OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hermann Paucksch

Hermann Johann Gottlieb Paucksch (13 April 1816, Landsberg an der Warthe - 5 March 1899, Landsberg an der Warthe) was a German mechanical engineering contractor and manufacturer.

## Biography

He was born to Johann Gottlieb Paucksch, a Master Turner, and his wife Dorothea, née Jabelt. As he grew up, he learned the trade of a brass worker. While still young, he married and had a large family. In 1843, he and his father started a mechanical engineering workshop. In 1863, he took a partner (Johann Heinrich Freund, otherwise unknown), becoming "Paucksch & Freund" and producing steam boilers.
In 1874, anticipating passage of the "Sozialgesetzgebung [de]" (social legislation) proposed by Otto von Bismarck, he set up a pension and disability fund for his employees and provided it with an initial fund of 5,000 Thalers. Each employee then made an annual contribution of two Thalers. Three years later, he had a small castle built just outside Landsberg, known as the "Villa Paucksch". It later served briefly as a hospital, then was home to the "Grodzki House of Culture" until 2014. It has been named an "object of cultural heritage" by the Polish government.
In 1884, his eldest son became Technical Director. Four years later, the company was converted to a stock corporation. In 1893, there was a major fire at the factory and he retired, leaving the company's operation to his sons. At its height, it produced steam boilers, steam engines, ship steam engines, gas engines, diesel engines, turbines, transmissions, mash and water pumps, steam cutting mills, complete alcohol distilleries and drying systems.
He was a member of the Landsberg City Parliament, under the Prussian three-class franchise, and was made an honorary citizen. In 1896 he showed his gratitude to the city by donating a fountain, created by Cuno von Uechtritz-Steinkirch, one of the sculptors working on the Siegesallee who, in 1901, would also create a monument to Paucksch on the main city bridge. Both works were melted down for use as war materiel during World War II. In 1997, a replica of the fountain was created, with donations from former German residents. The recreation was carried out by the Polish sculptor, Zofia Bilińska [pl].

## Sources

* Hermann Paucksch, biography @ Gorzów Wielkopolski
* H. Paucksch A.G., Maschinenbauanstalt, Eisengießerei und Dampfkesselfabrik, timeline by Albert Gieseler @ Kraft- und Dampfmaschinen
# Myrmosicarius

Myrmosicarius is a genus of flies in the family Phoridae.

## Species

* M. biarticulatus Borgmeier, 1931
* M. brandaoi Disney, 2006
* M. catharinensis Borgmeier, 1928
* M. cristobalensis Disney, 2006
* M. crudelis Borgmeier, 1928
* M. cuspidatus Borgmeier, 1928
* M. diabolicus Borgmeier, 1931
* M. gonzalezae Disney, 2006
* M. gracilipes Borgmeier, 1928
* M. grandicornis Borgmeier, 1928
* M. infestans Borgmeier, 1931
* M. longipalpis Disney, 2006
* M. persecutor Borgmeier, 1931
* M. simplex Borgmeier & Prado, 1975
* M. tarsipennis Borgmeier, 1928
* M. texanus (Greene, 1938)
# Millook

Millook is a deep coastal valley and hamlet in the parish of Poundstock, on the north coast of Cornwall, England.
In 2014 the cliffs at Millook Haven were voted by the Geological Society of London as one of Britain's top 10 geological sites, leading the "folding and faulting" category. The cliffs display an impressive series of recumbent chevron folds, in Carboniferous age killas of inter-bedded sandstones and shales, originally deposited in deep water. The stony beach is popular with surfers despite there being few parking spaces and the South West Coast Path passes through the seaward end of the valley. The ancient semi-natural woodland has been described as the best ravine wood in Cornwall and along with the coast is within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

## Millook Valley Woods

The 60.67 ha (149.9 acres) woodland runs roughly north-south from the A39 at Wainhouse Corner to the coast at Millook Haven. It consists of four separate properties now owned by the Woodland Trust; Crannow Coombe and Lundy Woods, Tamps and Landy, Trebarfoote and Trengayor Copse, as well as some private owners. With the exception of Trebarfoote the woods are mainly on the western slopes of the valley. Described in a 1993 report to the JNCC as the “best ravine wood in Cornwall” the site was previously listed as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Most of the woods are ancient semi-natural woodland but only Trebarfoote and the valley bottoms are officially designated as such. When compared to the Ordnance Survey map published in the 1930s the woodland is now much larger.

### Flora and fauna

Adjacent to the streams there is a wet alluvial soil and willow carr. The trees in the valley bottoms are mainly old coppice and maiden oak (Quercus petraea) with some ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). On the mid to upper slopes there is increasing amounts of sycamore with a mixture of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) on clayey loam, and at the top invading bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and gorse (Ulex europaeus). The surrounding area is mainly agricultural. Other tree species found are alder (Alnus glutinosa) in the wetter areas and a few small areas of wild cherry (Prunus avium) and wild service (Sorbus torminalis). Aspen (Populus tremula) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) on old boundary hedges are presumed to be planted.
# Threonine operon leader

The threonine operon leader is an RNA element. Threonine is one of at least 6 amino acid operons are known to be regulated by attenuation. In each a leader sequence of 150–200 bp is found upstream of the first gene in the operon. This leader sequence can assume two different secondary structures known as the terminator and the anti-terminator structure. In each case the leader also codes for very short peptide sequence that is rich in the end product amino acid of the operon. The terminator structure is recognised as a termination signal for RNA polymerase and the operon is not transcribed. This structure forms when the cell has an excess of the regulatory amino acid and ribosome movement over the leader transcript is not impeded. When there is a deficiency of the charged tRNA of the regulatory amino acid the ribosome translating the leader peptide stalls and the antiterminator structure can form. This allows RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon.
# Hecmanville

Hecmanville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.
# Asger Svendsen

Asger Svendsen (born 22 July 1942) is a Danish bassoonist. Apart from teaching at the RDAM, he became a professor at the Music Academy in Malmö, Sweden where he is in addition leader of the woodwind education.
He was educated at the Royal Danish Academy of Music (RDAM) as a bassoonist and pianist.
Has played in most major Danish orchestras, including being solo bassoonist in the Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra.
# Pedro Beltrán Espantoso

Pedro Gerardo María Beltrán Espantoso (17 February 1897 – 16 February 1979), was a Peruvian journalist, economist and politician. From 1959 to 1961, he was the Prime Minister and Minister of Finance under Manuel Prado Ugarteche.
Beltrán was a longtime owner and publisher of La Prensa.
Beltrán was the Peruvian Ambassador to the United States from 1944 to 1945. He became president of the Central Reserve Bank in 1948 and served until 1950.
# OCL Industrial Township

OCL Industrial Township is an industrial township in Rajgangpur, Sundargarh district in the Indian state of Odisha. It is home to a plant owned by OCL India, Ltd., formerly Odisha Cement, Ltd.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, OCL Industrial Township had a population of 2197. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. OCL Industrial Township has an average literacy rate of 89%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 90%, and female literacy is 87%. In OCL Industrial Township, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Two Sicilies ducat

The ducat was the main currency of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies between 1816 and 1860. When the Congress of Vienna created the kingdom merging the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily, the ducat became at par a continuation of the Neapolitan ducat and the Sicilian piastra issued prior to 1816, although the Sicilian piastra had been subdivided into 240 grana. In the mainland part of the kingdom, the ducat also replaced the Napoleonic lira.

## History

The subdivision and the coinage of the currency were simplified with respect to the pre-Napoleonic era: only three denominations survived. The ducat proper was the name of the gold coins, and curiously it did not exist as a single unit; the grana (singular: grano) was the name of the silver coins, itself also not existing as a single unit; the tornesel (Italian: tornese) was the name of the copper coins, which were worth half a grana. Accounts were kept in ducats, each of 100 grana or 200 tornesels.
The piastra was the unofficial name of the biggest silver coin, which had a value of 120 grana. When the Italian lira replaced the coinage of the House of Bourbon in 1861, a rate of 1 piastra = 5.1 lire was established.

## Coins

Copper coins were issued in denominations of 1⁄2, 1, 1+1⁄2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 10 tornesels, together with silver 5, 10, 20, 60 and 120 grana coins, the largest being unofficially called piastra. Gold coins were issued for 3, 6, 15 and 30 ducats.
# Nicholas Lechmere Charlton

Nicholas Lechmere Charlton (18 December 1733 – 20 March 1807), known as Nicholas Lechmere until 1784, was a British politician, MP for Worcester in 1774.
Lechmere was the son of Edmund Lechmere MP (1710–1805), and his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Blunden Charlton, 3rd Bt. Edmund Lechmere MP (1747–1798) was Lechmere's younger brother; Sir Anthony Lechmere, 1st Bt. (1766–1849) was his younger half-brother.
He was educated by Mr. Graham at Hackney, and matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1751.
Previously a Captain in the 3rd Foot Guards, he was appointed Colonel of the Worcestershire Militia when that regiment was re-established on 17 June 1770. He resigned the command in 1794.
Following the death in 1773 of Henry Crabb-Boulton, MP for Worcester, Thomas Bates Rous was elected to take his seat in a by-election. However, Rous was unseated on petition for bribery, and in the resulting by-election in February 1774, Lechmere was elected. He was counted by the government as a supporter. He did not contest the October 1774 general election, at which Rous retook the seat.
He succeeded to the estates of his uncle Sir Francis Charlton, 4th Bt., and took the additional name Charlton, in 1784.
He resided at Ludford, where for 24 years he was a colonel in the Worcester Militia.
He died on 20 March 1807.

## Family

He married Susanna, daughter of Jesson Case of Powick. They had two sons and a daughter:
* Edmund Lechmere Charlton MP (1789–1845)
* Francis Lechmere Charlton (1790–1857)
* Emma Lechmere Charlton (died 1809)
# Na Sing

Na Sing is a sub-district (tambon) in Si Wilai District, in Bueng Kan Province, northeastern Thailand. As of 2010, it had a population of 6470 people, with jurisdiction over eight villages.
# Threonine protease

Threonine proteases are a family of proteolytic enzymes harbouring a threonine (Thr) residue within the active site. The prototype members of this class of enzymes are the catalytic subunits of the proteasome, however, the acyltransferases convergently evolved the same active site geometry and mechanism.

## Mechanism

Threonine proteases use the secondary alcohol of their N-terminal threonine as a nucleophile to perform catalysis. The threonine must be N-terminal since the terminal amine of the same residue acts as a general base by polarising an ordered water which deprotonates the alcohol to increase its reactivity as a nucleophile.
Catalysis takes place in two steps:
* Firstly the nucleophile attacks the substrate to form a covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate, releasing the first product.
* Secondly the intermediate is hydrolysed by water to regenerate the free enzyme and release the second product.
** In ornithine acyltransferase, instead of water, the substrate ornithine (the acceptor) performs the second nucleophilic attack and so leaves with the acyl group.

## Classification and evolution

Five families belonging to two separate superfamilies are currently recognised: the Ntn fold proteosomes (superfamily PB) and the DOM fold ornithine acyltransferases (superfamily PE). The two superfamilies represent two independent, convergent evolutions of the same active site.
| Superfamily | Threonine protease families | Examples |
| PB clan | T1, T2, T3, T6 | archaean proteasome, beta component (Thermoplasma acidophilum) |
| PE clan | T5 | ornithine acetyltransferase (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
# Aminpur Union

Aminpur is a union, the smallest administrative body of Bangladesh, located in Sonargaon Upazila, Narayanganj District, Bangladesh. The total population is 23,627.
In April 2020, the family planning inspector of Aminpur Union was suspended for violating COVID-19 lockdown by holding a wedding ceremony for himself.
# Paradiž

Paradiž may refer to:
* Paradiž, Slovenia, a village near Cirkulane
* Paradiž, Croatia, a village near Sveta Nedelja
# Nora Nash

Nora Nash is a Sister of St. Francis of Philadelphia and shareholder activist. She is a member of the Philadelphia Coalition for Responsible Investment as well as the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR). Nash is also a speaker at Neumann University and other universities on justice and advocacy.

