OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1817 State of the Union Address

The 1817 State of the Union Address was delivered by the fifth president of the United States, James Monroe, on December 2, 1817. This was Monroe's first annual message to the 15th United States Congress and reflected on the nation's prosperity following the War of 1812.

## Content of speech
### Agriculture and peace

Monroe began by celebrating the country's agricultural abundance, expanding commerce, and strong public credit. He emphasized the benefits of peace and economic recovery, noting that local rivalries were subsiding in favor of a broader, unified national perspective. Monroe called for gratitude to Providence for the nation's blessings and for strength to preserve its freedoms.

### Foreign affairs and smuggling

Monroe discussed foreign relations, highlighting a naval disarmament agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain on the Great Lakes, which reduced the risk of conflict in the region. He also mentioned the ongoing negotiations with Spain regarding territorial disputes and compensation for American spoliation claims, expressing hope for a peaceful resolution.
Monroe addressed the issue of independence movements in Spanish America, reaffirming U.S. neutrality in the conflict between Spain and its colonies while acknowledging that American citizens had suffered during the turmoil. He mentioned concerns about illegal activities, such as slave smuggling and privateering, arising from unauthorized foreign expeditions in Florida and Texas, emphasizing the need to protect U.S. interests.

### Domestic matters

Monroe expressed optimism about domestic progress, noting that public revenue was exceeding expectations, allowing for the repayment of the national debt and investment in national defense. He also emphasized the importance of internal improvements, such as roads and canals, to connect the country and promote economic growth.

### Closing

In closing, Monroe called for attention to the needs of veterans from the American Revolutionary War, urging Congress to provide for any surviving veterans who were in distress. He also recommended the repeal of internal taxes, as the government's revenue from tariffs and land sales was sufficient to cover its expenses.
# Hollow Tree

Hollow Tree is a Western red cedar tree stump and a popular landmark in Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia.

## History

The tree was damaged during a December 2006 windstorm and was slated for removal. In 2009, the Stanley Park Hollow Tree Conservation Society was formed and began raising money from private donors to preserve the landmark. A metal frame was installed within the tree to hold the structure in place. A ceremony for the restored tree was held in October 2011.
Two "suspicious" fires were put out by firefighters in September 2014.

## Gallery

* An undated photo from Frank Gowen's Vancouver, 1914–1931, showing an elephant lifting a woman with its trunk, standing inside the tree
* Interior of the tree, showing the supporting metal frame
* The tree in 2014
# Atchee, Colorado

Atchee is a ghost town in Garfield County, Colorado. It was originally a railroad village/company town owned by the Gilsonite Company that served as a shopping town on the narrow-gauge Uintah Railway. The railroad served mines in nearby Utah. At a point in time, the railroad was dismantled which led to a sharp population decline. By 1938, there were only 27 voters in the town and by 1940 only two voters remained.

## History

The Atchee, Colorado, post office operated from September 26, 1905, until April 30, 1940. The town was a company town and thus almost everyone in the town worked for the Gilsonite Company. The houses all had running water and steam heat as well as being served by electricity. Atchee was never an incorporated town.

### Rail line

The rail line was the lifeblood of the town, with the town's population sharply declining and eventually falling into ghost town status after the demolition of the rail line. The line itself ran from Mack, Colorado, to Watson, Utah, with a spur to the Rainbow Mine in Utah from Watson. During the summer, there were special trains run for students of the Colorado School of Mines.
# 1838 State of the Union Address

