OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kalbach

Kalbach is a municipality in the district of Fulda, in Hesse, Germany. Kalbach is about 20 km south of the city of Fulda and 90 km east-northeast of Frankfurt. Kalbach encompasses the communities of Eichenried, Heubach, Mittelkalbach, Niederkalbach, Oberkalbach, Uttrichshausen and Veitsteinbach.
# Pete LaCock

Ralph Pierre "Pete" LaCock Jr. (born January 17, 1952) is an American former Major League Baseball first baseman/outfielder. He batted and threw left-handed. In 1975, LaCock hit the only grand slam of his career during the final appearance of St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Bob Gibson.

## Career

LaCock was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1970 January Draft-Regular Phase out of William Howard Taft Charter High School. His minor league career included leading the Texas League with 84 bases on balls while playing for the San Antonio Missions in 1971 and with 13 triples and 93 bases on balls while playing for the Midland Cubs in 1972.
Due to LaCock's success in the minor league system, he was promoted to the major leagues, where he played for the Cubs (1972–1976) and the Kansas City Royals (1977–1980). In 1981, he played in Japan for the Yokohama Taiyo Whales.
Over nine seasons (715 games), LaCock hit 27 home runs with 224 RBI and a batting average of .257. He was a good fielder at both first base and in the outfield, but never became an everyday player. LaCock was often used as a pinch hitter and/or defensive replacement, and sometimes as a designated hitter. He was granted free agency on October 24, 1980, though he never played another major league game.
In 1989, LaCock played for the St. Petersburg Pelicans and Winter Haven Super Sox of the Senior Professional Baseball Association.
LaCock is perhaps best known for a famous, and possibly apocryphal, story involving Hall of Famer Bob Gibson. In 1975, during Gibson's final game, LaCock hit a grand slam home run, becoming the last hitter to get a base hit off Gibson. Gibson retired soon afterwards. Years later, Gibson faced LaCock in an Old-Timers' Day, and he allegedly beaned him in retaliation and shouted out, "I've been waiting years to do that!"

### Coaching

LaCock managed the Niagara Stars of the Canadian Baseball League in 2003. After serving as the hitting coach for St. Joe Blacksnakes (now defunct) of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball during the 2007 season, he was hired in 2008 as hitting coach for the Lincoln Saltdogs of the American Association, resigning his position in mid-July. Since then, LaCock has journeyed as a hitting coach with the Tucson Toros of the Golden Baseball League in 2009, the North American League Schaumburg Flyers in 2010, and the Kevin Costner owned Lake County Fielders (also of the North American League) in 2011.
In 2012, LaCock served as head coach of the Cronulla Sharks baseball club, in the New South Wales major league competition in Sydney, Australia. In 2012, he managed the Prescott Montezuma Federals of the Freedom Pro Baseball League.

## Personal life

LaCock is the son of Hollywood Squares host Peter Marshall, as well as the nephew of actress Joanne Dru. Since his retirement from baseball, LaCock has competed in several marathons and triathlons, many of which raise funds for the Leukemia Society of America.
# Anselmo Pardo Alcaide

Anselmo Pardo Alcaide (1913–1977) was a Spanish entomologist.

## Career

Throughout his life he combined his work as a teacher with his entomological studies. He published his first scientific paper in 1936, at 23 years of age, in which he described his first species new to science, Aphodius ambrosi (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in northern Morocco. This article was followed by another 79, in which he described another 145 taxa, mostly Pardo Alcaide became a world authority in families and Melyridae Meloidae- Malachiinae.
He made numerous scientific missions where he collected specimens for study that were particularly important in different regions of Morocco.

## Recognition

In 1978 he received posthumously the degree of Commander of the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise in recognition of his scientific achievements. In 1979 he gave his name to a new school opened in Melilla, the College of Education and Primary Anselmo Pardo.
# Angad Vir Singh Bajwa

Angad Vir Singh Bajwa (born 29 November 1995) is an Indian sport shooter who competes in the skeet discipline. In 2018, he became the first shooter to set the skeet final round world record of 60 out of 60.

