# United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce

The Committee on Energy and Commerce is one of the oldest standing committees of the United States House of Representatives. Established in 1795, it has operated continuously—with various name changes and jurisdictional changes—for more than 200 years. The two other House standing committees with such continuous operation are the House Ways and Means Committee and the House Rules Committee. The committee has served as the principal guide for the House in matters relating to the promotion of commerce and to the public's health and marketplace interests, with the relatively recent addition of energy considerations among them. Due to its broad jurisdiction, it is considered one of the most powerful committees in the House.

## Role of the committee

The House Committee on Energy and Commerce has developed what is arguably the broadest (non-tax-oriented) jurisdiction of any congressional committee. The committee maintains principal responsibility for legislative oversight relating to telecommunications, consumer protection, food and drug safety, public health, air quality and environmental health, the supply and delivery of energy, and interstate and foreign commerce. This jurisdiction extends over five Cabinet-level departments and seven independent agencies—from the Department of Energy, Health and Human Services, the Transportation Department to the Federal Trade Commission, Food and Drug Administration, and Federal Communications Commission—and sundry quasi-governmental organizations.

## Jurisdiction

The Energy and Commerce Committee has the broadest jurisdiction of any authorizing committee in Congress. It legislates on a wide variety of issues, including:
* health care, including mental health and substance abuse
* health insurance, including Medicare and Medicaid
* biomedical research and development
* food, drug, device and cosmetic safety
* environmental protection
* clean air and climate change
* safe drinking water
* toxic chemicals and hazardous waste
* national energy policy
* renewable energy and conservation
* nuclear facilities
* electronic communications and the internet
* broadcast and cable television
* privacy, cybersecurity and data security
* consumer protection and product safety
* motor vehicle safety
* travel, tourism and sports
* interstate and foreign commerce

## Members, 119th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Brett Guthrie, Kentucky, Chair Bob Latta, Ohio Morgan Griffith, Virginia Gus Bilirakis, Florida Richard Hudson, North Carolina Buddy Carter, Georgia Gary Palmer, Alabama Neal Dunn, Florida Dan Crenshaw, Texas John Joyce, Pennsylvania Randy Weber, Texas Rick Allen, Georgia Troy Balderson, Ohio Russ Fulcher, Idaho August Pfluger, Texas Diana Harshbarger, Tennessee Mariannette Miller-Meeks, Iowa Kat Cammack, Florida Jay Obernolte, California John James, Michigan Cliff Bentz, Oregon Erin Houchin, Indiana Russell Fry, South Carolina Laurel Lee, Florida Nick Langworthy, New York Thomas Kean Jr., New Jersey Michael Rulli, Ohio Gabe Evans, Colorado Craig Goldman, Texas Julie Fedorchak, North Dakota | Frank Pallone, New Jersey, Ranking Member Diana DeGette, Colorado Jan Schakowsky, Illinois Doris Matsui, California Kathy Castor, Florida Paul Tonko, New York Yvette Clarke, New York Raul Ruiz, California Scott Peters, California Debbie Dingell, Michigan Marc Veasey, Texas Robin Kelly, Illinois Nanette Barragán, California Darren Soto, Florida Kim Schrier, Washington Lori Trahan, Massachusetts Lizzie Fletcher, Texas, Vice Ranking Member Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, New York Jake Auchincloss, Massachusetts Troy Carter, Louisiana Rob Menendez, New Jersey Kevin Mullin, California Greg Landsman, Ohio Jennifer McClellan, Virginia |
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 13 (Chair), H.Res. 14 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 21 (R), H.Res. 22 (D), H.Res. 40 (Menendez)

## Subcommittees

To manage the wide variety of issues it encounters, the committee relies on the front-line work of six subcommittees, one more than during the 111th Congress. During the 111th Congress, Chairman Henry Waxman combined the traditionally separate energy and environment subcommittees into a single subcommittee. New Chairman Fred Upton restored them as separate subcommittees at the start of the 112th Congress, and they have been retained to this day.
| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
| Communications and Technology | Richard Hudson (R-NC) | Doris Matsui (D-CA) |
| Energy | Bob Latta (R-OH) | Kathy Castor (D-FL) |
| Environment | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) | Paul Tonko (D-NY) |
| Health | Buddy Carter (R-GA) | Diana DeGette (D-CO) |
| Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Gary Palmer (R-AL) | Yvette Clarke (D-NY) |

