OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shoots and Ladders

"Shoots and Ladders" is a song written and recorded by the American nu metal band Korn for their self-titled debut album. It was released as the album's third single in 1995.

## Music and structure

The title is a mockery of American children's game Chutes and Ladders (also known in the United Kingdom as Snakes and Ladders), with the song's lyrics mostly consisting of nursery rhymes. It is the first Korn song to feature bagpipes. The song uses the following nursery rhymes in its lyrics:
* "Ring a Ring o' Roses"
* "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe"
* "London Bridge Is Falling Down"
* "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep"
* "This Old Man"
* "Mary Had a Little Lamb"

## Concept

"It was written because all these little kids sing these nursery rhymes and they don't know what they originally meant. Everyone is so happy when singing 'Ring Around the Rosie' but it is about the Black Plague. All of them have these evil stories behind them." – Jonathan Davis

## Music video

The video for "Shoots and Ladders" was directed by McG and shows clips of Korn performing in front of an energetic crowd, similar to "Blind". Korn is also seen performing in front of a fake castle-like building. Munky can be seen with duct tape over his mouth while coming out from a field of weeds. In the beginning, Jonathan can be seen tied up and hanging upside down. Head, Fieldy, and David appear in various clips as well, but is not very specific. The video premiered in June 1995. "Shoots and Ladders" was filmed at Golf N' Stuff in Norwalk, California.

## Awards

The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1997 for Best Metal Performance. This would be Korn's first nomination in any Grammy category.

## Track listing

(Source:)

### US radio promo

* CD5"
* "Shoots and Ladders" – 3:39 (radio edit)
* "Sean Olson" – 4:45 (radio edit)

### UK radio promo

* 10"
Side A:
* "Shoots and Ladders (Hip Hop Remix)" – 4:07
* "Shoots and Ladders (Hyper Remix)" – 2:32
Side B:
* "Shoots and Ladders (Industrial Remix)" – 3:50
* "Shoots and Ladders (Industrial Instrumental)" – 3:59

## Credits
### Korn

* Jonathan Davis – vocals, bagpipes
* Munky – guitar
* Head – guitar
* Fieldy – bass
* David Silveria – drums

### Other

* Ross Robinson – production
* Eddy Schreyer – mastering
* Stephen Stickler – photography
* Jay Papke/Dante Ariola – art direction and design
* Chuck Johnson – engineering and mixing
# Battle of Samugarh

Battle of Samugarh, Jang-e-Samugarh, (May 29, 1658), was a decisive battle in the struggle for the throne during the Mughal war of succession (1658–1659) between the sons of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan after the emperor's serious illness in September 1657. The battle of Samugarh was the second battle fought between Dara Shikoh (the eldest son and heir apparent) and his three younger brothers Aurangzeb, Shah Shuja and Murad Baksh (third and fourth sons of Shah Jahan) to decide who would be the heir of the throne after their father.

## Background

Both sides had around 50,000 to 60,000 men however Aurangzeb was a much better general and his army was more experienced. Dara depended on his Hada Rajputs and Saiyids of Barha but the major bulk of his army was hastily recruited and had no experience in war. Dara was also overconfident and did not try to get help from the nobility of his father's empire.

## Battle

Dara Shikoh started the battle with cannonade, which continued for one hour. Dara's cavalry under Rustam then attacked Aurangzeb's artillery under Saif Shikan Khan, Rustam was soon attacked by Aurangzeb's infantry and both sides started cutting into each other. However, Dara's van continued to weaken as Rustam Khan died fighting and his men fled after his death. In Aurangzeb's army, Bahadur Khan was seriously wounded and fell from his horse, but Aurangzeb quickly sent reinforcements under Shaikh Mir to Bahadur's aid. The Rajputs of Dara, who formed the vanguard and right wing were able to penetrate into Auragzeb's van and attacked Zulfiqar and Murad. Murad was wounded in the fight and the left wing of Aurangzeb was completely routed by the Rajputs, who now attacked Aurangzeb's centre. However, Aurangzeb used his numbers to cut down the Rajputs and check their advance. Dara Shukoh, upon seeing the Rajputs fall, became indecisive and chose to dismount his elephant and retreat. According to Saqi Mustad Khan, Dara had control of his large reserves and Aurangzeb's army had grown tired. However, Dara, instead of reinforcing his van, chose to escape from the battlefield. Resulting in a decisive victory for Aurangzeb.
During the battle, the Mughal artillery of both armies included iron-cased rocket artillery. French traveller François Bernier was present during the battle, describing the Mughal ban iron rockets used in the battle.$^{:133}$

