# Tyrant flycatcher

The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) comprise a family of passerine birds which is found virtually throughout North and South America. It is the world's largest family of birds, with more than 400 species, and is the most diverse avian family in every country in the Americas, except for the United States and Canada. The members vary greatly in shape, patterns, size, and colors. Some tyrant flycatchers may superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, which they are named after but are not closely related to. The Tyrannidae is a member of suborder Tyranni (suboscines), a group that lacks the sophisticated vocal capabilities of most other songbirds.
A number of species previously included in this family are now placed in the family Tityridae (see Systematics). Sibley and Alquist in their 1990 bird taxonomy had the genera Mionectes, Leptopogon, Pseudotriccus, Poecilotriccus, Taenotriccus, Hemitriccus, Todirostrum and Corythopis as a separate family Pipromorphidae, but although it is still thought that these genera are basal to most of the family, they are not each other's closest relatives.

## Description

Most species are rather plain, with various hues of brown, gray and white commonplace, often providing some degree of presumed camouflage. Obvious exceptions include the bright red vermilion flycatcher, blue, black, white and yellow many-colored rush-tyrant and some species of tody-flycatchers or tyrants, which are often yellow, black, white and/or rufous, from the Todirostrum, Hemitriccus and Poecilotriccus genera. Several species have bright yellow underparts, from the ornate flycatcher to the great kiskadee. Some species have erectile crests. Several of the large genera (i.e. Elaenia, Myiarchus or Empidonax) are quite difficult to tell apart in the field due to similar plumage and some are best distinguished by their voices. Behaviorally they can vary from species such as spadebills which are tiny, shy and live in dense forest interiors to kingbirds, which are relatively large, bold, inquisitive and often inhabit open areas near human habitations. As the name implies, a great majority of tyrant flycatchers are almost entirely insectivorous (though not necessarily specialized in flies). Tyrant flycatchers are largely opportunistic feeders and often catch any flying or arboreal insect they encounter. However, food can vary greatly and some (like the large great kiskadee) will eat fruit or small vertebrates (e.g. small frogs). In North America, most species are associated with a "sallying" feeding style, where they fly up to catch an insect directly from their perch and then immediately return to the same perch. Most tropical species, however, do not feed in this fashion and several types prefer to glean insects from leaves and bark. Tropical species are sometimes found in mixed-species foraging flocks, where various types of passerines and other smallish birds are found feeding in proximity.
The smallest family members are the closely related short-tailed pygmy tyrant and black-capped pygmy tyrant from the genus Myiornis (the first species usually being considered marginally smaller on average). These species reach a total length of 6.5–7 cm (2.6–2.8 in) and a weight of 4 to 5 g (0.14 to 0.18 oz). By length, they are the smallest passerines on earth, although some species of Old World warblers apparently rival them in their minuscule mean body masses if not in total length. The minuscule size and very short tail of the Myiornis pygmy tyrants often lend them a resemblance to a tiny ball or insect. The largest tyrant flycatcher is the great shrike-tyrant at 29 cm (11 in) and 99.2 grams (0.219 pounds). A few species such as the streamer-tailed tyrant, scissor-tailed flycatcher and fork-tailed flycatcher have a larger total length — up to 41 cm (16 in) in the fork-tailed flycatcher at least — but this is mainly due to their extremely long tails; the fork-tailed flycatcher has the longest tail feathers of any known bird relative to their size (this being in reference to true tail feathers, not to be confused with elongated tail streamers as seen in some from the Phasianidae family of galliforms).

## Habitat and distribution

Species richness of Tyrannidae, when compared to habitat, is highly variable, although most every land habitat in the Americas has at least some of these birds. The habitats of tropical lowland evergreen forest and montane evergreen forest have the highest single site species diversity while many habitats including rivers, palm forest, white sand forest, tropical deciduous forest edge, southern temperate forest, southern temperate forest edge, semi-humid/humid montane scrub, and northern temperate grassland have the lowest single species diversity. The variation between the highest and the lowest is extreme; ninety species can be found in the tropical lowland evergreen forests while the number of species that can be found in the habitats listed above typically are in the single digits. This may be due in part to the fewer niches found in certain areas and therefore fewer places for the species to occupy.
