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# Kurumbul, Queensland

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Kurumbul is a rural town and locality in the Goondiwindi Region, Queensland, Australia. It is on the border of Queensland and New South Wales. In the 2021 census, the locality of Kurumbul had a population of 36 people.

## Geography

The Dumaresq River forms most of the southern boundary and is the border between Queensland and New South Wales.
The Cunningham Highway runs along the northern boundary.
The South Western railway line enters the locality from the south-east (Yelarbon), passes immediately south of the town (located in the south-east of the locality), and exits to the west (Goondiwindi). The locality is served by three railway stations, from west to east:
* Carrington railway station (28°35′36″S 150°25′06″E﻿ / ﻿28.5933°S 150.4183°E﻿ / -28.5933; 150.4183﻿ (Carrington railway station))
* Kildonan railway station, now abandoned (28°36′31″S 150°27′10″E﻿ / ﻿28.6085°S 150.4527°E﻿ / -28.6085; 150.4527﻿ (Kildonan railway station))
* Kurumbul railway station, serving the town (28°36′56″S 150°33′23″E﻿ / ﻿28.6155°S 150.5563°E﻿ / -28.6155; 150.5563﻿ (Kurumbul railway station))

## History

The town takes its name from its railway station, which was originally named Burranba (an Aboriginal word meaning brigalow) on 3 September 1908, but was changed to Kurumbul (believed to be an Aboriginal word meaning magpie) on 30 August 1912.
Burranba State School opened in March 1912. Circa 1924, it had become Kurumbul State School. It closed in 1976. It was at 1954 Yelarbon Kurumbul Road (28°36′51″S 150°33′26″E﻿ / ﻿28.6143°S 150.5573°E﻿ / -28.6143; 150.5573﻿ (Kurumbul State School (former))). In 1977–1978, the Kurumbul school building was relocated to Daymar State School in Daymar.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Kurumbul had a population of 46 people.
In the 2021 census, the locality of Kurumbul had a population of 36 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Kurumbul. The nearest government primary schools are Yelarbon State School in neighbouring Yelarbon to the east and Goondiwindi State School in neighbouring Goondiwindi to the west. The nearest government secondary school is Goondiwindi State High School in Goondiwindi to the west.
# Leasowe railway station

Leasowe railway station is a station serving the village of Leasowe, in Merseyside, England. It lies on the West Kirby branch of the Wirral Line, part of the Merseyrail network.

## Location

The station is in Reeds Lane, on the edge of Moreton and around 500 metres south of the village of Leasowe which is on the north Wirral coast. It is just 1 km east of Moreton station on the same line, and has a Park and ride facility for commuters to Liverpool.

## History

Leasowe station was originally opened on the Hoylake Railway in 1870, as Leasowe Crossing without a proper platform, but it closed less than two years later. The station opened again on 5 May 1894, when the line from Bidston (1.5 km to the east) to Moreton was doubled. It was built by the Wirral Railway on their line from Birkenhead Park to West Kirby.
Through electric services to Liverpool Central commenced on 13 March 1938, when the LMS electrified the lines from Birkenhead Park to West Kirby. The service was provided by the then-new LMS electric multiple units. However, on Sunday mornings, the service was provided by the older Mersey Railway electric units, which had until then only run from Liverpool to Birkenhead Park. The platform buildings were replaced in 1938, rebuilt in a similar style to those along the line towards West Kirby, and a footbridge was added. The signal box, used to operate the level crossing and replacing a cabin on the westbound platform, was moved to the opposite side of Reeds Lane and was also improved at the time.
The station did not have a goods yard; it just had two lines straight through. Nonetheless, freight did pass through the station from the nearby Cadbury factory, also in Moreton. The 8-lever signal box was in use until 24 July 1994, and demolished afterwards.

## Facilities

The station is staffed, during all opening hours, and has platform CCTV. Each of the two platforms has a waiting room. There is a payphone, booking office and live departure and arrival screens, for passenger information. The station has a free "Park and Ride" car park, with 204 spaces, lighting columns and CCTV to meet Merseytravel's Travelsafe requirements, as well as a cycle rack. There is step-free access, to the booking office and platforms, for wheelchairs and prams.

## Services

Current services are every 15 minutes (Monday to Saturday daytime) to West Kirby and Liverpool. At other times, trains operate every 30 minutes. These services are provided by Merseyrail's fleet of Class 777 EMUs.
The station also has a number of connecting Merseytravel bus services.

