OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daniel Ziblatt

Daniel Ziblatt (born 1972) is an American political scientist who has been Eaton Professor of the Science of Government at Harvard University since 2018.

## Education

Ziblatt holds a BA in German studies and politics from Pomona College and a PhD in political science from UC Berkeley.

## Research

In 2018 Ziblatt published How Democracies Die with fellow Harvard scholar Steven Levitsky. The book examines the conditions that can lead democracies to break down from within, rather than due to external events such as military coups or foreign invasions. How Democracies Die received widespread praise. It spent a number of weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list and six weeks on the non-fiction bestseller list of the German weekly Der Spiegel.
The book was recognized as one of the best nonfiction books of 2018 by The Washington Post, Time, and Foreign Affairs.

## Publications
### Books

* Tyranny of the Minority: Why American Democracy Reached the Breaking Point, with Steven Levitsky, (Crown, 2023, ISBN 978-0-593-44307-1)
* How Democracies Die, with Steven Levitsky, (Crown, 2018, ISBN 9780525574538) – NDR Kultur Sachbuchpreis 2018; Goldsmith Book Prize 2019
* Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, ISBN 9781107001626)
* Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006, ISBN 9780691121673)
# Yulestar (horse)

Yulestar (foaled 25 December 1994 – died 2019) was a New Zealand Standardbred racehorse, notable for winning the 2000 New Zealand Trotting Cup and the 2001 Inter Dominion Pacing Championship. He was awarded the title of New Zealand Harness Horse of the Year for the 2000/01 season.
Yulestar got his name because he was born on Christmas Day. He was bred by Mrs M V Law and bought for $9,000 by Lorraine and Ron Nolan, from Hawera, Taranaki.
Yulestar was trained by Lorraine Nolan and his win in the 2000 race meant she was the first woman to train a New Zealand Cup winner.
He was driven by Tony Shaw and then later by Peter Jones.
From 2003 to 2006 Yulestar raced in the United States and Canada, winning 13 races, trained by former New Zealander Brett Pelling. After his last race in 2006, he returned to Hawera and he died in 2019 aged 25.

## Notable races

Yulestar's career included:
* January 2000 - 1st in the A G Hunter Cup beating Happy Asset and Slug Of Jin
* November 2000 - 1st in the New Zealand Trotting Cup beating Bogan Fella and Kym's Girl. In this race he set a New Zealand record for the 3200m standing start of 3:59.1 beating the previous mark of 3:59.5 set by Chokin winning the 1993 Auckland Pacing Cup. Yulestar's record stood until Flashing Red bettered it in the 2007 New Zealand Cup with 3:57.8.
* May 2001 - 1st in the Inter Dominion Pacing Championship (Albion Park) beating Atitagain and Pocket Me as well as Courage Under Fire, Shakamaker and Holmes D G
* November 2002 - 1st in the New Zealand Free For All beating Young Rufus and Stars And Stripes. In this race he set a New Zealand record for the 2000m mobile when winning in 2:22.9 beating the previous mark of Iraklis (2:24.3 in 1996). The record was not broken until the 2007 New Zealand Free For All won by Waipawa Lad (2:22.0).
# British Army Training and Support Unit Belize

British Army Training Support Unit Belize (BATSUB), the successor of the former British Forces Belize, is the name given to the current British Army Garrison in Belize. The garrison is used primarily for jungle warfare training, with access to over 13,000 square kilometres (5,000 sq mi) of jungle terrain, provided by the government of Belize.
BATSUB is located near Belize International Airport, at Price Barracks, Ladyville.

## History
### British Forces Belize

Belize – formerly 'British Honduras' – gained its independence from Britain in September 1981. However, Britain retained a deterrent force – British Forces Belize – to protect Belize from the threat of invasion from Guatemala to the south, which did and still does, claim Belize to be its own.
The British Army Training Support Unit Belize (BATSUB), formed in 1994, is a successor to British Forces Belize, which was structured as such in 1989:
British Army Forces in Belize
* 1st Battalion, Welsh Guards, on six month roulement.
* 1 x Armoured Reconnaissance Troop, six month roulement.
* 1 x Field Battery, Royal Artillery, six month roulement.
* 1 x Field Squadron, Royal Engineers, six month roulement.
* Detachment 2 Postal & Courier Regiment Royal Engineers, FPO Belize, BFPO 12
* 24th Squadron, Royal Corps of Transport.
* 78th Ordnance Company, Royal Army Ordnance Corps.
* No. 25 Flight, Army Air Corps.
Royal Navy Forces – Belize:
* West Indies Guard Ship, as needed.
Royal Air Force – Belize:
* No. 1417 Flight RAF
* No. 1563 Flight RAF
* 1 Air Defence Flight, RAF Regiment, six month roulement.

