OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jack E. Davis

Jack Emerson Davis is an American author and distinguished professor of history in Florida. He holds the Rothman Family Endowed Chair in the Humanities and teaches environmental history and sustainability studies at the University of Florida. In 2002-2003, he taught on a Fulbright award at the University of Jordan in Amman, Jordan.
Davis received the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for History for his book The Gulf: The Making of an American Sea. He also wrote An Everglades Providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American Environmental Century, a dual biography of Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the Florida Everglades; and Race Against Time: Culture and Separation in Natchez since 1930. With Raymond Arsenault, he edited Paradise Lost?: The Environmental History of Florida, a collection of essays on the history of the human relationship with Florida nature.

## Life

Davis earned a BA (1985) and MA (1989) from the University of South Florida, and a Ph.D. in 1994 from Brandeis University. Before joining the University of Florida faculty, he taught at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where he was director of environmental studies. He also taught at Eckerd College.
Race Against Time: Culture and Separation in Natchez Since 1930 won the Charles S. Sydnor Prize for the best book in southern history published in 2001. An Everglades Providence (2009), received the Florida Book Award gold medal in the nonfiction category. In addition to winning a Pulitzer Prize, The Gulf: The Making of an American Sea was awarded the 2017 Kirkus Prize in nonfiction and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. The book covers the history of Gulf of Mexico from geological formation to the present (2016).
His other works include The Wide Brim: Early Poems and Ponderings of Marjory Stoneman Douglas (2002); Making Waves: Female Activists in Twentieth-Century Florida (2003), edited by Kari Frederickson and Davis; and The Civil Rights Movement (2000).

## Works

* The Bald Eagle: The Improbable Journey of America's Bird. W W Norton & Co Inc 2022 ISBN 9781631495250
* The Gulf: The Making of an American Sea. W W Norton & Co Inc 2018. ISBN 9781631494024, OCLC 1037248759
* An Everglades Providence: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the American Environmental Century Athens : Univ Of Georgia Press, 2011. ISBN 9780820337791, OCLC 696916151
* Race Against Time: Culture and Separation in Natchez since 1930. Baton Rouge, La. : Louisiana State University Press, 2001. ISBN 9780807130278, OCLC 56654733
* The Wide Brim: Early Poems and Ponderings of Marjory Stoneman Douglas (Florida History and Culture) April 15, 2002;
* Making Waves: Female Activists in Twentieth-Century Florida Gainesville : University Press of Florida, 2003. ISBN 9780813027678, OCLC 50348066
* The Civil Rights Movement Malden (Mass.); Oxford : Blackwell, 2001. ISBN 9780631220442, OCLC 491974296

### Edited

* Raymond Arsenault (eds), Paradise Lost?: The Environmental History of Florida, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005. ISBN 9780813028262, OCLC 474889496
# ZDFkultur

ZDFkultur (stylized as zdf.kultur) was a German free-to-air television channel owned by ZDF. It was launched on 7 May 2011, replacing ZDF theaterkanal. It mainly broadcast music shows, such as Later... with Jools Holland, pop concerts and series from the ZDF archive, but also movies and theatre plays. On 1 May 2012, a high-definition simulcast was launched on satellite. On 22 February 2013, ZDF director Thomas Bellut announced that ZDFkultur would close in the near future, due to cost-saving measures at ZDF. The channel council agreed Bellut's proposal on 8 March 2013. The programming after the closure announcement consisting mostly of old ZDF archive content from the 1970s and 80s, with an annual budget of around €2 million. The channel was finally closed down on 30 September 2016.

## Audience share

| | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Annual average |
| 2011 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0% |
| 2012 | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| 2013 | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| 2014 | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| 2015 | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| 2016 | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | - | - | - | |
# Carlo Holse

Carl Johan Holse Justesen (born 2 June 1999) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Turkish Süper Lig club Samsunspor.

## Club career
### Copenhagen

Holse made his Danish Superliga debut for FC Copenhagen on 23 September 2017 in a game against Silkeborg.
On 30 January 2019, it was confirmed that Holse would be loaned out to Esbjerg fB in the Danish Superliga for the rest of the season. According to sources, Esbjerg had already tried to sign Holse in the summer 2018.

