# Big Brother (Dutch TV series)

Big Brother is the Dutch version of the international reality television franchise Big Brother. It created a reality TV-show format where contestants live in an isolated house, and try to avoid being evicted by viewers to win a prize at the end. The original Dutch version of the show was initially aired from 1999 to 2006 for six regular seasons, and two celebrity editions. Many international versions have also been developed following the same structure. In 2021, the cooperation season with Flanders of Big Brother returned in the Netherlands after an absence of 14 years.

## Origins
### John de Mol Jr.

Participants were John de Mol Jr., Patrick Scholtze, Bart Römer and his brother, Paul Römer. The idea called for a luxurious house with six contestants, closed for a year. The winner would receive 1,000,000 guilders. The working title was De Gouden Kooi (The Golden Cage) and the original concept was eventually realized as a reality show on Dutch television at the end of 2006.
The format of Big Brother was also influenced by MTV's The Real World, which began in 1992 and created the concept of putting strangers together for an extended period and recording the drama that ensued. The Real World had introduced "confessions" by housemates. Another pioneering reality format, the Swedish TV show Expedition Robinson, which first aired in 1997 (and was produced in many other countries as was Survivor) added to the Real World's template the idea of competition, in which contestants battled to remain in the series, fighting and defeating each other (in the context of the show, not physically) until only one remained.
The idea of introducing 24/7 streaming video was influenced by websites like Jennicam.org from Jennifer Ringley, a Washington resident who created it in 1997 to share her activities with Webwatchers.
In development, occupancy of the house was reduced to 100 days. An existing house was abandoned in favor of a prefabricated house. This made it possible to install "camera-cross", which allowed cameramen inside the house without being seen by the inhabitants. Originally, the idea was to produce a heavily edited weekly program, but after some experiments with the employees of the production house, the allure of slow television was discovered and the potential for a daily program was realized.

### Direction

Among the series' initial directors was the future filmmaker Tom Six, who would become renowned for his body horror film The Human Centipede and its sequels.

### Orwell lawsuit

George Orwell's book Nineteen Eighty-Four, in which Big Brother is the all-seeing leader of a dystopian nation, has never been acknowledged by the producers. However, the heirs of Orwell settled an agreement with Endemol and the American TV network CBS after legal proceedings against the concept in the American version. The settlement for the lawsuit has never been publicly revealed.

### Voyeurdorm lawsuit

According to a lawsuit in 2000 in a New York federal district court, Big Brother was homegrown in the United States. The idea, said the suit, came out of meetings in summer 1999 between CBS executives and Voyeurdorm.com, a Tampa, Florida adult website of eight college-aged women. These women lived, ate, slept, studied and "sunbathed naked" under 55 cameras.

### Castaway lawsuit

Also in 2000, the production company Castaway, part-owned by Bob Geldof, sued Endemol for theft of format in a court in Amsterdam, saying the program was a rip-off of its Survivor-show (Expedition Robinson). A lawyer listed 12 similarities to Survivor. Endemol rejected the allegations, saying: "The genre may be the same, but the programmes are completely different, and they evolved separately. There are 20 or 30 game shows on TV and many different talk shows, but they are in the same genre, not the same programme."

### Logo

The logo for Big Brother was designed to fit the housestyle of Dutch television station Veronica. The wave under both names harkens back to the time that Veronica was a pirate station, broadcasting from international waters of the Netherlands. The wave remained when Veronica left the Holland Media Groep and Big Brother was taken over by Yorin. It showed up in the logos of Big Brother all over the world. However, later versions of Dutch Big Brother at Talpa abandoned the logo and are using the eye-logo introduced with the second series of Big Brother UK.

## Ethics and Debate

Upon the announcement of the program's format, a debate arose about its ethical acceptability. It was not known whether participants would be shown showering or on the toilet. Though both had been deemed unacceptable, only the latter still holds. Experts argued whether participants should be protected against themselves and whether participation would cause psychological or emotional damage. This discussion included the moral panic in Sweden after the first contestant voted off Expedition Robinson killed himself; his family reportedly blaming the rejection he felt due to being unpopular with the public.
P. van Lange, a social psychologist at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam pointed out the similarity to the Stanford Prison Experiment (1971). Participants in that experiment were placed in a jail, where half of them played guards and the other half prisoners. In six days, the experiment derailed. The guards became aggressive, repressive, narcissistic, and sadistic. They transformed into personalities beyond their normal selves. "From the Stanford-experiment may be concluded that human behavior is largely summoned by the local circumstances", added his colleague J. van der Pligt, professor at the Universiteit van Amsterdam. "People get carried away," said A. Bergsma of Psychologie Magazine. "Isolation becomes reality. They lose themselves in the experiment. There are no checks and balances. If there is no correction, they will derail one after another." All experts agreed that the big reward for the winner increased the chance of accidents. But not all had a negative opinion. A. Lange, a professor of clinical psychology at the Universiteit van Amsterdam indicated that the program could produce certain insights not possible to achieve any more in socio-psychological research because the psychological well-being of the participant had been given greater importance. "The design of the programme is the wet dream of a psychological researcher. Nowhere in the world an ethical commission will be found that would agree to such a design", agreed psycho-physiologist A. Gaillard of the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research.
Once Big Brother first started scoring high ratings, the debate shifted to what this implied about the character of the Dutch, and if the sexually explicit content and terms of abuse in the program suited early broadcasting. What was considered voyeurism had now became mainstream entertainment. One explanation was that people had become more isolated and were searching for others to identify with. In this view, talking about Big Brother took the place of backbiting and scandal on the village green.
The debate in the Netherlands has died down and reality TV has become a standard of television programming. In hindsight, it nonetheless became clear that some housemates (like first season's Bart en Ruud) suffered psychological problems akin to post traumatic stress disorder.

