# Venetia Stanley (1887–1948)

Beatrice Venetia Stanley Montagu (22 August 1887 – 3 August 1948) was a British aristocrat and socialite best known for the many letters that Prime Minister H. H. Asquith wrote to her between 1910 and 1915.

## Life

The youngest daughter of Edward Lyulph Stanley, 4th Baron Sheffield and Stanley of Alderley, Venetia was a namesake and collateral descendant of Venetia Stanley (1600–1633).
Venetia’s father was the son of Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley. The 4th baron’s sister, Hon. (Henrietta) Blanche Stanley (30 July 1830 – 5 January 1921), married David Ogilvy, 10th Earl of Airlie, and was the grandmother of Clementine Churchill. Therefore, Venetia was Clementine’s first cousin, once removed. Venetia served as bridesmaid at the wedding of Clementine to Winston Churchill, and thereafter remained friendly with Clementine and Winston.
Venetia met Asquith through her close friendship with his daughter, Violet. Asquith, who enjoyed writing letters to women in high society, began his correspondence with Venetia in 1910. However, Venetia was just one of several women who received Asquith's letters until 1912, when she went on a trip to Sicily with Asquith, Violet and Edwin Montagu, a Liberal MP who was one of Asquith's protégés. It seems that on this trip both Asquith and Montagu fell in love with Venetia.
During the next three years, Asquith wrote more and more frequently to Venetia, even during Cabinet meetings. Venetia seems to have written to Asquith almost as often, but Asquith apparently destroyed Venetia's letters on a regular basis to maintain confidentiality. There has been a debate since 1982 as to whether the affair was sexually consummated or not. At the same time, Montagu was attempting to court Venetia and unsuccessfully proposed marriage to her in 1913. Venetia liked Montagu but did not reciprocate his love. Also, Montagu had to marry within his Jewish faith to keep his inheritance. Although Venetia was from a freethinking family and was not a devout Anglican, conversion to Judaism seemed too great a barrier.
Asquith's epistolary obsession with Venetia (by early 1915, he was writing her up to three letters a day) was not just an emotional dependence. He also sought her advice on how to deal with his political colleagues and even on questions of military strategy in the First World War. The letters he wrote to her during Cabinet meetings are often the only minutes of those meetings that exist and a crucial source of historical information on the formation of British strategy during the war. Although Venetia was intelligent, well-read, and keenly interested in politics, she apparently felt overwhelmed by Asquith's demands. As a result, she finally accepted Montagu's proposal on 28 April 1915 and wrote to Asquith about her decision on 12 May.

### War service

In January 1915 Venetia commenced three months nurse training as a paying probationer at The London Hospital, Whitechapel under matron Eva Luckes. After her training Venetia signed up as a VAD nurse with the British Red Cross Society and served both overseas at No 4 Red Cross Hospital, in Wimereux, France in 1915, and at home in Charing Cross and Rutland Hospitals in 1916.

### Marriage

After converting to Judaism, Venetia married Montagu on 26 July 1915. She was unhappy in her marriage and had several affairs, including one with the press magnate Lord Beaverbrook. In 1923, she bore a daughter, Judith, who was said to be the child of William Humble Eric Ward, then Viscount Ednam and later 3rd Earl of Dudley. Judith grew up to befriend Princess Margaret during the Second World War and marry the American photographer Milton Gendel, with whom she created an artistic salon in Italy.
Despite Venetia's affairs, her marriage lasted until Montagu's premature death in 1924. Once a widow, she renewed her friendship with Asquith. Asquith's final excursion before his death in 1928 was a visit to her. The same year, the Liberal Party invited her to stand as a parliamentary candidate for South Norfolk, where she had inherited Montagu's country house in Attleborough, but she declined the offer.
After being widowed, she took an interest in flying. In 1931, she embarked on a 6,000-mile adventure in a DH Gypsy Moth piloted by Rupert Belleville. The journey took them across Russia, the Middle East and Persia. Of the journey she said, "We are going for fun only, in the simplest, cheapest, and most modern way of seeing the world".
Venetia Stanley Montagu died of cancer in 1948, shortly before her 61st birthday.
The trove of Asquith's many letters to Venetia came to light after Venetia's death. Venetia's daughter Judy Montagu surprised Sir Martin Gilbert, the official biographer of Winston Churchill, by turning up with a laundry basket full of the letters.