OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Round Island day gecko

The Round Island day gecko (Phelsuma guentheri), also known commonly as Günther's gecko, is an endangered species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to the islet Round Island, Mauritius, and typically dwells on palm trees. The Round Island day gecko feeds on insects and nectar.

## Etymology

The specific name, guentheri, is in honor of German-born British herpetologist Albert Günther.

## Description

P. guentheri is one of the largest living day geckos. Males can reach a total length (including tail) of about 30 cm (12 in), but often are much smaller. Females of this species are generally very much smaller than males. The body color is grayish or grayish brown. A dark-brown stripe extends from the nostril to above the ear opening. On the back, dark spots may be present. In some individuals, the legs and toes have light-yellow bars. The ventral side is white or yellowish.

## Geographic range

P. guentheri originally occurred on Mauritius before rats and cats were introduced. Now, it inhabits only Round Island, 22 km (14 mi) north-northeast of Mauritius.

## Habitat

P. guentheri is often found on bottle palms, fan palms (Latania loddigesii), and Pandanus. Since much of the original vegetation is destroyed, by tropical cyclones, P. guentheri is forced to live in rocky crevices.

## Diet

The Round Island day gecko feeds on various insects and other invertebrates. It also licks soft, sweet fruit, pollen, and nectar.

## Reproduction

Adult females of P. guentheri lay up to four pairs of eggs. The young will hatch after about 58–104 days. The juveniles measure 75 mm (3.0 in). The eggs are laid normally in June, but can be laid from February to September.

## Care and maintenance in captivity

P. guentheri is endangered and was bred and kept by the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust at Durrell Wildlife Park until 1999.
# Thyrosticta bruneata

Thyrosticta bruneata is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Paul Griveaud in 1969. It is native to Madagascar.
The male of this species has a wingspan of 18 mm, the female 22 mm. The forewings are dark brown, with one ochreous-yellow post basal spot, another whitish spot and two small whitish antemarginal spots. Hindwings are uniformly ochreous yellow without external border
# Mögling

Mögling may refer to the surname of the following persons:
* Daniel Mögling (1596–1635), an alchemist and astronomer
* Hermann Mögling (1811-1881), a German missionary from Basel Mission and a writer in Kannada
Mögling may refer to one of the following places:
* Mögling, part of Taufkirchen/Vils, in Lkr Erding, Bavaria, Germany. PLZ:D-84416 (42°21'50" N, 12°06'50" E)
* Mögling, Bavaria, Germany. PLZ: D- (48°44'06" N, 12°39'11" E.)
# Wilbur B. Payne

Wilbur B. Payne (November 29, 1926 - August 17, 1990) was a pioneer in Army operations research and the preeminent leader in the field for more than three decades. He was a US Army veteran of World War II, serving in the Italian campaign. He received a Bachelor of Science in physics from Tulane University in 1951, a Master of Science in Physics in 1953 and a Doctor of Philosophy in Physics in 1955, both from Louisiana State University.
Dr. Payne served as a research analyst, Operations Research Office, Johns Hopkins University from 1955 to 1957; Associate Professor of Physics at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1957 to 1960; Senior Analyst for the Research Analysis Corporation from 1961 to 1962; Staff Analyst in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense from 1962 to 1964; Special Assistant for Operations Research, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management from 1964 to 1968; the first Deputy Under Secretary of the Army for Operations Research from 1968 to 1975; and the first Director of the Systems Analysis Activity of the US Army Training and Doctrine Command from 1975 to 1986.
Dr. Payne’s numerous awards include the presidential Rank of Meritorious Executive, the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Civilian Service and the Department of the Army Medal for Exceptional Civilian Service which he was awarded six times. He was a Wanner Medal Laureate and a Fellow of the Military Operations Research Society and was decorated with the Defense Meritorious Cross in Gold of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Throughout his career, Dr. Payne was an enthusiastic advocate for applying methods of science to practical defense decision making, enforcing the highest standards of professionalism, and nurturing and mentoring operations research analysts. He also enjoyed an international reputation throughout the operational research establishments of the armies of US allies. In 1972 Dr. Payne inspired the creation of the US Army Concepts Analysis Agency which in 1998 was designated the Center for Army Analysis.
In 1990, the Department of the Army Systems Analysis Award became the Dr. Wilbur B. Payne Memorial Award for Excellence in Analysis in order to honor the memory and contributions of Dr. Payne to the Operations Research field.
On May 28, 1999 the Dr. Wilbur B. Payne Memorial Hall was dedicated at Fort Belvoir, Virginia as the home of the Center for Army Analysis.
# Casimcea (river)

