OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Layer 8

Layer 8 is a term used to refer to user or political layer on top of the 7-layer OSI model of computer networking.
The OSI model is a 7-layer abstract model that describes an architecture of data communications for networked computers. The layers build upon each other, allowing for the abstraction of specific functions in each one. The top (7th) layer is the Application Layer describing methods and protocols of software applications. It is then held that the user is the 8th layer.

## Layers, defined

According to Bruce Schneier and RSA:
* Layer 8: The individual person.
* Layer 9: The organization.
* Layer 10: Government or legal compliance
Network World readers humorously report:
* Layer 8: Money - Provides network corruption by inspiring increased interference from the upper layer.
* Layer 9: Politics - Consists of technically ignorant management that negatively impacts network performance and development.
and:
* Layer 9: Politics. "Where the most difficult problems live."
* Layer 8: The user factor. "It turned out to be another Layer-8 problem."
* 7 to 1: The usual OSI layers
* Layer 0: Funding. "Because we should always start troubleshooting from the lowest layer, and nothing can exist before the funding."
Since the OSI layer numbers are commonly used to discuss networking topics, a troubleshooter may describe an issue caused by a user to be a layer 8 issue, similar to the PEBKAC acronym, the ID-Ten-T Error and also PICNIC.
Political economic theory holds that the 8th layer is important to understanding the OSI Model. Political policies such as network neutrality, spectrum management, and digital inclusion all shape the technologies comprising layers 1–7 of the OSI Model.
An 8th layer has also been referenced to physical (real-world) controllers containing an external hardware device which interacts with an OSI model network. An example of this is ALI in Profibus.
A network guru T-shirt from the 1980s shows Layer 8 as the "financial" layer, and Layer 9 as the "political" layer. The design was credited to Evi Nemeth.

## Similar pseudo-layers for TCP/IP

In the TCP/IP model, the four-layer model of the Internet, a fifth layer is sometimes analogously described as the political layer, and the sixth as the religious layer. This appears in a humorous April Fools' Day RFC, RFC 2321, published in 1998.

## Other uses

* Linux Gazette carries a regular column called Layer 8 Linux Security.
* Layers 8, 9, and 10 are sometimes used to represent individuals, organizations, and governments for the user layer of service-oriented architectures. See OSI User Layers figure for details.
* User-in-the-loop is a serious concept including Layer 8 as a system-level model.
* In 2016, a company shipped a product called Layer8 to "bridge the universal divide between PC users and IT managers".
* Layer 8 Conference & Podcast is a professional conference focusing on social engineering and OSINT. The podcast features experts in the fields of social engineering and OSINT.
# Mahbubur Rahman

Mahbubur Rahman (Bengali: মহবুবুর রহমান) is a Bengali masculine given name of Arabic origin. It may refer to:
* Mahbubur Rahman (politician, born 1940) (1940–2021), Bangladeshi lawyer, politician and former education minister
* Mahbubur Rahman (politician, born 1954) (1954-2024), Bangladeshi politician former state minister of water resources
* Md. Mahbubur Rahman (engineer) (born 1963), Bangladeshi engineer
* Mahbubur Rahman (cricketer) (born 1969), Bangladeshi cricketer
* Mahbubur Rahman (umpire) (born 1957), Bangladeshi cricket umpire
* Mahboob Rahman Ruhel (born 1970), Bangladeshi politician, businessman and film producer
* Mahbubur Rahman Sufil (born 1999), Bangladeshi footballer
* Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman (general) , Bangladeshi lieutenant general and a former Chief of Army Staff
* Mahbubur Rahman (general, born 1962), retired Major General of Bangladesh Army
* Mahbubur Rahman (police officer), Bangladeshi police officer
# Georgi Sulakvelidze

Georgi Elgudzhayevich Sulakvelidze (Russian: Георгий Элгуджаевич Сулаквелидзе; born 18 April 2001) is a Russian footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Career

Sulakvelidze made his debut for Dynamo Moscow on 31 August 2022 in a Russian Cup game against FC Rostov.