## Career

At the 2015 Asian Shooting Championships in Kuwait City, the trio of Bajwa, Anant Naruka and Arjun Mann won the gold medal in the men's skeet junior team event. Bajwa also won gold in the junior individual event.
Bajwa participated in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta where he shot 119 out of 125 and failed to qualify for the final. He won the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Shotgun Championships in Kuwait City by shooting a world record 60 in the final round of the men's skeet competition. This was India's first ever gold medal in the skeet discipline in a continental or world-level tournament.
Making a comeback after an illness, Bajwa won the bronze medal at the 2019 Summer Universiade in Naples. At the 2019 Asian Shooting Championships, he won gold in the men's skeet event after a shoot-off with fellow Indian Mairaj Ahmad Khan, who settled for silver. As a result of this, both Bajwa and Khan bagged 2020 Summer Olympics quota places for India. Bajwa also won silver in the mixed team event, with Ganemat Sekhon, in the same competition.
At the 2021 ISSF World Cup in New Delhi, Bajwa won the gold medal in men's skeet team event with Mairaj Ahmad Khan and Gurjoat Siingh Khangura.
Bajwa finished 18th in men's skeet event at the 2020 Summer Olympics with a score of 120/125.

## Personal life

Angad started his schooling in Sherwood College, Nainital. As of 2018, Bajwa is pursuing a BBA from the Manav Rachna University. He studied in Canada for some time while representing India in shooting competitions, before returning to India in 2015. His father Gurpal Singh Bajwa owns a hospitality business in Canada.
# Thomas Koschat

Thomas Koschat (8 August 1845 – 19 May 1914) was a composer and bass singer from Austria-Hungary. He popularized Carinthian folk music across Europe and the Americas.

## Biography

Koschat was born on 8 August 1845 in the Viktring district of Klagenfurt. From 1865 to 1867 he attended the Technical University of Vienna, studying chemistry, but he did not obtain a degree. Instead his imagination was captivated by music, and he formed his first vocal quartet in 1866. He joined the Vienna State Opera in 1867, singing bass. In 1874 he joined the choir at St. Stephen's Cathedral. From 1877 until 1906 he performed with the Koschart Quintet. That year he also joined the choir at the Hofmusikkapelle and served as soloist there. As a composer he was known for his Kärntnerlieder, folk songs of Carinthia arranged by himself, or else his own compositions set in that style. With his men's quartet and quintet he toured Europe and the Americas, where the performances of his Carinthian music were enthusiastically received. For most of his life he resided in Vienna. Nonetheless, he was made an honorary citizen of Klagenfurt in 1907 owing to the local nature of his work. Koschat died in Vienna, at his home on Strobachgasse in the 5th district, on 19 May 1914. He was buried at Annabichl [de] near Klagenfurt.

## Legacy

Koschat composed numerous pieces for choir, in addition to quartets and songs. Many of these are in waltz time and focus on Carinthian themes and locales. Additionally he published a book of poems in the Carinthian dialect.
A museum dedicated to Koschat was opened in 1934, containing letters, manuscripts, portraits, awards, recordings, and other memorabilia related to his life and output. Heavily damaged during the Second World War, the museum was rebuilt and reopened in 1951 from funds raised through private donations and lotteries. The museum is open May through September for a couple of hours each day.
In 1970 the Austrian Post issued a commemorative postage stamp honoring the 125th anniversary of Koschat's birth.
# Luciano Faraguti

Luciano Faraguti (26 August 1937 – 11 March 2018) was an Italian politician.
He was born in La Spezia on 26 August 1937. Faraguti was a member of the regional council of Liguria from 1975 to 1979. He then served in the Chamber of Deputies until 1994. Between 1983 and 1987, he served as undersecretary of tourism. Faraguti died at a hospital in Genoa on 11 March 2018.
# Decentralized administrations of Greece

The decentralized administrations (Greek: αποκεντρωμένες διοικήσεις, apokentroménes dioikíseis) is a tier of the Greek public administration of Greece. They are not a Local Self-Government Organization, albeit they supervise the Administrative Regions and Municipalities within their territory. They were created in January 2011 as part of a far-reaching reform of the country's administrative structure, the Kallikratis reform (Law 3852/2010).
They enjoy both administrative and financial autonomy and exercise devolved state powers in urban planning, environmental and energy policy, forestry, migration and citizenship. Beyond that, they are tasked with supervising the first and second-level self-governing bodies: the regions and municipalities.
They are run by a government-appointed general secretary, assisted by an advisory council drawn from the regional governors and the representatives of the municipalities.

