OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of terms of lung size and activity

Following are terms that specify a type of lung size and/or activity. More specific definitions may be found in individual articles.
* Eupnea – normal breathing
* Apnea – absence of breathing
* Bradypnea – decreased breathing rate
* Dyspnea or shortness of breath – sensation of respiratory distress
* Hyperaeration/Hyperinflation – increased lung volume
* Hyperpnea – fast and deep breathing
* Hyperventilation – increased breathing that causes CO$_2$ loss
* Hypopnea – slow and shallow breathing
* Hypoventilation – decreased breathing that causes CO$_2$ gain
* Labored breathing – physical presentation of respiratory distress
* Tachypnea – increased breathing rate
* Orthopnea – Breathlessness in lying down position relieved by sitting up or standing
* Platypnea – Breathlessness when seated or standing, relieved by lying flat
* Trepopnea – Breathlessness when lying flat relieved by lying in a lateral position
* Ponopnea – Painful breathing
# Paynes Bay, Barbados

Paynes Bay, sometimes called the "Platinum Coast", is located on the west coast of Barbados. Many locals believe that it is one of the island's best swimming beaches for both the calm seas of the Caribbean (in comparison to the strong south or east coast surf) and the colorful neighborhood. In recent years, Paynes Bay has experienced significant development, most recently by various foreign speculators who are in the process of constructing condominiums along the bay.
The resort Sandy Lane is situated at the northern end of Paynes Bay, and there are many luxury villas located along this part of the west coast. Paynes Bay also has many restaurants.
# List of viceroyalties of the Russian Empire

This is a list of viceroyalties (namestnichestvo) of the Russian Empire.

## Under Catherine II

| label | capital | dates |
| Arkhangelsk Viceroyalty | Arkhangelsk | 1784–1796 |
| Bratslav Viceroyalty | Bratslav | 1793–1796 |
| Caucasus Viceroyalty | Yekaterinograd | 1785–1796 |
| Chernigov Viceroyalty | Chernihiv | 1781–1796 |
| Courland Viceroyalty | Mitau (now Jelgava) | 1795–1796 |
| Irkutsk Viceroyalty | Irkutsk | 1783–1796 |
| Izyaslav Viceroyalty | Izyaslav | 1793–1795 |
| Kaluga Viceroyalty | Kaluga | 1776–1796 |
| Kharkov Viceroyalty | Kharkiv | 1781–1796 |
| Kiev Viceroyalty | Kiev | 1781–1796 |
| Kolyvan Viceroyalty | Kolyvan (now Berdsk) | 1782–1796 |
| Kostroma Viceroyalty | Kostroma | 1778–1796 |
| Kursk Viceroyalty | Kursk | 1779–1796 |
| Minsk Viceroyalty | Minsk | 1795–1796 |
| Mogilyov Viceroyalty | Mogilev | 1777–1796 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty | Nizhny Novgorod | 1779–1796 |
| Novgorod Viceroyalty | Novgorod | 1776–1796 |
| Novgorod-Seversk Viceroyalty | Novhorod-Siverskyi | 1781–1796 |
| Olonets Viceroyalty | Olonets | 1784–1796 |
| Oryol Viceroyalty | Oryol | 1778–1796 |
| Penza Viceroyalty | Penza | 1780–1796 |
| Perm Viceroyalty | Perm | 1781—1796 |
| Podolia Viceroyalty | Kamianets-Podilskyi | 1795–1796 |
| Polotsk Viceroyalty | Polotsk | 1777–1796 |
| Pskov Viceroyalty | Pskov | 1777–1796 |
| Reval Viceroyalty | Reval (now Tallinn) | 1783–1796 |
| Riga Viceroyalty | Riga | 1783–1796 |
| Ryazan Viceroyalty | Ryazan | 1778–1796 |
| Saratov Viceroyalty | Saratov | 1781–1796 |
| Simbirsk Viceroyalty | Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) | 1780–1796 |
| Slonim Viceroyalty | Slonim | 1796 |
| Smolensk Viceroyalty | Smolensk | 1775–1796 |
| Tambov Viceroyalty | Tambov | 1779–1796 |
| Tobolsk Viceroyalty | Tobolsk | 1782–1796 |
| Tula Viceroyalty | Tula | 1777–1796 |
| Tver Viceroyalty | Tver | 1775–1796 |
| Ufa Viceroyalty | Ufa | 1781–1796 |
| Vladimir Viceroyalty | Vladimir | 1778–1796 |
| Vilna Viceroyalty | Vilna (now Vilnius) | 1795–1796 |
| Volhynian Viceroyalty | Novohrad-Volynskyi | 1795–1796 |
| Vologda Viceroyalty | Vologda | 1780–1796 |
| Voronezh Viceroyalty | Voronezh | 1779–1796 |
| Voznesensk Viceroyalty | Voznesensk | 1795–1796 |
| Vyatka Viceroyalty | Vyatka (now Kirov) | 1780–1796 |
| Vyborg Viceroyalty | Vyborg | 1783–1796 |
| Yaroslavl Viceroyalty | Yaroslavl | 1777–1796 |
| Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty | Kremenchuk (1783) Dnipro (1789) | 1783–1796 |

