OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cold Spring Mountain

Cold Spring Mountain is a summit in Moffat County, Colorado. It was also known as O-WI-YU-KUTS Plateau. It is on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps of Sparks, Beaver Basin, Willow Creek Butte, Big Joe Basin, and Irish Canyon.

## West Cold Spring Wilderness Study Area

In 1980, the West Cold Spring Wilderness Study Area was established by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). It includes 3,200 acres in Daggett County, Utah and 18,036 acres in Moffat County, Colorado. It is about 65 miles northwest of Maybell and 95 miles northwest of Craig, Colorado. Little Snake is the designated BLM field office. Backpacking, hiking, fishing, camping and hunting are activities to be enjoyed at West Cold Spring.
It is on the western portion of the south-facing slopes and deep draws and canyons through the O-Wi-Yu-Kuts Plateau, and forming ridges and plateaus on the northern side of the Green River valley. The elevation range is from ~5,749 to ~8,212 feet. There is a range of riparian vegetation along Beaver Creek Canyon and Spitzie Draw, including sagebrush steppe, saltbush, aspen, pine, and oak scrub. There are various songbirds and snakes. Black bear, mountain lion, mule deer, beaver, elk, fox, and coyote are among the fauna of the area. Beaver Creek has trout.

## History

There are prehistoric cultural sites of the Paleo-Indian and historic cultural sites from the Shoshone and Ute tribes. See also List of prehistoric sites in Colorado, and History of Colorado
Cowboy and outlaw Isom Dart lived near the top of the mountain, close to his horse ranch and Browns Park. He was killed there in 1900 by Tom Horn, a stock investigator and former Pinkerton detective.
# Killay, County Tyrone

Killay or Killey (possibly from Irish Coill Aodha, meaning 'Hugh's wood') is a townland (of 352 acres) and hamlet near Pomeroy in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The area of Killay is rural and the main livelihood is farming. It is surrounded by the townlands of Cavanacaw, Tanderagee, Lurganeden, Aughafad, Turnabarson, Gortnagarn and Cavanakeeran.
Killay was the home-town of one of the oldest men who ever lived, George Fletcher, who died in 1906 aged 118. Edward VII commemorated this with a gold snuff box in 1904. At the time Fletcher was the oldest person in the United Kingdom.
Killay originated from the estate of Sir William Parsons, Surveyor General of Ireland in the 17th century, who received 1,000-acre (4 km$^2$) estate as part of the Plantation of Ulster.
# Chapel Hill Independent School District (Titus County, Texas)

Chapel Hill Independent School District is a public school district located in Southeastern Titus County, Texas (USA).
The district has three schools on the same campus – Chapel Hill High (grades 9-12), Chapel Hill Junior High (grades 6-8), and Chapel Hill Elementary (grades K-5). The campus is located approximately 1⁄4 mile north of Northeast Texas Community College.
The principal for the elementary school is Misty Lake. The principal for the junior high school is Chris McClure. The principal for the high school is Matt Dunn.
In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
# Ronald Franklin

Ronald Franklin (9 September 1904 – 28 September 1982) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Essex. He was born in Ford End and died in Prestwood.
Franklin made just one first-class appearance, against Leicestershire in the 1924 County Championship, when he was just nineteen years old, playing alongside his brother. He scored just one run during the match, and took one wicket with the ball. Franklin was immediately dropped from the team.
Franklin's brother, Henry, played first-class cricket between 1921 and 1931.
# COP9 signalosome

COP9 (Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome (CSN) is a protein complex with isopeptidase activity. It catalyses the hydrolysis of NEDD8 protein from the cullin subunit of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL). Therefore, it is responsible for CRL deneddylation – at the same time, it is able to bind denedyllated cullin-RING complex and retain them in deactivated form. COP9 signalosome thus serves as a sole deactivator of CRLs. The complex was originally identified in plants, and subsequently found in all eukaryotic organisms including human. Human COP9 signalosome (total size ~350 kDa) consists of 8 subunits - CSN1, CSN2, CSN3, CSN4, CSN5, CSN6, CSN7 (COPS7A, COPS7B), CSN8. All are essential for full function of the complex and mutation in some of them is lethal in mice.

