OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Japanese submarine Ro-56 (1921)

The first Ro-56, originally named Submarine No. 30, was an Imperial Japanese Navy Type L submarine, the final unit of the L2 subclass. Except for a few months in 1926, she was in commission from 1922 to 1938.

## Design and description

The submarines of the Type L2 sub-class were close copies of the British L-class submarine built under license in Japan. They differed from the preceding L1 subclass in the deletion of the two broadside-firing torpedo tubes and the two torpedoes for them, the use of domestically produced diesel engines and batteries, and a different battery arrangement. They displaced 907 tonnes (893 long tons) surfaced and 1,093 tonnes (1,075.3 long tons) submerged. The submarines were 70.59 meters (231 ft 7 in) long and had a beam of 7.16 meters (23 ft 6 in) and a draft of 3.94 meters (12 ft 11 in). They had a diving depth of 60 meters (197 ft).
For surface running, the submarines were powered by two 1,200-brake-horsepower (895 kW) Vickers diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged, each propeller was driven by an 800-shaft-horsepower (597 kW) electric motor. They could reach 17.3 knots (32.0 km/h; 19.9 mph) on the surface and 10.4 knots (19.3 km/h; 12.0 mph) underwater. On the surface, they had a range of 5,500 nautical miles (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph); submerged, they had a range of 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph).
The submarines were armed with four internal 450 mm (18 in) torpedo tubes, all in the bow, and carried a total of eight Type 44 torpedoes. They were also armed with a single 76.2 mm (3 in) deck gun.

## Construction and commissioning

Ro-56 was laid down as Submarine No. 30 on 10 July 1920 by Mitsubishi at Kobe, Japan. Launched on 11 May 1921, she was completed and commissioned on 16 January 1922, the final unit of the L2 subclass.

## Service history

Upon commissioning, Submarine No. 30 was assigned to Submarine Division 4 — in which she spent her entire active career — in Submarine Squadron 1 in the 1st Fleet. She was renamed Ro-56 on 1 November 1924. Submarine Division 4 was attached to the Yokosuka Naval District on 1 December 1925, in which it remained for the remainder of Ro-56′s career. Ro-56 was assigned that day to the Yokosuka Defense Division. She was decommissioned and placed in reserve on 1 April 1926.
Ro-56 was recommissioned on 1 August 1926, and was assigned to the Yokosuka Defense Division again that day, serving in that duty until 1 December 1927. She later served in the Yokosuka Defense Division again from 30 November 1929 to 15 November 1934.
Ro-56 was decommissioned and placed in the Fourth Reserve in the Yokosuka Naval District on 15 December 1938. The Japanese struck her from the Navy list on 1 April 1940, and that day she became a stationary hulk with the name Haisen No. 13.
# Project HOMERUN

HOMERUN was a secret US aerial reconnaissance operation against the USSR in 1956.

## History

Project HOMERUN was conducted between March and May 1956. During that time RB-47E and RB-47H reconnaissance aircraft flew almost daily flights over the North Pole to photograph and gather electronic intelligence over the entire northern section of the Soviet Union.
Project Homerun used 16 RB-47Es from the 10th SRS and five RB-47Hs from the 343rd SRS. 156 sorties were performed.
On a typical RB-47H reconnaissance mission covering 5,984 mi (9,360 km), the aircraft would fly from Thule, Greenland to the Kara Sea to Murmansk and then return only to find Thule weathered-in, forcing the flight from the air-refueling/decision point near the northeast shore of Greenland to one of three equidistant alternates: Goose Bay, Labrador, London, or Fairbanks, Alaska. Five KC-97s at Thule were required to support this scenario. Two ground spares and one air spare ensured two 20,000 lb (9,090 kg) fuel transfers at a distance of over 600 mi (965 km) from Thule. Tankers returned to Thule to refuel and again repeat the flight to intercept the returning RB-47H six hours later for another air refueling.
When the Soviet government filed an angry complaint with the US government, the US government attributed the overflights to "navigational difficulties".
# Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror

The Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror (Japanese: 隅田八幡神社人物画像鏡, Hepburn: Suda Hachiman Jinja Jinbutsu Gazō-kyō) in Hashimoto, Wakayama, Japan is a National Treasure of Japan. It is a bronze mirror cast with 48 Chinese characters around the fifth century. It is an important artifact for the research in Japanese archaeology and Old Japanese language. It was found at Suda Hachiman Shrine, and its earliest mention in text is in the 3rd volume of the Kii no kuni meisho zue (紀伊国名所図会; "Illustrated Guide to Places of Note in Kii Province") published in 1838.

