OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1989 Botswana general election

General elections were held in Botswana on 7 October 1989, alongside local elections. The result was the sixth straight landslide victory for the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), which won 31 of the 34 elected seats.
As of the 2019 general elections, this is the last time the BDP received more than the 60% of the popular vote.

## Background

A referendum on electoral reform had been held in 1987, and resulted in the creation of a Supervisor of Elections, which would be appointed by the government. Both the BDP and the Botswana National Front (BNF) hold primary elections to select candidates.

## Campaign

The BNF went into the elections suffering from instability; Bathoen Gaseitsiwe resigned as party leader in 1985 after becoming head of the Customary Court of Appeal. Prior to the elections Bathoen criticised new party leader Kenneth Koma for his left-wing policies, resigned from the BNF and established the Botswana Freedom Party (BFP). The new BFP ran as a nationalist and pro-free market party. The ruling BDP campaigned on its record in government around economic development and political stability.
A total of 91 candidates contested the elections, with the BDP being the only party to field a full slate of 34 candidates. The BNF put forward 31 candidates, the Botswana People's Party 11, the Botswana Independence Party 9, the Botswana Freedom Party 2 and the Botswana Progressive Union and Botswana Liberal Party both had a single candidate.

## Results

The Botswana People's Party (BPP) lost its sole seat and would not regain parliamentary representation until the 2024 elections.
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Botswana Democratic Party | 162,277 | 64.78 | 31 | +2 |
| | Botswana National Front | 67,513 | 26.95 | 3 | –1 |
| | Botswana People's Party | 10,891 | 4.35 | 0 | –1 |
| | Botswana Independence Party | 6,209 | 2.48 | 0 | 0 |
| | Botswana Progressive Union | 2,186 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 |
| | Botswana Freedom Party | 1,363 | 0.54 | 0 | New |
| | Botswana Liberal Party | 48 | 0.02 | 0 | New |
| Indirectly-elected members | Indirectly-elected members | | | 4 | – |
| Total | Total | 250,487 | 100.00 | 38 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 367,069 | – | | |
| Source: IPU, Nohlen et al. ||||||

## Aftermath

Following the elections, the BNF claimed that there had been irregularities in the Mochudi constituency, where they lost to the BDP by 29 votes. The High Court ruled in the BNF's favour, resulting in a by-election in June 1990 in which the BDP retained the seat.
# Pinnacle and Shorttail Gulch Coastal Access Trails

Pinnacle Gulch and Shorttail Gulch are coastal access trails served by the same Sonoma County Regional Parks Department parking lot. The trails provide beach and tidepool access to the Pacific Coast of northern California in the United States. The trails are located south of Bodega Bay in Sonoma County. Automobile access from California State Route 1 is via Harbor Way just south of downtown Bodega Bay, California. A fee or Sonoma County Regional Parks pass is required for use of the trail head parking lot and rest room.
The 0.55 miles (0.89 km) Pinnacle Gulch coastal access trail begins across Mockingbird Road from the parking lot at 20600 Mockingbird in the residential subdivision of Bodega Harbor. The 0.52 miles (0.84 km) Shorttail Gulch coastal access trail is reached by walking 0.42 miles (0.68 km) south from the parking lot along Mockingbird and Osprey roads. Both trails follow steep ravines eroded through Pleistocene marine and marine terrace deposits supporting northern coastal scrub including thick growth of poison oak. The beach is suitable for recreational fishing and swimming at your own risk. It may be possible to hike 0.4 miles (0.64 km) along the beach between the two trails at low tide.
# Balaw

