OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ronald K. McMullen

Ronald Keith McMullen (born October 18, 1955) is an American foreign service officer and a career member of the Senior Foreign Service. He served as the U.S. Ambassador to Eritrea from 2007 to 2010.
McMullen was born in Iowa, and received his doctorate from the University of Iowa, where wrote his dissertation on economic consequences of African coups d'état. He received a master's degree from the University of Minnesota and his bachelor's degree from Drake University.
He is a member of the Senior Foreign Service and has over twenty-five years of diplomatic experience. He previously directed the Office of Afghanistan and Pakistan in the Bureau of International Narcotic and Law Enforcement Affairs. Prior to that he served as Associate Dean of the Foreign Service Institute’s School of Leadership and Management.
Mr. McMullen was Deputy Chief of Mission in Rangoon, Burma from 2002 until 2005. In Burma he worked closely with Nobel Peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi and pro-democracy and ethnic minority groups. As Deputy Chief of Mission and Charge’ d’Affaires in the Fiji Islands from 1999 until 2002, he was instrumental in helping Fiji pull back from the brink of civil conflict after an armed takeover of parliament and subsequent coup d'état.
Other overseas assignments include serving as Deputy Principal Officer in Cape Town, South Africa; Economic Officer in Libreville, Gabon; Political Officer in Colombo, Sri Lanka; and Vice Consul in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. From 1990 until 1993 Dr. McMullen served as visiting professor at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he taught six different courses in International Relations and Comparative Politics. Before joining the Foreign Service in 1982, Mr. McMullen served as a State Department intern in Khartoum, Sudan.
His languages include Spanish, French, Afrikaans, and Russian. McMullen has authored a dozen scholarly works and is a three-time recipient of the State Department's Superior Honor Award.
# White-Westinghouse

White-Westinghouse is an American home appliance brand used under license by trademark owner Westinghouse Licensing Corporation. It was created in 1975 when White Consolidated Industries bought the Westinghouse Electric Corporation's major appliance business. White Consolidated Industries was in turn acquired by Electrolux in 1986.
Electrolux made White-Westinghouse branded appliances as recently as 2006.

## History

Westinghouse entered the major appliance industry by acquiring the "Copeman Electric Stove Company" in 1917. It later moved production from Flint, Michigan to Mansfield, Ohio. Copeman had begun manufacturing its first electric ranges in 1914. Electric ranges were first demonstrated by Thomas Ahearn in 1892, gained in popularity as electrification became widespread throughout the United States.
The company claims to have made several important innovations:
* 1930s refrigerators with sealed refrigeration units
* 1930s room air conditioners
* 1930s portable dishwashers
* 1939 automatic washing machine that was not bolted to the floor.
* 1950s auto-defrost refrigerators.
The company manufactured both large and small appliances for many years. Appliances bearing the White-Westinghouse name were made by Electrolux after 1998 under license from Paramount Global through its Westinghouse brand management subsidiary.
In the mid-1990s, household products and electronics bearing the White-Westinghouse name were sold by Kmart stores in the United States. This essentially gave Kmart a private-label brand in the value category for household goods. This agreement was between Windmere-Durable Holdings, Salton/Maxim Housewares and New M-Tech Corp., who licensed the name from the then Westinghouse Electric. Most larger-sized TVs were relabeled models produced by Daewoo Electronics Corp. This partnership dissolved in the early 2000s and many of the products were discontinued or switched to Kmart's "Home Essentials" brand. Televisions continued to be produced by Daewoo, but were re-labeled as Curtis-Mathes, another brand licensed to Kmart for a brief period of time.
# One Foot in Laos

One Foot in Laos is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1999.
# Mock orange

Mock orange or mock-orange typically refers to Philadelphus, a mostly Holarctic genus of shrubs, particularly the species Philadelphus coronarius, which is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Mock orange may also refer to:

