OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Lawson of High Riggs

Richard Lawson of High Riggs, KC (c. 1450–1507) was a Scottish landlord, diplomat and lawyer who was made Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1492 and Justice-Clerk-General to the King in 1504. He was the father of James Lawson, an MP of the Scottish Parliament, and the grandfather of James Lawson, Lord Lawson, who was made Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1532.

## Career

Lawson was trained as a lawyer and largely served the country in the role of ambassador in treaties with England and as King's Council. He served as Town Clerk in Edinburgh in 1482. He was Justice-Clerk from 1489 and was still in post described as Justice-Clerk-General to the King in January 1504/5.
Lawson joined with Edinburgh merchants in lending money to James III of Scotland in 1482 and 1488, two crisis years of his reign.
He was one of the counsellors appointed for managing the affairs of James IV. Along with Alexander Home of that Ilk, Chamberlain of Scotland, and others, he was one of the Commissioners appointed to ratify the treaty concluded at Coldstream on 5 October 1488 for a three years' truce with England. On 30 May 1490 he was one of the Commissioners of the King who, with 300 horsemen, had a Safe-Conduct for two months to enter England, remain and return. On the 25th June 1492 he was one of the King's Commissioners who concluded a new 7 year treaty with England, and on 28 July the next year was again a Commissioner in a party of ambassadors to England for 6 months; and yet again on 22 May 1495 he was one of the Ambassadors, with 100 horsemen, who had a safe conduct to England for 6 months.
He was one of the ambassadors of Scotland, who concluded a new 7 year treaty with England, at Ayton, Berwickshire, on 30 September 1497, ratified by King James on 10 February 1497/8 in the presence of Pedro de Ayala, Prothonotary of the King & Queen of Spain and their ambassador to Scotland.
In May 1505, Lawson was acting as Provost of Edinburgh and with the burgh council accepted a receipt from Julian Laci, the factor of the Italiam merchant Jerome Frescobaldi, which declared that the former Provost, Alexander Lauder of Blyth had returned all the goods belonging to Frescobaldi which had been in his custody.

## Family

He owned a country estate known as Cairnmuir House in the Pentland Hills which he gave to his eldest son, Richard Jr, in October 1504. Another son, Robert Lawson, was killed in action at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. Another son, James Lawson, was elected as an MP of the Scottish Parliament in 1528 and again in 1532.
His grandson James Lawson, Lord Lawson, became both a Senator of the College of Justice and Provost of Edinburgh in 1532.
# Christopher Battarbee

Christopher Mark Battarbee (born 11 April 1975) is a former English first-class cricketer.
Born at Sidcup in April 1975, Battarbee attended Keble College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1997, making seven appearances. Playing as a right-arm medium pace bowler, he took 11 wickets at an average of 57.00, with best figures of 2 for 56. After graduating from Oxford, Battarbee became a schoolteacher. He is the current head of geography at Tonbridge School.
# Tom Niedenfuer

Thomas Edward Niedenfuer (born August 13, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right-handed pitcher. Exclusively a reliever during his ten-year career, he played his first six-plus seasons for the Los Angeles Dodgers, then finished out with the Baltimore Orioles, Seattle Mariners, and St. Louis Cardinals.

## Amateur career

Born in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, Niedenfuer first moved with his family to Pennsylvania when he was three, and later moved to Washington when he was in the third grade. Raised in Redmond, Washington, he graduated from Redmond High School in 1977 and was selected in the 36th round of the MLB draft by the Dodgers.
Niedenfuer did not sign and played college baseball; he was a standout pitcher for the Washington State Cougars in Pullman under head coach Bobo Brayton. He signed with the Dodgers as an amateur free agent in August 1980, prior to his senior season at WSU.

