OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicholas Lawson

Nicholas Oliver Lawson (born Nicolai Olaus Lossius; 23 November 1790 – 1 March 1851) was a Norwegian-born, vice governor of Galápagos for the Republic of Ecuador. While there, he provided information which contributed to Charles Darwin's first realisation that species might be changeable, and eventually to Darwin's theorising about evolution.

## Life and interaction with Darwin

Nicolai Olaus Lossius was born on the island of Sekken in Romsdal, Norway. He was baptized in Veøy Church outside Molde in Romsdal during late 1790. At 16, he went to sea where he sailed from England. As Nicholas Oliver Lawson, he took citizenship in the United States in 1811. He participated as a naval officer in the War of 1812 and later settled in Canada. By 1818, he had joined the Chilean Navy and fought in the Chilean War of Independence (1810–1821). In 1824, he married Rosario Asenjo (b. 1807) daughter of an officer in the Spanish Army. He operated as a ship builder, owner and trader. He was deputy governor of the Galápagos Islands from approximately 1832 to 1837 and acting governor when Charles Darwin visited the islands in September 1835. By 1839, Lawson returned to his wife and children in Valparaíso, Chile where he died in 1851.
Darwin named Lawson several times in his notes and diaries. When the Beagle survey expedition arrived at Charles Island (Floreana Island) in September 1835, Darwin noted in his diary: "An Englishman Mr Lawson is now acting as Governor. — By chance he came down to visit a Whaling Vessel & in the morning accompanied us to the Settlement." Lawson described having seen a reduction in the numbers and size of Galápagos tortoises taken for meat by the whalers. In his zoological notes, Darwin recorded that "It is said that slight variations in the form of the shell are constant according to the Island which they inhabit — also the average largest size appears equally to vary according to the locality.— Mr Lawson states he can on seeing a Tortoise pronounce with certainty from which island it has been brought." This was one of the points which Darwin listed later in the voyage, between mid-June and August 1836, as arousing his first suspicion that "such facts would undermine the stability of Species". After the voyage, Darwin developed this idea during his investigations into transmutation of species, resulting in his theory of evolution.
# Nesopupa thaanumi

Nesopupa thaanumi is a species of very small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails. This species is endemic to Hawaii, in the United States.
# Ribe, Norway

Ribe is a village in Lillesand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located on the east side of the Kvåsefjorden, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of the village of Ulvøysund and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Høvåg. The Skottevik area lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of Ribe.
# Matilda Pilacapio

Matilda Pilacapio is a human rights activist and an environmental rights activist from Papua New Guinea (PNG). A former member of the provincial government of Milne Bay Province, she is particularly known for her campaigns against the oil palm industry. More recently she has been active in the Papua Hahine Social Action Forum, a group campaigning against gender-based violence.

## Activism

Matilda Pilacapio comes from Leileiafa in the Milne Bay Province. She worked for the Milne Bay provincial government and for a time served as a board member of PNG's Copra Marketing Board. She first became involved in activism in 2007 when she learned that a logging company wanted to strip the indigenous ebony species from Woodlark Island in Milne Bay Province, with which she had family connections, to make way for an oil palm plantation. Working with Greenpeace, she and others organized successful opposition to the proposal. In 2007 she ran as an Independent candidate for the Alotau Open constituency in the national elections but failed to be elected. In that year, only one woman, Dame Carol Kidu was elected.
Pilacapio then became active in supporting farmers in the Milne Bay Province in opposing the practices of the Cargill corporation regarding oil palm production, which involved the leasing of customary land by the company and the farmers then undertaking production under contract farming arrangements. She argued that this was causing a dependence on unreliable world market prices and that the monocropping involved with oil palm production meant that people were neglecting food crop production. She further argued that people in the Milne Bay Province had signed away their rights to their traditional land without having a clear idea what they were signing and without access to legal advice. Later, she would also raise the issue of pollution from palm oil mills and the impact of carbon trading on people in PNG. In 2009 Pilacapio went to the United States, with support from the Rainforest Action Network to meet with executives of Cargill in Boston and Minneapolis.
In Milne Bay, Pilacapio has led a number of organizations, including the Milne Bay AIDS Council, Milne Bay Women in Agriculture, and the Alotau Women's Association. In 2013 she was a strong supporter of attempts by Julie Soso, the country's first female provincial governor, to introduce a bill to outlaw polygamy, arguing that among other benefits it could reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in the country. She has also worked with the Papua Hahine Social Action Forum, an organization involved in caring, counselling and providing support for victims of violence, mainly women and children.
# Sapporo Hachimangū