### Recent

In 2010, the UK government announced it would mothball the facility as part of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review. However, in 2015, reports indicated that BATSUB was seeing "increased usage". In November 2015, the UK government announced it was re-establishing the facility as part of its 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review. According to some Belizean media reports, the British decision to re-establish BATSUB could have been linked to rising tensions between Belize and Guatemala.
Under the Integrated Review paper announced by the UK Government in March 2021, Belize is to become a 'land hub', and could have personnel deployed more regularly and for longer durations. The unit is currently commanded by a lieutenant colonel.
# Emma (2016 film)

Emma is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Martin Edralin and released in 2016. The film stars Hailey Kittle as Emma, a young girl coping with alopecia, who must learn how not to let herself be dragged down by what other people think.
The cast also includes Mandy May Cheetham, Justin LeRoy, Goldbloom Micomonaco and Madeleine Sims-Fewer.
The film premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival, and was later screened at the 2016 Vancouver International Film Festival.
It was subsequently named to TIFF's annual year-end Canada's Top Ten list for 2016.
# Rediffusion Singapore

Rediffusion Singapore (Chinese: 丽的呼声), started in 1949, was the first cable-transmitted radio station in Singapore. It was a Singapore subsidiary of the Broadcast Relay Services (Overseas) Ltd. It was also Singapore's only subscription radio service.
Rediffusion Singapore was once considered the "prime entertainment organisation". It was also known as "The Box", as its so-called devices were found in over 100,000 homes.
Due to declining subscription, it closed in 2012. On closure, a former Rediffusion Singapore deejay, Eva Chang Mei Hsiang, bought the radio station and in 2013 re-opened the radio station as an online radio station.

## History

Rediffusion Singapore was founded in 1949 as a result of the success encountered in radio broadcasting in Singapore, particularly in the post-World War II era. The cable radio service was seen as a remedy against poor reception which affected certain housing estates until then. Rediffusion Singapore was operated by Overseas Rediffusion, a subsidiary of the Rediffusion broadcasting business based in the United Kingdom, from the former's foundation until the late 1980s, when the British-owned Rediffusion conglomerate was broken up.
In October 1979, as part of the Speak Mandarin Campaign, Rediffusion began airing Mandarin lessons in Cantonese, Hokkien and Teochew, in collaboration with Nanyang Siang Pau and Sin Chew Jit Poh. Rediffusion had more than 500,000 listeners, most of them speak in Chinese dialects. Rediffusion would begin to gradually reduce programming in the Chinese dialects which were at 40% at the time the lessons were aired, previously at 80%.
In 1989, Rediffusion was sold from the local subsidiary of British Electric Traction to the British company Yorkshire Radio Network for the sum of $9 million. The new owner would help revitalise the station. On the same year, Rediffusion applied for a licence for "wireless broadcasting", but was rejected due to the lack of usable FM frequencies.
As an attempt to get rid of the old "matriarch" image of Rediffusion, its Mandarin programmes were refreshed in 1989 and began to cater to young Mandarin-speaking listeners.
As of 1990, Rediffusion Singapore had 60,000 subscribers and 209,000 listeners.
Responding to the increase of radio stations and competition, Rediffiusion's Silver channel became all-English channel in December 1990, targeting the non-working population, specifically the retirees and the handicapped. It took two years to plan for the change.
Since 2000, Rediffusion Singapore provided digital radio services in Singapore.
On 15 April 2005, the Media Development Authority issued a five-year licence to Rediffusion Singapore for a subscriber-only Digital Audio Broadcasting service, making it the world's first.
In September 2008, Rediffusion Singapore launched Redistar, a radio station playing local music.
Rediffusion went off-air on 30 April 2012 but it resumed broadcasting on 11 November 2013 using the internet to transmit their programs.
# Ivan Žgela

Ivan Žgela (born 24 January 1982) is a Croatian football midfielder, currently playing for German club TSV Röthenbach.