The Casimcea is a river in southeastern Romania. Near the village Piatra, it discharges into Lake Tașaul, which was formerly connected with the Black Sea. It flows through the villages Războieni, Casimcea, Călugăreni, Nistorești, Pantelimon de Jos, Cheia, Casian, Palazu Mic and Piatra. It discharges into Lake Tașaul near Piatra. Its length is 69 km (43 mi) and its basin size is 740 km$^2$ (290 sq mi).

## Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the Casimcea (from source to mouth):
* Left: Valea cu Piatră, Râmnic, Grădina Mucova
* Right: Cartal, Pantelimon, Valea Seacă, Gura Dobrogei, Sitorman
# Orthodera ministralis

Orthodera ministralis, common name garden mantis or Australian green mantis, is a species of praying mantis from Australia.

## Description

They have a green body with their thorax being broader than their head and abdomen. Inside of their front legs have a blue to purple spot. Adult males feature wings and females only have wing buds, which cover their abdomen. Body measures up to 4 cm in length.

## Habitat

The garden mantis inhabits the whole of Australia, particularly gardens, and can often be found hidden in leafy scrub from ground to eye level. It feeds on small insects by ambushing them. They remain motionless for lengthy periods so they can ambush prey as it moves near them. The females lay eggs as a single mass within a sturdy, woody case.
# Chapel of St Leonard, Tivington

The Anglican Chapel of St Leonard in Tivington, Somerset, England was built in the mid 14th century as a chapel of ease. It is a Grade II* listed building.

## History

The chapel was built in the 14th century. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries it was secularised and a fireplace installed at the east end. That part of the building is now the cottage "Dunkery View" which is owned by the National Trust. The chapel was restored in 1896 and was reconsecrated in 1940, having previously been used as a school. The restoration work was funded by the Acland baronets who were the local Lords of the manor. The bell above the entrance door is believed to have come from their yacht Lady of St Kilda
The chapel is within the parish of Selworthy which is part of the Porlock and Porlock Weir with Stoke Pero, Selworthy and Luccombe benefice within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

## Architecture

The seven bay building is of red sandstone with a thatched roof. The interior furniture including the reading desk and pews were brought in from other local churches.
# Newcomb Carlton

Newcomb Carlton (1869–1953) was an American telecommunications executive. He served as president of Western Union and in 1918, when the telegraph industry was placed under government control, as director of all cable lines in the United States.
In 1933, he became chairman of the company.
He travelled extensively as part of his job.
In 1926 he was injured when he was hit by a taxi.
# Oberfell

Oberfell is a municipality in the district of Mayen-Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.
# Asa Mee Ashi Tee

Asa Mee Ashi Tee is a 2013 Indian Marathi-language film directed by Atul Kale. The film stars Sachit Patil, Pallavi Subhash and Manasi Salvi. It was theatrically released on 29 November 2013.

## Cast

* Sachit Patil
* Pallavi Subhash
* Manasi Salvi
* Atul kale
* Bharat Dabholkar
* Shoma Anand
* Anuja Sathe
* Vivek Gore
* Latika Gore
* Atharv Bedekar
* Aadesh Bandekar
* Kishore pradhan
* Viju Khote

## Reception

Saumitra Pote from Maharashtra Times opined, "As all the actors in the film are handsome, it is pleasant to watch. Good color scheme, good locations have made the movie spectacular". A critic of Loksatta wrote "After the interval, it goes to a completely different level than before the interval because it unfolds in the wrong way. It seems like the compiler forgot to compile in many places. Although it is an eye-catching love story, it goes viral". A reviewer of Divya Marathi wrote "The director's approach of choosing faces that seem to be of the current modern era has been successful. It is a must watch movie for the audience".
# Nickel(II) bromide

Nickel(II) bromide is the name for the inorganic compounds with the chemical formula NiBr$_2$(H$_2$O)$_x$. The value of x can be 0 for the anhydrous material, as well as 2, 3, or 6 for the three known hydrate forms. The anhydrous material is a yellow-brown solid which dissolves in water to give blue-green hexahydrate (see picture).

