OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ushba

Ushba (Georgian: უშბა) is one of the most notable peaks of the Caucasus Mountains. It is located in the Svaneti region of Georgia, just south of the border with the Kabardino-Balkaria region of Russia. Although it does not rank in the 10 highest peaks of the range, Ushba is known as the "Matterhorn of the Caucasus" for its picturesque, spire-shaped double summit. Ushba is considered by many climbers as the most difficult ascent in the Caucasus.
In Georgian mythology, Ushba was thought to be the home of the hunting goddess Dali.

## Geography

Ushba's south summit is slightly higher than its north summit, which has an elevation of 4,690 m (15,387 ft). The north summit was first climbed in 1888 by John Garford Cokklin and Ulrich Almer, while the south summit saw its first ascent in 1903 by a German-Swiss-Austrian expedition led by Willi Rickmer Rickmers [de].
Ushba's north summit is more accessible than the south summit: the standard route, the Northeast Ridge, ascends from the Russian side of the range to a high plateau and thence to the summit. (Hence a summit ascent on this route technically involves crossing the border.) The route is graded French AD+ or Russian 4a. Routes on the south summit, from the Georgian side, include two routes graded French ED.

## Soviet era

Prior to the discovery in the late 1980s of the 4810m Peak 4810 in Karavshin, Ushba, together with Chatyn-Tau and Free Korea Peak in Kyrgyzstan, were considered some of the most difficult and prestigious peaks to climb in the former Soviet Union.

## Recent history

In August 2012, thunderstorms made the ascent of Ushba treacherous. One climber died and another, Andranik Miribyan, was stuck near the summit for four days after becoming trapped on a ledge by heavy snowfall. Due to high winds, rescuers were unable to reach him by helicopter and Andranik made the decision to descend the mountain, despite having no ice axe after his broke while clearing snow.
Russian tourists Victoria Bushuyeva, 30, and Andrey Sidorov, 36, went missing on Ushba in September, 2013.
# Siege of Vierraden

Siege of Vierraden was a siege of the castle in Vierraden, that took place in early 1425, during Uckermark War. The castle was besieged by the army of Margraviate of Brandenburg led by Frederick I. The fight was eventually won by the forces of Pomerania-Stettin, Pomerania-Wolgast, Pomerania-Stolp, Pomerania-Stargard, Mecklenburg-Stargard, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and Branderburgish forces had retreated.

## History

After the invading armies of Pomerania-Stettin, Pomerania-Wolgast, Pomerania-Stolp, Pomerania-Stargard, Mecklenburg-Stargard, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland had captured the town of Prenzlau, Frederick I, leader of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, had attacked with his army, enemy lines alongside the Oder river, and besieging the castle in Vierraden, where he eventually got defeated by Polish and Pomeranian forces and was forced to retreat.
# Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University 100th anniversary medal

The Jubilee medal of "100th Anniversary of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University (1921-2021)” (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universitetinin 100 illiyi (1921-2021)” Azərbaycan Respublikasının yubiley medalı) is a state award of Azerbaijan dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University. The award was established on December 14, 2021, in accordance with the amendments to the “Law on Establishment of Orders and Medals of Azerbaijan.

## Award description

The medal is made of bronze, coated with gold, and has a circular shape with a diameter of 36 mm. Its obverse side is contoured by inner and outer circles. Between these circles, at the top, the inscription “AZƏRBAYCAN DÖVLƏT PEDAQOJİ UNİVERSİTETİ” is displayed on a dark blue background, while at the bottom, the years “1921 – 2021” are inscribed. On either side of the years, wheat branches extend upwards, followed by an eight-pointed star. Within the inner circle, a composition is depicted on a golden background, featuring a crescent moon extending upwards and a book emblem symbolizing education at its center. Above this composition, the inscription “ADPU – 100” is engraved as a logo. The eight-pointed star, circle contours, crescent moon, book emblem, inscriptions, numbers, “ADPU – 100” logo, and wheat branches are all embossed in gold.
The reverse side of the medal features the inscription “ADPU – 100” in gold at the top. In the center, a relief engraving of the historical part of the main building of the institution designated by the relevant executive authority is depicted. At the bottom, the serial number of the medal is inscribed.

