OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pannonian mixed forests

The Pannonian mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in Europe. It covers an area of 307,720 km$^2$ in all of Hungary, most of Slovakia, about half of Croatia and Slovenia, around a third of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, and Serbia, and minor parts of Austria, Czech Republic, and Ukraine.

## Flora

The plant communities include mixed oak-hornbeam forests, azoal floodplain vegetation and lowland to montane herb-grass steppes.
Mixed oak-hornbeam forests are mixed forests of pedunculate oak and sessile oak and hornbeam. Sub-Mediterranean thermophilous bitter oak forests grow in warmer areas. These forests are dominated by Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, and Quercus frainetto mixed with other trees, mainly Fraxinus ornus and Carpinus orientalis. Higher elevation areas are dominated by European beech and silver birch, downy birch, European aspen and sometimes by conifers Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra.
Riparian forest and azoal floodplain vegetation occurs along rivers and lakes. It is dominated by Populus nigra, Populus alba, Salix alba, Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus oxycarpa, Ulmus minor and Quercus robur. Phragmites australis is dominant in most wetlands.
Lowland to montane herb-grass steppes dominate large areas of the ecoregion. The dominant species are Stipa zalesskii, Bromus riparius and the shrubs Prunus fruticosa and Prunus spinosa.

## Fauna
### Mammals

* brown bear
* red deer
* roe deer
* eurasian beaver
* eurasian lynx
* grey wolf
* red fox
* european wildcat
* speckled ground squirrel
* European ground squirrel
* common mole
* white toothed pygmy shrew
* Eurasian pygmy shrew
* alpine shrew
* particolored bat
* European free-tailed bat
* wild boar

### Reptiles and amphibians

* Hermann's tortoise
* nose-horned viper
* field adder
* European green lizard
* great crested newt
* Carpathian newt
* Danube crested newt
* Italian crested newt
* smooth newt
* alpine newt

### Birds

* little tern
* great bustard
* lapwing
* common redshank
* barn owl
* ural owl
* tawny owl
* Western capercaillie
* black grouse
* Eurasian hoopoe
* mistle thrush
* song thrush
* ring ouzel
* fieldfare
* redwing
* common blackbird
* Eurasian wren
* wallcreeper
* common starling
* barred warbler
* lesser whitethroat
* Eastern subalpine warbler
* orphean warbler
* common whitethroat
* garden warbler
* blackcap
* European turtle dove
* Eurasian collared dove
* western rock nutthatch
* wood nuthatch
# Brown Tract Pond Campground

Brown Tract Pond Campground is a campground run by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in Raquette Lake, New York. It is located on the shores of Browns Tract Pond in a remote area of the Adirondacks, approximately two miles (3.2 km) from Raquette Lake, near the town of Inlet in Hamilton County.
Brown Tract Pond State Campground consists of a 146-acre (59 ha) site including ninety camping sites, eight of which are remote. Recreational activities available at the campground include canoeing, fishing, swimming, hiking, and bicycling.

## History

Development of the campground began in 1957 and was completed in 1958.
In 2010, the campground was in the news when a bear who had been threatening the campers had to be shot by a forest ranger.
In 2015, Brown Tract was the site of a boat washing station run by the Department of Environmental Conservation to limit the spread of invasive species.

## Description

Brown Tract Campground has 90 tent and trailer sites, a picnic area with tables and fireplaces, flush toilets, a trailer dump station, and a recycling center.
Browns Tract Pond is approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) across with a small island near the west side. The island is uninhabited, however on the south side there are several large boulders, one of which has a wooden ladder to allow visitors to climb up and jump off into the pond.
Motor boats are not allowed on the pond. Rowboats and canoes are permitted, and rentals are available from the camp office. There is a boat launch with limited parking. Fish varieties in the pond include smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, sunfish, yellow perch, brown bullhead, sucker common shiner, golden shiner, and occasionally brook trout.
There are nearby trails to Black Bear Mountain, Bug Lake, Eagle Lake, and Eighth Lake. Marked trails lead to Shallow Lake and West Mountain. A large wooded picnic area is available as is a sand beach.

