OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kreiken (crater)

Kreiken is a small lunar impact crater that is located near the eastern limb of the Moon. It lies to the south of the crater Kiess and the Mare Smythii. Just to the south-southwest is the smaller crater Elmer, and to the west is Dale.
Only the western part of this crater's rim survives nearly intact, the remainder forming a faint outline on the surface. There is a small crater lying across eastern rim. The interior floor is unremarkable, with no features of interest.
The crater was named by the IAU in 1973 after Dutch astronomer Egbert Adriaan Kreiken.
# Joachim III of Constantinople

Joachim III of Constantinople (Greek: Ιωακείμ ὁ Μεγαλοπρεπής; 30 January 1834 – 30 November 1912) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1878 to 1884 and from 1901 to 1912.
Joachim was born in Constantinople on 30 January 1834, with Aromanian origin from Kruševo. He was educated in Vienna. In 1858–1861, he was the deacon in the holy temple of St George. In 1864, he was elected bishop of Varna and in 1874 bishop of Thessalonica In the time of his first reign, he worked on the improvement of the financial state of the Patriarchate. In 1880, he founded the magazine Truth and did various other charitable acts. He is seen as one of the most prominent and important patriarchs of the twentieth century and modern times.
In his 1911 encyclical, Joachim III said that holding church services in the Aromanian language was against the teachings of the Eastern Orthodox Church and threatened clergy performing services in Aromanian with unfrocking and excommunication.
Joachim III repeatedly attempted to find a solution to the Bulgarian schism, to little avail. Patriarch Joachim III was a Mason, a member of the «Πρόοδος» lodge. He was awarded the Serbian Order of the Cross of Takovo and the Austro-Hungarian Order of St. Stephen.
# Hugh Raffles

Hugh Raffles is an English-born anthropologist and writer based in America. He received an American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature in 2023. He is the author of three books as well as many essays in venues including Granta, Public Culture, Natural History, Orion, American Ethnologist, The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, and The Best American Essays. He is Professor of Anthropology at The New School in New York.

## Life

Raffles grew up in London, England, and moved to New York in the early 1990s. He lives in New York City.

## Awards and criticism

Raffles was the recipient of the 2003 Victor Turner Prize for Ethnographic Writing of the Society for Humanistic Anthropology and of a Choice Outstanding Academic Title Award for In Amazonia: A Natural History.
In 2009, Raffles was awarded a Whiting Award. In 2010, Insectopedia was the winner of the 2011 Orion Book Award and received a Special Award from the Society for Humanistic Anthropology. In 2012, the book won the Ludwik Fleck Prize of the Society for Social Studies of Science and was shortlisted for the De Groene Waterman Prijs, Antwerp. The book was selected by The New York Times as a Notable Book of 2010. The Book of Unconformities was awarded the 2023 J.I. Staley Prize from the School for Advanced Research.
In 2023, Raffles received a Literature Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Writing in the New York Times Book Review, Philip Hoare described Insectopedia as "impossible to categorize, wildly allusive and always stimulating."

## Selected writing
### Articles

* "Mother Nature's Melting Pot", The New York Times, Op-Ed, April 2, 2011.
* "Sweet Honey on the Block", The New York Times, Op-Ed, July 7, 2010.
* "A Conjoined Fate", Orion (2010).
* "Cricket Fighting", Granta 98: The Deep End (Summer 2007). Reprinted in Adam Gopnik ed., The Best American Essays (2008).
* "Jews, Lice, and History," Public Culture (2007).
* "Intimate Knowledge", International Social Science Journal (2002), reprinted in Nico Stehr; Reiner Grundmann, eds. (2005). Knowledge and Society: Forms of Knowledge. Taylor & Francis.

### Books

* In Amazonia: A Natural History, 2002, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-04885-7.
* Insectopedia, 2011, Pantheon Books, ISBN 1-4000-9696-0.
* Insect Theatre, 2013, Black Dog Books, photographs by Tim Edgar, ISBN 978-1908966117.
* The Book of Unconformities: Speculations on Lost Time, 2020, Pantheon Books, ISBN 978-0804197991.
# Kabengele Munanga

Kabengele Munanga (born 22 June 1942) is a Brazilian-Congolese anthropologist and professor who is currently a visiting senior professor at the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia. He is a specialist on the anthropology of Afro-Brazilians, researching the issue of racism in Brazilian society. He is a graduate of the University of Lubumbashi (1969) and graduated with a doctorate in anthropology from University of São Paulo (1977).

