OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# V. P. Balagangadharan

Vannadil Puthiyaveettil "V. P." Balagangadharan (born 20 January 1950) is a space scientist, author, and speaker from India, known for his contributions to propellant research, technology transfer, and science communication. He has worked with the Indian Space Research Organisation for over four decades in various roles.

## Education

After finishing his schooling at AV Smaraka Govt. Higher Secondary School, Karivellur, and Pre-Degree from Payyanur College, Balagangadharan joined Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode in 1967, from where he completed his Bachelor of Science in Chemistry in 1970. While working at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, he completed his Master of Science in Chemistry from Pune University in 1989.

## Career

Balagangadharan started his career as an Analytical Chemist at Bombay Oil Industries, Angamaly in 1971. In 1972, he joined Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre as a Scientific Assistant in its Propellant Engineering Division, later Analytical & Spectroscopy Division. After almost four decades of service, in 2010, he superannuated as the Group Head, Technology Transfer and Documentation Division at the centre. Post superannuation, he held the emeritus role as Prof. Brahm Prakash Scientist—two stints, separated by a one year role as Consultant and Advisor (Media & Communications)—till 2014.
He was formerly the Chairman of the Patent Advisory Committee of the Government of Kerala.

## Science communication

He has over 30 research publications in the area of Analytical chemistry. He has delivered over three hundred talks, and shows on All India Radio and Doordarshan. He has lectured across India on India's space history and Intellectual Property Rights. He has also written many articles in the print media on popular science, space research and IPR.

## Books

* Rockets and Beyond, 2012, Vigyan Prasar
* Mangalyaan:Oru Shastragnante Kurippukal, 2015, Jnaneswari Publications
* From Fishing Hamlet To Red Planet, 2016, HarperCollins
* Indian Bahirakasa Gaveshana Charithram, 2018, DC Books
* Chandrayaan-2, 2019, DC Books
* Ever Upwards: ISRO in Images, 2019, Orient Blackswan
* Panthranduper Chandranil, 2021, Priyatha Books
* Kuttikalude Rocket Pusthakam, 2021, Jnaneswari Publications
* Chinnalu Kanda Rocket, 2022, GV Books
* Vikram Sarabhai Rocketil Oru Jeevitham, 2022, GV Books
* Indian Rocketinte Shilpikal, 2024, DC Books

## Awards and honours

Kerala State Science Literature Award, 2015, Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment Fellow, Kerala Academy of Sciences
HEMSI-MR Kurup Endowment Award, 2021 for contributions to the area of solid propellants
# Gmina Olesno, Opole Voivodeship

Gmina Olesno is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Olesno County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Olesno, which lies approximately 42 kilometres (26 mi) north-east of the regional capital Opole.
The gmina covers an area of 240.8 square kilometres (93.0 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 17,726.

## Villages

Apart from the town of Olesno, Gmina Olesno contains the villages and settlements of Bodzanowice, Borki Małe, Borki Wielkie, Boroszów, Broniec, Grodzisko, Kolonia Łomnicka, Kucoby, Leśna, Łomnica, Łowoszów, Sowczyce, Stare Olesno, Świercze, Wachów, Wachowice, Wojciechów and Wysoka.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Olesno is bordered by the gminas of Ciasna, Dobrodzień, Gorzów Śląski, Kluczbork, Krzepice, Lasowice Wielkie, Przystajń, Radłów and Zębowice.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Gmina Olesno is twinned with:
* Arnsberg, Germany
* Zalakaros, Hungary
* Otice, Zbyslavice, Jezdkovice, Czechia
# Frederick Robb

Major-General Sir Frederick Spencer Wilson Robb, KCB, KCMG, KCVO (8 October 1858 – 8 February 1948) was a senior British Army officer who went on to be Military Secretary.

## Early life and education

Robb was born in St George Hanover Square, London, the son of Capt. John Robb, Naval aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria, and Mary Ann Boulton, daughter of manufacturer Matthew Robinson Boulton. He was educated at Harrow School, Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and the Royal Military College Sandhurst.

