OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liga Colombiana de Radioaficionados

The Liga Colombiana de Radioaficionados (LCRA) (in English Colombian Amateur Radio League) is a national non-for profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Colombia. The organization was founded in 1933 by Italo Amore, Gustavo Uribe, Roberto Jaramillo Ferro, and other radio enthusiasts. At the time, all radio transmissions were authorized by the Ministry of Posts, who opposed a private amateur radio service. With LCRA lobbying efforts, private radio broadcasts were authorized in Colombia in 1936, and amateur radio was first licensed in Colombia in 1939.
Key membership benefits of LCRA include the sponsorship of amateur radio operating awards and radio contests, and a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. LCRA represents the interests of Colombian amateur radio operators before Colombian and international telecommunications regulatory authorities. LCRA is the national member society representing Colombia in the International Amateur Radio Union.
# Qaushiq Mukherjee

Qaushiq Mukherjee (born 1975), popularly known as Q, is an Indian film director known for his controversial Gandu. Though he is fond of classics like Ritwick Ghatak, he despises Satyajit Ray.

## Filmography

* 2019: Taranath Tantrik (webseries)
* 2018: Zero KMS (webseries)
* 2018: Garbage
* 2018: Nabarun (documentary on writer Nabarun Bhattacharya)
* 2020: Sari (documentary)
* 2016: Brahman Naman
* 2015: Ludo
* 2015: X: Past Is Present
* 2012: Tasher Desh
* 2010: Gandu
* 2009: Love in India
* 2009: Bishh
* 2004: Le Pocha
# Nimbhore Budruk

Nimbhore Budruk is a census town in Jalgaon district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Nimbhore Budruk had a population of 8449. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nimbhore Budruk has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 78%. In Nimbhore Budruk, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) |
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikhs | Buddhist | Jain | Other religions and persuasions | Religion not stated |
| 2001 | 4485 | 3963 | 8448 | - | 78.184 | 6.013 | 0.462 | 0.320 | 14.477 | 0.331 | 0.142 | 0.071 |
| 2011 | 4006 | 3495 | 7501 | -0.112 | 82.869 | 8.186 | 0.253 | 0.200 | 7.892 | 0.293 | 0.067 | 0.240 |
# George Stevenson (British politician)

George William Stevenson (born 30 August 1938) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.
In 1984 he was elected as the Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Staffordshire East. He was elected member of parliament (MP) for Stoke-on-Trent South at the 1992 general election. He stood down from the European Parliament in 1994 and left the UK parliament at the 2005 general election. He was succeeded as MP for Stoke-on-Trent (South) by Rob Flello of the Labour Party.
He had previously been deputy leader of Stoke-on-Trent City Council. In 2002, Stevenson stood for the Labour Party in the first election for a directly elected mayor for Stoke-on-Trent, losing to the independent candidate Mike Wolfe, a former Labour Party member.
# Phenyllithium

Phenyllithium is an organometallic agent with the empirical formula C$_6$H$_5$Li. It is most commonly used as a metalating agent in organic syntheses and a substitute for Grignard reagents for introducing phenyl groups in organic syntheses. Crystalline phenyllithium is colorless; however, solutions of phenyllithium are various shades of brown or red depending on the solvent used and the impurities present in the solute.

## Preparation

Phenyllithium was first produced by the reaction of lithium metal with diphenylmercury:
    (C$_6$Η$_5$)$_2$Ηg + 2 Li → 2 C$_6$Η$_5$Li + Ηg
Reaction of a phenyl halide with lithium metal produces phenyllithium:
    Ph−X + 2 Li → Ph−Li + LiX
Phenyllithium can also be synthesized with a metal-halogen exchange reaction:
    n-BuLi + Ph−X → n-BuX + Ph−Li
The predominant method of producing phenyllithium today are the latter two syntheses.

