OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coffee cup (unit)

The coffee cup is a culinary measurement unit in the United Kingdom. It is named after a small cup for serving after‑dinner coffee. 1 coffee cup is 2⁠1/2⁠ British imperial fluid ounces.
Five British culinary measurement units are related to the coffee cup: the tumbler (10 British imperial fluid ounces), the breakfast cup (8 British imperial fluid ounces), the cup (6 British imperial fluid ounces), the teacup (5 British imperial fluid ounces), and the wine glass (2 British imperial fluid ounces).
| = | 2⁠1/2⁠ | British imperial fluid ounces |
| = | ⁠1/4⁠ | tumbler |
| = | ⁠5/16⁠ | breakfast cup |
| = | ⁠5/12⁠ | cup |
| = | ⁠1/2⁠ | teacup |
| = | 1⁠1/4⁠ | wine glasses |
| = | ⁠1/8⁠ | British imperial pint |
| ≈ | 2⁠2/5⁠ | US customary fluid ounces |
| ≈ | 0·3 | US customary cup |
| ≈ | 71·03 | millilitres |
| ≈ | 0·28 | metric cup |
All six units are the traditional British equivalents of the US customary cup and the metric cup, used in situations where a US cook would use the US customary cup and a cook using metric units the metric cup. The breakfast cup is the most similar in size to the US customary and metric cups. Which of these six units is used depends on the quantity or volume of the ingredient: there is division of labour between these six units, like the tablespoon and the teaspoon. British cookery books and recipes, especially those from the days before the UK's partial metrication, commonly use two or more of the units above simultaneously: for example, the same recipe may call for a 'tumblerful' of one ingredient and a 'wineglassful' of another one; or a 'breakfastcupful' or 'cupful' of one ingredient, a 'teacupful' of a second one, and a 'coffeecupful' of a third one. Unlike the US customary cup and the metric cup, a tumbler, a breakfast cup, a cup, a teacup, a coffee cup, and a wine glass are not measuring cups: they are simply everyday drinking vessels commonly found in British households and typically having the respective aforementioned capacities; due to long-term and widespread use, they have been transformed into measurement units for cooking. There is no British imperial unit⁠–⁠based culinary measuring cup.
# Factor T

Factor T is a book first published in 1956 by the Polish writer, philosopher, filmmaker, composer, and poet Stefan Themerson. It was originally written as a letter to Bertrand Russell.
Factor T is based upon Themerson's theory that the eternal tragedy (factor T) of humanity is found in the conflict between the urge to satisfy certain desires and the aversion against the actions required for such satisfaction.
# Anthyllis hermanniae

Anthyllis hermanniae, called the lavender-leaved anthyllis, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Anatolia, Greece, the Balkans, and many Mediterranean islands, including Corsica. Coleophora hermanniella, a species of moth found only on Corsica, feeds exclusively on A. hermanniae. A low perennial shrub, it is cultivated as a garden plant, and was formerly cultivated as far north as the United Kingdom, until the great frost of 1739 wiped them out there.
A. hermanniae is typically 1.5–2 feet tall, with crooked or zig-zag branches. The leaves are simple or trifoliate, with soft silky hairs (more on the underside than the top). This plant grows in a variety of habitats, but requires good drainage, often growing in rocky locations. It produces yellow flowers in late spring-early summer.

## Subspecies

Currently accepted subspecies are:
* Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. brutia Brullo & Giusso – southern Italy
* Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. corsica Brullo & Giusso – Corsica, Tuscan Archipelago (Gorgona Island)
* Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. hermanniae – Albania, East Aegean Islands, Greece, Crete, western Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, and former Yugoslavia
* Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. ichnusae Brullo & Giusso – east-central Sardinia
* Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. japygica Brullo & Giusso – southern Italy
* Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. melitensis Brullo & Giusso – Malta
* Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. sicula Brullo & Giusso – southern Sicily
# Ren Ziwei

Ren Ziwei (born 3 June 1997) is a Chinese short track speed-skater. He won a bronze medal in men's 1500 meters in 2014 World Junior Championships in Erzurum, Turkey. With his three teammates Chen Guang, Xu Fu and Sui Xin, he had also won the gold medal in men's 3000 meter relay race. Ren competed in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, and won gold in the men's 1000 meters, while his compatriot Li Wenlong took the silver. Ren and Li had actually finished 2nd and 3rd behind Hungary's Shaolin Sándor Liu, who was disqualified for a lane violation and an arm block on Ren at the finish. Ren along with his teammates Wu Dajing, Qu Chunyu and Fan Kexin, had also won the gold medal in the 2000 meters mixed relay event.

