OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cold filter plugging point

Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) is the lowest temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C), at which a given volume of diesel type of fuel still passes through a standardized filtration device in a specified time when cooled under certain conditions. This test gives an estimate for the lowest temperature that a fuel will give trouble free flow in certain fuel systems. This is important as in cold temperate countries, a high cold filter plugging point will clog up vehicle engines more easily.
The test is important in relation to the use of additives that allow spreading the usage of winter diesel at temperatures below the cloud point. The tests according to EN 590 show that a cloud point of +1 °C can have a CFPP −10 °C. Current additives allow a CFPP of −20 °C to be based on diesel fuel with a cloud point of −7 °C.
The trustworthiness of the EN 590 have been criticized as being too low for modern diesel motors – the German ADAC has run a test series on customary winter diesel in a cold chamber. All diesel brands did exceed the legal minimum by 3 to 11 degrees in the laboratory according to the legal DIN test. One of the real diesel motors however stopped working even before the legal minimum was reached, presumably due to an undersized filter heater. Notably the experiments did not show a direct correlation between the CFPP value of the mineral oil and the cold start capability of the diesel motors – hence the automobile club suggest the creation of a new test standard.

## Test method

The ASTM number for the test method to define cold filter plugging point is ASTM D6371.
# Bader Jamous

Bader Jamous (Arabic: بدر جاموس; born 1968) is a Syrian diplomat and politician who is the president of the Syrian Negotiation Commission.

## Career

In 2012, Jamous was one of the founders of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces. In 2022, he was elected as the president of the Syrian Negotiation Commission.
# Wallace T. MacCaffrey

Wallace Trevethic MacCaffrey (April 20, 1920 – December 13, 2013) was Professor Emeritus of History at Harvard University. He was a graduate of Reed College and Harvard University. He also taught at the University of California, Los Angeles and Haverford College. Among his awards is a Guggenheim fellowship. He was a leading scholar of Elizabethan England, best known for his trilogy of books, The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime (1968), Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572-1588 (1981) and Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588-1603 (1992).
He died, aged 93, on 13 December 2013 at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, following a short illness and is buried at St Andrew's church, Girton.

## Chairmanships at Harvard

MacCaffrey served as the Harvard History chair twice, and presided over a period of turmoil in the department.

## Reed donation

He gave Reed College a $1 million donation in 2006.
# Grey James Grove

Grey James Grove (1682 – 1742) of Pool Hall, Alveley, Shropshire, was a British Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons in two parliaments between 1715 and 1741.
Grove was baptized on 10 November 1682, the eldest son of James Grove of Alveley, serjeant-at-law, and his wife Anne Grey, daughter of Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby MP. He married Penelope Jermyn, daughter of Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn MP.
At the 1715 British general election, Grey was returned as Member of Parliament for Bewdley on the interest of Lord Herbert of Chirbury. He voted with the Administration except on the Peerage Bill, when he abstained. He did not stand at the 1722 British general election and was out of parliament for over ten years. He was High Sheriff of Shropshire from 1730 to 1731 and succeeded his father in 1734. He stood again at the 1734 British general election when he was elected in a contest at Bridgnorth on the Whitmore interest. He voted for the Spanish convention in 1739 and abstained on the place bill in 1740. He did not stand at the 1741 British general election.
Grove died in April 1742, leaving two sons.
# Ramón Miérez

Ramón Nazareno Miérez (born 13 May 1997) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for UAE Pro League club Al Jazira.

