OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Principality of Debdou

The Principality of Debdou was an autonomous hereditary viceroyalty that existed in eastern Morocco from 1430 to 1563, with its capital at Debdou. It was governed by the Ouartajin, a dynasty of Berber descent, related to the Marinids and Wattasids.

## History

The Principality of Debdou was first established in 1430 as a governorate of Morocco, then ruled by the Marinids. Debdou served as a march of the Marinid Sultanate against the Abd al-Wadid Kingdom of Tlemcen.
By the second half of the 15th century, the Ouartajin gained more autonomy towards Fez, as the Marinids lost their prestige and most of their power to the Wattasid Viziers. The Principality became fully autonomous when Muhammad ibn Ahmed was appointed Viceroy of Debdou by the Wattasid Sultan Muhammad ibn Yahya (r. 1472–1504).
During the last years of the reign of Muhammad II, the Principality of Debdou became a tributary state of the Saadians. Moulay Ammar assisted the Ottomans in the Capture of Fez in 1554 and later defected to the Saadians in the Battle of Wadi al-Laban in 1558 against the Turks of Hasan Pasha. In 1563, the Saadi Sultan Abdallah al-Ghalib overthrew the Ouartajin and made Debdou a fully dependent Pashalik of Morocco, serving to defend against the Ottoman Empire.

## List of Emirs

| Reign | Emir | Notes |
| 1430–1460 | Musa ibn Hammu | Appointed governor of Debdou. |
| 1460–1485 | Ahmad ibn Musa | |
| 1485–1515 | Muhammad ibn Ahmad | Appointed Viceroy of Debdou after being besieged by Muhammad ibn Yahya. |
| 1515–1550 | Muhammad II | Became tributary of the Saadi Sultanate. |
| 1550–1563 | Ammar | Annexation of the Principality following his death by Abdallah al-Ghalib. |
# Reality (James Brown song)

"Reality" is a song recorded by James Brown. Released as a single in 1975, it charted #19 R&B and #80 Pop. It also appeared on an album of the same name.
# Rambukewela

Rambukewela is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# List of mayors of Portland

List of mayors of Portland may refer to:
* List of mayors of Portland, Maine
* List of mayors of Portland, Oregon
# Scott's rule

Scott's rule is a method to select the number of bins in a histogram. Scott's rule is widely employed in data analysis software including R, Python and Microsoft Excel where it is the default bin selection method.
For a set of $n$ observations $x_{i}$ let ${\hat {f}}(x)$ be the histogram approximation of some function $f(x)$. The integrated mean squared error (IMSE) is
    ${\text{IMSE}}=E\left[\int _{\infty }^{\infty }dx({\hat {f}}(x)-f(x))^{2}\right]$
Where $E[\cdot ]$ denotes the expectation across many independent draws of $n$ data points. By Taylor expanding to first order in $h$, the bin width, Scott showed that the optimal width is
    $h^{*}=\left(6/\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }f'(x)^{2}dx\right)^{1/3}n^{-1/3}$
This formula is also the basis for the Freedman–Diaconis rule.
By taking a normal reference i.e. assuming that $f(x)$ is a normal distribution, the equation for $h^{*}$ becomes
    $h^{*}=\left(24{\sqrt {\pi }}\right)^{1/3}\sigma n^{-1/3}\sim 3.5\sigma n^{-1/3}$
where $\sigma$ is the standard deviation of the normal distribution and is estimated from the data. With this value of bin width Scott demonstrates that
    ${\text{IMSE}}\propto n^{-2/3}$
showing how quickly the histogram approximation approaches the true distribution as the number of samples increases.

