OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuclear Destruction

Nuclear Destruction is a play-by-mail (PBM) game. It was published by Rick Loomis of Flying Buffalo Inc. in 1970. As the first professional PBM game, it started the commercial PBM industry. Offered by postal mail initially, the game is available by email as well in the 21st century. Active for 53 years, as of October 2021, Rick Loomis PBM Games publishes the game. Players use strategic missiles, factories, money, and other elements of gameplay with a focus on diplomacy to win by becoming the sole survivor.

## Development

Nuclear Destruction was the first game offered by Flying Buffalo Inc., and started the professional PBM industry. It was the first professional PBM game. Flying Buffalo Inc. offered the game through mail initially, but it is a play-by-email (PBEM) game in the 21st century as well. As of October 2021, Rick Loomis PBM Games publishes the game. Nuclear Destruction has been active since 1970.

## Gameplay

According to reviewer Charles Mosteller, editor in chief of Suspense and Decision, the modern PBM magazine, Nuclear Destruction is a "Strategic missile game with emphasis on diplomacy". The object is to be the sole survivor at the end of the game, by arranging for the other players to be destroyed with nuclear missiles. Player tools include missiles, "anti-missiles", factories, and money for influencing other players.
Flying Buffalo ran multiple versions of Nuclear Destruction. In 1973 there was a "Ladies ND" as well as a two-player version where, in the latter case, the players were USSR and China. Also in 1973, groups of four to six players could play against each other in "Gang-War ND", and "Private ND" games were available for play with friends. In 1979, there was a "Partners ND" where two friends could play together; "Blitz ND", a costlier game with shorter turnaround times and priority mailing; and "Bribery ND" where players did not pay turn fees but could purchase extra resources (e.g., missiles and spies).

## Reception

   "I fired a hundred into the air. Where were they going? I knew where. Ah, but I wasn't to last the turn, ya' see, [f]or someone fired back at me!"
In Issue 9 of Command, Dennis Agosta admired Nuclear Destruction for the lack of any random factor. "It's intellect against intellect, where the outcome of the game is determined by how you and your allies (if any) make your moves." He concluded, "The excitement level of PBM Nuclear Destruction is very high, especially when the game is run on one or two week deadlines."
In Issue 8 of Perfidious Albion, Andy Holt commented, "The game is most interesting if communication is maintained with as many other players as possible, and very careful accounting kept of all information received, as with care, much of the situation can be deduced."
# 2022 YO1

2022 YO$_1$ is a small and harmless near-Earth object that will pass within 0.014 AU (2.1 million km) of Earth around 17 December 2024. At 17 December 2024 06:14 UT it has a 0.23% (1-in-430) chance of impacting Earth. It is estimated to be 3-meters in diameter which would make an impact comparable to 2008 TC3. It has a very short observation arc of 0.4 days. It was first imaged on 17 December 2022 07:07, when it was 0.004 AU (600 thousand km) from Earth, and made its closest approach to Earth at a distance of 0.00018 AU (27,000 km) shortly after on the same day.
At the time of the virtual impactor (17 December 2024 06:14) the asteroid is expected to be 0.0055 AU (820 thousand km) from Earth but has an uncertainty region of ±1.5 million km (0.01 AU). The nominal approach to Earth is expected to occur about nine hours later at 17 December 2024 15:41 at a distance of 0.005 AU (750 thousand km).
2024-Dec-17 06:14 Virtual Impactor :
| Date | Impact probability | JPL Horizons nominal geocentric distance (AU) | NEODyS nominal geocentric distance (AU) | MPC nominal geocentric distance (AU) | uncertainty region (3-sigma) |
| 2024-12-17 06:14 | 0.23% | 0.0055 AU (820 thousand km) | 0.0051 AU (760 thousand km) | 0.0056 AU (840 thousand km) | ± 1.5 million km |
Line of variation (LOV) and different closest approaches :
| Date and time | Nominal closest approach | Reference |
| 17 December 2024 06:14 | Impact scenario | Sentry |
| 17 December 2024 14:15 | 0.0043 AU (640 thousand km) | ESA |
| 17 December 2024 15:41 | 0.0051 AU (760 thousand km) | JPL SBDB |
It reached perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on 30 January 2023.
# Echinarachnius parma

Echinarachnius parma, the common sand dollar, is a species of sand dollar native to the Northern Hemisphere.

