# Viola Fletcher

Viola Fletcher (née Ford; born May 10, 1914), also known as Mother Fletcher, is the oldest known living survivor of the Tulsa race massacre and a supercentenarian. One hundred years after the massacre, she testified before Congress about the need for reparations.

## Early life

Fletcher was born May 10, 1914, in Comanche, Oklahoma, to Lucinda Ellis and John Wesley Ford. She was the second oldest of eight children. One younger brother, Hughes Van Ellis, was a newborn at the time of the massacre; Ellis died on October 9, 2023, at the age of 102. The house had no electricity. Before moving to Tulsa the family were sharecroppers. In Tulsa, the family attended St. Andrew, a Black Baptist church.
Fletcher told Congress that due to family circumstances after the massacre, she left school after the 4th grade.

## Experiences during the massacre

Her family, including four of her siblings, was living in Greenwood, a wealthy Black neighborhood of Tulsa known as the "Black Wall Street", at the time of the massacre.
Fletcher was seven years old at the time. She was in bed asleep on May 31, 1921, when the massacre began; her mother woke the family and they fled. The family lost everything but the clothes they were wearing. The oldest known living survivor of the massacre (several months older than Lessie Benningfield Randle, who was born later the same year, 1914), Fletcher reportedly still sleeps sitting up on her couch with the lights on.

## Pursuit of reparations

In 2020, Fletcher and the other survivors filed suit against the city of Tulsa, the Tulsa Board of Commissioners and the Oklahoma Military Department, seeking reparations. The suit was dismissed by Tulsa County District Judge Caroline Wall in July 2023. She testified about reparations before the U.S. Congress on May 19, 2021, along with her 100-year-old brother Hughes and Lessie Benningfield Randle, who was 106. Fletcher told Congress:
   "I will never forget the violence of the white mob when we left our home,” she said, “I still see Black men being shot, Black bodies lying in the street. I still smell smoke and see fire. I still see Black businesses being burned. I still hear airplanes flying overhead. I hear the screams."
She testified that the city of Tulsa had used the names of victims and images of the massacre to generate money for the city. In 2022, Fletcher, her brother, and Randle received $1 million from New York philanthropist Ed Mitzen.

## Visit to Ghana

In August 2021, Fletcher and her brother Hughes visited Ghana. They met with Ghanaian president Nana Akufo-Addo. She was crowned a queen mother and given several Ghanaian names, including Naa Lamiley, which means, "Somebody who is strong. Somebody who stands the test of time", Naa Yaoteley, which means "the first female child in a family or bloodline", and Ebube Ndi Igbo.

## Oral history project

Fletcher was interviewed in 2014 for an oral history project conducted by the Oklahoma Oral History Research program and the Oklahoma State University College of Human Sciences.

## Memoir

Fletcher wrote a memoir, Don’t Let Them Bury My Story, with her grandson in 2023.

## Personal life

In 1932, at the age of 18, she married Robert Fletcher and moved with him to California, where they both worked in shipyards, Viola as an assistant welder. They returned to Oklahoma after World War II and raised three children while she worked cleaning houses. Fletcher worked until she was 85.
Fletcher is also known as Mother Fletcher or Mother Viola Fletcher.
On May 10, 2024, Fletcher turned 110, and became a supercentenarian.