, 2019–2023
* Deputy Majority Whip, 2017–2018
* Member, Judicial Proceedings Committee, 2015–2023
* Joint Committee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Biotechnology, 2015–2023
* Executive Nominations Committee, 2019–2023
* Legislative Policy Committee, 2020–2023

## Maryland Secretary of State

On January 10, 2023, Governor-elect Wes Moore named Lee to serve as the Maryland Secretary of State. She took office in an acting position on January 18, and is the first Asian American person to serve as the Maryland Secretary of State. On February 14, the Maryland Senate unanimously approved Lee's nomination.
In September 2023, Lee said that her office would consider removing former President Donald Trump from the primary election ballot under the Fourteenth Amendment. She ultimately decided against excluding Trump. Lee was an at-large delegate to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, pledged to Kamala Harris.

## Political positions
### COVID-19 pandemic

Between late May and June 2020, Lee virtually met four times with representatives from the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services, the Maryland Department of Juvenile Services, and the Maryland Judiciary. These meetings resulted in the Senate Judicial Proceedings Committee releasing a report with 19 recommendations to help the state's correctional systems navigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
In March 2021, Lee rebuked disparaging statements made by former president Donald Trump regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, in which phrases like "Kung Flu" and the "China virus" stoked racism toward Asian communities. Later that month, after CNN aired a clip showing senior Hogan health advisor and then-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention director Robert R. Redfield saying he believed the COVID-19 virus "escaped" from a lab in China in September or October 2019, Lee took to the floor of the Maryland Senate to condemn Redfield's comments and suggested that Asian-Americans could be targeted because of his remarks.

### Crime and policing

During the 2020 legislative session, Lee introduced a bill that would require prosecutors to disclose whether facial recognition or DNA profiling were used during the criminal investigation of a case. The bill was withdrawn after its first hearing. She also introduced a bill that would make it a crime to possess ransomware with the intent to use it, with sentences up to 10 years in prison and or a $10,000 fine, following a ransomware attack that froze government computers in Baltimore.
During the 2021 legislative session, Lee introduced a bill that would repeal the prohibition on prosecuting sexual crimes against a victim who is the spouse of the assailant. The bill unanimously passed out of the Maryland Senate and passed the Maryland House of Delegates by a vote of 115-18.

### Development initiatives

In January 2020, Lee criticized the proposed Capital Beltway and Interstate 270 expansions, telling The Washington Post, "So far the state's top-down kind of planning [on the toll lanes] has disregarded any dialogue about some of the financial risks, the risk to our environment, the risk to our communities, and to our businesses and to our quality of life". She also introduced a bill that would give counties the ability to block state toll projects.

### Gun control

During the 2019 legislative session, Lee introduced a bill that would ban privately made firearms in Maryland. The bill was reintroduced during the 2022 legislative session, during which it passed the House of Delegates and the state Senate, and became law without Governor Hogan's signature. Following the bill's passage, she was invited to the White House by U.S. President Joe Biden, where he announced a new United States Department of Justice rule regulating privately made firearms.
During the 2020 legislative session, Lee introduced a bill that would require background checks for private sales of long guns. The bill passed the Maryland Senate by a vote of 31-14 and the Maryland House of Delegates by a vote of 87-47, but was vetoed by Governor Hogan on May 7, 2020. The Maryland General Assembly voted to override the governor's veto on February 9, 2021.

### Immigration

In June 2018, following national outcry about the Trump administration's family separation policy, Lee called on Maryland counties to "stop taking blood money from ICE" to detain immigrants. At the time, only three counties (Frederick, Howard, and Worcester counties) had facilities for detaining immigrants that were used by ICE.

### National politics

In April 2015, Lee endorsed U.S. Representative Chris Van Hollen in the 2016 United States Senate election in Maryland. In November, she endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for president.

