OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# EFDA Nations Cup

The EFDA Nations Cup was a Formula Opel competition which was held between 1990 and 1998. The competition pitted international drivers against each other in similar cars, with drivers representing their nations. It was founded by Dan Partel within the Formula Opel/Vauxhall racing series.
The first Nations Cup race was held at the historic Spa-Francorchamps circuit in Belgium on 19–20 July 1990, and organised by the European Formula Drivers Association (EFDA).

## History

In 1990, drivers representing 25 countries were already participating in the various Formula Vauxhall/Opel Lotus Series. The Nations Cup format called for two-car national teams. The Formula Vauxhall/Opel Lotus racing series was the only series that could muster twenty legitimate two-car national teams from its active list of competitors.
The format of the event remained the same for the next eight years, with two drivers from each country racing in virtually identical Formula Opel/Vauxhall racing cars painted in their national colours.
The EFDA selected the Spa-Francorchamps circuit, licensed to start 46 cars or 23 two-car teams, for the inaugural event. The winners received the Nations Cup, and the top three teams were awarded gold, silver and bronze medals respectively. The event preceded the Spa 24 Hours race, and occurred in the middle of the racing season.

## Champions

| Season | Venue | Teams | Drivers | Champion | Second | Third |
| 1990 | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps | 17 | 34 | Portugal (Pedro Lamy, Diogo Castro Santos) | Brazil | Sweden |
| 1991 | Circuit Park Zandvoort | 18 | 36 | Portugal (Pedro Lamy, Diogo Castro Santos) | Germany | Sweden |
| 1992 | Autódromo do Estoril | 14 | 28 | Netherlands (Martin Koene, Jos Verstappen) | Portugal | Italy |
| 1993 | Autódromo do Estoril | 15 | 30 | Austria (Martin Albrecht, Hubert Stromberger) | Belgium | Brazil |
| 1994 | Circuit Park Zandvoort | 18 | 36 | Netherlands (Tom Coronel, Donny Crevels) | Austria | Portugal |
| 1995 | Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours | 15 | 30 | Portugal (Manuel Gião, André Couto) | Netherlands | Great Britain |
| 1996 | Donington Park | 13 | 26 | Germany (Pierre Kaffer, Norman Simon) | United States | Brazil |
| 1997 | Donington Park | 13 | 26 | Italy (Giovanni Montanari, Giovanni Anapoli) | Brazil | Germany |
| 1998 | Circuit Park Zandvoort | 5 | 10 | Great Britain (Darren Malkin, Justin Sherwood) | Netherlands | United States |
# Stephen Squeri

Stephen Squeri (born 1959) is an American business executive. He is chairman and CEO of American Express. Squeri first joined American Express in 1985, becoming chief information officer in 2005 and vice chairman in 2015, along with other upper management roles.
Squeri is currently chairman of the Manhattan College board of trustees, a board member at the Partnership for New York City, on the board of trustees of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, chair of the corporate governance committee of the Business Roundtable, and member of The Business Council, among other roles.

## Early life and education

Stephen "Steve" Joseph Squeri was born in 1959 in New York City. He is the grandchild of Italian and Irish immigrants. His father worked as an accountant in New York for companies such as Colgate, CBS, and Bloomingdale's. Squeri grew up in Astoria, Queens, graduating from Monsignor McClancy High School in East Elmhurst in 1977. Squeri subsequently attended Manhattan College in the Bronx, graduating with a bachelor of science in 1981 and an MBA in 1986.

## Career

Beginning in 1981, Squeri spent four years as a management consultant at Arthur Andersen.
Squeri joined American Express in 1985 as a manager in the Travellers Cheque Group and became an American Express vice president in 1990. From 2000 to 2002 he served as president of the Establishment Services group in the United States and Canada, and from 2002 to 2005 he was president of the Global Commercial Card division. In 2005, he began serving as chief information officer of American Express. He held the role until October 2009, during which time he also led Corporate Development, overseeing mergers and acquisitions.
In 2009, he was named group president of Global Services. He then served as American Express' group president of Global Corporate Services until 2015. He became vice chairman of American Express in July 2015, and also began leading the business-to-business group in October 2015. According to Forbes, the American Express board of directors began considering Squeri to be CEO in 2015.
Squeri became chairman and CEO of American Express on February 1, 2018, having been appointed by the board of directors to succeed Kenneth Chenault. In 2023, Squeri's total compensation at American Express was $35.6 million, representing a CEO-to-median worker pay ratio of 677-to-1.

