OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Lyons-Weiler

James Lyons-Weiler (born July 4, 1967) is an American scientist and activist who operates the non-profit organization Institute for Pure and Applied Knowledge. His doctorate is in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. He was a University of Pittsburgh faculty member (2003-2009) and a member of the Early Detection Research Network through the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.

## History

Lyons-Weiler worked as an assistant professor and co-director of the Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology at the University of Massachusetts Lowell from 2000-2002. He then served as faculty at the University of Pittsburgh from 2003-2009.

## Controversies

Lyons-Weiler has been making numerous claims about COVID-19, and about vaccines in general for years.
He claimed in February 2020 that a specific genetic sequence INS1378 in the SARS-CoV-2 genome was sufficiently close to pShuttle-SN - an engineered sequence - to prove that the virus was probably engineered in a laboratory. This claim was repeatedly discredited by researchers and fact-checkers. The sequences were only 67% similar and one paper demonstrated that over 100 bat coronaviruses had closer matches to INS1378 than pShuttle-SN. The even more inaccurate claim that SARS-CoV-2 contained pShuttle-SN was, however, spread widely by Infowars and others.
His Wordpress blog, Science, Public Health Policy and the Law claims to be a scientific journal, with an advisory board consisting of three other prominent anti-vaccine personalities.
# Guigues IV of Albon

Guigues IV (died 28 June 1142), called le Dauphin (Latin: Guigo Dalphinus), was the count of Albon from 1133. He was the first to take the name Dauphin, meaning "dolphin", which became a title among his successors.
Guigues was the eldest son and heir of Guigues III of Albon and Matilda. He was first called dauphin in a document of his father's from 1110. There is a theory that Matilda was in fact English, a daughter of Edgar the Ætheling, and that the name Dauphin came to Guigues through her, since she had a relative named Dolfin, a son of Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria. Another theory posits that Matilda was a daughter of Count Roger I of Sicily and the widow of King Conrad II of Italy.
Guigues married Margaret [fr], daughter of Stephen I, Count of Burgundy, and niece of Pope Calixtus II.
Guigues had good relations with the priory of Oulx and the abbey of Bonnevaux, to which he made gifts. In 1140, however, Guigues was involved in a dispute with the bishop Hugh II of Grenoble.
In or about 1134, Count Amadeus III of Savoy married Guigues's sister Matilda. Her dowry was the likely cause of the dispute that erupted between the two counts in 1140, the first war between the two counties. Guigues invaded the county of Savoy and besieged Montmélian. Ambushed by Amadeus near the castle of La Buissière, he was wounded in battle and died a few days later on 28 June 1142. He was succeeded by his son Guigues V.
Guigues IV may have been the inspiration for the character of Schionatulander in Wolfram von Eschenbach's romance Titurel, written around 1217.
# Bent molecular geometry

In chemistry, molecules with a non-collinear arrangement of two adjacent bonds have bent molecular geometry, also known as angular or V-shaped. Certain atoms, such as oxygen, will almost always set their two (or more) covalent bonds in non-collinear directions due to their electron configuration. Water (H$_2$O) is an example of a bent molecule, as well as its analogues. The bond angle between the two hydrogen atoms is approximately 104.45°. Nonlinear geometry is commonly observed for other triatomic molecules and ions containing only main group elements, prominent examples being nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$), sulfur dichloride (SCl$_2$), and methylene (CH$_2$).
This geometry is almost always consistent with VSEPR theory, which usually explains non-collinearity of atoms with a presence of lone pairs. There are several variants of bending, where the most common is AX$_2$E$_2$ where two covalent bonds and two lone pairs of the central atom (A) form a complete 8-electron shell. They have central angles from 104° to 109.5°, where the latter is consistent with a simplistic theory which predicts the tetrahedral symmetry of four sp$^3$ hybridised orbitals. The most common actual angles are 105°, 107°, and 109°: they vary because of the different properties of the peripheral atoms (X).
Other cases also experience orbital hybridisation, but in different degrees. AX$_2$E$_1$ molecules, such as SnCl$_2$, have only one lone pair and the central angle about 120° (the centre and two vertices of an equilateral triangle). They have three sp$^2$ orbitals. There exist also sd-hybridised AX$_2$ compounds of transition metals without lone pairs: they have the central angle about 90° and are also classified as bent. (See further discussion at VSEPR theory#Complexes with strong d-contribution).
# Boyce Block (Muncie, Indiana)