## Gallery

* A Merseyrail Class 507 unit waits with a service to Liverpool.
* A view, towards Bidston, of the platforms, footbridge and level crossing.
* The view towards Moreton.
* Westward view from under the footbridge, next to the level crossing.
# Hotel Charbonneau

The Hotel Charbonneau is located at 88 Wisconsin Street (formally 207 Wisconsin Street) in Priest River, Idaho and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally constructed in 1912 by Charles and Dora Charbonneau (architects PJ Young and Charles Charbonneau). During the first half of the 20th century, Priest River and the Hotel Charbonneau, which is located one block away from where the train station used to be, was a popular stopping-off point for people traveling to nearby Spokane, Coeur d'Alene, Sandpoint, and Priest Lake. In 1920, Dora Charbonneau added a brick addition onto the south side of the hotel to accommodate more guests. After the brick addition was built, the Hotel Charbonneau boasted 27 guest rooms with more than half of them having their own private bathrooms; an extravagant luxury at that time.

## History

It was purchased by Bob and Lorraine Shaffer in the mid-1940s and then renamed to be the Lorraine Hotel.
The Charbonneau operated as a hotel/boarding house until the late 1980s when it was abandoned and risked being condemned. In 1991 the Priest River Restoration and Revitalization Committee (PRRRC), a local non-profit group composed entirely of volunteers, took control of the Hotel Charbonneau and saved it from complete deterioration. Among the PRRRC's accomplishments was having the Hotel Charbonneau added to the National Register of Historic Places (11/19/91), which was hoped to protect the historic structure for future generations. The hotel was purchased by the PRRRC for $50,000; the group hoped to rehab it to serve as a combination bed-and-breakfast and apartments for senior citizens.
In 2010 the Hotel Charbonneau was privately owned and undergoing restoration.
According to its website, in 2017 the hotel is under renovation and is not open.
The three-story building has an irregular U-shaped plan. The original L-shaped building of 1912 was expanded by three-story addition on the south side making the U shape.
# Laurent Dauthuille

Laurent Dauthuille (20 February 1924 – 10 July 1971) was a French boxer.
Arriving in Montreal in the late 1940s, he was nicknamed the Tarzan of Buzenval. During his career Dauthuille beat notable fighters such as Jake LaMotta, Steve Belloise, Tony Janiro, Eugene Hairston, Norman Hayes, Johnny Greco, Paddy Young, Bobby Dawson, Tuzo Portuguez, Luc van Dam and Robert Charron. Dauthuille's biggest fight came on September 13, 1950 he fought Jake LaMotta, a boxer he once bested by unanimous decision, for the world middleweight championship. He was ahead on all cards going into the 15th and final round of the match, when he was felled by a late flurry of punches from LaMotta. He ultimately lost by knockout when he was counted out with 13 seconds left in the fight. The fight was named Ring Magazine's fight of the year for 1950. He fought 15 more times but never again for a world title.
# Christian Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barwar

Barwar Christian Neo-Aramaic is a dialect of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic spoken by ethnic Assyrians in the Barwari region of Iraq and Turkey.

## Phonology

Consonants :
| | | Labial | Dental / alveolar | Palatoalveolar | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Laryngeal |
| Stops / affricates | Unvoiced aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | qʰ | | ʔ |
| Stops / affricates | Unaspirated | p | t | tʃ | k | | | |
| Stops / affricates | Voiced | b | d | dʒ | g | | | |
| Stops / affricates | Emphatic | pˤ | tˤ | tʃˤ | | | | |
| Fricatives | Unvoiced | f | s, θ | ʃ | x | | ħ | h |
| Fricatives | Voiced | w | z, ð | ʒ | ɣ | | | |
| Fricatives | Emphatic | | sˤ, zˤ | | | | | |
| Nasal | | m, mˤ | n | | | | | |
| Lateral | | | l, lˤ | | | | | |
| Rhotic | | | ɾ, r | | | | | |
| Approximant | | w | | j | | | | |
# Erwin Ramdani

Erwin Ramdani (born 3 November 1993, in Bandung) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga 2 club Nusantara United. He is also an active Indonesian Army soldier.

## Club career

Ramdani was born in Bandung Regency, in Bojongsoang sub-district. He first joined local football academy in Bandung, SSB UNI, and later Persib Bandung U-21. In 2014, Ramdani was signed by PSGC Ciamis for Liga Indonesia Premier Division that year.
Ramdani later joined PS TNI in 2016 for two seasons, and PSMS Medan for 2018 season.

