OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bogert Covered Bridge

Bogert Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Allentown, Pennsylvania. It is a 145-foot-long (44 m), Burr Truss bridge, constructed in 1841. It has vertical plank siding and a gable roof. It was restored by the Allentown Parks Department.

## History
### 19th century

Bogert's Bridge was built between 1841 and 1842. It takes its name from the Bogert family. Peter Bogert purchased the land on which the bridge is located in 1744 as part of his farm. Settlers are said to have put stones in the Little Lehigh River at the location of the bridge, which were used as a crossing prior to its construction. In the 1760s, a crude log bridge, later replaced by a wooden plank bridge, was built on the site.
When Indian tribes complained that the bridge blocked their canoes, Bogert was called on to settle the dispute. The Indians believed he treated them fairly, and called Bogert "the Peacemaker."
Bogert's Bridge is a Burr Truss, named after a design created by Theodore Burr of Connecticut in the early 19th century. Its most distinctive feature is two long arch trusses resting on abutments at either end. It was built by local men. John Waltman of Allentown worked on the bridge as a carpenter's apprentice at the age of 16.

### 20th century

In 1945, management of the bridge was transferred from Lehigh County to the Pennsylvania Department of Highways since it carried South 24th Street, which linked state routes Hamilton Street and Lehigh Street.
On February 19, 1956 at 3:15 a.m., a speeding truck pulling a trailer smashed into the bridge, splintering seven of the bridge's twelve-by-twelve-inch crossbeams. Its roof sagged in the middle. Lehigh County officials initially wanted to tear down the bridge, believing it had become a traffic hazard. The following year, on May 30, 1957, a second accident involving a truck carrying an earthmover crashed into the bridge, smashing the roof and causing extensive damage.
In 1957, a letter writing campaign by the Save the Bogert's Bridge Committee obtained state approval to redirect South 24th Street to a new bridge located a few hundred feet away from the structure.
In 1964, the covered bridge was reconstructed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and its management was then transferred to Allentown.
Bogert's is the oldest covered bridge in Lehigh County, and among the oldest in the country. It is open to pedestrian and bicycle traffic only. In 1980, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Gallery

* Bogert Covered Bridge in 1965
* Bogert Covered Bridge in 2012
* The interior of the bridge
* Looking south from the bridge
* Looking north from the bridge
# Narama

Narama is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwanowice, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Iwanowice and 14 km (9 mi) north of the regional capital Kraków.
# Alexander Napier (2nd Laird of Merchiston)

Sir Alexander Napier, 2nd Laird of Merchiston (died c. 1474) was a Scottish politician and diplomat. He thrice served as Provost of Edinburgh (1453–55, 1456–62, and 1469–74), and served as Commissioner for Edinburgh in the parliaments of 1458, 1463, 1464, 1469, 1471 and 1473.
Alexander was the son and heir of Alexander Napare (Napier), first Laird of Merchiston, a burgess and Provost (1437) of Edinburgh. He initially belonged to the household of the queen-mother, Joan Beaufort, and then served as Comptroller to James II (1449–61), ambassador to England (1451 and 1461), and was knighted and appointed Vice-Admiral of Scotland before 7 July 1461. In 1468 he was named joint-commissioner, with Andrew Stewart, lord chancellor, to negotiate a marriage between James III and Margaret, daughter of Christian I of Denmark.
Napier was sent on special embassies to Bruges, in 1472, and to Burgundy, in 1473.
He was married to Elizabeth Lauder (1410-1470). They were parents to Sir John Napier, 3rd Laird of Merchiston, Provost of Edinburgh 1484–5.
He died some time between 24 October 1473 and 15 February 1474.

## Descendants

His descendants included the world-famous mathematician John Napier.
# William Unek

William Unek (c. 1929 – 20 February 1957) was a Ugandan police constable and serial mass murderer who killed a total of 57 people in two separate spree killings three years apart.