### Area attractions

Campers can visit the Old Forge region, Adirondack Museum, and golf courses at Inlet and Indian Lake.
# Buhr Park

Buhr Park is a 39-acre public park in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
There is a large public swimming pool and a smaller children's wading pool with interactive toys. Buhr Park also includes 39 acres (160,000 m$^2$) of rolling hills, picnic areas with barbecue grills, a children's play area, softball diamonds, soccer fields and outdoor tennis courts. The Cobblestone Farm and Museum is located on the park grounds.
The Buhr Outdoor Ice Arena and Cross Country Ski Center facilitates winter sports such as ice skating and hockey. It provides groomed trails for skiing set by snowmobile as well as rental, equipment, locker rooms, etc.
The Buhr Park Children's Wet Meadow is a group of wet meadow ecosystems designed as an educational opportunity for school-age children.
# Columbus (novel)

Columbus is a romantic adventure novel by the British writer Rafael Sabatini which was first published in 1941. It depicts the life of Christopher Columbus at the Spanish court, his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean in which he discovered the Americas and his relationship with the mother of his second son Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, whom he never married.
Sabatini had originally been commissioned to write a screenplay for a planned film of Columbus around 1939. The project was continually delayed, and in 1941 Sabatini published his story as a novel instead. The story is in the style of his previous works Captain Blood and The Sea Hawk, which had already been adapted into hit films, and portrayed Columbus as a swashbuckler.

## Film adaptation

In the late 1940s, the projected Columbus film was revived with strong support from the Rank Organisation who intended it as a prestige project targeted at the U.S. market. It was produced by Sydney Box and made in Technicolor with the American actor Fredric March cast as Columbus. Box was unhappy with Sabatini's script, which he considered historically inaccurate and overly romantic. Box and his wife Muriel Box extensively rewrote the screenplay aiming at greater realism at the expense of Sabatini's swashbuckling style. On its release, the film was poorly received by critics and was unsuccessful at the box office.
# Burney Falls

Burney Falls is a waterfall on Burney Creek, within McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial State Park, in Shasta County, California.
The water comes from underground springs above and at the falls, which are 129 feet (39 m) high, and provides an almost constant flow rate of 379,000,000 liters (83,000,000 imp gal; 100,000,000 U.S. gal) per day, even during the dry summer months. Burney Creek is a tributary of the Pit River which has its mouth on the Lake Britton reservoir to the north.
The falls are an example of river drainage regulated by stratigraphically-controlled springs, and of a waterfall formed by undercutting of horizontal strata.
Called "the Eighth Wonder of the World" by President Theodore Roosevelt, the falls are "at their most intense ... during the spring, from early April through October, when snowmelt is at its peak". The falls were declared a National Natural Landmark in December 1954. In March 2021, a National Geographic article declared the site to be one of "northern California's most spectacular waterfalls".
The water temperature rarely gets higher than 42 °F (6 °C) but the pool below the falls is a popular location for catch-and-release fly-fishing. The Redding tourism website states that the falls "can be enjoyed from above at lookout point", and preferably, from the pool at base of the falls, accessed via a trail.
Some of the waterfalls scenes for Willow (1988) were shot at the falls, although Powerscourt Waterfall in Ireland was also used for filming. Other movies with scenes filmed at Burney Falls include Stand by Me (1986), The Parson and the Outlaw (1957) and Tarzan's Fight for Life (1958).
# Cahuenga Peak

Cahuenga Peak (/kəˈwɛŋɡə/ ) is the 12th-highest named peak in the Santa Monica Mountains and is located just west of the Hollywood Sign. Cahuenga Peak is the highest peak in Griffith Park. It provides a spectacular 360-degree panorama of the Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley for those hikers willing to climb the roadless peak.

## History

Howard Hughes acquired the peak and surrounding acreage in the 1940s with plans to build a house for his love interest, actress Ginger Rogers. Rogers broke up their engagement, so the area was left undeveloped. In 2002, a group of Chicago-area investors named Fox River Financial Resources purchased the 138-acre (56 ha) parcel along the ridge including Cahuenga Peak from the Hughes Estate for $1,675,000 according to Los Angeles County property records. The investors considered constructing five luxury estates on the property.

