OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ringgold Gap Battlefield

The Ringgold Gap Battlefield, in Catoosa County, Georgia, preserves the scene of the Battle of Ringgold Gap in the American Civil War.
According to the National Park Service:
   At Ringgold Gap, a pass nestled between White Oak Mountain and Taylor Ridge, Major General Patrick Cleburne, leader of the Confederate Army of Tennessee, successfully halted Union Army advances through Georgia. The outcome of this November 1863 battle prolonged the Civil War and significantly delayed Federal troops from reaching the Confederate stronghold of Atlanta. The engagement between Major Generals Hooker and Cleburne led to Cleburne's fame as the Confederacy's "Stonewall of the West." Major General Cleburne protected the pass with strategic troop placement and concealment. The Army of Tennessee did not open fire until Union troops were within 100 yards, resulting in the loss of 500 Union troops; many of both sides were wounded.
   Ringgold Gap Battlefield listing also includes a monument erected in 1898 by the state of New York to recognize the New York Brigade's (Union) participation in the battle, and the Ringgold Gap Wayside Park. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) begun the Ringgold Gap Wayside Park project in 1939 and the National Park Service completed the wayside signs and park area. The bronze plaques commemorate the historic event at this site and its role in two important campaigns of the Civil War, the Chickamauga-Chattanooga Campaign and the Atlanta Campaign.
The site was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on March 12, 2011. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service's weekly list of March 18, 2011.
A small pocket park in Ringgold Gap commemorates the battle. A monument to soldiers from New York who sustained heavy casualties stands near Tiger Creek at the Ringgold Water Treatment Plant. A new monument in honor of Major General Patrick Cleburne and his men is located in the small pocket park. The nearby Western and Atlantic Depot still shows scars from the damage it received from artillery fire during the battle. The Ringgold Gap Battlefield was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
# Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve protects 110,000 acres of coastal lands and waters at the northern end of the Ten Thousand Islands on the gulf coast of Florida, representing one of the few remaining undisturbed mangrove estuaries in North America.
Its ecosystem is a prime example of a nearly pristine subtropical mangrove forested estuary. It is located in the West Florida subregion of the West Indian Biogeographic Region.

## History

A 10-mile loop road through Rookery Bay was proposed in 1963 which would have facilitated vast coastal development around Rookery Bay. The Collier County Conservancy, the Nature Conservancy, the Collier Audubon Society, and a number of private investors, began a grass roots effort which resulted in the purchase of 3,362 acres which eventually became the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Sanctuary, with official designation by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 1980. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve.

## Activities

Friends of Rookery Bay is a non-profit organization that supports the reserve's fundraising goals. Many of Rookery Bay's research and resource management projects are completed by volunteers. Team OCEAN is a volunteer partnership between Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida Sea Grant and other community contributors that follows the model set at the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The Team OCEAN volunteers frequently visit areas in the Reserve where people make recurring visits, ensuring that boaters practice ethical procedures and are aware of "Leave-No-Trace" guidelines. Volunteers also clean waste where needed. Rookery Bay teaches approximately many students each year through field trips. Estuary Explorers is a program organized for fourth-grade students and Rookery Bay Survivors is organized for seventh-grade students. Reserve resource managers facilitate land acquisition, conduct habitat and hydrology restoration projects, eradicate and control invasive plants and animals, protect listed species, respond to marine mammal strandings, manage important habitats and conduct prescribed fires to sustain native biodiversity. The reserve also offers seasonal guided boat and kayak tours. Researchers from a wide array of wildlife specializations study at Rookery Bay and the reserve uses the scientists' information to oversee its resources.
# Queen Victoria Police Jubilee Medal

A Police Jubilee Medal was awarded to those on duty at Queen Victoria's Golden and Diamond Jubilee celebrations.

## Eligibility

The Police Golden Jubilee Medal was sanctioned by Queen Victoria in 1887 as an award to all members of the Metropolitan and City of London Police on duty in London during the official Golden Jubilee celebrations, including the Jubilee procession on 21 June 1887.
Ten years later, the Police Diamond Jubilee Medal was awarded for duty at the principal Diamond Jubilee events on the same basis as the 1887 medal, eligibility having been widened to include firemen and members of ambulance units. Those in possession of the earlier Golden Jubilee Police Medal who again qualified, received a dated clasp to be fixed to their existing medal.