## Boards and committees

After joining the board of trustees at Manhattan College in 2013, he was named chair in 2023. He is also on the board of the Partnership for New York City, on the board of governors of Monsignor McClancy Memorial High School, and on the board of trustees of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and The Valerie Fund.
He is a member of the Business Roundtable, where he is chair of the corporate governance committee. He is also a member of The Business Council, the American Society of Corporate Executives, and the New York Jobs CEO Council.
Squeri previously served on the boards of The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America, NY Downtown Hospital, the Columbus Citizens Foundation, and J.Crew, the latter of which he joined in 2010.
# Lene Espersen

Lene Espersen (born 26 September 1965) is a former Danish politician, a former leader of Conservative People's Party and a former Minister of Justice. She is the current CEO at the Danish Association of Architectural Firms. From 1 July 2016 to June 30, 2020, she served as chairman of the board of Aalborg University.
In 2006, Espersen was stripped of her parliamentary immunity after crashing into a woman on a scooter. She was subsequently banned from driving and fined €150.

## Early life

Born to a fisherman father and a book-keeper mother, she grew up with her younger sister in Hirtshals in the north of Jutland, on Denmark’s mainland. She attended Lester B. Pearson United World College of the Pacific in Canada. She later became the first in her family to graduate from university.

## Political career

Espersen was the first person in her family to join a political party. A member of the Folketinget from 1994, she served as Minister of Justice from 27 November 2001 to 10 September 2008 and as Minister of Economic and Business Affairs from 10 September 2008 to 23 February 2010.
Espersen served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 23 February 2010 to 3 October 2011, making her Denmark’s first female foreign minister and the only woman in such a post in the EU at the time.
Espersen was the leader of the Conservative People's Party and was Deputy Prime Minister from 9 September 2008 to 13 January 2011.
On 13 January 2011, she announced at a press conference at 19.00 pm, briefly after her arrival in Denmark, that she would not continue as leader of the Conservative People's Party. The announcement came after months of increasing pressure, where various issues regarding her work ethics, had gained national attention, and decreasing support in opinion polls for the party. During her tenure as political leader, support for the Conservative People's Party was reduced from around 10% to below 5%. On 14 January, Lars Barfoed succeeded Lene Espersen as political leader of the Conservative People's Party.

## Other activities

* Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group
* Baltic Development Forum, Chair (since 2014)
* European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2008-2010)

## Political positions

When the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published controversial cartoons of Muhammad in 2005, Espersen defended its right to publish and labelled Muslim extremism as more dangerous than climate change. In 2012, in her capacity as foreign minister, she met with 17 ambassadors from Muslim countries as part of efforts to prevent any new cartoon crisis and to foster understanding.
# Aviation Security Act 1982

The Aviation Security Act 1982 (c. 36) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom Parliament which covers offences against the safety of aircraft; protection of aircraft, aerodromes, and air navigation installations against acts of violence; policing of airports; and funding
The act implements security protocols and procedures to all United Kingdom Airports in an effort to increase security in airports.
In addition to murder and conspiracy, the defendants of the Pan Am Flight 103 at the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, were accused of breaches of the 1982 Act.
# Mečiar's Second Cabinet

Between 24 June 1992 and 15 March 1994, prime minister of Slovakia Vladimír Mečiar formed his second cabinet in his second consecutive term in this office. Slovakia became an independent sovereign state on 1 January 1993 and thus this government was the first one after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. On 11 March 1994, Mečiar's second cabinet suffered defeat in a parliamentary vote of no confidence, 78–2–2, in the 150-seat NR SR after President Michal Kováč criticized Mečiar's governing methods, leading to a vote of no confidence in parliament and a defection of a third of HZDS deputies, who later reformed as a new party, the Democratic Union (DU).

