OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Mumbai under Hindu rule

The Ancient history of Mumbai recounts the history of Mumbai from 300 BCE to 1348 CE.

## History

The present day Mumbai was originally an archipelago of seven islands. Pleistocene sediments found around Kandivali on Salsette Island north of the seven islands by Todd in 1939 indicate that these islands were inhabited since the Stone Age. The archipelago had been named after the Koli Goddess Mumbadevi. The port of Sopara (present day Nala Sopara near Mumbai) was an important trading centre during ancient times. In the 3rd century BCE, the islands were incorporated into the Maurya Empire under the expansion campaign of Emperor Ashoka of Magadha. The empire's patronage gradually made the islands a centre of Hindu and Buddhist religion and culture. Buddhist monks, scholars, and artists created the artwork, inscriptions, and sculpture of the Kanheri and Mahakali caves. The total number of Buddhist cave temples numbered 109, dating from the end of the 2nd century BCE. After the decline of the Maurya Empire around 185 BCE, these islands fell to the Satvahanas.
The islands were known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150 CE. After the end of the Satvahana rule in 250 CE, the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra and Vakatakas of Vidarbha held dominion over Bombay. The Abhiras ruled for 167 years, till around 417 CE. During the 5th century, Bombay was ruled by the Kalachuris. These islands were then acquired by the Mauryas of Konkan, who were feudatories of Kalachuris. The Jogeshwari Caves were constructed during the Mauryan regime between 520 and 550. The Mauryan presence ended when the Chalukyas under Pulakeshin II invaded Bombay in 610. During 749–750, Dantidurga of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty conquered Bombay. The Silhara dynasty ruled the region between 810 and 1240. The Banganga Tank, Walkeshwar Temple, and Elephanta Caves were constructed under the patronage of the Silhara rulers. The Italian explorer Marco Polo had sailed through the islands of Bombay during the 13th century. In the 13th century, King Bhimdev had built his capital in Mahikawati, present day Mahim and Prabhadevi. After his death in 1303, he was succeeded by his son Pratapbimba, who had built his capital city at Marol in Salsette, which he named Pratappur. The islands were wrested from Pratapbimba's control by Mubarak, the emperor of Delhi, who had occupied Mahim and Salsette under his expansion campaign in 1318. But it was later reconquered by Pratapbimba, which he ruled till 1331. Later, his brother-in-law Nagardev reigned for 17 years till 1348. In 1348, the islands came under the control of the Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat, thus ending the sovereignty of Hindu rulers over the islands of Bombay.
# Deep Dasgupta

Deep Dasgupta (pronunciation; born 7 June 1977) is a former Indian cricketer who played in eight Test matches and five One Day Internationals between 2001 and 2006 as the national wicketkeeper and was later replaced by Ajay Ratra. He is now a Hindi and English commentator.
He later joined the Indian Cricket League, where he played for the Royal Bengal Tigers. Nowadays he is a commentator.

## Early life

Although born in Kolkata and Bengali by birth, Dasgupta grew up in Delhi.

## Education

Dasgupta studied at the Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, New Delhi.

## Cricket career

Dasgupta started his career as an opening batsman-wicketkeeper. His ability behind the stumps and on the crease placed him to become a reliable member of the Bengal Ranji Squad.
Dasgupta was included in India's squad to South Africa in 2001. His debut series was an eventful one, in which the famous incident involving Mike Denness took place. Dasgupta was one of the six cricketers along with Sachin Tendulkar, virender Sehwag, Saurav Ganguly, Harbhajan Singh, and Shiv Sunder Das to be banned by Denness for one Test. While Tendulkar was banned for ball-tampering, Ganguly, the captain, was banned for his 'inability to control the behavior of his team'. The rest, including Dasgupta, were suspended for excessive appealing.
Dasgupta scored a century against England at Mohali in the first Test of the 2001 series.
Later he continued with Bengal in the Ranji trophy. Deep Dasgupta has been one of the most successful captains the Bengal Ranji team has ever had. He is only the second captain after Sambaran Banerjee to lead the team to two Ranji Trophy finals in consecutive seasons (06-07). Both times they lost to Uttar Pradesh and Mumbai respectively.

