OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lee In (politician)

Lee In (Korean: 이인; Hanja: 李仁; September 20, 1896 – April 5, 1979) was a South Korean politician and lawyer who served as the first minister of justice for South Korea from August 2, 1948, to June 5, 1949.

## Biography

Lee was born on September 20, 1896, in Daegu to Lee Jong-yeong and Jeong Bok-hee. After graduating from Daldong High School in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Industrial Supplementary School, he moved to Japan to continue his studies in 1912. In Japan, he graduated from Seisoku Middle School and studied law at Nihon University and Meiji University. While he returned to Korea upon graduation, he moved back to Japan in 1919 after the beginning of the March First Movement and passed Japan's bar exam in 1922.
In May 1923, he opened a law office in Seoul and began providing legal representation to Korean independence activists. His clients included those involved in the second Uiyeoldan incident, the June Tenth Movement, and the Gwangju Student Movement. In 1925, he also joined the Korean Language Research Association as a founding member of its dictionary compilation project. During the Korean Language Society incident in December 1942, Lee was arrested by Japanese police and tortured for his involvement in the Korean Language Society. In January 1945, Lee was sentenced to two years in prison with three years of probation.
Following the liberation of Korea, Lee became a founding member of the Democratic Party of Korea. In October 1945, the United States Military Government in Korea appointed Lee as chief justice and chairman of the Special Criminal Review Committee. In 1946, Lee became the prosecutor general and oversaw counterfeiting investigations. On August 2, 1948, he was appointed as the first minister of justice for South Korea and in March 1949, he was elected to the Constitutional Assembly. On June 5, 1949, he resigned from his post as minister of justice due to disagreements with President Syngman Rhee.
Lee died on April 5, 1979, and was buried at the National Seoul Memorial Park Patriots' Cemetery. Upon his death, he donated all of his property to the Korean Language Society.
# Paper bag problem

In geometry, the paper bag problem or teabag problem is to calculate the maximum possible inflated volume of an initially flat sealed rectangular bag which has the same shape as a cushion or pillow, made out of two pieces of material which can bend but not stretch.
According to Anthony C. Robin, an approximate formula for the capacity of a sealed expanded bag is:
    $V=w^{3}\left(h/\left(\pi w\right)-0.142\left(1-10^{\left(-h/w\right)}\right)\right),$
where w is the width of the bag (the shorter dimension), h is the height (the longer dimension), and V is the maximum volume. The approximation ignores the crimping round the equator of the bag.
A very rough approximation to the capacity of a bag that is open at one edge is:
    $V=w^{3}\left(h/\left(\pi w\right)-0.071\left(1-10^{\left(-2h/w\right)}\right)\right)$
(This latter formula assumes that the corners at the bottom of the bag are linked by a single edge, and that the base of the bag is not a more complex shape such as a lens).

## The square teabag

For the special case where the bag is sealed on all edges and is square with unit sides, h = w = 1, the first formula estimates a volume of roughly
    $V={\frac {1}{\pi }}-0.142\cdot 0.9$
or roughly 0.19. According to Andrew Kepert, a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Newcastle, Australia, an upper bound for this version of the teabag problem is 0.217+, and he has made a construction that appears to give a volume of 0.2055+.
Robin also found a more complicated formula for the general paper bag, which gives 0.2017, below the bounds given by Kepert (i.e., 0.2055+ ≤ maximum volume ≤ 0.217+).
# Padovana chicken

The Padovana or Padovana dal gran ciuffo (lit. 'large-crested Paduan') is an ancient Italian breed of small crested and bearded chicken. It originates in, and is named for, the city and surrounding province of Padua, in the Veneto region of north-eastern Italy. Despite continuing discussion surrounding its true origins, it is recognised in Italy as an indigenous Italian breed.

