OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maurice Gignoux

Maurice Irénée Marie Gignoux (19 October 1881 – 20 October 1955) was a renowned French geologist who was a specialist on the stratigraphy of the Alps. His 1925 book Geologie stratigraphique was a landmark publication in stratigraphy and was translated into several languages and went into many editions.
Gignoux was born on Lyon in the family of stockbroker Antoine with origins in Nyon. He studied natural sciences at the École Normale Superieure and under Charles Depéret at Lycée Ampère, Lyon from 1901. From 1905 he taught at Besançon high school for two years. He moved to Grenoble in 1909 to work under Wilfrid Kilian (1862-1925) but his study was interrupted by World War I. His doctoral thesis of 1913 won the Fontannes prize. He enlisted in 1914 and worked in the army meteorological unit along with Pierre Lory. He returned after the war to join the Faculty of Sciences, Toulouse between 1918 and 1919. He was involved in organizing geology teaching at Strasbourg from 1919 to 1925. In 1926 he took the place of Kilian at the University of Grenoble and served as professor until his retirement in 1953. He also served as Dean of the Faculty of Sciences from 1940 to 1953. His students included André Allix and David Schneegans.
Gignoux married Marie Garel in 1909 and they had five sons and a daughter. He died at Grenoble where a street, Rue Maurice-Gignoux, was named in his memory.
# Samuel Osborn (surgeon)

Samuel Osborn FRCS FRHS FZS (15 April 1848, London – 16 April 1936, Datchet, Buckinghamshire) was a British general surgeon, chief surgeon to the metropolitan corps of the St John Ambulance Brigade, obstetrician, gynaecologist, and author.
The only son of Samuel Osborn (1814–1869), FRCS, the junior Samuel Osborn was educated at Epsom College and at Wren's (a "crammer" for the British army examinations) and then entered St Thomas' Hospital, where he was a house surgeon and for five years an anesthetist. He qualified LSA in 1870 and MRCS in 1871 and was elected FRCS in 1876. He was a surgeon in Royal Navy Artillery Volunteers for 12 years. From 1880 to 1922 he was surgeon to the Surgical Appliance Association and to the Metropolitan Convalescent Institution. He assisted John Furley in forming the St John Ambulance Association. Osborn served in 1897 with a Greek ambulance service during the Greco-Turkish war, in 1899 with Methuen's infantry division during the South African war, and in 1912 with the Turkish army as surgeon to the Red Crescent during the Balkan War.
   In August 1914 he went to Belgium with three dressers and three surgical nurses, one of whom was his daughter, and took over a Belgian hospital located in a private house at Gembloux. When they arrived it was found that the village was in possession of German troops, who had advanced so rapidly that they had neither doctors nor nurses. They treated German and Belgian wounded for some weeks, until a German hospital arrived when they moved to the English convent at Bruges. Osborn was afterwards placed in charge of Lady Dundonald's Hospital at Eaton Square, London. For his work in Belgium he was decorated with the Croix de Chevalier de l'Ordre de la Couronne.
Between 1914 & 1918, he became the M.O. (medical officer) for the Countess of Dundonald hospital in London.
Osborn received many medals and honours. He was Justice of the Peace for Buckinghamshire. From 1919 to 1920 he was Master of the Society of Apothecaries. He married in 1884; the marriage produced a daughter, an only child.

## Selected publications

* On the treatment of hydrocele, The Retrospect of Practical Medicine and Surgery, 1877, 75, 172–174
* On the corpus Morgagni, with reference to diseases of the testicle. St Thos Hosp Rep 1874, 5, 73–84.
* On the different forms of hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis. St This Hosp Rep 1876, 7, 101–118.
* Notes on diseases of the testis. London, 1880.
* Annotations on anaesthetics. St Thos Hosp Rep 1880, 10, 49, and 1882, 11, 23.
* Ambulance lectures: first aid to the injured. London, 1885.
* Ambulance lectures on home nursing and hygiene. London 1885; 2nd edition, 1891
** Premiers secours à donner aux malades et aux blesses. Paris, 1894.
# Norlington

Norlington may refer to:
* Norlington, East Sussex, a hamlet in Ringmer parish, England
* Norlington School, a school in London, England
# Loyalist Teaching

The Loyalist Teaching, or The Loyalist Instructions, is an ancient Egyptian text of the sebayt ('teaching') genre. It survives in part from a stela inscription of the mid Twelfth dynasty of Egypt. The whole text can be found in papyrus scrolls of the New Kingdom period. Its authorship is uncertain, although it has been suggested (with no direct evidence) that it was written by the vizier Kairsu of the early Twelfth dynasty. The text emphasizes the virtues of loyalty to the ruling pharaoh and the responsibilities one must maintain for the sake of society.

