OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lumber Exchange Building

The Lumber Exchange Building was the first skyscraper built in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, dating to 1885. It was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style by Franklin B. Long and Frederick Kees and was billed as one of the first fireproof buildings in the country. It is the oldest high-rise building standing in Minneapolis, and is the oldest building outside of New York City with 12 or more floors.
Franklin Long had formerly worked with Charles F. Haglin, while Frederick Kees had worked with Leroy Buffington for about four years. The partnership of Long and Kees, lasting from 1884 to 1897, was particularly successful and led to the construction of many of the largest buildings in the city in the 1880s and 1890s. Other buildings by these partners included the Public Library (1884), Masonic Temple (1888) (now the Hennepin Center for the Arts), Flour Exchange (1893–1897), Minneapolis City Hall (1889), and the Kasota Block (1884).
The building was built in multiple stages. Originally a tall, thin structure, an additional wing was added in 1890. Later, two stories were added at the top of the building. James Lileks, Minneapolis writer and architectural critic, says,
   It's one of the few survivors from the early skyscraper era – and perhaps the ugliest. Of all the buildings on Hennepin, it's the least significant; across the street, the Masonic Temple – a near contemporary – is far more intriguing. The Lumber Exchange survived, though; perhaps it was just too big to knock down. It survived a fire, disrepair, neglect … it just won't go away."
The Lumber Exchange Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Damansara Utama (state constituency)

Damansara Utama was a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that had been represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly since 1986 until 2018.
The state constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.
In the 2018 redelineation exercise, this constituency was redistributed to Bandar Utama

## History

It was abolished in 2018 when it was redistributed

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Damansara Utama :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Petaling Jaya ||||
| 7th | 1986-1990 | M. Madhavan Nair | DAP |
| 8th | 1990-1995 | M. Madhavan Nair | GR (DAP) |
| 9th | 1995-1999 | Oon Hong Geok | GR (DAP) |
| 10th | 1999-2004 | Lim Choon Kin | BN (MCA) |
| 11th | 2004-2008 | Lim Choon Kin | BN (MCA) |
| 12th | 2008-2013 | Cheah Wing Yin | PR (DAP) |
| 13th | 2013-2018 | Yeo Bee Yin | PR (DAP) |
| Constituency renamed to Bandar Utama ||||
# Magnolia Hotel (Dallas, Texas)

The Magnolia Hotel (sometimes called the Magnolia Building, originally the Magnolia Petroleum Building) is a 29-story, Beaux-Arts style, upscale hotel in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas, that for many years was the tallest building in the state after surpassing the Adolphus Hotel. The structure is a Dallas Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The building, which opened next door to the Adolphus Hotel in August 1922 at a cost of US $4 million, was originally the headquarters for the Magnolia Petroleum Company. In 1934, the company erected its trademark neon Pegasus on the building's roof (the Pegasus logo later became the logo of Mobil Oil who merged with Magnolia Petroleum in 1959) to celebrate the American Petroleum Institute's annual meeting, held in Dallas for the first time. The rotating winged horse came to represent the city of Dallas and became one of its most recognizable and endearing landmarks, even after the building became obscured by much larger skyscrapers (the neon Pegasus can now only be seen in the downtown skyline approaching from the south).
By 1974, however, Pegasus stopped rotating due to mechanical problems and in 1977 the property was sold to the city of Dallas. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
The building was purchased by Denver, Colorado developers in 1997 and was converted into the luxury 330-room Magnolia Hotel.
In 1999, in preparation for Dallas's Millennium Celebration, Pegasus was taken down to be completely restored. However, the sign was beyond repair and a new sign was recreated from scratch. At midnight on 1 January 2000, the new Pegasus, complete with rotation, was lit for the first time. A copy of the original sign, which sat atop a Mobil Oil station in the Casa Linda neighborhood of Dallas for many decades, is now on display at the Old Red Museum.

## Gallery

* Elevator lobby in the Magnolia Building
* Pegasus elevator medallion
* Photo of the roof in which the red pegasus is placed
# Hungarian Defense

The Hungarian Defense is a chess opening that begins with the moves:
    1. e4 e5
    2. Nf3 Nc6
    3. Bc4 Be7
The Hungarian Defense is a line in the Italian Game typically chosen as a quiet response to the aggressive 3.Bc4. With the move 3...Be7, Black avoids the complexities of the Giuoco Piano (3...Bc5), Evans Gambit (3...Bc5 4.b4), and Two Knights Defense (3...Nf6).
White has an advantage in space and freer development, so Black must be prepared to defend a cramped position. According to Harding and Botterill, "The Hungarian Defence can only be played for a draw. White should have an edge in most lines."
The opening is seldom seen in modern play. It has been played on occasion by some grandmasters with strong defensive-positional styles, including Reshevsky, Hort, and former world champions Petrosian and Smyslov.
The variation takes its name from a correspondence game between Paris and Pest, Hungary, played from 1842 to 1845, but was first analyzed by Cozio in the 18th century.

