OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Circuit bending

Circuit bending is the creative customization of the circuits within electronic devices such as children's toys and digital synthesizers to create new musical or visual instruments and sound generators. Circuit bending is manipulating a circuit to get an output that was not intended by the manufacturer.
Emphasizing spontaneity and randomness, the techniques of circuit bending have been commonly associated with noise music, though many more conventional contemporary musicians and musical groups have been known to experiment with "bent" instruments. Circuit bending usually involves dismantling the machine and adding components such as switches and potentiometers that alter the circuit.

## Experimental process

The process of circuit bending involves experimenting with inexpensive second-hand electronics that produce sounds, such as toys, keyboards, drum machines, and electronic learning products.

## Innovators

While Ghazala says that he was not the first circuit bender, he coined the term Circuit Bending in 1992.
Serge Tcherepnin, designer of the Serge modular synthesizers, discussed his early experiments in the 1950s, with the transistor radio, in which he found sensitive circuit points in those simple electronic devices and brought them out to "body contacts" on the plastic chassis. Prior to Mark's and Reed's experiments other pioneers also explored the body-contact idea, one of the earliest being Thaddeus Cahill (1897) whose telharmonium, it is reported, was also touch-sensitive.
Since 1984, Swiss duo Voice Crack created music by manipulating common electronic devices in a practice they termed "cracked everyday electronics".
# Jiang Weilie

Jiang Weilie (Chinese: 蒋伟烈; born November 1955) is a retired vice-admiral of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of China. He served as deputy commander of the PLAN from 2014 to 2017, and formerly served as commander of the South Sea Fleet.

## Biography

Jiang Weilie was born in November 1955 in Wujin, Jiangsu Province, and enlisted in the PLAN in 1975.
Jiang spent most of his career in the PLAN's East Sea Fleet. He was promoted to deputy commander of the Shanghai Naval Base in January 2003, before becoming vice president of the PLA Naval Command Academy in December 2003. He then served as deputy commander of the Zhoushan Base from June 2004 to August 2007, commander of the Lüshun Base from 2007 to 2008, chief of staff of the East Sea Fleet from 2008 to 2010, and director of the PLAN Armaments Department from February to November 2010.
In November 2010, Jiang was promoted to commander of the South Sea Fleet, and concurrently deputy commander of the Guangzhou Military Region. In December 2014, he was appointed deputy commander of the PLAN, replacing Xu Hongmeng, who had reached the mandatory retirement age. Shen Jinlong succeeded Jiang as commander of the South Sea Fleet.
Jiang attained the rank of rear admiral in July 2008 and vice-admiral (zhong jiang) in July 2012. He was an alternate member of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
# Spanish patrol boat Centinela

Centinela (P-72) is a Serviola-class patrol boat of the Spanish Navy built in 1990. It conducts maritime security operations in the Strait of Gibraltar and the Gulf of Guinea.

## Description

Centinela has a displacement of 1,200 tons. It is 68 m (223 ft) long, has a beam of 10 m (33 ft), and a draft of 3 m (9.8 ft). It is powered by two Bazán-MTU marine diesel engines which provide a total of roughly 4,000 horsepower. The ship's two variable-pitch propellers allow it to cruise at 9.1 knots, and have a maximum speed of 16.2 knots. The ship is also equipped with two cargo cranes, carries two 6.5-meter Valiant-class rigid hulled inflatable boats, and has enough provisions for a 25-day endurance.
Centinela's armament consists of a single 3-inch gun, two mounted 12.7mm Browning machine guns, and an MG-42 machine gun.
The crew of Centinela consists of 46 personnel, including eight officers, ten non-commissioned officers, and 28 seamen.

### Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Centinela consists of two crossed carbine rifles, flanked by castles connected by a chain. In its center is a Dracaena draco tree, endemic to the ship's first home port in Las Palmas, Canary Islands.

## Mission

Centinela is an oceanic patrol vessel that operates primarily in Spanish maritime sovereignty, especially within the country's exclusive economic zone. It was designed to operate in open ocean even in adverse weather conditions. The ship conducts surveillance and maritime security missions, such as reporting on suspicious activities, combating violations of maritime law, and maintaining national security. In addition to this role, Centinela also acts as a training ship for naval school Midshipmen, provides a Spanish naval presence in foreign ports, and participates in public affairs missions.

