OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jonathan Glancey

Jonathan Glancey, FRIBA is an architectural critic and writer who was the architecture and design editor at The Guardian, a position he held from 1997 to February 2012. He previously held the same post at The Independent. He also has been involved with the architecture magazines Building Design, Architectural Review, The Architect and Blueprint. He is an honorary fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, RIBA.
Following in the footsteps of Ian Nairn he made a series of four films, Outrage Revisited (2010) on the banality of Britain's postwar buildings.
He is a fan of Le Corbusier. Currently he reports on architecture and design for the website BBC Culture, and he has written articles about Andrea Palladio who was a Renaissance man into architecture and established what is known to be 'Palladianism'.

## Education

Glancey attended St Benedict's School in Ealing, London and studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Magdalen College, Oxford.

## Books by Glancey

* New British architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1989) ISBN 0-500-34107-9
* Pillar Boxes (London: Chatto & Windus, 1989) ISBN 0-7011-3447-X
* 20th Century Architecture: The Structures That Shaped the Century (London: Carlton, 1998) ISBN 1-85868-519-2
* The Story of Architecture (London; New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2000) ISBN 0-7513-4881-3
* London: Bread and Circuses (London: Verso Books, 2001) ISBN 1-85984-645-9
* The Train: A Photographic History (London: Carlton, 2004) ISBN 978-1-84732-465-8
* John Betjeman on Trains (London: Methuen, 2006) ISBN 978-0-413-77612-9
* Spitfire: The Biography, 2006
* John Betjeman on Churches (London: Methuen, 2007) ISBN 978-0-413-77651-8
* Tornado: 21st Century Steam (London: Books on Track, 2010) ISBN 978-0-9566770-0-6
* Nagaland: A journey to India's forgotten frontier, April 2011
* Giants of Steam (London: Atlantic Books, 2012) ISBN 978-184354-769-3
* Harrier: The Biography (London: Atlantic Books, 2013) ISBN 978-1-84354-891-1
* Concorde: The Rise and Fall of the Supersonic Airliner (London: Atlantic Books, October 2015) ISBN 978-1-78239-107-4
* What's So Great About the Eiffel Tower? (London: Laurence King Publishing, February 2017) ISBN 978-1-78067-919-8
* Wings Over Water: The Story of the World's Greatest Air Race and the Birth of the Spitfire (London: Atlantic Books, 2020) ISBN 978-1-78649-419-1
* The Journey Matters (London: Atlantic Books, 2019) ISBN 978-1-78649-416-0
# Mylène Gilbert-Dumas

Mylène Gilbert-Dumas (born October 20, 1967) is a Canadian writer living in the Estrie region of Quebec.
She was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec and received a bachelor's degree in French language instruction (secondary school) from Laval University. She taught French in an English school in Quebec for 12 years before returning to Sherbrooke in 2005.
Her first book Les dames de Beauchêne received the Prix Robert-Cliche in 2002 and was a finalist for the Grand prix littéraire Archambault [fr] in 2003. In 2009, she was writer-in-residence at Berton House Writer's Retreat in Dawson City. Gilbert-Dumas was also a finalist for a Mr. Christie's Book Award in 2004 for her book for young adults Mystique.

## Selected works

Source:
* Les dames de Beauchêne, historical fiction - three volumes (2002–2005)
* Lili Klondike, historical fiction - three volumes (2008–2009)
* Détours sur la route de Compostelle, novel (2014)
# Whitley Wood

Whitley Wood is a suburb to the south of Reading in the English county of Berkshire.

## Geography

Whitley Wood is bounded to the north by an ill-defined boundary with the suburb of Whitley, to the east by a ridge of high ground carrying the road to Shinfield, to the west by the valleys of the River Kennet and the Foudry Brook, and to the south by the M4 motorway.

