OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2008 Toronto Transit Commission strike

The 2008 Toronto Transit Commission strike was a legal strike action by Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) unionized employees that began on April 26, 2008, at 12:01 a.m. EDT. All bus, streetcar and subway service in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was suspended, leaving thousands of people stranded across the city. Although the strike action was legal, the Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) Local 113 did not provide 48-hour notice of the service withdrawal as they had previously promised they would do. Instead, the ATU only provided 90 minutes' notice before the service withdrawal. Bob Kinnear, president of ATU Local 113, claimed that the lack of an advance notice was necessary to protect the TTC employees from "angry and irrational members of the public".

## General synopsis

* Strike shuts down Toronto's transit system
The strike occurred when the two unions, ATU Local 113 and Canadian Union of Public Employees Local 2, voted 65% to reject the offer made on April 20, 2008. The result of the ratification vote was completed just after 10:00 p.m. on April 25 and Torontonians and TTC employees were given approximately 90 minutes' notice before the job action began.
The rejected offer had offered TTC operators a 3% wage increase each year for three years. Some operators and maintenance staff were not pleased with the offer. There were also concerns over the injury compensation package and, according to some reports, contracting out work. TTC employees voiced their concerns over the week prior to the strike.

### Back-to-work legislation

* Toronto transit workers ordered back to work
At approximately 11:45 p.m. on April 25, minutes before the strike began, Toronto mayor David Miller held a news conference stating that the strike action was "unacceptable and irresponsible" after the ATU failed to comply with the initial 48-hour strike notice and the subsequent rejection of the contract. The mayor made a special request to Ontario premier Dalton McGuinty asking him to seek back-to-work legislation, a special law that would block the TTC strike from continuing. By 12:30 p.m. on April 26, the provincial government had signed an Order in Council allowing for a rare Sunday sitting of the Ontario legislature to consider a bill (Bill 66) to order the union and its members back to work.
On April 27, 2008, Bill 66 was unanimously passed by the Ontario Legislature, a process which only took 30 minutes. The law was quickly given royal assent by David Onley, the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, and it came into force at 2 p.m. The TTC was given a few hours to ensure the system was ready to operate and to build up service. Most transit service resumed by that evening.

## Offer

* Term: three years, expiring March 31, 2011
* Wages: April 1, 2008 – 3%; April 1, 2009 – 3%; April 1, 2010 – 3%
* Vision Care: $300 every 2 years; plus $50 for exams
* Dental Care: major restorative, including implants up to $2,500
* Orthodontic: up to $4,000 (50% TTC coverage)
* Physio & Chiro: $1,000 max ($35 per visit)
* Long-term Disability: $2,550 max, per month
Source: TTC
# Vivien Goldman

Vivien Goldman (born 1952) is a British journalist, writer and musician.

## Early life and education

Goldman was born in London in 1952, the child of two German-Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. She studied English and American literature at the University of Warwick.

## Career

Goldman began her career as a journalist for Cassettes and Cartridges. She then became a PR officer for Atlantic Records and then Island Records, where she worked with Bob Marley. She was a writer and editor for London-based Sounds magazine in the late 1970s.
In the early 1980s, she began making documentaries for Channel Four television, developing and producing the world-music show Big World Cafe. In 1988, she also co-presented The Late Shift, a weekly late night strand of music concerts and films, alongside Charlie Gillett.

### Musical career

Goldman lived in Paris for a year and a half, where she was a member of new wave duo Chantage, which gained modest fame in France. She released the Dirty Washing EP in 1981, with tracks produced by John Lydon and Adrian Sherwood. The EP appeared first on Ed Bahlman's iconic 99 Records imprint on 3 June 1981.
In August 1981, two of the tracks from the EP, "Launderette" and "Private Armies," were issued as a 7" single in the UK. Later the song "Launderette" was included on Gomma Records' "Anti NY" compilation and the Chicks On Speed-produced Girl Monster collection. In that year she also contributed vocals (on the track "Private Armies," which is actually "Private Armies Dub", or "P.A. Dub", from the EP) to the New Age Steppers' self-titled debut.
Goldman wrote for the music magazines NME, Sounds and Melody Maker about reggae, punk and post-punk. She was a member of The Flying Lizards, shared a flat with fellow NME journalist and The Pretenders singer Chrissie Hynde.
Goldman is listed in the writing credits along with the band Massive Attack on the song "Sly". Goldman was Bob Marley's first UK publicist, and Kid Creole's biographer. She also appeared in the song "Vetar i zastave"(Wind and flags), with the Yugoslavian band "Idoli"(Idols) in 1983.