## Conclusion

Dara Shikoh's army fled to Goindwal where Guru Har Rai had deployed his army, the Akal Sena, to prevent and delay Aurangzeb's army from pursuing Dara Shikoh.
After his victory, Aurangzeb would go on to imprison his brother Murād and father Shah Jahān, while Dara, escaped and tried to fight Aurangzeb again but was defeated and executed in 1659.
# Administrative divisions of Karnataka

Karnataka a state in southern India was formed on November 1, 1956. The state is divided into 4 divisions.
* Bengaluru
* Belagavi
* Kalaburagi
* Mysuru

## References and Additional Resources

* Karnataka Website
* This article related to a location in Karnataka is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cothurus

Cothurus is a genus of tumbling flower beetles in the family Mordellidae. There are about seven described species in Cothurus.

## Species

These seven species belong to the genus Cothurus:
* Cothurus bordoni Franciscolo, 1987
* Cothurus brulei Leblanc, 2013
* Cothurus constantini Leblanc, 2013
* Cothurus dalensi Leblanc, 2013
* Cothurus fernandezi Leblanc, 2013
* Cothurus poirieri Leblanc, 2013
* Cothurus touroulti Leblanc, 2013
# Urszula Urbaniak

Urszula Urbaniak (born 27 December 1962) is a Polish filmmaker and television director.
Urszula Urbaniak graduated in directing from the National Film School in Łódź (PWSFTviT) in 1991. She then went on to gain an M.A. in Directing at the National Film and Television School in the United Kingdom. She has directed shorts, documentaries and several dramas for Polish television. Those dramas include Nina (1994), Górski Hotel (from Václav Havel's play, 1995), Myra Gets Married (from F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1996) and Room 303 (1997).
In 1999, her film The Junction (Torowisko) won several awards including First Film Special Distinction at the Montréal World Film Festival, the Jury Prize at the Sarajevo Film Festival and the Audience Award at the Torino International Festival of Young Cinema.
She has since worked on several Polish TV productions including Na Wspólnej, Egzamin z Życia and Odwróceni.
# Taihō (era)

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Taihō (大宝) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after a late 7th century interruption in the sequence of nengō after Shuchō and before Keiun. This period spanned the years from March 701 through May 704. The reigning emperor was Monmu-tennō (文武天皇).

## History

In 701, also known as Taihō gannen (大宝元年), the new era name Taihō (meaning "Great Treasure") was proclaimed to memorialize the creation of the "great treasure" of codified organization and laws. The new era commenced on the 21st day of the 3rd month of 701.

### Timeline

* Timelines of early Japanese nengō and Imperial reign dates
The system of Japanese era names was not the same as Imperial reign dates.

## Events of the Taihō era

* 701 (Taihō 1): Plans for sending a diplomatic mission to the Tang court were approved.
* 702 (Taihō 2): The Taihō Code or Code of Taihō (大宝律令, Taihō-ritsuryō) or Taihōryō reorganizing the central government and completing many of the reforms begun by the Taika Reforms in 646.
* 702 (Taihō 2): A mission to the Tang court, led by Awata no Mahito (粟田真人), embarked on their journey to China, traveling by ship. This was called the "embassy of Taihō" because it was begun during this era.
# Gávea

Gávea is an affluent residential neighborhood located in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It borders São Conrado, Leblon, Lagoa and Jardim Botânico neighborhoods and is famous for its high concentration of artists. PUC-Rio, as well as several schools, are located in the neighborhood. Gávea is well known because of the "Baixo Gávea" area, which is considered a Bohemian quarter.
The first Europeans to have lived in what would become the neighborhood were the French, who came to extract Brazilwood. On July 16, 1565, the neighbourhood was named Gávea for the first time, by Estácio de Sá.

