# Roesia de Verdun

Roesia de Verdun (c. 1204 - 10 February 1247), also spelled Rohese and Rose, was a Norman femme sole and one of the most powerful women of Ireland in the 13th century.

## Biography

Very little is known about the early life of Roesia de Verdun before her marriage. de Verdun was the daughter of Nicholas de Verdun of Alton, Staffordshire and Clementia, daughter and heir of Philip le Boteler, through whom Clementia brought the estates of Stoke Farthing and Wilsford to the de Verduns. She was also the widow of William Perceval de Somery. The agreement to marry occurred on 4 September 1225. She was the second wife of Theobald le Botiller. As his second wife her five children were not heirs to his lands but they were eligible to be heirs to hers so she and they retained her family name.
When her husband died at Poitou in 1230 during the English invasion of France, de Verdun claimed her inheritances and paid the taxes to be allowed remain unmarried. She applied to be a femme sole and retain her independence. The king authorised Maurice FitzGerald to grant to her her lands in April 1233. She built Castleroche, seven miles northwest of Dundalk, in 1236 to defend her lands. She gained a strong and powerful reputation. However she was also very pious. de Verdun founded the Augustinian priory of Grace Dieu Priory in Leicestershire in 1239. As time went on however the pressure to marry again increased until de Verdun decided to become a nun. By 1242, she was a member of the community at Grace Dieu. Her son inherited fully in 1247 when she died. Though originally buried at the priory, in the aftermath of the dissolution of the monasteries, the villagers of Belton reburied her in their parish church.

## Stories

After the building of her castle on the edge of the Irish frontier de Verdun garnered a violent reputation. de Verdun was said to have been a ferocious fighter and wore body armour. Stories were told of her riding into battle against her enemies, the O'Hanlons. There were also fictional tales around the building of the castle. She was said to have ordered the master mason thrown from one of the castle windows to prevent his working for anyone else, causing it to be known as the ‘murder window’. de Verdun is one of the women of Through Her Eyes by Clodagh Finn.

## Children

* John de Verdun, (1226–1274) who inherited the western part of the Lordship of Meath in virtue of his marriage to Margery de Lacy, daughter of Gilbert de Lacy (by his wife Isabel, daughter of Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk), son of Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath who outlived his son, and Margaret de Braose, Lady of Trim. Gilbert's daughters therefore became heiresses to their grandfather Walter de Lacy's estates. Margery's sister and co-heiress was Maud (or 'Mathilda') de Lacy, wife of Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville.
* Matilda (otherwise 'Maud') de Verdun, (d. 27 November 1283) who married firstly John FitzAlan, feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry and de jure Earl of Arundel. Maud de Verdun married secondly Richard d'Amundeville
* Isabella de Verdon
* Nicholas de Verdon
* Theobald de Verdon

## References and sources

* ↑ Hagger, Mark: The Fortunes of a Norman Family: The de Verduns in England, Ireland and Wales, 1066-131 (Four Courts Press, 2001). Additional source ref for inheritance of Stoke Farthing: Curia Regis Rolls, 17, no. 1462
* 1 2 "Articles - Roesia de Verdun". Women's Museum of Ireland. 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
* 1 2 Finn, C. (2019). Through Her Eyes: A New History of Ireland in 21 Women. Gill Books. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-7171-8321-0. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
* 1 2 Brown, D. (2016). Hugh de Lacy, First Earl of Ulster: Rising and Falling in Angevin Ireland. Irish historical monographs series. Boydell Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-78327-134-4. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
* ↑ Potter, T.R. (1842). The History and Antiquities of Charnwood Forest: With an Appendix on the Geology, Botany and Ornithology of the District. Hamilton, Adams. p. 166. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
* ↑ Dugdale, W. (1846). Monasticon Anglicanum...a History of the Abbies and Other Monasteries...and Cathedral and Collegiate Churches...in England and Wales. Monasticon Anglicanum...a History of the Abbies and Other Monasteries...and Cathedral and Collegiate Churches...in England and Wales. Bohn. p. 564–IA7. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
* ↑ "Roesia de Verdun and the building of Castleroche" (PDF).
* 1 2 Roddy, Margaret (26 October 2019). "Book celebrates woman who built Roche Castle - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
* 1 2 Gillian Kenny (2008). "The Women of County Louth in the Later Medieval Period, 1170-1540". Journal of the County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society. 26 (4): 579–594. JSTOR 27730023.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Gee, L.L. (2002). Women, Art, and Patronage from Henry III to Edward III: 1216-1377. Boydell Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-85115-861-7. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
* ↑ Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem - Edward I https://www.british-history.ac.uk/inquis-post-mortem/vol2/pp323-332