OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mekong wagtail

The Mekong wagtail (Motacilla samveasnae) is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It was first described in 2001 and named in honour of the late Cambodian ornithologist Sam Veasna. It is a black and white bird, similar in appearance to the African pied wagtail, although their ranges do not overlap. Its facial features and distinctive voice distinguish it from other black and white wagtails in southeastern Asia.
The Mekong wagtail is found in the Mekong valley of Cambodia and Laos, and is a non-breeding visitor to Thailand and Vietnam. Its typical habitat is rocky areas beside fast-flowing stretches of river where seasonal flooding occurs. Although tolerant of humans, it is threatened by large scale alterations to its habitat such as inundation of riverine habitat following damming of the river.

## Description

The Mekong wagtail most closely resembles African pied wagtail M. aguimp, although two species ranges are far apart. It differs from M. agiump in several minor respects, particularly wing pattern, and its vocalisations are very distinctive. It is a very distinctive species and is the only black-and-white wagtail in South-East Asia which exhibits the plumage character combination of black forehead, lores and ear coverts, obvious white supercilia, with white a throat and neck patch.

## Distribution

The Mekong River breeding in Cambodia and Laos, but apparently it is a non breeding visitor to Thailand. It also occurs in Vietnam.

## Habitat

The Mekong wagtail is found in wide lowland river channels. Territorial birds are associated with fast-flowing braided sections of river which flow through a distinctive landscape of rocks, bushes adapted to prolonged seasonal submersion, mainly Homonoia riparia, with sandbars and gravel shoals. As river levels rise during the May/June–October/November rainy season these features become flooded. The species concentrates along earthen banks and associated overhanging vegetation, and patches of exposed sand and silt, where they occur in pairs, some of which are highly territorial, and small flocks of less than a dozen birds.

## Threats

The Mekong wagtail is very tolerant of human presence, and its habitat is not very susceptible to human-induced changes. Damming proposals along the Mekong, in particular those on sections where the river has a low gradient, have the potential to destroy significant stretches of its riverine range by inundating the river channel

## Taxonomy

The species was overlooked until 2001 when it was described. It is named in honour of the late Cambodian ornithologist Sam Veasna. It is most similar in appearance to the African pied wagtail but genetic evidence suggests that the two are not more closely related to each other compared to other black and white wagtails such as the white wagtail M. alba complex or the white-browed wagtail M. maderaspatensis.
# Sacred Space Music

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Sacred Space Music is the third album of new-age composer Constance Demby.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Constance Demby

## Personnel
### Musical

* Constance Demby – hammered dulcimer, synthesizer, piano

### Technical

* Recording & Engineering: Warren Dennis
* Additional engineering: Anna Turner
* Mixing: Stephen Hill
* Production: Constance Demby, Warren Dennis, Stephen Hill

### Graphical

* Cover Illustration & Art direction: Constance Demby, Janaia Donaldson
# Rich Kids (EP)

Rich Kids is the fifth extended play by Australian singer-songwriter, Washington. It was released in May 2010.
The EP debuted and peaked at number 70 on the ARIA Charts.

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 70 |
# Richard Holdaway

Richard Holdaway, CBE, FREng (born 1949) is a Professor of Spacecraft Engineering, Chairman of three hi-tech companies, and ex-Head of RAL Space, at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.

## Life and works

Educated at The Skinners' School, Tunbridge Wells, he earned his PhD in aeronautics and astrodynamics at the University of Southampton, He is a visiting professor at the University of Southampton, the University of Kent, the Beihang University (formerly the University of Aeronautics & Astronautics in Beijing) and Embry-Riddle University in Prescott AZ. He worked on the design of the Harrier jump jet (VTOL) aircraft at Hawker Siddeley before joining the Appleton Laboratory in 1974 and RAL in 1980. He has over 50 years of experience in space programmes, having worked on numerous missions in space science and earth observation with NASA, ESA, China, Russia and the UK National Programme. He was appointed director of Space Science and Technology at RAL (now RAL Space) in 1998. Under his directorship, RAL-Space merged fundamental space science with cutting-edge technological and engineering developments. He has had a role in several space technology spin-out companies. In 2012 he joined the board of directors of Canadian Company UrtheCast and in 2014 joined the Board of Stratospheric Platforms Ltd (SPL), in 2022 becoming its Chairman. He is also Chairman and CEO of Cambridge Space Associates and Chairman of Global Imaging Systems. In 2013 he was appointed a CBE in recognition of his services to UK space engineering, his work with the Royal Academy of Engineering, his long association with Southampton University and his numerous public outreach lectures. He lectures regularly at Universities and Colleges, to governments, and gives public talks including on the Cunard liners Queen Mary, Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth. His lectures include a series entitled "Journeys through Space & Time", covering: Space History, Astronomy, The Planets, Planet Earth from Space, Climate Change, Future Space Missions, and Things that have gone wrong in Space.