## Government

Whitley Wood lies within the Borough of Reading and all local government responsibility lies with the borough council. Whitley is within the Reading West parliamentary constituency.
# Darnell Hall

Darnell Kenneth Hall (born September 26, 1971) is an American sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres. He ran for the later gold-winning Team USA in the preliminary heats of the men's 4 x 400 m relay at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## Athletic career

Hall, who grew up in Sojourner Truth public housing in Detroit, ran high school track for Detroit Pershing, winning the state championship in the 400 m with a time of 47.56 seconds. Hall attended Blinn College in Texas. Instead of transferring to an NCAA Division I school, at the age of 21 he decided to try for the 1992 US Olympic Team, and succeeded, winning a gold medal with the 4 x 400 m relay team.
Hall won the 1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Barcelona and finished sixth at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics in Gothenburg. At the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships he was on the 4 x 400 m relay team that won the gold medal.
His personal best 400 m time is 44.34 seconds, achieved in July 1995 in Lausanne.

## Post-athletic career

Hall is a policeman in the Detroit Police Department. and he now runs a AAU youth track team
# Fusarium graminearum genome database

Fusarium graminearum Genome Database (FGDB) is genomic database on Fusarium graminearum, a plant pathogen which causes the wheat headblight disease.
# Frid Wänström

Frid Benjamin Filippus Wänström (May 8, 1905, Lidköping – September 11, 1988, Linköping) was a Swedish aviation engineer who after KTH Royal Institute of Technology in 1932 was employed by the flygstyrelsen (predecessor to Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration), from 1936 head of the calculation department Saab AB in Linköping.
Frid Wänström is mentioned for leading the work with Saab 29 Tunnan. It was the first fighter aircraft in Sweden with Swept wing. Information about arrow wings came from Switzerland and should have included drawings on Messerschmitts Me P1101, P1110, P1111 and P1112. SAAB:s project manager Frid Wänström fetched these secret papers from Switzerland to Sweden in 1945. The documents came from engineers from Messerschmitt who moved to Switzerland at the end of World War II.
Frid Wänström also participated in the following Saab projects Saab 32 Lansen, Saab 35 Draken and Saab 37 Viggen.
Frid Wänström was awarded the Swedish Aeronautical Society's Thulin Medal both in silver 1948 and in gold in 1968, and contributed to the formation of the Saab Veterans Association. He is buried in Vårdnäs cemetery.
# Erik Bratt

Erik Gustaf Bratt (1 January 1916 – 13 February 2010) was a Swedish engineer and pilot. Erik Bratt was the brother of Colonel Lars Bratt.

## Biography

Erik Bratt was responsible for the construction of Saab 35 Draken and Saab 37 Viggen by Saab AB, Linköping Sweden. Bratt personified in Sweden the concept of the development and vast expansion of the Swedish Air Force in the shadow of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race.

### Personal

Bratt took his flight certificate 1937 and underwent flight training in the Swedish Air Force from 1940 to 1942. He graduated in 1942 with a master's degree in engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology. He was employed at Skandinaviska Aero (later a part of Scandinavian Airlines) from 1942 to 1945 and from 1945 until his retirement in 1981 at Saab AB. In 1962 he became chief engineer, in 1964 became the head of the design department for aircraft and in 1974 director.

### Saab 35 Draken and Saab 37 Viggen

By Saab AB, Bratt was the leader of the construction team of Bertil Dillner, Hermann Behrbohm, Einar Bergström and Olof Ljungström. The project included as key parts development of supersonic flight and the delta wing concept.
* The client, the Swedish Air Force's desire (the Defence Act of 1958) in the 1950s to the 1970s was to swiftly attack strategic nuclear weapons-bombers such as Tupolev Tu-16 before they reached their targets. This with fast supersonic-delta wing-fighter aircraft such as Saab 35 Draken, where speed and preparedness were the key factors.
* The Swedish Air Force's need were also landing operation-defenses over the surrounding seas with attack aircraft and ultra-fast reconnaissance aircraft planes such as the Saab 37 Viggen.
* Economy and materials engineering for friction heat of the atmosphere set the limit for speed. This generated large orders to build a very large air force and resources for development.

