OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Combretum erythrophyllum

Combretum erythrophyllum, commonly known as the river bushwillow, is a medium-sized, spreading tree found in bush near or along river banks in southern Africa. It is planted as a shade and ornamental tree in South Africa and the United States, and is propagated by seed.

## Common names

It is also known as the river combretum, and common names in other languages include riviervaderlandswilg (Afrikaans), umdubu (Zulu) and modubunoka / modubu (Setswana).

## Description

It is a small to medium-sized tree 7 to 12 m in height. It has a straight or multi-stemmed bole with a dense spreading crown. It is frost and drought hardy.

### Bark and wood

The bark is a smooth pale gray or yellow brown that flakes with age to expose pale bark patches with large lumps (note: not galls) which sometimes occur on older trunks and main branches. The coarse wood shows little distinction between sapwood and heartwood.

### Leaves

The leaves are simple, subopposite or in whorls of three, and elliptic with tapering base and apex (50 x 20 mm). The upper surface is usually without hairs, while the under surface has hairs. The petiole is short and stipules are absent. Inconspicuous scales cover both surfaces. The leaf's midrib and lateral veins are very conspicuous. It is deciduous to semi-deciduous, and the leaves turn yellow and red in autumn (the specific name erythrophyllum means red leaf).

### Flowers

The cream or yellowish, bisexual flowers are produced in dense, rounded axillary spikes, about 10 cm in diameter and up to 3 cm long. They appear after the first leaves in spring or early summer.

### Fruit

The 4-winged fruit are yellow to brown in colour and 10 to 15 mm in length.

## Distribution

Found in riverine bush or where there is sufficient ground water in Botswana, Eswatini, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

### Ecology

Wasps lay their eggs in the walls of the fruit and the larvae feed on the seeds inside the fruit. The southern black tit taps the fruit to check if there are larvae inside, when discovered they open the fruit and eat the larvae. Combretum erythrophyllum leaves are browsed by giraffe, elephant, bushbuck and nyala.

## Medicinal uses

* The roots (regarded as poisonous) are used as a purgative and to treat venereal diseases.
* The bark is mixed with other herbs to make a decoction that is drunk in the morning and evening, quarter of a cup for sores.
* The fruit are regarded as poisonous and reputedly cause hiccups.
# Huntington Wagon Road

The Huntington Wagon Road is a historic road in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States.
About halfway between Bend and Redmond, Oregon, is a roughly one-square-mile parcel of public land where a section of the historic Huntington Road wagon trail has been preserved. The parcel is managed by the Prineville district of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). At the beginning of the trail, which is closed to all motor vehicles, is a sign posted by the Deschutes County Historical Society that provides the following information:
   Before you lies a one mile segment of historic wagon road known as the "Huntington Road". In 1864, J. W. Perit Huntington, Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs, guided a party to Fort Klamath to make peace with the Klamath, Modoc and some of the Paiute tribes. A peace treaty was signed, and the Klamath Reservation was established in 1866 with headquarters at Klamath Agency. By the terms of the "Indian Treaty of 1864", the U.S. government was required to provide the Indians with certain supplies. In the fall of 1867, Huntington guided a wagon train loaded with supplies from The Dalles to Fort Klamath, creating the Huntington Road. The party consisted of 70 men including teamsters, soldiers and Indian scouts. It is probable that members of the Lost Meek Wagon Train passed over this portion of the Huntington Road in 1845 as they crossed the juniper desert on their way to the Willamette Valley.
# Mebo Ipi

Mebo Pendel Ipi is a former Papua New Guinean woman cricketer. She played for Papua New Guinea in the 2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier.
# Columbia Community Unit School District 4

Columbia Community Unit School District 4 is a unified school district that services Columbia, a city located on the Mississippi River in the western reaches of Monroe County, Illinois, just south of St. Louis, Missouri. The current superintendent is Christopher Grode. Columbia Community Unit School District 4 is composed of three schools. Parkview Elementary School, Columbia Middle School, and Columbia High School form the triad that compose this district. Respectively, the principals of each of the schools are Mrs. April Becherer of Parkview Elementary, Mrs. Angela Huels of Columbia Middle, and Mr. Brian Reeves of Columbia High. The mascot of the schools in this district is the eagle.
Columbia Middle School hosts a series of clubs, including Spanish Club, a Yearbook creation staff, and a Student Council. Columbia High School has a more diverse set of clubs, which include a prom organization committee, a book club, and National Honor Society.
# Richard G. Richels

