OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Uktaspis

Uktaspis is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the late Atdabanian stage, which lasted from 530 to 524 million years ago during the early part of the Cambrian Period.
# 1992 Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix

The 1992 Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 1992 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 17–19 April 1992 at the Shah Alam Circuit.

## 500 cc race report

Kevin Schwantz injured his hand in practice and missed the race. Mick Doohan was on pole and got the lead at the start from Àlex Crivillé and Wayne Rainey. Then Doohan got a small gap while Rainey moved into 2nd. Rain brought out a red flag; 18 laps for a second leg in intermediate conditions. After one or two laps, Doohan was again at the front, followed by Juan Garriga. The rain started pouring and there was another red flag, ending the race.

## 500 cc classification

| Pos. | Rider | Team | Manufacturer | Time/Retired | Points |
| 1 | Mick Doohan | Rothmans Honda Team | Honda | 45:45.608 | 20 |
| 2 | Wayne Rainey | Marlboro Team Roberts | Yamaha | +10.433 | 15 |
| 3 | Àlex Crivillé | Campsa Honda Team | Honda | +14.307 | 12 |
| 4 | Juan Garriga | Ducados Yamaha | Yamaha | +27.693 | 10 |
| 5 | Doug Chandler | Lucky Strike Suzuki | Suzuki | +31.429 | 8 |
| 6 | Daryl Beattie | Team HRC | Honda | +32.279 | 6 |
| 7 | Randy Mamola | Budweiser Team/Global Motorsports | Yamaha | +1:03.497 | 4 |
| 8 | Peter Goddard | Valvoline Team WCM | ROC Yamaha | +2:02.624 | 3 |
| 9 | Corrado Catalano | KCS International | ROC Yamaha | +2:06.910 | 2 |
| 10 | Eddie Laycock | Milla Racing | Yamaha | +2:11.932 | 1 |
| 11 | Kevin Mitchell | MBM Racing | Harris Yamaha | +2:27.337 | |
| 12 | Cees Doorakkers | HEK Racing Team | Harris Yamaha | +2:31.293 | |
| 13 | Toshiyuki Arakaki | Team ROC Banco | ROC Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 14 | Michael Rudroff | Rallye Sport | Harris Yamaha | +1 Lap | |
| 15 | Serge David | Team ROC Banco | ROC Yamaha | +2 Laps | |
| 16 | Nicholas Schmassman | Uvex Racing Team | ROC Yamaha | +2 Laps | |
| Ret (17) | Eddie Lawson | Cagiva Team Agostini | Cagiva | Retirement | |
| Ret (18) | Dominique Sarron | Team ROC Banco | ROC Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (19) | Miguel Duhamel | Yamaha Motor Banco | Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (20) | Peter Graves | Peter Graves Racing Team | Harris Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (21) | Marco Papa | Librenti Corse | Librenti | Retirement | |
| Ret (22) | Thierry Crine | Ville de Paris | ROC Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (23) | Damon Buckmaster | Padgett's Motorcycles | Harris Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (24) | Josef Doppler | Uvex Racing Team | ROC Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (25) | Niall Mackenzie | Yamaha Motor Banco | Yamaha | Retirement | |
| Ret (26) | Alex Barros | Cagiva Team Agostini | Cagiva | Retirement | |
| Sources: ||||||
# John ellipsoid

In mathematics, the John ellipsoid or Löwner–John ellipsoid E(K) associated to a convex body K in n-dimensional Euclidean space ⁠$\mathbb {R} ^{n}$⁠ can refer to the n-dimensional ellipsoid of maximal volume contained within K or the ellipsoid of minimal volume that contains K.
Often, the minimal volume ellipsoid is called the Löwner ellipsoid, and the maximal volume ellipsoid is called the John ellipsoid (although John worked with the minimal volume ellipsoid in his original paper). One can also refer to the minimal volume circumscribed ellipsoid as the outer Löwner–John ellipsoid, and the maximum volume inscribed ellipsoid as the inner Löwner–John ellipsoid.
The German-American mathematician Fritz John proved in 1948 that each convex body in ⁠$\mathbb {R} ^{n}$⁠ is circumscribed by a unique ellipsoid of minimal volume, and that the dilation of this ellipsoid by factor 1/n is contained inside the convex body. That is, the outer Lowner-John ellipsoid is larger than the inner one by a factor of at most n. For a balanced body, this factor can be reduced to ${\sqrt {n}}.$