## List of decentralized administrations

Decentralized Administration of Attica, with the capital of Athens  Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace, with the capital of Thessaloniki  Decentralized Administration of Epirus and Western Macedonia, with the capital of Ioannina  Decentralized Administration of Thessaly and Central Greece, with the capital of Larissa  Decentralized Administration of Peloponnese, Western Greece and the Ionian, with the capital of Patras  Decentralized Administration of the Aegean, with the capital of Piraeus  Decentralized Administration of Crete, with the capital of Heraklion
 Monastic community of Mount Athos, (excluded from the Kallikratis Plan)
# Franco Evangelisti (politician)

Franco Evangelisti (10 February 1923 – 11 November 1993) was an Italian politician, a member of Democrazia Cristiana (DC) and a long-standing follower of Giulio Andreotti.

## Career

A native of Alatri and a journalist by profession, Evangelisti was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies for Democrazia Cristiana from 1963 to 1987, and then to the Italian Senate until 1992. He was appointed as undersecretary for Tourism and Spectacles in the second cabinet led by Mariano Rumor (1968), keeping the position in the following ones, again under Rumor and then under Emilio Colombo (1970–1972). He was undersecretary for the Presidency under the cabinets led by Giulio Andreotti, with functions as secretary since 1976.
From 1979 to 1980 he was Minister for the Merchant Marine: on 4 March 1980 he resigned, after an interview to the newspaper La Repubblica in which he declared to have received money by the entrepreneur Gaetano Caltagirone.
Just before his death, caused by a cerebral hemorrhage in 1993, Evangelisti described to a journalist the alleged secret meeting between Andreotti and general Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, who was assassinated in 1982. During the meeting, Dalla Chiesa showed Andreotti a memorial of Aldo Moro (the president of DC who was kidnapped and killed by communist terrorists in 1979) containing dangerous revelations against Andreotti.
Evangelisti, together with Andreotti, was involved in several scandals. During the Lockheed scandal, he was accused of receiving money by the former chairman of Finmeccanica, and his name (together with that of Andreotti) was connected to the assassination of Michele Sindona, a banker condemned for bankrupt and murder, who was linked to Licio Gelli's secret masonic lodge Propaganda 2.
Evangelisti was also president of the football team AS Roma from 1965, and the chairman of Italian Boxing Federation from 1969 to 1973.
# Carvacrol

Carvacrol, or cymophenol, C$_6$H$_3$(CH$_3$)(OH)C$_3$H$_7$, is a monoterpenoid phenol. It has a characteristic pungent, warm odor of oregano.

## Natural occurrence

Carvacrol is present in the essential oil of Origanum vulgare (oregano), oil of thyme, oil obtained from pepperwort, and wild bergamot. The essential oil of thyme subspecies contains between 5% and 75% of carvacrol, while Satureja (savory) subspecies have a content between 1% and 45%. Origanum majorana (marjoram) and Dittany of Crete are rich in carvacrol, 50% and 60–80% respectively.
It is also found in tequila and Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) in the verbena family.

## Sources

* Coleus amboinicus
* Lavandula multifida
* Lepidium
* Lippia graveolens
* Monarda didyma
* Monarda fistulosa
* Nigella sativa
* Origanum compactum
* Origanum dictamnus
* Origanum majorana
* Origanum microphyllum
* Origanum minutiflorum
* Origanum onites
* Origanum scabrum
* Origanum syriacum
* Origanum vulgare
* Plectranthus amboinicus
* Satureja
* Satureja thymbra
* tequila
* Thymbra spicata
* oil of thyme
* Thymus glandulosus

## Synthesis and derivatives

Carvacrol may be synthetically prepared by a number of routes. The fusion of cymol sulfonic acid with caustic potash results in desulfonation. By the action of nitrous acid on 1-methyl-2-amino-4-propyl benzene, one effects diazotization. Prolonged heating of camphor and iodine or carvone with glacial phosphoric acid have also been demonstrated. The dehydrogenation of carvone with a palladium-carbon catalyst has been established.
It has also been prepared by transalkylation of isopropylated cresols.
It is extracted from Origanum oil by means of a 50% potash solution. It is a thick oil that sets at -20 °C to a mass of crystals of melting point 0 °C, and boiling point 236–237 °C. Oxidation with ferric chloride converts it into dicarvacrol, whilst phosphorus pentachloride transforms it into chlorcymol.