## Historical membership rosters
### 118th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington, Chair Michael C. Burgess, Texas Bob Latta, Ohio Brett Guthrie, Kentucky Morgan Griffith, Virginia Gus Bilirakis, Florida Bill Johnson, Ohio (until January 21, 2024) Larry Bucshon, Indiana Richard Hudson, North Carolina Tim Walberg, Michigan Buddy Carter, Georgia Jeff Duncan, South Carolina Gary Palmer, Alabama Neal Dunn, Florida John Curtis, Utah Debbie Lesko, Arizona Greg Pence, Indiana Dan Crenshaw, Texas John Joyce, Pennsylvania Kelly Armstrong, North Dakota, Vice Chair Randy Weber, Texas Rick Allen, Georgia Troy Balderson, Ohio Russ Fulcher, Idaho August Pfluger, Texas Diana Harshbarger, Tennessee Mariannette Miller-Meeks, Iowa Kat Cammack, Florida Jay Obernolte, California John James, Michigan | Frank Pallone, New Jersey, Ranking Member Anna Eshoo, California Diana DeGette, Colorado Jan Schakowsky, Illinois Doris Matsui, California Kathy Castor, Florida John Sarbanes, Maryland Paul Tonko, New York Yvette Clarke, New York Tony Cárdenas, California Raul Ruiz, California Scott Peters, California Debbie Dingell, Michigan Marc Veasey, Texas Annie Kuster, New Hampshire Robin Kelly, Illinois Nanette Barragán, California Lisa Blunt Rochester, Delaware Darren Soto, Florida Angie Craig, Minnesota Kim Schrier, Washington, Vice Ranking Member Lori Trahan, Massachusetts Lizzie Fletcher, Texas |
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 14 (Chair), H.Res. 15 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 56 (R), H.Res. 57 (D), H.Res. 1133 (R)

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
| Communications and Technology | Bob Latta (R-OH) | Doris Matsui (D-CA) |
| Energy, Climate and Grid Security | Jeff Duncan (R-SC) | Diana DeGette (D-CO) |
| Environment, Manufacturing and Critical Minerals | Bill Johnson (R-OH) | Paul Tonko (D-NY) |
| Health | Brett Guthrie (R-KY) | Anna G. Eshoo (D-CA) |
| Innovation, Data and Commerce | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) | Kathy Castor (D-FL) |

### 117th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Frank Pallone, New Jersey, Chair Bobby Rush, Illinois Anna Eshoo, California Diana DeGette, Colorado Mike Doyle, Pennsylvania Jan Schakowsky, Illinois G. K. Butterfield, North Carolina Doris Matsui, California Kathy Castor, Florida John Sarbanes, Maryland Jerry McNerney, California Peter Welch, Vermont Paul Tonko, New York Yvette Clarke, New York Kurt Schrader, Oregon Tony Cárdenas, California Raul Ruiz, California Scott Peters, California Debbie Dingell, Michigan Marc Veasey, Texas Ann McLane Kuster, New Hampshire Robin Kelly, Illinois, Vice Chair Nanette Barragán, California Donald McEachin, Virginia (until November 28, 2022) Lisa Blunt Rochester, Delaware Darren Soto, Florida Tom O'Halleran, Arizona Kathleen Rice, New York Angie Craig, Minnesota Kim Schrier, Washington Lori Trahan, Massachusetts Lizzie Fletcher, Texas | Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington, Ranking Member Fred Upton, Michigan Michael C. Burgess, Texas Steve Scalise, Louisiana Bob Latta, Ohio Brett Guthrie, Kentucky David McKinley, West Virginia Adam Kinzinger, Illinois Morgan Griffith, Virginia Gus Bilirakis, Florida Bill Johnson, Ohio Billy Long, Missouri Larry Bucshon, Indiana Markwayne Mullin, Oklahoma Richard Hudson, North Carolina Tim Walberg, Michigan Buddy Carter, Georgia Jeff Duncan, South Carolina Gary Palmer, Alabama Neal Dunn, Florida John Curtis, Utah Debbie Lesko, Arizona Greg Pence, Indiana Dan Crenshaw, Texas John Joyce, Pennsylvania Kelly Armstrong, North Dakota |
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 9 (Chair), H.Res. 10 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 62 (D), H.Res. 63 (R)