### Rosenborg

On 31 January 2020, Holse signed a four-year deal with Rosenborg

### Samsunspor

On 1 September 2023, Holse joined Samsunspor in Turkey on a four-year deal.

## International career

In November 2020, he was called up to Kasper Hjulmand's senior squad for the friendly against Sweden due to several cancellations from, among others, the Danish national team players playing in England, due to the COVID-19 restrictions, as well as a case of COVID-19 in the squad, which had put several national team players in quarantine. He was on the bench for the game against Sweden.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 7 February 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Copenhagen | 2017–18 | Danish Superliga | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Copenhagen | 2018–19 | Danish Superliga | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 2 |
| Copenhagen | 2019–20 | Danish Superliga | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Copenhagen | Total | Total | 27 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 42 | 2 |
| Esbjerg (loan) | 2018–19 | Danish Superliga | 14 | 3 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 15 | 3 |
| Rosenborg | 2020 | Eliteserien | 30 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 34 | 6 |
| Rosenborg | 2021 | Eliteserien | 28 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 36 | 9 |
| Rosenborg | 2022 | Eliteserien | 28 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 5 |
| Rosenborg | 2023 | Eliteserien | 16 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 21 | 4 |
| Rosenborg | Total | Total | 102 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 122 | 24 |
| Samsunspor | 2023–24 | Süper Lig | 33 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 5 |
| Samsunspor | 2024–25 | Süper Lig | 21 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 7 |
| Samsunspor | Total | Total | 54 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 12 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 197 | 34 | 8 | 3 | 28 | 4 | 233 | 41 |

## Honours
### Individual

* Eliteserien Top assist provider: 2022
# Society of London Theatre Special Award

The Laurence Olivier Award for Society of London Theatre Special Award is an annual award presented by the Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre. The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976, and renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor and director Laurence Olivier, himself a 1979 recipient of this award.
This award was introduced in 1976. In 2020, the award was expanded with additional Special Recognition Recipients, recognizing a larger number of people each year for their lifetime of contributions to commercial British theatre.

## Award winners
### 1970s

| Year | Recipient |
| 1976 | Save London's Theatres Campaign |
| 1977 | Harry Loman |
| 1978 | Brian Clark |
| 1979 | Laurence Olivier |

### 1980s

| Year | Recipient |
| 1980 | Ralph Richardson |
| 1981 | none presented |
| 1982 | Charles Wintour |
| 1983 | Joan Littlewood |
| 1984 | Arnold Goodman |
| 1985 | John Gielgud |
| 1986 | none presented |
| 1987 | none presented |
| 1988 | Alec Guinness |
| 1989 | entire 1989 Oliviers were merged into 1990 |

### 1990s

| Year | Recipient |
| 1991 | Peggy Ashcroft |
| 1992 | Ninette de Valois |
| 1993 | Kenneth MacMillan |
| 1994 | Sam Wanamaker |
| 1995 | none presented |
| 1996 | Harold Pinter |
| 1997 | Margaret Harris |
| 1998 | David Mirvish |
| 1998 | Ed Mirvish |
| 1999 | Peter Hall |

### 2000s

| Year | Recipient |
| 2001 | none presented |
| 2002 | Rupert Rhymes |
| 2003 | Sam Mendes |
| 2004 | Judi Dench |
| 2005 | Alan Bennett |
| 2006 | Ian McKellen |
| 2007 | John Tomlinson |
| 2008 | Andrew Lloyd Webber |
| 2009 | Alan Ayckbourn |

### 2010s

| Year | Recipient |
| 2010 | Maggie Smith |
| 2011 | Stephen Sondheim |
| 2012 | Monica Mason |
| 2012 | Tim Rice |
| 2013 | Michael Frayn |
| 2013 | Gillian Lynne |
| 2014 | Nicholas Hytner and Nick Starr |
| 2014 | Michael White |
| 2015 | Sylvie Guillem |
| 2015 | Kevin Spacey |
| 2016 | none presented |
| 2017 | Kenneth Branagh |
| 2018 | David Lan |
| 2019 | Matthew Bourne |