## Murder sprees

Unek, a Ugandan national and one of the Acholi people, committed his first murder spree near Mahagi, Belgian Congo in 1954, where he killed 21 people with an axe within an hour and a half, before escaping and finally ending up in the Tanganyika Territory. The motive was never ascertained.
Apparently because of unspecified social misunderstandings with his boss, Unek went on a second rampage which began in the early hours of 11 February 1957. Armed with a stolen police rifle, 50 rounds of ammunition, and an axe, he started killing people in the area of Malampaka, a village about 40 miles (64 km) southeast of Mwanza.
Within twelve hours, Unek shot dead ten men, eight women, and eight children, murdered five more men with the axe, stabbed another one, burned two women and a child, and strangled a 15-year-old girl, thus killing a total of 36 people. He then changed out of his police uniform into clothes stolen from one of his victims and fled. Among the dead was reportedly his wife, whom he killed in their hut before setting it on fire, as well as the wife of a police sergeant.

## Manhunt and death

For nine days, Unek was sought by Wasukuma tribesmen, police, and eventually a company of the King's African Rifles in Tanganyika's greatest manhunt up to that time.
Despite the extensive search operation, including dogs and aircraft, and a posted reward of $350, Unek eluded his pursuers until he finally showed up at the house of Iyumbu ben Ikumbu, who lived only 2 miles (3.2 km) away from Malampaka, in search of food. When Iyumbu reported the incident to the police, he was asked to keep Unek with him and notify them, should the killer come again to his home. Unek, still armed, reappeared at about 1:00 a.m. the next day. Iyumbu, sending his wife to the police, gave Unek food and engaged in a conversation with him for nearly two hours until help arrived. At that point, Iyumbu ran out of his house whereupon a police superintendent threw a smoke bomb, setting the house on fire. Unek, severely injured when attempting to evade capture, later succumbed to his wounds in Mwanza Hospital, dying on 20 February. Iyumbu later received a financial reward of £125, as well as the British Empire Medal for his bravery leading to the capture of the constable.

## Aftermath

As response to the murders, a fund was created to help the descendants of those killed and a maternity clinic was built as a memorial for Unek's victims.
His rampage ranks among the deadliest of the twentieth century. At the time, his 1957 rampage was the deadliest mass shooting in recorded history until the 1982 Woo Bum-kon incident.
# Frants Nielsen

Frants Nielsen (22 January 1874 – 6 June 1961) was a Danish sports shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Alum, Purhus Municipality, and died in Randers.
In 1912, at the Stockholm Games, he participated in the following events:
* 50 metre team small-bore rifle – fifth place
* 50 metre rifle, prone – 26th place
* 50 metre pistol – 40th place
* 300 metre free rifle, three positions – 46th place
# Stancil

Stancil is both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Felicia Stancil (born 1995), American bicyclist
* Stancil Johnson (1933–2021), psychiatrist and frisbee enthusiast
* T. J. Stancil (born 1982), football player
* Will Stancil (born 1985 or 1986), American political candidate
# Fri, Kasos

Fri is the capital of the Greek island of Kasos in the Dodecanese. As of 2021, its population was 346.

## Geography

Fri is located in the northern coast of Kasos. The settlement is built around the Mpouka bay. East of Fri is Mpouka and 500 meters from Fri is the old harbour, Emporeios.

## Modern Fri

Fri was built in 1840 from inhabitants of Aghia Marina and refugees of the Kasos Massacre. The name was probably given due to the shape of the shoreline which resembles an eyebrow. The municipality of Kasos is located in Fri as well as a local clinic and the archeological museum. Today, Fri has a small sports center and a public library. There is also an elementary school. From 2010 the meteorological station of the National Observatory of Athens is located in the Municipality of Kasos in Fri. The port of Fri is connected with Piraeus, Crete, Karpathos and Rhodes. Most of the houses in Fri have two floors and feature a traditional architecture. These houses are found in Fri the last 150 years along with old churches and monasteries.

