OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Birthplace of Patrick Henry

The Birthplace of Patrick Henry (1736–1799), the Founding Father and American statesman from Virginia, was a farmhouse called "Studley", located in what is now the village of Studley in Hanover County, Virginia. The house, a two-story brick structure, was built in the 1720s by John Symes, whose wife Sarah married Patrick Henry's father John after Symes died. Patrick Henry was born in the house on May 29, 1736. By 1796 the farmstead included a significant number of outbuildings. The house was destroyed by fire in 1807, and now only archaeological remnants remain.
There is an interpretive plaque near the site at 9620 Studley Farms Drive. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Mithras (disambiguation)

Mithras is the god central to the Greco-Roman mystery religion of Mithraism.
Mithras may also refer to:
* Mithras (butterfly), a genus of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae
* Mithras (name)
* Mithra (actor), Indian film actor
# Mithrapata

Mithrapāta (c. 390–370 BC) was dynast of Lycia in the early 4th century BC, at a time when this part of Anatolia was subject to the Persian, or Achaemenid, Empire.
Present-day knowledge of Lycia in the period of classical antiquity comes mostly from archaeology, in which this region is unusually rich. Believed to have been based at Antiphellus, Mithrapata is known to have competed for power with another man named Arttumpara.
The name of Mithrapata, which is of Persian origin, is known from Lycian coins and also from inscriptions. During the fifth and fourth centuries B.C., the Lycian nobility was using Persian names, so Mithrapata may have been one of them. However, it has also been suggested that he may have been a Persian sent to rule Lycia by Artaxerxes II.

## Coinage

Together with Pericles, Mithrapata was the last ruler of Lycia to issue coins. After about 360 BC, the region of Lycia was taken over by the Carian dynast Mausolus.
As with Pericles, the portrait of Mithrapata seen on his coins does not show him wearing the head-dress of an Achaemenid satrap, which suggests a degree of independence from the Achaemenid Empire. His name appears in the Greek alphabet as "Methrapata".
* Coin of Mithrapata, c. 390-370 BC
* Coin of Mithrapata, c. 390-370 BC
# Mithranandapuram Vamanamoorthy Temple

Mithranandapuram Vamanamoorthy Temple is a Hindu temple situated in Cherpu of Thrissur District of Kerala, India. According to the legends, the idol worshiped here is more than 1,500 years old.

## Story

Mahabali, the king of the Daityas or Asuras, i.e., demons in the Treta Yuga, reached the zenith of power and fame. He owed his tremendous success and prosperity in life to his observance of an austere and virtuous lifestyle. He performed many ritual sacrifices or Yajna to consolidate his sway over the three worlds of the universe (Heaven, Earth and Underworld). Lord Vamana has blessed king Sri Mahabali on his request for three feet of mud; the mood of the deity in the temple is that of blessing the king Mahabali. Vishnu was immensely pleased with the goodness of Mahabali. He educated Bali about the demerits of pride and arrogance, which forbids man from optimum progress. He allowed Mahabali to take shelter in the Paradise of the sacred abode, where lived the pure Prahlada. MahaVishnu further blessed Mahabali, that he would be the ruler of the earth in the following age or Yuga. Those who sacrifice themselves in the lotus feet of the deity get his blessings.

## Ownership

The temple is owned by three uranmakkar: Alakkattu Mana, Pattachomarayath Mana and Akkarachittur Mana. The present administration of the temple is done by Sri. Krishnan Namboodiri, Kizhillath Mana, Perumbillissery on the strength of the authority given by the uranmakkar. The chief priest or Thanthri of the Temple is Nedumpilly Tharananellur Mana, Irinjalakuda. Lord Ganesha, Swamiyar (guru) and Lord Annapoorneswari are the other deities.

## Visiting

One can get down at Perumbillissery Centre from the bus and walk less than 0.5 km west to reach the temple. Anybody in the centre can guide, as the temple is known to all. The temple is open from 5.30 AM to 10.30AM and 5.30 PM to 7.30 PM all days. This is subject to change on special days like Thiruvonam, Prathishta Dinam, Othukottu, lunar and solar eclipse days.