### 2020s

| Year | Category | Recipient |
| 2020 | Special Award | Don Black Ian McKellen |
| 2020 | Special Recognition | Jo Hawes Thelma Holt Stephen Jameson and Sarah Preece Peter Roberts |
| 2021 | Not presented due to extended closing of theatre productions during COVID-19 pandemic | Not presented due to extended closing of theatre productions during COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2022 | Special Award | none |
| 2022 | Special Recognition | Lisa Burger Bob King Gloria Louis Susie Sainsbury Sylvia Young |
| 2023 | Special Award | none |
| 2023 | Special Recognition | Derek Jacobi Arlene Phillips |
* 1 2 Due to late March 2020 to late July 2021 closing of London theatre productions during the COVID-19 pandemic in England, the 2022 awards recognise productions that launched anytime from February 2020 to February 2022
# 36th Scripps National Spelling Bee

The 36th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C., on June 12–13, 1963, sponsored by the E.W. Scripps Company.
13-year-old eighth-grader Glen Van Slyke III of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, sponsored by the Knoxville News Sentinel, won the competition in 33 rounds, correctly spelling the final word equipage. His strategy involved spelling very slowly to ensure accuracy as well as asking for derivations and roots of every word. Second place went to Elaine Piecuch (age 14) of Winslow, Maine, who failed to correctly spell biliousness, followed in third by Gary Barringer (age 14) of East Liverpool, Ohio. The top prizes were $1000, $500, and $250.
There were 69 contestants this year, 39 girls and 30 boys. Nine came from Texas, eight from Ohio, six from Pennsylvania, and five from New York. Four spellers were return contestants.
A record number of 752 words were used in the competition, besting the prior year's record of 718.
# Lilia Woods

Lilia Milcheva Rapatinska Woods (born 1969) is a Bulgarian-American condensed matter physicist whose research interests include the thermoelectric effect as well as macroscopic quantum phenomena caused by quantum fluctuations, including the Casimir effect. She is a professor of physics at the University of South Florida.

## Education and career

Woods was born in Kyustendil, Bulgaria, in 1969, and has a bachelor's and master's degree in nuclear science from Sofia University in Bulgaria, received in 1993. After teaching at a high school for a year, she completed her Ph.D. under the supervision of Gerald Mahan at the University of Tennessee. Her 1999 doctoral dissertation was Electron-phonon effects in graphene and an armchair (10,10) single wall carbon nanotube.
She became a faculty member at the University of South Florida after postdoctoral research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and at the United States Naval Research Laboratory.

## Book

Woods is a coauthor of the book Contemporary Quantum Mechanics in Practice: Problems and Solutions (with Pablo Rodríguez López, Cambridge University Press, 2024).

## Recognition

Woods was named as woman physicist of the month by the American Physical Society (APS) in 2017. She was elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2017, after a nomination from the APS Division of Condensed Matter Physics, "for her seminal contributions to the theory of fluctuation-induced and thermoelectric phenomena in condensed matter physics". She became a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2019, "for distinguished contributions to condensed matter and materials physics, particularly for theory and predictions of thermoelectric transport mechanisms and dispersive interactions in novel materials".
# Microcrystalline cellulose

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a term for refined wood pulp and is used as a texturizer, an anti-caking agent, a fat substitute, an emulsifier, an extender, and a bulking agent in food production. The most common form is used in vitamin supplements or tablets. It is also used in plaque assays for counting viruses, as an alternative to carboxymethylcellulose.

## Structure

A naturally occurring polymer, it is composed of glucose units connected by a 1-4 beta glycosidic bond. These linear cellulose chains are bundled together as microfibril spiralled together in plant cell walls.
Each microfibril exhibits a high degree of three-dimensional internal bonding resulting in a crystalline structure that is insoluble in water and resistant to reagents. There are, however, relatively weak segments of the microfibril with weaker internal bonding. These are called amorphous regions; some argue that they are more accurately called dislocations, because of the single-phase structure of microfibrils. The crystalline region is isolated to produce microcrystalline cellulose.