## History

Centinela was built in Ferrol by Navantia in 1990. The ship was launched in October of that year and began sea trials on 27 August 1991. Initially, her home port was in Las Palmas, Canary Islands; she received her battle ensign from the town council on 9 July 1995. In 2011, her home port moved to Ferrol, Galicia.
Centinela has been involved with numerous international training exercises, especially with coastal African countries. In 2010, the ship led flight deck training with ships from Senegal and the United States conducting maneuvering, firefighting, and replenishment on board Centinela. Sailors from Togo and Tanzania also participated in the training. In 2015, Centinela again conducted joint exercises with Senegal, this time in Dakar, focusing on knowledge sharing between Navy divers. On 10 October 2017, the ship joined French and African vessels in anti-piracy training as a part of the Grand African Navy Exercise for Maritime Operations.
In 2017, Centinela was involved in an incident on 4 July during which it was closely intercepted by HMS Sabre in British Gibraltar's territorial waters, which strobed lights and instructed the vessel to leave.
# Shelby Smith

Shelby Smith (August 8, 1927 – November 6, 2020) was an American Republican politician from the state of Kansas. He attended the University of Kansas and served in the United States Navy in World War II and the Korean War. He served as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from 1967 to 1975, then as the 39th Lieutenant Governor of Kansas from 1975 to 1979. In 1988, Governor Mike Hayden named Smith as his secretary of administration. Smith died on November 6, 2020.
# David Long (mandolin player)

David Long is a mandolin player from Nashville, Tennessee. He was born in the winter of 1975. Long has been described as a next generation musician with traditional sounds of bluegrass. Long's music career started in 1996. He plays Rural Country Blues, Old Time Bluegrass, and Early Black String Band. David’s style of playing was influenced by Curly Seckler. David has played with the Wildwood Valley Boys for about two years, and with Karl Shiflett and his Big Show. He famously used explicit language on the stage of the world famous Station Inn.

## Duet

In 2003, David and Mike Compton, a well known mandolin player and Grammy winner, worked as a duet. They met at Mohican Bluegrass Festival in Central Ohio in 1999. Both had an interest in string band music. In 2006, David and Mike recorded an album together titled Stomp. The album was recorded in San Francisco with the help of David Grisman, another mandolin player.

## Songs

* "Evening Prayer Blues"
* "Ashland Breakdown"
* "How You Want It Done"
* "Evening Prayers Blues"
* "January Nightmare"
* "Big Indian Blues"
# Student lounge

Student lounges are rooms located within schools, colleges and universities, designed to give students a space for relaxation and study.

## Design contest

The University of Texas held a contest to design its student lounges. The design of some student lounges have even won awards for the architects for their creations.

## Impact

A 2003 study on the success of female physics majors found that the existence of a well-maintained student lounge was a marker of high success rates. Several studies conducted regarding gossip patterns have chosen the student lounge as an excellent choice for an unregulated environment. It has been noted that distance-learning courses should strive to provide a similar environment for casual conversation.
# Olaus Laurentii

Olaus Laurentii (died 25 June 1438) was a Swedish ecclesiastic who served as the archbishop of Uppsala from 1432 to 1438.

## Biography

Olaus Laurentii (who is known under the Latin form of his Swedish name Olof Larsson) came from Uppland and studied at the universities of Prague, Leipzig and Paris. He was elected Dean of Uppsala Cathedral in 1417 and archbishop in 1432. He was ordained in Rome 18 May 1432.
In the conflict between king Eric of Pomerania, the ruler of the Kalmar Union countries, and the archbishop Johannes Gerechini in 1419, Olaus acted on behalf of the king and as a diplomatic envoy to Rome in the negotiations to get Johannes Gerechini deposed and the Vadstena monk Johannes Haquini elected and ordained (1422) as new archbishop. When he died in 1432, the chapter elected Olaus new archbishop. Olaus had spent long periods in the previous years in Rome and was in good standing with the pope, but the king preferred bishop Arnold of Bergen. After Arnold died, he was replaced by Torlav of Bergen. Olaus had been ordained by the pope already in 1432, but was accepted by the king only in 1435, during the rebellion of Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson. In 1436, Olaus and the Privy Council of Sweden, over which he presided, turned their back on the king and joined the rebellion.
Olaus Laurentii is said to have died from poisoning by almond milk, and according to a later source the regent (later king) Karl Knutsson (Bonde) was responsible.
In 1435, Olaus consecrated the new Uppsala Cathedral which had been under construction for two centuries.
# Toxic food environment