## Main line: 4.d4

White's best response is 4.d4 (4.d3 Nf6 transposes to the Two Knights Defense), seeking advantage in the center. Other moves pose fewer problems for Black: 4.c3 Nf6 (Steinitz), or 4.0-0 Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.d4 Bg4. After 4.d4, Black continues either 4...exd4 or 4...d6.

### 4...exd4

After 4...exd4, 5.Nxd4 would transpose into a variation of the Scotch Game that gives White a spatial advantage. Weaker is 5.c3, hoping for 5...dxc3?! 6.Qd5!, after which Black resigned in the game Midjord–Scharf, Nice Olympiad 1974 (though Black could have tried 6...Nh6 7.Bxh6 0-0 when 8.Bc1? Nb4 9.Qd1 c2 wins back the piece, so White should play 8.Bxg7 Kxg7 9.Nxc3 with advantage). Instead of 5...dxc3, however, Black can play 5...Na5 (recommended by Chigorin), forcing White to give up the bishop pair with 6.Qxd4 or sacrifice a pawn. Also playable is 5...Nf6 6.e5 Ne4 (the Tartakower Variation) 7.Bd5 Nc5 8.cxd4 Ne6 (Evans), but after 9.Bb3 White has the upper hand (Unzicker).

### 4...d6

Alternatively, Black generally tries to hold the center with 4...d6, when White has a choice of plans, each of which should be enough to secure a slight advantage. White can simplify to a slightly better queenless middlegame with 5.dxe5 dxe5 (5...Nxe5? 6.Nxe5 dxe5 7.Qh5! and White's double attack on e5 and f7 wins a pawn) 6.Qxd8+ (6.Bd5!? is also possible) Bxd8 7.Nc3 Nf6, or 7...f6. Or White can close the center with 5.d5 Nb8, followed by Bd3 and expansion on the queenside with c4, resulting in positions resembling those from the Old Indian Defense. Finally, with 5.Nc3 White can retain tension in the center and obtain active piece play.
# Avon, Washington

Avon, Washington is an unincorporated community in Skagit County, Washington, along the Skagit River. Its neighboring towns include Mount Vernon and Burlington. Local historians have speculated that Avon is named after Stratford-upon-Avon.
The Avon area was developed as a waterfront town and logging and docking area on the West side of the Skagit River. The place of the original waterfront area is East of Bennett road and South of Avon St. Before 1879, two log jams East of Mount Vernon blocked the Skagit River further West. Along the docking area, Western Red cedar were cut down, harvested for shingle bolts. After the logging, the land was cleared and Avon became a town.
Early homesteaders of the area were Thomas McCain in 1876 and Charles Conrad in 1881. Arthur Henry Skaling opened a store October 27, 1883, on land he purchased from W.H. Miller who had settled there the year before. According to early resident Ada Hall, W.H. Miller settled this property in 1874 and built the first house there. Soon Avon had a shingle mill, a post office, a boat builder, several stores, an implement company, a newspaper (The Avon Record), a restaurant, a hotel, a barber shop, stage line and two milliners.
Methodists organized a church in 1884, and built the present building dates to 1887 with Rev. Moore giving the dedicatory service. Rev. Vroman was the first regular preacher. The church was originally much closer to the river on the Eastern section of what is now called Avon St. It was moved around 1920 to its present location. By 1889 the population reached 500.
The Avon school was at the SW corner of Avon Allen road and Bennett road. It was built in 1892 and the gymnasium structure is still there. There was also an IOOF Hall built in 1891 and stood at the SE corner of the town, which is now where Bennett road makes a curve to the West. This building is no longer there.
In 1906, the Avon Post Office was closed and transferred to Mount Vernon. After the flooding of 1909 many of the waterfront buildings were moved away from the river to be protected by the newly constructed dike. As the importance of waterways for transportation and industry decreased, and the use of rail and autos increased, the waterfront town of Avon slowly ceased to be a town and became a quiet residential community. Most of the original buildings are no longer there except for a few homes built before 1900, the school gymnasium, and the Methodist church.
# Marquis Miami

