OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Monument to the Italians Fallen in Africa, Siracusa

The Monument to the Fallen Italians in Africa (Monumento ai Caduti italiani d'Africa) is a Fascist era monument, dedicated to the Italians who died during the Ethiopian War (1935-1936), and assembled only in the 1960s on the seashore in Siracusa, region of Sicily, Italy. The monument, sculpted and designed by Romano Romanelli, was initially meant to be shipped in 1940 and assembled in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia; however, the Second World War prevented the transport, and led to its installation more than two decades later at this site, chosen because Syracuse had been a center for embarcation of troops for the African wars.

## Description

In June of 1940, at the outbreak of Italian intervention in World War II, the bronze statues and sculpted marble reliefs were loaded on to ships for transport to Ethiopia. The outbreak of war prevented their shipment through the Suez canal, and the items were mothballed in storage. In 1952, the sculptor Romano Romanelli proposed its placement in Siracusa, at the present scenographic locale in the piazza dei Cappuccini overlooking the Ionian sea. The assembly of a Fascist monument was not without controversy.
The monument recalls Ancient Roman monuments. Set atop a plinth, from the front it is approached by broad staircases. Towards the land is a larger-than-life bronze statue of a robust modern soldier on foot leading a horse, recalling the statues of the Dioscuri in the Quirinale fountain. Flanking the portal are the years and Ethiopian battle sites. The front of the monument has a boat prow, and faces the Ionian Sea towards Africa. Surrounding the monument are bronze sculptures of elements of the army, including infantry, navy, air force (with bomb), and local African muslim mercenaries, known as Askari. Bas-reliefs depict battles and a tank used in the war. The interior, mainly kept shuttered has a votive chapel. The monument is prone to vandalization and graffiti.
In 1999, veterans of the paratroop regiments place a plaque in memory of the second world war Lieutenant Coronel Giovanni Alberto Bechi Luserna. In 2012, the Siracusan cultural association, Lamba Doria, placed a plaque recalling the victims of the sinking of the Conte Rosso transport ship in 1941, while in the Siracusa port.

## Gallery

* Plaque recalling the sinking of the Conte Rosso
# Mediastan

Mediastan - A WikiLeaks Road Movie is a 2013 documentary film about a group of WikiLeaks staff travelling through Central Asia finding local partners to publish sensitive material about the local area from the 2010 United States diplomatic cables leak. It was directed by Johannes Wahlström and produced by Julian Assange, Rebecca O'Brien, Lauren Dark and Ken Loach's company Sixteen Films. Its release was timed to challenge that of The Fifth Estate, a film dramatisation about WikiLeaks which Assange has described as a "propaganda attack" against the organisation. The film debuted at the Raindance Film Festival.
# Mediaster

Mediaster is a genus of starfish in the family Goniasteridae. It was circumscribed in 1857 by William Stimpson for M. aequalis, the genus's type species. Its junior synonym is the genus Isaster, which was circumscribed in 1894 by Addison Emery Verrill for the species now known as M. bairdi. Verrill himself synonymized the two genus names in 1899.

## Species

As of 2017, the World Register of Marine Species lists the following species as being in the genus:
* Mediaster aequalis Stimpson, 1857
* Mediaster arcuatus (Sladen, 1889)
* Mediaster australiensis H.L. Clark, 1916
* Mediaster bairdi (Verrill, 1882)
* Mediaster boardmani (Livingstone, 1934)
* Mediaster brachiatus Goto, 1914
* Mediaster capensis H.L. Clark, 1923
* Mediaster gartrelli H.E.S. Clark, 2001
* Mediaster murrayi Macan, 1938
* Mediaster ornatus Fisher, 1906
* Mediaster pedicellaris (Perrier, 1881)
* Mediaster praestans Livingstone, 1933
* Mediaster sladeni Benham, 1909
* Mediaster tenellus Fisher, 1905
* Mediaster transfuga Ludwig, 1905
# Mehelkuna

Mehelkuna is a village development committee in Surkhet District in the Bheri Zone of mid-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7649 people living in 1404 individual households. Pavitra Bazzar is the largest town in this VDC. There are two Higher Secondary Schools.
# Mehely's blind mole-rat

Mehely's blind mole-rat (Spalax antiquus) is an endangered species of rodent in the family Spalacidae. It is endemic to Romania.

