OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old-Polish Industrial Region

Old Polish Industrial Region (Polish: Staropolski Okręg Przemysłowy) is an industrial region in northern part of Lesser Poland. It is the oldest and in terms of area covered, largest of Polish industrial regions. Most of the region is located in Lesser Poland Upland, and its historic center lies along the Kamienna river. Primary industrial cities: Kielce, Radom, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Starachowice and Skarżysko-Kamienna.

## History

In prehistoric times future Old Polish Industrial Region was the area of flint and later iron tools. In Nowa Slupia, remnants of forty five bloomeries were found (5th - 10th century). In the Middle Ages, the region became the center of Polish industry - mining and steel mills. Various kinds of weapons were manufactured here, iron ore, copper and silver were extracted. In the 17th century, first blast furnaces were opened in the villages of Samsonow and Bobrza. By 1782, out of 34 blast furnaces in Poland-Lithuania, as many as 27 were located in Old Polish Industrial Region. Furthermore, the area was a major glass producer of the country.
First half of the 19th century was the time of rapid development of the region, due to efforts of the government of Congress Poland, and such persons as Stanislaw Staszic and Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. Both officials planned construction of a large metallurgical plant along the Kamienna. Those plans, however, were only partially implemented, due to lack of funds. Still, several new plants were opened at that time.
Growth of Old Polish Industrial Region stopped in the second half of the 19th century, due to two reasons. First, Congress Poland lost its autonomy and became Vistula Land, integral part of the Russian Empire. Furthermore, another industrial center of Lesser Poland, Zaglebie Dabrowskie, began to develop and compete with Old Polish Industrial Region. As a result, several plants had to close down.
The region recovered in late years of the Second Polish Republic, when Central Industrial Area was envisaged by Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski. Already-existing factories in Kielce, Skarzysko, Radom, Starachowice and Ostrowiec were modernized, new ones were also built. After World War II, industrialization of the area continued, with such plants, as FSC Star.

## Main locations

Major urban centers of the region are Kielce, Radom, Starachowice, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and Skarżysko-Kamienna, which is an important railroad junction. Names of several villages indicate their industrial past, even though no traces of former plants remain there (Ruda, Kuźnica, Hucisko, Żelaznica, Górniki, Rudniki, Wąglów, Wólka Smolna, Kurzacze).
# Millones

The millones were an indirect tax on food in Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were first imposed by Philip II and were approved by the Cortes de Castilla 4 April 1590. The tax was initially intended in 1590 as a temporary measure to replace the Spanish Armada, which had been lost in attacking England. The millones was voted by the Cortes of Castille in 1590 as a 6-year grant for 8 million ducats. It was originally levied on the cuatro especies of wine, meat, olive oil and vinegar. The tax was renewed by the Cortes in 1596 and was used also by Philip's successors Philip III, Philip IV and Charles II. Under Philip III, the tax brought in 3 million ducats a year, but that fell back to 2 million ducats a year because of population loss and recession at the end of his reign. In 1626, Philip IV and his Cortes doubled the tax to the level of 4 million ducats by also levying it on salt, paper and ship anchorage in lieu of proposed taxes on offices, grants and property; in the Cortes of 1632, the tax raised an additional 2.5 million ducats a year because it was levied on chocolate, sugar, fish, tobacco and other commodities. From 1655, renewal of the tax was practically automatic, and from 1668, it was renewed by the Junta de asistentes, which the king called together in lieu of bringing together the full Cortes.
The complex system was later simplified by adding so-called cientos (hundredths) as a surcharge on another sales tax, the alcabala.
The tax burden was a factor in the impoverishment of the Castilian populace in the 17th century because it increased the prices of the most basic goods. Unlike direct taxes, it fell on the nobility as well as the common people, but as can be imagined, a tax on basic foodstuffs was extremely regressive.
# Mount Fubilan