## Early life

Nash grew up in Limerick County, Ireland. In her early life, Nash dreamed of becoming a missionary in Africa, but in 1959, she arrived in Pennsylvania to join the Sisters of St. Francis, an order founded in 1855 by Mother Francis Bachmann, a Bavarian immigrant focused on social justice. Nash took her Franciscan vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience two years later, in 1961.

## Shareholder advocacy

Nash is the director of corporate responsibility for the Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia.

### Wells Fargo

On April 24, 2017, Mercury news reported that Nash was a co-filer of a resolution that demanded that Wells Fargo's board order a comprehensive report about the root causes of the bank's fraudulent activity in a September 2016 scandal involving unauthorized cross-selling and the creation of fake accounts, and the steps taken to improve risk management and control processes.

### Exxon Mobil

Nash was part of a group of investors, who in 2017, put forth a historic climate-change resolution at ExxonMobil which was passed with 62 percent of shareholders voting "yes". ExxonMobil board had recommended voting against the resolution.

## Awards and recognition

Nash has been recognized by the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility as well as in a November 12, 2011 profile in the New York Times which referred to Nash as "one of the most surprising" corporate activists for her shareholder advocacy work.
# Two Sicilies (disambiguation)

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is a historic country.
Two Sicilies may also refer to:
* a title of the House of Bourbon
* the Two Sicilies independence movement
* a translation of the geographical expression Utriusque Siciliae, the name of a land including the ancient territories of the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily
* the Two Sicilies national football team
* Southern Italy, also known as the region of Two Sicilies, approximately the region that comprised the Kingdom
# Brett's hypothesis

Brett's hypothesis also known as the heat-invariant hypothesis or Brett's heat-invariant hypothesis proposes that upper thermal tolerance limits are less variable geographically than lower thermal tolerance limits. This hypothesis was originally proposed for fish but lately has been supported by studies with reptiles, amphibians, and aquatic insects. Three different mechanisms are proposed for the existence of this large-scale pattern of thermal tolerance limits variation:
* A constrained evolutionary potential of upper thermal tolerance limits
* The buffering effects of thermoregulatory behaviour has greater potential to face heat rather than cold stress
* Resolution of thermal data used

## Global versus local scales in Brett's hypothesis

While Brett's hypothesis has been strongly supported at global scales, heat tolerance seems to respond differently to smaller-scale climatic and habitat factors. For instance, lizards from the Iberian Peninsula show higher variation in upper thermal tolerance limits than in lower thermal tolerance limits. Similar results are found in adult frogs, tadpoles, and dragonfly larvae at local scales.
# Neighbours: The Music

Neighbours: The Music is a soundtrack album to the Australian soap opera Neighbours. It was released in Australia in 2003 on a dual disc CD and DVD set.

## Background and release

"Neighbours: The Music" was released via Sony Records and features an audio CD with seventeen tracks, plus a DVD containing ten videos.

## Reception

Cameron Adams of the Herald Sun gave Neighbours: The Music three stars out of five. He advised skipping the CD, quipping "hearing Selwyn would drive vegetarian Harold Bishop to steak". But he recommended the DVD, stating "There's a bogan Kylie, and Holly Valance naked in two videos – one showering away the filth of appearing in a Human Nature clip. Elsewhere, there's Delta, Jason, Craig McLachlan, not-so-wonderful twins Gayle and Gillian (above) and Stefan Dennis's truly noxious 'Don't it Make You Feel Good', soap pop's absolute low point."
# Nacoleia obliqualis

Nacoleia obliqualis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
Adults are brown with dark patches at the margin and the base of the wings.
# Trapanese

Trapanese is an Italian surname, meaning literally "Trapanese", "from the city of Trapani or "from the province of Trapani" and may refer to:
* Joseph Trapanese (born 1984), American composer
* Rita Trapanese (1951–2000), Italian figure skater
# Oaxacagale

Oaxacagale is an extinct weasel genus of Mustelidae that lived in the Eocene in North America. It is thought to have resembled the extant Mustela frenata.