## Criteria for award

The “100th Anniversary of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University (1921 - 2021)” Jubilee Medal of the Republic of Azerbaijan is awarded to individuals who have achieved significant accomplishments in the fields of science, education, and teacher training, as well as those who have made notable contributions to the development of these areas and actively participated in social and cultural development. This includes employees and former employees of the relevant executive authority designated by the relevant authority, graduates, and Azerbaijani citizens, foreign nationals, and stateless persons who have rendered exceptional services in implementing state policies in science, education, and international cooperation, as well as contributing to the progress of the designated institution.

## Awarding body

The awarding body is defined in accordance with Article 23, Clause 23 (Powers of the President) of the Constitution of Azerbaijan. The Minister of Education of Azerbaijan has been authorized to award the anniversary medal based on the Presidential decree dated 13 December 2021.

## The way of wearing

The “100th Anniversary of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University (1921 - 2021)” Jubilee Medal is worn on the left side of the chest, following other orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
# Wilfred Ellershaw

Brigadier General Wilfred Ellershaw (1871 – 5 June 1916) was a British Army officer who served as aide-de-camp to Lord Kitchener.

## Early life and family

Ellershaw was the son of Reverend John Ellershaw. He was educated at Bloxham School in Oxfordshire. He married Katherine Ingles, daughter of Rear-Admiral John Ingles and Catherine Sophia Glennie, on 22 June 1899.

## Military career

Ellershaw was commissioned into the Royal Artillery. Between 1899 and 1906 he was an instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. He subsequently rose to the rank of brigadier-general. During the First World War he served as special service officer at the War Office and became the aide-de-camp to the British field marshal, Lord Kitchener.
Ellershaw died alongside Kitchener on 5 June 1916 when the ship he was on, HMS Hampshire, shortly after leaving Scapa Flow, struck a mine laid by a German U-boat.
Ellershaw is commemorated on the Hollybrook Memorial of Hollybrook Cemetery, located in Shirley, Southampton.
# Richard Hodgson-Huntley

Richard Hodgson-Huntley, also known as Richard Hodgson until 1870, (1 April 1812 – 22 December 1877) was a British Conservative Party politician and railway entrepreneur.

## Family

Known as Hodgson at the time, Hodgson-Huntley was the second son of John Hodgson and Sarah, daughter of Richard Huntley. He married Catherine Moneypenny, daughter of Anthony Compton. They had at least one child: Katherine Isabella.

## Political career

The then-Hodgson was elected a protectionist Conservative MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1837. He held the seat until 1847 when he stood down in order to contest Newcastle upon Tyne, a seat his brother, John Hodgson, was retiring from; he was unsuccessful.
Hodgson returned to Berwick-upon-Tweed to contest the 1852 general election and by-elections in 1853 and 1859 but failed to recapture the seat.
He later returned to parliament for Tynemouth and North Shields, elected at the by-election in 1861 and held the seat until 1865 when he was defeated.

## Railways

From 1855 to 1866, Hodgson-Huntley was the chairman of the North British Railway Board of Directors. He joined at a time of particular financial discordance, after former chairman John Learmonth had invested heavily in subscriptions to other railways, with huge sums being written off in failed ventures, and similar sized sums were being sought for new ones.
Hodgson-Huntley's reign saw the company's financial position significantly improved and, within one year of his chairmanship beginning, operating expenses were cut to 44% and he announced the company was free from debt, and a dividend of 2.5% to shareholders. Although the company's dividends varied during his chairmanship – such as in 1862 when capital commitments again swamped the company's financial resources – they regularly hit up to 3%.
Yet, twice in 1866, he proposed a 3% dividend on ordinary shares, only for the share price to decline. On the second occasion, a new company secretary, John Walker, alerted the finance committee to poor company finances. A new preference share issue had been flopped, and it was impossible to pay debenture interest and preference share-guaranteed dividends. This revelation saw ordinary shares fall in value by 8% overnight, and widespread financial impropriety and falsification accounts were blamed on Hodgson, causing a special general meeting on 14 November 1866. Hodgson decided not to attend, instead tendering his resignation from the board, while blaming his non-attendance on a headache.

