OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Roads Telecommunications Services

The National Roads Telecommunications Service is the fibre-optic network of communication and control used by National Highways to monitor England's roads. Its design has allowed for active traffic management and managed motorways in England.

## History

Prior to 2005, the motorway network was controlled by the National Motorway Communication System (NMCS). This network was not fibre-optic or digitally controlled.
The £490 million contract for the NRTS was awarded to the GeneSYS Consortium on 19 September 2005. GeneSYS Consortium is a group of companies led by the Fluor Corporation and is a Public–private partnership.
The system is designed to allow a national scheme of road pricing, possibly using radio-frequency identification tags. The cost of the project was described by the Association of British Drivers as being "an awful lot to spend just for signs saying that motorways are closed and that you should not drink and drive."
In 2017, a second contract for the NRTS was awarded to Telent. Starting on 16 March 2018, the £450 million contract was set to run for 7 years, but was extended to run until 2027.

## Structure

The NRTS is an intelligent transportation system based at the Quinton Business Park at Quinton, Birmingham. Video images are sent over fibre-optic cables to form a switched video network. The fibre-optic system was deployed with Guardian-Lite 3700 controllers, made by AMG Systems of Biggleswade, which allow uncompressed video signals and other data to be sent at the same time.

### Companies

* Fluor
* Peek Traffic
* Mott MacDonald
* Alcatel-Lucent - based the system on its 1692 Metrospan Edge CWDM (coarse wavelength-division multiplexing) platform, with the 7750 Service Router, and OmniPCX enterprise voice-over-IP switch (made by the CSBU subsidiary). Alcatel-Lucent own Genesys Conferencing.

## Function

It controls traffic on England's motorways and major A roads.

### Customers of the NRTS

* Traffic police (Road Policing Units) and their Police Control Offices
* Traffic England - real-time website
* Traffic Radio
* TrafficMaster
# Gazaoua Department

Gazaoua is a department of the Maradi Region in Niger. The department is located in the south of the country and borders Nigeria. Its administrative seat is the city of Gazaoua. As of 2012, the department had a total population of 160,536 people.

## History

The department dates back to the administrative post (poste administratif) of Gazaoua, which was established in 1964. In 2011, the administrative post was separated from the department of Aguié and became the department of Gazaoua.

## Municipalities

Gazaoua Department is divided into two municipalities, listed with population as of 2012 census:
* Gangara (51,930)
* Gazaoua (108,606)
# Kendallina

Kendallina is a genus of parabolinoidid trilobite with an inverted egg-shaped outline, a wide headshield, small eyes, small deflected spines, 12 thorax segments and a small, short tailshield. It lived during the Late Cambrian in what are today Canada and the United States.

## Description

The outline of the exoskeleton Kendallina is inverted egg-shaped, with a wide rectangular headshield (or cephalon) about twice as wide as long. The well-defined central raised area (or glabella), excluding the backward occipital ring, is almost as wide as long, moderately convex, truncate-tapering, with 3 pairs of shallow to obsolete lateral furrows. The occipital ring is well defined. The distance between the glabella and the border (or preglabellar field) is ±1⁄4× as long as the glabella. Kendallina has small eyes, 1⁄8× as long as the cephalon, which are positioned near the front of the glabella and about half as far out as the glabella is wide. The remaining parts of the cephalon, called fixed and free cheeks (or fixigenae and librigenae) are flat. The fracture lines (or sutures) that in moulting separate the librigenae from the fixigenae are divergent just in front of the eyes, becoming parallel near the border furrow and strongly convergent at the margin. From the back of the eyes the sutures are straight, diverging outward and backward at approximately 45°, cutting the posterior margin well within the inner bend of the spine (or opisthoparian sutures). The articulating middle part of the body (or thorax) has 12 segments. The anteriormost segment gradually narrows into a sideward directed point, while further to the back the segments are rounded with a short, outward deflected spine at back of their outer tips. The small tailshield (or pygidium) is about 1⁄3× as wide as the cephalon, narrowly transverse about 3× wider than long. Its axis is about the same width as pleural fields to each side, and has up to 3 axial rings and a terminal and almost reaches the margin. Up to 4 pleural segments with obsolete interpleural grooves and shallow pleural furrows. The posterior margin is smooth or has one pair of minute spines. The surface has fine granules or is smooth.