## Career

On 14 June 2019, Miérez signed for Deportivo Alavés in Spain. On 5 August, however, he was loaned to Segunda División side CD Tenerife for one year.
On 27 August 2020, Miérez went to NK Osijek on loan. Miérez signed a permanent deal with Osijek following the successful loan.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 7 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Tigre | 2016 | Argentine Primera División | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| Tigre | 2016–17 | Argentine Primera División | 20 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 2 |
| Tigre | 2017–18 | Argentine Primera División | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 8 | 1 |
| Tigre | Total | Total | 30 | 4 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 32 | 4 |
| Istra (loan) | 2018–19 | Prva HNL | 22 | 9 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 23 | 10 |
| Tenerife (loan) | 2019–20 | Segunda División | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 1 |
| Osijek (loan) | 2020–21 | Prva HNL | 31 | 22 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 35 | 23 |
| Osijek | 2021–22 | Prva HNL | 28 | 3 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 4 | 0 | 36 | 4 |
| Osijek | 2022–23 | Prva HNL | 32 | 12 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 36 | 12 |
| Osijek | 2023–24 | Prva HNL | 34 | 19 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 41 | 21 |
| Osijek | 2024–25 | Prva HNL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Osijek | Total | Total | 125 | 56 | 12 | 3 | — | — | 13 | 4 | 150 | 63 |
| Al Jazira | 2024–25 | UAE Pro League | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 11 | 5 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 206 | 73 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 236 | 83 |

## Honours

Individual
* Croatian Football League Team of the Year: 2023–24
* Croatian Football League Top score: 2023–24
# Charles L. Bartlett (mayor)

Charles Lamonso Bartlett (June 20, 1851 – April 8, 1898) was an American baker and politician in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. He served as the 5th Mayor of Marlborough, Massachusetts.

## Biography

Bartlett was born in Norwich, Vermont and worked as a baker. He was a member of the Common Council, and from 1896 to 1897 was the Mayor of Marlborough, Massachusetts.
# Rev7 Gum

Rev7 Gum was a chewing gum, which after chewing is to some extent removable and biodegradable. The idea behind the gum's composition was developed by Professor Terence Cosgrove at the University of Bristol and it was developed by the British company Revolymer.
Rev7 is designed to be a low adhesive gum that, unlike conventional gum, can be easily removed from a variety of surfaces, and which degrades and disperses over a short time-scale when in contact with water.

## Composition

Conventional chewing gums use poly(styrene-co-butadiene) or poly(ethylene-co-vinylacetate). In contrast, Rev7 Gum contains an amphiphilic material, containing both hydrophobic (water repellent) and hydrophilic (water attracting) regions, which aids in the degradability and removability of the substance. It is composed of a polyisoprene backbone and grafts of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and has a CAS number of 1246080-53-4.

## Development

The polymer was developed at the University of Bristol in an effort to curb pollution issues, due to regular chewing gum, which are prevalent in the United Kingdom. Britain spends over £150 million annually (as of 2008) on gum cleanup efforts, using techniques such as high pressure steam hoses, corrosive materials, and freezing machines to help remove this synthetic material from sidewalks and other public spaces.
Its name is derived from the word "revolution" (Rev), and the number of attempts it took to achieve the degradable gum (7). Rev7 has two flavours: Natural Peppermint and Natural Spearmint.

## Availability
### United Kingdom

Rev7 launched in Spring 2012.

### United States

Rev7 was on the US market from 4 October 2010 to December 2012, when it was withdrawn due to low sales.
It was available at multiple retailers, including 7-Eleven, Huck's Market, Mobil, BP and Weigel's, as well as Rev 7's online store.
# Aung Than

Aung Than (Burmese: အောင်သန်း) is a Burmese professor of dentistry, and the first rector of the Institute of Medicine, Yangon from 1964 to 1982. He later became Myanmar's ambassador to Australia.
# Ko Ko (academic)

Ko Ko (Burmese: ပါမောက္ခ ဒေါက်တာကိုကို; born 13 November 1960) is a Burmese dental professor who currently serves as rector of the University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay.

## Early life and education

Ko was born in Yangon, Myanmar, on 13 November 1960. He graduated from University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, in July 1986. He received M.D.Sc in 1996 and Dr.D.Sc in 2014.
# Canton of Saint-Laurent-de-la-Salanque

The Canton of Saint-Laurent-de-la-Salanque is a former French canton of Pyrénées-Orientales department, in Languedoc-Roussillon. It had 23,314 inhabitants (2012).

