OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics

The Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP; Chinese: 长春光学精密机械与物理研究所), of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), is a state research institution in Changchun, Jilin, China.
It was founded in 1952 as the Institute of Instrumentation of the CAS, by a group of scientists led by Wang Daheng. It was later renamed as the Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics. The current name was adopted in 1999 when the institute was merged with the Changchun Institute of Physics, headed by Xu Xurong.
Under the leadership of Wang Daheng, the institute played a crucial role in the development of China's strategic weapons, developing high-precision optics for missile guidance systems. It made major breakthroughs for the submarine-launched ballistic missile program.
The institute focuses on luminescence, applied optics, optical engineering, and precision mechanics and instruments. It is involved in a number of technology ventures based out of the nearby CAS Changchun Optoelectronics Industrial Park with total assets worth US$403 million.
The institute offers undergraduate, master’s and doctoral education programs.
The institute developed the Bilibili Video Satellite, launched in September 2020.

## CGSTL

The institute includes the Chang Guang Satellite Technology Corporation (Charming Globe or CGSTL), a commercial offshoot of the institute which manufactures remote sensing satellite buses and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). Chang Guang Satellite Technology owns Jilin-1 satellite constellation. In September 2024, it launched six Jilin Kuanfu satellites.
It already has 31 satellites in orbit and plans to have their constellation reach 138 satellites over the next 4 years.
# Jay Wakefield

Jay Wakefield is a Canadian curler from Maple Ridge, British Columbia.

## Career

Wakefield's lone provincial junior championship came in 2008 when his team of lead Jamie Danbrook, second Paul Cseke and fourth Chase Martyn won the event. The team thus qualified to represent British Columbia at the 2008 Canadian Junior Curling Championships. At the Juniors, the rink finished the round robin with a 5-7 record, missing the playoffs.
After juniors, Wakefield quickly joined the men's curling scene. He qualified for his first provincial championship in 2010 as a skip, with teammates Cseke (throwing fourth stones), third Derek Errington and lead John Cullen. The rink went 4-5 at the event, missing the playoffs. The following season, Wakefield, Cseke and Cullen joined the Brent Pierce rink. Wakefield would throw second stones for the team. That team qualified for the 2011 Canadian Direct Insurance BC Men's Championship, but finished 3-6 in the event, missing the playoffs. The following season, Wakefield and Cullen joined forces with Chris Baier. Wakefield would continue to throw second stones. That team made the 2012 Canadian Direct Insurance BC Men's Championship, which would have a new format. That team did qualify for the playoffs, but lost in the provincial semi-final to Jim Cotter.
On the World Curling Tour, Wakefield has two event wins to his credit. He won the 2011 Seattle Cash Spiel over Jody Epp and he won the 2012 Vancouver Island Shootout over Neil Dangerfield.
# Trash Aesthetics

Trash Aesthetics is a British independent record label founded in 2004 by Rob Fawkes and Claire Hewitson and active until 2014. Based in South London, it specialised in releasing limited-edition runs of singles by both local bands and international acts whose work is difficult to come by in the UK. Having started helping Rob and Claire with the label in 2007, Adam Killip took over running Trash Aesthetics in 2010.
TA701 (The label's first release) was a 480 copy 7" clear-vinyl pressing by Bloc Party called "She's Hearing Voices" which was released to critical acclaim, with BBC Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq labelling the track "genius". This was followed the same year with another limited single called 22 Grand Job, this time by The Rakes which was met with similar enthusiasm in the music press.
2005 saw the release of more limited 7"s by Omaha, Nebraska tap dancing indie troop Tilly and the Wall (signed to Conor Oberst's Team Love label in the US) and Brixton based country / power-pop 5 piece The Tailors. That year also saw the release of a 10" EP by Los Angeles-based three-piece Bedtime for Toys who went on to work with artists such as Har Mar Superstar and Le Tigre.
The label released The Tailors successful debut album Wakey Wakey in 2007 as well as an extremely limited 7" single by Projections (a side project of the band Blood Red Shoes) and Luke Abbott.
2009 saw the release of two more 7" singles by Mi Mye and Richmond Fontaine.