## Climate

Fri has a dry and mild climate throughout the year, with the most rain falling during autumn and winter. According to the data of the National Observatory of Athens station, Fri has a hot semi-arid climate and records the mildest winters in Greece, with a record low temperature of 2.7 °C. It is also the second driest area of Greece after Schoinoussa. According to the Gouvas formula which modified USDA plant hardiness zones for Greece, Fri falls in 11b zone.
Climate data for Fri 4 m a.s.l. :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.8 (78.4) | 30.5 (86.9) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.2 (99.0) | 35.7 (96.3) | 36.9 (98.4) | 35.7 (96.3) | 32.8 (91.0) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.4 (75.9) | 37.2 (99.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 17.4 (63.3) | 20.0 (68.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 26.2 (79.2) | 28.1 (82.6) | 28.3 (82.9) | 26.8 (80.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 20.8 (69.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.1 (71.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.3 (57.7) | 15.1 (59.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 24.0 (75.2) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.9 (71.4) | 18.8 (65.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.0 (67.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) | 12.1 (53.8) | 12.8 (55.0) | 14.7 (58.5) | 17.9 (64.2) | 21.7 (71.1) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 16.8 (62.2) | 13.7 (56.7) | 17.8 (64.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 4.3 (39.7) | 5.2 (41.4) | 7.2 (45.0) | 13.6 (56.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 21.1 (70.0) | 17.6 (63.7) | 14.4 (57.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 6.3 (43.3) | 2.7 (36.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 54.6 (2.15) | 31.7 (1.25) | 38.3 (1.51) | 11.6 (0.46) | 8.6 (0.34) | 1.8 (0.07) | 0.9 (0.04) | 0.2 (0.01) | 3.2 (0.13) | 21.2 (0.83) | 27.4 (1.08) | 51.5 (2.03) | 251 (9.9) |
| Source 1: Karpathiakanea.gr ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Observatory of Athens Monthly Bulletins (Jul 2010-Jan 2025) and World Meteorological Organization ||||||||||||||
# Mindanao serin

The Mindanao serin (Chrysocorythus mindanensis) is a species of finch in the family Fringillidae.
It is found in the Philippines in the areas of Mount Katanglad and Mount Apo. Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forest and tropical high-altitude grassland above 2,000 meters above sea level. Among Mindanao endemic birds, it is the least known with only 1 known photograph of a live specimen in 2012.

## Description and taxonomy

EBird describes the Mountain Serin as "Rare and localized highland finch, restricted to upper montane forest and open scrubby and grassy habitats above the treeline. Generally not very obvious, often foraging quietly in dense growth, but flocks will sometimes betray their presence by flying overhead and giving a chorus of chittering twitter calls. Combination of thick conical bill, bright yellow wing-bars, and well-streaked underparts are unique within this species’ range and habitat. Extent of yellow on males’ faces varies, with the Mindanao population having the most extensive yellow. Song is a dry, whirring buzz following a few husky notes."
The Mindanao Serin was first described by S. Dillon Ripley and D. S. Rabor from an adult male collected in 1960 by R. B. Gonzales. The original description also includes a color illustration by Robert Verity Clem, and the type is located in the Yale Peabody Museum.
The Mindanao serin was formerly considered conspecific with the Indonesian serin (Chrysocorythus estherae), together called the mountain serin, but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021. It is differentiated from the Indonesia serin as its plummage has a larger extent of yellow, it is has the darker streaks, a more blunt bill, dark eyering and its more stout appearance.

## Ecology and behavior

Diet is completely unknown but believed to feed on seeds and small fruits. Its assumed to forage down low in the bushes and vegetation alone or in small groups. Nothing is known about its breeding habits.

## Habitat and conservation status

It occupies montane mossy forest and forest edge from typically above 2,000 meters above sea level but has been found as low as 1,500 meters above sea level.
IUCN previously assessed this bird as near threatened but was downlisted to Least-concern species. Its population was previously estimated at 1,000 to 2,500 mature individuals but there are so few records of this bird that it's difficult to identify its true rarity this estimate was changed to unknown. As it is only confined to the highest reaches of Mount Apo and Kitanglad, its range is estimated at just 4,300sq km but believed to be secure due to its remoteness. However, due to its high altitude requirement, it may be possibly affected by climate change.
# 3rd Army (Italy)

The 3rd Army (Italian: 3ª Armata) was a World War I and World War II field army of the Royal Italian Army and the only army-level command of the Italian Army during the Cold War.