Tyrannidae specialization among habitats is very strong in tropical lowland evergreen forests and montane evergreen forests. These habitat types, therefore, display the greatest specialization. The counts differ by three species (tropical lowland evergreen forests have 49 endemic species and montane evergreen forests have 46 endemic species). It can be assumed that they both have similar levels of specialization.
Regionally, the Atlantic Forest has the highest species richness with the Chocó following closely behind.

## Status and conservation

The northern beardless tyrannulet (Camptostoma imberbe) is protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918. This species is common south of the US border. The situation for a number of other species from South and Central America is far more problematic. In 2007, BirdLife International (and consequently IUCN) considered two species, the Minas Gerais tyrannulet and Kaempfer's tody-tyrant critically endangered. Both are endemic to Brazil. Additionally, seven species were considered endangered and eighteen species vulnerable.

## Systematics

The family's name is derived from an early description of the eastern kingbird as "the tyrant" by naturalist Mark Catesby in the 1730s. Carl Linnaeus adopted that name for the entire family Tyrannidae, because he admired Catesby's work.
The family contains 447 species divided into 104 genera. A full list, sortable by common and binomial names, is at list of tyrant flycatcher species. Species in the genera Tityra, Pachyramphus, Laniocera and Xenopsaris were formerly placed in this family, but evidence suggested they belong in their own family, the Tityridae, where they are now placed by SACC.
| Genus | Species |
| Piprites Cabanis, 1847 | Wing-barred piprites (Piprites chloris) Grey-headed piprites (Piprites griseiceps) Black-capped piprites (Piprites pileata) |
| Phyllomyias Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Planalto tyrannulet, Phyllomyias fasciatus Yungas tyrannulet, Phyllomyias weedeni Greenish tyrannulet, Phyllomyias virescens Reiser's tyrannulet, Phyllomyias reiseri Urich's tyrannulet, Phyllomyias urichi Sclater's tyrannulet, Phyllomyias sclateri Grey-capped tyrannulet, Phyllomyias griseocapilla Sooty-headed tyrannulet, Phyllomyias griseiceps Plumbeous-crowned tyrannulet, Phyllomyias plumbeiceps |
| Acrochordopus Berlepsch & Hellmayr, 1905 | Rough-legged tyrannulet, Acrochordopus burmeisteri White-fronted tyrannulet, Acrochordopus zeledoni |
| Tyranniscus Cabanis & Heine, 1860 | Black-capped tyrannulet, Tyranniscus nigrocapillus Ashy-headed tyrannulet, Tyranniscus cinereiceps Tawny-rumped tyrannulet, Tyranniscus uropygialis |
| Tyrannulus Vieillot, 1816 | Yellow-crowned tyrannulet,Tyrannulus elatus |
| Myiopagis Salvin & Godman, 1888 | Gray-headed elaenia (Myiopagis caniceps) Choco elaenia (Myiopagis parambae) Amazonian elaenia (Myiopagis cinerea) Jamaican elaenia (Myiopagis cotta) Yellow-crowned elaenia (Myiopagis flavivertex) Forest elaenia (Myiopagis gaimardii) Foothill elaenia (Myiopagis olallai) Pacific elaenia (Myiopagis subplacens) Greenish elaenia (Myiopagis viridicata) |
| Elaenia Sundevall, 1836 | Yellow-bellied elaenia, Elaenia flavogaster Caribbean elaenia, Elaenia martinica Large elaenia, Elaenia spectabilis Noronha elaenia, Elaenia ridleyana White-crested elaenia, Elaenia albiceps Chilean elaenia, Elaenia chilensis Small-billed elaenia, Elaenia parvirostris Olivaceous elaenia, Elaenia mesoleuca Slaty elaenia, Elaenia strepera Mottle-backed elaenia, Elaenia gigas Brownish elaenia, Elaenia pelzelni Plain-crested elaenia, Elaenia cristata Lesser elaenia, Elaenia chiriquensis Coopmans's elaenia, Elaenia brachyptera Rufous-crowned elaenia, Elaenia ruficeps Mountain elaenia, Elaenia frantzii Highland elaenia, Elaenia obscura Small-headed elaenia, Elaenia sordida Great elaenia, Elaenia dayi Sierran elaenia, Elaenia pallatangae Tepui elaenia, Elaenia olivina Greater Antillean elaenia, Elaenia fallax |