A food environment is the "physical presence of food that affects a person's diet, a person's proximity to food store locations, the distribution of food stores, food service, and any physical entity by which food may be obtained, or a connected system that allows access to food".
The term toxic food environment was coined by Kelly D. Brownell in his book, Food Fight: The Inside Story of the Food Industry which describes American culture at the end of the 20th century as one that fosters and promotes obesity and unprecedented food consumption. In the United States, the food environment the citizens are encompassed in makes it far too hard to choose healthy foods, and all too easy to choose unhealthy foods. Some call this food environment "'toxic' because of the way it corrodes healthy lifestyles and promotes obesity".
Brownell was a Yale professor and director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale. He is now director of the World Food Policy Center of the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University. He uses the term "toxic" to describe unparalleled exposure to high-calorie, high-fat, heavily marketed, inexpensive, and readily accessible foods. The toxic environment is the result of ubiquity of unhealthy, processed foods, an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in which individuals spend more time watching TV and using computers than they spend exercising, the explosion of fast food restaurants, the enormous growth of portion sizes, the power of food advertising and marketing, and the junk food industry's takeover of schools by selling unhealthy items in vending machines, cafeterias, and through school fundraisers.
A main contributor to the notion of a toxic food environment is the marketing of it. Finding an advertisement that promotes "toxic" is not a difficult task. The Federal Trade Commission found, in 2008, that the food industry spent almost $10 billion per year on marketing food and beverages, including $1.6 billion toward children.
Marketing for "toxic" food has infused the consumption of unhealthy, processed food into US culture. Brownell and many of his colleagues attribute the nation's obesity epidemic to the toxic environment. In 1995, the Institute of Medicine noted that the human gene pool has not undergone any real change over the past several decades when obesity has been on the rise. Therefore, the root of the obesity crisis must lie in the environment—the social and cultural forces that promote an over-abundance of food and eating, and a deficit of physical activity.
# Royal Arch

Royal Arch may refer to:
* Royal Arch, Dundee, erected in Dundee to commemorate a visit to the city by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1844
* A vault said to have been built underneath Solomon's Temple
* Royal Arch Route, a hiking trail to the Royal Arch natural bridge in Grand Canyon National Park
* Royal Arches, granite arches in Yosemite National Park
* In Freemasonry:
** The Holy Royal Arch, an appendant Masonic degree conferred in Great Britain, and much of Europe and the Commonwealth
** Royal Arch Masonry, the equivalent Royal Arch body as practiced as a part of the York Rite
# Jeff Myers

Jeff Myers (born August 11, 1977) is an American composer.

## Early life

Born and raised in Fremont, California, Myers attended San Jose University (earning a Bachelor of Music degree), the Eastman School of Music (earning a Master of Arts degree), and the University of Michigan (earning a Doctor of Musical Arts degree while studying composition under Pulitzer Prize and Grammy Award-winning composer and pianist William Bolcom and Grammy Award-winning composer Michael Daugherty).

## Career

In 2011, Grammy Award-winning violinist Hilary Hahn invited composers to submit pieces for inclusion on her album In 27 Pieces: The Hilary Hahn Encores Album. Out of over 400 submissions, Hahn chose Myers' piece The Angry Birds of Kauai to perform as the 27th and final track. The album was released in 2013.
Myers' work has been presented at such venues as Carnegie Hall, the Library of Congress, Walt Disney Concert Hall, Kimmel Center, Darmstadt, Het Muziekgebouw aan ‘t IJ, Bard College, the Institute for Advanced Study, and (Le) Poisson Rouge.
Noted collaborators and commissioners include the New York City Opera, Beth Morrison Projects, Orchestre national de Lorraine, the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra, the University of Michigan Symphonic Band, Transit, The JACK Quartet, the PRISM Quartet, pianist Ralph van Raat, pipa virtuoso Yang Jing, violinist Yuki Numata, hornist Laura Klock, tenor William Hite, librettist Royce Vavrek, and librettist Quincy Long.
# Westford Town Farm