### Awards

Bratt was awarded the Swedish Aeronautical Society's Thulin Medal in gold in 1972.
He was promoted in 1984 to technology honorary doctor at Linköping University and was awarded the 1986 Söderberg plaque. In 2002, he was appointed an honorary member of the Swedish Aviation History Association (Svensk Flyghistorisk Förening).
His autobiography is called Silvervingar (Silver Wings). (Bratt was a reserve pilot at the Swedish Air Force and received Silvervingar.)
# T. A. M. Craven

Tunis Augustus Macdonough Craven (January 31, 1893 – May 31, 1972) (known by his initials T.A.M.) was a United States Navy officer in the first half of the 20th century involved in the development of radio and communications.

## Early life

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Craven was given the name of the Union U.S. Navy Commander Tunis Augustus Macdonough Craven (January 11, 1813 to August 5, 1864) who famously went down with his ship, the USS Tecumseh, during the American Civil War at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

## Military career

The younger Craven graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1913. He was a Navy engineer involved in the early history of radio and a close friend of Stanford C. Hooper. His first cruise was aboard the USS Delaware, a battleship in the Atlantic Fleet, where he served as the radio officer, moving in 1915 to the staff of the Commander in Chief, U.S. Asiatic Fleet as the fleet radio officer and fleet intelligence officer. In 1917 he was ordered to the Office of Director of Naval Communications, where he oversaw the organization and operation of the Navy's trans-Atlantic radio communications system during the war. In 1927 he served as a technical adviser to the U.S. delegation to Washington international communications conference, and subsequently served as executive officer aboard the oil tanker USS Sapelo. He resigned from active duty in 1930, immediately taking a reserve commission. He remained a commander in the reserves until 1944.

## Federal Communications Commission

Craven served as Chief Engineer to the Federal Communications Commission between 1935 and 1937 before being appointed to the commission by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 (serving from 25 August 1937 to 30 June 1944). A Democrat by party, he was frequently at odds with chairman (and fellow Democrat) James Lawrence Fly. He declined reappointment at the end of his term in 1944, choosing instead to return to private industry as the vice-president of Iowa Broadcasting Company, owned by the Cowles interests. After a long delay, FCC general counsel Charles R. Denny was nominated to succeed Craven in March, 1945. Craven was appointed to an unusual (and so far unique) second appointment by President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 2 July 1956 to 25 March 1963. he died in 1972 at 79.
# DD Assam

DD Assam is a state-owned Indian TV channel operated by Doordarshan. It telecasts from Doordarshan Kendra, Guwahati, Assam. DD Assam is available on DD Free dish DTH, at channel 52. Doordarshan Assam can reach almost 83% of the population and almost 79% the area.

## History

The Doordarshan Kednra Guwahati was commissioned on March 24, 1985. DD Assam 24 x 7 satellite channel was launched on 4 August 2020 by the then Minister of Information and Broadcasting Prakash Javadekar. It was done through video conferencing from New Delhi.

## Regional News Unit (RNU)

DD News has 31 functional Regional News Units / Bureaus which are broadcasting over 140 news bulletins in 22 languages/dialects with a consolidated more than 49 hours of daily telecast of bulletins and programmes. RNUs besides producing regional news also cater to DD News in Reporting, Visual feeds & Special Programming. All the States have a Regional News Unit (RNU), except Sikkim. Jammu and Kashmir has 2 RNUs, while there is one in Leh for Ladakh UT. Over 900 stringers are working for the DD News Network, across the country in all districts. RNU are headed by an Indian Information Service Officer (IIS) officer. He or she is responsible for functioning of the RNU including bulletins, budget / finance, coordination and other administrative issues. News Editors are posted in RNU to mount the news bulletins / programmes, assignment coordination, social media handling, and to assist Head of RNU in the financial and administrative works.
RNU also engages the services of Reporters, Stringers, Camerapersons, Copy Editors, Assistant News Editors, Video Editors, Graphics Editors, News Readers, Website Assistants on casual assignments to mount the News Bulletins / Programmes.