Sapporo Hachimangū (札幌八幡宮, Sapporo Hachimangū) is a Shinto shrine located in Sapporo, Hokkaido. It is a Hachiman shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It was established in 1977. Kami enshrined here include Tenjin (天満大神), Sugawara no Michizane), Akibadai Gongen (秋葉大権現), Ume no Miya Okami (梅の宮大神), and Kotohira no Okami (金刀比羅大神).
# Son Nagar Junction railway station

Son Nagar Junction is a railway station in Aurangabad district. It serves Barun and Daudnagar towns of Bihar. It is located on the east bank of the Son River and was earlier known as Son East Bank.

## History

The Upper Soane Bridge, connecting Son Nagar and Dehri-on-Sone across the Son River, was completed in 1900. The 3,064-metre (10,052 ft) bridge was then the longest bridge in India. Work on the Grand Chord line of East Indian Railway was completed in 1901. It was formally inaugurated in 1907.
A branch line was opened from Son East Bank, as Son Nagar was then known, to Daltonganj in 1902.

## Freight corridor

Son Nagar is expected to be connected with Ludhiana as part of the Eastern Corridor. The primary feeder routes for this will be from Son Nagar to Durgapur via Gomoh, Son Nagar to Tatanagar via Garhwa Road, and Barkakana to Bokaro via Chandrapura.
# NCTV

NCTV may refer to:
* National College Television, a campus television network from the 1980s
* Niños Cantores Televisión, a Venezuelan regional television channel
* Nationaal Coördinator Terrorismebestrijding en Veiligheid, the Dutch official counter-terrorism and national security unit
# Objective Systems Integrators

Objective Systems Integrators (OSI) is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports software products which automate the monitoring, control, delivery, and management of services for multinational corporation service providers including:
* Wireless service providers
* IPTV service providers
* Transmission service providers
OSI was acquired by MYCOM and MYCOM OSI was formed in 2014.

## History
### Sobha Group ownership

OSI, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Sobha Group, develops and markets an OSS suite targeted for Communications Service Providers.
February 2008, Longview Software and OSI sign an Asset Purchase Agreement for OSI to acquire Longview intellectual property, products and technology. Longview software is a maker of off-the-shelf tools and custom applications that add value to many Operational Support System (OSS) and Business Support System (BSS) frameworks in the telecommunications industry.

### Agilent Technologies ownership

Agilent acquired OSI in January 2001 for approximately $665 million. Agilent subsequently built an OSS business around this and other technology, but decided in 2007 to exit this market segment and focus on its test and measurement and life sciences businesses.
2001–2007, OSI is acquired by Agilent Technologies to help integrate Test and Measurement into the OSS market. OSI was under Agilent's OSS Division (Assurance Services Division) as a NETeXPERT Business Unit.

### Pre-Agilent history

During the period of 1995–2001, OSI was traded on NASDAQ as OSII. OSI introduces the MASTER series of products to the market aligned around key technology areas such as fixed line networks, SONET/SDH network, and wireless networks. In 1997 OSI reached its 100th worldwide communications service provider (CSP) customer base.
1998–2001, OSI’s NetExpert Virtual Service Management (VSM), and Virtual Process Management (VPM) frameworks leverage the UMA (Unified Management Architecture). OSI introduces several new applications in key Communications Service Provider functional areas namely Fault management, Performance Management, Configuration Management, and Accounting Management.