## Reactions

The primary use of PhLi is to facilitate formation of carbon-carbon bonds by nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions:
    PhLi + R$_2$C=O → PhR$_2$CO$^−$Li$^+$
2-Phenylpyridine is prepared by the reaction of phenyl lithium with pyridine, a process that entails an addition-elimination pathway:
    C$_6$H$_5$Li + C$_5$H$_5$N → C$_6$H$_5$−C$_5$H$_4$N + LiH

## Structure and properties

Phenyllithium is an organolithium compound that forms monoclinic crystals. Solid phenyl­lithium can be described as consisting of dimeric Li$_2$Ph$_2$ subunits. The Li atoms and the ipso carbons of the phenyl rings form a planar four-membered ring. The plane of the phenyl groups are perpendicular to the plane of this Li$_2$C$_2$ ring. Additional strong inter­molecular bonding occurs between these phenyllithium dimers and the π-electrons of the phenyl groups in the adjacent dimers, resulting in an infinite polymeric ladder structure.
In solution, it takes a variety of structures dependent on the organic solvent. In tetrahydrofuran, it equilibrates between monomer and dimer states. In ether, as it is commonly sold, phenyllithium exists as a tetramer. Four Li atoms and four ipso carbon centers occupy alter­nating vertices of a distorted cube. Phenyl groups are at the faces of the tetrahedron and bind to three of the nearest Li atoms.
The C–Li bond lengths are an average of 2.33 Å. An ether molecule binds to each of the Li sites through its oxygen atom. In the presence of LiBr, a byproduct of directly reacting lithium with a phenyl halide, the [(PhLi·Et$_2$O)$_4$] complex instead becomes [(PhLi·Et$_2$O)$_3$·LiBr]. The Li atom of LiBr occupies one of the lithium sites in the cubane-type cluster and Br atom sits in an adjacent carbon site.
# Cornwall with Caroline Quentin

Cornwall with Caroline Quentin is a British documentary series about Cornwall, presented by Caroline Quentin. The first series comprised 8 episodes and was broadcast on ITV from 2 January to 20 February 2012. The second series comprised 10 episodes and was broadcast from 7 January to 11 March 2013. Episodes are shown on Monday evenings at 8pm.

## Transmissions

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes |
| 1 | 2 January 2012 | 20 February 2012 | 8 |
| 2 | 7 January 2013 | 11 March 2013 | 10 |

## Episode list
### Series 1

| Episode | Broadcast Date | Ratings | ITV Weekly Rank |
| 1 | 2 January 2012 | 3.72m | 30 |
| 2 | 9 January 2012 | 3.61m | 27 |
| 3 | 16 January 2012 | 3.39m | 26 |
| 4 | 23 January 2012 | 3.74m | 24 |
| 5 | 30 January 2012 | 3.35m | 28 |
| 6 | 6 February 2012 | 3.65m | 23 |
| 7 | 13 February 2012 | 3.64m | 23 |
| 8 | 20 February 2012 | 3.37m | 27 |

### Series 2

| Episode | Broadcast Date | Ratings | ITV Weekly Rank |
| 1 | 7 January 2013 | Under 3.42m | Outside top 30 |
| 2 | 14 January 2013 | Under 3.42m | Outside top 30 |
| 3 | 21 January 2013 | Under 3.42m | Outside top 30 |
| 4 | 28 January 2013 | Under 3.25m | Outside top 30 |
| 5 | 4 February 2013 | Under 3.24m | Outside top 30 |
| 6 | 11 February 2013 | Under 3.09m | Outside top 30 |
| 7 | 18 February 2013 | Under 3.31m | Outside top 30 |
| 8 | 25 February 2013 | Under 2.96m | Outside top 30 |
| 9 | 4 March 2013 | Under 3.01m | Outside top 30 |
| 10 | 11 March 2013 | 2.94m | 30 |
# Bowman House (Boonsboro, Maryland)

The Bowman House is a historic log house located at 323 North Main Street in Boonsboro, Maryland, and is locally significant as a typical example of those built in the area in the early 19th century.

## Description and history

The house and its immediate grounds housed the "Boonsboro Pottery" from 1868, owned by John E. Bowman. The pottery closed by 1908, succumbing to mass-produced materials. The building is now the headquarters of the Boonsboro Historical Society.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 29, 1977.
# Qızıloba, Aghdara

Gyzyloba (Azerbaijani: Qızıloba) or Karmiravan (Armenian: Կարմիրավան) is a village in the Aghdara District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village was on the ceasefire line between the armed forces of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh and those of Azerbaijan. There have been allegations of ceasefire violations in the village's vicinity. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population in 1989.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Mardakert District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.
# Drábek

