OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lorne Sossin

Lorne Sossin is a justice of the Court of Appeal for Ontario. Before his appointment to the Court of Appeal, Sossin was a judge of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice and a law professor.
Sossin has an LLB from Osgoode Hall Law School and graduate degrees in political science and law, respectively, from the University of Toronto and Columbia University. From 2002 to 2018, he was a professor of law at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law and Osgoode Hall Law School. He was appointed to the Superior Court of Justice in 2018 and to the Court of Appeal in November 2020.

## Notable cases

While a judge of the Superior Court, Sossin held that a lawsuit alleging that various Canadian retailers including Canadian Tire had violated animal cruelty legislation could not go forward for lack of standing. Sossin ruled against the city of Toronto in a lawsuit alleging that the city failed to implement appropriate social distancing in shelters for city residents experiencing homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario.
# Ram Shah (king)

Ram Shah was Nagvanshi king in the 17th century. He succeed his brother Durjan Shah and ruled from 1640 to 1663 CE. Earlier their capital was at Khukhragarh, but later they shifted to Navratangarh. He was brother of king Durjan Shah.
According to a sanskrit inscription on the wall of Kapilnath Temple in Navratangarh, the temple was constructed in samvat 1700 (1643 CE) during reign of Ram Shah.
He attacked and fought a battle with the king of Rewa and pact was established in the end. Later his son, Ani Nath Shahdeo, married the daughter of the king of Rewa. According to Nagvanshavali, the king Nageswar attacked Khukhra. During his reign, there was battle between Jagannath, the king of Jayantgarh in Singhbhum and Ram Shah. Ram shah destroyed fort of Jayantgarh and around 2200 people died in battle. In the end, Jagannath made a pact with Ram Shah. Two sisters of Ram Shah married Jagannath.
He ruled until his death in 1663. He succeeded by his elder son Raghunath Shah.
# Marvin & Johnny

Marvin & Johnny were an American doo-wop duo that recorded in the 1950s. The duo comprised Marvin Phillips (born October 23, 1931) and Emory "Johnny" Perry (March 1, 1928 - January 6, 2011), who recorded the early doo-wop single, "Cherry Pie".

## Career

Phillips was born in Guthrie, Oklahoma, United States and Perry in Sherman, Texas, but their impact in the music industry occurred in Los Angeles in 1954. The pair had become acquainted in 1949 when they were saxophonists for The Richard Lewis Band.
Prior to teaming up with Perry, Phillips worked with several other artists who performed under the name "Johnny." The first was Carl Green, and later Johnny Starks. Phillips also paired with the R&B singer Jesse Belvin. They charted with "Dream Girl" b/w "Daddy Loves Baby" in late 1952. "Dream Girl" received good airplay and sales in California, but Belvin had opportunities elsewhere and left Phillips to pursue a solo career. Later, Marvin "Rip" Spencer, Phillips' nephew, would perform under the Marvin and Johnny names.
Phillips then teamed up with Carl "Johnny" Green, who had been working as a duo recording as Johnny & Mack for Deluxe Records. This incarnation of the duo recorded "Baby Doll" b/w "I'm Not Your Fool" for Specialty Records in the summer of 1953. At the same time, Phillips recorded the single "Sweetheart Darling" for Swingtime Records. The next outing for the duo was "Jo Jo" b/w "How Long She Been Gone" in early 1954. "School of Love" b/w "Boy Loves Girl" was their next release. On July 13, 1954, the pair signed with the Bihari brothers and moved to the Modern Records label. At Modern, they recorded "Tick Tock" and "Cherry Pie." The record was a big seller, and both sides received airplay. As was commonplace among early doo-wop, part of its popularity rested with the double-entendre lyric.
After "Cherry Pie", the pair performed on shows and revues that traveled around the West Coast of the United States. They released "Day In-Day Out" b/w "Flip", then "Kiss Me" b/w "Sugar," and "Little Honey" b/w "Honey Girl". None of these recordings had the commercial impact of "Cherry Pie."
Aside from their doo-wop lineage, Marvin & Johnny were significant figures in the transition from West Coast jump blues to R&B. In 1955, Marvin & Johnny continued to do personal appearances and recorded singles. However, their appeal continued to be based on "Cherry Pie." They went their separate ways that year, but Marvin did not let the Marvin & Johnny name die. Jesse Belvin had received his discharge from the U.S. Army by this time and he rejoined Phillips. In July 1956, Phillips and Belvin broke up again as Phillips began a solo career billed as Long Tall Marvin. Aladdin Records released "My Dear My Darling" in September 1956 and credited it to Marvin & Johnny. In May 1958, an old Marvin & Johnny recording of "Yak Yak" b/w "Pretty Eyes" was released on Aladdin.
George Carlin performed "Cherry Pie" following a monologue on the Gladys Knight & the Pips variety show in 1975, backed by the Pips, and again on The Arsenio Hall Show on 30 November 1989.
# Rancheria Formation