Westford Town Farm is a historic poor farm in Westford, Massachusetts. Its main building is a 2+1⁄2 story brick building, five bays wide and six deep, that was built in 1837. It was twice enlarged, in c. 1840 and c. 1900. The enlargement consists of a wood-frame addition on the north side of the building; the 1900 addition was built to replace that from 1840, and stands on its foundation. It served as the focal point for the town's support of its indigent population until 1959, a later date than many similar facilities statewide remained open. Since its closing it has continued to house town facilities, including as police and fire stations, and most recently as school administrative offices.
The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
# Adérito Jaime Fernandes Kandambo

Adérito Jaime Fernandes Kandambo is an Angolan politician for UNITA and a member of the National Assembly of Angola.
# Calefactory

The calefactory (also warming house) was an important room or building in a medieval monastery in Western Europe. In the present day it is a communal place of recreation and fellowship in religious houses such as monasteries, priories, and convents.

## Monasteries in the Medieval and Middle Ages

In this period the calefactory had a communal fire kept ablaze so that the monks could warm themselves after long hours of study in the (unheated) cloister or other work. In the early Middle Ages, this was one of the few heated rooms in the monastery – the others being the infirmary, the guest house and the kitchen. This policy was generally relaxed, save for a few very strict orders, by the latter part of the medieval period when fireplaces became common throughout the claustral buildings.
The warming house was always one of the buildings surrounding the cloister and was entered from it. It was often located close to the refectory so that the warmth could be shared by the monks when they were eating. In many monasteries, an upper floor was built over the warming house that served as the muniment room, where the house's charters, deeds and other legal documents were kept safe from damp.

## Present Day

In the present day, monasteries, priories, convents and other religious houses often have a calefactory as a place where social gatherings or meetings, councils, or chapters are held. The uses for each will depend on the customary of each house.
# MNS Pebane

MNS Pebane is a patrol ship of the Conejera class [es] of the Mozambique Navy. Commissioned in 2013, she was formerly operated by the Spanish Navy.
# The Seven Mosques

The Seven Mosques (Arabic: المساجد السبعة, romanized: al-Masājid al-Sabʿa) is a complex of six small historic and often visited mosques in the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia. Despite only consisting of six mosques, the complex is called seven because some think it originally consisted of seven mosques. Another reason for the name is that many visitors usually visit Masjid Al-Qiblatayn among these mosques on their visit to Medina, making it seven. Some also consider Masjid al-Khandaq to be among one of those seven mosques.

## History

The mosques here are linked to the Battle of the Trench (Ghazwat al-Khandaq), also known as the Battle of the Confederates (Ghazwat al-Ahzab). Muslims defending Medina were in these mosques and each mosque is named after the person who was stationed there.
These mosques are located in south of Mount Sela which was the scene of the Battle of the Trench.

## Mosques in the complex
### Al-Fath Mosque

This is the largest mosque of all, and it is located beneath of Mount Sala' on the western part. It is narrated that this mosque is named as "Al-Fath" due to the account of the prophet praying here during the Battle of the Trench, and the battle ended in Muslim victory (in Arabic, "Fath" or "Fatah" means "conquest" in Islamic context). The mosque was built during the time of the Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz, and renovated by the minister Saifuddin Abu al-Hija in 1154 during the time of the Sharifate of Mecca.

### Salman Al-Farsi Mosque

Located 20 metres (66 ft) south of Al-Fath Mosque, named after Salman Al-Farsi who led the construction of trenches during the Battle of the Trench. The mosque is built during the time of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz, and renovated by the minister Saifuddin Abu al-Hija in 1154 during the time of the Sharifate of Mecca.

### Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq Mosque

It is located 15 metres (49 ft) southeast of Salman Al-Farsi Mosque. These three mosques (Al-Fath Mosque, Salman Al-Farsi Mosque and Abu Bakr As-Siddiq Mosque) were demolished and renovated into one mosque with wider space.

### Umar bin Khattab Mosque

It is located 10 metres (33 ft) south of Abu Bakar As-Siddiq Mosque. This mosque is situated on higher altitude, and its look is corresponding to Al-Fath Mosque, thus it is considered that they were built and renovated at the same time.