## Award

Below are the number of medals awarded, the wording of the service being that inscribed on the medal:
| Service inscribed on medal | 1887: medals | 1897: medals | 1897: clasps |
| Metropolitan Police | 14,000 | 7,481 | 8,708 |
| City of London Police | 900 | 535 | 485 |
| London County Council Metropolitan Fire Brigade | – | 950 | – |
| St John Ambulance Brigade | – | 910 | – |
| Police Ambulance | – | 210 | – |
| Total | 14,900 | 10,086 | 9,193 |

## Description

The medal and ribbon were identical for the 1887 and 1897 medal, with the exception of the year inscribed on the reverse.
The medal is of bronze, 1.4 inches (36 mm) in diameter and has a plain straight ribbon bar.
* Obverse: A left-facing bust of the Queen, designed by L. C. Wyon, with the inscription VICTORIA REGINA.
* Reverse: An oak wreath surmounted by a crown. Within the wreath is the inscription JUBILEE OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA with, outside, the name of the service in which the recipient served and, below, the date of the jubilee – either 1887 or 1897.
* Clasp: A bronze clasp inscribed 1897, attached to the suspension bar of the 1887 medal.
* Ribbon: Plain dark blue, 1.25 inches (32 mm) wide.
* The recipient's rank, name and division were engraved on the edge of the medal.
* The medal was worn in date order with other Royal commemorative medals. These were worn before campaign medals until November 1918, after which the order of wear was changed, with such medals now worn after campaign medals and before long service awards.
# Mahnaz Rahman

Mahnaz Rahman (Urdu: مہناز رحمن ) (born 16 June 1949) is a Pakistani journalist, writer, and women's rights activist. A former socialist leader in the National Students Federation (NSF), she received China's "Friendship Award" for her "outstanding contributions to the country's economic and social progress".

## Personal life

Mahnaz Rahman, born in Karachi in 1949, studied at Karachi University, where she joined the National Students Federation (NSF). She became the first female vice president of the Economics Society in the largest department at the University at the time, after winning an election on the NSF platform.

## Journalistic career

After graduation, Rahman joined Daily Musawat Karachi, working in the magazine section with editor Ahfazur Rahman, whom she later married. Together, they actively participated in the movement against Zia-ul-Haq's dictatorship. Following Musawat's closure, she worked at Weekly Mehvar and later at Daily Amn.

## In China

In 1985, Rahman moved to China with her family due to her husband's blacklisting, staying there until 1993. During this time, she wrote two regular columns, "Letters from China" for Daily Jang and "Letters from Beijing" for Weekly Akhbar-e-Jahan. She also translated several works of Chinese literature into Urdu. In 1991, the Chinese government honoured her with the Friendship Award (China) for her "outstanding contributions to the country's economic and social progress."

## Aurat Foundation

After returning to Pakistan, Rahman joined various NGOs and later served nearly 20 years at the Aurat Foundation, including as Resident Director Sindh. During her tenure, the organisation advocated for and contributed to implementing several laws and safeguards for women.

### Activism

* Activism for women's rights in particular pro-women legislation
* Journalists trade union activities including taking part in freedom of press movements

### In newspapers as

* Foreign Expert, China Pictorial, Beijing 1990-1993
* Assistant Editor Daily Amn, 1982-1985
* Assistant Editor, Weekly Mehvar 1979-1982
* Sub Editor Daily Musawaat, 1973-77
# Ṣ

Ṣ (minuscule: ṣ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from an S with the addition of a dot below the letter. Its uses include:
* In the Alvarez/Hale orthography of the Tohono Oʼodham language to represent retroflex [ʂ] (Akimel O'odham and Saxton/Saxton use <sh> instead)
* the transliteration of Indic languages to represent retroflex [ʂ]
* the transcription of Afro-Asiatic languages (mostly Semitic languages) to represent an "emphatic s" [sˤ] as in Arabic ص (Ṣād) and as in the Hebrew צ (Tzadi/Ṣādī) spoken by the Jews of Yemen and North Africa
* the orthography of Yoruba in Nigeria to represent the voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant (the English "sh" sound)
In HTML these are Ṣ: &#7778; and ṣ: &#7779;.
The Unicode codepoints are U+1E62 for Ṣ and U+1E63 for ṣ in Latin Extended Additional range.
# Epitaph of Gllavenica