## Uses

Approved within the European Union as a thickener, stabilizer or emulsifier, microcrystalline cellulose was granted the E number E460(i) with basic cellulose given the number E460.
MCC has use in cosmetics as an abrasive, absorbent, anti-caking agent, aqueous viscosity increasing agent, binder, bulking agent, emulsion stabilizer, slip modifier, and texturizer, which can be found in various hair and skin care products as well as makeup.
The MCC is a valuable additive in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. Different properties of MCC are measured to qualify its suitability to such utilization, namely particle size, density, compressibility index, angle of repose, powder porosity, hydration swelling capacity, moisture sorption capacity, moisture content, crystallinity index, crystallite size, and mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength.

## Synthesis

MCC is pure partially depolymerized cellulose synthesized from α-cellulose precursor. The MCC can be synthesized by different processes such as reactive extrusion, enzyme mediated, mechanical grinding, ultrasonication, steam explosion and acid hydrolysis. The latter process can be done using mineral acids such as H$_2$SO$_4$, HCl and HBr as well as ionic liquids. The role of these reagents is to destroy the amorphous regions leaving the crystalline domains.
The degree of polymerization is typically less than 400. The MCC particles with size lower than 5 μm must not be more than 10%.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are also important to predict the thermal behavior of the MCC upon heat stresses.

## Allergic reactions

At least one case of an allergic reaction to microcrystalline cellulose has been documented.
It has been noted as a potential MCAS excipient trigger depending on the source and processing method of the cellulose.
# Istanbul (disambiguation)

Istanbul is Turkey's largest city.
Istanbul may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Films

* Istanbul (film), a 1957 American drama
* Istanbul, a 1985 Belgian film by Marc Didden

### Games

* Istanbul (board game)

### Literature

* Istanbul (novel), a novel in the Killmaster series
* Istanbul: Memories and the City, a memoir by Orhan Pamuk

### Music

* "Istanbul" (Morrissey song) (2014)
* "Istanbul (Not Constantinople)", a swing-style song with lyrics by Jimmy Kennedy and music by Nat Simon
* Istanbul cymbals, two Turkish instrument brands
** Istanbul Agop Cymbals
* "Instanbul", song by Jay Chou from the 2000 album Jay
* "İstanbul", a 2016 instrumental track by REVen-G

## Education

* Istanbul Technical University, an international technical university founded in 1773
* Istanbul University, a university in Turkey

## Places

* Greater Istanbul
* Historic Areas of Istanbul
* Istanbul Province
* Istanbul Square, Lahore, Pakistan
* Istanbul Vilayet, a historical administrative division in the Ottoman Empire

## Sports

* İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor (football team), a football club owned by the Municipality of Istanbul
* İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (volleyball team), a volleyball club owned by the Municipality of Istanbul
* İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K., a multi-sports club of the metropolitan municipality of Istanbul
* Istanbul Cavaliers, an American football team in Turkey founded in 2005
* İstanbul Güngörenspor, a football club founded in 1983
* Istanbul Maltepespor, a football club founded in 1923
* İstanbul Ottomans, the first ever Turkish rugby union team established in 1999
* Istanbul Paten Kulübü, an ice hockey sports club established 1987
* İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi B.K., a basketball team of the Istanbul Technical University

## Transportation

* Canal Istanbul, an artificial waterway project
* İstanbul Haydarpaşa Terminal, terminus railway station at the Asian part of Istanbul
* Istanbul Hezarfen Airfield, an airport for general aviation located in the Çatalca district of Istanbul
* Istanbul LRT, a light metro system at the European part of Istanbul
* Istanbul Monorail, a cancelled monorail system in Istanbul
* Istanbul Metro, mass-transit underground railway network
* Istanbul Sirkeci Terminal, terminus railway station at the European part of Istanbul

## Religion

* Apostolic Vicariate of Istanbul, a Roman Catholic apostolic vicariate based in Istanbul, Turkey
* Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Istanbul, also known as Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Constantinople, serves Armenian Catholics in Turkey under the Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia

## Other uses

* Declaration of Istanbul, a declaration providing ethical guidelines for practice in organ donation and transplantation
* Istanbul Stock Exchange, a corporation in Turkey for securities exchange
# Rise And Fall Of A Decade (album)

