OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alfred Kinally

Alfred Walter Kinally (1908-1986) was a male athlete who competed for England at the 1934 British Empire Games.

## Biography

Kinally competed in the pole vault at the 1934 British Empire Games in London.
Kinally finished second behind John Dodd in the pole vault event at the 1937 AAA Championships. At the time of the 1937 Championships he was serving with the 2nd Battalion Royal Tank Corps.
# 1926 All-Eastern football team

The 1926 All-Eastern football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1926 college football season.
The 1926 Penn Quakers football team compiled a 7–1–1 record and led all other teams with three players named by at least one selector to the first team.
Three players received first-team honors on the All-Eastern team and were also consensus first-team picks on the 1926 All-America college football team: end Vic Hanson of Syracuse; tackle Frank Wickhorst of Navy; and guard Harry Connaughton of Georgetown.
Four of the players who received All-Eastern honors in 1926 were later inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame: Hanson of Syracuse; Wickhorst of Navy; tackle Bud Sprague of Army; and guard Herbert Sturhahn of Yale.

## All-Eastern selections
### Quarterbacks

* Roy Randall, Brown (AP-1, BDE-1, TJ-1, BT-2)
* Jack Connor, NYU (BT-1, TJ-3)
* Edwin B. Dooley, Dartmouth (AP-2)
* Dan Caulkins, Princeton (TJ-2)
* Philip W. Bunnell, Yale (BT-3)

### Halfbacks

* Harry Wilson, Army (AP-2, BDE-1, BT-1, TJ-1)
* Charles Rodgers, Penn (AP-1, BDE-1, BT-2)
* Frank Kirkleski, Lafayette (AP-1, TJ-1 [fb])
* George B. Wilson, Lafayette (BDE-1, BT-1)
* Tom Hamilton, Navy (TJ-1, BT-2)
* Jacob Slagle, Princeton (AP-2)
* Mischel, Brown (TJ-2)
* Nick Borelli, Muhlenberg (BT-3)
* Earl Graham, Fordham (TJ-3)
* Bridges, Princeton (TJ-3)

### Fullbacks

* Bill Amos, Washington & Jefferson (AP-1, BT-1, TJ-2)
* Shaughnessy, Colgate (AP-2, BT-3)
* Bill Donohoe, Carnegie Tech (BT-3, TJ-2)
* Ken Strong, NYU (BT-2)
* Robert MacPhail, Dartmouth (TJ-3)

### Ends

* Vic Hanson, Syracuse (AP-1, BDE-1, BT-1, TJ-1)
* Hal Broda, Brown (AP-1, BDE-1, BT-1, TJ-1)
* Born, Army (AP-2, TJ-3)
* Frank Grube, Lafayette (BT-3, TJ-2)
* Cal Hubbard, Geneva (AP-2)
* Tom Leary, Fordham (BT-2)
* George Thayer, Penn (BT-2)
* Lloyd, Navy (TJ-2)
* Ralph Furey, Columbia (BT-3)
* Thurston Towle, Brown (TJ-3)

### Tackles

* Frank Wickhorst, Navy (AP-1, BDE-1, BT-1, TJ-1)
* Bud Sprague, Army (AP-1, BDE-1, BT-3)
* Lloyd Yoder, Carnegie Tech (TJ-1, BT-3)
* Al Lassman, NYU (AP-2, BT-2, TJ-1)
* Eddy, Navy (BT-1)
* Harold Cothran, Lafayette (AP-2, TJ-2)
* Edwin Kevorkian, Brown (BT-2)
* Richards, Yale (TJ-3)
* Paul Hodge, Brown (TJ-3)

### Guards

* Harry Connaughton, Georgetown (AP-1, BDE-1, BT-1, TJ-1)
* Herbert Sturhahn, Yale (AP-2, BDE-1, TJ-1, BT-2)
* Emerson Carey, Cornell (AP-1, BT-2, TJ-2)
* Ernest Schmidt, Army (AP-2, BT-1, TJ-3)
* Orland F. Smith, Brown (TJ-2)
* Baldwin, Princeton (BT-3)
* Pauley, Washington & Jefferson (BT-3)
* John Davis, Princeton (TJ-3)