## ISU World Cup Medals

| Season | Location | Event |
| 2021–22 | Nagoya | 1000m |
| 2021–22 | Dordrecht | 1500m |
| 2021–22 | Debrecen | 1500m |
| 2019-20 | Dresden | 1500m |
| 2015–16 | Shanghai | 1500m |
| 2019–20 | Nagoya | 5000m Relay |
| 2016–17 | Salt Lake City | 5000m Relay |
| 2016–17 | Shanghai | 5000m Relay |
| 2021–22 | Dordrecht | Mixed 2000m Relay |
| 2021–22 | Debrecen | Mixed 2000m Relay |
| 2021–22 | Beijing | Mixed 2000m Relay |
| 2019-20 | Montreal | Mixed 2000m Relay |
| 2018-19 | Calgary | Mixed 2000m Relay |
| 2021–22 | Nagoya | 500m |
| 2018-19 | Salt Lake City | 1000m |
| 2021–22 | Nagoya | 5000m Relay |
| 2018-19 | Salt Lake City | 5000m Relay |
| 2017-18 | Budapest | 5000m Relay |
| 2021–22 | Nagoya | Mixed 2000m Relay |
| 2021–22 | Debrecen | 500m |
| 2019–20 | Dordrecht | 1500m |
| 2018–19 | Calgary | 1000m |
| 2017–18 | Dordrecht | 5000m Relay |
# Neil Killeen

Neil Killeen (born 17 October 1975 in Shotley Bridge, Consett, County Durham) is an English coach and former cricketer. During his playing career played for Durham County Cricket Club, Marylebone Cricket Club and Combined Universities. As of January 2023 he is the fast-bowling coach for the England national side.
He began playing cricket aged ten, at Annfield Plain Cricket Club, playing at the various age groups and represented Durham at all ages and levels including first-class. He began his career with Durham as a schoolboy in 1992, when he was selected for the first team squad on a tour to Zimbabwe. He signed on a full contract with the club in 1995. He made his first-class debut in 1995 against the West Indies and he was awarded his county cap in 1999. He toured the Caribbean with Young England in 1994/95, and toured with the M.C.C. in 2000.
He was best known for his exploits in the one-day game and is Durham's leading wicket-taker in the format, taking 298 wickets in 221 games. He played his last game for Durham against the Kent Spitfires in a Clydesdale Bank 40 match on 4 September 2010, taking 3 wickets in a 31 run defeat.
He moved from playing into coaching in 2011, spending 12 years with Durham before being appointed Elite pace bowling coach by England in January 2023.
# Elijah Hirsh

Elijah Hirsh (אלייז'ה הירש; born August 25, 1997) is an American-Israeli basketball player. He plays the forward position.

## Biography

Hirsh was born in Woodstock, Georgia, to Michael and Jo Lynn Hirsh. He is 6' 8" (203 cm) tall, and weighs 220 pounds (100 kg).
He attended Woodstock High School and The King's Academy in Woodstock.
Hirsh then attended Berry College (Business Administration; '19). In 2018 he was named Southern Athletic Association All-Second Team and All-Tournament Team, First Team All-Conference, and broke the single-game record for blocks in Berry's NCAA DIII era with 10 blocks. In 2019, he averaged 17.5 points (second in the SAA), 9.2 rebounds (leading the SAA), and 1.9 blocks per game, and was named SAA Player of the Year, SAA All-First Team, and National Association of Basketball Coaches All-District South First Team, and Google Cloud Academic All-District.
He plays for Ironi Kiryat Ata in the Israeli Basketball Premier League, with whom Hirsh signed a two-year deal in July 2019.
# Noh Salleh

Mohammad Noh bin Salleh (born 15 March 1985) is a Malaysian singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer. He is best known as the frontman and principal songwriter of the rock band Hujan, who have released six studio albums. He has also recorded with his side project EP, "Angin Kencang" and "Debu Bercahaya" as a solo artist.
Born in Kuching and raised in Miri, Sarawak, Noh moved to Kuala Lumpur and worked as an assistant in a recording studio owned by Ahmad Idham. In between music sessions, he taught himself musical knowledge and asked the musicians about jazz chords that interested him. He began his career with Hujan in 2005, along with guitarist AG Coco, who became a dominant figure in the independent music scene. Their self-titled debut album Hujan in 2008, became the fastest-selling debut album in Malaysia history, with massive success from the singles "Pagi yang Gelap" and "Bila Aku Sudah Tiada".