## Antimicrobial effects

In vitro, carvacrol has antimicrobial activity against 25 different phytopathogenic bacteria and strains including: Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium glabrum, Pseudomonas syringae, and fungi such as Fusarium verticillioides/F. moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani/R. solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Phytophthora capsici.

## Compendial status

* British Pharmacopoeia
# Lysogeny broth

Lysogeny broth (LB) is a nutritionally rich medium primarily used for the growth of bacteria. Its creator, Giuseppe Bertani, intended LB to stand for lysogeny broth, but LB has also come to colloquially mean Luria broth, Lennox broth, life broth or Luria–Bertani medium. The formula of the LB medium was published in 1951 in the first paper of Bertani on lysogeny. In this article he described the modified single-burst experiment and the isolation of the phages P1, P2, and P3. He had developed the LB medium to optimize Shigella growth and plaque formation.
LB medium formulations have been an industry standard for the cultivation of Escherichia coli as far back as the 1950s. These media have been widely used in molecular microbiology applications for the preparation of plasmid DNA and recombinant proteins. It continues to be one of the most common media used for maintaining and cultivating laboratory recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. For physiological studies however, the use of LB medium is discouraged.
There are several common formulations of LB. Although they are different, they generally share a somewhat similar composition of ingredients used to promote growth, including the following:
* Peptides and casein peptones
* Vitamins (including B vitamins)
* Trace elements (e.g. nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium)
* Minerals
Sodium ions for transport and osmotic balance are provided by sodium chloride. Tryptone is used to provide essential amino acids such as peptides and peptones to the growing bacteria, while the yeast extract is used to provide a plethora of organic compounds helpful for bacterial growth. These compounds include vitamins and certain trace elements.
In his original 1951 paper, Bertani used 10 grams of NaCl and 1 gram of glucose per 1 L of solution; Luria in his "L broth" of 1957 copied Bertani's original recipe exactly. Recipes published later have typically left out the glucose.

## Formula

The formulations generally differ in the amount of sodium chloride, thus providing selection of the appropriate osmotic conditions for the particular bacterial strain and desired culture conditions. The low salt formulations, Lennox and Luria, are ideal for cultures requiring salt-sensitive antibiotics.
* LB (Miller) (10 g/L NaCl)
* LB (Lennox) (5 g/L NaCl)
* LB (Luria) (0.5 g/L NaCl)

### Adjusting the pH

Prior to autoclaving, some laboratories adjust the pH of LB to 7.5 or 8 with sodium hydroxide. However, sodium hydroxide does not provide any buffering capacity to the media, and this results in rapid changes to the pH during bacteria cultivation. To get around this some laboratories prefer to adjust the pH with 5–10 mmol/L TRIS buffer, diluted from 1 mol/L TRIS stock at the desired pH. However, it is not absolutely necessary to adjust the pH for most situations. Some laboratories adjust the pH to 7.0 merely as a precaution.
# Erechthis

Erechthis is a genus of Caribbean katydids in the tribe Agraeciini. They are distributed across a few islands in the Greater Antilles region.
There are three species:
* Erechthis ayiti De Luca and Morris, 2016 ― found in Haiti
* Erechthis gundlachi Bolívar, 1888 ― found in Cuba and the Dominican Republic
* Erechthis levyi De Luca and Morris, 2016 ― found in The Bahamas
# Kanchipuram silk sari

The Kanchipuram silk sari, also called Kanjeevaram sari is a type of silk sari made in the Kanchipuram region in Tamil Nadu, India. These saris are worn as bridal & special occasion saris by most women in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh. It has been recognized as a Geographical indication by the Government of India in 2005–2006.
As of 2008, an estimated 5,000 families were involved in sari production. There are 25 silk and cotton yarn industries and 60 dyeing units in the region.