## Properties

The inner Löwner–John ellipsoid E(K) of a convex body $K\subset \mathbb {R} ^{n}$ is a closed unit ball B in ⁠$\mathbb {R} ^{n}$⁠ if and only if B ⊆ K and there exists an integer m ≥ n and, for i = 1, ..., m, real numbers c$_i$ > 0 and unit vectors $u_{i}\in S^{n-1}\cap \partial K$ (where S is the unit n-sphere) such that
$\sum _{i=1}^{m}c_{i}u_{i}=0$
and, for all $x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}:$
$x=\sum _{i=1}^{m}c_{i}(x\cdot u_{i})u_{i}.$

## Computation

In general, computing the John ellipsoid of a given convex body is a hard problem. However, for some specific cases, explicit formulas are known. Some cases are particularly important for the ellipsoid method.$^{:70–73}$
Let E(A, a) be an ellipsoid in ⁠$\mathbb {R} ^{n},$⁠ defined by a matrix A and center a. Let c be a nonzero vector in ⁠$\mathbb {R} ^{n}.$⁠ Let E'(A, a, c) be the half-ellipsoid derived by cutting E(A, a) at its center using the hyperplane defined by c. Then, the Lowner-John ellipsoid of E'(A, a, c) is an ellipsoid E(A', a') defined by: ${\begin{aligned}\mathbf {a'} &=\mathbf {a} -{\frac {1}{n+1}}\mathbf {b} \\\mathbf {A'} &={\frac {n^{2}}{n^{2}-1}}\left(\mathbf {A} -{\frac {2}{n+1}}\mathbf {bb} ^{\mathrm {T} }\right)\end{aligned}}$ where b is a vector defined by: $\mathbf {b} ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mathbf {c} ^{\mathrm {T} }\mathbf {Ac} }}}\mathbf {Ac}$ Similarly, there are formulas for other sections of ellipsoids, not necessarily through its center.

## Applications

The computation of Löwner–John ellipsoids (and in more general, the computation of minimal-volume polynomial level sets enclosing a set) has found many applications in control and robotics. In particular, computing Löwner–John ellipsoids has applications in obstacle collision detection for robotic systems, where the distance between a robot and its surrounding environment is estimated using a best ellipsoid fit.
Löwner–John ellipsoids has also been used to approximate the optimal policy in portfolio optimization problems with transaction costs.
# Paul Laurent

Paul Laurent was a Chief of the La Have Mi’kmaq tribe. He was aligned with Father Le Loutre throughout Father Le Loutre’s War. The British killed his father when he was younger, which he tried to avenge by killing one of Jean-Baptiste Cope’s prisoners.

## Peace Proposal (1754)

He also sought to support Le Loutre, John Hamilton, and Mi’kmaq attempts to have the British acknowledge their land claims early in 1755. When this initiative was rejected and Fort Beausejour fell, Laurent joined Father Manach and Charles Deschamps de Boishébert’s armed resistance against the British.

## Battle at St. Aspinquid's Chapel

Tradition indicates that during the French and Indian War, Lahave Chief Paul Laurent and a party of eleven invited Shubenacadie Chief Jean-Baptiste Cope and five others to St. Aspinquid’s Chapel in present-day Point Pleasant Park to negotiate peace with the British. Chief Paul Laurent had just arrived in Halifax after surrendering to the British at Fort Cumberland on 29 February 1760. In early March 1760, the two parties met and engaged in armed conflict. Chief Paul Larent's party killed Cope and two others. Chief Cope’s party killed five of the British supporters. Shortly after Cope's death, Mi'kmaq chiefs signed a peace treaty in Halifax on 10 March 1760. Chief Paul Laurent signed on behalf of the Lahave tribe and a new chief, Claude Rene, signed on behalf of the Shubenacadie tribe. (During this time of surrender and treaty making, tensions among the various factions who fought the British were evident. For example, a few months after the death of Cope, the Mi'kmaq militia and Acadian militias made the rare decisions to continue to fight despite losing the support of the French priests who were encouraging surrender.)
# Japanese submarine Yu 10

Yu 10 was an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine of the Yu 1 subclass of the Yu I type. Constructed for use during the latter stages of World War II, she served in the waters of the Japanese archipelago.