## Plants

* Bursaria spinosa (Australian blackthorn), a small tree from Australia
* Choisya ternata (Mexican mock orange), a shrub native to Mexico
* Maclura pomifera (Osage-orange), a small tree from North America
* Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine), a small tree ranging from East Asia to Australasia
* Philadelphus lewisii (Lewis' mock-orange), a shrub from western North America and the state flower of Idaho.
* Pittosporum tobira, native to China, Japan, and Korea, and naturalized and cultivated elsewhere
* Pittosporum undulatum (sweet pittosporum), a small tree native to Australia
* Styrax americanus, (American snowbell), a small tree native to eastern North America

## Music

* Mock Orange (band), an indie rock band
* Mock Orange (album), 1997 album by Mock Orange
# Neu-Salems-Gesellschaft

The Neu-Salems-Gesellschaft (German for: New Salems Society) is a neo-revelationist group named after the publishing house Neu-Salems-Verlag, located in Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany. Without much organization or membership it was a name for the followers of Jakob Lorber and readers of the books from this publisher. The society existed from 1921 until 1937 when it was prohibited by the National Socialists. After World War II the society congregated again as Lorber-Gesellschaft (German for: Lorber Society).
The Neu-Salems-Gesellschaft saw itself as nondenominational and international part of the "world community of the religions of love", spiritually related to the Quakers, The Salvation Army (mainly because of the active love), New Thought movement, the Baháʼí Faith, the Bhakti movement of Hinduism, as well as Daoyuan and Oomoto. Main elements of the society were inner freedom and independence connected with deep religiosity, as well as the belief in the divine authorship of the new revelation of Jakob Lorber. The society saw itself as Christian, whose foundation is the Bible, which is understood, interpreted and completed through new revelations.
# RnG Muzic

RnG Muzic is the first collaborative mixtape by American singers Kevin McCall and Constantine. It was released January 8, 2015. It is hosted by DJ Carisma and features guest appearances from Gucci Mane, Ken Mailk and Lola Monroe. On January 2, the music video to "CoCo" (Rng Mix) was released and directed by Gold Glass Productions.
# Blues in the Closet

Blues in the Closet may refer to:
* "Blues in the Closet", a composition, also known as "Collard Greens and Black Eyed Peas", by Harry Babasin and Oscar Pettiford
* Blues in the Closet (Bud Powell album), 1956
* Blues in the Closet (Tommy Flanagan album), 1983
# Santa Clara (Coimbra)

Santa Clara is a former civil parish in the municipality of Coimbra, Portugal. It was also known as São Francisco or São Francisco da Ponte after its foundation in 1855. The population in 2011 was 9,929, in an area of 9.77 km$^2$. On 28 January 2013 it merged with Castelo Viegas to form Santa Clara e Castelo Viegas.
Population of the civil parish of Santa Clara (1864–2011)YearPop.±% 1864 1,368—     1878 1,486+8.6% 1890 1,660+11.7% 1900 1,909+15.0% 1911 2,450+28.3% 1920 2,920+19.2% 1930 3,406+16.6% 1940 4,135+21.4% 1950 5,473+32.4% 1960 5,706+4.3% 1970 6,026+5.6% 1981 9,826+63.1% 1991 8,609−12.4% 2001 9,637+11.9% 2011 9,929+3.0% :

## Cultural heritage, monuments and other attractions

* Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Nova (National Monument)
* Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Velha (National Monument)
* Quinta das Lágrimas
* Portugal dos Pequenitos
* Ponte de Santa Clara (bridge)
* Coimbra University Stadium
# Mary Christmas

Mary Christmas may refer to:
* Mary Christmas (editor), editor of the magazine $pread
* Mary Christmas (film), a 2002 American Christmas movie
# White-backed duck

The white-backed duck (Thalassornis leuconotus) is a waterbird of the family Anatidae. It is distinct from all other ducks, but most closely related to the whistling ducks in the subfamily Dendrocygninae, though also showing some similarities to the stiff-tailed ducks in the subfamily Oxyurinae. It is the only member of the genus Thalassornis.

## Description

These birds are well adapted for diving. On occasions they have been observed to stay under water for up to half a minute. They search especially for the bulbs of waterlilies, but also seeds and leaves of waterlilies and other water plants and the young feed on lake flies larvae as well. From danger, they also escape preferentially by diving; hence, the namesake white back is hardly visible in life.