The 1838 State of the Union Address was delivered by the eighth president of the United States Martin Van Buren to the 25th United States Congress on December 3, 1838. Van Buren presented an optimistic view of the nation's state, reflecting on fifty years of federal governance under the U.S. Constitution, which he described as a system preserving both "individual happiness" and "private interests." This year marked the nation’s half-century under the framework devised by the Founding Fathers, which Van Buren credited for the preservation of peace, liberty, and economic growth.
Van Buren reflected on the United States’ significant advancements in education, religious freedom, and infrastructure development. He highlighted how the Constitution allowed for expansion westward while balancing the unique cultural and social attributes of the many new communities. Van Buren noted, “Each successive change made in our local institutions...has increased the direct influence of the mass of the community,” underscoring how democratic practices had grown to serve the broader population.
The speech also covered key foreign policy issues. Relations with Mexico were stabilizing through a new treaty that aimed to arbitrate longstanding disputes. Van Buren reported progress toward settling boundary disputes with Great Britain over the northeastern U.S. border. Furthermore, he addressed concerns over unauthorized expeditions by American citizens into Canada during times of unrest, vowing the government would "repress all attempts" by Americans to interfere in Canadian affairs.
On domestic matters, Van Buren focused on economic recovery following the Panic of 1837, mentioning efforts to stabilize the currency and the resumption of specie (gold and silver) payments. He acknowledged that the federal treasury had stabilized and attributed this in part to the return to specie-backed currency: "The short duration of [the suspension of specie payments]...proves how little our finances require such an institution" as a national bank.
The president also discussed progress in Indian removal efforts, noting the complete relocation of the Cherokee Nation and the near-total resettlement of other tribes, such as the Choctaw and Creek. Van Buren highlighted the challenges posed by the Seminole Wars, stressing continued efforts to remove Seminole forces resisting relocation in Florida. He contended that this longstanding federal policy was intended to support "civilization" and independence for the tribes in newly designated lands west of the Mississippi River.
# Thevitella

Thevitella is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Thevitella alphalis, which is found in Madagascar.
# Mariangela Perrupato

Mariangela Perrupato (born 15 September 1988) is an Italian synchronized swimmer. She competed in the women's duet with Giulia Lapi at the 2012 Summer Olympics, finishing in 7th place. She was part of the Italian team in the team event at the 2016 Summer Olympics finishing 5th.

## Biography

She began synchronised swimming at the age of 6. She made her senior international debut for Italy in 2006 at the European Championships in Budapest, where she won bronze in the duet. She had already won medals at junior level, winning a silver in the team event at the 2004 European Junior Synchronised Swimming Championships in Osweicim. In November 2016, she suffered a herniated disc.
Perrupato an athlete of the Gruppo Sportivo Fiamme Oro.
# Filth City

Filth City is a 2017 Canadian comedy film, directed by Andy King.
The film stars Pat Thornton as Mayor Hogg, the mayor of York City who is embroiled in a political scandal. The film is loosely based on the crack cocaine scandal surrounding former Toronto mayor Rob Ford. The cast also includes Melinda Shankar, Andy King, Danny Polishchuk, Melanie Nicholls-King, Kathleen Phillips, Lenno Britos, Michael Copeman, Brian Kaulback, Kayla Lorette, Brooks Gray and Chris Locke.
The film was shot in Hamilton, Ontario in fall 2015. The film was originally scheduled to be released as a television film on Super Channel in 2016, but following that service's bankruptcy, it instead premiered theatrically at the 2017 Canadian Filmmakers' Festival.
Rob Ford's brother, Doug Ford, denounced the film and threatened King (without mentioning his name) by saying, "Make sure he is not crossing the street when I am driving down the road." King called his threat "outrageous".

## Cast

* Pat Thornton as Mayor Hogg
* Danny Polishchuk as Officer Randy Kapowski
* Andy King as Officer Phil Coke
* Melinda Shankar as Monica
* Melanie Nicholls-King as Detective Mason
* Michael Copeman as Captain Lester Schultz
* Kathleen Phillips as Eve Knight
* Brian Kaulback as Detective Sgt. O'Donovan
* Kayla Lorette as Rhonda Hogg
* Brooks Gray as Gerry Popadick
* Chris Locke as Detective Ray Zitt
# ExcelAire

ExcelAire, LLC is a United States air charter company based at Long Island MacArthur Airport in Ronkonkoma, New York. It specializes in worldwide jet and helicopter charters, aircraft management, maintenance and aircraft sales.