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
| Communications and Technology | Mike Doyle (D-PA) | Bob Latta (R-OH) |
| Consumer Protection and Commerce | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) |
| Energy | Bobby Rush (D-IL) | Fred Upton (R-MI) |
| Environment and Climate Change | Paul Tonko (D-NY) | David McKinley (R-WV) |
| Health | Anna G. Eshoo (D-CA) | Brett Guthrie (R-KY) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Diana DeGette (D-CO) | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) |

### 116th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Frank Pallone, New Jersey, Chair Bobby Rush, Illinois Anna Eshoo, California Eliot Engel, New York Diana DeGette, Colorado Mike Doyle, Pennsylvania Jan Schakowsky, Illinois G. K. Butterfield, North Carolina Doris Matsui, California Kathy Castor, Florida John Sarbanes, Maryland Jerry McNerney, California Peter Welch, Vermont Ben Ray Luján, New Mexico Paul Tonko, New York Yvette Clarke, New York, Vice Chair Dave Loebsack, Iowa Kurt Schrader, Oregon Joe Kennedy III, Massachusetts Tony Cárdenas, California Raul Ruiz, California Scott Peters, California Debbie Dingell, Michigan Marc Veasey, Texas Ann McLane Kuster, New Hampshire Robin Kelly, Illinois Nanette Barragán, California Donald McEachin, Virginia Lisa Blunt Rochester, Delaware Darren Soto, Florida Tom O'Halleran, Arizona | Greg Walden, Oregon, Ranking Member Fred Upton, Michigan John Shimkus, Illinois Michael C. Burgess, Texas Steve Scalise, Louisiana Bob Latta, Ohio Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington Brett Guthrie, Kentucky Pete Olson, Texas David McKinley, West Virginia Adam Kinzinger, Illinois Morgan Griffith, Virginia Gus Bilirakis, Florida Bill Johnson, Ohio Billy Long, Missouri Larry Bucshon, Indiana Bill Flores, Texas Susan Brooks, Indiana Markwayne Mullin, Oklahoma Richard Hudson, North Carolina Tim Walberg, Michigan Buddy Carter, Georgia Jeff Duncan, South Carolina Greg Gianforte, Montana |
Sources: H.Res. 7 (Chair), H.Res. 8 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 42 (D), H.Res. 68 (R)

#### Subcommittees

| Subcommittee | Chair | Ranking Member |
| Communications and Technology | Mike Doyle (D-PA) | Bob Latta (R-OH) |
| Consumer Protection and Commerce | Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) | Gus Bilirakis (R-FL) |
| Energy | Bobby Rush (D-IL) | Fred Upton (R-MI) |
| Environment and Climate Change | Paul Tonko (D-NY) | David McKinley (R-WV) |
| Health | Anna Eshoo (D-CA) | Brett Guthrie (R-KY) |
| Oversight and Investigations | Diana DeGette (D-CO) | Morgan Griffith (R-VA) |

### 115th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Greg Walden, Oregon, Chair Joe Barton, Texas, Vice Chair Fred Upton, Michigan John Shimkus, Illinois Michael C. Burgess, Texas Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee Steve Scalise, Louisiana Bob Latta, Ohio Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington Gregg Harper, Mississippi Leonard Lance, New Jersey Brett Guthrie, Kentucky Pete Olson, Texas David McKinley, West Virginia Adam Kinzinger, Illinois Morgan Griffith, Virginia Gus Bilirakis, Florida Bill Johnson, Ohio Billy Long, Missouri Larry Bucshon, Indiana Bill Flores, Texas Susan Brooks, Indiana Markwayne Mullin, Oklahoma Richard Hudson, North Carolina Kevin Cramer, North Dakota Tim Walberg, Michigan Mimi Walters, California Ryan Costello, Pennsylvania Buddy Carter, Georgia Chris Collins, New York (removed August 8, 2018) | Frank Pallone, New Jersey, Ranking Member Bobby Rush, Illinois Anna Eshoo, California Eliot Engel, New York Gene Green, Texas Diana DeGette, Colorado Mike Doyle, Pennsylvania Jan Schakowsky, Illinois G. K. Butterfield, North Carolina Doris Matsui, California Kathy Castor, Florida, Vice Ranking Member John Sarbanes, Maryland Jerry McNerney, California Peter Welch, Vermont Ben Ray Luján, New Mexico Paul Tonko, New York Yvette Clarke, New York Dave Loebsack, Iowa Kurt Schrader, Oregon Joe Kennedy III, Massachusetts Tony Cárdenas, California Raul Ruiz, California Scott Peters, California Debbie Dingell, Michigan |
Sources: H.Res. 6 (Chair), H.Res. 7 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 29 (R) and H.Res. 45 (D).