## Taxonomy

Kendallina was originally named Kendallia Berg, 1953, but this name was already occupied since Evermann and Shaw bestowed it on a carp in 1927. The replacement name was proposed in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology by Christina Lochman-Balk that same year. Since then, Kendallia Evermann & Shaw, 1927 has been recognized as the junior synonym of Hemiculter.

## Distribution

* K. biforota is present in the Upper Cambrian of the United States (Franconian, Conaspis zone, Davis Formation, Elvins Group, Washington County, Missouri, 37.9° N, 90.7° W).
* K. crassitesta has been found in the Upper Cambrian of Canada (Sunwaptan, Parabolinoides subzone and Taenicephalus shumardi subzone, Bison Creek Formation, Alberta, 51.5° N, 116.2° W).
* K. eryon has been identified from the Upper Cambrian of the United States (Clear Creek Section, Open Door Formation, Sublette County, Wyoming, 43.3° N, 109.8° W).
# Bermo Department

Bermo is a department of the Maradi Region in Niger. The department is located in the centre of the country. Its administrative seat is the city of Bermo. As of 2012, the department had a total population of 52,274 people.

## History

The department goes back to the administrative post (poste administratif) of Bermo, which was established in 1988. In 2011, the administrative post was separated from the department of Dakoro and elevated to the department of Bermo.

## Municipalities

Bermo Department is divided into two municipalities, listed with population as of 2012 census:
* Bermo (30,761)
* Gababedji (21,513)
# James Chrystal

James Chrystal or Crystal (1807–1901) was a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from 1879 to 1880.

## Life

He was born in 1807 on Cochrane Street in Glasgow, the second son of William Chrystal, the rector of Glasgow Grammar School. He was educated at the Grammar School then studied at the University of Glasgow graduating MA in 1825.
He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Glasgow in 1829 and presented to the congregation of Auchinleck in Ayrshire by Sir James Boswell of Auchinleck on 25 April 1833, being ordained there on 19 September 1833.
He was sometimes Clerk of Presbytery. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) by Glasgow University in 1861); and an honorary Doctor of Laws by St Andrews University in 1893). He is mentioned in 1835 as donating £3 3s 6d from Auchinleck to general church funds of the Church of Scotland under the remit of Thomas Chalmers.
In 1838 he is listed as a formal dinner guest in Cumnock.
In 1879 he succeeded The Very Reverend John Tulloch as Moderator of the General Assembly the highest position within the Church of Scotland.
He was minister of Auchinleck from 1833 to 1893, 60 years service, being replaced by Rev James Hill.
He died on 6 February 1901 as Father of the Church.

## Family

In October 1834 he married Sophia Playfair (d. 1890) daughter of Patrick Playfair of Dalmarnock a Glasgow merchant trading with the West Indies. Their children included William (1835-1845); Jane Playfair (1837-1884); Patrick Chrystal (1838-1885); James Robert Chrystal (b.1839) minister of Coltness; Andrew (1841-1885) merchant in Montreal; David (1843-1857); John Smith Chrystal (b. 1845); Sophia Ann (b. 1847) married Rev Pearson McAdam Muir (moderator in 1910).
# MiningWatch Canada

MiningWatch Canada is a non-governmental organization based in Ottawa, Ontario. Founded in 1999, it acts as a watchdog of Canada's mining industry.
MiningWatch is part of the Canadian Network on Corporate Accountability, the Canadian Council for International Cooperation, and the Halifax Initiative.
In Finland, Europe, there is a same kind of organization Kansalaisten kaivosvaltuuskunta – MiningWatch Finland.
# William Roy Sanderson

William Roy Sanderson (23 September 1907 – 19 June 2008) was a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1967. In 1961 he had organised the first meeting between a moderator and the pope. He was chaplain in ordinary to Queen Elizabeth II in Scotland.

