OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Habitual residence test

The Habitual Residence Test is used by the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland to determine eligibility for social security benefits.
In both countries a right to reside in the Common Travel Area counts for the purpose of this test.
Habitual residence is not defined in legislation. The term has repeatedly been considered in caselaw.
For many benefits there is also a test of presence in the country.

## United Kingdom

The test was introduced in 1994. It required close ties to the United Kingdom and intention to settle in the UK. It was revised in May 2004 to include a ‘right to reside’ requirement, based on directives of the European Union regarding right of residence. Provisions regarding right to reside include conducting business, working or looking for work, being a student, or having sufficient resources to be self-supporting.

### European Commission objections

In May 2013 the European Commission after a long dispute with the UK over the matter decided to take a case to the European Court of Justice with respect to denial of welfare benefits to European citizens who fail the test. The Commission alleges that the UK test does not conform to European directives. The UK, which, on the basis of failure to pass the test of right to reside, rejects over half of the applications of European Union citizens to the UK for benefits, has announced it will contest the matter.

## Republic of Ireland

Only the person claiming benefit has to satisfy the test. From 2014 a further condition was added - that the person must remain habitually resident in the State.
# Transcript of unknown function

Transcripts of unknown function (TUFs) is the name that has been suggested for known RNA transcripts of DNA whose function is unclear. Most are probably ncRNAs, such as RNAi or snoRNAs, but could also represent a whole new class of ncRNA. Their DNA sequences reside in the intergenic or intronic regions of the genome, which is often called junk DNA.

## Categories

Broadly speaking, TUFs can be classified into three categories:
* TUFs that are complementary to sense transcripts of protein-coding genes
* TUFs that are novel isoform transcripts of protein-coding genes; this can include expressed pseudogenes
* TUFs that reside on the same strand as protein-coding genes in the intronic region or entirely in the intergenic region
# Mississippi Palisades State Park

Mississippi Palisades State Park is a National Natural Landmark located in Carroll County, Illinois, just north of the town of Savanna. It is a partially conserved section of the Mississippi Palisades. The area contains many caves and large cliffs along the Mississippi River at the mouth of the Apple River in the Driftless Area of far northwestern Illinois.

## In popular culture

Indie music artist Sufjan Stevens made reference to the Palisades in his song "The Predatory Wasp of the Palisades Is Out to Get Us!" on his 2005 concept album Illinois.
# Roosville, British Columbia

Roosville is a small farming community immediately north of the Canada–United States border in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. On BC Highway 93, the locality is east of Lake Koocanusa, at the southeast corner of Tobacco Plains Indian Reserve No. 2.
Sharing the name are adjacent Roosville, Montana and the Roosville Border Crossing.

## First Nations

As early as the 1840s, the region was known as Tobacco Prairie and later as Tobacco Plains. The Tobacco Plains band has inhabited this land since time immemorial. The traditional name in the Ktunaxa language for this site is ¿/u¿/uqa, pronounced tsoo-tsoo-qa.

## Name origin

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) moved Fort Kootenay several times within the plains region, finally settling immediately north of the boundary on the east shore of the Kootenay River. In 1865, Michael Phillipps, a clerk, transferred to this outpost for a brief period. In the 1890s, he established a ranch on the plains and the area became known as Phillips.
In 1899, Fred Roo was granted a liquor licence for his hotel at Phillips. A month later, he took charge of the general store. The next year, Fred Roo built a larger hotel. By 1901, he was calling the location Roosville. A year later, the new name was in common usage.

## Community

Michael Phillipps was the inaugural postmaster 1899–1903, when the post office closed. Michael and many of his descendants are buried in the Roosville cemetery. Fred Roo was the next postmaster 1908–1922. The post office closed in 1926. In 1910, Miss N. Bartlett was the inaugural school teacher. During the earlier decades, Roosville was centred farther north than the border, closer to present day Grassmere.
Around 1930, the general store closed. During the mid-1930s, a National Defence Relief camp existed at Roosville. In 1949, the school closed.
At the border, a four-unit motel operated 1965–1989.
# Blonde Savage

Blonde Savage is a 1947 American adventure film directed by Steve Sekely and written by Gordon Bache. The film stars Leif Erickson, Gale Sherwood, Veda Ann Borg, Douglass Dumbrille, Frank Jenks, and Matt Willis. It was released on November 22, 1947 by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Plot

Bush pilots Steve Blake and Hoppy Owens are hired to locate a village in the deep jungle by Mark Harper, head of a mining company. Thing are complicated Harper's attractive wife Connie who once had an affair with Steve and will do anything to have Steve fly her away.
Their first day of exploration uncovers a native tribe led by a tall white blonde woman who was raised by the tribe after her parents were mysteriously killed years earlier.