## Taxonomy

Previously described in 1909 by Lajos Méhelÿ as a subspecies of the Balkan mole-rat (S. graecus), a 2013 morphological and phylogenetic analysis found it and the Oltenia blind mole-rat (S. istricus) to be distinct, well-defined species. It is thought to be the sister species to S. graecus, and it is thought that the Carpathian Orogeny led to the separation of both species. The American Society of Mammalogists and IUCN Red List follow the results of this study.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is restricted to central Romania, where it is thought to be an endemic species of the Carpathian Basin. It inhabits steppe and forest-steppe grasslands on the Transylvanian Plain. Its habitats are largely used as pastureland, although it avoids overgrazed pastures.

## Status

This species has suffered a heavy decline in recent decades, and is classified as an endangered species by the IUCN Red List. It is thought to number between 3,550 and 3,800 mature individuals, and may have been extirpated from the southern and southeastern regions of the Transylvanian Plain.
The primary threat to this species are the different factors leading to habitat loss; most populations only survive in suboptimal habitat due as the heavy cultivation of the most favorable habitats, which are fertile loess soils. The most important factor leading to its decline is deep tillage, which prevents the formation of suitable vegetation types and destroys the burrows of this species. In addition, this species is threatened by development and overgrazing of its habitats. Climate change may also affect this species, as genetic and fossil evidence indicates that blind mole-rats were historically sensitive to climate fluctuations (prior fluctuations spurred diversification rather than extinction among mole-rats, but there are little to no dispersal capabilities left for mole-rats in the modern day in order to adapt to ongoing changes), but the extent and direction of this impact remains uncertain.
# Mecate rein

The mecate (/məˈkɑːtiː/ or less anglicized /məˈkɑːteɪ/; Spanish pronunciation:) is the rein system of the bosal style hackamore used to train young horses. It is a long rope, traditionally of horsehair, approximately 20–25 feet long and up to about 3/4 inch in diameter. It is tied to the bosal in a specialized manner that adjusts the fit of the bosal around the muzzle of the horse, and creates both a looped rein and a long free end that can be used for a number of purposes. When a rider is mounted, the free end is coiled and attached to the saddle. When the rider dismounts, the lead rein is not used to tie the horse to a solid object, but rather is used as a lead rope and a form of Longe line when needed.
The traditional mecate was an integral part of the vaquero culture that became the California tradition of western riding. The classic mecate is hand-braided of horsehair, usually long hair from the tail, often a blend of black and white hairs made into an alternating design. Modern mecates are made not only of horsehair, but also of synthetic rope, usually of a solid dark color, sometimes with a horsehair tassel at one end and a leather popper or quirt at the other.
A mecate knot begins at the heel knot of the bosal, where the mecate is anchored with a wrap of rope similar to the clove hitch. Next, the looped rein is formed coming off the top of the bosal. Then, the loose end is wrapped two or more times in front of the rein loop until the bosal is the proper diameter to fit the horse, and secured with another clove hitch, leaving the long lead rein end coming out the bottom of the bosal, secured by the last wrap. A properly tied mecate knot allows wraps of rope to be added to the knot in front of the rein loop in order to tighten the bosal noseband on a horse, or the rope can be unwrapped to loosen the bosal. Sometimes, a heavy bosal is stabilized by the addition of a fiador, which is a type of throatlatch usually made of thin cotton rope. The fiador attaches in front of the mecate so as to not interfere with the action of the reins. The mecate may need to be loosened to accommodate the fiador if used.
A variation, sometimes called "mecate reins" and other times a "McCarty" or "McCarthy outfit," is used as a rein system for a bridle with a bit. This design, usually of cotton rope or web, consists of a single looped rein attached to either site of a snaffle bit with a lead rein coming off of the left bit ring in a manner similar to the lead rein of the traditional mecate. This setup is most often seen today among some practitioners of the natural horsemanship movement. Sometimes considered an adaptation of the California tradition to the Texas tradition, it allows the rider to hold on to the horse while on the ground, but the drawback to the design is that the lead rein comes off of one side of the bit, creating an imbalance in the horse's mouth. To balance the lead rein, some users add a large tassle on the bight off the other side of the bit. The lead rein also cannot be used for longing the horse in both directions, as it is attached only on the left.
# Mecaspis alternans

Mecaspis alternans is a species of cylindrical weevils belonging to the family Curculionidae.

