# List of political parties in Russia

This article discusses political parties in Russia.
The Russian Federation has a de jure multi-party system, however it operates as a dominant-party system. As of 2020, six parties have members in the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party (United Russia). As of July 2023, 27 political parties are officially registered in the Russian Federation, 25 of which have the right to participate in elections.

## History

After the Perestroika reforms in the 1980s Russia had over 100 registered parties, but the people elected to the State Duma represented only a small number of parties. After 2000, during Vladimir Putin's first presidency (2000–2008), the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only seven parties in Russia, and every new attempt to register new parties was blocked. The last registered party of this period was the government-organized Right Cause (now the Party of Growth) which was registered on 18 February 2009. Before the 2011 parliamentary election, about 10 opposition parties were denied registration.
In 2001, the federal law "On political parties" was adopted. All parties had to be re-registered. Parties have been assigned the status of the only type of public association that has the right to independently nominate candidates for deputies and other elective positions in government bodies. One of the major provisions of the law is the establishment of a single national status of a political party, and, as a result, the liquidation of regional and interregional political public associations. According to paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 95-FZ “On Political Parties”, a political party in Russia is recognized as "a public association created for the purpose of participation of citizens of the Russian Federation in the political life of society through the formation and expression of their political will, participation in public and political actions, in elections and referendums, as well as in order to represent the interests of citizens in state authorities and local governments".
In December 2004, amendments were introduced requiring a minimum number of party members of 50,000 and the presence of more than 45 regional branches of 500 people each. By January 1, 2006, all parties had to submit documents proving that their party structures complied with the requirements of the law on the minimum number of members and the number of regional branches.
In 2009, a bill was introduced to reduce the minimum number of party members from 50,000 to 45,000, and from 500 to 450 members in regional branches. This law came into effect on January 1, 2010. The minimum number of party members was reduced again on January 1, 2012, to 40,000 and to 400 members per regional branch.
On February 28, 2012, an election law was adopted meaning parties were exempted from collecting signatures and making a cash deposit for nominating a party and its candidate, and gubernatorial elections were restored. The number of required signatures for candidates for the presidential elections was reduced from 2 million to 100,000 for party candidates, and 300,000 for self-nominated candidates. The electoral threshold for parties was also reduced from 7% to 5%.
On March 20, 2012, the State Duma approved a presidential bill to reduce the minimum number of political party members from 40,000 to only 500 people, and from 500 to 5 members for a regional branch.
However, after a series of mass protests and a 2011 European Court decision on the case of the Republican Party of Russia (now the People's Freedom Party), the law changed and the number of registered parties quickly increased to more than 48 as of December 2012.

### Party of Power

A "party of power" refers to a political party that has a close relationship with the executive branch of government such that the party appears to function as an extension of the executive rather than as an autonomous political organization. The concept resembles that of a cartel party. These parties are considered by some to have been especially established for support of the incumbent president or prime minister in the Russian parliament:
* Inter-regional Deputies Group/Democratic Russia (1990–1993, Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union/Congress of People's Deputies of Russia/Supreme Soviet of Russia)
* Democratic Choice of Russia (1993–1994)
* Our Home – Russia (1995–1999)
* Unity (1999–2001/2003)
* A Just Russia - For Truth (the second "party of power", supporting Vladimir Putin and opposing United Russia)
* United Russia (2001–present)

## Voter demographics

According to studies, United Russia voters in 2007 were younger and more market-oriented than the average voter. The party's electorate includes a substantial share of government employees, pensioners and military personnel, who are dependent on the state for their livelihood. Sixty-four percent of United Russia supporters are female. In the run-up to the 2011 Duma elections, it was reported that support for United Russia was growing among young people.
In April 2023, a survey on the issue of the dissolution of the United Russia Party was conducted among Russians. About 2,500 people participated in the survey, mostly aged 45+. The question was "Is it necessary to dissolve the United Russia party with the inability of its members to participate in political life in the future?" the answers were distributed as follows: 65% stated: "I am for dissolution without permission to participate in political life in the future", 3% stated "I am against dissolution", 6% stated "I am for dissolution, but with permission to participate in political life in the future", and 26% stated "I am for the dissolution of all bourgeois parties".

## Current parties

All parties registered with the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections across the country. A list of registered parties is placed on the Ministry website. In December 2012, there were 48 registered parties in Russia; 7 of them are currently represented in the State Duma as of 2021.

### Parties represented in the State Duma and the Federation Council

| Party | Party | Est. | Leader | Ideology | State Duma | Federation Council | Regional | Political position | Alliances |
| ER ЕР | United Russia Единая Россия | 2001 | Dmitry Medvedev | Statism Russian conservatism Russian nationalism | 325 / 450 | 136 / 178 | 2,683 / 3,908 | Big tent | ONF |
| KPRF КПРФ | Communist Party of the Russian Federation Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации | 1993 | Gennady Zyuganov | Communism Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism Neo-Stalinism (factions) | 57 / 450 | 4 / 178 | 523 / 3,908 | Left-wing to far-left | UCP–CPSU International: IMCWP |
| SRZP СРЗП | A Just Russia — For Truth Справедливая Россия — За правду | 2006 | Sergey Mironov, Zakhar Prilepin, Gennady Semigin | Social democracy Democratic socialism Social conservatism Russian nationalism | 27 / 450 | 3 / 178 | 230 / 3,908 | Centre to centre-left | ONF |
| LDPR ЛДПР | Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Либерально-демократическая партия России | 1992 | Leonid Slutsky | Pan-Slavism Monarchism Economic interventionism Social conservatism Right-wing populism Ultranationalism | 23 / 450 | 3 / 178 | 239 / 3,908 | Right-wing to far-right | |
| NL НЛ | New People Новые люди | 2020 | Alexey Nechayev | Communitarianism Regionalism Direct democracy | 15 / 450 | 0 / 178 | 56 / 3,908 | Centre-right | SPPS |
| Rodina Родина | Rodina Родина | 2012 | Aleksey Zhuravlyov | Russian nationalism Russian conservatism Social conservatism Right-wing populism | 1 / 450 | 0 / 178 | 11 / 3,908 | Far-right | ONF |
| GP ГП | Civic Platform Гражданская платформа | 2012 | Rifat Shaykhutdinov | Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism | 1 / 450 | 0 / 178 | 5 / 3,908 | Centre-right | |

### Parties represented in the regional parliaments

| Name | Name | Founded | Leader | Ideology | Regional parliaments | Position | Alliances |
| RPPSJ РППСС | Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice Российская партия пенсионеров за социальную справедливость | 2012 | Vladimir Burakov | Pensioners' interests Elderly interests Social justice Single-issue politics | 34 / 3,908 | Centre | |
| CPCR КПКР | Communist Party "Communists of Russia" Коммунистическая партия «Коммунисты России» | 2012 | Maxim Suraykin | Communism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | 15 / 3,908 | Far-left | International: IMCWP (observer) |
| Yabloko Яблоко | Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko" Российская объединённая демократическая партия «Яблоко» | 1993 | Nikolay Rybakov | Social liberalism Progressivism Feminism Anti-war Pro-Europeanism | 11 / 3,908 | Centre-left | International: LI European: ALDE Party EGP (associated faction) |
| T-NV Т-НВ | Tatarstan — New Age Татарстан — новый век | 2023 | Rinat Zakirov | Tatar nationalism Environmentalism Putinism | 8 / 3,908 | Big Tent |
| REP "The Greens" РЭП «Зелёные» | Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | 2012 | Andrey Nagibin [ru] | Green politics Agrarianism | 5 / 3,908 | Centre to centre-left | ONF EAGP |
| GA! ЗА! | Green Alternative Зелёная альтернатива | 2020 | Ruslan Khvostov | Green politics Environmentalism Pro-Europeanism | 2 / 3,908 | Centre-left | |
| PSP ПСЗ | Political party of Social Protection Политическая партия социальной защиты | 2012 | Vladimir Mikhailov | Social justice | 2 / 3,908 | Centre | |
| PB ПД | Party of Business Партия дела | 2010 | Konstantin Babkin | Green politics Protectionism Economic nationalism | 1 / 3,908 | Centre to centre-left | |
| PDD ППД | Party of the Direct Democracy Партия прямой демократии | 2020 | Oleg Artamonov | Direct democracy E-democracy | 1 / 3,908 | Centre-right | |

### Parties in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine

| Name | Founded | Leader | Ideology | Location | Representation in regional legislature |
| Donetsk Republic | 2005 | Denis Pushilin | Russian nationalism Donbas separatism | Donetsk People's Republic | 74 / 100 |
| Free Donbas | 2014 | Vladimir Medvedev | Russian nationalism Donbas separatism | Donetsk People's Republic | 26 / 100 |
| Peace to Luhanshchyna | 2014 | Leonid Pasechnik | Donbas separatism Centrism (self-declared) | Luhansk People's Republic | 37 / 50 |
| Luhansk Economic Union | 2014 | Zinaida Nadion [ru] | Donbas separatism Liberal conservatism | Luhansk People's Republic | 13 / 50 |
| New Russia Party | 2014 | Pavel Gubarev Ekaterina Gubareva | Russian nationalism Eurasianism | Donetsk People's Republic | 0 / 100 |
| Volodymyr Saldo Bloc | 2019 | Vladimir Saldo | Kherson regionalism Decentralization Russophilia | Kherson Oblast | 0 / 64 |