## Construction

In the final two years of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army constructed transport submarines — officially the Type 3 submergence transport vehicle and known to the Japanese Army as the Maru Yu — with which to supply its isolated island garrisons in the Pacific Ocean. Only submarines of the Yu I type were completed and saw service. The Yu I type was produced in four subclasses, each produced by a different manufacturer and differing primarily in the design of their conning towers and details of their gun armament. None carried torpedoes or had torpedo tubes. Yu 10 was a unit of the Yu 1 subclass.
The Hitachi Kasado Works (Hitachi Kasado Seisakujo) at Kudamatsu, Japan, constructed Yu 10. Records of the details of the construction of Yu 10 have not been discovered, but the earlier Yu I-type submarines were laid down and launched during the latter half of 1943 and entered service at the end of 1943 or early in 1944.

## Service history

Yu 10 spent her operational career in Japanese home waters. She was assigned to Detachment Kuchinotsu, Transport Submarine Group, on 15 May 1945. She made a round-trip supply-and-rescue run from Kuchinotsu in Nagasaki Prefecture on Kyushu to Tokunoshima in the Amami Islands in the northeastern Ryukyu Islands in July 1945. She suffered damage in an attack by U.S. aircraft in 1945.
Yu 10 was at Kuchinotsu when World War II ended with the cessation of hostilities on 15 August 1945 and surrendered to the Allies later in August 1945. She sank in a storm at Kuchinotsu in 1945 and later was scrapped.
# Emblem of South Korea

The National Emblem of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국의 국장; Hanja: 大韓民國의 國章), also officially referred as Naramunjang (Korean: 나라문장; Hanja: 나라紋章, lit. 'State emblem'), consists of the taegeuk symbol present on the South Korean national flag surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon bearing the inscription of the official Korean name of the country (Daehanminguk), in Korean characters. The Taegeuk represents peace and harmony. The five petals all have meaning and are related to South Korea's national flower, the Hibiscus syriacus, or Rose of Sharon (Korean: 무궁화; Hanja: 無窮花, mugunghwa).
The emblem was announced on 10 December 1963. The flower and taegeuk symbols are generally considered by South Koreans to be symbolic of the "Korean ethnos" (Korean: 한민족).

## Historical national emblems

* Imperial Seal of the Korean Empire (1897–1910)
* Emblem of the Korean Empire (1903–1910)
* Emblem of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1919–1948)
* Emblem of South Korea (1948–1963)
* Emblem of South Korea (1963–1984)
* Emblem of South Korea (1984–1997)
* Emblem of South Korea (1997–2011)
* Emblem of South Korea (2011–present)

## Other national emblems

* Seal of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (1945–1948)
* Emblem of the People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946)

## Other emblems
### Executive

* Emblem of the National Government (1949–2016)
* Emblem of the National Government, a stylized Taegeuk (2016–present)
* Seal of the President, with two phoenixes facing each other over a rose of Sharon
* Seal of the Office of the President, with two phoenixes facing each other over the office building and a rose of Sharon
* Emblem of the Prime Minister: A rose of Sharon enclosed by another
* Emblem of the Ministry of National Defense: A star superimposed on an anchor and two wings

### Legislative

* Emblem of the National Assembly (1948–2014)
* Emblem of the National Assembly: The word "국회" meaning 'National Assembly' (gukhoe; 國會 in Hanja) appears in Korean characters in the center of a rose of Sharon
* Emblem of a local council (1991–2014)
* Emblem of a local council: The word "의회" meaning 'Assembly' (uihoe; 議會 in Hanja) appears in Korean characters in the center of a rose of Sharon

### Judicial

* Emblem of South Korean Court
* Emblem of the Constitutional Court of Korea (1988–2017)
* Emblem of the Constitutional Court of Korea (2017–present)

## Gallery

* South Korean passport
* Emblem on South Korean Honorary Consul in Gent, Belgium
# Torso Murders

Torso Murders can refer to the following murders, and Torso Killer or Torso Murderer can refer to their perpetrators:
* Cleveland Torso Murders, in the 1930s in Cleveland, Ohio, United States
* Thames Torso Murders, in the 1880s on the River Thames in London, England, United Kingdom
* Richard Cottingham, convicted New Jersey serial killer known as the "Torso Killer" believed to be responsible for multiple murders from 1967–1980 in New Jersey and New York
# Royal Stoke University Hospital

Royal Stoke University Hospital (formerly the University Hospital of North Staffordshire) is a teaching and research hospital at Hartshill in the English county of Staffordshire. It lies in the city of Stoke-on-Trent, near the border with Newcastle-under-Lyme, and is run by the University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust.