## Etymology

The neighborhood is named Gávea (which means topsail in Portuguese) because of an 852 m peak (Gávea Rock, or Pedra da Gávea) that resembles the topsail of the carrack, a sailing ship.

## Sports

The Hipódromo da Gávea is a horse racing venue located in the neighborhood. Estádio da Gávea the home of CR Flamengo football club, despite being named after the neighborhood, is located in the Lagoa neighborhood. Gávea was the site of a street circuit that hosted Grand Prix racing in the 1930s and 1940s.

## Notable people

* Yasmin Brunet, model
* Vinicius de Moraes, poet, diplomat, lyricist
# Manumission inscriptions at Delphi

The archaeological site of Delphi is an incredible source of information on Greek epigraphy. The most numerous single category of inscriptions are the manumission inscriptions, which reach roughly a number of 1300.

## Acts of manumission

In antiquity, manumission was the act of freeing slaves by their owners. Slaves belonged to their masters until they served long enough or until they gathered the necessary sum of money for their liberation. When that moment came, the act of manumission had to be guaranteed by a god, most commonly Apollo. The slave was thus fictitiously sold to the deity, so that the sale action could never be violated. The act was recorded on inscriptions with a rather formulaic expression. The majority of the manumission inscriptions of Delphi are gathered in two main spots: on the supporting wall of the parodoi of the theatre and on the polygonal wall, particularly the part which served as back wall to the portico of the Athenians. Most of the inscriptions date between 200 B.C. and 100 A.D.

## Manumission inscriptions as a source of information

Despite their stylized expressions, these inscriptions offer an insights into Greek social and demographic history. Over 60% of the manumission inscriptions of Delphi concern female slaves. A comparison of prices proves that most female slaves were manumitted at a price roughly 20% lower than men. However, it seems that liberation in many cases was not complete: slaves are required under a paramone clause to stay with their ex masters for a specific period of time or until the latter passed away. One wonders what kind of freedom this was, but it seems that in some cases this was considered better than nothing, as the master did not have complete rights of life and death over them; furthermore, there were cases in which the slaves had become almost members of the family, so they did not want to be separated from their social environment, yet they would rather have the choice. The manumission acts were usually attended by witnesses, whose names are also mentioned on the inscription. The other people mentioned are the priests of the temple of Apollo and thus manumission inscriptions constitute an excellent source for tracing the succession lists of the priesthood of Delphi.
A careful examination of the names and place of origin of those who liberated their slaves proves that the "trend" of liberating slaves in Delphi came with the advent of the Aetolians. The majority of masters were of Aetolian origin at least in the first century. However, the trend soon spread and the next two largest categories are, naturally, Locrians and Phocians, who lived nearby.
# Tert-Butylamine

tert-Butylamine (also erbumine and other names) is an organic chemical compound with the formula (CH$_3$)$_3$CNH$_2$. It is a colorless liquid with a typical amine-like odor. tert-Butylamine is one of the four isomeric amines of butane, the others being n-butylamine, sec-butylamine and isobutylamine.

## Preparation

tert-Butylamine is produced commercially by direct amination of isobutylene using zeolite catalysts:
    NH$_3$ + CH$_2$=C(CH$_3$)$_2$ → H$_2$NC(CH$_3$)$_3$
The Ritter reaction of isobutene with hydrogen cyanide is not useful because it produces too much waste.
    (CH$_3$)$_2$C=CH$_2$ + HCN + H$_2$O → (CH$_3$)$_3$CNHCHO
    (CH$_3$)$_3$CNHCHO + H$_2$O → (CH$_3$)$_3$CNH$_2$ + HCO$_2$H
In the laboratory, it can be prepared by the hydrogenolysis of 2,2-dimethylethylenimine, or via tert-butylphthalimide.