## Terrell–Scott rule

Another approach developed by Terrell and Scott is based on the observation that, among all densities $g(x)$ defined on a compact interval, say $|x|<1/2$, with derivatives which are absolutely continuous, the density which minimises $\int _{\infty }^{\infty }dx(g^{(k)}(x))^{2}$ is
    $f_{k}(x)={\begin{cases}{\frac {(2k+1)!}{2^{2k}(k!)^{2}}}(1-4x^{2})^{k},\quad &|x|\leq 1/2\\0&|x|>1/2\end{cases}}$
Using this with $k=1$ in the expression for $h^{*}$ gives an upper bound on the value of bin width which is
    $h_{TS}^{*}=\left({\frac {4}{n}}\right)^{1/3}.$
So, for functions satisfying the continuity conditions, at least
    $k_{TS}={\frac {b-a}{h^{*}}}=\left(2n\right)^{1/3}$
bins should be used.
This rule is also called the oversmoothed rule or the Rice rule, so called because both authors worked at Rice University. The Rice rule is often reported with the factor of 2 outside the cube root, $2\left(n\right)^{1/3}$, and may be considered a different rule. The key difference from Scott's rule is that this rule does not assume the data is normally distributed and the bin width only depends on the number of samples, not on any properties of the data.
In general $\left(2n\right)^{1/3}$ is not an integer so $\lceil \left(2n\right)^{1/3}\rceil$ is used where $\lceil \cdot \rceil$ denotes the ceiling function.
# Peter Deyneka

Peter N. Deyneka Sr. (July 12, 1897 – July 29, 1987) was a Russian-American evangelist and a missionary to the Russian diaspora. Born in what is present-day Belarus, Deyneka immigrated to Chicago in 1914, where he worked in a machine shop. Reared in the Russian Orthodox Church and briefly claiming to be an atheist, Deyneka was converted to evangelical Christianity in 1920 under the ministry of Paul Rader at Moody Memorial Church.
Believing that he was called to evangelize his own people, Deyneka attended Moody Bible Institute and graduated from St. Paul Bible School in 1925 as valedictorian. When he returned to the Soviet Union he discovered only his mother and one brother were alive; his father, three brothers, and two sisters had starved to death during the Russian famine of 1921. Deyneka married Vera Demidovich on May 23, 1926, before working in Latvia and Estonia as field secretary for the All-Russian Evangelical Union and then engaging in a number of preaching tours to the worldwide Russian diaspora.
In January 1934, he and three other men formed a committee to support his work. Two years later, they incorporated as the Russian Gospel Association, the name of which was changed to the Slavic Gospel Association (SGA) in 1949.
Deyneka wrote several books, including an autobiography. In 1975, he retired as general director of the Slavic Gospel Association and was succeeded by his son, Peter Deyneka Jr. (1931-2000).
# Lola Margaret

Lola MargaretListen (born Lola Margaret Oladipupo) is a Nigerian actress, film producer and film director. Lola lost her parents in 1999 and lived all her childhood life with her aunt. Her career came into the limelight after she starred as the lead character in the movie Bisola Alanu.

## Early life and education

Margaret was born in Ilesa, Osun State, southwestern Nigeria where she went on to complete her basic and secondary school education and her west Africa examination certificate (WAEC). She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and International Relations after graduating from Lagos State University.

## Career

Margaret's acting career started after she met Bolaji Amusan, a Nigerian comic actor who introduced her to acting. Her career came to the limelight after she played the lead character in the movie Bisola Alanu. Lola has also starred in several movies, including Eyin Akuko and Omo Oloro, a film she produced starring the likes of Fathia Balogun and Mercy Aigbe.

## Her personal life

On 12 June 2017, she was arrested and charged by the Atlanta police for having carried out fraudulent activities. Margaret was reportedly arrested after a huge amount of money was reportedly deposited into her account and she tried to withdraw it. But later on she was released and deported to Nigeria and she is reported to have been keeping a low profile in Ibadan.

## Selected filmography

* Bisola Alanu 2014
* Eyin Akuko, 2008
* Omo Oloro, 2016
* Agbara Ife (The Power of Love), 2016
* Sparrow, 2021
# Loose Walk

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Loose Walk is a 1972 album by Count Basie and Roy Eldridge.