The Epitaph of Gllavenica (Albanian: Epitafi I Gllavenicës) is a 14th-century epitaph, written on a shroud, and embroidered by a monk named Savia from Ballsh, Albania. Its name stems from the ancient name of Ballsh. The shroud is made of silk, linen and gold, and symbolizes the burial cloth of Jesus, used in Orthodox Good Friday's processions.
Technically, stylistically and in the decorative motifs, it is one of the most perfect artifacts of this genre in the Balkans. The Epitaph represents the dead Christ lying on a linen, Saint Mary, John, other Four Evangelists, prophets and angels with spread wings. It was commissioned by the Albanian ruler Gjergj Arianiti in 1373.
In 1994, the shroud was stolen from the National Historical Museum of Albania in Tirana.
In 2005 an international symposium assessed that the shroud should be restored for the amount of 25-50k Euros because it risks to be irreparably deteriorated and damaged from the lights of the Albanian National Museum.
# Ralph Milbanke Hudson

Ralph Milbanke Hudson (1849 — 6 March 1938) was an English shipowner and politician.

## Life

He was born in 1849 in The Boldons, the son of Ralph Milbanke Hudson the elder, of Oak Lea, Witton Gilbert, County Durham. He was educated privately and abroad.
Hudson joined the family shipowning business, R. M. Hudson & Sons, of Tavistock House, Sunderland. From 1882 he was a member of the River Wear Commissioners, representing coal owners.
In 1895, the company, with other British partners, bought into meat-packing premises on the River Plate; and the SS Meath and SS Wexford began in the meat trade with Argentina, to 1886, followed by a period where they were chartered more generally. By 1912, R. M. Hudson & Sons was running a regular cargo trade with Argentina.
In 1918, Hudson was elected as Unionist Member of Parliament for Sunderland. He held the seat until 1922.
He represented Sunderland with Lloyds Register of Shipping, was chairman of the finance committee of the Shipping Federation, and a member of the council of the International Shipping Federation.

## Death

Hudson died in Yarm, aged 89, on 6 March 1938.

## Family

Hudson married, in 1883, Eliza Westropp Palliser, daughter of Graham Palliser of Plymouth.
# The Joyful Season

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Joyful Season is a 1964 Christmas album by Jo Stafford. It is unique in that it features Stafford accompanying herself as a vocal choir through the use of multitrack recording. The album was reissued on CD in 2005 by DRG.

## Track listing
### Side 1

* "Little Drummer Boy"
* "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town"
* "Deck the Halls"
* "White Christmas"
* "Jingle Bells"
* "Merry Christmas"

### Side 2

* "Christmas is the Season (of the Bells)"
* "O Little Town of Bethlehem"
* "Silver Bells"
* "Winter Wonderland"
* "Silent Night"

### CD bonus tracks

* "Gesu Bambino"
* "Ave Maria"
* "Christmas Medley #1: Hark the Herald Angels Sing/The First Noel/O Come All Ye Faithful" (with Gordon MacRae)
* "Christmas Medley #2: Joy to the World/It Came Upon a Midnight Clear" (with Gordon MacRae)
* "Toys for Tots"
# Parbona Ami Chartey Tokey

Parbona Ami Chartey Tokey (English: I can not leave you) is a 2015 Bengali romantic comedy film directed by Raj Chakraborty and produced by Shree Venkatesh Films and Surinder Films. This film is a remake of the 2013 Telugu film Uyyala Jampala. The film illustrates love story and family drama – with Bonny Sengupta and newcomer Koushani Mukherjee playing the lead characters. The music is composed by Indradeep Dasgupta.

## Plot

The whole film is narrated by Shibu who is running back to confess his love to Apu. Shibu and Apu quarrel since their childhood which starts from the time of the latter's birth. Apu is the daughter of the friend of Bonny's father. Apu's family and his parents live in a mansion while Shibu and his widowed mother live in a small house exactly beside the mansion in a modernized yet naturally scenic village.