## Government ministers

| Office | Minister | Political Party | In office |
| Prime Minister | Vladimír Mečiar | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications | Roman Hofbauer | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family | Oľga Keltošová | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Finance | Július Tóth | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Economy | Ľudovít Černák | SNS | 24 June 1992 – 19 March 1993 |
| Minister of Economy | Jaroslav Kubečka | HZDS | 19 March 1993 – 10 November 1993 |
| Minister of Economy | Ján Ducký | HZDS | 10 November 1993 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Agriculture | Peter Baco | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Interior | Jozef Tuchyňa | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Defence | Imrich Andrejčák | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Justice | Katarína Tóthová | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Education | Dušan Slobodník (acting) | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 26 September 1992 |
| Minister of Education | Matúš Kučera | HZDS | 26 September 1992 – 22 June 1993 |
| Minister of Education | Roman Kováč (acting) | HZDS | 22 June 1993 – 10 November 1993 |
| Minister of Education | Jaroslav Paška | SNS | 10 November 1993 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Culture | Dušan Slobodník | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Health | Viliam Soboňa | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 24 November 1993 |
| Minister of Health | Irena Belohorská | HZDS | 24 November 1993 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Milan Kňažko | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 19 March 1993 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Jozef Moravčík | HZDS | 19 March 1993 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister for Administration and Privatisation of National Property | Ľubomír Dolgoš | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 19 March 1993 |
| Minister for Administration and Privatisation of National Property | Vladimír Mečiar (acting) | HZDS | 19 March 1993 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of Envirovment | Jozef Zlocha | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Minister of State Control | Roman Kováč (acting) | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |

### Deputy Prime Ministers

| Minister | Political Party | In office |
| Roman Kováč | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 15 March 1994 |
| Milan Kňažko | HZDS | 24 June 1992 – 25 February 1994 |
| Marián Andel | SNS | 24 June 1992 – 10 November 1993 |
| Jozef Prokeš | SNS | 24 June 1992 – 10 November 1993 |
# Bermudo Ovéquiz

Bermudo Ovéquiz (fl. 1044–1092) (also known as Vermudo) was a member of the highest ranks of the nobility of Asturias, León, and Galicia who lived in the 11th century.

## Biographical sketch

Bermudo Ovéquiz was the first-born son of Oveco Bermúdez and his wife Elvira Suárez. His paternal grandparents were Bermudo Vela—a descendant of Count Bermudo Núñez and Elvira Pinióliz. His mother was granddaughter of rebel Rodrigo Romániz, nephew of Count Suero Gundemáriz, and she also descended from Osorio Gutiérrez, known as the "holy count". Bermudo lived in Asturias where he probably inherited properties from his grandmother Elvira Pinióliz. He is first recorded in medieval charters in 1045 and appears in 1053 confirming a donation by King Ferdinand I of León to the Monastery of San Pelayo in Oviedo. In 1075, he and his brother Vela Ovéquiz were engaged in a legal dispute with the bishop of Oviedo on account of the Monastery of Tol. This monastery had been donated previously to the Cathedral of Oviedo by Gontrodo Gundemáriz, daughter of Count Gundemaro Pinióliz. Other relatives were also involved in this dispute, including Count Fernando Díaz and his sister Jimena, the wife of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, El Cid. One of his sisters, Onecca, was the wife of Count Sancho Ordóñez. Even though he did not hold the title of count, he acted as the judge in a legal proceeding in 1087 involving the abbot of the Monastery of Lorenzana and the bishop of Mondoñedo.

## Marriage and issue

Married to Jimena Peláez, daughter of Count Pelayo Froilaz "the Deacon" and countess Aldonza Ordóñez, daughter of the Infantes Ordoño Ramírez and Cristina Bermúdez, the offspring of this marriage were:
* Suero (fl. 1086–12 August 1138), count and one of the most powerful and relevant figures in Asturias, a loyal vassal first of Raymond of Burgundy and then of the monarchs Alfonso VI, Urraca, and Alfonso VII of León.
* Alfonso Bermúdez (fl. 1092-1129), unlike his male siblings, Alfonso did not hold the title of count nor did he serve in any relevant post. His wife was Urraca Raimúndez who could have been the daughter of Infante Raymond Garcés "the Fratricide", who participated in the murder of his brother King Sancho IV of Pamplona, el de Peñalén. He and his legitimate wife were the parents of Pedro Alfonso, an Asturian magnate who dominated the region from 1139 until his death, Gonzalo, Gutierre, María, Ildonza, and Teresa Alfonso.
* Gutierre Bermúdez (fl. 1086–1130), a count, husband of Toda Pérez de Traba and the father of Count Vela Gutiérrez.
* Urraca Bermúdez (died 1132/1133), who married Count Gonzalo Ansúrez, brother of Count Pedro Ansúrez and parents of several children, including Sancha González, the wife of Fernando Pérez de Traba. In 1128, King Alfonso VII gave her some properties in San Vicente in Asturias de Santillana.
* Jimena Bermúdez, the wife of Pelayo Muñoz who had a daughter, Velasquita Peláez, married to Munio Doniz.
They could have also been the parents of Sebastián Bermúdez who does not appear in any transactions executed by his siblings but whose filiation is confirmed in Galician charters.
# Mehmood Akhtar

Mehmood Akhtar is a television actor from Karachi. He appeared in many dramas and sitcoms. His more recent appearances have been in the drama serials Munafiq, Mere Khuda, Joru Ka Ghulam, Gul-e-Rana, Mere Meherbaan, Anarkali.