## Othu Kottu festival

The main festival of the temple is Sampoorna Yajurveda Yajna or Othu Kottu. Yajurveda Samhitha recital is one of the special prayers offered in the temple. Othu means Veda and Kottu means recitals. The whole text of Yajurveda is recited once in every three years by Yajurveda scholars from parts of Kerala. The Yajna is conducted by 10 Namboodiri families of the locality with co-operation of devotees.
# Whitemouth River Ecological Reserve

Whitemouth River Ecological Reserve is an ecological reserve located within the Sandilands Provincial Forest, Manitoba, Canada. It was established in 1986 under the Manitoba Ecological Reserves Act. It is 1.3 square kilometres (0.50 sq mi) in size.
# Mmatshumo

Mmatshumo is a village in the Boteti District in Botswana. The village was established around 1939–1941 as a results of severe drought experienced in Mopipi. The establishment was effected at the same time with that of Letlhakane, Mosu and Gweta villages.The inhibitants are of diverse tribes (Bakaa, Bakalaka, Bateti, Bakhurutshe, Basarwa, Kololo people/Barotsi, Bangwato and some remnants of Bakgatla) who live harmoniously together and intermary. The inhabitants practice agriculture to sustain themselves. The village is located close to the Makgadikgadi Pan. An area of wide open uninhabited spaces with endless horizons i.e. the remains of what used to be the largest ancient mainland superlake. The village is a gate way to Lekhubu Island The village has administrative offices i.e. kgotla currently headed by kgosi Phetsogang, primary school, postoffice, bars (with the famous Land and Camp leading the pack especially during holidays), shops and a health clinic. In the north of Mmatshumo village lies Khubu Island aka Gaio and in the south of this village lies Damtshaa diamond mine operated by Debswana Company. The road linking Letlhakane in the south to Mmatshumo is tarred. Due to the diamond mining activities in the vicinity of this village, it is expected to see population and business boom in the coming years. According to 2022 Botswana Population and Housing Census, Mmatshumo and associated localities had a total population of 1719.
# Birds of Prey (video game)

Birds of Prey is a flight simulator for the Amiga and IBM PC compatibles developed by Argonaut Software and published in 1992 by Electronic Arts. It includes a wide variety of NATO and Warsaw Pact aircraft and their respective ordnance as well as 12 different mission profiles. The game takes place on a large map consisting of several land areas separated by the sea. The plot revolves around a military conflict between two sides that have three air bases and two aircraft carriers each.

## Reception

Computer Gaming World offered two opinions of Birds of Prey. One criticized the game's lack of realism and flawed targeting, while the other favorably cited the wide variety of aircraft and recommended it to action-oriented flight gamers. In a 1994 survey of wargames, the magazine gave the title two stars out of five, saying "the various aircraft have suspiciously similar flight characteristics and instrumentation".
# Nathan Newman

Nathan Newman is an engineering professor who is Lamonte H. Lawrence Chair in Sold State Science, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona.
He earned his BS from the University of Southern California in 1981 and his PhD from Stanford University in 1987. According to his official ASU biography, "His research interests include the growth, characterization and modeling of novel solid-state materials for microwave, photonic, and high-speed applications."
The IEEE Council on Superconductivity named Newman a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 2014.
In 2017, at the request of the ASU Art Museum, Newman curated an exhibition called "Material Beauty" that focused on connections between art and science.
In 2018, The National Academy of Inventors named Newman, who holds 13 patents, as one of its fellows.
Newman also directs a program called "SCience and ENgineering Experience" (SCENE), where Phoenix-area high-school students collaborate on research with ASU professors and grad students.
# Who Am I (B1A4 album)

Who Am I is the second full-length album released by B1A4 under WM Entertainment. The album was released on January 13, 2014, by WM Entertainment and their distributing label Pony Canyon Korea. The title song of the album, "Lonely (없구나), was produced by leader Jinyoung along with 7 other tracks in the album. CNU also took part in the composition with 2 self-produced songs.

## Release and promotion

On December 31, 2013, WM Entertainment released teaser photos for the B1A4's 2nd Album on their official website, including a group picture and an individual teaser picture for each member. On January 2, B1A4 released a music video teaser for Lonely (없구나). On January 6, B1A4 released a music video teaser drama version for Lonely (없구나). On January 9, B1A4 released a medley teaser previewing 15 seconds of each song.

