OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of tagged degrees

Many universities offer programs of study which tag academic degrees with a particular speciality. A tagged degree incorporates the name of the subject of study into the degree title and generally requires more specialized coursework than a degree with an untagged major.
Tagged degrees come in two varieties:
* the first form is a more general bachelor's or master's degree with a specialty tag appended to the title (e.g., Bachelor of Science in Nursing);
* the second form is even more specialized (e.g., Master of Business Administration, Doctor of Medicine, etc.) and is generally associated with a professional education curriculum.

## Bachelor's degrees

* Bachelor of Accountancy (BAcc)
* Bachelor of Architecture (BArch)
* Bachelor of Arts (BA)
* Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
* Bachelor of Commerce (BCom)
* Bachelor of Computer Science (BCS)
* Bachelor of Computer Application (BCA)
* Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL)
* Bachelor of Divinity (BDiv)
* Bachelor of Economics (BEc)
* Bachelor of Education (BEd)
* Bachelor of Engineering (BEng)
* Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
* Bachelor of Laws (LLB)
* Bachelor of Letters (BLitt)
* Bachelor of Music (BM)
* Bachelor of Management Studies (BMS)
* Bachelor of Medical Sciences (BMed)
* Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm)
* Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil)
* Bachelor of Physical Education (BPed)
* Bachelor of Science (BSc)
* Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSn)
* Bachelor of Science in Public Health (BSph)
* Bachelor of Social Work (BSW)
* Bachelor of Technology (BTech)
* Bachelor of Theology (BTh)
* Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)

## Master's degrees

* Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL)
* Licentiate in Sacred Theology (STL)
* Magister Juris (MJur)
* Master of Business Administration (MBA)
* Master of Counselling (MCouns)
* Master of Divinity (MDiv)
* Master of Education (MEd)
* Master of Engineering (MEng)
* Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
* Master of Laws (LLM)
* Master of Letters (MLitt)
* Master of Medicine (MMed)
* Master of Management Studies (MMS)
* Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
* Master of Public Administration (MPA)
* Master of Public Health (MPH)
* Master of Research (MRes)
* Master of Sacred Theology (STM)
* Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
* Master of Social Work (MSW)
* Master of Studies (MSt)
* Master of Surgery (ChM or MS)
* Master of Technology (Mtech)
* Professional Science Masters (PSM)

## Doctoral degrees

* Doctor of Arts (DA)
* Doctor of Audiology (AuD)
* Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
* Doctor of Canon Law (JCD)
* Doctor of Civil Law (DCL)
* Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy)
* Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)
* Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)
* Doctor of Divinity (DDiv)
* Doctor of Education (EdD)
* Doctor of Engineering (DEng)
* Doctor of Juridical Science (JSD)
* Doctor of Letters (DLitt)
* Doctor of Medicine (MD)
* Doctor of Ministry (DMin)
* Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND)
* Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO)
* Doctor of Pharmacy (DPharm)
* Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
* Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
* Doctor of Science (DSc or ScD)
* Doctor of Theology (ThD)
* Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM)
* Juris Doctor (JD)
# Mayr's forest rail

Mayr's forest rail (Rallicula mayri), also Mayr's forest crake, is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It is found in northern New Guinea.
# Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani

Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (SNSK), or simply Store Norske, is a Norwegian coal mining company based on the Svalbard archipelago. It was formed in 1916, after a Norwegian purchase of the American Arctic Coal Company (ACC).
The company has 360 employees and operated two coal mines. The larger one was located in the Sveagruva settlement, about 60 km south of Longyearbyen. The Svea Nord longwall mine has an annual output of 2 million tonnes of bituminous coal. A third of it is sold for metallurgical purposes. The managing director of Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani was Per Andersson. The Sveagruva mine closed in 2017.
The Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani has a shipping port at Cape Amsterdam, 15 km from Sveagruva.
In 2021, the Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani was ranked no. 81 in the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI) that covers 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.

## History

Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani was founded in 1916. The Norwegian state, that had owned 99.9 per cent of the shares in the company from 1975, increased its shareholding to 100 per cent in 2015.