## Career statistics

    As of 27 November 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Dynamo-2 Moscow | 2020–21 | Second League | 12 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Dynamo-2 Moscow | 2021–22 | Second League | 23 | 3 | – | – | – | – | 23 | 3 |
| Dynamo-2 Moscow | 2022–23 | Second League | 8 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 8 | 2 |
| Dynamo-2 Moscow | Total | Total | 43 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 5 |
| Dynamo Moscow | 2021–22 | RPL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Dynamo Moscow | 2022–23 | RPL | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Dynamo Moscow | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 43 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 5 |
# Roy Armes

Roy Armes (born March 16, 1937) is a British professor emeritus and film scholar who has written numerous books on the history of filmmaking and select filmmakers.
He wrote a treatise on the film Omar Gatlato and books on Alain Robbe-Grillet and Alain Resnais.

## Books

* Armes, Roy (1966). French Cinema Since 1946. Vol. 1. ISBN 9789100031961.
* Armes, Roy (1966). French Cinema Since 1946. Vol. 2.
* Armes, Roy (1968). The Cinema of Alain Resnais.
* Armes, Roy (1976). The ambiguous image: Narrative style in modern European cinema. Bloomington, Ind. [usw.]: Univ. Pr. ISBN 9784366018008. OCLC 902125049.
* Armes, Roy (1978). A critical history of the British cinema. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-520043-0.
* Armes, Roy (1987). Third World Film Making and the West. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520908017.
* Armes, Roy (2001). On video. Studies in communication (Repr ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-00717-7.
* Armes, Roy (2005). Postcolonial Images: Studies in North African Film. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253217448.
* Armes, Roy (2006). African Filmmaking: North and South of the Sahara. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253218988.
* Armes, Roy (2008). Dictionary of African filmmakers. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35116-6.
* Armes, Roy (2010). Arab Filmmakers of the Middle East: A Dictionary. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253004598.
* Armes, Roy (2015). New voices in Arab cinema. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University press. ISBN 978-0-253-01516-7.
# Greg Pearce (footballer)

Greg Pearce is a footballer who played in The Football League for Chesterfield. He made 49 league appearances for Chesterfield but fell out of favour with then manager Nicky Law.
# ATS-1

ATS-1 (Applications Technology Satellite 1), also designated ATS-B or Advanced Tech. Sat. 1, was an experimental geostationary satellite, launched in 1966, and part of the Applications Technology Satellites Program. Though intended as a communications satellite rather than as a weather satellite, it carried the Spin Scan Cloud Camera developed by Verner E. Suomi and Robert Parent at the University of Wisconsin.
After entering an orbit at 23,000 mi (37,000 km) above Earth, initially in orbit over Ecuador, it transmitted weather images from the Western Hemisphere, as well as other data, to ground stations, including well as video feeds for television broadcasting.
It took one of the first pictures of the Earth's full-disk (the first from a geostationary orbit), on December 11, 1966.
   "For the first time," historians would note later, "rapid-imaging of nearly an entire hemisphere was possible. We could watch, fascinated, as storm systems developed and moved and were captured in a time series of images. Today such images are an indispensable part of weather analysis and forecasting."
It was the first satellite to use frequency-division multiple access which accepted multiple independent signals and downlinked them in a single carrier.
The ATS-1 satellite was used during the 1967 international television broadcast Our World, providing a link between the United States and Australia during the program.
The ATS-1 would remain operational for more than 18 years, until April 1985.

## Features

This satellite was cylindrical, with a diameter of 142 cm (56 in) and a height of 135 cm (53 in); an additional 270 cm (110 in) in height was the engine cover. The surface was covered with solar panels, and the whole satellite was stabilized by rotation. It measured 56 inches (1,400 mm) in diameter, 57 inches (1,400 mm) high and weighed 750 lb (340 kg).

## Instruments

A total of fifteen experiments were conducted during the mission:
* Suprathermal Ion Detector
* Biaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer
* Omnidirectional Spectrometer
* Electron Spectrometer
* Particle Telescope
* Solar Cell Radiation Damage
* Thermal Coating Degradation
* Rate Range Beacon
* Spin Scan Cloud Camera
* Microwave communication transponder
* Communication VHF transponder
* Nutation sensor
* Resist-Jet Thruster
* Faraday Rotation
* Meteorological Data Relay System