## Releases

2004
* TA701 Bloc Party – She's Hearing Voices
* TA702 The Rakes – 22 Grand Job
2005
* TA703 The Tailors – A New Hairdo
* TA704 Tilly and the Wall – You and I Misbehaving
* TA1001 Bedtime For Toys EP
2006
* TA705 Projections / Luke Abbott – Muted / Repus Tekram
2007
* TACD01 The Tailors – Wakey Wakey
* TACD02 The Tailors – Come Dig Me Up
2009
* TA706 Mi Mye – The Last
* TA707 Richmond Fontaine – You Can Move Back Here
2010
* TACD03 Treecreeper – Juniper
2011
* TA708 Richmond Fontaine – Lost in the Trees
* TA709 H Hawkline / My Sad Captains – You Say You Love Me / Little Joanne
* TA710 Chuck Prophet – The Left Hand and the Right Hand
2012
* TA711 Mark Eitzel / Sacri Cuori (featuring Isobel Campbell)
* TA1202 H Hawkline – Black Domino Box
# Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention

The Soviet–Japanese Basic Convention (日ソ基本条約, Nisso Kihon Jōyaku) was a treaty normalizing relations between the Empire of Japan and the Soviet Union that was signed on 20 January 1925. Ratifications were exchanged in Beijing on February 26, 1925. The agreement was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on May 20, 1925.

## Background

Following the defeat of the Russian Empire in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, co-operative relations between Russia and Japan were gradually restored by four sets of treaties signed between 1907 and 1916. However, the collapse of the Romanov dynasty, followed by the Bolshevik Revolution and the Japanese Siberian Intervention created a strong distrust between Japan and the newly founded Soviet Union.

## Signing

The treaty was signed by Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan of the Soviet Union and Kenkichi Yoshizawa of Japan on 20 January 1925.

## Terms

Following a series of negotiations held in Beijing in 1924 and 1925, Japan agreed to extend diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union and to withdraw its troops from the northern half of Sakhalin island. In return, the Soviet Union agreed to honor the provisions of the Treaty of Portsmouth and to re-examine all other treaties between the former Russian Empire and Japan, including the Fishery Convention of 1907. The Soviet Union granted the Empire of Japan "most favoured nation" status. In Article VI, Japan received the right to establish concessions for mineral, timber, and other natural resources.$^{:17,33}$

## Aftermath

In January 1928, Gotō Shinpei visited the Soviet Union and negotiated for the continuation of Japanese fishing companies in Soviet waters and vice versa. Coal and oil companies, and the Imperial Japanese Navy, invested in northern Sakhalin, creating the grounds for concessions. They exported coal and petroleum to Japan, and imported equipment to the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union would later provide the Empire of Japan with formal oil and coal concessions in Soviet Sakhalin that were expanded as late as 1939.$^{:17,33}$ and lasted until 1943. Japan formed the state owned firm North Sakhalin Oil (Kita-Sakhalin Oil Co., Ltd. (北樺太石油)) which extracted oil from the OKHA Oil Field (Oha Oil Field (オハ油田)) near Okha on North Sakhalin from 1926 to 1944. After the deportation of Koreans to Central Asia, some two thousand Soviet Koreans (or more) remained on northern Sakhalin for the expressed purpose of working on the Soviet-Japanese concessions (ie. joint-ventures), refuting the stated rationale for the deportation of Koreans ("to prevent the infiltration of Japanese espionage").
# Arthur Munro

John Arthur Ruskin Munro (1864–1944) was the Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford.
J. A. R. Munro was the son of the Pre-Raphaelite sculptor Alexander Munro. He was educated at Charterhouse School in southern England, as was his younger brother Henry Acland Munro.
Munro was an archaeologist, a historian and a teacher. There is a collection of his lectures, on ancient Greece and on the history of Athens, in Bodleian Archives & Manuscripts, the Bodleian Library, Oxford (MSS. Eng. misc. d. 642–643).
Munro left artworks to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.

