OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hubbard Medal

The Hubbard Medal is awarded by the National Geographic Society for distinction in exploration, discovery, and research. The medal is named for Gardiner Greene Hubbard, first National Geographic Society president. It is made of gold and is traditionally presented by the President of the United States.

## Recipients

| Year | Name | Profession | Reason |
| 1906 | Robert Peary | polar explorer | Farthest north travel by a human. |
| 1907 | Roald Amundsen | polar explorer | First to transit the Northwest Passage. |
| 1909 | Robert Bartlett | polar explorer | Traveled the farthest to the North Pole. |
| 1910 | Sir Ernest Shackleton | polar explorer | |
| 1926 | Richard E. Byrd | polar explorer/aviator | First flight over the North Pole. |
| 1927 | Charles Lindbergh | aviator | First solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean |
| 1931 | Roy Chapman Andrews | Gobi Desert explorer | |
| 1934 | Anne Morrow Lindbergh | aviator | For serving as radio operator and copilot to her husband Charles on two flights in 1931 and 1933 |
| 1935 | Captain Orvil Arson Anderson and Captain Albert William Stevens | aeronauts | Record setting ascent in balloon Explorer II. |
| 1954 | British Mount Everest Expedition | mountaineers | First ascent of Mount Everest.(group award) |
| 1958 | Paul Allen Siple | polar explorer | Veteran of several Antarctic expeditions. |
| 1959 | Adm. Arleigh Burke Rear Adm. George J. Dufek | US Navy | Establishing Antarctic science stations. |
| 1962 | John Glenn | astronaut | First American to orbit Earth. |
| 1962 | Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey | anthropologist | |
| 1963 | Norman Dyhrenfurth and his team | mountaineers | First Americans to climb to the summit of Mount Everest |
| 1969 | Frank Borman Jim Lovell William Anders | astronauts | First crewed flight to the Moon. |
| 1970 | Neil Armstrong Edwin Aldrin Michael Collins | astronauts | For first crewed landing on the Moon. |
| 1978 | Marie Tharp Bruce C. Heezen | Cartography geologist | |
| 1981 | John Young Robert Crippen | astronauts | Awarded for first Space Shuttle flight. |
| 1994 | Richard Leakey | anthropologist | |
| 1995 | Jane Goodall | environmentalist | |
| 1996 | Robert Ballard | underwater explorer | Discovery of the wreck of the RMS Titanic |
| 1999 | Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones | balloonists | |
| 2000 | Matthew Henson | polar explorer | Companion to first recipient Robert Peary. Awarded posthumously. (Not awarded at the time because of his race). |
| 2010 | Don Walsh | oceanographer | Bathyscaphe Trieste Dive |
| 2012 | Jacques Piccard | oceanographer | First Mariana Trench expedition |
| 2013 | Sylvia Earle James Cameron E. O. Wilson | biologist film director/explorer biologist | Marine exploration Marine exploration Biological research |
| 2015 | George Schaller | biologist | for his unwavering commitment to the well-being of the world's most endangered species |
| 2016 | Meave Leakey Nainoa Thompson | paleoanthropologist navigator | |
| 2017 | Neil deGrasse Tyson | astrophysicist, author and science communicator | |
| 2018 | Peter H. Raven | Biologist and environmentalist | |
# Strawberry Lake (Oregon)

Strawberry Lake is a natural high-elevation body of water in the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in the Malheur National Forest about 10 miles (16 km) south of Prairie City in Grant County, the shallow lake covers about 36 acres (150,000 m$^2$) surrounded by forest. Recreational activities in the lake basin include hiking, backpacking, skiing, and fishing.

## Geology and geography

Stratovolcanoes erupting about 14.7 million years ago in the Miocene covered about 500 square miles (1,300 km$^2$) of what later became Grant County with andesite lavas and mudflows. The Strawberry Mountains are eroded remnants of the mountains created by those volcanoes and by intrusions of igneous rock.
Strawberry Lake is the largest of the small glacial lakes found in the Strawberry Mountain Wilderness. The surface of the lake is more than 6,000 feet (1,800 m) above sea level. Occupying part of a valley carved by ice in the Pleistocene, the lake formed behind a landslide dam across Strawberry Creek. Water from the lake does not flow over the dam except in high water but seeps through the landslide to re-form the creek several hundred yards (meters) downstream.
Strawberry Lake has an average depth of 9 feet (2.7 m) and a maximum depth of 27 feet (8.2 m). The length of its shoreline is about 1.2 miles (1.9 km). Despite water-quality problems stemming from recreational activity in the lake's drainage basin, the water remains transparent enough that the lake bottom is visible from the surface even at the lake's deepest point.