The Rancheria Formation is a geologic formation in the Sacramento and San Andres Mountains of New Mexico, the Franklin Mountains of southern New Mexico and western Texas, and the Hueco Mountains of western Texas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Visean Age of the Mississippian.

## Description

The formation consists mostly of dense carboniferous silty limestone containing considerable chert. The base of the formation is a few inches of shale and carboniferous quartz sandstone, followed by a few feet of yellow to brown sandy siltstone and a few feet of carboniferous limestone composed almost entirely of crinoid fragments. The total thickness is up to 255 feet (78 m). The formation lies on the Percha Formation or Lake Valley Limestone or, where these are not present, the Caballero Formation. It is overlain by the Helms Formation or Gobbler Formation or Permian formations.
The formation contains intraformational submarine erosional surfaces but relatively little slumping, indicating deposition on a deeply submerged stable basin floor.

## Fossils

The basal sandstone contains numerous plant fossils and the lower limestone is almost entirely crinoid fragments. The siltstone contains abundant brachiopods such as Leiorhynchus carboniferum.

## History of investigation

The Rancheria Formation was first described by Laudon and Bowsher in 1949. In 1977, Yurewicz argued for abandoning their underlying Las Cruces Formation and placing its beds in the Rancheria Formation.
# Louis Bisson

Louis Bisson, CM, OBE was a Canadian aviator. He was born in 1909 in Hull, Quebec (now Gatineau, Quebec). He died on 19 September 1997.
He flew for the Royal Air Force Ferry Command during World War II.
Louis Bisson received the King's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air on 11 June 1942. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1944. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada on 23 June 1980. He was inducted in the Québec Air and Space Hall of Fame on 21 October 2002.
The Louis Bisson Bridge over the Rivière des Prairies is named after him.
# Rampur Bazar railway station

Rampur Bazar railway station is located in Dakshin Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves Rampur, Jagadishbati village and the surrounding areas. The station was built in 2004. A few trains, like the Gour Express, Malda Town–Balurghat passenger trains stop at Rampur Bazar station.
# Rampur Dhobiya Har

Rampur Dhobiya Har is a village located in Nanpara Tehsil, of Bahraich district in Uttar Pradesh, India.

## About

According to the 2011 census the location code or village code of Rampur Dhobiya Har is 171489. Rampur Dhobiya Har is located in Nanpara Tehsil of Bahraich district in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated 35km away from sub-district headquarter Nanpara and 70km away from district headquarter Bahraich. As per 2009 statistics, Rampur Dhobiya Har is the gram panchayat of Rampur Dhobiya Har village.
The total geographical area of village is 930.36 hectares. Rampur Dhobiya Har has a total population of 6,202 peoples. There are about 1,151 houses in Rampur Dhobiya Har village. Nanpara is nearest town to Rampur Dhobiya Har which is approximately 35km away.

## Demographics

The village is home to 6202 people, among them 3314 (53%) are male and 2888 (47%) are female. 85% of the whole population are from general caste, 15% are from schedule caste. Child (aged under 6 years) population of Rampur Dhobiya Har village is 19%, among them 53% are boys and 47% are girls. There are 1151 households in the village and an average 5 persons live in every family.