## Biography

Munanga was born in 1940, in the small city of Bakwa-Kalonji, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He is of Luba background. At ten years old, he left his hometown to study in other cities, primarily in colonial Catholic schools. He began to attend the University of Lubumbashi for a degree in Social Sciences, but after two years, switched to the recently created Anthropology faculty. After graduating in 1969, he was invited to earn his master's degree at the Université catholique de Louvain in Belgium. Munanga returned to the Congo to finish his dissertation but could not due so due to the policies of the newly independent Republic of Zaire. He went to Brazil at the invite of professor Fernando Mourão, of the University of São Paulo, where he earned his doctorate and returned to the Congo.
In 1980, he established himself in Brazil to assume the position of head of the Anthropology department at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The following year, he moved to São Paulo. He was a professor of anthropology Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences, vice-director of the Museum of Contemporary Art, director of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology and the Center of African Studies at USP. Since 2014, he has been a visiting senior professor at the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia.
Munanga was awarded the Ordem do Mérito Cultural in 2002.

## Publications

* 1988- Negritude:Usos e Sentidos ISBN 8582176449
* 1998-Racismo: Perspectivas Para Um Estudo Contextualizado Da Sociedade Brasileira (co-written with Carlos Alberto Hasenblag and Lilia Moritz Schwarcz) ISBN 8522802297
* 1999- Rediscutindo a mestiçagem no Brasil: identidade nacional versus identidade negra ISBN 8532622089
* 2006- O Negro no Brasil de Hoje (co-written with Nilma Lino Gomes) ISBN 8526011340
* 2009 - Origens Africanas do Brasil Contemporâneo ISBN 8526012665
# Mortgage burning

Mortgage burning was a twentieth-century custom in the United States of America (U.S.A.) that was the ritual incineration of the promissory note (mortgage) upon satisfaction of the payment schedule by the purchaser (debtor, or mortgagor). This ritual was performed to celebrate the release of the debtor from further payment obligations, and was sometimes accompanied by a party in which extended family and friends were invited.

## History

Home mortgage burnings, and particularly home mortgage burning parties, are nearly unheard of in the present-day United States for a few reasons. In the early twenty-first century, due to increased mobility and other factors, few U.S. mortgagees continue to make payments until the end of the mortgage term. Typically, mortgagees sell or refinance a property before the end of the mortgage term, using proceeds of the sale or new loan to extinguish the debt used to acquire the property.
Also, starting in the late twentieth century and until the housing bubble (circa 2007 or 2008) burst, it was fairly common for a borrower to acquire property using an excessively leveraged mortgage, and possibly even an “interest-only” mortgage, wherein a borrower pays only interest but does not repay principal. These mortgages were acquired with the implicit, though not always explicit, understanding that the property was likely to be re-sold or re-financed well before the end of the mortgage term. Refinancing, or restructuring of mortgage terms, was often undertaken to obtain a lower interest rate, or to borrow more money by increasing the principal (amount borrowed) of the mortgage. Refinancing a mortgage loan entails “resetting the clock” on the loan period, typically extending the time that the borrower promises to make payments beyond the end of the original loan term.
Even when a mortgage is satisfied (“paid off”) at the conclusion of payments, throwing a party to celebrate is considered to be in poor taste as it seen as bragging about one’s secure financial condition as opposed to a standard rite of passage. Modern advice columnists and etiquette experts generally advise against having mortgage burning parties attended by anyone other than immediate family.
Mortgage burning parties are still held by non-profit entities such as churches. In those cases, the attendees are generally those who helped to pay off the mortgage.

## In popular culture

The burning of a mortgage was depicted in the 1949 MGM Tracy-Hepburn comedy Adam's Rib — the mortgage document providing the flame for a celebratory hotdog roast. A burning of the mortgage served as the opening scene of the 1969 Mayberry R.F.D. episode "Emmett's Retirement". The concept of a mortgage burning party was at least briefly referenced in a 1975 episode of All In The Family, “Mike Makes His Move”. Mortgage burnings were also the premise of a 1977 episode of Eight Is Enough, "Mortgage Burnin' Blues", and a 1982 episode of M*A*S*H, "Settling Debts".
# Cameron Achord

Cameron Achord (born February 4, 1987) is an American football coach who serves as an assistant special teams coach for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as an assistant special teams coach for the Patriots. Achord also previously coached at the University of Southern Mississippi and Southwest Mississippi Community College.