## Uses

tert-Butylamine is used as an intermediate in the preparation of the sulfenamides such as N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide and N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenimide. As rubber accelerators, these compounds modify the rate of vulcanization of rubber. A variety of pesticides are derived from this amine, including terbacil, terbutryn, and terbumeton.
In pharmacology under the name erbumine, tert-butylamine has been used as a counterion in drug substances such as perindopril erbumine.
# Anthimus II of Constantinople

Anthimus II of Constantinople (Greek: Ἄνθιμος Β΄) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople for a few months in 1623.

## Life

Anthimus was born in Constantinople to a noble and rich family. Before he was elected as Patriarch of Constantinople, he was Metropolitan of Adrianople.
His short reign has to be considered in the context of the clash between the pro-Calvinist Patriarch Cyril I of Constantinople, supported by the Dutch and English ambassadors, and his opponents supported by the French, Austrian and Republic of Venice ambassadors to the Ottoman capital. The latter were successful at persuading the Grand Vizier to depose Cyril I on 12 April 1623 and to appoint in his place the blind and old Gregory IV of Constantinople. The Metropolitans and the bishops were unsatisfied with Gregory IV because he had not been canonically elected by the Holy Synod. Thus, on 18 June 1623, the Holy Synod deposed Gregory IV and formally elected Anthimus II as Patriarch of Constantinople.
Anthimus II, even if politically supported by the Catholic governments, remained a strong and good Orthodox. He sent metropolitans to Rhodes, where Lucaris was temporarily exiled, to persuade him to retire to Mount Athos, but without success. On the contrary, Lucaris, thanks to the Calvinist Dutch ambassador, returned to Constantinople and produced false instruments of credit for 20,000 Livres on the Patriarchate. Anthimus II could not find such large amount and was forced to abdicate on 22 September 1623. Subsequently, Cyril I returned on the patriarchal throne for the third time.
After his resignation, Anthimus II retired on Mount Athos where he died in 1628.
# Simon of Cremona

Simon of Cremona (d. in Padua, 1390) was a writer and well-known preacher of the Augustinian Order. He worked during the late fourteenth century in Northern Italy, especially in Venice.

## Works

Excerpts from his sermons were published under the title of Postilla super Evangliis et Epistolis Omnium Dominicarum. These excerpts include:
* In Quatuor Libros Sententiarum
* Quaestiones de indulgentia Portiunculaee
* Quaestiones de sanguine Christi
# Rod Pacheco

Rodric Anthony Pacheco (born May 7, 1958), more commonly known as Rod Pacheco, is an American politician, formerly a District Attorney from 2007 to 2011 in Riverside County, California.
He served in the California State Assembly from 1996 to 2002, and as Republican leader from 1998 to 1999. Pacheco was defeated on June 8, 2010, in his bid for a second term as Riverside County District Attorney.

## Education

In 1976 Pacheco graduated from Aquinas High School in San Bernardino, California. He received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Sociology from the University of California, Riverside in 1980. He received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of San Diego School of Law in 1983.

## Career
### Prosecution career

Pacheco began working for the Riverside County District Attorney's Office in 1984.

### Assembly career

Pacheco ran for the California State Assembly in 1996. With his victory, he became the first Latino Republican elected in more than a century, and was elected Leader of the Republican caucus, the first time in the state's history that a Latino served in that capacity.

### Return to District Attorney's Office

In 2002, Pacheco concluded his legislative service and returned to the Riverside County District Attorney's Office as a Chief Deputy District Attorney. In 2003, he was promoted to Assistant District Attorney for the Western Division.
In 2006, Pacheco was elected the Riverside County District Attorney without any opposition. He was sworn in as District Attorney on the steps of Riverside County's Historic Courthouse by California Supreme Court Chief Justice Ronald M. George.