## Life

He was born on 23 September 1907 at Talbot House, 216 Ferry Road in Leith, the son of Arthur Sanderson (killed in Gallipoli in 1915) and grandson of William Sanderson, a prominent local whisky distiller and founder of William Sanderson & Co., creators of VAT 69 whisky. Although initially known as William, he was known in adult life as Roy Sanderson. He was educated at Cargilfield Preparatory School, then Edinburgh Academy and Fettes College. He studied modern classics at the University of Oxford, graduating in 1929, and then returned to Edinburgh to study divinity at the University of Edinburgh.
In 1933 he was ordained as assistant at St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh. In 1935 he was given his first church: St Andrews Church in Lochgelly, Fife. In 1939 he was translated to the Barony, Glasgow, as colleague and successor to Very Revd Dr John White. The church was in age of creation second in Glasgow to Glasgow Cathedral. In 1940 he served as a chaplain with the Church of Scotland Huts and Canteens in France and was evacuated from St Malo. He served as an air raid warden in Kelvinside during the Clydebank Blitz. The University of Glasgow awarded him an honorary doctorate (DD) in 1959. In 1963, after 24 years in Glasgow, he moved to serve the combined parishes of Whittingehame and Stenton, in East Lothian.
From 1960 to 1965 he was convenor of the church panel on doctrine and served as convenor of the general administration committee of the General Assembly from 1965 to 1970, technically pausing these duties for his period as Moderator 1967/8. He was influential in the ordination of female ministers and helped Mary Levison achieve her position as the Church of Scotland's first female minister. From 1961 to 1971 he advised both BBC Scotland and Scottish Television on religious affairs. He was a Governor of Fettes College 1967 to 1977.
He conducted the marriage of Leo Blair to his first wife Hazel, the parents of Tony Blair.
He retired to North Berwick and died in Dunbar on 19 June 2008, aged 100.
The Barony Church was deconsecrated and as the Barony Hall now forms part of the University of Strathclyde.

## Family

In 1941 he married Muriel Easton in Glasgow. They had two daughters and three sons.
# Dugald Butler

Dugald Butler (1862–1926) was a 19th/20th century Scottish minister, remembered as a prolific author on a variety of subjects, but mainly historical, most of which are still in print. He was minister of several important churches including the Tron Kirk on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. He was an expert on Robert Leighton.

## Life

He was born on 18 November 1862 in Glasgow the son of Dugald Butler of the Bridgeton Society. The family lived at 56 Rumford Street in the Dalmarnock district of Glasgow. He was educated at Glasgow High School then studied at Glasgow University graduating MA in 1883. He was licensed to preach as a Church of Scotland minister by the Presbytery of Dunoon in 1886.
His first role was as assistant to Rev Dr Kirk at New Kilpatrick then to Rev Dr Matheson at St Bernards Church in Stockbridge, Edinburgh. He was ordained as minister of Abernethy in September 1890. In 1902 he translated to the Tron Kirk in Edinburgh. In August 1907 he moved to Galashiels in the Scottish Borders. Glasgow University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Divinity in the same year.
He fell into ill-health in 1923 and died on 9 January 1926 and is buried in the Marwick burial plot in Warriston Cemetery in Edinburgh.

## Family

In April 1893 he married Catherine Christian Barrie Marwick eldest daughter of Sir James David Marwick LLD Town Clerk of Glasgow.
# Calamvale Ward

Calamvale Ward is a Brisbane City Council ward covering Calamvale, Algester, Drewvale, Heathwood, Parkinson, Stretton, Larapinta, Karawatha, and part of Forest Lake. The ward is currently represented by Emily Kim of the Labor Party.
Calamvale replaced Parkinson Ward, which itself replaced Acacia Ridge Ward.

## History

A 2015 redistribution created Calamvale Ward, replacing Parkinson Ward while gaining area from the former Karawatha Ward in the east and losing area to Forest Lake and Moorooka Ward in the west. These changes increased the LNP margin from 17.1% to 18.1%. Owen-Taylor went on to win the 2016 election.