## Cricket commentary

Dasgupta is currently a commentator in India and can be seen doing that very often during the Indian Premier League and was also the part of commentary team during the ICC World T20 2016 in India.

## Personal life

After a courtship of three years, Dasgupta married Amrita.
# Babilonie

The Babilonie is a hillfort of the La Tène culture at a height of 255.6 metres above sea level on the northern edge of a rounded hill in the Wiehen Hills above the Lübbecke village of Obermehnen in the district of Minden-Lübbecke in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The name is derived from the Germanic baben in the lon i.e. "up in the woods".
The wedge-shaped, double-rampart system, which descends from south to north with the slope, was investigated archaeologically in the first half of the last century, especially by Friedrich Langewiesche, who assessed it as a refuge castle.
Ceramic and even metalwork finds indicate that it belongs to the La Tène culture in the pre-Roman Iron Age, e vorrömische Eisenzeit, therefore probably part of an extensive trading network. The fortification has an area of over 12 hectares. The first mapping of this hilltop, which was exceptionally well-suited to the establishment of a large hillfort with its spring high up the hills, was carried out after 1880.
Ceramic finds from the Saxon-Frankish period have also been discovered.
According to Paul Höfer there is a legend that refers to Wittekind.

## Sources

* Torsten Capelle: Wallburgen in Westfalen-Lippe. Herausgegeben von der Altertumskommission für Westfalen, Münster, 2010, ISSN 0939-4745, p. 22f. No. FBW 12 (Frühe Burgen in Westfalen Sonderband 1)
# New Woman (disambiguation)

New Woman may refer to:
* New Woman, a feminist ideal emerging in the late 19th century
* "New Woman" (song), a 2024 song by Thai rapper Lisa featuring Spanish singer Rosalía
* The New Woman, a novel written by the Polish writer Bolesław Prus
* New Woman (magazine), an Indian lifestyle magazine
* New Women, 1935 Chinese silent film
# List of Egyptian films of 2010

A list of films produced in Egypt in 2010. For an A-Z list of films currently on Wikipedia, see Category:Egyptian films.
| Date | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| 10 November | Alzheimer's (Zahaimar) | Amr Arafa | Adel Emam | Comedy | |
# List of Egyptian films of 1998

A list of films produced in Egypt in 1998. For an A-Z list of films currently on Wikipedia, see Category:Egyptian films.
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| Edhak El Soura Tetlaa Helwa (Smile, the Photo will be Nice) | Sherif Arafa | Ahmad Zaki | Social Drama | |
| Resala Ela Alwaly (A Message to the Governor) | Nader Galal | Adel Emam, Yousra, Mustafa Metwalli | Comedy | |
# Timothy Kelly (sports executive)

Timothy Kelly, (born 1980) originally from Levittown, is currently Senior Vice President of Legal and Assistant General Counsel for Hall of Fame Resort and Entertainment Company (Hall of Fame Village surrounding the Pro Football Hall of Fame) in Canton. Prior to this he worked as Business Affairs Executive at William Morris Endeavor in their sports division. Early in his career Kelly also served as the General Manager for the Long Island Lizards of Major League Lacrosse, the Chief Operating Officer of the New York Titans of the National Lacrosse League, and the New York Dragons of the Arena Football League. He is a 2002 graduate of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and a 2005 graduate of Brooklyn Law School in Brooklyn, New York.
# Triphenyltin hydroxide

Triphenyltin hydroxide is an organotin compound with formula Sn(C$_6$H$_5$)$_3$OH. Triphenyltin hydroxide is used as a fungicide for potatoes, sugar beets, and pecans. It was first registered for use as a pesticide in the United States in 1971.

## Structure

While triphenyltin hydroxide is often depicted as a monomer, it crystallizes as a polymer with a bridging hydroxide groups. The Sn-O distances are 2.18 and 2.250 Å. Many organotin compounds engage in similar aggregation equilibria.
# Léa Villiot

Léa Villiot (born 11 February 1997) is a French ice hockey player and member of the French national team. She plays in the FFHG Féminin Élite with the Remparts de Tours.
She represented France at the Top Division tournament of the IIHF Women's World Championship in 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship and at six Division I, Group A tournaments.
# Sally Mansfield

Marie Mahder (December 3, 1923 – January 28, 2001), better known by her stage name Sally Mansfield, was an American television character actress; she also had a few small roles in feature films including one with Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis.