## Structure

The structure of the nickel bromides varies with the degree of hydration. In all of these cases, the nickel(II) ion adopts an octahedral molecular geometry. Similar structures are observed in aqueous solutions of nickel bromide.
* Anhydrous NiBr$_2$ adopts the hexagonal cadmium chloride structure. The interatomic distance for Ni-Br is 2.52—2.58 Å. Anhydrous NiBr$_2$ is a paramagnet at room temperature. Upon cooling, it turns into an antiferromagnet at 52 K, and then into a helimagnet at 22.8 K.
* The structure of the trihydrate has not been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. It is assumed to adopt a chain structure.
* The di- and hexahydrates adopt structures akin to those for the corresponding chlorides. The dihydrate consists of a linear chain, whereas the hexahydrate features isolated trans-[NiBr$_2$(H$_2$O)$_4$] molecules together with two water molecules of crystallization.

## Reactions and uses

NiBr$_2$ has Lewis acid character, as indicated by its tendency to hydrate and form adducts with a variety of other Lewis bases.
NiBr$_2$ is also used to prepare catalysts for cross-coupling reactions and various carbonylations. NiBr$_2$-glyme shows increased activity compared to NiCl$_2$-glyme for some transformations.

## Safety

This compound is a suspected carcinogen.
# Wilki Krosno

Wilki Krosno (Wolves Krosno) is a Polish motorcycle speedway team based in Krosno. The club operates under the name of Cellfast Wilki Krosno. The team currently competes in the Ekstraliga (the highest division).

## History of speedway in Krosno
### Legia Krosno

During the 1957 Polish speedway season a team called Legia Krosno took part in the third division south using the relatively newly built Stadion MOSiR Krosno. They competed for five seasons in total, until the end of the 1961 season.

### Karpaty Krosno

In 1962, the name of the Krosno team became Karpaty Krosno (Carpathians) after the sports club in Krosno. The team competed in the second division and achieved a best place finish of third in 1963. However, in 1969, due to financial problems, the club's activities were suspended.

### KKŻ Krosno

After nearly 20 years without speedway the city welcomed KKŻ Krosno for the 1988 Polish speedway season. The team spent nine uninspiring years in the second division.

### ŻKS Krosno

For the 1997 Polish speedway season the team were known as ŻKS Krosno (Żużlowy Klub Sportowy w Krośnie). When the Ekstraliga was introduced in 2000, the club were in the 2. Liga. ŻKS ran for five seasons.

### KSŻ Krosno

Yet another name was used for the seasons from 2002 to 2006. The team was called KSŻ Krosno (Krośnieńskie Stowarzyszenie Żużlowe) but the result was the same as the team struggled in the lower tiers of Polish speedway.

### KSM Krosno

KSM Krosno (Krośnieńskie Stowarzyszenie Motorowe Krosno) was the next name change for the 2007 Polish speedway season. KSM languished near the bottom of 2. Liga for multiple seasons before a regular season 2nd place finish in 2013. The name disappeared at the end of the 2018 season, as the team finished last in 2.Liga.

### Wilki Krosno

In 2018, during a press conference, the authorities of Krosno presented a new club that replaced KSM Krosno. The new club played matches for the first time in 2019.
In 2020, Wolves Krosno won all their matches and advanced to the Polish Speedway First League (Liga.1). Additionally lighting was built in the city's stadium. In 2021, the team lost the final to Ostrovia. In the following year, Wilki Krosno won the final against Zielona Góra and were promoted for the first time in the history of Krosno to the highest division in Poland called the Ekstraliga.
In 2022, the extension of the stadium also began. During the 2022 Polish Speedway season the team won the 1.Liga title.
# Orthodena