## Selected works

* R. Holdaway, Is space global disaster warning and monitoring now nearing reality?, Space Policy, 17, (2), 127-132, doi: 10.1016/S0265-9646(01)00009-1, 2001
* R. Holdaway, The British Space Program, in Advances in the Astronautical Sciences (Edited by Hoots, F.R., Kaufman, B., Cefola, P.J., and Spencer, D.B., 97, (1/2), 1437-1442, 1998
* R. Holdaway, UK instruments for mission to planet Earth, Space Technology - industrial and commercial applications, 13, (6), 561-567, 1993
* J.-J. Miau, and R. Holdaway (eds), Reducing the Cost of Spacecraft Ground Systems and Operations, Vol. 3., Springer, 2000
# Rich Neck, Virginia

Rich Neck is an unincorporated community in Richmond County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Magnetostatic loudspeaker

A magnetostatic loudspeaker is a dipole loudspeaker that is similar to an electrostatic loudspeaker but uses high currents instead of using high voltages. Permanent magnets provide a static magnetic field and wires or strips carrying audio frequency currents are bonded to a thin diaphragm. The current flowing in the conductors interacts with the magnetic field and creates sound in much the same way as in a conventional dynamic driver. Because of its dipole structure, this kind of speaker creates sound mostly to its front and back.
The impedance of a magnetostatic speaker is often mainly resistive, but in some cases may be so low that the amplifiers have to be ready to accommodate the low impedance load. Magnetostatic speakers provide good sound quality, and may be very thin, but for producing also lower frequencies with good enough sensitivity, their height and width dimensions must be rather large.
Magnepan is the main producer of magnetostatic loudspeakers for high fidelity home audio.
# Mean annual increment

The mean annual increment (MAI) or mean annual growth refers to the average growth per year a tree or stand of trees has exhibited/experienced up to a specified age. For example, a 20-year-old tree that has a stem volume of 0.2 m$^3$ has an MAI of 0.01 m$^3$/year. MAI is calculated as $MAI=Y(t)/t$ where $Y(t)$ = yield at time $t$. For a stand of trees the total stem volume (m$^3$) per area (ha) is typically calculated. Because the typical growth pattern of a forest is sigmoidal, the MAI starts out small, increases to a maximum value as the trees mature, then declines slowly over time as some trees' canopies face competition for sunlight and older trees die off.
Throughout this, the MAI always remains positive. MAI differs from periodic annual increment (PAI) in that the PAI is the growth for one specific year or any other specified length of time.
The point where the MAI and PAI meet is at the point of maximum MAI and is typically referred to as the biologically optimal rotation age. This is the age at which the tree or stand would be harvested if the management objective is to maximize long-term yield. The proof of this definition is shown by differentiating $MAI(t)$ with respect to $t$, and is shown by Husch, Miller, and Beers.
# Megan Crowhurst

Megan Jane Crowhurst is an Australian- and Canadian-raised linguist and Professor of Linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin in the United States.

## Career

Crowhurst earned her BA in linguistics at the University of British Columbia (1985) and the MA and PhD at the University of Arizona (1989 and 1991). She has held academic positions at Yale University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and, since 1999, in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Texas at Austin.
She works in the area of phonology, researching aspects of prosody, especially prosodic morphology, phonological stress, and the perception of rhythm. Often focusing on documenting these aspects within endangered languages, she has conducted fieldwork with speakers of Tupi-Guarani languages in Bolivia and speakers of Zapotec in Oaxaca, Mexico.