## Former chief executive officers

* Hilmar Reksten
* Einar Sverdrup
* Robert Hermansen
# Geraniol 8-hydroxylase

Geraniol 8-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.83, Formerly EC 1.14.13.152, CYP76B6, G10H, CrG10H, SmG10H) is an enzyme with systematic name geraniol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (8-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    geraniol + NADPH + H$^+$ + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP$^+$ + H$_2$O
Geraniol 8-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 and therefore requires a partner cytochrome P450 reductase for functional expression.
# Einar Skjæraasen

Einar Skjæraasen (23 July 1900 – 18 March 1966) was a Norwegian author and poet, a longtime resident of Trysil.
He was a parliamentary ballot candidate for the Liberal Party from the constituency Oslo in 1957.
# Liechtenstein Homeland Service

Liechtenstein Homeland Service (German: Liechtensteiner Heimatdienst, LHD) was a political party in Liechtenstein that advocated corporate statism and the abolition of party politics. Shortly after its founding, the party also moved towards Nazism. It merged with the Christian-Social People's Party to form the Patriotic Union in 1936.

## History

The LHD was formed on 1 October 1933, with Otto Schaedler, Alois Vogt and Carl Freiherr von Vogelsang as leading members. Although the party was initially formed on the basis of an authoritarian corporate state similar to that of Austria under Engelbert Dollfuss, it quickly moved towards that of Nazism. The people behind the Rotter kidnapping also became active in the party following their release from prison. This move towards Nazism caused several founding members, such as, Richard Meier and Martin Risch to abandon the party. The party briefly held a seat in the Landtag of Liechtenstein when Georg Frick left the Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) to found the party, but he too abandoned the party following the move towards Nazism and re-joined the FBP.
The party ran an antisemitic campaign within Liechtenstein and advocated against the government's naturalization policies. In addition, the party also developed a cult of personality similar to that of Nazi Germany, with the phrase 'Heil Otto!' being used towards Schaedler within the party. The party's primary aims were the abolition of party politics, ending the customs union with Switzerland, and alignment towards Germany, with the eventual goal of Liechtenstein's annexation into the country. The party sought to gain contacts within Nazi Germany, particularly within the Verein für Deutsche Kulturbeziehungen im Ausland (VDA). In doing so, Rudolf Schädler, Alois Vogt and Carl Freiherr von Vogelsang were guests at the 1934 Nuremberg rally. In a speech on 18 March 1934, both prime minister Josef Hoop and president of the Landtag Anton Frommelt spoke out against the LHD.
In 1935, the LHD formed an alliance with the Christian-Social People's Party (VP) which was referred to as the 'National Opposition'. This alliance pushed through an initiative to introduce proportional representation within the country. However, the subsequent 1935 Liechtenstein electoral system referendum was narrowly rejected by voters. Motivated by a desire to unite the opposition prior to the 1936 Liechtenstein general election, the VP and LHD merged on 1 January 1936 to form the Patriotic Union. Despite the LHD being the smaller of the two parties, the new Patriotic Union was heavily influenced by it, with Otto Schaedler becoming the party president, and Alois Vogt the party secretary. In addition, the two parties' respective newspapers merged to form the Liechtensteiner Vaterland with Carl Freiherr von Vogelsang as its editor.
# C. S. Wallis

Charles Steel Wallis (1874–1959) was a British Church of England priest, British Army chaplain, and academic. From 1902 to 1912, he was a tutor then Vice-Principal of the London College of Divinity. He was a military chaplain during World War I. From 1919 to 1945, he was Principal of St John's College, Durham, and a lecturer in ecclesiastical history and in logic at Durham University.

## Early life

Wallis was born in 1874 to William Wallis, a solicitor. He was educated at Hatton House School, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire.