## COP9 signalosome as a drug target for cancer and parasitic infections

Given the essential functions of the COP9 signalosome, the complex has been explored as a target for drug discovery. Preclinical studies showed that inhibiting COP9 resulted in death of cancer cells and medically important parasite.
# Coleman River Scenic Area

The Coleman River Scenic Area is located in Rabun County, Georgia in the Chattooga River District of the Chattahoochee National Forest. It is located at the point of confluence of Coleman River with the Tallulah River. The scenic area consists of 330 acres (1.3 km$^2$) encompassing lower Coleman River and was dedicated in 1960 to "Ranger Nick" Nicholson following his 40 years of public service. At the point of confluence of the two rivers, the elevation is approximately 2,200 feet (670 m).
The scenic area includes a 1.0-mile (1.6 km) trail called the Coleman River Trail that parallels Coleman River upstream through stands of large old-growth timber. While there are no waterfalls, there are several cascades of water over rocks and boulders. Plenty of native plants such as Mountain Camellia, mountain laurel and rhododendron grow in the area.
# Arthur Duckworth

George Arthur Victor Duckworth (3 January 1901 – 14 November 1986), known as Arthur Duckworth, was a British Conservative Party politician.
He was elected as the member of parliament (MP) for Shrewsbury at the 1929 general election. He was re-elected in 1931 and 1935, and held the seat until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1945 election.
In 1936, he won 7th place in the ballot for private member's bills, and proposed to bring forward a Medical and Surgical Appliances (Advertisement) Bill.
He announced in April 1945 that he would not stand again at the next election.

## Personal life

Duckworth married Alice Frances Hammond, a fifth-generation descendant of Cornelius Vanderbilt, in March 1927; they had three daughters. The couple were divorced in February 1942, on the grounds of his wife's adultery in New York; she married the American bandleader Benny Goodman; the following month.
# Rosko Gee

Rosko Gee is a Jamaican bassist, who has played with the English band Traffic on their album When the Eagle Flies (1974); with Go featuring Stomu Yamashta, Steve Winwood, Michael Shrieve, Klaus Schulze and Al Di Meola; and with the German band Can, along with former Traffic percussionist Rebop Kwaku Baah, appearing on the albums Saw Delight, Out of Reach and Can. He toured with Can in 1977 and also provided vocals for some of the band's songs during this period.
After the breakup of Traffic in 1974, he played in the Johnny Nash band, Sons of the Jungle.
In 1983, he recorded an album with Zahara, a group with several notable members including Rebop Kwaku Baah (percussion), Paul Delph (keyboards) and Bryson Graham (drums).
In 1994, he rejoined Traffic for a reunion tour that included performances opening for the Grateful Dead which later yielded the live album The Last Great Traffic Jam (2005).
He played bass in the house band of Harald Schmidt's various late night TV shows on German television from 1996 to 2014.
His band Rosko Gee & The Hooded Ones released its first single in January 2015.
# Fenniarail

Fenniarail Oy is a private Finnish freight railway operator founded in 2009. The company was granted its operating certificate in 2015. In 2019, the company had a market share of less than two percent, with the state-owned VR Group having the rest of the market. The company operates using six class Dr18 diesel locomotives and one class Sr3 electric locomotive, and has two more Sr3 locomotives on order.
# C-terminus

The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is translated from messenger RNA, it is created from N-terminus to C-terminus. The convention for writing peptide sequences is to put the C-terminal end on the right and write the sequence from N- to C-terminus.

## Chemistry

Each amino acid has a carboxyl group and an amine group. Amino acids link to one another to form a chain by a dehydration reaction which joins the amine group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next. Thus polypeptide chains have an end with an unbound carboxyl group, the C-terminus, and an end with an unbound amine group, the N-terminus. Proteins are naturally synthesized starting from the N-terminus and ending at the C-terminus.

## Function
### C-terminal retention signals

While the N-terminus of a protein often contains targeting signals, the C-terminus can contain retention signals for protein sorting. The most common ER retention signal is the amino acid sequence -KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) or -HDEL (His-Asp-Glu-Leu) at the C-terminus. This keeps the protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevents it from entering the secretory pathway.