## Playing career

Žgela played in the Croatian First Football League with HNK Cibalia in 2001. During his tenure with Cibalia he participated in the 2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup. In 2006, he played in the Croatian Second Football League with NK Inter Zaprešić. He went abroad in 2007 to play with Grindavík in the 1. deild karla. The following season he returned to Croatia to have stints with Cibalia, and NK Novalja. In 2009, he went overseas to sign with Toronto Croatia in the Canadian Soccer League. Following a short stint in the Bangladesh Premier League with Farashganj SC he returned to Toronto for the 2010 season. In 2011, he returned to Europe in order to play in the Treća HNL with NK Bedem Ivankovo.
# Tax code (PAYE)

In the UK, every person paid under the PAYE scheme is allocated a tax code by HM Revenue and Customs. This is usually in the form of a number followed by a letter suffix, though other 'non-standard' codes are also used. This code describes to employers how much tax to deduct from an employee. The code is normally based provided to HMRC by the taxpayer or their employer.
Tax codes are usually adjusted once a year to take into account any changes made in the National Budget, but can be altered more often to reflect an employee's circumstances. Tax codes can be changed if someone has paid too much or too little tax the previous tax year, if an employee receives state benefits, or has non-PAYE income (for example, self-employed earnings). Changes in a tax code are to ensure the employee has paid the correct amount of tax by the end of each tax year.
Tax codes are passed between periods of employment by a P45, which is generated when a person leaves a job. If a P45 is mislaid or not supplied at the end of a period of employment, a P46 can be filled out in order to determine which tax code is applicable to a person. Between submitting a P46 and receiving the correct tax code from HM Revenue and Customs, an employer can apply the emergency tax code on a week 1 basis. In this case, tax will be calculated as if the employee is working in the first week of the tax year, and all previous earnings are ignored.
At the end of each tax year employers are required to send out a P60 which documents the total earnings and tax a person has paid within that tax year. However, this only applies if the employee was still in employment (or on the payroll) on 5. April (the last day of the tax year).

## Tax free Personal allowances

Tax codes followed by the letter L represent the size of tax free personal allowance on earnings. This is the total amount of money, per year, one can earn tax free. The number attached to them represents tax free earnings divided by 10. In the tax year 2021/2022 the standard tax free allowance on income was £12 570, which means the standard code, and the emergency tax code was 1257L. Until 2016, persons over 65 and 75 had an increased personal allowance.
Tax free Personal allowances can only be taken once across earnings. A second job or a job with a pension is taxed at a basic rate of 20%, or the tax allowance can be split across both sources of income.
Non-standard codes are used when usual tax free allowances do not apply. Where no allowances exist, code BR is used to tax at basic rate (20%), code D0 is used to tax at higher rate (40%) and code D1 is used to tax at the additional rate (45%). If no tax is to be collected, code NT is used.
If tax has to be collected on an income above PAYE earnings, a K code is used. This works as equivalent to a negative tax allowance. Alternatively, the employee may have a reduced personal allowance for the following tax year.
# HyTrust

HyTrust, an Entrust company, is an American company. It specialized in security, compliance and control software for the virtualization of information technology infrastructure. The company was founded in 2007 and is based in Mountain View, California. Entrust Corp. acquired it in January 2021.

## History

HyTrust was founded in 2009, partnered by VMware, Symantec, Cisco Systems, and Citrix Systems, and backed by $5.5 million funding from Trident Capital and Epic Ventures. It further raised $10.5 million from Granite Ventures and Cisco Systems in 2010. In summer 2013, the company raised $18.5 million in an oversubscribed C round with investments from Intel Capital, In-Q-Tel, Carahsoft, Fortinet, and previous investors. The website also mentions McAfee, Trend Micro, CA Technologies, RSA, and VCE.
HyTrust was founded by the company's president, Eric Chiu, vice president Renata Budko, vice president Boris Strongin, and engineer Boris Belov. Before HyTrust, both Chiu and Budko worked for Cemaphore Systems – a company specializing in disaster recovery for Microsoft Exchange. HyTrust's CEO and chairman is John De Santis – formerly vice president of Cloud Services at VMware and chairman and CEO of TriCipher, a software security infrastructure company.
In November 2013, HyTrust acquired HighCloud Security, a cloud encryption and management software provider. This acquisition added encryption and key management to HyTrust's products. In spring 2015, the company raised $33 million in Series D funding. In 2017, the company raised $36 million and acquired DataGravity, a security company. HyTrust was acquired by Entrust in January 2021.

