# Santo Tomas, Batangas

Santo Tomas, officially the City of Santo Tomas (Filipino: Lungsod ng Santo Tomas), is a component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 218,500 people.
Santo Tomas is the hometown of Philippine Revolution and Philippine–American War hero Miguel Malvar, the last Filipino General to surrender to the Americans.

## Etymology

Santo Tomas got its name from Spanish for Saint Thomas Aquinas, a Catholic saint whose patronal feast day is celebrated every March 7.

## History

Santo Tomas was founded in 1666, with Manuel Melo as its first head. Originally, it was composed of a large poblacion. When the Spanish friars arrived, their first and foremost objective was to construct a church near the river to satisfy their inclination for water. Thus, the present site of a Roman Catholic church was chosen near the San Juan River. As years went by, more houses were built around the church. This became the center of the poblacion.
Other groups of houses were scattered all over the area. They were given such odd names as "Kabaong", because of coffin-shaped stones along the road; "Putol" because the trail was cut short by Mount Makiling; "Aptayin", because "apta" or fine shrimps were found in the brook; "Biga", because biga trees abounded there; and "Camballao", as in "kambal" (twin) because twin rivers divided the place. These different unit groups comprised the barrios of the town.
The natives were by nature God-fearing, peaceful and obedient. Colonial officials did not much have difficulty enforcing decrees and orders. One such irrevocable decree was to change the original names of the barrios to the names of saints in the Catholic calendar and to place each them under its patrotonio; the former "Pook" and "Aptayin" were joined and called San Bartolome, "Kabaong" was changed to San Vicente, "Biga" to Santa Anastacia, and "Camballao" to San Isidro Sur and San Isidro Norte. The whole town was given the name of Santo Tomas de Aquino, after a saint of the Dominican Order to where most of the first friars belonged. As time went by, more barrios were added to the list each with an assumed name of a saint.
From the year 1666, the head of the town had different titles, variously known as captain from 1666 to 1782, alcalde from 1783 to 1788, gobernadorcillo from 1789 to 1821, presidente local from 1822 to 1899, presidente municipal from 1900 to 1930, and mayor from 1931 to present.

### Cityhood

In 2016, Nelson P. Collantes, the then-representative of Batangas's 3rd District, filed a House bill to convert Santo Tomas into a component city. After few years, with a unanimous vote of 19–0, the Senate approved a bill for the municipality's conversion into a city on March 19, 2018. On October 5, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11086, making Santo Tomas the first municipality to be converted into a city under his administration. It was effectively ratified on September 7, 2019 through a plebiscite wherein majority of residents who voted approved the cityhood.

## Geography

Santo Tomas is located at 14°05′N 121°11′E﻿ / ﻿14.08°N 121.18°E﻿ / 14.08; 121.18. It is situated at the foot of Mount Makiling and is 61 kilometers (38 mi) south of Manila and 44 kilometers (27 mi) from Batangas City. The city is part of Mega Manila resulting from the continuous expansion of Metro Manila. It borders the cities of Calamba to the north, Los Baños to the north-east, Alaminos to the east, Tanauan and Malvar to the west, and Lipa to the south.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the component city has a land area of 95.41 square kilometers (36.84 sq mi)  constituting 3.06% of the 3,119.75-square-kilometer (1,204.54 sq mi) total area of Batangas.