## Composition

The canton of Saint-Laurent-de-la-Salanque comprised 5 communes:
* Saint-Laurent-de-la-Salanque
* Le Barcarès
* Claira
* Saint-Hippolyte
* Torreilles
# Thomas Hallifax

Sir Thomas Hallifax (23 February 1722 – 7 February 1789), of Gordon House, Enfield, Middlesex, was an English banker, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament.
He was born the younger son of a Barnsley clockmaker and moved to London, where he found work as a bank clerk. He rose to be chief clerk before leaving to found a bank of his own, Vere, Glyn & Hallifax Bank, with fellow banker Joseph Vere and merchant Richard Glyn, which later became Glyn, Mills & Co. He was made an alderman of London in 1766 and elected Lord Mayor of London for 1776–77. He was knighted on 5 February 1773.
He was briefly a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Coventry from December 1780 to February 1781 before being unseated on petition but then returned unopposed for Aylesbury to sit from 1784 to 1789.
He died in 1789, leaving a fortune estimated at £100,000. He had married twice, firstly Penelope, the daughter of Richard Thomson of Ewell, Surrey and secondly Margaret, the daughter and coheiress of wealthy merchant John Saville of Enfield, Middlesex. He had two sons, Thomas and Savile, by his second wife, of whom Thomas became a partner in the bank.
# Brackley Kennett

Brackley Kennett was a British merchant who served as Sheriff of London in 1765 and Lord Mayor of London from 1779 to 1780. During his time in office the Gordon Riots broke out and his response to the rioting proved controversial. He failed to read the Riot Act, or to offer additional protection to threatened communities, and it was even alleged that he was broadly sympathetic to the rioters.
In 1781 Kennett was convicted of criminal negligence for his conduct during the Riots and fined £1,000.
# Crithote

Crithote is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1864.

## Species

* Crithote horripides Walker, 1864
* Crithote pannicula (Swinhoe, 1904)
* Crithote prominens Leech, 1900
# Tarik Dam

Tarik Dam (Persian: سد تاریک) is a dam on the Sefīd-Rūd river in the Alborz mountain range, about 32 km (20 mi) south of Rasht in Gilan Province, northern Iran.
It is located 35 km (22 mi) downstream of the Sefidrud Dam. The dam was completed in 1977 to distribute releases from the Sefidrud Dam for irrigation paddy fields and river regulation purposes.
A hydroelectric power station, with an installed capacity of 2.8 MW, was under construction in 2013 as part of the dam's structure.

## Tarik Dam power plant

The Kaplan Tarik Dam power plant is a small scale project of the Iran Water Resources and Power Development Company, which was built 35 km downstream of Sefid Rood Reservoir Dam. The purpose of this plan is to produce 46.46 gigawatt hours of energy by controlling the flow of Sefidrud water with the Tarik dam power plant.

## Tarik dam forest park

One of the most beautiful sights in Gilan province is Dark dam Forest Park. This park is located on the southern bank of the Sefid Rood River, near Tarik Dam. One of the most beautiful sights of this park is a rainbow of dark green, red, yellow and purple colors in autumn. The green vegetation of the forest in all seasons is another characteristic of this forest. Among the animals found in this climate, we can mention badger, jackal, forest turtle, red breast, and woodpecker.
# Karl Eller

Karl Eller (June 20, 1928 – March 10, 2019) was an American businessman and entrepreneur.