## List of registered parties

| No. | Full name | Full name | Full name | Short name | Abbr. | Ideology | Position | Leader(s) | Created | Registration | Last federal elections results | Last federal elections results | Free access to the next legislative election | Note |
| No. | Full name | Full name | Full name | Short name | Abbr. | Ideology | Position | Leader(s) | Created | Registration | Presidential | Legislative | Free access to the next legislative election | Note |
| 1 | | | All-Russian political party "United Russia" Всероссийская политическая партия "Единая Россия" | United Russia | UR ЕР | Statism Russian conservatism Russian nationalism | Big tent | Dmitry Medvedev | 2001 | 2003 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 49.82% (Party list) 45.86% (SMC) (324 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2022-01-19 at the Wayback Machine Website |
| 2 | | | Political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation" Политическая партия "Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации" | Communist Party | CPRF КПРФ | Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic socialism Soviet patriotism Neo-Stalinism | Left-wing to far-left | Gennady Zyuganov | 1990 | 2002 | 11.77% (Pavel Grudinin) | 18.93% (Party list) 16.35% (SMC) (57 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 3 | | | Political party LDPR — Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Политическая партия ЛДПР – Либерально-демократическая партия Россия | Liberal Democratic Party | LDPR ЛДПР | Monarchism Economic interventionism Social conservatism Right-wing populism Russian ultranationalism | Right-wing to far-right | Vladimir Zhirinovsky | 1992 | 2002 | 5.65% (Vladimir Zhirinovsky) | 7.55% (Party list) 5.89% (SMC) (21 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 4 | | | Political party "Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko"" Политическая партия "Российская объединенная демократическая партия "Яблоко" | Yabloko Яблоко | Yabloko Яблоко | Social liberalism Social democracy Progressivism Feminism Trade unionism Pro-Europeanism | Centre to centre-left | Nikolay Rybakov | 1995 | 2003 | 1.05% (Grigory Yavlinsky) | 1.34% (Party list) 1.99% (SMC) (0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 5 | | | Socialist political party "A Just Russia — Patriots — For Truth" Социалистическая политическая партия "Справедливая Россия — Патриоты — За Правду" | A Just Russia — For Truth | SRZP СРЗП | Social democracy Democratic socialism Social conservatism Russian nationalism | Centre to Centre-left | Sergey Mironov | 2006 | 2006 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 7.46% (Party list) 8.78% (SMC) (27 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 6 | | | All-Russian political party "Party of Growth" Всероссийская политическая партия "Партия Роста" | Party of Growth | PG ПР | Conservatism Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism | Centre-right | Boris Titov | 2016 | 2016 | 0.76% (Boris Titov) | 0.52% (Party list) 0.94% (SMC) (1 seat) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 7 | | | Political party "People's Freedom Party" (PARNAS) Политическая партия "Партия народной свободы" (ПАРНАС) | People's Freedom Party | PARNAS ПАРНАС | Anti-Putinism Republicanism Liberalism Classical liberalism Federalism Atlanticism Anti-communism | Centre-right | Mikhail Kasyanov | 1990 | 2002 | DNP (endorsed Ksenia Sobchak and Grigory Yavlinsky) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 8 | | | Political party "Democratic Party of Russia" Политическая партия "Демократическая партия России" | Democratic Party | DPR ДПР | Conservatism | Centre-right to right-wing | Timur Bogdanov | 1990 | 2012 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Archived 2021-08-23 at the Wayback Machine |
| 9 | | | Russia of the Future Политическая партия "Партия прогресса" | Party of Progress | PP ПП | | | Nikolay Pakin | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback Machine |
| 10 | | | Political party "Russian Party of Freedom and Justice" Политическая партия "Российская партия свободы и справедливости" | Party of Freedom and Justice | RPFJ РПСС | Social democracy Russian nationalism Patriotism Federalism | Centre-left | Maksim Shevchenko | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | 0.77% (Party list) 0.68% (SMC) (0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile |
| 11 | | | Political party "Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" Политическая Партия "Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | REP "The Greens" РЭП «Зелёные» | REP "The Greens" РЭП «Зелёные» | Putinism Green politics Agrarianism | Centre | Andrey Nagibin [ru] | 1993 | 2012 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 0.91% (Party list) 0.98% (SMC) (0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Website |
| 12 | | | Political party Communist Party Communists of Russia Политическая Партия Коммунистическая партия Коммунисты России | Communists of Russia | CPCR КПКР | Communism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Anti-revisionism | Far-left | Maxim Suraykin | 2009 | 2012 | 0.68% (Maxim Suraykin) | 1.27% (Party list) 2.98% (SMC) (0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 13 | | | Public organization — political party "Russian All-People's Union" Общественная организация — политическая партия "Российский общенародный союз" | Russian All-People's Union | ROS РОС | Russian nationalism Pochvennichestvo Social conservatism Right-wing socialism | Right-wing | Sergey Baburin | 1991 | 2012 | 0.65% (Sergey Baburin) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 14 | | | All-Russian political party "Party for Fairness!" Всероссийская политическая партия "Партия за справедливость!" | Party for Fairness! | PARZAS! ПАРЗАС! | Social democracy | Centre-left | Vladimir Ponomarenko | 2012 | 2012 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 15 | | | Political party of Social Protection Политическая партия социальной защиты | Party of Social Protection | PSP ПСЗ | | | Vladimir Mikhailov | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 16 | | | Public organization All-Russian political party "Civilian Power" Общественная организация Всероссийская политическая партия "Гражданская сила" | Civilian Power | CP ГС | Green liberalism | Centre to centre-left | Kirill Bykanin | 2002 | 2012 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 0.14% (Party list) 0.16% (SMC) (0 seats) | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 17 | | | Political party "Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice" Политическая партия "Российская партия пенсионеров за социальную справедливость" | Party of Pensioners | RPPSJ РППСС | Pensioners' interests Elderly interests Social justice Single-issue politics | Centre | Vladimir Burakov | 1997 | 2012 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 2.45% (Party list) 3.58% (SMC) (0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 18 | | | Political party "Civic Platform" Политическая партия "Гражданская платформа" | Civic Platform | CP ГП | Conservatism Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism | Right-wing | Rifat Shaykhutdinov | 2012 | 2012 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 0.15% (Party list) 0.70% (SMC) (1 seat) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 19 | | | All-Russian political party "Party of Business" Всероссийская политическая партия "Партия дела" | Party of Business | PB ПД | Social conservatism Green politics Protectionism Economic nationalism Left patriotism | Centre to Centre-left | Konstantin Babkin | 2010 | 2012 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 20 | | | All-Russian political party "Rodina" Всероссийская политическая партия "Родина" | Rodina Родина | Rodina Родина | Russian nationalism Russian conservatism National conservatism Social conservatism Right-wing populism | Far-right | Aleksey Zhuravlyov | 2003 | 2012 | DNP (endorsed Vladimir Putin) | 0.80% (Party list) 1.51% (SMC) (1 seat) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 21 | | | Political party "Cossack Party of the Russian Federation" Политическая партия "Казачья партия Российской Федерации" | Cossack Party | CosPRF КаПРФ | Cossack interests | | Nikolay Konstantinov | 2013 | 2013 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 22 | | | All-Russian political party "Civic Initiative" Всероссийская политическая партия "Гражданская инициатива" | Civic Initiative | GRANI ГРАНИ | Liberalism Conservative liberalism | Centre-right | Andrey Nechayev | 2013 | 2013 | 1.68% (Ksenia Sobchak) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website Archived 2020-08-04 at the Wayback Machine |
| 23 | | | Political party "Party of Russia's Rebirth" Политическая партия "Партия возрождения России" | Party of Russia's Rebirth | PRR ПВР | Democratic socialism | Centre-left | Igor Ashurbeyli | 2002 | 2013 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 24 | | | Political party "People's Patriotic Party of Russia – Power to the People" Политическая партия «Народно-патриотическая партия России – Власть Народу» | People's Patriotic Party | PPPR НППР | | | Vladimir Miloserdov | 2018 | 2018 | DNP | New | ✘ | MJ profile Website |
| 25 | | | Political party "New People" Политическая партия «Новые люди» | New People | NP НЛ | Communitarism Regionalism | Centre-right | Alexey Nechayev | 2020 | 2020 | New | 5.32% (Party list) 4.88% (SMC) (13 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback Machine Website |
| 26 | | | Political party "Green Alternative" Политическая партия «Зелёная альтернатива» | Green Alternative | GA ЗА | Green politics Environmentalism Pro-Europeanism | Centre-left | Ruslan Khvostov | 2020 | 2020 | New | 0.64% (Party list) 0.22% (SMC) (0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Website |
| 27 | | | Political party "Party of Direct Democracy" Политическая партия «Партия прямой демократии» | Party of Direct Democracy | PDD ППД | Direct democracy E-democracy | Centre-right | Oleg Artamonov | 2020 | 2020 | New | DNP | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback Machine Website |

