OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Newark Torc

53°04′51″N 0°50′04″W﻿ / ﻿53.080827°N 0.834374°W﻿ / 53.080827; -0.834374
The Newark Torc is a complete Iron Age gold alloy torc found by a metal detectorist on the outskirts of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England, in February 2005.
The torc is made from electrum, an alloy of gold, silver and copper, weighs 700 grammes (1.5 lbs) and is 20 cm in diameter. The body is formed from rolled gold alloy wires, which had then been plaited into eight thin ropes then twisted together. The terminals are ring-shaped and bear floral and point-work designs. The torc was probably made in Norfolk. It is closely similar to one found at Sedgeford, north Norfolk – so much so that one expert has suggested that they might have been made by the same craftsman. The torc had been buried in a pit, and as such is considered a hoarded item rather than a stray loss. The reason for its deposition is uncertain, although Jeremy Hill, head of research at the British Museum, speculated that it might have been buried "possibly as an offering to the gods."
   "[It is] probably the most significant find of Iron Age Celtic gold jewellery made in the last 50 years ... [it] shows an incredibly high level of technological skill in working the metal and a really high level of artistry. It is an extraordinary object." Jeremy Hill.
The torc has been dated to between 250 and 50 BC, and is thought to have been buried in around 75 BC. The torc was found by Maurice Richardson, a tree surgeon, while he was metal detecting in a field.
The torc was declared treasure trove in 2005 and purchased in 2006 for Newark's Millgate Museum, with significant grant aid from the National Heritage Memorial Fund.
# Heart of Gold Band

The Heart of Gold Band is an American rock band formed by Keith and Donna Jean Godchaux in 1980 following their departure from the Grateful Dead. The band took its name from a line in the Dead song "Scarlet Begonias".

## Original Run

The Heart of Gold Band was formed in early 1980, shortly after Keith and Donna Godchaux had left the Grateful Dead in 1979. Other founding members of the group were guitarist Steve Kimock, drummer Greg Anton, bassist Dexter LaBlanc, and vocalist Greta Rose. Keith Godchaux was killed in a car accident on July 23, 1980, just a few days after the band's first gig. The band continued on for another year, adding keyboardist Mark Adler and replacing Dexter LaBlanc with Donna Godchaux's future husband, David MacKay, before disbanding.
A self-titled CD was released in 1998, containing 13 tracks recorded by the original band, 11 of them prior to Keith Godchaux's death.

## Reformation

The band was reformed in 2004 when Donna Godchaux and her husband, David MacKay, were looking to form a band. They originally intended to call the group "Godchaux MacKay", but drummer Greg Anton got involved and the group was named the Heart of Gold Band. Also involved in the reconfigured group are former keyboardist Mark Adler, percussionist Russ Randolf, Keith and Donna's son Zion Godchaux, Keith's brother Brian Godchaux, and Kinsman MacKay, the son of Donna and David MacKay. The reunited band released At The Table in 2004 on their own Heart of Gold Records.
The group has largely been on hiatus since its reformation in 2004. For a while Donna Jean Godchaux-MacKay performed with the Donna Jean Godchaux Band.
On August 1, 2016 in celebration of Jerry Garcia's birthday the band reunited for a performance at Sweetwater Music Hall in Mill Valley, CA. Donna Jean Godchaux Mackay, Steve Kimock, Greg Anton, David Mackay, Mookie Siegel and Brian Godchaux were joined for several songs by Donna's former Grateful Dead bandmate, Bob Weir. A high fidelity multi-track recording of the entire concert was published in April 2017.
# She Done Him Right (1940 film)

She Done Him Right is a 1940 American comedy film directed by William Beaudine. It was released by Dixie National Pictures Inc..
# Ayan Virusampatti

Virusampatti (Village ID 642370) is a village located at 9.11°N 78.25°E, in Tamil Nadu, India. According to the 2011 census it has a population of 1288 living in 343 households. Its main agriculture product is chilli growing.
# Hanuman Tok

Hanuman Tok is a Hindu temple complex which is located in the upper reaches of Gangtok, the capital of the Indian state of Sikkim. The temple is dedicated to lord Hanuman, and maintained by the Indian army. It was established in 1952.

