OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Centre for Low Dose Radiation Research

The International Centre for Low Dose Radiation Research (ICLDRR) was established at the University of Ottawa, in 1997, with national and international support. The ICLDRR assembles all published data and conducts analyses concerning the effects of low doses of radiation on humans and in the environment. ICLDRR's main focus is to contribute to clarifying whether low and very low doses of ionizing radiation increase the risk of cancer. To that end, the ICLDRR has assembled and analysed virtually all published data on cancer induction in laboratory animals by low doses of ionizing radiation, and published initial findings at specialized international conferences, since 1998.
The foremost contribution of the ICLDRR is the setup of a radiation low-dose mammal-experiment database. Their results have been used in support of the radiation hormesis hypothesis, wherein low-dose radiation may actually be beneficial for health. They were quoted in a famous report by the French Academies as evidence that this effect takes place in 40% of low-dose animal experiments.
The work at ICLDRR is funded by several actors of the nuclear industry such as the United States Department of Energy, Électricité de France, Cogema Resources, Inc. (Canada) or the Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry (Japan).
# Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski

Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski (Ukrainian: Костянтин-Василь Острозький, romanized: Kostiantyn-Vasyl Ostrozkyi; Belarusian: Канстантын Васіль Астрожскi; Lithuanian: Konstantinas Vasilijus Ostrogiškis; 2 February 1526 – 13 or 23 February 1608) was a Ruthenian Orthodox magnate of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a prince, starost of Volodymyr, marshal of Volhynia and voivode of the Kiev Voivodeship. Ostrogski refused to help False Dmitriy I and supported Jan Zamoyski.

## Biography

The date of birth of Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski is disputed. According to some historians he was born around 1524/1525. He was born probably in Turów.
He married in January 1553 in Tarnów.
In the 1570s he waged a war against another magnate, Stanisław Tarnowski, about disputed possession of estates in the area of Tarnów, in Lesser Poland.
Prince Ostrogski was of Eastern Orthodox faith and he was active in supporting the Orthodox Church (see Union of Brest). He was also a promoter of Eastern Christian culture in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Around 1576 he established the Ostroh Academy, a wellregarded humanist educational and scholarship institution, with the instruction in Greek, Latin and Old Church Slavonic languages. In 1581, the academy produced and published the Ostroh Bible, the first complete printed edition of the Bible in Old Church Slavonic. While Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski was the proponent of the Eastern Orthodox religion, his son Janusz Ostrogski converted to Roman Catholicism.
Ostrogski's huge latifundium, or landed estate in the eastern Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, consisted of 100 towns and 1300 villages. It was Ostrogski who built Starokostiantyniv Castle.
Ostroh boasted an Orthodox academy, a yeshiva, a mosque, and a Unitarian Church.
He was canonized in the Orthodox Church of Ukraine as a Right-Believing prince.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski :
# Boonaa Mohammed

Boonaa Mohammed (born April 14, 1987) is a Canadian spoken-word poet and writer of Oromo descent.

## Early life

Mohammed is a second generation Ethiopian immigrant of Oromo ancestry. His parents came to Canada as political refugees seeking asylum in the country after their involvement with the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in Ethiopia.
He grew up in the down-town Toronto area and was heavily involved in the street life while attending Oakwood Collegiate Institute. He graduated at the top of his class and was named Valedictorian before enrolling in Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University) and graduating from the Radio and Television Arts program in 2011.

## Career

In 2007, Mohammed won the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Poetry Face-Off "Best New Artist" award. He also has a playwright residency at Theatre Passe Muraille in Toronto. He has appeared on TedX Toronto and has had a short story published in a Penguin Canada anthology called "Piece by Piece"
Besides poetry and theatre, Mohammed is the founder of Safina Media, an Islamic media production company and has continued the art of story-telling through various platforms of media.
# 1937 in Switzerland

The following is a list of events, births, and deaths in 1937 in Switzerland.