### Centers

* John Butler, Penn (AP-1, BDE-1, TJ-1, BT-2)
* Maurice Daly, Army (BT-1)
* Josh Davis, Dartmouth (AP-2, BT-3)
* Bartel, Princeton (TJ-2)
* Look, Yale (TJ-3)

## Key

* AP = Associated Press
* BDE = Brooklyn Daily Eagle
* BT = The Brooklyn Daily Times
* TJ = Tad Jones, head coach of Yale
# Herbert Hervey, 5th Marquess of Bristol

Herbert Arthur Robert Hervey, 5th Marquess of Bristol (10 October 1870 – 5 April 1960), styled Lord Herbert Hervey from 1907 to 1951, was a British peer and diplomat.

## Early life

The 5th Marquess was born on 10 October 1870 at the family home of Ickworth House near Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. He was the fifth son of Lord Augustus Hervey (1837–1875), MP for West Suffolk, and Mariana, née Hodnett (died 30 January 1920). Lord Augustus was the younger brother of the 3rd Marquess of Bristol, and the younger son of the 2nd Marquess of Bristol. He was educated at Clifton College.

## Diplomatic career

In 1892 Hervey joined H.M. Diplomatic Service, becoming Consul in Chile in 1892 for three years. He was consul at Guatemala from early 1903. For a year he served as chargé d'affaires at Montevideo and Guatemala, and was Consul in Abyssinia from 1907 to 1909. He was listed as a commercial attaché in 1913, and was elevated to the status of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia in 1919–1923 and Peru and Ecuador in 1923–1928, retiring in 1929.
He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun by the Peruvian government and succeeded his brother Frederick, 4th Marquess of Bristol, in the marquessate in October 1951.

## Marriages

Lord Hervey married twice:
* 19 October 1914 (divorced 1933), Lady Jean Cochrane (d. 5 January 1955), daughter of the 12th Earl of Dundonald, and had one son, Victor, who succeeded him in his titles.
* 15 December 1952, Dora Frances Emblin (died 27 March 1953), only daughter of George Marshall, and widow of Don Pedro de Zulueta.
# Eugene Higgins

Eugene Higgins (1860 – 1948) was the rich heir to a carpet-making business, known as a bon vivant, sportsman, and philanthropist. A bachelor when he died in 1948, his estate went to establish the Higgins Trust, at that time, the eleventh largest of its kind in the USA.

## Background

Eugene Higgins was born on January 14, 1860, in New York City. His parents were Elias Smith Higgins (1815–1889), a carpet manufacturer who made a fortune with "labor-saving devices," and Emma Louise Baldwin (1827–1890). In 1882, he graduated from Columbia University, where he was a classmate of future Columbia president Nicholas Murray Butler.

## Career

Higgins never worked for a living, though he did maintain a private office at 50 Union Square East. In 1908, his steam yacht the Varuna wrecked off the Madeira Islands; he received a medal for saving the lives of several guests aboard.
A sportsman, Higgins won the 1890 American fencing championship and was a proficient golfer, hunter, fisherman, and yachtsman. He maintained a townhouse on Fifth Avenue in New York City and a country house in Morristown, New Jersey.
In 1910, he ran into trouble with customs officials. In 1932, the United States Supreme Court ruled that Higgins was "not entitled to deduct for Federal income purposes the expenses of managing his securities in 1932 and 1933."

## Personal life and death

Higgins was reputedly the "wealthiest bachelor in New York," ahead of George Washington Vanderbilt II, Mehmet Ali (brother of the Khedive of Egypt), Frank W. Riggs, and members of the Goelet family. He never married.
Higgins died at age 88 on July 29, 1948, in Torquay, United Kingdom. He bequeathed $10,000 each to his brother-in-law Henry Mortimer Brooks (for his nephew, Reginald Brooks) and two nieces, "merely as a token of affection... knowing that they are all well and amply provided for."