Boyce Block is a historic commercial building located at Muncie, Delaware County, Indiana. It was built in 1880, and is a two-story, brick building. The building features an elaborate parapet. Since 1904, the building has housed a theater.$^{:2–3}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Boyd Mill Ruins

Boyd Mill Ruins is a property in Franklin, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The mill was originally built in the early 19th century and was powered by the West Harpeth River. It played a crucial role in the local economy, producing flour and cornmeal for area farmers for over 50 years. At its peak, it was one of about a dozen water-powered mills operating in Williamson County during the 19th century.
The mill ceased operation around 1900 and subsequently fell into disrepair. Despite this, the stone foundations and turbine pit of the Boyd Mill remain more intact than those of any other former mill in the county, making it a valuable example of the milling industry's importance in 19th-century commerce.
The mill was part of the W.A. Boyd farm, which was one of the larger farms or plantations in Williamson County before and after the American Civil War. Unlike many other farms that were reduced in size after the war, the Boyd farm remained substantial, encompassing 528 acres, including the Boyd Mill.
The 157 acre Boyd-Wilson Farm, a century farm that is now also NRHP-listed, includes the Boyd Mill Ruins.
# Boyd–Harvey House

The Boyd–Harvey House is an historic home located at 1321 Harvey Road in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It was designed in the Federal style and constructed by Thomas Boyd, Jr., and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Description

The original house is believed to have been constructed in 1824, with a rear wing added later. Both the original house and the rear wing are constructed of brick, with a corbelled brick cornice above. There is a one-story shed roof porch along the front of the ante-bellum home. The original house has a hip roof, and the rear wing has a gable roof. Interior features of note include federal style fireplace mantels, fluted trim, built-in cupboards flanking the west fireplace, and a stone dairy in the addition.
In 1995, the home still had two separate staircases: one leading to the front of the house and one leading to the rear of the house. In 2019, after major renovations in 2004–2007, the home had 3 staircases, one to the master suite up front, and a separate staircase to each of the back 2 bedrooms.
# Preben Rasmussen

Preben Rasmussen (born 14 November 1941) is a Danish boxer. He competed in the men's light welterweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Yang Kun-pi

Yang Kun-pi (born August 11, 1998) is a Taiwanese sport shooter. He placed 25th in the men's trap event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Drosera pulchella

Drosera pulchella, a type of pygmy sundew (subgenus Bryastrum), is a species of carnivorous plant native to southwestern Australia. As their common name suggests, they are a small species that are usually 15 to 20 millimeters wide. They typically grow in clusters that completely cover an area like a patch of moss. The namesake sticky dew at the ends of their leaves is designed to trap insects so that the plants can absorb nutrients as the insect decomposes.

## Distribution

Drosera pulchella is found in Western Australia where there is a moderate Mediterranean climate. It is one of many species of Drosera that can be found there. There are about 50 species of pygmy sundews distributed mostly throughout Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand.

## Habitat and ecology

This species can typically be found in areas with abundant year-round moisture such as swamps, creeks, lakes and forests.
Unusual among sundews, these plants have to be able to cope with the Australian dry season, so they have developed extensive roots so that they can obtain water when it becomes scarce. They also have to compensate for the poor quality of the soil they live in, which is the main theory why they evolved to catch insects.

## Morphology

The plant itself is low to the ground with its leaves surrounding a central bud. On the ends of the leaves are tentacle-like projections that produce the sticky mucus-like substance that the plant uses to trap insects.
The plant lures insects in by producing a sweet-smelling secretion that draws them close to the tentacles. Once the insect is caught the tentacles contract to engulf and cover it with sticky mucus. Once caught in the trap, the insect either dies of exhaustion or suffocation as the sticky mucus clogs their spiracles.