## Gallery

* ATS-1 exterior scheme
* ATS-1 interior scheme
* Concept artwork of the ATS-1 satellite
* First full disk image of Earth from geostationary orbit (December 11, 1966)
* ATS-1 captured the first image of Earth and the moon together (December 11, 1966)
* Section of an ATS-1 satellite image showing Hurricane Monica,(September 2, 1971)
# Scribblenauts Remix

Scribblenauts Remix is an emergent action puzzle video game developed by 5th Cell and Iron Galaxy Studios and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It was released on iOS on October 12, 2011, and Android on December 10, 2012. The game provides forty levels from both Scribblenauts and its sequel, Super Scribblenauts along with ten new levels for iOS and Android. The mechanics of the game are based on Super Scribblenauts, allowing for the use of adjectives in addition to nouns. The game uses built-in features of iOS, such as the touch keyboard, and was released simultaneously with iOS version 5, incorporating new features such as cloud storage via iCloud to play the game across multiple devices. The game also features Game Center integration.
As a result of a price drop to approximately one dollar, Scribblenauts Remix took the top sales spot for iOS games during the week of November 14, 2011, knocking long-term favorite Angry Birds from this spot. By February 2012, it had gained more than one million downloads, and in honor of that it was updated with a Valentine's playground.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 86/100 (16 reviews) |
# Freak City Soundtrack

Freak City Soundtrack is the third studio album by Material Issue, released on Mercury Records in 1994. It was the last studio album the band would record before frontman Jim Ellison died by suicide in 1996.

## Production

The album was produced by Mike Chapman, who also produced breakthrough albums for Blondie and the Knack. Rick Nielsen appears on the album.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
Trouser Press called the album "an unqualified triumph," and praised "Help Me Land" as "two minutes of slashing power chords, a frenzied vocal and Zelenko’s totally out-of-control drumming." The Hartford Courant called it "40 minutes of high-energy, minimal-angst-factor fun." The Chicago Tribune called Freak City Soundtrack "a return to form ... It comes as close as any disc to capturing the band's live energy."

## Track listing

All songs written by Jim Ellison except when noted.
* "Goin' Through Your Purse" - 3:23
* "Kim the Waitress" (Jeff Kelly, Jim Kelly) - 4:57
* "Funny Feeling" - 3:25
* "The Fan" - 3:05
* "One Simple Word" - 2:44
* "A Very Good Thing" - 2:42
* "I Could Use You" - 4:10
* "Ordinary Girl" - 3:11
* "Eko Beach" - 2:35
* "She's Going Through My Head" - 3:11
* "Help Me Land" - 1:53
# Nothing to Gein

"Nothing to Gein" is a song by American metal band Mudvayne. It was released as the third single from their debut album L.D. 50, and was written during the last days of the album's recording. The song is inspired by American murderer Ed Gein.

## Music and lyrics

During the songwriting process, the band members paired riffs with lyrics based on what Matthew McDonough referred to as "number symbolism". According to McDonough, while he and Chad Gray wrote the lyrics to "Nothing to Gein", Greg Tribbett performed a riff which alternated in bars of four and five. Because the number nine is a lunar number, McDonough felt that the riff would fit the song's lyrics, which referred to murderer and grave robber Ed Gein, whose actions McDonough associated with nighttime activity.
# Ben Chapman (footballer, born 1991)

Ben Chapman (born 3 May 1991) is a British Virgin Islands' international football goalkeeper, who plays for English non-league side Leek Town.

## Club career

His club career has seen him play for Nantwich Town, Market Drayton Town, Kidsgrove Athletic, Glossop North End, Eccleshall and Airbus UK Broughton in Wales. He has had three spells playing for Leek Town. During his last spell with the club he had three loan periods at other clubs. In 2018 he joined Winsford United. In January 2019, Hanley Town took him on a short-term loan. In September 2019 he joined Congleton Town on loan.
In July 2020 he signed on a permanent deal with former loan club, Hanley Town. In March 2022 he rejoined Leek Town.

## International career

Born in Stoke-on-Trent, Chapman qualified to play for the British Virgin Islands due to him holding a British passport and he made his debut for them in the Caribbean Cup on 22 March 2016, against Martinique. He then played for the islands in the CONCACAF Nations League.