## Incumbents

* Federal Council:
** Giuseppe Motta (president)
** Hermann Obrecht
** Philipp Etter
** Johannes Baumann
** Marcel Pilet-Golaz
** Albert Meyer
** Rudolf Minger

## Events

* 1936–37 Nationalliga, won by FC Lugano
* 1937 Swiss Grand Prix, won by Rudolf Caracciola
* 1937–38 Nationalliga, won by Grasshopper Club Zürich
* Nyon Conference, which addresses attacks on shipping in the Spanish Civil War
* Allianz, a group of Swiss artists, is founded
* 1937 Swiss freemasonry referendum

## Literature

* An Answer from the Silence, a novel by Max Frisch, is published in Swiss

## Births

* 3 February – Billy Meier, prophet
* 9 March – Niele Toroni, painter
* 18 May – Peter Bolliger, rower
* 21 May – Hansjörg Hirschbühl, bobsleigher
* 2 June – Pierre Favre, musician
* 30 June – Fritz Egli, motorcycle racer
* 6 July – Joseph Payne, musician
* 12 July – Fritz Kehl, association footballer
* 21 December – Hansruedi Führer, association footballer
* Attilio Moresi, cyclist
* Sandro del Prete, painter

## Deaths

* 7 April – Hans Steffen, German geographer (born 1936 in Germany)
* 9 May – Walter Mittelholzer, pilot, photographer, and travel writer (born 1894)
* 2 September – Pierre de Coubertin, French historian and founder of the International Olympic Committee (born 1863 in France)
# Order of integration

In statistics, the order of integration, denoted I(d), of a time series is a summary statistic, which reports the minimum number of differences required to obtain a covariance-stationary series (i.e., a time series whose mean and autocovariance remain constant over time).
The order of integration is a key concept in time series analysis, particularly when dealing with non-stationary data that exhibits trends or other forms of non-stationarity.

## Integration of order d

A time series is integrated of order d if
    $(1-L)^{d}X_{t}\$
is a stationary process, where $L$ is the lag operator and $1-L$ is the first difference, i.e.
    $(1-L)X_{t}=X_{t}-X_{t-1}=\Delta X.$
In other words, a process is integrated to order d if taking repeated differences d times yields a stationary process.
In particular, if a series is integrated of order 0, then $(1-L)^{0}X_{t}=X_{t}$ is stationary.

## Constructing an integrated series

An I(d) process can be constructed by summing an I(d − 1) process:
* Suppose $X_{t}$ is I(d − 1)
* Now construct a series $Z_{t}=\sum _{k=0}^{t}X_{k}$
* Show that Z is I(d) by observing its first-differences are I(d − 1):
       $\Delta Z_{t}=X_{t},$
    where
       $X_{t}\sim I(d-1).\,$
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Piazza Armerina

The Diocese of Piazza Armerina (Latin: Dioecesis Platiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Sicily. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Agrigento.

## History

The diocese of Piazza Armerina was taken from the diocese of Catania, and was created in 1817. It was then a suffragan of the archdiocese of Siracusa. Its first bishop was Girolamo Aprile e Benso. In 2013, in the diocese of Piazza Armerina, there was one priest for every 1,588 Catholics.

## Bishops

* Girolamo Aprile e Benso † (2 Oct 1818 – 1836 Died)
* Pietro Naselli, C.O. † (15 Feb 1838 – 13 Jul 1840 Resigned)
* Pier Francesco Brunaccini, O.S.B. † (17 Jun 1844 – 24 Nov 1845) Appointed, Archbishop of Monreale
* Cesare Agostino Sajeva † (19 Jan 1846 – 1867 Died)
* Saverio Gerbino † (23 Feb 1872 – 14 Mar 1887 Appointed, Bishop of Caltagirone)
* Mariano Palermo † (14 Mar 1887 – 9 Feb 1903 Died)
* Mario Sturzo † (22 Jun 1903 – 12 Nov 1941 Died)
* Antonino Catarella † (10 Jan 1942 – 29 Oct 1970 Retired)
* Sebastiano Rosso † (18 Nov 1970 – 8 Jan 1986 Retired)
* Vincenzo Cirrincione † (8 Jan 1986 – 12 Feb 2002 Died)
* Michele Pennisi (21 Apr 2002 – 8 Feb 2013) Appointed, Archbishop of Monreale
* Rosario Gisana (2014 – )
# Blue raspberry flavor

Blue raspberry is a manufactured flavoring and food coloring for candy, snack foods, syrups, and soft drinks. The flavor does not derive from any species of raspberry, but rather was developed using esters that are part of the flavor profile of pineapple, banana and cherry. Sugar is commonly added to create taste appeal for the blue raspberry flavor.
Food products labeled as blue raspberry flavor are commonly dyed with a bright blue synthetic food coloring, such as brilliant blue FCF (also called FD&C Blue No. 1) having European food coloring number E133. The blue color was used to differentiate raspberry-flavored foods from cherry-, watermelon-, and strawberry-flavored foods, each of which is typically red. The use of blue dye also partially is due to the FDA's 1976 banning of amaranth-based Red Dye No. 2, which had previously been heavily used in raspberry-flavored products.