## Military career

Robb was commissioned into the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) in August 1880.
He became adjutant of his regiment in 1890 before going on to be a brigade major at Aldershot in 1892. Appointed a staff captain in the intelligence division at army headquarters in 1895, he became Deputy Assistant Adjutant General at Army Headquarters in 1896.
Robb took part in the Nile expedition in 1898, and was then placed on half-pay and promoted to lieutenant colonel on 16 November 1898. In early 1902 he became Assistant Adjutant General at Army Headquarters, with the substantive rank of colonel dated 1 January 1902. For his service in organizing troops during the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, he was invested as a Member (fourth class) of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO) two days after the ceremony, on 11 August 1902. He was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general and appointed commander of the 11th Infantry Brigade, as well as the Colchester Garrison, and was placed in charge of Administration at Aldershot in 1910. He became Assistant Chief of the Imperial General Staff in 1914.
Robb served in World War I, was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on 5 August 1914, and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in February 1915. He served as Military Secretary and was then placed in charge of Administration at Eastern Command in 1916, in succession to Major-General Richard M. Ruck. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in June 1919 retired that year.
Robb was also Colonel of the Durham Light Infantry from January 1923 to 1928.
# Pobeda, Leningrad Oblast

60°21′N 29°25′E﻿ / ﻿60.350°N 29.417°E﻿ / 60.350; 29.417 Pobeda (Russian: Побе́да; Finnish: Kanneljärvi) is a rural locality on Karelian Isthmus, in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, served by the station Kanneljärvi of the Saint Petersburg–Vyborg railroad. Until the Winter War and Continuation War, it had been the administrative center of the Kanneljärvi municipality of the Viipuri province of Finland.

## Name

Pobeda's name has some possible origins:
* Побе́да is the Russian word for "victory".
* It could also mean "a settlement on a hill" based on the sand hill nearby.
* The Finnish pronunciation of Kanneljärvi sounds like the Swedish skante, meaning "dry, skinny hill".

## History

For about 480 years, Pobeda belonged to Finland, particularly Äyräpää. After World War I however, Pobeda and surrounding villages were merged into the RSFSR, causing complaints.
# Nobili

Nobili is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anna Maria Nobili (born 1949), Italian physicist
* Antonio dei Nobili (born 2001), Italian Paralympic athlete
* Brian Nobili (born 1976), American photographer
* Bruno Nobili (born 1949), Italian-Venezuelan footballer and manager
* Durante Nobili, 16th-century Italian painter
* Elena Nobili (1833–1900), Italian painter
* Gaudenzio Nobili (1912–2021), Italian centenarian
* Gilberto Nobili, Italian sailor and engineer
* Giuseppe Nobili (1877–1908) Italian zoologist
* John Nobili (1812–1856), Italian Roman Catholic priest
* Leopoldo Nobili (1784–1835), Italian physicist
* Luciano Nobili (1933–2016), Italian footballer
* Luciano Nobili (politician) (born 1977), Italian politician
* Natale Nobili (1935–2021), Italian football player and manager
* Nella Nobili (1926–1985), Italian poet and writer
* Riccardo Nobili (1859–1939), Italian painter, writer and antiquarian
* Roberto de Nobili (1577–1656), Italian Christian missionary to Southern India
* Tito Oro Nobili (1882–1967), Italian politician
# Howard P. Grant

Howard P. Grant was an African American civil engineer.

## Early life and education

Grant moved to Los Angeles, California after serving in the Air Force with his family. He was the first African American graduate with a bachelor of science in engineering from University of California, Berkeley in 1948. Another accomplishment in the year of 1948 included him becoming the first black member of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

## Career

After college, Grant worked as the first African American civil engineer for many departments including the City and County of San Francisco and the San Francisco Water Department until 1984. He became the second black man to obtain a civil engineer license by the State of California. He also served the California Society of Professional Engineers as the President and Treasurer. In addition to his accomplishments, he was one of the founders and President of North California Council of Black Professional Engineers, also known as NCCBPE, from 1970 to 1973. This group's mission is to catalyze the careers of African Americans adults and youth within the engineer career field through community education about science and engineering. These accomplishments led to his reputation of being an inspiration and mentor for the state of California and the nation. Grant also served as a board member of the Engineering Societies Committee for Manpower Training, Big Brothers, Hunter's Point's Boy's Club, and Urban League's scholarship committee for San Francisco.
# Ammonium thiocyanate

Ammonium thiocyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula [NH$_4$]$^+$[SCN]$^−$. It is an ammonium salt of thiocyanic acid. It consists of ammonium cations [NH$_4$]$^+$ and thiocyanate anions [SCN]$^−$.