## Conservation

Los Angeles city officials said City Hall had received hundreds of letters pleading for the peak's protection, which prompted a campaign by city leaders and conservationists to raise $6,000,000 which they thought would be sufficient to buy Cahuenga Peak and turn it into an extension of nearby Griffith Park. On February 13, 2008, Fox River Financial Resources released plans to sell the property for $22 million.
That same month, The Trust for Public Land launched the "Save Cahuenga Peak" campaign to purchase the land from the investment firm for $12.5 million. As part of the campaign they draped the Hollywood Sign so that it read "SAVE THE PEAK". On April 26 it was announced that the campaign was successful. Though funds came from many sources, including $1.7 million in public money, it was the final-hour donations of $500,000 from The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation and Aileen Getty and $900,000 from Hugh Hefner that enabled the purchase. In July 2010, more than 100 acres (40 ha) around Cahuenga Peak was officially added to Griffith Park.
The peak is home to the rare Plummer's mariposa lily, a population of coast horned lizards, and the echo blue butterfly.

## Hiking

The Aileen Getty Ridge Trail allows hikers to ascend Cahuenga Peak from the east or west approaches. From the west, the trail approaches from Burbank Peak, from the east Mount Lee.
# Villa Epecuén

Villa Epecuén was a tourist village in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, on the eastern shore of Laguna Epecuén, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the city of Carhué. Developed in the early 1920s, Epecuén was accessible from Buenos Aires by train. The Sarmiento Railway line served Villa Epecuén station, while the Midland Railway and the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway carried passengers to nearby Carhué station. Tourism was developed by an Englishman after taking the land on lease. He marketed the lake as having healing properties, hiring Italian scientists to bolster the claim. At its height, Villa Epecuén could accommodate at least 5,000 visitors.
On 6 November 1985, a seiche, caused by a rare weather pattern, broke a nearby dam, and then the dike protecting the village; the water rose progressively, reaching a peak of 10 metres (33 ft). The village became uninhabitable and was never rebuilt. Many of the ruins are covered by a layer of white and grey salt. At the time, there were up to 280 businesses in Epecuén, including lodges, guesthouses, hotels, and businesses that 25,000 tourists visited between November and March, from the 1950s to the 1970s.
The town reached a population of 1,500 inhabitants at its peak. Until 2024 it had one resident, Pablo Novak, born in 1930, who returned to his home in 2009 when the waters receded after covering the town for 25 years. Pablo's Villa, a 2013 documentary, chronicles the life of the town and of Novak. He remained living in the ruins of Epecuén until his death on 22 January 2024, after which Villa Epecuén was officially declared a deserted village.
The town has been featured in the TV shows Abandoned Engineering (season 4, episode 1), and Mysteries of the Abandoned (season 4, episode 1). It was used as a location in the 2010 film And Soon the Darkness, starring Amber Heard and Karl Urban. The city features as the backdrop to one of Danny MacAskill's street trials cycling videos.
A familiar of Pablo Novak decided to found a club in Buenos Aires in his honour, called "Villa Pablo Fc".
# James Spittal

Sir James Spittal (1769 to 25 September 1842) was a Scottish silk merchant who was Lord Provost of Edinburgh 1833 to 1837. Spittal Street in the west of Edinburgh is named after him. He was a strong Whig politician who campaigned for election reforms to increase democracy.

## Biography

The name James Spittal does not appear in Edinburgh street directories until 1810, when he is listed as a haberdasher with a shop at 55 South Bridge, living at 59 South Bridge. Spittal later ran a successful silk and shawl shop at 12 St Andrew Square in Edinburgh's New Town.
In September and October 1815, Spittal took a tour of Europe, which he documented in a diary. This appeared to concentrate on sites connected to the recently concluded Napoleonic Wars.
Spittal stood for election as Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1833 in succession to John Learmonth of Dean. He stood against James Aytoun (an advocate and uncle of William Edmondstoune Aytoun) in the important first election following the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1833. In the election campaign of 1833, there were both pro-Spittal and anti-Spittal election songs created. The pro song was entitled "Huzza for Provost Spittal". Unsurprisingly the opposing song was "Huzza for Provost Aytoun". The song alludes to his having recently purchased a country house called Justice Hall in Lauder in Berwickshire from James Justice Esq. At this time he is living separate from his family at 11 Nicholson Square in south Edinburgh.
He was succeeded as Lord Provost by Sir James Forrest, 1st Baronet of Comiston. Whilst serving as Provost he was painted by John Watson Gordon, a copy of this painting by David Alison (1882-1995) is held by the City of Edinburgh Council.