## World War I

At the start of the participation of Italy in World War I (May 1915), the 3rd Army occupied the southern part of the Isonzo Front. It was commanded by Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta and consisted of the
* VI Corps (Lieutenant General Carlo Ruelle),
* VII Corps (Lieutenant General Vincenzo Garioni),
* XI Corps (Lieutenant General Giorgio Cigliana).
The 3rd Army participated in all eleven Battles of the Isonzo (1914-1917). It withdrew in relative good order during the Caporetto disaster of October 1917 and played a leading role in the final victory offensive a year later. This gave it its name "La Armata Invitta" ("The undefeated Army"). The 3rd Army would go on to participate in the Second Battle of the Piave River and the Battle of Vittorio Veneto. There is a museum of the 3rd Army in Padua.

## World War II

On 6 June 1940, the 3rd Army was formed and based in Southern Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. It was disbanded on 20 December 1940. It's commander was General Carlo Geloso.

## Cold War

As a founding member of NATO Italy was obliged to assign in case of war its military forces to NATO's integrated military command. While the Italian Air Force would have come under Fifth Allied Tactical Air Force (5 ATAF) in Vicenza, the Italian Army would have come under Allied Land Forces Southern Europe (LANDSOUTH) in Verona. However tensions between Italy and Yugoslavia over the Free Territory of Trieste were high and as Yugoslavia was not a Warsaw Pact member any conflict between the countries would have likely not involved NATO. Therefore on 1 May 1952 the Italian Army re-activated the 3rd Army in Padua to be able to circumvent NATO's chain of command in case a war would break out between Italy and Yugoslavia. 3rd Army duplicated the functions of LANDSOUTH with a purely Italian staff. To not violate NATO's integrated military command Italy described 3rd Army in all official documents as "the command designated "3rd Army"".
On the same date as the command designated "3rd Army" the army also activated two corps commands: the IV Army Corps in Bolzano and V Army Corps in Vittorio Veneto, followed by the VI Army Corps in Bologna in 1956 and the III Army Corps in Milan in 1957. During peacetime the corps' were assigned to the army's General Staff in Rome, while during wartime, depending on who the enemy would have been, the corps would have been assigned either to 3rd Army or LANDSOUTH.
However with the easing of tensions between Italy and Yugoslavia, which culminated in the division of the Trieste Free Territory with the Treaty of Osimo, the army decided to disband the command designated "3rd Army", along with VI Army Corps on 31 March 1972, with all the functions of higher command resting with LANDSOUTH from that date onward.
# Julian Bovis

Julian Bovis is a British artist and award-winning art director. He was born in Banbury, United Kingdom, and studied Architecture at the University of Plymouth.

## Magazines

Bovis worked on Melody Maker in 1990 before joining the BBC's now defunct pop magazine, No.1. In 1991 he was part of the Inside Soap magazine launch team before moving back to the United Kingdom to design the British version.

## Newspapers

In 1992 he redesigned the Daily Star, Lancashire Evening Post and Blackpool Gazette. In 1995 Bovis art directed the Edinburgh Evening News and he won Scottish Newspaper Design of The Year for the Dunblane massacre. After winning two more design awards in 1998 and 2000, Bovis joined the 2001 National Newspaper Awards judging panel. In 1999 he worked with broadcaster Jeff Randall as part of the Sunday Business newspaper launch team and in 2003 joined The Daily Telegraph as executive design editor where he was responsible for some of the newspaper's most noted front pages, including the award-winning Boxing Day edition of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the 2005 front page celebrating London's winning bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. His work on the 7 July 2005 London bombings won The Daily Telegraph the European Newspaper Design Award.

