OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Potassium tert-butoxide

Potassium tert-butoxide (or potassium t-butoxide) is a chemical compound with the formula [(CH$_3$)$_3$COK]$_n$ (abbr. KOtBu). This colourless solid is a strong base (pKa of conjugate acid around 17), which is useful in organic synthesis. The compound is often depicted as a salt, and it often behaves as such, but its ionization depends on the solvent.

## Preparation

Potassium t-butoxide is commercially available as a solution and as a solid, but it is often generated in situ for laboratory use because samples are so moisture-sensitive and older samples are often of low purity. It is prepared by the reaction of dry tert-butyl alcohol with potassium metal. The solid is obtained by evaporating these solutions followed by heating the solid. The solid can be purified by sublimation.

## Structure

It crystallizes as a tetrameric cubane-type cluster. It crystallises from tetrahydrofuran/pentane at −20°C as [tBuOK·tBuOH]$_∞$, which consists of straight chains linked by hydrogen bonding. Sublimation of [tBuOK·tBuOH]$_∞$ affords the tetramer [tBuOK]$_4$, which adopts a cubane-like structure. Mild Lewis basic solvents such as THF and diethyl ether do not break up the tetrameric structure, which persists in the solid, in solution and even in the gas phase.

## Reactions
### As a base

Many modifications have been reported that influence the reactivity of this reagent. The compound adopts a complex cluster structure (the adjacent picture is a simplified cartoon), and additives that modify the cluster affect the reactivity of the reagent. For example, DMF, DMSO, hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), and 18-crown-6 interact with the potassium center, yielding solvent separated ion pairs such as K(DMSO)$_x$$^+$ and tert-BuO$^−$. Whereas in benzene, on the other hand, the compound remains as a cluster structure, which is less basic. Even in polar solvents, it is not as strong as amide bases, e.g., lithium diisopropylamide, but stronger than potassium hydroxide. Its steric bulk inhibits the group from participating in nucleophilic addition, such as in a Williamson ether synthesis or related S$_N$2 reactions.
Substrates that are deprotonated by potassium t-butoxide include terminal acetylenes and active methylene compounds. It is useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions. Illustrating the latter behavior, potassium tert-butoxide reacts with chloroform yielding dichlorocarbene, which is useful for dichlorocyclopropanations. Potassium tert-butoxide can abstract a beta-proton from alkylammonium cations, leading to the Hofmann product via an elimination reaction.

### Other reactions

Potassium tert-butoxide catalyzes the reaction of hydrosilanes and heterocyclic compounds to give the silyl derivatives, with release of H$_2$.

## Safety

Potassium tert-butoxide is a very strong base that rapidly attacks living tissue.
Potassium tert-butoxide forms explosive mixtures when treated with dichloromethane.

## Related compounds

* Sodium tert-butoxide
* Lithium tert-butoxide
# 2023 Antalya Challenger

The 2023 Antalya Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Antalya, Turkey between 6 and 12 March 2023.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUT | Sebastian Ofner | 158 | 1 |
| HUN | Fábián Marozsán | 161 | 2 |
| ITA | Flavio Cobolli | 166 | 3 |
| CZE | Vít Kopřiva | 168 | 4 |
| CZE | Zdeněk Kolář | 174 | 5 |
| BIH | Damir Džumhur | 206 | 6 |
| AUS | Li Tu | 209 | 7 |
| ROU | Nicholas David Ionel | 222 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 27 February 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Yankı Erel
* Vilius Gaubas
* Ergi Kırkın
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Mirza Bašić
* Salvatore Caruso
* Mathys Erhard
* Gianmarco Ferrari
* Gerald Melzer
* Stefano Travaglia
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Lukas Neumayer

## Champions
### Singles

* Fábián Marozsán def. Sebastian Ofner 7–5, 6–0.