## Television
### Selected Television

| Year | Serial Name | Original Network |
| 1992 | Din | PTV |
| 1995 | Chand Grehan | STN |
| 1997 | Hawain | PTV |
| 2013 | Aasmanon Pay Likha | Geo TV |
| 2014 | Mere Meherbaan | Hum TV |
| 2014 | Joru Ka Ghulam | Hum TV |
| 2015 | Mere Khuda | Hum TV |
| 2015 | Gul-e-Rana | Hum TV |
| 2016 | Tum Kon Piya | Urdu1 |
| 2017 | Shehrnaz | Urdu1 |
| 2019 | Bharosa Pyar Tera | Geo Entertainment |
| 2020 | Munafiq | Geo Entertainment |
# İctimai Television

İctimai Television (İTV; Azerbaijani: İctimai Televiziya, lit. 'Public Television',) is a public television channel in Azerbaijan. After its legal creation in 2004, the station began broadcasting on 29 August 2005, making it the first independent public broadcaster in Azerbaijan. The channel is based in Baku.

## Organisation

İTV is primarily funded through advertising and government payments. The law of January 2004 creating the channel called for funding to come from a television licence fee beginning in January 2010, but this portion of the law has currently yet to be implemented as of February 2025.
The channel is operated by the Public Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (Azerbaijani: İctimai Televiziya və Radio Yayımları Şirkəti), which consists of a nine member council whose members are approved by the President of Azerbaijan and a director general elected by the council and also approved by the President.
The company also operates the İctimai Radio public radio station, which commenced broadcasting on 10 January 2006. This arrangement, together with continued state financing, has been subject to criticism by non-governmental organizations because the channel may be too closely connected to the government to be fully independent and unbiased.

## Programming

İTV became a member of the European Broadcasting Union on 5 July 2007, allowing it to take part in events such as the Eurovision Song Contest, which it entered for the first time in 2008. Following Azerbaijan's win in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011, İTV hosted the competition of 2012 in Baku.
The broadcaster was also supposed to host the Third Eurovision Dance Contest in Baku in 2009, but this event was postponed and eventually cancelled due to the lack of participants. The channel was created with a vision to reflect the national and spiritual values, national customs and traditions, culture and art. It operates in accordance with the laws of Azerbaijan.

## Logo history

* İctimai TV and Radio (logos)
* 2007–2013
* 2013–2018
* 2019–2020
* İctimai Radio (2019–2021)
* İctimai Radio (2021–present)
# Sultana Zafar

Sultana Begum Zafar (21 February 1955 – 16 July 2021) was a Pakistani actress. Sultana acted in numerous television dramas and was known for her roles in the dramas Munkir, Ana, Zid and Tanhaiyaan. She used to run her boutique called Armale Studios.

## Early life

Sultana was born on 21 February 1955 in Hyderabad, Pakistan. She completed her studies at the University of Hyderabad.

## Career

Sultana started acting in dramas of PTV Centre Karachi in 1972. Sultana was known for being well-mannered, and for her fine speech and graceful and dignified presence, which helped her and became the reasons for her success in the acting career. She was also known for her serious style acting with her Hyderabad accent dialogue delivery. Sultana portrayed characters of family values and traditions of the time of PTV in 1970s, 1980s and 1990s and she was noted for her roles in dramas Akhri Chattan, Aroosa, Khala Khairan and Aangan Terha. She also appeared in dramas Akhri Chattan, Nadan Nadia, Ana, Zeenat, Tanhaiyaan and Babar. Since then she appeared in dramas Ru Baru, Zid, Haq Meher, Woh and Munkir.

## Personal life

Sultana was married and had three children and she used to live in America in Dallas. There she used to run her boutique called Armale Studios. Huma Akbar, an actress, is her niece, together they worked in drama Shaheen and Huma also appeared in dramas Karawaan, Choti Choti Baatein and Khaleej.

