OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Artisan

An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand. These objects may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative art, sculpture, clothing, food items, household items, and tools and mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker. Artisans practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the expressive levels of an artist.

## History

The adjective "artisanal" is often used in describing hand-processing in contrast to an industrial process, such as in the phrase artisanal mining. Thus, "artisanal" is sometimes used in marketing and advertising as a buzz word to describe or imply some relation with the crafting of handmade food products, such as bread, beverages, cheese or textiles. Many of these have traditionally been handmade, rural or pastoral goods but are also now commonly made on a larger scale with automated mechanization in factories and other industrial areas.
Artisans were the dominant producers of primary products before the Industrial Revolution.
In ancient Greece, artisans were drawn to agoras and often built workshops nearby.

### Medieval artisans

During the Middle Ages, the term "artisan" was applied to those who made things or provided services. It did not apply to unskilled manual labourers. Artisans were divided into two distinct groups: those who operated their own businesses and those who did not. The former were called masters, while the latter were the journeymen and apprentices.
One misunderstanding many people have about this social group is that they picture them as "workers" in the modern sense: employed by someone. The most influential group among the artisans were the masters, the business owners. The owners enjoyed a high social status in their communities, and organised into guilds in towns and cities.

## Shokunin

Shokunin is a Japanese word for "artisan" or "craftsman", which also implies a pride in one's own work. In the words of shokunin Tashio Odate:
   Shokunin means not only having technical skill, but also implies an attitude and social consciousness... a social obligation to work his best for the general welfare of the people, [an] obligation both material and spiritual.
Traditionally, shokunin honoured their tools of trade at New Year's – the sharpened and taken-care of tools would be placed in a tokonoma (a container or box still found in Japanese houses and shops), and two rice cakes and a tangerine (on top of rice paper) were placed on top of each toolbox, to honour the tools and express gratitude for performing their task.

## Gallery

* Armorer, 1425
* Blacksmith, 1606
* Bladesmith, 1564
* Cooper, 1608
* Dyer, 1433
* Furrier, 1543
* Glassblowing, 1500s
* Gunsmith, 1613
* Hatter, 1533
* Joiner, 1425
* Locksmith, 1600
* Nailsmith, 1529
* Potter, 1605
* Ropemaker, 1616
* Saddler, 1470
* Shoemaker, 1535
* Stonemason, 1550
* Tailor, 1425
* Tanner, 1473
* Weaver, 1524
* Wheelwright, 1545
# Dead Leaves (2016 film)

Dead Leaves (French: Feuilles mortes) is a Canadian science fiction film, directed by Thierry Bouffard, Steve "Carnior" Landry and Édouard Albernhe Tremblay, and released in 2016.
Set in a post-apocalyptic world where civil society has largely collapsed and the relatively few remaining survivors are largely living in gangs fighting for resources, the film centres on the stories of Bob (Roy Dupuis), an itinerant gun-toting loner searching for his brother; Marianne (Noémie O'Farrell), a woman searching for refuge with her aunt (Marie-Ginette Guay) after much of her family have been massacred by the gangs; and Léon (Philippe Racine), a gang member undertaking a dangerous journey back to his former home.
The cast also includes Audrey Rancourt-Lessard, Mélody Minville, Jacques Laroche, Eliot Laprise, Serge Bonin, Éric Leblanc, Louis Tremblay, Martin Laroche, Lucien Ratio, Charles-Étienne Beauline, Jean-Michel Girouard, Sylvain Brosseau, Pierre-Luc Fontaine, Nicolas Paquin, Claude Vallières, Patrick Lauzon, Annie Gignac, Vincent Champoux, Michael Kelly, Marc Poirier, François Aubin, André Beaupré, Étienne Bouchard, Lise Castonguay and Hugo Girard in supporting roles.
The film was shot in fall 2015, in rural areas near Quebec City.
The film premiered at the 2016 Fantasia Film Festival, where it was the winner of the Barry Convex Award for Best Canadian Film. It was later screened at the Rhode Island International Film Festival, where it won the First Jury Prize for feature films.
# Gilbert (Tennessee)

