OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet

Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet is an oil painting by Francisco Goya, from 1798-1799. It depicts Ferdinand Guillemardet (1765-1809), the French ambassador to Spain between 1798 and 1800. It is held in the Louvre, in Paris.

## Description

Guillemardet was a deputy of the Convention and was known for issuing an edict to transform Church buildings into civil meeting centres. In the painting, he is depicted sitting with his body in profile and his face facing the spectator, with an intelligent gaze, and his legs crossed in a relaxed attitude.
The portrait presents an energetic man and a representative of the powerful neighbouring nation. Although the pose seems natural, it is actually very well studied, since Goya wanted to distance itself from the somewhat more rigid postures of his other subjects. It was one of his favourite paintings, according to the painter himself.
The colours of the French Republic (blue, red and white) stand out in their vivid colours on the sash that Guillemardet has tied around his waist as well as on the cockade and feathers of his bicorn hat placed on the table behind him, in contrast with the soft gold of the table and chair. The subject personifies the power of the French Republic, sure of itself. Guillemardet is portrayed as being totally confident in the power of the young Republic that he represents. Goya uses chromaticism with great skill, based on subtle nuances and reflections in the bluish blacks that dominate the painting.
The purpose for this painting is not known. It is possible that Guillemardet was encouraged to be portrayed by the King's Chamber Painter by the ministers Mariano Luis de Urquijo or Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, more friendly with France.

## Provenance

The portrait was exhibited at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in July 1799. Its subject took to France and it was later given to the Louvre (where it now hangs) by Guillemardet's son Félix, a friend of Eugène Delacroix.
# S55 (star)

S55 (also known as S0–102) is a star that is located very close to the centre of the Milky Way, near the radio source Sagittarius A*, orbiting it with an orbital period of 12.8 years. Until 2019, when the star S62 became the new record holder, it was the star with the shortest known period orbiting the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. This beat the record of 16 years previously set by S2. The star was identified by a University of California, Los Angeles team headed by Andrea M. Ghez. At its periapsis, its speed reaches 1.7% of the speed of light. At that point it is 246 astronomical units (34 light hours, 36.7 billion km) from the centre, while the black hole radius is only a small fraction of that size (the Schwarzschild radius is about 0.082 au). It passed that point in 2022 and will be there again in 2034.
Its position in the sky has been monitored from 2000 to 2012 using the W. M. Keck telescope and from 2002 to 2016 with the VLT. One complete orbit has been observed. From Earth's current perspective, it travels in a clockwise direction. Having observed two stars orbiting through complete periods around the centre (S55 and S2), the gravitational potential of SgrA* could be established. It is also possible that there is a great deal of dark matter around the orbits of these stars. Also general relativistic effects due to gravitational redshift should become observable.
# George Henry Bernasconi

George Henry Bernasconi (c. 1842–1916) was a Birmingham artist, the son of George Vincent Bernasconi, and of the same family as Francis Bernasconi.
Bernasconi exhibited at the Royal Academy twice, in 1861 and 1863. In the 1860s he moved to the Birmingham area and he is listed in the 1871 census as an artist in watercolours. There he contributed cartoons to the long-running Birmingham journal, the Town Crier, edited by his friend Wilmot Corfield. Later, he had a business in modelling and design. In 1885 he inherited almost £7,000 from his father.
His 1884 painting Merchant Shipping Bill Banner is in the People's History Museum, Manchester.

## Personal life

In 1911, Bernasconi was living at 31 Breck Road in Poulton-le-Fylde, Lancashire.
# Madhukar Katre

Madhukar Katre (born 5 February 1927, Pune, d. 16 January 2009, Ahmednagar) was an Indian politician and trade unionist. Katre joined the freedom struggle during his school days in Kolhapur. He later became a communist and an activist of the Praja Parishad ('People's Assembly', an organization that struggled for the abolition of the Kolhapur Princely State). As a result, from his activist, he was imprisoned for seventeen months.
Katre was a leading figure in the trade union movement. He was General Secretary of the Maharashtra Rajya Sahakari Kamgar Mahasangh, a union of sugar plantation workers. He also led sugar-producing cooperatives in the state. Katre had also been active in movements such as Samyukta Maharashtra (the struggle for a Marathi-speaking state), Goa liberation and the struggle for implementation of the Maharashtra land tenancy legislation.
Politically, Katre had been a leading member of the Lal Nishan Party. After the 1989 split in the party, he became the President of the Lal Nishan Party (Leninvadi).
# Porsanger IL

