OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clue (information)

A clue or a hint is a piece of information bringing someone closer to a conclusion or which points to the right direction towards the solution. It is revealed either because it is discovered by someone who needs it or because it is shared (given) by someone else.

## Etymology

The word originally was an alternate of spelling of clew, which was defined as "a ball of thread". The word evolved to have its current meaning in part because of the common motif in mythology and folklore of using a ball of thread to aid in escaping a maze.

## Clues in crimes

Clues help solving crimes in a criminal investigation by using forensic science. They can be physical clues discovered on the crime scene, or discovered later during investigation by re-examining recorded evidence, or by interviewing witnesses, victims, or suspects.
In fiction, the fictional character Sherlock Holmes remains a great inspiration for forensic science, especially for the way his acute study of a crime scene yielded small clues as to the precise sequence of events. Clues were introduced to detective fiction by Arthur Conan Doyle's Holmes stories, and they remain a staple of the genre today.

## Clues in games

In some games, if a player is stuck on a puzzle or riddle, they can ask or pay for clues to help them progress in the game.
In some games, clues are an integral ludeme of the game mechanics, whereas in others they are considered cheats.
Clues in games or crosswords can either be given straight, be cryptic, be riddles, or contain contradictions. Clues can be intentionally misleading.

## Context clues

   I don't understand enigmas. I never could guess a riddle in my life. – Jane Eyre
When a reader encounters an unknown word or phrase in a text, context clues are anything in the text that helps them understand or guess the meaning of it. It can be synonyms, antonyms, explanations, examples, or familiar word-parts (prefix or suffix). It can be definitions, comparisons, or contrasts. Meaning can also be derived via descriptions of cause and effect or through inference.
A 1966 study identified fourteen types of context clues for native speakers. A 1971 study classified clues for second language readers into three categories: intra-lingual, inter-lingual and extra-lingual.
Giving a clue to a non-Jew is an exception to Rabbinically prohibited activities of Shabbat for Orthodox Jews, such as giving commands. For example, an observant Jewish person may say something like “The light is bothering me,” or “The Synagogue’s door is unlocked,” as hints to the Shabbat goy to fulfill their voluntary obligations.

## Clue words

In a conversation, clue words, can be used by a speaker to indicate to the listener which direction they are moving the conversation. Examples of clue words are "But anyway" and "Incidentally".
# Alexander Allison

Alexander Allison (c. 1799–1862) was an American politician. He served as the Mayor of Nashville, Tennessee from 1847 to 1849.

## Early life

Allison was born about 1799 in Lifford, County Donegal, Ireland. After immigrating to the United States, he established a successful dry goods business in Nashville.

## Career

Allison served as Mayor of Nashville from 1847 to 1849. He was appointed by Governor Neill S. Brown as one of the commissioners to establish a "hospital for the insane" in Nashville, designed by architect Adolphus Heiman. He also served on the building committee of First Presbyterian Church.
Allison enslaved twelve people in Nashville and twenty in Davidson County.

## Personal life and death

Allison was married to Madeline T. Alcorn. Their son James Hart Allison died at the Battle of Monterey of 1846 at the age of twenty-two and John Allcorn Allison died of apoplexy at the age of twenty-three. They resided at 9 Summer Place in Nashville, and one of their neighbors was Samuel Morgan. He died on November 3, 1862, and he is buried in the Nashville City Cemetery.
# Director of Policy Planning

The Director of Policy Planning is the United States Department of State official in charge of the department's internal think tank, the policy planning staff, with a rank equivalent to assistant secretary. The position has traditionally been held by many members of the U.S. foreign policy establishment. Former directors of policy planning include two national security advisors, a president of the World Bank, and several presidents of the Council on Foreign Relations.