Gilbert (c. 1785 – August 28, 1827) was an American man enslaved by Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the United States. One of the affiants in the case of his death described him as a man of "strong sense and determined character." The man who killed him described him as "a very strong, stout man, possessed of a most violent and ungovernable temper and disposition, among many other faults."
Gilbert escaped from Jackson's plantations at least four times. In 1804, John Coffee placed a runaway slave ad seeking his return in the newspaper:
   "50 DOLLARS REWARD RAN AWAY from the plantation of Gen. Andrew Jackson...in Franklin County (Ala.)...Gilbert, a negro man, about 35 or 40 years of age, very black and fleshy, with a full round face, has a scar on one of his cheeks, but not recollected which...JOHN COFFEE".
In 1827, after Gilbert escaped once again, he was recaptured. He was to be whipped publicly as a result but was killed while resisting.
   "In the course of being brought before the other slaves, Gilbert slipped the ropes that bound his hands. He tried to smash the overseer's head with a piece of wood, but, during the struggle, [overseer Ira] Walton succeeded in stabbing Gilbert with a knife several times, eventually cutting his throat. The wound to the throat was not immediately lethal, but he died shortly after the fight."
Jackson fired Walton after Gilbert's death, and had him prosecuted. Two Tennessee grand juries declined to indict Walton for either murder or manslaughter.
Gilbert's death was a political issue in the 1828 United States presidential election; Jackson's political opponents cited it as evidence of his cruelty.
# Jess McIntosh

Jess McIntosh is an American political strategist, commentator, and communication consultant.

## Early life and education

McIntosh is a daughter of Nana M. McIntosh, who worked for the New York City Department of Education. She was raised by her single mother and grew up in the boroughs of the city. Her father lives in Michigan.
McIntosh attended New York University from 2000 until 2004, graduating magna cum laude. She later earned a Master of Arts in English Language and Literature, also from NYU.

## Career

McIntosh is the former deputy communication director of EMILY's List, a political action committee that supports the election of pro-abortion rights female Democratic candidates for office. In May 2016 she joined the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign as director of communications outreach.
She also is the executive editor of Shareblue Media, an American liberal news outlet, and regularly co-hosts on Sirius XM Satellite Radio. She frequently appears on MSNBC, CBS, and CNN.
In 2004, McIntosh served as a policy advisor to Scott Stringer’s campaign for Manhattan Borough President. In 2005, she worked as a member of the communication team supporting Michael Bloomberg’s campaign for Mayor of New York City.
From 2007 to 2009 she worked on Al Franken’s campaign for the U.S. Senate as his press secretary and served as his chief press manager until 2010. She later served as the spokesperson for the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.
Later she spent six years as vice president of communications in Washington, D.C., for the political action committee EMILY’s List, which supports the election of pro-abortion rights female Democratic candidates to office.
From April until November 2016, she worked as director of communications outreach for Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign.
McIntosh has appeared as a political commentator ahead of the 2020 U.S. presidential election.

## Personal life

In May 2018, McIntosh penned an op-ed in Elle, accusing former New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman of forcibly kissing her multiple times while on a date. At the time, Schneiderman was serving in the New York State Senate. Schneiderman resigned soon after The New Yorker reported accounts of sexual misconduct from four additional women.
# Kafka's Trial

Proces Kafka (Kafka's Trial) is an opera by Poul Ruders to a libretto by Paul Bentley which premiered on March 12, 2005 at the Copenhagen Opera House in Denmark. It was commissioned by the opera house as the opening to their 2005 season. A Danish-language translation of the libretto was done by Karen Hoffmann.

## Plot

The plot and libretto were based on scenes from Kafka's unfinished 1925 novel The Trial, with additional letters from Kafka's own life telling his relationships with Felice Bauer and Grete Bloch.