## Historical parties (1991–present)
### Far-left

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists Конфедерация анархо-синдикалистов | CAS КАС | Andrey Isaev [ru] Igor Podshivalov [ru] Alexander Shubin Vladlen Tupikin [ru] | Anarcho-syndicalism Syndicalism | 1988–1995 |
| Committee for Workers' Democracy and International Socialism Комитет за рабочую демократию и международный социализм | CWDIS КРДМС | Sergei Biets [ru] | Marxism Trotskyism | 1990–1999 Succeeded by RWP |
| Party of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat Партия диктатуры пролетариата | PDP ПДП | Grigory Isayev | Communism Proletarian internationalism | 1990–2020 |
| Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Коммунистическая партия Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики | CP RSFSR КП РСФСР | Ivan Polozkov [ru] Valentin Kuptsov [ru] | Communism Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | 1990–1993 (banned in 1991) Succeeded by CPRF |
| Russian Communist Workers Party Российская коммунистическая рабочая партия | RCWP РКРП | Viktor Anpilov Viktor Tyulkin | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Stalinism | 1991–2001 Merged into RCWP-RPC |
| Russian Party of Communists [ru] Российская партия коммунистов Revolutionary Party of Сommunists [ru] Революционная партия коммунистов | RPC РПК | Anatoly Kryuchkov [ru] | Communism Marxism | 1991–2001 Merged into RCWP-RPC |
| Communists — Labour Russia — For the Soviet Union [ru] Коммунисты — Трудовая Россия — За Советский Союз | KTR КТР | Viktor Tyulkin Anatoly Kryuchkov [ru] Viktor Anpilov | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism Soviet patriotism | 1995–1999 |
| Stalin Bloc – For the USSR Сталинский блок — За СССР | SB СБ | Yevgeny Dzhugashvili Viktor Anpilov Stanislav Terekhov [ru] | Communism Stalinism Marxism-Leninism Anti-revisionism Soviet patriotism National Communism | 1997–1999 |
| Socialist Resistance Социалистическое сопротивление | SocSopr СоцСопр | Collective leadership | Socialism Trotskyism | 1998–2011 Successed by SA |
| Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists Российская коммунистическая рабочая партия – Революционная партия коммунистов | RCWP-RPC РКРП-РПК | Viktor Tyulkin | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism | 2001–2007 (officially deregistered) |
| Resistance Movement named after Petr Alexeev Движение сопротивления имени Петра Алексеева | DSPA ДСПА | Dmitry Zhvania | Socialism Self-management socialism | 2004–2012 |
| All-Russian Communist Party of the Future [ru] Всероссийская коммунистическая партия будущего | VKPB ВКПБ | Vladimir Tikhonov Aleksandr Kuvayev [ru] | Communism Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | 2004–2009 |
| Socialist League "Forward" Социалистическое движение «Вперёд» | SLV СДВ | Collective leadership | Trotskyism Eco-socialism Socialist feminism | 2005–2011 Merged into RSM |
| Interprofessional Workers' Union [ru] Межпрофессиональный союз трудящихся | MPST МПСТ | Collective leadership | Anarcho-communism Anarcho-syndicalism | 2008–2019 |
| Russian United Labour Front Российский объединённый трудовой фронт | ROT FRONT РОТ ФРОНТ | Viktor Tyulkin Sergei Udaltsov | Communism Marxism–Leninism Socialism | 2010–2020 (officially deregistered) |
| Russian Maoist Party Российская маоистская партия | RMP РМП | Dar Zhutayev [ru] | Communism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism Anti-revisionism Proletarian internationalism Marxist feminism | 2000 |

### Left-wing

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Civil United Green Alternative Гражданская объединённая зелёная альтернатива | GROZA ГРОЗА | Oleg Mitvol (2009–2012) | Green politics Alter-globalism Anti-fascism Social justice | 1991–2012 |
| Labour Party (Russia) [ru] Партия труда | PT ПТ | Oleg Smolin | Democratic socialism Syndicalism | 1992–1994 |
| Agrarian Party of Russia Аграрная партия России | APR АПР | Mikhail Lapshin Vladimir Plotnikov | Agrarian socialism Collectivist anarchism | 1993–2008 Merged into United Russia Re-founded in 2012 |
| Socialist United Party of Russia Социалистическая единая партия России | SEPR СЕПР | Alexey Podberezkin Ivan Rybkin Vasily Shestakov [ru] | Socialism Socialist patriotism Christian left | 2002–2007 Merged into A Just Russia |
| Patriots of Russia Патриоты России | PR ПР | Gennady Semigin | Democratic socialism Social democracy Left-wing nationalism Soviet patriotism | 2005–2021 Merged into SRZP |

### Centre-left

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Social Democratic Party of Russia Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR СДПР | Pavel Kudyukin [ru] Oleg Rumyantsev [ru] Alexander Obolensky (politician) [ru] | Social democracy Social liberalism Democratic socialism | 1990–2011 |
| Civic Union Гражданский союз | CU ГС | Arkady Volsky | Social democracy Anti-Yeltsinism Federalism | 1992–1994 |
| Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | REP "The Greens" РЭП «Зелёные» | Yevgeny Belyaev (politician) [ru] Viktor Danilov-Danilyan [ru] Anatoly Panfilov [ru] | Green politics Environmentalism | 1992–2008 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012 |
| Russian Party of Social Democracy Российская партия социальной демократии | RPSD РПСД | Alexander Yakovlev Konstantin Titov | Social democracy Liberal democracy | 1994–2002 Merged into SDPR |
| Ivan Rybkin Bloc Блок Ивана Рыбкина | Rybkin Bloc Блок Рыбкина | Ivan Rybkin | Social democracy Agrarianism | 1995–1995 |
| Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour Профсоюзы – Промышленники России – Союз труда | ST СТ | Vladimir Shcherbakov (politician) | Trade unionism Industrialism | 1995–1996 |
| Party of Workers' Self-Government Партия самоуправления трудящихся | PST ПСТ | Svyatoslav Fyodorov | Social democracy Social liberalism | 1995–2006 |
| Russian United Social Democratic Party Российская объединённая социал-демократическая партия | RUSDP РОСДП | Mikhail Gorbachev | Social democracy | 2000–2001 Reorganized to SDPR |
| Party of Russia's Rebirth Партия возрождения России | PVR ПВР | Gennady Seleznyov | Social democracy Democratic socialism Humanism Federalism Civic nationalism | 2000–2008 Merged into Patriots of Russia Re-founded in 2012 |
| Social Democratic Party of Russia Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR СДПР | Mikhail Gorbachev Konstantin Titov | Social democracy Democratic socialism | 2001–2007 Succeeded by USD |
| Party of Social Justice Партия социальной справедливости | PSJ ПСС | Vladimir Kishenin Alexey Podberezkin | Democratic socialism Progressivism Social conservatism | 2002–2008 Merged into A Just Russia |
| Union of Greens of Russia Союз зелёных России | UGR СЗР | Alexey Yablokov | Green politics Environmentalism Civil rights | 2004–2006 Merged into Yabloko |
| Union of Social Democrats Союз социал-демократов | USD ССД | Mikhail Gorbachev | Social democracy | 2007–2013 |
| Green Alliance Альянс зелёных | GA АЗ | Oleg Mitvol Gleb Fetisov | Grassroots democracy Green politics Social democracy | 2012–2019 |
| Social Democratic Party of Russia Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR СДПР | Sirazhdin Ramazanov | Social democracy | 2012–2019 |

