# Rytwiany

Rytwiany is a village in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Rytwiany. It lies on the Czarna Staszowska river, approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Staszów and 58 km (36 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kielce.

## History

Rytwiany, which belongs to the historic province of Lesser Poland, has a rich and long history. First documented owner of the village was a nobleman named Piotr Bogoria Skotnicki (13th century), and across the centuries, Rytwiany belonged to a number of owners, including Cardinal Wojciech Jastrzębiec, Hieronymus Jaroslaw Łaski, the Lubomirski family, the Potocki family, the Radziwiłł family, and several others.
In 1425–1436, Bishop Jastrzębiec built a defensive Gothic castle in Rytwiany, surrounded by the swamps of the Czarna river. The castle, partly destroyed in 1657 (see Deluge) was inhabited until the 19th century, then fell into a ruin, to be finally demolished in 1859. All that now remains of it is a fortified tower. In the early 17th century, when the village and the castle belonged to the Tęczyński family, it was a cultural center of the region. In 1621, upon request of Jan Tęczyński, Camaldolese monks settled here, building an abbey and a church. The monks moved to Warsaw in 1819, and their church now serves as a local parish church. In the late 19th century, the Radziwiłł family, who were the last owners of the village, built here a palace, which was remodelled in 2005 and now is a hotel.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Polish resistance movement was active in the village, and Polish underground press was distributed in Rytwiany.

## Demography

According to the 2002 Poland census, there were 1,672 people residing in Rytwiany village, of whom 49.5% were male and 50.5% were female. In the village, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 37.7% from 18 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older.
   Table 1. Population level of village in 2002 — by age group :
   | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | Measure unit | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) | POPULATION (by age group in 2002) |
   | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | Measure unit | TOTAL | 0-9 | 10-19 | 20-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-59 | 60-69 | 70-79 | 80 + |
   | I. | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | person | 1,672 | 191 | 254 | 248 | 222 | 259 | 184 | 141 | 120 | 53 |
   | I. | — | of which in | of which in | of which in | % | 100 | 11.4 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 13.3 | 15.5 | 11 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 3.2 |
   | I. | 1. | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX | BY SEX |
   | I. | 1. | A. | Males | Males | person | 828 | 96 | 134 | 128 | 119 | 134 | 97 | 57 | 51 | 12 |
   | I. | 1. | A. | — | of which in | % | 49.5 | 5.7 | 8 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 8 | 5.8 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 0.7 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | Females | Females | person | 844 | 95 | 120 | 120 | 103 | 125 | 87 | 84 | 69 | 41 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | — | of which in | % | 50.5 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 5 | 4.1 | 2.5 |
   Table 2. Population level of village in 2002 — by sex :
   | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | Measure unit | POPULATION (by sex in 2002) | POPULATION (by sex in 2002) | POPULATION (by sex in 2002) |
   | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | SPECIFICATION | Measure unit | TOTAL | Males | Females |
   | I. | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | TOTAL | person | 1,672 | 828 | 844 |
   | I. | — | of which in | of which in | of which in | of which in | % | 100 | 49.5 | 50.5 |
   | I. | 1. | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP | BY AGE GROUP |
   | I. | 1. | A. | At pre-working age | At pre-working age | At pre-working age | person | 397 | 207 | 190 |
   | I. | 1. | A. | — | of which in | of which in | % | 23.7 | 12.4 | 11.3 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | At working age. grand total | At working age. grand total | At working age. grand total | person | 985 | 525 | 460 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | — | of which in | of which in | % | 58.9 | 31.4 | 27.5 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | a. | at mobile working age | at mobile working age | person | 630 | 330 | 300 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | a. | — | of which in | % | 37.7 | 19.8 | 17.9 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | b. | at non-mobile working age | at non-mobile working age | person | 355 | 195 | 160 |
   | I. | 1. | B. | b. | — | of which in | % | 21.2 | 11.7 | 9.5 |
   | I. | 1. | C. | At post-working age | At post-working age | At post-working age | person | 290 | 96 | 194 |
   | I. | 1. | C. | — | of which in | of which in | % | 17.3 | 5.7 | 11.6 |