## Subspecies

* Echinarachnius parma obesus H.L. Clark, 1914
* Echinarachnius parma parma (Lamarck, 1816)
* Echinarachnius parma sakkalinensis Argamakowa, 1934

## Distribution

It is found in the North Pacific and Northwest Atlantic, on the North American east coast from New Jersey north, as well as in Alaska, Siberia, British Columbia, and Japan. It inhabits isolated areas on sandy bottoms below the low tide level down to a depth of 5,000 feet (1,500 m).

## Description

The tests (shells) of these sand dollars are round, flat and disc-like, typically measuring 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter. The growth rate for this animal is between 3.5 and 6 mm/yr in the latter 5 years of their lifespan, and the lifespan is typically around 8 years. The entire shell is also covered with maroon-colored moveable spines. The color is a purplish brown, becoming bleached white when deceased and washed ashore. This color occurs due to only the hard, calcified exoskeleton remaining, with further bleaching by sun and saltwater as it reaches the shore. As in other echinoderms, they have five-fold radial symmetry, with a petal-shaped structure, or petalidium, on the aboral surface. The feet containing small hair-like structures (cilia) are located on this surface.The mouth, food grooves, and anus are located on the bottom side of the animal.
This and other species of Echinarachnius have been around since the Pliocene epoch.

## Feeding

In terms of feeding, sand dollars are suspension feeders that rely on a specialized structure called Aristotle's Lantern. Their cilia create grooves on the underside of their body that funnel food particles like plankton, detritus, and microscopic organisms toward their central mouth. Their interlocking teeth, known as "doves," work together to grind and process food. This feeding strategy allows them to extract nutrients from the surrounding sediment and water. They are opportunistic feeders.

## Reproduction

The reproductive strategy of the common sand dollar includes both sexual and asexual methods, with the latter being particularly fascinating. Sand dollars typically reproduce sexually through external fertilization, where eggs and sperm are released into the water column. However, under certain conditions, particularly in the larval stage, sand dollars exhibit a form of asexual reproduction.
When faced with predation threats, sand dollar larvae can reproduce asexually through budding or fission. This response allows the larvae to split into smaller clones, which are less detectable by predators. The process not only increases the larvae's chances of survival but also enhances the population's ability to persist in predator-rich environments. This strategy is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to reduce predation pressure on vulnerable larvae.
# Catonella

Catonella is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae with one known species (Catonella morbi). Catonella morbi occur in the gingival crevice of humans.
# Flemming Ahlberg

Flemming Ahlberg (born 23 November 1946) is a Danish former footballer who participated in the 1972 Olympics in Munich.
Ahlberg, who later worked as an electrician, was voted Danish Player of the Year in 1976. He was also part of the Frem team that won the 1978 Danish Cup after playing three finals in a span of three months. Ahlberg participated in the last two finals and scored in the penalty shootout in the third.

## Honours
### Individual

* Danish Player of the Year: 1976

### Team

* Danish Cup: 1978 with Frem
# Cairo League

The Cairo League was an Official Egyptian football tournament. Before the start of Egyptian Premier League in its current form, the main competition was the Egypt Cup which started in 1922. The first season was played in 1922–23 and was won by Zamalek.

## History

Egyptian Football Association started its 1st league competition (1922) in the form of regional leagues (Cairo, Alexandria, Bahary and Canal). The competition was played along with the new league form (1948–1954) then finally stopped.
Over six teams participated in this league Zamalek, Al Ahly, Sekka, Tersana, Police, the Greek Club and others. The Championship was then held once more in (1957–58) but was then stopped again.

## Honours

List of the winners:
| Season | Winner |
| 1922–23 | Zamalek |
| 1923–24 | Sekka |
| 1924–25 | Al Ahly |
| 1925–26 | Sekka |
| 1926–27 | Al Ahly |
| 1927–28 | Al Ahly |
| 1928–29 | Zamalek |
| 1929–30 | Zamalek |
| 1930–31 | Al Ahly |
| 1931–32 | Zamalek |
| 1932–33 | Tersana |
| 1933–34 | Zamalek |
| 1934–35 | Al Ahly |
| 1935–36 | Al Ahly |
| 1936–37 | Al Ahly |
| 1937–38 | Al Ahly |
| 1938–39 | Al Ahly |
| 1939–40 | Zamalek |
| 1940–41 | Zamalek |
| 1941–42 | Al Ahly |
| 1942–43 | Al Ahly |
| 1943–44 | Zamalek |
| 1944–45 | Zamalek |
| 1945–46 | Al Ahly |
| 1946–47 | Zamalek |
| 1947–48 | Al Ahly |
| 1948–49 | Zamalek |
| 1949–50 | Al Ahly |
| 1950–51 | Zamalek |
| 1951–52 | Zamalek |
| 1952–53 | Zamalek |
| 1953–54 | Al Ahly |
| 1954–1957 | Not played |
| 1957–58 | Al Ahly |

