OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Music of Epirus (Greece)

Music of Greece :
General topics :
Ancient music
Byzantine music
Opera
Greek musical system
Greek musical instruments
Greek dances
Worldwide :
Genres :
Church music (Byzantine)
Classical music
Ionian school
National school
Greek folk
Laïko
Rock
Hip hop
Punk
Neo kyma :
Specific forms :
Contemporary
Éntekhno
Nisiotika
Rebetiko
Skiladiko :
Media and performance :
Nationalistic and patriotic songs :
Regional music :
vte :
The music of Epirus (Greek: Μουσική της Ηπείρου), in Epirus, northwestern Greece, present to varying degree in the rest of Greece and the islands, contains folk songs that are mostly pentatonic and polyphonic, characterized as relaxed, gentle and exceptionally beautiful, and sung by both male and female singers.
Distinctive songs include lament songs (mirolóyia), shepherd's songs (skáros) and drinking songs (tis távlas). The clarinet is the most prominent folk instrument in Epirus, used to accompany dances, mostly slow and heavy, like the menousis, fisouni, podhia, syrtos sta dyo (pogonisios), syrtos sta tria, zagorisios, kentimeni, koftos, yiatros and tsamikos. Other instruments used are violin, floghera and sterianó laouto. Notable composers include clarinist Petroloukas Chalkias and laouto player Vasilis Kostas.
The polyphonic song of Epirus constitutes one of the most interesting musical forms, not only for the east Mediterranean and the Balkans, but also for the worldwide repertoire of the folk polyphony like the yodeling of Switzerland. Besides its scale, what attests to its very old origin is its vocal, collective, rhetorical and modal character.
The corresponding dances are slow and stately; they are invariably danced in counter-clockwise circles. Women's dances are especially noble, allowing for a minimum of leg and arm movement, and calling for formal traditional attire: ankle-length black coats, gold thread tuques with a single long tassel, and hammered gold jewellery.
# Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription

The Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription, also called Aramaic inscription of Lampaka, is an inscription on a rock in the valley of Laghman ("Lampaka" being the transcription in Sanskrit of "Laghman"), Afghanistan, written in Aramaic by the Indian emperor Ashoka around 260 BCE. It was discovered in 1932 at a place called Pul-i-Darunteh. Since Aramaic was the official language of the Achaemenid Empire, which disappeared in 320 BCE with the conquests of Alexander the Great, it seems that this inscription was addressed directly to the populations of this ancient empire still present in northwestern India, or to border populations for whom Aramaic remained the language of use.

## Background

The discovery of this inscription in 1932 is one of a set of similar inscriptions in Aramaic or Greek (or both together), written by Asoka. In 1915, Sir John Marshall had discovered the Aramaic Inscription of Taxila. In 1958 the famous Bilingual Kandahar Inscription, written in Greek and Aramaic was discovered, and in 1963 the Greek Edicts of Ashoka, again in Kandahar. In the same year 1963 and again in Kandahar, an inscription in "Indo-Aramaic" known as the Kandahar Aramaic inscription or Kandahar II was found, in which the Indian Prakrit language and the Aramaic language alternate, but using only the Aramaic script. The Aramaic parts translate the Indian parts transcribed in the Aramaic alphabet. In 1969, two Belgian anthropologists by chance discovered another Aramaic edict, Aramaic Inscription of Laghman or Lahman I. A few years later, in 1973, Lahmann II followed.