## Cast

* Bonny Sengupta as Shibnath a.k.a. Shibu
* Koushani Mukherjee as Aparna Roy a.k.a. Apu
* Swastika Dutta as Apu's friend
* Kharaj Mukherjee as Apu's father
* Mainak Banerjee as Apu's fake boyfriend
* Tulika Basu as Shibu's mother
* Debomoy Mukherjee as Shibu's friend
* Moushumi Saha as Apu's mother
* Pinky Mallik as Apu's housemaid
* Chhanda Karanjee as Apu's grandmother
* Sourav Chatterjee as Apu's fiancé

## Soundtrack

All lyrics are written by Prasen (Prasenjit Mukherjee); all music is composed by Indradeep Dasgupta
# Ri Yong-mu

Ri Yong-mu (Korean: 리용무; 25 January 1925 – 27 January 2022) was a North Korean senior official who was a member of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea, vice-chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea and vice-marshal of the Korean People's Army. He was the oldest member of the central leadership of North Korea.

## Biography

Ri was born in South Pyo'ngan Province, Pyo'ngso'ng in Korea, Empire of Japan on 25 January 1925. He attended the second central political school.

### Under Kim Il Sung (1948–1994)

After the establishment of North Korea, Ri was named military attache to the North Korean embassy in the People's Republic of China.
In 1964 he was made first vice-chairman of the Politburo of the Korean People's Army (not to be confused with the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea) and promoted to lieutenant general.
At the 5th Congress of the Workers' Party in 1970 he was elected to the Central Committee. In 1973 he was promoted to general and made chairman of the Politburo of the Korean People's Army. He was subsequently elected to the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea in 1974.
Ri was purged in 1977 and demoted to a low administrative position. He was however rehabilitated a decade later and made an alternate member of the 6th Central Committee in 1988, to be finally restored to full central committee member in 1989.

### Under Kim Jong Il (1994–2011)

Ri was elected to the National Defence Commission in 1998, being also promoted to the second highest military rank of vice-marshal. He was reelected in 2003 and 2009. As the Workers' Party politburo, central military commission and central committee were de facto suspended under Kim Jong Il's "military first" policy from 1994 to 2010, the National Defence Commission became in practice the highest decision-making body in the country and Ri hence part of the innermost circle of power.
When in 2010 Kim Jong Il revived Workers' Party operations after 16 years of dormancy, Ri was also elected to the politburo.

### Under Kim Jong Un (2011–2022)

Upon the death of Kim Jong Il in 2011, Ri was ranked 13th in the funeral committee. This presumably corresponds to his ceremonial rank in the top leadership at that time.
Ri retained his place in the Politburo at the 4th Party Conference in 2012, and was reelected to the National Defence Commission by the 13th Supreme People's Assembly.

### Death

Ri died from a myocardial infarction on 27 January 2022, at the age of 97 just two days after his birthday.
# Jim Bishop (bishop)

Clifford Leofric Purdy "Jim" Bishop was the Suffragan Bishop of Malmesbury from 1962 until 1973 in the Church of England.

## Life

He was born on 11 June 1908 and educated at St. John's School, Leatherhead and Christ's College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1933 and later Vicar of St George's, Camberwell, he was also Rural Dean of Walsingham and then Wearmouth until his ordination to the episcopate. He died on 1 September 1994.
# John Dowson

John Dowson M.R.A.S.(1820–1881) was a British indologist. A noted scholar of Hinduism, he taught in India for much of his life. His book Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology remains one of the most comprehensive and authoritative works on the topic.

## Life

He was born at Uxbridge, and studied Eastern languages under his uncle Edwin Norris, whom he assisted for some years at the Royal Asiatic Society. He subsequently became a tutor at the East India Company College. In 1855, he was made professor of Hindustani both at University College, London, and at the Staff College, Sandhurst, a post he held till 1877. He died 23 August 1881.

## Works

Dowson's duties as professor suggested his Grammar of the Urdu or Hindustani Language (1862), and he also translated one of the tracts of the Ikhwānu-s-Safa, or Brotherhood of Purity. His major work was The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period, which he edited from the papers of Henry Miers Elliot, in eight volumes (1867–77). He compiled the Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, History and Literature (1879), and contributed to the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. His theory of the Invention of the Indian Alphabet, claiming a Hindu origin, met with little support.
# Mark Bomani

Judge Mark Bomani (2 January 1932 – 10 September 2020) served as the second Attorney General of Tanzania from 1965 to 1976. Later he was a judge and ran a private law practice.