## Later

| label | capital | dates |
| Caucasus Viceroyalty | Tiflis | 1844–1882, 1904–1917 |
| Far Eastern Viceroyalty | | 1903–1905 |
# Pearson Wanderer

The Pearson Wanderer is a sailboat designed by William Shaw and manufactured by Pearson Yachts (Grumman Allied Industries) between 1966 and 1971.

## Design

The Wanderer model is a shoal-draft keel sailboat with a centerboard designed for cruising. It is very similar to the smaller Tartan 27, also designed by William Shaw when he worked at Sparkman & Stephens. The Wanderer is similar to other Pearson boats of the era; for example, the Coaster, which has a full keel but is otherwise identical, and the Vanguard. There were approximately 177 Wanderers built. It is closely related to the Pearson Renegade, another Shaw design. Wanderers are considered good sea boats and one has competed in the Bermuda 1-2 race from Newport to Bermuda several times.
Use of the centerboard is optional at all points of sail, but to windward putting the centerboard down will improve the steering balance. With the centerboard up, the Wanderer is one of the shallowest-draft keel boats in its size range.
The Wanderer came in two different cabin configurations. One with the galley under the companionway and one with it on starboard side of the cabin. Both configurations came with a head and forward V-berth. The Wanderer also came with a Universal Atomic 4 gas engine.

## Construction

Because fiberglass was still relatively new as a boat building material, the hulls of these boats were fairly thick and are quite durable. As the hulls were built by hand, there is some variation in the construction, even within models. One example of this is the presence of "keel voids". Not all have similar voids, nor do they contain the same filler material.
# Lithium Valley

Lithium Valley is an area adjacent to the Salton Sea in Southern California, United States, with enormous deposits of lithium. Due to increased demand for lithium, which is a crucial component for batteries used for electric cars and energy storage, the area is attracting attention, and the extraction of lithium is expected to boost the economy of Imperial County. The area is exceptionally well-suited due to the ability to mine the lithium while generating geothermal power. There are already 11 geothermal power plants utilizing the Salton Sea Geothermal Field.

## Lithium production

The geothermal activity below the Salton Sea loosens up lithium that can be mined. The California Energy Commission estimates the Salton Sea might produce 600,000 metric tons of lithium carbonate (Li $_2$CO $_3$) per year, of a reserve of 3.4 million tonnes. The Salton Sea geothermal brine reservoir is located at depths of approximately 0.62 to 1.86 miles (1 to 3 km) below ground and contains fluids at temperatures ranging from 250 °C to 380 °C. Among other valuable minerals, the brine contains lithium (202 ppm ± 20% , i.e. more than in the Dead Sea, which is 30-40 ppm), rubidium (110 ppm ± 47%), cesium (19.8 ppm ± 15%), and bromine (91 ppm ± 31% vs 5000 ppm in the Dead Sea). The lake also comprises chloride, sodium, calcium, potassium, and other low-value minerals that are difficult to separate. All these minerals add up to the total salinity of 24.3 ± 2.8%.
The Lithium Valley Commission was created under the California Energy Commission in September 2020 to explore and expand the emerging lithium recovery industry.