## Reception

Scott Yanow, writing for AllMusic, said that "[i]ronically, the earliest recording by Count Basie for Norman Granz's Pablo label was one of the most recent to be released." He called it "a set of jammable standards", yielding "quite fun" results.
Nat Hentoff, in his book Listen to the Stories: Nat Hentoff on Jazz and Country Music, wrote that "Elridge is intimately lyrical on I Surrender Dear and sounds like a whip on other tracks." On Basie's playing, he wrote that he "is moved...to break out into some robust stride piano that hadn't been heard from him in years."

## Track listing

* "In a Mellow Tone" (Duke Ellington, Milt Gabler) – 6:45
* "Loose Walk" (Sonny Stitt) – 7:20
* "Makin' Whoopee" (Walter Donaldson, Gus Kahn) – 4:37
* "If I Had You" (Jimmy Campbell, Reginald Connelly, Ted Shapiro) – 3:50
* "I Surrender Dear" (Harry Barris, Gordon Clifford) – 5:25
* "5400 North" (Roy Eldridge) – 6:50

## Personnel

* Count Basie – piano
* Roy Eldridge – trumpet
* Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis – tenor saxophone
* Freddie Green – guitar
* Al Grey – trombone
* Harold Jones – drums
* Norman Keenan – double bass
# Planodes longemaculatus

Planodes longemaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1960, originally as Planodes longemaculata. It is known from the Philippines.
# Purlovia

Purlovia is an extinct genus of herbivorous therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian of Russia. Fossils have been found from the Tonshayevsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. The type species of Purlovia, P. maxima, was named in 2011.
In comparison to other therocephalians, Purlovia had a very wide skull due to a widened temporal region. Viewed from above, it looks roughly triangular. The skull is about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long, with nearly half its length in the postorbital region behind the eye sockets. It has large canine teeth and smaller buccal, or cheek teeth, along the thick upper and lower jaws. The lower jaw is robust and curved upward, with a well-developed symphyseal region where the two halves of the jaw meet.

## Classification

Although it and the South African Nanictidops were considered closely related and classified as the only two members of Nanictidopidae by Ivakhnenko 2011 as they shared a wide temporal region, Liu and Abdala 2020 found little relation between the two genera and instead classifies Nanictidops as the basalmost member of Baurioidea, while Purlovia forms an exclusively Laurasian clade with Caodeyao from China instead.
# Rainer Sarnet

Rainer Sarnet (born March 3, 1969) is an Estonian film director whose work started in animation. He then worked in advertising and publishing. His works include November and The Invisible Fight.
# Maclean, Queensland

Maclean, Queensland may refer to two localities in Logan City, Queensland, Australia:
* North Maclean, Queensland
* South Maclean, Queensland
# Rambuasalama augustasi

Rambuasalama augustasi is a moth in the family Cossidae, and the only species in the genus Rambuasalama. It is found in Madagascar.
# Podlom

Podlom (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Kamnik in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It lies in the Kamnik Alps, just under the Črnivec Pass.
# Martyn Campbell

Martyn Craig Campbell (born 1970 in Liverpool) is an English bass guitarist.
He is best known for his work with Rain, the Lightning Seeds, Richard Ashcroft, Wah! and Terry Hall. Campbell has also worked with Pete Wylie, and toured with Shack.

## Associated acts

* Rain (1988–1992)
* The Lightning Seeds (1994–2000, 2009–present)
* Shack (2007–present)

## Session discography

* Rain - A Taste of Rain (1991)
* The Lightning Seeds - Dizzy Heights (1996)
* Terry Hall - Laugh (1997)
* The Lightning Seeds - Tilt (1999)
* Mike Badger - Double Zero (2000)
* Arthur Lee & Shack - Live in Liverpool (2000)
* Steve Roberts - It Just Is (2001)
* Richard Ashcroft - Human Conditions (2002)
* John Power - Happening for Love (2003)
* Mike Badger - Lo Fi Acoustic Excursions (2004)
* Richard Ashcroft - Keys to the World (2006)
* Mike Badger - Rogue State (2011)
# Martyn Clayton