Richard "Rich" Gayle Richels directs global climate change research at the Electric Power Research Institute. Richels received a BS degree in physics from the College of William & Mary. He was awarded MS and PhD degrees in decision science from Harvard University's Division of Applied Sciences.
Richels has served on a number of national and international advisory panels, including committees of the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Research Council. He served as an expert witness at the Department of Energy's hearings on the National Energy Strategy and testified at Congressional hearings on priorities in global climate change research. He was a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Second, Third and Fourth Assessment Reports (the IPCC shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore) and served on the Synthesis Team for the US National Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the United States. He currently serves on the Scientific Steering Committee for the US Carbon Cycle Program and the Advisory Committee for Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Initiative. He has served as Editor of the Energy, Environment and National Resources area of the Operations Research Journal. He has also served on the Board of Editors of The Energy Journal and the Journal of Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, and contributed to the Energy Modeling Forum.
Richels is a co-author of Buying Greenhouse Insurance - the Economic Costs of CO$_2$ Emission Limits (with Alan S. Manne), and of Economic and environmental choices in the stabilization of atmospheric CO$_2$ concentrations (with Tom Wigley and Jae Edmonds). Both studies outline an economic approach to climate policy. Richels is a researcher on integrated assessment modelling for climate change, and regularly appears in the media.
# Washington Township, Miami County, Indiana

Washington Township is one of fourteen townships in Miami County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,365 (down from 3,493 at 2010) and it contained 1,563 housing units.

## History

The first settler, Thomas Henton, arrived in Washington Township in 1838 and built a cabin upon a hill.
Washington Township was organized in 1843. It was named for President George Washington.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 28.38 square miles (73.5 km$^2$), of which 28.12 square miles (72.8 km$^2$) (or 99.08%) is land and 0.26 square miles (0.67 km$^2$) (or 0.92%) is water. The Wabash River defines the township's northern border.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Peru (southeast quarter)

### Unincorporated towns

* Park View Heights at 40°44′29″N 86°02′59″W﻿ / ﻿40.741431°N 86.049714°W﻿ / 40.741431; -86.049714
* South Peru at 40°44′44″N 86°03′25″W﻿ / ﻿40.745597°N 86.056936°W﻿ / 40.745597; -86.056936
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Crider, Rankin, Salem and Sharpee.

### Major highways

* U.S. Route 24
* Indiana State Road 19

### Airports and landing strips

* Shinn Bone Lane Airport

## School districts

* Maconaquah School Corporation
* Peru Community Schools

## Political districts

* Indiana's 5th congressional district
* State House District 23
* State House District 32
* State Senate District 18
# Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog

The Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog is a breed of bulldog from the United States, and it is predominantly used as a guard dog. It is a very powerful, muscular breed with large head and brachycephalic muzzle. The hair coat is short, typically colored white with black, blue, buff or brown patches, and its tail is kept un-docked. Sexual dimorphism is common in the breed, with male dogs being typically twice the weight of females.

## History

The Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog is a rare breed that is believed to be descended from Old English Bulldogs that were brought to the Americas in the 18th century where they were used in the blood sports of bull baiting and bear baiting; they were later used as cattle and pig herders. For multiple generations, the breed was bred solely by the Lane family of Rebecca, Georgia. They eventually started a breed registry with a dog called Otto, the foundation dog of the family's breeding operation. The dog's name has occasionally been used as a nickname for the breed. In the early 21st century, there were an estimated 120 to 150 extant Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldogs.
# Columbia School District (Mississippi)

The Columbia School District is a public school district based in Columbia, Mississippi (USA).