## History

Nathan W. Fisk homesteaded in the area in 1870 and named local features Strawberry Butte (now Strawberry Mountain) and Strawberry Creek for the abundance of wild strawberries in the area, and the name spread to encompass Strawberry Valley and Strawberry Lake.

## Recreation

Hiking, backpacking, and camping are among the recreational activities available near the lake. Strawberry Camp, 1.3 miles (2.1 km) downstream from the lake along Strawberry Creek, is connected to the lake by a hiking trail. The trail continues upstream 1.2 miles (1.9 km) from the lake to 40-foot (12 m) Strawberry Falls and then another 0.6 miles (1.0 km) to Little Strawberry Lake. Another trail leads from Strawberry Falls 6.3 miles (10.1 km) to the peak of Strawberry Mountain.
Winter sports enthusiasts visit the lake in winter even though the access road, County Road 60, from Prairie City to the edge of this part of the wilderness is unplowed and blocked by snow 2 to 4 miles (3 to 6 km) downstream from Strawberry Camp. The lake, frozen Strawberry Falls, and Little Strawberry Lake can be reached by cross-country skiers and snowshoers.
Fishing in the lake is allowed all year, though snow makes access difficult in winter. Many brook trout inhabit the lake as well as some rainbow trout, with fish present due to being stocked.
# Shivanat Rural District

Shivanat Rural District (Persian: دهستان شيوانات) is in Afshar District of Khodabandeh County, Zanjan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Garmab.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 8,963 in 1,919 households. There were 8,469 inhabitants in 2,229 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,778 in 1,870 households. The most populous of its 34 villages was Qui, with 793 people.
Other villages in the rural district include Gugarchinak and Owli Beyk.
# Hydromyles globulosus

Hydromyles globulosus is the only species of sea slug in the genus Hydromyles, and the only member of the family Hydromylidae. It is commonly found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The species is pelagic, carnivorous and viviparous. They are unique among sea angels in that they brood their young. Their young develop within the body of their mother, and emerge as juveniles. They are capable of producing an ink-like substance, which they release if disturbed.

## Appearance

H. globulosus has a distinct head, round body, and long tentacles. The body is translucent but the internal organs are bright orange or yellow in colour. Besides tentacles, it has two "wings" derived from its modified foot.

## Distribution and ecology

H. globulosus is found in the eastern Indo-Pacific Ocean, but its range is strongly influenced by currents. It is frequently found in large numbers.

## In popular culture

The species was featured in the 2009 video game Endless Ocean 2.
# Benjamin O. Davis High School

Benjamin O. Davis High School is a public high school located in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA, near Houston, and a part of the Aldine Independent School District.
It is classified as a 6A school by the UIL. In 2019, the school received a C grade from the Texas Education Agency.

## History and naming

The school opened in 2012, and was named after Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., the commander of the Tuskegee Airmen.

## Academics

For the 2018–2019 school year, Davis High School received a C grade from the Texas Education Agency, with an overall score of 77 out of 100. The school received a C grade in two domains, Student Achievement (score of 71) and Closing the Gaps (score of 71), and a B grade in School Progress (score of 80) The school did not receive any of the seven possible distinction designations.

## Athletics

The Davis Falcons compete in these sports:
Volleyball, Cross Country, Football, Basketball, Swimming, Water Polo, Soccer, Golf, Tennis, Track, Baseball & Softball

## Demographics

In the 2018–2019 school year, there were 2,528 students. 31.7% were African American, 3.1% were Asian, 61.4% were Hispanic, 0.2% were American Indian, 0.1% were Pacific Islander, 2.5% were White, and 1.0% were two or more races. 81.0% of students were Economically Disadvantaged, 16.8% were English Language Learners, and 7.1% received Special Education services.
# Bill Newton (basketball)