## Personal life

He was the son of James Spittal senior as his name appears as James Spittal Jr in some documents.
He was married twice: firstly to Marion Brown (1772-1824) and secondly to Lady Mary Wightman Ker Spittal (1799-1862), thirty years his junior.
Children of the first marriage included James Spittal (1797-1844,. Joseph Mack Spittal, Dr Robert Spittal FRSE ( d.1852). Helen (1800-1812), and Marion (1805-1893) (who married Dr John Taylor FRCPE (1805-1856) and is buried with him in Dean Cemetery).
Children of the second marriage (c.1825) were Elisabeth Ker Spittal (1827-1841) and John, later Rev John Spittal, who was only nine years old when James Spittal died. His granddaughter Etheldred Spittal married Percival Stacy Waddy.
He died at home at 3 Minto Street in south-east Edinburgh on 25 September 1842. He is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard. The grave lies within the western extension.
# Rayyan Pathan

Rayyan Pathan (born 6 December 1991) is a Canadian cricketer. He debuted for the Canada national cricket team in 2013. He plays as a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler.

## Early Life

Pathan was born in Toronto. He represented the Canada Under-19s at the 2011 Under-19 Cricket World Cup Qualifier in Ireland, following in the footsteps of his older brother Riyaz "Rizzy" Pathan who played at the 2010 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

## Career

Pathan made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Kenya in March 2013.
On 3 June 2018, he was selected to play for the Montreal Tigers in the players' draft for the inaugural edition of the Global T20 Canada tournament. In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Vancouver Knights franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament. In October 2019, he was named in Canada's squad for the 2019–20 Regional Super50 tournament in the West Indies.
In June 2021, he was selected to take part in the Minor League Cricket tournament in the United States following the players' draft. In September 2021, he played for Biratnagar Warriors in Nepal's franchise league Everest Premier League. In October 2021, he was named in Canada's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournament in Antigua. He made his T20I debut on 7 November 2021, for Canada against the Bahamas. In February 2022, he was named in Canada's squad for the 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Global Qualifier A tournament in Oman.
Pathan also played in the 2023 Global T20 Canada, as a member of the Vancouver Knights team.
In May 2024, he was named in Canada’s squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.
# Nowa Wieś, Oświęcim County

Nowa Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kęty, within Oświęcim County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) north of Kęty, 16 km (10 mi) south of Oświęcim, and 55 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Kraków.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1456. It belonged then to the Duchy of Oświęcim, a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1457 Jan IV of Oświęcim agreed to sell the duchy to the Polish Crown, and in the accompanying document issued on 21 February the village was mentioned as Nowa Wyesz.
The territory of the Duchy of Oświęcim was eventually incorporated into Poland in 1564 and formed Silesian County of Kraków Voivodeship. Upon the First Partition of Poland in 1772 it became part of the Austrian Kingdom of Galicia. After World War I and fall of Austria-Hungary it became part of Poland. It was annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II, and afterwards it was restored to Poland.
# Richard Millington

Richard Millington is a British birder and bird artist. He lives in Cley-next-the-Sea, Norfolk with his wife Hazel.
He is assistant editor of Birding World magazine. His contributions to that journal include many articles on bird identification. He also runs Birdline, a telephone information service containing news of rare birds.
Richard Millington is also a twitcher. He is one of a small number of birders who have seen over 500 species in Britain. He also found the UK's first Rock Sparrow at Cley on 14 June 1981, still the only record in the UK. In 1980 he undertook a yearlist, at a time when this form of twitching was still in its infancy, seeing 300 species of bird in the wild in Britain throughout the course of the year, and his illustrated book A Twitcher's Diary catalogues his birding travels during that year.
# Zara (Turkish singer)

Neşe Yılmaz (born 15 January 1976), known by her stage name Zara, is a popular Turkish folk singer and actress of from Turkey. She was born in Üsküdar district of Istanbul on 15 January 1976. She released eight albums using the nickname "Neşecik".
She married İskender Ulus, the owner of the recording company Ulus Müzik, in 2002. They divorced in 2007. Her second marriage was to Akif Beki, the chief counselor of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and journalist in Hürriyet newspaper, in 2012. Their daughter Dila was born in December. The couple divorced in July 2016.