## Other activities

He also chaired the Tweed Commissions, and a Justice of the Peace for Northumberland. In 1877, until his death, he was High Sheriff of Northumberland. In 1870 he ordered the first rebuilding of Carham Hall to create four bays along its Southern Elevation.
# Institute for Advanced Study at Central European University

47°30′05″N 19°02′00″E﻿ / ﻿47.501259°N 19.03329°E﻿ / 47.501259; 19.03329
The Institute for Advanced Study at Central European University (IAS CEU), previously known as Collegium Budapest, is a research institution in Budapest, Hungary.

## History

Established in 1992, it was originally planned for social sciences, but biology and physics were added later. The institute was modeled on the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. However, the continuation of the institute's funding was called into question by the Hungarian state. The Collegium Budapest was located in the old town hall of Budapest.
The educational institution was dissolved on September 30, 2011. The reason for the dissolution was financing problems. The activities of the Collegium have since been continued on a smaller scale by the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study at Central European University (CEU IAS). The CEU IAS is currently based in the Marczibányi Palace in the city center of Pest, October 6 Street. The founding director of the CEU IAS was Eva Fodor. Since September 2015, the CEU IAS has been headed by Nadja al-Baghdadi.
At the same time as the founding of the CEU IAS, the Central European University also took over the Raoul Wallenberg Guest House in Buda, which had previously belonged to the Collegium. The guest house was built in 1999 with funds from the Swedish Knut och Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swiss Landis & Gyr Foundation. The guest house is named after the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg.
# Richard Cambridge (actor)

Richard Cambridge is a film actor and producer, known for feature film Gran Turismo, Golden Years (2016), Hollyoaks (1995 TV series) and The IT Crowd (2006).

## Biography

Cambridge was born in Wiltshire UK. His parents divorced when he was young and he grew up with his father and two younger siblings. He was a company member of the Musical Youth Theatre Company with alumni including Andrew Lincoln, Indira Varma, Will Thorp, Jennifer Biddall, Adam Campbell, Tabitha Wady, Ella Smith, and Tom Payne.
Richard's first leading role was in the feature film Distant Bridges, playing Arthur Fisher, a young boy sent to fight in the first world war.
This was followed by a leading role in a short film Fishmonger's Daughter which was official selection at the Sundance Film Festival).
He has appeared in many commercials including for Butterfinger candy bars and an agent for Zovirax. He has also appeared in music videos "What Will You Do (When the Money Goes)?".
He played the role of 'Felix' in Sony Pictures blockbuster Gran Turismo. Released in cinemas in summer 2023 the movie has grossed over $120 m "Gran Turismo". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
Alongside being an actor, Richard is CTO of actors community WeAudition. Founded in 2015, Richard with actor partners Jessica Rose and Darren Darnborough founded Weaudition.com, a network for actors looking for scene readers, to help actors learn lines from a script.
Richard is a keen supporter of mental health.