## Internet

In the summer of 2006 he re-designed The Daily Telegraph's website increasing the monthly pages views from 41.6 m to 52.8 m and in 2008 oversaw the re-design of the Daily Sport newspaper and Sport Media Group's online titles.

## Awards

1996 Scottish Newspaper Design of The Year Edinburgh Evening News
1998 Newspaper Design of The Year for Sunday Business Newspaper Sunday Business
2000 Newspaper Design of The Year for Sunday Business Newspaper Sunday Business
2004 Newspaper Design of The Year The Daily Telegraph
2005 European Newspaper Award: The 7/7 London Bombings The Daily Telegraph
2015 John Ruskin Prize: Shortlisted [[Campaign_For_ Drawing]]
# Peaches (In the Valley Below song)

"Peaches" is a song by American rock band In the Valley Below. The track was included on the Peaches and Man Girl EPs, and then later their debut studio album The Belt. As a single off of the latter, it peaked at number 18 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart in 2016.

## Background

The song has been released on a number of the band's releases. It was first released on the Peaches EP in 2013, was later as a single off of the band's Man Girl EP in May 2014, and was finally released on the band's debut full-length studio album, The Belt in August 2014. The song gained in popularity after Kele Okereke of the band Bloc Party made a dance remix of the song, which was also included on the Man Girl EP. The song's popularity peaked in 2016, where it reached number 18 on the US Billboard Alternative Songs chart.

## Themes and composition

Billboard described the song as "a mix of synth-driven pop and darker folk. Spin similarly referred to it as "synth folk". PopMatters compared the song's guitar and keyboard tone to the Depeche Mode song "Strangelove". Lyrically, the song was inspired by the work of Phil Collins, in the way that it tells a dark story, but still have a catchy melody meant to inspire sing-alongs. The song features duet vocals by both core band members Angela Gail Mattson and Jeffrey Jacob Mendel, alternating lines like "You’ve been drinking all week, baby, that’s all right" and "You’ve been tearing me apart in the dead of night" before jointly singing in unison "We won’t live too long/ So let’s love for one song".

## Live performances

The band performed the song on live national television on The Late Show With David Letterman in August 2013, and on Conan in February 2015. The song has been a staple of the band's lives shows, being played frequently, including the Fiat sponsored concert series at Baby's All Right in Brooklyn, New York, and at SXSW in 2017.

## Reception

The song has been generally well-received. Paste identified the song as a standout track from The Belt, citing its catchy nature, stating "It makes sense that 'Peaches" opens up The Belt. Melodic and harmony-driven, it’s guaranteed to get stuck in your head...it was seared into my brain for a solid month." Renowned for Sound identified it as a standout track from the Peaches EP, calling it "the obvious selling point" and praising the track for its "mid-tempo outpour of rustic guitars and the duos exquisite vocals sharing the lead limelight on the tracks verses before a heavily harmonized chorus provides the track with its rich, finely crafted hook; Angela’s vocals appear to be channeling Lana Del Rey through her sultry and slightly smoky tones."
The Huffington Post deemed the song the number five song of 2014. As of April 2015, 62,000 copies of the single had been sold.

## Personnel

* Angela Gail Mattson – vocals, synthesizers, production, engineering
* Jeffrey Jacob Mendel – vocals, guitars, production, engineering

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Alternative Songs | 18 |
# Naszacowice

Naszacowice (also Naszczowice) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Podegrodzie, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Nowy Sącz and 72 km (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
Naszacowice is one of the oldest villages of the region. Its name probably comes from a man named Nosacz, and in the oldest preserved documents from 1233, it was spelled Nossaczouicy. Jan Długosz provides two spellings of the name: Nossaczowycze and Noszaczowycze, while in the 1794 Austrian census, it was spelled Naszacowice and Naschatowitz Colonia.
According to archaeologists, a large fortified gord existed here in the 8th century. It was located in the spot of an earlier Lusatian culture settlement, and in the early years of the Kingdom of Poland, the gord was an important center of local administration and the Dunajec river trade route to the Kingdom of Hungary. The gord lost its importance after a great fire, and was replaced by Podegrodzie.