## Honors and distinctions

Crowhurst was a member of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA) task force that created the Women In Linguistics Mentoring Alliance (WILMA) to provide a system to offer mentoring opportunities for female linguists. She also served on the LSA committee, Endangered Languages and Their Preservation, chairing the committee in 2001. Crowhurst has served as the Senior Associate Editor (2016-2017) and Co-editor (2017-2020) of the journal Language. She is a co-founder of the LSA journal Phonological Data and Analysis. Crowhurst was inducted as a Fellow of the Linguistic Society of America in January 2021.

## Selected publications

Megan J. Crowhurst. 2019. The Iambic/Trochaic Law: Nature or Nurture? Language and Linguistic Compass. doi:10.1111/lnc3.12360 Megan J. Crowhurst. 2018. The influence of varying vowel phonation and duration on rhythmic grouping preferences among Spanish and English speakers. J. Phonetics 66 (Jan.), 82–99. doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2017.09.001 Megan J. Crowhurst. 2018. The joint influence of vowel duration and creak on the perception of internal phrase boundaries. J. Acoustical Society of America 143(3), EL147-153. doi:10.1121/1.5025325 Megan Crowhurst. 2016. Iambic-Trochaic law effects among native speakers of Spanish and English. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology 7(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.42 Megan Crowhurst and Sara Trechter. 2014. Vowel-rhotic metathesis in Guarayu. International Journal of American Linguistics 80, 127–173. https://doi.org/10.1086/675421 Megan Jane Crowhurst and Lev D. Michael. 2005. Iterative footing and prominence-driven stress in Nanti (Kampa). Language 81(1), 47-95. https://doi.org10.1353/lan.2005.0013
# Megalorhipida parvula

Megalorhipida parvula is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is known from Yemen.
# Sai Kung Tang Shiu Kin Sports Ground

Sai Kung Tang Shiu Kin Sports Ground is a rugby union stadium on Fuk Man Road, Sai Kung, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government.
The sports ground includes a football field and a running track and holds 5,000 spectators. It is the home ground of Sai Kung Stingrays Rugby Club. The sports ground is located near the Sai Kung bus terminus.

## Facilities

* Covered grandstand
* Standard running track
* Natural grass football field
# Sahajanpur

Sahajanpur is a village and gram panchayat in Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The village has several public and many private educational institutions. Shivalaya is an ancient building here.

## Demographics

The population of Sahajanpur was 2000 as per 2011 census of India which has increased to 3000 in 2011. As of June 2014, the population is 4000. .

## Education system

There are three primary schools in Sahjanpur.
# Saga of Old City

Saga of Old City is a 1985 fantasy novel by Gary Gygax, set in the world of Greyhawk, which is based on the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.

## Plot summary

Saga of Old City was the first novel to feature Gord the Rogue. Saga of Old City starts in Gord's childhood, and ends with his triumphant return to Greyhawk City as a young man and master thief. He learns his trade in the 'beggars' guild', and gets involved in the gang war touched off by the beggars encroaching on the official thieves' guild's territory. He travels and has a variety of swashbuckling adventures, ranging from participating in a war, to liberating a young noblewoman held hostage, to defeating a demon with a druid, Curley Greenleaf, and a barbarian, Chert.

## Publication history

Gary Gygax wrote a short story, "At Moonset Blackcat Comes", that appeared in the special 100th issue of Dragon in August 1985. This introduced Gord the Rogue to gamers just before Saga of Old City was scheduled to be released. Saga of the Old City was published in 1985; this and its sequel Artifact of Evil were the only two novels published under TSR's Greyhawk Adventures written by Gygax.
This was Gygax's first novel, and it was edited by Kim Mohan. It was the first Greyhawk novel released by TSR. It was not the first published novel to take place in this world; the first novel to feature Greyhawk was Quag Keep, published in 1978 by Andre Norton.
In 2008 Troll Lord Games released a new hard cover reprinting of Saga of Old City.