## Discography

| Year | Album |
| 1998 | Avuntu |
| 2000 | Boyut |
| 2002 | Misafir |
| 2003 | Özlenenler |
| 2005 | Zamanı Geldi |
| 2005 | Bülbül-i Şeyda |
| 2008 | Bahar |
| 2011 | Hazine |
| 2012 | Zara ve İstanbul Flamenko 5'lisi |
| 2014 | Derin Aşk |
| 2016 | Derin Aşk 2 |
| 2018 | Derin Aşk 3 |
As "Neşecik"
* Eyvahlar Olsun (1986)
* Yaşamak Bu Değil (1987)
* Garibim (1988)
* Taptığım Allah, Sevdiğim Sensin (1989)
* Acımasız Dünya (1990)
* Çek Kara Tren (1991)
* Canım Askerim (1994)
* Gurbet & Ağla Sevdiğim (1995)

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Notes |
| 1999 | Eylül Fırtınası | Movie |
| 2001 | Deli Yürek: Bumerang Cehennemi | Movie |
| 2003 | Gelin | TV series |
| 2008 | İpsiz Recep | TV series |
| 2017 | Eşkıya Dünyaya Hükümdar Olmaz | TV series |
| 2021 | Mavera | TV series |

## TV programs

| Year | TV program | Channel |
| 2005 | Zamanı Geldi | TRT 1 |
| 2006 | Tanrı Misafiri | ATV |
| 2009–2011 | Salı Sefası | TV8 |
| 2015 | Sonsuz Şarkı | TRT Müzik |
# Hawaii Defense Volunteers

The Hawaii Defense Volunteers was a predominantly Chinese-American militia in Hawaii and one of three in Honolulu during World War II. The militia also had Filipinos, Hawaiians, Puerto Ricans, Koreans, and Whites.
# Conrad Habicht

Conrad Habicht (28 December 1876 in Schaffhausen – 23 October 1958 in Schaffhausen) was a Swiss mathematician and close personal friend of Albert Einstein.

## Association with Einstein

Together with Maurice Solovine, the three founded the Olympia Academy, an informal circle of friends who met together in Bern from 1902 to 1904 to discuss physics and philosophy.
Habicht and Solovine were the only two witnesses to Einstein's 1903 wedding to Mileva Marić.
Habicht was the recipient of Einstein's 1905 letter in which Einstein described his Annus mirabilis papers. Habich also received Einstein's letter about quanta.
Einstein and Solovine lost contact with Habicht but regained contact in 1947.
A book of letters between Einstein and Habicht in German Language was published in 2000.

## Early life

Habicht came from a middle class family in Schaffhausen and grew up there with four brothers and sisters. Son of Johann Conrad Habicht, merchant, and Susanna Elisabetha Oechslin, from Schaffhausen. In 1913 he married Anna Margarethe Kehlstadt, teacher, from Basel. He studied mathematics and physics in Zurich, Munich and Berlin, earning a doctors degree in 1903 at Bern, writing a dissertation on series of circles by Steiner. He studied violin.
Conrad's brother Paul was active in early development of automobile engines and had many Swiss patents.

## University and school teacher

Habicht taught university master's level mathematics and physics 11 years at Schiers in the Canton of the Graubünden where he also played violin. Then he taught mathematics and physics 33 years at Schaffhausen Canton high school, retiring in 1948.
Habicht and Einstein invented a meter for measuring very small electric potentials in millivolts with Conrad's brother Paul.
Einstein wrote to Habicht about his first attempt to explain the perihelion advance of Mercury.
Habicht wrote and published a book in Swiss German, biography of Gustav Kugler 1874-1939 a Rector of the Schaffhausen Canton school. He also published 5 editions of his mathematics in addition to his dissertation. Between 1943 and 1947 Habicht published another 6 books in 10 editions about the Swiss view of the world around them. He also published an education article about technical supervision of students. Habicht only published in Swiss German language.

## Later life

Habicht was in retirement from teaching ten years, continuing to direct a local music academy until 1958. He died four years later after injury in an accident, survived by his wife, four children and ten grandchildren.

## Literature

* Habicht, Conrad in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Author: Thomas Franz Schneider
* Jürgen Neffe: Einstein. Eine Biografie. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2006.
* Maurice Solovine: Freundschaft mit Albert Einstein. In: Physikalische Blätter 15 (1959), 3, S. 97–103.
* Albert Einstein: Eine neue elektrostatische Methode zur Messung kleinster Elektrizitätsmengen. In: Physikalische Zeitschrift 7 (1908), S. 216–217.