## Reviews

The reception of Ruders' opera was incredibly praiseworthy according to public reviews. Eva White of Christian Daily (Kristeligt Dagblad) called the opera a "tough nut to crack" but praised Bentley and Ruders for their work, although calling the singer's Danish pronunciation "lousy." Anthony Tommasini of The New York Times called the performance, "a brilliant achievement: a grotesquely comic, bitterly satirical and, ultimately, deeply moving work that hooks you for two onrushing and uninterrupted hours." Andrew Clements of The Guardian was less praiseworthy, "Above all, it's a fine company showcase for the new theatre; the trouble is, there should be more to it than that."

## Roles

| Roles | Voice Part |
| Franz Kafka | Dramatic-lyric tenor |
| Felice Baur | Dramatic-lyric soprano |
| GW | Supernumerary |
| Greta Bloch | Dramatic-lyric mezzo |
| Three zanies | Supernumerary |
| Chorus | [mixed] |

## Recording

* Kafka's Trial Johnny van Hal, Gisela Stille, Marianne Rørholm & Gert Henning Jensen The Royal Danish Orchestra and Opera Choir, Thomas Søndergård 2CD
# Aspilapteryx tringipennella

Aspilapteryx tringipennella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe.
The wingspan is 10–13 mm. Forewings pale greyish ochreous to light ochreous-yellow; an ill-defined white costal streak from base to near apex; subcostal and median longitudinal rows of black dots, and sometimes two or three on fold. Hindwings grey.
There are two generations per year, with adults on wing in May and again in August.
The larvae feed on Plantago lanceolata and Plantago maritima. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# John Hart (Canadian politician)

John Hart (March 31, 1879 – April 7, 1957) was the 23rd premier of British Columbia, Canada, from December 9, 1941, to December 29, 1947.

## Biography

John Hart was born in Mohill, County Leitrim, Ireland, the son of an Irish farmer who was also named John Hart. He came to Victoria in 1898.
Hart worked in the finance industry and founded his own firm in 1909. In 1908, he married Harriet McKay. He entered politics in the 1916 election, elected to the provincial legislature as a Liberal member from Victoria City. He served as minister of finance from 1917 to 1924, and from 1933 to 1946. Hart retired from politics to attend to his business from 1924 to 1933. At various times, he also served as Minister of Industries (1922 to 1924 and 1933 to 1937), Minister of Lands (1944), Minister of Public Works (1942) and Minister of Railways (1942).
Hart became premier following the 1941 election when Pattullo's Liberals failed to win a majority. Unlike Pattullo, Hart was willing to form a coalition government with the Conservative Party. This allowed the Liberal-Conservative coalition to govern with a majority in order to block the socialist Cooperative Commonwealth Federation from forming the government.
From 1941 to 1945, Hart governed at a time of wartime scarcity, when all major government projects were postponed. Hart's coalition government was re-elected in the 1945 election by a decisive margin. In that contest, Liberals and Conservatives ran under the same banner for the first time in BC history.
After 1945, Hart undertook an ambitious program of rural electrification, hydroelectric and highway construction. Hart's most significant projects were the construction of Highway 97 to northern British Columbia (which is named in his honour) and the re-launch of the Bridge River Power Project, which was the first major hydroelectric development in British Columbia. He established the BC Power Commission, a forerunner of BC Hydro, to provide power to smaller communities that were not serviced by private utilities.
In December 1947, he retired as both finance minister and premier. Hart was named speaker for the assembly in 1948. He did not seek reelection in 1949 and returned to business.
Hart was one of the few BC premiers who left office neither defeated nor under a cloud. He died in Victoria in 1957, aged 78 years, having led a distinguished life of public service. He is interred in the Royal Oak Burial Park in Saanich.
The 405 km John Hart Highway between Prince George and Dawson Creek is named for him, as is the Hart Highlands neighbourhood of Prince George and the John Hart Dam (Hydroelectric) in Campbell River.
# The Moon over the River on a Spring Night

"The Moon over the River on a Spring Night" is a yuefu title originally created by Chen Shubao, the last emperor of the Chen dynasty. Emperor Chen's work did not survive, and the earliest extant works are two poems under the same title by Emperor Yang of Sui, both in the form of five-syllable jueju.
The most famous work under the title "The Moon over the River on a Spring Night" is a seven-syllable yuefu style long poem by Tang dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu. It is one of the only two poems by Zhang that preserve. The poem depicts the scenery of the moonlit riverside on a spring night, with elegant wording, a lofty rhythm, and a sophisticated undertone. This poem did not receive much attention during the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties. Since Li Panlong of the Ming dynasty included it in the Selected Tang Poems, its reputation has been greatly enhanced. Wang Kaiyun of the Qing dynasty praised it as "a unique piece, ultimately becoming a masterpiece". The influential 20th-century poet Wen Yiduo was especially enthusiastic in his praise, calling it "the poem of all poems, the summit of all summits."