## Programming

* Batori (News)
* Xu Prabhat Axom (Good Morning Show)
* Borgeet
* Chah Gashar Maje Maje (Tea Garden Programme)
* Geetmala
* Krishi Darshan
* Rupali Dhow

## RNU Head and News Editor

* Maruf Alam, IIS RNU Head and News Editor
* Santanu Rowmuria, IIS News Editor
# Mullerochloa

Mullerochloa is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the bamboo subfamily bambusoideae) of the grass family Poaceae. It just contains one species, Mullerochloa moreheadiana (F.M.Bailey) K.M.Wong
It is native to Queensland in north-eastern Australia.
The grass forms clumps and grows up to 12m (forty feet) tall. Other sources say it can be up to two hundred feet (sixty meters) in length. Culms (aerial stem bearing the inflorescence), will get up to 4cm (1.5 inches) in diameter; however they are thin walled. It has large leaves and doesn’t have basal branches.
The genus name of Mullerochloa is in honour of Lennox Muller, an Australian psychologist turned exotic plant farmer in Innisfail, Far North Queensland. The Latin specific epithet of moreheadiana is in honour of Boyd Dunlop Morehead (1843–1905), an English-born Australian politician. Both genus and species were first described and published in Blumea Vol.50 on pages 434-435 in 2005.
# Ekrem Bora

Ekrem Bora (born Ekrem Şerif Uçak; 7 March 1934 – 1 April 2012) was a Turkish film actor.

## Biography

After finishing school, he went to Sultanahmet State Printinghouse where he got a diploma in typesetting and binding. In 1953, he participated in and won the "Sinema Artist" competition held by Sezai Solelli's Yıldız (Star) magazine. Bora made his film debut in Alın Yazısı in 1955. After leaving acting for two years, he returned as the leading actor in Mavi Boncuk and went on to appear in nearly 150 films. He won the Golden Orange award for Best Actor twice; first in 1966 for his role in Sürtük, and second in 1991 for Soğuktu Ve Yağmur Çiseliyordu.
On 1 April 2012 he died in hospital in Istanbul, aged 78, from a pulmonary edema. and was laid to rest at the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery on 3 April 2012.
# Three red lines

The three red lines (Chinese: 三條紅線, Simplified: 三条红线, Pinyin: sān tiáo hóng xiàn) are financial regulatory guidelines in the People's Republic of China introduced in August 2020 relating to the ratio of debt to cash, equity and assets. It was introduced to help rein in the highly indebted property-development sector in China, seen especially in large real estate concerns such as Evergrande, which faced a liquidity crisis in Q4 2021.

## History

In 2017, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping's government started to tighten the real estate market based on the principle that "property is to be lived in, not to be speculated on."$^{:161}$ These remarks came during the 19th CCP National Congress.$^{:73}$
The three red lines were the most stringent regulatory measures based on these remarks.$^{:73}$ These rules were issued in 2020.$^{:73}$ They stated property should adhere to the following rules:
* Liabilities should not exceed 70 percent of assets (excluding advance proceeds from projects sold on contract)
* Net debt should not be greater than 100 percent equity.
* Money reserves must be at least 100 percent of short term debt.
If a real estate firm meets all three requirements, it can increase its debt by a maximum of 15 percent the next year.$^{:73–74}$
Since December 2021, borrowing to finance acquisitions and mergers would not be included in red line metrics. This was to help facilitate financially healthier firms to buy assets from indebted companies.
In early 2023, China began softening its approach to the three red lines in an effort increase market confidence.$^{:76}$
# Bishop Family Lustron House

The Bishop Family Lustron House is a historic Lustron house located at 26 Slater Drive in Glenville, Schenectady County, New York.

## Description and history

It was built in November 1949, and measures 31 feet by 35 feet on a poured concrete slab. The exterior is clad with two-foot by two-foot steel panels coated with "Dove Gray" colored porcelain enamel. It is a Westchester Deluxe two-bedroom model home.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 6, 2008.
# Bishop Hiram A. Boaz House

The Bishop Hiram A. Boaz House is a historic house located at 22 Armistead Road in Little Rock, Arkansas.