## Description

Mecaspis alternans can reach a length of about 13 millimetres (0.51 in) (rostrum excluded). The body is elongate shape, with a dark brown or greyish basic color.

## Distribution

This genus is present in most of Europe, in the Near East and in North Africa.
# Meir railway station

Meir railway station served the Meir area of Stoke-on-Trent, England. It was opened in 1894 by the North Staffordshire Railway on its line to Derby and was situated in a cutting to the east of Meir tunnel.
The station closed in 1966 with hardly any evidence of its existence left today apart from the footprint of the buildings which are covered in vegetation.
The building was of timber construction which had a booking office with cast iron coal burning stove, a waiting room that had benched seating, a small store room for cleaning and bike storage, and a bucket type toilet that was normally emptied by the junior porter in a dug out hole in the small wooded area to the rear of the building.
There was a wooden shelter in the middle of the downside platform, and on the eastern end stood the coal shed made of sleepers complete with chute from the bridge for road vehicle delivery.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Following station |
| NormacotLine open, station closed | North Staffordshire RailwayCrewe to Derby Line | Blythe BridgeLine and station open |

## Re-opening proposal

On 23 May 2020, it was announced by the UK Department for Transport that they would fund a feasibility study into re-opening Meir railway station as part of their Restoring Your Railway policy. The re-opening would depend on a suitable business case being proposed and accepted.
On 4 October 2023, the government committed to reopening the station as part of its Network North scheme. Funding for the scheme was withdrawn in July 2024.

## Tunnel

Meir railway tunnel is located between Longton in the west and Meir station in the east. The east tunnel portal is located at the end of Meir station and runs for 744 metres (814 yd). The tunnel was constructed by the North Staffordshire Railway and was opened in 1848 when the line was opened between Stoke and Uttoxeter on 7 August of that year.
# Meir premetro station

Meir is a station in the Antwerp premetro which opened on 23 March 1975. The station is located directly underneath the street Meir, after which it is named.
With Groenplaats and Opera, Meir forms the oldest part of the city's premetro network. It is served by tramlines 3, 5, 9 and 15. Tram line 7 passes in close proximity at street level.

## Location

The station is located in central Antwerp at the western end of the Meir street. In its immediate vicinity is the Boerentoren, a 1930s art deco building which at the time of its construction was Europe's first skyscraper.
# Moqrisset

Moqrisset is a town in Ouezzane Province, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 1,680.
# Sevenmile Mountain (Arizona)

Sevenmile Mountain is a summit in Maricopa County, Arizona. It rises to a prominence of 1,775 feet / 541 meters and elevation of 2,948 feet / 899 meters.
# Monument to credit card

56°50′02″N 60°35′52″E﻿ / ﻿56.83399°N 60.59766°E﻿ / 56.83399; 60.59766 The monument to a credit card was opened on August 5, 2011 in Yekaterinburg, Russia. The monument was erected on the corner of Bankovski alley and Malyshev street and is a bas-relief of a hand that holds a credit card. The size of the monument is about two metres high and one metre wide.
The creation of the monument was made under the initiative of the Vuz-Bank, which in 2011 celebrated the 20th anniversary of its founding. The idea was embodied by Yekaterinburg's sculptor Sergei Belyaev. The name engraved on the monument is that of Edward Bellamy, the science fiction writer who in his novel "Looking Backward" in 1888 first proposed the idea of payment cards.
# Mehr Caravanserai

Mehr Caravanserai (Persian: کاروانسرای مهر) is a historical caravanserai belonging to Qajar era in Mehr, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.
It was listed among the national heritage sites of Iran with the number 1660 on 16 September 1984.
# Mordella micacea

Mordella micacea is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1941.
# Megachile pseudolaminata

Megachile pseudolaminata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pasteels in 1965.
# Montesano Salentino

Montesano Salentino (Salentino: Muntesànu) is a town and comune in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy.