### PSMS Medan

He signed a contract with another Indonesian club PSMS Medan to play in 2018 Liga 1. Ramdani made his league debut on 31 March 2018 in a match against Bhayangkara. On 16 September 2018, Ramdani scored his first goal for the club, scoring in a 1–1 draw over Badak Lampung in the Liga 1.

### Persib Bandung

He would return to his hometown club Persib Bandung in 2019 where he used to play for their U21 squad, he made his league debut for Persib Bandung on 18 May 2019 in a win 3–0 against Persipura Jayapura, he coming as a substitute for Febri Hariyadi in the 76th minute. He scored his first goal for Persib in a match against PSS Sleman during injury time on 30 August 2019. On 4 November 2021, he scored his first league goals of the season in a 1–3 win over Persela Lamongan.

### RANS Nusantara

Erwin was signed for RANS Nusantara to play in Liga 1 in the 2023–24 season. He made his debut on 3 July 2023 in a match against Persikabo 1973 at the Maguwoharjo Stadium, Sleman.

## Career Statistics

15 February 2025
| Season | Club | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Others | Others | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 2014 | PSGC Ciamis | Premier Division | 16 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16 | 6 |
| 2016 | PS TNI | ISC A | 28 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 28 | 7 |
| 2017 | PS TNI | Liga 1 | 27 | 5 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0 | 29 | 5 |
| 2018 | PSMS Medan | Liga 1 | 21 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 4 | 0 | 27 | 2 |
| 2019 | Persib Bandung | Liga 1 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 2 | 24 | 4 |
| 2020 | Persib Bandung | Liga 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | Persib Bandung | Liga 1 | 22 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 0 | 27 | 3 |
| 2022 | Persib Bandung | Liga 1 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 0 | 18 | 1 |
| 2023 | RANS Nusantara | Liga 1 | 16 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| 2025 | Nusantara United | Liga 2 | 6 | 2 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 167 | 26 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 2 | 184 | 30 |
* ↑ Includes Piala Indonesia
* ↑ Appearances in Indonesia President's Cup
* ↑ Appearances in Menpora Cup
# 1984 Sohmor massacre

The 1984 Sohmor massacre, also known as the first Sohmor massacre, took place on 20 September 1984 when the South Lebanon Army, backed by the Israel Defence Forces, opened fire at a group of men, killing 13 civilians in the Lebanese village of Sohmor.

## Background

Sohmor is a Shia Muslim village in Western Beqaa. The South Lebanon Army, led by Antoine Lahad consisted mainly of Christian and Druze militiamen trained and armed by Israel.

## Attack

While the IDF encircled the village, the SLA gathered 300 men, aged 16 to 39 years, in the main square to investigate a recent ambush that killed 3 Druze militiamen. The shooting went on for 15 to 30 minutes, killed 13 and wounded 40.

## Aftermath

Lebanese Information Minister Joseph Skaf called the attack part of a "series of massacres perpetrated by Israel or encouraged by it and carried out under its direct coverage and with its full support". IDF officials blamed the massacre on the SLA. Reporters were denied entrance to the village.
# Alexandre Fischer

Alexandre Fischer (born 19 January 1998) is a French rugby union player. His position is back row and he currently plays for Clermont in the Top 14.
# Arab Unification Party

The Arab Unification Party is an Islamist political party that was founded by former leaders of the Egyptian Islamic Labour Party, independents and Islamists. The party withdrew from the Anti-Coup Alliance.
# Simon Hawk

Simon Laurence John McLeod Hawk (born 22 September 1979) is an English cricketer. Hawk is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born in Paddington, London.
While studying for his degree at Durham University, Hawk made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Durham in 2003. He made a further first-class appearance in 2003, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he scored 81 runs at an average of 20.25, with a high score of 59. This score came against Lancashire.
His great-uncle, Alan McCoy, played first-class cricket in New Zealand for Auckland in the early nineteen thirties.
# Colonia (Mexico)

In Mexican urban geography, colonias (Spanish pronunciation:) are neighborhoods.
The name of the colonia must be specified when writing a postal address in Mexican cities. Usually colonias are assigned a specific postal code; nonetheless, in recent urban developments, gated communities are also defined as colonias and share the postal code of adjacent neighborhoods.
Colonias do not have jurisdictional autonomy or representation.
# 2024 Beersheba bus station shooting

On 6 October 2024, a gunman carried out a shooting and stabbing attack in Beersheba's central station. Thirteen Israelis were wounded and one was killed. The gunman was killed by Israeli security forces.