5°5′24″S 141°13′5″E﻿ / ﻿5.09000°S 141.21806°E﻿ / -5.09000; 141.21806
Mount Fubilan was a mountain in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. It has been removed in the course of the excavation of the Ok Tedi Mine, which been developed since 1984 as an open-pit copper and gold mine. After decades of mining, the mountain has been replaced by a massive pit in the ground.
The copper mining potential of Mount Fubilan was discovered by Kennecott Copper Corporation in 1968. After feasibility studies for an open-pit operation, conducted by a consortium of companies led by BHP, mining started in 1984, with the company processing gold for extraction through a cyanide process.
The first copper processing facilities were commissioned in 1987. By 31 December 2004, 8,896,577 tonnes of copper concentrate had been mined, containing 2,853,265 tonnes of copper and 7,035,477 ounces of gold, worth 12 billion US dollars at today's prices. In addition, between 1985 and 1990, 47.642 tonnes (1,680,553 ounces) of gold bullion was produced.
The mining operation led to the Ok Tedi environmental disaster on account of the discharge of about two billion tons of untreated mining waste into the Ok Tedi river from the Ok Tedi Mine.
# Breaksea Islands (Stewart Island)

The Breaksea Islands are a group of islands off the east coast of Stewart Island, New Zealand. They are to the south of the Tītī / Muttonbird Islands. The islands include Pomatakiarehua, Kiahuka, and Wharepuaitaha island. The largest island in the group is Joss Island.
# Thomas Midgley

Thomas Midgley may refer to:
* Thomas Midgley (footballer) (1856–1957), English footballer
* Thomas Midgley Jr. (1889–1944), American chemist
# Megalorhipida paraiso

Megalorhipida paraiso is a species of moth in the genus Megalorhipida known from Brazil. Moths of this species take flight in August and October and the females have a wingspan of about 10–11 millimetres (0.39–0.43 in). The specific name "paraiso" refers to Alto Paraiso, the locality from which the holotype specimen was collected.
# Seattle Sun

The Seattle Sun may refer to the following newspapers in Seattle, Washington, United States:
* Seattle Sun (alternative weekly), 1974–1982, a weekly newspaper
* Seattle Sun (2002-2005), a monthly neighborhood newspaper
# Celanova

Celanova is a municipality in the province of Ourense, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Terra de Celanova. Situated near the border with Portugal, the municipality is bordered by Ramirás, Cartelle, A Merca, A Bola, Verea and Quintela de Leirado.
The Arnoia river crosses the southern limits of the township. The municipality has 6,020 inhabitants. The provincial capital Ourense is located 23 km away on highway N-540 (Ourense to Portugal via Lindoso).
The Monastery of San Salvador de Celanova is the most important building in a well-preserved historical center. It was founded by St. Rudesind (San Rosendo) in 936. The nave is considered the most perfect Galician Baroque church. In the garden of the monastery can be found the pre-Romanesque chapel of San Miguel, one of the oldest in Spain.
The town preserves ancient streets, with several houses that display coats of arms. One of these mansions was the birthplace of the great poet of the Galician Rexurdimento (Rebirth), Manuel Curros Enríquez.
Nearby can be found the castro (pre-Roman citadel) of Castromao. The visitor can still see the circular dwellings and defensive walls built by the Romans.
A few kilometres from the town lies the village of Vilanova dos Infantes with a medieval tower from the 14th century. It belonged to the Counts of Monterrey. Close to this perfectly restored village is the sanctuary of La Virgen del Cristal, in which can be seen a strange transparent stone, perhaps a meteorite, containing what some believe to be the image of the Virgin Mary.

## International relations
### Twin towns — Sister cities

Celanova is twinned with:
* Guadix, Andalusia, Spain
* Rubí, Catalonia, Spain
* Santo Tirso, Portugal
# Song for Baba

"Song for Baba" is a piece of music for cello and piano composed by Julian Lloyd Webber inspired by the birth of his son, David. It is the opening number on Lloyd Webber's 1995 album Cradle Song. It also appears on his 2003 album Made in England, the 2011 album The Art of Julian Lloyd Webber and the 2012 6-disc Decca collection 101 Cello. Pamela Chowhan plays the piano part.
# Walker Nunatak