## Schools

* Columbia High School (Grades 9–12)
* Jefferson Middle School (Grades 6–8)
* Columbia Elementary School (Grades 4–5)
* Columbia Primary School 2–3 (Grades 2–3)
* Columbia Primary School PK–1 (Grades PK–1)

## Demographics
### 2006–07 school year

There were a total of 1,895 students enrolled in the Columbia School District during the 2006–2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 51% female and 49% male. The racial makeup of the district was 49.23% African American, 49.18% White, 1.11% Asian, 0.42% Hispanic, and 0.05% Native American. 67.1% of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch.

### Previous school years

| School Year | Enrollment | Gender Makeup | Gender Makeup | Racial Makeup | Racial Makeup | Racial Makeup | Racial Makeup | Racial Makeup |
| School Year | Enrollment | Female | Male | Asian | African American | Hispanic | Native American | White |
| 2005–06 | 1,919 | 51% | 49% | 0.88% | 50.18% | 0.36% | – | 48.57% |
| 2004–05 | 1,900 | 50% | 50% | 0.84% | 48.42% | 0.37% | 0.11% | 50.26% |
| 2003–04 | 1,873 | 50% | 50% | 0.69% | 47.30% | 0.37% | 0.05% | 51.58% |
| 2002–03 | 1,863 | 48% | 52% | 0.64% | 45.14% | 0.48% | 0.05% | 53.68% |

## Accountability statistics

| | 2006-07 | 2005-06 | 2004-05 | 2003-04 | 2002-03 |
| District Accreditation Status | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited |
| School Performance Classifications ||||||
| Level 5 (Superior Performing) Schools | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Level 4 (Exemplary) Schools | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Level 3 (Successful) Schools | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Level 2 (Under Performing) Schools | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Level 1 (Low Performing) Schools | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Not Assigned | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Echinocereus yavapaiensis

Echinocereus yavapaiensis is a species of cactus native to Arizona.

## Description

The plant forms small clumps consisting of many stems. The dark green plant body is ovate to cylindrical and reaches heights of up to 30–48 cm (12–19 in) with a diameter of 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in). The 10 to 14 ribs often form warts. The spines are yellow brown becoming grey. The areoles have 1-3 central spines are up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long and 9 radial spines that are 2 cm (0.79 in) long. The broad, funnel-shaped, dimorphic, red flowers appear below the shoot tip. They are 5.4 cm (2.1 in) long and have a diameter of 3.8 cm (1.5 in). Chromosome count is 6n=66.

## Distribution

Plants are found growing in bedrock outcrops with desert scrub in Yavapai County, Arizona, at elevations between 1035 and 1860 meters.
# Carbuncle

A carbuncle is a cluster of boils caused by bacterial infection, most commonly with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The presence of a carbuncle is a sign that the immune system is active and fighting the infection. The infection is contagious and may spread to other areas of the body, or other people; those living in the same residence may develop carbuncles at the same time. In the early 21st century, infection involving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become more common.

## Signs and symptoms

A carbuncle is a cluster of several boils, which is typically filled with purulent exudate (dead neutrophils, phagocytized bacteria, and other cellular components). Fluid may drain freely from the carbuncle, or intervention involving an incision and drainage procedure may be needed. Carbuncles may develop anywhere, but they are most common on the back and the nape of the neck.
A carbuncle is palpable and can range in size from as small as a pea to as large as a golf ball. The surrounding area is indurated. Later, skin on the centre of the carbuncle softens and peripheral satellite vesicles appear; these rupture, discharging pus, and give rise to cribriform appearance. As the impending infection develops, itching may occur. There may be localized erythema or skin irritation, and the area may be painful when touched. Sometimes more severe symptoms may occur, such as fatigue, fever, chills, and general malaise as the body fights the infection.

## Cause

Infections by bacteria, commonly strep and staph.

## Society and culture
### Etymology

The word is believed to have originated from the Latin: carbunculus, originally a small coal; diminutive of carbon-, carbo: charcoal or ember, but also a carbuncle stone, "precious stones of a red or fiery colour", usually garnets.