## Coaching career
### College

From 2010 to 2011, Achord had served as a graduate assistant for the University of Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles under head coach Larry Fedora. Following that, he joined the Southwest Mississippi Community College Bears staff for five years, holding various roles including offensive coordinator, special teams coordinator, quarterbacks coach, running backs coach, and tight ends coach during his tenure.

### New England Patriots

In 2018, Achord was hired by the New England Patriots as their assistant special teams coach. In 2020, Achord was promoted to special teams coordinator following the departure of Joe Judge, who left to become the head coach of the New York Giants. He won his first Super Bowl title when the Patriots defeated the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl LIII.

### New York Giants

On March 1, 2024, Achord was hired by the New York Giants to serve as an assistant special teams coach.

## Personal life

Achord is a graduate of Brookhaven Academy. He graduated from Belhaven University with degrees in computer information science and sports administration in 2009. He received a master's degree in sports management from the University of Southern Mississippi in 2011.
# Zhao Yingcheng

Zhao Yingcheng (Chinese: 趙映乘; Hebrew name: Moshe ben Avraham; 1619 – c. 1663) was a Chinese-Jewish philosopher and mandarin of the Ming dynasty. He and his brother Zhao Yingdou, also a mandarin, held important government posts in the 1660s.

## Life and career

Born to a Jewish family in the province of Henan, Zhao became proficient in both Hebrew and Chinese and obtained the jinshi degree in 1646. He was named director of the Ministry of Justice. Four years later he was sent to Fujian and Huguang as an official. He was remembered as an efficient administrator and excellent Confucian scholar who exterminated local bandits and founded schools.
In 1642, near the end of the Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng was flooded by the Ming army with water from the Yellow River to prevent the peasant rebel Li Zicheng from taking over. After this disaster, the city was abandoned. The synagogue of the Kaifeng Jewish community (reportedly dating from 1163) was destroyed, and the Jews took refuge on the north side of the Yellow River. They took with them the Torah scrolls, which had been saved after having been thrown into the river, though they had grown moldy and illegible.
Ten years later, Zhao was detailed to restore the city. With the aid of his brother, Zhao Yingdou (趙映斗), he induced the Jews to recross the river and take up their old quarters. The temple was rebuilt in 1653, with the personal financial support of Zhao. One complete scroll of the Law was made up out of the fragments which had been saved from the river, and other copies were made from this. A stone stele dated 1663 was afterward erected, giving the details of Zhao Yingcheng's action.
Zhao wrote an account of the saving of the scrolls and the rebuilding of the temple, Record of the Vicissitudes of the Holy Scriptures. His brother wrote Preface to the Illustrious Way, believed to be an exposition of the tenets of Judaism. Both works are now lost, although in recent years Chinese scholars have begun a search for them in the libraries of Kaifeng, Beijing, and elsewhere.
All known descendants of Zhao are recorded to have perished from dysentery by the 17th century.
# Guillermo Hormazábal

Guillermo Hormazábal (Latin American Spanish:; born 5 February 1985) is a former Chilean professional tennis player. In 2001, he became an under 16's world champion.

## ATP Challenger & ITF Futures
### Singles titles (15)

* Legend
* ATP Challenger Series
* ITF Futures Series (14)
| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| 1. | 17 October 2004 | Chile F5, Chile | Clay | Pablo Galdón | 7–6, 7–5 |
| 2. | 12 November 2007 | Chile F5, Chile | Clay | Gaston Arturo Grimolizzi | 6–0, 6–4 |
| 3. | 2 June 2008 | Poland F4, Poland | Clay | Grzegorz Panfil | 6–1, 7–5 |
| 4. | 17 July 2008 | Italy F4, Italy | Clay | Matteo Viola | 6–4, 3–6, 6–4 |
| 5. | 2 February 2009 | Colombia F1, Colombia | Clay | Alejandro González | 6–7, 6–1, 6–4 |
| 6. | 13 July 2009 | Italy F19, Italy | Clay | Simone Vagnozzi | 7–5, 6–0 |
| 7. | 3 May 2010 | Italy F7, Italy | Clay | Daniel Evans | 5–7, 6–3, 6–4 |
| 8. | 25 October 2010 | Chile F2, Chile | Clay | Guillermo Rivera-Aránguiz | 7–5, 6–2 |
| 9. | 29 November 2010 | Chile F7, Chile | Clay | Nicolas Pastor | 6–4, 6–3 |
| 10. | 3 October 2011 | Chile F7, Chile | Clay | Laurent Recouderc | 7–5, 6–2 |
| 11. | 10 October 2011 | Chile F8, Chile | Clay | Hans Podlipnik-Castillo | 6–2, 6–1 |
| 12. | 17 October 2011 | Chile F9, Chile | Clay | Cristóbal Saavedra-Corvalán | 6–2, 6–0 |
| 13. | 30 October 2011 | Chile F11, Chile | Clay | Cristóbal Saavedra-Corvalán | 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 |
| 14. | 13 February 2012 | Chile F1, Chile | Clay | Jorge Aguilar | 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 |
| 15. | 9 June 2012 | Italy F12, Italy | Clay | Andrea Arnaboldi | 6–2, 5–7, 6–3 |