## Uses

Ammonium thiocyanate is used in the manufacture of herbicides, thiourea, and transparent artificial resins; in matches; as a stabilizing agent in photography; in various rustproofing compositions; as an adjuvant in textile dyeing and printing; as a tracer in oil fields; in the separation of hafnium from zirconium (important for the production of hafnium-free zircalloy for use in nuclear fuel cladding), and in titrimetric analyses.
In May 1945, USAAF General Victor E. Betrandias advanced a proposal to his superior General Arnold to use of ammonium thiocyanate to reduce rice crops in Japan as part of the bombing raids on their country.
Ammonium thiocyanate can also be used to determine the iron content in soft drinks by colorimetry.
Ammonium thiocyanate may also be used to separate quinidine, from liquors, after the isolation of quinine from the neutral, aqueous, sulphate solution. The salt is added to the hot solution and the gummy solid that forms is strained off from the liquid. The solid is then refluxed with methanol, which dissolves most of the impurities, leaving the quinidine thiocyanate as a crystalline solid of 90 - 95% purity. Following separation, (usually by centrifuge) the solid may then be further purified to pharmaceutical quality. (Quinidine is used for the treatment of heart arrhythmia and therefore has considerable value.)

## Preparation

Ammonium thiocyanate is made by the reaction of carbon disulfide with aqueous ammonia. Ammonium dithiocarbamate is formed as an intermediate in this reaction, which upon heating, decomposes to ammonium thiocyanate and hydrogen sulfide:
CS$_2$ + 2 NH$_3$(aq) → [NH$_2$−CS$_2$]$^−$[NH$_4$]$^+$ → [NH$_4$]$^+$[SCN]$^−$ + H$_2$S

## Reactions

Ammonium thiocyanate is stable in air; however, upon heating it isomerizes to thiourea:
The equilibrium mixtures at 150 °C and 180 °C contain 30.3% and 25.3% (by weight) thiourea, respectively. When heated at 200 °C, the dry powder decomposes to ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide, leaving a residue of guanidinium thiocyanate.
[NH$_4$]$^+$[SCN]$^−$ is weakly acidic due to the ammonium ion; it reacts with alkali hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to form sodium thiocyanate or potassium thiocyanate, along with water and ammonia. The thiocyanate anion, specifically, reacts with ferric salts to form a deep-red ferric thiocyanate derivative (of unknown structure).
# Gostun

Gostun was a regent over the Bulgars for 2 years.
Little else is known about him. It is possible that Gostun is an alternative name of Organa, who according to some Byzantine sources was a regent over the Bulgars until Kubrat's return from Constantinople and was also member of the Ermi clan.
Gostun Point on Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Gostun.
# Caladenia xantholeuca

Caladenia xantholeuca, commonly known as Flinders fingers, is a species of orchid endemic to South Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and up to four white flowers with green backs. There are two populations which are isolated from each other and may prove, with further research to be separate species.

## Description

Caladenia xantholeuca is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hairy, bright green leaf, 150–240 mm long and 5–7 mm wide. Up to four white flowers with green backs and 17–24 mm long and 20-30 wide are borne on a stalk 150–250 mm tall. The dorsal sepal is erect, 12–16 mm long and 3–4 mm wide. The lateral sepals are 17–21 mm long, 5–6 mm wide and held at an angle below horizontal. The petals are 16–18 mm long, about 4 mm wide and spread horizontally. The labellum is 6–7 mm long, 6–8 mm wide and white with a yellow tip which has a few blunt teeth and curves downward. The sides of the labellum turn upwards and surround the column and there are two rows of yellow calli up to about 1.5 mm long along its mid-line. Flowering occurs from September to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia xantholeuca was first described in 1998 by David Jones from a specimen collected in Telowie Gorge and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research. The specific epithet (xantholeuca) is derived from the Ancient Greek words xanthos meaning "yellow"$^{:872}$ and leukos meaning "white"$^{:856}$ referring to the white flower with yellow parts of the labellum.

## Distribution and habitat

There are three known populations of Flinders fingers, two in the Mount Remarkable National Park and one in the Telowie Gorge Conservation Park, each with about 80 plants, but the orchid has rarely been seen since 1982 because of extended droughts and lack of fire. A photograph taken in 2011 was confirmed as a sighting.
There are slight differences between the orchids in Telowie Gorge and those on Mount Remarkable and it may be that in the future they are recognised as separate species.

## Conservation status

Caladenia xantholeuca is classified as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "endangered" and "possibly extinct", under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act.
# Mandy Versteegt

Mandy Versteegt (born 23 February 1990) is a former Dutch footballer. She played as a striker for BeNe League club AFC Ajax and the Netherlands national team.

## Club career

She played for FC Utrecht in the Eredivisie before moving to AFC Ajax in 2012 to play in the first season of the BeNe League. She retired from football aged 26 after losing interest in football.

