# Zorawar Chand Bakhshi

Lieutenant General Zorawar Chand 'Zoru' Bakshi PVSM, MVC, VrC, VSM (21 October 1921 or 2 January 1921 – 24 May 2018) was a General Officer of the Indian Army, most widely known as one of the commanders of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (Operation Ablaze). He also has the distinction of being "India's most decorated General".

## Family and early life

Bakshi was born to Bahadur Bakshi Lal Chand, a decorated soldier in the British Indian Army who held the OBI. He was born in Gulyana in the Rawalpindi District of the Punjab Province of British India. As with many other non-muslims of that region, his family had to shift to the newly-created Dominion of India after the Partition of India for being Hindu. Prior to the partition, he graduated from Rawalpindi's Gordon College in 1942 after which he joined the Indian Military Academy in Dehra Doon.

## Military career
### World War II

Bakshi was commissioned into the Baloch Regiment of the British Indian Army in 1943. Later he also did a course at Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS), UK. His first major battle was against the Japanese in Burma in World War II, where he earned a Mention in Despatches for overcoming a heavily fortified Japanese position. After the liberation of Burma, he participated in the operations to liberate Malaysia from Japanese control, earning a fast-track promotion to the rank of a Major for his role.

### Post-Independence

Upon the Partition of India in 1947, Bakshi was transferred to the 5th Gorkha Rifles regiment of the Indian Army. In the Indo Pakistani War of 1947-1948, he was awarded a Vir Chakra for his bravery in July 1948. Soon afterward he was awarded the MacGregor Medal in 1949. In 1951, he was selected to attend the Defence Services Staff College in Wellington.
In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Bakshi was instrumental in the capture of the Haji Pir Pass from the Pakistani Forces, for which he was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra. The citation for the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:
   Gazette Notification: 9 Pres/66,1-1-66
   Operation: 1965 May - Ablaze Date of Award: 05 Aug 1965
   BRIGADIER ZORAWAR CHAND BAKSHI, VrC (IC-1510)
   Brigadier Zorawar Chand Bakshi was commander of a brigade in Aug-Sept 1965 employed on the difficult task of capturing Basali, Haji Pir Pass and Kahuta, which was vital for the Uri-Poonch link-up. The road connecting Uri and Poonch via Haji Pir had deteriorated due to disuse and some places it had disintegrated. There was no direct route for an approach to Haji Pir except over the mountain ranges. Haji Pir at an altitude of 9,000 feet had strong enemy defensive positions forward of it and flanking it.
   Throughout, Brigadier Bakshi remained foremost. As soon as an objective was captured, he was there personally to guide and help in the reorganisation. Many a time, though enemy shelling was intense and continuous, he remained in the forefront without regard for his personal safety. After the capture of Haji Pir, he moved forward his tactical headquarters immediately, though he knew that the enemy would most certainly counter-attack it viciously.
   Throughout this operation, Brigadier Bakshi displayed a high standard of planning and tactical skill, combined with outstanding leadership, determination and camaraderie in sharing the hardships of his troops, which were in the highest traditions of our Army.
In the early 1960s he led his battalion in a United Nations Operation to undo the secession of the province of Katanga from Congo, in the process earning a Vishisht Seva Medal. In 1969–1970, he led successful counter-insurgency operations in pockets of North East India, and was promoted to major-general on 23 November 1970. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 he was instrumental in the capture of territory in what is now referred to as the crucial Chicken-Neck Sector, for which he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal. On 7 September 1974, he was appointed Military Secretary with the rank of lieutenant-general. On 15 December 1976, he was granted an extension of service past his statutory retirement age to 1 January 1979.
He is popularly known as "Zoru" in the Indian Army.

## Military awards and aecorations

| Param Vishisht Seva Medal | Maha Vir Chakra | Vir Chakra | Vishisht Seva Medal |
| General Service Medal Medal | Samar Seva Star | Paschimi Star | Raksha Medal |
| Sangram Medal | Sainya Seva Medal | Videsh Seva Medal | Indian Independence Medal |
| 25th Anniversary of Independence Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 9 Years Long Service Medal | India Service Medal |
| 1939–1945 Star | Burma Star | War Medal 1939–1945 | UN Operation in the Congo |

## Dates of rank

| Rank | Component | Date of rank |
| Second Lieutenant | British Indian Army | 27 June 1943 (emergency) 27 December 1944 (substantive) |
| Lieutenant | British Indian Army | 27 December 1943 (war-substantive) 3 March 1947 (substantive) |
| Lieutenant | Indian Army | 15 August 1947 |
| Major | Indian Army | 1947 (temporary) |
| Captain | Indian Army | 27 June 1949 |
| Captain | Indian Army | 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia) |
| Major | Indian Army | 27 June 1956 |
| Lieutenant-Colonel | Indian Army | |
| Colonel | Indian Army | 16 February 1967 |
| Brigadier | Indian Army | 15 May 1968 |
| Major General | Indian Army | 23 November 1970 |
| Lieutenant-General | Indian Army | 7 September 1974 |