## Political History

Bomani was the Attorney General of Tanzania from 1965 to 1976 and was the first attorney general to be born in Tanzania. After serving in the government, he became a senior legal advisory in the United Nations between 1976 and 1990, working towards Namibian independence from South Africa and working to devise an independent legal system for the country.
Bomani had great international negotiation experience and was also the chief aide to both Julius Nyerere and Nelson Mandela on peace negotiations during the first Burundian Civil War.
# Mark Templeton (electronic musician)

Mark Templeton (born 1976) is a Canadian experimental electronic artist. Templeton's works are released by New York City record label Anticipate Recordings.

## Background

Templeton utilizes acoustic instruments, found sounds and sampled material to construct textured, collage-like electronic compositions His style has been called 'glitchy', but also 'painterly', in an attempt to describe his deconstruction and crumbling of instruments' traditional voices.
His works have been commissioned by organizations of contemporary dance, film and audiovisual disciplines. Collaborations with experimental filmmakers aAron Munson and Kyle Armstrong and sound artists Nicola Ratti and Ezekiel Honig have produced numerous works on various formats.
Templeton has performed at international festivals and alternative spaces such as MUTEK (Montreal), Unsound Festival (Kraków), send+receive: a festival of sound (Winnipeg), Eat This Festival (Utrecht), Galapagos (New York), Latitude 53 (Edmonton) and Suoni Per Il Popolo Festival (Montreal).

## Discography

* Fields Awake (2005, Independent) [CD+DVD]
* Frail as Breath (2005, Independent/Robotopera)
* Standing on a Hummingbird (2007, Anticipate Recordings)
* Acre Loss (2009, Anticipate Recordings) [CD+DVD]
* Inland (2009, Anticipate Recordings)
* Sea Point (2009, Anticipate Recordings) [12" vinyl]
* Ballads (2010, Independent)
* Scotch Heart (2011, Sweat Lodge Guru) [cassette]
* Mark Templeton Mort Aux Vaches (2011, Staalplaat)
* Jealous Heart (2013, Under the Spire) [12" vinyl]
* EXTENSIONS (2015, Graphical) [12" vinyl+DVD]
* Gentle Heart (2017, Graphical) [12" vinyl]
* Distorted Tourist (2018, Graphical) [photobook+five one-sided flexi disc records]
* Ocean Front Property (2020, Senufo Editions) [CD]
* Ocean Front Property (2021, The Ice Plant and Graphical) [photobook+limited edition cassette]
* Western Sunset (2021, SUPERPANG) [digital]
* Office Swan (2021, Granny Records) [cassette]
* Inner Light (2024, enmossed) [cassette]
* Two Verses (2024, Faitiche) [12" vinyl]
# Maria Oudeman

Maria Johanna (Marjan) Oudema (born 1958) was president of Utrecht University until 2017. As of 2018, she was also a director of the Concertgebouw, the Rijksmuseum, Solvay SA, Aalberts (then Aalberts Industries) and SHV Holdings and was a director of Norwegian oil and gas company Equinor (formerly Statoil) from 2012 until 2018. She was previously a member of the executive committee of Akzo Nobel and executive director Strip Products Division at Corus Group (now Tata Steel Europe).
She has a law degree from the University of Groningen and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Rochester (New York) and Erasmus University Rotterdam.
# Martínez Campos

Martínez Campos was the home stadium of Racing de Madrid between 1918 and 1930. They played before in Campo de Hermosilla for 1 year, and in Campo de La Exposición for 3 years. In 1930 Racing de Madrid moved to play their home games in Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas for another 2 years before dissolving in 1932.
Martínez Campos hosted the 1919 Copa del Rey Final when Arenas Club de Getxo won the cup with a 5–2 scoreline against FC Barcelona.
# James O'Callaghan

James O'Callaghan (17 October 1743 – 14 February 1836) was an Anglo-Irish politician. He was member of parliament for Tregony from 1806 to 1812, and again from 1818 to 1826.
His nephew Cornelius O'Callaghan was MP in Ireland.
# Matti Lähde

Matti Ensio Lähde (14 May 1911, Joutseno – 2 May 1978) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1930s. He won a gold medal at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the 4 × 10 km relay.

## Cross-country skiing results
### Olympic Games

* 1 medal – (1 gold)
| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1936 | 24 | 15 | — | Gold |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km | 4 × 10 km  relay |
| 1938 | 26 | 16 | — | — |