OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josh Chambers

Josh Chambers (born 13 November 2003) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Isthmian League Premier Division club Chatham Town.

## Career

Chambers was a second-year scholar when he was involved with the Gillingham first-team in February 2022, becoming the fifth youngest player in the club's history to be named in a first-team squad. He made his EFL League One debut on 12 March, after coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Charlie Kelman in a 1–0 win at Doncaster Rovers. He won his first start on 2 April, in a 1–0 defeat at Sunderland; manager Neil Harris said that "he's got real personality and character. That's why I played him".
He appeared to have left the club after rejecting a new contract offer and trialling with Tottenham Hotspur at the end of the 2021–22 season. However, he eventually signed a new contract in September 2022.
On 6 November 2022, he joined Worthing of the National League South on a short-term loan deal. He impressed manager Adam Hinshelwood, who said he would and try to extend the teenager's loan deal. In January 2023 it was confirmed that Gillingham had agreed to extend his loan until the end of the 2022–23 season. After 26 appearances and three goals for Worthing, Gillingham recalled Chambers from his loan on 20 April 2023.
On 11 November 2023 Chambers joined National League South side Welling United on loan for an initial period of one month, making his league debut for the side in a 4–3 win over Slough Town the same day.
On 22 March 2024 Chambers re-joined Worthing on loan until the end of the 2023–24 season.
On 6 August 2024, Chambers signed for Isthmian League Premier Division side Folkestone Invicta following his departure from Gillingham. He was released by the club on 18 September 2024 after just five appearances.
On 10 January 2025, Isthmian League Premier Division side Chatham Town announced that Chambers had signed for them.

## Career statistics

    As of end of 2023–24 season
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gillingham | 2021–22 | League One | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Gillingham | 2022–23 | League Two | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Gillingham | 2023–24 | League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Gillingham | Total | Total | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Worthing (loan) | 2022–23 | National League South | 26 | 3 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 28 | 3 |
| Welling United (loan) | 2023–24 | National League South | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
| Worthing (loan) | 2023–24 | National League South | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 41 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 50 | 4 |
* 1 2 Appearances in EFL Trophy
* 1 2 Appearances in FA Trophy
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 701

United Nations Security Council resolution 701, adopted unanimously on 31 July 1991, after recalling previous resolutions on the topic, as well as studying the report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) approved in 426 (1978), the Council decided to extend the mandate of UNIFIL for a further six months until 31 January 1992.
The Council then reemphasised the mandate of the Force and requested the Secretary-General to report back on the progress made with regard to the implementation of resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978).
# Centre City Tower (Pittsburgh)

The Centre City Tower (also spelled Center City Tower) is a 341-foot (104 m) tall skyscraper in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It contains 26 floors, and stands as the 20th-tallest building in the city. Centre City Tower was constructed in 1971, and was later renovated in 2002. The entire building contains Class B office space, and is an example of modern architecture.
# Minor metals

Minor metals is a widely used term in the metal industry that generally refers to metals which are a by-product of smelting a base metal. Minor metals do not have a real exchange, and are not traded on the London Metal Exchange (LME).

## Characteristics

Two characteristics are regularly associated with minor metals: (1) their global production is relatively small in comparison to base metals, and (2), they are predominantly extracted as by-products of base metals. However, due to the diversity of the metals often classified as minor metals, there is still much discussion about what exactly defines a minor metal. Minor metals have a wide variety of uses, including pharmaceutical, semiconductor, automotive, glass, battery, solar and many others. Many of these minor metals are critical to 21st century technology. They are more difficult to extract from their naturally occurring host minerals than base metals.

## Industry

According to the Minor Metals Trade Association (MMTA), its members alone account for over US$10 billion in annual trade of minor metal products.

## Production

Recent research based on data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) indicates that China is not only the leading primary producer of minor metals, supplying about 40 percent of all production, but that China's share of global production increased 34 percent between 2000 and 2009.

## Applications

Minor metals are used in a wide diversity of end-use applications, from capacitors for consumer electronics (tantalum) and metallic cathodes for rechargeable batteries (cobalt) to photovoltaic solar cells (silicon) and semiconductor materials (gallium and indium). The primary end-uses of minor metals can also help to categorize the metals into four groups:
* Electronic metals (e.g. gallium and germanium)
* Power metals (e.g. molybdenum and zirconium)
* Structural metals (e.g. chromium and vanadium)
* Performance metals (e.g. titanium and rhenium)

## Minor metals

Metals often classified as minor metals include: antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), cerium (Ce), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), gadolinium (Gd), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), hafnium (Hf), indium (In), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), neodymium (Nd), niobium (Nb), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), praseodymium (Pr), rhenium (Re), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), samarium (Sm), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), tantalum (Ta), tellurium (Te), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), and zirconium (Zr).
# Colin Smith (British rower)

Colin M. Smith (born 23 September 1983 in Harare, Zimbabwe) is a Zimbabwean-born British rower, Olympic silver medallist and three times an Oxford Blue. He also possesses a degree in law.