## Reproduction

Drosera pulchella can reproduce sexually and asexually depending on the conditions in its environment. Pygmy Drosera can flower at will and usually produce white, pink, yellow, orange or red flowers. While they do produce flowers they are not very efficient at producing seeds and therefore only flower when conditions are best. Most of the time they reproduce asexually by producing gemmae. The gemmae is a specialized leaf that detaches and becomes a new plant, genetically identical to the parent plant. The plant makes dozens of gemmae, so many that it pushes the leaves away from the rosette at the center creating tension. This allows the gemmae to be launched up to several meters when the plant is touched.

## Uses

These tiny plants are primarily used for terrariums and indoor plants where they can be maintained and grown in stable environments.
# Richard Boyle (rowing)

Richard Frederick Robert Pochin Boyle (11 October 1888 – 6 February 1953) was a British coxswain who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Boyle was educated at Cambridge University and coxed the Cambridge boat in the Boat Race in 1907 and 1908. The Cambridge crew made up a boat in the eights which won the bronze medal rowing at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
In the First World War, Boyle was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry on 14 September 1914. He was promoted to temporary lieutenant on 9 December 1914, temporary captain on 23 July 1915, substantive lieutenant on 14 July 1916 and substantive captain on 24 June 1917. He was wounded and relinquished his commission on 8 May 1919 due to ill health.
Boyle married Marion Elisa Hill Wallace, daughter of Major-General Hill Wallace, on 12 February 1918.
# Roadster (horse)

Roadster is a type of driving competition for horses and ponies where the horse and exhibitor appear in equipment similar to that used in harness racing. It is derived from the historical use of certain horses hitched to light carts that traveled quickly from one place to another, often racing on ordinary dirt roads, hence the name. The term is also used to describe the horse used for such competition. Horses pull a light sulky and drivers wear racing silks. However, the exhibitors do not race. Instead, they perform in an arena at horse shows at trotting gaits that include a slow jog, a medium speed "road gait," and a rapid and long-strided but controlled trot referred to as showing "at speed." Animals are evaluated on performance and manners.
# 2016 Afghanistan earthquake

The 2016 Afghanistan earthquake was a magnitude 6.6 earthquake which struck 39 km (24 mi) west-southwest of Ashkasham on April 10, at a depth of 210.4 km (130.7 mi). The shock had a maximum intensity of V (Moderate). The earthquake killed at least 5 people in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and one in Gilgit Baltistan. A further 46 were injured in both provinces. The tremors shook up Peshawar, Chitral, Swat, Gilgit, Faisalabad and Lahore. The Himalayas region is one of earth's most seismically active regions. The tremors were felt in Delhi, National Capital Region, Kashmir and Uttarakhand. In Delhi, some 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) from the epicentre, the Delhi Metro was temporarily halted.
Two aftershocks had been felt, with magnitudes of 4.1 and 4.2. There were additionally at least 10 foreshocks felt, with the largest having a magnitude of 4.5 on April 8, 2016.
# Clavus minutissimus

Clavus minutissimus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropoda mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7.2 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines.
# Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa

In 1305, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji sent an army to capture the Paramara kingdom of Malwa in central India. The Delhi army defeated and killed the powerful Paramara minister Goga, while the Paramara king Mahalakadeva took shelter in the Mandu fort. Alauddin appointed Ayn al-Mulk Multani as the governor of Malwa. After consolidating his power in Malwa, Ayn al-Mulk besieged Mandu and killed Mahalakadeva.

## Background

The Paramara dynasty ruled the Malwa region in central India. By 1305, nearly all the Indian rulers to the north of Malwa had acknowledged Alauddin's suzerainty. The Paramara king Mahalakadeva was a weak ruler, and his prime minister (pradhan) Goga (called Koka in Muslim chronicles) was more powerful than him.