## Legends

According to the local legends, when Hanuman was flying to Dunagiri (mountain) which had the life saving herb Sanjeevani to save Lord Rama's brother Lakshmana, he rested in the spot for some time where his temple now lies.
# Ski Cooper

Ski Cooper is an alpine ski resort in Colorado, one of the oldest in the state. Opened as Cooper Hill Ski Area in 1942, the ski area served as the training site for the 10th Mountain Division, based at nearby Camp Hale during World War II.
The resort is owned by Lake County and managed by Cooper Hill Ski Area, a 501(c)4 nonprofit with a volunteer board. Dan Torsell has served as the general manager since 2012.

## Location

Ski Cooper is located at Tennessee Pass, at the dividing line between the San Isabel National Forest and the White River National Forest, near Leadville.

## Description

Ski Cooper markets itself as a family resort because of its affordability and accessibility. It is among the most affordable ski areas in the state, second to only Howelsen Hill in Steamboat Springs.
The resort has 64 runs of varying difficulty serviced by two chairlifts (one Hall/CTEC double and one Poma triple), one Doppelmayr platter lift, one Leitner t-bar, and one Magic Carpet conveyor lift. It has ample beginner and intermediate terrain, along with tree and glade skiing, ungroomed and mogul terrain, all with exclusively natural snow. Dining options at the resort include a cafeteria, an Irish pub, a Taproom, and a restaurant in a mountaintop yurt. Equipment rental and a retail store are also available on the property.
Ski Cooper is home to the Chicago Ridge Snowcat Tours which provides access to backcountry glades and powder bowls. The resort has an active alpine race department, and has also been known to host Ski & Snowboard Cross NorAm level races.

## History

The Cooper Hill Ski Area, as it was then known, was founded in 1942. That year, the US Army selected the area to serve as the 10th Mountain Division training site because of its proximity to the Pando rail station. Ski Cooper opened to the public as a ski resort in the postwar period and continues to host a Memorial Day celebration for the World War II veterans of the 10th Mountain Division.
In January 2020, the resort expanded with the opening of the Tennessee Creek Basin Area.
# XEFRTM-AM

XEFRTM-AM is a radio station on 770 AM in Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico. It is owned by GlobalMedia and is known as W Radio with programming from W Radio. The transmitter site is located southwest of Zacatecas.

## History

XEFRTM was awarded in the IFT-4 radio auction of 2017 and is one of three stations GlobalMedia companies obtained in the auction. The frequency had previously been occupied by XEIH-AM, which migrated to FM as XHIH-FM 103.3.
# Charles Chapman (British Army officer)

Colonel Charles Chapman (died 2 August 1795) was Commander-in-Chief, India.

## Military career

Educated at Balliol College, Oxford, Chapman served as commanding officer of the 3rd European Regiment in Bengal before becoming Commander-in-Chief, India in December 1773.
He became discredited as an elderly officer whose chief aim was to recoup his gambling losses and was forced from office in January 1774. He retired to Bath and died in 1795.
# NAD+ kinase

NAD$^+$ kinase (EC 2.7.1.23, NADK) is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD$^+$) into NADP$^+$ through phosphorylating the NAD$^+$ coenzyme. NADP$^+$ is an essential coenzyme that is reduced to NADPH primarily by the pentose phosphate pathway to provide reducing power in biosynthetic processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis and nucleotide synthesis. The structure of the NADK from the archaean Archaeoglobus fulgidus has been determined.
In humans, the genes NADK and MNADK encode NAD$^+$ kinases localized in cytosol and mitochondria, respectively. Similarly, yeast have both cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms, and the yeast mitochondrial isoform accepts both NAD$^+$ and NADH as substrates for phosphorylation.

## Reaction

The reaction catalyzed by NADK is
    ATP + NAD$^+$ $\rightleftharpoons$ ADP + NADP$^+$

## Mechanism

NADK phosphorylates NAD$^+$ at the 2’ position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. It is highly selective for its substrates, NAD and ATP, and does not tolerate modifications either to the phosphoryl acceptor, NAD, or the pyridine moiety of the phosphoryl donor, ATP. NADK also uses metal ions to coordinate the ATP in the active site. In vitro studies with various divalent metal ions have shown that zinc and manganese are preferred over magnesium, while copper and nickel are not accepted by the enzyme at all. A proposed mechanism involves the 2' alcohol oxygen acting as a nucleophile to attack the gamma-phosphoryl of ATP, releasing ADP.