## Background

Tensions between Israel and the occupied West Bank have steadily increased since the 7 October 2023 attacks, which killed about 1,200 people including 815 civilians. As of 23 September 2024, over 41,000 Palestinian civilians and approximately 1,000 Israeli civilians have been killed in the Israel-Hamas War.
Five days before this attack, there had been another attack on 1 October in Jaffa, Tel Aviv where two Hamas gunmen opened fire and killed seven and wounded seventeen before being killed by responding IDF troops and an armed civilian.

## Attack

One person was killed and thirteen others were injured in the attack, which took place inside McDonald's at Beersheba's central bus station. Magen David Adom (MDA) reported that its paramedics treated nine individuals on-site for various injuries. Border Police Sgt. Shira Suslik, 19, from Beersheba, died from injuries caused by the attack. MDA indicated that two individuals in serious condition, four in moderate condition, and two with minor injuries were being transferred to Soroka Medical Center in Beersheba.

## Perpetrator

The assailant was identified as Ahmad Said Suliman al-Uqbi, a 29-year-old Bedouin resident of the unrecognised village of Uqbi near Hura, who had a criminal record and was related to the perpetrator of the 2015 Beersheba bus station shooting, Muhanad al-Uqbi.
# Hotel Charlotte (Groveland, California)

The Hotel Charlotte, also known as Hotel Charlotte & Cafe or Hotel Charlotte & Restaurant, is a hotel opened in 1921 in Groveland, California. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.
Charlotte DeFerrari, the hotel's namesake and builder, was born in Genoa, Italy in 1881. Her family migrated to the California gold fields when DeFerrari was sixteen. During this era, the Groveland area went from boom to bust and back again. The gold rush and then the San Francisco Hetch-Hetchy water project brought prosperity and notoriety to the Groveland and Big Oak Flat settlements.
Shortly after arriving in Groveland, DeFerrari's father was killed in a mining accident at Hardin Flat, and young DeFerrari took it upon herself to support and hold the family together. She began cooking for work crews, ranch hands and several local settlers. She then opened a restaurant in the building that is now the Iron Door Saloon, claimed by its proprietors to be the oldest continuously operating saloon in California.
In 1918, DeFerrari built the hotel on the site of an old livery stable, and in 1921 she purchased the Gem Saloon next door, annexing it to the Hotel Charlotte as a restaurant.
# Roxane Petetin

Roxane Petetin (born 10 march 1981) is a French former ice dancer. She began competing internationally with Matthieu Jost in the mid-1990s. They competed for three seasons on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series and placed 11th at the 2000 World Junior Championships. Petetin/Jost moved up to the senior level in the 2000–01 season. They last competed together at the 2004 European Championships, where they finished 12th. Petetin retired due to injury.

## Programs

(with Jost)
| Season | Original dance | Free dance |
| 2004–2005 | Non, Non by Dany Brillant Je Ne Veux Pas Travailler by Pink Martini Non, Non by Dany Brillant | Selection by René Aubry Goodbye Lenin! by Yann Tiersen Casse Roulement Hugues Le Bars |
| 2003–2004 | Blues Boogie Woogie | Xotica (Holiday on Ice Europe) by René Dupéré |
| 2002–2003 | March Waltz | Concerto for Violin by Philip Glass |
| 2001–2002 | Tango by Tauber Flamenco by Tauber | Four Seasons (modern version) by Antonio Vivaldi Air by Johann Sebastian Bach |

## Competitive highlights

GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

### with Jost

International :
| Event | 96–97 | 97–98 | 98–99 | 99–00 | 00–01 | 01–02 | 02–03 | 03–04 |
| Worlds | | | | | | | 23rd | |
| Europeans | | | | | | 19th | 17th | 12th |
| GP Bofrost Cup | | | | | | | 8th | |
| GP Cup of Russia | | | | | | | | 8th |
| GP Lalique | | | | | | | 6th | 6th |
| Finlandia Trophy | | | | | 6th | | | |
| Schäfer Memorial | | | | | | 7th | | |
| International: Junior |||||||||
| Junior Worlds | | | 16th | 11th | | | | |
| JGP Czech Rep. | | | | 7th | | | | |
| JGP France | | 10th | | | | | | |
| JGP Germany | | | 5th | | | | | |
| JGP Japan | | | | 4th | | | | |
| JGP Mexico | | | 6th | | | | | |
| JGP Slovakia | | 4th | | | | | | |
| PFSA Trophy | 7th J | | | | | | | |
| National |||||||||
| French Champ. | | | 2nd J | 2nd J | 7th | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd |
| J = Junior level |||||||||
# William Nicol (surgeon)