## Overhiew

Founded in 1993 by Bob Sherry, ExcelAire is currently headed by his son Robert Sherry Jr., its president. ExcelAire is a division of Executive Fliteways and its headquarters is housed in 200,000 square feet of hangar space at MacArthur Airport.
In 2012, ExcelAire was acquired by Hawthorne Global Aviation Services. It was subsequently purchased by Executive Fliteways in 2023.

## Fleet

As of April 2022, ExcelAire had 7 Aircraft.
ExcelAire Fleet :
| Aircraft | In Service | Registration Number |
| Embraer Legacy 600 | 2 | N679MS And N515JT |
| Bombardier Challenger 604 | 1 | N604RR |
| Cessna Citation Latitude | 1 | N393KB |
| Gulfstream G280 | 1 | N968UD |
| Gulfstream G-V | 1 | N565JT |
| Pilatus PC-12NG | 1 | N367JK |

## Accidents and incidents

* On September 29, 2006, a Embraer Legacy 600 on a delivery flight by ExcelAire and piloted by Jean Paul Paladino and Joseph Lepore was involved in a mid-air collision with Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907. All 154 people on board the Gol Boeing 737 were killed, but everyone on the Legacy jet survived. At the time it was Brazil's deadliest aviation crash, surpassing VASP Flight 168 and surpassed by TAM Airlines Flight 3054 at Congonhas-São Paulo Airport on July 17, 2007. After investigation by NTSB and CENIPA, it was found that the pilots Joe Lepore and Jan Paladino had turned the TCAS off, allowing the two aircraft to get on a collision course that caused the crash.
* On February 2, 2022, a Pilatus PC-12 registration N357JK operated by ExcelAire collided with and damaged the nose and right wing of a parked British Aerospace 125, registration N207K. The accident is under investigation by the Federal Aviation Administration.
# 1848 State of the Union Address

The 1848 State of the Union address was delivered by James K. Polk, the 11th president of the United States, to the 30th United States Congress on December 5, 1848. This address highlighted Polk’s vision for America following the recent territorial gains from the Mexican-American War and addressed both domestic policies and international relations in a rapidly expanding nation.
Polk expressed gratitude for “peace, plenty, and contentment” across the nation, affirming the prosperity the United States had achieved while European nations faced instability. Emphasizing the strength of democratic governance, Polk credited the nation's success to “the great republican maxim that the will of the majority, constitutionally expressed, shall prevail.”
The President noted the substantial territorial expansion resulting from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which concluded the Mexican-American War. Polk outlined the economic and strategic value of these new territories, particularly California, with its potential as a major Pacific trade hub. He stated that “Upper California… holds at this day, in point of value and importance, to the rest of the Union the same relation that Louisiana did” when acquired from France, stressing the importance of organizing California and New Mexico under territorial governments.
Another key aspect of Polk’s address was the recent discovery of gold in California. He reported to Congress that recent surveys suggested California’s gold resources “are more extensive and valuable than was anticipated,” foreseeing California’s economic importance and proposing the establishment of a U.S. Mint branch on the Pacific coast to process the gold being mined.
Polk also acknowledged the role of the U.S. military in securing and maintaining these territories, lauding both Army and Navy officers for their service. He emphasized the Navy’s importance, even though it had less engagement during the war, as it secured safe trade routes and supported military efforts along the coasts.
Domestically, Polk reinforced his stance on fiscal prudence and opposed protective tariffs, suggesting that “the revenue duties” under the tariff of 1846 had balanced economic growth and a favorable fiscal position for the United States. Polk urged that government expenditure should be kept “economical” to reduce the public debt and maintain stability.
Polk’s speech, delivered amid a transformative period in U.S. history, reflected his belief in expansionism and manifest destiny, yet warned of the domestic sectional tensions that lay ahead over the future of slavery in these new territories, advocating for non-interference by Congress and leaving the decision to the residents when they formed state constitutions.
# Farimah Farjami

Farimah Farjami (Persian: فریماه فرجامی, 8 May 1952 – 30 June 2023) was an Iranian actress. She received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh for The Last Act (1991). Her acting in films, especially in independent women's dramas, was repeatedly praised by critics. She was often referred to as one of the leading actors of her generation.