## Professional career

Niedenfuer started 1981 with the San Antonio Dodgers of the Double-A Texas League. As a 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) rookie in the strike-shortened 1981 season, he debuted in the majors in mid-August.
He appeared in 17 games for the Dodgers, and excelled in the World Series, pitching five innings in two games (1,4) with no runs allowed as the Dodgers defeated the New York Yankees in six games.
Niedenfuer's best all-around year was 1983, when he pitched in a career-high 66 games and posted an 8–3 record with 11 saves and a 1.90 earned run average. He went 7–9 in 1985, but posted career highs in saves (19) and innings pitched (106.1), with a 2.71 ERA.
In the National League Championship Series, he gave up a walk-off home run to light-hitting shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 that gave the St. Louis Cardinals a one-game lead.
Two days later at Dodger Stadium, he was victimized by a Jack Clark three-run homer with two outs in the ninth inning that gave the Cardinals the pennant in six games.
In 1987, during his seventh season with the Dodgers, he went 1–0 with a 2.76 ERA in 15 games before being traded on May 22 to the Baltimore Orioles. He struggled in the American League the rest of the season, with a 4.99 ERA in 45 games; 1988 was better, posting a 3.51 ERA with 18 saves.
Niedenfuer became a free agent after 1988, and spent one season each with the Seattle Mariners and St. Louis Cardinals, going a combined 0–9 and retired with 484 career appearances.

## Personal life

Niedenfuer was married to Lisa Byers from 1982 to 1985. He has been married to actress Judy Landers since November 1987, and they have resided in Sarasota, Florida, since 1996. They have two daughters, Lindsey and Kristy, who own and operate an event-planning company and perform in a pop music band together.
# Hugh Morgan Tuite

Hugh Morgan Tuite (1795 – 15 August 1868) was an Irish Whig politician.
He was the first surviving son of Hugh Tuite of Sonna and Sarah Elizabeth née Chenevix, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Daniel Chenevix of Ballycommon. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1826, he married Mary, daughter of Maurice O'Connor, with whom he had one son and one daughter—Joseph Tuite (1828–1910) and Sarah Elizabeth Tuite (died 1905)—before her death in 1863. He married again, in 1863, to Hester Maria, daughter of John Hogan.
After testing the field via a "limited canvas" in 1824, Tuite was first elected MP for Westmeath at the 1826 general election, offering himself as a pro-Catholic opposed to dominant Protestant interests, and devoid of "any particular line of politics". He told electors that emancipation would restore "peace and good order" and that he wished for the county to be rescued "from the degradation of being considered a sort of family property, or hereditary borough". His election was supported by the Catholic Association and, despite accusations of widespread electoral misconduct by his supporters amid a "severe struggle", was returned to the seat.
A petition was lodged against his return, which Tuite declined to defend, causing him to be absent for a number of votes in parliament. After associates registered as defence, however, a commission was established in 1827, but then broke up in 1828 and the petition was decided in his favour. This period of his parliamentary career saw Tuite vote in favour of Catholic relief and emancipation, both for Catholics and Jews.
Tuite stood for election for the same seat in 1830 but, faced with an alliance between his former opponents and criticism for his support of emancipation, he was "rather remiss" with canvassing and was defeated. At the 1831 election, he initially stood as a supporter of the Grey ministry's reform bill, but withdrew.
He returned to parliament, again sitting for Westmeath, after the 1841 general election and held the seat until 1847, when he did not seek re-election.
Before his death at his family home, Sonna, in 1868, Tuite was also a Justice of the Peace for County Westmeath, and Deputy Lieutenant of County Westmeath. He had also been High Sheriff of Westmeath in 1822, and High Sheriff of Longford in 1837.
# Morata de Jiloca

Morata de Jiloca is a municipality on the river Jiloca, located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. At the 2018 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 282 inhabitants.
# 2013 in Turkish television

This is a list of Turkish television related events from 2013.

## Events

* 18 February - Mustafa Bozkurt wins the second season of O Ses Türkiye.

## Television shows
### 2010s

* O Ses Türkiye (2011–present)
# Sporting nationality

Nationality in sporting events describes the affiliation of a participant in an international sporting event with one or more nations, typically as a member or potential member of a national team. The participant's sporting nationality is often the same as their citizenship at birth, but many sports have rules that allow participants to change nationalities, add a nationality, or represent a country to which they have limited ties through birth or ancestry.
A participant in a sporting event may have a sporting nationality without necessarily being a member of a national team.