## Directors of policy planning

| No. | Name | Assumed office | Left office | President appointed by |
| 1 | George F. Kennan | 1947 | 1949 | Harry S. Truman |
| 2 | Paul Nitze | 1950 | 1953 | Harry S. Truman |
| 3 | Robert R. Bowie | 1953 | 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| 4 | Gerard C. Smith | 1957 | 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| 5 | George C. McGhee | 1961 | 1961 | John F. Kennedy |
| 6 | Walt Whitman Rostow | 1961 | 1966 | John F. Kennedy |
| 7 | Henry David Owen | 1966 | 1969 | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| 8 | William I. Cargo | 1969 | 1973 | Richard Nixon |
| 9 | James S. Sutterlin | 1973 | 1973 | Richard Nixon |
| 10 | Winston Lord | 1973 | 1977 | Gerald Ford |
| 11 | Anthony Lake | 1977 | 1981 | Jimmy Carter |
| 12 | Paul Wolfowitz | 1981 | 1982 | Ronald Reagan |
| 13 | Stephen W. Bosworth | 1983 | 1984 | Ronald Reagan |
| 14 | Peter W. Rodman | 1984 | 1986 | Ronald Reagan |
| 15 | Richard H. Solomon | 1986 | 1989 | Ronald Reagan |
| 16 | Dennis B. Ross | 1989 | 1992 | George H. W. Bush |
| 17 | Samuel W. Lewis | 1993 | 1994 | Bill Clinton |
| 18 | James Steinberg | 1994 | 1996 | Bill Clinton |
| 19 | Gregory B. Craig | 1997 | 1999 | Bill Clinton |
| 20 | Morton Halperin | 1998 | 2001 | Bill Clinton |
| 21 | Richard N. Haass | 2001 | 2003 | George W. Bush |
| 22 | Mitchell Reiss | 2003 | 2005 | George W. Bush |
| 23 | Stephen D. Krasner | 2005 | 2007 | George W. Bush |
| 24 | David F. Gordon | 2007 | 2009 | George W. Bush |
| 25 | Anne-Marie Slaughter | 2009 | 2011 | Barack Obama |
| 26 | Jake Sullivan | 2011 | 2013 | Barack Obama |
| 27 | David McKean | 2013 | 2015 | Barack Obama |
| 28 | Jonathan Finer | 2015 | 2017 | Barack Obama |
| 29 | Brian Hook | 2017 | 2018 | Donald Trump |
| 30 | Kiron Skinner | 2018 | 2019 | Donald Trump |
| 31 | Peter Berkowitz | 2019 | 2021 | Donald Trump |
| 32 | Salman Ahmed | 2021 | 2025 | Joe Biden |
| 33 | Michael Anton | 2025 | Present | Donald Trump |
# Samalkha

Samalkha is a town and Sub district of Panipat district that has its own tehsil as well as a municipal committee located in Indian state of Haryana. It is situated on GT road, 19 km (11.7 miles) south of Panipat, the district headquarter and 72 kilometres (45 mi) from the national capital Delhi. It is center of politics in Haryana after Sohna in gurugram and Faridabad.
Industries in the town include cast iron, nuts and bolts, iron rods machine tools and bathroom fittings manufacture. There are about 82 villages in Samalkha block and 17 wards. Main villages are Bapoli, Sanauli, Chulkana, Patti kalyana, Jaurassi, Kiwana, Manana and Naraina.

## Geography

Samalkha has an average elevation of 227 metres (745 ft). It is situated on GT road, 19 km (11.7 miles) south of Panipat, 32 km north from Sonipat and 72 kilometres (45 mi) from the national capital Delhi, 136 km (84 miles) south of Ambala and 178 km (110 miles) southwest of Chandigarh.

## Connectivity

National Highway 44 (India) is a major road network that connects Samalkha to Grand Trunk road network.
Some of villages (like- Hathwala, Bilaspur, etc) of Samalkha are also connected to UP through the Yamuna River.
Samalkha is connected to all major Indian cities via Samalkha railway station

## Demographics

According to the 2011 India census, Samalkha had a population of 39,710. Males are 21,379 and females are 18,331. Samalkha has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 61.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 69%. In Samalkha, 20% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Samalkha town is inhabited by outsiders mainly vaishyas, Punjabis and Jats.

## Market

Samalkha takes the position of ward no. 5 in Panipat. It is in possession of large grain, jaggery and wood markets, one of the largest markets is located in the state of Haryana. The market stretches for 1 km from the old bus stand/GT road to the railway station and features prominent companies in the polymer and bath fitting industries. It also receives a high influx of customers from neighboring districts like Baghpat or Uttar Pradesh.