## Music career
### Band

Noh began his music career as a hip hop singer with the group MIX with three of his friends; Asyraf Hardy, MC Wayne and Ogie. The group signed a contract with the Cat Presents Productions recording label owned by Cat Farish and appeared with their only studio album Mula Dari Dulu in 2006. MIX was later disbanded as Noh was starting his own band.
Hujan began forming in 2005 after Noh uploaded some of his demos to Myspace, which was later discovered by AG Coco who introduce him to bigger audience in music scene. In earlier stage of Hujan, they were heavily influenced by jazz and rock in songwriting. Noh Salleh and Hang Dimas played their first gig on 17 February 2006 at Malam Pesta Gagalis Ubu in Lost Generation Space as Hujan.

### Solo career

Noh debuted his solo work Angin Kencang in July 2014. The album was mainly inspired by his then-wife Mizz Nina with elements of 1960s and 1970s French popular music; and it was co-produced with Adink Permana, Ade Paloh and Mondo Gascaro from the Indonesian band Sore.

## Personal life

Salleh married Malaysian singer and television personality Mizz Nina on 1 July 2011. The couple announced on their Instagram that they had separated on 4 August 2022.

## Discography
### M.I.X

* Mula Dari Dulu (2006)

### Hujan

* 1, 2, 3, Go! (2007)
* Check Check Rock Rock (2007)
* Hujan (2008)
* Mencari Konklusi (2009)
* Lonely Soldier Boy (2010)
* Sang Enemy (2012)
* Jika Sempat (2016)
* Suria (2018)
* Pelangi & Kau (2020)

### Da Vagabonds

* Da Vagabonds (2014)

### Solo

* Angin Kencang (2014)
* Debu Bercahaya (2019)
* Bisikan (2020)

### Other collaborations

* "Hantu" with M.I.X - (2006)
* "Puteri Santubong" with M.I.X - (2006)
* "Akademi Cinta" featuring Nas Adila with M.I.X - (2006)
* "Pelita" featuring A.P.I - Hooperz (2010)
* "Kurnia" featuring Mizz Nina - What Are You Waiting For (2010)
* "Selamat Pagi Sayang" featuring DJ Fuzz - Mixtape Mixology 3 (2010)
* "Kotarayaku" featuring Altimet - Kotarayaku (2011)
# Executive Vesting Clause

The Executive Vesting Clause (Article II, Section 1, Clause 1) of the United States Constitution says that "the executive power shall be vested" in a President of the United States who shall hold the office for a term of four years. Similar vesting clauses are found in Article I and Article III; the former bestows federal legislative power exclusively to the United States Congress, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the United States Supreme Court, and other federal courts established by law. These three clauses together secure a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government, and individually, each one entrenches checks and balances on the operation and power of the other two branches.

## Text

   The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:[...]
# Hate speech in India

Hate speech in India is the use of language or actions that promote discrimination, hostility, or hatred against individuals or groups based on their identities, such as religion, caste, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or political affiliation. India's diverse population of over 1.3 billion people and complex social and political landscape make it vulnerable to hate speech and incitement to violence, which have become increasingly prominent in recent years.

## Legal framework

India has laws, including the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), to address hate speech, but these laws are criticized for their lack of clarity and inadequate enforcement. Acts that could promote enmity between different groups on religious grounds and insult religious beliefs are prohibited by law. However, there is no legal definition of hate speech in India. The Law Commission of India recommended adding separate provisions to the IPC to criminalize hate speech in 2017, but some legal experts have raised concerns that these amendments could be misused to curtail legitimate speech and expression.

### Enforcement challenges

The judiciary in India has been hesitant to impose restrictions on free speech, and hate speech cases have not been acted upon in most instances. The police and other law enforcement agencies have also faced criticism for their inability to investigate and prosecute cases of hate speech and incitement to violence.