## Music adaption

In the early 20th century during the Republic of China era, a traditional pipa piece "Xiao Gu in the Sunset" (夕阳箫鼓) was adapted into a duet for erhu and guzheng, and renamed "The Moon over the River on a Spring Night." Zhang Ruoxu's poem itself was once adapted into a Chinese orchestral music piece by conductor/composer Peng Xiuwen and was widely circulated. In the "Ritual Music" segment of the 2008 Beijing Olympics opening ceremony, performers sang the first two lines of the poem in the style of Kunqu opera: "In spring the river rises as high as the sea, and with the river's rise the moon uprises bright."

## Reception

The poem was first found in the Northern Song dynasty Music Bureau Poetry Collection (乐府诗集). It gained attention in literary circles starting from the Ming dynasty when Li Panlong included it in the Anthology of Tang Poems (唐诗选). Later, Tang Ruxun's Exegesis of Tang Poetry (唐诗解), Wang Fuzhi's Annotated Anthology of Tang Poetry (唐诗评选), and Shen Deqian's Selections of Tang Poetry (唐诗别裁) all included this poem. In the Qing dynasty, Wang Kaiyun elevated it to the status of "a one-of-a-kind piece, ultimately becoming a masterpiece," a review that has been adopted by later critics.
Wen Yiduo described it as: "Any comment or analysis on it is blasphemy... It is poetry within poetry, the peak of peaks." Wen held that this poem set the path for High Tang poetry, making it an "invaluable accomplishment". Wen observed a sense of infinity in the poem's depiction of natural scenes. Enthralled by the moonlight shed on the river, the poet transcended human sentimentality and delved into a contemplation of the ultimate reality of the cosmos.

## The verse

Below is the original verse with a translation by Xu Yuanchong:
# Sammie Cross

Osayuwu Samuel Osarumwense (born 30 March 1988), known by his stage name Sammie Cross, is a Nigerian singer.

## Biography

Cross was born 30 March 1988 and raised in Benin City. He received a Bachelor of Science in microbiology from Benson Idahosa University.
His genre of music cuts across Afropop, pop, Hip-Hop, Afrobeats, Nigerian Street music, and Nigerian Street pop. As a musician, he is signed with PM Records.
As of 2023, he lived in Lekki.

## Discography
### Selected singles

* Follow Me (2014)
* Take Alert (2016)

### Extended plays

* Cruise & Storm (2022)
# List of radio stations in Afghanistan

Radio broadcasting has been the most popular form of mass media in Afghanistan since 1925, which is mostly in Dari and Pashto languages. Afghanistan currently has over 205 AM, FM and shortwave radio stations. The following is an incomplete list of radio stations in Afghanistan:

## Arabic Radio

* Baba Radio FM 144.6
* Al-Ahlam Radio FM 178.5
* BBC World FM 199.2
* Radio Ahab Jerusalema FM 145.5
* Jameel Radio FM 148.5

## International localized

* Afghanistan International AM 999 / 7600
* All India Radio (AIR) in Pashto and Dari
* BBC World Service FM 89.0 in Pashto and Dari languages
* China Radio International in Pashto
* Deutsche Welle (DW) in Pashto and Dari
* IRIB World Service in Pashto and Dari
* Radio Azadi FM 100.5 in Kabul
* Radio Free Afghanistan (RFA) in Pashto and Dari
* Radio Ranginkaman in Persian and Dari
* Radio Saudi International in Pashto
* TRT World in Pashto and Dari
* Voice of America (VOA) in Pashto and Dari language
* Voice of Tajik in Dari