### Academic career

Goldman is also a documentarian and adjunct professor of punk and reggae at New York University's (NYU) Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music. She is also an adjunct professor of musical cultures and industry at Rutgers University's School of Communication and Information (Rutgers University).
In January 2007 BBC America began a regular Ask the Punk Professor feature on their website, with Goldman answering questions and commenting on current events. The feature ran through 2008.
Goldman appears as an interviewee in the up-coming documentary about British reggae group Steel Pulse.

## Books

* Revenge of the She-Punks (2019)
* The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Album of the Century (2006)
* The Black Chord: Visions of the Groove: Connections between Afro-Beats, Rhythm and Blues, Hip Hop, and More (with David Corio) (1999)
* Pearl's Delicious Jamaican Dishes: Recipes from Pearl Bell's Repertoire (1992)
* Kid Creole and the Coconuts: Indiscreet (1984)
* Bob Marley, Soul Rebel – Natural Mystic (1981)
# West Lexham

West Lexham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Lexham, in the Breckland district, in the county of Norfolk, England. It is 5.9 miles (9.5 km) north of the town of Swaffham, 30.6 miles (49.2 km) west north west of Norwich and 105 miles (169 km) north east of London. In 1931, the parish had a population of 101. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished to form Lexham.
The village's name literally means, 'leech homestead/village', but probably in the sense of 'physician'.
The village lies about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) east of the A1065 Mildenhall to Fakenham road. The nearest railway station is at King's Lynn for the Fen Line which runs between King's Lynn and Cambridge. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport.
West Lexham is the birthplace of Philip Skippon (c. 1600, West Lexham, Norfolk – c. 20 February 1660) who was an English soldier who fought in the English Civil War. He rose to the rank of Major General in the Parliamentarian New Model Army and was one of Oliver Cromwell's most senior generals. He fought at several major battles of the Civil War and before that had been a professional soldier in various wars in mainland Europe.
# Rwanda at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships

Rwanda competed at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain between 19 July and 4 August 2013.

## Swimming

Rwandan swimmers achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the A-standard entry time, and 1 at the B-standard):

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Eloi Imaniraguha | 50 m butterfly | 30.36 | 75 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Patrick Rukundo | 50 m freestyle | 27.27 | 84 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Alphonsine Agahozo | 50 m freestyle | 30.66 | 72 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Johanna Umurungi | 50 m butterfly | 32.35 | 56 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Johanna Umurungi | 100 m butterfly | 1:10.41 | 50 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Quiroga (TransMilenio)

The simple station Quiroga is part of the TransMilenio mass-transit system of Bogotá, Colombia, opened in 2000.

## Location

The station is located in southern Bogotá, specifically on Avenida Caracas with Calles 32 and 33 sur.

## History

At the beginning of 2001, the second phase of the Caracas line of the system was opened from Tercer Milenio to the intermediate station Calle 40 Sur. A few months later, service was extended south to Portal de Usme.
The station is named Quiroga due to its proximity to the neighborhood of Quiroga .
In 2004, two passengers died and two others injured by an explosion of four kilograms of ammonal.

## Station Services
### Old trunk services

Services rendered until April 29, 2006 :
| Kind | Routes | Frequency |
| Current | | Every 3 minutes on average |

### Main line service

Service as of April 29, 2006 :
| Type | Northern Routes | Southern Routes |
| Local | 3 | 3 |
| Express Monday through Saturday All day | B13 C17 | H13 H17 |

### Feeder routes

This station does not have connections to feeder routes.

### Inter-city service

This station does not have inter-city service.
# CSF Spartanii Sportul

Clubul de Fotbal Spartanii Sportul, commonly known as Spartanii Sportul, is a Moldovan professional football club based in Chișinău. They play in the Super Liga, the top tier of Moldovan football.