Martyn Clayton is a British author of Roma : A People On The Edge (Braiswick 2003) a non-fiction book exploring the history and current situation of the Roma Gypsy peoples worldwide and a novel, Take Me Out (Subculture Books 2008).
# Rufigallol

Rufigallol or 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone is an organic compound with formula C $_{14}$O $_8$H $_8$. It one of several hydroxyanthraquinones. It occurs naturally being derived from gallic acid.
The compound is soluble in dioxane, from which it crystallizes as red needles that sublime without melting at 365 °C. It can be obtained by treating gallic acid with concentrated sulfuric acid and then with sodium hydroxide. It is prepared by acid-catalyzed condensation of a pair of gallic acid molecules.
Rufigallol is particularly toxic to the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and has a synergistic effect in combination with the antimalarial drug exifone, which has structural similarities to rufigallol.
Rufigallol forms a crimson-colored complex with beryllium, aluminium, thorium, zirconium and hafnium, and this reaction has been used for the spot and spectrophotometric determination of beryllium in low concentrations.
# Rufiji River

The Rufiji River lies entirely within Tanzania. It is also the largest and longest river in the country. The river is formed by the confluence of the Kilombero and Luwegu rivers. It is approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) long, with its source in southwestern Tanzania and its mouth on the Indian Ocean opposite Mafia Island across the Mafia Channel, in Pwani Region. Its principal tributary is the Great Ruaha River. It is navigable for approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi).
The Rufiji river is approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) south of Dar es Salaam. The river's delta contains the largest mangrove forest in eastern Africa.

## History

A branch of ancient sea routes led down the East African coast called "Azania" by the Greeks and Romans in the 1st century CE as described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (and, very probably, Chinese: 澤散 in the 3rd century by the Chinese), at least as far as the port known to the Romans as Rhapta, which was probably located in the delta of the Rufiji River in modern Tanzania.
During the First World War, from October 1914 to July 1915, the river delta was the scene of a protracted naval operation. These were the attempts, and later achievement, by the Royal Navy to neutralize and destroy the German cruiser Königsberg.

## Basin

The catchment basin for the Rufiji River complex is 177,429 square kilometres (68,506 sq mi).
Rufiji Basin catchment area :
| River | Area km$^2$ | Percentage of area | Percentage of run-off |
| Great Ruaha | 83,970 | 47 | 15 |
| Kilombero | 39,990 | 23 | 62 |
| Luwegu | 26,300 | 15 | 18 |
| Rufiji (lower river) | 27,160 | 15 | 5 |
| Total | 177,429 | 100 | 100 |

## Hydroelectric Project

Tanzania president John Magufuli has approved the construction of a controversial new dam and power station on the river at Stiegler's Gorge. The power station is expected to provide 2,100 megawatts of electricity, more than triple Tanzania's existing installed hydropower capacity which is only 562 megawatts. Construction of the dam started on July 26, 2019, and it is expected be ready by 2022.
# Ruchill Park

Ruchill Park is a public park in Ruchill, Glasgow, Scotland, approximately 2 miles (3 km) north-west of the city centre. It is adjacent to the former location of Ruchill Hospital on Bilsland Drive.

## History

In 1892, Glasgow Corporation acquired the site of Ruchill Park for the construction of Ruchill Hospital.

## Facilities

Ruchill Park has a wide range of facilities, including:
* Jogging trails
* Play areas
* Flowerbeds
* Conservation areas
* Disc golf (12 hole course)
As well as this, the park features a small hillock with a flagpole (lit when it is dark) which has one of the best possible viewpoints of the whole city and surrounding area.

## Events

Each Saturday at 9:30am the park hosts Ruchill parkrun, a free weekly 5 km (3.1 mi) run
# Scorpion Soup

Scorpion Soup is a limited edition collection of stories by the travel writer and novelist Tahir Shah. The book was released on June 8, 2013 by Secretum Mundi Publishing.