### Ali bin Abu Talib Mosque

Located in the south of Fathimah Az-Zahra Mosque on a small hill. This mosque is 8.5 metres (28 ft) long and 6.5 metres (21 ft) wide. It is narrated that Ali joined the Battle of the Trench here. Today, local government of Medina is renovating this mosque while maintaining the original shape, and building a large park surrounding it as a decoration of the small building.

### Fatimah Az-Zahra Mosque

It is a small mosque attached to the others, with area of 4 by 3 metres (13.1 by 9.8 ft). This mosque was built in the Ottoman period of the Hejaz Vilayet during the reign of Sultan Abdulmejid I.
# XHE-FM

XHE-FM/XEE-AM is an FM-AM combo radio station that serves the state of Durango, Mexico, with Radio Fórmula programming.

## History

XEE is the oldest radio station in Durango. It received its concession on November 24, 1933, but did not come to air until June 27, 1934. XEE broadcast from the residence of its first owner, Alejandro O. Stevenson, with 50 watts on 1010 kHz. The station's opening featured Lázaro Cárdenas, then running for president, as well as Governor Carlos Real and the local military commander, Anacleto López. By the 1940s, XEE had expanded its programming and was operating on a new frequency, 1280; in 1943, Stevenson had transferred the station to José G. Valenzuela. In 1961, Alicia Stevenson Torrijos bought XEE, moving it to 590 and increasing its daytime power to 1,000 watts.
In the 80s it was known as "Radio Cancionero", in the 90s it joined ACIR and was known as "Radio Festival", and it was one of the first stations in COMBO with ACIR's "MIX FM" format. . It was later sold and is known as "La XE" belonging to Grupo Garza Limón.
In 1993, XEE was sold to Radio XEE, S.A. de C.V., which in 1994 converted the station into a combo by receiving authorization to build XHE-FM 105.3. Radio Fórmula acquired XEE-XHE in 2000.
# Sida fallax

Sida fallax, known as yellow ilima or golden mallow, is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the Hibiscus family, Malvaceae, indigenous to the Hawaiian Archipelago and other Pacific Islands. Plants may be erect or prostrate and are found in drier areas in sandy soils, often near the ocean. ʻIlima is the symbol of Laloimehani and is the flower for the islands of Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, and Abemama, Kiribati.
It is known as ʻilima or ʻāpiki in Hawaiian and as kio in Marshallese, te kaura in Kiribati, idibin ekaura in Nauruan, and akatā in Tuvalu.
In Hawaiian religion, the ʻilima flowers are associated with Laka, the goddess of the hula, and the plant's prostrate form with Pele's brother, Kane-ʻapua, the god of taro planters. Lei made from ʻilima were believed to attract mischievous spirits (thus its alternative name, ʻāpiki), although some considered them to be lucky.

## Description

The flowers are small, 0.75–1 in (1.9–2.5 cm) in diameter; have five petals; and range from golden yellow to orange in color.
ʻIlima grows from 6 inches (150 mm) to 10 feet (3.0 m) tall in prostrate (beach growing) and erect (upland shrub) forms. Lowland ʻilima, known as ʻilima papa, has silver-green foliage; mountain varieties have smooth, green foliage. Leaves can be long and narrow or rounded or heart-shaped with finely to coarsely serrated leaf margins. Flowers may be solitary or occur in small clusters.

## Uses

Native Hawaiians used ʻilima flowers to make lei, and it is possibly the only plant cultivated specifically for lei-making in ancient Hawaiʻi. About 1,000 ʻilima blossoms are needed to make one strand of a lei. ʻIlima is now planted as a commercial crop for flowers and garlands in Hawaiʻi and Kiribati; where it was once seen as only for use in lei for royalty, but it now can be worn by anyone.
The flowers are sometimes also used as a food garnish, and flowers and tender meristems are sometimes used to scent coconut oil in Nauru. The stems are used in weaving rough baskets, floor coverings, and in house thatching. The bushes are used to help prepare swamp taro beds in Hawaiʻi, and dried leaves and flowers are used as fertilizer, mulch, and sometimes compost in Kiribati. S. fallax is sometimes used as a groundcover in tropical areas.
Traditionally, ʻilima was used medicinally to ease pregnancy and as a mild laxative. The flowers were used in magic, particularly love magic; for example, in Kiribati S. fallax flowers were mixed with coconut milk and bark from Premna serratifolia trees to promote true love.