OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baltic Defence Line

The Baltic Defence Line (Estonian: Balti kaitsevöönd, Latvian: Baltijas aizsardzības līnija, Lithuanian: Baltijos gynybos linija) is a planned joint defense line by Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania along their borders with Russia and Belarus. The Baltic Defence Line was announced on 19 January 2024, in a joint-meeting between the Ministers of Defence of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania in Riga. The Baltic Defence Line is to begin construction in Estonia in 2025, construction is to begin in Lithuania by the end of summer 2024, and construction began in Latvia on 2 May 2024.
According to Baiba Braže, the Foreign Minister of Latvia, the Baltic Defence Line could take up to a decade to be completed.

## Structure

The Baltic Defence Line is planned to consist of anti-mobility defensive installations, such as at least six-hundred bunkers across each individual national border, the usage of natural and artificial obstacles, such as forestry and rivers, and anti-tank ditches along the borders of the three Baltic states. It is suspected that M142 HIMARS artillery rocket systems also are to be used for defensive capabilities.
Alongside the defensive installations, the Baltic Defence Line is to also consist of storage areas, where defensive elements such as dragon's teeth, anti-tank hedgehog and razor wire are to be kept.

## History

The Baltic Defence Line began to be proposed in response to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and in fears over Russian threats to the Baltic states. At the 2022 NATO Summit in Madrid is where the concept of defensive installations were decided.
# Kannappa (disambiguation)

Kannappa was an Indian Hindu (Shaivite) saint, counted among the 63 Nayanars.
Kannappa may also refer to:
* Kannappa (film), a 2024 Indian film about the saint by Mukesh Kumar Singh
* Priyadharshan Kannappan (born 1993), Indian chess grandmaster
# Kim Hyun-soo

Kim Hyun-soo, Kim Hyun-su, Kim Hyeon-soo, Kim Hyeon-su is the name of:
* Kim Hyeon-soo (politician) (born 1961), South Korean politician
* Kim Hyun-su (footballer, born February 1973) (born February 1973), South Korean association football player, formerly of Jeonnam Dragons
* Kim Hyun-soo (footballer, born March 1973), South Korean association football player, formerly of Busan Daewoo Royals
* Kim Hyun-soo (ice hockey) (born 1984), South Korean ice hockey player
* Kim Hyun-soo (volleyball) (born 1986), South Korean volleyball player
* Hyun-soo Kim (born 1988), South Korean baseball player
* Kim Hyun-soo (rugby union) (born 1988), South Korean rugby union player
* Kim Hyun-soo (actress) (born 2000), South Korean actress
# CBM TV

CBM was a potential television channel owned by the East Midlands company, CBM Media, to be broadcast in the United Kingdom. It was to be carried on Freeview on multiplex D. The channel was to provide business news from Bloomberg (including a daily 5am-10am simulcast), independent movies and minor sports to anyone with a Freeview receiver.
Its placeholder, originally named "Ch 22" was added from Freeview's launch in 2002 and was expected to host Turner Classic Movies. However, from 1 May 2003, the placeholder was renamed "CBM" and a test transmission banner was shown, informing viewers "New Service Launching Soon!" This screen was shown until 6 August 2003, when the plug was pulled on the channel. The static caption was removed and the channel was relabelled as "Channel 22" on the EPG.

## Termination of contract

On 8 August 2003, Crown Castle (now Arqiva) being the owner of the multiplex, terminated CBM's broadcasting contract, stating that CBM Media were having trouble "reaching strategic milestones", and "no movement had occurred in the channel's launch". Crown Castle then anticipated that the slot was to be filled by timeshare broadcasters, each having a certain amount of time on air. This was abolished in April 2004, when the 24-hour shopping channel Ideal World took over the channel 22 spot.
After the collapse of the deal, CBM Media began considering its options, which included taking legal proceeding for breach of contract by Crown Castle and making a formal complaint to the Independent Television Commission on competition grounds, with a spokesman for CBM Media said that Crown Castle had "no valid basis for termination." Meanwhile, CBM Media persisted with plans to launch a new channel on Freeview in 2004. The channel would have been devoted entirely to sports, with the working title "Freesport". CBM had reached agreements with 12 national sports bodies for coverage of low profile sports such as rowing, swimming, badminton, canoeing, cycling and netball. However, nothing was to come of the plans.
# Walter E. Bachman

Walter Ellsworth "Scrapper" Bachman Sr. (March 19, 1879 – November 11, 1958) was an American college football player and coach. A player at Lafayette College from 1899 until 1901, Bachman developed the "roving center" position for college football. He is regarded as one of the best offensive linemen in Lafayette history. In 1900 he was given second-team All-American honors by Walter Camp and was one of the first players to be given the honor from a school outside of Yale, Harvard, Princeton and Penn. He did also make several other All-American lists that season. In 1901, he was the fourth leading scorer for the Leopards with 25 goals from touchdowns (this was before modern scoring was implemented).