## History

The first hospital on the site, known as the Parish Hospital, was completed in 1842. This facility evolved to become the London Road Hospital and Institution by the early 20th century and became the City General Hospital in 1945. It joined the National Health Service in 1948.
New facilities were procured under a private finance initiative contract to replace both the City General Hospital and the North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary in 2007. The works, which were designed by Ryder / HKS and carried out by Laing O'Rourke at a cost of £370 million on the old City General Hospital site, were completed August 2012.

## Keele University School of Medicine

It is the main teaching hospital for the Keele University School of Medicine. The clinical undergraduate medical school and postgraduate medical school buildings are in the grounds of the hospital, as well as the Clinical Education Centre and the Keele University Health Library which is the main teaching facility for the School of Nursing and Midwifery.

## Staffordshire Children's Hospital

In March 2020 the Staffordshire Children's Hospital was launched as a "hospital within a hospital". Paediatric patients have access to specialist clinical teams, who care for children with complex conditions or medical problems.
# Martin Molin

Martin Molin (Swedish pronunciation:, morr-LEEN; born January 24, 1983) is a Swedish composer, producer, multi-instrumentalist, inventor and constructor. He is a member of the folktronica and post-rock band Wintergatan, and previously a member of Detektivbyrån. He grew up at Kronoparken in Karlstad, Sweden. From 2017 he lived and worked in southern France, where he built a custom music studio and workshop, but in April 2022 he moved back to Sweden.

## Education and early career

Molin studied music at the Musikmakarna (Songwriters Academy) in Örnsköldsvik. In 2005, he and his brother Anders Molin were inspired to start Detektivbyrån, after he heard La Valse d'Amélie by Yann Tiersen. The group disbanded in 2010.

## Wintergatan

In 2011 Molin, Evelina Hägglund, Marcus Sjöberg and David Zandén created the band Wintergatan. The group gained attention when, inspired by a visit to the Speelklok Museum, Molin built his "Marble Machine", a music box made of 3000 components that played using 2000 metal balls. After working on the machine for over 14 months, he released a music video featuring the Marble Machine in 2016, which as of February 2025 has over 261 million views on YouTube. He then started work on the "Marble Machine X", or "MMX", a more robust redesign of the machine with the aim of recording an album with it and taking it on a world tour.
Molin documented the construction process of the "MMX" on the band's YouTube channel. This at one point was called "Wintergatan Wednesdays" but lost the title when Molin experimented with new formats and release schedules. In January 2021, Molin started a new YouTube channel called "Wintergatan 2" with videos in the style of daily vlogs (as opposed to the intermittent videos on "Wintergatan") documenting the ongoing Marble Machine X build project in greater detail. A month later, Molin largely rolled the "Wintergatan 2" content back into the main Wintergatan channel.
In 2017, he presented a series Music Machine Mondays about the exhibits in the Dutch Speelklok Museum. In 2020 he planned to present a similar series about the collection of Siegfrieds Mechanisches Musikkabinett (Siegfried's Mechanical Music Cabinet) in Germany. This was, however, halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of May 2021, the series still has not recommenced.
Molin eventually abandoned the MMX project, and on March 2, 2022, started a new designing process of a new Marble Machine 3, livestreaming whole CAD process on his Youtube channel. The comments to his YouTube posts at this time document widespread concern about both abandoning the MMX and the direction Molin was taking, including doubts that a finished marble machine would ever be delivered.
In April 23, 2022, he announced that he is moving back from Lorgues (France) to Sweden for personal reasons.
# John Wilson (Yorkshire cricketer)

John Wilson (30 June 1857 – 11 November 1931) was an English amateur first-class cricketer, who played in four matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1887 and 1888.
Born in Hoyland, Yorkshire, England, Wilson was a right arm slow underarm bowler, who took twelve first-class wickets at 13.75. Wilson scored seventeen runs, as a right hand bat, with a best score of 13 not out. He took three catches in the field.
Wilson died in November 1931, in Millhouses, Sheffield, Yorkshire, aged 74.
# Japanese submarine Yu 19

Yu 19 was an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine of the Yu 1 subclass of the Yu I type. Constructed for use during the latter stages of World War II, she served in the waters of the Japanese archipelago.