## Reports

Incidents of Hate Speech Against Religious Minorities in India (2024)
The United States-based think tank India Hate Lab (IHL) published research revealing extremely elevated levels of hate speech against Indian religious minorities, especially Muslims and Christians, in 2024. According to the IHL report, incidents of hate speech surged by 74%, from 668 cases in 2023 to 1,165 cases in 2024. The majority of these incidents targeted Muslims, with Christians also being affected. Much of the hate speech occurred during political rallies and religious gatherings, with high-profile figures, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi, accused of fueling divisive rhetoric.

## Impact of social media and television

Social media and television channels have contributed to the rise of hate speech in India, with politicians and public figures using these platforms to gain media attention and disseminate hate speech. Social media platforms like Facebook's Indian subsidiary, Meta, and Twitter have also faced criticism for their content moderation practices in India.

### Meta's Human Rights Impact Assessment

Meta commissioned a Human Rights Impact Assessment on India in 2019 to evaluate its role in spreading hate speech and incitement to violence. However, the report has been criticized for deflecting blame and not addressing the root causes of hate speech in India. Civil society groups argue that the report was designed to deflect criticism rather than address the problem.
# Abaza (surname)

Abaza is the name of an ethnic group closely related to the Circassians, the Abazins, their language, the Abaza language, an Egyptian noble family, the Abaza Family, and a surname.
The Abazin people's "self-designation" is Abaza (Abaza language: абаза). The word is also where the historic country of Abazinia gets its name.
In Russian, the surname "Абаза" (Abaza) was first recorded among noble families in 1843.
The following people share this surname:
* The House of Abaza, Egypt's largest aristocratic family, of Abazin Circassian origins
* Alexander Abaza (1821–1895), Russian finance minister
* Alexander Nikolayevich Abaza (1872–1925), Russian diplomat
* Alexey Abaza (1853–1915), Russian admiral
* Arkady Abaza (1843–1915), Russian composer
* Fekry Pasha Abaza (1896–1979), Egyptian journalist and political activist
* Jan Abaza (b. 1995), American tennis player
* Rushdy Abaza (1926–1980), Egyptian actor
* Tharwat Abaza (1927–2002), Egyptian journalist and novelist
* Yanal Abaza (b. 1976), retired Syrian association football player
* Aziz Pasha Abaza (1898–1973), an Egyptian poet and politician
# HMS Challenger (K07)

HMS Challenger (pennant number K07) was a Royal Navy diving support vessel, operational from 1984 to 1990.
Challenger had a saturation diving system allowing 12 divers to live in relative comfort in a large diving chamber amidships.

## History

In 1979 a paper describing the design for Challenger was presented at an Institute of Marine Engineering conference.
HMS Challenger was a unique vessel in Royal Navy service, purpose built to support deep sea operations and saturation diving. Built by Scotts at Greenock, the ship was launched on 19 May 1981, but not commissioned until 1984, during a time when the Royal Navy was cutting back on expenditure. The consequence was that the £80m Challenger was seen as an extravagance that the Ministry of Defence could not afford. After only a few years service, in 1990 the ship was laid up and offered for sale. The total cost for the construction of the ship was also increased by various errors and delays during construction.
In 1993 the ship was purchased by a company, Subsea Offshore, to be converted for work decontaminating hazardous waste dumped in the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic. By 1996 the ship was still laid up and may never have been used by Subsea.
In following years the navy used other DP diving vessels for its diving work including the MV Seaforth Clansman hired from Seaforth Maritime, which had been used while Challenger was being built.
The vessel was later bought by the Namibian Minerals Corporation (NAMCO), and fitted with equipment to recover diamonds from the sea floor. The ship was converted at the Nauta Shipyard in Gdynia, Poland, and made its first diamond recoveries in December 2000. The ship was bought by De Beers in April 2003 when it offered US$20 million for several assets, among them Challenger.
# Laughing heir

In the law of inheritance, a laughing heir is an heir who is legally entitled to inherit the property of a person who has died, even though that heir is only distantly related to the deceased, and therefore has no personal connection or reason to feel bereaved over the death.
In most jurisdictions, the law of intestacy requires that the property of a person who died without leaving a will must first go to that person's immediate family, such as a spouse, descendants, ascendants, or persons descended from the same parents or grandparents. Under the common law, if no such persons exist, the property passes to the nearest living person who can demonstrate some degree of kinship with the deceased, no matter how distant the relation.
Some jurisdictions have a laughing heir statute, which cuts off the right of inheritance when the remaining relatives become too remote. In such jurisdictions, if no relative falls within the limitation set by the statute, then the property escheats to the state.
In the United States, §2-103 of the Uniform Probate Code, which has been adopted by a number of states, sets the outer limits of the right to inheritance with grandparents, aunts and uncles, and first cousins. Under the code, heirs that are farther removed from the deceased are left with no claim to the estate at all. By contrast, some US states (such as Virginia) have extended the principle to cover the family of a predeceased spouse. In those states, if the decedent had been married, and their spouse had died before the decedent, and if the decedent had no blood relatives at all, then the decedent's property would pass to any living relatives of the spouse, no matter how remote.