## Population growth

Population of the village has increased by 33.6% in last 10 years. In 2001 census total population here were 4643. Female population growth rate of the village is 40.5% which is 12.4% higher than male population growth rate of 28.1%. General caste population has increased by 39.8%; Schedule caste population has increased by 7% and child population has increased by 43.5% in the village since last census.

## Education

Rampur Dhobiya Har has many educational institutions, three inter colleges, and one graduate/postgraduate college.
# Marsdiep

The Marsdiep is a deep tide race between Den Helder and Texel in the Netherlands, and running southwards between sandbanks. That gap connects the North Sea and the Waddenzee.
Around 1000 AD and before, much of the modern Waddenzee and IJsselmeer was land and the Marsdiep was an ordinary brook. An early form of its name is Maresdeop, a name probably related to modern Dutch moerasdiep ("swamp deep"). During the All Saints' Flood of 1170, the sea broke through the original dune barrier and created the channel.
The Marsdiep was in the age of sail in English called the Texel, in distinction from the island of Texel.
* This North Holland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Martinus Richter

Martinus Richter is a German orthopaedic surgeon, and Associate Professor at the Hannover Medical School and Head of the Department for Foot and Ankle Surgery Nuremberg and Rummelsberg at the Hospital Rummelsberg and Sana-Hospital Nuremberg.

## Clinical and scientific contribution

In the scientific field, Richter and his team developed a score for diagnosing and tracking foot and ankle conditions.
Richter developed a form of pedography for force and pressure measurement that can be used during operations to assess mechanical function.
He developed a form of computer assisted surgery for foot and ankle corrections.
He has run clinical trials on a variation of articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting to treat cartilage defects in feet and ankles.
He also developed several implants for foot and ankle surgery.

## Awards

* 2009 Leonard J. Goldner Award der American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) at the 25th Annual Summer Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, 2009
# Los Gusanos

Los Gusanos is a garage/rock/punk band formed in 1992 by Chris Ward (a.k.a. C. J. Ramone of the Ramones). The band began as a side project, but became a full-time job after the Ramones disbanded. Unlike his bassist role in Ramones, Ward sings lead and plays rhythm guitar. With Ward joined by "Dirty" Ed Lynch on lead guitar, "Big" John Chadwick on bass and Frank Saitta on drums, the band put out a few singles (including a cover of Ten Years After's "I'd Love To Change The World") before recording its self-titled debut album in 1997. Los Gusanos came out in Europe that year, and was released in the U.S. by Mayhem in 1998.

## Albums

All tracks are written by Los Gusanos except
# Rangail

Rangail is a village in the Saharanpur district in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is situated about 16 km away from Saharanpur proper at the Highway Deoband. The population includes many communities e.g. Tyagi, Kashyap, Pal, Vishvakarma, Harijan, Salmani, Telli, Jhojje And Shekh. In this village, the main occupation is farming and Government Service. There are many villages near Rangail. These are Sunehati kharkhari, Roopri, Feraheri, Kolkie, Pathed, Hariyabas, Itava, khajoori etc.
# Martín Suárez de Toledo

Martín Suárez de Toledo (1520-1584) was a Spanish nobleman and conquistador. He served as interim Governor of the Río de la Plata and Paraguay. Suárez de Toledo is primarily remembered for his involvement in the conquest and colonization of the Río de la Plata region.

## Biography

Born in Seville, his parents were Hernando Arias de Saavedra and Beatriz Suarez de Figueroa, belonging to the Spanish nobility. Martín Suárez de Toledo came to Paraguay in the expedition of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca in 1542.
He was married to María de Sanabria, daughter of Juan de Sanabria and Mencía Calderón Ocampo.
Martín Suárez de Toledo was Governor of Paraguay and Río de la Plata between July 31, 1569, and November 29, 1574, and was preceded by Felipe de Cáceres. He also served as Lieutenant governor of Asuncion between 1569-1572 and 1574-1575.
Martín Suárez de Toledo and María de Sanabria, were the parents of the Governor Hernando Arias de Saavedra.
# Rose Bertram

Stephanie Rose Bertram (born 26 October 1994) is a Belgian model.

