# Outline of Spain

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Spain:
Spain – sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, three exclaves in North Africa, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera that border Morocco, and the islands and peñones (rocks) of Alborán, Chafarinas, Alhucemas, and Perejil. Spain is a democracy organized in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a developed country with the 15th largest economy in the world. It is a member of the European Union, United Nations, NATO, OECD, WTO and many other international organizations.
Spain Population 2025: 49,077,984

## General reference

* Pronunciation:
** English /speɪn/
** Spanish:pronounced )
* Common English country name: Spain
* Official English country name: The Kingdom of Spain or Spain
* Common endonym: España
* Official endonym: Reino de España, España
* Adjectival: Spanish
* Demonym: Spaniard
* Etymology: Name of Spain
* International rankings of Spain
* ISO country codes: ES, ESP, 724
* ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:ES
* Internet country code top-level domain: .es
* International Direct Dialing uses the prefix +34. Then a first digit 9 or 8 indicates a fixed landline, 6 or 7 are for mobile cellphones

## Geography of Spain

Geography of Spain
* Spain is a:
** Country
*** Developed country
** Nation state
*** Sovereign state
*** Member State of the European Union
*** Member state of NATO
* Location:
** Northern Hemisphere, on the Prime Meridian
** Eurasia
*** Europe
**** Southern Europe
**** Western Europe
**** Iberian Peninsula – Spain occupies most of this peninsula, sharing it with Portugal
** Time zones:
*** Canary Islands – Western European Time (UTC+00), Western European Summer Time (UTC+01)
*** Rest of Spain – Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
** Extreme points of Spain
*** High: Teide on Tenerife 3,718 m (12,198 ft) - highest point in Canary Islands Mulhacén 3,479 m (11,414 ft) - highest point in continental Spain
*** Low: North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea 0 m
** Land boundaries: 1,918 km
       Portugal 1,214 km
       France 623 km
       Andorra 64 km
       Morocco 16 km
       Gibraltar 1 km, not recognized by Spain
   * Coastline: 4,964 km
* Population of Spain: 49,077,984 (January 2025) - 31th most populous country
* Area of Spain: 504,030 km$^2$
** Second largest country in Western Europe (behind France)
* Altitude:
** Average altitude: 650 m
** Rank: second highest country in Europe (behind Switzerland)
* Atlas of Spain

### Environment of Spain

* Geology of Spain
* Climate of Spain
* Renewable energy in Spain
* Environmental issues in Spain
** Biosphere reserves in Spain
** National parks of Spain
** Sites of Community Importance in Spain
* Wildlife of Spain
** Fauna of Spain
*** Birds of Spain
*** Mammals of Spain

#### Natural geographic features of Spain

* Beaches in Spain
* Glaciers of Spain
* Islands of Spain
* Lakes of Spain
* Mountains of Spain
** Volcanoes in Spain
* Rivers of Spain
** Waterfalls of Spain
* Valleys of Spain
* World Heritage Sites in Spain

### Regions of Spain
#### Ecological regions of Spain

List of ecoregions in Spain
* Ecoregions in Spain

#### Administrative divisions of Spain

Administrative divisions of Spain
* Autonomous communities of Spain
** Provinces of Spain
*** Municipalities of Spain

##### Autonomous communities of Spain

Autonomous communities of Spain – each has its own parliament and government
* By name
** Andalusia
** Aragon
** Principality of Asturias
** Balearic Islands
** Basque Country
** Canary Islands
** Cantabria
** Castile–La Mancha
** Castile and León
** Catalonia
** Extremadura
** Galicia
** La Rioja
** Community of Madrid
** Region of Murcia
** Chartered Community of Navarre
** Valencian Community
* By statistic
** Spanish autonomous communities by area
** Spanish autonomous communities by population

##### Autonomous cities of Spain

Autonomous cities of Spain – less autonomous than the autonomous communities, but with more autonomy than Spain's other cities
* Ceuta
* Melilla

##### Other territory

* Spanish exclaves:
** Ceuta
** Melilla
** Llívia
* Places of sovereignty near Morocco, consisting of:
** Islas Chafarinas
** Peñón de Alhucemas
** Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera
** Isla de Alborán
** Isla Perejil