Porsanger Idrettslag is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Lakselv, Finnmark. It has sections for association football, team handball, track and field, Nordic skiing, floorball and table tennis.
The club was founded in 2005 as a merger of the multi-sports club Lakselv IL and the football club Porsanger FK. The latter had been founded in 1995, whereas the former was founded in 1922; the club now counts this as the founding year.
The men's football team currently plays in the 3. divisjon, the fourth tier of Norwegian football, where it has played since its 2005 foundation. In 2006 the team contested a Playoff to the 2. Divisjon, but lost to Tromsø IL 2 on aggregate.
Lakselv IL had been a 3. Divisjon fixture from 1992 to the 1999 season, when the team was relegated. Porsanger FK was more successful, with a stint in the 2. divisjon from 1996 to 1997 and thereafter a steady run in the 3. Divisjon. Porsanger FK also contested a Playoff to the 2. Divisjon in 2001, but lost to Salangen IF on aggregate. The best known player was Lars Iver Strand.
# Porsa (river)

Porsa is a river in Hammerfest Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The river drains and area of 85 square kilometres (33 sq mi) and flows into the Vargsundet strait. Two hydroelectric power stations, Nedre and Øvre Porsa, are located in the river, with a total installed capacity of 15.3 megawatts (20,500 hp).
# Porsanger

Porsanger may refer to:

## Places

* Porsanger Municipality, a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway
* Porsanger Peninsula, peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway
* Porsanger Fjord, fjord in Finnmark county, Norway

## People

* Anders Porsanger (1735–1780), first Sami who received a higher education
* Jelena Porsanger (born 1967), Russian Sami ethnographer and university rector

## Military

* Garrison of Porsanger, based at Porsangmoen in Porsanger, Norway; the world's northernmost military garrison
* Porsanger Battalion, an armoured reconnaissance unit of the Norwegian Army

## Other

* Porsanger IL, Norwegian multi-sports club from Lakselv, Finnmark
# Port of Lobito

The Port of Lobito is an Angolan port located in the city of Lobito, in the province of Benguela. It is connected to the commercial area of the city and the neighborhood of Canata. It is located in Lobito Bay, which is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Lobito Peninsula.
The port belongs to the Angolan government, which is responsible for its administration through the public company Porto do Lobito E.P.. This company was established to administer the license for terminals for loading and unloading, in addition to the passenger terminal.
Together with the ports of Luanda (Luanda), Moçamedes (Namibe), Soyo (Zaire) and Cabinda (Cabinda), it forms the largest port complexes in the country. It is the largest port in the center of the country.
The port is the outlet point of the Benguela railway, which carries cargo from the city of Tenke in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2024, it also became an mineral terminal port for the Lobito Atlantic Railway (LAR). The EN-100 highway is an important outflow connection to port traffic.
# List of largest Japan-based law firms by head count

This is a list of the largest law firms in Japan focusing on corporate legal services by number of lawyers, as of June 2023.
| Rank | Firm | Head office | Lawyers |
| 1 | Nishimura & Asahi | Tokyo | 655 |
| 2 | Anderson Mōri & Tomotsune | Tokyo | 580 |
| 3 | Mori Hamada & Matsumoto | Tokyo | 567 |
| 4 | TMI Associates | Tokyo | 563 |
| 5 | Nagashima Ohno & Tsunematsu | Tokyo | 534 |
| 6 | Atsumi & Sakai | Tokyo | 195 |
| 7 | City-Yuwa Partners | Tokyo | 177 |
| 8 | Oh-Ebashi LPC & Partners | Osaka | 167 |
| 9 | Baker McKenzie | Tokyo | 144 |
| 10 | Kitahama Partners | Osaka | 99 |
# Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 is a federal statute intended to address "the finances and operations of the U.S. Postal Service (USPS)", specifically to lift budget requirements imposed on the Service by the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act and require it to continue six-day-a-week delivery of mail.
The act was first introduced on May 11, 2021, by Representative Carolyn Maloney (D-NY). The House of Representatives then passed the bill by 342–92 on February 8, 2022. On March 8, 2022, the Senate voted 79–19 to pass the bill. President Biden signed the bill into law on April 6, 2022.