## Education

Colin Smith was educated at the Prince Edward School, Zimbabwe and St Catherine's College, Oxford (M.'03) where he read geography. He subsequently read for an MBA at the University of Oxford Saïd Business School in 2009 and finished a Graduate Diploma in Law in 2010.

## The Boat Race

Whilst at Oxford University, Smith was a member of Oxford University Boat Club and took part in The Boat Race in 2004 and 2006. He returned in 2009, as president and won a second Boat Race. In 2009, Colin along with George Bridgewater, Alex Hearne and Ante Kusurin graduated with an MBA from the Said Business School.
* 2009 OUBC – Won (two seat)
* 2006 OUBC – Won (two seat)
* 2005 Isis – Lost (stroke seat)
* 2004 OUBC – Lost (stroke seat)

## International Rowing Career
### Olympic Games

* 2008 Beijing – Silver, Men's Eight (stroke seat)

### World Championships

* 2007 Munich – Bronze, Coxless Pair (stroke seat)
* 2006 Eton – 6th, Coxless Pair (bow seat)
* 2005 Gifu – 12th, Single Scull

### World Cups

* 2008 Lucerne – 8th, Coxless Four (stroke seat)
* 2008 Munich – Silver, Eight (stroke seat)
* 2007 Amsterdam – Gold, Eight (two seat)
* 2007 Linz – Gold, Coxless Pair (bow seat)
* 2006 Lucerne – Silver, Coxless Pair (bow seat)
* 2005 Munich – 11th, Double Scull (stroke seat)
* 2005 Eton – 13th, Single Scull

### World Under 23 Regatta

* 2005 Amsterdam – 4th, Double Scull (bow seat)
* 2004 Poznań – 2nd, Single Scull
# Citadel Center

The Citadel Center is a 580 ft (177m) tall skyscraper in the Chicago Loop. It is located at 131 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois 60603, and was designed by Spanish architect Ricardo Bofill and his firm, Taller de Arquitectura. As of 2020, Citadel Center is the 65th tallest building in Chicago. It was completed in 2003 and has 37 above ground floors and 3 below (40 total) covering 1,536,548 sq. ft. It was certified as LEED Gold in 2017. A limited-edition cast of the Winged Victory of Samothrace, one of the world's most famous sculptures, was displayed in the lobby, and removed in late 2018. The original is on display at the Louvre Museum. The lobby previously featured a curved wall of Padauk red wood.
The Citadel Center was the first building in Chicago to use a raised-floor pressurized plenum system, allowing for more individual control of climate by the use of adjustable floor diffusers.

## 2018 Renovation

The building is undergoing a $100M renovation scheduled to be completed toward the end of 2018. Renovations include work in the lobby, the creation of a 182 seat conference center, as well as a 9,000 sq. ft roof deck on the 12th floor (short side of building). Tenants will also have access to a new 12th-floor amenities area, including the "Elevate Lounge," and a 10,000 sq. ft fitness center run by Midtown Athletic Club.

## Transportation

There is access to the CTA Red Line and CTA Blue Line immediately outside the main entrance on S. Dearborn Street which provides direct access to O'Hare International Airport. The building's garage has about 215 spaces. There is a bike storage room, and bi-directional bike lanes run north–south to the building's west on Dearborn Street. Numerous CTA lines and buses are also proximal.

## Site In Chicago

The Citadel Center sits on a site occupied originally by The Fair Store, an early high-rise designed by William LeBaron Jenney in 1892 that was demolished in 1985.

## Tenants

* Citadel
* Holland & Knight
* Perkins Coie
* JPMorgan Chase
* Sprout Social (Spanish)
* Food.Partners I Co-op.Partners

## Retail Tenants

* Starbucks Coffee
* AKIRA Chicago
* Hannah's Bretzel
# Tipton District Library

Tipton District Library is a Grade II listed building on Victoria road, Tipton, West Midlands, England that opened in 1906.

