# ABC Board

The ABC Board is the body responsible for the operations of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Kim Williams AM is chair; David Anderson the managing director appointed by the board; Laura Tingle is a staff-elected member. The chair and other directors are chosen by the Australian Government.

## Composition, structure and responsibilities

The ABC Board is a board of directors that is responsible for the operations of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. It is made up of five to seven directors chosen by the Australian government, and a managing director who is appointed by the board itself. At various times, ABC staff have been granted rights to elect a nominee for appointment to the board; and as of April 2013 staff elected a nominee-director. The duties of the board, as set out in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983, commonly called the ABC Act, (section 8) include duties "to ensure that the functions of the Corporation are performed efficiently and with the maximum benefit to the people of Australia; to maintain the independence and integrity of the Corporation; and to ensure that the gathering and presentation by the Corporation of news and information is accurate and impartial according to the recognized standards of objective journalism".
The Governor-General, on the recommendation of the Federal Government, appoints members, as specified in the ABC Act. The ABC Act specifies that Directors must be experienced in broadcasting, communications or management, or have expertise in financial or technical matters, or have cultural or other interests relevant to the provision of broadcasting services. Each director serves a term of five years, with eligibility for reappointment at the end of this term.
Directors are expected to follow the ABC Board Protocol, which stipulates responsibilities, expectations, rights, and benefits.
The board maintains an Advisory Council, which advises it on matters concerning the Corporation's programming. The Council is made up of twelve members, broadly representative of the Australian community, which serve staggered four-year terms. Vacancies are advertised in September–October each year. The Advisory Council's current Chairman is Dr Jane Munro, Head of International House at the University of Melbourne.

## Process of appointment

The Minister for Communications nominates candidates to the Governor-General for appointment to the ABC Board; based on a shortlist prepared by an independent nomination panel. As of April 2018, members of the panel were former Treasury Secretary and Westpac Chairman, Ted Evans AC (Chairman); company director and lawyer, Dr Sally Pitkin; public relations media director and former broadcaster, Anne Fulwood; and former Australian Public Service Commissioner and departmental secretary, Helen Williams.
Appointments to the board made by successive governments have often resulted in criticism of the appointees' political affiliation, background, and relative merit. From 2003 the Howard government also made several controversial appointments to the ABC Board, including Albrechtsen, a prominent critic, Ron Brunton, and Keith Windschuttle.
During their 2007 federal election campaign, Labor announced plans to introduce a new system, similar to that of the BBC, for appointing members to the board. Under this new system, now in place, ABC candidates are considered by a panel established "at arm's length" from the Communications Minister. If the Minister chose someone not on the panel's shortlist, the Minister would be required to justify their selection to Australian Parliament. The Chairman of the ABC is nominated by the Prime Minister and endorsed by the Leader of the Opposition.

## Current board members

| Name | Functional role | Term start | Notes / reference |
| Kim Williams | Chair | 7 March 2024 | Term ends 6 March 2029 |
| David Anderson | Managing director | 6 May 2019 | Term ends 6 March 2024 |
| Laura Tingle | Staff-elected director | 1 May 2023 | Term ends 30 April 2028 |
| Peter Lewis | | 2 October 2014 | 1st term ended 1 October 2019; 2nd term ends 1 October 2024 |
| Georgie Somerset | | 23 February 2017 | Term ends 22 Feb 2027 |
| Mario D’Orazio | | 13 May 2021 | Term ends 12 May 2026 |
| Peter Tonagh | | 13 May 2021 | Term ends 12 May 2026 |
| Louise McElvogue | | 16 October 2023 | Term ends 15 October 2028 |

## Notable people
### Chairs

| No. | Name | Start of term | End of term | Notes |
| 1 | Sir Charles Lloyd Jones | 1932 | 1934 | |
| 2 | William James Cleary | 1934 | 1945 | |
| 3 | Sir Richard Boyer KBE | 1 April 1945 | 5 June 1961 | Instigated the Boyer Lectures in 1959. Died in office. |
| 4 | Sir James Darling CMG OBE | 1 July 1961 | May 1967 | |
| 5 | Sir Robert Madgwick OBE | 1 July 1967 | 30 June 1973 | |
| 6 | Professor Richard Downing | 1 July 1973 | 10 November 1975 | Died in office |
| 7 | Sir Henry Bland | July 1976 | December 1976 | |
| 8 | John D Norgard | 1976 | 1981 | |
| 9 | Dame Leonie Kramer AC DBE | 1982 | 30 June 1983 | |
| 10 | Ken Myer AC DSC | 1 July 1983 | 1986 | |
| 11 | David Hill | 1986 | 1987 | Resigned as Chair to take up appointment as Managing Director |
| 12 | Bob Somervaille | 1987 | 1991 | |
| 13 | Mark Armstrong | 1991 | 23 July 1996 | |
| 14 | Donald McDonald AC | 24 July 1996 | 31 December 2006 | |
| 15 | Maurice Newman AC | 1 January 2007 | 31 December 2011 | |
| 16 | Steven Skala AO | 1 January 2012 | 31 March 2012 | Acting Chair |
| 17 | James Spigelman AC QC | 1 April 2012 | 31 March 2017 | |
| 18 | Justin Milne FAICD | 1 April 2017 | 27 September 2018 | Resigned |
| 19 | Kirstin Ferguson | 28 September 2018 | 27 February 2019 | Acting Chair |
| 20 | Ita Buttrose AC OBE | 28 February 2019 | 6 March 2024 | |
| 21 | Kim Williams AM | 7 March 2024 | 6 March 2029 | |