## Products and services

HyTrust's products are based on the company's patented intelligent security control system for virtualized ecosystems.
HyTrust CloudControl is a VMware vSphere-compatible virtual appliance that sits between the virtual infrastructure and its administrators. Whenever an administrative request is submitted to the infrastructure, the appliance determines whether that request complies with the organization's security policies before permitting or denying it accordingly. By logging all requests, records are produced that can be used for regulatory compliance and auditing, troubleshooting, and forensic analysis.
The company also provides private cloud, logging, active directory, root access, two-factor authentication, VI segmentation, host hardening, multi-tenant policy enforcement, secondary approval services, encryption, and key management and advises organizations on how to manage their virtualized and cloud computing environments.
HyTrust partnered with Intel in 2014 to create HyTrust BoundaryControl. The technology lets companies set policies to control access to cloud and virtualized IT where data can be stored. BoundaryCountrol is designed to work with the Intel TXT technology.
The company released HyTrust DataControl 3.0 in 2015. The technology encrypts data on virtual machines while they are at rest and keeps the data secure until being used.
# Ludwig Peter Kowalski

Ludwig Peter Kowalski (1 August 1891 - 5 July 1967) was a German painter. He was an artistic companion and close friend of the Expressionist Otto Mueller, exhibiting alongside him from 1926 in the 1922 Group. He produced portraits, still lives, landscapes and cityscapes. His watercolours are particularly noteworthy and are held in collections such as the 20th Century Gallery in Berlin.
From 1947 until his death he focussed on works in glass, designing the window in the Sitzungssaal of Berlin's Bundeshaus, the five round windows in Berlin's Kaiser-Friedrich-Gedächtniskirche, the ground-glass wall in the Schillertheater's foyer, windows in the Berlin churches of St. Rita, the Herz-Jesu-Kirche, the Luisenkirche, St. Elisabeth and St. Ansgar, windows in the Wilhelm-Weskamm-Haus in Berlin and the coloured glass wall in the Deutschen Heimat des Ostens.

## Life

Born in Königshütte, Upper Silesia, he studied at the Academy for Art and Crafts in Breslau under Hans Poelzig. During the First World War he served in the army. He studied in Italy, which had a strong influence on his personality and art. From 1927 Kowalski returned to the Academy as head of the nude-drawing room then of the painting department (also officially known as the Studienabteilung). He was a member of the Künstlerbund Schlesien, and from 1928 of the Deutschen Künstlerbund. He was dismissed from his post by the Nazi regime in 1934, losing his artworks when he fled Breslau in 1945. He lived in Berlin from 1949 until his death there, creating stained-glass windows and other large-format glass artworks.

## Bibliography (in German)

* Cornelius Müller Hofstede: Monumentale Glasgemälde von Ludwig Peter Kowalski in Schlesien, 1940.
* Hugo Hartung: Schlesien (Zeitschrift), Jahrgang 12, 1967.
* Agnes Kern: Ludwig Peter Kowalski. Über eine widersprüchliche Künstlerkarriere zwischen Avantgarde, "deutschem Kunstschaffen" und Nachkriegsmoderne. In: Dagmar Schmengler u. a. (ed.s): Maler. Mentor. Magier. Otto Mueller und sein Netzwerk in Breslau, Heidelberg u. a.: Kehrer 2018. ISBN 978-3-86828-873-5, S. 168–177.
# Hubbardston Public Library