## Television career

Mansfield portrayed Connie on Bachelor Father and appeared on many popular TV shows in the 1950s and 1960s, including Death Valley Days, The Donna Reed Show, Hazel, The Andy Griffith Show, and The Phil Silvers Show. She was also an accomplished dancer, performed with the Don Arden Dancers in New York City and Las Vegas, and entertained US troops in Korea.
She is perhaps best remembered, however, for her 1954 role as spaceship navigator Vena Ray on the syndicated science fiction show Rocky Jones, Space Ranger. She was chosen from 300 who auditioned. Her character anticipated Nichelle Nichols' much more famous role as a female spaceship bridge officer on the 1960s television series Star Trek. The same year Mansfield carried the Miss Emmy torch at the Palladium during the sixth annual Academy of Television Arts & Sciences awards banquet.
Executive Producer, Guy V. Thayer Jr., signed Richard Crane and Mansfield to five-year contracts for Rocky Jones, Space Ranger. One of the contract stipulations was that the still-single Mansfield would not marry and Crane would not divorce his wife of eight years.

## Death

Mansfield died of lung cancer in Westlake Village, California on January 28, 2001, at the age of 77. She is interred in Westwood Memorial Park, Los Angeles.

## Selected television roles

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1953 | Death Valley Days | Dodie Trumbull | Season 2, Episode 2, "Little Washington" |
| 1953 | Death Valley Days | Wilhelmina Cannon | Episode, "Sego Lilies" |
| 1961 | Bachelor Father | Connie | Episode "The Law and Kelly Gregg" |
| 1962 | Bachelor Father | Connie | Episode "Kelly the Yes Man" |
| 1962 | Bachelor Father | Connie | Episode "Kelly's Engagement" |
# Yangman

The Yangman were an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory.

## Language

The Yangman language was closely related to Wardaman and Dalabon, and survives fragmentarily as passive knowledge among a few Mangarrayi people, descendants through intermarriage of Yangman who once worked at Elsey Station and around Mataranka. Jimmy Daniels (d.1986) was the last known fluent native speaker, though rather reluctant to think back in his mother-tongue, and left a record of some 500 words in interviews with the linguist Francesca Merlan.

## Country

In Tindale's estimation the Yangman's territory extended over some 5,600 square miles (15,000 km$^2$) covering basically the plateau terrain lying between the Roper and Victoria river systems. Its southern reaches extended to Elsey Creek, south of Mataranka, especially around Warlock Ponds, as far as Daly Waters. The Wardaman people lay to their west.
# Bent Christensen (footballer, born 1963)

Bent Egsmark Christensen (born 2 February 1963) is a Danish football coach and former player who is the head coach of Odder IGF. In his active career, Christensen played as a midfielder, who spent his career with Værløse BK, Lyngby FC and BSC Young Boys, and played four games for the Denmark national football team.
# Window Falls (Hanging Rock)

Window Falls is a waterfall in North Central North Carolina, located in Hanging Rock State Park in Stokes County.

## Geology

The subject watercourse is Indian Creek, which flows through Hanging Rock State Park. The falls is situated adjacent to a rock formation that has a small aperture that visitors can peer through, giving the falls its name.

## Visiting the Falls

The falls are open to the public and are accessible beginning at a parking area on the side of Hall Road. Visitors may take a moderate-difficulty 0.6-mile (1 km) trail to the falls. Visitors will pass the viewing area for Hidden Falls along the way.

## Nearby Falls

Unlisted on park maps is a small, unnamed, 15 ft. (4 m.) high waterfall directly above Window Falls.
Hanging Rock State Park hosts 4 other waterfalls:
* Tory's Falls
* Lower Cascades
* Upper Cascades
* Hidden Falls
# Moritz Grünwald

Moritz Grünwald (also spelled Greenwald; 20 March 1853 – 10 June 1895) was the Chief Rabbi in the cities of Bjelovar, Písek, and Mladá Boleslav, and later served as Chief Rabbi for the Principality of Bulgaria. Additionally, he was a writer and editor who wrote about the history of Jews and on linguistics of Jewish languages.