## Inscriptions

The mirror says
   癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟
There are a few unclear points, but a tentative translation is "In the eighth month of a gui-wei year, in the reign of the great king, when the prince Wooto was at the Osisaka Palace, Sima, wishing for longevity, sent two persons to make this mirror from 200 han of brand-new and fine bronze." The year gui-wei likely corresponds to 443 or 503.
According to one prevailing opinion, the prince Wooto can be identified as the prince Oohodo, a grandson of Emperor Ōjin and a brother of Oshisaka-no-Oonakatsuhime (Emperor Ingyō's consort). Another theory holds that Wooto is Ōdo-no-Ookimi (Emperor Keitai). He may be a great-grandson (or a younger brother) of the prince Oohodo. If the gui-wei year corresponds to 503, Shima is presumed King Muryeong of Baekje, whose name is recorded on his tomb as 斯摩: pronounced Sama in Korean, and Shima in Japanese.
On the basis of this ancient inscription, Korean scholar Kim Woon-Hoe theorizes a fraternal relationship between Emperor Keitai of Japan and King Muryeong of Baekje. A mirror was excavated from the tomb of King Muryeong. It is similar to the mirrors of Emperor Nintoku and Emperor Keitai. In the ancient Buyeo kingdom, the bronze mirror represented the king.

## Earliest record

The earliest record of this mirror is from the 3rd volume of the Kii no kuni meisho zue published in 1838. According to this text, the mirror had been passed down and treasured at the Suda Hachiman shrine. The monks of the shrine told the traditional account of this mirror's history. This account states that this mirror was presented to Empress Jingū, after her conquest of the Samhan confederacies of Korea by "the people of that land". Although there is doubt that her invasion of Korea was a historical event. The text mentions other theories for the historical origin of the mirror, and it makes an attempt to date the artifact by analysing the script used for the inscription. The text also contains an ink painting of the mirror.
# Styginidae

Styginidae is a family of trilobite in the order Corynexochida. Fossils of the various genera are found in marine strata throughout the world, aged from Ordovician up until the family's extinction during the Silurian.

## Genera

Styginidae contains the following genera.
* Alceste Hawle and Corda 1847
* Ancyropyge Clark 1891
* Arctipeltis Maksimova 1986
* Australoscutellum Chatterton and Campbell 1980
* Bojoscutellum Snajdr 1958
* Breviscutellum Snajdr 1960
* Bronteopsis Nicholson and Etheridge 1879
* Bumastus Murchison 1839
* Cekovia Snajdr 1956
* Cornuscutellum Snajdr 1960
* Cybantyx Lane and Thomas 1978
* Decoroscutellum Snajdr 1958
* Delgadoa Thadeau 1947
* Dentaloscutellum Chatterton 1971
* Ekwanoscutellum Pribyl and Vanek 1972
* Eobronteus Reed 1928
* Eokosovopeltis Pribyl and Vanek 1972
* Failleana Chatterton and Ludvigson 1976
* Goldillaenoides Balashova 1959
* Goldillaenus Schindewolf 1924
* Illaenoides Weller 1907
* Kolihapeltis Prantl and Pribyl 1947
* Kosovopeltis Snajdr 1958
* Lamproscutellum Yin 1980
* Ligiscus Lane and Owens 1982
* Meitanillaenus Zhang 1974
* Meroperix Lane 1972
* Metascutellum Snajdr 1960
* Microscutellum Snajdr 1960
* Opoa Lane 1972
* Paracybantyx Ludvigson and Tripp 1990
* Paralejurus Hawle and Corda 1847
* Paraphillipsinella Lu and Chang 1974
* Perischoclonus Raymond 1925
* Phillipsinella Novak 1885
* Planiscutellum Richter 1956
* Platyscutellum Snajdr 1958
* Poroscutellum Snajdr 1958
* Protostygina Prantl and Pribyl 1949
* Pseudostygina Zhou 1982
* Radioscutellum Snajdr 1972
* Raymondaspis Pribyl 1949
* Rhaxeros Lane and Thomas 1980
* Scabriscutellum Richter and Richter 1956
* Scutellum Pusch 1833
* Spiniscutellum Snajdr 1960
* Stygina Salter 1853
* Tenuipeltis Lütke 1965
* Theamataspis Opik 1937
* Thomastus Opik 1953
* Thysanopeltella Kobayashi 1957
* Thysanopeltis Hawle and Corda 1847
* Turgicephalus Fortey 1980
* Waisfeldaspis Vaccari 2001
* Weberopeltis Maksimova
# BitMe

