OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Perineal nerve

The perineal nerve is a nerve of the pelvis. It arises from the pudendal nerve in the pudendal canal. It gives superficial branches to the skin, and a deep branch to muscles. It supplies the skin and muscles of the perineum. Its latency is tested with electrodes.

## Structure

The perineal nerve is a branch of the pudendal nerve. It lies below the internal pudendal artery. It accompanies the perineal artery. It passes through the pudendal canal for around 2 or 3 cm. Whilst still in the canal, it divides into superficial branches and a deep branch. The superficial branches of the perineal nerve become the posterior scrotal nerves in men, and the posterior labial nerves in women. The deep branch of the perineal nerve (also known as the "muscular" branch) travels to the muscles of the perineum. Both of these are superficial to the dorsal nerve of the penis or the dorsal nerve of the clitoris.

## Function

The perineal nerve supplies the skin and muscles of the perineum. The superficial branches supply sensation to the perineum, and the scrotum in men or the labia majora in women. The deep branch supplies superficial transverse perineal muscle, the bulbospongiosus muscle, the ischiocavernosus muscle, the bulb of penis, levator ani, and the external anal sphincter.

## Clinical significance

The latency of the perineal nerve can be measured with electrodes. It is used to test nerve function.

## Additional images

* Sacral plexus of the right side. (Perineal nerve visible at center right.)
# Qi Commandery

Qi Commandery (Chinese: 齊郡) was a commandery in historical China, located in what is now central Shandong province.
The commandery was established in the Qin dynasty, possibly as Linzi Commandery (臨菑郡). In early Western Han dynasty, it became part of the Qi Kingdom under Liu Fei, son of Liu Bang, and his descendants. In 165 BC, Liu Ze (劉則), the grandson of Fei and reigning King of Qi, died without issue and the Han court divided the kingdom among the sons of Fei. Linzi Commandery became the fief of Liu Jianglü (劉將閭) and retained the name "Qi", although it was only a fraction of Fei's Qi Kingdom. In 127 BC, Liu Cichang (劉次昌) died without issue, and the territory became directly administered by the Han central government as the Qi Commandery. In late Western Han dynasty, the commandery consisted of 12 counties and marquessates: Linzi (臨淄), Changguo (昌國), Li (利), Xi'an (西安), Juding (鉅定), Guang (廣), Guangrao (廣饒), Zhaonan (昭南), Linqu (臨朐), Beixiang (北鄉), Pingguang (平廣) and Taixiang (臺鄉). The total population in 2 AD was 554,444, in 154,826 households. The seat was Linzi, capital of the Warring States era Qi state.
In Eastern Han dynasty, Qi was the fief of Liu Zhang (劉章), nephew of Emperor Guangwu, and his descendants until 206 AD. In 140 AD, there were 6 counties, namely Linzi, Xi'an, Changguo, Linqu, Guang and Banyang (般陽), with a total population of 491,765 (64,415 households).
In Cao Wei dynasty, Qi was granted to Cao Fang, adopted son of Emperor Ming of Wei. After the foundation of Western Jin, Qi was granted to Sima You, brother of Emperor Wu, and passed to his descendants until the Yongjia era.
In Northern Wei, Qi administered 9 counties, including Linzi, Changguo, Yidu (益都), Panyang (盤陽), Pingchang (平昌), Guangrao, Xi'an, Anping (安平) and Guangchuan (廣川). According to the Book of Wei, the population was 82,100, in 30,848 households. The commandery was abolished in early Sui dynasty.
In Sui and Tang dynasties, Qi Commandery became an alternative name of Qi Prefecture (齊州). In 741, there were 6 counties, namely Licheng, Zhangqiu, Linyi (臨邑), Linji (臨濟), Changqing (長清) and Yucheng. The population was 365,972, in 62,485 households.
# Readdle

Readdle is a Ukrainian mobile application development company. The company research and development is based in Odesa, Ukraine. The operation is mostly built around the App Store, cumulatively generating over 100 million downloads. The company was founded by former college roommates Igor Zhadanov, Alex Tyagulsky, Andrian Budantsov, and Dmitry Protserov.

## Products
### Documents

Documents (previously ReaddleDocs) is a file management application. The app was Readdle's first product, and was developed because co-founders Alex Tyagulsky and Andrian Budantsov wished to be able to read books on their iPhones. It was initially released as a Safari-based web service in 2007. Later, Apple asked Readdle to submit the app (then called ReaddleDocs) to become one of the 500 apps available on the App Store when it launched on July 10, 2008. After Wall Street Journal writer Walt Mossberg endorsed the app, sales increased ninefold, netting the company $500–1000 a week. In 2013, the app rebranded as Documents.