Walker Nunatak (67°55′S 63°15′E﻿ / ﻿67.917°S 63.250°E﻿ / -67.917; 63.250) is a small nunatak 10 nautical miles (18 km) east of Branson Nunatak on the east edge of the Framnes Mountains, Mac. Robertson Land. Photographed from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1962, and seen by an ANARE dog-sledge party in January 1963. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for K.G. Walker, assistant cook at Mawson Station in 1962, a member of the sledge party.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Walker Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Mac. Robertson Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Old-Timers

Old-Timers (Czech title Staříci) is a 2019 Czech thriller starring Jiří Schmitzer and Ladislav Mrkvička. It was directed by Martin Dušek and Ondřej Provazník.

## Plot

Vlastimil Reiner returns to the Czech Republic from Oregon. He meets with his old friend Antonín and together they plan to murder an elderly former Communist prosecutor who evaded punishment for his crimes under the Communist regime.

## Cast

* Jiří Schmitzer as Vlastimil Reiner
* Ladislav Mrkvička as Antonín
* Dušan Kaprálik
* Michal Suchánek
* Přemysl Bureš
* Karel Jirák
* Marika Procházková
* Pavel Batěk

## Reception

The film received generally positive reviews. It holds 68% on Kinobox as of March 2020.
Jiří Schmitzer and Ladislav Mrkvička have won the Main Trilobit Award for their performance in Old-Timers. Old-Timers was also nominated for 5 Czech Film Critics' Awards and 10 Czech Lion Awards.
| Year | Event | Award | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| 2020 |
| 2020 | Trilobit Awards 2020 | Trilobit Award | Main award | Jiří Schmitzer and Ladislav Mrkvička | Won |
| 2020 | 9th Czech Film Critics' Awards | Czech Film Critics' Award | Best Film | Old-Timers | Won |
| 2020 | 9th Czech Film Critics' Awards | Czech Film Critics' Award | Best Director | Martin Dušek and Ondřej Provazník | Won |
| 2020 | 9th Czech Film Critics' Awards | Czech Film Critics' Award | Best Screenplay | Martin Dušek and Ondřej Provazník | Nominated |
| 2020 | 9th Czech Film Critics' Awards | Czech Film Critics' Award | Best actor | Jiří Schmitzer | Won |
| 2020 | 9th Czech Film Critics' Awards | Czech Film Critics' Award | Best actor | Ladislav Mrkvička | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best film | Old-Timers | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Director | Martin Dušek and Ondřej Provazník | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Actor in a Leading Role | Jiří Schmitzer | Won |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Actor in a Supporting Role | Ladislav Mrkvička | Won |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Screenplay | Martin Dušek, Ondřej Provazník | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Cinematography | Lukáš Milota | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Editing | Jana Vlčková | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Sound | Václav Flegl | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Best Music | Matouš Hejl, Miroslav Srnka | Nominated |
| 2020 | 27th Czech Lion Awards | Czech Lion Award | Makeup and Hairstyling | Eva Schwarzová | Nominated |
| 2020 | 33rd Finále Plzeň Film Festival | Golden Kingfisher | Best feature live action or animated film | Old-Timers | TBA |
# NWFF

NWFF can stand for:
* Ndiva Women's Film Festival, an African women's film festival
* New World First Ferry, a Hong Kong ferry service company
# Mahmud Haydar

Khvaja Mahmud-i Haydar was an Iranian statesman and military commander (sardar) who initially served the Timurid Empire, but shifted his allegiance to the Qara Qoyunlu after its ruler Jahan Shah captured his native city of Isfahan in 1452. Mahmud Haydar soon died afterwards.
# Scalaridelphys

Scalaridelphys (meaning "womb that resembles stairs"—in reference to the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument and the fact that it was related to extant marsupials) is an extinct genus of aquiladelphid pediomyoid mammal from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian)-aged Straight Cliffs Formation of Utah. Initially named as Scalaria in 2020, the genus name was changed to Scalaridelphys in 2021 when the authors were told by B. Creisler that the name Scalaria was already in use for a now-obsolete genus of gastropod named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1801. Two species of Scalaridelphys are known: the type species S. martini and S. aquilana.
# Song for America (song)

"Song for America" is the title track from the second album of American progressive rock band Kansas. It was written by guitarist and keyboardist Kerry Livgren during the period of heavy touring for the band's first album. The song was released on the 1975 album Song for America, and later released as the band's third single, although it did not chart. It has a symphonic structure, and its lyrics describe America's state before and after colonization.
Livgren wrote the song while looking down at the country from an airplane. He said "I was musing over our relatively young nation."