## Series overview
### Regular seasons

| Season | Originally aired | Originally aired | Originally aired | Days | Housemates | Winner | The prize | Presenter |
| Season | Network | First aired | Last aired | Days | Housemates | Winner | The prize | Presenter |
| Big Brother 1999 | Veronica | 16 September 1999 | 31 December 1999 | 106 | 12 | Bart Spring in 't Veld | ƒ250,000 (€113,445) | Rolf Wouters & Daphne Deckers |
| Big Brother 2000 | Veronica | 14 September 2000 | 30 December 2000 | 108 | 15 | Bianca Hagenbeek | ƒ250,000 (€113,445) | Esther Duller & Beau Van Erven Doren |
| Big Brother 2001 | Yorin | 6 September 2001 | 30 December 2001 | 115 | 17 | Sandy Boots | ƒ675,000 (€306,302) | Patty Brard |
| Big Brother 2002 | Yorin | 28 August 2002 | 23 December 2002 | 117 | 20 | Jeanette Godefroy | €352,500 | Martijn Krabbé |
| Big Brother 2005 | Talpa | 24 August 2005 | 22 December 2005 | 121 | 13 | Joost Hoebink | €262,500 | Ruud de Wild & Bridget Maasland |
| Big Brother 2006 | Talpa | 20 August 2006 | 27 November 2006 | 102 | 15 | Jeroen Visser | €178,750 | Bridget Maasland |
| Big Brother 2021 | RTL 5 | 4 January 2021 | 8 April 2021 | 99 | 19 | Jill Goede | €70,405.50 | Geraldine Kemper & Peter van de Veire |
| Big Brother 2022 | RTL 5 | 3 January 2022 | 26 March 2022 | 86 | 16 | Salar Abassi Abrassi | €69,815 | Geraldine Kemper & Peter van de Veire |
| Big Brother 2023 | RTL 5 | 9 January 2023 | 1 April 2023 | 86 | 16 | Bart Vandenbroek | €73,388 | Geraldine Kemper & Tatyana Beloy |
| Big Brother 2024 | RTL 5 | 15 January 2024 | 13 April 2024 | 93 | 18 | Glenn Van Himst | €56,266 | Geraldine Kemper & Tatyana Beloy |
| Big Brother 2025 | RTL 5 | 6 January 2025 | April 2025 | TBA | 18 | TBA | TBA | Geraldine Kemper & Tatyana Beloy |

### VIPs seasons

| Season | Originally aired | Originally aired | Originally aired | Days | Housemates | Winner | Presenter |
| Season | Network | First aired | Last aired | Days | Housemates | Winner | Presenter |
| Big Brother VIPs | Veronica | 22 May 2000 | 16 June 2000 | 26 | 25 | No Winner | Unknown |
| Hotel Big Brother | Talpa | 12 January 2006 | 6 March 2006 | 54 | 10 | No Winner | Caroline Tensen |

### Secret Story

| Season | Originally aired | Originally aired | Originally aired | Days | Housemates | Winner | The prize | Presenter |
| Season | Network | First aired | Last aired | Days | Housemates | Winner | The prize | Presenter |
| Secret Story 2011 | NET5 | 13 February 2011 | 12 May 2011 | 91 | 15 | Sharon Hooijkaas | €117,050 | Renate Verbaan & Bart Boonstra |