## Sources

The first half of The Loyalist Teaching is found on a Twelfth-dynasty biographical stela at Abydos made in honor of Sehetepibre, a high government official and seal-bearer who served under the Pharaohs Senusret III (r. 1878–1839 BC) and Amenemhat III (r. 1860–1814 BC; overlapping reign dates due to coregency). The full version of this Middle-Kingdom-era text only survives in New-Kingdom-era copies. These include a tablet of the early Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, the Louvre Papyrus dated to the second half of the Eighteenth dynasty, a papyrus of the Ramesside Period (i.e. Nineteenth and Twentieth dynasties), and over twenty ostraca fragments dated to the Ramesside Period.

## Content

The full text of The Loyalist Teaching comprises approximately 145 verses. It can be divided into two distinguishable sections. In the first, the teacher instructs his children that they must always respect and obey the pharaoh of Egypt, who is given praise. It is made clear that the pharaoh will destroy his enemies, but his supporters will be cared for. William Kelly Simpson—a professor emeritus of Egyptology at Yale University—asserts that The Loyalist Teaching can be classified under the Egyptian "literature of propaganda" that extols the virtues of the king. This is in contrast to works of the "literature of pessimism," such as the contemporaneous Prophecy of Neferti, which describe a time of chaos and a need to reestablish values that ensure a stable society. In the second section of The Loyalist Teaching, the author of the text instructs his children that they must also respect the common people and uphold their allotted duties in society. This includes duties of the landowner, who must not abuse his tenants lest they abandon and thus impoverish him.
Richard B. Parkinson—a curator at the British Museum—speculates that the protagonist speaker in the text is a vizier, yet the speaker's name is edited out of Sehetepibre's stela and also does not appear in later copies. Since Sehetepibre's stela was modeled after that of the vizier Montuhotep—who served during the reign of Senusret I (r. 1971-1926 BC)—it has been conjectured by scholars that Montuhotep was the author of The Loyalist Teaching, although Parkinson affirms that there is no evidence to support the claim. According to the linguistic analysis of Pascal Vernus—a professor of linguistics and Directeur d’études at the École pratique des hautes études of the University of Paris—the text should be roughly dated to the reign of Senusret I.
# Skirmish at the Strait of Malacca

The Skirmish at the Strait of Malacca (Danish; Træfningen ved Malakkastrædet) was a skirmish in 1644 between the claimed governor of Tranquebar, Bernt Pessart, and the local authorities of Dutch Malacca. The confrontation led to the imprisonment or death of all of Pessart's crew and the confiscation of the vessel, Dend gode Haab. Although Pessart and his crew would later be released and cooperate with the Dutch to spy on the Spanish in Manila.

## Background

Bernt Pessart's regime had greatly damaged Danish East Indian commerce, and as a response Willem Leyel was sent from Copenhagen to Dansborg to arrest Pessart. Pessart had gotten the news of his ordered arrest, and imprisoned the messenger. When Pessart's spies had informed him about Willem's arrival, he hastily bought a Portuguese vessel, which he named Dend gode Haab (The Good Hope), and left for Japan.
Pessart sailed east in order to pass through the Strait of Malacca on his way to Japan, yet the Dutch had seized Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641, and sharply regulated the bypassing ships in order to preserve their spice monopoly. When Pessart entered the Straits, the heavy wind stopped and they thereafter lay becalmed near Malacca.

## Skirmish

While the ship lay becalm, the crew spend their time drinking, meanwhile a Dutch mate from a nearby ship came over to inspect to ship. The mate was invited to share their drink, though, the drunk Danes quickly started an argument with the mate, and Danish Michel Evertsen came in fight with the Dutchman. The Dutch mate escaped with torn clothes and a number of wounds.

### Action

When the wounded mate returned to his own ship, the officers deemed this treatment unacceptable, and sent a boat of full armed men to Dend gode Haab. The Drunkened Danes tried to defend themselves, yet could hardly stand upright. Pessart was wounded in the foot by a spear, and he and his crew was put in prison.
It is unknown how many casualties there were, yet we are informed that the vessel, Christianshavn's former mate, Peter de Sivart, and several others died on the way to Batavia, and it is likely that it was here.