## Description and history

It is a two-story, timber-framed structure, clad in brick and stucco with half-timbering in the Tudor Revival style. It was designed by Dallas, Texas architect Marion Fooshe under the supervision of the architect Charles L. Thompson, and was built in 1926 for Rev. Hiram A. Boaz, the first Methodist bishop to reside in Arkansas and the first president of Southern Methodist University. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 7, 1994, for its architecture and historic associations.
# Bishop National Bank of Hawaii

The Bishop National Bank of Hawaii was a bank in Hawaii. Its branch building on Hawaii Route 50 in Waimea, Kauai, Hawaii, was built in 1929. That branch building has also been known as First Hawaiian Bank, as Bishop National Bank, Waimea Branch, and as Bishop First National Bank, Waimea Branch. The building includes Classical Revival architecture and was a work of architect John Mason and of J.L. Young Engineering Co. The building was listed on the Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places in 1977 and on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1978.
The building replaced a 1911 building that had been the second Bishop National Bank branch, after the first built in Hilo. According to its NRHP nomination, the building "is important mainly for its architectural value. Its eclectic style and solid, imposing appearance is typical of post-World War I banking architecture. It is designed to give an aura of permanence and stability--a visual assurance to Waimea's inhabitants that the bank was 'here to stay.'"$^{:3}$
The building is now a First Hawaiian Bank branch.
# SmartThings

SmartThings Inc. is an American home automation company headquartered in Mountain View, California. Since August 2014 it is a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics.
Founded in 2012, it focuses on the development of eponymous automation software and an associated array of client applications and cloud platforms for smart homes and the consumer Internet of things. SmartThings cites its platform as having 62 million active users, a number it claims increased 70% through 2019 and 2020.

## History

SmartThings was conceived by co-founder and once-CEO Alex Hawkinson in the winter of 2011. Hawkinson tells that his family's unoccupied mountain house in Colorado was extensively damaged by water pipes that first froze and subsequently burst resulting in some $80,000 worth of damage. Hawkinson noted that he could have prevented the damages had he known what was happening inside the house. Through 2011 and 2012, Hawkinson and his SmartThings co-founders worked to build a prototype of their desired solution to such problems. That prototype would go on to form the basis of a successful Kickstarter campaign which the developers launched in September 2012 and that would go on to secure US$1.2 million in backing, making it the second largest, smart-home focussed crowdfunding project to date.
Raising $3 million in a December 2012 seed funding round, SmartThings would go on to commercially launch its products in August 2013 before raising a further 12.5 million in a Series A funding round in late 2013.
In August 2014, Samsung Electronics announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire SmartThings. The financial terms of the deal were never publicly disclosed but were estimated as high as $200 million by some trade publications at the time.

## Products and services

Initially SmartThings produced a suite of custom hardware and software services, including smart home hubs and sensors. In June 2020, SmartThings' engineering head Mark Benson announced that SmartThings would pivot away from manufacturing its own hardware and instead focus on software. The company hopes to enlist other companies to manufacture and distribute SmartThings hardware. In October 2020, SmartThings announced that Aeotec will take over its European hardware line. In December 2020, Aeotec revealed that it would also manage the SmartThings hardware portfolio throughout Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
As of February 2021, SmartThings develops software and cloud services.
# Bishop's Block

The Bishop's Block, also known as the Bishop's Block Apartments, is a historic building located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It was included as a contributing property in the Old Main Street Historic District in 2015.

## History

The building significance is derived from its association with its architect, Franklin D. Hyde. He was a Dubuque architect known for his residential designs. Considered his best work, Hyde designed the building in the Romanesque Revival style. It was completed in 1887 and the exterior is composed of brick. The building measures 75.5 feet (23 m) tall and rises five floors. At one time the building had a distinctive turret on its northwest corner, which was destroyed by lightning in July 2011.
The building was commissioned by John Hennessy, the third bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Dubuque, and derives its name from him. He was involved in speculative real estate and business ventures in the Dubuque area, and he built or acquired numerous buildings around the city. This building was first occupied by wholesale grocer Marshall M. Walker. After five years, the John T. Hancock Company was housed here. The Western Grocery Company occupied the building from 1908 into the 1950s. It has subsequently been renovated into apartments.