## Weaving

The saris are woven from pure mulberry silk thread. The pure mulberry silk and the Zari used in the making of Kanchipuram saris comes from South India. To weave a Kanchipuram sari three shuttles are used. While the weaver works on the right side, his aide works on the left side shuttle. The border colour and design are usually quite different from the body. If the mundhi (the hanging end of the sari) has to be woven in a different shade, it is first separately woven and then delicately joined to the Sari. The part where the body meets the mundhi is often denoted by a zigzag line. In a genuine Kanchipuram Silk Sari, body and border are woven separately and then interlocked together. The joint is woven so strongly that even if the saris tears, the border will not detach. That differentiates the kanchivaram silk saris from the others.

## Design

Saris are distinguished by their wide contrast borders. Temple borders, checks, stripes and floral (buttas) are traditional designs found on a Kanchipuram saris. The patterns and designs in the kanchipuram saris were inspired with images and scriptures in South Indian temples or natural features like leaves, birds and animals. These are saris with rich woven mundhi showing paintings of Raja Ravi Varma and epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana. Kanchipuram saris vary widely in cost depending upon the intricacy of work, colours, pattern, material used like zari (gold thread) etc. The silk is also known for its quality and craftsmanship, which has helped earn its name.

## Significance

Kanchipuram saris woven with heavy silk and gold cloth are considered to be special and are worn on occasions and festivities.

## Geographical Indication

In 2005, the Government of Tamil Nadu applied for Geographical Indication for Kanchipuram saris. The Government of India recognized it as a Geographical indication officially since the year 2005-06.

## In popular culture

The Tamil film Kanchivaram released in 2008 depicts the struggles of silk weavers in Kanchipuram.
# Elachistocleis

Elachistocleis is a genus of microhylid frogs found in southern America from Panama southwards. Their common name is oval frogs, although for historic reasons not all species are named so.

## Taxonomy

A 2021 study found that the genus originated in the Andes during the Oligocene, and contains two distinct clades that diverged from one another during the Middle Miocene. They dispersed throughout South America following the drying-out of the Pebas mega-wetland system, aided by the Amazon basin and other hydrological systems.
Recent taxonomic evidence indicates that the type species, E. ovalis, is a nomen nudum, as it has no holotype, type locality, and its description lacks detail. The name has been applied to many Elachistocleis populations across South America, which are all now considered to represent undescribed species (with one of these from Trinidad and northern Venezuela being described as E. nigrogularis in 2021). In addition, another Elachistocleis identified from Trinidad in a 1980 study likely represents another undescribed species.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Elachistocleis:
| Binomial name and author | Common name |
| Elachistocleis bicolor(Guérin-Méneville, 1838) | Two-colored oval frog |
| Elachistocleis bumbameuboi Caramaschi, 2010 | Maranhão Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis carvalhoi Caramaschi, 2010 | Northwestern Tocantins Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) | São Paulo Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis corumbaensis (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)Piva, Caramaschi, and Albuquerque, 2017 | Piraputangas Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis erythrogaster Kwet & Di-Bernardo, 1998 | Red-bellied oval frog |
| Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer & Vaira, 2013 | Jujuy Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 | Humaitá Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis nigrogularis Jowers, Othman, Borzée, Rivas, Sánchez-Ramírez, Auguste, Downie, Read & Murphy, 2021 | Black-throated Oval Frog (nomen nudum) |
| Elachistocleis magna Toledo, 2010 | Rondônia Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi, 2010 | Mato Grosso Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis muiraquitan Nunes-de-Almeida and Toledo, 2012 | Acre's Oval Frog |
| Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider, 1799) | Common oval frog (nomen nudum) |
| Elachistocleis panamensis (Dunn, Trapido, and Evans, 1948) | Panama humming frog |
| Elachistocleis pearsei (Ruthven, 1914) | Colombian plump prog |
| Elachistocleis piauiensis Caramaschi & Jim, 1983 | Piaui oval frog |
| Elachistocleis skotogaster Lavilla, Vaira & Ferrari, 2003 | Santa Victoria oval frog |
| Elachistocleis surinamensis (Daudin, 1802) | Surinam oval frog |
| Elachistocleis surumu Caramaschi, 2010 | Roraima Oval Frog |