OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Whitney Classic

The Whitney Classic is an 136-mile-long (219 km) endurance mountain bike race that is held in late September or October every year. The ride runs from the Badwater Basin in Death Valley to Whitney Portal. Badwater, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, is the lowest place in the North America and Whitney Portal at 8,360 feet (2,550 m) is the trailhead that leads to Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the contiguous United States with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m).

## The ride

The ride is 136 miles (219 km) long with an elevation gain of 15,800 feet (4,800 m). There are three major hills: Townes Pass, climbing up from Stovepipe Wells; Hillcrest, climbing from Panamint Springs; and the Whitney Portal Road, which leaves the town of Lone Pine, California to climb to the Portal.
* Townes Pass is 16.6 miles (26.7 km) long with an elevation gain of more than 5,000 feet (1,500 m);
* Hillcrest is 11.9 miles (19.2 km) long, with an elevation gain of slightly more than 3,000 feet (910 m); and
* The Whitney Portal road gains close to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) in 12 miles (19 km).
In addition to long distances and elevation, the temperature can play a major factor. At the start in Badwater, temperatures can routinely be as high as 130 °F (54 °C) degrees, but the temperature quickly drops at higher altitudes. Below freezing temperatures can be encountered near the Portal at night, making temperature swings of over 100 °F (38 °C) degrees possible in a single day.
The ride is a small event, with an average number of riders in the 50s. Riders may ride as individuals or as a team. Due to the heat, the cold, the length, the hills, the dark, and a number of other factors, it is not unusual for 25-50% of the participants not to finish.

## History

The Whitney Classic started in 1981 as a fundraiser for Summit Adventure, a non-profit wilderness ministry in Bass Lake, California, and still serves as a major fundraiser for the organization. There are multiple races and runs that travel the same course, including the Badwater Ultramarathon, held in July every year.
The ride was originally conceived as a Badwater to the summit of Whitney bike-hike event, making it the lowest to highest. In later years, as the United States Forest Service required summit permits to climb Mt. Whitney, the official course was shortened to end at Whitney Portal. Forest Service regulations do not allow competitive events in the John Muir Wilderness, however, many riders choose to continue tradition and complete the ascent to Mount Whitney's summit on their own.
# Charlie Beal

Charles Herbert Beal (September 14, 1908, Redlands, California - July 31, 1991, San Diego) was an American jazz pianist.
Beal played freelance in the Los Angeles area before joining Les Hite's band in 1930. He moved to Chicago in 1932, playing solo at the Grand Terrace in addition to working with Earl Hines, Carroll Dickerson, Jimmie Noone, Erskine Tate, and Frankie Jaxon. From 1933 to 1934 Beal accompanied Louis Armstrong, recording with him extensively. After leaving Armstrong, Beal worked with Noble Sissle, then moved to New York City late in 1934. There he did solo residencies and played with Adrian Rollini, Buster Bailey, and Eddie South, before relocating to Canada for a time. After returning to the U.S. he served in the Army during World War II, and upon his discharge took up residency in Los Angeles again. There he played solo at the Jococo Room, but found his way back into Armstrong's ensemble in 1946. From 1948 to 1956 he worked in Europe, and upon his return spent three years in the house trio at Embers in New York City. Later in his life he returned to southern California, playing at the Racquet Club in Palm Springs, California.
# Schläferskopf

The Schläferskopf is a hill in Hesse, Germany, which is 454 metres high.

## Kaiser Wilhelm Tower

In 1883, a 10-metre-high, wooden viewing tower was built on the summit of the Schläferskopf; it fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1900. In 1905, on the initiative of the Wiesbaden Conservation Society, work on a 31-metre-high tower was begun and, in July 1906, the new Kaiser Wilhelm Turm (formerly also the Kaiser Wilhelm II.-Turm) was opened. It was made from local rubble stone and basalt lava with a room for "refuge and refreshing". Typical of the period it was designed to resemble a medieval fighting tower or bergfried. The watchtower turret on the polygonal platform reinforces the impression. One unusual feature is the double spiral staircase which enables a separation between "up" and "down" stairs.
In the restaurant building added in 1907/08 is a room with a notable jugendstil window. It comes from Wiesbaden glassworker, Albert Zentner, who also made the windows in the churches of Medenbach and Otzberg. The Kaiser Wilhelm Room is graced by an oil painting, which shows the Kaiser in a hunting scene.
On 16 September 2014 the municipal authorities of Wiesbaden decided to carry out a comprehensive refurbishment of the Kaiser Wilhelm Tower in 2015 at a cost of 700,000 euros. 52,000 euros of the cost was met by the two mobile phone operators that have transmission equipment on the tower. This refurbishment was completed in May 2016. Since September 2016 the tower has been open at weekends and on public holidays and may also be opened by individual appointment.
From the viewing platform of the tower there are views over the Taunus and, southwards, towards the Upper Rhine Plain and Wiesbaden.
Attached to the tower is a mountain inn formerly called the Waldcafé Schläferskopf and now the Waldrestaurant Schläferskopf Gold. Access to the tower is normally through the restaurant, but it's currently closed. The city of Wiesbaden is looking for a new leaseholder. At the moment the tower can only be ascend for rare special opening times.
# Castrodouro Castle