## Career

Following school, Wallis studied at the London College of Divinity and completed the universities preliminary theological examination (the exam for none-degree ordinands) in 1902. He was then ordained in the Church of England. He continued his studies at Durham University, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1906 and a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1909.
Having been ordained, he joined the staff of the London College of Divinity in 1902. In 1903, he was appointed a college tutor. He served as dean from 1904 to 1912.
In 1912, he left to join St John's College, Durham as vice-principal and chaplain. He took a break from St John's between 1915 and the end of World War I to serve as a military chaplain. Following his return from war in 1919, he took over as principal of St John's College. During his time leading the college, he extended its size, acquired further buildings and increased its finances. In 1930, he was additionally appointed rector of St Mary-le-Bow, Durham (now a redundant church housing Durham Museum and Heritage Centre). At various times, he was a lecturer in ecclesiastical history and in logic at Durham University, sub-warden of the colleges, and a member of the Durham University Council.
He retired in 1945 and died on 6 June 1959.

### Military service

Wallis became a military chaplain in 1915 and served with the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during World War I. On 7 May 1915, he was appointed a temporary Chaplain of the Forces 4th Class (equivalent to the rank of captain) in the Army Chaplains Department, British Army. In July 1915, he sailed for the Dardanelles and the Gallipoli Campaign. His duties on the transport ship included taking services, keeping up the spirits of the men and censoring the troops letters home. Ashore, he duties included basic first aid (undressing troops and washing wounds), giving last rites and holding funerals. He would also accompany hospital ships taking the wounded from the battlefield to hospitals in Egypt or Malta; he continued his basic first aid duties, services, funerals and additionally acted as letter writer for the wounded.

## Selected works

* Wallis, C. S. (1917). Fifty thousand miles on a hospital ship. London: The Religious Tract Society.
# MD5CRK

In cryptography, MD5CRK was a volunteer computing effort (similar to distributed.net) launched by Jean-Luc Cooke and his company, CertainKey Cryptosystems, to demonstrate that the MD5 message digest algorithm is insecure by finding a collision – two messages that produce the same MD5 hash. The project went live on March 1, 2004. The project ended on August 24, 2004, after researchers independently demonstrated a technique for generating collisions in MD5 using analytical methods by Xiaoyun Wang, Feng, Xuejia Lai, and Yu. CertainKey awarded a 10,000 Canadian Dollar prize to Wang, Feng, Lai and Yu for their discovery.
A technique called Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm was used to try to find a collision for MD5. The algorithm can be described by analogy with a random walk. Using the principle that any function with a finite number of possible outputs placed in a feedback loop will cycle, one can use a relatively small amount of memory to store outputs with particular structures and use them as "markers" to better detect when a marker has been "passed" before. These markers are called distinguished points, the point where two inputs produce the same output is called a collision point. MD5CRK considered any point whose first 32 bits were zeroes to be a distinguished point.

## Complexity

The expected time to find a collision is not equal to $2^{N}$ where $N$ is the number of bits in the digest output. It is in fact $2^{N}! \over {(2^{N}-K)!\times {2^{N}}^{K}}$, where $K$ is the number of function outputs collected.
For this project, the probability of success after $K$ MD5 computations can be approximated by: $1 \over {1-e^{K\times (1-K) \over 2^{N+1}}}$.
The expected number of computations required to produce a collision in the 128-bit MD5 message digest function is thus: ${1.17741\times 2^{N/2}}={1.17741\times 2^{64}}$
To give some perspective to this, using Virginia Tech's System X with a maximum performance of 12.25 Teraflops, it would take approximately ${2.17\times 10^{19}/12.25\times 10^{12}\approx 1,770,000}$ seconds or about 3 weeks. Or for commodity processors at 2 gigaflops it would take 6,000 machines approximately the same amount of time.
# Carrington Public Schools

Carrington Public Schools are a system of a publicly funded schools serving the cities of Carrington, Grace City, Sykeston and Woodworth, and the surrounding rural areas in North Dakota, United States. There is an elementary school and a high school in Carrington. The district administration offices are also in Carrington. The superintendent is Brian Duchscherer.

## Carrington Grade School

Carrington Grade School is a public elementary school located in Carrington, and is a part of the Carrington Public Schools system.