### Private law practice

Pacheco was defeated on June 8, 2010, in his bid for reelection as District Attorney by Riverside County Superior Court Judge Paul Zellerbach. After the election, Pacheco said in a statement to the Press Enterprise, "It has been my honor to serve the citizens of Riverside County in a variety of capacities for many years. I look forward to my entrance into private life."
# Santa Rosa (Mieres)

Santa Rosa is one of 15 parishes (administrative divisions) in Mieres, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

## Villages

* Agradiellos
* Baltesara
* Carrespientes
* Cutuperal
* El Barrio Solano
* El Cabanín
* El Campizu
* El Cantiquín
* El Carbayón
* El Cau
* El Colléu
* El Cruce
* El Fresneal
* El Peñón
* El Prurriúndu
* El Quempu
* El Quentu
* El Rebullu
* El Sordán
* El Vescón
* Entelosríos
* L'Acibíu
* L'Acíu
* La Cantera
* La Carba
* La Casacima
* La Casería
* La Corranuxa
* La Envernal
* La Felguera
* La Insierta
* La Llavaera
* La Llonga
* La Mozquita
* La Segá
* La Xagosa
* La Yana les Duernes
* Los Nadales
* Los Pontones
* Los Quintanales
* Los Torneros
* Piedrafita
* Planta
* Polio
* Quentuserrón
* Respines
* Returbiu
* Santa Rosa
* Santu Miano
* Vegaotos
# King Xuan of Chu

King Xuan of Chu (Chinese: 楚宣王; pinyin: Chǔ Xuān Wáng), personal name Xiong Liangfu, was from 369 BC to 340 BC the king of the Chu state.
King Xuan succeeded his older brother, King Su, who died without issue in 370 BC. During King Xuan's reign, Chu sent troops to aid the Zhao state during an invasion by the Wei state in 354 BC.
King Xuan died in 340 BC after 30 years of reign and was succeeded by his son, King Wei.
# Harvey Creek (New York)

Harvey Creek flows into the Black River at Bushes Landing, about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) east of Watson, New York.
# Sheela Kaur

Sheela Kaur is a former Indian actress who has starred in several Telugu and Tamil films along with a few Malayalam and Kannada films. She is known for her performances in Nandha, Adhurs, Parugu and Veerasamy.

## Career

When she was casually walking to school, she was spotted by the crew of the film Rajakumaran who chose her for the role of younger version of Nadhiya as she resembled her.

## Personal life

On 12 March 2020, Kaur married businessman named Santhosh Reddy in Chennai.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
| 1994 | Rajakumaran | young Vaidehi | Tamil | Child artist |
| 1995 | Ayudha Poojai | Sumathi | Tamil | child artist |
| 1996 | Poove Unakkaga | Meena | Tamil | Child artist |
| 1997 | Surya Vamsam | Vasantha's daughter | Tamil | Child artist |
| 1997 | Rettai Jadai Vayasu | Sheela, Jeeva's niece | Tamil | Child artist |
| 1998 | Golmaal | Aishwarya's niece | Tamil | Child artist |
| 1998 | Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen | Radha's niece | Tamil | Child artist |
| 1999 | Maya | Jayasurya | Tamil | Child artist |
| 2001 | Nandha | Chitra | Tamil | Child artist |
| 2001 | Dheena | Priya | Tamil | Child artist |
| 2001 | Dumm Dumm Dumm | Ganga's Sister | Tamil | Child artist |
| 2002 | Unnai Ninaithu | Radha's sister | Tamil | Child artist |
| 2006 | Seethakoka Chiluka | Lakshmi | Telugu | |
| 2007 | Veerasamy | Senthamizh | Tamil | |
| 2007 | Raju Bhai | Anjali | Telugu | |
| 2007 | Cheena Thaana 001 | Priya | Tamil | |
| 2007 | Hello Premistara | Nandini | Telugu | |
| 2007 | Kanna | Annapooranii Raghunathan | Tamil | |
| 2008 | Vedha | Vedha | Tamil | |
| 2008 | Parugu | Meenakshi Neelakantam | Telugu | |
| 2008 | Mayabazar | Maya | Malayalam | |
| 2009 | Maska | Manju Simhachalam | Telugu | |
| 2009 | Prem Kahani | Sandhya | Kannada | |
| 2010 | Adhurs | Nandhu | Telugu | |
| 2010 | Thanthonni | Helen | Malayalam | |
| 2010 | Makeup Man | Surya | Malayalam | |
| 2011 | Parama Veera Chakra | Sheila | Telugu | |
| 2018 | Hyper | Bhanumathi | Kannada | |