Rise And Fall Of A Decade is the debut studio album by French band Rise and Fall of a Decade. It was first released in 1990, through the French record label Lively Art, (the parent label of New Rose Records) of artists with up and coming new wave, electronic and industrial sounds. It was recorded at Unity Mitford Studio in France.
# Agency

Agency may refer to:

## Organizations

* Institution, governmental or others
** Advertising agency or marketing agency, a service business dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising for its clients
** Employment agency, a business that serves as a representative, acting on behalf of another
** Government agency, a department of a local or national government responsible for the oversight and administration of a specific function
*** Central Intelligence Agency, nicknamed "The Agency"
** International agency, an inter-governmental body
** News agency
** Talent agency
* Highways Agency (now National Highways), manages motorways and some major roads in England

## Social science

* Agency, the abstract principle that autonomous beings, agents, are capable of acting by themselves; see Autonomy
* Agency (law), a person acting on behalf of another person
* Agency (moral), capacity for making moral judgments
* Agency (philosophy), the capacity of an autonomous agent to act, relating to action theory in philosophy
* Agency (psychology), the ability to act independently
* Agency (sociology), the ability of social actors to make independent choices, relating to action theory in sociology
* Agency and structure, ability of an individual to organize future situations and resource distribution

## Places

* Agency (administrative division)
* Agency, Iowa, US
* Agency, Missouri, US
* Agency, Montana, US
* Agency Township (disambiguation), name of townships in four US states

## Arts, entertainment and media

* Agency (novel), a science fiction novel by William Gibson
* The Agency (comics)
* The Agency: Covert Ops, a spy-themed massively multiplayer online shooter video game

### Film and television

* Agency (film), 1980 Canadian film starring Lee Majors
* The Agency (2001 TV series), an American action-drama
* The Agency (2007 TV series), an American reality series
* Morgana Robinson's The Agency, a 2016 British TV mockumentary
* The Agency, a fictional government organization in the 2000 TV series The Invisible Man
* Agency (South Korean TV series), a 2023 television series
* The Agency (2024 TV series), an American espionage thriller

## Other uses

* Agency in Mormonism, "the privilege of choice... introduced by God"
* Agency security, securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises, often simply referred to as "Agency"
* Agency debt, US government-sponsored agency bonds
# Hemeraia hemera

Crenicichla hemera is a species of cichlid native to South America. It is found in the Amazon River basin, in the upper Aripuanã River and in the Madeira River drainage. This species reaches a length of 9.7 cm (3.8 in).
# SSP Group

SSP is an operator of food and beverage outlets in travel locations. The company, headquartered in London, England, is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

## History

The business was established as a division of Scandinavian airline SAS Group under the name of SAS Catering in 1961. Its Select Service Partner (SSP) division was acquired by Compass Group in May 1993 for £72 million. Compass then merged SSP with several other companies it owned, including Travellers Fare, British Rail's former catering division which had been privatised under a management buy-out in 1988 before being bought by Compass in 1992. In 2006 the business was bought by EQT AB for £1.822 billion. The company was the subject of an initial public offering in 2014.
In 2023, SSP announced its entry to the Italian and Icelandic market. The company also announced its expansion in North America with the acquisition of the concessions business of Midfield Concession Enterprises Inc. (“MCE”) and, later in 2023, the acquisition of the Calgary-based business ECG Ventures Limited.
In 2024, SSP entered into an agreement to acquire 100% of the shares of Airport Retail Enterprises Pty Ltd (“ARE”) in Australia.

## Operations

SSP has a portfolio of brands, including its own and those it franchises. Brands range from well-known grab ‘n’ go sandwich shops and cafés to casual dining restaurants and bespoke high-end concepts. SSP operates international brands, national brands and local heroes, which are prominent brands in specific markets, as well as brands and concepts it has created. Some examples are:
* Le Grand Comptoir
* Upper Crust
* Caffè Ritazza
* Starbucks
* Burger King
* YO! Sushi
* Le Train Bleu
* UrbanCrave
* Millies Cookies
* Nippon Ramen
* Marks & Spencer
* Tortilla