## Aftermath

The surviving Danes imprisoned, and Dend gode Haab was confiscated and brought to Malacca City. Pessart and his crew remained in prison for three months, though Pessart heavily protested for his release and the Dutch authorities finally gave in and sent Pessart, his crew and Dend gode Haab to Batavia, where a case on the matter would be brought before the local court.
After six further months of imprisonment in Batavia, Pessart's ship was given back, though with a new mission to (instead of going to Japan) espionage on Spanish Philippines.
# Wiesendangen railway station

Wiesendangen is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Zurich and municipality of Wiesendangen. The station is located on the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway line. It is an intermediate stop on Zurich S-Bahn services S24 and S30.
# Multiplicative character

In mathematics, a multiplicative character (or linear character, or simply character) on a group G is a group homomorphism from G to the multiplicative group of a field (Artin 1966), usually the field of complex numbers. If G is any group, then the set Ch(G) of these morphisms forms an abelian group under pointwise multiplication.
This group is referred to as the character group of G. Sometimes only unitary characters are considered (characters whose image is in the unit circle); other such homomorphisms are then called quasi-characters. Dirichlet characters can be seen as a special case of this definition.
Multiplicative characters are linearly independent, i.e. if $\chi _{1},\chi _{2},\ldots ,\chi _{n}$ are different characters on a group G then from $a_{1}\chi _{1}+a_{2}\chi _{2}+\cdots +a_{n}\chi _{n}=0$ it follows that $a_{1}=a_{2}=\cdots =a_{n}=0.$

## Examples

* Consider the (ax + b)-group
       $G:=\left\{\left.{\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\0&1\end{pmatrix}}\ \right|\ a>0,\ b\in \mathbf {R} \right\}.$
    Functions f$_u$ : G → C such that $f_{u}\left({\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\0&1\end{pmatrix}}\right)=a^{u},$ where u ranges over complex numbers C are multiplicative characters.
* Consider the multiplicative group of positive real numbers (R$^+$,·). Then functions f$_u$ : (R$^+$,·) → C such that f$_u$(a) = a$^u$, where a is an element of (R$^+$, ·) and u ranges over complex numbers C, are multiplicative characters.
# MyNoise

MyNoise (stylised as myNoise) is a white noise website and app created by Stéphane Pigeon. It offers many different natural soundscapes, as well as synthetic noises such as white noise.

## History

MyNoise was created in 2013 by Stéphane Pigeon, a Belgian audio processing engineer, sound designer, and electrical engineer. By April 2016, the website was one of the top 10,000 visited websites in the United States. In 2018, it received a million page views per month. Pigeon personally records soundscapes for the website, such as rainfall, wind, and thunder. Soundscapes can be blended together by users to create a personalised experience. There are also various synthetic noise generators, such as white noise. The app also allows users to conduct a hearing test to optimise the sound generators for their environment. The sound generators are separated into frequencies or specific sounds, allowing users to refine the soundscapes to their tastes.
Development on an Android version of MyNoise began in April 2015, with an early beta becoming available in October of that year and the completed app releasing in January 2017. The app was redesigned during 2023 due to changes to Android; it re-released in December 2023. An iOS app was released in 2014. The mobile versions of MyNoise have some free soundscapes, but offer a bundle of more for $10. The web version is mostly free, but some features can be unlocked with a one-time donation. All donations go towards running the website and app.
In 2020, MyNoise surged in popularity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with soundscapes such as "Calm Office" being used by people working from home, to replicate the typical sounds of their workplace.
# Marcq-en-Ostrevent

Marcq-en-Ostrevent is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Marcq-en-Ostrevent | The arms of Marcq-en-Ostrevent are blazoned : Argent, 3 eagles sable. |
# Nursery Days

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Nursery Days, originally released as Songs to Grow on, Volume One: Nursery Days, is an album of a collection of children's songs by American Folk singer Woody Guthrie. It was released in 1951 by Folkways Records and later re-released in 1992 with four extra songs under the name Nursery Days by Smithsonian Folkways. Several songs in the collection are instructional, helping children learn to count. Others are songs of adoration written by Guthrie with his own children in mind.
# Henry Perry

Henry Perry may refer to:
* Henry Perry (restaurateur) (1875–1940), restaurateur considered the "father of Kansas City barbecue"
* Henry Perry (writer) (1560s–1617), Welsh Anglican priest and linguistic scholar
* Henry Perry (British boxer), British boxer
* Henry Perry (Irish boxer) (1934–2021), member of the 1956 and 1960 Irish Olympic boxing teams
* Henry George Thomas Perry (1889–1959), English-born political figure in British Columbia
# Wikstroemia liangii

Wikstroemia liangii is a shrub, of the family Thymelaeaceae. It is native to China, specifically Hainan.