##### Provinces of Spain

Provinces of Spain
* Spanish provinces by area
* Spanish provinces by coastline
* Spanish provinces by population
* Spanish provinces by name:
| Province name | Capital | Autonomous community | Lists of municipalities |
| A Coruña | A Coruña | Galicia | Municipalities |
| Álava/Araba | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Basque Country | Municipalities |
| Albacete | Albacete | Castile–La Mancha | Municipalities |
| Alicante/Alacant | Alicante/Alacant | Valencian Community | Municipalities |
| Almería | Almería | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| Asturias | Oviedo | Asturias | Municipalities |
| Ávila | Ávila | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Badajoz | Badajoz | Extremadura | Municipalities |
| Balearic Islands (Illes Balears/ Islas Baleares) | Palma | Balearic Islands | Municipalities |
| Barcelona | Barcelona | Catalonia | Municipalities |
| Bizkaia/Vizcaya | Bilbao/Bilbo | Basque Country | Municipalities |
| Burgos | Burgos | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Cáceres | Cáceres | Extremadura | Municipalities |
| Cádiz | Cádiz | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| Cantabria | Santander | Cantabria | Municipalities |
| Castellón/Castelló | Castellón de la Plana/Castelló de la Plana | Valencian Community | Municipalities |
| Ciudad Real | Ciudad Real | Castile–La Mancha | Municipalities |
| Córdoba | Córdoba | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| Cuenca | Cuenca | Castile–La Mancha | Municipalities |
| Girona | Girona | Catalonia | Municipalities |
| Granada | Granada | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| Guadalajara | Guadalajara | Castile–La Mancha | Municipalities |
| Gipuzkoa/Guipúzcoa | San Sebastián/Donostia | Basque Country | Municipalities |
| Huelva | Huelva | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| Huesca | Huesca | Aragon | Municipalities |
| Jaén | Jaén | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| La Rioja | Logroño | La Rioja | Municipalities |
| León | León | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Lleida | Lleida | Catalonia | Municipalities |
| Lugo | Lugo | Galicia | Municipalities |
| Madrid | Madrid | Community of Madrid | Municipalities |
| Málaga | Málaga | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| Murcia | Murcia | Region of Murcia | Municipalities |
| Navarra/Nafarroa | Pamplona/Iruña | Navarre | Municipalities |
| Ourense | Ourense | Galicia | Municipalities |
| Palencia | Palencia | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Las Palmas | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Canary Islands | Municipalities |
| Pontevedra | Pontevedra | Galicia | Municipalities |
| Salamanca | Salamanca | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Canary Islands | Municipalities |
| Segovia | Segovia | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Seville (Sevilla) | Seville (Sevilla) | Andalusia | Municipalities |
| Soria | Soria | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Tarragona | Tarragona | Catalonia | Municipalities |
| Teruel | Teruel | Aragon | Municipalities |
| Toledo | Toledo | Castile–La Mancha | Municipalities |
| Valencia/València | Valencia/València | Valencian Community | Municipalities |
| Valladolid | Valladolid | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Zamora | Zamora | Castile and León | Municipalities |
| Zaragoza | Zaragoza | Aragon | Municipalities |

##### Comarcas of Spain

Comarcas of Spain
* Comarcas of Aragon
* Comarcas of Asturias
* Comarques of Catalonia
* Comarques of the Valencian Community

##### Municipalities of Spain

Municipalities of Spain
* Capital of Spain: Madrid
* Metropolitan areas in Spain
* List of municipalities (cities) of Spain – Spain's approximately 8100 municipalities comprise the basic level of Spanish local government
** Autonomous cities of Spain
** Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities

### Demography of Spain

Demographics of Spain

## Government and politics of Spain

Politics of Spain
* Form of government: Constitutional monarchy
* Capital of Spain: Madrid
* Anarchism in Spain
* Elections in Spain
* Political parties in Spain
** Partido Popular or PP Mainstream Centre-Right associated with the main Employers Organization and clerics
** Partido Socialista Obrero Español mainstream social-democrats linked to Unión General de Trabajadores trade union and the Confederación Empresarial de Economia Social
** Podemos, a recently formed left-wing populist party
** Citizens (Ciudadanos, "Cs") a recently established liberal and unionist party
** Political parties in Catalonia
* Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
* Social Security in Spain
* Taxation in Spain
* Corruption in Spain