| Ornithion Hartlaub, 1853 | Brown-capped tyrannulet (Ornithion brunneicapillus) White-lored tyrannulet (Ornithion inerme) Yellow-bellied tyrannulet (Ornithion semiflavum) |
| Camptostoma P.L. Sclater, 1857 | Northern beardless tyrannulet, Camptostoma imberbe Southern beardless tyrannulet, Camptostoma obsoletum |
| Suiriri d'Orbigny, 1840 | Suiriri flycatcher, Suiriri suiriri |
| Mecocerculus P.L. Sclater, 1862 | White-throated tyrannulet, Mecocerculus leucophrys White-tailed tyrannulet, Mecocerculus poecilocercus Buff-banded tyrannulet, Mecocerculus hellmayri Rufous-winged tyrannulet, Mecocerculus calopterus Sulphur-bellied tyrannulet, Mecocerculus minor White-banded tyrannulet, Mecocerculus stictopterus |
| Anairetes Reichenbach, 1850 | Ash-breasted tit-tyrant, Anairetes alpinus Black-crested tit-tyrant, Anairetes nigrocristatus Pied-crested tit-tyrant, Anairetes reguloides Yellow-billed tit-tyrant, Anairetes flavirostris Juan Fernández tit-tyrant, Anairetes fernandezianus Tufted tit-tyrant, Anairetes parulus |
| Uromyias Hellmayr, 1927 | Agile tit-tyrant, Uromyias agilis Unstreaked tit-tyrant, Uromyias agraphia |
| Serpophaga Gould, 1839 | Torrent tyrannulet (Serpophaga cinerea) River tyrannulet (Serpophaga hypoleuca) Sooty tyrannulet (Serpophaga nigricans) White-crested tyrannulet (Serpophaga subcristata) Straneck's tyrannulet (Serpophaga griseicapilla) |
| Nesotriccus Townsend, CH, 1895 | Southern mouse-colored tyrannulet, Nesotriccus murinus Northern mouse-colored tyrannulet, Nesotriccus incomtus Cocos tyrannulet, Nesotriccus ridgwayi Tumbesian tyrannulet, Nesotriccus tumbezanus Maranon tyrannulet, Nesotriccus maranonicus |
| Capsiempis Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Yellow tyrannulet, Capsiempis flaveola |
| Polystictus Reichenbach, 1850 | Bearded tachuri (Polystictus pectoralis) Grey-backed tachuri (Polystictus superciliaris) |
| Pseudocolopteryx Lillo, 1905 | Crested doradito (Pseudocolopteryx sclateri) Subtropical doradito (Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis) Dinelli's doradito (Pseudocolopteryx dinelliana) Warbling doradito (Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris) Ticking doradito (Pseudocolopteryx citreola) |
| Pseudotriccus Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885 | Bronze-olive pygmy tyrant (Pseudotriccus pelzelni) Rufous-headed pygmy tyrant (Pseudotriccus ruficeps) Hazel-fronted pygmy tyrant (Pseudotriccus simplex) |
| Corythopis Sundevall, 1836 | Ringed antpipit, Corythopis torquatus Southern antpipit, Corythopis delalandi |
| Euscarthmus Wied-Neuwied, 1831 | Fulvous-crowned scrub tyrant, Euscarthmus meloryphus Fulvous-faced scrub tyrant, Euscarthmus fulviceps Rufous-sided scrub tyrant, Euscarthmus rufomarginatus |
| Pseudelaenia W. Lanyon, 1988 | Grey-and-white tyrannulet (Pseudelaenia leucospodia) |
| Stigmatura Sclater & Salvin, 1866 | Lesser wagtail-tyrant (Stigmatura napensis) Bahia wagtail-tyrant (Stigmatura bahiae) Greater wagtail-tyrant (Stigmatura budytoides) Caatinga wagtail-tyrant (Stigmatura (budytoides) gracilis) |
| Zimmerius Traylor, 1977 | Guatemalan tyrannulet (Zimmerius vilissimus) Mistletoe tyrannulet (Zimmerius parvus) Spectacled tyrannulet (Zimmerius improbus) Venezuelan tyrannulet (Zimmerius petersi) Bolivian tyrannulet (Zimmerius bolivianus) Red-billed tyrannulet (Zimmerius cinereicapilla) Mishana tyrannulet (Zimmerius villarejoi) Chico's tyrannulet (Zimmerius chicomendesi) Slender-footed tyrannulet (Zimmerius gracilipes) Guianan tyrannulet (Zimmerius acer) Golden-faced tyrannulet (Zimmerius chrysops) Coopmans's tyrannulet (Zimmerius minimus) Choco tyrannulet (Zimmerius albigularis) Loja tyrannulet (Zimmerius flavidifrons) Peruvian tyrannulet (Zimmerius viridiflavus) |