## Life and career

Farjami's performances in the roles of wandering and wavering young or middle age women who struggle with psychological and personal problems were admired by film critics, and won awards for The Lead (1988, Masoud Kimiai), The Last Act (1990, Varouj Karim-Masihi), and Nargess (1992, Rakhshan Bani Etemad) from International Fajr Film Festival.
Farjami died on 30 June 2023, at the age of 71, after suffering two strokes.
# Prhajevo

Prhajevo (pronounced) is a small settlement northwest of Velike Lašče in central Slovenia. The entire Municipality of Velike Lašče lies in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
# Testicular trauma

Testicular trauma is an injury to one or both testicles. Types of injuries include blunt, penetrating, and degloving.
Because the testes are located within the scrotum, which hangs outside of the body, they do not have the protection of muscles and bones. This makes it easier for the testes to be struck, hit, kicked, or crushed, which occurs most often during contact sports. Testicles can be protected by wearing athletic cups during sports.
Trauma to the testes can cause severe pain, bruising, swelling, and/or in severe cases even infertility. In most cases, the testes—which are made of a spongy material—can absorb some impact without serious damage. A rare type of testicular trauma, called testicular rupture, occurs when a testicle receives a direct blow or is squeezed against the hard bones of the pelvis. This injury can cause blood to leak into the scrotum and possibly even infertility and other complications. In severe cases, surgery to repair the rupture—and thus save the testicle—may be necessary.
In at least one case, testicular trauma was reported as the cause of a patient developing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) despite otherwise minor trauma.
# Diocese of Dacia Felix

The Diocese of Dacia Felix (Romanian: Episcopia Daciei Felix; Serbian: Епархија Дакија Феликс, romanized: Eparhija Dakija Feliks) is the Romanian Orthodox diocese of the Romanians in Serbia (including the Timok Vlachs).

## History

In 1971, the Romanian parishes in the Serbian Banat were merged into a vicariate the center of which was Vršac (Romanian: Vârșeț), Serbia, and which was part of the Metropolis of Banat. This vicariate would later be ascended to the Diocese of Dacia Felix in 1997. The city of Deta in Romania was chosen as its official center, while Vršac remained as the administrative headquarters.
In the early 2000s, the diocese began to expand its influence over the Timok Valley, region that the Serbian Orthodox Church considers its own. On 31 March 2001, Daniil Stoenescu became the bishop of the diocese. In 2005, the first temple in the Timok Valley with services performed in Romanian was built. Serbian authorities viewed it as illegal and attempted to demolish it, but did not do so due to external pressure. The diocese was withdrawn from the Metropolis of Banat in 2009 to be directly subordinate to the Patriarch of All Romania. On 1 August 2017, Siluan Mănuilă, bishop of the Diocese of Gyula in Hungary, became leader of the diocese due to health problems of Stoenescu. He was replaced on 5 July 2022 by Ieronim Crețu [ro], who became the new head of the diocese.
# History of rail transport in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and previously consisted of Great Britain and the whole of Ireland. Rail transport systems developed independently on the two islands of Great Britain and Ireland, and most of the railway construction in the Republic of Ireland was undertaken before independence in 1922. Thus, the logical division to discuss the history of railways in these areas is by geographical division, rather than the political division of nation states.
* History of rail transport in Great Britain discusses the history of rail transport on the larger of the British isles, comprising England, Scotland and Wales. Here, the vast majority of the railway system standardised on the standard gauge of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm).
* History of rail transport in Ireland discusses the history of rail transport on the island of Ireland, comprising the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Here a system using a broad gauge of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) developed.
# 1853 State of the Union Address