## Early life

Eller grew up in Tucson, Arizona. He played football collegiately at the University of Arizona where he was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity.
In 1962, Eller purchased the Arizona operations of New York-based billboard advertising company Foster & Kleiser and built it into a major regional business. As a result of the influence garnered by his leadership of this firm, Eller became one of the founding investors of the NBA's Phoenix Suns in 1968, and it was Eller's ownership group that hired future Suns owner Jerry Colangelo as its inaugural general manager.
Eller merged the outdoor advertising business with KTAR radio and television in 1968 to form Combined Communications, Inc., which was absorbed by Gannett in 1979. At its height, Combined Communications owned 7 major metropolitan television stations, 14 major metropolitan radio stations, 12 American and 2 Canadian outdoor advertising companies and two metropolitan daily newspapers.
Eller would later go on to become the head of Columbia Pictures Communications, during which he helped with its parent company's 1983 merger with The Coca-Cola Company, and of the convenience store chain Circle K, which was based in Phoenix during Eller's tenure as CEO (1983–1990). During that time, Eller built Circle K into the second largest convenience store operation and the largest publicly owned convenience store chain in the U.S. with 4,641 stores in 32 states and an additional 1,386 licensed or joint venture stores in thirteen foreign countries. Under his leadership, the company grew from annual sales of $747 million to $3.4 billion. Circle K then declared bankruptcy and Eller resigned in 1990.
Eller was inducted into the Advertising Hall of Fame by the American Advertising Federation in March 2004 in New York City. Eller is also the first Arizonan and second outdoor advertising executive to be elected to the Advertising Hall of Fame.
Karl Eller is the namesake of the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona, where he was also an alumnus.

## Articles

* Miracle in a Glass — (Feb. 1979) Karl Eller, then President of Combined Communications Corp., gives a speech on November 15, 1978, dealing with the free enterprise system.

## Awards

* Eller received the 2016 Heritage Award from the Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

## Mentions

* Karl Eller's Big Thirst for Convenience Stores — (June 1988) Karl Eller, then Chairman of Phoenix, Arizona-based Circle K Corp., plans to mold Circle K into the industry's most aggressive, fastest-growing player. The number of Circle K stores tripled to about 4,600 under Eller's leadership, and sales soared to $2.3 billion from $747.8 million.
# Sailing at the 2023 Pan American Games – Men's Sunfish

The men's Sunfish competition of the sailing events at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago was held from October 28 to November 4 at the Cofradia Nautica del Pacifico.
Points were assigned based on the finishing position in each race (1 for first, 2 for second, etc.). The points were totaled from the top 9 results of the first 10 races, with lower totals being better. If a sailor was disqualified or did not complete the race, 9 points were assigned for that race (as there were 8 sailors in this competition). The top 5 sailors at that point competed in the final race, with placings counting double for final score. The sailor with the lowest total score won.
Lee Parkhill from Canada won the gold medal after finishing second in the medal race, ahead of his opponents for the title. Jean Paul de Trazegnies from Peru was the runner-up and Diego González from Chile, who entered the medal race fighting for the gold in the regatta, had a poor performance in the last race to win the bronze medal.

## Schedule

All times are (UTC-3).
| Date | Time | Round |
| October 28, 2023 | 16:15 | Races 1 and 2 |
| October 30, 2023 | 16:03 | Races 3, 4 and 5 |
| October 31, 2023 | 13:54 | Race 6 |
| November 1, 2023 | 16:05 | Races 7 and 8 |
| November 2, 2023 | 13:47 | Races 9 and 10 |
| November 4, 2023 | 12:05 | Medal race |

## Results

The results were as below. Race M is the medal race.
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Race | Total Points | Net Points |
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | M | Total Points | Net Points |
| | Lee Parkhill | Canada | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | (5) | 4 | 30 | 25 |
| | Jean Paul de Trazegnies | Peru | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | (5) | 2 | 4 | 6 | 33 | 28 |
| | Diego González | Chile | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | (7) | 2 | 8 | 38 | 31 |
| 4 | Marco Teixidor | Puerto Rico | 3 STP | (9) DSQ | 3 | 9 DSQ | 3 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 48 | 39 |
| 5 | Conner Blouin | United States | 5 | 7 | (8) | 7 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 59 | 51 |
| 6 | Diego Silvestre | Independent Athletes Team | (8) | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | — | 54 | 46 |
| 7 | Esneiry Pérez | Dominican Republic | (7) | 6 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | — | 60 | 53 |
| 8 | Marx Guevara | Venezuela | 6 | 5 | 7 | 5 | (9) DNF | 9 DNC | 9 DNC | 9 DNC | 9 DNC | 9 DNC | — | 77 | 68 |
# Paratrygon aiereba

Paratrygon aiereba also known as discus ray, manzana ray or ceja ray is a river stingray from the Amazon basin in South America.