## Content of the inscription

The inscription is incomplete. However, the place of discovery, the style of the writing, the vocabulary used, makes it possible to link the inscription to the other Ashoka inscriptions known in the region. In the light of other inscriptions, it has been found that the Pul-i-Darunteh inscription consists of a juxtaposition of Indian and Aramaic languages, all in Aramaic script, and the latter representing translations of the first. This inscription is generally interpreted as a translation of a passage of the Major Pillar Edicts n°5 or n°7, although others have proposed to categorize it among the Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka.
The Pul-i-Darunteh inscription has been transliterated as follows:
Inscription of Pul-i-Darunteh :
| Line | Original (Aramaic script) | Transliteration |
| 1 | ...𐡕𐡀 𐡐𐡈... | ...tʾ pṭ... |
| 2 | ...𐡅𐡄 𐡋𐡀𐡍𐡔... | ...wh lʾnš... |
| 3 | ...𐡅𐡉 𐡎𐡄𐡉𐡕𐡉 𐡋𐡀 𐡈... | ...wy shyty lʾ ṭ... |
| 4 | ...𐡌𐡎𐡀𐡓𐡕𐡄𐡎 𐡎𐡄𐡉𐡕𐡉 𐡄𐡅... | ...msʾrths shyty hw... |
| 5 | ...𐡇𐡆𐡄 𐡃𐡉𐡇𐡄𐡉𐡕𐡅𐡉 𐡎𐡄𐡉𐡕𐡉... | ...ḥzh dḥhytwy shyty... |
| 6 | ...𐡍𐡐𐡓𐡉𐡎 𐡀𐡁𐡄𐡉𐡎𐡉𐡕𐡎 𐡎𐡄𐡉𐡕𐡉... | ...nprys ʾbhysyts shyty... |
| 7 | ...𐡓𐡉𐡔𐡅 𐡎𐡄𐡉𐡕𐡉 𐡔𐡉𐡌𐡅 𐡋𐡌𐡊𐡕𐡁 𐡁𐡏𐡌... | ...ryšw shyty šymw lmktb bʿm... |
| 8 | ...𐡀𐡇𐡓𐡉𐡍 𐡄𐡅𐡃𐡏𐡍... | ...ʾḥryn hwdʿn... |
# Khirbat al-Shuna

Khirbat al-Shuna or Khirbat ash-Shuna was a Palestinian Arab hamlet in the Haifa Subdistrict. It was located 32.5 km south of Haifa. Khirbat al-Shuna contained a small archaeological site, Khirbat Tell Mubarak. The area is now known as Shuni and is part of a JNF park, immediately north of Binyamina-Giv'at Ada.

## History
### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, it was called Shuneh, and had a population of 15 Muslim and 51 Jewish inhabitants, while in the 1931 census it was counted as Esh Shuna under Zikhron Ya'akov, which had a total 214 Muslim inhabitants.
In 1948, it was classified as a hamlet. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on March 15, 1948.
In 1992, the site was described: "The site is fenced in and the few standing houses have been renovated and turned into tourist facilities. There are tall palm and eucalyptus trees and cactuses grow around the houses".
# Žáky

Žáky (German: Schak) is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Žáky consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Žáky (96)
* Štrampouch (273)

## Notable people

* Alexander Dreyschock (1818–1869), pianist and composer
# Žehušice

Žehušice is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Žehušice consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Žehušice (755)
* Bojmany (83)

## Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Žehuš, meaning "the village of Žehuš's people".

## Geography

Žehušice is located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Kutná Hora and 26 km (16 mi) west of Pardubice. It lies in a flat agricultural landscape in the Central Elbe Table. The market town is situated on the left bank of the Doubrava River, at the confluence of the Doubrava with the Brslenka Stream.

## History

The first written mention of Žehušice is from 1350. The village was promoted to a market town in 1540 by Emperor Ferdinand I, but it lost this title in 1601. From 1661 to 1918, Žehušice was owned by the Thun und Hohenstein family. In 1865, Žehušice was once again promoted to a market town.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,332 | — |
| 1880 | 1,243 | −6.7% |
| 1890 | 1,252 | +0.7% |
| 1900 | 1,174 | −6.2% |
| 1910 | 1,066 | −9.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,061 | −0.5% |
| 1930 | 953 | −10.2% |
| 1950 | 765 | −19.7% |
| 1961 | 767 | +0.3% |
| 1970 | 698 | −9.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 609 | −12.8% |
| 1991 | 582 | −4.4% |
| 2001 | 578 | −0.7% |
| 2011 | 669 | +15.7% |
| 2021 | 838 | +25.3% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

Žehušice is known for the Deer Park Žehušice. It is a 270 hectares (670 acres) large deer park, founded by the Thun und Hohenstein family in 1867. Among other animals, a rare herd of white stags is kept in it. Today it is protected as a nature monument. The deer park is privately owned and is closed to the public. The landscape around Žehušice, including the deer park and the castle park of the nearby Kačina castle, is protected as a landscape monument zone, because it is a uniquely preserved document of Baroque urbanism and a Baroque composed landscape.
The Žehušice Castle is located next to the deer park. It is an early Baroque castle whose construction was completed in 1679. In 1826, it was rebuilt in the Empire style. A castle park is adjacent to the castle.
A notable building is the former Renaissance fortress, also called Old Castle. In addition to its historical value, it is known as the birthplace of Giovanni Punto. Today the building is dilapidated and unused.
The Church of Saint Mark belongs to the main landmarks of Žehušice. It was built in the Baroque style in 1760. Next to the church is an atypical separate bell tower, built in the Moorish style.

