OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2020s in science and technology

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
This article is a summary of the 2020s in science and technology.

## Biology and medicine

* DeepMind used artificial intelligence for the first time to predict protein folding.
* Singapore became the first jurisdiction to approve the sale of cultured meat.
* The vaccines produced by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna against Coronavirus disease 2019 became the first vaccines developed using messenger RNA and mark the fastest vaccine development and approval, taking only 10 months.
* Oregon became the first jurisdiction to legalize the medicinal use of psilocybin for mental health treatment.

## Energy

* QuantumScape revealed that it had created the first functioning prototype of a solid-state battery, promising to massively increase battery capacity.
* The Chinese Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak was turned on for the first time. The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor is being planned for commissioning later in the decade.
* Group14 Technologies has patented SCC55, a silicon-carbon composite, leading to 50% more in fully lithiated volumetric energy density than graphite used in conventional lithium-ion battery anodes.

## Environmental sciences

* The United Nations has designated the 2020s as the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

## Transport
### Air

* In 2021, United Airlines revealed plans to purchase 15 supersonic Boom Overture aircraft by the end of the decade.

### Land

* Waymo became the first company to offer self-driving car services to the general public without a human supervisor in Chandler, Arizona.
* Autonomous delivery vehicles began transporting food to customers in Texas in 2021.

## Computing and artificial intelligence

* Artificial intelligence-assisted coding began to emerge in the early 2020s.
* El Salvador passed Bitcoin law to become the first country to give cryptocurrency and bitcoin the status of legal tender.

## Physics

* In January 2020, Physicists discovered a unique metal with billions of quantum entangled electrons.
* The Large Hadron Collider will once again begin operation in early 2021; the collider was shut down in December 2018 "to enable major upgrade and renovation works."
# Lee Roy Selmon's

Lee Roy Selmon's was an American casual dining restaurant chain located and founded in Florida by former NFL player Lee Roy Selmon. The concept was owned by OSI Restaurant Partners, LLC until 2008 when it was sold to MVP Holdings Tampa, Inc. owned by Outback Steakhouse founders Robert D. "Bob" Basham and Chris T. Sullivan. Lee Roy Selmon continued to work with the company through its transfer of ownership until his death in 2011. There are three locations, all of which are located in west-central Florida. It was announced on May 23, 2018, that the original location will be closing after 17 years.
Lee Roy Selmon's served Southern-style food and comfort food such as fried green tomatoes and pecan pie.
# 2nd II None (album)

2nd II None is the debut album by Compton hip hop duo 2nd II None. The album was released on September 6, 1991, under Profile Records and was produced by DJ Quik. It sold more than 350,000 copies in its first nine months of release.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Source | |
The Los Angeles Times praised the "bouncy, irresistible beats, clear, articulated rapping, catchy hooks and a bittersweet street sensibility that can mist you up when you least expect it."

## Track listing

All tracks produced by DJ Quik

## Personnel

* HI-C: Additional Vocals on "Comin' Like This" and "Niggaz Trippin'"
* DJ Quik: Keyboards
* Robert Bacon: Guitars and Bass

## Production

* Arranged by DJ Quik
* Produced by DJ Quik and 2nd II None
* Recorded by Sean Freehill and DJ Quik
* Mixed by DJ Quik at Skip Saylor Studios (Los Angeles)
* Mastered by Howie Weinberg at Masterdisk
* All songs published by Protoons, Inc./Greedy Greg Music, except "What Goes Up" (which contains a portion of "Spinning Wheel" as written by David Clayton Thomas). "What Goes Up" published by Protoons, Inc./Greedy Greg Music/EMI Blackwood Music Inc. and Bay Music Ltd.
# Billaut

Billaut is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adam Billaut (1602–1662), French carpenter, poet and singer
* Hervé Billaut (born 1964), French classical pianist
* Jean-Michel Billaut (1945–2025), French systems analyst and internet personality
* Julien Billaut (born 1981), French slalom canoeist
# Hyatt Regency Columbus

The Hyatt Regency Columbus is a 20-story 256-foot (78 m) high-rise hotel in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is the 24th-tallest building in the city and was designed by Prindle, Patrick + Associates along with the adjoining Ohio Center, which opened first, on September 10, 1980, with the hotel following on October 26, 1980 and the Greater Columbus Convention Center which opnened in 1993. The four-star hotel has 615 rooms and 16 suites, as well as a grand ballroom and 32 conference rooms.
# Shyqyri Rreli

Shyqyri Rreli (18 May 1930 – 31 December 2019) was an Albanian football player. He spent the majority of his career with Dinamo Tirana, having previously played for KF Erzeni and Puna Tirana, which is the modern day KF Tirana. As a coach, he was most noted for being in charge of the Albania national team between 1982 and 1985, and again between 1988 and 1989. He has also managed Albania U21, 17 Nëntori, Teuta Durrës and Shkumbini Peqin.