Bill R. Newton (born December 22, 1950) is an American retired power forward–center who played two seasons in the American Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Indiana Pacers during the 1972–73 and 1973–74 seasons. Born in Rockville, Indiana, he attended Louisiana State University and played for coach Press Maravich.
While at Louisiana State, he amassed 1,339 career points & 802 career rebounds. He finished his career as the school's 4th all-time leading rebounder. While at LSU, he helped lead them to the 1970 NIT Final Four, was a 2-time ALL-SEC selection, team captain & MVP his senior year (1971–72). He participated in 1972 U.S. Olympic trials and was selected as an alternate. He was named to LSU's 1970s All-Decade Team.
In 2013, he was inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame He attended Rockville, Indiana High School, leading the Rox to a record of 19-3 and a Wabash River Conference title his senior season (1967–68). He led the state of Indiana in rebounding (22.0 rbs/game) his senior season.
# Love Alive (ZZ Ward Song)

"Love Alive" is a 2025 single by American singer-songwriter ZZ Ward. It was released in January 2025 by Sun Records as the lead single of Ward's fourth studio album, Liberation. "Love Alive" largely focuses on how having children can test a relationship, and attempting to prevent it from collapsing.

## Background

Ward had her first child with her husband, E. Kidd Bogart in February 2021. Two years later, Ward announced that she was expecting her second child. Ward has described having kids as "a sudden 24/7 job with no breaks," but also stating that during these tests is when on finds themself.
"Love Alive," along with Ward's album Liberation heavily features themes of motherhood and relationships. In a statement by Sun Records, Ward stated that she "didn’t plan to make a blues album about motherhood, it just sort of happened naturally."

## Composition

"Love Alive" features several elements of classic blues including prominent hand claps, guitar, deep drums, bass, and vocals.
The song's lyrics are written from a first-person perspective about a relationship experiencing troubles during parenthood as Ward tries to revitalize the relationship.

## Credits and Personnel
#### Personnel

* Zsuzsanna Ward – performer, writer
* Ryan Spraker – producer

#### Music Video

* Adam William Ward – producer, director
* David Lee – photography director
# Fighters from Mars

Fighters from Mars is the name of two unauthorized, edited versions of H. G. Wells' original The War of the Worlds serial.
The first version appeared in the New York Evening Journal between December 5, 1897 and January 11, 1898, and was entitled Fighters from Mars, or The War of the Worlds. The second version appeared in The Boston Post between January 8, 1898 and February 1898, and was entitled Fighters from Mars, or The War of the Worlds in and near Boston.
The editor(s) of these versions changed the setting to the local area where the newspapers were on sale, and also edited out most of the passages containing science, science details pertaining to ordinary people, and problematic actions by the narrator. Even though they are considered unauthorized, it does seem that Wells may have inadvertently given the go ahead to the versions, as can be seen from a letter that was published in the magazine The Critic in March 1898, where Wells states: "Yet it is possible that this affair is not so much downright wickedness as a terrible mistake."
In each paper, Garrett P. Serviss' sequel, Edison's Conquest of Mars, was published after Fighters from Mars had finished.

## Legacy

Rocket scientist Robert H. Goddard read both Fighters from Mars and Edison's Conquest of Mars and credited them with helping form his early interest in developing rockets for interplanetary exploration.
# The Very Best of En Vogue

The Very Best of En Vogue is a 2001 greatest hits album by En Vogue, containing hits from their three studio albums, Born to Sing, Funky Divas, and EV3.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine rated the album four and a half out of five stars. He noted that while "En Vogue may not have been as visionary as TLC, but they were still one of the best female urban groups of the '90s, which is why their Very Best collection works so well. This collection [...] offers the best encapsulation of their talents imaginable."

## Commercial performance

The Very Best of En Vogue debuted and peaked at number number 29 on the UK R&B Albums Charts.

## Credits

* Lead Vocal, Backing Vocal: Terry Ellis, Dawn Robinson, Cindy Herron, Maxine Jones
* Producer: Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds (tracks: 8)
* Producer: Ivan Matias, Organized Noize (tracks: 4)
* Producer: Hurby "luvbug" Azor (tracks: 6)
* Producer: Denzil Foster and Thomas McElroy

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| UK R&B Albums (OCC) | 29 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 7,500$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Mirko Tremaglia

Mirko Tremaglia (17 November 1926 – 30 December 2011) was an Italian politician and lawyer. Famous for his youth as a fascist soldier, he was one of the most important exponents of the Italian far-right politics during the "First Republic" Italian period (1948-1994).