## Construction

In the final two years of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army constructed transport submarines — officially the Type 3 submergence transport vehicle and known to the Japanese Army as the Maru Yu — with which to supply its isolated island garrisons in the Pacific Ocean. Only submarines of the Yu I type were completed and saw service. The Yu I type was produced in four subclasses, each produced by a different manufacturer and differing primarily in the design of their conning towers and details of their gun armament. None carried torpedoes or had torpedo tubes. Yu 19 was a unit of the Yu 1 subclass.
The Hitachi Kasado Works (Hitachi Kasado Seisakujo) at Kudamatsu, Japan, constructed Yu 19. Records of the details of the construction of Yu 19 have not been discovered, but the earlier Yu I-type submarines were laid down and launched during the latter half of 1943 and entered service at the end of 1943 or early in 1944.

## Service history

Yu 19 spent her operational career in Japanese home waters. Surviving records of the activities of Imperial Japanese Army submarines are fragmentary, and no records have been discovered describing her specific activities in support of any particular operation.
World War II ended with the cessation of hostilities on 15 August 1945. Yu 19 surrendered to the Allies later in August 1945. She subsequently either was scuttled or scrapped.
# Humboldt County Courthouse (Iowa)

The Humboldt County Courthouse is located in Dakota City, Iowa, United States, and dates from 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a part of the PWA-Era County Courthouses of IA Multiple Properties Submission. The courthouse is the second building the county has used for court functions and county administration.

## History

Dakota City was established as the county seat in 1857, but a courthouse was not built until 1873. The two-story building was constructed for $5,000. Plans to build a new courthouse were defeated in 1923 when voters suspected plans to move the county seat to neighboring Humboldt.
Plans for the current courthouse were approved in 1936. The Des Moines architectural firm of Dougher, Rich & Woodburn were retained to design the building. The county applied to the Public Works Administration, or PWA, to assist with the funding. The grant was approved in 1937. The contract to build the building was given to Holtze Construction Co. of Sioux City, Iowa. The cornerstone was laid on April 30, 1938, and the new building was dedicated on February 25, 1939. The courthouse was built for $185,000. Iowa Supreme Court Justice Richard Mitchell delivered the main address at an open house.

## Architecture

The courthouse is a rectangular structure that measures 105 by 66 feet (32 by 20 m). The architectural style of the building is known as Depression Modern or PWA Moderne. The building features a symmetrical façade. Two lower sections were designed to flank the main block, but were never built. The exterior is composed of buff-colored brick and Bedford limestone trim. It is three stories tall and built on a raised basement. On the interior, the central corridors extend the length of the building, with the county offices opening onto the corridors. The building features multi-colored terrazzo floors, marble wainscoting and acoustic tiles. The courtroom was originally decorated in dark wood tones and Art Deco ornamentation. The third floor contained the county jail cell and three-bedroom apartment the county sheriff lived in, as well as a custodian's apartment, until remodeled in 1982.
The building is located on the courthouse square immediately west of the central business district and just to the east of Humboldt. The previous courthouse was also located here. The square itself is a contributing site on the courthouse's nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, and the original flagpole in front of the building is a contributing object.
# Lady Catherine Killigrew

Lady Catherine Killigrew (c. 1530 – 27 December 1583) was an English gentlewoman and scholar, the wife of Sir Henry Killigrew.

## Biography

Catherine was the fourth daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke and Alice, daughter of Sir William Waldegrave. Her older sister Anne was the wife of Sir Nicholas Bacon, and another sister Mildred was the wife of Lord Burghley. Catherine was said to have been proficient in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.
Lady Catherine married Sir Henry on 4 November 1565, and had four surviving daughters. Sir John Harington, in the notes to his translation of Orlando Furioso, has preserved some Latin lines in which she asked her sister Mildred, wife of Cecil, Lord Burghley, to use her influence to get her husband excused from going on an embassy to France. The verses were reprinted in Fuller's Worthies.
On 21 December 1583, she gave birth to a stillborn child, and on 27 December she died. She was buried in the church of St. Thomas the Apostle, London. It was burnt down during the great fire of London, but Stow, in his Survey, preserved the four Latin inscriptions on her monument, including one by herself and one by Andrew Melville.