## Industries

* Nestlé India Ltd, situated on Patikalyana-Kiwana Road.
* Continental Warehousing Corporation NS Ltd. D P WORLD Group, situated on NH 1 at Diwana, Haryana
* Haryana Organics Bear Factory, situated on Chulkana-Samalkha Road
* Jai Hind Iron Foundry, situated on GT Road Samalkha
* Shri Tirupati Steels, situated on HSIIDC Road Samalkha
* Bharat Trading Company, Shop No.155 situated in New Grain Market Samalkha.
* Ganpati Jewellers, Shop situated on railway road ,Samalkha.

## Colleges

* Gandhi Adrash College, Chulkana Road
* Vaish Girls College, Samalkha
* Tau Devi Lal College of Education, Manana
* Samalkha Group of Institutions, Hathwala Road
* Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, near Pattikalyana, N.H. 44
* Geeta Institute of law,Karhans
# Frankie Randall (singer)

Frankie Randall (born Franklin Joseph Lisbona; January 11, 1938 – December 28, 2014) was an American singer and pianist.

## Career

In 1964, Randall starred in Wild on the Beach and appeared in The Day of the Wolves (1971). He also appeared many times on the Dean Martin TV show, and hosted the summer version of the show when Martin was not available. He released dozens of RCA singles and albums from the 1960s onwards. After starting out in pop music, Randall, a piano player, began performing material from The Great American Songbook.
His version of the song "I Can See for Miles" by The Who is included in Rhino Records' album Golden Throats: The Great Celebrity Sing Off.

### Accolades

In 2001, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to Randall .
Inducted into the Las Vegas Casino Legends Hall of Fame in October 2002.
Presented the Amadeus Award by the Desert Symphony on January 11, 2013.

## Personal life

Randall was born Franklin Joseph Lisbona in Passaic, New Jersey on January 11, 1938.
Randall had five children.
On December 28, 2014, Randall died of lung cancer in Indio, California at the age of 76.

## Discography

* Relax'n With Chico Randall (Roulette, 1960)
* Frankie Randall Sings & Swings (RCA Victor, 1964)
* Frankie Randall At It Again! (RCA Victor, 1965)
* Going The Frankie Randall Way! (RCA Victor, 1966)
* I Remember You (RCA Victor, 1966)
* The Mods & The Pops (RCA Victor, 1968)
# Gregor MacKellar

Gregor Bruce MacKellar (born July 22, 1998) is a Canadian professional football offensive lineman who is a member of the Edmonton Elks. He most recently played for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a two-time Grey Cup champion after winning with the Argonauts in 2022 and 2024.

## University career

MacKellar first attended Rice University in 2017 and had a redshirt season while a member of the Rice Owls. Following a coaching change, MacKellar sought a transfer and moved back to Nova Scotia to become a member of the St. Francis Xavier X-Men in time for the 2018 season. In his first season, the X-Men were Loney Bowl champions after defeating the Saint Mary's Huskies. He did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 U Sports football season. In his fourth and final year, in 2021, he was named a U Sports Second Team All-Canadian and again won the Loney Bowl in a victory over the Bishop's Gaiters.

## Professional career
### Toronto Argonauts

MacKellar was ranked as the 19th best player in the Canadian Football League's Amateur Scouting Bureau final rankings for players eligible in the 2022 CFL Draft. He was then drafted in the first round, sixth overall, in the draft by the Toronto Argonauts. He then signed with the team on May 10, 2022. Following training camp, he was placed on the injured list, but soon after played in his first career professional game on July 4, 2022, against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. His first game played outside of Toronto's BMO Field was in Wolfville, Nova Scotia as part of Touchdown Atlantic where he dressed as a backup offensive lineman in his home province. He played in 16 regular season games in 2022 and started in 12 of them.
In the 2023 season, MacKellar played in all 18 regular season games, starting in one. He also dressed in the team's East Final loss to the Montreal Alouettes. In the 2024 season, MacKellar began the season as an opening day starter, but was moved to the injured list after eight games. He returned as a starter in the team's meaningless final game of the regular season, but was relegated to backup duty for the team's postseason. He dressed in all three post-season games, including the 111th Grey Cup where the Argonauts defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 41–24. As an impending free agent, MacKellar was granted an early release on February 10, 2025.