## Projects

In 2016, the Australian firm Controlled Thermal Resources (CTR) announced plans to build a 140 MW geothermal power plant and a lithium extraction facility capable of producing 15,000 tons (13,600 tonnes) by 2023 and 75,000 tons (68,000 tonnes) by 2027. The company hopes to create a major new domestic source of the mineral. General Motors announced a strategic partnership with CTR in 2021 to secure a local supply of lithium. The majority of the battery-grade lithium hydroxide and carbonate for the Ultium battery will come from this plant.
Controlled Thermal Resources is developing a combined lithium extraction and power generation facility in the Hell's Kitchen geothermal field employing a closed-loop process. Brine will be extracted from the ground, with geothermal steam being used to drive a turbine generating electricity, and reacting with the brine to separate the lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate used for battery production.
Berkshire Hathaway Energy has a subsidiary that operates 10 geothermal plants in the area. Berkshire's BHE Renewables division plans to open a lithium carbonate pilot plant.
# Pelzia

Pelzia is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. It consists of only one species, Pelzia alticolana, which is found in Ecuador (Carchi Province).
The wingspan is about 24 mm.

## Etymology

The generic name is a patronym for Dr. Volker Pelz. The specific name refers to the high altitude of the collection site of the species and is derived from Latin altus (meaning high) and colana (meaning resident).
# Malanów

Malanów may refer to the following places:
* Malanów, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Malanów, Pabianice County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
* Malanów, Wieruszów County in Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
# Poum (disambiguation)

Poum is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia.
Poum or POUM may also refer to:
* POUM (Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista), the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification, a Spanish Marxist party active in the Spanish Civil War
* Poum, Struga, a village in North Macedonia
* Poum Lake, a lake in Vancouver Island
* AS Poum, a football team in New Caledonia
# Palatine Bridge, Salford

53°29′11″N 2°14′42″W﻿ / ﻿53.486286°N 2.245096°W﻿ / 53.486286; -2.245096
Palatine Bridge is a wrought-iron road bridge in Greater Manchester. Opened in 1864 and rebuilt in 1911, it crosses the River Irwell between Salford and Manchester.

## History
### Background

A bridge between Chapel Street in Salford and Hunts Bank in Manchester was first proposed in 1858, as a means of improving road links between Salford and Manchester Victoria station, each separated by the River Irwell. When the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway applied to Parliament to build a railway link between Salford (New Bailey Street) station and Victoria, Salford Corporation opposed the bill, citing the township's poor access to Victoria Station. The railway company was forced by parliamentary committee to compensate the Corporation to the tune of £25,000, to be used to improve the aforementioned transport links.

### Construction and design

The land required on Chapel Street for the Salford approach to the proposed bridge was donated by Samuel Brooks, who as part of the deal insisted that a 150 feet (46 m) abutment was built on the Salford bank of the river, to improve the rateable value of nearby properties.
Designed by W. Radford, Palatine Bridge comprises a single span (125 feet (38 m) on the south side, 88 feet (27 m) on the north side), built from twelve wrought-iron box girders attached to stone abutments. Fixed to these girders, wrought-iron road joints support iron covering plates, which themselves support the pavements and road surface, the latter formed from 4 inches (10 cm) granite cubes. The gradient 1 in 30. The bridge parapets are cast iron and terminate in stone blocks. W. and J. Galloway supplied the ironwork, while A. Pilling supplied the road surface and masonry. The total cost was about £20,000. Toll-free, the bridge was opened on 24 August 1864 by the ex-mayor of Salford, James Worrall.