## Notable people

* Giovanni Punto (1746–1803), horn player
# Phetdarin Somrat

Phetdarin Jaruwan Somrat (Thai: เพชรดารินทร์ สมราช; born 6 June 1995) is a Thai professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Thailand Women's Cycling Team. She rode in the women's road race at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships, but she did not finish the race.

## Major results
### 2013

    1st Stage 2 Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhon's Cup Tour of Thailand
    Asian Junior Road Championships
       5th Road race
       6th Time trial

### 2014

    National Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       3rd Road race

### 2015

    7th Overall The Princess Maha Chackri Sirindhon's Cup

### 2016

    4th Overall Tour of Thailand
    10th Road race, Asian Road Championships

### 2017

    1st Overall Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhon's Cup Tour of Thailand
       1st Asian rider classification
       1st Stage 3
    Asian Under-23 Road Championships
       5th Road race
       5th Time trial
    9th Road race, Southeast Asian Games

### 2018

    Asian Games
       5th Time trial
       9th Road race
    8th Time trial, Asian Road Championships

### 2019

    3rd Time trial, Southeast Asian Games
    8th Time trial, Asian Road Championships

### 2020

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
    4th Overall Tour of Thailand

### 2021

    National Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       2nd Road race

### 2022

    1st Overall Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhon's Cup Tour of Thailand
       1st Mountains classification
       1st Stage 2
    National Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       10th Road race
    3rd Time trial, SEA Games
    7th Time trial, Asian Road Championships

### 2023

    National Road Championships
       2nd Time trial
       2nd Road race
    9th Time trial, Asian Road Championships

### 2024

    National Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       1st Road race
    6th Time trial, Asian Road Championships

### 2025

    National Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       1st Road race
    7th Time trial, Asian Road Championships
# Tail of a Tiger

Tail of a Tiger is a 1984 Australian film directed by Rolf de Heer in his directorial debut and starring Grant Navin.

## Production

Tail of a Tiger was filmed in Sydney, Australia.
# Victory for Us Is to See You Suffer

Victory for Us Is to See You Suffer is a 2007 book on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict written by Philip C. Winslow. In the book, Winslow, a former U.N. relief worker and journalist, reports on his experiences in the West Bank during the Second Intifada.
Winslow explains the unusual title of the book in this passage, as follows:
   Ami Ayalon, a peace campaigner and member of the Knesset, was asked if he stood by his oft-quoted remark that the Palestinians and the Israelis hate each other. "I cannot say that I hate Palestinians, but I think, as a nation, as a society, yes, most Israelis hate Palestinians and most Palestinians hate Israelis... I had a very interesting meeting in London during the intifada. A Palestinian friend approached me [and said]: 'Ami, we won. We Palestinians won.'... I asked him, 'Are you crazy? What do you mean "We won"? You are losing so many people... and we are losing so many people. What is the whole essence of victory?' He said, 'Ami you don't understand us. Victory for us is to see you suffer. This is all we want. Finally, after so many years, we are not the only ones to suffer in the Middle East.'" ...It was a double-edged sword. Aylon added, "In a way it is the same for us. We suffer, we lost many people, and [at] a certain point we were looking for revenge."
# Maurice Kepple

Maurice Kepple (born 7 July 1981) is a Jamaican cricketer. He played in eleven first-class matches for the Jamaican cricket team from 2002 to 2005.
# Giorgio Fiocco

Giorgio Fiocco (13 June 1931 – 31 July 2012) was an Italian physicist, known for the development of the Lidar for the remote sensing of the atmosphere.
In 1962 at MIT, together with Louis Smullin, Fiocco developed the first Lidar system, aiming a laser beam to the Moon and detecting the return pulse. Fiocco was full professor of geophysics at the University of Florence, then since 1974, professor of Terrestrial Physics at the Sapienza University of Rome. From 1994 to 1995 Fiocco was president of the Italian Space Agency. Fiocco pioneered the application of the Lidar to the remote sensing of the atmosphere.
He died in Rome on 31 July 2012.

