# Timeline of Mashhad

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mashhad, Iran.

## Prior to 20th century

Part of a series on the :
History of Iran :
Prehistoric periodBCE / BC
Baradostian culture c. 36,000–18,000 Zarzian culture c. 20,000–10,000 Shulaveri–Shomu culture c. 6000–5000 Zayandeh River Culture c. 6th millennium Dalma culture c. 5th millennium :
Ancient period Kura–Araxes culture 3400–2000 Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Jiroft culture c. 3100–2200 Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua c. 3100-675 Elam 2700–539 Marhaši c. 2550-2020 Oxus Civilization c. 2400–1700 Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c. 1500–1155 Avestan period c. 1500–500 Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaea 850–616 Zikirti 750-521 Saparda 720-670 :
Imperial period Median Empire 678–550 BC Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BC Anshanite Kingdom 635 BC–550 BC Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 BC–539 BC Sogdia c. 6th century BC–11th century AD Achaemenid Empire 550 BC–330 BC Kingdom of Armenia 331 BC–428 AD Atropatene c. 323 BC–226 AD Kingdom of Cappadocia 320s BC–17 AD Seleucid Empire 312 BC–63 BC Kingdom of Pontus 281 BC–62 BC Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Elymais 147 BC–224 AD Characene 141 BC–222 AD Kings of Persis 132 BC–224 AD Indo-Parthian Kingdom 19 AD–224/5 Paratarajas 125–300 Sasanian Empire 224–651 Zarmihrids 6th century–785 Qarinvandids 550s–11th century :
Medieval periodCE / AD
Rashidun Caliphate 632-661 Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349 Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Baduspanids 665–1598 Justanids 791 – 11th century Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999 Saffarid dynasty 861–1003 Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1215 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090 Ilyasids 932–968 Buyid dynasty 934–1062 Rawadid dynasty 955–1070 Hasanwayhids 959–1095 Ghaznavid dynasty 977–1186 Annazids 990/1–1117 Kakuyids 1008–1141 Nasrid dynasty 1029–1236 Shabankara 1030–1355 Seljuk Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231 Eldiguzids 1135–1225 Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319 Salghurids 1148–1282 Hazaraspids 1155–1424 Pishkinid dynasty 1155–1231 Khorshidi dynasty 1184-1597 Qutlugh-Khanids 1223-1306 Mihrabanids 1236–1537 Kurt dynasty 1244–1396 Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335 Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357 Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393 Jalayirid Sultanate 1337–1376 Sarbadars 1337–1376 Injuids 1335–1357 Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504 Mar'ashis 1359–1596 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Kar-Kiya dynasty 1370s–1592 Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468 Aq Qoyunlu 1468–1508 :
Early modern period Safavid Iran 1501–1736 (Hotak dynasty) 1722–1729 Afsharid Iran 1736–1796 Zand dynasty 1751–1794 :
Modern period Qajar Iran 1789–1925 Pahlavi Iran 1925–1979 :
Contemporary period Iranian Revolution 1979 Interim Government 1979 Islamic Republic 1979–present :
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* 330 BCE - Passage and residence of Alexander the Great during his Persian campaign. Probably the first settlement in the modern city area.
* 818 CE - Death of Ali al-Ridha (8th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam) at Sanābādh; Imam Reza shrine established.
* 970s-990s - Imam Reza Shrine demolished "in an act of fanaticism" by Ghaznavid Nāṣer-al-dawla Sübüktigin.
* 1009 - Imam Reza Shrine rebuilt.
* 1121 - Town wall built.
* 1161 - Mashhad sacked by Ghuzz Turks.
* 1389 - Nearby Tus besieged and "left a heap of ruins" by forces of Timurid Miran Shah; refugees flee to Mashhad.
* 1418 - Goharshad Mosque built.
* 1426 - Bala-yi sar madrasa built at the Imam Reza shrine.
* 1439 - Du-dar madrasa built by Shah Rukh at the Imam Reza shrine.
* 1457 - Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi established.
* 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Mashhad as a holy city (approximate date).
* 1507 - Mashhad taken by forces of Uzbek Muhammad Shaybani.
* 1544 - Mashhad sacked by Uzbek forces.
* 1589 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Shaybanid Abd al-Mumin.
* 1598 - Mashhad taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia; Uzbeks defeated.
* 1722 - Afghan Abdalis in power.
* 1726 - Mashhad besieged by Persian forces.
* 1753 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Afghan Ahmad Shah Durrani.
* 1803 - Mashhad besieged by forces of Fath Ali Shah.
* 1849 - Mashhad taken by forces of Husam al-Saltana.
* 1876 - Palace of Abbas Mirza built.
* 1889 - British and Russian governments maintain consulates-general.

## 20th century

* 1912 - 29 March: Bombing of city by Russians.
* 1918
** Mashhad municipality (administrative entity) formed.
** Mirza Abdol-Raheem Khan Zand Kashef ol-Molk (میرزا عبدالرحیم خان زند کاشف الملک) becomes the city's first mayor.
* 1920 - Population: 70,000-80,000 (approximate estimate).
* 1925 / 1304 SH - 31 March: Solar Hijri calendar legally adopted in Iran.
* 1949 - Razavi University established.
* 1959 - Nader Shah Mausoleum erected.
* 1963 - Population: 312,186 (estimate).
* 1964 - Astan Quds Razavi Central Museum inaugurated.
* 1966 - Mashhad railway station opens.
* 1968 - سینما هویزه [fa] (cinema) established.
* 1970 - سینما قدس (مشهد) [fa] (cinema) established.
* 1971 - سینما آفریقا (مشهد) [fa] (cinema) established.
* 1980 - باغ‌وحش وکیل‌آباد [fa] (zoo) established.
* 1982 - Population: 1,120,000 (estimate).
* 1983 - Samen Stadium opens.
* 1995 - Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi new building opens.
* 1996 - Population: 1,887,405.

## 21st century

* 2004
** Proma Hypermarket in business.
** City becomes part of the newly formed Razavi Khorasan Province.
* 2011
** Mashhad Urban Railway begins operating.
** Siah Jamegan Aboumoslem Khorasan F.C. (football club) formed.
** پیست دوچرخه‌سواری مشهد [fa] (velodrome) opens.
** Imam Reza Stadium construction begins.
** Population: 2,766,258.
* 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
* 2014
** Sowlat Mortazavi becomes mayor.
** City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 5.