## Products

OSI launches NetExpert Neon May 2009 for service assurance solutions focused on services and customers:
** Service Health - Service Quality and Impact management leveraging industry standard portal technology for a holistic view of critical customer services.
** Customer Health - Customer SLA, Experience Analysis, and Insight of corporations, groups within corporations, and individuals.
# Monu Island

Monu Island is an uninhabited island of the Mamanuca Islands, Fiji. It is located 700 metres west of Yanuya. It is 1,370 metres long from north to south, and up to 1,070 metres wide.
# Xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi

Xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi is a bacterium from the genus Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema scarabaei in the United States.
# Nesopupa waianensis

Nesopupa waianensis is a species of very small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails. This species is endemic to Hawaii in the United States.
# Scythris valvaerimella

Scythris valvaerimella is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2014. It is found in South Africa (Northern Cape).
# Nakaoka Shintarō

Nakaoka Shintarō (中岡 慎太郎, May 6, 1838 – December 12, 1867) was a samurai in Bakumatsu period Japan, and a close associate of Sakamoto Ryōma in the movement to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate.

## Biography

Nakaoka was born in Tosa Domain, in what is now the village of Kitagawa, Kōchi Prefecture, as the son of a village headman. In 1861, he enrolled in the academy run by Takechi Hanpeita where he studied swordsmanship. He was one of the founding members of the Tosa Kinno-tō, a paramilitary shishi organization created by Takeichi to support the sonnō jōi movement. After the coup d’etat of September 30, 1863, led to the suppression of the sonnō Jōi faction, he fled to Chōshū Domain together with pro-Sonnō Jōi nobles, including Sanjō Sanetomi. In 1864, he participated in a failed plot to assassinate Shimazu Hisamitsu, and fought alongside Chōshū forces during the Kinmon Incident and the Bombardment of Shimonoseki. Later that year, as a member of the Kaientai formed by Sakamoto Ryōma, he worked to bring about the Satsuma-Chōshū Alliance and obtain the backing and support of Sanjō Sanetomi for the project. In March, 1867, he travelled with Sakamoto Ryōma to their native Tosa Domain to negotiate a similar alliance between Tosa and Satsuma. In June, he began negotiations to further expand the new alliance to include Chōshū as well as Hiroshima Domain, but the issue was rendered moot when shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu formally returned governing power to the Emperor. Realizing that civil war was now increasingly probable, Nakaoka returned to Tosa and established the Rikuentai militia. Rikuentai was modeled after the Kiheitai in Chōshū in July.
On December 10, 1867, Nakaoka traveled to Kyoto for discussions with Sakamoto Ryōma, but was mortally wounded together with Sakamoto when unknown assailants attacked their lodgings (i.e. the "Ōmiya Incident"). Sakamoto died soon afterwards, but the critically injured Nakaoka lingered for two days, although never regaining enough consciousness to identify the attackers, though he did mention hearing Iyo dialect among the killers. His grave is located at the Ryosen Gokoku Jinja in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. He was posthumously awarded with the court rank of 4th grade in 1891 by Emperor Meiji.
There is a large bronze statue of Nakaoka Shintarō at Murotomisaki lighthouse in Cape Muroto in his native Kochi Prefecture, and another (together with Sakamoto Ryōma) at Maruyama Park in Kyoto.
# Antioquia brushfinch

The Antioquia brushfinch (Atlapetes blancae) is a poorly known species of bird from the family Passerellidae. It was scientifically described in 2007 on basis of three museum specimens from Antioquia, Colombia, which were previously labelled as slaty brushfinches (Atlapetus schistaceus). The specific epithet blancae refers to the whitish underparts of the new species, while also commemorating the Colombian lepidopterologist Blanca Huertas [de], the wife of ornithologist Thomas M. Donegan (who described the species). All three museum skins were collected in the 20th century, but only one label has a date, which is given as 1971. Subsequent fieldwork in Antioquia has failed to find this species again. The species description has been approved by the South American Classification Committee. It has been recommended for a critically endangered status.

## Rediscovery

In January 2018, a Colombian resident of San Pedro de los Milagros noticed this bird on his way to Sunday mass. Since then, 4 subpopulations have been rediscovered, with at least 20 individuals between them. The bird had been previously overlooked despite living relatively close to the city of Medellín, which is home to 3.7 million people. Since then, the American Bird Conservancy has adopted a stance of optimism, stating that "Colombian researchers now know what kind of habitat to search and are continuing to find more birds. This brushfinch species is persisting in fairly small patches of low scrub close to people. Opportunities to protect remaining habitat patches as new reserves and to quickly restore working lands using silvipasture techniques [combining trees, forage, and livestock] hold great potential to benefit this species, but action must be taken quickly".
# Y alloy