## National

* Ariana FM 93.5, commercial
* Arman FM 98.1, commercial
* Radio Afghanistan, public
* Salam Watandar FM 98.9, commercial
* Radio Asmayee 88.7 FM www.asmayeefm.com commercial

## Regional

* Radio Srood
* Saba Radio
* Radio Nawa FM 103.1
* Yawali Ghag Radio 94.4 FM Wardak
* Afghan Ghag FM 106.1
* Radio Cheenar FM 89.8 Khost
* Paktia Ghag Radio station FM 94.2
* De Paktia De Shezo ghag Radio FM 88.2
* Radio Youth FM 97.5
* Kabul Rock FM 108.0 in Kabul
* Radio Aryana FM 93.5 in Kabul
* Spogmai FM FM 102.2 in Kabul
* Radio kILID FM 87.5 in Kabul
* Radio Hamisha Bahar fm 90.6 Nangarhar province
* Radio FM 89.4 in Kabul
* Radio Shaher FM 95.5 in Kabul
* Radio Nakhter FM 90.7 in Assadabad, Kunar Province
* Radio Zala FM 89.2 in Kunar Province
* Radio Zala FM 92.1 In Nangarhar Province Jalalabad
* Radio Turkmen FM 92.9 in Jowzjan province
* Radio Helmand Medium Wave 6KW and 2.5KW FM transmission equipment
* Radio Watandar Upgrade to 2.5KW in Kabul
* Radio Maiwand 92.7
* Radio Mowj 105.5
* Radio Alim
* Radio Mojdah Herat 91.3
* Radio Baraan Harat
* Radio Watandar Harat 87.5
* Radio Maherr Mazar e Sharif
* Radio Waranga in Kandahar
* Radio Samoon Helmand
* Radio Safa 89.7 Nangarhar
* Radio Muska Helmand
* Radio Sharq Upgrade 91.3
* Radio Nargis 92.4
* Radio Zala Kunar with Three FM Repeater system
* Radio Muram Jalalabad 97.8
* Radio Abasin Jalalabad 91.8
* Radio NAN Jalalabad 99.9
* Radio Nary Kunar 89.2
* Radio Nuristan in Kalagush 89.00
* Radio NAN Khost 89.2
* Radio Zanat Logar
* Radio Dunya Parwan 105.5
* Radio Paiwastoon Urzgan
* Radio Enikass FM 97.1 in Jalalabad
* Radio Bost FM Helmand
* Radio Hamesha Bahar 90.6
* Radio TOLO Khorshid Parwan
* Radio Awashtoon Paktia 88.8
* Radio Talwasa Am 945
* Radio Kahkashan
* Radio Amaan GHAG jalalabad 96.9
* Radio Hamasa Qondoz
* Radio Omid Farda Takhar 91.5
* Radio Eslah Mazer e Sharif 104.3
* Radio Eslah poli khumri 104.3
* Radio Nan FM paktia
* Radio Ansar Herat 97.11
* Radio Zama Kandahar 89.1
* Radio Taroon Ghaag Urozgaan 88.5
* Pakhtoonistan FM Nangarhar
* Radio Gorbat (GRTV) 107,7 FM
* Radio Tanin 89.7FM
# Blastodacna atra

Blastodacna atra, the apple pith moth, is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is known from most of Europe and it has been introduced to North America.

## Description

The wingspan is 11–13 mm. The head is white. Forewings are narrow, dark fuscous; a broad white dorsal streak, sprinkled with dark fuscous from base to tornus, with broad triangular indentation at 2/5, including a black scale-tuft; from apex of this streak a slender whitish fascia to costa before apex, emitting a branch posteriorly in middle and sometimes one anteriorly below it; a black scale-tuft in disc before this. Hindwings are grey.
Adults are on wing from May to September in western Europe.
The larvae mine inside young shoots of apples (Malus species) and can be found by looking for small heaps of frass. Occasionally there may be a small swelling and the young shoot may die off.