### Edmonton Elks

MacKellar joined the Edmonton Elks through free agency on February 11, 2025.

## Personal life

MacKellar was born to parents Bruce and Kelly MacKellar. He has one sister, Ainsley, who also attended St. Francis Xavier University. MacKellar plays bagpipes and competed in 2013 World Pipe Band Championships in Glasgow, Scotland.
# Tony Powell (cricketer)

Tony Orlando Powell (born 22 December 1972 in St Catherine, Jamaica) was a Jamaican cricketer.
He played 42 first class and 38 List A matches as a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium fast bowler. He played mainly for Jamaica, between 1992 and 2000. He also represented Jamaica in the cricket tournament at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.
# Race Relations Act 1968

The Race Relations Act 1968 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom making it illegal to refuse housing, employment, or public services to a person on the grounds of colour, race, ethnic or national origins in Great Britain (although not in Northern Ireland, which had its own parliament at the time). It also created the Community Relations Commission to promote 'harmonious community relations'.
The Act made amendments to the Race Relations Act 1965. It was superseded (and repealed) by the Race Relations Act 1976.
On 25 October 1968, the Race Relations Bill was given Royal Assent and so came into law as the Race Relations Act 1968. This Act expanded the provisions of the 1965 Race Relations Act, which had banned racial discrimination in public places and made promoting racial hatred a crime. The 1968 Act focused on eradicating discrimination in housing and employment. It aimed to ensure that the second-generation immigrants "who have been born here" and were "going through our schools" would get "the jobs for which they are qualified and the houses they can afford". Although there was considerable debate during the second reading of the Bill, consensus was eventually reached, with the Bill passing its third reading 182 ayes to 44 noes.
The Act was criticised for poorly translating "new standards of behaviour" into an effective legal document. The bill which introduced the Act was the focus of Enoch Powell's Rivers of Blood speech, delivered to the West Midlands Conservative Association on 20 April 1968. Powell was sacked from Ted Heath's shadow cabinet the following day.
# Challenge Aero

Challenge Aero is a business aviation airline based in Kyiv, Ukraine established in 2002. It operates charter flights within Ukraine and to neighbouring CIS countries.
# Hill's Sawmill

Hill's Sawmill, also known as the Holbert & Branning Mill and Duck Harbor Lumber & Chemical Co., is an historic sawmill which is located in Damascus Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## History and architectural features

Built in 1873, Hill's Sawmill is a two-story, rectangular building with a gable roof, which is seventy feet long and twenty-five feet wide and sits on a stone foundation.
It contains original mill equipment.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
* Hill's Sawmill
# Lucena de Jalón

Lucena de Jalón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 252 inhabitants.
# Schofield tank

The Schofield tank, named after its designer, was a New Zealand tank design of the Second World War. Developed in 1940 when it seemed that the Pacific War might reach New Zealand and with little likelihood of weapons coming from Britain, it did not enter service. It was designed to run on either tracks or wheels.

## Design and development

In around June 1940 Ernest James Schofield, a motor vehicle dealer for General Motors in Wellington, approached his MP William Theophilus Anderton with an idea for a fighting vehicle that could run on tracks or wheels. He had at this stage constructed a basic model from Meccano showing the basic principle of operation.
Schofield's tank was based on the chassis of a Chevrolet 6 long hundredweight (300 kg) truck using the suspension from a Universal Carrier. Wheels normally carried on the hull could be bolted on so that it could use these rather than the tracks. As initially designed it had a crew of three: machine gunner and driver at the front and a second machine gun in a turret at the rear.
The initial design performed badly in trials but the Government sought an improved version. Designed by another member of the original team, the improved model used a better transmission and the turret now contained a QF 2 pounder gun with a co-axial Besa machine gun. By the time it was complete, in 1942, New Zealand had received tanks from the UK and US.
The armour plating was provided by the New Zealand Railways. The four wheels shared drive and idler sprockets with the track, and the move from wheels to track, and vice versa, could be made from within the hull.
In 1943 the improved design prototype was shipped to Britain, where it was evaluated by the Department of Tank Design. Although not completely critical, experts recommended the project halt. The tank was stored for a while and scrapped after the war.
# Lada Saint Petersburg

Lada Saint Petersburg is a Russian car manufacturing company owned by AvtoVAZ and headquartered in Saint Petersburg. The company was established in 2006 as a Nissan subsidiary focused on crossover assembly with the name Nissan Manufacturing Rus and started production in 2009. In 2022, it was acquired by NAMI which sold it to AvtoVAZ. The company adopted its present name in June 2023.