## Structure

The song begins with a 3-minute instrumental overture. It has a symphonic structure. An extended instrumental section is in $^9$ $_8$ time. The single version lacks most of the instrumental parts, and is cut down to three minutes. This version, which was edited by the record label owner Don Kirshner, is available as a bonus track on the remastered version of the album. The flipside of the 45 featured an instrumental version of the track.

## Reception

Cash Box said it features "excellent musicianship and a strong lyric line". Record World said "Not the kind of 100 percent patriotic paean you'd expect the Federal government to commission, but a more believable and dramatic unofficial anthem that carves its own niche into the Bicentennial era."
Classic Rock critic Dave Ling rated "Song for America" as the band's third greatest song. Ultimate Classic Rock critic Eduardo Rivadavia rated it the band's fourth greatest song, saying it "delivers a state-of-the-union address that spans decades, before and after European colonization". Classic Rock History critic Brian Kachejian rated it as the band's seventh greatest song, calling it "Simply stunning music that is timeless."

## Personnel

* Kerry Livgren – keyboards
* Steve Walsh – lead vocals, keyboards
* Robby Steinhardt – violin, co-lead vocals
* Dave Hope – bass
* Phil Ehart – drums
* Rich Williams – guitar
# San Bernardino (torrent)

The San Bernardino is a torrent which flows through the Italian Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and into Lake Maggiore at Verbania on the Piedmontese (western) shore of the lake.
The origins of its name lie with the Franciscan convent of San Bernardino which was established in 1483 near the mouth of the river, between Intra and Pallanza. The buildings are no longer extant.

## Course

The torrent is formed by the confluence of two smaller streams, the Rio Valgrande and the Rio Pogallo, at Ponte Casletto in Val Grande. Its drainage basin comprises the areas of Val Grande and Val Pogallo; its course and its tributaries are characterised by deep ravines and gorges.
The San Bernardino passes through the communes of San Bernardino Verbano (which takes its name from the river), Cossogno and finally Verbania, where it separates the population centres of Pallanza and Intra and falls into Lake Maggiore.

## Industrial exploitation

Until the early 1900s the Val Grande and Val Pogallo were an important source of timber and the river was used to transport the trees felled by means of log rolling.
The San Bernardino provided a source of hydropower for the factories which were built along its course and its water was employed in the bleaching processes of the adjacent textile factories. In 1892 Carlo Sutermeister, an industrialist of Swiss origins, constructed the first Italian hydroelectric power station capable of distributing electrical power; it supplied the inhabitants of Intra, Pallanza and other places in the area as well as the factories nearby. Subsequently the power plant of Rovegro was built and today there are three power stations in use on the river.

## Recreational uses

Kayaking can be enjoyed in certain tracts of this Alpine torrent and, despite the chilly water, swimming is a popular pastime, especially at the locality Santino. Fishing is allowed, although only for brown trout (Salmo trutta), and only outside the protected reserves which form part of the national park.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Valsesia, Teresio (1985), Val Grande, ultimo paradiso, Verbania: Alberti Editore, ISBN 88-7245-004-7
# Amy Ignatow

Amy Ignatow (born September 15, 1977) is an American author, illustrator, and cartoonist. She is best known for the children's book series, The Popularity Papers.

## Personal life

Ignatow was born and raised in Huntington, New York, on Long Island. She graduated from Huntington High School in 1995. She attended SUNY Oneonta and later transferred to study illustration at Moore College of Art and Design in Philadelphia, graduating magna cum laude in 2002. In 2009, she sold her first book to Abrams Books and bought a home in Mount Airy, Philadelphia.