### Repairs

By 1908 the bridge's condition had deteriorated to a point where the ends of some of its corroded girders could be "turned up like bits of tin." There was some argument as to who should pay for the bridge to be repaired; a clause in the original Act requires that Salford maintain the structure in perpetuity, and Manchester therefore refused to contribute any funds. A bill sent to Parliament by Salford, to enable it to undertake the work required, contains a clause forcing Manchester to contribute half the cost, but this was struck out by a parliamentary committee.
Repairs and strengthening work were made in 1911, by Heenan and Froude of Newton Heath.
# Ludwig Angerer (painter)

Ludwig Angerer (born 1 July 1891, date of death unknown) was a German painter. His work was part of the art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics and the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Magnus Wahlbom

Magnus Wahlbom (born 15 May 1945) is a Swedish chess player, Swedish Chess Championship winner (1974), Chess Olympiad individual bronze medal winner (1976).

## Biography

In the 1970s, Magnus Wahlbom was one of the leading Swedish chess players. He won two medals in Swedish Chess Championship: gold (1974) and bronze (1976).
Magnus Wahlbom played for Sweden in the Chess Olympiad:
* In 1976, at first reserve board in the 22nd Chess Olympiad in Haifa (+6, =1, -2) and won individual bronze medal.
Magnus Wahlbom played for Sweden in the World Student Team Chess Championships:
* In 1965, at first reserve board in the 12th World Student Team Chess Championship in Sinaia (+2, =1, -2),
* In 1969, at second board in the 16th World Student Team Chess Championship in Dresden (+5, =2, -4),
* In 1970, at first board in the 17th World Student Team Chess Championship in Haifa (+3, =5, -2).
Magnus Wahlbom played for Sweden in the Clare Benedict Cup:
* In 1977, at second board in the 22nd Clare Benedict Chess Cup in Copenhagen (+1, =4, -2) and won team bronze medal.
Magnus Wahlbom played for Sweden in the Nordic Chess Cup:
* In 1976, at third board in the 7th Nordic Chess Cup in Bremen (+1, =3, -1).
Magnus Wahlbom with Swedish chess club Lund ASK twice participated in European Chess Club Cup (1976, 1979) and in 1976 his club played in this tournament semifinal.
In the 2010s, Magnus Wahlbom began to actively participate in senior chess tournaments. In 2012, he participated in European Senior Chess Championship, and in 2014 – in the World Senior Chess Championship.
# Mebisa

Mebisa, formerly called Chukha or Chhukha, is a town on the Wangchu River and seat of the Chukha District in Bhutan. In 2005, it had a population of 2,855 (2005 census).
# McLennan River

The McLennan River is a tributary of the Fraser River in the Robson Valley region of British Columbia. The river was named after an engineer on one of the Canadian Pacific Railway surveys in the 1870s.

## Course

The McLennan River originates in the Premier Range, flowing from McLennan Glacier between Mount Stanley Baldwin and Mount Arthur Meighen. The river flows east out of the mountains into the Rocky Mountain Trench near Valemount. Then it turns northwest, flowing through the Rocky Mountain Trench, picking up tributary streams flowing from the Selwyn Range to the east and the Premier Range to the west. It joins the Fraser River at Tête Jaune Cache.
# Rhinolekos britskii

Rhinolekos britskii is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Paranaíba River basin in the upper Paraná River system in Brazil. The species reaches 4 cm (1.6 inches) in standard length. Its specific name, britskii, honors Heraldo A. Britski of the University of São Paulo for his contributions to the ichthyology of the Neotropical realm.
# Saale-Unstrut

Saale-Unstrut is a region (Anbaugebiet) for quality wine in Germany, and takes its name from the rivers Saale and Unstrut. The region is located on various hill slopes around these rivers. Most of the region's 685 hectares (1,690 acres) under vine in 2008 is situated in the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, with around 20 hectares (49 acres) in the state of Thuringia.