### Singles runner-up (10)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| 1. | 14 August 2006 | Poland F9, Poland | Clay | David Novak | 6–1, 3–6, 3–6 |
| 2. | 23 October 2006 | Chile F1, Chile | Clay | Iván Miranda | 4–6, 6–7 |
| 3. | 20 November 2006 | Chile F5, Chile | Clay | Jonathan Gonzalia | 2–6, 6–7 |
| 4. | 5 November 2007 | Chile F4, Chile | Clay | Marin Bradaric | 4–6, 6–1, 3–6 |
| 5. | 24 April 2008 | Italy F11, Italy | Clay | Stefano Ianni | 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |
| 6. | 6 June 2008 | Poland F2, Poland | Clay | Grzegorz Panfil | 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |
| 7. | 1 January 2009 | Challenger ATP Iquique, Chile | Clay | Máximo González | 4–6, 4–6 |
| 8. | 6 December 2010 | Chile F8, Chile | Clay | Borut Puc | 2–6, 7–6, 6–7 |
| 9. | 11 April 2011 | Chile F3, Chile | Clay | Guillaume Rufin | 4–6, 2–6 |
| 10. | 24 October 2011 | Chile F10, Chile | Clay | Cristóbal Saavedra-Corvalán | 3–6, 6–2, 4–6 |
# Kabete Constituency

Kabete Constituency is one of twelve electoral constituencies within Kiambu County that neighbours Westlands Constituency in Nairobi County, Kenya. The constituency has a population of 140,427 people and occupies an approximate area of 60.20 km$^2$.
A study in 2005 revealed that Kabete Constituency had the lowest poverty rate in Kenya.
In 2012 Kikuyu Constituency, previously part of Kabete constituency, was split off following the growth of population within the area.
George Muchai, member of parliament for Kabete Constituency and Deputy Secretary General of the Central Organization of Trade Unions, was shot dead by unknown assailants in Nairobi on February 7, 2015. According to the Standard Newspaper for 10 November 2014, Muchai had alleged that there was rampant embezzlement, misappropriation and mismanagement of workers' deductions which translated into Sh190 billion.
He was succeeded by Ferdinand Waititu who was sworn in on 26 May 2015 during a special parliamentary sitting after winning the election in a landslide victory, winning over 90% of the total votes cast. Waititu is a former Member of Parliament for Embakasi Constituency. After being declared the winner he promised to offer good leadership and indicated that during the next elections he would be a candidate for the post of governor in Kiambu County.
In 2017, James Githua Kamau was elected as the new member of parliament and won the subsequent election in 2022.
Kabete constituency has five county assembly wards as indicated below:
County Assembly Wards in Kabete Constituency :
| County Assembly Ward No. | County Assembly Ward Name: | County Assembly Ward Population (Approx.): | County Assembly Ward Area (Approx.): | County Assembly Ward Description: |
| 0591 | Gitaru Ward | 29,177 | 13.50 km$^2$ (5.21 sq mi) | Comprises Gitaru, Kanyariri, and Chura Sub–Locations of Kiambu County |
| 0592 | Muguga Ward | 27,527 | 15.30 km$^2$ (5.91 sq mi) | Comprises Muguga, Kahuho and Ruku Sub–Locations of Kiambu County |
| 0593 | Nyathuna Ward | 28,771 | 17.80 km$^2$ (6.87 sq mi) | Comprises Nyathuna, Kirangari, Karura and Gathiga Sub–Locations of Kiambu County |
| 0594 | Kabete Ward | 30,657 | 10.10 km$^2$ (3.90 sq mi) | Comprises Lower Kabete and Kibichiku Sub–Locations of Kiambu County |
| 0595 | Uthiru Ward | 24,295 | 3.50 km$^2$ (1.35 sq mi) | Comprises Uthiru Sub-Location of Kiambu County |
# Kabete National Polytechnic

The Kabete National Polytechnic is a national university offering technical training in Kenya. The Kabete technical is located on Waiyaki Way near Uthiru market in Nairobi County. Kabete national polytechnic is known country wide for its best training and performance and considered one of the best technical institution in Kenya This institution was started in 1924 and underwent various revolutionary stages until in 2016 where it was upgraded to a national polytechnic The institute is also accredited by TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training).