## Professional career

Her first book, The Popularity Papers: Research for the Social Improvement and General Betterment of Lydia Goldblatt and Julie Graham-Chang, was published by Amulet Books in spring 2010. Positive reviews of the book appeared in The New York Times, School Library Journal, and other publications and review web sites, such as KidLiterate. The sequels were similarly well-reviewed, and became a seven-book series about middle schoolers Julie and Lydia.
Ignatow has since written several additional children's books.
According to her author biography, Ignatow has worked as a teacher, a farmer, a florist, a short-order vegan cook, a ghostwriter for Internet personal ads, a telefundraiser, a wedding singer, and an air-brush face and body painter.
# Mildew resistance locus o

Mildew locus o (MLO) is a plant-specific gene family. Specific members of the Mildew Locus O gene family act as powdery mildew susceptibility factors. Their inactivation, as the result of a loss-of-function mutation, gene knock-out, or knock-down, is associated with a peculiar form of resistance, referred to as mlo resistance. The mlo gene family is widely conserved across the plant kingdom with some members evolving as early as the first land plants. Mlo proteins contain seven highly conserved transmembrane domains, as well as a calmodulin-binding domain. TaMLO genes are the MLOs in bread wheat, Triticum aestivum.

## MLO genes in tomatoes

At least 17 MLO genes exist in tomatoes. They have a protein length of between 270 and 591 amino acids.
# Body Heat (disambiguation)

Body Heat is a 1981 film by Lawrence Kasdan.
Body Heat may also refer to:
* Thermoregulation, the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries
* Body Heat (Blue System album)
* Body Heat (Quincy Jones album)
* "Bodyheat", a 1976 song by James Brown
* Bodyheat (album), a James Brown album containing the song
* "Body Heat", a 1989 single by Australian rock band Roxus
* "Body Heat", a 2015 song by American singer Selena Gomez from her second studio album Revival
# Mãe Luzia River

The Mãe Luzia River is a river of Santa Catarina state in southeastern Brazil.
# Nimble Titan

Nimble Titan is an Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) recurring two-year wargame campaign series that provides for national security and military policy experimentation in a notional scenario set 10 years in the future. It is the premier forum of U.S. Strategic Command for developing experimental IAMD national security and military policy among U.S. allies and partners. The experimental nature of the wargame is to stimulate participants to think outside of the constraints of current international and national norms, policies, and procedures.
Established in the 1990s, Nimble Titan was originally a U.S. Joint Staff wargame initiative to develop and test missile defense design concepts and capabilities at the tactical and operational level. In 2002, Nimble Titan became a bilateral wargame, in cooperation with the United Kingdom, that experimented with interceptor shot doctrine, automated battle management aids, decision support tools, early warning, integration and interoperability, and command and control authorities. In 2006, the Joint Staff relinquished control of Nimble Titan to U.S. Strategic Command. The wargame series expanded to include participant nations from both Western Europe and the Indo-Pacific. Multiple nations from around the world began to participate as interested observers. The focus of the wargame series evolved to investigate international and national strategic policy issues, rather than tactical and operational technical and procedural issues. Since 2006, Nimble Titan has grown in scope and scale. It now regularly hosts over 100 participants from 24 nations, NATO and other international organizations, as well as multiple nations in observer status.
# Richard Armstrong (British Army officer)

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Armstrong, KCB (c. 1782 – 3 March 1854) was an officer in the British Army.

## Military career

Armstrong was the only son of Lt.-Col. Richard Armstrong of Lincoln. Armstrong was commissioned as an ensign in 1796. He served in the Peninsular War and in the First Anglo-Burmese War. He became commander of the British forces in Canada West in 1842 and, after serving in that post until 1848, went on to be Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army in 1851. He resigned due to poor health in early 1854 and died shortly afterwards. He was also colonel of the 95th Regiment of Foot and then colonel of the 32nd Regiment of Foot.