## Early life and education

Grünwald was born in Uherské Hradiště in the Austrian Empire (now the Czech Republic). He attended both the University of Vienna and the Leipzig University, attaining degrees in philosophy and theology. In 1881, he was ordained as a rabbi by the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau, and appointed Chief Rabbi of Bjelovar in modern-day Croatia. From 1884 and 1893, he served as Chief Rabbi in the cities of Písek and Mladá Boleslav in Bohemia.

## Career

In 1891, Dr. Szymon Dankowicz [he], the Chief Rabbi of Bulgaria, was forced to resign after a dispute with the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Religions, Dimitar Grekov, and 2 years later, Grünwald was appointed to the position for a three-year term, during which the Jewish education revolution in Bulgaria began. In his position, he was very involved in education, and wrote a guide for Jewish teachers and instructed faculty in the schools in the community, while simultaneously conducting research on the history of Bulgarian Jewry, traveling the land and examining tombstones and archaeological sites. During his tenure, regulations for his position were amended, stating 3 qualifications:
* Must be a graduate of a rabbinical seminary and hold a doctorate degree
* Be at least 35 years old
* Served at least 5 years as a rabbi or teacher at a seminary
* Be elected by the Jewish Consistory of Bulgaria [he] with 75% or more of the vote

### Writings

During his tenure, many anti-Semitic incidents occurred in Bulgaria, and Grünwald , in response, published a number of articles in Bulgarian newspapers. According to many sources, he was disappointed by the intrigues within Bulgarian Jewry, which interfered with his work, and he asked to leave his position before reaching the end of his term.
As a Yiddish philologist, he embraced a German identity within Ashkenazi Jewish language. He stated that it should be considered "analogous to other German dialects". Taking interest in Sephardic Jewry, he also published a monograph of Judezmo in 1882, the first to do so. For over a decade, he was an editor for Das jüdische Centralblatt auch Archiv für die Geschichte der Juden in Böhmen

## Final years and family

In June 1895, he left for London after a job offer for a rabbinical position to replace Dr. Mayer Lerner in the Federation of Synagogues. Soon into his visit, he fell ill and died at the age of 42. His sudden death was mourned with great feeling in Bulgaria, as he was still very popular there. Grünwald was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Edmonton, London. He left behind a large bibliography, including books on the history of Bohemian Jews and on rabbis, such as Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz.
Some of his direct descendants immigrated to Ibiza in 1932 and later faught in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the Republican faction
# Joël Gauvin

Joël Gauvin (born 24 July 1939) is a French former ice hockey defenceman. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Mati (given name)

Mati is a male given name.
People named Mati include:
* Mati Ahven (1943–2022), Estonian politician
* Mati Alaver (born 1954), Estonian skier and coach
* Mati Erelt (born 1941), Estonian linguist
* Mati Ilisson (born 1960), Estonian politician
* Mati Karmin (born 1959), Estonian sculptor
* Mati Kepp (born 1947), Estonian politician
* Mati Klarwein (1932–2002), German painter
* Mati Klooren (1938–2000), Estonian actor
* Mati Kuulberg (1947–2001), Estonian composer and violinist
* Mati Laur (born 1955), Estonian historian
* Mati Lember (born 1985), Estonian football player
* Mati Mark (1941–2008), Estonian sport shooter
* Mati Meos (born 1946), Estonian engineer and politician
* Mati Nei (born 1942), Estonian chess player
* Mati Nuude (1941–2001), Estonian singer and weightlifter
* Mati Pari (born 1974), Estonian football player
* Mati Pentus [ru] (born 1967), Russian mathematician of Estonian descent
* Mati Raidma (born 1965), Estonian politician
* Mati Shemoelof (born 1972), Israeli poet, editor, journalist and activist
* Mati Sirkel (born 1949), Estonian translator and writer
* Mati Talvik (1942–2018), Estonian television journalist
* Mati Unt (1944–2005), Estonian writer, essayist and theatre director
* Mati Vaarmann (born 1951), Estonian diplomat
* Mati Vaikjärv (born 1944), Estonian archer
* Matías Fernández (born 1986; also known as Mati Fernández), Chilean football player
# Khajan-e Chahar Dang