Drábek (feminine Drábková) is a Czech and Slovak surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Drábek (born 1970), Czech playwright and theatre director
* Dietmar Drabek (born 1965), Austrian football referee
* Doug Drabek (born 1962), American baseball player
* Jaromír Drábek (born 1965), Czech politician
* Kyle Drabek (born 1987), American baseball player
* Tomasz Drabek (born 1873), Polish actor
* Václav Drábek (born 1976), Czech ice hockey player
# Acragas

Acragas may refer to:
* Acragas, an ancient Greek city on the site of modern Agrigento, Sicily
* Acragas (mythology), son of Zeus and the Oceanid Asterope in Greek mythology
* Acragas, a river god
* Acragas (silversmith), an engraver or chaser in silver, mentioned by Pliny the Elder
* Acragas (spider), a genus of jumping spiders
# Cowgate, Newcastle upon Tyne

Cowgate is a locality in the north-west of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It lies 2.8 miles Northwest of the City Centre. Initially it was in the Kenton ward up until 2018 which it was in the Blakelaw ward. The name is believed to come from the gate the local farmers would use from the Nuns Moor area to herd their livestock to the Newcastle cattle market.
The Cowgate estate was built in the 1920s.
In 2007 the Index of Multiple Deprivation identified the southern part of the estate as the most deprived area in the city and the 28th most deprived in England.
Carricks Bakery, which was later acquired by Greggs, was located in the area. The bakery was closed in 2005, and the work was transferred to other facilities in Newcastle.
# Cuttack Junction railway station

Cuttack railway station is a railway junction and serves Cuttack in the Indian state of Odisha. Its length is 2km 880 m so it is the longest railway station of India.

## History

During the period 1893 to 1896, 1,287 km (800 mi) of East Coast State Railway was built and opened to traffic. It necessitated construction of some of the largest bridges across rivers like Brahmani, Kathajodi, Kuakhai, Mahanadi (Longest river of odisha) and Birupa. Cuttack station was connected to the Indian railway network in 1899.
Pm Modi will also lay of foundation of redevelopment work of Cuttack railway station.

### Railway organisation

The Cuttack station is operating under Khurda road Division of East Coast Railway.
Cuttack railway station is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.
* Train Passing through Mahanadi Bridge in Cuttack.
# Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão

The Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE) (English: League of Brazilian Amateur Radio Transmitters) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Brazil. LABRE has separate organizations for each state of Brazil. LABRE is recognized by the Brazilian Ministry of Communications. LABRE is the supporting organization for the Rede Nacional de Emergência de Radioamadores (RENER), a voluntary amateur radio emergency communications network in Brazil. LABRE was one of the sponsoring organizations for the 2006 World Radiosport Team Championship held in Florianópolis. LABRE is the national member society representing Brazil in the International Amateur Radio Union.

## History

LABRE was originally founded on February 1, 1931, in São Paulo, with the purpose of representing Brazilian radio amateurs, officially recognized in Brazil since November 5, 1924 (the first news about radio amateurs in Brazil is from 1909). On February 13, 1933, RBR - Rede Brasileira de Radioamadores (Brazilian Radio Amateurs Network) - was founded in Rio de Janeiro (at the time, the federal capital).
As the two organizations had the same objectives, that of representing Brazilian radio amateurs, hams from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro met on February 2, 1934 and sealed the unification of the two entities under the name LABRE - Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio-Emissão, located in Rio de Janeiro. On October 22, 1934, a ceremony officially celebrates the unification of the two associations. In the act of foundation, preserved at the LABRE headquarters, an excerpt stands out: "that since this day, there would be no more rivalries between Brazilian radio amateurs".

### Organization

LABRE has its headquarters, located in Brasília-DF, and subsidiaries in almost all Brazilian states. Each of these state sub-offices represents radio amateurs from their respective state before the central administration of LABRE.
# First dance

The first dance is an element in a number of traditions, being an opening of a certain dance function: ball, prom, wedding, etc.

## Balls

In the context of balls, the term "first dance" has two meanings.
At various formal balls the first dance was led by the guest of honor, which was usually the person of the highest social position in a given context, such as a member of the royal family, if any were present. Their dance was the opening of the ball. As these were generally long country dances, the guests of honor would be the first people to go down the set, not the only two people dancing for the entirety of the first piece of music.
In 17th-century France, the minuet, also called "the Queen of Dances", was the first dance. In the Victorian era of Great Britain the first dance was a quadrille. In 19th century Russian Empire balls were opened with Polonaise.
Another meaning is the first occurrence of a young lady in a social gathering. It could have happened either during a usual ball or during a specially arranged debutante ball or cotillion.