### 114th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Fred Upton, Michigan, Chair Joe Barton, Texas Marsha Blackburn, Tennessee, Vice Chair James Comer, Kentucky John Shimkus, Illinois Joseph Pitts, Pennsylvania Greg Walden, Oregon Tim Murphy, Pennsylvania Michael C. Burgess, Texas Steve Scalise, Louisiana Bob Latta, Ohio Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Washington Gregg Harper, Mississippi Leonard Lance, New Jersey Brett Guthrie, Kentucky Pete Olson, Texas David McKinley, West Virginia Mike Pompeo, Kansas Adam Kinzinger, Illinois Morgan Griffith, Virginia Gus Bilirakis, Florida Bill Johnson, Ohio Renee Ellmers, North Carolina Larry Bucshon, Indiana Bill Flores, Texas Susan Brooks, Indiana Markwayne Mullin, Oklahoma Richard Hudson, North Carolina Chris Collins, New York Kevin Cramer, North Dakota | Frank Pallone, New Jersey, Ranking Member Bobby Rush, Illinois Anna Eshoo, California Eliot Engel, New York Gene Green, Texas Diana DeGette, Colorado Lois Capps, California Mike Doyle, Pennsylvania Jan Schakowsky, Illinois G. K. Butterfield, North Carolina Doris Matsui, California Kathy Castor, Florida John Sarbanes, Maryland Jerry McNerney, California Peter Welch, Vermont Ben Ray Luján, New Mexico Paul Tonko, New York Yvette Clarke, New York Dave Loebsack, Iowa Kurt Schrader, Oregon Joe Kennedy III, Massachusetts Tony Cárdenas, California |

## History

The committee was originally formed as the Committee on Commerce and Manufactures on December 14, 1795. Prior to this, legislation was drafted in the Committee of the Whole or in special ad hoc committees, appointed for specific limited purposes. However the growing demands of the new nation required that Congress establish a permanent committee to manage its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause to "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States."
From this time forward, as the nation grew and Congress dealt with new public policy concerns and created new committees, the Energy and Commerce Committee has maintained its central position as Congress's monitor of commercial progress—a focus reflected in its changing jurisdiction, both in name and practice.
In 1819, the committee's name was changed to the Committee on Commerce, reflecting the creation of a separate Manufacturers Committee and also the increasing scope of and complexity of American commercial activity, which was expanding the committee's jurisdiction from navigational aids and the nascent general health service to foreign trade and tariffs. Thomas J. Bliley, who chaired the committee from 1995 to 2000, chose to use this traditional name, which underscores the committee's role for Congress on this front.
In 1891, in emphasis of the committee's evolving activities, the name was again changed to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce—a title it maintained until 1981, when, under incoming Chairman John Dingell, the committee first assumed what is now its present name to emphasize its lead role in guiding the energy policy of the United States. Dingell regained chairmanship of the committee in 2007 after having served as ranking member since 1995. In late 2008, Henry Waxman initiated a successful challenge to unseat Dingell as chairman. His challenge was unusual as the party caucus traditionally elects chairmen based on committee seniority. Waxman formally became chairman at the start of the 111th Congress.