### Metaphor: the "monstrous carbuncle"

In 1984, Charles III, then Prince of Wales, described the proposed Sainsbury Wing extension to the National Gallery in London as a "monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved and elegant friend", a term he has used since to describe other pieces of architecture.
# Wordtrans

Wordtrans is an application to look up words in dictionaries. It is available under the GNU General Public License. It is written by Ricardo Villalba.
It supports dictionaries in plain text, DICT dictionaries and dictionaries from Babylon Translator.
# Imperial Reservoir (Texas)

Imperial Reservoir is a reservoir in Pecos County, Texas, south of the Pecos River and four miles south of Grandfalls. It is bordered by Ranch to Market Road 2593 on the north and east; State Highway 18 is to the west.
The reservoir covers approximately 1,530 surface acres and has a capacity of 8,500 acre-feet. It is fed by Imperial Ditch (taking water from the Pecos River approximately 16 miles to the northwest), and discharges into the Imperial Canal. It was constructed around 1912 to provide irrigation water to the canal and to promote land sales. Since 1955 it has been operated for recreational use by the Imperial Volunteer Fire Department.
# Hanhua Subdistrict

Hanhua Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 汉华街道; traditional Chinese: 漢華街道; pinyin: Hànhuá Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Xinye County, Nanyang, Henan province, China. As of 2018, it has 7 residential communities under its administration.
# How to Survive Summer Camp

How to Survive Summer Camp is a children's novel written by Jacqueline Wilson and illustrated by Sue Heap. It was first published in 1985. It features a ten-year-old girl named Stella who is forced to go to summer camp.

## Characters

* Stella Stebbings (Baldy) – The protagonist of the novel, she is forced to go to Evergreen Summer Camp while her parents are away for their honeymoon. She is adventurous and a rulebreaker, but she also has a caring and creative personality.
* Marzipan – One of Stella's Emerald room-mates and perhaps Stella's best friend; she is a kindhearted yet timid bookworm girl described as being "a bit large and lumpy"
* Louise – one of Stella's Emerald room-mates. She is snobbish, excels at sports and is very pretty, with long blonde hair, and she has rich parents and designer clothes.
* Karen – Louise's best friend. She is not as pretty as Louise and calls Stella names, like Baldy.
* Alan – One of the Emerald boys, who excels at swimming and enjoys comics. Becomes one of Stella's good friends at Evergreen.
* Rosemary – one of Stella's Emerald room-mates. Begins as a very shy five-year-old who refuses to speak, but when Stella rescues her toy donkey from the cowpat, she finds her voice and becomes good friends with her.
* Janie – one of Stella's Emerald room-mates, she is Rosemary's best friend, and is from the Seychelles. She is good friends with Stella, too.
* James – one of the Emerald boys; a large boy who speaks in rhyme.
* Bilbo – one of the Emerald boys. Around Rosemary's age and quite irritating.
* Richard – the oldest Emerald boy who appears to have a crush on Louise.
* Brigadier – the owner of Evergreen who resides in the tower room of the house. Initially Stella is terrified of him but after their first meeting and his magazine suggestion and eventual success in teaching her how to swim, Stella warms to him.
* Miss Hamer-Cotton – the Brigadier's bossy daughter and in charge of most activities at Evergreen. She is most likely to be in her twenties or thirties, although she acts like an older and stricter woman.
* Uncle Ron – the activities organiser, Alan and Stella nicknamed him 'Uncle Pong' due to his smelly tracksuit.
* Jimbo – in charge of judo at Evergreen.
* Jilly – in charge of macrame at Evergreen.
* Mrs Markham (Orange Overall/Purple Pinafore/Dotty Dress/Nylon Nightie) – a member of staff who is furtively caring for a baby fox on the premises until he is free to be put back in the wild.

## Translations

* Greek: Πώς να επιβιώσεις στην κατασκήνωση, romanized: Pós na epivióseis stin kataskínosi. Translated by Maria Grammenou. Athens: Psichogios. 24 May 2012. ISBN 9789604965458.
# 2012 League of Ireland Cup

The 2012 League of Ireland Cup, also known as the 2012 EA Sports Cup, is the 39th season of the Irish football knockout competition.
A total of 22 teams entered the 2012 competition. The 12 League of Ireland Premier Division and 8 League of Ireland First Division clubs were joined by Ulster Senior League champions Fanad United and the Mayo League representative side. For the First and Second Rounds of the competition, all participating clubs were split into 4 regional pools with the further rounds of the competition having an open draw. The 2012 competition commenced with the First Round on 26 March 2012.