## Cast

* Leif Erickson as Steve Blake
* Gale Sherwood as Meelah
* Veda Ann Borg as Connie Harper
* Douglass Dumbrille as Mark Harper
* Frank Jenks as Hoppy Owens
* Matt Willis as Berger
* Ernest Whitman as Tonga
* Cay Forrester as Mary Comstock
* John Dehner as Joe Comstock
* Art Foster as Stone
* Alex Frazer as George Bennett
* Eve Whitney as Clarissa
* James Logan as Inspector

## Gallery

* Gale Sherwood
* Douglass Dumbrille
* Leif Erickson
* Veda Ann Borg
# Brian Ford (numerical analyst)

Brian Ford (OBE, born 1940, Nottingham) is a British Mathematician who founded, and until his retirement in 2004, was director of the Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG). Ford gained a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from the University of Nottingham. The NAG (then Nottingham Algorithms Group) project began in 1970 as a collaborative venture, led by Ford, between the Universities of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester, Nottingham and Oxford, and the Atlas Computer Laboratory. In 1973 the project moved to Oxford and was renamed. Ford was awarded an Order of the British Empire in 1989 in "recognition of outstanding services to British industry and research" In 2005 he was awarded an Honorary Degree from the University of Bath.
# Musica Ficta (Danish ensemble)

Musica Ficta is a Danish choral group founded in 1996 by conductor and composer Bo Holten.

## Selected discography

* Mogens Pedersøn (1585-1623) Madrigals. Musica Ficta, Holten. Da Capo.
* A Danish Christmas, Musica Ficta, Holten. Naxos (compilation from Danish release)
* Johannes Ockeghem (1430-1497): Missa pro defunctis (Requiem), Naxos
* Winds & Voices at the Court of Christian III, Copenhagen Cornetts & Sackbutts, Musica Ficta, Holten
* Medieval Music from Denmark Musica Ficta, Holten Da Capo
* Seized by Sweet Desire - Singing Nuns and Ladies Naxos
* Danish children's songs by contemporary Danish composers. EXLCD 30062 · 1997
* C. E. F. Weyse: Songs and romances. Naxos Denmark 8.554961 · 1998
* Romantic songs - Sange fra Romantikken. Naxos Denmark 8.554964 · 1999
* Carl Nielsen: Motets op.53, selection of songs. Naxos Denmark 8.554965 · 2000
* Højskolesangen: Songs from Grundtvig's "High School movement" 1900-1970. Naxos Denmark 8.554970 · 2001
* 20th Century songs - Sange fra det 20. århundrede Naxos Denmark 8.554973 · 2001
* Danish Folk Songs with Poul Høxbro. Naxos Denmark 8.557424 · 2004
* Children's Songs - Børnesange. Naxos Denmark 8.557730 · 2004
* Songs to lyrics of H. C. Andersen. Naxos Denmark 8.557810 · 2005
* Songs to lyrics of J. P. Jacobsen. Naxos Denmark 8.572070 · 2008
* Danish Songs - Denmark Ministry of Culture Naxos Denmark 8.570175 · 2006
* Thomisson's Easter Ribe Cathedral 1560 - Clemens non Papa: Missa Virtute magna. Da Capo 2018
# Md. Salleh Yaapar

Md. Salleh Yaapar (born December 20, 1946) is a Malaysian scholar of comparative literature and a professor of the School of Humanities at the University Sains Malaysia. He is the head of the Institute of Language and Literature of Malaysia and the holder of the European Chair of the Malay studies at Leiden University in Leiden, Netherlands. A recipient of the honorary title of Dato' Seri by the state, he is also a Distinguished fellow of the International Institute of Islamic Civilization and Malay World.

## Biography

He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Universiti Sains Malaysia and a Master of Arts degree from the University of the Philippines. He received his PhD from Temple University, Philadelphia. Salleh has taught at a number of academic institutions at home and abroad including University Sains Malaysia and Leiden University in Leiden, Netherlands. He has served as the head of the Institute of Language and Literature of Malaysia, the government body in charge of coordinating the use of the Malay language and the Malay language literature in Malaysia.

## Works
### Books

* (1995) Mysticism and Poetry: A Hermeneutical Reading of the Poems of Amir Hamzah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
* (2009) Pilgrimage to the Orient. Translated by Lalita Sinha. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia. (From Md. Salleh Yaapar, Ziarah ke Timur, winner of Malaysia Grand Literary Award, 2004).