## Distribution

The apple pith moth is found in most of Europe. It is an introduced species in North America, where it has been recorded from Massachusetts and Ontario.
# Backbone Fire

The Backbone Fire was a wildfire that started near Payson, Arizona on June 16, 2021. The fire burned 40,855 acres (16,533 ha) was fully contained on July 19, 2021.

## Events

The Backbone Fire was first reported on June 16, 2021, at 11:30 pm MST. The cause of the fire is believed to be due to lightning. On July 19, 2021, the Backbone Fire reached 100% containment.

## Impact
### Closures and evacuations

Fossil Creek Recreation Area was closed on June 17, 2021, due to wildfire danger. On June 19, 2021, the USDA Forest Service Coconino National Forest issued an Emergency Area Closure of areas around the Backbone Fire on the Coconino and Tonto National Forests. The Coconino National Forest was fully closed on June 23, 2021, due to fire danger, dry conditions, persistent wildfire activity, and limited availability of firefighting resources. The Coconino National Forest was reopened on July 6, 2021.
# Central Region, Uganda

The Central region is one of the four regions in the country of Uganda. As of Uganda's 2014 census, the region's population was 9,529,227. It is coterminous with the Kingdom of Buganda, one of the ancient African monarchies that are constitutionally recognised in Uganda.

## Districts

As of 2010, the Central region contains 24 districts:
| District | Population (Census 1991) | Population (Census 2002) | Population (Census 2014) | Map | Chief town |
| Buikwe | 250,511 | 329,858 | 422,771 | 82 | Buikwe |
| Bukomansimbi | 126,549 | 139,556 | 151,413 | 84 | Bukomansimbi |
| Butambala | 74,062 | 86,755 | 100,840 | 86 | Gombe |
| Buvuma | 18,482 | 42,483 | 89,890 | 87 | Kitamilo |
| Gomba | 119,550 | 133,264 | 159,922 | 89 | Kanoni |
| Kalangala | 16,371 | 34,766 | 54,293 | 27 | Kalangala |
| Kalungu | 152,028 | 160,684 | 183,232 | 90 | Kalungu |
| Kampala | 774,241 | 1,189,142 | 1,507,080 | 29 | Kampala |
| Kayunga | 236,177 | 294,613 | 368,062 | 36 | Kayunga |
| Kiboga | 98,153 | 108,897 | 148,218 | 38 | Kiboga |
| Kyankwanzi | 43,454 | 120,575 | 214,693 | 95 | Kyankwanzi |
| Luweero | 255,390 | 341,317 | 456,958 | 48 | Luweero |
| Lwengo | 212,554 | 242,252 | 274,953 | 99 | Lwengo |
| Lyantonde | 53,100 | 66,039 | 93,753 | 100 | Lyantonde |
| Masaka | 203,566 | 228,170 | 297,004 | 51 | Masaka |
| Mityana | 223,527 | 266,108 | 328,964 | 56 | Mityana |
| Mpigi | 157,368 | 187,771 | 250,548 | 59 | Mpigi |
| Mubende | 277,449 | 423,422 | 684,337 | 60 | Mubende |
| Mukono | 319,434 | 423,052 | 596,804 | 61 | Mukono |
| Nakaseke | 93,804 | 137,278 | 197,369 | 63 | Nakaseke |
| Nakasongola | 100,497 | 127,064 | 181,799 | 64 | Nakasongola |
| Rakai | 330,401 | 404,326 | 516,309 | 70 | Rakai |
| Sembabule | 144,039 | 180,045 | 252,597 | 72 | Sembabule |
| Wakiso | 562,887 | 907,988 | 1,997,418 | 76 | Wakiso |
| Total | 4,843,594 | 6,575,425 | 9,529,227 | - | Kampala |

## Economy
### Energy

The Central Region's main source of energy is hydroelectricity from the Nnalubaale Power Station in Njeru and the Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station on Lake Nnalubaale (Lake Victoria). Smaller thermal power plants operate in Buganda like the heavy fuel oil-fired Namanve Power Station in Namanve, Mukono District. Small solar power plants like the Kabulasoke Solar Power Station in Kabulasoke, Gomba District operate in Buganda.