### Barangays

Santo Tomas is politically subdivided into 30 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 041028001 | Barangay I (Poblacion) | 0.8% | 1,846 | 1,766 | ▴ | 0.44% |
| 041028002 | Barangay II (Poblacion) | 1.3% | 2,777 | 2,291 | ▴ | 1.94% |
| 041028003 | Barangay III (Poblacion) | 1.2% | 2,543 | 1,933 | ▴ | 2.78% |
| 041028004 | Barangay IV (Poblacion) | 1.6% | 3,542 | 2,806 | ▴ | 2.36% |
| 041028005 | San Agustin | 1.1% | 2,400 | 2,374 | ▴ | 0.11% |
| 041028006 | San Antonio | 5.3% | 11,657 | 9,085 | ▴ | 2.52% |
| 041028007 | San Bartolome | 3.3% | 7,205 | 5,897 | ▴ | 2.02% |
| 041028008 | San Felix | 2.5% | 5,548 | 4,388 | ▴ | 2.37% |
| 041028009 | San Fernando | 1.1% | 2,507 | 2,174 | ▴ | 1.44% |
| 041028010 | San Francisco | 1.2% | 2,623 | 2,469 | ▴ | 0.61% |
| 041028011 | San Isidro Norte | 1.0% | 2,289 | 1,663 | ▴ | 3.25% |
| 041028012 | San Isidro Sur | 1.2% | 2,653 | 2,309 | ▴ | 1.40% |
| 041028013 | San Joaquin | 2.0% | 4,417 | 3,844 | ▴ | 1.40% |
| 041028014 | San Jose | 1.3% | 2,785 | 2,160 | ▴ | 2.57% |
| 041028015 | San Juan | 1.5% | 3,177 | 3,012 | ▴ | 0.53% |
| 041028016 | San Luis | 1.3% | 2,932 | 2,414 | ▴ | 1.96% |
| 041028017 | San Miguel | 4.6% | 10,087 | 6,550 | ▴ | 4.41% |
| 041028018 | San Pablo | 2.8% | 6,083 | 5,057 | ▴ | 1.86% |
| 041028019 | San Pedro | 2.6% | 5,741 | 5,202 | ▴ | 0.99% |
| 041028020 | San Rafael | 5.3% | 11,654 | 6,632 | ▴ | 5.80% |
| 041028021 | San Roque | 4.5% | 9,745 | 8,909 | ▴ | 0.90% |
| 041028022 | San Vicente | 5.7% | 12,360 | 8,606 | ▴ | 3.69% |
| 041028023 | Santa Ana | 0.7% | 1,432 | 1,358 | ▴ | 0.53% |
| 041028024 | Santa Anastacia | 6.7% | 14,666 | 7,555 | ▴ | 6.86% |
| 041028025 | Santa Clara | 3.3% | 7,231 | 5,046 | ▴ | 3.66% |
| 041028026 | Santa Cruz | 1.1% | 2,504 | 2,104 | ▴ | 1.76% |
| 041028027 | Santa Elena | 1.1% | 2,358 | 1,638 | ▴ | 3.71% |
| 041028028 | Santa Maria | 12.7% | 27,843 | 10,169 | ▴ | 10.60% |
| 041028029 | Santiago | 2.7% | 5,978 | 4,277 | ▴ | 3.40% |
| 041028030 | Santa Teresita | 0.6% | 1,261 | 1,052 | ▴ | 1.83% |
| | Total | Total | 218,500 | 124,740 | ▴ | 5.76% |

### Climate

Climate data for Santo Tomas :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19 (66) | 19 (66) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 20 (68) | 22 (71) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11 (0.4) | 13 (0.5) | 14 (0.6) | 32 (1.3) | 101 (4.0) | 142 (5.6) | 208 (8.2) | 187 (7.4) | 175 (6.9) | 131 (5.2) | 68 (2.7) | 39 (1.5) | 1,121 (44.3) |
| Average rainy days | 5.2 | 5.0 | 7.4 | 11.5 | 19.8 | 23.5 | 27.0 | 25.9 | 25.2 | 23.2 | 15.5 | 8.3 | 197.5 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, Santo Tomas had a population of 218,500. The population density was 2,300 inhabitants per square kilometer or 6,000 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Santo Tomas
* 2.5
* 5
* 7.5
* 10
* 12.5
* 15
* 2006 12.50
* 2009 8.58
* 2012 5.42
* 2015 4.03
* 2018 8.37
* 2021 7.81
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
The First Philippine Industrial Park which is owned by the Lopez Group of Companies is located in the city.
Most of the city is residential with a lot of farmlands. There are also some developed subdivisions along the city like the San Antonio Heights in Barangay San Antonio which was developed by Avida Land, a division of Ayala Land, Camella Homes, and Terrazza de Santo Tomas in Barangay San Roque which was developed by Ovialand. The city is well known for an entire strip of bulalo (bone marrow soup) restaurants and to a hospital named Saint Cabrini Medical Center which is located inside the city center.
Aside from various real estate development in the city, Santo Tomas also has a popular lifestyle and commercial complex in the locality. The Lifestyle Strip, AllHome Santo Tomas, Liana's Junction Santo Tomas, and SM City Santo Tomas are known shopping destinations that operate in the city and soon. S&R Membership Shopping Santo Tomas will also be opened by the second half of 2024.