## Councillors for Calamvale Ward

| Image | Member | Party | Term | Notes |
| | Angela Owen | Liberal National | 19 March 2016 – 16 March 2024 | Formerly known as Angela Owen-Taylor. Lost re-election. |
| | Emily Kim | Labor | 16 March 2024 – present | Incumbent |

## Electoral results
### 2024

2024 Queensland local elections: Calamvale Ward :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal National | Angela Owen | 13,447 | 45.02 | −3.31 |
| | Labor | Emily Kim | 13,280 | 44.46 | +2.52 |
| | Greens | Andrea Wildin | 3,141 | 10.52 | +0.79 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 29,868 | 97.81 | +0.55 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 668 | 2.19 | −0.55 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 30,536 | 85.51 | +3.38 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Emily Kim | 14,824 | 51.71 | +3.95 |
| | Liberal National | Angela Owen | 13,842 | 48.29 | −3.95 |
| | Labor gain from Liberal National | Labor gain from Liberal National | Swing | +3.95 | |

### 2020

2020 Queensland local elections: Calamvale Ward :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal National | Angela Owen | 11,887 | 48.3 | −10.9 |
| | Labor | James Martin | 10,316 | 41.9 | +11.4 |
| | Greens | Josie Mira | 2,393 | 9.7 | −0.5 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 24,596 | | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 692 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 25,288 | | |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal National | Angela Owen | 12,156 | 52.2 | −12.1 |
| | Labor | James Martin | 11,113 | 47.8 | +12.1 |
| | Liberal National hold | Liberal National hold | Swing | −12.1 | |

### 2016

2016 Queensland local elections:Calamvale Ward :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal National | Angela Owen-Taylor | 13,799 | 59.6 | −8.4 |
| | Labor | Mukhtar Wesseh | 7,004 | 30.3 | −1.4 |
| | Greens | Janina Leo | 2,332 | 10.1 | +10.1 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 23,135 | - | − |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 822 | - | − |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 23,957 | - | − |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Liberal National | Angela Owen-Taylor | 14,051 | 64.7 | −3.4 |
| | Labor | Mukhtar Wesseh | 7,653 | 35.3 | +3.4 |
| | Liberal National hold | Liberal National hold | Swing | −3.4 | |
# James A. McClymont

James Alexander McClymont CBE VD (1848–1927) was a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1921.

## Life

He was Principal Chaplain to the Royal Army Chaplains' Department in the First World War.
His duties as Moderator in 1921/22 included unveiling the stained glass windows at St Laurence Church in Forres.
In 1924 a sermon by McClymont on the "League of Nations" was broadcast from Edinburgh on radio by the BBC.

## Publications

* The New Testament and its Writers (1899)
* Greece (1906), illustrations by John Fulleylove
* The New Century Bible: St John (1930)
# Bill McDonald (minister)

William James Gilmour McDonald (13 June 1924 – 9 December 2015) was a Scottish minister. He served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1989. He presented BBC Radio Scotland's "Thought for the Day" for many years.

## Life

He was born on 3 June 1924 to Grace Kennedy Hunter and Hugh Gilmour McDonald. He was educated at Daniel Stewart's School, Edinburgh, and was school dux. He studied classics at the University of Edinburgh graduating with an MA, going on to take a further degree in divinity at the University.
In the final years of the Second World War he was a Captain in the Royal Artillery in India in an anti-tank regiment. He then returned to Scotland where, after assisting in St Cuthberts Church in Edinburgh for some years, he was ordained into the church at Limekilns which also included being Chaplain to Rosyth Dockyard. In 1959 he was translated to the Mayfield Salisbury Church in south Edinburgh succeeding Rev James Whyte. He remained there for the rest of his life. In Edinburgh he also served as Chaplain to the Merchant Company of Edinburgh. He received an honorary doctorate (DD) from the University of Edinburgh in 1987. He retired in 1992 but would still speak occasionally at his former church.
He died in Edinburgh on 9 December 2015 and is buried in Grange Cemetery near his home. The grave lies near the north-west corner of the modern western extension.