## Reception

In the Io9 series revisiting older Dungeons & Dragons novels, Rob Bricken commented that "I feel very weird about hating a novel written by the father of Dungeons & Dragons, but there's nothing fantastic about the fantasy in Saga of Old City. It's just deeply, deeply unpleasant. So while I might give the technical writing a 4 on a 1d20—he's more competent at scene and actions descriptions than R.A. Salvatore in The Crystal Shard, at least Salvatore's characters were distinct and memorable—but a penalty of -2, along with a -3 for its outright misogyny. In the end, that leaves Saga of Old City with -1—technically not a critical miss, but still an utter failure."
# Melaleuca atroviridis

Melaleuca atroviridis is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It was formerly included in the species Melaleuca uncinata but a review of that species lead to the identification of a number of new species. Like M. uncinata, this species is used for the production of brushwood fencing. It has fewer stamens in the flowers and somewhat smaller clusters of fruit but has the same needle-like leaves with a hooked end and spikes of creamy yellow flowers in early summer.

## Description

Melaleuca atroviridis is a large shrub sometimes growing to a height of 12 m (40 ft) and has dark, flaking papery bark. Its leaves mostly point upwards, are almost circular in cross-section, 22–56 mm (0.9–2 in) long and 0.6–1.4 mm (0.02–0.06 in) wide. The ends of the leaves taper to a hook.
The flowers are a cream or yellow and arranged in spikes containing 5 to 27 groups of flowers in threes. The spikes are 15–17 mm (0.6–0.7 in) in diameter. The petals are 1.3–1.6 mm (0.05–0.06 in) long and fall off as the flower opens. The stamens are arranged in five bundles of around the flower, with 7 to 11 stamens in each bundle. The flowering season lasts from December to February and is followed by fruit which are woody capsules. The fruits become so closely packed together that they lose their individual identities and form a cylinder 5.4–8.5 mm (0.2–0.3 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca atroviridis was first formally described in 2004 by Lyndley Craven and Brendan Lepschi in Australian Systematic Botany from a specimen collected near Goomalling. The specific epithet (atroviridis) is from the Latin ater meaning "black" and viridis meaning "green", referring to the dark green colour of the foliage of this species.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca occurs in and between the Coorow, Perenjori, Wubin, Yellowdine, Beaufort River, Pingrup and Varley districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo bieogeographic regions. It grows in woodland, shrubland and samphire on a range of soils and on saline sites, including those on degraded land.

## Conservation status

This species is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## Uses

Melaleuca atroviridis is one of the species used in the production of brushwood fencing and is sometimes cultivated for that purpose. Tests have shown that it grows well in sand that is saline but not so well on salt affected loam or clay.
# Melaleuca araucarioides

Melaleuca araucarioides is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to a small area of the south-west Western Australia. It is a many-branched shrub with the leaves arranged in a way that gives the plant the appearance of a conifer.

## Description

Melaleuca araucarioides is a small to medium tree, about 0.5–1.5 m (2–5 ft) high and wide with rough bark. Its leaves are fleshy and glabrous, about 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) long and 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide. They are crowded and arranged in groups of three forming six rows of leaves along the branches.
The flowers are pale cream-coloured in one or two heads on the ends of the younger branches or often on older wood. The heads of flowers are about 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in) in diameter. As with other melaleucas, the stamens are joined in bundles and in this species there are usually only 3 stamens per bundle. Flowers appear in spring and are followed by fruit which are woody capsules 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.14 in) long, 2–4.3 mm (0.08–0.2 in) in diameter forming small, tight clusters with the thickened sepals remaining as teeth.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca araucarioides was first formally described in 1988 by Bryan Barlow in Nuytsia (journal) as a new species. It had formerly been included in Melaleuca blaeriifolia Turcz. to which it is closely related. The specific epithet (araucarioides) "alludes to the superficial resemblance of the leafy shoots to those of the gymnosperm genus Araucaria Juss.". It is distuished from M. blaeriifolia mainly on the basis of the distinctive, regular leaf arrangement and the smaller size of the fruits.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca is confined to the Ongerup-Cape Riche area in the Esperance plains and Mallee biogeographic regions of Western Australia. It grows in well-drained sandy or loamy soils in heaths or open woodlands.