## Goga's death

In 1305, Alauddin sent a cavalry to capture Malwa. It is not clear who commanded this army, but he might have been Ayn al-Mulk Multani, whom Alauddin later appointed as the governor of Malwa. According to the Delhi chronicler Amir Khusrau, the Delhi army comprised 10,000 soldiers, who had been selected specifically for the mission.
According to Khusrau, the Malwa army commanded by Goga comprised a 30,000-40,000 strong cavalry and an "innumerable" infantry. The later historians Yahya, Firishta, and Hajiuddabir state that the Malwa army comprised 40,000 cavalry and 100,000 infantry.
In the ensuing battle, the Delhi army emerged victorious. Khusrau states that the battlefield was "bloody with mud" as far as the human eye could see. Goga's horse was caught in a mire, and he was killed by arrows. His head was sent to Delhi, where it was trampled under the feet of horses at the palace gates.
Alauddin appointed Ayn al-Mulk as the governor of Malwa. Ayn al-Mulk raided the former Paramara capital Dhara, where he broke the Dhar iron pillar. The former Paramara vassals were forced to recognize Alauddin's suzerainty. These included the chiefs of the Ujjain, Dhar, and Chanderi cities. Ayn al-Mulk sent a detailed record of his success to Delhi, where a week-long celebration was held and sweets were distributed among public for the entire week.

## Mahalakadeva's death

After the establishment of peace in a large part of Malwa, Ayn al-Mulk marched to Mandu, where the Paramara king Mahalakadeva stayed. Mahalakadeva sent an army led by his son to fight the invaders. Mahalakadeva's army was defeated and his son killed on the battlefield. The Delhi army besieged Mandu, and managed to enter it, after one of Mahalakadeva's fort guards betrayed him. The guard told the invaders about a secret entrance to the fort. Using this passage, the Delhi army entered the Mandu fort at night, taking Mahalakadeva by surprise.
Mahalakadeva fled to a spring called Sar (Chashm-i Sar in the Delhi chronicles), where he was killed. The Delhi army captured the fort on 23 November 1305, and Alauddin assigned it to Ayn al-Mulk. An inscription from Udaipur indicates that the Paramara dynasty survived in the north-eastern part of Malwa in 1310. However, this area had also come under the Delhi Sultanate rule by the Tughluq period in 1338.
# Urdu Lughat

Urdu Lughat is a 22-volume Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary which was published by the Urdu Dictionary Board under the editorship of Molvi Abdul Haq and others in 1977.

## History and format

Urdu Lughat is composed in the style of the Oxford English Dictionary. It is the most comprehensive dictionary in the history of Urdu language. It is published by the Urdu Lughat Board, Karachi. The dictionary was edited by the honorary director general of the board Maulvi Abdul Haq who had already been working on an Urdu dictionary since the establishment of the Urdu Dictionary Board, Karachi, in 1958.
Urdu Lughat consists of 22 volumes. In 2019, the board prepared a concise version of the dictionary in two volumes. The dictionary also has an internet version and a mobile app with a sound option.
# Engineering & Technologies Academy

The Engineering & Technologies Academy (ETA) is a public engineering based magnet high school located at Theodore Roosevelt High School, in San Antonio, Texas. The Engineering and Technologies Academy has various engineering and science related curriculum such as manufacturing, communication graphics, principles of engineering, drafting and computer-Aided design, GIS, and information technologies. Students also have the ability to partake in off-campus internships related to various fields of engineering.
ETA was founded in 2004 by former director William Sturgis and former UTSA professor Richard Howe. ETA enrolled 97 freshman for 2009–2010. The majority of students at ETA participate in competitions in organizations such as FIRST, the Technology Student Association, and the University Interscholastic League. Some of the program's students are employed as interns at businesses such as Southwest Research Institute, Rackspace, and Zachry Construction Corporation.
As of 2023, with the creation of the Space & Engineering Technologies Academy at Roosevelt High School, the Engineering & Technologies Academy is currently being phased out in favor of the new program and is no longer accepting new students, with the final ETA senior class graduating in 2026.
# Blow-Me-Down Covered Bridge