## Regulation

NADK is highly regulated by the redox state of the cell. Whereas NAD is predominantly found in its oxidized state NAD$^+$, the phosphorylated NADP is largely present in its reduced form, as NADPH. Thus, NADK can modulate responses to oxidative stress by controlling NADP synthesis. Bacterial NADK is shown to be inhibited allosterically by both NADPH and NADH. NADK is also reportedly stimulated by calcium/calmodulin binding in certain cell types, such as neutrophils. NAD kinases in plants and sea urchin eggs have also been found to bind calmodulin.

## Clinical significance

Due to the essential role of NADPH in lipid and DNA biosynthesis and the hyperproliferative nature of most cancers, NADK is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Furthermore, NADPH is required for the antioxidant activities of thioredoxin reductase and glutaredoxin. Thionicotinamide and other nicotinamide analogs are potential inhibitors of NADK, and studies show that treatment of colon cancer cells with thionicotinamide suppresses the cytosolic NADPH pool to increase oxidative stress and synergizes with chemotherapy.
While the role of NADK in increasing the NADPH pool appears to offer protection against apoptosis, there are also cases where NADK activity appears to potentiate cell death. Genetic studies done in human haploid cell lines indicate that knocking out NADK may protect from certain non-apoptotic stimuli.
# Sergej Tcherepanov

Sergej Tcherepanov (Russian: Сергей Черепанов, born 1967) is a Russian organ and harpsichord teacher and church musician working in Germany. He is church musician in Bosau, and a lecturer at the Musikhochschule Lübeck. As a concert organist and a continuo player, he has appeared internationally. He has performed as duo partner on tours of clarinetist Giora Feidman.

## Life and career

Tcherepanov was born in 1967 in the north of Kazakhstan (then USSR). He studied music at the Moscow Conservatory, piano with Viktor Merzhanov and organ with Natalia Gureeva and Alexander Fiseiskyn. He attended further master classes for organ and harpsichord, including with Siebe Henstra in Utrecht, and participated in various ensembles for Early Music, among others working with Alexei Lubimov and Yuri Bashmet.
He continued his organ studies in Germany in 1997 with Martin Haselböck at the Musikhochschule Lübeck. He studied for the concert exam from 2000 to 2002 at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg with Wolfgang Zerer [de]. He received a scholarship of the Hamburg Busche-Stiftung, and studied further with Harald Vogel, and at a historic organ in Stade with Martin Böcker [de] He took master classes in Paris with Jean Guillou and Olivier Latry.
From 2000 to 2003, he was organist at the Arp Schnitger organ in Steinkirchen near Hamburg. Since 2002, he has been a lecturer for organ playing and piano accompaniment at the Musikhochschule Lübeck. Since 2003, he has worked as a church musician and organist at the Petrikirche [de] in Bosau. He is artistic director of the annual Bosau Summerkonzerte festival, where he launched the Bosau International Summer Academy in 2009, held annually parallel to the summer concerts and offering master classes in organ, harpsichord, oboe and baroque violin.
Tcherepanov's solo concerts have taken him to many European countries. He performed as a continuo player with ensembles for Early Music at international festivals such as the Salzburg Festival and Festival Oude Muziek in Utrecht. His partners in chamber music have included violinist Gunar Letzbor, oboist Diethelm Jonas, flutist Susanne Ehrhardt and balalaika player Alexander Paperny. He has appeared as duo partner of clarinetist Giora Feidman, on tours with a program from classical to klezmer, at places including the Berliner Dom. He has collaborated with theatres in Flensburg, Kiel and Mexico.
He has been lecturer of organ and piano accompaniment at the Musikhochschule Lübeck. He has been on the jury of organ competitions, and has taught organ and harpsichord as a guest lecturer. He has made recordings for television and CD.

## Awards

In 1997, Tcherepanov won the 34th competition of the Possehl-Stiftung [de] in Lübeck. In 2000 he received the prize of the Arp Schnitger Association, and afterwards further prizes in Germany and South Africa. He was awarded the culture prize of Ostholstein in 2020.
# Sigrud Kummer

Sigrud Kummer is a West German sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1960s. She won a silver medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 1966 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in East Berlin.
# Nolin

Nolin may refer to:

## Surname

* Charles Nolin (1837–1907), Métis farmer and political organiser, opposing the North-West Rebellion of 1885
* Gena Lee Nolin (born 1971), American actress and model
* Jean-Baptiste Nolin (c.1657–1708), French cartographer and engraver
* Joseph Nolin (1866–1925), Canadian provincial politician
* Marie-Paule Nolin (1908–1987), French Canadian high-fashion designer
* Michael Nolin, American motion picture producer, studio executive, writer/director and educator
* Pierre Claude Nolin (1950–2015), Canadian politician and Senator
* Rebecca Nolin (born 1983), English professional soccer player
* Sean Nolin (born 1989), American professional baseball pitcher