## Death

Sultana died at the age of 69 in Dallas, Texas, on 16 July 2021.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 1980 | Shaheen | Khatoon Begum | PTV |
| 1982 | Nishan-e-Haider | Khursheed Begum | PTV |
| 1983 | Maikay Ka Bakra | Begum Sahiba | PTV |
| 1984 | Aangan Terha | Maryam | PTV |
| 1984 | Ana | Nadira | PTV |
| 1985 | Akhri Chattan | Malika Begum | PTV |
| 1985 | Tanhaiyaan | Zara and Sanya's mother | PTV |
| 1986 | Dastak | Akhtar's mother | PTV |
| 1988 | Khala Khairan | Bipasha | PTV |
| 1991 | Studio 2 1/2: Comedy Specialist Anwar Maqsood | Begum Akhtar | PTV |
| 1991 | Zeenat | Sara | PTV |
| 1992 | Aap Aur Hum | Amna Muneer | STN |
| 1993 | Agar | Flora | PTV |
| 1994 | Adha Dil | Bilal's mother | PTV |
| 1994 | Aroosa | Atiya | PTV |
| 1996 | Babar | Aisan Daulat Begum | PTV |
| 1997 | Nadan Nadia | Zareen | PTV |
| 1997 | Anokhi | Razia | PTV |
| 1998 | Samandar Hai Darmiyan | Shahzad's mother | STN |
| 1999 | Kangan | Buwa | PTV |
| 1999 | Afsoon Khawab | Aapa | PTV |
| 1999 | Andheray Darechey | Riffat's mother | PTV |
| 2000 | Aur Zindagi Badalti Hai | Bua | PTV |
| 2005 | Shiddat | Ismat Ara | Hum TV |
| 2008 | Khawab Tooth Jate Hain | Laila's mother | Geo TV |
| 2014 | Woh Season 2 | Bua Begum | Hum TV |
| 2014 | Ru Baru | Jameel's mother | Hum TV |
| 2014 | Haq Meher | Zubair's mother | ARY Digital |
| 2014 | Zid | Aapa Jan | Hum TV |
| 2017 | Munkir | Dado | TV One |

### Telefilm

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2011 | Aurat | Chanda's mother |
# Ben Hemsley

Ben Hemsley (born 1996) is an electronic dance music disc jockey and record producer from Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. He won the DJ Mag Best Producer award in 2023, and has performed at events such as Creamfields and for the BBC Radio 1 Essential Mix show.

## Career

Hemsley grew up in North Shields, near Newcastle upon Tyne, where he had an interest in music from the age of 12. By the age of 14 he was performing DJ sets at under-18 events. He initially achieved wider attention with his single release on the Repopulate Mars label, "Caress Me", which made number 15 in the Beatport chart and was played by Radio 1 DJ Danny Howard. Hemsley was considered a "local DJ" until he came to prominence in 2021 when, due to the restrictions on travel from the COVID-19 pandemic meaning European artists could not perform, he was booked to perform in front of 8,000 people at Creamfields. His set was well received, and he went on to play the same festival the following year to a much larger crowd.
In October 2022 he performed a 2-hour Essential Mix on the Pete Tong show for BBC Radio 1. Also in 2022, Hemsley started a new record label, bebé, with the first release being his own extended player, "EP1". In 2023 Hemsley won the Best Producer category in the DJ Mag Best of British awards, which was voted for by the public. He has toured across the UK, and in the summer of 2023 had a residency at Ibiza Rocks in San Antonio. In April 2024 it was announced that Hemsley was going to join the BBC Radio 1 Residency series. He hosted his first show, dedicated to Ibiza, the same day as his birthday on 6 June 2024.
Hemsley's sound has been described in the music press as "nostalgic rave" that cannot be easily categorised, but with trance lying at the "very heart of his current production".

## Discography

* "Caress Me" (2019, Repopulate Mars)
* "Through 2 You" (2021, Ministry of Sound)
* "Love, Peace & Harmony" (2021, Ministry of Sound)
* "Erase Me" (2022, Armada)
* "EP1" (2022, bebé)
* "Every Little Thing" (2023, Ministry of Sound)
* "IBIZA" (2023, bebé)
* "Benirràs" (2023, bebé)
* "Closer" (2024, Ministry of Sound) featuring Chenai Zinyuku
# Northern Tier

Northern Tier may refer to:
* Northern Tier (Pennsylvania), five northern counties in Pennsylvania
* Northern Tier (United States), the northernmost confine of the lower 48 United States
* Northern Tier High Adventure, high adventure bases run by Scouting America
* Northern Tier Energy, an American business partnership created in 2010
* Northern Tier, a Cold War term from 1955–1979 for the four Middle Eastern members of the Baghdad Pact, also known as the Central Treaty Organization: Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Pakistan.