| Pogonotriccus Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Variegated bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus poecilotis Chapman's bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus chapmani Marble-faced bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus Spectacled bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus orbitalis Venezuelan bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus venezuelanus Antioquia bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus lanyoni Southern bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus eximius São Paulo bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus paulista Serra do Mar bristle tyrant, Pogonotriccus difficilis |
| Phylloscartes Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Mottle-cheeked tyrannulet, Phylloscartes ventralis Alagoas tyrannulet, Phylloscartes ceciliae Restinga tyrannulet, Phylloscartes kronei Bahia tyrannulet, Phylloscartes beckeri Panama tyrannulet, Phylloscartes flavovirens Olive-green tyrannulet, Phylloscartes virescens Ecuadorian tyrannulet, Phylloscartes gualaquizae Black-fronted tyrannulet, Phylloscartes nigrifrons Rufous-browed tyrannulet, Phylloscartes superciliaris Rufous-lored tyrannulet, Phylloscartes flaviventris Cinnamon-faced tyrannulet, Phylloscartes parkeri Minas Gerais tyrannulet, Phylloscartes roquettei Oustalet's tyrannulet, Phylloscartes oustaleti Bay-ringed tyrannulet, Phylloscartes sylviolus |
| Mionectes Cabanis, 1844 | Streak-necked flycatcher, Mionectes striaticollis Olive-striped flycatcher, Mionectes galbinus Olive-streaked flycatcher, Mionectes olivaceus Ochre-bellied flycatcher, Mionectes oleagineus McConnell's flycatcher, Mionectes macconnelli Sierra de Lema flycatcher, Mionectes roraimae Grey-hooded flycatcher, Mionectes rufiventris |
| Leptopogon Cabanis, 1844 | Rufous-breasted flycatcher, Leptopogon rufipectus Inca flycatcher, Leptopogon taczanowskii Sepia-capped flycatcher, Leptopogon amaurocephalus Slaty-capped flycatcher, Leptopogon superciliaris |
| Guyramemua Lopes et al., 2017 | Chapada flycatcher (Guyramemua affine) |
| Sublegatus Sclater & Salvin, 1868 | Northern scrub flycatcher (Sublegatus arenarum) Southern scrub flycatcher (Sublegatus modestus) Amazonian scrub flycatcher (Sublegatus obscurior) |
| Inezia Cherrie, 1909 | Slender-billed inezia, Inezia tenuirostris Plain inezia, Inezia inornata Amazonian inezia, Inezia subflava Pale-tipped inezia, Inezia caudata |
| Myiophobus Reichenbach, 1850 | Olive-chested flycatcher (Myiophobus cryptoxanthus) Flavescent flycatcher (Myiophobus flavicans) Unadorned flycatcher (Myiophobus inornatus) Orange-crested flycatcher (Myiophobus phoenicomitra) Roraiman flycatcher (Myiophobus roraimae) Bran-colored flycatcher (Myiophobus fasciatus) Mouse-gray flycatcher (Myiophobus crypterythrus) Rufescent flycatcher (Myiophobus rufescens) |
| Nephelomyias (Ohlson, Fjeldsa and Ericson, 2009) | Orange-banded flycatcher (Nephelomyias lintoni) Ochraceous-breasted flycatcher (Nephelomyias ochraceiventris) Handsome flycatcher (Nephelomyias pulcher) |
| Myiotriccus Ridgway, 1905 | Ornate flycatcher (Myiotriccus ornatus) |
| Tachuris Lafresnaye, 1836 | Many-coloured rush tyrant (Tachuris rubrigastra) |
| Culicivora Swainson, 1827 | Sharp-tailed grass tyrant (Culicivora caudacuta) |
| Hemitriccus Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Snethlage's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus minor Boat-billed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus josephinae Flammulated bamboo tyrant, Hemitriccus flammulatus Drab-breasted bamboo tyrant, Hemitriccus diops Brown-breasted bamboo tyrant, Hemitriccus obsoletus White-eyed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus zosterops Zimmer's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus minimus Eye-ringed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus orbitatus Johannes's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus iohannis Stripe-necked tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus striaticollis Hangnest tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus nidipendulus Yungas tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus spodiops Pearly-vented tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Pelzeln's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus inornatus Black-throated tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus granadensis Buff-throated tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus rufigularis Cinnamon-breasted tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus Buff-breasted tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus mirandae Kaempfer's tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus kaempferi Fork-tailed tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus furcatus White-bellied tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus griseipectus Acre tody-tyrant, Hemitriccus cohnhafti |