## Geography and climate

Saale-Unstrut is the northernmost of Germany's wine regions, and is therefore one of Europe's northernmost traditional wine regions. The wines from the Memleben Abbey were mentioned in the literature already in the year 998 AD. Because of the cooler climate Spätlese or Auslese can be produced only in exceptionally warm years and yields are generally low.
The region in the district Burgenlandkreis has a wine route which was opened in 1993.

## Grape varieties

The most common grape varieties are the white varieties Müller-Thurgau, at 126 hectares (310 acres) and 18.4% of the vineyard surface in 2008 and Weißburgunder (Pinot blanc) at 12.1%. White grape varieties make up 74% of Saale-Unstrut's plantations. Varieties such as Müller-Thurgau and Silvaner, which elsewhere are considered to produce wines of more mediocre quality, are sometimes considered to give better wines in the cold climate such as Saale-Unstrut's. The wines are labelled varietally, as most German wines, and are generally vinified dry with a refreshing acidity, resulting from the cool growing conditions.
The most cultivated grape varieties, by area in 2008, were:
| Müller-Thurgau, 126 ha (18.4%) Weißer Burgunder, 83 ha (12.1%) Silvaner, 57 ha (8.3%) Riesling, 50 ha (7.3%) Dornfelder, 50 ha (7.3%) Blauer Portugieser, 46 ha (6.7%) Kerner, 45 ha (6.6%) | Grauer Burgunder, 33 ha (4.8%) Bacchus, 32 ha (4.7%) Roter Traminer, 29 ha (4.2%) Spätburgunder, 27 ha (3.9%) Gutedel, 24 ha (3.5%) Regent, 19 ha (2.8%) Zweigelt, 19 ha (2.8%) |
# Madson

Madson may refer to:

## People and characters
### People with the surname

* John Madson (1923–1995), American journalist
* David Madson (born 1976), better known as Odd Nosdam, American underground hip hop producer and DJ
* David Madson (murder victim), American murdered by his boyfriend, the serial killer Andrew Cunanan
* Ryan Madson (born 1980), American professional baseball player

### People with the given name

* Madson (footballer, born 1986) (Madson Formagini Caridade), Brazilian football attacking midfielder
* Madson (footballer, born 1991) (Madson Henrique Nascimento Santos), Brazilian football midfielder
* Madson (footballer, born 1992) (Madson Ferreira dos Santos), Brazilian football right-back
* Madson (footballer, born 1999) (Madson de Souza Silva), Brazilian football forward
* Luan Madson Gedeao de Paiva (born 1990), Brazilian footballer

### Fictional characters

* John Madson, a fictional character from the UK TV show Madson (TV series)

## Places

* Mount Madson, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA; a mountain

## Other uses

* Madson (TV series), a 1996 UK crime drama TV show
# Richard Bourke (d. 1586)

Richard Bourke, 19th Mac William Íochtar (Irish: Risdeárd Bourke; English: /bɜːrk/; BURK; died 1586) was an Irish chieftain and noble.

## Background

Bourke was the son of Oliver Bourke of Tirawley, grandson of Seaán Bourke, and a great-grandson of Ricard Ó Cuairsge Bourke, 7th Mac William Íochtar (d.1479). His brother was Seaán mac Oliver (John) Bourke, 17th Mac William Íochtar (d.1580). Richard succeeded his cousin, Richard "the Iron" Bourke, 18th Mac William Íochtar (d.1583), the son of son of David de Búrca, 15th Mac William Íochtar. Richard was succeeded by his precedecessor's brother, William "the Blind Abbot" Bourke, 20th Mac William Íochtar (d.1593).

