# Royal National Institute for Deaf People

The Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID), known as Action on Hearing Loss from 2011 to 2020, is a charitable organisation working on behalf of the UK's 9 million people who are deaf or have hearing loss.

## History

The Royal National Institute for Deaf People was founded as the National Bureau for Promoting the General Welfare of the Deaf in 1911 by Leo Bonn (Leo Bernard William Bonn) a deaf merchant banker, and philanthropist, in the ballroom of his home, at Bonn House, 22 Upper Brook Street, Mayfair, on 9 June 1911. The house is marked by a memorial plaque unveiled by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Patron to the RNID, on 9 June 1998.
The Bureau was reorganised as the National Institute for the Deaf in 1924. Alongside its role in influencing public policy in favour of people who are hard of hearing in the UK, it also developed a role as a provider of care to deaf and hard of hearing people with additional needs during the late 1920s and early 1930s.
During the 1940s, with the introduction of the National Health Service to the UK, it successfully campaigned for the provision of free hearing aids through the new welfare state system. The 1950s and 1960s saw its increasing influence marked by Royal recognition: in 1958, Prince Philip became the Patron of the institute; and in 1961 Elizabeth II approved the addition of the "Royal" prefix, creating the Royal National Institute for the Deaf (RNID).
The Institute expanded into medical and technological research during the 1960s and 1970s, being a key player in the development of NHS provided behind-the-ear hearing aids. During the 1980s it developed the Telephone Exchange for the Deaf, a pioneering relay service allowing telephone users and deaf "textphone" users to communicate with each other using a third-party operator to relay voice and text communication. This became the service known as Typetalk in 1991, funded by BT but operated on their behalf by RNID until 7 December 2009 when the RNID stepped down from the service. It is now solely owned, run and managed by BT alone. In March 2009 the name of the Typetalk service was changed to Text Relay.
In 1992 the Institute changed its name to the Royal National Institute for Deaf People but kept the initials RNID.
June 2011 saw celebrations of 100 years of the RNID and a new trading name, "Action on Hearing Loss", which was chosen to describe the breadth of help and support that RNID provided for people with all types of hearing loss – from people who were profoundly deaf, to people who were losing their hearing. While trading under the new name, it kept its legal name, Royal National Institute for Deaf People.
RNID announced in 2020 that it was selling its 23 care homes and its supported living, community and domiciliary care services which it had been providing since 1929. The charity's 560 clients were told their homes and services were to be sold and the 600 staff would be transferred to a new owner. This was despite the organisation's chief executive saying in 2018 he had no plans to carry out the kind of mass sale of services that he oversaw in his previous position as chief executive of the disability charity Scope.
Its 2017/2018 annual accounts showed the charity had an income of £40.1m but spent £42.7m. This was the fifth time in six years that the charity's expenditure had exceeded its income. RNID's auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers said that "material uncertainty" over fundraising income and other conditions cast doubt on the charity's ability to "continue as a going concern".
A financial recovery plan was delivered in the 2019/20 financial year. As a result, RNID's auditors expressed no further concerns about the charity's going concern status in the accounts signed in November 2019. Like all charities, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in new financial pressures for RNID. However, as a result of the financial recovery plan and ongoing prudent financial management, RNID is confident in its ongoing financial sustainability.
In 2020, partly as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the charity rebranded and reverted to the RNID name, stating a new purpose: "Together, we will make life fully inclusive for deaf people and those with hearing loss or tinnitus."
The charity's care and support services in England and Wales were acquired by Achieve Together, a provider of specialist support for people with learning disabilities, autism and associated complex needs in 2021.
The charity partnered with Sela and Newcastle United to create a jersey which would transform stadium noise into real-time touch sensations. Sela co-created a "haptic" jersey with the charity for deaf supporters to wear and donated its front-of-shirt sponsorship to the charity for a match against Tottenham Hotspur on 13 April 2024 as part of the charity's "Unsilence the Crowd" campaign.

### Collections

The RNID's collections were part of the Ear Institute Library prior to its closure in 2020. Today the archive and rare books library is held in University College London's Special Collections.

## Activities

RNID activities include:
* campaigning and lobbying, with the help of members, to change laws and government policies
* providing information and raising awareness of deafness, hearing loss and tinnitus
* giving training courses and consultancy on deafness and disability
* offering communication services including sign language interpreters
* making lasting change in education for deaf children and young people
* supporting deaf people into work with the organisation's employment programmes
* providing care services for deaf and hard of hearing people with additional needs
* social, medical and technical research.

## Present operations

RNID lobbies and works with the UK government on modernisation of the UK's audiology services. This included the switchover from analogue to digital hearing aids provided under the NHS.
RNID has also undertakes product development. The RNID Product Development team won an innovation award for their work on a new genre of telephon, the ScreenPhone, though this has now been discontinued.

### Hearing check

RNID has developed an online free, confidential online hearing check, which can identify potential hearing problems. The five-minute check assesses a person's ability to hear someone speaking when there is background noise.

### Celebrity ambassadors

The charity's celebrity ambassadors include Samantha Baines. Scarlette Douglas is a former ambassador.