## Career statistics
### Club

| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Hanley Town | 2021–22 | Midland League Premier Division | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |

### International

    As of match played 13 October 2019
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| British Virgin Islands | 2016 | 2 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2018 | 3 | 0 |
| British Virgin Islands | 2019 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 10 | 0 |
# Zac Etheridge

Zac Etheridge (born July 6, 1988) is an American football coach and former player who currently serves as the cornerbacks coach at the University of Miami. As a player, he was a four year starter at safety for Auburn, as well as a team captain on their 2010 National Championship team.

## High school career

Etheridge attended Charles Henderson High School in Troy, Alabama. He initially played basketball and baseball before ultimately deciding to focus on football. Etheridge grew up watching Auburn and Alabama football and began to dream of playing for Auburn after watching the programs 2004 team and becoming enamored with the programs sense of "family and tradition". Described as scrawny, Etheridge originally struggled in gaining attention from major programs but received an offer from Auburn after attending a camp ran by the team. On August 14, 2005, he would commit to play college football at Auburn University.

## College career

Etheridge would make an immediate impact at Auburn, starting 12 out of 13 games as a freshman in 2007 and earning Freshman All-American honors with 65 tackles. Etheridge remained a strong contributor for the Tigers as a sophomore, recording 75 tackles and one interception. In his junior season he suffered a neck injury while attempting a tackle in a game against Ole Miss. Following the injury he lacked control over his body and was ultimately diagnosed with torn neck ligaments and a broken vertebrae. The injury threatened to end Etheridge's playing career but he would return to the field for his senior season in 2010 after completing 9 months of physical therapy. In 2010, he was named a team captain, started all 14 games and would have three interceptions on the season including one in the first quarter of the Tigers national championship victory over Oregon. In 2012, Etheridge was awarded the James Owens Courage Award, which is awarded to an Auburn player who demonstrates "courage in the face of adversity".

## Coaching career

Etheridge began his coaching career in 2012 when Bill O'Brien hired him as a graduate assistant at Penn State. He would then serve in the same role for two seasons at Georgia Tech before being hired by Western Carolina as a defensive backs and outside linebackers coach. In 2018, Etheridge worked as the defensive back coach at Louisiana. Following two seasons as the defensive backs coach at Houston, Etheridge returned to his alma mater in 2021. In 2022, following the firing of Bryan Harsin for Hugh Freeze it was announced that Etheridge would remain on the new staff, making him and running backs coach Cadillac Williams the only coaches retained by Freeze.
# Kids in Jazz

Kids in Jazz (established 2012 in Norway) is an international jazz festival where children perform. The festival takes place in August, with concerts on numerous stages in Oslo.

## Biography

Kids in Jazz was initiated as a cooperation project, involving Improbasen, Sapporo Junior Jazz School, Nasjonal Jazzscene, Oslo Jazzfestival, and Barnas Jazzhus. Once established, the festival demonstrated an international need for a meeting place for the youngest Jazztalents and their tutors. Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Swissland, Austria, Ukraine, Portugal, Italy, Venezuela, Chile, Mexico and Japan kids joined Kids in Jazz since established 2012.
In 2014 Kids in Jazz established a cooperation with the official organizations for jazz in Denmark (JazzDanmark) and Sweden (Svensk Jazz). Kids in Jazz 2014 presented several concerts featuring young performers from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Austria and Japan. In 2014 the founder of Kids in Jazz Odd André Elveland received the award Ella-prisen for his work with children and jazz.

## Profile

The aim of the festival is to give children around the world an opportunity to develop their talent, by performing and by meeting other kids with the same passion for music. Many of the young talents presented during Kids in jazz, are likely to be found in the next generation of international jazz performers.
# Londiani

Londiani is a town in Kericho County, Kenya. It is 49 km from Kericho, which is about a 50-minute drive. As of 2009, it had a total population of 44,953.

## Transport

Londiani is located in the Kipkelion East Constituency between Nakuru and Kericho, off Nakuru-Eldoret highway about one hour drive from Nakuru town.
The town borders the Londiani Forest and contains a forestry station managed by the Kenya Forestry Service.
The Nairobi-Kisumu railway also passes through the town. The Londiani-Fort Ternan-Koru-Muhoroni (C35) road goes through Londiani enabling travel from Nakuru to Kisumu, without going through Kericho.