Marquis is a skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located in northeastern Downtown, on Biscayne Bay along the west side of Biscayne Boulevard. It was topped out in March 2008. The tower is 679 feet (207 m) tall and contains 67 floors.
The building currently stands as the 5th tallest building in Miami and the state of Florida, behind the Panorama Tower, the Four Seasons Hotel Miami, the Southeast Financial Center, and One Thousand Museum. The building is located across from Museum Park in northern downtown on Biscayne Boulevard between Northeast 11th Street and 12th Street, adjacent to the Eleventh Street Metromover Station.
Levels 1–3 are used by retail & the hotel. Floors 5–14 are used for parking, hotel units and amenities, and floors 15–64 contain residential units. Floors 65-67 contain the upper levels of the penthouses on the 64th level. Many of these penthouses are three or four levels.

## Gallery

* A topped-off Marquis as seen in May 2008
* Tower at night
* Tempo [A Rock Resort] building cut out
# Marriott Marquis San Diego Marina

Marriott Marquis San Diego Marina is a hotel in San Diego, California. In the Marina district of downtown San Diego, the hotel is composed of two towers of equal height. The two towers are the 20th tallest buildings in San Diego and are a prominent fixture in the city's skyline. The 25-story towers have a height of 361 ft (110 m) and contain 1,362 rooms. The hotel is affiliated with Marriott Hotels & Resorts.

## History

The hotel was designed by Welton Becket and Associates, and constructed by developer Doug Manchester. The 681-room North Tower opened in April 1984 as the Inter-Continental San Diego. The hotel faced severe financial difficulties in its early years, and Marriott International assumed management in September 1987, with the hotel renamed the San Diego Marriott Hotel and Marina. The $90 million 683-room South Tower opened in December 1987, doubling the hotel's size and making it the city's largest hotel at the time. The addition was built in anticipation of the adjacent San Diego Convention Center, which opened two years behind schedule, in 1989.
In 2008 Manchester sold the property to Host Hotels & Resorts. In 2011, the hotel was renamed the San Diego Marriott Marquis & Marina. In 2014, Marriott Hall, its largest meeting facility,was expanded to 171,000 square feet of LEED Silver-certified meeting space.

## Marina

The marina is operated by Marriott in concert with the San Diego Port Authority. Its 450 slips accommodate vessels between 25 and 150 feet. Berthed sailors are eligible for all hotel amenities delivered directly to their dock.
# One South Church

One South Church (formally United Bank Tower and UniSource Energy Tower) is a 23 story office building located in Tucson, Arizona.
At 23 stories high, One South Church is the tallest building in Tucson, and is a prominent fixture in the city's skyline. "The Tallest Building Downtown", or the "The One with the Blue Roof" as it is often referred to by locals, is home to a variety of office tenants, including New York Life, Regus, and some of Arizona's largest law firms. The building has its own parking garage located underneath the building.
The building was designed by Fentress Bradbrum Associates of Denver as one of two twin towers in a city center complex. The second tower was never built. Developers of the project were Reliance Development Group of New York and Venture West Group of Tucson. Construction started in 1985 M. M Sundt Construction Company of Tucson was the general contractor. When opened in 1986 the building was known as the United Bank Tower. It was later known as the UniSource Energy Tower
In October 2015, One South Church was acquired by local ownership group 1SC Partners, LLC, managed by Zach Fenton of ZFI Holdings, LLC.
The Leo Kent Hotel opened in the building's bottom 9 floors in 2023.

## Picture gallery

* The One South Church Building and South Church Ave.
# First moment of area

The first moment of area is based on the mathematical construct moments in metric spaces. It is a measure of the spatial distribution of a shape in relation to an axis.
The first moment of area of a shape, about a certain axis, equals the sum over all the infinitesimal parts of the shape of the area of that part times its distance from the axis [Σad].
First moment of area is commonly used to determine the centroid of an area.