## Performances

| Team | Titles |
| Al Ahly | 15 |
| Zamalek | 14 |
| Sekka | 2 |
| Tersana | 1 |
# Irula

Irula may refer to:
* Irulas, a scheduled tribe of the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, India
* Irula language, their Dravidian language
# Wymyślin

Wymyślin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kikół, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Kikół, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Lipno, and 33 km (21 mi) east of Toruń.
# Wójcin, Żnin County

Wójcin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żnin, within Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Wólka Komorowska

Wólka Komorowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Izbica Kujawska, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# KIKC (AM)

KIKC (1250 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a classic country format. Licensed to Forsyth, Montana, United States, the station is owned by P&A Media LLC.
The station went on the air in 1975 as a country music station owned by Gold Won Radio Corporation. After being sold to NEPSK Inc. in 1987 and Stephen Marks in 1996, KIKC became an oldies station in 2001, before returning to classic country in 2009. P&A Media bought the station in 2024.

## History

KIKC began broadcasting on October 10, 1975, airing a country music format, and was owned by Gold Won Radio Corporation. The station ran at 5,000 watts, and operated during daytime hours only. In 1986, its sister station 101.3 KXXE's call sign was changed to KIKC-FM, and it began simulcasting the programming of KIKC.
In 1987, the station was sold to NEPSK Inc., along with its FM sister station, for $252,500. NEPSK, which also owned television properties in Maine (WAGM-TV in Presque Isle and cable television systems in Aroostook County), was initially jointly owned by Thomas Shelburne III, Peter Kozloski, and Norman Johnson; in 1991, Kozloski took full control.
In 1996, the KIKC stations were sold to Stephen Marks for $300,000; he owned them through Miles City Forsyth Broadcasting. In June 2001, the station adopted an oldies format. On February 1, 2009, KIKC changed its format from oldies to classic country.
Stephen Marks died on May 11, 2022. Andrew Sturlaugson's P&A Media acquired Marks' Montana and North Dakota radio stations, including the KIKC stations, for $850,000 in 2024.
# Wąwał, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Wąwał is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubień Kujawski, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Lubień Kujawski, 30 km (19 mi) south-east of Włocławek, and 81 km (50 mi) south-east of Toruń.
# Wąwelno

Wąwelno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sośno, within Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Sośno, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Sępólno Krajeńskie, and 31 km (19 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.

## Notable residents

* Rudolf Bauer (artist)
# 26th People's Choice Awards

The 26th People's Choice Awards, honoring the best in popular culture for 1999, were held on January 9, 2000, taped live from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. They were hosted by Don Johnson and Cheech Marin, and broadcast on CBS.

## Awards

Winners are listed first, in bold.
| Favorite New TV Comedy | Favorite Female Musical Performer |
| Stark Raving Mad | Shania Twain |
| Favorite Motion Picture | Favorite Comedy Motion Picture |
| The Sixth Sense | Big Daddy |
| Favorite Male TV Performer | Favorite Male Musical Performer |
| Drew Carey – The Drew Carey Show | Ricky Martin |
| Favorite Musical Group Or Band | Favorite Motion Picture Star In A Drama |
| Backstreet Boys | Bruce Willis – The Sixth Sense |
| Favorite Female Performer In A New TV Series | Favorite Female TV Performer |
| Jennifer Love Hewitt – Time of Your Life | Calista Flockhart – Ally McBeal |
| Favorite Motion Picture Actor | Favorite TV Comedy |
| Harrison Ford | Friends |
| Favorite TV Drama | Favorite Motion Picture Actress |
| ER | Julia Roberts |
| Favorite Actor In A Comedy Motion Picture | Favorite Male Performer In A New TV Series |
| Adam Sandler – Big Daddy | Billy Campbell – Once and Again |
| Favorite New TV Dramatic Series | Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture |
| Providence | The Sixth Sense |
# 28th TNN/Music City News Country Awards