## Geography

Londiani town lies approximately 2,325 m above sea level.
The town borders Mt. Londiani (2,848 m). This mountain is also referred to as Mount Kipsigis, Tuluap-Kipsigis by the locals and was called Mount Blackett by the British colonial authorities. The site was gazetted as a cultural heritage site of great significance to the Kipsigis community.

## History

The British colonial authorities constructed a railway line passing through the town, from Nairobi to Kisumu.
There was also a sawmill near the town, called Mount Blackett Sawmills

## Administration and Finance

Londiani town hosts various administrative and financial offices:
* Londiani Ward office
* Rift Valley Eco-Region Research Programme
* Londiani Police Station
* Assistant County Commissioner
* Kenya Commercial Bank
* Kenya Women Finance Trust

## Education

Several institutions are found within and around the town:
* Londiani Boys High School
* Londiani Girls High School
* Sacred Hills Girls High School.

## Healthcare

Londiani town has the Londiani District Hospital, which offers outpatient and inpatient services, mother and child healthcare, family planning, antenatal care, immunization and nutrition services. The hospital also has an operation theatre.
Londiani is also the site of the proposed Londiani Referral Hospital, which will serve the South Rift region, including Kericho, Bomet and Narok counties.
# Bozsik

Bozsik (, probably of Western Slavic origin, possibly from the masculine given name Boško – itself derived from the Slavic word boh/bog/bóh for "god" – followed by the Slavic diminutive suffix -ik, and thus of theophoric origin) is a Hungarian surname. It may refer to:
* Gábor Bozsik (born 1981), Hungarian sprint canoer
* József Bozsik (1925–1978), Hungarian footballer
* Levente Bozsik (born 1980), Hungarian footballer
* Péter Bozsik (born 1961), Hungarian football manager
# Takashi Ohori

Takashi Ohori (大堀 孝, Ōhori Takashi, born 13 November 1969) is a Japanese bobsledder. He competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics.
# Liuhua station

Liuhua Station (Chinese: 流花站; Cantonese Yale: Làufā Jaahm) is a station on Line 11 of the Guangzhou Metro. It started operations on 28 December 2024. It is located underground at the intersection of Renmin Road North and Liuhua Road in Yuexiu District.

## Structure

In order to reduce the impact of the construction on the ground traffic, the station introduced the tunnel pile method for construction, which is the first station of Guangzhou Metro to adopt this method for construction, and the only fully excavated station of Line 11.

## Station Layout

| G | - | Exits B & D |
| L1 | Lobby | Ticket Machines, Customer Service, Shops, Police Station, Safety Facilities |
| L2 Platforms | Platform 1 | 11 Outer Circle (Caihong Bridge) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L2 Platforms | Platform 2 | 11 Inner Circle (Ziyuangang) |

## Exits

| Exit letter | Exit letter | Exit letter | Gallery | Exit location | Nearby |
| B | B | B | | Liuhua Road | Renmin Road North, Liuhua Lake Park, Southern Theater General Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Yuexiu Campus, Liuhua (Southern Theater General Hospital) Public Bus Stop (Southbound) |
| D | D | D | | Liuhua Road | Renmin Road North, Liuhua (Southern Theater General Hospital) Public Bus Stop (Southbound), Renmin Road North (Zhannan Road Intersection) Public Bus Stop (Northbound) |

## Gallery

* Concourse
* Exits B and D linking passageway
* Platform 1 panorama
* Station construction site (February 2023)

## History

In 2008, when the subway planned the metro ring line, the small ring line was planned to run through Renmin Road North with Liuhua Road Station (also known as Liuhua Park Station), which was already located in much the same location as it is now. However, the Great Ring Line scheme does not set up this station because the route directly passes beneath Zhanqian Road. In 2010, it was decided to adopt the Super Ring Line scheme, using Renmin Road North at the section from Caihong Bridge Station to Guangzhou railway station, and officially establishing Liuhua Road Station.
Construction of the station began in February 2017. On May 21 of the same year, the bus stop (northbound) on Renmin Road North (Zhannan Road Intersection) was relocated 200 meters north to cooperate with the construction. On 23 April 2023, the main structure of the station was topped out. In June 2023, Guangzhou Metro Group announced the preliminary name of the stations on Line 11, and this station is planned to be named Liuhua Station, which was subsequently approved as the official station name in May 2024.
On 28 December 2024, the station was put into use with the opening of Line 11.