## History

Kabete technical was started in 1924 as a technical school and was later change to a training camp for soldiers during the second world war. The school later changed to a primary school then to a secondary school. In 1972 the school started offering technical education for three year courses in Nairobi.
# Moses Georgios of Makuria

Moses Georgios (Ancient Greek: Μώσες Γεωργίου) was ruler of the Nubian kingdom of Makuria. During his reign it is believed that the crown of Alodia was also under the control of Makuria. He is mostly known for his conflict with Saladin.

## Life and reign

In 1171, the Ayyubids overthrew the Fatimid Caliphate, whose capital was Cairo. This brought Makuria and the Ayyubids into conflict with each other. The following year, a Makurian army pillaged Aswan and advanced even further north. It is not clear if this campaign was intended to aid the Fatimids or was merely a raid exploiting the unstable situation in Egypt, although the latter seems more likely, as the Makurians apparently soon withdrew.
To deal with the Nubians, Saladin sent his brother Turan-Shah. The latter conquered Qasr Ibrim in January 1173, reportedly sacking it, taking many prisoners, pillaging the church, and converting it into a mosque. Afterward, he sent an emissary to King Moses Georgios, intending to answer a previously requested peace treaty with a pair of arrows.
Moses Georgios was a man confident in his ability to resist the Ayyubid army, stamping with hot iron a cross on the emissary's hand. Turan-Shah withdrew from Nubia but left a detachment of Kurdish troops in Qasr Ibrim, which would raid Lower Nubia for the next two years. Archaeological evidence links them with the destruction of the Faras Cathedral, the Central Church of Abdallah Nirqi, and Debeira West.
In 1175, a Nubian army finally arrived to confront the invaders at Adindan. Before battle, however, the Kurdish commander Ibrahim al-Kurdi drowned while crossing the Nile, resulting in the retreat of Saladin's troops out of Nubia. Afterwards, there was peace for another 100 years in which Georgios had independence over Nubia while Aswan was reoccupied by the Ayyubids and a garrison of Kurdish soldiers was stationed there.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 259

United Nations Security Council Resolution 259, adopted on September 27, 1968, concerned with the welfare of the inhabitants of the Arab territories then occupied by Israel after the Six-Day War, the Council requested the Secretary-General send a Special Representative to report on the implementation of resolution 237. The Council requested that Israel receive and co-operate with the Special Representative and that the Secretary-General should be afforded all co-operation in order to implement the present resolution.
The resolution was passed with 12 votes to none; Canada, Denmark and the United States abstained.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 513

United Nations Security Council resolution 513, adopted unanimously on 4 July 1982, after recalling resolutions 508 (1982), 509 (1982), 512 (1982) and the Geneva Conventions, the council expressed its alarm at the deteriorating humanitarian situation in west Beirut and southern Lebanon.
The resolution called on Israel, Lebanon and all other parties concerned to respect the rights of the civilian population, and to restore vital supplies of water, electricity, food and medical provisions. The council also commended the work of the Secretary-General and international aid agencies to alleviate the suffering of the civilian population.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 61

United Nations Security Council Resolution 61, adopted on November 4, 1948, decided that the truce established in United Nations Security Council Resolution 54 shall remain in effect until a peaceful adjustment of the future situation of Palestine is reached. To that end the Council ordered the withdraw of the forces in the area back to the positions held on the 14th of October with the Acting Mediator being authorized to establish provisional lines beyond which no movement of troops was to take place. The Council also decreed that neutral zones shall be established through negotiations between the parties, or failing that, by the decision of the Acting Mediator.
The resolution also appointed a committee consisting of the five permanent members of the Council together with Belgium and Colombia to advise the Acting Mediator and, should either or both parties fail to comply with the resolution, advise the Council on what further measures it would be appropriate to take under Chapter VII of the Charter.
The resolution was adopted with nine votes and one against (Ukrainian SSR), while the Soviet Union abstained.