## History

The early history of the Padovana is unclear, and the subject of continuing discussion, as is its relationship to the Polish and the Dutch crested (Hollandse Kuifhoen [nl]) and Dutch bearded crested (Nederlandse Baardkuifhoen [nl]) breeds, which are variously considered to have originated in the Netherlands, in Poland, in Russia, or elsewhere. It is often reported that the Padovana was brought from Poland to Italy by the "Marquis" Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio (1330–88). However the Dondi who was ennobled was the soldier Francesco Dondi, created Marquis by King John III Sobieski in 1676; no journey to or contact with Poland by Giovanni Dondi in the fourteenth century is documented.
Two sources provide evidence of crested chickens in Europe in Roman times: the two marble statuettes of crested chickens observed in the Sala degli Animali of the Vatican Museums in 1927 by Alessandro Ghigi date from the first or second century AD; a chicken skull excavated at West Hill, Uley, in Gloucestershire in England, shows the typical cerebral hernia of the crested breeds and dates from the fourth century.
Early iconographic evidence of the breed in Padova is the fresco of the Annunciation by Jacopo da Verona, painted in 1397 in the Oratorio di San Michele in Padova, which shows a peasant woman feeding a crested hen and her chicks.
The Padovana is described and illustrated as gallina patavina, or Paduan hen, by Ulisse Aldrovandi in the second part of his work on ornithology, Ornithologiae tomus alter cum indice copiosissimo variarum linguarum, published in Bologna in 1600.$^{:310–311}$
In the twenty-first century, breed numbers remain low. A study published in 2007 used a figure of approximately 1200 for the total breeding stock, of which some 300 were cocks.

## Characteristics

Nine colour varieties are recognised for the Padovana, of which six are well-known and documented in older treatises: white, black, silver-laced, gold-laced, buff-laced and "sparrowhawk". The skin is white and the legs slate-coloured or black.$^{:54}$ The comb is absent and the wattles vestigial; the ear-lobes are small, whitish and completely covered by the crest. Average weight is 1.8–2.3 kg (4–5 lb) for cocks, and 1.5–2.0 kg (3.5–4.5 lb) for hens. The eggs vary from cream to light brown, and weigh some 50–60 g.
* Padovana cock and hen from Ulisse Aldrovandi, Ornithologiae tomus alter, 1600.
# Adventure Ltd.

Adventure Ltd. is a 1935 British adventure film directed by George King and starring Harry Milton, Pearl Argyle and Sebastian Shaw. It was made at Elstree Studios as a quota quickie for release by Paramount Pictures.

## Cast

* Harry Milton as Kim Berkeley
* Pearl Argyle as Anita Lorenzo
* Sebastian Shaw as Bruce Blandford
* Sam Wilkinson as Reginald Purdie
* Clifford Heatherley as Sir Matthew Muller
* Hugh E. Wright as Don Lorenzo / Montagu Phelps
* Laurence Hanray as Simon Ledbury
* Cecil Humphreys as General Baroda
# Sigurður Jónsson (footballer)

Sigurður Jónsson (born 27 September 1966 in Akranes), also known as The Icelandic Beast (and his son as The Icelandic Beast JR), is a retired Icelandic footballer and former coach of Swedish club Djurgården.
In 2008, he featured in a ten-man shortlist for Iceland's greatest footballer of all time.

## Playing career
### Club

Sigurður started his career at his hometown club IA Akranes before moving to English club Sheffield Wednesday in February 1985. He spent four years at Wednesday, including a brief spell on loan to Barnsley in 1986, playing 67 times for them. He made his English league debut against Leicester City in March 1985. He was signed by Arsenal in July 1989 for a fee of £475,000 and made his Arsenal debut at home against Manchester City on 14 October 1989. However his period at Arsenal was wrecked by injury and he made just ten appearances in all competitions for the London side, scoring once in the league against Queens Park Rangers in November 1989. He was part of the Arsenal side that won the old First Division in 1991 but only played in two matches, which was not enough to earn a winner's medal.
Sigurður announced his retirement in December 1991, having failed to appear in a competitive game for Arsenal since October 1990, due to a back injury. He came out of retirement to rejoin IA Akranes in 1992 and later played for Swedish club Örebro in the 1996 and 1997 Allsvenskan seasons. He signed for Scottish club Dundee United in November 1997, where again injury reduced his opportunities to play; he made 43 league appearances, scoring once against Motherwell. After having his contract terminated in April 2000, Sigurður signed for IA Akranes for the third time in his career the following month. He finally retired from playing in 2001.

## International

Additionally, during his career Sigurður represented Iceland at international level 65 times, scoring three goals. He made his international debut in a Euro 84 qualifier against Malta on 5 June 1983, aged just 16 years and 251 days. He came on at half time in a 1–0 win. This made him the youngest player to have appeared in a European Championship qualifier, a record he held until it was taken by Martin Ødegaard of Norway in 2014. He played his last game for the national team on 9 September 1999 against Ukraine.

## Coaching career

As a coach, he had spells with FH, Vikingur and Grindavík, before being appointed Djurgården manager in November 2006. In 2010, he signed on as Enköping manager.