## Jurisdictions with no "laughing heir" statute
### Africa

* South Africa

### North America

* Kentucky
* Virginia (also extends inheritance rights to relatives of a predeceased spouse)
Until 2013, Texas had no laughing heir statute, instead allowing estates to pass to the nearest lineal ancestors or descendants "without end". Texas passed such a law (HB 2912) in 2013, and thereafter following the Uniform Probate Code.

## Jurisdictions with a "laughing heir" statute
### North America

* Alabama (cuts off inheritance with descendants of the grandparents of the deceased)
* Florida (extends inheritance rights to relatives of a predeceased spouse up two grandparents' descendants after cutting off the inheritance of the decedent with the descendants of the grandparents of the deceased; however for Holocaust survivors the descendants of a decedent's great-grandparent may inherit)(Fla. Stat. §732.103)
* North Carolina (extends intestate inheritance out to five degrees of a kinship if they exist. If no kin within five degrees of kinship exist then it extends indefinitely in an attempt to prevent the estate from escheating)(NC General Statute 29–7)
# Bill Frisell, Ron Carter, Paul Motian

Bill Frisell, Ron Carter, Paul Motian is the 19th album by Bill Frisell, released on the Elektra Nonesuch label.

## Background

It was released in 2006 and features performances by Frisell, Ron Carter and Paul Motian recorded on February 14–15, 2005.
An EP with four additional tracks was released on iTunes. It has since become available on Bill Frisell's official website as a download.
The album cover features a photography by Ralph Gibson, who also provided portraits of the musicians for the album's booklet and the EP.

## Reception

The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 3½ stars, stating, "This is a solid and unexpected surprise from a brilliantly conceived collaboration.".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

* "Eighty-One" (Miles Davis, Ron Carter) – 6:20
* "You Are My Sunshine" (Jimmie Davis) – 5:56
* "Worse and Worse" (Bill Frisell) – 5:16
* "Raise Four" (Thelonious Monk) – 5:15
* "Pretty Polly" (Traditional) – 6:56
* "On the Street Where You Live" (Frederick Loewe) – 9:25
* "Monroe" (Frisell) – 6:05
* "Introduction" (Paul Motian) – 4:36
* "Misterioso" (Monk) – 6:36
* "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry" (Hank Williams) – 7:56

### Additional tracks on "A Frisell EP"

* "Lazy" – 3:23
* "Mandeville" (Paul Motian) – 3:48
* "Little Waltz" (Ron Carter) – 6:55
* "Mood" – 4:44

## Personnel

* Bill Frisell – guitars
* Paul Motian – drums
* Ron Carter – bass
# Bill Orr (football coach)

Bill Orr (born 23 May 1983) is a Scottish football coach/analyst, who was most recently assistant manager of Lowland League side East Kilbride. Orr won the Lowland league cup with East Kilbride in April 2022. However, in March 2023 Orr left his position alongside East Kilbride manager Kevin Rutkiewicz with the club sitting 5th in the Lowland League. Orr has held similar positions at Stirling Albion FC, Queens Park FC and Greenock Juniors FC.

## Career

In January 2023 Orr was approached by the Republic of Ireland FA to work with the Under 17's squad.
Shortly after the 2023 Raith Rovers takeover by a consortium led by Dean McKenzie, he was appointed Head of Performance Analysis and Talent ID. Orr is responsible for the technical coaching of first team players, player recruitment and performance analysis.
He was one of the first performance analysts to be appointed in the Scottish Lower Leagues and pioneered Performance Analysis at teams with restricted budgets and limited resources. Orr is regarded as one of the top Performance Analysts in Scotland.

## Personal life

Bill attended Braidfield high school in Clydebank. Outside of football he has worked as a Project Manager for companies such as Ladbrokes, Barclays and Scottish Water