## Career

As an actor Richard is known for playing the role of Pete Webster in Hollyoaks and his role in The IT Crowd.
Richard has appeared in feature films including Sony's Gran Turismo, Golden Years, as well as Forest of the Damned, (renamed Demonic for release in the USA), Idol of Evil alongside Adrian Bouchet, Cal, and Boogie Man.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Other notes |
| 1998 | The Fishmonger's Daughter | John Goodenough | (Short) and was premiered at the Sundance Film Festival |
| 1999 | Distant Bridges | Arthur Fisher | Film, billed as 'Richard Harbutt' |
| 2004 | Dark Green Fields | Andy | (Short) |
| 2005 | Forest of the Damned | Emilio | (known in US as Demonic) |
| 2008 | Chances | Jeff | (Short) |
| 2009 | Idol of Evil | David Hilton | |
| 2009 | Special Delivery | Nick Smith | (Short) (also producer) |
| 2011 | Eliminate:Archie Cookson | The Aide | |
| 2013 | Cal | Jim | |
| 2016 | Golden Years (2016 film) | Stephen | |
| 2018 | Boogie Man | TV Newscaster | |
| 2020 | Man Made | William | (Short) |
| 2023 | Gran Turismo | Felix | |
| Year | Television series | Role | Other notes |
| 1997 | Backup | Tony Squire | TV series, 2 episodes (billed as Richard Harbutt) |
| 2007 | The IT Crowd | Bad Guy | TV series, 1 episode |
| 2007 | Hollyoaks | Pete Webster | TV series, 16 episodes |
| 2011 | The Night Watch | Policeman | (TV film, based on Sarah Waters' 2006 novel, The Night Watch) |

## Awards and nominations

Richard won the Best Actor Award for the short Man Made at the London Movie Awards in 2022.
He won the Outstanding Achievement Award (Actor) for the short Man Made at the Indie Short Fest in 2023.
# List of NBA rivalries

Throughout more than 76 seasons, the National Basketball Association (NBA) has had many intense rivalries. This article lists some of the famous rivalries in the NBA. Rivalries are classified into three primary groups; intradivisional, interdivisional, and interconference.
Intradivisional rivalries comprise games between opponents in the same division. Since the 2004–05 NBA season, there are 30 teams in six divisions of five teams each. Each team plays each division opponent four times during the regular season (twice at home, twice away) for a total of 16 games out of 82 total regular season games.
Interdivisional rivalries comprise games between opponents in different divisions but within the same conference. A team plays against each team from the other two divisions in its conference either three or four times. The total interdivisional games an NBA team plays is 36. Conference games are often important, as a team's record in common games, as well as its overall record against its conference, are sometimes used as tiebreakers for playoff seeding at the end of the regular season. Also, many regular season opponents meet again in the playoffs, and the result of a regular season game can determine the team that will have home-court advantage in the playoff series.
Interconference rivalries comprise games between opponents in different conferences. A team plays each opponent from the other conference in one home game and one away game. The total interconference games an NBA team plays is 30.

## Eastern Conference
### Atlantic Division

* 76ers–Celtics rivalry
* Celtics–Knicks rivalry
* Knicks–Nets rivalry
* Nets–Raptors rivalry

### Central Division

* Bulls–Cavaliers rivalry
* Bulls–Pistons rivalry

### Southeast Division

* Heat–Magic rivalry

### Interdivisional

* Bulls–Knicks rivalry
* Celtics–Heat rivalry
* Celtics–Pistons rivalry
* Heat–Knicks rivalry
* Heat–Pacers rivalry
* Knicks–Pacers rivalry

## Western Conference
### Northwest Division

* Jazz–Nuggets rivalry
* Nuggets–Timberwolves rivalry

### Pacific Division

* Kings–Lakers rivalry
* Kings–Warriors rivalry
* Lakers–Clippers rivalry
* Lakers–Suns rivalry
* Lakers–Warriors rivalry
* SuperSonics–Trail Blazers rivalry (defunct/inactive)

### Southwest Division

* Mavericks–Rockets rivalry
* Mavericks–Spurs rivalry
* Rockets–Spurs rivalry

### Interdivisional

* Jazz–Rockets rivalry
* Lakers–Spurs rivalry
* Spurs–Suns rivalry

## Interconference rivalries

* Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry
* Celtics–Lakers rivalry
* Lakers–Pistons rivalry
# Rogačevo

Rogačevo is a small village located in the north-western part of North Macedonia, 26 km away from the city of Tetovo and 1 km away from the village of Jažince, the border crossing point with Kosovo. It used to be part of the former municipality of Vratnica.
Rogacevo is situated in the upper part of the Polog plain, at the foothills of the northern part of the Šar Mountains, under the Luboten peak. Around a hundred houses are present with about 500 people living here. Since the time the village was founded, it has been Christian Orthodox.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 347 inhabitants.<ref name = Statisticaloffice>Macedonian Census (2002), Book 5 - Total population according to the Ethnic Affiliation, Mother Tongue and Religion, The State Statistical Office, Skopje, 2002, p. 245.</
# Campbellton, Georgia