## Background

Similar bills to the Postal Service Reform Act have been proposed in recent years, but none passed. The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (PAEA), passed in 2006, required the USPS to pre-fund benefits for future retirees, and this cost the agency about $5.5 billion annually. The PAEA required the USPS to pre-fund these pensions more than fifty years in advance. This requirement caused the USPS to accumulate billions in debt annually in recent years. The USPS Fairness Act would have allowed the USPS to still continue to pay benefits from the accumulated funding (about $56.8 billion in 2020) until depleted, but the intended purpose of the USPS Fairness Act was to remove the pre-funding requirements placed on the agency by the PAEA. That bill passed in the House (309—106) in 2019 but died in the Senate.

## Provisions

The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022:
* Enacts the USPS Fairness Act, eliminating the requirement to pre-fund retiree benefits
* Requires retiring postal employees to enroll in Medicare parts A and B to receive USPS health care benefits
* Requires continued transportation of letters and packages in an integrated network, so growth in package delivery volume benefits first class mail delivery
* Requires delivery of mail six days a week (except federal holidays, emergencies, and areas not scheduled for regular six-day delivery as of April 6, 2022)
* Creates an exception to the PAEA's prohibition of USPS non-postal services by authorizing the USPS to rent property and provide non-postal services for state and local governments (such as processing license and permit transactions) to raise revenue.
* Requires the USPS to set performance targets and publish performance metrics on its website
* Requires the USPS to review cost allocation accounting for its monopoly services
* Reduces mailing fees for rural newspapers
* Requires a study on efficiency of mailing flats
* Requires detailed operational reports to the Postal Regulatory Commission, President, Congress every six months
* Adjusts language concerning standards for choosing mail transportation methods, a provision requested by Republicans in support of Postmaster General Louis DeJoy's decision to end domestic air mail service
* Abolishes the Inspector General of the Postal Regulatory Commission, with its "duties and responsibilities" being assumed by the United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General
# Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals

The Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals (PSBCA) is a neutral, independent tribunal with the authority to hear and decide any appeal from a decision of a contracting officer of the United States Postal Service (USPS) or the Postal Regulatory Commission related to a contract with either agency. The PSBCA is within the USPS Judicial Officer Department, with the Judicial Officer also serving as the PSBCA Chairman. The PSBCA’s jurisdiction over contract disputes parallels that of the United States Court of Federal Claims with the contractor generally having the option of filing an appeal with either the PSBCA or the court.
The PSBCA, including its predecessor, the Post Office Department Board of Contract Appeals (PODBCA), has been in existence since at least 1959. However, amendments to the Contract Disputes Act of 1978, effective in January 2007, expressly established a Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals and specified its jurisdiction.
Decisions of the PSBCA since 1986 may generally be found at the USPS website. Those decisions and earlier decisions of the PSBCA and PODBCA may be found at commercial legal research services, such as Westlaw and LexisNexis.
# Portes, Achaea

Portes (Greek: Πόρτες meaning doors) is a village in the municipal unit of Olenia, Achaea, Greece. It is located on the southern end of Mount Skollis, 5 km south of Santomeri, 23 km south of Kato Achaia and 37 km southwest of Patras.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1981 | 476 |
| 1991 | 393 |
| 2001 | 397 |
| 2011 | 256 |
| 2021 | 169 |
# M-class minesweeper (Netherlands)

The M class were the first minesweepers of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The need for minesweepers for the Dutch marine came during the First World War when sea mines were laid in great numbers.

## Design and construction

The Navy converted four tugboats into minesweepers. These ships had been built by three different shipyards; Van der Kuyk & van der Ree in Rotterdam, Fa. Koopman in Dordrecht, and J & A van der Schuyt in Papendrecht.

## Service history

All M class minesweepers were still in service during the Second World War, but none of them was able to escape to the United Kingdom; three of the four ships fell in German hands (M 3 was scuttled). After the war M 1 and M 4 were returned to the Netherlands, and re-entered service as tugboats.

