# Count Nefaria

Count Luchino Nefaria is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Don Heck, the character first appeared in The Avengers #13 (February 1965). Count Nefaria is a socialite and crime boss who operates an international crime syndicate known as the Maggia.

## Publication history

Count Nefaria debuted in The Avengers #13 (February 1965), created by Stan Lee and Don Heck. He appeared in the 2011 Moon Knight series. He appeared in the 2018 Marvel Action Avengers series. He appeared in the 2023 New Mutants Lethal Legion series.

## Fictional character biography

Luchino Nefaria is a wealthy Italian aristocrat and traditionalist that also desires greater wealth and power, driving him to join the Maggia criminal organization. The recently formed Avengers superhero team, however, thwart many of his plans and force a direct conflict, so Nefaria lures the Avengers to his castle on the pretense of a charity event, and places the group in suspended animation, using images which threaten to take control of America. After he releases them, the Avengers become suspicious of him after hearing they are wanted and they cannot remember what happened at the castle. They go to the castle, however nearly all of them are paralyzed by Nefaria's gas. Meanwhile, the Teen Brigade were captured by Nefaria, and when they tried to contact the Avengers were thrown in a dungeon which would place them into suspended animation if they touched the walls. Captain America gets into the castle without touching the ground, other Avengers, or walls, and freed the Teen Brigade, who gave the antidote to the Avengers. Captain America was also paralyzed, and with his hands and feet attached to ropes he was suspended between floor and ceiling, where Nefaria mocked him, saying he would be a hero for capturing him. However, Iron Man then burst through the wall. Neferia was defeated and deported after an officer heard him confess to being in the Maggia. In retaliation, Nefaria then unsuccessfully attempts to destroy Iron Man, and then suffers yet another defeat when stopped by the mutant X-Men team.
Nefaria reappears several years later and attempts to take control of the United States base NORAD, but is stopped by the X-Men once again. Nefaria attempts to escape in a plane which is attacked by the X-Man Thunderbird. The plane then explodes, killing Thunderbird and injuring Nefaria.
Now virtually destitute and discredited, Nefaria hires the supervillains Living Laser, Power Man and Whirlwind to form the second Lethal Legion. The group rob several banks, and unwittingly finance an experiment Nefaria has created in a bid to become superhuman. Employing the former scientific adviser to Heinrich Zemo, Nefaria devises a means of temporarily amplifying the abilities of the Lethal Legion, and then sends them into combat against the Avengers. The effect, however, is temporary and once defeated their combined abilities are drained by Nefaria who possesses them magnified a hundredfold. After a long and protracted battle, Nefaria is finally defeated.
Nefaria is then kept in isolation and under observation by the Avengers, and it is discovered that the process to empower him makes Nefaria immortal but vulnerable as his body reconfigures itself. Whitney Frost, also known as Madame Masque and the daughter of Nefaria, attempts to find a cure for what is believed to be his deteriorating condition. She hires the Ani-Men to attack Avengers Mansion and free her father. While battling Iron Man, Nefaria's life-support system is severed and his weakened form is crushed by a stored Jupiter Landing Vehicle. Nefaria briefly reappears some time later as a corpse reanimated by the Grim Reaper. Grim Reaper directs Nefaria to attack the Avengers, but loses control soon afterwards and Nefaria dies once again.
Nefaria eventually reappears, but in an ionic humanoid form, and constantly requires ionic energy to sustain his existence. He battles Iron Man and later Captain America and Ka-Zar in the Savage Land as he attempts to find sources of energy. Nefaria then plans to detonate an ionic bomb, which will transform millions of people into an ionic state which he can then control, perceiving it as the best way to guarantee that he receives the respect that he feels he deserves. Nefaria gains control of the ionic heroes Wonder Man and Atlas who he intends to use to kill the Avengers, but he is stopped by the combined efforts of the Avengers, fellow superhero team the Thunderbolts and Madame Masque, Masque using a weapon she had developed to disrupt Nefaria's own ionic energy. He is next seen as an inmate of The Raft, a prison for supervillains, and escapes when Electro stages a mass breakout.
Following the "Siege" storyline, Madame Masque sought out her father to help the Hood after Loki took back the Norn Stones. The New Avengers capture John King (Hood's cousin) and use him to track the Hood and Madame Masque. After a battle with Count Nefaria, they capture the villains and bring all four of them to Maria Hill to place them under arrest.
Nefaria returns in Moon Knight, having established himself as the new Kingpin of Los Angeles. He kills Echo in battle, and is later apprehended by the Avengers. Also in L.A., Daken attempts to kill him but fails. Later back in New York, he is summoned by Nightmare to destroy Squirrel Girl in dreams, but is bested at finger-counting, and leaves.
During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Count Nefaria appears as a member of the Army of Evil and took part in the attack on Manhattan in retaliation for what happened at Pleasant Hill during "Avengers: Standoff!".
During the "Spider-Geddon" storyline, Count Nefaria is engaging Superior Octopus, who counters his ionic abilities by having his tentacles charged with energy that disrupts ionic fields. Count Nefaria breaks free from the tentacles as Superior Octopus plans to spy on him and threaten his family.
In the "Sins Rising" arc, Nefaria forms a new incarnation of the Lethal Legion with Grey Gargoyle, Living Laser, and Whirlwind in a plot to target the Catalyst.
During the "Gang War" storyline, Count Nefaria arrives at the location where Hammerhead and his men are having a meeting. Having found out what happened to Madame Masque, Count Nefaria states to Hammerhead that he'll take the blame for what happened. He also tells Hammerhead that the crime lords will bow to the Maggia once again. At the Seat of Power, Count Nefaria meets with Silvermane where they talk about the upcoming gang war. In a surprising turn of events, a mysterious person takes control of Silvermane and attacks Count Nefaria. When Hammerhead's men arrive and confront Madame Masque, they find a defeated Count Nefaria and Silvermane's head in Shotgun's arms as he throws them to the ground. After getting a status report of the gang wars from Shotgun, Madame Masque tells her father that she has a use for him. In the face-off in Central Park between the Maggia and Beetle, the Sinister Syndicate, Digger, and the gang members recruited by Beetle, Count Nefaria is seen under the same mind-control spell that Madame Masque placed on Shotgun and Silvermane. As the fight in Central Park begins, Count Nefaria and Silvermane are tackled by Digger. Spider-Man and his allies appear and stop Nefaria.