Orthodena is a genus of trematodes in the family Opecoelidae. It consists of one species, Orthodena tropica Durio & Manter, 1968.
# Sean Kern

Sean Kern (born July 11, 1978) is an American water polo player. His position is center forward (two-meter offense). During his water polo career, Kern was a four-time All-American, two-time National Player of the Year, two-time NCAA champion and three-time UCLA scoring leader. After his 1999 season, Kern was honored as the first-ever male recipient to receive the Peter J. Cutino Award. At the 2000 Sydney Olympics, he scored 3 goals for the US team.
He led Honolulu's Punahou School to three consecutive league titles and personally earned three Interscholastic League of Honolulu player of the year awards.(Honolulu Advertiser, Honolulu, Hawaii: 12/14/94, 11/29/95, 12/15/96)
Kern came to UCLA in 1997 as the top-ranked recruit in the country, taking the Bruins to back-to-back NCAA titles in 1999 and 2000. Kern missed the first eight games of the 2000 season while playing in the Sydney Olympics, but still led the Bruins to their second consecutive NCAA championship. He scored 33 goals in 17 games, and two in the NCAA final and was named the tournament's MVP for the second year in a row. Kern, a four-time All-American, was also chosen player of the year in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. Kern is a two-time recipient of the Peter J. Cutino Award, receiving the top American collegiate water polo honor for the first two years that it was awarded.
Kern joined other UCLA Bruins, Coralie Simmons (2001), Natalie Golda (2005) Kelly Rulon (2007), and Courtney Mathewson (2008), as the school's Peter J. Cutino Award winners, all coached by Adam Krikorian.
Kern now plays for the New York Athletic Club in the USA Water Polo Premier League.
# Mushabbar

Mushabbar may refer to:
* Mushabbar, third son of Harun (Aaron in the Bible)
* Al Muhsin, third son of Ali and Fatima, also known as Mushabbar
# Harpalus fulvicornis

Harpalus fulvicornis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Thunberg in 1806.
# Usterzai

Usterzai is an administrative unit known as the "Union Council" of Kohat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Kohat District has 2 tehsils, Kohat and Lachi. Each tehsil comprises a certain number of union councils. There are 27 union councils in Kohat district.
In 2009, a suicide car bombing killed over 30 people.
# Scatchard equation

The Scatchard equation is an equation used in molecular biology to calculate the affinity and number of binding sites of a receptor for a ligand. It is named after the American chemist George Scatchard.

## Equation

Throughout this article, [RL] denotes the concentration of a receptor-ligand complex, [R] the concentration of free receptor, and [L] the concentration of free ligand (so that the total concentration of the receptor and ligand are [R]+[RL] and [L]+[RL], respectively). Let n be the number of binding sites for ligand on each receptor molecule, and let n represent the average number of ligands bound to a receptor. Let K$_d$ denote the dissociation constant between the ligand and receptor. The Scatchard equation is given by
    ${\frac {\bar {n}}{[L]}}={\frac {n}{K_{d}}}-{\frac {\bar {n}}{K_{d}}}$
By plotting n/[L] versus n, the Scatchard plot shows that the slope equals to -1/K$_d$ while the x-intercept equals the number of ligand binding sites n.

## Derivation
### n=1 Ligand

When each receptor has a single ligand binding site, the system is described by
    $[R]+[L]{\underset {k_{\text{off}}}{\overset {k_{\text{on}}}{\rightleftharpoons }}}[RL]$
with an on-rate (k$_{on}$) and off-rate (k$_{off}$) related to the dissociation constant through K$_d$=k$_{off}$/k$_{on}$. When the system equilibrates,
    $k_{\text{on}}[R][L]=k_{\text{off}}[RL]$
so that the average number of ligands bound to each receptor is given by
    ${\bar {n}}={\frac {[RL]}{[R]+[RL]}}={\frac {[L]}{K_{d}+[L]}}=(1-{\bar {n}}){\frac {[L]}{K_{d}}}$
which is the Scatchard equation for n=1.