## Twin towns

* San Donato di Ninea, Italy
* Gallikos, Greece
# Mordella vadoni

Mordella vadoni is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1937.
# Mehrullah Hamad

Mullah Mehrullah Hamad (ملا مهر الله حماد) is the Taliban military leader currently serving as commander of the 205 Al-Badr Corps since 4 October 2021.
# Montmorency

Montmorency may refer to:

## Literature

* Montmorency (character), the protagonist of the Montmorency series
* Montmorency (novel), 2003, the first novel in the Montmorency series
* Montmorency, a fictional dog in Jerome K. Jerome's novel Three Men in a Boat
* Montmorency series, Victorian-era London suspense fiction books by Eleanor Updale

## People

* Anne de Montmorency (1493–1567), French soldier, statesman and diplomat
* Charles I de Montmorency (d. 1381), French soldier
* Floris of Montmorency (1528–1570), noble and diplomat from the Spanish Netherlands
* Henri II de Montmorency, (1595–1632), French noble and Viceroy of New France
* Philip de Montmorency (1524–1568), Count of Horn, Belgian born statesman from the Spanish Netherlands
* Rachel de Montmorency (1891–1961), English painter and stained glass artist
* Raymond de Montmorency (1867–1900), Canadian-born British Army officer and member of Anglo Irish family

## Places
### In Australia

* Montmorency, Victoria, suburb of Melbourne
** Montmorency railway station, Melbourne

### In Canada

* Montmorency River, a tributary of St. Lawrence river in Capitale-Nationale, Quebec
** Montmorency Falls, Quebec
** Montmorency Forest, protected forest in Capitale-Nationale, Quebec
* Collège Montmorency, also known as Cégep Montmorency, a Francophone public college in Laval, Quebec
* Parc Montmorency, a park located in Quebec City and home to the Parliaments of Lower Canada, Canada East and Quebec from 1791 to 1883
* Montmorency station (Montreal Metro), a Montreal Metro station in Laval-des-Rapides, Laval, Quebec, serving the Orange Line
* Montmorency (federal electoral district), Quebec
* Montmorency (provincial electoral district), Quebec
* Montmorency, Quebec, a former municipality amalgamated in 1976 to form Beauport, Quebec City

### In France

* Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, Val-d'Oise département
* Soisy-sous-Montmorency, Val-d'Oise département
* Montmorency-Beaufort, Aube département
* Rue de Montmorency, Paris

### In United States

* Montmorenci, Indiana
* Montmorency County, Michigan
* Montmorency Township (disambiguation)

## Transit

* Montmorency station (Montreal Metro), a subway station Laval, Quebec, Canada
* Montmorency railway station, Victoria, in Montmorency, Victoria, Australia

## Other uses

* Duke of Montmorency, a title that was created several times for members of the Montmorency family
* House of Montmorency, one of the oldest noble families in France
* Montmorency cherry, a variety of sour cherry
# Melioration theory

Melioration theory in behavioral psychology is a theoretical algorithm that predicts the matching law. Melioration theory is used as an explanation for why an organism makes choices based on the rewards or reinforcers it receives. The principle of melioration states that animals will invest increasing amounts of time and/or effort into whichever alternative is better. To meliorate essentially means to "make better".
Melioration theory accounts for many of the choices that organisms make when presented with two variable interval schedules. Melioration is a form of matching where the subject is constantly shifting its behavior from the poorer reinforcement schedule to the richer reinforcement schedule, until it is spending most of its time at the richest variable interval schedule. By matching, the subject is equalizing the price of the reinforcer they are working for. This is also called hyperbolic discounting. In making a choice between options, living organisms need not maximize expected payoff as classical economic theory posits. Rather than being aggregated, the options compete against one another based on differences in their local reinforcement rate. The organism continuously shifts from one alternative to the other, if one is better than the other, until the other is better than the first one, regardless of the effect on overall rate of reinforcement. Melioration is capable of accounting for behavior on both concurrent ratio and concurrent interval schedules.
Melioration Equation R1/B1 = R2/B2
If this ratio is not equal, the animal will shift its behavior to the alternative that currently has the higher response ratio. When the ratio is equal, the "cost" of each reinforcer is the same for both alternatives.
Melioration theory grew out of an impersonal anonymous interest in how the matching law comes to hold on. Richard J. Herrnstein (1961) reported that on concurrent VIVIVI reinforcement schedules, the proportion of responses to one alternative was approximately equal to the proportion of reinforcer received there. This finding is summarized in the matching law, which generated a great deal of both matching research and matching theorizing. Herrnstein (1970) suggested that matching may be a basic behavioral process, whereas Rachlin et al. (1976) suggested that matching comes about because it maximizes rate of matching reinforcement.
William Vaughan Jr. (1976) suggested that the local rate of matching reinforcement on each reinforcement matching schedule is evaluated, and if those local rates differ, the distribution of time on a schedule is shifted from the poorer to the better schedule. On concurrent VIVIVI reinforcement schedules this process gives rise to matching, whereas on concurrent VRVRVR reinforcement schedules it gives rise to exclusive preferences for the better alternative and not the worse alternative. This rule was subsequently named Melioration (Herrnstein & Vaughan, 1980). See also Herrnstein, 1982, Vaughan, 1981; Vaughan & Herrnstein, 1987; Bland, Cowie, Podlesnik & Elliffe, 2018)
# Meliosma cordata