## Definition

Given an area, A, of any shape, and division of that area into n number of very small, elemental areas (dA$_i$). Let x$_i$ and y$_i$ be the distances (coordinates) to each elemental area measured from a given x-y axis. Now, the first moment of area in the x and y directions are respectively given by: $S_{x}=A{\bar {y}}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{y_{i}\,dA_{i}}=\int _{A}y\,dA$ and $S_{y}=A{\bar {x}}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}{x_{i}\,dA_{i}}=\int _{A}x\,dA.$
The SI unit for first moment of area is a cubic metre (m$^3$). In the American Engineering and Gravitational systems the unit is a cubic foot (ft$^3$) or more commonly inch$^3$.
The static or statical moment of area, usually denoted by the symbol Q, is a property of a shape that is used to predict its resistance to shear stress. By definition: $Q_{j,x}=\int y_{i}\,dA,$
where
* Q$_{j,x}$ – the first moment of area "j" about the neutral x axis of the entire body (not the neutral axis of the area "j");
* dA – an elemental area of area "j";
* y – the perpendicular distance to the centroid of element dA from the neutral axis x.

### Shear stress in a semi-monocoque structure

The equation for shear flow in a particular web section of the cross-section of a semi-monocoque structure is: $q={\frac {V_{y}S_{x}}{I_{x}}}$
* q – the shear flow through a particular web section of the cross-section
* V$_y$ – the shear force perpendicular to the neutral axis x through the entire cross-section
* S$_x$ – the first moment of area about the neutral axis x for a particular web section of the cross-section
* I$_x$ – the second moment of area about the neutral axis x for the entire cross-section
Shear stress may now be calculated using the following equation: $\tau ={\frac {q}{t}}$
* $\tau$ – the shear stress through a particular web section of the cross-section
* q – the shear flow through a particular web section of the cross-section
* t – the thickness of a particular web section of the cross-section at the point being measured
# 1983 Lifesaving World Championships

The 1983 Lifesaving World Championships were held between 17 and 21 April 1983, on the island of Oahu in Hawaii, United States of America. Twenty-two ocean and beach events were contested at several beach venues, including: North Beach; Makapuu Beach; Waikiki; and Bellows Beach.
# The Life of Flavius Josephus

The Life of (Flavius) Josephus (Greek: Ἰωσήπου βίος Iosepou bios), also called the "Life of Flavius Josephus", or simply Vita, is an autobiographical text written by Josephus in approximately 94-99 CE – possibly as an appendix to his Antiquities of the Jews (cf. Life 430) – where the author for the most part re-visits the events of the War, apparently in response to allegations made against him by Justus of Tiberias (cf. Life 336).

## Editions

* William Whiston, The whole genuine works of Flavius Josephus, Vol. 3, Blackie, 1859, p. 192f.
# Askar Camp

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Askar (Arabic: مخيم عسكر) is a Palestinian refugee camp. It is located on the outskirts of the West Bank city of Nablus and was established in 1950 on 119 dunums of land. Residents of the camp refer to this as “New Askar”.

## History
### Ancient period

Askar is identified with Ein Sukkar, an ancient settlement featured in the Mishnah and Talmud, as well as in the New Testament. Thanks to its fertility, the Ein Sukkar Valley is mentioned in Rabbinic literature as a place from which the grain was brought as a wave offering to the Temple when no barley was found in a place closer to Jerusalem. In later years, a Samaritan settlement was established on the site; according to ancient Samaritan writings, the town was inhabited by Samaritan High Priests. A Samaritan mausoleum, still in use during the fourth century CE, was found at the site.
The name Askar preserves the ancient name of Ein Sukkar.
Schenke believed that Askar was first settled during the early Iron Age. However, Campbell dated the settlement to the Hellenistic period.

### Modern history

During the Second Intifada and 2002 Operation Defensive Shield, camps such as Askar were a source of considerable activity from Palestinian militants. IDF incursions are still common in Askar refugee camp and are generally conducted for the purposes of interrogating individuals or arresting suspected militants who Israeli authorities consider to be affiliated with listed terrorist organisations.
The UNRWA has several installations in Askar refugee camp including schools and health clinics. In addition to these, the camp has several of its own community centers including the Center of Peace and Development located in New Askar. International volunteer work camps are run at the center annually which are hosted by the An-Najah National University.
According to the PCBC, the population of the camp is 11,304.
# Sony Xperia M5

The Sony Xperia M5 is a water & dust resistant high-range Android smartphone manufactured by Sony serving as the successor to the Xperia M4 Aqua. The phone was unveiled on 3 August 2015 along with the Xperia C5 Ultra. The phone is marketed as a “super mid-range” phone, which is between its predecessor, the M4 Aqua, and the flagship, the Xperia Z5.
Like its predecessor, the Xperia M4 Aqua, the Xperia M5 is waterproof and dustproof, and has an IP rating of IP65 and IP68. The key highlight of the phone is the 21.5 megapixel rear camera and ISO 3200 along with 0.25 second Hybrid Autofocus that utilizes phase detection autofocus.