## Conservation status

Melaleuca araucarioides is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Sackville (band)

Sackville was a Canadian musical group based in Montreal that played what has been classified as country and pop, although their style resembles more folk, rock and avantgarde. They formed in 1994 and recorded their first album in 1996.
Sackville disbanded in 2001, but many members have gone on to play in other bands, including: Wild Lawns and Black Ox Orkestar (Gabriel Levine), Hangedup (Genevieve Heistek and Eric Craven), Re: and Thee Silver Mt. Zion Memorial Orchestra & Tra-La-La Band (Ian Ilavsky), Triple Burner (Harris Newman - also solo), The Carnations (Pat Conan) and The Red and the Black, Haywood, Cherubino, The Trouble with Sweeney (Rob Viola).

## Discography
### Albums

* These Last Songs (1998)
* Natural Life (2001)

### EPs

* Low Ebb E.P. (1996)
* The Principles of Science (1999)

### Singles

* "My Beautiful Bride" b/w "Destroy, Destroy" (1999) (7" split w/ The Handsome Family)
# Sackville Carden

Admiral Sir Sackville Hamilton Carden, KCMG (3 May 1857 – 6 May 1930) was a senior Royal Navy officer. He is chiefly remembered for his failure to force the Turkish defenses in the Dardanelles during the First World War, which led to the launch of the ill-fated Gallipoli campaign.

## Early life and career

Carden was born in Barnane near Templemore in County Tipperary, Ireland, the third son of Captain Andrew Carden of the 60th Rifles and Anne Berkeley, eldest daughter of Lieutenant-General Sackville Hamilton Berkeley. Although both his father and grandfather had served in the British Army, he elected for a naval career and joined the Royal Navy in 1870.
Carden's early career was marked by service in Egypt and the Sudan and later, under Harry Rawson, in the Benin Expedition of 1897. He was promoted to captain in December 1899, and in May 1901 was commissioned in command of HMS Immortalité, seagoing tender to the Wildfire, flagship at Sheerness. He was on 16 October 1902 appointed in command of the battleship HMS Magnificent, serving as flagship to rear-admiral Assheton Curzon-Howe, second in command of the Channel Squadron, and took her to visit Gibraltar and Tetuan the following week. In 1908, he was promoted rear admiral.
After two years on half-pay, he was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, and raised his flag aboard HMS London for one year. Following his return to London, he was posted to the Admiralty until August 1912, at which point he was appointed Admiral Superintendent of Malta Dockyard.

## First World War

In September 1914, he was appointed Commander of the Eastern Mediterranean Squadron operating in the Mediterranean, under the leadership of a French admiral. Following the Ottoman Empire's entry into the war on the side of the Central Powers in November 1914, Carden was asked by the British Admiralty to develop a strategy to force open the Dardanelles (Canakkale Bogazi) in January of the following year.
Carden's plan called for the systematic destruction of Turkish fortifications along the Dardanelles while advancing slowly up the strait, in addition to extensive minesweeping operations. Initially commander-in-chief of British naval forces during the Dardanelles campaign, Carden was successful in early offensives against Turkish defences from 19 February until early March, when he was relieved of command owing to his failing health and strain of anxiety which proved too much for him causing a nervous breakdown and was replaced by Admiral John de Robeck.
Resigning from the Royal Navy two years later with the rank of admiral, Carden lived in retirement until his death in 1930.
# Medwyn

Medwyn may refer to:

## People

* John Hay Forbes, Lord Medwyn (1776–1854), British judge
* Medwyn Williams, 20th-21st century prize-winning Welsh gardener

## Other uses

* Medwyn, a character in The Chronicles of Prydain, by Lloyd Alexander
# Medwyn Evans

Medwyn John Evans (born 8 November 1964) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He made appearances in the English Football League with Wrexham.
He also played in the Welsh leagues for Bangor City, Bethesda Athletic, Glantraeth, Bodedern Athletic and Llannerch-y-medd, the latter of which he went on to be an assistant manager at.

## Personal life

Evans had two sons, Chris and Deion. Chris was an apprentice at Wrexham and played for Bangor City and Llannerch-y-medd. and Deion was an apprentice at Tranmere Rovers. Chris died in 2015 aged 27.