Balaw (or Belew) is an Arabic speaking nomadic tribe of Beja and Bedouin ancestry inhabiting the area of western and southern Eritrea.
The origin of the Balaw is thought to be somewhere along the Suakin area of eastern Sudan. During the second wave of the Beja migrations into Eritrea, the Balaw people, a then predominantly Christian group of mixed Beja and Bedouin ancestry, entered the country between the 12th and 15th centuries CE. Some groups continued down the coast up until Zeila where they influenced the political and social configurations and attained positions of political preeminence.
For centuries, the Na’ib family of Balaw origin controlled the region. They lived in towns like Arkiko and Massawa and several villages. The Balaw were scattered across Eritrea and mixed with other tribes. They were the ruling class of the Bani Amer until they were replaced by a Ja'alin family from Eastern Sudan. Since the 16th century, their main center was Arkiko. The Turks recognised their power and appointed their chief as the Na'ib of the Habesh Eyalet. Because of their influence and control over the Samhar region, the Balaw played a major role in local history. During the Egyptian occupation, a member of the Na'ib family was made the Sirdar of the troops in Massawa. The Balaw of Samhar also helped spread Islam in Eritrea. They were granted land in the highlands by the Ras of Tigray, which became centres for Islamic teaching. Their agents traveled widely, collecting tribute and trade dues.
# Coupland Independent School District

Coupland Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Coupland, Texas (USA).
Located in Williamson County, a very small portion of the district extends into Travis County.
Coupland ISD has one school, Coupland Elementary, that serves students in grades kindergarten through eight, and recently passed a bond to build a new Middle School opening in 2026. Students in grades nine through twelve attend Taylor High School in the Taylor Independent School District. In 1997, the Coupland School's Gym was used for scenes in the movie Home Fries.
The district had 285 students in the 2022-2023 school year.
In 2009, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.
# Salamis (mythology)

Salamis (/ˈsæləmɪs/ SAL-ə-miss; Ancient Greek: Σαλαμίς) was a nymph in Greek mythology, the daughter of the river-god Asopus

## Family

Salamis’ mother was Metope, daughter of Ladon, another river god. She was sister to Corcyra, Sinope, Aegina, Peirene, Cleone, Thebe, Tanagra, Thespia, Asopis, Ornea, Chalcis (Euboea), Harpina, Antiope, Nemea, Plataea (Oeroe), Pelagon (Pelasgus) and Ismenus.

## Mythology

Along with her sisters Corcyra and Euboea, Salamis also shared their fate after they were all carried away by Poseidon from their father. The god took her to the island which was named after her by Cychreus, their son who became the first king of the island.
In some accounts, she became the mother of Saracon by Zeus.
# DKBA-5

The Democratic Karen Buddhist Army - Brigade 5 (Burmese: ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ကရင်အကျိုးပြုတပ်မတော် - တပ်မဟာ 5; abbreviated DKBA-5), also known as the Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (Burmese: ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ကရင်အကျိုးပြုတပ်မတော်; abbreviated DKBA) and the Klo Htoo Baw Battalion by the Burmese government, is a Karen Buddhist insurgent group in Myanmar. The group was led by Bo Nat Khann Mway, also known as "Saw Lah Pwe", until his death in 2016.
The DKBA-5 split from the original Democratic Karen Buddhist Army in 2010 and is loosely affiliated with the Karen National Union. They have also worked with the Arakan Army.
During the 2010 general election, the DKBA-5 attacked government troops and security forces in Myawaddy Township, Kayin State. The group signed a ceasefire agreement with the government on 3 November 2011, though they have not agreed to disarming, unlike their DKBA predecessors in 2010.
On World Children's Day 2020, DKBA-5 signed the first Myanmar Joint Action Plan with the United Nations to end recruitment of child soldiers.
In 2025, it handed over hundreds of foreigners, who had previously been forced to work in online scams, to authorities in Thailand.
# Bell Gardens High School

Bell Gardens High School is a public high school in Bell Gardens, California, part of the Montebello Unified School District.

## History

The campus was built in the 1930s and 1940s. After years of development and construction, BGHS's new three story building was opened on December 18, 2005.
In 2005, the high school underwent a further phase of renovation when the school's athletic field, otherwise known as "Lancer Stadium", received a $1 million upgrade. This was the change the school decided to make instead of sizing up the auditorium and building up the schools music room and choir room (plans on that are set to happen on the next big loan). The gradually decaying long-standing natural dirt/grass field was replaced with a state of the art synthetic turf playing field along with a new 400 meter track surrounding it. The process commenced during the latter half of the 2004–2005 school year and was gradually completed the following spring in January 2006.