## International career

Versteegt made her first appearance for the senior Netherlands women's national football team on 15 February 2012, a 2–1 friendly defeat to France in Nîmes.
She was called up to be part of the national team for the UEFA Women's Euro 2013.

## Career statistics
### International

Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Netherlands | 2012 | 2 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 2013 | 1 | 0 |
| Netherlands | 2014 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 6 | 0 |

## Honours
### Club
#### FC Utrecht

Winner
* KNVB Women's Cup: 2009–2010
# Henry Turner (endocrinologist)

Henry Hubert Turner (August 28, 1892 – August 4, 1970) was an American endocrinologist, noted for his published description of Turner syndrome in 1938 at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Internal Secretions. He served as chief of endocrinology and as associate dean of the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine from 1924.
Turner was born in Harrisburg, Illinois. He received his medical education at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, graduating in 1921. He died in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1970, 24 days before his 78th birthday.
# Mühlhiasl

Mühlhiasl (or Muehlhiasl) of Apoig (September 16, 1753 – 1805 in Zwiesel) was a Bavarian prophet. Historians are uncertain as to whether Mühlhiasl and the legendary Bavarian cowherd and seer Matthias Stormberger (b. 1753) are actually the same. Stormberger was a German peasant mystic and charcoal burner who lived in Bavaria and made prophecies about the towns and villages where he lived. He made reference to the future in descriptions of the Deggendorf–Kalteneck railway that would be built through the forest where he lived between Kalenneck and Deggendorf.

## Cultural references

The character Mühlhiasl was the subject of a film by the film director Werner Herzog adapted from a story by Herbert Achternbusch. The film Herz aus Glas (1976) tells the story of a bankrupt glass works in a small village in Bavaria. The main character based on Mühlhiasl is called "Hias".
# Gene Stack

Eugene Stack (December 14, 1916 – June 26, 1942) was a pitcher in Minor League Baseball who played for the Chicago White Sox organization. He became the first player from a major league roster to be drafted during World War II and also the first to die in service.
A native of Saginaw, Michigan, Stack signed a professional contract with the Lubbock Hubbers of the West Texas–New Mexico League in 1940. He enjoyed a solid rookie season, winning 19 games and striking out 238 batters in 146.0 innings. Late in the year, Chicago White Sox manager Jimmy Dykes announced that the promising youngster had been invited to join the White Sox team in 1941 at their Pasadena, California spring training camp. But at the end of December 1940, Stack received his draft notice from the U.S. Army and was ordered to report to Fort Custer at Battle Creek, Michigan, on January 7, 1941. He served as a corporal in the United States area.
While serving, Stack became a mainstay of the Fort Custer Reception Center baseball team, with a line-up that included future Hall of Famer Hank Greenberg and minor leaguers Bob Ogle, Truman Connell and Jack Egan. The team was coached by Captain George Zegolis, a former Wayne State University player. The Fort Custer team won the national amateur championship of the American Baseball Congress on September 29, 1941 with a 3–2 victory over the Charlotte, North Carolina team. It was the last time the amateur World Series was held until after the war.
Stack continued to pitching for Camp Custer in 1942, and on June 26, the team traveled to Michigan City, Indiana for an evening game against the Michigan City Cubs. Stack allowed eight hits that night and was beaten 5–2. Returning to the camp, the team stopped at the Gingham Inn on the outskirts of Michigan City. Stack got up, put a coin in the jukebox and returned to his table. Suddenly, he slumped to the floor, after appearing to suffer a heart attack. An autopsy later revealed that Stack had actually died from pneumonia.

## Sources

* ↑ Baseball in Wartime
* ↑ Baseball in Wartime; Gene Stack
# Tamatea High School

Tamatea High School is a state secondary co-educational school located in Napier, New Zealand. The school was opened in 1975.
Jesse Te Weehi has been the principal since 2024 (term 2) He was previously Deputy Principal at Te Aute College and Head of Māori at Napier Boys' High School. Since Matua Robin started the school roll has consolidated and is currently 310 boys and girls. The school has a reputation for being a whānau (family) community. The classes are typically around 20-25 students and smaller in the senior school. The school population is 55% Māori, 38% Pākehā with the rest of the students being Pasifika and Asian.
Tamatea High School is committed to giving effect to Te Tiriti o Waitangi. This means that the school is working to ensure that mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) has parity with Western knowledge. The curriculum has a strong focus on te reo Māori (Māori language), tikanga Māori (Māori culture), local Māori histories, waiata and haka. Building a strong cultural identity is important for all students but especially Māori and Pasifika students is a foundation for academic success. The school sees this as an essential element of being a good treaty partner.
Students have a strong voice in the school which means they influence everything from the learning programmes to uniform changes to property programmes. The whānau of students are included in the goal setting process and tracking of progress. Three times a year whānau are invited to half hour conferences with Whānau Group Teachers. In these conferences students lead the conversation about their learning progress and next steps. Regular communication with families is encouraged.
The school has three overarching goals:
* All school leavers have meaningful pathways.
* Accelerating the literacy and numeracy of junior students.
* Improving engagement in classrooms.
Typical student pathways include university, further training through the programmes at the Eastern Institute of Technology (EIT) or direct entry to employment. Student learning programmes are informed by their school leaver goals.