Bitme (stylized as bitMe) is a Latin American subscription television channel, of Mexican origin, owned by TelevisaUnivision. It was launched on July 15, 2019, replacing the Tiin channel.

## History

The channel's project began in 2018, when Televisa Networks proposed a new channel focused on gamer programming and geek culture, after the low audience rating of its predecessor Tiin to attract the attention of young audiences. Bitme was launched on July 15, 2019, replacing the channel Tiin.
# Samantha Castillo

Samantha Castillo (born March 12, 1980, in Miranda, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan actress born in a small village near the capital Caracas. She has a degree in Performing Arts, graduated from the Central University of Venezuela and has been trained in different acting techniques, she also studied at the International Academy of Film and Television. She has been acting since she was 15. She has appeared in several stage productions and became popular with the film Pelo Malo, a film by Mariana Rondon, winner of "Golden Shell (La Concha de Oro)" at the San Sebastián International Film Festival. She also won the prize as best actress at Torino Film Festival 2013 where the jury president was Paolo Virzi. The Venezuelan Film Academy recognized her as the best leading actress in 2018.

## Filmography

* 2013 - Pelo Malo (Bad Hair) directed by Mariana Rondon
* 2015 - Le Badanti (The Caretakes) by Marco Pollini
* 2015 - "El malquerido" (Dear Bad) directed by Diego Rísquez
* 2017 - "El Amparo" directed by Rober Calzadilla
# Back in the Country

Back in the Country (German: Dahinten in der Heide) is a 1936 German drama film directed by Carl Boese and starring Hilde Weissner, Hans Stüwe and Hermann Speelmans. It is based on the 1910 novel of the same title by Hermann Löns. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam and on location around Lüneburg Heath. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Gülstorff.

## Cast

* Hilde Weissner as Holde Rotermund
* Hans Stüwe as Lüder Volkmann
* Hermann Speelmans as Ramacker
* Helmuth Rudolph as v. Zollin - Gutsbesitzer
* Julia Serda as Seine Mutter
* Helmut Weiss as v. Dongern - Bankier
* Gerhard Dammann as Pächter Lemke
* Herta Saal as Lina - seine Tochter
* Albert Florath as Garberding
* Claire Reigbert as Frau Gaberding
* Kurt Felden as Förster Lohmann
* Gerhard Bienert as Pohl, Gendarm
* Hans Leibelt as Freimut - Kommissär
* Ernst Behmer as Kümmel, Landbriefträger
* Alfred Heynisch as Der Landarzt
# 2021 Ballerup municipal election

Ever since 1952, the Social Democrats had held the mayor's position. Since at least the 1981 election they had also won an absolute majority to the council.
In the 2017 election they had won 16 seats, and this made it easy for Jesper Würtzen to continue for a third full term. .
In this election, the Social Democrats would have its worst election result since 1981. However they were still extremely strong in the Municipality, and won 13 seats with 50.8% of the vote. Therefore Jesper Würtzen looked set to continue as mayor. This would eventually be confirmed.