### Peroxisomal targeting signal

The sequence -SKL (Ser-Lys-Leu) or similar near C-terminus serves as peroxisomal targeting signal 1, directing the protein into peroxisome.

### C-terminal modifications

The C-terminus of proteins can be modified posttranslationally, most commonly by the addition of a lipid anchor to the C-terminus that allows the protein to be inserted into a membrane without having a transmembrane domain.

#### Prenylation

One form of C-terminal modification is prenylation. During prenylation, a farnesyl- or geranylgeranyl-isoprenoid membrane anchor is added to a cysteine residue near the C-terminus. Small, membrane-bound G proteins are often modified this way.

#### GPI anchors

Another form of C-terminal modification is the addition of a phosphoglycan, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), as a membrane anchor. The GPI anchor is attached to the C-terminus after proteolytic cleavage of a C-terminal propeptide. The most prominent example for this type of modification is the prion protein.

#### Methylation

C-terminal leucine is methylated at carboxyl group by enzyme leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 in vertebrates, forming methyl ester.

### C-terminal domain

The C-terminal domain of some proteins has specialized functions. In humans, the CTD of RNA polymerase II typically consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. This allows other proteins to bind to the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase in order to activate polymerase activity. These domains are then involved in the initiation of DNA transcription, the capping of the RNA transcript, and attachment to the spliceosome for RNA splicing.
# Blackford Pond

Blackford Pond is a small, artificial pond in the Blackford area of Edinburgh, Scotland. The pond was created during the Victorian Era in a glacial hollow in the Blackford region of Edinburgh. According to Ordnance Survey maps, it was created between 1800 and 1900 in an ice-scoured hollow.

## Wildlife

It has significant populations of birds, including swans and ducks. There is a small bird house on the artificial island in the middle of the pond, which attracts birds all year round. The pond used to be used by the University of Edinburgh to demonstrate the use of mark and recapture to count fish.

## Geography

The pond measures 225 by 60 metres (738 by 197 ft), and has an island originally 8 by 40 metres (26 by 131 ft) in size, but the island had been eroded to a quarter of this size until it was restored in 2010.
The water is eutrophic due to run-off from the neighbouring allotments, as well as remains of bread given to birds and the faeces of the birds. This can lead to algal blooms that deplete the level of oxygen in the pond. There are no visible inflows, but there is a drain at the eastern end which keeps the water level constant.
In 2010, it underwent £13,000 worth of work, in order to repair the overgrazed margins of the pond.

## Accessibility

The pond is popular with families, due to its accessibility and the presence of a play area. The pond is next to Blackford Hill, and is easily accessed from both ends.
The pond was used by the Waverley Curling Club, which formed in 1848 from members of the Merchiston Curling Club. Photographs show curling was played on the pond well into the 20th century. The pond often freezes over sufficiently to support the weight of birds, but does not freeze solidly enough to safely support a human.
# Jan C. Behrends

Jan Claas Behrends (born 5 December 1969) is a German historian, who is known for his research on Stalinism, propaganda, public discourse, violence and wars in the Soviet and post-Soviet space. He is regarded as a leading expert on the history of Soviet and Russian security services. He is a senior researcher at the Centre for Contemporary History, and formerly worked at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

## Career

Behrends studied history, philosophy and literature at the Free University of Berlin, the Humboldt University of Berlin, the University of Wisconsin and Moscow State University. He earned his PhD in history in 2004 at the University of Potsdam with the dissertation Die erfundene Freundschaft: Propaganda für die Sowjetunion in Polen und in der DDR on pro-Soviet propaganda in the Polish People's Republic and East Germany.
He worked at the WZB Berlin Social Science Center from 2005 to 2011, when he joined the Centre for Contemporary History where he headed the project "Violence and State Legitimacy in Late Socialism" until 2015. Since 2019 he heads the research project "Legacies of Communism", that studies authoritarian developments in Central and Eastern European states and post-Soviet societies after the Fall of Communism. He was a Feodor Lynen Fellow at the University of Chicago in 2007, sponsored by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. He teaches Eastern European history at the Free University of Berlin and the Humboldt University of Berlin. He has written extensively on the Russo-Ukrainian War and the political developments in Russia under Vladimir Putin. Die Welt described him as one of the most renowned experts on the Soviet secret police, the Cheka, and its successors until the present day, including today's FSB.
In March 2022 Behrends was appointed professor of history at the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder).
Behrends is a member of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Osteuropakunde and the Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES). He was also involved in the establishment of Historians without Borders where he is a member of the coordinating committee. He has participated in the Körber Foundation History Forum.
# Coon card