Castrodouro Castle is a small fortification in Alfoz, Galicia, Spain, who once belonged to Pardo de Cela's family. Of the primitive castle, only the keep is preserved.

## History

The origin of the castle dates back to a monastery founded in the 9th century by a family from Castile. Part of the Diocese of Mondoñedo, it was later fortified with the support of the Asturian monarchy. In the 15th century it passed into the hands of Marshal Pedro Pardo de Cela, as a dowry for his wedding with Isabel de Castro, niece of Bishop Pedro Enrique de Castro.
When in December 1483 Pedro Pardo de Cela was beheaded by order of the Catholic Monarchs, it returned to the property of the Diocese of Mondoñedo, then ruled by Bishop Diego Soto Valera. He converted it into an episcopal residence, a function it maintained until the 17th century, when it was abandoned.
Since the 19th century it has belonged to the Alfoz municipality, and was used for most of the 20th century as the town hall and the Municipal Court. Nowadays it houses the Alfoz visitor centre and a museum.
# Annie Wall

Annie Wall may refer to:
* Annie Wall Barnett (1859–1942), American writer, litterateur, poet
* Annie Russell Wall (1835–1920), American historian and writer
# Van Keulenfjorden

Van Keulenfjorden is a 30 km long fjord on the west coast of Spitsbergen separating Nathorst Land to the north and Wedel Jarlsberg Land to the south. Van Keulenfjorden is separated from Bellsund by Forsbladodden in the north and Richardodden to the south.

## History

Whaling occurred here at least as early as 1613, when a little pinnace from St. Jean de Luz was said to have been behind Eders Island (at the mouth of Van Keulenfjorden). Van Keulenfjorden was originally called Sardam (Zaandam) Bay by the Dutch, and is labeled as such on maps from 1620 to 1710, when Cornelis Giles and Outger Rep (c. 1710) added the name Van Keulens baaytje to the anchorage behind Eders Island. The bay was named in honor of their publisher, Gerard van Keulen. William Scoresby (1820), thinking the name applied to the fjord as a whole, labeled it Van Keulens Bay. This mistake has been repeated by map-makers to the present day.
# Myosmine

Myosmine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. Chemically, it is closely related to nicotine. It inhibits aromatase sevenfold more potently than nicotine. It also releases dopamine in adult but not adolescent rats.
# Millonzi

Millonzi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Robert I. Millonzi (1910–1986), American lawyer
* Victor Millonzi (1915–1997), American painter and sculptor
# Octavia the Elder

Octavia the Elder (before 69 BC – after 29 BC) was the daughter of the Roman governor and senator Gaius Octavius by his first wife, Ancharia. She was the elder half-sister to Octavia the Younger and Roman Emperor Augustus.

## Biography
### Early life

Octavia was born to Ancharia and Octavius likely some time before 69 BC.

### Marriage and issue

Octavia the Elder was married to Sextus Appuleius (I). They had a son, who was also named Sextus Appuleius, he served as ordinary consul in 29 BC with his half-uncle, Augustus. It is postulated that they had a second son, Marcus Appuleius, the consul of 20 BC. Through Sextus Appuleius, the consul, she had a grandson named Sextus Appuleius, consul in AD 14, and a granddaughter Appuleia Varilla. Octavia the Elder's last known descendants were her great-grandson, also named Sextus Appuleius, through her grandson and Fabia Numantina.