## Genealogy

* Sir Edmond Albanach de Burgh (d. 1375), 1st Mac William Íochtar (Lower Mac William), (Mayo)
** William de Burgh (d.1368)
** Thomas mac Edmond Albanach de Burca, 1375–1402, 2nd Mac William Íochtar
*** Walter mac Thomas de Burca (d.1440), 3rd Mac William Íochtar
**** Theobald Bourke (d.1503), 8th Mac William Íochtar
***** Meiler Bourke (d.1520), 11th Mac William Íochtar
**** Ricard Bourke (d.1509), 9th Mac William Íochtar
***** Seaán an Tearmainn Bourke (alive 1527), 13th Mac William Íochtar
****** Ricard mac Seaán an Tearmainn Bourke (d.1571), 16th Mac William Íochtar
*** Edmund na Féasóige de Burca, (d.1458), 4th Mac William Íochtar
**** Ricard Ó Cuairsge Bourke (d.1473), 7th Mac William Íochtar
***** Edmond de Burca (d.1527), 10th Mac William Íochtar
***** Walter de Burca
***** Seaán de Burca
****** Oliver de Burca
******* Seaán mac Oliver Bourke (d.1580), 17th Mac William Íochtar
******* Richard Bourke (d.1586), 19th Mac William Íochtar
******** Walter Ciotach de Burca of Belleek (d.1590)
********* Tibbot (Theobald) MacWalter Kittagh Bourke, 21st Mac William Íochtar, 1st Marquess of Mayo
********** Walter (Balthasar) Bourke, 2nd Marquess of Mayo
**** Thomas Ruadh de Burca
**** Uilleag de Burca
***** Edmond de Burca (d.1527), 12th Mac William Íochtar
****** David de Burca (alive 1537), 15th Mac William Íochtar
******* Richard the Iron Bourke (d.1583), 18th Mac William Íochtar
******** Tibbot (Theobald) ne Long Bourke (1567-1629), 23rd Mac William Íochtar, 1st Viscount Mayo (1627)
********* Viscounts Mayo
******* William "the Blind Abbot" Bourke (d.1593), 20th Mac William Íochtar
***** Theobald mac Uilleag Bourke (d.1537), 14th Mac William Íochtar
***** Risdeárd de Burca
****** Ricard Deamhan an Chorráin de Burca
******* Risdeárd Mac Deamhan an Chorráin (Richard) "the Devils Hook" Bourke (d.1601), 22nd Mac William Íochtar
*** Seaán de Burca (d.1456)
*** Tomás Óg de Burca, (d.1460), 5th Mac William Íochtar
*** Risdeárd de Burca (d.1473), 6th Mac William Íochtar
# Richard Bourke (bishop)

The Honourable Richard Bourke (22 April 1767 – 15 November 1832) was an Irish Church of Ireland cleric who was Dean of Ardagh (1800–1813) and the last Bishop of Waterford and Lismore (1813–1832) before it merged with the defunct Ecclesiastical Province of Cashel.

## Early life

Born into an aristocratic family, Bourke was the second son of Joseph Bourke, 3rd Earl of Mayo and his wife Elizabeth Meade, the daughter of Richard Meade, 3rd Baronet. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford.

## Career

Bourke was appointed Prebendary of Tuam in 1791, Rector of Templemichael and of Mohill in 1795 and became Dean of Ardagh in 1800 before his elevation to the episcopacy. He was nominated to the See of Waterford and Lismore on 25 August 1813 and consecrated on 10 October 1813.

## Family

Bourke married Frances Fowler (d.1827) on 20 March 1795, and they had four children: Frances, Mildred, Catherine, and Robert (later 5th Earl of Mayo).
# Sagaranella

Sagaranella is a mushroom genus in the family Lyophyllaceae that has been segregated from both Lyophyllum and Tephrocybe using molecular analyses. The species resemble grey colored Collybias and grow in nitrogen-rich environments.

## Etymology

The name Sagaranella honours Professor Naohiko Sagara, a Japanese mycologist who has extensively studied ammonia fungi such as this genus.