## Honours

* FA Charity Shield: 1991 (shared)
* Årets Järnkamin: 2007
# Moist desquamation

Moist desquamation is a description of the clinical pattern seen as a consequence of radiation exposure where the skin thins and then begins to weep because of loss of integrity of the epithelial barrier and decreased oncotic pressure. Moist desquamation is a rare complication for most forms of radiology; however, it is far more common in fluoroscopy where threshold doses lie between 10-15 Gy and increasingly common above 15 Gy. It has been noted that fractionation of fluoroscopic procedures significantly reduces the likelihood of moist desquamation occurring. In animal studies done on pig skin, moist desquamation was found to occur with a 50% of the time after a single dose of 28 Gy; howeve, a 2×18 Gy fractionation scheme (36 Gy total dose) was needed to produce the same 50% occurrence.
Moist desquamation is a common side effect of radiotherapy treatment, where approximately 36% of radiotherapy patients will present with symptoms of moist desquamation. While modern megavoltage external beam radiotherapy have peak radiation doses below the skin, older orthvoltage systems have peak radiation doses at the skin of a patient. As such, moist desquamtation and other skin related radiotherapy complications were significantly more commonplace before the introduction of higher energy cobalt therapy and linear accelerator systems between the 1950s to 1970s.
Historically, this was a common phenomenon in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II with the atomic bomb attacks from the United States. The phenomenon was described by John Hersey in his 1946 article, and later book, Hiroshima.

## Clinical characteristics

Sloughing of the epidermis and exposure of the dermal layer clinically characterize moist desquamation. Moist desquamation presents as tender, red skin associated with serous exudate, hemorrhagic crusting, and has the potential for development of bullae.

## Treatment

Due to the deterministic nature of moist desquamation, once symptoms occur the condition itself can not be reversed and a patient must wait for the condition to subside. Management of these partial-thickness wounds has been influenced by the Winter principle of moist wound healing, which suggests that wounds heal more rapidly in a moist environment. Hydrocolloid dressings applied directly to these wounds prevent the evaporation of moisture from the exposed dermis and create a moist environment at the wound site that promotes cell migration. As additional radiation exposure may either exacerbate or cause the re-occurrence of moist dequamation, patients are advised to use sunscreen over the irradiated area after completion of treatment.
# Gelechia sonorensis

Gelechia sonorensis is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Mexico (Sonora).
The wingspan is about 11 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous along the costal third, with a black spot at the extreme base of the costa and two elongate sooty fuscous spots on the costa, one before and one beyond the middle. The dorsal two-thirds are sooty fuscous, interrupted by an oblique branch of the paler costal surface running towards the tornus, beyond which a sooty streak runs to the apex and through the cilia. The upper edge of the dark portion is slightly undulate and there is some admixture of ochreous scales upon its whole surface. The hindwings are grey.
# Palo Verde National Park

Palo Verde National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Palo Verde), is a national park of Costa Rica, part of the Arenal Tempisque Conservation Area, that contains much of the area of the valley of the Tempisque River and covers an area of 18,400 ha (45,000 acres) in Guanacaste Province, 30 km west of Canas.

## Environment

The park protects one of the most endangered ecosystems. It is one of the last remaining tropical dry rainforests that once covered most of Central America. Tropical dry rainforests now exist in less than 0.1% of their original size and are considered to be the most endangered ecosystems in the tropics. The surrounding region is mostly tropical dry forests, and the park concentrates on conserving vital floodplain, marshes, limestone ridges, and seasonal pools from the encroachment of civilization which was putting the ecology of the area at risk.

### Birds

A major feature of the park is the density and variety of bird species, a major factor in the creation of the reserve, due in part to its diverse ecology, with 15 topographical zones from evergreen forests to mangrove swamps. It has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. Birds seen regularly in the park include great curassows, scarlet macaws, white ibis, roseate spoonbills, anhingas, jabirus, and wood storks.
During the dry season water is scarce in other parts of the country. Due to this, many birds flock to the park and its river basin. Parajos Island, which is located in the middle of the Tempisque River, is usually a great place to spot birds. This island is the largest nesting site for the black-crowned night-herons in Costa Rica.

## History

Palo Verde National Park was declared a wildlife refuge during the 1970s because over 60 species of birds used the laguna, or wetland, as a migratory stop. There were once 35,000 black bellied whistling ducks, 25,000 blue winged teal, and several hundred migrating ducks during the dry season. Later the park was declared a national park and operated under the government agency MINAE (Ministry of Environment, Energy and Telecommunications). In the 1990s, the park was put on the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance and also on the Montreux Record.