### PDF Expert

PDF Expert is a PDF editing app for iPhone, iPad and Mac. The app allows a user to read, annotate and edit PDFs, change text and images, fill in forms and sign contracts.
PDF Expert was initially launched for iOS in 2010 for the first iPad and is now supported on the iPad, iPhone, and Mac.

### Spark

Spark is an email application for Windows, iOS, macOS, and Android devices. Lifehacker wrote that Spark was the best alternative for Mailbox users when that service went offline. It was released on April 2, 2019, and was Readdle's first app released on Android.
# Megachile obdurata

Megachile obdurata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1930.
# Minicar

Minicar or mini car may refer to:
* Bond Minicar, a three-wheeler made by Bond Cars Ltd
* City car, a European car classification
* Kei car, a Japanese car classification
* Mini, a popular British small car made from 1959 to 2000
* Mini Hatch, a retro-styled supermini produced in 2001 by BMW
* Mini 4WD, an AA-powered toy car that used to be popular in Asia
# Names (EP)

Names, is a three-track EP by British indie rock band Johnny Foreigner. It is the first Johnny Foreigner record to feature Lewes Herriot. It was released on longtime home label Alcopop! Records except in the USA where it was released through Chicago-based record label Swerp Records in November 2012. The US version contains an alternative track-listing to Alcopop! release.

## Personnel
### Johnny Foreigner

* Alexei Berrow - Vocals/Guitar
* Kelly Southern - Vocals/Bass
* Lewes Herriot - Guitar/Vocals
* Junior Elvis Washington Laidley - Drums/Vocals
# Nanodacna austrocedrella

Nanodacna austrocedrella is a moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It is found in Argentina.
# Minsk Province

Minsk Province may refer to:
* Minsk Region, oblast of Belarus
* Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (1793–1921)
# Milwaukee Short Film Festival

The Milwaukee Short Film Festival is an annual film festival held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## History

The festival was established in 1994 by the Milwaukee Independent Film Society and is held each year in September. In 2015, the festival screened 53 short films at ComedySportz in Walker's Point, Milwaukee. Thirty-six of the films were works by local filmmakers.
# Minnesota Office of Higher Education

The Minnesota Office of Higher Education is an executive branch agency that is responsible for the coordination of higher education information, financial aid programs, statistics, and policy in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The agency does not run or administer the two public systems of higher education in Minnesota, the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system or the University of Minnesota system.

## Functions

In contrast to many other states, the Minnesota Office of Higher Education primarily functions as a policy and coordination role between the state's public, private non-profit and for-profit colleges and universities. It is the designated state higher education executive office or SHEEO organization. The agency also participates with the National Council for State Authorization Reciprocity or NC-SARA.
It also administers financial aid on behalf of the state with respect to state and federal student loans and aid. It also provides general counseling on student loans and finances to the public. Annually it administers up to $150 million of state grants and the state loan program called SELF to students attending schools in Minnesota.
The agency also provides research on higher education spending for the state legislature and advises the Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs on the administration of the state and federal G.I. Bill. In addition to these functions it also licenses higher education programs in Minnesota.

## Initiatives

The agency has set a statewide policy goal of increasing the percent of Minnesota citizens to that have attained a collegiate certificate or degree to 70 percent by 2025. It is also working to research ways of reducing structural barriers and achievement gaps for students of color, persons of low income, persons with disabilities and other groups. In 2013, the state legislature passed the Minnesota Dream Act which allowed for undocumented students to be eligible for in-state tuition. The agency administers the funding and determines eligibility for the dream act and for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival students.
# Minsk bombing

Minsk bombing may refer to several events occurred in Minsk, the capital of Belarus:
* Bombing of Minsk in World War II, an aerial bombing operation occurred in 1941
* 2008 Minsk bombing, a terrorist attack occurred in 2008
* 2011 Minsk Metro bombing, a terrorist attack occurred in 2011
# Minnesota State University (disambiguation)

Minnesota State University may refer to:
* Minnesota State University, Mankato, a public university in Mankato, Minnesota
* Minnesota State University Moorhead, a public university in Moorhead, Minnesota
* Minnesota State Colleges and Universities System, the largest higher education system of the state of Minnesota
# Mint Colony monorail station

Mint Colony is a monorail station on Line 1 of the Mumbai Monorail located at Wadia Baug, Best Colony in the Parel suburb of Mumbai, India. Lies on the Shri Sai Baba Marg which is nearby Lalbaug Flyover.
# Nanopore battery

A nanopore battery is a rechargeable battery that is a composite of billions of nanoscale batteries formed within the pores of a substrate.
The space inside the holes is so small that billions of pores combined equal the volume of a grain of sand. Each pore's diameter was some one eighty-thousandth the width of a human hair.

