# Keetmanshoop

Keetmanshoop is a town in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. It is named after Johann Keetman [de], a German industrialist and benefactor of the city. Keetmanshoop had a population of 27,862 people in 2023.

## History

Before the colonial era, the settlement was known as ǂNuǂgoaes or Swartmodder, both meaning "Black Marsh" and indicating the presence of a spring in the area. The first white settler, Guilliam Visagie, arrived here in 1785. When in February 1850 the Kharoǃoan clan (Keetmanshoop Nama) split from the Red Nation, the main subtribe of the Nama people, they settled permanently in the area. In 1860 the Rhenish Missionary Society founded a mission there to christianise the local Nama people. The first missionary, Johann Georg Schröder, arrived in Keetmanshoop on April 14, 1866, which is now marked as the founding date of Keetmanshoop. The mission station was named after the German trader and director of the Rhenish Missionary Society, Johann Keetman [de], who supported the mission financially, although he never actually visited the place himself.

## Economy and infrastructure

Keetmanshoop is an important centre for the Karakul sheep farming community.
Keetmanshoop is connected to the TransNamib railway system, situated on the line from Windhoek to Upington in South Africa. The J. Stephanus Stadium is located in Keetmanshoop and is home to Fedics United F.C., a football team in the Namibia Premier League.

## Geography

Close to Keetmanshoop is the Naute Dam and the Neckartal Dam, the largest dam in the country.

### Natural history

The town is situated near two quiver tree forests, one of them being a national monument and a major tourist attraction of Namibia. It is also close to the Giant's Playground, a natural geological feature formed about 180 million years ago that consists of dolerite rocks that look as if they were stacked by giants.
Near Keetsmanshoop are notable localities for fossil Mesosaurus, an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Permian of southern Africa and South America.

### Climate

Keetmanshoop has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with long, very hot summers and cool winters. The annual average rainfall is only 159 mm (6 in). Keetmanshoop is one of the sunniest places year-round on the planet with a mean sunshine duration over 3,870 hours yearly or 10.7 hours of sunshine daily, well above 87% of the time. The annual mean temperature is 21.1 °C (70.0 °F) with a mean annual high of 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) and a low of 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). The climate is characterised by sunshine and dryness as well as moderate heat all year long.
Climate data for Keetmanshoop :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 34.8 (94.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.2 (90.0) | 28.8 (83.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 27.2 (81.0) | 30.1 (86.2) | 32.4 (90.3) | 34.5 (94.1) | 28.8 (83.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.3 (66.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 10.4 (50.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | 6.4 (43.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 10.7 (51.3) | 13.7 (56.7) | 15.7 (60.3) | 17.6 (63.7) | 13.3 (55.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24 (0.9) | 42 (1.7) | 36 (1.4) | 15 (0.6) | 5 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 11 (0.4) | 13 (0.5) | 159 (6.1) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 28 | 36 | 40 | 40 | 38 | 39 | 36 | 31 | 27 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 32 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 353 | 300 | 312 | 306 | 304 | 287 | 305 | 323 | 319 | 343 | 348 | 370 | 3,870 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 84 | 82 | 82 | 89 | 91 | 91 | 93 | 93 | 89 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 88 |
| Source: Tabulation of Climate Statistics for Selected Stations in Namibia ||||||||||||||

### Demographics
## Politics

Keetmanshoop is a municipality, governed by council that currently comprises seven seats.
In the 2010 local authority election, a total of 3,156 votes were cast in the city. SWAPO won with approximately 48% of the vote. Of the three other parties seeking votes in the election, Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) received approximately 35% of the vote, followed by the Democratic Party of Namibia (DPN, 10%) and the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA, 7%).
The 2015 local authority election was won by SWAPO by a much larger margin. SWAPO accumulated 2,337 votes and won five seats in the municipal council. DTA (538 votes) and RDP (186 votes) gained one seat each.
The 2020 Namibian local authority election was won by LPM. LPM accumulated 3,619 votes and won five seats in the municipal council. SWAPO (1648 votes) gained two seats.

## Notable buildings and structures

The Rhenish Missionary Church was erected in 1895 and now also contains a museum. It was declared a historic monument in 1978 and is a well-known landmark. Its unique combination of Gothic architecture cast in African stone makes it one of the architectural masterpieces in the country and a popular tourist attraction. Other notable buildings are the Schützenhaus (marksmen's club house, 1905–07), the railway station building (1908) and the Imperial Post Office (now the Keetmanshoop tourist information, erected in 1910).

## Notable people

* Anthony Antoncich (1917–1998), Royal Air Force pilot, born in Keetmanshoop
* Dawid Bezuidenhout (1935–1998), first chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity, born in Keetmanshoop
* Hellmut von Leipzig (1921–2016), combat driver of Erwin Rommel, born in Keetmanshoop
* John Ya-Otto (1938–1994), member of the Constituent Assembly of Namibia and former ambassador to Angola, grew up in Keetmanshoop