### Information

| Grades | Pre-6th |
| Principal | Januita Short |
| Students | 283 |
| Faculty | 30 |

### History

Carrington Grade School uses the historic Lincoln Building for some classes. The Lincoln Building was torn down between June 2008 and July 2008.

## Carrington High School

Carrington High School is a public high school located in Carrington. The athletic teams are known as the Cardinals. The school colors are red and white.

### Information

| Grades | 7-12th |
| Principal | David Nowatzki |
| Students | 310 |
| Faculty | 29 |

#### Championships

North Dakota High School Activities Association championships:
* State Class 'B' boys' basketball: 1995, 2010
* State Class 'B' girls' basketball: 2010, 2011
* State Class 'B' football: 1981, 1988
* State Class 'B' wrestling: 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995
* State Class 'B' girls' track and field: 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
* State Class 'B' boys' track and field: 1982

## Notable alumni

* Jim Kleinsasser - player for the Minnesota Vikings
* Stephanie Tollefson - Miss North Dakota USA 2008; attended Carrington High School for 10th-12th grade
# Piedmont Airlines Flight 349

On October 30, 1959, Piedmont Airlines Flight 349, a Douglas DC-3, crashed on Bucks Elbow Mountain near Crozet, Virginia, killing the crew of three and all but one of its twenty-four passengers. The sole survivor was seriously injured and lay on the ground near the wreckage, still strapped in his seat.

## Aircraft

The accident aircraft, named Buckeye Pacemaker, was registered as N55V and had construction number 20447. The aircraft had previously flown with Meteor Air Transport as N53593 and was sold to Piedmont Airlines in December 1956.

## Accident

The aircraft was on an instrument landing system (ILS) approach to Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport, after taking off from Washington National Airport. While performing an inbound turn towards the runway, the wing clipped the ground, and the aircraft struck the ground on Bucks Elbow Mountain at 2,600 feet (790 m).

## Investigation

The subsequent investigation determined the cause of the accident to be:
   A navigational omission which resulted in a lateral course error that was not detected and corrected through precision instrument flying procedures. A contributing factor to the accident may have been pre-occupation of the captain resulting from mental stress.

## Opposing view

The Air Line Pilots Association conducted its own investigation and came to a very different conclusion. Rather than missing the one turn on their flight, the pilot and co-pilot, according to ALPA, may have been led astray by faulty radio beacons. The ALPA report, citing numerous instances of an intermittent signal at the beacon for the Charlottesville airport, found that the beacon for a private field in Hagerstown, Maryland, could have overridden and caused the collision with the mountain.
# List of Isle of Wight bands

This is a list of bands and musicians from the Isle of Wight.

## Notable bands from the Isle of Wight

* Level 42
* The Bees (a.k.a. A Band of Bees)
* Get Shakes
* HOUNDS
* Champs
* The Operators
* Grade 2
* Luna Carina
* The Waltons
* Wet Leg
* Coach Party

## Notable Isle of Wight musicians

* Mark King, Level 42, Re-Flex
* Jet Harris, former member of the Shadows, died 2011
* Antony Harding, drummer of Hefner
* Andy Booth, drummer of Go:Audio
* Jon Thorne, session bassist, played for Lamb (band), Jools Holland, Robert Miles, Love Amongst Ruin and Robert Fripp
* Stu Fisher, studio engineer and session drummer, performed with Hole (band), Ozric Tentacles and Courtney Love
* Sarah Close, singer-songwriter and YouTuber
* Dick Taylor, guitarist for Pretty Things and early bassist for the Rolling Stones
* Lee Downer, singer and guitarist for the Defiled
* Razzle (Nicholas Dingley) Drummer for Hanoi Rocks
* Snowy White guitarist in Thin Lizzy 1980 to 1982
* David Steele, Fine Young Cannibals
* Lauran Hibberd
# Arunachal Pradesh Khaw Tai rice

Arunachal Pradesh Khaw Tai (Khamti Rice) is an indigenous variety of non-Basmati, short-grained bold aromatic rice mainly grown in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It is a common and traditionally widely cultivated crop by Khampti tribe farmers in Namsai, Changlang, and Lohit districts. Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "Arunachal Pradesh Khaw Tai (Khamti Rice)".