### Centrist

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Russian Democratic Reform Movement Российское движение демократических реформ | RDRM РДДР | Gavriil Popov Anatoly Sobchak | Liberal democracy Pro-CIS Federalism | 1992–1995 |
| Dignity and Charity Достоинство и милосердие | DC ДМ | Konstantin Frolov [ru] Nikolai Gubenko Vyacheslav Grishin | Disability rights Federalism | 1993–1993 |
| Future of Russia — New Names Будущее России — Новые имена | BRNI БРНИ | Vyacheslav Laschevsky | Youth politics Social policies | 1993–1994 |
| Women of Russia Женщины России | ZhR ЖР | Alevtina Fedulova Yekaterina Lakhova | Feminism Women's rights | 1993–1999 |
| Party of Russian Unity and Accord Партия российского единства и согласия | PRES ПРЕС | Sergey Shakhray | Reformism | 1993–1999 Merged into Unity |
| Russian Party of Pensioners Российская партия пенсионеров | RPP РПП | Sergei Atroshenko Igor Zotov | Pensioners' interests Elderly interests Social justice Single-issue politics Social conservatism | 1997–2007 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012 |
| Fatherland – All Russia Отечество – Вся Россия | OVR ОВР | Yury Luzhkov Yevgeny Primakov | Civic nationalism Social liberalism Regionalism | 1998–2002 Merged into United Russia |
| People's Party of the Russian Federation Народная партия Российской Федерации | NPRF НПРФ | Gennady Raikov Gennady Gudkov | Centrism Lobbyism | 1999–2007 Merged into A Just Russia |
| Russian Party of Life Российская партия жизни | RPL РПЖ | Sergey Mironov | Economic liberalism Third Way Russian nationalism | 2002–2006 Merged into A Just Russia |
| Union of People for Education and Science Союз людей за образование и науку | UPES СЛОН | Vyacheslav Igrunov [ru] | Social liberalism Support of science and education | 2002–2007 |
| Civilian Power Гражданская сила | GS ГС | Alexander Ryavkin [ru] Mikhail Barshchevsky | Green politics | 2002–2008 Merged into Right Cause Re-founded in 2012 |
| Committee 2008: A Free Choice Комитет 2008: Свободный выбор | Committee 2008 Комитет 2008 | Garry Kasparov | Liberalism Liberal democracy | 2004–2005 Successed by The Other Russia |
| Russian Democratic Party «Our Choice» Российская демократическая партия «Наш выбор» | Our Choice Наш выбор | Irina Khakamada | Liberalism Social liberalism | 2004–2006 Merged into RNDS |
| Yabloko-United Democrats Яблоко — Объединённые демократы | Yabloko-UD Яблоко-ОД | Ivan Novitsky [ru] | Social liberalism Liberal conservatism Green politics Pro-Europeanism | 2005–2005 |
| Russian People's Democratic Union Российский народно-демократический союз | RNDS РНДС | Mikhail Kasyanov | Liberalism | 2006–2012 Merged into RPR–PARNAS |
| The Other Russia Другая Россия | DR ДР | Garry Kasparov Eduard Limonov Mikhail Kasyanov | Big tent Liberal democracy National democracy Social democracy Social liberalism Civic nationalism National bolshevism | 2006–2010 |
| Independent Democratic Party of Russia Независимая демократическая партия России | IDPR НДПР | Mikhail Gorbachev Alexander Lebedev | Liberalism Social liberalism | 2008–2014/16 |
| People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" Партия народной свободы «За Россию без произвола и коррупции» | PARNAS ПАРНАС | Mikhail Kasyanov Vladimir Milov Boris Nemtsov Vladimir Ryzhkov | Liberalism Liberal democracy Anti-corruption | 2010–2012 Succeeded by RPR–PARNAS |
| People's Party of Russia Народная партия России | PPR НПР | Andrei Bogdanov Stanislav Aranovich | Centrism Populism Anarchism (factions) | 2012–2019 |
| Agrarian Party of Russia Аграрная партия России | APR АПР | Olga Bashmachnikova | Agrarianism Agricultural policy Centrism | 2012–2019 |
| Party of Pensioners of Russia Партия пенсионеров России | PPR ППР | Valery Ryazansky [ru] Nikolay Chebotarev | Pensioners' interests | 2012–2019 |

### Centre-right

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Democratic Union Демократический союз | DU ДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism | 1988–2014 |
| Conservative Party of Russia Консервативная партия России | CPR КПР | Lev Ubozhko [ru] | Conservatism Liberal conservatism Anti-communism | 1989–2005 |
| Peasant Party of Russia Крестьянская партия России | KPR КПР | Yuri Chernichenko [ru] | Liberalism Agrarianism Anti-communism | 1990–1999 |
| Russian Christian Democratic Party Российская христианско-демократическая партия | RCDP РХДП | Alexander Chuev [ru] | Christian democracy Conservatism | 1990–2002 |
| Party of Economic Freedom Партия экономической свободы | PEF ПЭС | Konstantin Borovoy | Liberalism Neoconservatism Economic liberalism | 1992–2003 Merged into SPS |
| Democratic Choice of Russia Демократический выбор России | DVR ДВР | Yegor Gaidar | Liberalism Conservative liberalism Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism | 1993–2001 Merged into SPS |
| Forward, Russia! Вперёд, Россия! | FR ВР | Boris Fyodorov | Liberal democracy Liberal conservatism Patriotism Conservatism | 1995–2002 Merged into RPR |
| Our Home – Russia Наш дом — Россия | NDR НДР | Viktor Chernomyrdin | Liberalism Liberal conservatism Fiscal conservatism | 1995–2006 Merged into United Russia |
| Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats Демократический выбор России — Объединенные демократы | DVR-OD ДВР-ОД | Yegor Gaidar | Liberal conservatism Anti-communism | 1995–1995 |
| Union of Right Forces Союз правых сил | SPS СПС | Sergey Kiriyenko Boris Nemtsov Nikita Belykh Leonid Gozman | Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Neoliberalism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism | 1999–2008 Succeeded by Right Cause |
| Liberal Russia Либеральная Россия | LR ЛР | Boris Zolotukhin [ru] Sergei Yushenkov Boris Berezovsky | Liberalism Liberal conservatism | 2000–2004 |
| New Course — Automobile Russia Новый курс — Автомобильная Россия | NCAR НКАР | Viktor Pokhmelkin [ru] Boris Fyodorov Leonid Olshansky | Liberalism Liberal conservatism Drivers' rights Anti-militarism | 2003–2003 |
| People's Party "For Women of Russia" Народная партия «За женщин России» | NPZZhR НПЗЖР | Galina Latysheva Galina Khavraeva | Women's rights Conservatism Neoconservatism Single-issue party | 2007–2019 |
| Right Cause Правое дело | PD ПД | Boris Titov Mikhail Prokhorov Leonid Gozman Georgy Bovt [ru] | Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism Pro-Europeanism in 2012-2016: National democracy National patriotism | 2008–2016 Succeeded by Party of Growth |
| Party of Growth Партия роста | PR ПР | Boris Titov | Liberal conservatism Conservative liberalism Economic liberalism | 2016–2024 |

### Right-wing

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular Freedom Конституционно-демократическая партия – Партия народной свободы | KDP-PNS КДП-ПНС | Mikhail Astafyev Sergei Rogozin | Russian nationalism National conservatism Constitutionalism Anti-Yeltsinism | 1991–2001 Merged into People's Will Re-founded in 2008 |
| Russian All-People's Union Российский общенародный союз | ROS РОС | Sergey Baburin | National conservatism Russian nationalism Pochvennichestvo Right-wing socialism Social conservatism | 1991–2001 Merged into People's Will Re-founded in 2008 |
| Congress of Russian Communities Конгресс русских общин | CRC КРО | Dmitry Rogozin Alexander Lebed Yury Skokov | Russian nationalism National conservatism Traditionalism | 1992–2004 Merged into Rodina in 2004 Re-founded in 2006 Merged into Rodina in 2012 |
| Popular Patriotic Party Народно-патриотическая партия | NPP НПП | Alexander Kotenev Anatoly Gil | Russian nationalism Social conservatism Veterans of Afghan war' interests Yeltsinism | 1992–1999 Merged into Unity |
| Social Patriotic Movement "Power" Социал-патриотическое движение «Держава» | Derzhava Держава | Alexander Rutskoy Konstantin Zatulin | Russian nationalism Social conservatism Patriotism Social patriotism Right-wing populism Pan-Slavism | 1995–1999 Merged into OVR |
| Power to the People! Власть — народу! | VN ВН | Nikolai Ryzhkov Sergey Baburin Yelena Shuvalova | Patriotism Social conservatism Pochvennichestvo Right-wing socialism | 1995–1995 |
| People's Republican Party of Russia [ru] Народно-республиканская партия России | NRPR НРПР | Alexander Lebed Vladimir Kushnerenko | National conservatism Social conservatism Third way Statism | 1995–2007 |
| Russian Socialist Party Русская социалистическая партия | RSP РСП | Vladimir Bryntsalov | Moderate conservatism Traditionalism Social conservatism | 1996–2001 Merged into United Russia |
| Inter-Regional Movement "Unity" Межрегиональное движение "Единство" | Unity Единство | Sergey Shoygu Vladimir Putin | Conservatism Fiscal conservatism Russian nationalism Centrism (officially) | 1999–2001 Reorganized to United Russia |
| People's Union Народный союз Party of National Revival "People's Will" Партия национального возрождения «Народная Воля» | NS НС Narodnaya Volya Народная Воля | Sergey Baburin | Russian nationalism Conservatism National conservatism Social conservatism Pochvennichestvo Patriotism | 2001–2008 Successed by ROS |
| For a Holy Russia [ru]За Русь святую | ZRS ЗРС | Sergei Popov (politician , born 1960) [ru] | Christian patriorism Conservatism Social conservatism Right-wing socialism Patriotism | 2002–2005 |
| Monarchist Party of Russia Монархическая партия России | MPR МПР | Anton Bakov Karl Emich of Leiningen | Restoration of the Russian monarchy Constitutional monarchism Russian conservatism | 2012–Present |
| Great Fatherland Party Партия Великое Отечество | PVO ПВО | Nikolai Starikov | Conservatism National conservatism Russian nationalism Centrism | 2013–2020 |