## Publications

* Smullin, Louis D.; Fiocco, Giorgio (1962). "Optical Echoes from the Moon". Nature. 194 (4835): 1267. Bibcode:1962Natur.194.1267S. doi:10.1038/1941267a0. S2CID 4145783.
* The Mount Pinatubo Eruption - Effects on the Atmosphere and Climate. Springer. 1996.
* Castracane, Paolo; Selmi, Luigi; Casadio, Stefano; Cacciani, Marco; Fiocco, Giorgio (2001). "Ground-based remote sensing of wind, temperature and aerosol backscattering in an urban environment during different atmospheric stability conditions". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere. 26 (3): 239. Bibcode:2001PCEB...26..239C. doi:10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00246-X.
# Noir (band)

Noir (Korean: 느와르) is a South Korean boy band formed by Luk Factory in Seoul. The group debuted on April 9, 2018, with the album Twenty's Noir. Their first official music video was for the track "Gangsta".

## Members

Adapted from the official website.
* Shin Seung-hoon (신승훈) – Leader, vocalist, rapper
* Kim Yeon-kuk (김연국) – Vocalist
* Lee Jun-yong (이준용) – Vocalist
* Kim Si-heon (김시헌) – Vocalist
* Ryu Ho-yeon (유호연) – Rapper, dancer
* Yang Si-ha (양시하) – Vocalist
* Kim Min-hyuk (김민혁) – Rapper, dancer
* Kim Dae-won (김대원) – Vocalist, dancer

## Former members

* Nam Yun-sung (남윤성) – Vocalist, rapper

## Discography
### Extended plays

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales |
| Title | Album details | KOR | Sales |
| Twenty's Noir | Released: April 9, 2018 Label: Luk Factory, Genie Music Formats: CD, digital download | 36 | KOR: 1,533 |
| Topgun | Released: October 2, 2018 Label: Luk Factory, Genie Music Formats: CD, digital download | 30 | KOR: 1,226 |
| Abyss | Released: June 12, 2019 Label: Luk Factory, Genie Music Formats: CD, digital download | 38 | KOR: 1,446 |
| Up The Sky : 飛 | Released: April 27, 2020 Label: Luk Factory, Genie Music Formats: CD, digital download | 24 | KOR: 901 |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | KOR | JPN | Album |
| "Gangsta" | 2018 | — | — | Twenty's Noir |
| "Airplane Mode" | 2018 | — | — | Topgun |
| "Doom Doom" | 2019 | — | — | Abyss |
| "Lucifer" | 2020 | — | — | Up The Sky : 飛 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that region. |||||
# William Penn Foundation

The William Penn Foundation is a grant-making foundation established in 1945 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by businessman Otto Haas and his wife Phoebe, and initially called the Phoebe Waterman Foundation.
It strives to improve "the quality of life in the Greater Philadelphia region through efforts that foster rich cultural expression, strengthen children’s futures, and deepen connections to nature and community."
In 2008, it disbursed new and continuing grants worth $62,974,512.
In 2021, it made grants totalling $183,602,884. Recipients were charities in the areas of education, arts and the environment.
# Anleo

Anleo is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in Navia, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
The village of Anleo is located at an altitude of 130 m and is 5.8 km from the town of Navia, capital of the council.
The architectural work that governs this small town is the palace of Anleo, which is currently undergoing rehabilitation. It has an L shape. Its origin dates back to the 13th century and it gave shelter to Saint Francis of Assisi on his pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela . It was burned in a fire in 1520 ; it was rebuilt and rebuilt in 1704. Today you can see the monumental character it had, with its square towers framing the facade. Three towers of different heights: two of them crenellated, with pinnacles topped in balls and drainage gargoyles at the corners; a third, square —which had a 4-sided slate roof— with loopholes on the ground floor, a semicircular arched door and lintel windows, one of them geminated (split, divided). Main facade composed of a longitudinal body flanked by two square towers. The floors are separated by imposts (strips) of stonework. Highlighted plinth in the lower area. Door with molded frame in the center.
Anleo is the headquarters of Reny Picot , an important dairy products company that occupies more space than the town itself.