## Access

The park has a ranger station which is open for visitors from 8 am to dusk, with potable water and restrooms. The Palo Verde Biological Station is on site; it is operated by the Organization for Tropical Studies.
# Peyton Knight

Peyton Olivia Knight is an American fashion model.

## Early life

At age 11, Knight was discovered by Elite Model Management while leaving a movie theater with her mother; two years later she was signed to IMG Models.

## Career

While in high school, she worked in Tokyo for six weeks; after graduating early, she walked for Chanel in Rome and did a Gucci campaign. Her first job was an editorial for W photographed by Steven Meisel. Knight debuted as an Alexander Wang exclusive and like many models in that show she received a distinctive haircut from hairstylist Guido Palau.
Knight was chosen as a “Top Newcomer” by models.com, in 2015.
# Youri Kalenga

Youri Kayembre Kalenga (born March 27, 1988) is a Congolese-French professional boxer. He is the former WBA interim Cruiserweight champion.

## Professional career

On June 21, 2014, Kalenga defeated Mateusz Masternak by twelfth round split decision to win the interim WBA Cruiserweight title.
In May 2016 Kalenga was stopped by Yuniel Dorticos in the 10th round in a fight for the vacant interim WBA title.

## Professional boxing record

27 Wins (20 knockout), 7 Losses, 0 Draws :
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Type | Round | Date | Location | Notes |
| Win | 25–6 | Ermin Avdic | TKO | 2 (8) | 2019-11-02 | Mariakerke | |
| Loss | 24–6 | Michał Cieślak | TKO | 7 (8) | 2019-03-01 | Legionowo | |
| Win | 24–5 | Soso Abuladze | TKO | 2 (6) | 2018-10-20 | Dakar | |
| Loss | 23–5 | Mateusz Masternak | RTD | 6 (12) | 2018-04-21 | Częstochowa | For vacant WBO European cruiserweight title |
| Loss | 23–4 | Kevin Lerena | SD | 12 | 2017-09-09 | Emperors Palace, Kempton Park | For vacant IBO cruiserweight title |
| Win | 23–3 | Adam Gadajew | TKO | 4 (8) | 2017-03-31 | Paris | |
| Loss | 22–3 | Yuniel Dorticos | TKO | 10 (12) | 2016-05-20 | Paris | For vacant interim WBA cruiserweight title |
| Win | 22–2 | Roberto Bolonti | KO | 9 (10) | 2015-11-07 | Monte Carlo | |
| Loss | 21–2 | Denis Lebedev | UD | 12 | 2015-04-10 | Moscow | For WBA Cruiserweight title |
| Win | 21–1 | Denton Daley | KO | 12 | 2014-11-15 | Mississauga | Retained interim WBA cruiserweight title |
| Win | 20–1 | Mateusz Masternak | SD | 12 | 2014-06-21 | Monte Carlo | Won vacant interim WBA Cruiserweight title |
| Win | 19–1 | Cesar David Crenz | KO | 3 (10) | 2014-02-15 | Dublin | |
| Win | 18–1 | Hari Miles | TKO | 8 (10) | 2013-12-21 | Elche | |
| Win | 17–1 | Giorgi Tevdorashvili | TKO | 2 (8) | 2013-11-02 | Loon-Plage | |
| Loss | 16–1 | Arturs Kulikauskis | UD | 10 | 2013-09-14 | Riga | |
| Win | 16–0 | Iago Kiladze | KO | 2 (10) | 2013-06-08 | Berlin | |
| Win | 15–0 | Jiri Svacina | TKO | 2 (6) | 2013-02-13 | Gravelines | |
| Win | 14–0 | Jozsef Nagy | KO | 2 (6) | 2012-11-30 | Paris | |
| Win | 13–0 | Jindrich Velecky | UD | 6 | 2012-11-16 | Calais | |
| Win | 12–0 | Prince Anthony Ikeji | TKO | 2 (6) | 2012-05-04 | Levallois-Perret | |
| Win | 11–0 | Martial Bella Oleme | PTS | 10 | 2012-04-21 | Gravelines | |
| Win | 10–0 | Remigijus Ziausys | UD | 6 | 2012-03-31 | Issoudun | |
| Win | 9–0 | Attila Palko | KO | 1 (6) | 2011-12-03 | Grand Fort Philippe | |
| Win | 8–0 | Remigijus Ziausys | PTS | 6 | 2011-10-28 | Loon-Plage | |
| Win | 7–0 | David Radeff | TKO | 2 (6) | 2011-07-01 | Gravelines | |
| Win | 6–0 | Isossa Mondo | KO | 1 (6) | 2011-04-09 | Issoudun | |
| Win | 5–0 | Valerijs Gubins | TKO | 1 (6) | 2011-02-12 | Gravelines | |
| Win | 4–0 | Isossa Mondo | PTS | 6 | 2010-12-04 | Gravelines | |
| Win | 3–0 | David Radeff | RTD | 2 (6) | 2010-10-23 | Grand Fort Philippe | |
| Win | 2–0 | Taffo Asongwed | PTS | 6 | 2010-04-10 | Gravelines | |
| Win | 1–0 | Engin Karakaplan | TKO | 3 (6) | 2010-02-27 | Gravelines | |
# Textures (album)