Y alloy is a nickel-containing aluminium alloy. It was developed by the British National Physical Laboratory during World War I, in an attempt to find an aluminium alloy that would retain its strength at high temperatures.
Duralumin, an aluminium alloy containing 4% copper was already known at this time. Its strength, and its previously unknown age hardening behaviour had made it a popular choice for zeppelins. Aircraft of the period were largely constructed of wood, but there was a need for an aluminium alloy suitable for making engines, particularly pistons, that would have the strength of duralumin but could retain this when in service at high temperatures for long periods.
The National Physical Laboratory began a series of experiments to study new aluminium alloys. Experimental series "Y" was successful, and gave its name to the new alloy. Like duralumin, this was a 4% copper alloy, but with the addition of 2% nickel and 1.5% magnesium. This addition of nickel was an innovation for aluminium alloys. These alloys are one of the three main groups of high-strength aluminium alloys, the nickel–aluminium alloys having the advantage of retaining strength at high temperatures.
The alloy was first used in the cast form, but was soon used for forging as well. One of the most pressing needs was to develop reliable pistons for aircraft engines. The first experts at forging this alloy were Peter Hooker Limited of Walthamstow, who were better known as The British Gnôme and Le Rhône Engine Co. They license-built the Gnome engine and fitted it with pistons of Y alloy, rather than their previous cast iron. These pistons were highly successful, although impressions of the alloy as a panacea suitable for all applications were less successful; a Gnôme cylinder in Y alloy failed on its first revolution. Frank Halford used connecting rods of this alloy for his de Havilland Gipsy engine, but these other uses failed to impress Rod Banks.
Air Ministry Specification D.T.D 58A of April 1927 specified the composition and heat treatment of wrought Y alloy. The alloy became extremely important for pistons, and for engine components in general, but was little used for structural members of airframes.
In the late 1920s, further research on nickel-aluminium alloys gave rise to the successful Hiduminium or "R.R. alloys", developed by Rolls-Royce.

## Alloy composition

Composition :
| Aluminium | 92.5% |
| Copper | 4.0% |
| Nickel | 2.0% |
| Magnesium | 1.5% |

### Heat treatment

As for many of the aluminium alloys, Y alloy age hardens spontaneously at normal temperatures after solution heat treating. The heat treatment is to heat it to 500 to 520 °C (932 to 968 °F) for 6 hours, then to allow it to age naturally for 7–10 days. The precipitation hardening that takes place during this ageing forms precipitates of both CuAl$_2$ and NiAl$_3$.
The times required depend on the grain structure of the alloy. Forged parts have the coarsest eutectic masses and so take the longest times. When cast, chill casting is favoured over sand casting as this gives a finer structure that is more amenable to heat treatment.
# Simon Mangan

Simon Mangan (died 1906) was a landowner and Lord Lieutenant of Meath from 1894 to 1906. A JP, he was also in business with his son-in-law Patrick Leonard in moving cattle between the west and east of Ireland.
Mangan was the son of John Mangan (1788–1868) and Margaret (née) Duffy (d. 1843). He lived at Dunboyne Castle, which remained in his family until 1950, and married Margaret (née) Larkin (1839–1921), a first cousin of Brigadier Paul Kenna VC. Of his daughters, Minnie married the architect Ralph Byrne, Emily married Patrick Leonard and Kathleen married Cmdr Ralph Tindal-Carill-Worsley.
# NESB

NESB may refer to:
* National European Social Movement (Nationaal Europese Sociale Beweging), a Dutch neo-Nazi party, 1953–1955
* New England School of Broadcasting, original name of New England School of Communications
* Non-English speaking background, superseded term used in social discourse relating to multiculturalism in Australia
# Boccole

Boccole or dalle Boccole was a noble family of the Republic of Venice, active in the 14th century.

## History

The activity of the two brothers Marino and Pietro shows the prospering of the family in the second quarter of the 14th century.