Coon cards were anti-Black, racist picture postcards and greeting cards sold in the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries. Coon was short for raccoon, an American mammal; coon was a commonly used derogatory term for African-Americans.
Especially after the turn-of-the-century, "the postcard was wildly successful both as correspondence and collectible" and are thus postcards are valuable sources for cultural historians as both a form of epistolary literature and for the bank of cultural imagery included in the postcard illustrations reflecting historic popular culture norms and tropes. Coon cards were produced by white manufacturers for white customers and depicted an array of African Americans stereotypes common to the popular media of the day. The caricature was part of the popular appeal of the postcards as "image content was clearly driven by free market forces, rather than the intention to present an accurate depiction of people, places, or things." For example, children were typically depicted as pickaninnies eating watermelon or being used as alligator bait. African American adults were depicted as intellectually and morally inferior to whites and were associated with cakewalking, fried chicken, watermelon, cotton, lack of conscientiousness, laziness, ribaldry, sexual promiscuity, domestic violence, gambling, alcoholism, cannibalism, and farts.
Coon cards—which were representative of general racial attitudes of the era and conveyed and perpetuated ideas about "appearance, behavior, and overall identity"—depict Black people as "subhuman, ape-like beasts." African Americans were depicted with "protruding jaws and chins" that aligned their low status in a pseudoscientific racial hierarchy outlined by Pieter Camper, et al. Bug eyes, pigeon toes, elongated limbs, and enlarged extremities contributed to the "simianizing" of Black people in postcard images of the coon card era.
These images benefited whites as well as harming Black people by promoting a sense of in-group solidarity among whites and social superiority to an "othered" out-group. Coon cards were used by whites to send routine "holiday greetings, exchanges of neighborhood gossip, expressions of concern for bed-ridden loved ones, and declarations of familial and romantic love."
Coon cards are now considered collectible ephemera and a useful tool for studying the history of racism in the United States. Coon cards are distinct from, but related to, the equally collectible genre of Black postcards, which are postcards produced by and for the African-American community.

## Additional images

* "How Ink Is Made" postcard, published c. 1900
* "A Treed Coon" postcard, published c. 1900 by Detroit Pub. Co. (NYPL Collection)
* Sent from New York City
* "Happy little Dahkies" (NBY 8333)
* You're invited here for the… Big blow out!, Galveston Beach, Texas
* "Coons in a Cotton Shed" photochrom postcard published by the Detroit Photographic Company, circa 1897-1924
* "You would laugh too, if you had seen, What the Moon saw on Halloween." Fold-out Halloween card, early 1900s, United States. (Black Americana at Howard Bernard Collectibles)
# 2015 Missouri Valley Conference baseball tournament

The 2015 Missouri Valley Conference baseball tournament was held from May 19 through 23, 2015. All eight baseball-sponsoring schools in the conference participated in the double-elimination tournament at Wichita State's Eck Stadium in Wichita, Kansas. Missouri State, the winner of the tournament, won the conference's automatic bid to the 2015 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

## Seeding and format

The league's eight teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The teams played a two bracket, double-elimination format tournament, with the winner of each bracket then playing a single elimination final.