### Doubles

* Filip Bergevi / Petros Tsitsipas def. Sarp Ağabigün / Ergi Kırkın 6–2, 6–4.
# Happy Holidays (disambiguation)

"Happy holidays" is a spoken or written greeting commonly used in North America during or before the Christmas and holiday season.
Happy Holidays or Happy Holiday may also refer to:

## Music
### Albums and EPs

* Happy Holiday (Jo Stafford album), 1955
** Happy Holidays: I Love the Winter Weather, a 1999 compilation album by Jo Stafford
* Happy Holiday (EP), by Marcella Detroit, 2011
* Happy Holidays (Billy Idol album), 2006
* Happy Holidays (Magnus Carlsson album), 2014
* Happy Holidays from Drive-Thru Records, a compilation album, 2004

### Songs

* "Happy Holiday" (song), a 1942 song written by Irving Berlin
* "Happy Holiday", a track on the 2006 album Happy Holidays by Billy Idol
* "Happy Holiday", a track on the 2008 album We Stand United by beFour

## Other uses

* Happy Holidays (film), a 2024 film by Scandar Copti
* Happy Holidays (TV series), a British television mini-series
* Happy Holiday, a 1954 musical version of the play The Ghost Train
* "Happy Holiday" (Ghosts), a 2022 television episode
* "Chag sameach", a Jewish greeting meaning "Happy holiday"
# Dangerous and offensive trades

Dangerous and offensive trades or offensive trades, describes certain business activities that deal with processing dead animals or that generate unpleasant smells in nations and jurisdictions that include India and some former British possessions.

## Definition

The Oxford Dictionary of Public Health defines offensive trades as
   An official designation used in some countries to describe an industry or trade that damages the health and/or economic interests of significant numbers of people in the neighborhood or environment of that industry. The term is usually applied to an industry that produces unpleasant odors, such as a tannery or rendering plant, which in many jurisdictions is subject to public health regulations dealing with abatement of nuisances.
Such offensive industries can encompass a variety of commercial activities, but mainly involve the handling of animal carcasses and hides. Their regulation is aimed at public health, addressing risks such as physical risk of injury or death, chemical risks from natural or synthetic substances used, or biological risk from pathogens and vermin.

## History

The regulation of offensive trades dates back at least to the Sanitary movement in the mid-1800's and the passage of the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts which regulated certain trades in cities in the United Kingdom as part of an effort to address the problem of cholera.

## Individual Countries
### Barbados

In Barbados, the following are considered offensive trades:
* Blood or offal boiling
* Bone boiling or crushing
* Chemical or acid making
* Fellmongering
* Glue making
* Gut spinning
* Gut scraping
* Manure manufacturing
* Slaughtering
* Soap boiling
* Tallow melting
* Tanning

### India

They are classified under the Municipalities of India by an Act passed by the Legislature of India requires licensing and this also serve as a source of income for the states and municipalities. The trades practiced by the traders are called as "D & O Traders".
# Wadham Locke

Wadham Locke (1779–1835) was an English banker and politician.

## Life

Locke was born at Brownston House, Devizes, Wiltshire, the only son of Wadham Locke II and his wife Anne Sutton, daughter of James Sutton. He was High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1804. In 1805 he purchased Rowdeford House and estate, two miles northwest of Devizes, from Thomas Wyatt.
Locke was an MP for Devizes in 1832; he first stood for Devizes in 1818 as a reformer, at which time the constituency had not been contested since 1765.

## Family

Locke married in 1802 Anna Maria Selina Powell, sister of Alexander Powell, MP for Downton.
* The eldest son Wadham Locke married first, in 1828, Caroline Mary Thompson, daughter of Henry Thompson of Yorkshire, who died in 1842. He married secondly, in 1844, Albinia Dalton, daughter of John Dalton of Steningford Park.
* The second son Francis Alexander Sydenham Locke married in 1835 Katherine Harriet Fellowes, eldest daughter of Thomas Fellowes R.N.
* The fourth son John Locke married in 1839 Frances Augusta Wayne, daughter of Thomas Moore Wayne. He joined the East India Company as a civil servant in Bengal, and later lived at Chicklade House in Wiltshire.
The Lockes had six daughters. The youngest in the family was Frances Isabella, known as the diarist Fanny Duberly, who married in 1850 Henry Duberly (1822–1891). The eldest daughter, Anna Maria Selina, married George Purefoy-Jervoise. After his death, she married in 1848 Francis Marx. The other daughters were:
* Elizabeth Sarah, died 1833
* Anne, married 1838 the Rev. Henry Paddon
* Louisa, married William Lawrence Colquhoun, and secondly James Dunlop of Glasgow
* Katharine Powell, married George Duberly, colonel of the 77th Regiment.
# Woman in the Garden

Woman in the Garden (French: Femme au jardin) (or Jeanne-Marguerite Lecadre in the Garden) is a painting begun in 1866 by Claude Monet when he was a young man of 26. The work was executed en plein air in oil on canvas with a relatively large size of 82 by 101 cm. and currently belongs in the collection of the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg, Russia.
The woman in the painting is Jeanne-Marguerite Lecadre, the young wife of his well-to-do cousin Paul-Eugene Lecadre. The Lecadres lived at Le Havre and had a country house, Le Coteau, in nearby Sainte-Adresse, in the garden of which the painting was made during a short visit. X-ray analysis has revealed that it was actually painted over a previous picture.
The style of the painting is quite composed and detailed, unlike the typically impressionist works for which Monet was later acclaimed. Three principal objects, Jeanne-Marguerite, the central flowering rose bush in the bed of bright red flowers and the flowering bush on the right provide an ordered structure and Jeanne-Marguerite's bright white dress contrasts vividly with the reds, pinks and greens of the garden plants and trees. The subject matter foreshadowed Monet's lifelong passion for painting flowers and gardens in a natural setting.
# Panam Percy Paul

Bakulipanam Percy Paul Mokungah, widely known by his stage name Panam Percy Paul, is a Nigerian gospel singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist whose musical career spans 40 years. He was born to major Paul Harley, an officer in the Nigerian Army, and composer Paulina Paul Mokungah in 1958. Paul's kind of music is praise and worship styled in the feel of country music and African high life.

## Musical career

Panam Percy Paul started his musical career at age twenty while he was still in school as an undergraduate at Kaduna Polytechnic. He worked at Radio ELWA Christian Communications as a production supervisor and engineer.

## Personal life

Panam Percy Paul is from Adamawa State Nigeria. Paul married his wife, Tina, in 1981. Together, they have four children.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Event | Prize | Result | Ref |
| 1992 | FAME Gospel Music Award | Artist of the Year | Nominated | |
| 1992 | FAME Gospel Music Award | Best Producer of the Year | Nominated | |
| 1992 | FAME Gospel Music Award | Best Vocalist of the Year | Won | |
| 1995 | BMI Music Award | Artist of the Year | Won | |
| 1996 | Adamawa State Excellence | — | Won | |
| 2014 | Crystal Awards | — | Crystal Lifetime Achievement Award | Won |
| 2018 | Who is Who Awards | Award of Excellence in Music | Recognized Impact Maker on the Plateau | Won |

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Beautiful People (1976)
* Oh Ye Gates (1978)
* Don`t You Cry (1980)
* Bring Down the Glory 1 (1984)
* Panam Percy Paul and Friends (1987)
* Bring Down the Glory 2: God of War (1989)
* At This Christmas with Panam Percy Paul (1991)
* Bring Down The Glory 3: Higher Than High (1993)
* Master of the Universe (1995)
* Bring Down the Glory 4: Deep Intimacy (2003)
* Cheer up (2007)
* Destiny (2009)
* Return
* Bring Down Your Glory 5: Throne Of Grace (2013)

### Other works

Apart from music, Panam has written a book titled “Bring Down the Glory”, named after his album. He also has a college called the “Panam College of Music Ministry” in Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria. His record label Panam Music World serves as an organization to assist the education of musicians.
# Specialized Stumpjumper

The Specialized Stumpjumper is a mountain bike produced by Specialized Bicycle Components. When it was first produced in 1981, the Stumpjumper was the first mass-production mountain bike. The Stumpjumper is still in production, although its design has changed significantly since it was first sold. Stumpjumpers have been raced professionally by riders including Christoph Sauser and Ned Overend.

## History

Specialized started to produce the Stumpjumper in 1981, making it the first mass-production mountain bike. The first Stumpjumper was produced in Japan and was based on a design for a custom-made bike originally marketed by Tom Ritchey, Gary Fisher and Charlie Kelly. Specialized's founder Mike Sinyard has explained that the company's aim was to "make a bike on a production basis but as though it was a custom bike". The first Stumpjumpers had welded steel frames because the lugged and brazed frames that designer Tim Neenan wanted to use were not available at the time. The original bike had a modified BMX stem and handlebars based on Magura motorcycle handlebars. The bike was equipped with 15-speed Suntour ARX GT gears, originally designed for use on road bikes, and the Stumpjumper also featured Mafac cantilever brakes and a TA Cyclotourist chainset, both designed for touring bikes. It had no suspension. The bike weighed just under 30 pounds (14 kg).
After the first production run in 1981, around 500 were imported to the United States over the course of the next year. The original Stumpjumper was sold for US$750 as a complete bike or $395 for the frame only. Specialized marketed it as an affordable and versatile bike for a new sport, namely mountain biking, and used the slogan "The bike for all reasons". Initially, bike retailers were skeptical about the Stumpjumper, with some asking Sinyard what he was doing with a "big kids' BMX". However, the first shipment of 125 bikes sold out in six days. According to sports journalist Ben Hewitt, the Stumpjumper "was a resounding success" and its introduction contributed to the rapid rise in popularity of the new sport.
An original Stumpjumper is displayed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. A limited edition reproduction of the original Stumpjumper, featuring modern components and named the Stumpjumper Classic, was produced in 2007 to mark the bike's 25th anniversary. It was available for US$1,300.

## Present day

Specialized continue to produce the Stumpjumper, which, like mountain bikes in general, has evolved significantly since 1981 and seen iterations in full (front and rear) suspension and hardtail (front suspension only) options, with the former named the Stumpjumper FSR until the Stumpjumper line-up became full-suspension only.

## Use by professional riders

Professional mountain bikers who ride Stumpjumpers include Christoph Sauser and Ned Overend. Overend won the 1990 Mountain Bike World Championships – the first ever event of its kind – on a carbon-fiber prototype Stumpjumper.
# The Association of Art and Antique Dealers

The Association of Art and Antique Dealers (also known as LAPADA, for its former name: London and Provincial Antique Dealers Association) is the largest UK trade association of art and antiques dealers.
# 2004–05 Midland Football Alliance

The 2004–05 Midland Football Alliance season was the eleventh in the history of Midland Football Alliance, a football competition in England.

## Clubs and league table

The league featured 19 clubs from the previous season, along with three new clubs:
* Loughborough Dynamo, promoted from the Leicestershire Senior League
* Malvern Town, promoted from the West Midlands (Regional) League
* Romulus, promoted from the Midland Football Combination

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Rushall Olympic | 42 | 27 | 7 | 8 | 88 | 44 | +44 | 88 | Promoted to the Southern Football League |
| 2 | Chasetown | 42 | 25 | 6 | 11 | 78 | 45 | +33 | 81 | |
| 3 | Coalville Town | 42 | 22 | 11 | 9 | 68 | 38 | +30 | 77 | |
| 4 | Quorn | 42 | 21 | 11 | 10 | 78 | 52 | +26 | 74 | |
| 5 | Malvern Town | 42 | 21 | 9 | 12 | 78 | 70 | +8 | 72 | |
| 6 | Westfields | 42 | 18 | 13 | 11 | 61 | 48 | +13 | 67 | |
| 7 | Oadby Town | 42 | 18 | 11 | 13 | 64 | 53 | +11 | 65 | |
| 8 | Stourbridge | 42 | 19 | 7 | 16 | 85 | 65 | +20 | 64 | |
| 9 | Racing Club Warwick | 42 | 19 | 7 | 16 | 79 | 68 | +11 | 64 | |
| 10 | Boldmere St. Michaels | 42 | 19 | 7 | 16 | 79 | 70 | +9 | 64 | |
| 11 | Stratford Town | 42 | 20 | 4 | 18 | 71 | 67 | +4 | 64 | |
| 12 | Romulus | 42 | 17 | 11 | 14 | 74 | 66 | +8 | 62 | |
| 13 | Barwell | 42 | 17 | 10 | 15 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 61 | |
| 14 | Loughborough Dynamo | 42 | 16 | 6 | 20 | 69 | 83 | −14 | 54 | |
| 15 | Alvechurch | 42 | 16 | 5 | 21 | 75 | 69 | +6 | 53 | |
| 16 | Causeway United | 42 | 12 | 9 | 21 | 53 | 68 | −15 | 45 | |
| 17 | Oldbury United | 42 | 13 | 8 | 21 | 70 | 90 | −20 | 44 | |
| 18 | Studley | 42 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 55 | 76 | −21 | 44 | |
| 19 | Cradley Town | 42 | 12 | 7 | 23 | 59 | 84 | −25 | 43 | |
| 20 | Biddulph Victoria | 42 | 10 | 11 | 21 | 59 | 83 | −24 | 41 | |
| 21 | Ludlow Town | 42 | 12 | 5 | 25 | 55 | 84 | −29 | 41 | Relegated to the West Midlands (Regional) League |
| 22 | Bridgnorth Town | 42 | 7 | 4 | 31 | 38 | 113 | −75 | 25 | Relegated to the Midland Football Combination |
* ↑ Oldbury United deducted 3 points.
# Ramon Torres Mendez

Ramon Torres Mendez (July 2, 1969 - September 1993) was a Mexican American who was a high-ranking member of the Logan Heights Gang, recruited by David "D" Barron in 1993. He reportedly served as a hitman to its leaders who trained him to carry out an assassination attempted against the Tijuana Cartel major rival Joaquín Guzmán Loera.
On May 24, 1993, he and other Logan Heights Gang members were assigned to kill Joaquín Guzmán Loera at the Guadalajara Airport but in the shoot-out that followed, six bystanders were killed, including the Roman Catholic Cardinal Juan Jesus Posadas Ocampo. Mendez was arrested in late June 1993.

## Death

In September 1993, Mendez was killed inside a Mexican prison by other inmates while awaiting trial for murder.
# Aeolian Hall (London)

Aeolian Hall, at 135–137 New Bond Street, London, began life as the Grosvenor Gallery, being built by Coutts Lindsay in 1876, an accomplished amateur artist with a predeliction for the aesthetic movement, for which he was held up to some ridicule. In 1883, he decided to light his gallery with electricity. An outhouse became a substation, and equipment was installed in the basement, which upset some of the neighbours, and caused others to buy electricity from him. Thus began the system of electrical distribution in use today, but the threat of fire ended these activities, and by 1890, Lindsay was forced to sell out to the Grosvenor Club. By 1903 the whole building was taken over by the Orchestrelle Company of New York (the Aeolian Company). Manufacturers of musical instruments, especially the pianola, they converted the space into offices, a showroom, and a concert hall.
Aeolian Hall was a popular venue for the Russian recitalist Vladimir Rosing. The hall was turned into an intimate opera house for one set of performances. In June 1921 Rosing presented, with director Theodore Komisarjevsky and conductor Adrian Boult, a season of Opera Intime, performing The Queen of Spades, The Barber of Seville, and Pagliacci. On 12 June 1923 the first performance of Facade, music by William Walton, poems by Edith Sitwell, took place.
After the destruction of their St George's Hall studios in March 1943, the BBC took it over for the recording and broadcast of concerts and recitals. The premises are currently converted to office use but remain otherwise intact.
# Panther in the Dollhouse

Panther in the Dollhouse is the fourth studio album by Canadian rock band Whitehorse. The album was released via Six Shooter Records on July 7, 2017.