### Festschrifts

* Rainbows of Malay Literature and Beyond: Festschrift in Honour of Professor Md. Salleh Yaapar (2011)
# Serbian Hockey League

The Serbian Hockey League is the top league for ice hockey in Serbia.

## Teams

The total number of teams varies from season to season, as certain clubs can't fill their senior teams due to lack of players or finances. Some clubs only participate in the junior sections.
| Team | City | Arena | Capacity | Founded |
| HK Partizan | Belgrade | Pionir Ice Hall | 2,000 | 1948 |
| SKHL Crvena zvezda | Belgrade | Pionir Ice Hall | 2,000 | 1946 |
| HK Vojvodina | Novi Sad | SPC Vojvodina Ice Hall | 1,375 | 1957 |
| HK Spartak | Subotica | Gradsko klizalište | 1,000 | 1945 |
| HK NS Stars | Novi Sad | SPC Vojvodina Ice Hall | 1,375 | 2002 |
| HK Taš | Belgrade | Pionir Ice Hall | 2,000 | 1995 |
| HK Red Team | Belgrade | Pionir Ice Hall | 2,000 | 2008 |
| HK Drvene Nogice | Belgrade | Pionir Ice Hall | 2,000 | 1986 |
| KKHK | Belgrade | Pionir Ice Hall | 2,000 | 2002 |

## Champions

Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1936–1992)
* until 1991 – Yugoslav Hockey League
* 1991–92 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006)
* 1992–93 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 1993–94 – HK Partizan
* 1994–95 – HK Partizan
* 1995–96 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 1996–97 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 1997–98 – HK Vojvodina
* 1998–99 – HK Vojvodina
* 1999–2000 – HK Vojvodina
* 2000–01 – HK Vojvodina
* 2001–02 – HK Vojvodina
* 2002–03 – HK Vojvodina
* 2003–04 – HK Vojvodina
* 2004–05 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 2005–06 – HK Partizan
Serbia (2006–)
* 2006–07 – HK Partizan
* 2007–08 – HK Partizan
* 2008–09 – HK Partizan
* 2009–10 – HK Partizan
* 2010–11 – HK Partizan
* 2011–12 – HK Partizan
* 2012–13 – HK Partizan
* 2013–14 – HK Partizan
* 2014–15 – HK Partizan
* 2015–16 – HK Partizan
* 2016–17 – HK Beograd
* 2017–18 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 2018–19 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 2019–20 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 2020–21 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 2021–22 – HK Vojvodina
* 2022–23 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
* 2023–24 – SKHL Crvena zvezda
| Club | Winners | Winning Years |
| HK Partizan | 13 | 1994, 1995, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 |
| SKHL Crvena zvezda | 11 | 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2005, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023, 2024 |
| HK Vojvodina | 8 | 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2022 |
| HK Beograd | 1 | 2017 |

### All-time champions

| Club | Winners | Winning Years |
| Partizan | 20 | 1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1986, 1994, 1995, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 |
| Crvena zvezda | 11 | 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2005, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023, 2024 |
| Vojvodina | 8 | 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2022 |
| Beograd | 1 | 2017 |
# Mario Benítez

Mario Benítez may refer to:
* Mario Benítez (footballer) (born 1983), Colombian footballer
* Mario Benítez (boxer) (1946–2023), Uruguayan boxer
* Mario Abdo Benítez (born 1971), President of Paraguay
# Alex Hartley

Alex Hartley can refer to:
* Alex Hartley (artist) (born 1963), British artist
* Alex Hartley (cricketer) (born 1993), English cricketer
# O'Brien, California

O'Brien is an unincorporated community in Shasta County, California, United States. O'Brien is located along Interstate 5 16 miles (26 km) north of Redding. O'Brien has a post office with ZIP code 96070, which was established in 1945. The community is named after Con O'Brien, who had a resort in the community.
# Mirage 275

The Mirage 275 is a Canadian sailboat, that was designed by Philippe Harlé and first built in 1986.

## Production

The boat was built by Mirage Yachts in Canada, starting in 1986, but the company went out of business in 1989 and it is now out of production.

## Design

The Mirage 275 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 6,800 lb (3,084 kg) and carries 2,400 lb (1,089 kg) of ballast.
The boat has a draft of 4.33 ft (1.32 m) with the standard keel. An optional shoal draft wing keel version was also available.
The boat is fitted with a Universal diesel engine. The fuel tank holds 10 U.S. gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 10 U.S. gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal).
The wing keel version of the boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 192 with a high of 186 and low of 201. It has a hull speed of 6.36 kn (11.78 km/h).
# Roos Carr figures

The Roos Carr figures are a group of prehistoric wooden figurines found at Roos Carr, near Withernsea in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in 1836.