The 28th TNN/Music City News Country Awards was held on June 6, 1994, at the Grand Ole Opry House, in Nashville, Tennessee . The ceremony was hosted by Billy Dean, Waylon Jennings and Michelle Wright.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are shown in bold.
| Entertainer of the Year | Album of the Year |
| Alan Jackson Garth Brooks Vince Gill Reba McEntire George Strait | A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'Bout Love) — Alan Jackson A Bridge I Didn't Burn — Ricky Van Shelton Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles — Various Artists Easy Come, Easy Go — George Strait Honky Tonk Angels — Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, and Tammy Wynette |
| Female Artist of the Year | Male Artist of the Year |
| Lorrie Morgan Reba McEntire Tanya Tucker Wynonna Trisha Yearwood | Alan Jackson Billy Ray Cyrus Vince Gill Ricky Van Shelton George Strait |
| Vocal Group of the Year | Vocal Duo of the Year |
| The Statlers The Forester Sisters Matthews, Wright & King Oak Ridge Boys The Whites | Brooks & Dunn Bellamy Brothers Brother Phelps Darryl & Don Ellis Sweethearts of the Rodeo |
| Vocal Band of the Year | Vocal Collaboration of the Year |
| Sawyer Brown Alabama Confederate Railroad Diamond Rio Little Texas | Reba McEntire and Linda Davis Clint Black and Wynonna Alan Jackson and Keith Whitley Reba McEntire and Vince Gill Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, and Tammy Wynette |
| Single of the Year | Video of the Year |
| "Chattahoochee" — Alan Jackson "Does He Love You" — Reba McEntire and Linda Davis "I Love the Way You Love Me" — John Michael Montgomery "One More Last Chance" — Vince Gill "What Part of No" — Lorrie Morgan | "Chattahoochee" — Alan Jackson "A Couple of Good Years Left" — Ricky Van Shelton "Does He Love You" — Reba McEntire and Linda Davis "I Don't Call Him Daddy" — Doug Supernaw "One More Last Chance" — Vince Gill |
| Star of Tomorrow | Gospel Act of the Year |
| John Michael Montgomery Mark Chesnutt Billy Ray Cyrus Sammy Kershaw Aaron Tippin | Paul Overstreet Cumberland Boys Barbara Fairchild Susie Luchsinger Ricky Skaggs |
| Comedian of the Year | Instrumentalist of the Year |
| Ray Stevens Jerry Clower Jeff Foxworthy The Geezinslaw Brothers Lewis Grizzard | Vince Gill Chet Atkins Mark O'Connor Marty Stuart Steve Wariner |
| Living Legend Award ||
| Dolly Parton ||
| Minnie Pearl Award ||
| Dolly Parton ||
# 2nd Academy of Country and Western Music Awards

The 2nd Academy of Country and Western Music Awards ceremony was held on March 6, 1967, at The Beverly Hilton, Los Angeles, California. It was hosted by Lorne Greene.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are shown in bold.
| Top Female Vocalist of the Year | Top Male Vocalist of the Year |
| Bonnie Guitar Kay Adams Molly Bee Jonie Mosby Bonnie Owens | Merle Haggard Glen Campbell Roger Miller Buck Owens Wynn Stewart Tex Williams |
| Top Vocal Group of the Year | Song of the Year |
| Bonnie Owens and Merle Haggard The Canadian Sweethearts Everly Brothers Joe and Rose Lee Maphis Johnny and Jonie Mosby | "Apartment No. 9" — Fern Foley, Charles "Fuzzy" Owen, Johnny Paycheck "The Bottle Let Me Down" — Merle Haggard "Husbands and Wives" — Roger Miller "Swinging Doors" — Merle Haggard "Terrible Tangled Web" — Billy Mize "Waitin' in Your Welfare Line" — Buck Owens, Don Rich, Nat Stuckey |
| Most Promising Male Vocalist | Most Promising Female Vocalist |
| Billy Mize Bobby Austin Dick Curless Eddy Downs Glen Garrison Jerry Inman Red Simpson | Cathie Taylor Jeanne Black Faye Hardin Betty Foster Alice Rene |
| Most Promising Vocal Group | Band Leader/Band of the Year |
| Bob Morris & Faye Hardin Bobby Durham & Jeanie O'Neal The LeGarde Twins The Leightons Del & Sue Smart | The Buckaroos Carl Cotner Jerry Inman The Strangers The Tennesseans |
# West Parish Burying Ground

The West Parish Burying Ground, also known as the River Street Burying Ground or River Street Cemetery, is a cemetery located at River and Cherry streets in West Newton, Massachusetts, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Established in 1777, the cemetery is owned and maintained by the City of Newton; the Second Church in Newton, its original owner, was known as the West Parish.