William Nicol DL (15 September 1790 – 8 August 1879) was a Scottish surgeon, founder of the firm Wm. Nicol & Co, and Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Dover.
He was born 15 September 1790 at Fawsyde, in the parish of Kinneff, in the Mearns. He was educated in Aberdeen.
In 1810, Nicol went to Bombay on board the ship Carmarthen as surgeon. Nicol settled in Bombay in 1820 and founded the firm of Wm. Nicol & Co. in Bombay, in 1820. He left Bombay in 1828. Nicol retired from Wm. Nicol & Co. in 1839, and went to England.
Nicol was member of parliament for Dover from 1859 to 1865.
Nicol was later a J.P. and deputy lieutenant for Kincardineshire.
Nicol died in London on 8 August 1879, and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.
He married his cousin Margaret Dyce Nicol (1799–1860) in Bombay on 4 January 1822. They had no issue.
# Eamon Kelly (criminal)

Eamon Kelly (1947 – 4 December 2012) was a high-profile Irish convicted drug trafficker and former crime leader.

## Early life

Raised in Dublin, his criminal career began in his teens. He then became involved with the ICA and after the organisation split, he was associated with the Official Irish Republican Army.
He mentored crime lord Eamon Dunne who was murdered in 2010. He also mentored Gerry Hutch and Martin "Marlo" Hyland.
In 1988, Kelly was charged and sentenced (after an appeal) for three years in prison for assault near Gardiner Place in Dublin. In 1993, he was convicted of smuggling nearly 1 kilogram of cocaine worth €50,000 from his Miami, Florida and Cuban contacts. He was sentenced to fourteen years. He was known for his interactions with Ireland's most dangerous criminals.
Security intelligence believes that he and other senior criminals ordered the death of Eamonn Dunne in 2010.
In 2010 he and Troy Jordan were arrested by Gardaí investigating a debt collection business. After this, he was widowed and one of his sons, who was addicted to illegal drugs, died.

## Dispute with RIRA

The Real Irish Republican Army disliked his friendship with Dessie O'Hare, who often stayed with Kelly. Their dislike was so great they refused to let Declan "Wacker" Duffy, another INLA member, to join them. Kelly was also suspected of being responsible for the murder of RIRA member Alan Ryan.

## Attempts on his life

He once managed to escape a failed assassination attempt on his life on 11 September 2010 in Furry Park Road in Killester when the attacker's gun jammed. On 4 December 2012, at the same location in Killester, while Kelly was walking to his home he was shot three times in the chest and was rushed to Beaumont Hospital where he later died.
The New IRA are suspected of his murder.
# Powdery mildew (barley)

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease of barley caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. The disease has a worldwide distribution and is most damaging in cool, wet climates. The host range of the form species hordei is restricted to barley and other Hordeum species.

## Symptoms

At first, powdery mildew can be observed as small greyish patches of fluffy fungal growth (mycelium) on the upper surface of the lower leaves. These spots resemble small cushions of white powder. Leaf tissue on the opposite side of an infected leaf turns pale green to yellow. The fungus only infects the epidermal layer and can be easily scraped off with a fingernail. Infections can also occur on the leaf sheaths and ears. Leaves remain green and active for some time following infection, then gradually become chlorotic and die off. As the disease progresses, the mycelium often becomes dotted with minute black points (cleistothecia), which are the sexual fruiting bodies of the fungus.
The fungus does not kill the host plant as it requires the hosts' water and nutrients to grow. It settles on foliage and gradually slows the host growth process. Fruits, vegetables and flowers do not reach maturity if they become infected by powdery mildew. Flowers bloom is delayed or aborted. Vegetable and fruit crop yield is significantly lowered or the produce is of reduced quality.

## Disease cycle

The fungus overwinters as cleistothecia on straw, and in milder climates, also as mycelium and conidia on stubble and straw or volunteer barley and certain grasses. Windborne ascospores or conidia are the primary inoculum (also known as the propagule) and can be dispersed over considerable distances. Infection by conidia requires high humidity, but not free water on the leaf surface. Sporulation and spore dispersal are favored by drier conditions. Thus the disease does well under alternating wet and dry conditions. Production of conidia declines markedly as the colony ages. Cleistothecia develop on older leaves as the plant matures. Low temperatures, together with the wetting of the cleistothecia for at least 72 hours, induce the maturation of the ascospores. Ascospores are released following rains, but are relatively sparse in comparison to the condia.