## Places

* Nolin, Oregon, unincorporated community in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States
* Nolin Lake State Park, park located in Edmonson County, Kentucky, United States
* Nolin River, tributary of the Green River, 105 mi (169 km) long, in central Kentucky in the United States
* Nolin River Lake, reservoir in Edmonson, Grayson, and Hart counties in Kentucky
# Usher (film)

Usher is a 2004 film written and directed by Roger Leatherwood. It is loosely adapted from the 1839 short story "The Fall of the House of Usher" by Edgar Allan Poe. It tells the story of a young hitman who falls on hard times and gets a job in a movie theatre. The theatre seems to have a personality of its own and the hitman, named Ash, finds himself losing his personality as he falls into a day-to-day work routine.
The feature film premiered at the 2004 Telluride Indie Film Festival (now defunct) and won Best Feature. Additionally, Thomas Alexander won the award for "Best Actor in a Feature" from Wicked Pixel's 2004 "Cinema Edge" awards and was reviewed by Film Threat magazine (online) and Shock Cinema.
Since November 2009 the film has been being posted in short non-sequential segments, one a week, by ArtOverLife Studios.
Roger Leatherwood directed the short animated film Lieing Man in 2008.
# Payen Pa.101

The Payen Pa.101 was an experimental aircraft designed by Nicolas Roland Payen in the 1930s.

## Design

The Pa.101 was quite unorthodox for employing a combination of a delta wing and canard surfaces, given that the delta wing was in its developmental infancy.

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 5.75 m (18 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 4.20 m (13 ft 9 in)
* Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 6 in)
* Gross weight: 750 kg (1,653 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Gnome & Rhône 7Kd 7-cyl. air-cooled radial piston engine, 280 kW (380 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 360 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn)
* Cruise speed: 330 km/h (205 mph, 178 kn) landing speed 47 mph
* Range: 1,200 km (750 mi, 650 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 5,600 m (18,500 ft)
# Hans Herrman Strupp

Hans Hermann Strupp (August 25, 1921 – October 5, 2006) was born in Frankfurt, Germany and died in the U.S. He moved from Nazi Germany to the U.S. and he pursued a PhD in Psychology at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. where the Department of Psychiatry granted him with a Certificate in Applied Psychiatry for Psychologists. One of the founders of this school was Harry Stack Sullivan whose work had a large impact on Strupp's academic career and thinking. Hans became a Full Professor at Vanderbilt University’s Department of Psychology in 1966 and was named Distinguished Professor in 1976.

## Contributions to research in psychotherapy

Strupp's work in the field of psychotherapy research is considered to be pioneering because he was the first to introduce the use of actual therapy session material, such as audio and videotapes from the therapy sessions, as methodologically significant tools for testing theories of psychotherapeutic change, something that was considered to be controversial up to that time. During the studies that he followed on the practise of psychotherapy these methods were widely used.
As a prolific scholar and researcher, he published 16 books and over 300 papers. He was a member of the American Psychological Association and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Furthermore, he has contributed to one third to the foundation of Society for Psychotherapy Research (SPR). From 1972 to 1973, he was the SPR's president.

## Contributions to psychoanalysis

One of his most important works was the development of Time-Limited Psychotherapy, which is described in a treatment manual called Psychotherapy in a New Key: Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (1984) co-written by Strupp and his colleague Jeffrey Binder. In Time-Limited Psychotherapy, an integration of classical and interpersonal psychoanalytic theory is attempted, with a major result of this being the emphasis on the analysis of transference even when the external conditions, such as lesser frequency and the training of the therapist, are not those of psychoanalysis proper. Furthermore, in this manual's theory, the psychological reality is not dichotomized into veridical and distorted, with transference defined as a distortion, but it is viewed as multiple and contributed to by both participants in the interaction.