## Previous chairs
### Committee on Commerce and Manufactures

| Chairman | Party | State | Years |
| Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | Massachusetts | 1795–1796 |
| John Swanwick | Democratic-Republican | Pennsylvania | 1796–1797 |
| Edward Livingston | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1797–1798 |
| Samuel Smith | Democratic-Republican | Maryland | 1798–1803 |
| Samuel L. Mitchill | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1803–1805 |
| Jacob Crowninshield | Democratic-Republican | Massachusetts | 1805–1806 |
| Gurdon S. Mumford | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1806–1807 |
| Thomas Newton Jr. | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | 1807–1819 |

### Committee on Commerce

| Chairman | Party | State | Years |
| Thomas Newton Jr. | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | 1819–1827 |
| Churchill C. Cambreleng | Democratic | New York | 1827–1833 |
| Joel B. Sutherland | Democratic | Pennsylvania | 1833–1837 |
| Francis O. J. Smith | Democratic | Maine | 1837–1838 |
| Samuel Cushman | Democratic | New Hampshire | 1838–1839 |
| Edward Curtis | Whig | New York | 1839–1841 |
| John P. Kennedy | Whig | Maryland | 1841–1843 |
| Isaac E. Holmes | Democratic | South Carolina | 1843–1845 |
| Robert McClelland | Democratic | Michigan | 1845–1847 |
| Washington Hunt | Whig | New York | 1847–1849 |
| Robert Milligan McLane | Democratic | Maryland | 1849–1851 |
| David L. Seymour | Democratic | New York | 1851–1853 |
| Thomas J. D. Fuller | Democratic | Maine | 1853–1855 |
| Elihu B. Washburne | Republican | Illinois | 1855–1857 |
| John Cochrane | Democratic | New York | 1857–1859 |
| Elihu B. Washburne | Republican | Illinois | 1859–1868 |
| Thomas D. Eliot | Republican | Massachusetts | 1868–1869 |
| Nathan F. Dixon II | Republican | Rhode Island | 1869–1871 |
| Samuel Shellabarger | Republican | Ohio | 1871–1873 |
| William A. Wheeler | Republican | New York | 1873–1875 |
| Frank Hereford | Democratic | West Virginia | 1875–1877 |
| Elijah Ward | Democratic | New York | 1877 |
| John H. Reagan | Democratic | Texas | 1877–1881 |
| Horace F. Page | Republican | California | 1881–1883 |
| John H. Reagan | Democratic | Texas | 1883–1887 |
| Martin L. Clardy | Democratic | Missouri | 1887–1889 |
| Charles S. Baker | Republican | New York | 1889–1891 |

### Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce

| Chairman | Party | State | Years |
| Roger Q. Mills | Democratic | Texas | 1891–1892 |
| George D. Wise | Democratic | Virginia | 1892–1895 |
| William Peters Hepburn | Republican | Iowa | 1895–1909 |
| James Robert Mann | Republican | Illinois | 1909–1911 |
| William C. Adamson | Democratic | Georgia | 1911–1917 |
| Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | Tennessee | 1917–1919 |
| John J. Esch | Republican | Wisconsin | 1919–1921 |
| Samuel Winslow | Republican | Massachusetts | 1921–1925 |
| James S. Parker | Republican | New York | 1925–1931 |
| Sam Rayburn | Democratic | Texas | 1931–1937 |
| Clarence F. Lea | Democratic | California | 1937–1947 |
| Charles A. Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1947–1949 |
| Robert Crosser | Democratic | Ohio | 1949–1953 |
| Charles A. Wolverton | Republican | New Jersey | 1953–1955 |
| Percy Priest | Democratic | Tennessee | 1955–1956 |
| Oren Harris | Democratic | Arkansas | 1957–1966 |
| Harley Orrin Staggers | Democratic | West Virginia | 1966–1981 |

### Committee on Energy and Commerce

| Chairman | Party | State | Years |
| John Dingell | Democratic | Michigan | 1981–1995 |
| Thomas Bliley | Republican | Virginia | 1995–2001 |
| Billy Tauzin | Republican | Louisiana | 2001–2004 |
| Joe Barton | Republican | Texas | 2004–2007 |
| John Dingell | Democratic | Michigan | 2007–2009 |
| Henry Waxman | Democratic | California | 2009–2011 |
| Fred Upton | Republican | Michigan | 2011–2017 |
| Greg Walden | Republican | Oregon | 2017–2019 |
| Frank Pallone | Democratic | New Jersey | 2019–2023 |
| Cathy McMorris Rodgers | Republican | Washington | 2023–2025 |
| Brett Guthrie | Republican | Kentucky | 2025- |