## Transportation
### Roads

The Pan-Philippine Highway or Maharlika Highway connects the city with Calamba, the rest of Laguna, with the highway reaching as far as Bicol Region. The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR Tollway) and South Luzon Expressway start at the city connects the city with Batangas City and Metro Manila, respectively. The Jose P. Laurel Highway connects the city with Tanauan City, Lipa and Batangas City.

### Public transport

Jeepneys (Filipino: "dyip") connect the city with Calamba to the north, Tanauan to the south, and San Pablo to the east. Buses from Manila to Batangas City, Lucena, or Bicol serve the city. UV Express service also connects Santo Tomas with San Pablo, Santa Rosa, Lipa, and Dasmariñas. Tricycles provide transportation within the barangays.

## Government
### Local government

* Mayor: Arth Jhun A. Marasigan
* Vice Mayor: Catherine J. Perez
* Councilors:
** Ross Allan D. Maligaya
** Leovino M. Villegas
** Raquel M. Maloles-Salazar
** Danilo P. Mabilangan
** Arlene F. Manebo
** Arturo U. Pecaña
** Gerardo M. Malijan
** Helengrace P. Navarro
** Victor O. Bathan
** Adrian C. Carpio
* ABC President: Ladislao M. Malijan
* SK Federation President: Angel Faye Parra

## Education
### Universities

The Polytechnic University of the Philippines has one campus in Santo Tomas. It is a constituent branch of the PUP System and the only institution of higher learning in Santo Tomas that serves the city and neighboring cities.

### Public high schools

The city has 5 public high schools, all overseen by the Schools Division Office (SDO) of Sto. Tomas City.
* San Jose National High School
* San Pedro National High School
* Santa Clara Integrated National High School (JHS and SHS)
* Santa Anastacia-San Rafael National High School
* Sto. Tomas City National High School
* Santo Tomas Senior High School (SHS only)

### Public elementary schools

There are 27 public elementary schools within Santo Tomas, all overseen by the SDO of Sto. Tomas City.

#### Santo Tomas South District
### Private schools

There are 18 private schools within the Santo Tomas.
* Almond Academy Foundation Inc.
* AMS Learning School
* Blue Isle Integrated School
* Clareville School
* Elyon Academia Foundation, Inc.
* Greenville Academy of Santa Clara
* His Care Learning Center of Santa Maria
* Hope Christian Academy of Santo Tomas
* Kids for Jesus Academy Inc.
* Maranatha Christian Academy of Santo Tomas
* Maranatha Christian Academy of Blue Isle
* Mother Barbara Micarelli School
* Nikiesha's Interactive Camp Child Development Center Inc.
* Pedagogia Children's School (Santo Tomas)
* San Bartolome Adventist Elementary School
* Saint Thomas Academy
* Saint Thomas Montessori Learning Center
* The Golden Child Literacy Place

## Mythology

In Philippine mythology, the homeland of the anggitays is believed to be somewhere in Santo Tomas, Batangas. The anggitays are creatures resembling centaurs but have a single horn on the forehead and are generally female.

## Notable personalities

* Miguel Malvar – Filipino revolutionary general