## Weddings

The "first dance" of a married couple is a popular element at modern European and American wedding receptions or post-wedding celebrations. The newly married couple, as the guests of honor at a dance, open the dancing. The style of dance is a personal choice. Some couples opt for a rehearsed, choreographed dance, whereas sources like etiquette columnist Judith Martin feel that performing a choreographed duet for spectators is inappropriate.
In the past, the couple did not dance the first dance alone. In her 1922 guide, Etiquette, Emily Post recommended that newlyweds not join the dancing until after their guests had begun, and simply dance with one another first before moving on to other partners. This occurred while other guests continued dancing, and was not given particular attention or treated as a performance.
In the current times, ballroom dance is not a skill that is common within society. Therefore, some modern couples either slow dance or learn a dance, whether it be a ballroom dance style or a choreographed dance routine. The music to which they dance is also highly varied, with modern chart hits often being selected. Teaching and rehearsing the "first dance" is now a service offered by dance studios, independent dance instructors and specialist wedding dance tuition companies.

## Other

* At "Studniówka", a kind of prom in Poland, the first dance is usually a polonaise, which students usually have to practice before the ball.

## Metaphorical use

Today, in modern day, the phrase "to open the ball" has become a figure of speech for initiating an activity which will be subsequently continued by others. The term has been used in descriptions of battle scenes.
# Solvatten

Solvatten is a simple portable device which uses sunlight to purify water for drinking. It was invented by Petra Wadström and was intended mainly for domestic use in the developing world. Provided the sun is strong enough, it takes two to six hours to produce ten litres of drinking water. It works through a combination of the natural ultra-violet radiation and heat (infra-red radiation) in sunlight, and also incorporates a filter mesh.
The device is marketed by a company, Solvatten AB, founded in 2006.

## The device

The Solvatten device consists of two hinged parts which can open in the manner of a book, revealing two transparent plastic surfaces. Each half can hold five litres of water. When the device is placed in the sun, the plastic allows ultra-violet radiation to reach the water, which is also heated by the sunlight. It becomes safe to drink within two to six hours. Use of the device can reduce the use of wood to boil water, thus acting to limit deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions.

## Reception

The device has received several awards:
* 2009: World Wildlife Fund, "Climate Solver"
* 2011: International Green Awards, "Best Green New Product Innovation"
* 2011: Swedish-American Chamber of Commerce, SACC New York-Deloitte Green Award
* 2013: The Energy Globe Award Mali
* 2013: Sveriges Ingenjörer, The Polhem Prize
# Kathleen A. Kavalec

Kathleen Ann Kavalec is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to Romania since February 2023. She is a former nominee to be the United States ambassador to Albania under President Donald Trump.

## Early life and education

Kavalec earned her bachelor of arts in political science from the University of California at Berkeley and a master of science in foreign service from Georgetown University.

## Career

Kavalec is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, with the rank of minister-counselor. She has served as the head of mission at the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2019. Previously, she served as deputy assistant secretary in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. Kavalec also served as the director of the Office of Russian Affairs and the deputy chief of mission of the U.S. mission UNESCO in Paris, France. Kavalec was responsible for overseeing major U.S. foreign assistance programs as deputy coordinator for assistance in the European Bureau, and as director for conflict prevention in the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization. Kavalec has served in Bucharest, Romania, Kyiv, Ukraine and Moscow, Russia. Domestically, she served as a legislative management officer in the Bureau of Legislative Affairs and has also served as director of the economic unit in the office of the coordinator for assistance for the New Independent States.

### Nomination as United States ambassador to Albania

On July 3, 2018, President Donald Trump nominated Kavalec to be the next United States ambassador to Albania. Her nomination expired at the end of the year and was ultimately returned to Trump.

### United States ambassador to Romania

On June 3, 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Kavalec to be the United States ambassador to Romania. Hearings on her nomination were held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on November 29, 2022. The committee favorably reported the nomination on December 7, 2022. On December 15, 2022, her nomination was confirmed by in the Senate by voice vote. She was sworn in on December 20, 2022, and presented her credentials to President Klaus Iohannis on February 14, 2023.