## Chart

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Gaon Album Chart | 1 |
# Nathan Hill (writer)

Nathan Hill (born 1975) is an American fiction writer and former news reporter. He won the 2016 Art Seidenbaum Award for First Fiction of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for his novel The Nix.
In September 2023, his novel Wellness was selected by Oprah Winfrey as a selection for her Oprah's Book Club 2.0.

## Early life and education

Hill was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa in 1975, where his grandparents had worked as corn, soybean and cattle farmers. He grew up in places all over the Midwest because his father was transferred as part of his job. His family moved constantly when he was growing up — around Illinois, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas — as his father worked his way up through management at Kmart.
He attended the University of Iowa, intending to study biomedical engineering. He switched to a major in English and journalism when he realized he could take classes in creative writing. He was a reporter on The Daily Iowan. He graduated in 1999.

## Career

Hill became a reporter for The Gazette in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He appreciated the discipline of writing and editing for a newspaper. After two years in Cedar Rapids, he pursued a master of fine arts (MFA) at University of Massachusetts–Amherst. His first novel required extensive research, which his journalism work prepared him.
He moved to New York City in his twenties to gain a place in the literary world. After years of rejections from publishers for his short stories, he took a break and played video games. He spent 10 years writing his first novel, which was published in 2016 to acclaim. There were competitions for the rights to publish it in other countries.
He travelled across the world to give talks about the first novel, taking time from his paying job as a professor at the University of South Florida, which he quit.
His second novel, Wellness, was published in 2023, and was widely reviewed as a satire on modern life.
He continues to write articles as a journalist for various outlets, even after he has published his second novel.
# Why Couldn't It Be Christmas Every Day?

"Why Couldn't It Be Christmas Every Day?" is a song by Bianca Ryan from her self-titled debut album. Though not officially released as a single by Columbia Records, radio stations in several countries played the song in 2006 as part of their Christmas-themed programming. During the week of December 12, "Why Couldn't It Be Christmas Every Day?" reached No. 1 on Radio & Records' Netherlands Top 20 Chart. It has also reached No. 15 on the official Dutch Top 40.
A longer remix was included on the promotional EP Christmas Everyday! (2006) and retitled "Why Couldn't It Be Christmas Everyday?"

## Song information

"Why Couldn't It Be Christmas Every Day?" was recorded in 2006. It was written by Jay Landers and Walter Afanasieff and produced by the latter. The original song was released as a second single from Bianca Ryan and the lead single from her Christmas Everyday! EP. The song was a hit in the Netherlands, peaking at number 1 on its Top 20 chart.
Since then, the song has been a holiday mainstay. It has been re-released on numerous compilation albums including Christmas Top 50 (EMI, 2012) and Ultimate Christmas Hits (Sony Music, 2017).

## Chart positions

| Country | Peak Position |
| Dutch Dutch Top 40 Chart | 15 |
| Dutch Mega Top 50 Chart | 52 |
| Dutch Radio & Records' Netherlands Top 20 Chart | 1 |
| Dutch Single Top 100 | 32 |

## Music video

The song also was released as a music video by Sony BMG. The video mainly shows Ryan singing in the same environment throughout the whole video. As the video progresses, Ryan is found holding or playing with various holiday props, or anything on the setting. In addition, she sings into a microphone the whole time as artificial snow is sprinkled down onto her.

## Critical reception

In 2016, Billboard music critic Andrew Unterberger included the song on his "Also Worth Remembering" list for 2006.

## 2020 version

For her holiday EP What the World Needs Now is Love, Ryan recorded a new version of the song. The video features Ryan's sister Eva and Dance Moms' alumnus Lilliana Ketchman.
# Mixx (disambiguation)

Mixx is a user-driven social networking website for news, pictures and video
Mixx may also refer to:
* Tokyopop (formerly called Mixx), a publisher of anime and manga
* BiGG MiXX, a short-lived Kellogg's breakfast cereal introduced in 1990
* Nu-Mixx Klazzics and Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2, remix albums from the rapper, Tupac Shakur
* Gutta Mixx, the fifth album from rapper, Bushwick Bill
* Mixx FM 91.9 (also known as DZLR Mixx FM), a radio station in Naga City
* Mixx FM a network of radio stations in Victoria, Australia owned by Ace Radio
# Nathaniel B. Wales

