# Haripuñjaya

Haripuñjaya (Central and Northern Thai: หริภุญชัย RTGS: Hariphunchai, also spelled Haribhuñjaya) was a Mon kingdom in what is now Northern Thailand, existing from the 7th or 8th to 13th century CE. Its capital was at Lamphun, which at the time was also called Haripuñjaya.$^{:77}$ In 1292 the city was besieged and captured by Mangrai of the Tai kingdom of Lan Na.$^{:208}$
The kingdom is referred to as K'un-lun in ancient Chinese records.$^{:143–44}$

## Founding

According to the Camadevivamsa, Jinakalamali and Singhanavati chronicles, the city was founded between 629–57 AD by four hermits named Suthep, Sukatanata, Tapanana, and Chantasikatungka. Hermit Sukatanata requested the Mon ruler of the Lavo Kingdom (present-day Lopburi) to send his daughter, Jamadevi, to become the first queen of the city. However, this date is now considered too early, and the actual beginning is placed at around 750 AD. At that time, most of what is now central Thailand was under the rule of various Mon city-states, known collectively as the Dvaravati kingdom. Queen Jamadevi gave birth to twins, the older succeeding her as the ruler of Lamphun, and the younger becoming ruler of neighboring Lampang.
The local legend said that at the beginning of her reign, Haripuñjaya's Jamadevi defeated the Lawa dynasty's Vilanga [th], the 13th king of Raming Nakhon (ระมิงค์นคร, present Chiang Mai), but her 2 princes married the 2 princesses of King Vilanga and both dynasties became allies.$^{:36}$

## Flourishing and downfall

In the twelfth century, during the reign of King Adityaraja, who, together with his brother Chadachota (จันทรโชติ), were previously princes of Suphannabhum but fled to Haripuñjaya after the kingdom was annexed by Lavo of Tambralinga's prince Kampoch,$^{:191}$ came into conflict with the Khmers who took over Lavo from Tambralinga in 1002. Adityaraja, with an assist from Suphannabhum,$^{:42}$ annexed Lavo in 1052 and appointed his brother, Chadachota, the king of Lavo. This marked the end of Khmer influence in the Menam Valley.$^{:252}$ Lamphun inscriptions from 1213, 1218, and 1219, mention King Sabbadhisiddhi endowing Buddhist monuments.$^{:195}$
The chronicles say that Austroasiatic-speaking people, possibly Kuy people and/or Lawa people, from the northern polity of Umongasela (อุโมงคเสลา) in the present-day Fang unsuccessfully besieged Haripuñjaya several times during the 10th–11th century. In 957, due to such invasions, a Haripuñjaya noble named Aphai Kamini (อภัยคามินี) went south and refounded Sukhothai, which previously was abandoned around the 6th century.$^{:13–14}$
The early 13th century was a golden time for Haripuñjaya, as the chronicles talk only about religious activities or constructing buildings, not about wars. Nevertheless, Haripuñjaya was besieged in 1292 by the Tai Yuan king Mangrai, who incorporated it into his Lan Na ("One Million Rice Fields") kingdom. The plan set up by Mangrai to overpower Haripuñjaya began by dispatching Ai Fa (Thai: อ้ายฟ้า) on an espionage mission to create chaos in Haripuñjaya. Ai Fa managed to spread discontent among the population, which weakened Haripuñjaya and made it possible for Mangrai to take the kingdom over.$^{:38}$ Phraya Yi Ba, the last king of Haripuñjaya, was forced to flee south to Lampang.$^{:208–209}$

## List of rulers

Names of monarchs of the Haripuñjaya kingdom according to Tamnan Hariphunchai (History of Kingdom of Haripuñjaya):
* Camadevi (662-669)
* Hanayos (669-749), son of the previous$^{:85}$
* Kumanjaraj (749-789), son of the previous.$^{:85}$
* Rudantra (789-816), son of the previous.$^{:85}$
* Sonamanjusaka (816-846)$^{:85}$
* Samsara (846-856), son of the previous.$^{:85}$
* Padumaraj (856-886)$^{:85}$
* Kusadeva (886-894)$^{:85}$
* Nokaraj
* Dasaraj
* Gutta
* Sera
* Yuvaraj
* Brahmtarayo
* Muksa
* Traphaka (924–927)$^{:86}$
* Uchitajakraphad, King of Lavo (927–930)$^{:86}$
* Kampol (930–951)$^{:86}$
* Jakaphadiraj, King of Atikuyaburi or Jinghong (951–960)$^{:87}$
* Vasudev
* Yeyyala
* Maharaj, King of Lampang
* Sela
* Kanjana
* Chilanka
* Phunthula
* Ditta
* Chettharaj
* Jeyakaraj
* Phatijjaraj
* Thamikaraj
* Ratharaj
* Saphasith
* Chettharaj
* Jeyakaraj
* Datvanyaraj
* Ganga
* Siribun
* Uthen
* Phanton
* Atana
* Havam
* Trangal (1195-1196)
* Yotta (1196-1270)
* Yip (1270-1292)