## Powers and abilities

Count Nefaria has a genius-level intellect. He is a versed scientist, inventor, theoretical physicist, adept strategist and organizational leader with deep ties to the underworld through his own crime family, the Maggia. During his first appearance he easily turned the American public and the world over against the Avengers in their first meeting. It was not until being subjected to a process perfected by one of Baron Heinrich Zemo's scientists, Dr. Kenneth Sturdy, that he was granted the combined powers of the villains the Living Laser, Power Man, and Whirlwind, amplified a hundredfold. Count Nefaria gained superhuman attributes in consequence. He has toppled a 40-story building with little effort, withstood a blow from Wonder Man without flinching, and fought an enraged Thor to a standstill with no apparent damage from strikes of his hammer, even stopping it with his bare hand.
Count Nefaria aged until his body evolved, eventually shifting into pure ionic form. This granted him new abilities, such as the creation and manipulation of ionic energy for teleportation, hand and eye blasts, ionic force punches, or controlling other ionic beings via siphoning their energy. Through this he can also convert others into ionic energy beings as well, in a vampiric fashion, turning them into his superpowered thralls. As such, Count Nefaria is effectively immortal and virtually indestructible. He also has the power of flight, when before he could only leap great distances. He's also showcased a new power, creating energy constructs to surround his opponents in ionic energy and move them about telekinetically. He has withstood simultaneous attacks by multiple teams of superheroes at once. Although it is possible to deplete Count Nefaria's ionic energy in combat by forcing him to expend it faster than his body can replenish it, it would take several weeks to do so.
As a head of the Maggia, Count Nefaria also has access to vast amounts of technology, munitions, and gadgetry developed by his Research and Development department. Much of this, he had a hand in crafting, such as the Electro-disc, Time Transcender Ray, Visio-Projector, Worldwide Electro-scanner, The Dream Master, and the Ionic Bomb. Being of Italian nobility, Count Nefaria has also inherited a vast fortune, which he has used in conjunction with his intellect for the purpose of furthering his revenue and power. To that end he would use it for the hiring of super villains, scientists and expendable workforce in his organization branch for the creation of inventions that were far in the advances of modern science, give himself super powers or broaden the reach of his connections to both the unlawful and political circuit of the world. Being an aristocrat of considerable stature and influence, Nefaria also has claims to diplomatic immunity and as such he cannot be tried outside of his own home country.

## Reception
### Critical response

Chase Magnett of ComicBook.com included Count Nefaria in their "10 Iron Man Villains Who Should Return in Dan Slott's Run" list, calling him a "great pick for a new arch nemesis in Tony Stark: Iron Man." Comic Book Resources ranked Count Nefaria 4th in their "10 Most Powerful Crime Bosses In Marvel Comics" list, 5th in their "10 Coolest Avengers Villains" list, and 8th in their "Wonder Man's 10 Greatest Enemies" list. Nathan P. Gibson of Looper ranked Count Nefaria 14th in their "Every Moon Knight Villain Ranked From Worst To Best" list.

## Other versions
### House of M

An alternate universe variant of Count Nefaria from Earth-58163 appears in House of M.

### JLA/Avengers

Count Nefaria appears in JLA/Avengers #4 as a brainwashed minion of Krona.

### Old Man Logan

An alternate universe variant of Count Nefaria from Earth-807128 appears in Old Man Logan.

### What If?

An alternate universe variant of Count Nefaria from Earth-105709 appears in the What If? story "What If the X-Men Died on their First Mission?".

## In other media
### Television

* Count Nefaria appears in the "Iron Man" segment of The Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Chris Wiggins.
* Count Nefaria appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Russell Roberts. This version sports an electricity-shooting cane and is the only known leader of the Maggia. Throughout the series, he and the Maggia battle the Mandarin's gang, the Tong, along with Iron Man and assists former members, the Guardsmen, in fraudulently establishing themselves as heroes before Justin Hammer captures Nefaria and makes him a test subject for his zombification gas.

### Film

Count Nefaria makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher.

### Video games

* Count Nefaria appears in Marvel Avengers Alliance.
* Count Nefaria appears in Lego Marvel's Avengers.