## Ships in class

M-class construction data :
| Ship | Builder | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Fate |
| M 1 | Van der Kuyk & van der Ree | 31 October 1918 | 1949 | Sunk at Norderney during a storm |
| M 2 | Koopman | 31 October 1918 | 1940 | Sunk at IJmuiden during a storm |
| M 3 | J & A van der Schuyt | 1 October 1918 | 1940 | Scuttled at IJmuiden as blockship |
| M 4 | J & A van der Schuyt | 1 October 1918 | 1992 | In 1994 turned into a restaurant in Zwolle |
# M-command

In generative grammar and related frameworks, m-command is a syntactic relation between two nodes in a syntactic tree. A node $X$ m-commands a node $Y$ if the maximal projection of $X$ dominates $Y$, but neither $X$ nor $Y$ dominates the other.
In government and binding theory, m-command was used to define the central syntactic relation of government. However, it has been largely replaced by c-command in current research. M-command is a broader relation than c-command, since a node m-commands every node that it c-commands, as well as the specifier of the phrase that it heads. Like c-command, m-command is defined over constituency-based trees and plays no role in frameworks which adopt a different notion of syntactic structure.
# Portrait of Vitellozzo Vitelli

Portrait of Vitellozzo Vitelli is an oil on panel painting by Luca Signorelli, created c. 1492–1496, now in the Berenson Collection at Villa I Tatti in Settignano (Firenze). It forms a kind of diptych with the same artist's Portrait of Niccolò Vitelli (Barber Institute of Fine Arts), Vitellozzo Vitelli's father - both were produced during the painter's stay in Florence from 1492 to 1496.
# MV Caribou

MV Caribou was a Marine Atlantic passenger/vehicle ferry which operated between the islands of Newfoundland and Cape Breton in eastern Canada.
Caribou was named in memory of her predecessor the SS Caribou which was sunk off Port aux Basques by a German U-boat on October 14, 1942 with the loss of 137 passengers and crew.
Entering service in 1986, she was built by Versatile Davie in Lauzon, Quebec, and is specifically designed to traverse the 178 km (96 nmi) route across the Cabot Strait between North Sydney, Nova Scotia and Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Labrador.
A roll-on, roll-off design with a bow visor, Caribou had 2 vehicle decks and 5 decks above, the main passenger deck being Deck 5. She measured 179 metres in overall length and 25 metres in breadth, weighing 27,212 tons. Her capacity included 1,200 passengers and 370 automobiles or 77 tractor trailers. She had up to 106 crewmembers.
Caribou's design had been commissioned by CN Marine in the early 1980s and was the culmination of years of research into effective icebreaking ship designs. The resulting hull design which Caribou and Joseph and Clara Smallwood were built to is called "Gulfspan", named in part after the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The "Gulfspan" hull is unique among Canadian icebreakers in that the ship slices through sea ice, rather than using its weight to ride up onto and crush the ice underneath. This design permits the sister ships to maintain close to regular operating speed.
At the time that Caribou entered service in 1986, CN Marine underwent a restructuring whereby the company was separated from its parent CN Rail and renamed Marine Atlantic. At the same time, CN was beginning the process of abandoning all railway service on the island of Newfoundland, which had been operating as Terra Transport. Several ferry vessels were retired and/or sold at the time that Caribou entered service and these corporate restructuring changes were taking place.
Caribou regularly made the Cabot Strait crossing from North Sydney to Channel-Port aux Basques in approximately 5 hours, 30 minutes, however she had been known to break the 5 hour mark in optimum conditions but frequently comes closer to 6 hours as dictated by established schedules.
The ship was retired by Marine Atlantic on November 26, 2010 after completing her last run from Port aux Basques to North Sydney. She was laid up in Sydney Harbour until August 31, 2011.

## Sale

On August 11, 2011 it was announced that Caribou had been sold to Comrie Ltd. of St. Vincent and the Grenadines. She was renamed MV Caribo by her new owners and was scrapped at Alang, India alongside her younger sister-ship Joseph and Clara Smallwood.
# Potrero del Llano, Chihuahua

Potereo de Llano is a rural community located in Ojinaga Municipality, Chihuahua, Mexico. It had a population of 120 inhabitants at the 2010 census, and is situated at an elevation of 1,040 meters above sea level.
# Portuguese Revolution

The Portuguese Revolution may refer to
* The Portuguese Restoration War
* The Liberal Revolution of 1820
* The April Revolt of 1824
* The Revolution of Maria da Fonte of 1846
* The 5 October 1910 revolution
* The 28 May 1926 coup d'état
* The Carnation Revolution of 1974
# Maciej Płaza

Maciej Płaza (born 16 December 1976, in Opinogóra) is a Polish writer, literary scholar and translator of English literature.