## History

The library was a gift given to the town of Tipton by the Scottish born American philanthropist and historian Andrew Carnegie.
It was designed by George H. Wenyon (who also designed Dudley Library) and built in 1905 to the design of red brick with bands of yellow terracotta and a tile roof. A single storey building consisting of a large central tower that has corner buttresses and a domed lantern. It was opened to the public in 1906 by Councillor William Woolley Doughty, who later became the Chairman of Tipton Urban District Council. When opened, the library had an adult, junior and children’s library as well as several reading rooms.
The building was granted Grade II listed status in February 1982.
In 2000, the library closed to the public before being moved to a new library that had been built in Unity Walk. It was then used as Sandwell Council’s Occupational Health Unit before becoming Tipton Carnegie Centre in 2006.
In April 2024, Sandwell Council reopened the library in its original building after a petition signed by more than 900 locals, two years before, was handed to the council to save the building.
# Israel on Campus Coalition

The Israel on Campus Coalition (ICC) is a United States pro-Israel umbrella organization founded in 2002 with funding from the Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Philanthropies and Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life. ICC's chief executive officer since 2013, Jacob Baime, is a former national field director for AIPAC.

## History

ICC coordinates groups and students to respond to perceived anti-Israel activism.
The ICC collects and publishes data on the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. It publishes an annual campus trends report on this topic. According to promotional material distributed to potential donors ICC monitors progressive Jewish student groups.
In 2016, ICC campaigned against Palestinian-American poet Remi Kanazi by secretly funding Facebook pages that appeared under the names of fake student organizations. Asked in 2018 about the pages, Facebook removed them for violating their "policies against misrepresentation".
In November 2018, undercover footage from the censored Al Jazeera Documentary “The Lobby USA” revealed extensive conversations between ICC executives and Al Jazeera's undercover reporter. An ICC executive admits the organization “coordinates” and “communicates” with Israel's Ministry of Strategic Affairs. The footage also revealed the ICC includes the Ministry of Strategic Affairs on the organizations “operations and intelligence brief.” Despite the admission that Israel on Campus Coalition coordinates with the Ministry of Strategic Affairs, an Israeli government ministry, records show the ICC is not registered under the Foreign Agent Registration Act.
Al Jazeera reported on surveillance campaigns conducted by the Israel on Campus Coalition that the organization claims are directed towards pro-Palestine and BDS advocates, describing the organization's surveillance efforts as a method of psychological warfare through undercover footage. The film ultimately reveals the ICC coordinates closely with and may operate Canary Mission. The organization previously received criticism from progressive Jewish student organization Open Hillel, after the ICC recognized the Canary Mission blacklist "for deterring BDS activism and causing students to drop their support for pro-Palestine groups out of fear of repercussions."
In October 2023, the organization led petitions to multiple universities to withdraw recognition of and funding for Students for Justice in Palestine. That same month, the organization sponsored a concert by musician Matisyahu on Columbia University's campus. In November 2023, the ICC reimbursed thousands of pro-Israel college students up to $250 per person to travel to the November 14, 2023 March for Israel rally in Washington D.C., funded through its microgrant program.
The Nation claimed to link the organization to Israeli intelligence and AIPAC. It gathers information on pro-Palestinian students and groups in the US, including through the use of student informants in Jewish and pro-Israel student organizations, to pass on to the Israeli Ministry of Strategic Affairs.
# 1856 State of the Union Address

The 1856 State of the Union Address was given by Franklin Pierce, the 14th president of the United States. It was presented to the 34th United States Congress by the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. He said, "it is necessary only to say that the internal prosperity of the country, its continuous and steady advancement in wealth and population and in private as well as public well-being, attest the wisdom of our institutions and the predominant spirit of intelligence and patriotism which, notwithstanding occasional irregularities of opinion or action resulting from popular freedom, has distinguished and characterized the people of America." He also stated, "In the long series of acts of indirect aggression, the first was the strenuous agitation by citizens of the Northern States, in Congress and out of it, of the question of Negro emancipation in the Southern States." President Pierce supported the Kansas-Nebraska act. This neutralized the issue of slavery in the central states, and did not say whether to allow it or not.
The President closed his final message with a message looking towards the future by saying:
   We have at length reached that stage of our country's career in which the dangers to be encountered and the exertions to be made are the incidents, not of weakness, but of strength. In foreign relations we have to attemper our power to the less happy condition of other Republics in America and to place ourselves in the calmness and conscious dignity of right by the side of the greatest and wealthiest of the Empires of Europe. In domestic relations we have to guard against the shock of the discontents, the ambitions, the interests, and the exuberant, and therefore sometimes irregular, impulses of opinion or of action which are the natural product of the present political elevation, the self-reliance, and the restless spirit of enterprise of the people of the United States.
# Islamic Salvation Party

The National Islamic Salvation Party (Arabic: حزب الخلاص الوطني الإسلامي) is an offshoot political party formed by members of Hamas in 1996 in response to the signing of the Oslo Peace Accords.