### Monarchy of Spain

Monarchy of Spain
* Head of state: King of Spain, Felipe VI
** List of heads of state of Spain
** List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown
*** List of titles and honours of Felipe VI of Spain
** Line of succession to the Spanish Throne
** Monarchs of Spain family tree
** Christmas Eve National Speech
** Coat of arms of the King of Spain
* Royal Household of Spain
** Spanish Royal Family
** Spanish royal sites
* Spanish nobility
* Annus horribilis
* Bourbon claim to the Spanish throne
* Caballerizo mayor
* Camarera mayor de Palacio
* Chamber of Peers (Spain)
* Crown of Aragon
* Descendants of Charles III of Spain
* Coat of arms of the Prince of Asturias
* Ancestry of Felipe VI of Spain
* Gentilhombres de cámara con ejercicio
* Imperator totius Hispaniae
* Ancestry of Juan Carlos I of Spain
* Kingdom of Gibraltar
* List of titles and honours of Leonor, Princess of Asturias
* Queen Letizia of Spain
* Line of succession to the Spanish throne
* List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain
* List of titles and honours of Queen Letizia of Spain
* Mayordomo mayor
* Mayordomos de semana
* Nóos case
* Patrimonio Nacional
* Royal descendants of John William Friso
* Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain
* Royal Standard of Spain
* List of titles and honours of Queen Sofía of Spain
* Sumiller de Corps

### Branches of the government of Spain

Government of Spain

#### Executive branch of the government of Spain

* Head of state: King of Spain, Felipe VI
** List of heads of state of Spain
* Head of government: Prime Minister of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno), Pedro Sánchez Pérez-Castejón
** List of prime ministers of Spain
** Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
** Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
* Cabinet of Spain (Council of Ministers)

#### Legislative branch of the government of Spain

* Parliament of Spain – bicameral legislature of Spain, consisting of:
** Upper house: Senate of Spain
** Lower house: Congress of Deputies (Spain)

#### Judicial branch of the government of Spain

Spanish judicial system
** General Council of the Judicial Power of Spain
** Constitutional Court of Spain
** Supreme Court of Spain

### Foreign relations of Spain

Foreign relations of Spain
* Diplomatic missions in Spain
* Diplomatic missions of Spain
* Centro Nacional de Inteligencia

#### International organization membership

The Kingdom of Spain is a member of:

### Law and order in Spain

Law of Spain
* Crime in Spain
** Terrorism in Spain
*** ETA
*** GRAPO
*** 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings
* Human rights in Spain
** Civil unions in Spain
** LGBT rights in Spain
*** Same-sex marriage in Spain
** Freedom of religion in Spain
* Law enforcement in Spain
* Laws of Spain
** Capital punishment in Spain
** Constitution of Spain
*** Spanish Political Reform Act 1977
*** Spanish Constitution of 1978
**** Amendments to the Spanish Constitution of 1978
** Historical Memory Law – recognizes the victims on both sides of the Spanish Civil War, gives rights to the victims and the descendants of victims of the Civil War and the subsequent dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, and formally condemns the Franco Regime
** Spanish referendum on the European Constitution

### Military of Spain

Military of Spain
* Command
** Commander-in-chief:
*** Ministry of Defence of Spain
* Forces
** Army of Spain
*** Tanks in the Spanish Army
** Navy of Spain
** Air Force of Spain
** Spanish Legion
** Special forces of Spain
* Military history of Spain
* Military ranks of Spain

### Local government in Spain

Local government in Spain
* List of Spanish regional governments
** List of Spanish regional legislatures