## Description and history

The cemetery occupies a roughly rectangular plot about 1.6 acres (0.65 ha) in size at the northwest corner of River and Cherry Streets, just north of the village center of West Newton. The street sides of the property are bounded by a low fieldstone wall, which is topped by a distinctive wrought iron cross-link fence. The entrance, on River Street, is marked by dressed granite posts, and is secured by a chain-link gate. There is no paved interior circulation lane, but a rectilinear grid of pathways is discernible in the landscape. The cemetery is divided into a combination of family plots and single plots, with headstones generally oriented facing west. When surveyed in 2004, there were 170 grave markers, down from about 200 at the turn of the 20th century.
Newton was first settled in 1660, was incorporated as a town in 1688, and as a city in 1873. Its first parish meetinghouse, with accompanying cemetery, were located in what is now Newton Corner. By the mid-18th century the population in western Newton had grown to the point of meriting a separate parish. The Second Church in Newton was established in 1778, and this burying ground was formally established in 1781. Its earliest burials, however, took place in 1777, with at least five members of the Fuller family, who gave the land, interred there. The Fuller family is buried in one of several tomb mounds that dot the landscape. Use of the cemetery declined significantly after the large Newton Cemetery was established in 1855 (in the then-popular rural cemetery style), and its last recorded burial was in 1891. The cemetery was transferred from the parish to the city in the 1880s. The city made a detailed record of the cemetery, including its burials, layout, and landscaping, in 1901.
The cemetery is owned today by the City of Newton. Historic Newton manages the preservation of the graves and tombs of Newton's City-owned historic burying grounds. The burying grounds are not open to the public.

## Notable grave sites

* Rev. William Greenough, died November 10, 1831, first pastor of the Second Church in Newton.
# Planetary Observer program

The Planetary Observer program is a cancelled space exploration program designed by NASA to provide cheaper planetary orbiters by using Earth-orbiting satellite components and technology, using solar panels for power, and a common spacecraft bus platform for all Planetary Observer-class probes. Only one spacecraft of this class was eventually constructed—the Mars Observer.

## History

After the flagship multibillion-dollar missions of the 1970s, in the 1980s NASA was looking for a new, more affordable direction for the 1990s and beyond. Two projects were conceived by NASA's Solar System Exploration Committee in 1983, the Planetary Observer program and Mariner Mark II. The Observer program, starting with Mars Observer, was envisioned as a series of low-cost missions to the inner Solar System, based on commercial Earth satellites. The Mariner Mark II, on the other hand, was to be a series of large spacecraft for the exploration of the outer Solar System.
The first Planetary Observer spacecraft to be approved was Mars Observer, in 1985. Lunar Observer (LO), proposed for a 1997 launch, would have been sent into a long-term lunar orbit at 60 miles above the Moon's poles. The Mercury Observer (MO) was also proposed for a 1997 launch. However, congressionally imposed reductions to FY 1992-93 funding requirements forced NASA to terminate the Planetary Observer program, with just Mars Observer funded.

### Mars Observer

Mars Observer was a robotic spacecraft designed to study the geoscience and climate of Mars. The first of the proposed Observer series of planetary missions, it was launched by NASA on September 25, 1992. Three days before Mars Observer was scheduled to enter the orbit of Mars, contact with the spacecraft was lost. Attempts to re-establish communication with the spacecraft were unsuccessful.
A few photographs were indeed taken, and these were the bulk of data collected.
* First image of Mars taken by MOC on July 27, 1993.
* Second MOC image of Mars, acquired one hour after the first.
* One of few wide-angle images by Mars Observer that were in color.
* Jupiter as imaged by MOC en route to Mars.

### Lunar Observer

The Lunar Observer program was started with an estimated budget of US$500–700 million. The proposed orbit was 70 km (43 mi) above the surface. The Lunar Observer spacecraft garnered some attention from the Soviet Union, and there was a suggestion that they might cooperate with NASA to field some instruments for it.
Lunar Observer was proposed for FY1991 at US$188 million by President George H.W. Bush.
# Nicholson Peak

Nicholson Peak, at 11,040 feet (3,360 m) above sea level is a peak in the Lemhi Range of Idaho located in Butte County in Salmon-Challis National Forest. It is about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) west-northwest of Little Diamond Peak and 2 mi (3.2 km) southwest of Shoshone John Peak. It is the 98th highest peak in Idaho.