## Discovery

The figures were found in 1836 by labourers digging a ditch at Roos Carr. The figures were found at a depth of approximately 2 m alongside other wooden objects including a box, a boat with a serpent-head prow, and other degraded objects.
Four of the figures and the boat were donated to the Hull Literary and Philosophical Society and are now in the collection of Hull and East Riding Museum. The museum acquired a fifth figurine from the collection in 1902.

## Description and interpretation

The figures are likely to be Votive offerings. They are all carved from yew wood into humanoid shapes with carved facial features and quartzite eyes. Male and female figures are depicted with what appears to be a removable penis present in the collection. Each boat has space for four figurines and so the original deposit probably contained at least two 'crews'. In 1841 Poulson recorded eight figures known from the site and research suggests that three figures may be from one crew and two from another.
The figures have been radiocarbon dated to 770–409 BC as reported by Dent in 2010 and to 606–509 BC by Coles in 1990. Both dates places the figures in the early Iron Age in date. Similarly dated wooden figures are known from at least six other sites in Britain and Ireland.

## Public display

The figures have been on display in Hull and East Riding Museum and its antecedents. From February to July 2022 they were included as part of 'The World of Stonehenge' exhibition at the British Museum.
# National Water and Climate Center

The United States National Water and Climate Center collects and disseminates water resources and climate data.
It is part of the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The offices are located in Portland, Oregon, near Lloyd Center.
Services include:
# Mélecey

Mélecey is a small commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
Coal mines are operated in the village.
# Michele Fabris

Michele Fabris (1644–8 July 1684) was a Baroque sculptor, born in Hungary, but mainly active in Venice and Padua. A series of busts at the Querini Stampalia Museum, previously attributed to Orazio Marinali, are now attributed to him. Due to his Hungarian origins, he is also referred to as l'Ongaro.
# Madineni Venkat Ratnam

Madineni Venkat Ratnam (born 1973) is an Indian atmospheric scientist, Heading Aerosol, Radiation and Trace gases Group at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory of Department of Space, Government of India. He is known for his studies on middle atmospheric structure and dynamics.

## Early life and education

Born on 21 January 1973, at Armoor in Nizamabad district of the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh to Madineni Ramayya and Madineni Aademma.

## Career

He has published a number of articles; ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 182 of them. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 2018.

## Selected bibliography

* Hima Bindu, H.; Venkat Ratnam, M.; Yesubabu, Viswanadhapalli; Hari Prasad, D. (1 January 2019). "Medium frequency gravity wave characteristics obtained using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 182: 119–129. Bibcode:2019JASTP.182..119H. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2018.11.013. hdl:10754/630201. ISSN 1364-6826. S2CID 125471680.
* Das, Siddarth Shankar; Suneeth, K. V.; Ratnam, M. Venkat; Girach, I. A.; Das, Subrata Kumar (27 August 2018). "Upper tropospheric ozone transport from the sub-tropics to tropics over the Indian region during Asian summer monsoon". Climate Dynamics. 52 (7–8): 4567–4581. doi:10.1007/s00382-018-4418-6. ISSN 1432-0894. S2CID 133685815.
* Emmanuel, Maria; Sunilkumar, S. V.; Venkat Ratnam, M.; Muhsin, M.; Parameswaran, K.; Krishna Murthy, B. V. (1 November 2018). "Diurnal variation of the tropospheric water vapour over a coastal and an inland station in Southern Indian Peninsula". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 179: 11–21. Bibcode:2018JASTP.179...11E. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2018.06.007. ISSN 1364-6826. S2CID 126401388.
* Basha, Ghouse; Kishore, P.; Ratnam, M. Venkat; Ravindra Babu, S.; Velicogna, Isabella; Jiang, Jonathan H.; Ao, Chi O. (24 May 2018). "Global climatology of planetary boundary layer top obtained from multi-satellite GPS RO observations". Climate Dynamics. 52 (3–4): 2385–2398. doi:10.1007/s00382-018-4269-1. ISSN 1432-0894. S2CID 134124067.
* Eswaraiah, S.; Venkata Chalapathi, G.; Niranjan Kumar, K.; Venkat Ratnam, M.; Kim, Yong Ha; Vishnu Prasanth, P.; Lee, Jaewook; Rao, S. V. B. (1 April 2018). "A case study of convectively generated gravity waves coupling of the lower atmosphere and mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) over the tropical region: An observational evidence". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 169: 45–51. Bibcode:2018JASTP.169...45E. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2018.01.005. ISSN 1364-6826.
# Mcebisi

Mcebisi is a South African masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Mcebisi Jonas (born 1960), South African politician
* Mcebisi Skwatsha (born 1964), South African politician
# Nickel(II) chromate

Nickel(II) chromate (NiCrO$_4$) is an acid-soluble compound, red-brown in color, with high tolerances for heat. It and the ions that compose it have been linked to tumor formation and gene mutation, particularly to wildlife.