## Electoral system

For elections to Danish municipalities, a number varying from 9 to 31 are chosen to be elected to the municipal council. The seats are then allocated using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation. Ballerup Municipality had 19 seats in 2021
Unlike in Danish General Elections, in elections to municipal councils, electoral alliances are allowed.

## Electoral alliances

Source
Electoral Alliance 1
| Party | Political Position |
| Danish Social Liberal Party | Centre to Centre-left |
| Conservatives | Centre-right |
| Liberal Alliance | Centre-right to Right-wing |
| Venstre | Centre-right |
Electoral Alliance 2
| Party | Political Position |
| New Right | Right-wing |
| Danish People's Party | Right-wing |
Electoral Alliance 3
| Party | Political Position |
| Green Left | Centre-left to Left-wing |
| Vegan Party | Centre-left to Left-wing |
| Serhat Kücükkart | Local Party |
| Red–Green Alliance | Left-wing to Far-left |

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| Ballerup Municipality ||||||
| | Social Democrats | 12,637 | 50.78 | 13 | -3 |
| | Conservatives | 3,099 | 12.45 | 3 | +2 |
| | Venstre | 1,895 | 7.61 | 2 | -1 |
| | Green Left | 1,758 | 7.06 | 2 | +1 |
| | Red–Green Alliance | 1,605 | 6.45 | 2 | 0 |
| | Danish People's Party | 1,135 | 4.56 | 1 | -1 |
| | Danish Social Liberal Party | 1,033 | 4.15 | 1 | +1 |
| | New Right | 799 | 3.21 | 1 | +1 |
| | Serhat Kücükkart | 254 | 1.02 | 0 | New |
| | Vegan Party | 212 | 0.85 | 0 | New |
| | Liberal Alliance | 193 | 0.78 | 0 | 0 |
| | Partiet Ballerup Listen | 154 | 0.62 | 0 | New |
| | Freedom List | 112 | 0.45 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 24,886 | 100.00 | 25 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 24,886 | 98.36 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 114 | 0.45 | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 300 | 1.19 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 25,300 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 38,403 | 65.88 | | |
| Source: KMD ||||||
# Coralee O'Rourke

Coralee Jane O'Rourke is a former Australian politician. She was the Labor member for Mundingburra in the Queensland Legislative Assembly from 2015 until retirement in 2020.

## Early life and education

O'Rourke attended Queensland University of Technology and completed a bachelor's degree in education (Early Childhood) and was the Director of a community-based early learning centre in Aitkenvale (Townsville) prior to her election to Parliament on 31 January 2015.

## Political career

O'Rourke was sworn in as Minister for Disability Services, Minister for Seniors and Minister Assisting the Premier on North Queensland in the Palaszczuk Ministry on 16 February 2015.
She currently lives in Townsville with her husband and their two teenaged children.
On 5 September 2020, O'Rourke announced that she would not be running in the 2020 Queensland election.

## Personal life

On 24 October 2018, O'Rourke publicly announced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer a week earlier.
# Push and pull factors in migration

Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull. Push factors are things that are unfavourable about the home area that one lives in, and pull factors are things that attract one to another host area.

## Factors
### Push

* Not enough jobs or opportunities
* Famine or drought
* Political fear of persecution
* Poor medical care
* Loss of wealth
* Natural disasters
* Death threats
* Desire for more political or religious freedom
* Pollution
* Poor housing
* Bullying
* Discrimination
* Poor chances of marrying
* Contamination
* War
* Sickness

### Pull

* Job opportunities
* Higher benefits
* Better living conditions
* Having more political or religious freedom
* Enjoyment
* Education
* Better medical care
* Attractive climates
* Security
* Family links
* Better chances of marrying

## Criticism

Sociology professor Hein de Haas has criticized the push-pull model for its inability to explain real world migration patterns.
# Kashiraj Pradhan

Kashiraj Pradhan (11 December 1905 – 31 March 1990) popularly known as Kashi Babu was an Indian pre-merger politician and journalist in Sikkim. He was the President of Sikkim State Congress party, a member of the Sikkim State Council and Executive Council of Sikkim serving multiple terms in office. Known as the Father of Sikkimese journalism, he was the founder and publisher of Sikkim's first news magazine Kanchenjunga.