## Big Brother VIPs

Big Brother VIPs was the first-ever of celebrity spin-off version of the original of the international reality television franchise Big Brother worldwide. The show was broadcast on Veronica from 22 May 2000 to 16 June 2000 for four weeks.
The show was pre-recorded in the Big Brother House were included four different groups of well-known Dutch celebrities known as VIPs. The VIPs of each group were only in the house for five days. There was no winner in this show.
The show could not take advantage of the hype of Big Brother 1, the ratings were significantly lower.
| Week | VIPs | Age | Birthplace | Notability |
| 1 | Ad Visser | 53 | Amsterdam | Toppop presenter and new age artist |
| 1 | Antje Monteiro | 30 | Utrecht | Musical singer |
| 1 | Christine van der Horst | 33 | Zaandam | Presenter |
| 1 | Emile Ratelband | 51 | Arnhem | Positivity guru |
| 1 | Johan van der Velde | 43 | Rijsbergen | Former cyclist |
| 1 | Monique Sluyter | 32 | Sneek | TV presenter and playboy model |
| 1 | Theo van Gogh | 42 | The Hague | Journalist, film-director and presenter |
| 2 | Ben Cramer | 53 | Amsterdam | Singer and musical star |
| 2 | Désirée Manders | 30 | The Hague | Pop singer |
| 2 | Harry Slinger | 50 | Amsterdam | Pop group Drukwerk singer |
| 2 | John Blankenstein | 51 | De Bilt | Former professional football referee |
| 2 | Kim Holland | 30 | Gouda | Porn star |
| 2 | Manon Thomas | 37 | Emmeloord | TV presenter |
| 3 | Henk Bres | 47 | The Hague | The Hague "stem des volks", regular participant of TV program Het Lagerhuis |
| 3 | Isabelle Kuylenburg | 20 | - | One of the singing duo Double Date, known from the Nationaal Songfestival |
| 3 | Maja van den Broecke | 44 | Amsterdam | Actress |
| 3 | Menno Buch | 48 | The Hague | Erotic TV show presenter, owner of sex lines and porn websites |
| 3 | Mike Starink | 29 | Arnhem | TV presenter |
| 3 | Nickie Nicole | 38 | New York | Drag queen |
| 4 | Anneke Grönloh | 54 | Indonesia | Singer |
| 4 | Henk Schiffmacher | 48 | Harderwijk | Tattoo artist |
| 4 | Maxine | 25 | Emmeloord | Eurovision singer |
| 4 | Maya Eksteen | 41 | Amsterdam | TV presenter |
| 4 | Ronnie Tober | 54 | Bussum | Singer |
| 4 | Theodor Holman | 47 | Amsterdam | Writer and journalist |

## Hotel Big Brother

Hotel Big Brother was the second celebrity spin-off version of the original Dutch reality television series Big Brother. The show was broadcast on Talpa from 12 January 2006 to 7 March 2006 for 55 days.
In this show, well-known Dutch celebrities were brought together to operate a hotel as a "hotelier". The proceeds of the hotel would donate to the foundation of Mappa Mondo, for children with a life-threatening illness from the Red Cross in Eindhoven. The target amount was €2,500,000, to be raised in eight weeks.
Outsiders could stay in the hotel. For this, they had to register via the website of the show. On the website, they could reserve a room in the hotel for one or more nights where it was possible that they could be seen on TV.
Each week they were joined by a new manager called Big Boss, who would be in charge. The Big Boss would stay for a week and was not part of the competition. Initially, every week a "hotelier" would be voted out by the public, but this concept was immediately abandoned after a few celebrities quit the show.
The show suffered from poor viewing figures and the Red Cross was dissatisfied with the quality delivered, but after some adjustments, which inevitably led to censored TV coverage and often logos on the streams it was nevertheless maintained.
The show ended a week earlier than planned on 7 March 2006 with the "Gala van de Glimlach van een Kind (Gala of the Smile of a Child)" many celebrities participated free of charge.
| Hoteliers | Age | Notability | Duration | Status |
| Anita Heilker | 45 | Former Dolly Dots singer | Day 16 - 55 | Exit |
| Bonnie St. Claire | 56 | Pop singer | Day 1 - 55 | Exit |
| Ferri Somogyi | 32 | Actor | Day 21 - 55 | Exit |
| Frank Awick | 40 | AT5 presenter | Day 1 - 55 | Exit |
| John Jones | 42 | Comedian and actor | Day 9 - 55 | Exit |
| Monique Sluyter | 38 | TV presenter, model and Big Brother VIPs 2000 participant | Day 1 - 55 | Exit |
| Viola Holt | 56 | TV presenter | Day 1 - 55 | Exit |
| Bart Spring in 't Veld | 29 | Winner of Big Brother 1999 | Day 1 - 26 | Walked |
| Gert Timmerman | 70 | Singer | Day 1 - 13 | Walked |
| Kelly van der Veer | 25 | Big Brother 2001 housemate | Day 1 - 9 | Walked |
Big Boss
| Duration | Big Boss | Notability |
| Day 1 - 9 | Micky Hoogendijk | Actress |
| Day 9 - 19 | Henk Krol | Gay movement leader and Gay Krant editor-in-chief |
| Day 19 - 27 | Chiel van Praag | Record producer |
| Day 27 - 33 | Theo Nabuurs | Party organizer and one of the DJ duo Mental Theo |
| Day 33 - 40 | Annelies Fleers | Magazine maker |
| Day 40 - 47 | Mieke Vogelpoel | Mental coach |
| Day 47 - 55 | Wilma Nanninga | Tabloid journalist |
Guest
| Duration | Big Boss | Notability |
| Day 10 | Joost Hoebink | Winner of Big Brother 2005 |