### Far-right

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| National Patriotic Front "Memory" Национально-патриотический фронт «Память» | Pamyat Память | Dmitri Vasilyev | Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Orthodox nationalism Christian fundamentalism Anti-communism antisemitism Anti-zionism Anti-Masonry Traditionalism National conservatism Monarchism | 1980–2003 Re-founded in 2005 |
| National Republican Party of Russia Национально-республиканская партия России | NRPR НРПР | Nikolay Lysenko (politician) [ru] | Russian ultranationalism Mono-national state Anti-internationalism Anti-cosmopolitanism Anti-communism | 1990–1998 |
| Russian National Unity Русское национальное единство | RNU РНЕ | Alexander Barkashov | Neo-Nazism Russian nationalism Antisemitism Islamophobia Anti-immigration Anti-communism Third Position | 1990–2000 (officially banned) |
| Russian All-National Union Русский общенациональный союз | RONS РОНС | Igor Artemov [ru] | Russian ultranationalism Orthodox nationalism Christian fundamentalism National capitalism White nationalism Anti-communism Anti-Sovietism Antisemitism Anti-LGBT Pan-Slavism | 1990–2011 |
| People's Liberation Movement "Ours" Народно-освободительное движение «Наши» | Nashi Наши | Alexander Nevzorov | Russian nationalism Soviet nationalism Statism Chauvinism | 1991–1993 |
| Russian Party Русская партия | RP РП | Viktor Korchagin Vladimir Miloserdov | Russian ultranationalism Russian irredentism Antisemitism Economic liberalism Anti-Christianity | 1991–1997 |
| Front of National Revolutionary Action Фронт национал-революционного действия | FNRD ФНРД | Ilya Lazarenko [ru] | Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary nationalism Neo-Fascism Neo-Nazism Strasserism Antisemitism Russian imperialism Orthodox fundamentalism | 1991–1999 |
| Oprichny Dvor Опричный двор National Socialist Russian Workers' Party Национал-социалистическая русская рабочая партия | Oprichniks Опричники NSRWP НСРРП | Mikhail Glukhov | Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Neo-Nazism Anti-Americanism Anti-Turkism Anti-communism | 1993–1997 |
| Russian National Union Русский национальный союз Russian National Socialist Party Русская национальная социалистическая партия | RNU РНС RNSP РНСП | Konstantin Kasimovsky | Neo-Nazism White power Racism Antisemitism Anti-caucasian Orthodox nationalism | 1993–1999 (RNU) 1999–2007 (RNSP) |
| Freedom Party (Russia) [ru] Партия свободы | PS ПС | Yuri Belyaev (politician) [ru] | Russian ultranationalism Neo-nazism Neo-fascism White nationalism Anti-immigration Anti-democracy antisemitism Anti-communism | 1994–2009 |
| People's National Party Народная национальная партия | PNP ННП | Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky | Russian ultranationalism Neo-fascism Neo-Nazism White nationalism Racism Antisemitism Statism | 1994–2009 |
| Slavic Union Славянский союз | SS СС | Dmitry Demushkin | Neo-Nazism White supremacism Pan-Slavism Anti-communism Xenophobia Antisemitism Anti-LGBT | 1999–2010 |
| Conceptual Party "Unity" Концептуальная партия «Единение» | CPU КПЕ | Konstantin Petrov (politician) [ru] | Social Security Conception of Dead Water Conspiracy theory Occultism Neopaganism Neo-Stalinism antisemitism Anti-communism Anti-Christianity Anti-Western sentiment | 2000–2007 |
| New Russian National Unity Новое Русское национальное единство | VOPD RNU ВОПД РНЕ | Mikhail Lalochkin Yevgeny Lalochkin | Neo-Nazism Russian ultranationalism Monarchism Orthodox nationalism Xenophobia | 2000–2013 |
| National Sovereignty Party of Russia Национально-державная партия России | NDPR НДПР | Alexander Sevastyanov Stanislav Terekhov | Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Antisemitism | 2002–2017 |
| Movement Against Illegal Immigration Движение против нелегальной иммиграции | DPNI ДПНИ | Vladimir Basmanov [ru] Alexander Belov Vladimir Yermolayev | Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Anti-immigration Xenophobia Anti-Islam | 2002–2011 |
| National Socialist Society Национал-социалистическое общество | NSO НСО | Political Council | Neo-Nazism Neo-fascism Russian ultranationalism | 2004–2010 |
| Northern Brotherhood Северное братство | NB СБ | Pyotr Khomyakov [ru] | Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary nationalism Ethnic nationalism Russian separatism Neo-Nazism Anti-immigration Anti-caucasian Antisemitism Nordicism | 2006–2012 |
| People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky Народное ополчение имени Минина и Пожарского | NOMP НОМП | Vladimir Kvachkov | Russian nationalism Ultranationalism Antisemitism Militarism Orthodox nationalism Soviet patriotism | 2009–2015 |
| Ethno-political Association "Russians" Этнополитическое объединение «Русские» | Russians Русские | Dmitry Demushkin Alexander Belov | Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Anti-immigration | 2011–2015 |
| Nation and Freedom Committee Комитет «Нация и свобода» | NFC КНС | Vladimir Basmanov [ru] | Russian ultranationalism Anti-communism Anti-immigration European nationalism Pan-Slavism | 2014–2020 |
| Male State Мужское государство | MG МГ | Vladislav Pozdnjakov [eo] | National patriarchy Russian ultranationalism Antifeminism Homophobia Anti-immigration | 2016–2020 |

### Syncretic

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| National Salvation Front Фронт национального спасения | NSF ФНС | Collective leadership | Statism National patriotism Russian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Soviet patriotism Anti-Yeltsinism | 1992–1994 (banned in 1993) |
| National Bolshevik Party Национал-большевистская партия | NBP НБП | Eduard Limonov | National Bolshevism Russian nationalism Neo-Sovietism Russian irredentism Anti-Western sentiment | 1993–2007 Succeeded by The Other Russia |
| Beer Lovers Party Партия любителей пива | BLP ПЛП | Dmitry Shestakov Konstantin Kalachev [ru] | Joke party Patriotism Protectionism Environmentalism Anti-establishment | 1993–1998 |
| Spiritual Heritage Духовное наследие | SH ДН | Alexey Podberezkin | Russian nationalism Moderate nationalism Patriotism Statism | 1995–2002 |
| Party of Peace and Unity Партия мира и единства | PME ПМЕ | Sazhi Umalatova | Internationalism Eurasianism Putinism Anti-Americanism Soviet nationalism | 1996–2008 Merged into Patriots of Russia Re-founded in 2012 |
| People's Patriotic Union of Russia Народно-патриотический союз России | NPSR НПСР | Gennady Zyuganov Gennady Semigin | Patriotism Nationalism Statism Soviet patriotism | 1996–2010 Merged into Patriots of Russia |
| People's Will Army Армия воли народа For Responsible Government За ответственную власть | AVN АВН ZOV ЗОВ | Yury Mukhin | Delocracy Russian nationalism National democracy Left-wing nationalism Anti-Bureaucracy Neo-Stalinism antisemitism | 1997–2011 2011–2015 |
| National Patriotic Union "Rodina" Народно-патриотический союз «Родина» | NPS "Rodina" НПС «Родина» | Dmitry Rogozin Sergey Glazyev Yury Skokov | Russian patriotism Social democracy Protectionism Economic nationalism | 2003–2006 Merged into A Just Russia Re-founded in 2012 |
| National Bolshevik Front Национал-большевистский фронт | NBF НБФ | Alexei Golubovich Maksim Shurkin | National Bolshevism Eurasianism Anti-Limonov tendency Russian ultranationalism Revolutionary socialism Left-wing nationalism Anti-liberalism Factions: Strasserism Antisemitism Ethnocentrism | 2006–2016 |
| Interregional Social Movement "Artpodgotovka" Межрегиональное общественное движение «Артподготовка» | Artpodgotovka Артподготовка | Vyacheslav Maltsev | Populism National democracy Russian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Socialism Anti-communism Liberalism Direct democracy | 2013–2017 |
| For Truth За правду | ZP ЗП | Zakhar Prilepin | National conservatism Paternalistic conservatism Russian nationalism Anti-liberalism Authoritarian capitalism National patriotism Hard euroscepticism | 2020–2021 Merged into SRZP |