## Early life and education

Pradhan was born in the family of the aristocratic Newar Taksaris in Pakyong, East Sikkim. His parents were Babu Kaluram Pradhan and Bhadralakshmi Pradhan. His paternal grandfather was Thikadar Taksari Chandrabir Maskey of Pakyong, who was a Sikkimese feudal lord of Pakyong, Pendam and other estates in the former Kingdom of Sikkim. He received his early education in Sikkim, thereafter he went to high school in a government school in Darjeeling and completed his matriculation from Calcutta University in 1923. He completed his intermediate (I.A) from Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U) in the 1924, in arts. Thereafter, he graduated from Calcutta University in Arts. He was amongst the first few graduates from Sikkim.

## Career

In 1933, he became a teacher in the Sir Tashi Namgyal high school. Between 1942 and 1947 he was the headmaster of Sir Tashi Namgyal High School. He also started a business exporting Sikkim oranges and cardamom to Calcutta (present day Kolkata). He was a leader of the pro-democracy movement in the erstwhile Kingdom of Sikkim. In the Sikkim State Council, he held important cabinet positions including that of Executive Councilor (equivalent to cabinet minister). He was a member of the Sikkim State Congress, a party he led for many years.
By late 1950s to the 1970s the Sikkim State Congress was led by him or his nephew Nahakul Pradhan both serving as President of the party in different decades. Under their leadership the party greatly moderated it's anti-Chogyal stand and participated in the Royal Sikkimese administration through subsequent wins in elections to the State Council.
He was also a journalist, who started Sikkim's first monthly news magazine, Kanchenjunga in 1957 with his nephew Nahakul Pradhan as its editor. Known as Father of Sikkimese Journalism, the state government of Sikkim has instituted Kashiraj Pradhan Lifetime Journalism Award for journalists since 2018.

## Honours

* Pema Dorji Decoration - Presented by the Chogyal of Sikkim, third-highest civilian honour in the former Kingdom of Sikkim.
* Government of Sikkim has named Deorali - Namnang road as Kashiraj Pradhan Marg.
* Bhanu Puraskar - On 13 July 1998, the Nepali Sahitya Parishad Sikkim awarded him with the first Bhanu Puraskar.
# Sparkle Computer

Sparkle Computer Co., Ltd. (stylised as SPARKLE) is a Taiwanese electronics firm established in 1982, based in Taipei. The company specialized in manufacturing video cards using Nvidia graphics processing units, and peripherals (fans and heatsinks) for graphics controllers.
Sparkle was one of the few manufacturers of modern discrete video cards that used the PCI bus, producing PCI versions of GeForce 8 series and GeForce 9 series based discrete graphics controllers, and, more recently, GeForce 200 series and GeForce 600 series-based GPUs using the aforementioned interface.
In April 2023, Sparkle re-entered the graphics card market, this time producing a set of Intel Arc series graphics cards.

## Products
### PCI series
#### GeForce 7900 PCI

SP-PX79GDH (GeForce 7900 GT series with active cooling - 256MB RAM)

#### GeForce 8400 PCI

SPARKLE introduced a unique PCI version of the GeForce 8400 series cards in PCI versions.
* SF-PC84GS512U2LP (GeForce 8400 GS Series with active cooling - 512MB RAM)
* SF-PC84GS512U2LP (GeForce 8400 GS Series with passive cooling - 512MB RAM)
* SF-PC84GS256U2LP (GeForce 8400 GS Series with active cooling - 256MB RAM)
* SF-PC84GS256U2LP (GeForce 8400 GS Series with passive cooling - 256MB RAM)

#### GeForce 8500 PCI

SPARKLE introduced a unique PCI version of the GeForce 8500 series card in a PCI version.
* SF-PC85GT256U2 (GeForce 8500 GT Series with passive cooling - 256MB RAM)