## Writing and production

Whitehorse is a Canadian band consisting of husband-and-wife musicians and songwriters Luke Doucet and Melissa McClelland. For Panther in the Dollhouse, they followed their usual writing pattern: each of them wrote songs individually. In an interview with Vue Weekly, McClelland says "We will each have a batch of songs and the ones we both gravitate to we claim are Whitehorse songs".
The track "Nighthawks" was written in response to Canada's Bill C-36, a law that modified the Canadian Criminal Code with respect to offenses related to prostitution. Several other songs on the album, including "Trophy Wife" and "Boys Like You", also relate to sexual politics. This theme was carried into the album launch show, which included a taping of Dan Savage's Savage Love podcast, and featured sex worker advocate Terri-Jean Bedford participating in a panel discussion.
Financial support for the recording came from FACTOR and the Ontario Media Development Corporation.

## Reception

On Metacritic, the album holds a score of 78/100 based on 4 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".
Kyle Mullin, writing for Exclaim!, called Panther in the Dollhouse "one of the best albums of the summer, if not the year", and identified "Boys Like You" as one of the best songs on the album. Hal Horowitz, reviewing the album for American Songwriter, described Whitehorse's genre as "impossible to pigeonhole" and praised the album's production; Horowitz considered "Nighthawks" to be a highlight of the album. Chrissie Dickinson, wrote in the Chicago Tribune that the first single ("Boys Like You") is a "rhythm-heavy and shivery rock-pop song", and the accompanying video is "sleek and cinematic sendup of rock & roll stardom". Steve Horowitz rated the album 7/10, and said "the music has a strong, charismatic appeal" in his review for PopMatters. James Fenney, writing in Never Enough Notes, said that Whitehorse "swapped Americana for slick noir rock" for this album, and that "Whitehorse’s successes outweigh the problematic moments on Panther in the Dollhouse", rating the album 3/5.

## Track listing

* Epitaph in Tongues
* Boys Like You
* Die Alone
* Trophy Wife
* Pink Kimono
* Kicking Down Your Door
* Gracie
* I Can't Take You With Me (Charlene's Theme)
* Nighthawks
* Manitoba Death Star

## Credits

Credits are taken from the album liner notes.
All songs were written by Melissa McClelland and Luke Doucet, with the addition of Gus Van Go on Pink Kimono, and the addition of Gus Van Go, Werner F, Chris Soper and Jesse Singer on Nighthawks.
Production was by Gus Van Go and Werner F, with addition production by Likeminds.
Melissa McClelland and Luke Doucet: Vocals, guitars, percussion
Gus Van Go: Bass, percussion
Werner F: Additional guitars
Jesse Singer: Drums, drum programming, bass, synthesizers, percussion
Chris Soper: Drum programming, B3 organ, electric piano, piano, synthesizers.
# Pantherodes

Pantherodes is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

## Species

* Pantherodes arizonensis
* Pantherodes colubraria
* Pantherodes conglomerata
* Pantherodes cornifrons
* Pantherodes crassa
* Pantherodes hoplitaria
* Pantherodes leonaria
* Pantherodes obliterata
* Pantherodes olivacea
* Pantherodes pardalaria
* Pantherodes perspicillum
* Pantherodes pumaria
* Pantherodes rhadinaria
* Pantherodes semiconfluens
* Pantherodes unciaria
* Pantherodes viperaria

## Description

Moths belonging to this genus have translucent yellow wings with leopard-like blotches.

## Distribution

These species can be found the southern states of the United States to Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador Bolivia, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.