## Views on efficient psychotherapy

Strupp, much like Carl Rogers, focused much of his attention on the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and patient and not on the techniques used. He noted that the attitude of the therapist toward the patient was the most significant ingredient for a successful psychotherapy; therapists who were supportive and empathetic were the most likely to have success. His many publications include Psychotherapy: Clinical, Research and theoretical issues (1973) and (with others) Psychotherapy for better or worse (1977).
# Twin-agent fire extinguishing system

A twin-agent fire extinguishing system (TAFES), also commonly referred to as a twin-agent unit (TAU), incorporates the benefits of dry chemical and foam (AFFF or CAFS) fire extinguishing agents. It is most commonly used for AR-FF operations and in industrial areas with high class B hazards.
The dry chemical, usually Purple-K (and in some applications ABC Dry Chemical), knocks down the fire rapidly, while the foam secures the hazard by laying a vapor-suppressing blanket on the fuel and helping to cool the fuel in skin fires. In pressurized gas fires the foam is applied to extinguish the fuel fires around the blowout and cool heated metal. The Purple-K stream is then discharged into the blowout to "snuff" it out.
These systems can be mounted on vehicles, skid mounts or installed as permanent stations. Application is from twin hose lines connected together at the nozzle, one flows the dry chemical agent and the other foam. Twin agent systems are also used in fixed nozzles of vehicles (i.e. AR-FF vehicles) or ground mounted monitors in high hazard locations in facilities storing or producing flammable liquids. See Airport crash tender
Dry chemical tank capacities range from 450 to 3,000 pounds (200 to 1,360 kg). AFFF solution capacity ranges from 50 to 250 US gallons (190 to 950 L). Dry chemical flow rates vary from 5 to 8 pounds (2.3 to 3.6 kg) per second and 35 to 60 US gallons (130 to 230 L) per minute for the foam for handline application.
# XEGL-AM

XEGL is a radio station on 1270 AM in Navojoa, Sonora.

## History

XEGL received its concession on June 11, 1941, months after coming to air in November 1940. It was owned by Fausto Marco Gómez Cota and transferred to his estate. In 2016, the estate awarded the station to José Raúl Gómez Ballesteros, and in 2018, the transfer of the station to Renovando la Comunicación was approved.
In 2014, as a result of the station's inability to migrate to FM and competition from larger station groups such as Larsa and Uniradio which absorbed most of the local advertising market, operation was taken over by La Verdad, a local newspaper. La Verdad proceeded to start from scratch, firing XEGL's entire air staff. The station eventually changed its name to La Nuestra Radio. Its news programs also air on XHNAS-FM "Toño 95.5" in Navojoa.
# Sedlari, Bulgaria

Sedlari is a village in Momchilgrad Municipality, Kardzhali Province, in southern Bulgaria.
# NAD+ pyrophosphorylase

NAD+ pyrophosphorylase may refer to:
* Nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating)
* Nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase
# HMS Auricula

Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Auricula:
* HMS Auricula (1917) an Anchusa-class sloop launched in 1917 and sold in 1923
* HMS Auricula (K12), a Flower-class corvette launched in 1940 and lost in 1942 during the Battle of Madagascar.
# Hednota impletellus

Hednota impletellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Tasmania.
# Shaun Evans (disambiguation)

Shaun Evans may refer to:
* Shaun Evans (born 1980), English actor, best known for Endeavour (2012–2023)
* Shaun Evans (referee) (born 1987), Australian soccer referee
* Shaun Evans (rugby union) (born 1996), Welsh rugby union player
* Shaun Evans (One Life to Live), a fictional character on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live
# Paranerita columbiana

Paranerita columbiana is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1928. It is found in Colombia.
# No Compromise

No Compromise may refer to:
* No Compromise (album), the second album release by American pianist and gospel singer Keith Green
* No Compromise (magazine), a San Francisco, California, US–based bi-annual animal rights magazine
* No Compromise (podcast), a Pulitzer Prize for Audio Reporting–winning podcast from NPR about gun rights activists
# Turners Hill, West Midlands

Turners Hill is the highest hill in the county of West Midlands, England at 271 metres (889 ft) above sea level. The hill is in the Rowley Hills range, situated in Rowley Regis, near the boundary with Dudley.
The hill can be seen from many miles away, and offers good views to Clent Hills, Kinver Edge, Shatterford Hill, Barr Beacon and on a clear day to the Shropshire and Malvern Hills. There are good views of the hill from the M5 Motorway between Junctions 1 and 2.

## Features

There are working quarries on the southern end of the hill that are used to obtain diabase.
On top of the hill are two large radio transmission towers which can be seen for many miles.
Dudley Golf Club is also situated on the hill.