## Notable alumni

* Michael Granville, 800 meter high school national record holder at 1:46.45
* Bob Bedell 1961, back-to-back CIF basketball champion, CIF MVP 1961 & 1962, played professionally in American Basketball Association
* Patty Cardenas, 2002, Olympic medalist, water polo
* Eddie Cochran, musician, 1987 inductee of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
* Lawrence "DJ Muggs" Muggerud, Cypress Hill's DJ and producer; produced tracks for Funkdoobiest, House of Pain, Dizzee Rascal, Ice Cube, U2, Depeche Mode and more
* John Force, NHRA drag racer, 16-time Funny Car division champion, 18-time champion car owner
* Brenda Villa 1998, water polo, 3-time Olympic medal winner
* Hector Jiménez, 2006, soccer, defender for Columbus Crew SC. 2-time MLS Cup Champion with Los Angeles Galaxy in 2011 and 2012
* Johnny Lee Clary, aka professional wrestling champion Johnny Angel, former racist KKK leader turned born again evangelist
# Vorstadt

In German, a Vorstadt (German: , literally "fore city") is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a Vorort (suburb).
Historically, a Vorstadt ("suburb" in German) was a settlement outside the city walls, sometimes dedicated to specific trades. Later, large Vorstädte appeared in the Gründerzeit era. Places named Vorstadt include Vorstadt (Königsberg) and Oranienburger Vorstadt.
Its French equivalent is faubourg, the Dutch equivalent is Voorstad, e.g. Voorstad St. Jacob in Roermond.

## Vienna

In Vienna, the historical Vorstädte need to be distinguished from the Vororte. The Vorstädte were located outside the city walls, but within the Linienwall, a second ring of fortifications outside the city. The city walls were located in the place of the modern Ringstraße, while the Linienwall has been removed to give way for the Gürtel (both being rings of streets around the central city). The Vorstädte therefore correspond to the so-called "inner districts" of Vienna (2nd to 9th and 20th districts).
* This German history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This Austrian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This Vienna location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Pioneer Park (Fairbanks, Alaska)

Pioneer Park is a 44-acre (109-ha) city park in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States run by the Fairbanks North Star Borough Department of Parks and Recreation. The park commemorates early Alaskan history with multiple museums and historic displays on site. The park is located along the Chena River and is accessible from Peger and Airport Roads. A waterfront path connects the park to the Carlson Center, Growden Memorial Park and downtown Fairbanks. There is no admission fee to enter the park, though many of the museums and attractions do charge an entrance fee. Concessions are open from Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day, though the park is open year-round and some events are held in the off-season. Free Wi-Fi is available.

## History

Pioneer Park was opened in 1967 as Alaska 67 Centennial Exposition to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska Purchase. After being given first to the state and then to the city, Mayor Red Boucher renamed the site Alaskaland. It was then changed to its present name in 2001 out of concern that the park could be mistaken for being primarily a theme park. The subject is still a topic of slight contention with locals.