The Hubbardston Public Library is the public library of Hubbardston, Massachusetts. The library, located at 7 Main Street, serves the town by providing a wide variety of materials, services, and events. It offers Internet access and access to the CWMARS resource-sharing catalog.
The library is housed in one of Hubbardston's most architecturally significant buildings, an 1874 Second Empire/Italianate brick building that also houses the town offices. Construction of the building, and a significant portion of the library's early collection, were made possible through grants and gifts from Hubbardston native Jonas G. Clark, founder of Worcester's Clark University. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

## Architecture and building history

The library is located in the village center of Hubbardston, on the west side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 68), north of its junction with Brigham and Elm Streets. It is the most distinctive and architecturally elaborate building in the village, two stories in height, built out of red brick, with granite and white wooden trim, and a slate roof. The center bay of the front facade projects, and is capped by a steeply pitched multicolor slate roof; this was originally crowned with iron cresting, which has been removed. Ground-floor windows are set in rounded openings with stepped granite headers, while second-floor windows are set in segmented-arch openings with bracketed lintels. The central bay has the main entrance recessed in a round-arch opening, with paired round-arch openings on the second level. A gable projects below the main tower roof, above a stone panel in which the name of the building's donor and year of construction are carved.
Prior to the construction of this building, the town of Hubbardston had no buildings in public ownership; its town meetings were held in the local church. It was the town's only public building until the 1980s, when the police station was built. It was designed by Worcester architect Elbridge Boyden for the donor, Jonas G. Clark, and was built on what had been three house lots, acquired by Clark for the purpose. Clark was probably responsible for bringing in the materials, and the craftsmen that constructed the building, from outside the community, whose other masonry buildings of the period were much simpler.
Since its construction, the building has housed the town's library, town offices, and a community meeting space.
# John Palmer (Bath architect)

John Palmer (c. 1738 – 19 July 1817) was an English architect who worked on some of the notable buildings in the city of Bath, Somerset, UK. He succeeded Thomas Baldwin as City Architect in 1792. He died in Bath.

## Some works

* St James' Church, Bath, on Stall Street (1768–1769, demolished for the Marks & Spencer building)
* St James's Parade (1768)
* Cottles House, now Stonar School, Atworth, Wiltshire (1775)
* Church of St Swithin, Bath, The Paragon, Bath (1777–1780)
* Shockerwick House, Bathford, Somerset (1785)
* Lansdown Crescent, Bath, and the adjacent Lansdown Place West and Lansdown Place East (1789-1793)
* Cross Bath remodelled by Palmer after work by Thomas Baldwin (1789)
* Grand Pump Room, Bath, begun in 1789 by Thomas Baldwin who resigned in 1791; Palmer continued the scheme
* St George's Place (c.1790)
* Cumberland House, Norfolk Crescent, Bath (c. 1790–1800, continued by John Pinch after 1810)
* Park Street (1790-1793)
* 1-8, Bath Street (1791-1794)
* Nelson Place West, Bath (c. 1800–1820, continued by John Pinch after 1810)
* Stall Street, Bath (c. 1790–1800)
* St James's Square, Bath (1791–1794)
* St James's Street (1791)
* 6-9, Abbey Church Yard (1790s)
* Royal Mineral Water Hospital additions, Bath (1793)
* Kensington Chapel, London Road, Walcot, Bath (1794)
* Kensington Place, Bath, London Road, Walcot, Bath (1795)
* 10, Abbey Church Yard (c.1795)
* Christ Church, Bath (1798)
* Theatre Royal, Bath (1804–1805), designed by George Dance the Younger and erected by Palmer
* New Bond Street, Bath (1805–1807)
# Shunkichi Hamada

Shunkichi Hamada (浜田 駿吉, Hamada Shunkichi) (October 19, 1910 – December 7, 2009) was a Japanese field hockey player who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and 1936 Summer Olympics.
Hamada was born in what is now part of Minamiawaji, Hyōgo, Japan. In 1932, while a student at Keio University, he was selected to be a member of the Japanese field hockey team at the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics. He played two matches as goalkeeper. Thirteen goals were scored against him, but the team won the silver medal.
Four years later, Hamada was a member of the Japanese field hockey team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The team won two games and lost one in elimination round and did not advance. Hamada played all three matches as goalkeeper, during which eleven goals were scored against him.
Hamada died of heart failure in Shibuya, Tokyo on December 7, 2009, at the age of 99.