#### GeForce 9400 PCI

SPARKLE introduced a unique PCI version of the GeForce 9400 series card in a PCI version.
* SP94GT512D2L-HPP (GeForce 9400 GT Series with passive cooling - 512MB RAM)
* SP94GT512D2L-HP (GeForce 9400 GT Series with active cooling - 512MB RAM)
* SP94GT1024D2L-HPP (GeForce 9400 GT Series with passive cooling - 1024MB RAM)
* SP94GT1024D2L-HP (GeForce 9400 GT Series with active cooling - 1024MB RAM)

#### GeForce 9500 PCI

SPARKLE introduced a unique PCI version of the GeForce 9500 series card in a PCI version.
* SP95GT512D2L-HP (GeForce 9500 GT Series with active cooling - 512MB RAM)
* SP95GT1024D2L-HP (GeForce 9500 GT Series with active cooling - 1024MB RAM)

### Low Profile PCIe

SPARKLE has also introduced 3 low profile PCI Express cards from the GeForce 9 series:
* SF-PX93GS512U2LP-HP (Low profile GeForce 9300GS with 512MB DDR2 RAM)
* Low profile GeForce 9600 with stock settings
* Low profile GeForce 9800 GT with stock settings and 512MB of GDDR3 RAM on a 256bit bus.

### Intel Arc Alchemist PCIe

In April 2023, SPARKLE listed a set of Intel Arc series graphics cards on their website:
* Sparkle Intel Arc A750 Titan OC Edition (2300 MHz Intel Arc A750)
* Sparkle Intel Arc A750 Orc OC Edition (2200 MHz Intel Arc A750)
* Sparkle Intel Arc A380 ELF (2000 MHz Intel Arc A380)

### Intel Arc Battlemage PCIe

Sparkle continues to sell Intel Arc cards, and has listed on 13 December 2024 a set of Battlemage B580 cards:
* Sparkle Intel Arc B580 Titan OC Edition (2760 MHz Intel Arc B580)
* Sparkle Intel Arc B570 Guardian OC Edition (2660MHz Intel Arc B570)
# Pilosocereus polygonus

Pilosocereus polygonus is a species of Pilosocereus found in Hispaniola.
# Huron Valley School District

Huron Valley Schools is a public school district in Metro Detroit in the U.S. state of Michigan, serving Highland Township, Milford, and most of Commerce Township, Milford Township, and White Lake Township.

## Overview

The district is made up of fifteen schools, including four high schools, three middle schools, and eight elementary schools and early childhood center.
The Huron Valley School District is known throughout Michigan for several things. It has a track and field team that has been the best in the state two years in a row. The district also has been ranked highly in the state for its academics. Lakeland High School has been named to Newsweek Magazine's Best High Schools in the United States in both 2009 and 2010. The district's HOT Robotics FIRST team has also been very successful in competition, as well as its high school DECA chapters. Its Future Problem Solving Program is also very successful. In 05–06 season they won 5 out of the 10 state trophies for the divisions they competed in with one team going on to the Internationals in Colorado. The Kurtz Elementary Destination ImagiNation team has participated in the global competition in Knoxville Tennessee in 2009 and 2010. It is also known for its International Baccalaureate program through the International Academy West.

## Schools
### High schools

* Milford High School located in Highland Township
* Lakeland High School located in White Lake
* Harbor High School in Highland; alternative high school

### Middle schools

* Muir Middle School, in Milford
* Oak Valley Middle School, in Commerce Township
* White Lake Middle School, in White Lake

### Elementary schools

* Baker elementary, in Milford (closed)
* Brooks Elementary, in White Lake (Closed)
* Country Oaks Elementary, in Commerce Township
* Heritage Elementary, in Highland
* Highland Elementary, in Highland
* Johnson Elementary, in Milford
* Kurtz Elementary, in Milford
* Lakewood Elementary, in White Lake
* Oxbow Community School, in White Lake Township
* Spring Mills Elementary, in Highland

### Other facilities

* Apollo Elementary - re-purposed
* Baker Elementary - demolished in 2013
* Highland Middle School - demolished in 2013
* Duck Lake Center, in Highland - serves continuing education as well as Harbor High School