## Villages

* Anleo (Anlleo)
* Braña del Río (La Braña'l Ríu)
* Cacabellos
* Las Murias
* Piquera (Piqueira)
* Sante

### Populations

According to the gazetteer of 2012, the parish comprises the following population entities:
| Topónimo (id. tradicional) | Categoría histórica | Población empadronada (2012) | Viviendas (2001) | Altitud | Distancia a la capital (m) |
| Anleo (Anlleo) | aldea | 325 hab. | 113 | 130 m | 5,8 km |
| Braña del Río (La Braña'l Ríu) | aldea | 13 hab. | 7 | 360 m | 8,4 km |
| Cacabellos | aldea | 54 hab. | 24 | 60 m | 5,0 km |
| Las Murias | casería | 25 hab. | 7 | 160 m | 8,0 km |
| Piquera (Piqueira) | casería | 21 hab. | 9 | 50 m | 3,2 km |
| Sante | lugar | 116 hab. | 43 | 60 m | 4,0 km |
* This article about a location in the Principality of Asturias, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Marc Delafontaine

Marc Delafontaine (March 31, 1837/1838, Céligny, Switzerland–1911) was a Swiss chemist and spectroscopist who was involved in discovering and investigating some of the rare earth elements.

## Career

Delafontaine studied with Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac at the University of Geneva. He also worked at the University of Geneva.
Delafontaine moved to the United States of America, arriving in New York in 1870, and later becoming a naturalized citizen. He taught in Chicago, Illinois at city high schools, and at a women's college. He also worked as an analytical chemist with the Chicago Police Department.

## Research
### Holmium

In 1878, along with Jacques-Louis Soret, Delafontaine first observed holmium spectroscopically. In 1879, Per Teodor Cleve chemically separated it from thulium and erbium. All three men are given credit for the element's discovery.

### Yttrium, terbium and erbium

In 1843, Carl Gustaf Mosander discovered terbium and erbium as components of yttria.$^{:38}$$^{:701}$
However, this discovery was hotly contested. Spectroscopist Nils Johan Berlin denied that the two elements existed, failing to confirm the existence of "erbia" and suggesting that its name be applied to "terbia".
In 1864, Marc Delafontaine used optical spectroscopy to conclusively prove that yttrium, terbium, and erbium were separate elements. Ironically, however, the confusion that had been introduced between the names continued. Mosander's proposed names were switched, giving the amethyst compound the name "erbium" oxide and the yellow substance the name "terbium" oxide, instead of the other way around as originally proposed.
# The Westgate School, Slough

The Westgate School is a co-educational secondary school with academy status in the Cippenham area of the town of Slough in the English county of Berkshire. It educates around 900 pupils.
The school celebrated its 60th anniversary on 27 September 2018.
# Empress (cracker)

Empress (sometimes stylized EMPRESS) was a video game cracker who specializes in breaking anti-piracy software. While the true identity of Empress is unknown, she refers to herself as a young Russian woman. Empress has also released cracked games under the moniker C000005.
Empress is known as one of the few crackers who can crack Denuvo. Her motivation is to remove the software license aspect of digital games in an effort to preserve them after developers drop support. Empress also states that removing digital rights management (DRM) increases performance in-game.

## Career

Empress became interested in the DRM-cracking scene in 2014. Her followers could participate in polls to select which game they want cracked next, and her work was funded through crowdsourced donations. Empress typically requests $500 for cracking a specific game. She uses the money to cover living costs, hardware upgrades, and purchase games that she intends to crack.
Empress rose to prominence after releasing a cracked version of Red Dead Redemption 2. Other high-profile games cracked by Empress include Mortal Kombat 11 and Anno 1800. In February 2021, Empress stated that she would soon be arrested after being allegedly caught working on a crack for Immortals Fenyx Rising. Empress blamed FitGirl Repacks, with whom she had a feud. However, that March, Empress was available to publish a workaround for the online check-in system of Battle.net. Empress's arrest announcement was met with general skepticism by the cracking community.
She released a cracked version of Hogwarts Legacy in February 2023, just 12 days after release.

## Controversies

Empress is known around the P2P scene for her "extremely opinionated" notes she supplies in the NFOs of her releases. For example, the information file supplied with the cracked version of Hogwarts Legacy expressed dissatisfaction with what was described as the "woke system" of today, defending Harry Potter series creator J.K. Rowling's views on transgender people.