## Overview

The collection is unusual in that all 18 stories link into one another, starting with a first person story about a fisherman, and returning to that same character. Inspired by the Arabian Nights, Shah experiments with interwoven layers, allowing one tale to flow into the next in a technique known as the Frame story. As occurs in the Arabian Nights, there is often no ending to one story before the next begins. The book has been inspired and is an homage to his grandfather, Ikbal Ali Shah.

## The stories of Scorpion Soup

* The Fisherman
* Idyll
* Capilongo
* Mittle-Mittle
* The Tale of the Rusty Nail
* The Shop That Sold Truth
* Frogland
* The Book of Pure Thoughts
* The Fish’s Dream
* Scorpion Soup
* The Clockmaker’s Bride
* The Most Foolish of Man
* The Man Whose Arms Grew Branches
* The Hermit
* Cat, Mouse
* The Singing Serpents
* The Princess of Zilzilam

## Illustrations

Scorpion Soup is illustrated with fold out maps from the Atlas Maior by the great seventeenth century Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu.

## Reviews

* Stories within stories: A review of Tahir Shah’s ‘Scorpion Soup’ in The Toronto Review of Books.
* Review: Scorpion Soup in Bookfabulous blog.
* Book Review in Mystical Faction blog.
* Like a Moth to a Flame in The Uncustomary book review.
* An Intriguing Story within a Story in What Nikki reads.
# Milovan Gavazzi

Milovan Gavazzi (18 March 1895 – 20 January 1992) was a Croatian ethnographer.
Two awards of the Croatian Ethnographic Society are named after him: the annual award and lifetime achievements award, in ethnology.
In 1992, the entire private library (over 1500 volumes of journals and over 1600 books) of Milovan Gavazzi was donated to the library of the Department of Ethnology, Zagreb.

## Monographs

* Godina dana hrvatskih narodnih običaja (1939) (1988: ISBN 8680825387) (free download from scribd)
* Vrela i sudbine narodnih tradicija (1978)
* Baština hrvatskog sela (1991) (1993: ISBN 9536054027)
* Izabrani radovi s podrucja glazbe (1919-1976), 1988, ISBN 8680825271
# Ruian Street station

Ruian Street Station (Chinese: 瑞安街站), is a station on Line 7 of the Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on October 1, 2018. It is located in Wuchang District.

## Station layout

| G | Entrances and Exits | |
| B1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 7 towards Garden Expo North (Wuchang Railway Station) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B2 | Southbound | Line 7 towards Qinglongshan Ditiexiaozhen (Jian'an Street) → |
# Rui de Sá

General Rui de Sá, also known as General Dibala, was an Angolan liberation rebel who served as the representative of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) to Egypt in the 1970s.
# Sciodaphyllum euryphyllum

Sciodaphyllum euryphyllum is a species of plant in the family Araliaceae. It is endemic to Peru. It is known only from Junin Department, where it grows in Andean cloud forests.
# Scott, Wisconsin

Scott is the name of several places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:
* Scott, Brown County, Wisconsin, a town
* Scott, Burnett County, Wisconsin, a town
* Scott, Columbia County, Wisconsin, a town
* Scott, Crawford County, Wisconsin, a town
* Scott, Lincoln County, Wisconsin, a town
* Scott, Monroe County, Wisconsin, a town
* Scott, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, a town
# Ruiner (Nothing,Nowhere album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Dead Press! | |
| Pitchfork | 5.6/10 |
| The Soundboard | 5/10 |
| Stars and Scars | Positive |
| Upset | |
Ruiner is the third studio album by American rapper nothing,nowhere. The album was released on April 13, 2018 through Fueled by Ramen.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Joseph Edward Mulherin
# Minho wine region

Minho, formerly Rios do Minho, is a Portuguese wine region covering the same areas as the Vinho Verde DOC. The region is classified as a Vinho Regional (VR), a designation similar to a French vin de pays region. The wines of the Minho and Vinho Verde are nearly identical except for the Minho VR allowing foreign grape varieties to be used that are excluded from the Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) regulations for Vinho Verde.