## Construction

In 2014 a demonstration device was made from a ceramic sheet made of anodic aluminum. It held two vanadium pentoxide nanotube electrodes separated by an electrolyte that carried the electrical charge between the two. The current collector was made of ruthenium. The individual batteries are connected in parallel.
The V $_2$O $_5$ is prelithiated at one end to form the anode, with pure V $_2$O $_5$ at the other end to form the cathode. The battery asymmetrically cycles between 0.2 V and 1.8 V.

## Performance

The capacity retention of this full cell (relative to 1 C values) is 95% at 5 C and 46% at 150 C, with a 1,000-cycle life. A demonstration device was fully charged in 12 minutes and recharged thousands of times.

## Implications

The system uses an electrochemical regime in which ion insertion and surface charge mechanisms for energy storage become indistinguishable. It can serve as a vehicle for studying ion transport limits in dense, nanostructured, electrode arrays.
# Minuscule 260

Minuscule 260 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 369 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 241 parchment leaves (30.5 cm by 22.4 cm). The text is written in one column per page, in 24 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Μark 241 Sections – the last in 16:20), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains Prolegomena, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel, and pictures.
According to Scrivener the manuscript is correctly written.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K$^x$. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx in Luke 1 and Luke 20.

## History

The manuscript once belonged to "domini du Fresne" (as codex 309. The manuscripts 260-469 were added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794-1852). It was examined and described by Scholz and Paulin Martin. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884.
The manuscript is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 51) at Paris.
# Minuscule 261

Minuscule 261 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 282 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has full marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 175 parchment leaves (28.1 cm by 22.7 cm), with some lacunae (Matthew 1:1–11:1; 14:25–19:21; Luke 24:39–53; John 20:15–21:19). The first 28 leaves are paper.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 241, the last in 16:20), but without references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical reading), αναγνωσεις (lessons), and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel (later hand), with numbers of στιχοι. It is correctly written. Lacuna at Matthew 1:1–11:1 was supplied by a later hand in the 14th century on a paper.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family K$^1$. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family K$^x$ in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made.

## History

At the end of the codex is written: το παρον Βιβλιον υπαρχον της αγιοτατης μετροπολεως ξανθης του τιμιου προδρομου, και οστε βουληθη αποξενοσαι τουτο εκ του μοναστηριου ταυτης να εχη τας αρας των τιη θεοφορων πατερων λ.
The manuscript was held at the monastery of the Prodromous (Forerunner) at Constantinople. The manuscripts was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Johann Martin Augustin Scholz (1794-1852). C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884.
The manuscript is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gr. 52) at Paris.
# Miodrag Petković

Miodrag S. Petković (born 10 February 1948 in Niš, Serbia in the former Yugoslavia) is a mathematician and computer scientist. In 1991 he became a full professor of mathematics at the Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš in Serbia.

## Biography

Petković specializes in the theory of iterative processes for solving nonlinear equations and Interval mathematics. He wrote 270 academic papers (153 in Clarivate Analytics' SCI journals) and 28 books, including four monographs Iterative Methods for Simultaneous Inclusion of Polynomial Zeros (Springer-Verlag 1989), Complex Interval Arithmetic and Its Applications (Wiley-VCH 1998), Point Estimation of Root Finding Methods (Springer-Verlag 2008), and Multipoint Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations (Elsevier 2013). Petković papers were cited 1193 times with Hirsch index h=20, while Elsevier's Reference Manager Mendeley displays 1565 citations and h=21.
He was visiting professor at the University of Oldenburg from 1989 to 2001, the Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg (France, 1992), the University of Tsukuba (Japan, 2001), and a scientific researcher/invited lecturer at Columbia University, Harvard University, and at the universities of Freiburg, Zurich (ETH), Oldenburg, Berlin (Humboldt University), London, Sofia, Kiel, Tokyo, Tsukuba, Nagoya and Vienna. He took part at 60 conferences and congresses, and he was the invited lecturer on two world's congresses in 1992 and 1996, and several international conferences. He was a co-organizer of the international conference at the University of Kiel (Germany) 1998.
Petković is an Associate Editor in Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics and Applied Mathematics and Computation and a member of editorial board of Reliable Computing, Journal of Applied Mathematics, Journal of Mathematics and Computing Systems, Journal of Complex Analysis, Mathematical Aeterna, and Novi Sad J. Math.
Petković is a member of the Serbian Scientific Society, New York Academy of Science, American Mathematical Society, GAMM, and was a member of the Serbian National Council of Science from 2010 to 2015.