## Playing career
### Club

A relatively successful forward for KF Erzeni, Puna Tirana, and Dinamo Tirana in the 1950s, he won four league titles with Dinamo Tirana.

### International

He made his debut for Albania in a September 1957 friendly match away against China, his sole international game

## Managerial career

Rreli peaked as a coach of Albania national under-21 football team, which he led to two straight titles of the Balkan Youth Championship (in 1978 and 1981) and to the quarter finals of the Euro 1984, where Albania U21 was among the best 8 European teams.
As a coach, he won two straight Albania's titles in 1987-88 and 1988-89 with KF Tirana. He led Tirana to the best 16 in three European competitions (1986–87 European Cup Winners' Cup, 1988–89 European Cup, and 1989–90 European Cup). As Albania national football team coach he will be remembered for getting Albania close to qualifying in the Mexico 1986 campaign, most notably through a victory against Belgium and draws against Poland and Greece.

## Personal life

He was the father in law of Mirel Josa, another footballer and coach who married Rreli's daughter Brunilda.

## Honours
### as a player

* Albanian Superliga: 4
       1953, 1955, 1956, 1960
* Albanian Cup: 3
       1953, 1954, 1960

### as manager

* Albanian Superliga: 2
       1988, 1989
For his achievements Rreli was awarded in 2007 the Mjeshter i Madh civil medal by then president of Albania Bamir Topi.
# Varteg

Varteg (Welsh: Y Farteg) is a village in the county borough of Torfaen in Wales.

## Location

It lies near Abersychan on the hills above the valley of the Afon Llwyd, between Pontypool and Blaenavon.

## History and amenities

Varteg owes its origin to the fact that the land lease for the Blaenavon Ironworks was too big, and portions were sublet to the Nantyglo Company and part taken up by a partnership called Knight and Company which opened an iron furnace in 1802. By 1825 the Varteg works was taken over by Kenrick and Company which had three blast furnaces, by 1839 there were five furnaces in operation. In 1847 it was owned by Williams and Co with a total of eight furnaces at Varteg, Golynos and Pentwyn. From 1854 to closure in 1868 it was owned by the Golynos Iron Co. After the end of iron making, coal mining became the biggest employer.
Varteg has one of the three Welsh language medium primary school in Torfaen, namely Ysgol Bryn Onnen. The others are Ysgol Gymraeg Cwmbrân, in Cwmbrân, and Ysgol Panteg, in Griffithstown.
It also has a cemetery which dates back to the 18th century.
In 2013, a controversy erupted when Glamorgan Power chose a site for open coal mining 120 metres away from the village's primary school, Ysgol Bryn Onnen. The Torfaen council previously rejected the company's plans to mine more than 256,000 tonnes of coal from the area, citing Welsh environmental regulations requiring a buffer zone of at least 500 metres around any planned open-cast mining operations. The headmaster of Ysgol Bryn Onnen school, Ryan Parry, spoke against the proposal, citing health concerns and impact on learning.
Also in 2013, the village made international headlines when it was reported the Welsh Language Commissioner had proposed changing the official spelling of the town's name to 'Y Farteg' in-line with Welsh orthography.
# Cattle baron

Cattle baron is a historic term for a local businessman and landowner who possessed great power or influence through the operation of a large ranch with many beef cattle. Cattle barons in the late 19th century United States were also sometimes referred to as cowmen, stockmen, or just ranchers. In Australia, similar individuals owned large cattle stations. A similar phenomenon occurred in part of Canada in the early twentieth century.