## Synthesis

Nickel(II) chromate can be formed in the lab by heating a mixture of chromium(III) oxide and nickel oxide at between 700 °C and 800 °C under oxygen at 1000 atm pressure. It can be produced at 535 °C and 7.3 bar oxygen, but the reaction takes days to complete. If the pressure is too low or temperature too high but above 660 °C, then the nickel chromium spinel NiCr$_2$O$_4$ forms instead.
Karin Brandt also claimed to make nickel chromate using a hydrothermal technique.
Precipitates of Ni$^{2+}$ ions with chromate produce a brown substance that contains water.

## Properties

The structure of nickel chromate is the same as for chromium vanadate, CrVO$_4$. Crystals have an orthorhombic structure with unit cell sizes a = 5.482 Å, b = 8.237 Å, c = 6.147 Å. The cell volume is 277.6 Å$^3$ with four formula per unit cell.
Nickel chromate is dark in colour, unlike most other chromates which are yellow. The infrared spectrum of nickel chromate show two sets of absorption bands. The first includes lines at 925, 825, and 800 cm$^{−1}$ due to Cr-O stretching, and the second has lines at 430, 395, 365 (very weak) due to Cr-O rock and bend and 310 cm$^{−1}$ produced from Ni-O stretching.

## Reaction

When heated at lower oxygen pressure around 600 °C, nickel chromate decomposes to the nickel chromite spinel, nickel oxide and oxygen.
    4 NiCrO$_4$ → 2 NiCr$_2$O$_4$ + 2 NiO + 3 O$_2$ (gas)

## Related

Nickel chromates can also crystallize with ligands. For instance, with 1,10-phenanthroline it can form triclinic olive-colored crystals of [Ni(1,10-phenanthroline)CrO$_4$•3H$_2$O]•H$_2$O, orange crystals of Ni(1,10-phenanthroline)$_3$Cr$_2$O$_7$•3H$_2$O, and yellow powdered Ni(1,10-phenanthroline)$_3$Cr$_2$O$_7$•8H$_2$O.
# American colonies (disambiguation)

American colonies may refer to:
* American Colonies, a 2001 book by Alan Taylor
* Thirteen Colonies, which became the United States of America in 1776
* United Colonies, name of the United States used in 1775 until September 1776
* European colonization of the Americas
* American imperialism
# Mirage 27

Mirage 27 may refer to either of two boat designs produced by Mirage Yachts under the same name:
* Mirage 27 (Perry)
* Mirage 27 (Schmidt)
# Roos Gailen Saiyen Hamaar

Roos Gailen Saiyen Hamaar is a Bhojpuri film released in 1988 directed by Nazir Hussain.
# William Benton (cricketer)

William Manstead Benton (11 July 1873 – 17 August 1916) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Middlesex in two matches in 1913. He was born in Chelsea, London and died near Méricourt-l'Abbé, France, on active service during World War I.
A clergyman and soldier, he served throughout the Boer War. The year before his death on active service, he was wounded in France and sent home as an invalid in 1915. Before the First World War, he had been curate-in-charge of Bearsted in Kent, and his club cricket was for Mote Park Cricket Club in Maidstone.
# XtremeAir

XtremeAir GmbH was a Chinese aircraft manufacturer based in Cochstedt, Germany that was founded by Harro Moewes in December 2005. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of aerobatic aircraft in the form of type-certified designs.

## Personnel

The company employed about 50 people. XtremeAir's last CEO was Qing Liu and Quality Manager was Waldemar Sawenko. The Sbach series of aircraft were designed by Philipp Steinbach.

## History

In December 2006, the company moved into a newly constructed 2,400 m$^2$ (26,000 sq ft) manufacturing plant at the Magdeburg–Cochstedt Airport.
The Sbach 300 was flown to a German national unlimited class aerobatic championship.
In 2018, XtremeAir was purchased by Chinese firm Zair Aerospace headquartered in Wuhan,
The company went into liquidation in March 2021.