Nathaniel Brackett Wales (11 July 1883, Braintree, Massachusetts – November 15, 1974) was an American inventor credited with early patents on refrigerators, washers, vacuum cleaners, and co-inventor with his son of the proximity detonator used in bombs in World War II.
Wales graduated from Harvard College in 1905. He was the founder of the Kelvinator home appliance company in Detroit, Michigan in 1914.
His daughter Natalie Scarritt Wales (1909-2013), best known as Lady Natalie Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton, was a socialite and philanthropist known for organizing the "Bundles for Britain" campaign during World War II. His son Nathaniel Brackett Wales, Jr. (1915–1969) graduated from Harvard College in 1937. He was a physicist and inventor with over 75 patents.
In 1908 in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, Nathaniel B. Wales, Sr. married Enid Mariner Scarritt (1889-1972). They had two children and were divorced in July 1923. In 1928, he married Mary van Wagenen Terry. His final wife was Madge Mariner (1885-1978).
# Birnawan, Dih, Raebareli

Birnawan is a village in Dih block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 25 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 10,295 people, in 1,815 households. It has 5 primary schools and 1 primary health sub centre. It is the headquarters of a nyaya panchayat that also includes 10 other villages.
The 1951 census recorded Birnawan as comprising 49 hamlets, with a total population of 4,164 people (2,133 male and 2,031 female), in 973 households and 953 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 3,964 acres. 157 residents were literate, 149 male and 8 female. The village was listed as belonging to the pargana of Rokha and the thana of Nasirabad.
The 1961 census recorded Birnawan (as "Birnwan") as comprising 43 hamlets, with a total population of 4,885 people (2,517 male and 2,368 female), in 1,100 households and 1,078 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 4,954 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Birnawan as having a population of 6,284 people, in 1,700 households, and having an area of 1,604.18 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.
The 1991 census recorded Birnawan (as "Birnanan") as having a total population of 7,484 people (3,772 male and 3,712 female), in 1,492 households and 1,485 physical houses. The area of the village was listed as 1,554 hectares. Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 1,445, or 19% of the total; this group was 48% male (697) and 52% female (748). Members of scheduled castes made up 34% of the village's population, while no members of scheduled tribes were recorded. The literacy rate of the village was 16% (1,023 men and 203 women). 2,128 people were classified as main workers (1,963 men and 165 women), while 580 people were classified as marginal workers (54 men and 536 women); the remaining 4,766 residents were non-workers. The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 1,586 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 273 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 3 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 21 household industry workers; 6 workers employed in other manufacturing, processing, service, and repair roles; 3 construction workers; 37 employed in trade and commerce; 5 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 94 in other services.
# Widemarsh Common

Widemarsh Common is a public open space in Hereford. It is owned by Herefordshire Council and is used primarily as a recreational ground for both cricket and football. It is the home pitch for Hereford Lads Club Cricket Club.
It was once the location for local cider firm W.M.Evans & Co who were eventually bought by Bulmers. The location of the company premises is not entirely clear.
Saint John Kemble was hanged, drawn and quartered at the common on 22 August 1679.
# Black Crystal

Black Crystal is an action-adventure game released in 1982 for the ZX81, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64 and TI-99/4A computers by Carnell Software Ltd. It was the first in the "Third Continent Trilogy" of adventure games; followed by Volcanic Dungeon and The Wrath of Magra.
The game featured an epic story spanning many locations; Kingdom of Beroth, Castle of Shadows, The Shaggoth's Lair, The Temple of the Fire Demon, The Tower of Beroth, The Sea of Sand, The Underground Swamp, Gold Mine, Bridge Over Abyss, Temple Maze, Room of Pits, Lords of Chaos and finally The Black Crystal.
To load all of these locations on such early computers, the program employed a multi-load mechanism.

## Plot

The player takes the role of an adventurer who must traverse the fantasy Kingdom of Beroth to defeat Tobias. Tobias has summoned a Black Crystal and this can only be destroyed by visiting six maps and retrieving seven rings of power. Once collected, the player must defeat Tobias in a final showdown.