### n=2 Ligands

When each receptor has two ligand binding sites, the system is governed by
    $[R]+[L]{\underset {k_{\text{off}}}{\overset {2k_{\text{on}}}{\rightleftharpoons }}}[RL]$
    $[RL]+[L]{\underset {2k_{\text{off}}}{\overset {k_{\text{on}}}{\rightleftharpoons }}}[RL_{2}].$
At equilibrium, the average number of ligands bound to each receptor is given by
    ${\bar {n}}={\frac {[RL]+2[RL_{2}]}{[R]+[RL]+[RL_{2}]}}={\frac {2{\frac {[L]}{K_{d}}}+2\left({\frac {[L]}{K_{d}}}\right)^{2}}{\left(1+{\frac {[L]}{K_{d}}}\right)^{2}}}={\frac {2[L]}{K_{d}+[L]}}=(2-{\bar {n}}){\frac {[L]}{K_{d}}}$
which is equivalent to the Scatchard equation.

### General Case of n Ligands

For a receptor with n binding sites that independently bind to the ligand, each binding site will have an average occupancy of [L]/(K$_d$ + [L]). Hence, by considering all n binding sites, there will
    ${\bar {n}}=n{\frac {[L]}{K_{d}+[L]}}=(n-{\bar {n}}){\frac {[L]}{K_{d}}}.$
ligands bound to each receptor on average, from which the Scatchard equation follows.

## Problems with the method

The Scatchard method is less used nowadays because of the availability of computer programs that directly fit parameters to binding data. Mathematically, the Scatchard equation is related to Eadie-Hofstee method, which is used to infer kinetic properties from enzyme reaction data. Many modern methods for measuring binding such as surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry provide additional binding parameters that are globally fit by computer-based iterative methods.
# Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research

Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) is a medical research institute located at the University of Ghana in Accra, Ghana. It was founded in 1979 with funds donated by the Japanese government.

## History

The Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research is a semi-autonomous institute of the University of Ghana located in the Ghanaian capital, Accra. It is the premiere biomedical research center in the country.
The institute was established through combined efforts by the former dean of the University of Ghana school of medicine, Prof. E. O. Easmon, and Prof. Kenji Honda of Fukushima school of medicine in Japan, and therefore the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). It was built by the government of Japan and donated to the government and people of Ghana in honour of the Japanese researcher Hideyo Noguchi, who researched Yellow fever in Ghana and died from the disease in the country in 1928. Test samples for the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana are performed and confirmed by the institute.

## Training

In January 2021, the Institute undertook a five-week capacity building training in diseases for about 15 lab technicians who were from 9 countries in West Africa.

## Awards and recognition

In November 2020, the institute was given a citation by the Association of Ghana Industries at the ninth edition of the Ghana Industry and Quality Awards. This was in recognition of their efforts in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.
In February 2021, the institute was given LIS, which was supported by Healthcare Federation of Ghana in partnership with Medlab Ghana Services Limited and other institutions. The LIS was said to be used by the institute's technical staff.
# N. S. Perera

N. S. Perera was the 22nd Surveyor General of Sri Lanka. He was appointed in 1954, succeeding C. B. King, and held the office until 1958. He was succeeded by V. Rasaretnam.
# Why Me, Sweetie?!

Why Me, Sweetie?! (simplified Chinese: 失忆𠝹女王; traditional Chinese: 失憶𠝹女王) is a 2003 Hong Kong film directed by Jingle Ma and starring Louis Koo and Cherrie Ying.

## Cast

* Louis Koo
* Cherrie Ying
* Tats Lau
* Sui Junbo

## Plot

Movie that inspired the American "50 First Dates" With Adam Sandler.The movie starts with Don (Louis Koo) on a bus with 2 girls fighting over him. He then meets Ding Ding(Cherrie Ying) who suddenly falls in love with him. But when he woke up early next morning, he had forgotten Ding Ding and she got real mad at him. But luckily, a doctor(Tats Lau) told Ding Ding everything about Don. So they try to help Don with his memories, before he stays like that forever........
# Nakata Museum

Nakata Museum (なかた美術館, Nakata bijutsukan) opened in Onomichi, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, in 1997. The collection includes works by Corot, Renoir, Cézanne, Kobayashi Wasaku (小林和作), and Umehara Ryūzaburō.