### Regionalist parties

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active |
| Adyghe Hase Адыгэ Хасэ | AH АГ | Abubachir Skhalyakho Musa Shanibov Zaurbiy Naloyev [ru] Musa Psikhomakhov | Circassian nationalism | Big tent | 1988–present (Adygea, Krasnodar Krai) 1988–1993 (Kabardino-Balkaria) 1989–1995 (Karachay-Cherkessia) |
| Nijsxo Нийсхо | N Н | Issa Dashlakiyev | Ingush nationalism | Big tent | 1988–present (unregistered) |
| Khostug Tyva Свободная Тува Хостуг Тыва | KhT СТ ХТ | Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey | Tuvan nationalism Anti-communism Anti-Russian sentiment Pan-Turkism | Big tent | 1989–? |
| Sakha Omuk Саха Омук | SO СО | Andrei Borisov [ru] | Yakut nationalism Anti-communism Pan-Turkism | Big tent | 1990–1994 |
| Vainakh Democratic Party Вайнахская демократическая партия Вайнехан Демократан Цхьанкхетаралла | VDP ВДП ВДЦ | Zelimkhan Yandarbiev | Chechen separatism Chechen nationalism Anti-communism | Big tent | 1990–1993 |
| Buryat-Mongolian People's Party Бурят-Монгольская народная партия Буряад-Монгол Арадай Нам | BMPP БМНП БМАН | Mikhail Ochirov | Buryat nationalism Pan-Mongolism Anti-communism | Big tent | 1990–1997 |
| Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan Коммунистическая партия Республики Татарстан Татарстан Республикасы коммунистлар партиясе | CPRT КПРТ ТРКП | Robert Sadykov Alexander Saliy [ru] | Communism Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | 1991–2002 Merged into CPRF |
| Union for the National Revival of Alania Союз национального возрождения Алании | UNRA СНВА | Aleksandr Ramonov | National Bolshevism Ossetian nationalism Soviet patriotism | Far-left | 1991–? |
| Fatherland Socialist Party Отечество Фыдыбӕстӕ | F О Ф | Vadim Baskayev | Socialism Ossetian nationalism Anti-Ingush sentiment | Left-wing | 1993–2004 |
| Styr Nyxas Стыр Ныхас | SN СН | Mikhail Gioyev | Ossetian nationalism Styr Nyxas Anti-Ingush sentiment Anti-militarism | | 1993–? |
| Baltic Republican Party Балтийская республиканская партия | BRP БРП | Sergei Pasko Rustam Vasiliev | Kaliningrad independence Kaliningrad autonomism Social liberalism Pro-Europeanism Anti-communism | Centre-right | 1993–2005 |
| Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem" Марийская партия национального возрождения "Ушем" | Ushem Ушем | Vladimir Kozlov | Mari nationalism | Big tent | 1917–1918 (banned) 1989–? |
| Russian Unity Русское единство Руська єдність | RE РЕ РЄ | Maksym Kovalenko Sergey Aksyonov | Russian nationalism Russian irredentism Russophilia Crimean regionalism | Right-wing | 2008–2014 Merged into United Russia |

## Soviet parties (1917–1991)
### CPSU and factions

| Name | Name | Abbr. | Leader(s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active |
| Sole legal party (before 1990) ||||||||
| | Communist Party of the Soviet Union Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза | CPSU КПСС | Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin Georgy Malenkov Nikita Khrushchev Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov Konstantin Chernenko Mikhail Gorbachev Vladimir Ivashko | Communism Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | 1917–1991 |
| Factions inside the RKP(b), VKP(b) and CPSU |||||||
| | Left Communists Левые коммунисты | Left Communists Левые коммунисты | Nikolai Bukharin | Left communism World revolution | Left communism World revolution | 1918–1921 |
| | Group of Democratic Centralism Группа демократического централизма | Group of Democratic Centralism Группа демократического централизма | Valerian Obolensky Timofei Sapronov Vladimir Smirnov Andrei Bubnov Yakov Drobnis | Left communism Democratic centralism | Left communism Democratic centralism | 1919–1923 |
| | Workers' Opposition Рабочая оппозиция | Workers' Opposition Рабочая оппозиция | Alexander Shliapnikov Sergei Medvedev Alexandra Kollontai Yury Lutovinov | Trade unionism Council communism Anti-bureaucratism | Trade unionism Council communism Anti-bureaucratism | 1920–1922 |
| | Workers' Truth Рабочая правда | Workers' Truth Рабочая правда | Fanya Shutskever Efim Shulman Vladimir Khaikevich Yakov Budnitsky Pauline Lass-Kozlova Oleg Vikman-Beleev Nellie Krym | Anti-bureaucratism | Anti-bureaucratism | 1921–1923 |
| | Right Opposition Правая оппозиция | Right Opposition Правая оппозиция | Nikolai Bukharin Alexei Rykov Mikhail Tomsky | Agrarian socialism Anti-Stalinism New Economic Policy Anti-Collectivization | Agrarian socialism Anti-Stalinism New Economic Policy Anti-Collectivization | 1921–1933 |
| | Left Opposition Левая оппозиция | Left Opposition Левая оппозиция | Leon Trotsky | Trotskyism Anti-Stalinism Industrialism | Trotskyism Anti-Stalinism Industrialism | 1923–1927 |
| | Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party Рабочая группа Российской коммунистической партии | Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party Рабочая группа Российской коммунистической партии | Gavril Myasnikov | Left communism Anti-bureaucratism Workplace democracy | Left communism Anti-bureaucratism Workplace democracy | 1923–1930 |
| | United Opposition Объединённая оппозиция | United Opposition Объединённая оппозиция | Leon Trotsky Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev | Anti-New Economic Policy Anti-Stalinism Industrialism | Anti-New Economic Policy Anti-Stalinism Industrialism | 1926–1933 |
| | Left-Right Bloc Право-левый блок | Left-Right Bloc Право-левый блок | Vissarion Lominadze Sergey Syrtsov Jan Sten | Anti-Stalinism Anti-Collectivization | Anti-Stalinism Anti-Collectivization | 1929–1933 |
| | Union of Marxist-Leninists Союз марксистов-ленинцев | Union of Marxist-Leninists Союз марксистов-ленинцев | Martemyan Ryutin Vasily Kayurov | Anti-Stalinism | Anti-Stalinism | 1932–1932 |
| | Anti-Party Group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov and Shepilov, who joined them Антипартийная группа Маленкова, Кагановича, Молотова и примкнувшего к ним Шепилова | Anti-Party Group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov and Shepilov, who joined them Антипартийная группа Маленкова, Кагановича, Молотова и примкнувшего к ним Шепилова | Georgy Malenkov Lazar Kaganovich Vyacheslav Molotov Dmitri Shepilov | Anti-Khrushchevism Anti-De-Stalinization | Anti-Khrushchevism Anti-De-Stalinization | 1957–1957 |
| | Bolshevik Platform Большевистская платформа | Bolshevik Platform Большевистская платформа | Nina Andreyeva | Anti-Perestroika Neo-Stalinism Anti-liberalism | Anti-Perestroika Neo-Stalinism Anti-liberalism | 1988–1991 Succeeded by VKPB |
| | United Workers' Front Объединённый фронт трудящихся | United Workers' Front Объединённый фронт трудящихся | Viktor Stepanov Mikhail Popov Igor Malyarov | Soviet patriotism Proletarian internationalism Anti-separatism | Soviet patriotism Proletarian internationalism Anti-separatism | 1989–1991 Succeeded by RCWP |
| | Democratic Platform Демократическая платформа | Democratic Platform Демократическая платформа | Yury Afanasyev Boris Yeltsin Telman Gdlyan Nikolay Ivanov Nikolay Travkin Igor Chubais Vyacheslav Shostakovsky Alexander Minzhurenko | Perestroika Democratization Social liberalism | Perestroika Democratization Social liberalism | 1989–1991 Succeeded by RPRF |
| | Communist Initiative Movement Движение коммунистической инициативы | Communist Initiative Movement Движение коммунистической инициативы | Viktor Tyulkin Albert Makashov | Foundation of the Russian Communist Party Anti-capitalism Left-wing nationalism | Foundation of the Russian Communist Party Anti-capitalism Left-wing nationalism | 1989–1991 Succeeded by RCWP |
| | Marxist Platform Марксистская платформа | Marxist Platform Марксистская платформа | Alexander Buzgalin Sergey Skvortsov Alexey Prigarin Andrey Kolganov Anatoly Kryuchkov | Orthodox Marxism Marxism–Leninism | Orthodox Marxism Marxism–Leninism | 1990–1992 Succeeded by RCWP, RPC and SK |
| | Democratic Movement Демократическое движение | Democratic Movement Демократическое движение | Anatoly Sobchak Gavriil Popov Vladimir Lysenko Vyacheslav Shostakovsky Alexander Rutskoy | Social democracy Democratization | Social democracy Democratization | 1990–1992 Succeeded by NPSR |