| Myiornis Bertoni, A.W., 1901 | White-bellied pygmy tyrant (Myiornis albiventris) Eared pygmy tyrant (Myiornis auricularis) Black-capped pygmy tyrant (Myiornis atricapillus) Short-tailed pygmy tyrant (Myiornis ecaudatus) |
| Oncostoma P.L. Sclater, 1862 | Northern bentbill (Oncostoma cinereigulare) Southern bentbill (Oncostoma olivaceum) |
| Lophotriccus Berlepsch, 1884 | Scale-crested pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus pileatus Double-banded pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus vitiosus Long-crested pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus eulophotes Helmeted pygmy tyrant, Lophotriccus galeatus |
| Atalotriccus Ridgway, 1905 | Pale-eyed pygmy tyrant (Atalotriccus pilaris) |
| Poecilotriccus Berlepsch, 1884 | Rufous-crowned tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus ruficeps Lulu's tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus luluae White-cheeked tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus albifacies Black-and-white tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus capitalis Buff-cheeked tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus senex Ruddy tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus russatus Ochre-faced tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps Smoky-fronted tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus fumifrons Rusty-fronted tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus latirostris Slaty-headed tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus sylvia Golden-winged tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus calopterus Black-backed tody-flycatcher, Poecilotriccus pulchellus |
| Taeniotriccus Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902 | Black-chested tyrant (Taeniotriccus andrei) |
| Todirostrum – typical tody-flycatchers Lesson, 1831 | Spotted tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum maculatum Yellow-lored tody-flycatcher or grey-headed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum poliocephalum Maracaibo tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum viridanum Black-headed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum nigriceps Painted tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum pictum Common tody-flycatcher or black-fronted tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum cinereum Yellow-browed tody-flycatcher, Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum |
| Cnipodectes P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1873 | Brownish twistwing (Cnipodectes subbrunneus) Rufous twistwing (Cnipodectes superrufus). |
| Rhynchocyclus Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Eye-ringed flatbill, Rhynchocyclus brevirostris Pacific flatbill, Rhynchocyclus pacificus Eastern olivaceous flatbill, Rhynchocyclus olivaceus Western olivaceous flatbill, Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis Fulvous-breasted flatbill, Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus |
| Tolmomyias Hellmayr, 1927 | Yellow-olive flatbill, Tolmomyias sulphurescens Orange-eyed flatbill, Tolmomyias traylori Yellow-margined flatbill, Tolmomyias assimilis Yellow-winged flatbill, Tolmomyias flavotectus Grey-crowned flatbill, Tolmomyias poliocephalus Ochre-lored flatbill, Tolmomyias flaviventris Olive-faced flatbill, Tolmomyias viridiceps |
| Calyptura Swainson, 1832 | Kinglet calyptura (Calyptura cristata) |