## History

Blue raspberry flavoring debuted commercially in the United States in 1958 with Gold Medal's snow cone syrup. Its wider adoption followed the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) 1969 approval of FD&C Blue No. 1. This regulatory change encouraged other companies, including The Icee Company and Otter Pops, to introduce blue raspberry products in the early 1970s.
# Sir Alexander Cuninghame, 1st Baronet

Sir Alexander Cuninghame, 1st Baronet (c. 1643 – March 1685) was a Scottish landowner and aristocrat.

## Early life

Cuninghame was born in c. 1643. He was the only son of Alexander Cuninghame (1625–c. 1646) and Anne Crawfurd (1628–1649). His sister, Margaret Cuninghame, was the wife of George Meikle of Lesmahagow.
His paternal grandparents were Alexander Cuninghame, 5th Laird of Corsehill (son of Alexander Cuninghame, 4th of Corsehill), and Mary Houstoun (a daughter of John Houstoun of Houston). Through his paternal line, he was a great-great-great-grandson of the 4th Earl of Glencairn through the Earl's second son, Hon. Andrew Cunningham. His maternal grandparents were John Crawfurd of Kilbirnie and Lady Mary Cuninghame (a daughter of the 7th Earl of Glencairn). Through his maternal uncle, Sir John Crawfurd, 1st Baronet, MP for Ayrshire, he was a first cousin of Margaret Crawfurd (wife of Hon. Patrick Crawford, son of the 17th Earl of Crawford) and Ann Crawfurd (wife of Sir Archibald Stewart, 1st Baronet, of Blackhall).

## Career

In 1663, his grandfather settled the family estate of Corsehill on him and his affianced wife, reserving to himself the life rent (though he died shortly thereafter in 1667). Reportedly, he was ruined by guaranteeing the credit of his spendthrift cousin, Sir David Cuninghame, 4th Baronet of Robertland.
A Scottish baron and landowner in Dumfriesshire, on 26 February 1672, he was created the 1st Baronet Cuninghame of Corsehill in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, with remainder to heirs male of the body.

## Personal life

In c. 1665, he married Mary Stewart (1647–1683), a daughter of John Stewart (the son of Sir Archibald Stewart of Blackhall) and Mary Stirling (the daughter of Sir James Stirling and sister to Sir George Stirling, 6th Laird of Keir, Dunblane, Perthshire, and 3rd Laird of Cawder, Bishopbriggs, Lanarkshire). Among her siblings were James Stewart of Lumlock and Sir Archibald Stewart, 1st Baronet, of Blackhall (who married Sir Alexander's first cousin, Ann Crawfurd). Together, they were the parents of:
* Sir Alexander Cuninghame, 2nd Baronet (d. 1730), who married Margaret Boyle, a daughter of John Boyle of Kelburn, MP for Bute, in 1686. Her brother was David Boyle, 1st Earl of Glasgow.
Sir Alexander died on 25 March 1685 and was succeeded by his only son, Alexander.

### Descendants

Through his son Alexander, he was a grandfather of Sir David Cuninghame, 3rd Baronet, who married Penelope Montgomery by whom he had three sons and a daughter, the eldest of whom, Alexander, married Elizabeth Montgomery, and was father of the 4th, 5th and 6th Baronets.
# 1936–37 County Antrim Shield

The 1936–37 County Antrim Shield was the 48th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.
Belfast Celtic won the tournament for the 5th time and 2nd consecutive season, defeating Glentoran 1–0 in the final replay at Grosvenor Park after the original final ended in a 2–2 draw.

## Results
### First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 10–0 | Crusaders |
| Glentoran | 6–2 | Glentoran II |
| Larne | 3–1 | Bangor |
| Ards | bye | |
| Ballymena United | bye | |
| Cliftonville | bye | |
| Distillery | bye | |
| Linfield | bye | |

### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 4–2 | Linfield |
| Distillery | 4–0 | Ards |
| Glentoran | 5–1 | Ballymena United |
| Larne | 4–0 | Cliftonville |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 2–0 | Distillery |
| Glentoran | 4–1 | Larne |
# Eliot House

Eliot House is one of twelve undergraduate residential Houses at Harvard University. It is one of the seven original houses at the college. Opened in 1931, the house was named after Charles William Eliot, who served as president of the university for forty years (1869–1909).