## Biography

Bachman was born in 1880 and raised in Phillipsburg, New Jersey. After graduation, he served as an assistant football coach at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania. He then served as the seventh head coach of the Texas A&M Aggies from 1905 to 1906 finishing with a record of 13–3 (.813).
Bachman also had a career in professional football. In 1902 he played for the Philadelphia Phillies of the first National Football League. After the season ended, he became a member of the "New York team" during the World Series of Football The team was heavily favored to win the 5 team tournament, and featured professional football stars Blondy Wallace, Charlie Gelbert and Ben Roller. However, the team was eliminated in the opening match in a 5–0 loss to the Syracuse Athletic Club.
In 1906 he became a yardmaster for the Lehigh Valley Railroad until his retirement in 1944. He died on November 11, 1958, at Easton Hospital in Easton, Pennsylvania.

## Legacy

Bachman was inducted in the Lafayette Maroon Hall of Fame in 1977.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Allegheny Gators (Independent) (1903) ||||||
| 1903 | Allegheny | 5–6 | | |
| Allegheny: | Allegheny: | 5–5 | | |
| Texas A&M Aggies (Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1905–1906) ||||||
| 1905 | Texas A&M | 7–2 | 0–1 | T–12th |
| 1906 | Texas A&M | 6–1 | 2–1 | 5th |
| Texas A&M: | Texas A&M: | 13–3 | 2–2 | |
| Total: | Total: | 18–9 | | |
# Cédric Di Dio Balsamo

Cédric Di Dio Balsamo (born 27 March 1994) is a French ice hockey player for Ducs d'Angers and the French national team.
He represented France at the 2019 IIHF World Championship.
# Pankho people

The Pankhos (Bengali: পাংখো), are a community inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh with a population of only 1,857 in Bangladesh according to the 2022 census. In Bangladesh, the Pankhos live in Rangamati Hill District.
The Luseis and Pankhos belong to the Kuki-chin-mizo group of people. The Lushai Hills, which is now part of Mizoram, is their original homeland. Though the Luseis and Pankhos are identified as separate tribes, they are culturally very close to each other. Though the Luseis do not understand Pankho language, the latter understand the Lusei language. Both the tribes are known for their bravery, honesty and truthfulness.

## Geographical distribution

According to the 2022 Bangladeshi census, there are 1,857 Pankho people in Bangladesh. Specifically, 1,398 (75.28%) Phanko live in Rangamati district.
| Upazila | Population | Percentage of Pankho |
| Belaichhari Upazila | 498 | 1.69% |
| Rangamati Sadar Upazila | 228 | 0.15% |
| Barkal Upazila | 208 | 0.42% |
| Kaptai Upazila | 143 | 0.26% |
| Baghaichhari Upazila | 117 | 0.11% |
| Juraichhari Upazila | 116 | 0.43% |
| Others | <100 | |

## Religion and culture

The Pankhos adopted Christianity during the British period and have adopted western dress and culture.
# My Typhoon

My Typhoon (foaled 2002 in Ireland) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse whom the NTRA calls "one of the world's best-bred horses."

## Background

Bred in Ireland by David Tsui's Sunderland Holdings, she was sired by Giant's Causeway, a son of Storm Cat whose stud fee in 2006 became the highest in the world at $500,000. Her dam is Urban Sea, winner of the 1993 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and her damsire was Miswaki, a two-time Leading broodmare sire in Great Britain & Ireland and a son of Mr. Prospector. My Typhoon is a half-sister to Galileo, a colt who won the 2001 Epsom Derby, Irish Derby, and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and was voted the 2001 European Champion Three-Year-Old. She is also a half sister to Sea the Stars.
At the December 2002 Tattersalls Sale, My Typhoon was sold as a weanling to Live Oak Stud of Ocala, Florida, for a then-record price of US$2.95 million. Her new owners entrusted her race conditioning to U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer William I. Mott.