## Honours

* Divizia B
    Winners (2): 2015–16, 2018

## Current squad

    As of 6 October 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | MDA | Daniel Vîrlan |
| 2 | DF | MDA | Casile Cotoman |
| 3 | DF | GHA | Nicholas Osei Bonsu |
| 5 | MF | MDA | Andrei Sosnovschi |
| 6 | MF | NGA | Ganiu Olaniyan |
| 9 | FW | MDA | Nicolae Rotaru |
| 11 | FW | ZAM | Albert Kangwanda (on loan from Al-Hilal) |
| 14 | DF | GNB | Jorge Toto |
| 15 | MF | SEN | Hamed Dublan |
| 16 | MF | MDA | Mihail Sava |
| 17 | FW | POR | Anilsio |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 18 | FW | MDA | Ruslan Harb |
| 19 | FW | GHA | Nartey Korli |
| 21 | FW | GHA | Isaac Oppong |
| 22 | GK | GHA | Andrews Owusu |
| 25 | MF | NGA | Izuogu Chibueze (on loan from Enyimba Aba) |
| 28 | FW | MDA | Ciprian Chicu |
| 36 | DF | MDA | Marin Boghiu |
| 37 | MF | MDA | Pavel Gurulea |
| 77 | MF | MDA | Serghei Turcan |
| 90 | FW | CMR | Franck Mbella Etouga (on loan from El Masry) |
# George S. Campbell

George Stewart Campbell (8 July 1851 – 21 November 1927) was a Scottish-Canadian banker who served from 1923 to 1927 as president of the Bank of Nova Scotia.
# Kaddamakhi

Kaddamakhi (Russian: Каддамахи; Dargwa: Къаддамахьи) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kassagumakhinsky Selsoviet, Akushinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 94 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

## Geography

Kaddamakhi is located 39 km south of Akusha, the district's administrative centre, by road, on the Khunikotta River. Bikalamakhi is the nearest rural locality.
# Nandlal Choudhary

Nandlal Choudhary (born 14 October 1933) is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress(I) party. He is a Member of the 8th Lok sabha of India. He was also elected for Member of Legislative Assembly in 1962 from Khurai (Sagar).
# Skinny Legs and All (novel)

Skinny Legs and All, novelist Tom Robbins's fifth book, was published in 1990 by Bantam Books. As with all of Robbins's novels, it weaves disparate and seemingly unrelated themes into a single narrative.

## Plot introduction

The opening scene of Skinny Legs finds newlywed, Ellen Cherry Charles and Randolph "Boomer" Petway III driving cross-country in an Airstream that has been welded into the shape of a giant turkey by Cherry's fiancé, Boomer. During her journey to seek freedom as an artist, Cherry loses precious objects and observes Boomer attain greater artistic recognition. Through a metaphorical belly dancer, Skinny Legs and All confronts the veils of society, and the pain, pleasure and freedom derived as they are lifted. Irony, opposites and parallels, in relationships, art, artists, sex, politics and religion expose the danger of deeper issues in humanity; regarding outmoded gender and cultural roles and rituals, insecurity, guilt, indulgence, gluttony, occultism, war, violence, hypocrisy, greed, and psychosis.
The reader is introduced to an array of off-beat and exciting characters, including the estranged couple of artist/waitress Ellen Cherry and welder/accidental artist Randolph "Boomer" Petway; Spike Cohen and Roland Abu Hadee (a Jew and an Arab who co-own a Middle-Eastern restaurant across from the UN building in New York); fundamentalist preacher Buddy Winkler; a doe-eyed belly dancer named Salome; Detective Jackie Shaftoe; Raoul Ritz, the libidinous doorman turned rock star; pretentious art gallery owner Ultima Sommerville; a mysterious performance artist known as Turn Around Norman; and Verlin and Patsy Charles, Ellen Cherry's parents. A host of inanimate objects (Can o' Beans, Dirty Sock, Spoon, Painted Stick and Conch Shell) also play a key role in the novel, and even biblical "harlot" Jezebel and Dan Quayle make cameo appearances.