## Attractions

vteCrooked Creek & Whiskey Island Railroad :
Legend :
* Alaska Centennial Center for the Arts – theater, art gallery, and meeting hall.
* Crooked Creek & Whiskey Island Railroad – operating 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad which circumnavigates the park.
* Denali Observation car (or "Harding Railroad Car") – the rail car used by President Warren G. Harding during a visit to Alaska in 1923 to formally complete the Alaska Railroad.
* Fairbanks Arts Association – a non-profit organization set up to promote contemporary and traditional arts in Interior Alaska.
* Gold Rush Town – 35 restored buildings from early Fairbanks, including the first church in Fairbanks and a house owned by Judge James Wickersham. There are also several food vendors serving the public. Souvlaki, Cheechako's Tacos, and Nikko's. As well as many different Ice Cream and gift shops to visit.
* Mini Golf Fairbanks – America's northernmost 18 hole Mini Golf Course.
* Mining Valley – contains working replica of a gold rush-era sluice gate.
* Pioneer Air Museum – aviation memorabilia and 14 aircraft; begun through the efforts of aviation historian Randy Acord.
* Pioneer Hall – designed to resemble an early-20th-century meeting hall. Includes the Pioneer Museum, which features Gold Rush memorabilia and the "Big Stampede" mural presentation.
* Replica Alaska Native village featuring artifacts.
* Replica of the wheelhouse of SS Lavelle Young, the steamer used by Fairbanks founder E.T. Barnette to reach the site of the settlement.
* SS Nenana – a sternwheeler that carried passengers and cargo on the Tanana and Yukon rivers from 1933 to 1954. At 230 feet (70 m) it is the second-longest wooden-hulled ship still in existence. Now a museum.
* Tanana Valley Railroad Museum – opened in 2006 and features the restored, 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge 1899 TVRR Engine No. 1, the oldest working steam locomotive in Alaska and still operated on occasion by volunteers.
# Centro de Turismo Intramuros

The Centro de Turismo Intramuros, or simply Centro de Turismo, is a tourist hub and museum located inside the reconstructed San Ignacio Church along Arzobispo Street, Intramuros, Manila. It was launched on June 9, 2024 by the First Lady Liza Araneta Marcos, together with other government officials, and was officially opened to the public on June 12, 2024. It features 8,000 artifacts, mostly ecclesiastical collections from the adjacent Museo de Intramuros.
# Race-norming

Race-norming, more formally called within-group score conversion and score adjustment strategy, is the practice of adjusting test scores to account for the race or ethnicity of the test-taker. In the United States, it was first implemented by the Federal Government in 1981 with little publicity, and was subsequently outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1991.
Prior to being banned by the federal government, race-norming was practiced by 38 U.S. states' employment services. The aim of this practice is to counteract alleged racial bias in aptitude tests administered to job applicants, as well as in neuropsychological tests. The argument was that it guarantees racial balance. The practice converted and compared the raw score of the test according to racial groups. The score of a black candidate is only compared to the scores of those who had the same ethnicity. If the candidate's score, which is reported within a percentile range, fell within a certain percentile when compared to white or all candidates, it would be much higher among other black candidates.

## Criticism

Race-norming has been criticized as racist towards black people and has been compared to eugenics and pseudoscientific racism. In 2021, such criticisms surfaced following an announcement by the National Football League that they will cease to use the practice in determining settlements for players' injuries.
University of Delaware professor Linda Gottfredson has been very critical of this practice, as have conservative columnist George Will and law professor Robert J. Delahunty. Criticism was based on the perception that race-norming was biased in favor of blacks. In the 1980s, the Reagan administration ordered a study into the unadjusted General Aptitude Test Battery (without race-norming); the results, released in 1989, showed that unadjusted test scores were not strongly related to job performance.
On June 2, 2021, the National Football League (NFL) announced that they would halt the use of race-norming that assumed black NFL players started out with lower cognitive functioning in a $1 billion dollar brain injury settlement.
# 1843 (magazine)

1843 (formerly Intelligent Life) is a digital magazine published by The Economist which features longform narrative journalism as well as shorter reads and columns. Named after the year The Economist was founded, 1843 offers a complementary perspective to its sister publication, focusing more on narrative, rather than analysis. Like The Economist, 1843 is based in London and has a global readership. Like the newspaper, the magazine is owned by the Economist Group, a British media holding company.