## Distribution and habitat

White-backed ducks live in Africa, especially between Senegal and Chad in the west, Ethiopia in the east, and South Africa in the south. Their habitat consists of lakes, ponds, swamps and marshes where they are well camouflaged against predators.

## Subspecies

There are two subspecies, Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus and Thalassornis leuconotus insularis. The latter lives entirely on Madagascar and is considered endangered as a result of hunting, habitat loss and the introduction of competing exotic species.

## Conservation

The white-backed duck is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Woolaver and Nichols conducted a nesting survey of the Madagascar race in 2001 at Lake Antsamaka in western Madagascar. They found a total of 37, indicating the significance of this single site for the conservation of this insular subspecies. Young, et al. (2006) suggested that an earlier population estimate of 2,500–5,000 total birds in Madagascar by Delany and Scott may be too optimistic. Its African population may be in the range of 10,000 to 25,000 birds.
# Section 516 grants

Section 516 grants are a USDA farm labor housing program authorized by Section 516 of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.). Qualified nonprofit organizations, Indian tribes, or public bodies obtain grants for the development cost of farm labor housing. Grants may be used simultaneously with Section 514 loans if the housing, for which there is a “pressing need,” will not be built without assistance from the Rural Housing Service (RHS). Grants may be made for up to 90% of the development cost of the housing. In a given fiscal year, up to 10% of the Section 516 funds shall be for domestic and migrant farm worker housing. Applicants must contribute at least 10% of the total development costs from their own resources or from other sources including Section 514 loans. Funds may be used to buy, build, or improve housing and related facilities for farm workers, and to purchase and improve the land where the housing will be located, including installation of streets, water supply and waste disposal systems, parking areas, and driveways as well as for the purchase and installation of appliances such as ranges, refrigerators, and clothes washers and dryers. Related facilities may include the maintenance workshop, recreation center, small infirmary, laundry room, day care center, and office and living quarters for the resident manager.
# Shelter Bay

Shelter Bay may refer to:
* Shelter Bay, British Columbia, a ferry terminal on Upper Arrow Lake, British Columbia
* Shelter Bay, Quebec
* Shelter Bay, Washington, a small community near La Conner, Washington
* Shelter Bay (ship, 1922) -- a freighter operated by the Quebec & Ontario Transportation Company
# Winterton

Winterton may refer to:

## Places
### England

* Winterton, Lincolnshire, a small town in North Lincolnshire, England
* Winterton Hospital in County Durham
* in Norfolk:
** Winterton Dunes, a nature reserve
** Winterton Ness, an area of foreland on the North Norfolk coast of England.
** Winterton-on-Sea, a village and civil parish
*** location of Winterton Lighthouse

### Canada

* Winterton, Newfoundland and Labrador, a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador

### South Africa

* Winterton, KwaZulu-Natal, a small town in KwaZulu-Natal

### United States

* Winterton, former name of Altaville, California
* Winterton, New York, a town in Sullivan County, New York, United States

## People

* Winterton (surname)

## Other

* Earl Winterton, a title in the Peerage of Ireland
* HMS Coromandel (1795), a ship formerly the East Indiaman Winterton
# Metameme

In the field of memetics, a metameme (or meta-meme) is defined as a meme about a meme. The very concept of memes themselves has been referred to as "the Metameme". Ideological tolerance and the rhetorical device of metaphor clearly fit this framing. Regarding the former, one may usefully expand:
   A meta-meme which confers resistance to a wide variety of memes (and their sociotypes), without conferring meme-allergies. In its purest form, Tolerance allows its host to be repeatedly exposed to rival memes, even intolerant rivals, without active infection or meme-allergic reaction. Tolerance is a central co-meme in a wide variety of schemes, particularly "liberalism", and "democracy". Without it, a scheme will often become exo-toxic and confer meme-allergies on its hosts. Since schemes compete for finite belief-space, tolerance is not necessarily a virtue, but it has co-evolved in the ideosphere in much the same way as co-operation has evolved in biological ecosystems. (Henson.)
Initial definitions of meta memes and the lingo surrounding the phenomenon have seen a recent overhaul, as a new perspective is beginning to emerge due to heightened interest from researchers and companies alike.