## Teams

| Pool 1 | Pool 2 | Pool 3 | Pool 4 |
| Cork City Limerick St. Patrick's Athletic UCD Waterford United Wexford Youths | Derry City Fanad United Finn Harps Mayo League Monaghan United Sligo Rovers | Bray Wanderers Mervue United SD Galway Shamrock Rovers Shelbourne | Athlone Town Bohemians Drogheda United Dundalk Longford Town |

## First round

The draw for the First Round took place on 7 March 2012. The First Round games were played on 26 March 2012.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Pool 1 |||
| Cork City | 5 − 1 | Wexford Youths | Report |
| Waterford United | 1 − 6 | UCD | Report |
| Pool 2 |||
| Finn Harps | 2 − 0 | Mayo League | Report |
| Monaghan United | 2 − 1 | Fanad United | Report |
| Pool 3 |||
| Shelbourne | 1 − 0 | Mervue United | Report |
| Pool 4 |||
| Athlone Town | 2 − 5 | Drogheda United | Report |

## Second round

The draw for the Second Round took place on 27 March 2012. The Second Round games were played on 9/10 April 2012.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Pool 1 |||
| Limerick | 3 − 0 | Cork City | Report |
| St Patrick's Athletic | 2 − 1 | UCD | Report |
| Pool 2 |||
| Derry City | 4 − 0 | Finn Harps | Report |
| Sligo Rovers | 3 − 1 | Monaghan United | Report |
| Pool 3 |||
| SD Galway | 0 − 2 | Shamrock Rovers | Report |
| Shelbourne | 1 − 2 aet | Bray Wanderers | Report |
| Pool 4 |||
| Drogheda United | 1 − 1 aet 4−3 pen. | Bohemians | Report |
| Longford Town | 1 − 2 | Dundalk | Report |

## Quarterfinals

The draw for the quarter-finals was made on 7 May 2012 on MNS on RTÉ Two. The quarterfinal games were played on 25/26 June 2012.

## Semi finals

The draw for the semi-finals was made on MNS on 9 July 2012.

## Final

The final will be played on Saturday, 22 September 2012 in Tallaght Stadium, Dublin.
# Izaar

An izaar, also izar or ʾizār (Arabic: إِزَار), also known as maʿawaz (مَعَوَز), futah (فُوطَة), wizar (وِزَار), maqtab (مَقْطَب) is a traditional lower garment that is frequently used by men in Oman, Somalia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Izaars are commonly used in Yemen, it is commonly referred to as maʿawaz (مَعَوَز). It is also used by some in Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, and the Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Ethiopia and Eritrea). A white izaar is typically worn underneath thawbs in Oman and the UAE instead of sirwal sunnnah.

## Uses

Izzars are commonly worn by Yemenis at home, and work. It is also worn in the city of Aqaba. Some of these may feature tassels.

## Similar garments

The izaar may be considered synonymous with the lungi in the Indian subcontinent and with the macawis (معويس) in the Horn of Africa.
# Louis I, Count of Nevers

Louis I (1272 – 22 July 1322) was suo jure Count of Nevers and jure uxoris Count of Rethel.
Louis was a son of Robert III, Count of Flanders, and Yolande, Countess of Nevers. He succeeded his parents as Count of Nevers. In December 1290, he married Joan, Countess of Rethel, and thus became her co-ruler in the County of Rethel. They had two children:
* Joanna of Flanders
* Louis I, Count of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel
He died in Paris shortly before his father and thus never succeeded his father as Count of Flanders.
# Indian Creek Recreation Area

Indian Creek Recreation Area is a recreation area located inside Alexander State Forest in Rapides Parish near Woodworth, Louisiana. It includes Indian Creek Reservoir, which is an artificial lake developed with the aid of the Louisiana Forestry Commission, the Rapides Parish Police Jury, and the Lower West Red River Soil and Water Conservation District. The lake was created in 1970 as a reservoir for agricultural irrigation and for recreation purposes.