The 1853 State of the Union Address was delivered by the 14th president of the United States, Franklin Pierce, to the 33rd United States Congress on December 5, 1853. This address marked Pierce's first annual message to Congress, emphasizing themes of national prosperity, international relations, and the importance of federal restraint in domestic policy. Pierce opened by celebrating the peace and prosperity the United States was experiencing, calling it "a time of remarkable progress" and "unusual blessings." He emphasized the importance of national integrity and suggested that the nation's success was sustained by the favor of Providence.
A major focus of Pierce's address was foreign relations. He discussed a variety of diplomatic challenges, including disputes with Great Britain regarding fishing rights in the North Atlantic. Pierce announced that negotiations had been opened to establish more favorable agreements for American fishermen. Pierce also highlighted issues in Central America and his hope that disputes over British influence in the region could be resolved amicably. Additionally, he referenced tensions over the seizure of Hungarian-born Martin Koszta by Austrian authorities, expressing that Koszta was entitled to U.S. protection, an assertion that had drawn Austria's protests. "The acts of our officers, under the circumstances of the case, were justifiable," Pierce asserted.
Regarding domestic issues, Pierce focused on federalism, stressing that federal powers should be limited to those clearly outlined in the Constitution and advocating a restrained role for the federal government. He argued that internal improvements, including road construction, should be carefully considered, particularly regarding state and federal jurisdiction. Reflecting the expansionist spirit of the time, Pierce mentioned the significance of recent territory acquisitions, predicting that the population might reach 100 million within decades. He urged Congress to prioritize infrastructure that would connect the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, especially advocating for the construction of a transcontinental railroad.
Pierce closed by reflecting on the passing of Vice President William R. King earlier in the year. King had taken the oath of office in Cuba due to illness but passed away in April 1853 shortly after returning to Alabama. Pierce acknowledged the challenges ahead but expressed his commitment to promoting "the honor and advancement of my country."
# Contamina

Contamina is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain to the west of the Sierra de Padros, in the upper valley of the river Jalón, a tributary of the Ebro. According to the 2008 census (Instituto Nacional de Estadística), the municipality has a population of 42 inhabitants. In 1930 the population was 252. The 16th-century parish church is dedicated to St Bartholomew and is constructed in the baroque style. It has a notable 16th-century altar depicting the life of Saint Bartholomew in eight panels.
The novel Secuestro y fonda de Cela en Contamina by José de Cora, is set in the pueblo and recounts a fictional history of the kidnapping of 1989 Nobel Prize winner Camilo José Cela by three local inhabitants.
Two kilometres to the east lies the spa town of Alhama de Aragón. The main highway between Zaragoza and Madrid skirts the northern edge of the settlement. This is a rural community with arable and fruit farms. There is a restaurant and a casa rural (self catering accommodation).
A few kilometres to the south-east lies the Tranquera reservoir and the ancient Monasterio de Piedra with its famous water gardens.

## History

The origin of the name Contamina is believed to be from the Latin CONDOMIN(I)A (joint domain). Contamina used to lie on the Camino Real, the royal highway to Madrid, and in the Middle Ages was the location of stables for royal post horses. In 1361 king Pedro IV gave the manor of Contamina to Pedro Carrillo. In 1646 Contamina was granted by king Felipe IV to Sr. Juan Fernandez de Heredia of Cetina, who became Conde de Contamina. In the diaries of Elizabeth, Lady Holland, the Conde de Contamina was mentioned favourably as a supporter of the English cause against Napoleon during the Peninsular War.
During the Spanish Civil War Contamina remained in the Nationalist Zone following occupation of most of the province of Zaragoza by Franco's Nationalist forces in the summer of 1936. Five residents of the village were murdered by nationalist forces in 1936.

## Fiestas

* August 24, Saint Bartholomew
* First Sunday in October, Virgen del Rosario.

## Nearby places

* Alhama de Aragon
* Ariza
* Cetina
* Monasterio de Piedra
* Nuevalos
# Nifty Fifty (disambiguation)

Nifty Fifty or Nifty 50 may refer to:
* Nifty Fifty, an informal term for 50 U.S. blue chip stocks in the mid-20th century
* NIFTY 50, an Indian stock market index
* Honda NQ50, also known as the Nifty 50
* Normal lens with a focal length of 50 mm