### Notable directors

| Name | Start of term | End of term | Notes |
| Janet Albrechtsen | 24 February 2005 | 18 February 2010 | |
| John Bannon AO | 24 July 1994 | July 1999 | |
| Cheryl Bart AO | 3 June 2010 | | |
| Neville Bonner | 1 July 1983 | | |
| Ron Brunton | 1 May 2003 | 30 April 2008 | |
| Quentin Dempster | | | Elected by staff |
| Kirstin Ferguson | 12 November 2015 | November 2020 | |
| John Gallagher QC | 9 December 1999 | 23 February 2008 | |
| Di Gribble AM | | | |
| Vanessa Guthrie | 23 February 2017 | March 2021 | |
| Earle Hackett | 1973 | | |
| Ramona Koval | 2002 | 2006 | Elected by staff |
| Michael Kroger | 1998 | February 2003 | |
| Michael Lynch | March 2009 | | |
| Ian Macphee AO | 9 December 1994 | | |
| Matt Peacock | 2013 | | Elected by staff |
| Professor Julianne Schultz AM | | 1 October 2014 | |
| Steven Skala AO | 6 October 2005 | | |
| Dr Fiona Stanley AC FAA | 30 June 2011 | 2016 | |
| Keith Windschuttle | June 2006 | | |

### Managers

| No. | Title | Name | Start of term | End of term | Notes |
| 1 | General Manager | Harold Parkyn Williams | 1 August 1932$^{:25}$ | 4 March 1933 | Died in office |
| 2 | General Manager | Major Walter Tasman Conder | 1 April 1933 | 25 June 1935$^{:42–43}$ | |
| 3 | General Manager | Sir Charles Moses | 1 November 1935 | 21 January 1965$^{:254}$ | |
| 4 | General Manager | Sir Talbot Duckmanton | 26 February 1965 | 1 July 1982 | |
| 5 | General Manager | Keith Jennings | 13 August 1982 | 5 May 1983 | |
| 6 | Managing director | Geoffrey Whitehead | 23 January 1984 | 31 December 1986 | |
| 7 | Managing director | David Hill | 1 January 1987 | 25 February 1995 | |
| 8 | Managing director | Brian Johns | 17 March 1995 | 17 March 2000 | |
| 9 | Managing director | Jonathan Shier | 17 March 2000 | 31 December 2001 | |
| 10 | Managing director | Russell Balding | 29 May 2002 | 25 March 2006 | |
| 11 | Managing director | Mark Scott | 5 July 2006 | 29 April 2016 | |
| 12 | Managing director | Michelle Guthrie | 1 May 2016 | 24 September 2018 | |
| 13 | Managing director | David Anderson | 3 May 2019 | present | |

## Criticism

Past appointments have been associated directly with political parties—five of fourteen appointed chairmen have been accused of political affiliation or friendship, including Richard Downing and Ken Myer (both of whom publicly endorsed the Australian Labor Party at the 1972 election), as well as Sir Henry Bland. David Hill was close to Neville Wran, while Donald McDonald was considered to be a close friend of John Howard.
In the past, appointments of commissioners and directors also drew criticism. In the 1932, a majority of the commissioners were publicly conservative. This continued to 1942, when the Curtin and Chifley administrations appointed a more 'politically balanced' commission.
Once elected to power, Labor prime minister Whitlam replaced the entire board—appointed by Liberal governments over the previous 23 years—with supporters of the Labor Party. His successor, Malcolm Fraser, attempted unsuccessfully to take similar action by replacing the board with politically conservative commissioners in 1976, but was only able to make new appointments by adding two extra director positions onto the board.
In 1983, Minister John Button referred proposed board appointments to an all-party committee for the first time. This practice was discontinued before the end of Paul Keating's government. Alan Ramsey, in a 1996 article for The Sydney Morning Herald noted that:
   "12 came from overt political backgrounds, among them a former Labor premier, a former Liberal senator, a former Liberal Cabinet minister, four trade union activists, four advisers to various State Labor administrations, and Labor's former opinion pollster, Rod Cameron." In short, "less than half Labor's ABC appointments over the years have had obvious party political connections, while two of them came from among the ranks of its political opponents."
A 2006 restructure of the ABC board, undertaken by the Howard government, abolished the position of staff elected director. The elected director was previously nominated and elected by employees of the ABC. Nominees for this director office were to have been employed at least 24 hours a week by the ABC and the term of office was two years with eligibility for re-election to a second term. An elected director was not eligible for a third term of office. Broadcaster Ramona Koval had occupied the position for the previous four years prior to its abolition amid ongoing intense controversy. This drew criticism from the Labor Party, Australian Greens, and the Democrats, who saw it as a 'revenge measure' taken against the Corporation.
In July 2007, Labor announced plans to make the system of appointments to the board independent of the Minister for Communications; and also reinstate the staff election of a nominee director. Initial members of the independent panel were Gonski, Smith, Allan Fels and Leneen Forde.
In September 2018, there was criticism raised by Labor's Shadow Communications Minister Michelle Rowland about ABC's "independence and integrity of Australia's most trusted news organisation risk having been compromised" following discussions within the ABC board about an email instruction from Justin Milne to Michelle Guthrie in May 2018 to sack senior presenter Emma Alberici, on the basis that what was reported by Alberici did not agree with the government.
On 24 September 2018, Justin Milne announced to ABC staff that Managing Director Michelle Guthrie was sacked following discussions with the ABC executive and directors. Milne then announced his resignation on 27 September. Communications Minister Mitch Fifield has directly appointed a majority of the current members of the board, some of whom were rejected by the nomination panel.