## Athletics

In athletics, World Athletics eligibility rules define which member nation or nations an athlete may represent. Eligibility to represent a nation typically derives from legal citizenship, attained either through birth of the participant or a recent ancestor, or through residence, marriage, or other means. World Athletics also maintains eligibility rules related to new countries, countries that no longer exist, or countries that change their affiliation with the organization, and reviews requests for transfers of allegiance made by athletes. There is typically a multi-year waiting period for athletes who request a transfer of allegiance.

## Association football

In association football, FIFA maintains eligibility rules for participants in international competitions. In 2004, FIFA amended its wider policy on international eligibility, ruling that players must be able to demonstrate a "clear connection" to a country that they had not been born in but wished to represent. This ruling explicitly stated that, in such scenarios, the player must have at least one parent or grandparent who was born in that country, or the player must have been resident in that country for at least two years. The residency requirement for players lacking birth or ancestral connections with a specific country was extended from two to five years in 2008.

## Equestrian

The Fédération Équestre Internationale regulates sport nationality for equestrians.

## Olympic Games

Participants in the Olympic Games must be a national of the country (formally, the National Olympic Committee) that they are representing at the Games. Like World Athletics, the International Olympic Committee's charter contains provisions for participants to change allegiances, and rules related to changes in the national status of states and territories.

## Rugby

In addition to rules related to birth and biological ancestry, World Rugby, the governing body for rugby union, specifies that if a player has been legally adopted under the laws of the relevant country, descent is traced through the adoptive parent(s).

## Change of nationality

Change of nationality by participants in international sporting events has been the subject of academic study.
# Ted Baker (footballer)

Edward Richard Baker (21 January 1901 – 22 July 1986) was an Australian rules footballer who played with four clubs in the Victorian Football League (VFL), mainly for Geelong and Collingwood.
Baker was born in Maryborough, but lived in Wonthaggo from the of ten years old.
A rover, he also played eight games for Victoria at interstate football.
The highlight of his career was being Geelong's 1931 VFL premiership captain.
# Time and materials

Time and materials (T&M) is a standard phrase in a contract for construction, product development, or any other piece of work in which the employer agrees to pay the contractor based upon the time spent by the contractor's employees and the subcontractors' employees to perform the work, and for materials used in the construction, plus the contractor's markup on the materials used, no matter how much work is required to complete construction. Time and materials is generally used in projects in which it is not possible to estimate the size of the project accurately or when it is expected that the project requirements will most likely change.
This is opposed to a fixed-price contract in which the owner agrees to pay the contractor a lump sum for fulfillment of the contract, no matter what the contractors pay their employees, sub-contractors, and suppliers.
Many time and materials contracts also carry a guaranteed maximum price, which puts an upper limit on what the contractor may charge but allows the owner to pay less if the job is completed more quickly.
# Wijerd Jelckama

Wijerd Jelckama (also spelled Wierd and Wijard) (c. 1490– 7 July 1523) was a Frisian military commander, warlord and member of the Arumer Zwarte Hoop ("Arumer Black Heap"). He was the lieutenant of Pier Gerlofs Donia (also known as Grutte Pier) and fought alongside him against the Saxon and Hollandic invaders. Jelckama took Donia's place as a freedom fighter after Donia retired in 1519.

## Early life and family

Jelckama was born in the year 1490 in a large family of farmers and petty noblemen. He was descended from knights who had participated in the Crusades. One of his ancestors from his father's side of the family had died at the Siege of Antioch.