Textures is a 1989 album by British musician Brian Eno, consisting of edited and unedited ambient music produced exclusively for licensed use in television programs and films. It was not commercially released to the public.

## Track listing

* "Soft Dawn" – 2:19
* "The Water Garden" – 2:53
* "Shaded Water" – 3:16
* "Suspicious" – 4:14
* "Ozone" – 1:42
* "Landscape with Haze" – 4:06
* "Mirage" – 3:20
* "River Mist" – 4:33
* "Constant Dreams" – 3:57
* "Dark Dreams" – 3:07
* "Black Planet" – 2:52
* "Night Thoughts" – 3:37
* "Travellers" – 3:52
* "Evil Thoughts" – 2:01
* "Darkness" – 1:24
* "Jungles" – 2:00
* "Sanctuaries" – 1:37
* "Menace" – 1:46
* "Suspended Motion" – 3:43
* "The Wild" – 4:22
* "River Journey" – 11:14
While eleven tracks remain unpublished, seven tracks are actually edits or versions of pieces released in 1992 on The Shutov Assembly, two tracks are versions of "Asian River" previously released on Music for Films III (1988), and "Constant Dreams" is a short clip of Neroli, released as an hour long single track album in 1993.
* "The Water Garden" = "Cavallino"
* "Shaded Water" = "Alhondiga"
* "Suspicions" = "Lanzarote"
* "Landscape with Haze" = "Riverside"
* "Mirage" = "Triennale"
* "River Mist" = "Asian River"
* "Constant Dreams" = "Neroli" (edit)
* "Suspended Motion" = "Markgraph"
* "The Wild" = "Stedelijk"
* "River Journey" = "Asian River" (extended alternate mix)

## Credits

* Tracks 1, 2, 4–11, 18–21 composed by Brian Eno
* Tracks 3, 12, 13 composed by Brian Eno/Roger Eno
* Tracks 14-17 composed by Brian Eno/Daniel Lanois
# Icovellauna

Icovellauna was a Celtic goddess worshiped in Gaul. Her places of worship included an octagonal temple at Le Sablon in Metz, originally built over a spring, from which five inscriptions dedicated to her have been recovered, and Trier, where Icovellauna was honored in an inscription in the Altbachtal temple complex. Both of these places lie in the valley of the river Moselle of eastern Gaul in what are now Lorraine in France and Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. One such inscription was, somewhat unusually, inscribed on a copper tablet in Roman cursive letters.
At the temple in Metz, a spiral staircase led down to the water level, allowing worshipers to leave offerings in the spring and/or to take the waters. A statuette of a local Gaulish Mercury was among the ex-votos deposited at the shrine, which also included coins and ceramics dating from the 2nd to 4th centuries CE. Jeanne-Marie Demarolle states that Apollo was also associated with Icovellauna.
Demarolle glosses the name Icovellauna as bonne fontaine or "good fountain". Miranda Green follows Joseph Vendryes in interpreting the Gaulish root ico- as "water" and characterizes Icovellauna as a "water goddess" who "presided over the nymphaeum at Sablon in the Moselle Basin, a thermal spring-site". Xavier Delamarre, however, considers Vendryes' interpretation to be very improbable; on purely etymological grounds, he suggests that ico- might be the name of a bird, perhaps the woodpecker. The root uellauno- has been variously interpreted, though the interpretation "chief, commander" has recently found favor; see Vellaunus.