## Racing career

At Churchill Downs in 2005, My Typhoon won her first significant race, capturing the Grade II Mrs. Revere Stakes. She won again that year at Colonial Downs, taking the Virginia Oaks. At age four, she returned to racing and in May 2006 won the Grade III Gallorette Handicap at Pimlico Race Course and June's Grade II Mint Julep Handicap back at Churchill Downs. In August, she won the GII Ballston Spa Breeders' Cup Handicap and after a third place in the First Lady Stakes at Keeneland Race Course returned to Churchill Downs, where she finished sixth in November's Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf won by Ouija Board.
Despite being extremely valuable for her breeding potential, My Typhoon returned to the track at age five. She began 2007 in March with a second-place finish in the Hillsborough Stakes at Tampa Bay Downs, then won April's Grade III Jenny Wiley Stakes at Keeneland Race Course. Shipped north, in June she won the Grade II Just A Game Stakes at Belmont Park and at Saratoga Race Course on July 28 won her third straight stakes under jockey Eddie Castro. Her victory in the 1+1⁄8 miles (1.8 km) Diana Handicap turf race marked her first Grade 1 win and was also significant because throughout her racing career, she struggled at distances beyond 1+1⁄16 mi (1.7 km). As well, under the new Breeders' Cup "Win and You're In" provision for designated races, her victory in the Diana Handicap guaranteed her a berth in the 2007 Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf. In her next outing on August 23, My Typhoon finished sixth in the Ballston Spa Handicap.
# I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper

"I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper", sometimes cited as "(I Lost My Heart to A) Starship Trooper", is a 1978 single written by Jeff Calvert and Max West of Typically Tropical and performed by Sarah Brightman and the dance troupe Hot Gossip. It was the debut of the 18-year-old Brightman, and reached number six on the UK singles chart.

## Background

The song is a space disco track, released amidst the popularity of the original Star Wars film. The lyrics include the lines "And evil Darth Vader he's been banished to Mars" and "Or are you like a droid, devoid of emotion". Other science fiction references include: "I lost my heart to a starship trooper", "Flash Gordon's left me, he's gone to the stars", "What my body needs is close encounter three", "Static on the comm – it's Starfleet Command" and "Fighting for the Federation".
The song uses musical themes from Star Wars, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (from 2001: A Space Odyssey), and the "spaceship communication" melody from Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
The song was performed on The Kenny Everett Video Show by its regular dance troupe Hot Gossip. Its lead, Sarah Brightman, was dressed in a silver catsuit and black thigh-high boots.
In 1997, Brightman rerecorded the song, with producer Frank Peterson, and released it as a single to coincide with the film Starship Troopers. Although the single carried artwork from the film, the song itself was not in the film.

## Weekly charts

| Chart (1978) | Peak Position |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 5 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 50 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 6 |
| West Germany (GfK) | 26 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Time deviation

Time deviation (TDEV), also known as $\sigma _{x}(\tau )$, measures the time stability of a clock source's phase over an observation interval, expressed as a standard deviation of the time variations. This indicates the time instability of the signal source. This is a scaled variant of frequency stability of Allan deviation. It is commonly defined from the modified Allan deviation, but other estimators may be used.
Time variance (TVAR), symbolised as $\sigma _{x}^{2}(\tau )$, is the time stability of phase versus observation interval tau. It is a scaled variant of modified Allan variance.
TDEV is a metric often used to determine an aspect of the quality of timing signals in telecommunication applications and is a statistical analysis of the phase stability of a signal over a given period. Measurements of a reference timing signal will refer to its TDEV and maximum time interval error (MTIE) values, comparing them to specified masks or goals.

## Definition

The most common estimator uses the modified Allan variance
    $\sigma _{x}^{2}(\tau )={\frac {\tau ^{2}}{3}}\operatorname {mod} \sigma _{y}^{2}(n\tau _{0})$
where $\tau =n\tau _{o}$.[Add definitions of n and τ$_0$] The 3 in the denominator normalizes TVAR to be equal to the classical variance if the deviations in x are random and uncorrelated (white noise).
Alternatively, TDEV, which is the square-root of TVAR, may be derived from MDEV modified Allan deviation
    $\sigma _{x}(\tau )={\frac {\tau }{\sqrt {3}}}\operatorname {mod} \sigma _{y}(n\tau _{0})$
# Emile Lamm