## Appearance

This freshwater ray has small eyes and a disc shaped roughly like a lily pad (the snout is slightly concave). It is brownish above with a dark vermiculated or reticulated pattern.
It reaches up to 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in disc width and 110 kg (240 lb) in weight, making it one of the largest species in the family. There are unconfirmed claims of much larger individuals, but these are considered highly questionable. Most individuals do not surpass a disc width of 1.3 m (4.3 ft). Males reach maturity at a disc width of about 60 cm (2.0 ft) and females at about 72 cm (2.4 ft).

## Behavior

It mainly feeds on fish, but also take invertebrates such as insects and crustaceans, and it is a top predator in its habitat. Adults are found in relatively deep waters in main river channels, but move to shallower waters to feed at night. After a nine-month gestation, the female give birth to an average of two young with a disc width of about 16 cm (6.3 in). Juveniles are found in relatively shallow waters at sandy beaches and in creeks.
# Jeremy Nunley

Jody Jeremy Nunley (September 19, 1971 – February 5, 2018) was an American football defensive tackle. After a college career at Alabama, he spent three seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Houston Oilers in the second round of the 1994 NFL draft with the 60th overall pick.

## Personal life and death

Nunley was born to Jody and Edith Nunley in Tullahoma, Tennessee on September 19, 1971. Nunley was a national champion athlete at the University of Alabama and a professional football player in the National Football League. Nunley had two daughters, Karsyn and Raegan, who both attended the University of Alabama, with his wife, Marti Watson, who was a student-athlete on the 1991 National Championship Gymnastics team.
Nunley died suddenly of unknown causes at his home on February 5, 2018, at the age of 46.
# Sam Adkins (American football)

Samuel Adam Adkins (born May 21, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He attended Cleveland High School in Reseda, California, and played college football for the Wichita State Shockers in Kansas.
Adkins was a 10th round selection of the Seahawks in the 1977 NFL draft and played for them from 1977 to 1982 as a backup quarterback to Jim Zorn, and is the only member of the Seahawks to wear the number 12. In 1984, the number was retired in honor of the Seahawks fans.
Adkins was active for all 16 games during the 1978 season but did not see game action.
After hand surgery caused Adkins to miss the 1983 season, he retired.
He has since worked in broadcasting in the Seattle area, as the color commentator for the Washington Huskies football radio broadcasts and more extensively as a host and correspondent on the Seahawks postgame show.
He is married and has 4 children.
# 2009 in Iceland

The following lists events that happened in 2009 in Iceland.

## Incumbents

* President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
* Prime Minister – Geir Haarde (until 1 February), Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir (starting 1 February)
# Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent

A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine, and dopamine in the brain and body. SNDRAs produce euphoriant, entactogen, and psychostimulant effects, and are almost exclusively encountered as recreational drugs.
A closely related type of drug is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).

## Examples of SNDRAs

Examples of SNDRAs include specific amphetamines such as MDMA, MDA, 4-methylamphetamine, methamphetamine (in high doses), certain substituted benzofurans such as 5-APB and 6-APB, naphthylisopropylamine; cathinones such as mephedrone and methylone; tryptamines such as αMT and αET; along with agents of other chemical classes such as 4,4'-DMAR, and 5-IAI. αET and αMT are of special notability among SNDRAs in that those tryptamines were once used as pharmaceutical drugs, specifically as antidepressants, but were withdrawn shortly after introduction in the 1960s due to problems with toxicity and recreational use. Such tryptamines were originally thought to act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) before the signature monoamine-releasing actions were elucidated. Many years after being withdrawn, αET was also determined to produce serotonergic neurotoxicity, similarly to MDMA and various other SNDRAs; the same is very likely true for αMT as well, although it has not specifically been assessed.