| Platyrinchus Desmarest, 1805 | Cinnamon-crested spadebill, Platyrinchus saturatus Stub-tailed spadebill, Platyrinchus cancrominus Yellow-throated spadebill, Platyrinchus flavigularis Golden-crowned spadebill, Platyrinchus coronatus White-throated spadebill, Platyrinchus mystaceus White-crested spadebill, Platyrinchus platyrhynchos Russet-winged spadebill, Platyrinchus leucoryphus |
| Neopipo Sclater & Salvin, 1869 | Cinnamon manakin-tyrant (Neopipo cinnamomea) |
| Pyrrhomyias Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Cinnamon flycatcher (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus) |
| Hirundinea Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 | Cliff flycatcher (Hirundinea ferruginea) |
| Lathrotriccus Lanyon,W & Lanyon,S, 1986 | Euler's flycatcher, Lathrotriccus euleri Grenadan Euler's flycatcher, Lathrotriccus euleri flaviventris - formerly Empidonax euleri johnstonei; extinct (early 1950s) Grey-breasted flycatcher, Lathrotriccus griseipectus |
| Aphanotriccus Ridgway, 1905 | Tawny-chested flycatcher or Salvin's flycatcher, Aphanotriccus capitalis Black-billed flycatcher, or Nelson's flycatcher Aphanotriccus audax |
| Cnemotriccus Hellmayr, 1927 | Fuscous flycatcher (Cnemotriccus fuscatus) |
| Xenotriccus Dwight & Griscom, 1927 | Belted flycatcher (Xenotriccus callizonus) Pileated flycatcher (Xenotriccus mexicanus) |
| Sayornis – phoebes Bonaparte, 1854 | Eastern phoebe — Sayornis phoebe Black phoebe — Sayornis nigricans Say's phoebe — Sayornis saya |
| Mitrephanes Coues, 1882 | Northern tufted flycatcher, Mitrephanes phaeocercus Olive tufted flycatcher, Mitrephanes olivaceus |
| Contopus Cabanis, 1855 | Olive-sided flycatcher, C. cooperi Greater pewee, C. pertinax Dark pewee, C. lugubris Smoke-colored pewee, C. fumigatus Ochraceous pewee, C. ochraceus Western wood pewee, C. sordidulus Eastern wood pewee, C. virens Northern tropical pewee, C. bogotensis Southern tropical pewee, C. cinereus Tumbes pewee, C. punensis (split from C. cinereus) White-throated pewee, C. albogularis Blackish pewee, C. nigrescens Cuban pewee, C. caribaeus Hispaniolan pewee, C. hispaniolensis Jamaican pewee, C. pallidus Lesser Antillean pewee, C. latirostris |
| Empidonax Cabanis, 1855 | Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii White-throated flycatcher, Empidonax albigularis Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus Hammond's flycatcher, Empidonax hammondii American grey flycatcher, Empidonax wrightii American dusky flycatcher, Empidonax oberholseri Pine flycatcher, Empidonax affinis Western flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis Yellowish flycatcher, Empidonax flavescens Buff-breasted flycatcher, Empidonax fulvifrons Black-capped flycatcher, Empidonax atriceps |
| Pyrocephalus Gould, 1839 | Scarlet flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) Vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus obscurus) Darwin's flycatcher (Pyrocephalus nanus) ✝San Cristóbal flycatcher (Pyrocephalus dubius) |
| Ochthornis P.L. Sclater, 1888 | Drab water tyrant (Ochthornis littoralis) |
| Satrapa Strickland, 1844 | Yellow-browed tyrant (Satrapa icterophrys) |
| Syrtidicola Chesser et al, 2020 | Little ground tyrant (Syrtidicola fluviatilis) |
| Muscisaxicola – ground tyrants Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 | Spot-billed ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola maculirostris White-fronted ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola albifrons Ochre-naped ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola flavinucha Paramo ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola alpinus Taczanowski's ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola griseus Cinereous ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola cinereus Rufous-naped ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola rufivertex Dark-faced ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola maclovianus White-browed ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola albilora Cinnamon-bellied ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola capistratus Puna ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola juninensis Black-fronted ground tyrant, Muscisaxicola frontalis |