## History

The magazine was launched under the title Intelligent Life in September 2007 as a quarterly publication, having previously been a summer annual and was billed as covering "the arts, style, food, wine, cars, travel and anything else under the sun, as long as it's interesting."
In March 2016, the Economist Group relaunched and rebranded Intelligent Life as 1843 (named for The Economist's founding year).
1843 magazine features contributions from The Economist's journalists, as well as writers and photographers from around the world. It is edited by Rosie Blau. It is seen as akin to The Wall Street Journal's WSJ. and the Financial Times' FT Magazine.
It has won awards for its journalism from the British Society of Magazine Editors, the Association of Illustrators, British Journalism Awards, the Foreign Press Association Media Awards, the Migration Media Awards, Fortnum & Mason Food and Drink Awards and the Travel Media Awards.
In May 2020 it was announced that 1843 would move to a digital-only format.
# Cymidei Cymeinfoll

Cymidei Cymeinfoll (possibly meaning pregnant in battle or big belly of battle in Welsh), is an Irish giantess mentioned in the Second Branch of the Mabinogi. Cymidei gave birth to one fully formed and armed warrior every six weeks.
She was the wife of Llasar Llaes Gyfnewid, smaller and subservient to her. Together, they lived under a lake in Ireland and were the keepers of the Cauldron of Regeneration, into which they would throw dead warriors, who would then come back to life mute.
Matholwch, king of Ireland in the tale, took the family in, but tired of them and ordered them thrown into an iron building which was then heated from the outside. Everyone died but Cymidei and Llasar, who escaped to Wales with the cauldron, which they gave to Bendigeidfran as a peace offering.
They are both mentioned as being guests at the wedding of Branwen, sister of Bendigeidfran, and Matholwch.
# Ute

Ute or UTE may refer to:
   * Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah
   * Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah
   * Southern Ute Indian Tribe of the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado
   * Ute dialect, a Colorado River Numic language spoken by the Ute
   * Holden Ute, an Australian coupe utility

## Place names

In the United States:
* Ute, Iowa, a city in Monona County along the Soldier River
* Ute Mountain, Colorado
* Ute Mountain, New Mexico
* Ute Pass, a mountain pass west of Colorado Springs
In other places:
* 634 Ute, a minor planet orbiting the Sun

## Other uses

* Ute (band), an Australian jazz group
* Ute (given name)
* Ute (sponge), a sponge genus
* Utah Utes, the University of Utah athletic teams
* UTE (Usinas y Terminales Eléctricas), Uruguay's government-owned power company
* Újpesti TE, a Hungarian sports society
* UTE TV 11, a proposed Chilean television channel
# Placer County Big Trees Grove

Placer County Big Trees Grove is a small, isolated giant sequoia grove located along Mosquito Ridge Road in the American River watershed of Tahoe National Forest, California. It is known for being the northernmost and furthest removed of all giant sequoia groves.
The grove contains six old-growth giant sequoias, two of which are of considerable size. The trees occupy a small, bowl-shaped depression with a small seasonal creek flowing through it. The grove itself has never been logged. Four of the six trees are named after World War I veterans.

## Noteworthy trees

* The Joffre Tree: the tallest and second largest tree of the grove.
* The Pershing Tree: the largest tree of the grove, featuring a diameter of 3.66 m (12.0 ft).
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia

The Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia (Latin: Archidioecesis Ravennatensis-Cerviensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church. It is a metropolitan see of the Latin Church, located in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.
The cathedral of the archdiocese is the Cathedral Basilica of the Resurrection of Our Lord in Ravenna. There is a co-cathedral in Cervia, the Concattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta [it] ('co‑cathedral of the Assumption of Santa Maria'), which had formerly been the Cervia Cathedral.
Following the appointment by Pope Benedict XVI and in succession to Giuseppe Verucchi, Lorenzo Ghizzoni [it] has been the metropolitan archbishop of the archdiocese since 17 November 2012.

## History

The Archdiocese of Ravenna was a Roman Catholic diocese in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The diocese was elevated to an archdiocese in the 6th century. Among its famous archbishops are Saint Peter Chrysologus, a Doctor of the Church, and Saint Guido Maria Conforti, who was canonized as a saint in 2011 by Pope Benedict XVI. The early medieval Ravenna papyri form an important record from the church's chancery between the 5th and 10th century.
The archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia was created in 1947 through the merger of the Archdiocese of Ravenna and the Diocese of Cervia. The archdiocese in 2014 had one priest for every 1,830 Catholics.