## Notable examples

In the American Old West:
* Otto Franc
* Charles Goodnight. Essayist and historian J. Frank Dobie said that Goodnight "approached greatness more nearly than any other cowman of history."
* John Chisum
* Tom McCall
* Conrad Kohrs; see Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site
* Oliver Loving
* James Dolan
* Susan McSween
* Frank Wolcott
* Margaret Borland
* Matthew Rohrbach see the belt buckle of the corn belt
In Australia:
* Peter Menegazzo
* Sidney Kidman
In Canada:
* The Big Four (Calgary) (four businessmen: two ranchers, a meat packer, and a brewer who founded the Calgary Stampede, the world's richest rodeo)
** George Lane, rancher
** A. E. Cross, rancher Bar U Ranch
** Patrick Burns
** Archibald J. McLean
In England:
* Jonathan Wall (Baron of Cambridge who held a significant amount of land on which he kept several thousand cattle)

## In popular culture

Cattle barons appear in numerous Western novels and films, often as villains. Such films include Broken Lance (1954), Lawman (1971) and Heaven's Gate (1980). In the Fallout video game series, Brahmin barons are exactly the same as cattle barons but herd mutated livestock instead of normal animals.
# Jacques Herbrand

Jacques Herbrand (12 February 1908 – 27 July 1931) was a French mathematician. Although he died at age 23, he was already considered one of "the greatest mathematicians of the younger generation" by his professors Helmut Hasse and Richard Courant.
He worked in mathematical logic and class field theory. He introduced recursive functions. Herbrand's theorem refers to either of two completely different theorems. One is a result from his doctoral thesis in proof theory, and the other one half of the Herbrand–Ribet theorem. The Herbrand quotient is a type of Euler characteristic, used in homological algebra. He contributed to Hilbert's program in the foundations of mathematics by providing a constructive consistency proof for a weak system of arithmetic. The proof uses the above-mentioned, proof-theoretic Herbrand's theorem.

## Biography

Herbrand finished his doctorate at École Normale Supérieure in Paris under Ernest Vessiot in 1929. He joined the army in October 1929, however, and so did not defend his thesis at the Sorbonne until the following year. He was awarded a Rockefeller fellowship that enabled him to study in Germany in 1930-1931, first with John von Neumann in Berlin, then during June with Emil Artin in Hamburg, and finally with Emmy Noether in Göttingen.
In Berlin, Herbrand followed a course on Hilbert's proof theory given by von Neumann. During the course, von Neumann explained Gödel's first incompleteness theorem and found, independently of Gödel, the second incompleteness theorem that he also presented in the lectures. A letter of Herbrand's of 5 December 1930 to his friend Claude Chevalley contains a description of von Neumann's idea. An earlier letter to Vessiot, of 28 November, explained Gödel's first incompleteness theorem in the form of failure of omega-consistency.
Herbrand's last paper was titled "Sur la non-contradiction de l'arithmétique" (On the consistency of arithmetic). It contains a consistency proof for a restricted system of arithmetic, similar to a result of von Neumann's. Herbrand had studied Gödel's incompleteness article in Easter 1931 through the page proofs Paul Bernays had lent him. In the last section of his paper, Herbrand makes a comparison of his restricted result to that of Gödel's. The paper was received by the editors the very same day Herbrand lost his life, 27 July, and published posthumously.

## Death

In July 1931, Herbrand was mountain-climbing in the French Alps with two friends when he fell to his death in the granite mountains of Massif des Écrins.

## Quotation

"Jacques Herbrand would have hated Bourbaki" said French mathematician Claude Chevalley quoted in Michèle Chouchan, "Nicolas Bourbaki Faits et légendes", Éditions du choix, 1995.
# Christian libertarianism

Christian libertarianism is the synthesis of Christian beliefs with libertarian political philosophy, with a focus on beliefs about free will, human nature, and God-given inalienable rights.
As with some other forms of libertarianism, Christian libertarianism holds that what is prohibited by law should be limited to various forms of assault, theft and fraud. Other actions that are forbidden by Christianity can only be disciplined by the church, or in the case of children and teens, one's parents or guardians. Likewise, beliefs such as "love your neighbor as yourself" are not imposed on others so long as the non-aggression principle, which Christian libertarians believe to be foundational, has not been violated.

## Definition

According to Andrew Sandlin, an American theologian and author, Christian libertarianism is the view that mature individuals are permitted maximum freedom under God's law.