## Description

The shrub grows up to 2.0 m tall. Its branches are reddish-brown and glabrous and it flowers between June and September. It is often found in forest and stream banks.
# Cato (1800 ship)

Cato was launched at Stockton in 1800 and registered in London to Reeve & Green. She was wrecked on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, in 1803 at (22°11′48″S 155°21′30″E﻿ / ﻿22.1966666°S 155.3583333°E﻿ / -22.1966666; 155.3583333).

## History

Cato first appears in Lloyd's Register in 1802 with C. Pearson, master, changing to I. Park, and trade London—Suriname. The Register of Shipping has a little more information; it also reports Cato's armament, and shows her trade changing to London—Botany Bay.
Cato, Park, master, arrived in Port Jackson, New South Wales, from England on 9 March 1803, carrying stores.
On 10 August 1803, Cato left Sydney in the company of HMS Porpoise and Bridgewater, all bound for Canton. On 17 August the three ships got caught near a sandbank, 157 miles north and 51 miles east of Sandy Cape. With shrinking leeway, both Cato and Porpoise grounded.
Bridgewater sailed on, despite knowing that the other two vessels had come to grief. The crew and passengers of the wrecked vessels were able to land on a sandbank as both their ships broke up.
On 26 August 1803 with no sign of rescue, Porpoise passenger Matthew Flinders and Captain John Park of Cato took the largest cutter (which they named Hope), and twelve crewmen and headed to Sydney to seek rescue. Through marvelous navigation, Hope made it to Port Jackson by 8 September. Although three lives had been lost in the joint shipwreck, Rolla, and the schooners HMS Cumberland and Francis, were able to rescue all the remaining passengers. Rolla then took the people she had rescued to Canton.

## Naming

This sandbank become known as Wreck Reefs and is located in the southern part of the Coral Sea Islands approximately 450 km (280 mi) East Nor East of Gladstone, Queensland or 250 km (155 mi) east of the Swain reefs complex. They form a narrow chain of reefs with small cays that extends for around 25 km (16 mi) in a west to east line. Cato also gave its name to the nearby Cato Reef, which it discovered.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Hackman (2001), p. 227.
* ↑ The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser Sun 18 Sep 1803 Page 2
* 1 2 3 Register of Shipping (1802), Seq. №179.
* ↑ Lloyd's Register (1802), Seq.№C194.
* 1 2 "Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure". Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.17. 3 January 1891. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
* ↑ Bateson (1972), p. 35.
* ↑ Hackman (2001), p. 242.
# Bowers, Indiana

Bowers is an unincorporated community in Sugar Creek Township, Montgomery County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Bowers was platted by Christina and L. M. Dunbar in 1901. L. M. Dunbar was Lewis Morton Dunbar. Bowers was originally named "Bowers Station" and was a railroad stop.

## Education

Previously Bowers had its own elementary school, while high school students went to school in Darlington. In 1959, the Bowers elementary school merged into the Darlington Elementary School.
# Mickey Goulet

Mickey Goulet (born September 13, 1947) was the head coach for the Italian Olympic team (2005–2008).
Goulet is the former head coach of the University of Ottawa Gee-Gee's. The 2002-03 season was the final season for Mickey Goulet at the University of Ottawa, after spending fourteen years behind the Gee-Gees’ bench.
Currently, Goulet is the head coach of the Italian Under 20 and Under 18 National team. He is also the Minor Midget Ottawa Senators AAA team.
# SS Saint-Laurent

SS Saint-Laurent was an ocean liner operated by Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT) in transatlantic service.
She was built by the Chantier Scott shipyard in Saint-Nazaire, France, and was the first transatlantic ocean liner constructed in France, as well as CGT's first screw-driven liner. Her design was based on the Cunard Line's RMS Persia, albeit adapted to screw propulsion. She was launched in 1866, and entered service on CGT's route between Le Havre and New York City, before sailing to Central America later in her career. She operated until 1902, when she was scrapped in Italy.
Saint-Laurent measured 3,413 gross register tons, with a length of 355 feet (108 m) and a beam of 43.75 feet (13.34 m). She had a passenger capacity of 211—128 in first class, 54 in second class, and 29 in third class. She was originally built with a single compound steam engine driving one screw and a three-masted sailing rig, capable of propelling her to a 12 knots (14 mph) service speed; in 1875 and 1876 she received new triple expansion engines. Her screw propulsion was a major improvement over CGT's existing paddlewheel steamships, and spurred the company to convert most of its fleet in North Atlantic service to screws.
# San Marone