Emile Lamm (24 November 1834 – 12 July 1873, in New Orleans) was a French-born American inventor and dentist.
Lamm was born in Aÿ, France, but moved to Louisiana in 1848 at the age of 14. He patented various improvements in techniques of gold dental fillings, and developed a number of innovative designs for street railways. These later were inspired by wishes to improve the Streetcars in New Orleans, as there was a desire for faster and more powerful propulsion than horsecars could provide, while steam locomotives created noise, smoke, and soot that was undesirable in city streets. The most successful of Lamm's designs was "Lamm's Fireless Engine", which ran on the St. Charles Streetcar Line in New Orleans in the 1870s and 1880s, and also saw wide use in the street railways of Paris.
# LASARsat

LASARsat (Laser-Assisted Satellite Reentry satellite) is a Czech scientific microsatellite, which is to be launched into Earth orbit before the end of 2024.
The LASARsat mission is a continuation of the Czech high school team LASAR, which won the Conrad Challenge, a global STEM competition held in Houston. The satellite is designed to test the possibilities of using high-power lasers for traffic management in orbit and to help to solve the problem of space debris.
The satellite should be launched into a Low Earth orbit by SpaceX's Falcon 9 as part of the Bandwagon-2 mission.

## Description

LASARsat is 1U specification CubeSat, with dimensions of 10×10×11.3 centimeters and total volume of 1000 cubic centimeters.

### Payload

The satellite has control, energy and communication equipment on board, the latter being designed for amateur radio contact. LASARsat is also carrying a small capsule with non-alcoholic Czech beer.

#### Scientific instruments

Seven scientific instruments will be on board LASARsat:
* Photodiodes, which will be used to measure the laser's energy losses in Earth's atmosphere.
* Series of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which will improve tracking accuracy.
* Retroreflectors, which will reflect the laser beam back to Earth's surface to allow its further study.
* Langmuir probe, which will measure changes in ionization upon laser's impact.
* Earthcam, a camera for capturing the Earth's surface, on which the effects of the laser beam on optical sensors will be tested.
* Two dosimeters, one supplied by Czech Aerospace Research Centre and the other one by SkyFox Labs.

### Mission

The satellite main mission is to gain further data on the possible usage of the LASAR method and usage of Earth-based lasers in space in general.

## Orbit

The satellite is supposed to reach a low Earth orbit at an altitude of 400 to 500 kilometres, with an inclination of 45.5 degrees and an orbital period of 96 minutes.
# Parana

Paraná, Paranã or Parana may refer to:

## Geology

* Paraná Basin, a sedimentary basin in South America

## Places
### In Argentina

* Paraná, Entre Ríos, a city
* Paraná Department, a part of Entre Ríos Province
* Paraná, Buenos Aires, a settlement in Escobar Partido, Buenos Aires

### In Brazil

* Paraná (state), a state in the South of Brazil
* Paraná, Rio Grande do Norte, a town
* Paraná Province, one of the provinces of the Empire of Brazil
* Paranã, a city in the state of Tocantins
* Ji-Paraná, a city in the state of Rondônia

### In India

* Parana, Agra, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India

## Rivers

* Paraná River, a river that flows through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina
** Paraná Delta, at the mouth of Paraná River
* Paranã River, a river in the state of Goiás, Brazil
* Paraná Urariá, a river in the state of Amazonas, Brazil

## Other

* ARA Paraná, several ships of the Argentine Navy
* Ji-Paraná Futebol Clube, a football team from Ji-Paraná, Rondônia state
* Paraná Clube, a football team in the Vila Capanema district of Curitiba, Paraná
* Paraná (footballer), Brazilian association footballer
* Parana pine, a common name of Araucaria angustifolia
# Charles Theodore Pachelbel

Charles Theodore Pachelbel (baptized Carl Theodorus, also spelled Karl Theodor, on 24 November [O.S. 14 November] 1690; buried 15 September 1750) was a German composer, organist and harpsichordist of the late Baroque era. He was the son of the more famous Johann Pachelbel, composer of the popular Canon in D. He was one of the first European composers to take up residence in the American colonies, and was the most famous musical figure in early Charleston, South Carolina.

## Life
### Early years (1690–1732)

He was born in Stuttgart and baptized in the Evangelische Kirchengemeinde (Protestant parish) there on 24 November 1690, son of Johann Pachelbel and his second wife Judith Drommer. The family moved to Gotha in 1692, then to Nuremberg in 1695. Nothing is known about Charles Theodore's life for 25 years after 1706, when his father died, except the fact that he probably lived in England for some time (his name appears in a 1732 list of subscribers to a volume of harpsichord music published in London).