## Life and career

He has a PhD in literary studies from Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. He is a laureate of the Literature in the World Award for his translation of H.P. Lovecraft's collection of short stories The Dunwich Horror and Other Frightful Tales and was nominated for The Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński Translation Work Award for his translation of Arthur Machen's novel The Hill of Dreams.
In 2016, he became the recipient of the Gdynia Literary Prize as well as the Kościelski Award and was also nominated for Poland's top literary prize Nike Award for his collection of stories entitled Skoruń. In 2018, he won the Angelus Award for his novel Robinson in Bolechów becoming the first Polish writer to do so.

## Works
### Scholarly works

* O poznaniu w twórczości Stanisława Lema, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław, 2006

### Novels

* Skoruń, Wydawnictwo W.A.B., Warsaw, 2015
* Robinson w Bolechowie, Wydawnictwo W.A.B., Warsaw, 2017
* Golem, Wydawnictwo W.A.B., Warszaw 2021

### Translations

* Christos Tsiolkas, Martwa Europa, Replika, Poznań, 2010
* Fredric Jameson, Archeologie przyszłości: pragnienie zwane utopią i inne fantazje naukowe, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 2011 (co-author)
* Fredric Jameson, Postmodernizm czyli Logika kulturowa późnego kapitalizmu, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 2011
* Brian McHale, Powieść postmodernistyczna, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 2011
* H.P. Lovecraft, Zgroza w Dunwich i inne przerażające opowieści, Vesper, Poznań, 2012
* H.P. Lovecraft, Przyszła na Sarnath zagłada: opowieści niesamowite i fantastyczne, Vesper, Czerwonak, 2016
* Mary Shelley, Frankenstein czyli Współczesny Prometeusz, Vesper, Czerwonak, 2013
* Jenny Diski, Lata sześćdziesiąte, Officyna, Łódź, 2013
* Kenneth Grahame, O czym szumią wierzby, Vesper, Poznań, 2014
* Mark Helprin, Zimowa opowieść, Wydawnictwo Otwarte, Kraków, 2014, (co-author)
* Mark Helprin, Pamiętnik z mrówkoszczelnej kasety, Wydawnictwo Otwarte, Kraków, 2014
* Marjorie Perloff, Ostrze ironii: modernizm w cieniu monarchii habsburskiej, Ossolineum, Wrocław, 2018
* DeSales Harrison, Zostaw ten świat pełen płaczu, Marginesy, Warszawa, 2019
* Arthur Machen, Wzgórze przyśnień, PIW, Warszawa, 2020
# Rangi Hauiti Pōkiha

Rangi Hauiti Pōkiha (1895–1980) was a New Zealand farmer, surveyor, and orator. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngā Rauru and Ngāti Pamoana iwi. He was born in Koriniti beside the Whanganui River in 1895.
# Pitblado

Pitblado is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Pitblado (1912–1997), Principal Private Secretary to the office of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
* Edward Pitblado (1896–1977), British-Canadian ice hockey player
* Euphemia Wilson Pitblado (1849–1928), Scottish-born American activist, social reformer
# Radical 129

Radical 129 or radical brush (聿部) meaning "brush" is one of the 29 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 6 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 19 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
聿 is also the 145th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with 肀 and ⺻ being its associated indexing components.

## Evolution

* Oracle bone script character
* Bronze script character
* Large seal script character
* Small seal script character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 聿 肀 |
| +4 | 肁 肂 肃$^{SC}$ (=肅) |
| +5 | 粛$^{JP}$ (=肅) |
| +7 | 肄 肅 肆 |
| +8 | 肇 肈 (=肇) |

## Literature

* Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
* Lunde, Ken (Jan 5, 2009). "Appendix J: Japanese Character Sets" (PDF). CJKV Information Processing: Chinese, Japanese, Korean & Vietnamese Computing (Second ed.). Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-51447-1.
# Megachile nivescens

Megachile nivescens is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by W. F. Kirby in 1900.