## History

After the signing of the Oslo Peace Accords in 1993 and the creation of the Palestinian Authority (PA) in 1994, Hamas leadership was growing confident in its grassroots support and electoral clout, and Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin did not rule out that Hamas would contest national elections as a political party. The National Islamic Salvation Party was formed in Gaza in March 1996. Despite denying any connection with Hamas, its leadership and members belong to Hamas. The establishment of the party by an element of Hamas chose not to confront Fatah militarily in opposition to the Oslo Accords, but politically instead. Ismail Haniyeh was one of its leaders. Therefore, Haniyeh was not detained or tortured by the PA like other Hamas members during this time.
The successful cooptation of some parts of Palestinian Islamism, including the Islamic Salvation Party, was part of an effort by Arafat to divide and weaken Hamas in the post-Oslo era.
As of 2004, journalist Ghazi Hamad, editor-in-chief of Ar-Risala was its head. In 2007, the party was led by senior Hamas official Yahya Musa.

## Positions

The party, an unofficial political wing of Hamas, is considered more pragmatic than Hamas rank and file.

## Funding

In 2017, the party received $50,000 a month from Arafat.
# Bullacephalus

Bullacephalus is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids belonging to the family Burnetiidae. The type species B. jacksoni was named in 2003. It is known from a relatively complete skull and lower jaw, discovered in the Late Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group of South Africa. This genus of therapsida lived during the Late Permian period, approximately 250 million years ago.
The name Bullacephalus comes from the Latin words "bullatus," meaning "bossed" or "knobbed," and "cephalus," meaning "head." This name refers to the distinctive bony knob on the top of the therapsid's skull, which contributes to the history of this genus. This stem based taxon includes Ictidorhinus or Hippasaurs. Bullacephalus can even be characterized as having "skull moderately to greatly pachyostotic; swollen boss present above the postorbital bar formed by the postfrontal and postorbital; deep linear sculpturing of the snout; exclusion of the jugal from the lateral temporal fenestra". Further research into the morphology, phylogenetics, and ecology of Bullacephalus and other Burnetiamorpha will likely continue to yield insights into the evolution of therapsids and the complex history of life on Earth.

## Taxonomy

Despite the limited amount of fossil material available, Bullacephalus has generated considerable interest among paleontologists due to its unique morphology and uncertain taxonomic classification. It is a part of the Burnetiamorpha suborder. Currently, the Burnetiamorpha comprise nine genera: Bullacephalus, Burnetia, Lemurosaurus, Lobalopex, Lophorhinus, Paraburnetia, and Pachydectes from South Africa. (Kruger et al., 2015). Some researchers have suggested that Bullacephalus are a type of Therapsida: Biarmoschia, related to the successful tetrapod Anomadontia helping researchers understand the basic morphology. This specific therapsid could be distinguished by the short snout, septomaxilla, and has a short facial exposure between nasal and maxilla, along with many other skull characteristics. Its unique morphology, particularly its short snout and septomaxilla, have led researchers to speculate about its feeding habits and ecological niche.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 722

United Nations Security Council resolution 722, adopted unanimously on 29 November 1991, after considering a report by the Secretary-General regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), the Council noted its efforts to establish a durable and just peace in the Middle East.
The resolution decided to call upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973), it renewed the mandate of the Observer Force for another six months until 31 May 1992 and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.
On the extension of the Force, the President of the Security Council said that while the situation was calm, it remained dangerous until a "comprehensive settlement covering all aspects of the Middle East problem can be reached."
# Police science

Police science or police studies is the study of police work. It is a subfield of criminology and sociology. As an interdisciplinary science, the field includes contributions from political science, forensic science, anthropology, psychology, jurisprudence, criminal justice, human geography, correctional administration and penology. The field makes contributions to understanding of community policing, police culture, and other policing tactics or behaviors.
There was a "dizzying expansion" of police studies in the early 2000s with a large number of works being published in the field.

## By country
### United Kingdom

UK has developed the Police National Computer as a sophisticated intelligence tool that holds extensive data on criminals, vehicles and property, and accessible in a matter of seconds through over 30,000 terminals across the country.
PITO reports that a national fingerprint and DNA database has been developed containing over 3.4 million DNA profiles providing the police with an average of 3,000 matches a month. In 2004-5 there were over 40,000 matches.
The police use a wide range of technologies to curb road traffic offences like speeding and drunk driving including breathalyser devices, bus lane enforcement cameras, immobilisation devices, light signals devices and speed measuring devices.

### Bangladesh

A department of Criminology and Police Science (CPS) has launched in 2003 at Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University.