## Traditions

Before Harvard opted to use a lottery system to assign residences to upperclassmen (beginning with the class of 1999), Eliot was known as a 'prep' house, providing accommodation to the university's social elite, and being known as "more Harvard than Harvard". Describing Eliot House in the late 1950s and early 1960s, author Alston Chase wrote, "[A]lthough most Harvard houses in those days reflected the values of Boston Brahmin society ... Eliot was more extreme".
The motto 'Floreat Domus de Eliot' and 'Domus' are traditional chants and greetings, particularly on Housing Day, when freshman find out their housing assignments. Some traditions of Eliot House are the charity event An Evening with Champions, the Eliot Boat Club (an intramural crew team), formal dinners such as the Charles Eliot Dinner, a strong sense of house pride, and the annual Spring Fete.

## Movie appearances

Eliot's prominent belltower is featured in many films, including Old School; Legally Blonde; Chasing Liberty; and Euro Trip, which features the tower at the end of the film, incorrectly identifying it as Oberlin College. Eliot House is also featured prominently in Love Story and The Social Network.

## Notable alumni

Notable former residents of the house include:
* James Agee
* Leonard Bernstein
* Benazir Bhutto
* Ben Bradlee
* Archibald Cox
* T.S. Eliot (as Charles Eliot Norton Chair of Poetry)
* Patrick X. Gallagher
* John Harbison
* Edward Gorey
* Rashida Jones
* Eduardo Saverin
* Ted Kaczynski
* Jack Lemmon
* Frank O'Hara
* Thomas Oliphant
* George Plimpton
* Jay Rockefeller
# Caerellius Priscus

Caerellius Priscus is the name given to the man on an inscription recovered at Mogontiacum (Mainz), set up by a governor of Germania Superior who was afterwards governor of Roman Britain in the late 170s.
The name of his son in the inscription implies that his gentilicium was "Caerellius", which is how Anthony Birley refers to him. Edmund Groag suggested the dedicant might be Asellius Aemilianus proconsul of 192–193, but Birley disagrees. Birley also admits "Caerellius" might be identical with Gaius Caerellius Sabinus, legate of Legio XIII Gemina and afterwards governor of Raetia, but finds several objections to this, most notably that Sabinus' wife was Fufidia Pollitta and the wife of the man in this inscription was named Modestiana. Birley concludes by stating the "most likely" identification of "Caerellius" is with Caerellius Priscus, praetor tutelaris under Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, between the years 161 through 169. This is the same identification that Géza Alföldy makes.

## Career

The Mainz inscription lists the provinces Caerellius was governor of in a problematic order: Thracia, Moesia Superior, Raetia, Germania Superior then Britain. According to Birley, Raetia, typically a province governed by an ex-praetor, is out of place "between two consular provinces". Although Birley argues that Moesia Superior might have been downgraded to praetorian status, it is possible these provinces were not listed in chronological order. Alföldy, following Birley, provides the following dates for Caerellius' governorships: Thracia c. 167 - c. 170, Moesia Superior c. 170 - c. 172, suffect consul around 172, Germania Superior c. 174 - c. 177, and likely governor of Roman Britain c. 177–180.
Dio Cassius notes that at the beginning of Commodus' sole rule, "tribes" crossed the Antonine Wall and defeated a general (στρατηγόν) and his soldiers in Britain. Birley admits there is some disagreement whether by "general" Dio means a legionary legate or provincial governor, but argues that Dio consistently uses that word to indicate a governor. Although it would appear the governor slain was Caerellius, Birley argues that "he was one of the low-quality governors appointed by Commodus soon after his ascension, rather than ... an experienced commander such as 'Caerellius'." In response to this disaster, the Praetorian prefect Tigidius Perennis immediately sent Ulpius Marcellus to replace him, who proceeded to ruthlessly crush the rebellion.
If Caerellius was not the governor killed in battle, he nevertheless vanishes from history after concluding his term as governor of Britain.

## Family

The Mainz inscription attests Caerellius had a wife, Modestiana, a daughter, Germanilla, and a son, Marcianus. Birley suggests Marcianus may be identified with a C(a)erellius Macrinus the Historia Augusta (Severus 13.6) listed as executed by order of the Emperor Septimius Severus, presumably because he had supported his rival Clodius Albinus. Birley also admits Caerellius was likely a kinsman to the above-mentioned Sabinus.
# Joshua Sinclair

John Louis Loffredo (born May 7, 1953), known by the pen name Joshua Sinclair, is an American writer, actor, filmmaker and physician.

## Biography

Sinclair was born John Louis Loffredo in New York City. He initially planned to be a missionary, and began writing screenplays at the age of 14.