## History of Spain

History of Spain
* Timeline of Spanish history

### History of Spain by period

* Prehistoric Iberia
** Timeline of pre-Roman Iberian history
** Carthaginian Iberia
* Hispania
** Timeline of the history of Roman Hispania
* Spain in the Middle Ages
** Visigothic Kingdom
** al-Andalus
*** Umayyad conquest of Hispania
** Reconquista
* Habsburg Spain
** Spanish Inquisition
* Enlightenment Spain
* Mid-nineteenth century Spain
* Spanish confiscation
* First Spanish Republic
* Spain under the Restoration
* Second Spanish Republic
* Spanish Civil War
* Spain under Franco
* Modern Spain

### History of Spain by region
#### By autonomous community

* History of Andalusia
* History of Aragon
* History of Asturias
* History of the Balearic Islands
* History of Basque Country
* History of the Canary Islands
* History of Cantabria
* History of Castilla-La Mancha
* History of Castile and León
* History of Catalonia
* History of Extremadura
* History of Galicia
* History of La Rioja
* History of the Community of Madrid
* History of the Region of Murcia
* History of Navarre
* History of the Valencian Community

#### By city

* History of Madrid
* History of Barcelona
* History of Valencia
* History of Seville
* History of Zaragoza
* History of Málaga
* History of Murcia
* History of Palma
* History of Las Palmas
* History of Bilbao
* History of Alicante

### History of Spain by subject

* Chivalry in Spain
* Economic history of Spain
* Literature in Medieval Spain
* Military history of Spain
** List of Spanish wars
** Spanish knights orders
** List of ships of the line of Spain
** List of battleships of Spain
** Spanish aircraft carrier Príncipe de Asturias
** Spanish ship Juan Carlos I (L61)
** Spanish Armada
*** Spanish Armada in Ireland
* Religious history of Spain

## Culture of Spain

Culture of Spain
* Cuisine of Spain
** Paella
* Festivals in Spain
** Fiestas of International Tourist Interest of Spain
** Fiestas of National Tourist Interest of Spain
* Media in Spain
* National symbols of Spain
** Coat of arms of Spain
*** Coats of arms of the autonomous communities of Spain
** Flag of Spain
*** Flags of the autonomous communities of Spain
** National anthem of Spain (Marcha Real)
*** Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain
** National motto: Plus Ultra
* Prostitution in Spain
* Public holidays in Spain
* Records of Spain
* Scouting in Spain
* World Heritage Sites in Spain

### Art in Spain

Art in Spain
* Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain
* Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin
* Rock art of the Iberian Southern Tip
* Television in Spain
* Spanish Golden Age
* Spanish Baroque Painting
* Spanish Renaissance

#### Architecture of Spain

Architecture of Spain
* By location
** Architecture of Barcelona
** Architecture of Madrid
*** Romanesque churches in Madrid
** Architecture of Cantabria
* By period
** Spanish Romanesque
** Mudéjar style
** Spanish Gothic architecture
** Herrerian
** Spanish Renaissance architecture
** Plateresque
** Spanish Baroque
** Rococo in Spain
** Modernisme
* By type
** Castles in Spain
** Cathedrals in Spain
* Missing landmarks in Spain

#### Cinema of Spain

Cinema of Spain
* Spanish films
* Spanish directors
** Luis Buñuel – first Spanish director to achieve universal recognition
** Pedro Almodóvar – achieved universal recognition in the 1980s
** Segundo de Chomón
** Florián Rey
** Luis García Berlanga
** Juan Antonio Bardem
** Carlos Saura
** Julio Médem
** Alejandro Amenábar

#### Dance in Spain

* Jota
* Flamenco
* Sardana
* Sevillanas

#### Literature of Spain

Literature of Spain — Castilian (Spanish) literature
* By genre
** Spanish poetry
** Spanish comics
* By region
** Basque literature
** Catalan literature
* Galician literature

#### Music of Spain

Music of Spain
* By genre
** Spanish opera
** Spanish folk music
** Flamenco
** Catalan rumba
** Spanish rock
** Spanish hip hop
* By region
** Music of Andalusia
** Music of Aragon
** Music of the Balearic Islands
** Music of the Basque
** Music of the Canary Islands
** Music of Castile, Madrid and León
** Music of Catalonia
** Music of Extremadura
** Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias
** Music of Murcia
** Music of Navarre and La Rioja
** Music of Valencia
* Benidorm International Song Festival - Festivals
* Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest

#### Painting in Spain

* Spanish painters
** Alonso Cano
** Juan Carreño de Miranda
** Ramon Casas i Carbó
** Claudio Coello
** Salvador Dalí
** Mariano Fortuny
** Francisco Goya
** El Greco (born in Creta).
** Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
** Pablo Picasso
** José de Ribera
** Santiago Rusiñol
** Enrique Simonet
** Joaquín Sorolla
** Diego Velázquez
** Ignacio Zuloaga
** Francisco de Zurbarán

#### Sculpture in Spain

* Lady of Elche
* Lady of Baza

### Language in Spain

* Languages of Spain
** Spanish language
*** History of the Spanish language
*** Spanish dialects
** Aragonese
** Aranese (Occitan)
** Asturian
** Basque
** Catalan/Valencian
** Galician
** Leonese

### People of Spain

Spanish people (or People of Spain)
* Regional ethnic groups:
** Andalusian people
** Aragonese people
** Asturian people
** Balearic people
** Basque people
** Canarian people
** Cantabrian people
** Castilian people
** Catalan people
** Extremaduran people
** Galician people
** Leonese people
** Valencian people
* Other groups:
** Afro-Spanish
** Chinese people in Spain
** Jews in Spain
** Romani people in Spain

### Religion and belief systems in Spain

* Irreligion in Spain
* Religion in Spain
** Monasteries in Spain
** Religions in Spain
*** Bahá'í Faith in Spain
*** Christianity in Spain
**** Catholicism in Spain
**** Protestantism in Spain
*** Hinduism in Spain
*** Islam in Spain
**** Ahmadiyya in Spain
*** Judaism in Spain
*** Neopaganism in Spain
*** Odinist Community of Spain — Ásatrú

### Sports in Spain

Sports in Spain
* Football in Spain
** Football clubs in Spain
* Mind sports in Spain
** Chess in Spain
*** Spanish Chess Championship
* Spain at the Olympics

## Economy and infrastructure of Spain

Economy of Spain
* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2024): 15th (fifteenth)
* Agriculture in Spain
* Banking in Spain
** National Bank of Spain
* Companies of Spain
* Currency of Spain: Euro (see also: Euro topics)
** ISO 4217: EUR
** Royal Mint
*** Spanish euro coins
*** Spanish peseta
* Economic history of Spain
* Energy in Spain
** Energy policy of Spain
** Oil industry in Spain
* Health care in Spain
* Mining in Spain
* Social Security in Spain
* Spain Stock Exchange
* Tourism in Spain
* Water supply and sanitation in Spain

### Communications in Spain

Communications in Spain
* Internet in Spain
* Television stations in Spain
* Radio stations in Spain
* Spanish newspapers
* Postal codes in Spain

### Transport in Spain

Transport in Spain
* Air transport in Spain
** Airports in Spain
** EADS CASA – defunct aircraft manufacturer
* Rail transport in Spain
** Rapid transit in Spain
** List of town tramway systems in Spain
** History of rail transport in Spain
** AVE, Spanish High Speed
** Renfe, National Network of the Spanish Railways
*** Cercanías, commuter rail services
** FEVE, Narrow Gauge Railways
** Euskotren Trena
** Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
** Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana
** Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca
** Talgo – train manufacturer
* Road transport in Spain
** Roads in Spain (carreteras)
*** List of national roads in Spain (carreteras nacionales)
*** Highways in Spain (autopistas and autovías)
** Vehicle registration plates of Spain
** Road vehicle manufacturers
*** Car manufacturers
**** SEAT
*** Motorcycle manufacturers
**** Montesa Honda – Spanish subsidiary of Honda, manufactures motorcycles and bicycles
** History of road transport in Spain
*** Abadal automobile
*** Biscuter automobile
*** Bultaco – defunct motorcycle manufacturer
*** Hispano-Suiza – defunct car manufacturer
*** Pegaso – defunct car manufacturer

## Education in Spain

Education in Spain
* Spanish universities
** List of universities in Spain (organized by autonomous community)

## Health in Spain

* Healthcare in Spain
** Hospitals in Spain