## Specifications
### Hardware

The Xperia M5 features a 5.0 inch (130 mm) 1080p display. It is dust and water proof with an IP rating of IP65 and IP68 and is powered by the 2.0 GHz octa-core MediaTek HelioX10 MT6795 processor which is backed by 3 GBs of RAM. The M5 includes a non-removable 2600 mAh battery. The rear camera of the M5 is 21.5 megapixel with a Sony Exmor RS image sensor along with ISO 3200 and f/2.2 aperture. The devices also features hybrid autofocus that utilizes phase detection autofocus and contrast detection autofocus that can focus the object within 0.25 seconds. The device comes with 16 GB internal storage along with microSDXC card expansion up to 200 GB.

### Software

The Xperia M5 comes preinstalled with Android 5.0 along with Sony's custom UI and software. Sony made an update to Android 6.0 available for the handset.

## Sales

The dual-sim variant of the Xperia M5 was launched in India and Hong Kong on 9 September 2015. Sony also announced in early 2016 to sell the M5 in the UK despite originally planning not to sell in UK.

## Issues

The handset occasionally suffers from automatic shutoff and cannot be restarted or turned on unless connected to a power source via a USB cable. Sony has commented on the issues and has confirmed that most of their first batch of this phone that was released had issues and were faulty and that customers with affected handsets were able to have them repaired by replacing the faulty battery with a new one at a Sony Service Center.

## Reception

The Xperia M5 was generally well received. Sony was praised for the handset's improved camera, longer battery life and more generous internal storage.
# List of members of the European Parliament for Denmark, 2009–2014

The following 13 members of the European Parliament represented Denmark in the 2009 to 2014 session.

## List

| Name | National party | EP Group | Votes |
| Margrete Auken | Socialist People's Party | G–EFA | 204,111 |
| Bendt Bendtsen | Conservative People's Party | EPP | 176,786 |
| Ole Christensen | Social Democrats | S&D | 20,597 |
| Anne Elisabet Jensen | Left, Liberal Party | ALDE | 47,906 |
| Dan Jørgensen | Social Democrats | S&D | 233,266 |
| Morten Løkkegaard | Left, Liberal Party | ALDE | 57,175 |
| Morten Messerschmidt | People's Party | EFD | 284,500 |
| Jens Rohde | Left, Liberal Party | ALDE | 171,205 |
| Anna Rosbach Andersen | People's Party | EFD | 3,592 |
| Christel Schaldemose | Social Democrats | S&D | 43,855 |
| Søren Søndergaard | People's Movement against the EU | EUL–NGL | 107,429 |
| Britta Thomsen | Social Democrats | S&D | 32,569 |
| Emilie Turunen | Socialist People's Party | G–EFA | 37,330 |

### Party representation

| National party | EP Group | Seats | ± |
| Social Democrats | S&D | 4 / 13 | 1 |
| Left, Liberal Party | ALDE | 3 / 13 | |
| Socialist People's Party | G–EFA | 2 / 13 | 1 |
| People's Party | EFD | 2 / 13 | 1 |
| Conservative People's Party | EPP | 1 / 13 | |
| People's Movement against the EU | EUL–NGL | 1 / 13 | |
# Asiel Kubu

Vice Admiral Asiel Kubu PS PB is a South African Navy officer currently serving as Chief of Human Resources for the South African National Defence Force.
He joined the Navy as a Midshipman at the South African Naval College in 1992 as one of the first black officers to attend the college. He previously served as Director of Naval Personnel and Chief of Naval Staff. He was promoted to vice admiral in 2019 and appointed Chief of Human Resources for the South African National Defence Force.

## Awards and decorations

* iPhrothiya yeGolide (Golden Protea) (PG)
* iPhrothiya yeSiliva (Silver Protea) (PS)
* iPhrothiya yeBhronzi (Bronze Protea) (PB)
* General Service Medal (South Africa)
* Tshumelo Ikatelaho (General Service Medal)
* Unitas (Unity) Medal
* Medalje vir Troue Diens (Medal for Loyal Service) (30 Year Clasp)
* Medalje vir Troue Diens (Medal for Loyal Service) (20 Year Clasp)
* Good Service Medal (Bronze (10 Years))