## Grapes

The principal grapes of the Minho region include Alvarinho, Arinto, Avesso, Azal Branco, Azal Tinto, Batoca, Borracal, Brancelho, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Espadeiro, Loureiro, Merlot, Padreiro de Basto, Pedral, Rabo de Ovelha, Riesling, Trajadura and Vinhão.
# Minding

Minding may refer to:
* Ferdinand Minding (1806–1885), German mathematician
* Minding (horse), Thoroughbred racehorse
# Scopula rubellata

Scopula rubellata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Staudinger in 1871. It is found in France, Spain and Portugal.
The wingspan is about 21 to 22 millimetres (0.83 to 0.87 in).
# Rudzica

Rudzica may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Rudzica, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
* Rudzica, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Rudzica, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
# Minna Turunen

Minna Turunen (born 22 April 1969 in Lahti) is a Finnish actress. Turunen graduated from the Helsinki Theatre Academy in 1994.
Turunen's son is the actor and TV host Roope Salminen.

## Filmography
### Television

* Salatut elämät (2007) – Taru Saaristo
* Mogadishu Avenue (2006) – Irina Totkunen
* Haluatko filmitähdeksi? (2003) – hostess
* Klubi (1998) – Janita Westin
* Tuliportaat (1998) – Carola Jarvis
* Takaisin kotiin (1995)
* Rapman (1995)
* Kuudesti laukeava (in three episodes, 1992) – Titta Hytönen-Amin
* Ruusun aika (in five episodes, 1990–1991) – Nurse Jonna Joki

### Films

* Vares - Yksityisetsivä (2004) – Ifigenia Multanen
* Umur (2002) – Umur
* Ken tulta pyytää (2001) – Alarm centrum
* Lapin kullan kimallus (1999) – Ralla-Kaisa
* Esa ja Vesa - auringonlaskun ratsastajat (1994) – 2. receptionist
* Romanovin kivet (1993) – Interpreter
* Kotia päin (1989) – Annette
# Schuster Vance

Schuster Vance (September 21, 1960 – December 12, 2007) was an American television and film actor. His birth name was Henry Schuster Vance III. In addition to his roles as a supporting actor in a number of films and television shows, Vance was also a member of the East Coast chapter of the Becker's Precision Driving Professionals team, who perform for television and movie productions. He was a member of the Screen Actors Guild.
Vance died on December 12, 2007, at the Gilchrist Hospice in Baltimore, Maryland, at the age of 47. He had been suddenly diagnosed with cancer just a week before his death. His funeral was held at the Christ Lutheran Church of Bethesda, Maryland.
# María Elena Arpón

María Elena Arpón (born 1948) is a Spanish actress.
She played Virginia in the Spanish horror film La noche del terror ciego (1972), directed by Amando de Ossorio and starring Lone Fleming and César Burner.

## Filmography

* El pez de los ojos de oro (1974) as Amante de Zachary
* Fuzzy the Hero (1973) as Beatrice Rush
* Hunchback of the Morgue (1973) as Ilse
* ¡Qué cosas tiene el amor! (1973) as Secretaria
* Disco rojo (1973) as Mónica
* Las tres perfectas casadas (1973) as Nancy
* Los paladines (1972)
* Tombs of the Blind Dead (1972) as Virginia White
* La montaña rebelde (1971) as Rita
* Black story (La historia negra de Peter P. Peter) (1971) as Novia de Pepe
* El Cristo del Océano (1971) as Elisa
* Pierna creciente, falda menguante (1970) as Criada de Lupe
* Crimen imperfecto (1970) as Mariví (as Elena Arpón)
* Por qué pecamos a los cuarenta (1970) as Secretaria de Federico
* De profesión, sus labores (1970) as Secretaria de Juan
* The House That Screamed (1969) as Alumna
* Soltera y madre en la vida (1969) as Enfermera
* Dame un poco de amooor...! (1968) as Recepcionista hipnotizada
# Scott Sutcliffe

Scott Sutcliffe (born 10 February 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).