### Social issues

In February 2004, Lee criticized a bill that would have defined marriages in Maryland as the union of a man and woman, saying before a House Judiciary Committee hearing, "These bills are inflammatory, they are divisive and they promote intolerance to a large portion of our population". In February 2006, Lee voted against a bill that would amend the Maryland Constitution to ban same-sex marriage in the state. The bill failed to pass by a vote of 61-78. In 2012, she voted for the Civil Marriage Protection Act, which passed out of the Maryland House of Delegates by a vote of 72-67.
During the 2020 legislative session, Lee introduced a bill that would codify the right to abortion access. The bill was withdrawn in the final week of the legislative session, which was shortened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the 2021 legislative session, Lee introduced a bill that would have granted adoptees above the age of 18 access to their original birth certificates. The bill failed to pass out of the state Senate by a vote of 16-31. She also introduced a bill that would have required family law judges to undergo a minimum of 60 hours of training on child abuse investigations, implicit bias in custody decisions, parental alienation, and qualifications for child abuse evaluators and treatment providers.

### Taxes

In November 2007, Lee voted in favor of House Bill 2, which raised individual and corporate income tax provisions, and House Bill 5, which increased the state sales tax, car titling tax, and hotel tax.

## Electoral history

Maryland House of Delegates District 16 Democratic primary election, 2002 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Marilyn R. Goldwater (incumbent) | 14,197 | 30.5 |
| Democratic | Susan C. Lee | 12,710 | 27.3 |
| Democratic | William A. Bronrott (incumbent) | 12,681 | 27.3 |
| Democratic | Charles Chester | 4,990 | 10.7 |
| Democratic | Karen Kuker-Kihl | 1,903 | 4.1 |
Maryland House of Delegates District 16 election, 2002 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Marilyn R. Goldwater (incumbent) | 31,440 | 25.5 |
| Democratic | Susan C. Lee | 30,201 | 24.5 |
| Democratic | William A. Bronrott (incumbent) | 30,069 | 24.4 |
| Republican | Charles Stansfield | 13,574 | 11.0 |
| Republican | Daniel Farhan Zurbairi | 12,438 | 10.1 |
| Independent | John Horan Latham | 5,322 | 4.3 |
| Write-in | Write-in | 109 | 0.1 |
Maryland House of Delegates District 16 election, 2006 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Marilyn R. Goldwater (incumbent) | 33,249 | 25.1 |
| Democratic | Susan C. Lee (incumbent) | 33,064 | 25.0 |
| Democratic | William A. Bronrott (incumbent) | 33,004 | 25.0 |
| Republican | Robert F. Dyer | 11,504 | 8.7 |
| Republican | Angela M. Markelonis | 10,924 | 8.3 |
| Republican | Mike Monroe | 10,433 | 7.9 |
| Write-in | Write-in | 98 | 0.1 |
Maryland House of Delegates District 16 election, 2010 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | William Frick | 29,813 | 24.3 |
| Democratic | Susan C. Lee (incumbent) | 28,768 | 23.4 |
| Democratic | Ariana Kelly | 28,341 | 23.1 |
| Republican | Jeanne Allen | 13,553 | 11.0 |
| Republican | Carol G. Bowis | 11,619 | 9.5 |
| Republican | Meyer F. Marks | 10,678 | 8.7 |
| Write-in | Write-in | 157 | 0.1 |
Maryland Senate District 16 Democratic primary election, 2014 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Susan C. Lee | 12,196 | 85.1 |
| Democratic | Hugh Hill | 1,911 | 13.3 |
| Democratic | J'aime Drayton | 231 | 1.6 |
Maryland Senate District 16 election, 2014 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Susan C. Lee | 28,603 | 70.0 |
| Republican | Meyer Marks | 12,208 | 29.9 |
| Write-in | Write-in | 53 | 0.1 |
Maryland Senate District 16 election, 2018 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Susan C. Lee (incumbent) | 48,822 | 80.1 |
| Republican | Marcus Alzona | 12,052 | 19.8 |
| Write-in | Write-in | 61 | 0.1 |
Maryland Senate District 16 election, 2022 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Susan C. Lee (incumbent) | 44,925 | 97.80 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 1,012 | 2.20 |