## Research

Plutarch was only aware of one daughter of Gaius Octavius and confused Octavia the Elder with Octavia the Younger.
Octavia's existence as wife of Appuleius was first discovered due to a dedication from when her husband was proconsul of Asia.

## Cultural depictions

Octavia and her husband, as well as their two sons, may be depicted on the Ara Pacis.
# Sebastiania schottiana

Sebastiania schottiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was originally described as Gymnanthes schottiana Müll.Arg. in 1863. It is native from Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
# Neofabraea malicorticis

Neofabraea malicorticis is a plant pathogen that causes bull's-eye rot on apple and pear.
# Santo Stefano Quisquina

Santo Stefano Quisquina (Sicilian: Santu Stèfanu Quisquina) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Palermo and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Agrigento.
It has strong ties with Tampa, in the United States, since its immigrants supplied over 60 percent of the Italian population of the city in the late 19th and early 20th century. The town also supplied a large portion of Italian immigrants to Jacksonville, another city in Florida.
Santo Stefano Quisquina stands at an altitude of 730 metres (2,400 ft) above sea level and borders the following municipalities: Alessandria della Rocca, Bivona, Cammarata, Casteltermini, Castronovo di Sicilia, San Biagio Platani.

## History

The first nucleus of the present-day town probably dates back to the reign of Frederick II of Aragon (1296–1337), when it was a fief of Giovanni Caltagirone. Its successive lords were Ruggero Sinisi, Guiscardo de Agijas, the Lacarns and the Ventimiglias.

## People

* Lorenzo Panepinto (1865 - 1911), a teacher and peasant leader killed by the Sicilian Mafia.
# Anno Domini (disambiguation)

Anno Domini designates years since the traditional date of the birth of Jesus Christ.
Anno Domini may also refer to:
* Anno Domini High Definition, a 2009 album by Polish band Riverside
* Anno Domini (Mobile Suit Gundam 00), a timeline used in anime television series
* Anno Domini (band), an Australian symphonic black/death metal band
* Anno Domini 2000, or, Woman's Destiny, an 1889 science fiction novel by Julius Vogel
* Anno Domini MCMXXI, a poetry collection by Anna Akhmatova, published in 1921
* Anno Domini 1989–1995, a box set released by Black Sabbath in 2024.
# Sevogle Airport

Sevogle Airport (TC LID: CCM3), near the Miramichi River and the former Heath Steele Mines, is operated by the Department of Natural Resources, Government of New Brunswick, Canada. Prior notice is required before landing.
# AskMe

AskMe or Ask Me may refer to:
* Ask Me, a TV series that airs on Treehouse TV and Qubo.
* Ask MetaFilter (short: AskMe), a subsite of community weblog MetaFilter
* AskMeNow, an American public corporation specializing in mobile search and advertising
* "Ask Me" (Elvis Presley song), a 1964 song by Elvis Presley
* "Ask Me", a song on the Amy Grant album Heart in Motion
* The AskMe EPSS, initially developed for health care in The Netherlands
# Nairi-Awari

Nairi-Awari is an indigenous territory in Costa Rica.
# Tony Severino

Tony Severino is American former high school football coach. He served as the head football coach at Rockhurst High School in Kansas City, Missouri from 1983 to 2019. He has won the most games as a head coach in Rockhurst High School football history. Severino's seven state titles are a state record which include five undefeated seasons. Severino is the only coach to win state titles in both Missouri and Kansas.
In 2019, the field at Rockhurst High School’s Vincent P. Dasta Memorial Stadium was named Severino Field in his honor.

## Personal life

Severino was raised in Euclid, Ohio, where he attended Cathedral Latin, an all-boys Catholic high school.

## Playing career

Severino played college football at Kansas State University, where he met his wife, Marilyn. Marilyn's desire to stay in Kansas soon kept him anchored in the state.

## Coaching career

Before coaching at Rockhurst, Severino was a head coach at Shawnee Mission Northwest High School where he won a state title.
After hearing about the job opening at Rockhurst High School, Severino waited an hour to inquire about the vacancy at school before he was told he got the job. Severino's first season with Rockhurst was in 1983 and the Hawklets won the state title that season. Severino was offered a coaching position on the Kansas Jayhawks coaching staff in 1985 but turned down the offer.
During the course of his coaching career, Severino led Rockhurst to the state championship ten times, winning seven of those. He won state titles in 1983, 1986, 1987, 2000, 2002, 2007, and 2010. In 2011, Severino coached the West Squad in the U.S Army All-American Bowl. In 2018, Severino was elected to the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame.
# Sebastiania rigida