## Biography

Born in Bergamo, Tremaglia grew up assimilating the ideas of the Italian fascism in his childhood and adolescence. During World War II, at the age of 17, he fought in the National Republican Guard belonging to the Italian Social Republic, a puppet state controlled by Nazi Germany. In the following months, Tremaglia lost both parents, and was taken as a prisoner by the Allies, then interned in Coltano prisoner-of-war camp for fascist prisoners.
After the post-war period, Tremaglia enrolled at the Catholic University of Milan but was kicked out of it when his past as a National Republican Guard volunteer was discovered. Later, he graduated in law and then began practicing as a lawyer. He was also a co-founder of the Italian Social Movement in 1946 and of its successor, the National Alliance, in 1995. Between 2001 and 2006, he served as minister without portfolio of Italians in the World in the second and third Berlusconi cabinets. Under this government, he is remembered for the Law 459 of 2001 "for the exercise of the right to vote of Italian citizens resident abroad", known as Tremaglia Law. In 2008, he joined The People of Freedom but in 2010 followed Gianfranco Fini into his new party Future and Freedom. Tremaglia died at his home in Bergamo after a long distress with Parkinson's disease.

## Controversies

Tremaglia found himself at the center of a controversy for defending the well-known anti-homosexuality Roman Catholic colleague Rocco Buttiglione after the 2004 European Parliament election. He stated: "Unfortunately Buttiglione has lost. Poor Europe: fags are among the majority government." For this statement. Tremaglia was reprimanded and criticized by several members of various parties of the Italian political spectrum.
# Kaloyan Kopchev

Kaloyan Kopchev (Bulgarian: Калоян Копчев; born 22 June 1975) is a former Bulgarian football midfielder who is currently the director of the Health Insurance Fund in Ruse.

## Biography

In the 1990s and early 2000s, Kopchev played for Dunav Ruse. In 1999, he earned a Master's in "Marketing and Planning" from the Tsenov Academy of Economics.
# Łapsze Niżne

Łapsze Niżne (Slovak: Nižné Lapše) is a village in Nowy Targ County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łapsze Niżne. It lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Nowy Targ and 77 km (48 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.
It is one of the 14 villages in the Polish part of the historical region of Spiš (Polish: Spisz). Łapsze Niżne (where Niżne means Lower, as it lays lower in the valley) is the older village from the sister settlement Łapsze Wyżne (where Wyżne means Upper). The local parish was first mentioned in 1274.
# Natural High (Wataz album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Natural High is the first and only album by the Wataz. It was released on February 10, 1998 through Fully Loaded Records and was mostly produced by member, Chris "Waterbug" Stokes.
Though the album did not have much promotion, it did manage it make it to 68 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and spawned one charting single, "Ohh Ahh Ohh", which made it to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks.

## Track listing

* "Ohh Ahh Ohh"- 3:52
* "Spend the Night"- 4:24 (Featuring Smooth)
* "Feeling Kinda High"- 3:54
* "Let's Bounce"- 4:13
* "Let's Stay Together"- 4:10 (Featuring MQ3, Kball, Immature, Gyrl and Smooth)
* "It's a Shame"- 4:09
* "Why"- 4:07
* "Sunny Dayz"- 4:08
* "Me & Mr. Feelgood"- 4:04
* "Taste My Juice"- 3:46
* "Good Morning"- 4:25
* "Sex on the Beach"- 3:44

## Chart history

| Chart (1998) | Peak position |
| Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | 68 |
# Mighty Ducks (disambiguation)

The Mighty Ducks is an American media franchise.
Mighty Ducks or The Mighty Ducks may also refer to:

## Film and television

* The Mighty Ducks (film), a 1992 American ice hockey comedy-drama film, the first in The Mighty Ducks franchise
** D2: The Mighty Ducks, the 1994 sequel
** D3: The Mighty Ducks, the 1996 sequel
* Mighty Ducks: The Animated Series, a 1996 Disney animated TV series, loosely based on the film
* The Mighty Ducks: Game Changers, a 2021 live-action TV series based on the film

## Sports

* Anaheim Ducks, formerly the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, an American ice hockey team
* Cincinnati Mighty Ducks, an American ice hockey team
# Magnus (bishop)

Bishop Magnus I, also known as Mauno, was the Roman Catholic bishop of Turku between 1291 and 1308. He was the first bishop who is known to have been born in Finland. He also helped to complete the Christianization of Finland started by St. Henry.
In 1300, Bishop Magnus translated the relics of St. Henry during a period of consolidation of religious and secular power in Medieval Northern Europe. In the same year, he consecrated Turku Cathedral.
# Vivien Chartres

Vivien Chartres (25 June 1893 – 1 September 1941) was a British violinist and child musical prodigy, daughter of writer Annie Vivanti, whose novel The Devourers (1910) was inspired by Vivien Chartres' life.