## Name

The name "Arunachal Pradesh Khaw Tai (Khamti Rice)" is made up of few terms - With "Arunachal Pradesh" referring to the state where it is cultivated; "Khaw" or "Khao" means rice in the local Khamti language; "Tai" refers to the Tai ethnic group and also Tai means heavenly; and "Khamti" refers to the Khamti ethnic tribe - the primary cultivators for this rice variety, who call themselves Tai Khampti. It is simply known as Khaw Tai rice or Khamti rice too.

## Description

The Khampti farmers, inhabiting the Namsai region of Arunachal Pradesh, traditionally cultivate crops. "Khampti" means "a land full of gold". Their staple food includes the chewy sticky Khaw Tai rice, which has a strong aroma, bold size, and is much healthier with many medicinal values. The sources of water for growing rice create rice environments either irrigated or rain-fed. This rice was once used by their ancestors as a protective jacket during wars and jungle expeditions, providing both protection and sustenance.

### Cuisine

The Khampti people also enjoy boiled rice cakes wrapped in leaves and a simple meal of rice mixed with boiled green leafy vegetables. The Khampti's rice food recipes include Tongtep, cakes made of grounded rice, Khawlam, boiled rice and sesame seeds, Paasa, fresh river fish soup with special herbs, as well as Paa-som and Nam-Som.

## Geographical indication

It was awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) status tag from the Geographical Indications Registry, under the Union Government of India, on 3 October 2023 and is valid until 12 December 2031.
Namsai Organic Spices and Agricultural Producer Company Limited from Lohit, proposed the GI registration of Arunachal Pradesh Khaw Tai (Khamti Rice). After filing the application in December 2021, the rice was granted the GI tag in 2023 by the Geographical Indication Registry in Chennai, making the name "Arunachal Pradesh Khaw Tai (Khamti Rice)" exclusive to the rice grown in the region. It thus became the first rice variety from Arunachal Pradesh and the 3rd type of goods from Arunachal Pradesh to earn the GI tag. The GI tag protects the rice from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.
# Pyatnitsky Choir

The Pyatnitsky Russian Folk Chorus (Russian: Государственный академический русский народный хор им. М. Е. Пятницкого) is a Russian musical group which was established by Mitrofan Pyatnitsky in 1910 initially with 18 peasants from Voronezh, Ryazan and Smolensk gubernias. The peasant chorus held its first performance at the Small hall of the Moscow Nobility Club (later the October Hall of the House of the Unions) on March 2, 1911.
Pyatnitsky focused on traditional Russian song. The performers sang, enacted dance scenes and played folk instruments. One of the first renowned soloists in the chorus was Arina Kolobayeva. In its early years the chorus received high praise from Russian musicians Sergei Rachmaninov and Fyodor Chaliapin.
In 1918, the chorus transferred its base to Moscow. After hearing the chorus, Lenin personally noted the necessity of expanding the chorus's activities, having it perform in concert halls, factories and plants. In 1925, Mitrofan Pyatnitsky was awarded the title of Merited Artist of the Republic.
After Pyatnitsky's death, the company was named after him and its leadership was taken over by Pyotr Kazmin. In 1931, the chorus was joined by Vladimir Grigorievich Zakharov, who enhanced the chorus's repertoire with his songs. The ensemble was enlarged with a dance group and orchestra of Russian folk instruments in the 1930s, led by Vasily Khvatov. In 1962, Valentin Levashov became the company's art director.
The chorus has its folklore studio with a collection of folklore materials and recordings. Today, the chorus has over 100 members. The chorus has been awarded numerous state awards. In its long existence, it has visited every port of the former Soviet Union and toured Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Austria, Finland, Canada, Israel, Japan, Sweden, Mexico, Germany, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Norway and Luxembourg.
The group has often performed on stage with Alexander Rosenbaum.