| Lessonia Swainson, 1832 | Andean negrito, Lessonia oreas Austral negrito, Lessonia rufa |
| Hymenops Lesson, 1828 | Spectacled tyrant (Hymenops perspicillatus) |
| Knipolegus F. Boie, 1826 | Blue-billed black tyrant, Knipolegus cyanirostris Jelski's black tyrant, Knipolegus signatus Plumbeous tyrant, Knipolegus cabanisi Cinereous tyrant, Knipolegus striaticeps White-winged black tyrant, Knipolegus aterrimus Hudson's black tyrant, Knipolegus hudsoni Rufous-tailed tyrant, Knipolegus poecilurus Riverside tyrant, Knipolegus orenocensis Amazonian black tyrant, Knipolegus poecilocercus Crested black tyrant, Knipolegus lophotes Velvety black tyrant, Knipolegus nigerrimus Sao Francisco black tyrant or Caatinga black tyrant, Knipolegus franciscanus |
| Cnemarchus Ridgway, 1905 | Red-rumped bush tyrant (Cnemarchus erythropygius) Rufous-webbed bush tyrant (Cnemarchus rufipennis) |
| Xolmis F. Boie, 1826 | White-rumped monjita (Xolmis velatus) White monjita (Xolmis irupero) |
| Pyrope Cabanis & Heine, 1860 | Fire-eyed diucon (Pyrope pyrope) |
| Nengetus Swainson, 1827 | Grey monjita (Nengetus cinereus) |
| Neoxolmis Hellmayr, 1927 | Black-crowned monjita (Neoxolmis coronatus) Rusty-backed monjita (Neoxolmis rubetra) Salinas monjita (Neoxolmis salinarum) Chocolate-vented tyrant (Neoxolmis rufiventris) |
| Myiotheretes Reichenbach, 1850 | Streak-throated bush tyrant (Myiotheretes striaticollis) Rufous-bellied bush tyrant (Myiotheretes fuscorufus) Santa Marta bush tyrant (Myiotheretes pernix) Smoky bush tyrant (Myiotheretes fumigatus) |
| Agriornis – shrike-tyrants Gould, 1839 | Black-billed shrike-tyrant, Agriornis montanus Lesser shrike-tyrant, Agriornis murinus White-tailed shrike-tyrant, Agriornis albicauda Grey-bellied shrike-tyrant, Agriornis micropterus Great shrike-tyrant, Agriornis lividus |
| Gubernetes Such, 1825 | Streamer-tailed tyrant (Gubernetes yetapa) |
| Muscipipra Lesson, 1831 | Shear-tailed grey tyrant (Muscipipra vetula) |
| Fluvicola Swainson, 1827 | Pied water tyrant, Fluvicola pica Black-backed water tyrant, Fluvicola albiventer Masked water tyrant, Fluvicola nengeta |
| Arundinicola d'Orbigny, 1840 | White-headed marsh tyrant (Arundinicola leucocephala) |
| Heteroxolmis Lanyon, W, 1986 | Black-and-white monjita (Heteroxolmis dominicana) |
| Alectrurus Vieillot, 1816 | Cock-tailed tyrant, Alectrurus tricolor Strange-tailed tyrant, Alectrurus risora |
| Tumbezia Chapman, 1925 | Tumbes tyrant (Tumbezia salvini) |
| Silvicultrix Lanyon, W, 1986 | Crowned chat-tyrant, Silvicultrix frontalis Kalinowski's chat-tyrant, Silvicultrix spodionota Golden-browed chat-tyrant Silvicultrix pulchella Yellow-bellied chat-tyrant Silvicultrix diadema Jelski's chat-tyrant Silvicultrix jelskii |
| Ochthoeca Cabanis, 1847 | Slaty-backed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris Blackish chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca nigrita Maroon-belted chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca thoracica Rufous-breasted chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca rufipectoralis Brown-backed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca fumicolor Rufous-browed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca superciliosa D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca oenanthoides White-browed chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca leucophrys Piura chat-tyrant, Ochthoeca piurae |
| Colorhamphus Sundevall, 1872 | Patagonian tyrant (Colorhamphus parvirostris) |
| Colonia | Long-tailed tyrant (Colonia colonus) |
| Muscigralla Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 | Short-tailed field tyrant (Muscigralla brevicauda) |
| Machetornis G.R. Gray, 1841 | Cattle tyrant (Machetornis rixosa) |
| Legatus P.L. Sclater, 1859 | Piratic flycatcher (Legatus leucophaius) |