## Rebellion

Together with Pier Gerlofs Donia, Jelckama fought against the Saxon warriors that occupied their homeland of Frisia, at the capture of Medemblik, and in the siege of Middelburg castle.
In addition to the area occupied by the Saxons, parts of Frisia were conquered by Denmark, Holland, and local duchies. Donia and Jelckama's goal was to rid Frisia of all foreign powers and regain independence. Under the leadership of Donia, they used guerilla tactics and gained several victories, including the successful siege of two Hollandic castles and the city of Medemblik. Their greatest success, however, came at sea, where Donia and Jelckama sank 28 Dutch ships, earning Donia the title "Cross of the Dutchmen".
The rebels received financial support from Charles of Egmond, who claimed the Duchy of Guelders in opposition to the Habsburgs. Charles also used mercenaries under Maarten van Rossum in his support. However, when the tides turned against the rebels after 1520, Charles withdrew his support, and the rebels could no longer afford to pay their mercenary army. Around the same time, Arumer Zwarte Hoop also lost their leader. In 1519, Donia's health grew worse. He retired to his farm where he died in 1520. He was buried in Sneek in the 15th-century Groote Kerk (also called the Martinikerk).
Jelckama took over the command of the armies, then made up of over 4,000 soldiers. Jelckama also gained some minor victories, but proved to be a less competent commander and slowly lost men. Jelckama and his soldiers took part in acts of piracy and sacked many villages in the Frisian lands, losing the trust and support of their own people. The fact that Jelckama was less personable than Donia also cost him: he forged less fruitful alliances and lost more than he made. All this would lead to the defeat of Jelckama and his army.

## Death

After a series of defeats, he and what was left of the Frisian army were captured in 1523 and taken to the city of Leeuwarden in Frisia. There they were publicly beheaded. With the death of Jelckama and the rebels, the rebellion of Frisia came to an end. It was the last revolt in Frisian history and is remembered as such to this day.
# John Yen

John Yen is Professor of Data Science and Professor-in-Charge of Data Science in the College of Information Sciences and Technology at Pennsylvania State University. He currently leads the Laboratory of AI for Cyber Security at Penn State. He was the founder and a former director of the Cancer Informatics Initiative there.
Yen received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1986. His thesis advisor is Prof. Lotfi A. Zadeh, the father of fuzzy logic. Between 1986 and 1989, he was the main architect at USC Information Sciences Institute (ISI) for an AI architecture that pioneers a knowledge-level integration of a descriptive logic knowledge representation scheme with production rules. Before joining IST in 2001, he was a Professor of Computer Science and the Director of Center for Fuzzy Logic, Robotics, and Intelligent Systems at Texas A&M University. He was the Vice President of Publication for IEEE Neural Networks Council, now IEEE Computational Intelligence Society. Yen received the National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award in 1992. He is an IEEE Fellow.
Yen received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from National Taiwan University in 1980, and M.S. degree in Computer Science from University of Santa Clara in 1982.

## Books

* Emergent Information Technologies and Enabling Policies for Counter-Terrorism, by Robert L. Popp, John Yen, 2006
* Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information, by John Yen and Reza Langari, 1998
# Appassionata (1974 film)

Appassionata (also known as Passionate) is a 1974 Italian erotic drama film directed by and co-written by Gianluigi Calderone.
The film stars Gabriele Ferzetti as a dentist whose stable life is put into jeopardy when his daughter and her friend, played by Ornella Muti and Eleonora Giorgi, begin sexually pursuing him.

## Plot

Emilio is a dentist whose mentally unbalanced wife never goes out, spending much of the day at her piano. Their daughter Eugenia brings home a school friend, Nicola, who is sympathetic towards the mother but also tries quick sex with the father. Perhaps jealous, Eugenia then tries to seduce her father. When the mother eventually has to be placed in a clinic, it is Nicola who puts the grieving Emilio to bed. In the morning, it is Eugenia who gets out of his bed and the two girls put on their uniforms to go off to school.

## Cast

* Gabriele Ferzetti as Dr. Emilio Rutelli
* Ornella Muti as Eugenia Rutelli
* Eleonora Giorgi as Nicola
* Valentina Cortese as Elisa Rutelli
* Ninetto Davoli as Butcher's Boy
* Jeanine Martinovic as
* Renata Zamengo as assistant
* Carla Mancini as patient
* Luigi Antonio Guerra [it] as
# Simon Lacey