Sebastiania rigida is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It was originally described as Gymnanthes rigida Müll.Arg. in 1863. It is native to Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
# Charles Millon

Charles Marie Philippe Millon (French pronunciation: born 13 November 1945) is a French politician who served as Minister of Defence from 1995 to 1997 under Prime Minister Alain Juppé. A former member of the Union for French Democracy (UDF), he represented Ain in the National Assembly (1978–1995; 1997–2001), where he took the presidency of the UDF group over from Jean-Claude Gaudin from 1989 until 1995. Millon also held the mayorship of his native town of Belley from 1977 to 2001 and presidency of the Regional Council of Rhône-Alpes from 1988 to 1999.
As Defence Minister, Millon led the highly sensitive 1997 reform on the professionalisation of the French Armed Forces, which had been decided the year prior by President Jacques Chirac in order to abolish the military service. In 1998, to retain the presidency of the regional council, Millon agreed on being elected with votes from Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front (FN) and was subsequently expelled from the UDF. He then created his own party, The Right (LD), aiming at federating French liberals and conservatives, which met limited success.
Millon ran in 2001 municipal election for Mayor of Lyon and served one term as a municipal councillor for the 3rd arrondissement. Having been defeated in his 2002 parliamentary run in Rhône, he was nominated in 2003 as France's ambassador to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Rome, where he advocated for African development. He retained the position until 2007.

## Political career
### Governmental functions

* Minister of Defence: 1995–1997

### National Assembly of France

* President of the Union for French Democracy Group in the National Assembly: 1989–1995 (became minister in 1995). Elected in 1989, reelected in 1993.
* Vice-president of the National Assembly: 1986–1988.
* Member of the National Assembly of France for Ain: 1978–1995 (became minister in 1995), 1997–2001 (resignation). Elected in 1978, reelected in 1981, 1986, 1988, 1993, and 1997.

### Regional Council

* President of the Regional Council of Rhône-Alpes: 1988–1999 (resignation). Reelected in 1992 and 1998.
* Regional councillor of Rhône-Alpes: 1978–2003 (resignation). Elected in 1986, reelected in 1992 and 1998.

### General Council

* General councillor of Ain: 1985–1988 (resignation).

### Municipal Council

* Mayor of Belley: 1977–2001. Reelected in 1983, 1989, and 1995.
* Municipal councillor of Belley: 1977–2001. Reelected in 1983, 1989, and 1995.
* Municipal councillor of Lyon: 2001–2008.

### Urban Community Council

* Member of the Urban Community of Lyon: 2001–2008.
# Martin Finn (hurler)

Martin Finn (born 1979) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a full-forward at senior level for the London county team.
Finn began his inter-county career as a member of the Cork under-21 hurling team. After emigrating from Ireland he subsequently linked up with the New York and London senior hurling teams. As an inter-county hurler, he has won one Christy Ring Cup winners' medal and one Nicky Rackard Cup winners' medal. Finn has ended up as an Ulster runner-up on one occasion.
At the club level, Finn is a two-time county senior championship medalist with St Gabriel's. He previously won a county junior championship medal with Dromina.
# Washington State Route 143

There have been two state highways in Washington numbered 143:
* Washington State Route 143 (1964-1967) into Mount Rainier National Park, now SR 123
* Washington State Route 143 (1973-1985) across the Columbia River at Plymouth, now part of I-82
# Sofie Laguna

Sofie Laguna is an Australian writer.

## Early life and education

Sofie Laguna was born in Sydney. She studied law.

## Career

After deciding that being a lawyer was not for her, worked as an actor for a while, before becoming a writer and playwright.

## Awards

* 2003 honour book Children's Book of the Year Award: Early Childhood for Too Loud Lily
* 2007 honour book Children's Book of the Year Award: Younger Readers for Bird and Sugar Boy
* 2009 longlisted Miles Franklin Award for One Foot Wrong
* 2009 shortlisted Prime Minister's Literary Awards for One Foot Wrong
* 2015 shortlisted Stella Prize for The Eye of the Sheep
* 2015 winner Miles Franklin Award for The Eye of the Sheep
* 2015 commended The Fellowship of Australian Writers Victoria Inc. National Literary Awards — FAW Christina Stead Award for The Eye of the Sheep
* 2018 longlisted Stella Prize for The Choke
* 2018 shortlisted Voss Literary Prize for The Choke
* 2021 longlisted Miles Franklin Award for Infinite Splendours
* 2021 winner Colin Roderick Award for Infinite Splendours
# Norm Stephenson