## Books

* William Cliffe Foley Anderson, Francis John Haverfield, Joseph Grafton Milne, and John Arthur Ruskin Munro, On the Roman town of Doclea in Montenegro.
# Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Polytechnic

Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Polytechnic is a government polytechnic college located in Berachampa, North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. This polytechnic is affiliated to the West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, and recognised by AICTE, New Delhi. This polytechnic offers diploma courses in Civil, Electrical, Mechanical Engineering and Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering.
# Wołuszewo

Wołuszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Kujawski, within Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Aleksandrów Kujawski and 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Toruń. It is located in the historic region of Kuyavia.

## History

Wołuszewo was mentioned in documents in 1583. It had a population of 340 in 1827
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in October 1939–January 1940, the Germans murdered many Poles from the village in the nearby Odolion forest, and at about the same time they expelled hundreds of Poles, who were either deported to the General Government or held as forced labour, while their farms were handed over to Germans as part of the Lebensraum policy (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).

## Transport

The Polish north-south A1 motorway runs nearby, west of the village.

## Cuisine

The officially protected traditional food originating from Wołuszewo is local butter (Masło wiejskie z Wołuszewa), as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland.
# Max Hengel

Max Hengel (8 May 1977 – 17 August 2024) was a Luxembourgish politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2022, representing the East constituency until his death on 17 August 2024.

## Life and career

Hengel was born on 8 May 1977 in Luxembourg City and was raised in Wormeldange. He joined the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) in 1998 and studied law, history, and political science.
He was first elected to the municipal council of Wormeldange from 2011 to 2017. In the 2017 elections, Hengel received the most votes with 701 and Mathis Ast came second place with 606. However, Hengel's team won four seats while Ast's team won five seats. Despite losing the majority, Hengel claimed the position of mayor. A few days later, an agreement was reached between Hengel and Ast where the former would serve as mayor and the latter as a municipal alderman for three years. Ast would then take over as mayor and Hengel as a municipal alderman and both would serve the remaining three years. Hengel was sworn in as mayor and Ast as a municipal alderman on 16 November 2017. Following his election as mayor, he stepped down as the president of basketball club Musel Pikes after serving in the position for seven years. In accordance with the agreement made, on 4 November 2020, Ast was sworn in as mayor of Wormeldange and Hengel became a municipal alderman.
Following the resignation of Françoise Hetto-Gaasch, Hengel was slated to succeed her seat in the East constituency of the Chamber of Deputies. Hengel was sworn in on 11 January 2022. He was selected to co-lead the CSV ticket in the East constituency for the 2023 election, alongside Léon Gloden. Hengel retained his seat in the election.
In an interview with RTL, Hengel stated his intentions to run for mayor of Wormeldange again in 2023. Hengel ended up running for the list Är Equipe fir d'Wormer Gemeen and won with 1,677 votes, placing first place. Hengel was selected as Wormeldange's mayor and served from July 2023 until his death in August 2024.

### Death

On 17 August 2024, Hengel died from colorectal cancer at the age of 47. Prime Minister of Luxembourg Luc Frieden described Hengel's death as "a major loss for our political landscape and for the CSV". Ricardo Marques, deputy mayor of Echternach, was selected as Hengel's successor; he was sworn in on 10 October. Marques was previously a candidate in the 2023 Chamber of Deputies election.
# Louise, Queen of Prussia (film)

Louise, Queen of Prussia (German: Luise, Königin von Preußen) is a 1931 German historical drama film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Henny Porten, Gustaf Gründgens, and Ekkehard Arendt. The film's art director was Franz Schroedter.
It depicts the life of Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1776–1810), the wife of Frederick William III of Prussia. It forms part of the Prussian film genre.
The film was produced by Porten's own production company, founded during the silent era when she was a dominant German star. The failure of the film led to the financial ruin of Porten's production company, and she appeared in far fewer films after this point.