San Marone may refer to:
* San Marone, a 4th-century Syrian Syriac Christian hermit monk
* San Marone, Civitanova Marche, a Roman Catholic church located in the Italian comune of Civitanova Marche
* San Marone, Rome, a church in Rome
* San Marone Martire, Monteleone di Fermo, a Roman Catholic parish church in Monteleone di Fermo
# Mary O'Brien Harris

Mary O'Brien Harris (1865 – 19 April 1938) was a British politician.
Born Mary O'Brien, she was educated at Somerville College, Oxford. She joined the Fabian Society in 1894, and served on its executive committee from 1898 until 1901. She remained involved with the organisation, and was a prominent figure in the Fabian Women's Group for many years. She was also a founder member of the Socialist Quaker Society.
O'Brien married J. Theodore Harris, and added his surname to her name. She served as headteacher of Clapton Girls' Academy for many years.
In 1934, O'Brien Harris was elected to the London County Council as a Labour Party member, representing Hackney Central, and she held the seat until her death, in 1938.
# Wilhelm Exner

Wilhelm Franz Exner (born 9 April 1840 in Gänserndorf, Lower Austria; died 25 May 1931 in Vienna) was former president of the Austrian Business Association and initiator of the Wilhelm Exner Medal.

## Life and education

Exner was the youngest graduate of the Polytechnic Institute of the Department of Performing Geometry, Building and Machine Science at the age of 22. In 1862, Exner attended the World Exposition in London, where he began to start a network of politics and business. In 1875, Wilhelm Exner was appointed Professor of Engineering and between 1881 until 1900 Rector of today’s University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna.

## Career

Exner established the modern type of vocational schools in Austria, is one of the creator of the Chamber of Labor and was co-founder of the Vienna Technical Museum. The law for examination and material testing goes also back to him.
Due to his affiliation to the Austrian Business Association, the Wilhelm Exner Medal was established in 1921 and was awarded to outstanding scientists and researchers.

## Awards

* 1921: Wilhelm Exner Medal

## Others

The Wilhelm Exner Hall is named after him and was originally a factory bought by the Department of Trade in 1899. Since 1960, the building is used by the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna. The Wilhelm Exner Gasse is a road in Alsergrund and has been named in honour of Exner's 90th birthday in 1930. Since 2015, the Wilhelm Exner Medal Foundation has been honoring the laureates with the Exner Lectures. The laureates include 20 Nobel Prize winners and engineers like Ferdinand Porsche and Wernher von Braun.

## Publications

* Exner, Wilhelm Johann Beckmann : Segrunder Der Technologischen Wissenschaft (1878) Bookdepository.com, published: 10 Sep. 2010; Publisher: Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 9781166149741
* Exner, Wilhelm; Studien über Die Verwaltung Des Eisenbahnwesens Mitteleuropaischer Staaten Waterstones.com, published: 22. May 2015; Publisher: Salzwasser-Verlag Gmbh, ISBN 9783846081419
* Exner, Wilhelm; Das K.K. Polytechnische Institut in Wien, Seine Gründung Bookdepository.com, published: 22. Feb 2017; Publisher: Hansebooks, ISBN 9783744616287
* Exner, Wilhelm; Die Hausindustrie Oesterreichs: Ein Commentar zur Hausindustriellen Abtheilung auf der Allgemeinen Land-und Forstwirthschaftl. Ausstellung Amazon.co.uk, published: 18 Mar. 2018; Publisher: Forgotten Books, ISBN 978-0364420690
* Exner, Wilhelm; Der Antheil Oesterreichs an Den Technischen Fortschritten Der Letzten Hundert Jahre : Zwei Donnerstag-Vorlesungen Gehalten Im Winter-Semester 1873-74 Bookdepository.com, published: 1 Aug. 2018; Publisher Wentworth Press, ISBN 9780274343188
# Sargassum pallidum

Sargassum pallidum is a species of seaweed native to East Asia and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the subgenus Bactrophycus, section Teretia of the genus Sargassum. Along with Sargassum fusiforme, S. pallidum is often dried and processed into a traditional Chinese medicine known as Hai Zao or Herba Sargassi.