## Measuring social evolution

Metamemes may be used to measure the evolution of a given society. It has been proposed that the degree of consciousness a society has about the very memes that form it is correlated with how evolved that society is. The difficulties associated with measuring the "metamemetic content" of a given society, however, render that proposition impractical.
This can be viewed (to some extent) as a memetic approach to the American sociologist Gerhard Lenski's view that the more information a given society has, the more advanced it is.
# Boali Hydroelectric Power Station

Boali Hydroelectric Power Station is a 38.75 megawatts (51,960 hp) hydroelectric power complex near Boali in the Central African Republic.
The power complex comprises three units (a) Boali I (1 x 8.75MW) (b) Boali II (1 x 20MW) and (c) Boali III (1 x 10MW). As of December 2020, the power station was undergoing rehabilitation and renovation, to raise its capacity from 38.75 megawatts to 43.75 megawatts, by increasing the Boali III output from 10 megawatts to 15 megawatts.

## Location

The power station, which sits across the Mbali River, is located near the town of Boali, in Ombella-M'Poko Prefecture, approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi), northwest of the capital city of Bangui. The geographical coordinates of Boali I Hydroelectric Power Station are: 04°52'16.0"N, 18°03'00.0"E (Latitude:4.871111; Longitude:18.050000).

## Overview

Due to severe electricity shortage in the city of Bangui, the government of Central African Republic (CAR), in collaboration with the government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and financial backing from the African Development Bank (AfDB), developed a plan to rehabilitate the Boali Dams, improve electricity transmission around Bangui and interconnect the electricity grids of CAR and DRC, to facilitate the efficient exchange of electric power between the two neighbors.
The first phase of this project is ongoing and is expected to conclude in 2021. The work is contracted to China Gezhouaba Group Company (CGGC). This phase involves the rehabilitation of the generating equipment of Boali I, Boali II and Boali III. It also involves the update and strengthening of the transmission infrastructure between Boali and Bangui.
The second phase of this development, is expected to begin in 2021 and involves (a) establishment of high voltage transmission between CAR and two neighborhoods in DRC; Zongo and Libenge, and the electrification of all communities traversed by the new transmission lines in both countries.

## Construction costs and funding

The first phase is reported to cost US$50.05 million, majority borrowed from the AfDB. The second phase was originally budgeted at US$5.97 million. Funding for the second phase is sourced from the AfDB, African Development Fund, and the CAR government.
# White-Washing Race

White-Washing Race: The Myth of a Color-Blind Society is a 2005 book arguing that racial discrimination is still evident on contemporary American society. The book draws on the fields of sociology, political science, economics, criminology, and legal studies. The authors argue that the inequalities which prevail in America today, especially with regard to wages, income, and access to housing and health care, are the effects of either cultural or individual failures.
The book provides an alternative explanation: that racism—particularly institutionalized racism—is as much a problem in America as in earlier times. Such inequalities continue to exist in the labor market, the welfare state, the criminal justice system, and schools and universities. The book recounts the history of advancement among black Americans since the 1960s, and current anti-discrimination policies, but advocates new policies for increased racial equality in a post-affirmative action world.

## Authors

Michael K. Brown and David Wellman are currently professors at UC Santa Cruz. Marjorie M. Schultz and Troy Duster are Professors at UC Berkeley, while Elliott Currie is a Professor in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society at UC Irvine. Troy Duster is also a professor at New York University. David Benjamin Oppenheimer is a Clinical Professor of Law at UC Berkeley School of Law and the Director of UC Berkeley's Center on Comparative Equality and Anti-Discrimination Law. Martin Carnoy is currently employed at Stanford University as a Professor of Education and Economics.