## Results

| First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Missouri State | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 8 | Southern Illinois | 0 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 8 | Southern Illinois | 0 | 1 | Missouri State | 8 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 4 | Wichita State | 1 | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Wichita State | 4 | 4 | Wichita State | 1 | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Illinois State | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Illinois State | 3 | | | | 1 | Missouri State | 6 | – | | | |
| | | | | | | 4 | Wichita State | 4 | – | | | |
| 8 | Southern Illinois | 7 | | | | 4 | Wichita State | 4 | – | | | |
| 5 | Illinois State | 1 | 8 | Southern Illinois | 1 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 4 | Wichita State | 15 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Missouri State | 5 |
| 2 | Dallas Baptist | 0 | | | | | | | | 1 | Missouri State | 5 |
| 2 | Dallas Baptist | 0 | | | | | | | | 3 | Bradley | 2 |
| 7 | Indiana State | 2 | | | | | | | | 3 | Bradley | 2 |
| 7 | Indiana State | 2 | 7 | Indiana State | 4 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 3 | Bradley | 5 | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Bradley | 9 | 3 | Bradley | 5 | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Evansville | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Evansville | 2 | | | | 3 | Bradley | 3 | – | | | |
| | | | | | | 2 | Dallas Baptist | 1 | – | | | |
| 6 | Evansville | 0 | | | | 2 | Dallas Baptist | 1 | – | | | |
| 2 | Dallas Baptist | 3 | 2 | Dallas Baptist | 12 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 7 | Indiana State | 5 | | | | | | | |
# Harvey Gates

Harvey Harris Gates (January 19, 1894 – November 4, 1948) was an American screenwriter of the silent era. He wrote for more than 200 films between 1913 and 1948. He was born in Hawaii and died in Los Angeles, California.

## Selected filmography

* I Was Meant for You (1913)
* Lord John's Journal (1915)
* Three Fingered Jenny (1916)
* Her Defiance (1916)
* The Three Godfathers (1916)
* The Jackals of a Great City (1916)
* The Committee on Credentials (1916)
* For the Love of a Girl (1916)
* The Edge of the Law (1917)
* Hell Morgan's Girl (1917)
* Society's Driftwood (1917)
* Bull's Eye (1917)
* A Rich Man's Darling (1918)
* The Wine Girl (1918)
* Madame Spy (1918)
* A Broadway Scandal (1918)
* The Marriage Lie (1918)
* The Wicked Darling (1919)
* Ravished Armenia (1919)
* The Midnight Man (1919)
* The Exquisite Thief (1919)
* The Face in the Watch (1919)
* West Is Best (1920)
* The Screaming Shadow (1920)
* Masked (1920)
* The Fightin' Terror (1920)
* Blue Streak McCoy (1920)
* The Fighting Lover (1921)
* Action (1921)
* A Daughter of the Law (1921)
* Belle of Alaska (1922)
* Red Courage (1921)
* The Fire Eater (1921)
* The Sting of the Lash (1921)
* Headin' West (1922)
* Environment (1922)
* The Golden Gallows (1922)
* Man Under Cover (1922)
* The Drug Traffic (1923)
* Sawdust (1923)
* Merry-Go-Round (1923)
* The Six-Fifty (1923)
* The Clean Up (1923)
* The Fighting American (1924)
* The Slanderers (1924)
* Behind the Curtain (1924)
* One Glorious Night (1924)
* The Breathless Moment (1924)
* The Flaming Forties (1924)
* Soft Shoes (1925)
* Beyond the Border (1925)
* Silent Sanderson (1925)
* The Crimson Runner (1925)
* The Bad Lands (1925)
* The Barrier (1926)
* Driftin' Thru (1926)
* Life of an Actress (1927)
* The Brute (1927)
* The Black Diamond Express (1927)
* The Bush Leaguer (1927)
* Brass Knuckles (1927)
* Rinty of the Desert (1928)
* Across the Atlantic (1928)
* Say It with Songs (1929)
* The Desert Song (1929)
* The Forward Pass (1929)
* Thus is Life (1930)
* What a Man! (1930)
* Sky Raiders (1931)
* Madame Racketeer (1932)
* The County Fair (1932)
* O'Shaughnessy's Boy (1935)
* Werewolf of London (1935)
* Luck of Roaring Camp (1937)
* Navy Secrets (1939)
* Fugitive at Large (1939)
* Let's Get Tough! (1942)
* Black Dragons (1942)
* 'Neath Brooklyn Bridge (1942)
* Northwest Trail (1945)
# Gallinuloides

Gallinuloides is a prehistoric genus of pangalliform bird. It lived about 48 million years ago in North America. The type specimen was found in a Green River Formation deposit in Wyoming.
The former Gallinuloides prentici was eventually placed (after a brief stint in Grus) in a distinct genus Paragrus; it is no pangalliform but belongs to the Geranoididae (Lambrecht 1933:520).