## Cast

* Henny Porten as Königin Luise
* Gustaf Gründgens as König Friedrich Wilhelm III
* Ekkehard Arendt as Prinz Louis Ferdinand
* Vladimir Gajdarov as Zar Alexander
* Friedrich Kayßler as Freiherr von Stein
* Helene Fehdmer [de; es] as Gräfin Voss
* Paul Gunther as Napoleon
* Christiane Grautoff [de] as Knabe
* Inge Landgut as Mädchen
* Friedrich Ettel
* Friedrich Gnaß
* Bernhard Goetzke
* Ferdinand Hart
* Eva L'Arronge [de]
* Aribert Mog
* John Mylong
* Veronika Nargo
* Walter Steinbeck
* Hugo Werner-Kahle
* Paul Westermeier
# Rumen Nikolov (footballer)

Rumen Nikolov (Bulgarian: Румен Николов; born 5 February 1990) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a forward for Aksakovo and coach at Asparuhovo academy, where he is one of the establishers.

## Career

In November 2009 Cherno More's manager Velizar Popov selected Nikolov for the main squad, and on 28 March 2010 he made his debut in the A PFG at the age of 20 against Minyor Pernik. He decided to wear number 90.
In August 2017 Nikolov joined Dobrudzha Dobrich.
In June 2023, Nikolov together with George Dobrev established an academy in Asparuhovo, Varna called FC Asparuhovo.
On 29 February 2024 he left Septemvri Tervel for Aksakovo.

## Career statistics

As of 1 June 2013
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Cherno More | 2009–10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 9 | 1 |
| Cherno More | 2010–11 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 18 | 3 |
| Cherno More | 2011–12 | 19 | 4 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 20 | 4 |
| Neftochimic Burgas | 2012–13 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 13 | 1 |
| CD Mijas | 2012–13 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 9 | 13 |
| Career totals | Career totals | 64 | 22 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 22 |
# Suburbicarian diocese

The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Catholic dioceses located in the vicinity of Rome, whose (titular) bishops are the (now six) ordinary members of the highest-ranking order of cardinals, the cardinal bishops (to which the cardinal patriarchs were added). Pope Francis has, in addition, co-opted five cardinals of the Latin Church to join the ranks of the cardinal bishops.
Being awarded the titular title of a suburbicarian see is considered more an honor or prestige than aimed towards a functional intent.

## Seven suburbicarian sees

The suburbicarian dioceses have varied slightly over time and nowadays consist of:
* the Diocese of Ostia (since 1150 the additional see of the Dean of the College of Cardinals)
* the Diocese of Velletri-Segni
* the Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina
* the Diocese of Frascati (Tusculum)
* the Diocese of Palestrina
* the Diocese of Albano
* the Diocese of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto
The see of Ostia is conferred on the Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to the see he already had. (Until 1914, the dean received the see of Ostia and Velletri in place of the see he had earlier. The sees of Ostia and Velletri were separated in 1914.) The cardinal-dean used to be the longest-serving cardinal bishop, but is now chosen by the six cardinal bishops with the approval of the Pope.

### Incumbents

| See | Incumbent | Appointed |
| Ostia | Giovanni Battista Re | 2020 |
| Sabina–Poggio Mirteto | Giovanni Battista Re | 2002 |
| Velletri–Segni | Francis Arinze | 2005 |
| Porto–Santa Rufina | Beniamino Stella | 2020 |
| Frascati | Tarcisio Bertone | 2008 |
| Palestrina | José Saraiva Martins | 2009 |
| Albano | Robert Francis Prevost | 2025 |

## Diocesan administration

The increasing involvement of the cardinal bishops in the administration of the papal curia resulted in a detachment from their dioceses. Therefore, some of them, in particular the cardinal-bishops of Sabina and Velletri, have for centuries had auxiliary bishops and in 1910 Pope Pius X's apostolic constitution Apostolicae Romanorum made this practice obligatory for all suburbicarian dioceses.
In 1962, Pope John XXIII in his decree Suburbicarii sedis made the cardinal bishops into titular bishops and made provision for the appointment of separate residential diocesan bishops for Velletri-Segni, Porto-Santa-Rufina, Frascati, Palestrina, Albano and Sabina. For the diocese of Ostia – the titular diocese of the Dean of the College of Cardinals – no resident diocesan bishop was appointed; it is entrusted to an apostolic administrator, which is always the Cardinal Vicar of Rome. Though the diocesan bishops exercise all episcopal administrative functions, the cardinal bishops still formally take possession of their titular dioceses.
# Rich Hosek