## Publications

Publications include:
* Iterative Methods for Simultaneous Inclusion of Polynomial Zeros. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 1387. Springer-Verlag. 1989. ISBN 978-3-540-51485-5.
* Mathematics and Chess. Dover Publications. 1997. ISBN 0-486-29432-3. (a collection of 110 problems in algebra, geometry, and combinatorics based on the rules of the chess game – part of this book can be read on Google books)
* Point Estimation of Root Finding Methods. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 1933. Springer-Verlag. 2008. ISBN 978-3-540-77850-9.
* Famous puzzles of great mathematicians. Providence, R.I. : American Mathematical Society. 2009. ISBN 978-0-8218-4814-2.
* Complex interval arithmetic and its applications. Wiley-VCH. 1998. ISBN 3-527-40134-2. (preview readable on Google books)
* Multipoint Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations. Elsevier/Academic Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-12-397013-8.
# Mountain Combat Boot

Mountain Combat Boots (MCB) are durable, hiking-style combat boot used by the likes of Mountain troops. The boot is designed for rugged terrain and has the ankle stability, support and mobility required in a mountainous environment.

## Users
### Argentina

Argentine soldiers have worn Alta Montaña type mountain combat boots during the Falklands war made by El Resero.

### France

The Chasseurs Alpins wear mountain combat boots on parade.

### Germany

The Gebirgsjäger wear mountain combat boots as well as on parade.

### United States

Mountain Combat Boots (MCB) are issued to U.S. Soldiers deploying to Afghanistan as part of the Rapid Fielding Initiative process. Both Hot Weather and Temperate Weather variants of the MCBs have been issued by the Army.
# Madhavi Kale

Madhavi Kale is professor of history of Bryn Mawr College and associate professor at the University of Toronto Scarborough. Kale received her BA from Yale University and her PhD from the University of Pennsylvania.
Kale is a specialist in British and imperial history, and has published numerous works on the Indian indenture system. In a 2002 review of The Oxford History of the British Empire in Social History, she criticized the series as "a disturbingly revisionist project that seeks to neutralize ... the massive political and military brutality and repression" of the empire.

## Selected publications

* "The Negro and Dark Princess: Two Legacies of the Universal Races Congress (London, 1911)" in Radical History Review, 92 (spring): pp. 133–152. (With Robert Gregg)
* "Projecting Identities: Empire and 19th-Century Indentured Labor Migration from India to Trinidad and British Guiana," in Peter van der Veer, ed., Nation and Migration. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
* "Capital Spectacles in British Frames: Capital, Empire and Indian Indentured Migration to the British Caribbean" in International Review of Social History, 41:109-33, 1996.
* "When the 'Saints' came marching in: British abolitionists and Indian indentured migration" in Rick B. Halpern and Martin Daunton, eds., Empire and Others: British Encounters with Indigenous Peoples, 1600-1850. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. ISBN 9780812216998
* Fragments of Empire: Capital, Slavery, and Indian indentured Labor Migration in the British Caribbean. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. ISBN 0812234677
# Wratting

Wratting may refer to the following places in England:
* Great Wratting, Suffolk
* Little Wratting, Suffolk
* West Wratting, Cambridgeshire
# Manning, North Dakota

Manning is a small town in, and the county seat of, Dunn County, North Dakota, United States. Manning was founded in 1908 to serve as the seat of Dunn County, itself organized that year. Its population was not reported in the 2000 census, but was included in the 2020 census, where a population of 47 was given.
An unincorporated community, Manning, along with the surrounding inhabited vicinity, was designated part of the United States Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program on March 31, 2010, with the name of the Manning Census Designated Place

## Name

Manning was named after the pioneer rancher Dan Manning (1845–1914), who promoted the area. It was originally suggested that the community be named Owensville after William P. Owens (1870–1913) because administrative work was carried out at his home, but Owens declined to have the community named after him.

## Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Manning has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

## Notable person

Mel Ruder, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist was born in Manning.

## Education

It is zoned to the Killdeer School District.
# Manlietta

Manlietta is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish.
# Richard Jeffrey (disambiguation)

Richard Jeffrey is an American philosopher.
Richard Jeffrey may also refer to:
# Manuel Caetano de Sousa

Manuel Caetano de Sousa (1738–1802) was a Portuguese architect. He studied architecture under his father Tomás Caetano. He worked in the late Baroque and rococo style of architecture. On the death of Mateus Vicente de Oliveira he became architect to the royal family and was appointed architect in charge of public works and raised to the rank of an artillery colonel.
His works included the church of the "Incarnation, of S. Domingos" and the Bemposta Chapel. In his capacity as Royal architect he worked on various of the many royal palaces, most notably being responsible for the great library at Palace of Mafra and the east wing of the Palace of Queluz, which is today that part of the palace reserved for a visiting head of state. He also designed the tower of the Royal Chapel. In 1795, to honour of the birth of Dom António, 4th Prince of Beira, de Sousa designed an amphitheatre for use as a bull ring constructed in the Praça do Comércio in Lisbon.