## History

The origins of Christian libertarianism in the United States can be traced back to 18th-century classical liberalism and 19th-century individualist anarchism. According to Austrian School economist and anarcho-capitalist and paleolibertarian theorist Murray Rothbard, of the three libertarian experiments during the European colonization of the Americas in the mid-17th century, all three were begun by nonconformist Protestant groups.
Martin Luther, one of the principal figures of the Protestant Reformation, is referred to as "libertarian" in the introduction to Luther and Calvin on Secular Authority, published by the Cambridge University Press. The term used here is something quite different from the ruggedly individualist ideology of American-libertarian type of right-libertarianism. The book's editor Harro Hopfl states that libertarian as well as egalitarian and communal motifs were part of the texture of Luther's theology.
English Catholic historian and Liberal statesman Lord Acton posited that political liberty is the essential condition and guardian of religious liberty. The Acton Institute, an American Christian conservative libertarian think tank, is named after him.

### People

* Justin Amash (Orthodox)
* Nikolai Berdyaev (Orthodox)
* John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton (Roman Catholic)
* James W. Fifield Jr. (Congregationalist)
* Jesus Huerta de Soto (Roman Catholic)
* Johannes Kaiser (Orthodox)
* Gary Johnson (Lutheran)
* John Locke (Anglican, Unitarian)
* Andrew Napolitano (Roman Catholic)
* Albert Jay Nock (Episcopalian)
* Rand Paul (Presbyterian)
* Ron Paul (Baptist)
* Thomas Woods (Roman Catholic)
* Deirdre McCloskey (Episcopalian)
# Corcelles BE railway station

Corcelles BE railway station (French: Gare de Corcelles BE) is a railway station in the municipality of Corcelles, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Solothurn–Moutier line of BLS AG and is served by local trains only.

## History

Between Spring 2024 and March 2026, the Weissenstein Tunnel is getting a renovation and remains closed. The BLS is using the tunnel closure to renovate the whole of the line. This station will be modernized to permit barrier-free boarding. Replacement buses are running between Gänsbrunnen and Moutier during the construction work.
# Victoria House, London

Victoria House is a neoclassical building in Bloomsbury, London, WC1. It stands on a long rectangular island site between the east side of Bloomsbury Square and Southampton Row. It became a Grade II listed building in December 1990.

## History and description

The building was designed by Charles William Long and constructed in the 1920s, in a style described by Pevsner as "Neo-Grec". It was built for and occupied for many decades as the head office of the Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society. The east side of Bloomsbury Square was formerly a terrace of houses, which included the London house of the 18th century judge Lord Mansfield, which was looted in the Gordon Riots. The building was constructed between 1926 and 1932.
The building was constructed with a steel frame and Portland stone façades. It has eight main storeys, plus basement and sub-basement, with 15 bays along the east and west elevations, and five bays on the north and south sides. The rusticated ground floor level has retail units on Southampton Row. Giant order pilaster, separated by window openings, span the second to fourth floors, with porticos in the centre of each long side. The tympanum of each triangular pediment includes figurative sculptures by Herbert William Palliser, with the group to the west representing the bounty of the natural world and the group to the east representing navigation and industry. Two further storeys in the frieze and parapet levels, and two in the green slate mansard roof with dormer windows, topped by a small central two-storey feature above the mansard.
Inside, each side retains its original entrance lobby faced with Subiaco marble, and ornamental brasswork by the Bromsgrove Guild, some with the "VH" monogram. A large central space on the ground floor opens to three floors, with a coffered ceiling.
Although the exterior of the building is largely unchanged, the interior has been extensively modernised, with work completed in 2003. Interior features of historic interest were retained and refurbished to their former condition, including the original Art Deco ballroom which was transformed into the Bloomsbury Ballroom function venue, while other areas were substantially remodelled to create large amounts of office and leisure space. A retail area with open arcade was added to the Southampton Row frontage, recreating its former appearance prior to redevelopment in the 1950s. From Autumn 2024, Victoria House has featured 300,000 sq ft of office, laboratory and amenity space for multinational pharmaceutical companies.
The Bloomsbury Ballroom featured in the final episode of The Apprentice (UK series ten) where it was used as the location for the two finalists' business launches.
* Portico on west side of building, facing Bloomsbury Square
* Detail of pediment at top of west portico, showing relief sculpture
* Inside main entrance
* Detail of brasswork
# Orangia maituatensis

Orangia maituatensis is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae. This species is endemic to French Polynesia.
# Atareta Maxwell

Atareta "Dina" Carol Maxwell, born Atareta Morrison (30 August 1945 – 16 January 2007) was a kapa haka leader.