## Family

In 1952 he married Margaret Patricia Watson, and together they had two daughters and a son; Alison, Sheena, a television presenter and journalist, and Roddy.

## Publications

* Words Thought and Said (2014)
# Hama camp

Hama camp is a Palestinian refugee camp in Syria, located in the heart of the city of Hama, which is 200 kilometers north of the Syrian capital Damascus. The camp was established in 1950 on an area of 60,000 square meters, overlooking the Orontes River. Most of the camp's refugees return to villages surrounding the northern Palestinian cities of Haifa and Acre.
The camp is home to more than 8,000 refugees registered with UNRWA.
Most refugees in the camp work either as day labourers or as shop owners. Environmental health is a serious problem in the camp. The issue of solid waste disposal is one of its necessary needs, and its drainage system is characterized by dilobation and does not meet the growing needs.
The camp has four schools: two primary schools (6–12 years old); a school for boys and the other for girls, and two joint primary and preparatory schools; one for boys and the other for girls. These schools are run by UNRWA.
# Leverett & Frye

Leverett & Frye was a chain of high-class grocery stores which was founded in 1870 in Greenwich, England, as Leverett, Frye, and Scholding. The chain expanded throughout Great Britain and Ireland, having over fifty branches at its peak.
Frederick Frye's partnership with Arthur Scholding was dissolved in 1892 and the business continued with Frye as the sole proprietor. In 1894, it became a limited company under the name Leverett & Frye Ltd..
# St Mary's Church, Blymhill

St. Mary's Church, Blymhill is an Anglican church in the village of Blymhill, Staffordshire, England (grid reference SJ808122). The building, which is a Grade I listed building, was constructed in the 14th century and restored and extended in the 18th and 19th centuries. It features an Early English south aisle, a Decorated Gothic chancel and a Perpendicular Gothic tower.

## History

There has been a church at Blymhill from an early date. Until the end of the 11th century it was attached to the collegiate church of Gnosall, which it served as a chapel of ease. In c. 1200 a separate rectory was established at Blymhill when William, son of John Bagot, the then Lord of Blymhill, acquired the right of presentation of himself and his heirs. A full list of rectors from that date is extant.
The present church dates from the mid 14th century and it probably lies on the same site as the former chapel of ease. It is thought to have been built during the incumbency of Stephen de Bromley who was rector between 1349 and c. 1379. There is an arched recess outside the south wall of the chancel (a position often occupied by the founders tomb) containing a weathered stone coffin that is thought to be Bromley's.
The church underwent significant alterations in c. 1719 during which the Gothic windows of the nave and south aisle were replaced by large and fashionable round-headed windows. A view of the church in 1797, after these alterations, is shown on this page. The Gothic windows were re-introduced during a substantial Early English restoration in 1858–59 by the architect George Street along with the present vestry and new oak choir stalls, oak pews, pulpit and font. The sentences below, from the work authorisation, explain the other major changes:
   George Thomas Orlando Bridgeman Clerk Rector ... are authorised and empowered to take down the gallery on the West side (Tower end) and the wall on the north side of the said Church, to widen and extend the same on the North side, to make an aisle on the same side, to stop up the present entrance (through the Tower) and to erect a Porch on the North side, and to erect new roofs over the whole Church.
Street's restoration left the interior too dark so, in 1861, two new plain diamond windows were added to the south wall and in 1876 dormer windows, rarely seen in churches, were built into the south aisle roof.
St. Chad's chapel, at the east end of the north aisle, was constructed in 1936 as a gift of the Rev. E.R.O. Bridgeman. St. Chad is traditionally supposed to have preached in the vicinity of Blymhill in the 7th century and consecrated a well at nearby Chadwell.

## Notable incumbents

Dates of incumbency are in parentheses.
* Samuel Dickenson (9 January 1777 – 15 May 1823) – botanist
* George Thomas Orlando Bridgeman (12 November 1853 – 1865) – antiquary