The Blow-Me-Down Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge carrying Lang Road over Blow-me-down Brook in the town of Cornish, near its northern border with Plainfield, New Hampshire. Built in 1877, the kingpost structure is one of the state's few surviving 19th-century covered bridges. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

## Description

The Blow-Me-Down Covered Bridge is located in a rural section of Cornish, spanning Blow-me-down Brook on Lang Road a short way west of its junction with Platt Road. The bridge structure incorporates a single-span multiple kingpost truss that spans 85 feet (26 m) and has a roadway 14 feet (4.3 m) wide. It rests on natural granite ledges which have been levelled with dry-laid stone. It is covered by a metal roof, with vertical board siding on the sides and around the portals.

## History

The bridge was built in 1877 by James Frederick Tasker (1826–1903) for $528 (equivalent to $15,107 in 2023). The bridge was restored in 1980, and again in 2002. Its single lane is open to vehicular traffic, with a posted weight limit.
# Birmingham Public Schools

Birmingham Public Schools is a public school district in Metro Detroit in the U.S. state of Michigan, serving Birmingham, Bingham Farms, Beverly Hills, Franklin, and portions of Bloomfield Hills, Bloomfield Township, Southfield, Troy, and West Bloomfield.. The district is free to students who live within the district, and tuition-based programs are available to students outside of the district.

## History

In 1834, the first "district" school in Birmingham opened. This school was housed in John Hamilton's old log house at Hamilton Road and Old Woodward Ave. Rev. Lemuel M. Partridge served as the teacher. In 1856, the brick "Old Red Schoolhouse" was built at Maple and Southfield roads and served as a school until 1869. The Allen House, part of the Birmingham Historical Museum, now stands where the school was. A new school was built in 1869 and became the site of Birmingham's first high school. That first high school later became known as Baldwin High School, then in 1951, Birmingham High School, and in 1959, Seaholm High School. The former Baldwin High School later became Birmingham's first middle school.
Through the 1930s other districts had their own elementary schools and sent paid tuition students to Baldwin High School in the Birmingham district. Throughout the 1940s, other school districts in the area were encouraged by the state to join Birmingham's school district. Southfield joined in 1943, Bloomfield Village in 1946, Franklin in 1945 and Walnut Lake in 1947.

## Schools

Secondary Schools :
| School | Address | Notes |
| Birmingham Covington School | 1525 Covington Road Bloomfield Hills | Serves grades 3-8. Lottery-based enrollment open to students living within the district. Built 1967. |
| Berkshire Middle School | 21707 W. 14 Mile Road, Beverly Hills | Built 1963. |
| Derby Middle School | 1300 Derby Road, Birmingham | Built 1958. |
| Groves High School | 20500 W. 13 Mile Rd., Beverly Hills | Built 1959 |
| Seaholm High School | 2436 W. Lincoln, Birmingham | Built 1952 |
| Lincoln Street Alternative High School | 2436 W. Lincoln, Birmingham | Alternative high school, within Seaholm High School |
Elementary Schools :
| School | Address | Notes |
| Early Childhood Center | 2121 Midvale, Birmingham | Built 1957 |
| Beverly Elementary | 18305 Beverly, Beverly Hills | Built 1955 |
| Bingham Farms Elementary | 23400 13 Mile Road, Bingham Farms | Built 1968 |
| Greenfield Elementary | 31200 Fairfax Ave., Beverly Hills | New building opened 2006, replacing original 1957 building |
| Harlan Elementary | 3595 North Adams Road, Bloomfield Hills | New building opened 2007, replacing original 1957 building |
| Pembroke Elementary | 955 North Eton Road, Troy | Built 1955 |
| Pierce Elementary | 1829 Pierce, Birmingham | Built 1924 |
| Quarton Elementary | 771 Chesterfield, Birmingham | Built 1927 |
| West Maple Elementary | 6275 Inkster Road, Bloomfield Hills | Built 1968 |