## Trivia

* Australian rock band Wolfmother conceived of its name from the novel.
* Ellen Cherry Charles was a minor character in Robbins's previous novel, Jitterbug Perfume.
* "Skinny Legs and All" is a 1967 song by Joe Tex.
# Panorays

Panorays is a SaaS-based, third-party security risk management platform. It was founded in 2016 and is headquartered in New York, United States.

## History

Matan Or-El, Meir Antar, and Demi Ben-Ari, created Panorays in 2016 as an automated third-party security risk management platform. In June 2018, Panorays received a $5 million funding round, led by Aleph venture capital. In December 2019, Panorays received $15 million in Series A funding, led by Oak HC/FT and former Palo Alto Networks chief executive officer, Lane Bess.

## Technology

The Panorays platform gives visibility into and control over third-party security risk through a three-pronged approach to risk assessment - automated vendor questionnaires, assessment of a third-party's external attack surface, and the nature and criticality of the business relationship. The platform also checks vendor compliance with multiple regulations, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS), and automates the Standardized Information Gathering (SIG) and Consensus Assessments Initiative Questionnaires (CAIQ). It continuously monitors and evaluates third-party security risk, helping companies ensure their vendors are in alignment with their security policies, regulations, and risk appetite.
# Prince Jones

Prince Carmen "Rocky" Jones Jr. (1975–September 1, 2000) was an African-American man killed by a police officer in September 2000 in Virginia. Author Ta-Nehisi Coates attended Jones' memorial service, and later wrote at length about Jones' life and death in his 2015 book Between the World and Me, noting that the tragedies of racism are impossible to escape for Black people, even those well-off.

## Biography

Jones was the son of Prince C. Jones Sr. and Dr. Mabel Jones, a physician and the daughter of a sharecropper. He attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., was a personal trainer at a Washington metropolitan area gym, and was set to enlist in the U.S. Navy. He had an infant daughter, Nina, with his fiancée Candace Carson. He was described as upstanding, religious, and a health food fanatic.

## Killing by police

On 1 September 2000, Jones was unarmed and driving his Jeep Cherokee to meet his fiancée. Undercover police officer Carlton Jones (no relation) of Prince George County, Maryland, followed Jones for 15 miles in an unmarked vehicle into Fairfax County, Virginia. Officer Jones displayed his gun and announced he was police, though he was not in uniform and did not display his badge. According to the officer, Prince Jones rammed the police vehicle with his Jeep, leading the officer to shoot at Jones' Jeep 16 times, striking him six times, including five times in the back. Two witnesses in the 2006 civil trial contradicted the officer's account; one testified that Jones' vehicle was not moving when the shots were fired.
Carlton Jones later explained the killing as a case of mistaken identity, and in October 2000 the county prosecutor, Fairfax County Commonwealth's Attorney Robert F. Horan Jr., declined to file criminal charges against Officer Jones. This decision aggrieved Prince Jones' family, friends, and local civil rights leaders, who noted Prince George County's documented history of police brutality and decried the continued failure of the criminal justice system to hold police accountable for serious misconduct. The county prosecutor's inaction was tantamount to "legitimizing murder", they said. The Prince George's Fraternal Order of Police lauded the prosecutor's decision, and of Officer Jones said "it's clear that he was defending himself."
A memorial service for Jones was held at Howard University. Jones, Ta-Nehisi Coates, and Carlton Jones had all spent their undergraduate years at Howard, although none of the men ultimately graduated from the university.
In January 2006, a Prince George County Circuit Court civil jury determined that Prince Jones's death at the hands of the Prince George County police was wrongful and awarded $3.7 million in damages to Prince Jones' family. Amounts to be paid to the parents were thrown out by the judge, and the parties reached a settlement of $2.5 million that was accepted as the final arrangement.
# 1950 (song)

"1950" is the debut single recorded by American singer-songwriter King Princess. It was released on December 10, 2017, by Zelig Recordings as the lead single from her debut EP, titled Make My Bed. "1950" is a tribute to the 1952 novel The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith. The song was performed on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and Saturday Night Live on November 8 and November 23, 2019, alongside her other single "Hit the Back".