## Early life

Vivien Chartres was born in Turin, Italy, the daughter of Anglo-Irish lawyer, journalist, and Sinn Féin activist John Smith Chartres (1862–1927), and English-born Italian writer Annie Vivanti (1866–1942); her mother was the niece of German writers Paul Lindau and Rudolf Lindau. Vivien Chartres began playing the violin as a girl, and was taken to Prague to study with Otakar Ševčík when she was ten years old.

## Career

Chartres gave a recital at the Queen's Hall, London, in 1904, during the same week as appearances by Marie Hall, Mischa Elman, and other child violinists. "To hear this small dot attack the G minor concerto by Bruch and the Moïse fantasie was something of a revelation," commented one reviewer. Her mother and manager exaggerated her youth, and publicized her as being nine, not eleven, years old. Critics scolded Vivanti for allowing the child to be overworked and overexposed. Charged under a new law meant to prevent the exploitation of very young children, her mother and manager were fined, and the manager, Narciso Vert, died in June 1905, from a heart attack attributed to the stress. Vivien Chartres appeared at Queen's Hall again in 1906.
Chartres shared the bill with Harry Lauder, Violet Vanbrugh, Ellaline Terriss and other performers, at a benefit concert to raise relief funds following the Courrières mine disaster in 1906; then she returned to the continent and once performed for Queen Margherita. She played for Edward VII at Marienbad. In 1907, a diary appeared in The Pall Mall Magazine under Vivien's name, describing her pets, her music, and her everyday activities. She played in Sheffield with pianist Irene Scharrer in December 1907, and in Huddersfield in January 1908, with pianist Mark Hambourg.
In 1910, Vivanti's novel The Devourers was published, a fictionalized account of the mother-daughter pair in their pursuits of music and freedom. She rewrote it in Italian for publication the following year, as I divoratori (1911). The book was dedicated to Vivien, "to read when she has wonderchildren of her own." "Overtly, Vivanti claims that a genius child devours its mother," observes one recent literary scholar. "More obliquely, she shows how the mothers devour their child as well."

## Personal life

Vivien Chartres married businessman Arthur Lindsey Burns in 1915. They had two children, Vivien Anne-Marie, born 1916, and Cecil, born 1917, before Arthur Burns died in 1925. She remarried in 1927, to Sir Richard C. R. Young. The Youngs and Annie Vivanti met with Benito Mussolini in 1927, while they lived in Rome. Vivien Chartres Young died in Hove, in 1941, by suicide, along with her husband; his failing health led her to write, "I cannot go on...We shall go together, quietly and peacefully." Her mother died the following year.
# Kendrick Clements

Kendrick A. Clements (born February 7, 1939) is a retired history professor and author in South Carolina. He wrote books about U.S. president Woodrow Wilson, who spent some of his childhood in South Carolina, as well as papers and books on James F. Byrnes, William Jennings Bryan, and Herbert Hoover. He retired from the University of South Carolina in 2006 and has emeritus status at the school.
Clements received a B.A. from Williams College and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley.
He was interviewed for the 1997 film Woodrow Wilson: Reluctant Warrior. He discussed one of his books on Wilson on C-Span April 16, 2013.
Clements wrote that Wilson, who segregated federal workers in the United States, "had none of the crude, vicious racism of James K. Vardaman or Benjamin R. Tillman, but he was insensitive to African-American feelings and aspirations." Clements wrote for a Princeton University website addressing Wilson's legacy and the university's buildings and programs named for Wilson.
A Kirkus Reviews writeup described one of his books on Wilson as "not very urgent or thought-provoking." His book on Herbert Hoover's environmental policies was described as exhaustive in a review. Nancy Unger gave the book a mostly favorable review.