### The colonies (1733–50)

The circumstances of his emigration to the colonies are unknown. Pachelbel was living in Boston, Massachusetts, by spring 1733, when he was asked to assist in the installation of the new organ of Trinity Church in Newport, Rhode Island. The instrument was donated to Trinity by George Berkeley, the famous philosopher. Pachelbel was subsequently hired as organist of the church and held the post until approximately mid-1735. In 1736 Pachelbel gave two public concerts in New York: on 21 January and on 9 March. Both took place in Robert Todd's house, an important tavern. Pachelbel played the harpsichord, accompanied by local musicians and singers.
Pachelbel soon left for Charleston, South Carolina, where he spent the rest of his life. On 16 February 1737 he married Hanna Poitevin in St. Philip's Church in Charleston. The couple had at least one child, Charles, born on 10 September 1739. This could have been Pachelbel's second marriage, because traces of an older daughter have been found. He actively participated in the musical life of the city: on 22 November 1737 he organized a concert of vocal and instrumental music, apparently the first public concert in the Charleston area; in February 1740 he succeeded John Salter as organist of St. Philip's Church; and in 1749, one year before he died, he opened a singing school. Pachelbel's death in 1750 was apparently caused by some sort of illness, referred to as a "lameness in the hands" in the documents. His wife outlived him by 19 years and died on 6 September 1769. There is no further record of Pachelbel's children.

## Works

Only a handful of works by Charles Pachelbel survive; the most famous is an aria God of sleep, for whom I languish. His Magnificat for double choir is performed with some frequency. The young Peter Pelham studied with him since Newport and followed him to Charleston; some of Pachelbel's compositions survive in Pelham's partbooks. Included in the list of Pachelbel's possessions compiled after his death are a harpsichord, a clavichord and collections of sheet music, but none of these seem to have survived.
# Ned Bolcar

Ned Francis Bolcar (born January 12, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played three seasons in the National Football League (NFL), one with the Seattle Seahawks and two with the Miami Dolphins.
A native of Lopatcong Township, New Jersey who played at Phillipsburg High School, Bolcar was a 1984 USA Today High School All-American selection.
He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, twice earning second-team All-American (1987, 1989) honors. He captained their 1988 national championship team.
Bolcar was a sixth-round selection in the 1990 NFL draft by the Seattle Seahawks.
# Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel

Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel (baptized 29 August [O.S. 19 August] 1686 – 6 June 1764) was a German composer and organist, the elder son of Johann Pachelbel.

## Life

He was born in Erfurt and spent the first four years of his life there. The Pachelbel family moved to Stuttgart in 1690, then, fleeing from the War of the Grand Alliance, to Gotha in 1692, and finally to Nuremberg in 1695. Wilhelm Hieronymus almost certainly received his first music education from his father. By age 14 he was proficient enough on the keyboard to receive special commendation from the town council of Nuremberg. After leaving Nuremberg, he worked as organist at Fürth and his native Erfurt's Predigerkirche, before returning and taking the position at St. Jakob in 1706, shortly before his father's death. That same year J.S. Richter succeeded Johann Pachelbel at the city's largest church, Sebalduskirche; Wilhelm Hieronymus took Richter's former position at St. Egidienkirche. He remained in Nuremberg for the rest of his life, working at St. Egidien until 1719, when Richter died and Wilhelm Hieronymus was chosen to succeed him at Sebalduskirche.
Only seven pieces by Wilhelm Hieronymus survive, all of them for keyboard. While three show the influence of his father (the Toccata in G major, the chorale partita on "O Lamm Gottes, unschuldig", and the fugal prelude to Fantasia super Meine Seele, lass es gehen), in the remaining works Pachelbel shows a preference for technique that is harmonically and contrapuntally simpler, influenced by the emerging Classical style. Two such pieces were published by Pachelbel himself.

## List of works

* Prelude and Fugue in C major (published in Nuremberg, 1725)
* Prelude, Fugue, and Fantasia in D major (Nuremberg, possibly 1725, published as Musicalisches Vergnügen)
* Toccata in G major
* Fantasia in B-flat major
* Fantasia super Meine Seele, lass es gehen
* Chorale partita O Lamm Gottes unschuldig
* Fugue in F major
Maybe is BWV 923 a work of Pachelbel, some manuscripts give him as the composer (https://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00001096)