### Clandestine and illegal parties

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active |
| Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries Партия левых социалистов-революционеров | Left SRs Левые эсеры | Boris Kamkov Mark Natanson Maria Spiridonova | Agrarian socialism Anti-Bolshevism Revolutionary socialism Narodism | Left-wing to far-left | 1917–1921 Clandestine since 1918 |
| True Communists Истинные коммунисты | TC ИК | Ivan Yatsuk Yuri Shokk Alexander Elin Shamil Gubaidulin Kamil Salakhutdinov | Marxism Anti-Stalinism Left communism | Far-left | 1940–1940 |
| Lithuanian Activist Front Литовский фронт активистов Lietuvių Aktyvistų Frontas | LAF ЛФА | Kazys Škirpa | Lithuanian independence Nazism Anti-communism Antisemitism Anti-Polonism | Far-right | 1940–1941 |
| People's Socialist Party of Russia "Viking" Народная социалистическая партия России «Викинг» | NSPR НСПР | Konstantin Voskoboinik Bronislav Kaminski | Nazism Russian nationalism Russian collaborationism Antisemitism Anti-communism | Far-right | 1941–1943 |
| Fighting Union of Russian Nationalists [ru] | | Vladimir Gil | collaborationism | Far-right | 1942 |
| Russian National Labor Party [ru] | | | Russian nationalism collaborationism | Far-right | 1943-? |
| Communist Party of Youth Коммунистическая партия молодёжи | CPM КПМ | Anatoly Zhigulin | Communism Marxism–Leninism Anti-Stalinism | Left-wing to far-left | 1946–1949 |
| All-Union Democratic Party Всесоюзная демократическая партия | VDP ВДП | Alexander Tarasov Viktor Belkin | Anti-Stalinism Socialism | Left-wing | 1948–1948 |
| Russian Party (USSR) [ru] | | | Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalism Antisemitism Factions: Stalinism Anti-communism | Far-right Syncretic | 1950s-1980s |
| Union of Struggle for the Cause of the Revolution Союз борьбы за дело революции | SBDR СБДР | Boris Slutsky Evgeny Gurevich Vladilen Furman | Anti-Stalinism Revolutionary socialism | Far-left | 1950–1951 |
| Baltic Federation Балтийская федерация Baltijas federācija | BF БФ | Gunārs Rode Dailis Rijnieks Jānis Rijnieks Aina Zābaka Ziedonis Rozenbergs Viktors Kalniņš Uldis Ofkants | Anti-Sovietism Latvian nationalism Latvian independence | Right-wing | 1957–1962 |
| Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) Советские революционеры-коммунисты (большевики) | RC (b) РК (б) | | Stalinism Anti-revisionism Marxism–Leninism Communism | Far-left | 1960-1991 |
| Communards Union [ru] | | S. D. Khakhaev Valery Ronkin [ru] | Khruschevism Anti-Brezhnevism Anti-Stalinism Communism | Far-left | 1963-1965 |
| National United Party Национальная объединённая партия Ազգային Միացյալ Կուսակցություն | NUP НОП ԱՄԿ | Haykaz Khachatryan Paruyr Hayrikyan | Armenian nationalism Armenian independence National democracy Liberalism Anti-communism | Big tent | 1966–1987 Succeeded by UNSD |
| Free Russia Party Партия свободной России Revolutionary Workers' Party Революционная рабочая партия | PSR ПСР RWP РРП | Victor Pestov Nikolay Shaburov | Anti-communism Anti-Sovietism | | 1968–1970 |
| Group of Revolutionary Communism Группа революционного коммунизма | GRK ГРК | Alexander Romanov Oleg Senin Valentin Kirikov | Marxism Social democracy | Left-wing | 1972–1972 |
| All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People Всероссийский социал-христианский союз освобождения народа | VSKhSON ВСХСОН | Igor Ogurtsov | Anti-communism Russian nationalism Social Christianity Third Position | Right-wing to far-right | 1972–1972 |
| Socialist Party of the Soviet Union Социалистическая партия Советского Союза | SPSU СПСС | Alexander Ganyushkin | Democratic socialism Self-governing socialism | Left-wing | 1972–1972/1990-1992 |
| Left School Левая школа | LS ЛШ | Natalia Magnat Olga Barash Inna Okup | Marxism–Leninism Trotskyism Atheistic existentialism New Left | Far-left | 1972/73–1977 |
| Party of New Communists Партия новых коммунистов | PNC РНК | Alexander Tarasov Vasily Minorsky | Neo-communism Orthodox Marxism Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism Direct democracy Trotskyism Neo-anarchism Anti-Stalinism | Far-left | 1972/73–1977 |
| Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet Union Неокоммунистическая партия Советского Союза | NCPSU НКПСС | Alexander Tarasov Natalia Magnat Vasily Minorsky Olga Barash Igor Dukhanov | Neo-communism Atheistic existentialism Communism Guevarism Neo-Marxism Anti-clericalism Trotskyism New Left | Far-left | 1974–1985 |
| Young Socialists (Dissidents) [ru] | | Boris Kagarlitsky Andrei Fadin [ru] Pavel Kudyukin [ru] | Social democracy (faction) Eurocommunism (faction) | Left-wing | 1977-1982 |
| Democratic Union Демократический союз | DU ДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism | Centre-right | 1988–2014 |

### Parties of the multi-party period

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active |
| Democratic Union Демократический союз | DU ДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalism Neoliberalism Laissez-faire Anti-Sovietism Anti-communism Anti-fascism Individualism Atlanticism | Centre-right | 1988–2014 |
| Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union Либерально-демократическая партия Советского Союза | LDPSU ЛДПСС | Vladimir Bogachov Vladimir Zhirinovsky | Russian nationalism Ultranationalism Right-wing populism Monarchism Before 1990: Liberalism Liberal conservatism | Right-wing to far-right Before 1990: Centre-right | 1989–1992 |
| Democratic Party of Russia Демократическая партия России | DPR ДПР | Nikolay Travkin | Anti-communism Centrism Liberalism | Centre-right | 1990–1992 |
| Socialist Party Социалистическая партия | SP СП | Boris Kagarlitsky Anatoliy Baranov Alexander Kolpakidi Vladimir Kondratov | Democratic socialism Self-governing socialism | Left-wing | 1990–1992 |
| Social Democratic Party of Russia Социал-демократическая партия России | SDPR СДПР | Pavel Kudyukin Oleg Rumyantsev Alexander Obolensky | Social democracy Social liberalism Democratic socialism | Centre-left | 1990–2011 |
| All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Всесоюзная Коммунистическая партия большевиков | VKPB ВКПБ | Nina Andreyeva | Communism Marxism–Leninism Bolshevism Anti-revisionism Stalinism | Far-left | 1991– |

## Parties of the Russian Empire (1721–1917)
### Pre-revolutionary organizations

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Decembrist Societies Общества декабристов | Decembrists Декабристы | Sergei Trubetskoy Nikita Muravyov Pavel Pestel Sergey Muravyov-Apostol and others | Constitutional monarchism Anti-Tsarist autocracy Anti-Serfdom Republicanism (factions) | 1816–1825 |
| Petrashevsky Circle Кружок Петрашевского | Petrashevtsy Петрашевцы | Mikhail Petrashevsky | Utopian socialism Agrarian socialism | 1844–1849 |
| Land and Liberty Земля и воля | Zemlevolists Землевольцы | Collective leadership | Narodism Agrarianism Agrarian socialism (1860–64) Anarcho-collectivism (1876–1879) | 1860–1864, 1876-1879 |
| Committee of Russian Officers in Poland Комитет русских офицеров в Польше | KROP КРОП | Vasily Kaplinski Jarosław Dąbrowski Andrey Potebnya Zygmunt Padlewski | Narodism Republicanism | 1861–1863 |
| Grand Propaganda Society Большое общество пропаганды | Tchaikovtsy Чайковцы | Nikolai Tchaikovsky Sophia Perovskaya Mark Natanson | Narodism Revolutionary socialism | 1871–1874 |
| Bashenists Башенцы | Bashenists Башенцы | Grigory Popko Innokenty Voloshenko Fedor Shcherbina | Radical Narodism Republicanism | 1874–1877 |
| Narodnaya Volya Народная воля | Narodovolists Народовольцы | Collective leadership | Narodism Agrarian socialism Left-wing terrorism Revolutionary socialism | 1879–1884 |
| Black Repartition Чёрный передел | BR ЧП | Georgi Plekhanov Pavel Axelrod Osip Aptekman Leo Deutsch Vera Zasulich | Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism Federalism | 1879–1881 |
| Emancipation of Labour Освобождение труда | OT ОТ | Georgi Plekhanov Pavel Axelrod | Marxism Scientific socialism | 1883–1903 merged into RSDLP |
| Social Revolutionary Party of People's Right Социально-революционная партия Народного права | People's Right Народное право | Mark Natanson Nikolay Tyutchev | Narodism Revolutionary democracy | 1893–1894 |
| League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class Союз борьбы за освобождение рабочего класса | SBORK СБОРК | Vladimir Ulyanov | Marxism Social democracy | 1895–1897 merged into RSDLP |
| Workers' Party for the Political Liberation of Russia Рабочая партия политического освобождения России | RPPOR РППОР | Grigory Gershuni Catherine Breshkovsky | Narodism Revolutionary socialism | 1897–1900 |
| Workers' Banner Рабочее знамя | WB РЗ | Sergey Andropov Lydia Dan Viktor Nogin | Social democracy Anti-Economism | 1897–1902 |

