# Marcel Albert

Marcel Albert (25 November 1917 – 23 August 2010) was a French World War II flying ace who flew for the air forces of the Vichy government and Free French Air Forces, he also flew for the Soviet Air Force and the Royal Air Force.

## Background

Born on November 25th, 1917 in Paris, Marcel Albert grew up in a working-class family. He became a mechanic, building gearboxes for Renault, and was accepted for pilot training in the French Armée de l'Air in May 1938. After primary and advanced training, he was posted at the fighter training center in Chartres, where he flew Bloch 152, Morane-Saulnier MS.406 and Hawk 75 fighters.

## World War II

In February 1940 Albert was assigned to Groupe de Chasse I/3, a unit operating France's top fighter, the Dewoitine D.520. When German troops invaded France in May 1940, his squadron was redeployed to the Reims airfield. On 14 May 1940, Albert shot down a Do 17 bomber and later that day, a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, although this victory was not confirmed. He also earned a probable victory over a Heinkel He 111 bomber before the armistice.
Under the Vichy government, his squadron was redeployed to Algeria where Albert flew a few missions against the British forces in Gibraltar. On 14 October he and two other pilots defected and surrendered their airplanes to the British.
Having reached England, Albert joined the RAF and flew 47 missions in Spitfires with 340 Squadron.
In late 1942, Albert joined the Normandie fighter group, a Free French fighter unit that was being sent to the Soviet Union to help fight the Germans. The Normandie group entered the fight in April 1943, flying Russian-built Yak-1 fighters, and later Yak-9s and Yak-3s.
Albert quickly proved to be one of Normandie's best pilots. His first kill was over a Focke-Wulf Fw 189 on 16 June 1943. In July he claimed 3 more, and he was given command of the 1st escadrille on 4 September 1943. During the offensive against Eastern Prussia in October 1944, he scored 7 victories.
His score totaled 23 victories (including 15 shared) in 262 combat missions, making him the second highest-scoring French ace of World War II. On 27 November 1944 he was awarded the Soviet Union's highest decoration, the Gold Star and title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" — an award rarely issued to foreigners.

## Postwar

After the war Albert flew as a test pilot in 1946 and was later sent to Czechoslovakia as air attaché, where he met his future wife, an employee at the American embassy. In 1948, he left the military and moved to the United States with his wife, and lived in Chipley, Florida, then his last two years in Harlingen, Texas, in the Rio Grande Valley. Albert died there on 23 August 2010.

## Awards

* Grand'Croix de la Légion d'Honneur (Journal Officiel de la République française dated 14 April 2010)
* Compagnon de la Libération
* Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 with 15 palms and 3 silver gilt stars
* Médaille de la Résistance with rosette
* Hero of the Soviet Union (27 November 1944)
* Order of Lenin (27 November 1944)
* Order of the Red Banner
* Czechoslovak War Cross
* Order of the Patriotic War 1st class (11 March 1985)

## List of credited aerial victories

Aerial Victories :
| Plane shot down | date | Unit | Plane flown | Location |
| Do 17 | 14 May 1940 | GC 1/3 | D.520 | North of Suippes (France) |
| Fw 189 | 16 June 1943 | Normandie | Yak-1 | Brusna-Mekovaïa (USSR) |
| Bf 110 | 14 July 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Jagodnaja (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 17 July 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Jagodnaja-Krasnikovo (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 17 July 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Beloto-Orel (USSR) |
| Ju 88 | 19 July 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Krasnikovo (USSR) |
| Ju 87 | 31 August 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Yelnya (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 1 September 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Yelnya (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 17 September 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | 10 km W of Yelnya (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 22 September 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | 30 km SE of Smolensk (USSR) |
| Hs 126 | 4 October 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Krasny, Krasninsky District, Smolensk Oblast (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 12 October 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | Horki (USSR) |
| Ju 88 | 15 October 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | 10 km N of Horki (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 15 October 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | 7 km N of Horki (USSR) |
| Fw 190 | 15 October 1943 | Normandie | Yak-9 | 7 km N of Horki (USSR) |
| Ju 87 | 16 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | Pillupönen (East Prussia) |
| Ju 87 | 16 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | Pillupönen (East Prussia) |
| Fw 190 | 16 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | SE of Stallupönen (East Prussia) |
| Hs 129 | 18 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | S of Stallupönen (East Prussia) |
| Hs 129 | 18 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | S of Stallupönen (East Prussia) |
| Fw 190 | 18 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | Stallupönen (East Prussia) |
| Bf 109 | 23 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | 8 km S of Stallupönen (East Prussia) |
| Bf 109 | 26 October 1944 | Normandie | Yak-3 | SE of Stallupönen (East Prussia) |