## Early life and family

Rose was born in Kortrijk; her father is a Belgian of Scottish descent while her mother is of Portuguese, Angolan, and Senegalese descent. Her mother signed her with a modeling agency when she was 13. She was raised in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, in Deinze.

## Career

Bertram was cast by the Dominique agency at 16 and attracted notice in a photo-shoot with Juergen Teller for Jambox; she has since appeared in campaigns for H&M, L'Oréal, Hunkemöller, Primark, and Agent Provocateur among others. She moved to the United States at age 18, and signed with Marilyn.
She was the subject of photo articles in Oyster, shot by Tyler, the Creator, and in Galore, and modeled for several fashion houses. In 2015, she was the first Belgian model to be featured in promotion for the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue.

## Personal life and family

Bertram had a relationship with the Dutch football player Gregory van der Wiel, At the time they met, she was 17. They previously linked in Paris; after his transfer to the Turkish club Fenerbahçe in 2016, they moved to Istanbul. In 2018, Bertram and Van der Wiel had a daughter, born in Toronto. Their relationship ended in 2022.
# Rose Blossom Punch

Rose Blossom Punch was a post-grunge/alternative rock band from Seattle, Washington. It was formed in 1995 by Aaron Sprinkle and Paul Mumaw, with Poor Old Lu bassist Nick Barber and guitarist Terry Coggins.
Two songs, "Sowing in the Sun" (1995) and "See It in Me" (1996), appeared on Tooth and Nail Records compilations, and a demo of "Based on a True Story" in a 1997 SaraBellum Records sampler. An album, Ephemere, was released on July 10, 1997 on SaraBellum. An EP, Sorry to Disappoint You, recorded for Jackson Rubio in 1999, was self-released in December 2000.

## Discography

* Ephemere - SaraBellum Records (1997)
* Sorry to Disappoint You - self-released (1999), remastered in 2019, re-released via Bandcamp

### Compilation appearances

* "Sowing in the Sun" on Art Core Vol. I - Tooth and Nail Records (1995)
* "See It in Me" on Art Core Vol. II - Tooth and Nail Records (1996)
* "Based on a True Story (Demo)" on Music for Meals: Take Time to Listen Vol. III - SaraBellum Records (1997)
* "Sleepily" on "Vitaphonic (and other sonic pleasures)" - Sad Puppy Records (1998)
* "Haunted Church" on Five Minute Walk Records Greatest Hits 1995-1999 - Five Minute Walk (1999)
# Louis Clarke

Louis Clarke may refer to
* Louis Clarke (athlete)
* Louis Clarke (antiquarian)
* Louis Semple Clarke
# Ronald Gould (mathematician)

Ronald James Gould (born April 15, 1950) is an American mathematician specializing in combinatorics and graph theory. He is a Goodrich C. White professor emeritus in the Emory University Department of Mathematics.

## Education and career

After attending SUNY Fredonia for his undergraduate degree, Gould received his Ph.D. in 1979 from Western Michigan University. His thesis was titled Traceability in Graphs, and was completed under the supervision of Gary Chartrand. He spent a short period as a lecturer at San Jose State University in 1978 and 1979, then moved to Emory University in 1979. He was named to the Goodrich C. White professorship in 2001, and retired in 2016.
Gould is most noted for his work in the area of Hamiltonian graph theory. He is the author of the book Mathematics in Games, Sports, and Gambling: The Games People Play (2010).
# Rasmus Skylstad

Rasmus Skylstad (11 July 1893 – 17 October 1972) was a Norwegian diplomat.
He was born in Hjørundfjord. He worked as a secretary in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1924. He served as permanent under-secretary of state of the Ministry from 1948 to 1958. He was the Norwegian ambassador to France from 1958. He was decorated Commander with Star of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1946.
# Louis-Armand Chardin

Louis-Armand Chardin, called Chardiny (1755 – 1 October 1793) was an 18th-century French composer.