## Former principals

* Matua Robin Fabish (2015-2024)(began Sept 2015, left end of Term One 2024)
* Ms Nicola Ngarewa (2010–2015) (left end of Term One 2015)
* Mr Chris Nielson (2006–2010)
* Mrs J S Paterson (2001–2006)
* Mr R Roscoe (1995–2001)
* Mr B Haque (1992–1995) (left partway through first term to take up position at Rosehill College, Auckland)
* Mr W Dimery (1988–1991)
* Mr J Ryan (1975–1988)
# Danita Paner

Rafaelita Danita Gomez Paner (born April 2, 1989) is a Filipino pop-rock singer and actress. She is the daughter of former basketball player Manny Paner and actress Daisy Romualdez, and ex-girlfriend of Vanjoe Besmonte, sister of Kristina Paner and brother of Karl Paner. She has an album produced by VIVA Records named Promotor containing 10 tracks which includes the songs "Lunod", "Kung Wala Na Nga", a cover of Prettier Than Pink's "Cool Ka Lang" and Rivermaya's "Himala". Paner made her debut teleserye appearance via TV5's My Driver Sweet Lover opposite JC de Vera. As of 2015, she has been seen on ABS-CBN.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 2010 | My Driver Sweet Lover | Gabrielle 'Gaby' Barrinuevo/Bea | TV5 |
| 2010 | P.O.5 | Herself | TV5 |
| 2011 | Fan*tastik | Herself | TV5 |
| 2011 | Luv Crazy Presents: Love vs. Zombies | Zoey | TV5 |
| 2011–2012 | Hey it's Saberdey! | Herself | TV5 |
| 2011 | Pidol's Wonderland: Poster Boy | Alyssa | TV5 |
| 2011 | Maynila | Mia | GMA Network |
| 2011 | Star Confessions: Stigmata | Lalaine Bianca Lapus | TV5 |
| 2011 | Carlo J. Caparas' Bangis | Maya | TV5 |
| 2012 | Isang Dakot Na Luha | Angela San Diego | TV5 |
| 2014 | Beki Boxer | Chloe | TV5 |
| 2016 | Ipaglaban Mo: Sabik | Dang | ABS-CBN |
| 2016 | Ipaglaban Mo: Tiwala | Grace | ABS-CBN |
| 2016 | Maalaala Mo Kaya: Pole | Mitch | ABS-CBN |
| 2016 | ASAP | Herself / co-host / Performer | ABS-CBN |
| 2016 | Be My Lady | Monica | ABS-CBN |
| 2016 | Magpahanggang Wakas | Leila Asuncion | ABS-CBN |
| 2017 | Ipaglaban Mo: Pagkakasala | Roxanne | ABS-CBN |
| 2017 | La Luna Sangre | Lilia Agustin | ABS-CBN |
| 2017 | Eat Bulaga! | Herself/Bulagaan Olympics Contestant | GMA Network |
| 2018 | Ipaglaban Mo: Kadugo | Cary | ABS-CBN |
| 2018 | Precious Hearts Romances Presents: Los Bastardos | young Pilar Perez | ABS-CBN |
| 2018 | Maalaala Mo Kaya: Anting-anting | Mila | ABS-CBN |
| 2019 | Maalaala Mo Kaya: Family Portrait | Rosalyn "Anna" M. Angara | ABS-CBN |
| 2019 | Maalaala Mo Kaya: Kumelavoo | Kara | ABS-CBN |
| 2020-2021 | Paano ang Pangako? | Andi | TV5 |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Producer |
| 2014 | Moron 5.2: The Transformation | Amor | Viva Films |
| 2018 | Miss Granny | Phoebe | Viva Films |
| 2019 | Just a Stranger | | Viva Films |
| 2023 | Instant Daddy | Julie | Viva Films |