Simon James Lacey (born 9 March 1975) is a former English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire between in 1997
Lacey debuted in the Second XI Championship in 1992 and made his first appearance for the first eleven five years later in the 1997 season. When he played against Hampshire in August 2000, he achieved his best batting figures, one of two half-century innings of his career. Simon James Lacey was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler with best figures of 4-84 against Hampshire.
Most recently, Lacey has starred in the Derbyshire Premier League for Chesterfield where he became the first ever player to reach 500 Premier League wickets.
In 2015,Lacey moved back to his hometown club, Langley Mill as player coach where he helped them gain promotion from Division 1 to the Premier League
# Amharization

Amharization is the process seeking to establish the dominance of Amhara traditions, culture and language above over ethnic groups in Ethiopia. During the Imperial rule, Amhara enjoyed greater influence, from imposing Amharic language and culture to dominating Ethiopian politics. Amhara elites also aspired to build Ethiopian nation. Amhara dominance has been since during the Derg era until 1991.
Tigrayan-led EPRDF regime supposed to end Amharization, implements ethnic federalism under the constitution. However, the constitution failed to solve long term protracted conflicts in the country and further heightened tension among ethnic groups. TPLF also used to divide and rule mechanism and Tigrayan priority in the politics.

## Background

Amhara dominance enjoyed to extent degree during the Imperial era. For instance, under Emperor Haile Selassie regime, the process of Amharization took place by implementing Amharic language, culture, religion, and tradition. In 1967, the government imprisoned leaders of Mecha and Tulama Self-Help Association, an Oromo nationalist groups that also advocated for Ethiopian nationalism at that time. As crackdowns became tighter, Oromo nationalists grew densely, leading to the formation of Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in 1973. The Amhara also exerted influence during the Derg era, advocating an "indivisible" Greater Ethiopian empire, despite being opposed by Eritrean nationalist and the ongoing civil war. The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), an Amhara-led organization composed about 3,000 to 5,000 fighters opposed the Tigrayan led EPRDF coalition. Amhara rule ended when EPRDF won victory against Mengistu's authority in 1991.
After the collapse of the Derg regime in May 1991, the FDRE constitution accorded the rights of assimilation of Amhara people on the basis of their language and culture (See Nations, Nationalities and Peoples). Julian Sommerschuh of the University of Hamburg in the Journal of Eastern African Studies published an article in April 2023 that claims Aari (also Ari) people in Southwest Ethiopia forcefully adopted Amhara culture and their religion, the Orthodox Christianity due to centuries-old humiliation and marginalization by Amhara.
# Nicholas Halliday

Nicholas Halliday (Chinese: 貝俊龍; born 18 June 1999) is a Hong Kong sailor who competes in the ILCA 7 class. He qualified to represent Hong Kong at the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics. He won gold at the 2023 ASAF Asian Sailing Championships in Thailand.
# St. Dimitry's Church, Novocherkassk

Saint Dimitry's Church (Russian: Свя́то-Дими́триевский храм) is a Russian Orthodox church in Novocherkassk dedicated to Demetrius of Thessaloniki. It is located at the town cemetery, and thus sometimes called the Cemetery Church of St. Dimitry.

## History

In the fall of 1810, a wooden Church of St. Demetrius was consecrated on the grounds of the town cemetery. This wooden church existed until 1861. At the initiative of the Don Cossack Ataman Chomutov and Archbishop of Don and Novocherkassk John, construction began in 1857 on a stone church to replace the wooden one. Construction was funded by Don Cossacks and various merchants, and was completed in 1859. The designer of the project was the famous architect Ivan Valprede.
In 1901 a parish school was opened at the church, and it still continues to function. There was also once a chapel dedicated to the memory of Cossacks who died in First World War.
At the cemetery were buried the first elected Ataman of the Don Cossacks since the time of Peter I, Alexey Kaledin (his grave has not been preserved); Don historian V. Sukhorukov; the Ataman's son M.G Chomutov, and many others. Among the remaining graves, although looted or destroyed, are those of General Hreschatitsky, General Lyutenskov, and others.
After the establishment of Soviet regime in Novocherkassk in 1920, the church was not closed, and continued to be in service. In 1999, the church was sanctified and there were arranged six new bells, and the structure was renovated overall.