## Biography

Born in Fécamp, Chardin made his debut at the Paris opera in 1780 as baritone and was finally received the following year. He stood out for the beauty of his voice and the purity of his singing. Nevertheless, he acted coldly and never knew how to enliven the stage. The role which made him most honoured was that of Theseus in Œdipe à Colone.
Chardin was a composer, and we know of him several small operas that he wrote for the Théâtre Beaujolais [fr], such as: le Pouvoir de la nature, in one act, 1786; la Ruse d’amour, in one act, 1786; le Clavecin, 1787; Clitandre et Céphise, 1788. In 1787 he had l’Anneau perdu et retrouvé performed at the Comédie-Italienne. He is also known for the music of a melodrama entitled: Annette et Basile.
Chardin was one of the first to set music to Florian's romances Estelle and Galatée. His oratorio Retour de Tobie was given at the Concert spirituel the same year. Chardin wrote the recitatives of Paisiello's Le Roi Théodore à Venise, when this work, translated by Moline, was performed at the Opera on 11 September 1787.
It is also necessary to add to the list of his dramatic productions l'Amant sculpteur, opéra comique in one act which was performed at the Théâtre-comique et lyrique in 1790. When in 1792, Piis and Barré established the Théâtre du Vaudeville, they hired Chardin as a "teacher" of their young artists, and as a composer and arranger of the music for their plays.
   Few people, wrote the editor of the Almanach des Spectacles, were in a better condition than this artist to work for this show: the vaudeville was his favorite genre, and he was made to enrich his theatre with a multitude of tunes, which the authors have put everywhere, and which are in everyone's mouth.
This job did not prevent Chardin from continuing to be part of the Opera staff, but it did give him the ability to place a relative, perhaps his brother, J. Chardin, in the orchestra of Vaudeville, where he played the cello parts.
Having warmly embraced the party of the Revolution, Chardin was captain of an armed company of the section de Marat [fr] when he died at age thirty-seven.
Five days after his death, the vaudevillist Piis sent these verses about Chardin to the Journal des Spectacles :
       Opera loses a good artist,
       Music, a good harmonist,
       Vaudeville a good supporter,
       The god Comus a good guest;
       But what causes everyone a more severe pain,
       The Republic, in him, loses a good citizen.

## Sources

* François-Joseph Fétis, Biographie universelle des musiciens, Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1881, (p. 170).
# Raphespinal tract

The raphespinal tract is a descending spinal cord tract located in the medulla oblongata. It consists of two tracts an anterior raphespinal tract, and a lateral raphespinal tract that mainly descend in the lateral funiculus. Fibers descend in the ventral portion of the lateral funiculus, mainly bilaterally to terminate in laminae I, II, and IV.
The tract emerges from three of the raphe nuclei, the magnus, obscurus, and pallidus. The fibers of the raphespinal tract are mainly serotonergic. When raphe nuclei are stimulated they release serotonin which modulates the transmission of pain.

## Pathways

Pain pathways converging upon the raphe nuclei to modulate pain via the raphespinal tract include:
** Laminae I and V of spinal cord→ spinomesencephalic tract → periaqueductal gray → nucleus raphe magnus →
** Laminae I and V of spinal cord → spinomesencephalic tract → mesencephalon raphe nuclei →
** Nociceptive group C first-order nerve fiber → interneurons of lamina II (substantia gelatinosa) and lamina III of the posterior grey column of the spinal cord → second-order neurons of laminae V-VIII of spinal cord → spinoreticular tract → nucleus raphe magnus and gigantocellular raphe nucleus →
* Raphespinal tract → spinal trigeminal nucleus and posterior grey column of the spinal cord → activating serotonergic synapses with inhibitory enkephalinergic interneurons → inhibitory enkephalinergic synapses with nociceptive first-order nerve fibers.

## Function

Electrical stimulation of either the periaqueductal gray or (its downstream target) nucleus raphe magnus induces profund analgesia; this effect can be abolished both by transection of the raphespinal tract as well as by opioid receptor antagonists (evidencing one of the mechanisms by which opioid bring about pain relief). An electrical stimulator implant of the periaqueductal gray can be used clinically for pain management, evoking instantaneous pain relief upon activation.
The raphespinal tract appears to also be involved in modulating motor activity as serotonin increases the excitability of motor neurons - serotonin-blocking medications can alleviate spasticity caused by damage to the motor pathways.