## History

In 2006, Nissan began building an assembly facility with capacity to produce up to 50,000 vehicles per year at the village of Pargolovo in Saint Petersburg, incorporating it as Nissan Manufacturing Rus LLC (Russian: ООО "Ниcсан Мэнуфэкчуринг Рус") in June 2006. The facility became operational in June 2009 and it produced various crossovers as the X-Trail, Murano and Qashqai. By 2014, it was expanded to produce up to 100,000 vehicles per year.
In March 2022, following a lack of components as a result of sanctions derived from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Nissan Manufacturing Rus halted operations. In November 2022, the state enterprise NAMI acquired Nissan Manufacturing Rus (including its assembly plant, a research and development facility, and the Moscow marketing and sales offices) for a "symbolic price" with a six-year buyback option for Nissan. In February 2023, NAMI sold 99% of the company in turn to its AvtoVAZ subsidiary for €1. AvtoVAZ announced plans to use the Nissan Manufacturing Rus plant to assemble C and D-segment vehicle kits from other manufacturers, under the Lada and XCITE badging. In June 2023, the company was officially re-registered as Lada Saint Petersburg LLC. That same month, Lada Saint Petersburg announced its first model, the Lada X-Cross 5 crossover, a badge engineered Bestune T77 from FAW.
# Jeremy Attfield

Jeremy Attfield (born 5 March 1972) is an English first-class cricketer. He played in six matches for Oxford University Cricket Club in 1995.
# David Ritossa

David Ritossa (born 22 January 1971) is an Australian cricketer. He played in one first-class and one List A match for South Australia in 1992/93.
# Scott Williams (cricketer)

Scott Williams (born 1 February 1971) is an Australian cricketer. He played in four first-class and two List A matches for Queensland in 1991/92.
# Synodontis cuangoanus

Synodontis cuangoanus is a species of upside-down catfish that is native to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo where it occurs in the Kwango River drainage. It was first described by Max Poll in 1971. The original specimens were obtained in Cuango, Cafunfo, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The species name cuangoanus is derived from "Cuango", the location where the species was first discovered, and the suffix -anus, meaning "belonging to".

## Description

Like all members of the genus Synodontis, S. cuangoanus has a strong, bony head capsule that extends back as far as the first spine of the dorsal fin. The head contains a distinct narrow, bony, external protrusion called a humeral process. The fish has three pairs of barbels. The maxillary barbels are on located on the upper jaw, and two pairs of mandibular barbels are on the lower jaw. The adipose fin is large and the tail, or caudal fin, is forked.
The front edges of the dorsal fins and the pectoral fins are hardened into stiff spines. These spines can be raised into position at right angles to the body and locked into position for defensive purposes. The ability to lock the spines into place comes from several small bones attached to the spine, and once raised, the spines cannot be folded down by exerting pressure on the tip.
The fish has a structure called a premaxillary toothpad, which is located on the very front of the upper jaw of the mouth. This structure contains several rows of short, chisel-shaped teeth. On the lower jaw, or mandible, the teeth are attached to flexible, stalk-like structures and described as "s-shaped" or "hooked".
The maximum total length of the species is 26.8 centimeters (10.6 in). Generally, females in the genus Synodontis tend to be slightly larger than males of the same age.

## Habitat and behavior

In the wild, the species in a very restricted area in the Kwango River basin. It is harvested for human consumption. Its habitat is threatened by intensive diamond mining. As a whole, species of Synodontis are omnivores, consuming insect larvae, algae, gastropods, bivalves, sponges, crustaceans, and the eggs of other fishes. The reproductive habits of most of the species of Synodontis are not known, beyond some instances of obtaining egg counts from gravid females. Spawning likely occurs during the flooding season between July and October, and pairs swim in unison during spawning. The growth rate is rapid in the first year, then slows down as the fish age.