Meliosma cordata is a species of plant in the Sabiaceae family. It is endemic to Panama.

## General information

The tree is 3-6 meters tall, with branchlets covered with fine hairs that grows into large scattered pale lenticels.
The leaves of this plant are usually about 5-20 cm long, and 2–8.5 cm wide

## Description

As a whole this plant is shallowly cordate at the base, chartaceous, entire or with a few coarse teeth near the apex, drying dark above, olive brown with darker brown main veins below, the midvein impressed above and raised below.
The lateral veins plane above and prominent below, the tertiary venation prominulous below, densely minutely punctate above, glabrous except for a few trichomes along the main veins
# Meiacanthus anema

Meiacanthus anema, the threadless blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in Asia and Oceania. This species grows to a length of 7.2 centimetres (2.8 in) SL. This venomous species can also be found in the aquarium trade.
# Morogo (disambiguation)

Morogo is an African leafy vegetable.
Morogo may also refer to:
* William Morogo arap Saina, a Kenyan politician and MP for the Eldoret North Constituency
* Morogo, a character from the 1989 film Cheetah
# Morningside Club Residence

Morningside Club Residence was a historic residential hotel building located at South Bend, St. Joseph County, Indiana. It was built in 1925, and was a four-story, U-shaped brick and terra cotta building. A commercial addition to the building was constructed in 1926. It was destroyed by fire on December 18, 1988.$^{:23}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, and delisted in 1989.
# Morningside College

Morningside College may refer to:
* Morningside College, a constituent college of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, in New Territories, Hong Kong
* Morningside University (formerly known as Morningside College), a private United Methodist Church university in Sioux City, Iowa, United States
# Mookie

Mookie, Mooki or Mooky may refer to:

## People

* Mookie Betts (born 1992), American Major League Baseball player
* Michael Blaiklock (born 1969), American actor and writer
* Mookie Blaylock (born 1967), American former National Basketball Association player
* Mooky Greidinger (born 1952), Israeli businessman, CEO of Cineworld
* Shmuel Katz (politician) (1914-2008), Israeli writer, historian and journalist, Zionist and member of Irgun, nicknamed "Mooki"
* Derrell Mitchell (born 1971), American football coach and player
* Michael Moore (offensive lineman) (born 1976), American football player
* Mookie Salaam (born 1990), American sprinter
* Mookie Singerman, member of the band Genghis Tron
* Michael Terracciano, webcomic artist and author
* Darryl Watkins (born 1984), American basketball player
* Mookie Wilson (born 1956), American baseball player
* Thabo Mooki (born 1974), South African footballer
* Mooky the Clown, stage name of Laci Endresz Jr. who performs at Blackpool Tower Circus
* Mooky, stage name of Mundzir Abdul Latif, lead singer of the band One Buck Short
* Mooki (singer) (born 1975), Israeli singer

## Other uses

* Mooki River, New South Wales, Australia
* Mookie, a fictional character in the film Do the Right Thing, played by Spike Lee
# Mordella roeri

Mordella roeri is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was described in 1981.
# Mosaic Christian Church

Mosaic Christian Church may refer to:
* Mosaic Church
* Southeast Christian Church (Louisville, Kentucky)