Norm Stephenson (1 May 1879 – 27 January 1936) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Xyletinus pubescens

Xyletinus pubescens is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae. It is found in North America.
# National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award

The National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award is among the highest offered by the National Football Foundation (NFF). Every year, the NFF & College Football Hall of Fame pays tribute to a select few with awards of excellence for exhibiting superior qualities of scholarship, citizenship and leadership. Additionally, the Foundation also recognizes individuals who demonstrate outstanding support for the NFF and its mission of promoting the game of amateur football. The Distinguished American Award is presented on special occasions when a truly deserving individual emerges, the award honors someone who has applied the character building attributes learned from amateur sport in their business and personal life, exhibiting superior leadership qualities in education, amateur athletics, business and in the community.
The recipient is not limited to a former college player or coach, must be an outstanding person who has maintained a lifetime of interest in the game and who, over a long period of time, has exhibited enviable leadership qualities and made a significant contribution to the betterment of amateur football in the United States.

## Selection process

Various individuals associated with The National Football Foundation, such as former recipients, board members corporate leaders, chapter presidents and friends send nominations and suggestions to the NFF Chairman. Selection of the recipient is made by the Awards Committee and ratified by the Board of Directors.
# William Bird (lawyer)

Sir William Bird (1560 or 1561–1624) was a lawyer, Member of Parliament for Oxford University and Dean of the Court of Arches but who was accused in Parliament of taking improper fees.

## Life

Bird was born in Saffron Walden, Essex and matriculated at All Souls College, Oxford on 28 November 1581 aged 20, having become a Fellow in 1578. He studied civil law, obtaining the degrees of Bachelor of Civil Law (1583) and Doctor of Civil Law (1588) before becoming an advocate of the Court of Arches in 1589 and a member of Doctors' Commons in 1590. He was also acting Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University in 1591 and dean of All Souls College in 1593. He became more active in the courts, resigning his fellowship in 1604. In 1608 he became MP for the university in succession to Thomas Crompton. In 1611 he became a judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury along with John Bennet (judge), but became the sole judge in 1622 when Bennet was prosecuted for corruption. He was knighted in 1617 and became Dean of the Court of Arches in 1618. He was also a Master in Chancery but was one of four masters accused in the Parliament of 1621 of taking improper fees, although they argued that the statute relied upon by their accusers was not intended to deprive them of their fees. He was buried on 5 September 1624 in Christ Church, Newgate, London. He was survived by his wife, but they had no children.
# Minister of State for Home Affairs

Minister of State for Home Affairs may refer to
* Minister of State of Home Affairs (India)
* Minister of State for Home Affairs (United Kingdom)
* Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, UK
# Sarah Ann

Sarah Ann may refer to:
* Sarah Ann (1799 ship)
* Sarah Ann (1811 ship)
* Sarah Ann, West Virginia
# Ostrovica, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ostrovica (Serbian Cyrillic: Островица) is a village named after a small river (tributary of the Una) in the Una-Sana Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located on a hill near the town of Kulen Vakuf.
In the Middle Ages, Ostrovica was a fort.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 11, all Bosniaks.
# Ngọc Sơn

Ngọc Sơn may refer to several commune-level subdivisions in Vietnam, including:
* Ngọc Sơn, Haiphong, a ward of Kiến An District
* Ngọc Sơn, Đô Lương, a commune of Đô Lương District in Nghệ An Province
* Ngọc Sơn, Bắc Giang, a commune of Hiệp Hòa District
* Ngọc Sơn, Hà Nam, a commune of Kim Bảng District
* Ngọc Sơn, Hòa Bình, a commune of Lạc Sơn District
* Ngọc Sơn, Thanh Hóa, a commune of Ngọc Lặc District
* Ngọc Sơn, Quỳnh Lưu, a commune of Quỳnh Lưu District in Nghệ An Province
* Ngọc Sơn, Hà Tĩnh, a commune of Thạch Hà District
* Ngọc Sơn, Thanh Chương, a commune of Thanh Chương District in Nghệ An Province
* Ngọc Sơn, Hải Dương, a commune of Tứ Kỳ District