Khajan-e Chahar Dang (Persian: خاجان چهاردانگ, also Romanized as Khājān-e Chahār Dāng) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 591, in 204 families, up from 553 people in 2006.
# Lesser moa

The lesser moa (family Emeidae) were a family in the moa order Dinornithiformes. About two-thirds of all moa species are in the lesser moa family. The moa were ratites from New Zealand: flightless birds with a sternum but without a keel. They also have a distinctive palate. The origin of the ratites is becoming clearer as it is now believed that early ancestors of these birds were able to fly and flew to the southern areas that they have been found in.

## Species

Currently, six species of lesser moa are recognised, belonging to four genera. These are:
* Genus Anomalopteryx
** Bush moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis (North and South Island, New Zealand)
* Genus Emeus
** Eastern moa, Emeus crassus (South Island, New Zealand)
* Genus Euryapteryx
** Broad-billed moa, Euryapteryx curtus (North and South Island, New Zealand)
* Genus Pachyornis
** Heavy-footed moa, Pachyornis elephantopus (South Island, New Zealand)
** Mantell's moa, Pachyornis geranoides (North Island, New Zealand)
** Crested moa, Pachyornis australis (South Island, New Zealand)
# Kazh Deh

Kazh Deh (Persian: كژده) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 881, in 279 families, lower than 2,623 people in 2006 census.
# Cristoforo Madruzzo

Cristoforo Madruzzo (5 July 1512 – 5 July 1578) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and statesman. His brother Eriprando was a mercenary captain who fought in the Italian Wars.

## Biography

Madruzzo was born on 5 July 1512 at Calavino, into a noble family in Trento. He studied at Padua and Bologna, received in 1529 from his older brother a canonicate at Trento and the parish of Tirol near Meran, was in 1536 a Canon of Salzburg, in 1537 of Brixen, and in 1539 became Prince-Bishop of Trento. Being only a subdeacon at the time, he was promoted to the deaconship, priesthood and episcopate in 1542.
In December 1542, he was appointed administrator of the Bishopric of Brixen, and shortly afterwards, during the same year, he was raised to the dignity of a cardinal by Pope Paul III. Having resigned his bishopric at Trento in 1567 in favour of his nephew Ludovico, he spent the latter years of his life in Italy, and became Cardinal Bishop successively of Sabina, Palestrina, and Porto. A few years after his death, his remains were entombed in the family chapel, in the church of Sant'Onofrio, Rome.
Charles V and his brother, King Ferdinand I, afterwards emperor, esteemed him very highly and employed him in many important and delicate missions. He took an active part in the imperial Diet of Ratisbon as representative of the emperor, and upheld strenuously the Catholic teaching against the heresy of Martin Luther.
Madruzzo was also governor of Milan for 20 months.
In addition to his two sees he received in 1546, by the favour of Charles V, a yearly allowance of 2,000 ducats from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
He died in Tivoli, Italy, on 5 July 1578, his 66th birthday.

### Council of Trent

As cardinal, Bishop of Trent, and temporal ruler of that principality, he played a prominent part in the Council of Trent. Among other things he insisted that the reform of the Church should be taken up in earnest, a matter much desired by Charles V, and by which it was hoped to win the Protestants back to the Church. It was largely due to his efforts that this subject was discussed and enactments of that character were passed in each session together with decisions on doctrinal matters. During the Council, he opposed Cardinal Pacheco and others who wanted to ban all vernacular translations of the Bible. He was also intent upon promoting a truly religious and Christian life among both the people and the ecclesiastics under his jurisdiction. He was himself cultured and learned, and patronized the liberal arts and learning.
# Galaxy J7

Galaxy J7 could refer to:
* Samsung Galaxy J7
* Galaxy Airlines (Japan) (IATA: J7)