### Film career

In the early 1970s, he moved to Rome, and made his film acting debut in Vittorio De Sica's The Garden of the Finzi-Continis. He appeared in various films, notably several collaborations with Enzo G. Castellari and Roberto Rossellini. He was sometimes credited under the Italianized stage names Gianni Loffredo and Gianluigi Loffredo.
Later in the decade, he moved to Austria.
In 1978, he wrote and produced the film Just a Gigolo, starring David Bowie and Marlene Dietrich. He contributed to the screenplay for Enzo G. Castellari's Spaghetti Western Keoma (1976), Casanova & Co. (1977), and Judgment in Berlin (1988); and wrote The Golden Lady (1979).
In 1985, Sinclair published the historical novel Shaka Zulu, based on the life of the 19th-century Zulu King. The following year, the novel was adapted into a SABC miniseries of the same name. In 2001, he wrote and directed a sequel telefilm, Shaka Zulu: The Citadel.
In 2018, he wrote and directed the film A Rose in Winter, a biopic of Edith Stein (Saint Teresa of the Cross).

### Medicine

In the 1980s, Sinclair left acting to pursue a career in medicine. He graduated from the University of Virginia and Johns Hopkins University, as an M.D. with a specialization in tropical medicine. As a member of Médecins Sans Frontières, he worked at Grant Medical College in India (where he worked with Mother Teresa) and Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in South Africa.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1970 | The Garden of the Finzi-Continis | | |
| 1971 | La lunga spiaggia fredda | Thomas | |
| 1971 | Lady Frankenstein | John | |
| 1971 | A Season in Hell | Young Rimbaud | |
| 1972 | The Assassination of Trotsky | Sam | |
| 1972 | Winged Devils | | |
| 1973 | I Kiss the Hand | Stefano Ferrante | Actor |
| 1973 | Non ho tempo | | |
| 1975 | Il messia | Guardia Romana | Uncredited |
| 1976 | The Big Racket | Rudy | |
| 1976 | Keoma | Sam Shannon | Actor, writer |
| 1977 | The Heroin Busters | Gianni | |
| 1977 | Hitch-Hike | Oaks | |
| 1977 | Casanova & Co. | | Writer |
| 1978 | The Inglorious Bastards | The Sergeant | |
| 1978 | Ring | Don Farracone | |
| 1978 | Just a Gigolo | | Writer, Co-Executive Producer |
| 1979 | The Golden Lady | | Writer |
| 1980 | The Last Shark | Mayor William Wells | Actor |
| 1982 | 1990: The Bronx Warriors | Ice | Actor |
| 1986 | Shaka Zulu | | Television series, based on Sinclair's own novel, Writer |
| 1987 | Hangmen | Phillipe Fosterlan | |
| 1988 | Judgment in Berlin | Alan Sherman | Actor, writer, producer |
| 2001 | Shaka Zulu - Last Great Warrior | Director | |
| 2007 | Jump! | Director | |
| 2018 | A Rose in Winter | | Director, writer |
# In the City (South African festival)

In The City is a South African, one day music festival that takes place annually in Johannesburg at the Mary Fitzgerald Square.

## Background

In The City was started in 2012 by Seed Experiences, the same company responsible for the Cape Town festival Rocking The Daisies. As such, both of the festivals have shared headlining acts since In The City's inception in 2012 and the first year's edition hosted Bloc Party as its international headlining act. In The City 2012 was considered a huge success as it sold out all of its tickets.
The festival is largely sponsored and endorsed by the South African telecommunications company Vodacom resulting in the festival often being called "Vodacom In The City" and "Vodacom Unlimited In The City".

## Previous editions

The following table displays the year, date and key performers of each year's edition of In The City.
In The City Concerts :
| Year | Date | Notable Acts | Attendance |
| 2012 | 5 October | Die Antwoord, Tumi featuring Yesterday's Pupil, DJ Yoda, Bloc Party | 10 000 |
| 2013 | 4 October | Skunk Anansie, Alt-J, The Hives, Boys Noize | TBC |
# 1938–39 County Antrim Shield

The 1938–39 County Antrim Shield was the 50th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.
Belfast Celtic won the tournament for the 6th time, defeating Glentoran 2–1 in the final at Grosvenor Park.

## Results
### First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Crusaders | 2–5 | Glentoran |
| Distillery | 4–1 | Sirocco Works |
| Linfield | 3–2 | Bangor |
| Ards | bye | |
| Ballymena United | bye | |
| Belfast Celtic | bye | |
| Cliftonville | bye | |
| Larne | bye | |

### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 7–1 | Larne |
| Cliftonville | 2–1 | Distillery |
| Glentoran | 3–2 | Ards |
| Linfield | 4–3 | Ballymena United |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Belfast Celtic | 3–1 | Linfield |
| Glentoran | 4–0 | Cliftonville |