## Fossils

The skull of Oaxacagale was found in Mexico in Yolomécatl Formation and is estimated to be 40.3 million years old. It was found in the same fossil-bearing unit as Douglassciurus oaxacaensi and Protozetamys mixtecus.
Species of Oaxacagale :
| Species | Time span | Author | Discovered |
| Oaxacagale ruizi | Late Eocene | Ferrusquía-Villafranca & Wang | 2021 |
# Paradiž, Sveta Nedelja

Paradiž is a village in the municipality of Sveta Nedelja, Istria in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 70.
# Awake Zion

Awake Zion is a 2005 documentary by Monica Haim that explores the connection between Jews and Rastafarians.

## Synopsis

In Awake Zion, Haim travels from Manhattan to Jamaica and Israel, interviewing Rastafarians and rabbis to highlight similarities between their worldviews. Haim, a young Jewish woman, says she first perceived a connection between Jews and Rastafarians at a reggae concert.
Haim interviews Super Dane, an African American DJ in the Brooklyn reggae scene, who is shocked by Matisyahu, a Hasidic reggae artist from White Plains, New York. The film also features Jamaican-born Israeli rapper Yehoshua Sofer.

## Response

Most reviews of Awake Zion emphasize the documentary's social conscience in trying to bridge a gap between two seemingly different cultures. Rather than being scholarly, Haim's tone is described as "gently irreverent".
# Noisy-sur-École

Noisy-sur-École (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants are called Noisséens in French.
# Heteromer

A heteromer is something that consists of different parts; the antonym of homomeric. Examples are:

## Biology

* Spinal neurons that pass over to the opposite side of the spinal cord.
* A protein complex that contains two or more different polypeptides.

## Pharmacology

* Ligand-gated ion channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and GABA$_A$ receptor are composed of five subunits arranged around a central pore that opens to allow ions to pass through. There are many different subunits available that can come together in a wide variety of combinations to form different subtypes of the ion channel. Sometimes the channel can be made from only one type of subunit, such as the α7 nicotinic receptor, which is made up from five α7 subunits, and so is a homomer rather than a heteromer, but more commonly several different types of subunit will come together to form a heteromeric complex (e.g., the α4β2 nicotinic receptor, which is made up from two α4 subunits and three β2 subunits). Because the different ion channel subtypes are expressed to different extents in different tissues, this allows selective modulation of ion transport and means that a single neurotransmitter can produce varying effects depending on where in the body it is released.
* G protein-coupled receptors are composed of seven membrane-spanning alpha-helical segments that are usually linked together into a single folded chain to form the receptor complex. However, research has demonstrated that a number of GPCRs are also capable of forming heteromers from a combination of two or more individual GPCR subunits under some circumstances, especially where several different GPCRs are densely expressed in the same neuron. Such heteromers may be between receptors from the same family (e.g., adenosine A$_1$/A$_{2A}$ heteromers and dopamine D$_1$/D$_2$ and D$_1$/D$_3$ heteromers) or between entirely unrelated receptors such as CB$_1$/A$_{2A}$, glutamate mGluR$_5$ / adenosine A$_{2A}$ heteromers, cannabinoid CB$_1$ / dopamine D$_2$ heteromers, and even CB$_1$/A$_{2A}$/D$_2$ heterotrimers where three different receptors have come together to form a heteromer. The ligand binding properties and intracellular trafficking pathways of GPCR heteromers usually show elements from both parent receptors, but may also produce quite unexpected pharmacological effects, making such heteromers an important focus of current research.
# Bretsch

Bretsch is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Altmärkische Höhe.
* This Stendal district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Charles Landon

Charles Landon may refer to:
* Charles Landon (cricketer) (1850–1903), English cricketer
* Charles N. Landon (1878–1937), American illustrator
* Charles Paul Landon (1760–1826), French paint
# Newbury, Kent

Newbury is a hamlet near the village of Erriottwood, in the Swale district, in the county of Kent, England. It is south of the town of Sittingbourne, and in the far south of Tonge civil parish, on the boundary with Rodmersham parish. The OS grid reference is TQ9260.