## Early life

Maxwell was born to Temuera Morrison and Kahu (Gertie) Morrison. She was a sister to Sir Howard Morrison, Judith Tapsell, Rene Mitchell, Laurie Morrison, and Linda Morrison. Her brother Laurie later became the father of Temuera and Taini Morrison.
Her first paying job was with Guide Kiddo's concert group at Whakarewarewa but her taste for competition came from joining the St Faiths Church Youth Club.

## Career

Atareta and Trevor Maxwell led the leading kapa haka group Ngati Rangiwewehi for several years, taking it to the top of national competitions with performances at the Edinburgh Military Tattoo in Scotland and in 2005 opening the New Zealand Toi Maori exhibition in San Francisco.
Her leadership skills have been acknowledged as the best in the country through winning the award for the coveted Aotearoa Traditional Maori Performing Arts Festival 'National Kai Tiaki Wahine (best female leader) - Most Outstanding Leader' at Ngaruawahia in 1992 and again in 1996 at Rotorua.
She was also before her death a tutor of the Western Heights High School kapa haka group Te Roopu Manaaki; they came first equal in the 2004 national secondary schools kapa haka festival held in Wellington.
In sport Maxwell captained both netball and softball teams for Rotorua Girls' High School and the winning team of the very first Kurungaituku Netball Tournament played in Rotorua.
She opened the 2005 Cricket World Cup with her rendition of Pokarekare Ana.

## Death

Maxwell died at Waikato Hospital on 16 January 2007. She is survived by husband Trevor Maxwell, deputy mayor of Rotorua, son Inia and daughter Kahurangi. Maxwell's body lay at Tamatekapua meeting house, Te Papaiouru Marae, Ohinemutu, until she was buried at Kauae Cemetery in Ngongotahā on January 20, 2007.
The Māori king, Tūheitia Paki and his Tainui-Waikato people brought her body back from Waikato hospital to her Ohinemutu home.
# Tze Ming Mok

Tze Ming Mok (Chinese: 莫志明; pinyin: Mò Zhìmíng; born 1978) is a fiction writer and sociopolitical commentator, and has been a prominent New Zealand Asian community advocate.

## Biography

Mok was born in Auckland, New Zealand, growing up in the suburb of Mount Roskill. Her parents came to New Zealand in 1973 as international students studying medicine, and were originally from Singapore and Malaysia.
Mok received her degrees at the University of Auckland. She has an MA in political studies, with a thesis titled In the name of the Pacific: Theorising pan-Pacific identities in Aotearoa New Zealand. Mok works in human rights and development. She received her Doctor of Philosophy from the London School of Economics in 2019 with a thesis titled Inside the box: ethnic choice and ethnic change for mixed people in the United Kingdom.
Mok's most prominent period of advocacy for New Zealand Asian, migrant, and New Zealand Chinese communities was the period 2005–2007, during which time her ethnopolitical blog Yellow Peril was featured on the popular New Zealand group blog Public Address, and she wrote an opinion column on race relations and Asia-Pacific issues in New Zealand's national Sunday newspaper, The Sunday Star-Times.
In 2004, she led an anti-racist march to Parliament, Wellington, in response to hate crimes. In 2007, she and other Asian community leaders organised a successful New Zealand Press Council challenge of a magazine article that had been published in the national monthly magazine of note, North & South. The article, 'Asian Angst' by former Member of Parliament Deborah Coddington, was found to be inaccurate and racially discriminatory.

## Publication

Her poems, stories, reviews, opinions, and journalism have appeared in a range of publications including:
* The Kyoto Journal
* Landfall (including guest editorship of Autumn 2006 issue)
* The Sunday Star-Times (weekly column 2006)
* Sport
* Poetry NZ
* Meanjin
* JAAM
* The Listener
# Imperial Bank Tower

Imperial Bank Tower, also known as 701B, is the 25th tallest building in San Diego, California, and is a prominent fixture in San Diego's skyline. The 24-story skyscraper has a height of 355 ft (108 m) and is located in the Core district of downtown San Diego. It was constructed in 1982.