| Phelpsia W. Lanyon, 1984 | White-bearded flycatcher (Phelpsia inornata) |
| Myiozetetes P.L. Sclater, 1859 | Rusty-margined flycatcher, Myiozetetes cayanensis Social flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis Grey-capped flycatcher, Myiozetetes granadensis Dusky-chested flycatcher, Myiozetetes luteiventris |
| Pitangus Swainson, 1827 | Great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) |
| Philohydor Lanyon, W, 1984 | Lesser kiskadee (Philohydor lictor) P. l. panamensis (Bangs & Penard, TE, 1918) P. l. lictor (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823) |
| Conopias Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | White-ringed flycatcher, Conopias albovittatus Three-striped flycatcher, Conopias trivirgatus Yellow-throated flycatcher, Conopias parvus Lemon-browed flycatcher, Conopias cinchoneti |
| Myiodynastes Bonaparte, 1857 | Golden-bellied flycatcher (Myiodynastes hemichrysus) Golden-crowned flycatcher (Myiodynastes chrysocephalus) Baird's flycatcher (Myiodynastes bairdii) Sulphur-bellied flycatcher (Myiodynastes luteiventris) Streaked flycatcher (Myiodynastes maculatus) |
| Megarynchus Thunberg, 1824 | Boat-billed flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua) |
| Tyrannopsis Ridgway, 1905 | Sulphury flycatcher (Tyrannopsis sulphurea) |
| Empidonomus Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Variegated flycatcher (Empidonomus varius) |
| Griseotyrannus W.E. Lanyon, 1984 | Crowned slaty flycatcher (Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus) |
| Tyrannus Lacépède, 1799 | Snowy-throated kingbird, Tyrannus niveigularis White-throated kingbird, Tyrannus albogularis Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus Couch's kingbird, Tyrannus couchii Cassin's kingbird, Tyrannus vociferans Thick-billed kingbird, Tyrannus crassirostris Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus Gray kingbird, Tyrannus dominicensis Giant kingbird, Tyrannus cubensis Loggerhead kingbird, Tyrannus caudifasciatus |
| Rhytipterna Reichenbach, 1850 | Pale-bellied mourner (Rhytipterna immunda) Greyish mourner (Rhytipterna simplex) Rufous mourner (Rhytipterna holerythra) |
| Sirystes Cabanis & Heine, 1859 | Sibilant sirystes, Sirystes sibilator Western sirystes, Sirystes albogriseus White-rumped sirystes, Sirystes albocinereus Todd's sirystes, Sirystes subcanescens |
| Casiornis Des Murs , 1856 | Rufous casiornis, Casiornis rufus Ash-throated casiornis, Casiornis fuscus |
| Myiarchus Cabanis, 1844 | Rufous flycatcher, Myiarchus semirufus Yucatan flycatcher, Myiarchus yucatanensis Sad flycatcher, Myiarchus barbirostris Dusky-capped flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer Swainson's flycatcher, Myiarchus swainsoni Venezuelan flycatcher, Myiarchus venezuelensis Panama flycatcher, Myiarchus panamensis Short-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus ferox Pale-edged flycatcher, Myiarchus cephalotes Sooty-crowned flycatcher, Myiarchus phaeocephalus Apical flycatcher, Myiarchus apicalis Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens Nutting's flycatcher, Myiarchus nuttingi Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus Grenada flycatcher, Myiarchus nugator Galapagos flycatcher, Myiarchus magnirostris Rufous-tailed flycatcher, Myiarchus validus La Sagra's flycatcher, Myiarchus sagrae Stolid flycatcher, Myiarchus stolidus Lesser Antillean flycatcher, Myiarchus oberi Puerto Rican flycatcher, Myiarchus antillarum |
| Ramphotrigon G.R. Gray, 1855 | Large-headed flatbill, Ramphotrigon megacephalum Flammulated flycatcher, Ramphotrigon flammulatum Dusky-tailed flatbill, Ramphotrigon fuscicauda Rufous-tailed flatbill, Ramphotrigon ruficauda |
| Attila Lesson, 1831 | Rufous-tailed attila (Attila phoenicurus) Cinnamon attila (Attila cinnamomeus) Ochraceous attila (Attila torridus) Citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) White-eyed attila (Attila bolivianus) Grey-hooded attila (Attila rufus) Bright-rumped attila (Attila spadiceus) |