## Awards

* Gustavus Myers Outstanding Book Award: Gustavus Myers Awards
* Benjamin L. Hooks Outstanding Book Award: Benjamin L. Hooks Institute for Social Change
* C. Wright Mills Award Finalist: Society for the Study of Social Problems
# Ogrodniczki

Ogrodniczki may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Ogrodniczki, Gmina Juchnowiec Kościelny
* Ogrodniczki, Gmina Supraśl
# She's So Fine

"She's So Fine" is a song written by Stevie Wright and George Young. It was originally recorded by the Australian rock group the Easybeats in 1965, whose version reached number three in the Australian charts.

## Background

The basic tracks to "She's So Fine" were recorded in early 1965 at Armstrong Studios in Melbourne. Additional recording took place later when they returned to Sydney. The single was a break-through hit for the Easybeats, gaining them nationwide attention.

## Single track listing

* She's So Fine
* Old Oak Tree

## Charts

Chart performance for "She's So Fine" :
| Chart (1965) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 3 |

## Other versions

The song was recorded by Danny Diaz & The Checkmates who had it as the B side of their 1966 single, "It's So Easy" which was released on the Diamond label. It was also released on Australia on Stateside OSS 259.
# Bosshardt

Bosshardt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alida Bosshardt (1913–2007), Dutch Salvation Army officer
* Johann Caspar Bosshardt (1823–1887), Swiss history painter
* Rudolf Alfred Bosshardt (1897–1993), British missionary to China with the China Inland Mission
# Mantua Township, Portage County, Ohio

Mantua Township (/ˈmænəweɪ/ MAN-ə-way) is one of the eighteen townships of Portage County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 4,576 people in the township.

## Name and history

Mantua Township was named in commemoration of Mantua, Italy, which in 1796 was besieged by Napoleon, during the Napoleonic Wars.
It is the only Mantua Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Geography

Formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve, Mantua Township covers an area of 26 sq mi (67 km$^2$). It is located in the northern part of Portage county and borders the following townships and cities:
* Auburn Township, Geauga County - north
* Troy Township, Geauga County - northeast corner
* Hiram Township - east
* Freedom Township - southeast corner
* Shalersville Township - south
* Streetsboro - southwest corner
* Aurora - west
* Bainbridge Township, Geauga County - northwest corner
The village of Mantua, which became independent of the township in 1993, is located in what was previously southern Mantua Township and borders the township on three sides.
Mantua Bog State Nature Preserve and Marsh Wetlands State Nature Preserve, are located east of Mantua. Both are part of the Mantua Swamp region which was designated as a National Natural Landmark in 1976.

## Notable people

* Eliza Roxcy Snow Smith, an early Latter Day Saint leader, and a plural wife of both Joseph Smith and Brigham Young
* Lorenzo Snow, a former president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The community of Mantua, Utah, in Utah's Box Elder County, was named in honor of Snow and his hometown.
# Noce

Noce may refer to:

## People

* Augusto Del Noce (1910–1989), Italian philosopher and political thinker
* Claudio Noce (born 1975), Italian film director and screenwriter
* Daniel Noce, American army officer
* Luisa Della Noce (1923–2008), Italian actress
* Mario Noce (born 1999), Italian footballer
* Paul Noce (born 1959), American baseball player
* Teresa Noce (1900–1980), Italian labour leader and activist
* Vincent Della Noce (born 1943), Canadian politician

## Places

* Noce, Palermo [it], Italy
* Noce, Vicopisano, Italy
* Nocé, Orne, France

## Other

* Noce (river) [it; de; fr]
# Blueback

Blueback may refer to any of a number of unrelated fish species with blue coloration:
* Blueback (novel), a 1997 novel by Australian author Tim Winton
* USS Blueback (SS-326), a US Navy submarine of the Balao-class
* USS Blueback (SS-581), a Barbel-class submarine and the last non-nuclear submarine to join the US Naval Fleet
* Beardslee trout or bluebacks
* Blueback, a juvenile hooded seal
* Blueback (film), an Australian drama
# Najifpur

Najafpur is one of the 44 Union Councils, administrative subdivions, of Haripur District in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan.