OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Timeline of Matanzas

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Matanzas, Cuba.

## Prior to 20th century

* 1693 - City laid out.
* 1694 - Ayuntamiento (town council) established.
* 1813 - Francisco Camero sets up first publishing business in Matanzas.
* 1815 - Mantanzas becomes capital of its department.
* 1818 - Custom house built.
* 1835 - Public library established.
* 1844
** Gabriel de la Concepción Valdés [es] executed.
** Hurricane occurs.
* 1846 - Hurricane occurs.
* 1853 - William R. King takes the oath for Vice President of the United States in Matanzas.
* 1863 - Sauto Theater opens.
* 1870 - Hermitage of Monteserrate established on hill near city.
* 1873 - Matanzas Baseball Club formed.
* 1880 - November: International exhibition held in Matanzas.
* 1884 - El Correo de Matanzas newspaper begins publication.
* 1892 - Population: 27,000.
* 1894 - El Club de Ciclistas de Matanzas active (bicycle club) (approximate date).
* 1899 - Population: 36,374.
* 1900 - El Heraldo Espanol newspaper begins publication.

## 20th century

* 1907 - Population: 36,009 city.
* 1912 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Matanzas established.
* 1916 - Teatro Velasco opens.
* 1919 - Population: 62,638.
* 1952 - Los Muñequitos de Matanzas rumba group formed.
* 1966 - Population: 81,000.
* 1968 - Archivo Historico Provincial de Matanzas (archives) established.
* 1976 - Centro Universitario de Matanzas and Instituto Superior Pedagogico de Matanzas established.
* 1978 - Jardín botánico de Matanzas [es] (garden) established.
* 1984 - Population: 104,583 (estimate).
* 1999 - Population: 124,754.

## 21st century

* 2014 - Population: 136,486.
# St Illtyd's Motte

St Illtyd's Motte, also known as St Illtyd Castle Mound, is the remains of a motte-and-bailey castle in the village of Llanhilleth, Blaenau Gwent, Wales. It was probably destroyed by Llywelyn the Great in the early thirteenth century and not rebuilt. The remnants are a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
The surviving motte is a roughly circular steep-sided, flat-topped mound about 36 metres (118 ft) in diameter and 6.16 metres (20.2 ft) high. It is surrounded by a partially filled-in ditch that is 4–5 metres (13–16 ft) wide and 0.8 metres (2 ft 7 in) deep.
# Neil McLean (sportsman)

Neil McLean (4 August 1857–5 May 1939) was a New Zealand public works contractor and sportsman. He was born on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, British North America on 4 August 1857.
# Carl Conrad Gustav Knuth

Carl Conrad Gustav, Baron Knuth (20 November 1761 – 20 December 1815) was a Danish landowner and 2nd Director of the Royal Danish Mail. He owned the estates Fredsholm, Gottesgabe and Rudbjerggaard on the island of Lolland.

## Early life and career

Knuth was born on 20 November 1761 in Copenhagen, the son of Supreme Court justice and chamberlain Conrad Ditlev, Baron Knuth of Conradsborg and Conradine Augusta née Countess Reventlow.
He was in 1783 appointed kammerjunker, graduated in law from the University of Copenhagen in 1785 and was then for a while an auskultant (trainee) in the Treasury (rentekammeret).
In 1801, Knuth was appointed as 3rd Director of Generalpostamtet, In 1802, he was appointed as chamberlain (kammerherre) and 2nd Director. In 1703, he participated in the negotiations for the dissolution of the Danish post office in Hamburg. He resigned in 1809.

## Property

Knuth owned the estates Fredsholm, Gottesgabe, Rudbjerggaard Stensø and Kallehavegaard.

## Personal life

Knuth married twice. His first wife was Susanne le Sage de Fontenay (23 February 1766 – 14 February 1812), a daughter of Admiral Carl Frederik le Sage de Fontenay. They married on 17 May 1790 and had one son, Carl Conrad Gustav, Baron Knuth-Conradsborg, of Rudbjerggaard (17 August 1796 - 7 July 1855).
His second wife was Christiane Louise, Baroness Roll, née Humble (7 October 1775), a daughter of Franz Joachim Humble and Anna Maria née Neumann. They married on 7 March 1815.
Knuth died on 20 December 1815 at Rudbjerggaard-
# Shuangfeng County No. 1 High School

Shuangfeng County No. 1 High School (simplified Chinese: 双峰县第一中学; traditional Chinese: 雙峰縣第一中學; pinyin: Shuāngfēng Yīzhōng), commonly abbreviated as (Shuangfeng) Yizhong (simplified Chinese: 双峰一中; traditional Chinese: 雙峰一中), is a public coeducational high school in Shuangfeng County, Hunan, China.

## History

The school traces its origins to the former Shuangfeng Academy (双峰书院), founded by the local government in 1760 and would later become the Shuangfeng School in 1905.
In 1905, under the order of Qing dynasty (1644–1911) Emperor Guangxu (1871–1908), the old academy was renamed Shuangfeng Higher School (双峰高等小学堂). Peng Shiyi (彭时绎) was the first supervisor.
In 1941, the school became a middle school.
In March 1950, the school merged with Xiangxiang Second Girls' Vocational School (湘乡第二女子职业学校) to form the Xiangxiang County Second Meddle School (湘乡县立第二初级中学). Peng Xixian (彭希贤) served as its president.
In November 1953, the school was renamed Xiangxiang County First Meddle School (湘乡县立第一初级中学).
In 1956, the school became a high school.
In 2017, Shuangfeng County No. 1 High School ranked at number 389 on the National Top 500 High Schools. In January, the new campus has been basically completed and fully operational.

## Athletics

* Volleyball
* Basketball
* Football
* Table tennis
* Badminton
* Running

## Notable alumni

* Cai Hesen, revolutionist.
* Cai Chang, politician.
* Huang Gonglüe, general.
* Song Xilian, politician.

## Gallery

* The Science and Education Building.
* The Siyuan Library (思源图书馆).
# Historical Atlas of China (1980)

Historical Atlas of China (Chinese: 中國歷史地圖; pinyin: Zhōngguó lìshǐ dìtú) is a 2-volume work published in Taiwan in 1980 and 1983. The volumes are:
* Historical territories.
* Major cities, economic maps, irrigation and transportation networks, social changes, artifacts, wars.
Unlike many other historical maps that placed emphasis on placenames, this set of maps contained many restorations of historical sites.
* This article about a non-fiction book on Chinese history is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Natalia Gudkova

Natalia Goudkova (née Kletskova) is a Paralympian athlete from Russia competing mainly in category F46 throwing events.

## Career

Natalia competed as part of the Russian team that travelled to the United States for the 1996 Summer Paralympics where she competed in all three throws winning the bronze medal in the javelin. In the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney she won a gold medal in the F46 javelin as well as competing in the F46 discus, shot put and long jump. In Athens at the 2004 Summer Paralympics she narrowly missed out defending her javelin title in the mixed class F42-36 javelin, coming away with the silver medal and again failing in the F42-46 discus.
# Celacade

Celacade was a non-drug, device-based treatment also known as Immune Modulation Therapy (IMT), developed by the Canadian-based biotherapeutics company Vasogen, Inc. for chronic heart failure and peripheral artery disease. Blood was piped through the device, where it was exposed to heat, ultraviolet light, and ozone, in the hope that this oxidative stress would trigger an anti-inflammatory immunomodulation response.
Despite some promising early results and one positive result in subgroup analysis, the technique usually did not produce the hoped-for clinically significant results.

## Research history

At the World Congress of Cardiology in September 2006 the Advanced Chronic Heart Failure Clinical Assessment of Immune Modulation Therapy (ACCLAIM) a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving some 2408 patients in 7 countries with left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% or less, reported that only one subgroup – patients with a previous cardiovascular event – benefited from the treatment. These people were 39% less likely to die or be hospitalized due to a heart attack or stroke and tended to have improved quality of life.

## Marketing approval

Vasogen in collaboration with Grupo Ferrer Internacional has regulatory approval to market Celacade as a medical device for the treatment of chronic heart failure in the European Union and Latin America.
# Rêverie (Scriabin)

Rêverie, Op. 24, is an orchestral work composed by Alexander Scriabin in 1898. A typical performance lasts from 3 to 5 minutes. Scriabin, who was a pianist, had never before composed for orchestra, except for a few unpublished works. However, he composed the work in total secrecy, without any advice.

## Composition

In November 1898, when Scriabin went to Saint Petersburg, he brought a present for his patron and publisher M.P. Belaïeff. The offer was the full score of an orchestral work named Prélude, a short miniature in E minor and ternary form.
One day, his friend Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov came to visit him and played the work on the piano. He deemed it Delightful, wheated in piquant harmonies and not badly orchestrated. Since Belaïeff thought the French title Prélude did not fit an orchestral work, he and Scriabin decided to rename it Rêverie. As Belaïeff's editions were published in French (or German) and Russian, they further discussed about the Slavic title. They had to choose between mechty (daydreams) or gryozy (musings). They agreed on the first. After hearing the rehearsals, Scriabin wrote:
   "Imagine my joy, the piece sounds very well. At the rehearsal on 1 December Korsakov was so sweet. He had each section go through its parts separately and spent a whole hour in it [...]"
The piece was premièred on 5 December 1898 in Saint Petersburg after Balakirev's Tamara. It was very well received, and Rimsky-Korsakov had to encore it. After this, Scriabin played a selection of his études, préludes and impromptus at the piano.
# New Cassettes

New Cassettes were an English five piece indie rock band from Northampton, England, formed in 2005.

## History

New Cassettes were a five-piece band formed in 2005. The band's debut album 'The Art of...' was released in 2009, with second album Winterhead, following in March 2012 through N13/MTV. They gained critical acclaim from plays on Radio 1, BBC6 and XFM, and have been MySpace and Radio 1 featured artists. The band toured in support of The Strokes, played Glastonbury Festival, and have been featured on The Inbetweeners Soundtrack along with a headlining tour in Japan.

### Beginnings

The band released their debut single, "You Won't Stop" on Fantastic Plastic-with copies selling out within the first month and landing number at No. 11 in the indie charts in England. Their first single, "You Won't Stop" was issued on Fantastic Plastic, the follow-up, "Recover/Retreat" released on Maps' Last Space Recordings label. Third single 'Hearts Don't Beat Right', was released in 2008.
Two songs ("Carnivals" and "You Won't Stop"), were featured on the Channel 4 comedy, The Inbetweeners. Their debut album The Art Of... was released in 2009 in the UK on New Label, New Danger and in Japan under the Pony Up imprint.
New Cassettes finished the final mixing of their second album, Winterhead, with Grammy Award-winning songwriter and producer Adam Schlesinger of Fountains of Wayne and sound engineer Geoff Sanoff in October 2010. While in the States working on the album the band took a break from the studio to do a special ASCAP-hosted showcase for TV and movie executives at the Gibson Showroom in Los Angeles. The show was a success. MTV became fans of the New Cassettes after their short stop in Los Angeles, and asked them to join the new 'HYPE' venture between MTV and Extreme Music.

### Members

* Tom Stubbs - vocals
* Nikolas Gray - guitar & vocals
* Owen Reed - guitar & vocals
* Dan Battison - bass & vocals

### Former members

* Tommy Francis - Drums
* Ed Hoare - Drums

## Discography
### Studio albums

* The Art Of... (June 2010)
* Winterhead (March 2012)

### EPs

* Ep1 (April 2012)
* Ep2 (August 2012)

### Singles

* "You Wont Stop" / "Yeah" (August 2007)
* "Recover/Retreat" / "I'm Always Right" (March 2008)
* "Hearts Don't Beat Right" (September 2008)
* "Silent Guns" (May 2011)
* "Bite Your Lip" (October 2012)

### Music videos

| Year | Song | Album | Director(s) |
| 2008 | "Recover/Retreat" | The Art Of... | John Lumgair, Quirky Motion |

### Films

| Year | Series | Episodes | Director(s) |
| 2007 | "BBC Electric Prom'" | 1-5 | Simeon Lumgair, John Lumgair, Colin Munro, Quirky Motion |
# Park conservancy

A park conservancy is a type of private, non-profit organization in the United States, that can support the maintenance, capital development, and advocacy for parks or park systems. These organizations raise money through a variety of means to care for urban parks, and while there is not a single model for how a park conservancy can or should be developed, they are created to meet the needs of local communities based on their resources and political situations.

## Park conservancy development

Park conservancies developed in relation to what some call a fifth model for parks, namely those that are sustainable in plantings, usage, and funding. This arose in part due to a lack of public funding allocation for parks, along with structure that allowed the members of the community to directly support their own parks. The number of parks conservancies has grown in the past decades as city funding for parks has in many cases declined, playing an increasingly prominent role in urban parks. One particular aspect of them involves their management, which is independent of local municipal elections. They generally take a long-term perspective on parks, and as a result are financially focused on long-term sustainability to meet their management needs. While the Central Park Conservancy is often considered the first of its kind, they remain different than Friends of the Park groups, Business Improvement Districts (BIDs), and most conservancies in California (where conservancies are often names of state agencies).

## Controversies

While park conservancies are increasingly relied upon to manage, fund, and care for urban parks, they are not without controversy. Some claim that their popularity encourages government to step back from their responsibilities to fund public spaces, and the more they give away their authority the less public oversight exists. Along these lines, funding decisions increasingly depend upon fund-raising, leading to potential conflicts with wealthy donors influencing decisions that affect the rights of those who are often poorest and in most need of the parks themselves.

## Prominent park conservancies

While New York City has the most conservancies of any American city, conservancy management and care of large and small urban parks can be found across the country. One size or approach to developing or using park conservancies will not be the same everywhere based on size or funding, Some of these include:
* Abingdon Square Park, New York, NY
* Balboa Park, San Francisco, CA
* Golden Gate National Parks (GGNRA), San Francisco Bay Area, CA
* Brooklyn Bridge Park, Brooklyn, NY
* Central Park Conservancy, New York, NY
* The High Line, New York, NY
* Forest Park, St. Louis, MO
* Millennium Park, Chicago, IL
* Piedmont Park, Atlanta, GA
* Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy, Pittsburgh, PA
* Overton Park Conservancy Memphis, TN
* Shelby Farms Park Conservancy, Memphis, TN
* Memphis River Parks Partnership, Memphis, TN
# Carl Constantin Platen

Carl Constantin Platen (24 September 1843, Stralsund – 29 June 1899, Barth) was a German physician and zoological collector of birds and butterflies.
After his medical profession in Amoy in the Chinese Empire Carl Constantin Platen worked as a zoological collector. Between 1878 and 1894 with his wife Margarete he undertook extensive journeys, which led him in 1878 to south Celebes, in 1880 to Borneo, in 1881 Seram, in late 1881 and 1882 to Ambon, 1884/1885 to Celebes, 1887 to the Sulu islands and after to Palawan, 1889 to Mindanao and 1892/1894 to Mindoro. The yield, which consisted of 728 specimens of 141 bird taxa, gathered on these expeditions was acquired mostly by Platens friend Wilhelm Blasius for the natural history museum in Braunschweig. A further part was sold to the natural history dealer Wilhelm Schlüter in Saale. Platen was nearly blind and deaf, when he returned to Germany in 1894 where he lived in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania until his death in 1899.

## Legacy

Bird taxa named in Platen's honour include Aramidopsis plateni, Dasycrotapha plateni, Gallicolumba platenae, Sterrhoptilus plateni, Prioniturus platenae, Ficedula platenae and Thapsinillas longirostris platenae. Butterflies named for him are Euploea platenae, Amathuxidia plateni, Amblypodia plateni, Charaxes platenae, Chionaema plateni, Choaspes plateni, Danaus plateni, Prothoe plateni and Troides plateni.
# Shuangfengqiao station

Shuangfengqiao station may refer to:
* Shuangfengqiao station (Chengdu Metro)
* Shuangfengqiao station (Chongqing Rail Transit)
# Natalia Piergentili

Natalia Alejandra Piergentili Domenech (born 14 August 1978) is a Chilean politician who served as president of the Party for Democracy from August 2021 to September 2023.
# Wesley Daly

Wesley Daly was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the 20th-century.
Daly was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1910. He served at Roscrea (Curate); Kilfarboy (Curate in charge); Templeharry (Rector); Lorrha (Incumbent); Birr (Incumbent); and Killaloe Cathedral (Prebendary of Iniscattery). He was Archdeacon of Killaloe from 1938 to 1954.
# Rëmenj

Rëmenj is a village near Buçimas in Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Pogradec. Its name refers to the former presence of Aromanians in the area, drawing from the traditional Albanian rëmër, derived in Tosk Albanian from romanus.
# Alberto Bressan

Alberto Bressan (born 15 June 1956) is an Italian mathematician at Penn State University. His primary field of research is mathematical analysis including hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, impulsive control of Lagrangian systems, and non-cooperative differential games.

## Education and career

Bressan was born in Venice on 15 June 1956. After earning a laurea (the Italian equivalent of a master's degree) in 1978 from the University of Padua, he obtained his PhD in mathematics from the University of Colorado at Boulder under the supervision of Jerrold Bebernes in 1982.
After postdoctoral research at the University of Padua and the Mathematics Research Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, he became an associate professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1986. Bressan received a full professorship at the SISSA in Trieste, Italy in 1991. In 2003, he moved to Penn State University to assume a full professorship there.

## Recognition

He won the Bôcher Memorial Prize in 2008 and the Analysis of Partial Differential Equations Prize of the SIAM in 2007 for his work in PDEs. He was appointed to the Eberly Family Chair in Mathematics at Penn State in August 2008.
In addition to the above, his honors include the A. Feltrinelli prize for Mathematics, Mechanics and Applications of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in Rome. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Bressan was invited to give a plenary talk at the International Congress of Mathematicians at Beijing in August 2002.
# Hug de Cervelló

Hug de Cervelló (died 17 April 1171) was the archbishop of Tarragona from 1164 until his death.
Hug was born in the first half of the 12th century. His father was Guerau Alemany IV of the Barony of Cervelló [es; ca]. He became a canon of the diocese of Barcelona. In 1161, he accompanied Count Ramon Berenguer IV on his visit to Turin, during which the count died. He continued to be close to the count's successor, King Alfonso II.
Alfonso II engineered Hug's election as archbishop in 1164 in order to counterbalance the power of the Bordet princes of Tarragona. Hug did this by granting a charter of repopulation for Selva in 1164; establishing his vassals at L'Albiol and Mas Calvó [ca]; becoming the first prior of Escornalbou [ca; es] in 1165; and intervening in disputes, as in that between the bishopric of Urgell and the abbey of Sant Pere d'Àger [ca; es].
In 1165, the conflict between archbishop and prince turned violent and the former requested the intervention of the king, who finally came to Tarragona in 1168. Prince Guillem d'Aguiló [es; ca] was forced to swear fealty to the archbishop, but he was murdered later that year. His family accused Hug of arranging the assassination. In revenge, Guillem's brothers, Berenguer [ca] and Robert, had Hug assassinated on 17 April 1171. This resulted in the downfall of the Bordets, who were forced into exile through the intervention of Pope Alexander III. The 18th-century Catalan historian Marià Marí i Bas compared the killing of Hug to that of Thomas Becket the year before for its dramatic consequences in favour of the church.
In his will, Hug left 100 bezants to Pope Alexander and 250 morabetinos to Cardinal Hyacinth Bobone.
# Nerang railway station

Nerang railway station is located on the Gold Coast line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the Gold Coast suburb of Nerang.

## History

Nerang station opened on 16 December 1997 when the Gold Coast line was extended from Helensvale. It served as the terminus until the line was extended in 1998 to Robina.

## Services

Nerang is served by Gold Coast line services from Varsity Lakes to Bowen Hills, Doomben and Brisbane Airport Domestic.

## Services by platform

| Platform | Line | Destinations | Notes |
| 1 | Gold Coast | Varsity Lakes | |
| 2 | Gold Coast | Bowen Hills, Doomben & Brisbane Airport Domestic | |

## Transport links

Kinetic Group operate eight bus routes from Nerang station:
* 735: to Southport bus station
* 739: to Griffith University
* 740: to Surfers Paradise
* 743: to Broadbeach South Interchange via Pappas Way
* 744: to Broadbeach South Interchange via Highland Park
* 745: to Broadbeach South Interchange via Carrara
* 746: to Yarrimbah Drive
* 748: to Robina Town Centre
* 749: to Dugandan Street
# Carl Julius Bergstrøm

Carl Julius Bergstrøm (born April/May 1828 in Copenhagen, died 4 February 1898 in Trondheim) was a Norwegian architect who worked in the city of Trondheim from 1872 until his death in 1898.

## Biography

Bergstrøm probably came to Norway with his father J. W. Bergstrøm and his brother William in 1837 when he was only 9 years old. Shortly thereafter, the family settled in Horten, where the father worked as a builder at Karljohansvern. He married Henriette Jacobsen.

## Buildings

Bergstrøm designed several church buildings made of wood or natural stone with a mixture of Swiss chalet style and Neo-gothic architecture. He also worked all over Northern Norway in what is now Trøndelag, Nordland, and Troms counties.
His most famous buildings are Vågan Church (1898), also known as the Lofoten Cathedral, as well as Melhus Church (1892), Orkdal Church (1892) and Sortland Church (1901). Other churches include: Gildeskål Church, Horg Church, Nordbotn Church, Nordli Church, Saura Church, and Sørli Church.
# Haudrecy

Haudrecy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

## Geography

The Sormonne forms most of the commune's northern border.
# Orodes II of Elymais

Orodes II of Elymais, also known as Kamnaskires-Orodes, was the ruler of Elymais in the late 1st-century. He was the son and successor of Orodes I, and was himself succeeded by a certain Phraates.
# White Thunder

White Thunder may refer to:
* original title of The Viking (1931 film)
* White Thunder, a 2002 documentary about Varick Frissell, producer of The Viking
* White Thunder (film), a 1925 film starring Yakima Canutt
* nickname of Scott Steiner, American professional wrestler
* White Thunder, Cheyenne medicine man and father of Owl Woman
# Nasal provocation test

The Nasal Provocation Test (NPT or nasal challenge test) is a medical procedure indicated for help the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis. NPT may be monitored by clinical scores, rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, nasal smear cytology and/or spirometry.