## Gameplay

The game was primarily a text-adventure with a graphical map.
Completing a map allows the player to advance, while failure means a restart of the current map. Each map is loaded in sequence from the tape and as such makes this ZX81 title feel unique.
The player would have to enter commands to complete parts of the map, with different sections having different controls.
As the game-world was very big, the player could save and load progress, and could revisit locations by entering co-ordinates. The player would rely on a mix of Purity, Physical Strength and Spiritual Strength to succeed the many tasks needed to reach the Black Crystal.

## Reception

Due in-part to its innovative multi-load approach, the game has been frequently cited as one of the best ZX81 adventure games.
"There are only two graphics adventures which stand out in the market at the moment. The first to be produced was Black Crystal from Carnell Software..."
"Black Crystal is the most ambitious adventure game I've seen for the ZX81, with elements of Lord Of The Rings grafted on to the adventure format. ...The program is large and is divided into six segments preceded by a short load test...it takes some time to master the use of keys controlling movement and weapons, and to discover the right tactics for various monsters. Still, Black Crystal has impressed me by its sheer quantity and generally high quality of presentation. I'm afraid I've become an addict."
"...Black Crystal is a great graphic adventure that sees you traversing a variety of different environments to destroy the gem of the title. Spread across six impressive-looking maps, you’re given a variety of tasks ranging from retrieving keys to fighting dragons. ...the gripping gameplay will constantly push you forward for one more go."
"...There are a few of these games that have gone down is history... 3D defender, Black Crystal, QS Scramble and Galactic Trooper are all worth a play."

## Reviews

* Crash #1
* Sinclair User #13
* ZX Computing #10
# Black Country Bugle

The Black Country Bugle is a paid-for weekly publication, which highlights the industrial heritage, history, legends, local humour and readers' stories pertaining to the Black Country region, which forms the western half of the West Midlands conurbation of England.

## History

The paper was established in 1972 in Halesowen, by the founding editor Harry Taylor, and his co-partners Derek Beasley and David James. The trio had previously worked together on a free local paper, with Taylor editing the paper and writing the majority of the editorial, and Beasley and James selling adverts, as was the case in the early years of the Black Country Bugle. Taylor wrote in the launch issue in April 1972, "The Bugle will show you fascinating glimpses of our region's history, bring to vivid life its legendary characters, trace its antiquity and your ancestry over the centuries".
The Black Country Bugle moved its headquarters from Halesowen to Amblecote in 1983, and then in 1989 to High Street, Cradley Heath. In April 2015, the title moved to new offices within the Dudley Archives and Local History Centre on Tipton Road in Dudley. The publication, initially produced on a monthly basis, became a weekly in 1998, and in 2001 became part of Staffordshire Newspapers. Since 2012 the title has been part of Local World.
Rob Taylor, the son of Harry Taylor, the founder of the Bugle, took over as editor in 1993.
The 1000th edition of the paper was published in October 2011.
In 2012, Local World acquired owner Iliffe News & Media from Yattendon Group. In April 2013, John Butterworth MBE was appointed editor of the publication. Gary Phelps became editor-in-chief in July 2016. Charlotte Hart became executive editor in May 2018.

## Format and appearance

The paper is printed in a tabloid format, and since January 2012 has been printed in full colour on an improved quality paper stock, though the nostalgic nature of its content means that many of the photographs supplied are black and white.

## Content

Although the paper concentrates on the Black Country of former years, focusing on the local history and culture of the region, a certain amount of up-to-date local news is included. Amongst other things, the paper features photographs sent in by the public, curious objects brought into the Bugle office, short stories, anecdotes of olden days, historical essays, and letters and appeals from people researching their family trees. It often features articles and poems written in the Black Country dialect. A typical edition of the Bugle would have 2 or 3 photographs on the front cover contributed by readers, with some accompanying text.

## Staff
### Editorial

Executive Editor
* Charlotte Hart
Writers
* Gavin Jones
* John Workman
* Dan Shaw

### Regular columnists

Regular writers for the Bugle include: Gail Middleton, and Tony Matthews, who writes the history of the Black Country derbies. Dave Green contributes illustrations each week.