# Siege of Uruguaiana

vteParaguayan War :
Mato Grosso campaign
Marquês de Olinda
1st Corumbá
Fort Novo de Coimbra
Feio River
Dourados
Anhambaí
Coxim
Laguna
Apa River
2nd Corumbá
Alegre
Corrientes campaign
Corrientes
San Lorenzo River
Rio Grande do Sul
São Borja
Butuí
Uruguaiana
Riachuelo
Paso de Mercedes
Paso de Cuevas
Yatay
Pehuajó
Jaguarí
Humaitá campaign
Purutué Bank
Paso de Patria
Laguna Sirena
Itapirú
Estero Bellaco
Paso Cidra
1st Tuyutí
Yataytí Corá
Boquerón
Sauce
Palmar
Curuzú
Curupayty
Arroyo Hondo
Hacienda Laguna
Tuyú Cué
1st Passage of Curupayty
Pilar
Ombú
Estero Rojas
Perecué
Tatayibá
Potrero Obella
Humaitá
Passage
2nd Tuyutí
Paso Ipohy
2nd Passage of Curupayty
Laguna Cierva
Cabral and Lima Barros
1st Iasuií
2nd Iasuií
Poí Island
Barroso and Rio Grande
Acayuazá
Fortín Island
Pikysyry campaign
Yacaré
Paso de Tebicuarí
Surubí
Pikysyry
Dezembrada
Ytororó
Avay
Lomas Valentinas
Angostura
San Fernando
Asunción
Cordilleras campaign
Manduvirá River
Concepción
Ybytimí
Tupí-hú
Sapukái
Diarte
Piribebuy
Acosta Ñu
Piribebuy River
Hondo River
Itapytangua
Tacuaty
Curuguaty
Hucuratí
Loma Rugua
Caguijuru–Caraguataí
Iguatemi
Río Verde
Cambaceguá
Lomaruguá
Cerro Corá
Miranda :
The siege of Uruguaiana was an engagement in the Paraguayan War that began in late August 1865, and ended on 18 September that year when the Paraguayans were forced to surrender due to low food supplies. Paraguayan forces surrendered in spite of President López's order to the Paraguayan commander, Colonel Estigarribia, not to do so. After the allied victory at Uruguaiana, Lopéz withdrew his army from Argentina and Brazil.

## Background

The Paraguayan Army had captured Uruguaiana at 5 August 1865, without any resistance. Yet, following their defeat in the Battle of Yatay, the Paraguayans fortified Uruguaiana with 8,000 men and an abattis. Col. Estigarribia faced the combined allied armies of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.$^{:39}$ On 16 July, the Brazilian Army reached the border of Rio Grande do Sul and joined with President Mitre's forces to surround Uruguaiana by Sept.$^{:39}$ The Brazilian Navy held the river with the steamers Taquary, Tramandahy, Onze de Junho, Iniciador, Uruguay, and Unido.$^{:39}$
From the very beginning, the Brazilian commanders had an acrimonious relationship with Brazil's allies Bartolomé Mitre, president of Argentina, and Venancio Flores, president of Uruguay, each of whom led the army of their respective nation. The years had not lessened Porto Alegre's prejudice against Hispanic-Americans; on the contrary, his antagonism had increased. On 2 September, Flores suggested an immediate attack on Uruguaiana, an option rejected by Porto Alegre and Joaquim Marques Lisboa (then-Viscount and later Marquis of Tamandaré), the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Navy. When Flores claimed that he could defeat the Paraguayan army alone, he was mocked by both Brazilian officers. Field Marshal Manuel Luís Osório was at the front of the Brazilian troops. Some of the troops, commanded by Lt. Gen. Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre, left to reinforce Uruguaiana.
The allied troops united under Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, the Count d'Eu, and President Mitre in the camp of Concordia, in the Argentine province of Entre Ríos.$^{:39}$ Since his arrival in Uruguaiana, Mitre had claimed the position of commander-in-chief of all allied forces participating in the siege—a precedence which Porto Alegre vehemently refused to recognize. He reminded the Argentine president that, according to the Treaty of the Triple Alliance, the imperial army would be led by a Brazilian officer while on Brazilian soil. The dispute was temporarily forgotten when Pedro II arrived at the front. The Brazilian monarch settled the dispute when, at his suggestion, the allied army was divided into three forces, one led by Porto Alegre and the other two by Mitre and Flores.

## Siege

A call for Uruguaiana to surrender was ignored on 4 Sept.$^{:40}$ On 11 September, emperor Pedro II arrived at the scene of the siege, where were the presidents of Argentina, Bartolomé Mitre and Uruguay, Venancio Flores, and several military leaders, such as Admiral Tamandaré. The allied forces of the siege counted on 17,346 combatants and 12,393 Brazilians, Argentine 3,802 and 1,220 Uruguayans, and 54 guns. The surrender came on 18 September when Estigarribia's men had exhausted all food except sugar.$^{:40}$

## Aftermath

President López evacuated Corrientes in order to defend Paraguay's frontier. Gen. Resquín commanded the evacuation, taking over 100,000 head of cattle and other livestock across the Paraguay River at Paso de Patria between 31 Oct and 3 Nov.$^{:40}$