### Post-revolutionary parties
#### Left-wing

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia Всеобщий еврейский рабочий союз в Литве, Польше и России אלגעמײנער יידישער ארבעטער־בונד אין ליטע, פױלן און רוסלאנד | Bund Бунд בונד | Victor Alter | Bundism Socialism Jewish Autonomism Non-Zionism Secularism | 1897–1921 |
| Russian Social Democratic Labour Party Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия | RSDLP РСДРП | Vladimir Ulyanov (Bolsheviks) Julius Martov (Mensheviks) | Marxist socialism Revolutionary socialism Social democracy | 1898–1912 |
| Socialist Revolutionary Party Партия социалистов-революционеров | Esers Эсеры | Viktor Chernov | Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism Democratic socialism Federalism Neo-Narodism | 1902–1921 |
| Zionist Socialist Workers Party Сионистско-социалистическая рабочая партия ציוניסטישע סאציאליסטישע ארבעטער פארטיי | SS СС צס | Naum Syrkin Ber Borochov | Socialism Zionism Territorialism | 1905–1917 merged into UJSWP |
| Jewish Socialist Workers Party Социалистическая еврейская рабочая партия סאציאליסטישע יידישע ארבעטער פארטײ | SEPR СЕРП סיאפ | Chaim Zhitlowsky | Socialism National personal autonomism | 1905/6-1917 merged into UJSWP |
| Labour Popular-Socialist Party Трудовая народно-социалистическая партия | Enes's Энесы | Alexey Peshekhonov Nikolai Annensky Venedikt Miakotin | Neo-Narodism Popular socialism Agrarian socialism Social democracy Left-wing nationalism | 1906–1921 |
| Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion) Еврейская социал-демократическая партия (Поалей Цион) יידישע סאציאל דעמאקראטישער ארבעטער פארטיי (פאלעי ציון) | JSDLP(PZ) ЕСДРП(ПЦ) יסדאפ (פצ) | Ber Borochov Yitzhak Ben-Zvi | Marxism Socialist Zionism Socialism Centrist Marxism | 1906–1928 |
| Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries-Maximalists Союз социалистов-революционеров-максималистов | Maximalists Максималисты | Mikhail Sokolov Vladimir Mazurin | Revolutionary socialism Neo-Narodism Left-wing terrorism Anti-capitalism | 1906–1911, 1917-1919 |
| Labour Group Трудовая группа | Trudoviks Трудовики | Alexey Aladyin Alexander Kerensky | Social democracy Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism | 1906–1921 |
| Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (большевиков) | RSDLP(b) РСДРП(б) | Vladimir Lenin Grigory Zinoviev | Communism Bolshevism | 1912–1918 Successed by RCP(b) |
| Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks) Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (меньшевиков) | RSDLP(m) РСДРП(м) | Julius Martov Pavel Axelrod Fyodor Dan | Social democracy Democratic socialism Menshevism | 1912–1918 |
| Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists) Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (интернационалистов) | Mezhraiontsy Межрайонцы | Leon Trotsky Moisei Uritsky Adolph Joffe V. Volodarsky | Marxist socialism Proletarian internationalism Bolshevism-Menshevism | 1913–1917 Merged into RSDLP(b) |
| Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries Партия левых социалистов-революционеров | Left SRs Левые эсеры | Boris Kamkov Mark Natanson Maria Spiridonova | Agrarian socialism Anti-Bolshevism (since 1918) Revolutionary socialism Neo-Narodism | 1917–1921 |
| Russian Socialist Labour Party of Internationalists Российская социалистическая рабочая партия интернационалистов | RSLPI РСРПИ | Boris Avilov Vladimir Bazarov Viacheslav Volgin Nikolai Sukhanov | Marxist socialism Proletarian internationalism | 1917–1920 Merged into RCP(b) |
| Party of Narodnik Communists Партия народников-коммунистов | PNC ПНК | Grigoriy Zaks | Communism Neo-Narodism | 1918-1918 Merged into RCP(b) |
| Party of Revolutionary Communism Партия революционного коммунизма | PRC ПРК | Mark Natanson Alexei Ustinov Andrei Kolegayev | Integral socialism Neo-Narodism | 1918–1920 Merged into RCP(b) |
| Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion) Еврейская коммунистическая партия (Поалей Цион) יידישע קאמוניסטישע פארטיי (פאאלעי ציון) | JСP(PZ) ЕКП (ПЦ) יקפ (פצ) | Central Committee | Communism Marxism Proletarian internationalism Socialist Zionism | 1919–1922 Merged into RCP(b) |
| Union of Working Peasants Союз трудового крестьянства | STK СТК | Alexander Antonov Pyotr Tokmakov | Anti-communism Neo-Narodism Agrarian socialism Revolutionary socialism | 1920–1921 |

#### Centrist and moderate

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Progressive Economic Party of the Russian Empire Прогрессивно-экономическая партия Российской империи Commercial and Industrial Union of the Russian Empire Торгово-промышленный союз Российской империи Commercial and Industrial Party of the Russian Empire Торгово-промышленная партия Российской империи | PEP ПЭП TPS ТПС TPP ТПП | Grigory Krestovnikov | Anti-socialism Bourgeoisie interests | 1905-1905 |
| Party of the Legal Order Партия правового порядка | PPP ППП | Anatoly Savenko | Constitutional monarchism Russian nationalism | 1905–1917 |
| Ittifaq al-Muslimin Иттифак аль-Муслимин İttifaqi-Müslimin اتفاق المسلمين | Ittifaq Иттифак اتفاق | Alimardan bey Topchubashov Khalil bey Khasmammadov Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev | Islamic liberalism Jadidism Constitutional monarchism | 1905–1917 |
| Constitutional Democratic Party Конституционно-демократическая партия | Kadets Кадеты | Pavel Miliukov | Constitutionalism Constitutional monarchism Liberal democracy Parliamentarism Political pluralism Social liberalism | 1905–1917 |
| Union of October 17 Союз 17 октября | Octoberists Октябристы | Alexander Guchkov | Reformism Liberal conservatism Constitutional monarchism | 1905–1917 |
| Union of freedom, Truth and Peace Союз свободы, истины и мира | UFTP ССИМ | Ivan Prokhanov Nikolay Odintsov Pyotr Frizen | Christian democracy Mennonism Evangelical Christianity Left Baptism Constitutional monarchism | 1905–1906 |
| Party of Democratic Reform Партия демократических реформ | PDR ПДР | Maksim Kovalevsky | Classical liberalism | 1906–1907 Merged into Progressive Party |
| Party of Peaceful Renovation Партия мирного обновления | PMO ПМО | Pyotr Heiden Nikolay Lvov | Liberal conservatism Classical liberalism | 1906–1907 Merged into Progressive Party |
| Progressive Party Прогрессивная партия | Progressists Прогрессисты | Aleksandr Konovalov Ivan Yefryemov | Classical liberalism Conservative liberalism Constitutional monarchism | 1907–1917 |

#### Right-wing

| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active |
| Russian Assembly Русское собрание | RS РС | Dmitri Golitsyn Nikolai Engelhardt | Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality Monarchism Conservatism Russian nationalism | 1900–1917 |
| Russian Brotherhood Русское братство | RB РБ | major Protsenko Pyotr Zhukov | Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism National conservatism Christian fundamentalism antisemitism | 1904–1913 |
| Union of the Russian People Союз русского народа | URP СРН | Alexander Dubrovin Nikolai Markov | Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Russia for Russians Triune Russian nation Great Russian nationalism Conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Right-wing populism Anti-Ukrainian sentiment Pochvennichestvo antisemitism | 1905–1917 |
| Union of the Russian Men Союз русских людей | URM СРЛ | Alexander Shcherbatov Pavel Sheremetev Pyotr Sheremetev | Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism Conservatism Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality antisemitism | 1905-1910/11 |
| Russian Monarchist Union Русский монархический союз | RMU РМС | Vladimir Gringmut Mihail Hutorov | Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Great Russian nationalism Conservatism | 1905–1917 |
| United Nobility Объединённое дворянство | OD ОД | Aleksei Bobrinsky Alexander Naryshkin Ananiy Strukov Alexander Samarin | Tsarist monarchism Russian nationalism Nobility interests | 1906–1917 |
| Union of the Archangel Michael Союз имени Михаила Архангела | SMA СМА | Vladimir Purishkevich | Black Hundreds Tsarist monarchism Russian ultranationalism National conservatism antisemitism | 1908–1917 |
| All-Russian National Union Всероссийский национальный союз | VNS ВНС | Pyotr Balashov Vasily Shulgin | Russian nationalism Tsarist monarchism National liberalism National conservatism | 1908–1917 |
| Party of Moderate Right Партия умеренно-правых | PMR ПУП | Pyotr Balashov | Russian nationalism Tsarist monarchism Orthodox fundamentalism Anti-liberalism | 1909–1910 merged into VNS |
| All-Russian Dubrovinist Union of the Russian People Всероссийский дубровинский союз русского народа | ARDURP ВДСРН | Alexander Dubrovin | Black Hundreds Anti-Stolypin reform Great Russian ultranationalism National conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Agrarianism antisemitism | 1912–1917 |
| Domestic Patriotic Union Отечественный патриотический союз | OPS ОПС | Vasiliy Orlov Vasiliy Skvortsov | Tsarist monarchism Conservatism Orthodox fundamentalism Anti-socialism | 1915–1917 |