## Music video

The music video and the single were both released on February 23, 2018. The video was directed by Clare Gillen. As of July 2023, it has over 21 million views on YouTube.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* King Princess – vocals, songwriting, production, programming, bass
* Mike Malchicoff – production
* Nick Long – songwriting
* Dave Kutch – mastering engineer
* Mike Malchicoff – recording engineer, mixing engineer
* Tommy Brenneck – mixing engineer

## Charts

Chart performance for "1950" :
| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 25 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 75 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 48 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 82 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 83 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 87 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 94 |
| US Adult Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 25 |
| US Alternative Airplay (Billboard) | 22 |
| US Rock Airplay (Billboard) | 29 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "1950" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 2× Platinum | 160,000$^‡$ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | 2× Platinum | 60,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "1950" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Various | February 23, 2018 | Digital downloadstreaming | ZeligColumbia |

## In other media

The 2020 Academy Award-winning animated short If Anything Happens I Love You featured the song.
# List of Surinamese writers

A list of notable Surinamese writers:

## A

* Clark Accord
* Willy Alberga
* Karin Amatmoekrim
* Bernardo Ashetu

## B

* Aphra Behn
* Bhai (James Ramlall)

## C

* Cándani

## D

* Thea Doelwijt
* Eugène Drenthe

## F

* Hans Faverey

## G

* Chitra Gajadin
* Henna Goudzand Nahar
* Trudi Guda

## H

* Albert Helman

## K

* Anton de Kom
* Ismene Krishnadath

## L

* Tessa Leuwsha
* Noni Lichtveld

## M

* Cynthia McLeod

## N

* David Nassy

## P

* André Pakosie
* Pim de la Parra
* Hugo Pos

## R

* Anil Ramdas
* Hélène Ramjiawan
* Sophie Redmond
* Astrid Roemer

## S

* Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout
* Shrinivási
* Marylin Simons
* Ronald Snijders
* John Gabriel Stedman
* Sharona Lieuw- On ( Shachem Lieuw)

## T

* Trefossa (Henny de Ziel)

## V

* Vene (Ronald Venetiaan)
* Wim Bos Verschuur
* Bea Vianen

## W

* Joanna Werners
# Saeeda Bano

Saeeda Bano (Urdu: سعیدہ بانو) (1920-2001) was an India news broadcaster who joined All India Radio in 1947 and subsequently became the first professional female news broadcaster in India, reading the news in Urdu. She also published a memoir titled Dagar Se Hat Kar (Off the Beaten Track) in 1994.

## Life

Bano spent her early childhood in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh and Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. At 17 she married Abbas Raza, a judge, but separated from him in 1947, moving with her children to Delhi to work as a news broadcaster. She was a friend of the singer and actress Begum Akhtar, and helped introduce her to society in Lucknow, including introducing Akhtar to her future husband, Ishtiaq Abbasi. After her separation from her husband, Bano entered into a long-term relationship with lawyer Nuruddin Ahmed, who later served as the mayor of India's capital, Delhi.

## Career

Following her separation from her husband, Bano applied for, and was accepted, to a job at the All India Radio, to read the news in Urdu. Prior to that, she had worked in a private radio station set up in Lucknow, which broadcast shows for women and children. She had written directly to diplomat and politician Vijay Lakshmi Pandit, who supported her application. Bano was the first woman to read the news as a public broadcaster in India. Bano has also described facing criticism for living alone as a single woman, and working professionally as a news broadcaster, during this period. She began her work on 13 August 1947, two days before India's independence day, marking the end of British colonial rule in India. In her memoir, Bano describes receiving letters from Indian audiences telling her to 'Go to Pakistan' following the partition of India and notes that while the amount of such letters reduced, she continued to receive them over the course of her career.
In 1994, Bano published a memoir in Urdu titled, Dagar Se Hat Kar, which was later translated to English as Off the Beaten Track by her granddaughter Shahana Raza. Bano has stated that she wrote the memoir at the encouragement of her friend, author and musician Sheila Dhar. The book won an award from the Urdu Academy in Delhi.