## Awards and recognitions

Kavalec has won numerous State Department awards, as well as the Presidential Rank Award. On November 29, 2024, President Iohannis awarded her the Order of the Star of Romania, in the rank of Grand Cross.

## Personal life

Kavalec is a native of California. She speaks Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Russian.
# Pademangan

Pademangan is a port-associated district (kecamatan) of North Jakarta Administrative City, Indonesia. It stretches from the Sunda Kelapa Harbour in the west to the western area of Tanjung Priok Harbor in the east. Geographically, it is a plain with an average height of 75 centimeters above the high tide sea level.

## Boundaries

Pademangan is bordered on the west by Sunda Kelapa Harbor, on the south by Kemayoran Railway, on the east by the Kali Ancol and Kali Japat canals, and on the north by Jakarta Bay.

## Kelurahan (Administrative Villages)

The district of Pademangan is divided into three Kelurahan / Administrative Villages:
* Pademangan Timur - area code 14410
* Pademangan Barat - area code 14420
* Ancol - area code 14430

## History

Settlement of the 19th century was similarly port-focussed and thus was among the settled urban parts that suffered in the early 19th century severe malaria outbreak. This prompted building the Weltevreden, "well-contented", the new administrative heart of the city, which was at the time the city of Batavia. Industry and associated housing, needing port direct connectivity followed for much of the 20th century. Development continues to focus on other districts where the land is easier to drain and thus less costly to build high-rise, whilst keeping a partially green, tree-rich prospect from many coastal locations along this shore.

## List of important places

* Ancol War Cemetery
* Ancol Taman Impian (Taman Impian Jaya Ancol)
* Ancol railway station
* Sunda Kelapa Harbor
* Mangga Dua
* Jakarta International Expo
* Jakarta International e-Prix Circuit
* Kampung Bandan railway station
# Cradlewell

Cradlewell is an area within Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is most noted for its spired church and its public house, 'The Cradlewell' which opened in 1904 and later closed, for conversion to a hotel & restaurant. It developed as the main road crossing point of the steep Ouseburn valley. Jesmond Dene is close by.
The name may simply be from a cradle shaped horse trough situated at the edge of Jesmond Road in a prominent position.
The historic Armstrong Bridge emerges into Cradlewell with Jesmond Dene to the north and Jesmond Vale to the south of the bridge.
In 1993 work began on a bypass for the Cradlewell area, replacing the very steep Benton Bank as the main thoroughfare. It joined the A1058 Coast Road with the Central Motorway after much protest from people who were opposed to cutting down so many ancient trees. There were tree-top demonstrations that held up the construction for a long time.
# Gajghat Rai

Gajghat Rai was Nagvanshi king in 10th century. He succeeded Gajdant Rai.
According to Sanskrit inscription in Hapamuni village in Gumla district, he constructed Mahamaya temple in Vikram samvat 965 (908 CE) with the son of King Mohan Rai. He handed over the temple to Rashtrakuta Brahmin Shianath Dev. Later Vishnu idol was established by Shivdas Karn in Vikram Samvat 1458 (1401 CE) according to an inscription in sanskrit.
Sri Chaitanya visited the village during his return journey from Puri to Varanasi in 16th century. Original mahamaya temple was destroyed by tribal insurgent during kol rebellion (1931-1933). They also killed the wife and children of the care taker of temple Barju Ram Pathak. He has described the incident in his nagpuri poems.
# Rabindra Sadan metro station

Rabindra Sadan is the busiest underground metro station on the North-South corridor of the Blue Line of Kolkata Metro in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is named after the nearby Rabindra Sadan cultural centre and theatre. The station is located at the junction of Chowringhee Road and AJC Bose Road.

## Station layout

Rabindra Sadan track layout :
Legend :
Station with two tracks and one Island platform :
| G | Street Level | Exit/ Entrance |
| M | Mezzanine | Fare control, station agent, Ticket/token, shops |
| P | Platform 2 Southbound | Towards → Kavi Subhash next station is Netaji Bhavan |
| Island platform | Doors will open on the right | |
| P | Platform 1 Northbound | Towards ← Dakshineshwar next station is Maidan |