Rich Hosek is a television writer and novelist whose screen credits include Star Trek: Voyager, Hope and Gloria, Pacific Blue, The New Addams Family, and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. He received a Leo Award for his work on The New Addams Family. His writing credits are all with writing partner Arnold Rudnick. He started working in television in 1990 as a production assistant, later a writers assistant, on the series A Different World.
His novels include books in the Raney/Daye Investigation series, co-written with Arnold Rudnick and Loyd Auerbach:
Near Death (2020)
After Life (2021)
And a series of "everyman thrillers" From the Files of Eddie Horne:
The Dead Kids Club (2021)
The Tenth Ride (2021)
He attended the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign campus where he majored in Computer Engineering. While there, he was a chimes player at Altgeld Hall. He now works in information technology.
# BK

BK or Bk may refer to:

## Businesses and organizations

* Burger King, a chain of fast-food restaurants
* The Bank of New York Mellon, the New York Stock Exchange symbol for The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (NYSE: BK)
* Brahma Kumaris, a religious movement
* British Knights, a manufacturer of athletic shoes
* Okay Airways (IATA airline code BK)

## Law

* Bosnia and Herzegovina (obsolete NATO and FIPS 10-4 country code BK)
* Criminal Code of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamasis kodeksas), in short
* Federal Criminal Police Office (Austria) (Bundeskriminalamt), a federal police force

## Science and technology

* BK channel, an ion channel characterized by its large conductance of potassium ions through cell membranes
* BK virus, a member of the polyomavirus family
* Berkelium (Bk), a chemical element
* Elektronika BK, a series of 16-bit PDP-11-compatible Soviet home computers developed by NPO Scientific Center
* Bordkanone, an aircraft cannon
* Brother's Keeper (software), a genealogy software program
* TU Delft Faculty of Architecture (Dutch: Faculteit Bouwkunde)
* Bradykinin, a peptide targeted by ACE inhibitors

## Other uses

* B.K. Cannon, (born 1990), actress from Hawaii, USA
* BK (musician), (born 1973), the working name of the English hard house producer Ben Keen
* BK Racing, a former NASCAR team
* Bankruptcy, a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay debts
* Berkeley (disambiguation), in short
* Brooklyn, a borough of New York City
* Banjo-Kazooie, a series of video games
# Baculifera confusa

Baculifera confusa is a species of lignicolous (wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found in Australia.

## Taxonomy

Baculifera confusa was formally described as a new species in 2020 by Australian lichenologist the John Elix. The species name confusa follows from its previous confusion with Baculifera xylophila. The type locality of Baculifera confusa was collected in South Australia at Murray Park Flora and Fauna Reserve, Murray Bridge. It was found at an altitude of 30 m (98 ft), growing on dead wood in remnant mallee scrub with Callitris and Eucalyptus. The holotype was collected by the author on 31 December 2005.

## Description

The thallus of Baculifera confusa is crustose, endophloeodal and not apparent, or epiphloedal, extending up to approximately 15 mm wide. It varies in colour from pale grey to dark brown and is up to 100 μm thick. The lichen has a rimose or rimose-areolate texture, with areoles measuring 0.1–0.4 mm wide. The lichen does not produce soredia, and the prothallus is marginal, black when abutting other lichens, or not apparent. The medulla lacks calcium oxalate, and the photobiont cells are 10–20 μm wide.
The species is similar to Baculifera xylophila, but it can be distinguished by its colourless to pale yellow-brown hypothecium, smaller ascospores measuring 11–17 by 6–8 μm, and shorter conidia, 5–6 μm long.

## Habitat and distribution

Baculifera confusa is found on dead wood in inland areas of southern Western Australia, South Australia, and New South Wales. It often coexists with other lichen species such as Amandinea extenuata, Austromelanelixia piliferella, Austroparmelina conlabrosa, A. pseudorelicina, Buellia reagenella, Flavoparmelia rutidota, Japewiella variabilis, Physcia jackii, Ramboldia brunneocarpa, and Usnea inermis.