## Members

* Marino Boccole (fl. 1348)
* Pietro Boccole (fl. 1348)
* Franceschino Boccole (fl. 13XX)
* Nicolò Boccole (fl. 1383), died without heirs.
* Giovanni Boccole (fl. 1384–95).
* Antonio Boccole (fl. 1403–22), conte ("count", governor) of Cattaro (Kotor) in 1420–22. His 1403 will has survived. He had two sons.
# Bratati Bandyopadhyay

Bratati Bandopadhay or Bratati Banerjee is a Bengali language elocutionist. She is the founder head of Kabyayan, an institution for practising elocution and Bratati Parampara, an organization that works on elocution and other forms of performing arts. She recites works of old and contemporary Bengali poets like Rabindranath Tagore, Nazrul Islam, Sukumar Ray and Shankha Ghosh to name a few.

## Early life

She was born to Manjul Kumar Bandyopadhyay and Maya Bandyopadhya in Kolkata. Her education started at Bethune Collegiate School at Kolkata. During her college days, she moved to Barasat, Hridaypur, of Kolkata along with her parents and her younger brother. She secured first class in Masters examination in economics from the University of Calcutta.

## Works

Bratati gave more than 2000 poetry recitals in India and abroad. She has been invited by several countries all over the world including the US, UK, Australia, Kuwait, Muscat Singapore and Bangladesh. In December 1996, she gave her first three-hour-long solo recital titled Ek Sandhyay Eka Bratati which created a milestone in the cultural history of Bengal. Emotions and ecstasies charged the full-house audience as she put forth every brilliant poem with all its exquisite beauty and appeal. Till date Kolkata witnessed 7 solo recitals given by her, each of three-hour-duration, with full-house. Some of her highly appreciated recitals include Ek Sandhyay Eka Bratati (Part 2 and 3) Pachishey Bratati, Chirasakha and Chiradiner. Bratati set up Kabyayan, an institution for practicing recitation, which now caters almost 800 students. Recently it has completed 25 years of its journey. She is the founder head of Bratati Parampara that promotes recitation and allied forms of performing art in a more professional manner. She is a mentor for elocution in the schools run by the Techno India Group where she along with her students gives lessons to school children. She conducted a special workshop for inmates of Presidency Correctional Home in 2006.
Albums
Bratati has more than 60 albums to her credit till date. Some of her published titles are given below.
Based on Rabindranath Tagore's works:
* Rabindranath O Rabindranath (Asha Audio)
* Chirosakha (Asha Audio)
* Tomar Andhar Tomar Alo (Saregama)
* Chhotoder Rabindranath (Saregama)
* Amar Rabindranath (Saregama)
* Ebang raktakarabi (Saregama)
* Ebang Strir Patra (Saregama)
* Jharer Kheya (Atlantis Music)
* Monere Tai Kaho Je (Sound Wing)
* Satobarsho Pare (Sound Wing)
* Dujone dekha holo (with Srabani Sen) (Picasso Entertainment)
* Gitanjali (with Pratush Bandyopadhyay) (Saregama)
* Mohordi (with Rezwana Chowdhury Banya) (ATMA Cassettes)
Modern poems
* Jiban Gaan (Asha Audio)
* Chiradiner (Saregama)
* Sunil Sagare (Saregama)
* Bhalo Theko (Saregama)
* Romance (Saregama)
* Sudhu Kabitar Janya (Saregama)
* Kathamanabi (Saregama)
* Phire eso Agun (Saregama)
* Ami-i Sei Meye (Saregama)
* Jayjayanti (With Srikanta Acharya and Joy Goswami) (Orion)
For Children
* Phul Pakhi Tarader Sange (Bhavna)
* Dao Phire Se Chhelebela (HMV)
* Hip Hip Hurray (Bhavna)

### Filmography

* Rangeen Godhooli (2009, as an actor)
# Senator Donovan

Senator Donovan may refer to:
* Edward J. Donovan (1864–1908), Massachusetts State Senate
* James G. Donovan (1898–1987), New York State Senate
* James H. Donovan (1923–1990), New York State Senate
* Jeremiah Donovan (1857–1935), Connecticut State Senate
* John A. K. Donovan (1907–1993), Virginia State Senate
* John J. Donovan Jr. (1913–1955), Connecticut State Senate
* Kerry Donovan (fl. 2010s), Colorado State Senate
* Leslie Donovan (born 1936), Kansas State Senate