Campbellton is an unincorporated town in southwestern Fulton County, Georgia, United States. It was the original county seat for Campbell County, Georgia from 1828 until 1870, when the county seat was then moved to Fairburn, Georgia. The Atlanta & West Point Railroad line had been laid through nearby Fairburn in 1854. Business activity shifted to Fairburn which grew, and Campbellton's population dwindled. Campbell County then became part of Fulton in 1932. (ref. Old Campbell County Historical Society files, Palmetto, Georgia ref.)
# Frederica Mead Hiltner

Frederica Rutherford Mead Hiltner (June 15, 1890 – May 29, 1977) was an American educator and Presbyterian missionary in China.

## Early life and education

Mead was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, the daughter of Frederick Goodhue Mead and Marie Louise Myers Mead. Her father died before she was born. Architect William Rutherford Mead and sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead were her uncles. Her older brother Lawrence Myers Mead taught and worked in China for the YMCA. Her older sister Margaret Platt Mead (not the anthropologist of similar name) was a national and international leader of the YWCA. She graduated from Smith College in 1911, and earned a joint master's degree in English and Religious Education from Teachers College, Columbia University and Union Theological Seminary in 1918.

## Career

Mead was a Presbyterian missionary teacher, and the first Smith alumna on the faculty at Ginling College in Nanking. She taught from 1915 to 1922, with a furlough from 1916 to 1918 to attend graduate school in New York City. During World War I, she was a member of the Junior War Work Council of the YWCA. She spoke about her work to community groups in New Jersey in 1916 and in 1922.
Hiltner was active in the YWCA in Seattle. She was president of Christian Friends for Racial Equality, a Seattle civil rights organization,in the 1950s. She volunteered with the Omi Brotherhood [ja], an interdenominational Christian lay organization, and edited a collection of poems, Poems of East and West (1960) by the Omi Brotherhood founder, Merrell Vories.

## Publications

* "China's First Union College for Women" (1915)
* Poems of East and West (1960, editor)

## Personal life

Mead married widowed medical missionary Walter Garfield Hiltner in 1923. The couple returned to the United States from China in 1925, soon after their son Frederick died in infancy; they lived in Seattle, where their son John was born in 1926. Her husband was medical director of an insurance company in Seattle, and he died in 1951. She died in 1977, at the age of 86, in Seattle.
# Mortgage belt

The Mortgage belt is a term used in Australian politics to signify residential suburbs which have a high concentration of families mortgaging their homes.
Often the belt covers areas where homes could be considered more affordable yet the cost of servicing the mortgage loan represents a high proportion of the families' available income. Changes to cost of servicing a mortgage, seen through interest rate fluctuations, can trigger widespread satisfaction or dissatisfaction towards the government of the day.

## History

In the 2004 federal election, the media played up the narrative the mortgage belt voted highly in favour of the Coalition, in fear that economic management under the Australian Labor Party could increase interest rates. The Coalition ran a fear campaign on the issue and this became one of the keystones which helped it win a successive fourth term. However, it is generally agreed that governments have little control over interest rates, which are set by the Reserve Bank of Australia. There is little evidence in the political science literature to support the media's narrative for the mortgage belt making negative economic assessments of the Labor Party instead leader effects had a far larger impact on vote choice with a significant effect for negative assessments of the Labor leader, Mark Latham, on the defection of Labor partisans to the Coalition.
In March 2005, interest rates rose by a quarter of a percent.
Mortgage belt areas played a significant role in the 2007 election, where Labor won back many mortgage belt Liberal strongholds won in the 1996 election due to general disaffection with the incumbent government, as well as high interest rates.

## International use

The term has also seen use in New Zealand by political and economic commentators.