## Higgins Estate

In 1949, The United States Trust Company issued more than $18 million of "outstanding tax-exempt bonds" owned by Higgins' estate. In 1952, his personal secretary asked for $150,000 in recognition of his extra duties as chess and yachting expert. In 1953, the Higgins Estate was valued at more than $40 million ($457 million in 2023 dollars).

## Higgins Trust

The Eugene Higgins Scientific Trust (aka "Higgins Trust"), also known as the Eugene Higgins Science Fund, was founded upon his death.

### Eugene Higgins Scientific Trust

In 1948, the trust donated $40 million to Columbia, Harvard, and Princeton. In 1949, the trust gave another $600,000 to each of these universities for advanced scientific studies. In 1951, the trust donated another $1 million, shared equally, to Columbia, Harvard, and Princeton universities.
The funds from this trust endowed chairs at Columbia, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale universities.
Notable people holding a Eugene Higgins Professorship include:
* Thomas Appelquist
* Peter Cresswell
* Steven M. Girvin (formerly)
* Karsten Heeger
* Michal Lipson
* Elizabeth L. Paluck
* Jason Petta

### Eugene Higgins Charitable Trust

In 1976, Eugene Higgins Charitable Trust was founded, now based in Providence, Rhode Island.
# Zygomatic arch

In anatomy, the zygomatic arch (colloquially known as the cheek bone), is a part of the skull formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture (the zygomaticotemporal suture); the tendon of the temporal muscle passes medial to (i.e. through the middle of) the arch, to gain insertion into the coronoid process of the mandible (jawbone).
The jugal point is the point at the anterior (towards face) end of the upper border of the zygomatic arch where the masseteric and maxillary edges meet at an angle, and where it meets the process of the zygomatic bone.
The arch is typical of Synapsida ("fused arch"), a clade of amniotes that includes mammals and their extinct relatives, such as Moschops and Dimetrodon.
While the terms zygomatic arch and cheekbone are often used interchangeably, the arch is a specific anatomical structure within the cheekbone (zygomatic bone).

## Structure

The zygomatic process of the temporal arises by two roots:
* an anterior, directed inward in front of the mandibular fossa, where it expands to form the articular tubercle.
* a posterior, which runs backward above the external acoustic meatus and is continuous with the supramastoid crest.
The upper border of the arch gives attachment to the temporal fascia; the lower border and medial surface give origin to the masseter.

## Society and culture

High cheekbones are pronounced zygomatic arches, causing the upper part of the cheeks to jut out and form a line cut into the sides of the face. High cheekbones, forming a symmetrical face shape, are very common in fashion models and may be considered a beauty trait in both males and females within Eurocentric beauty standards.

## Etymology

The term zygomatic derives from the Greek ζύγωμα zygōma, meaning "bolt, bar", derived from ζυγο-, "yoke, join". The Greek word was already used with this anatomical sense by Galen (2.437, 746) in the 2nd century AD. The zygomatic arch is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term usually refers to the zygomatic bone or occasionally the zygomatic process.

## Other animals

The zygomatic arch is significant in evolutionary biology, as it is part of the structures derived from the ancestral single temporal fenestra of the synapsid ancestor of mammals.

## Additional images

* Left temporal bone, outer surface
* Left zygomatic bone, malar surface
* Base of skull, inferior surface
* The temporalis; the zygomatic arch and masseter have been removed.
* Dissection, showing salivary glands of right side
* Fracture of the zygomatic arch as seen on plain X-ray
* Zygomatic arch, base of skull
# Icelandic diaspora

The Icelandic diaspora refers to both historical and present emigration from Iceland. The countries with the largest number of people of Icelandic descent are Canada, the United States, and Norway.

## Famous people of Icelandic descent

* David Arnason, a Canadian author and poet.
* Linda Bennett, an English-Icelandic clothing designer and entrepreneur.
* Björk, an Icelandic singer, living in the United States
* Helgi Daníelsson, a football player from Iceland, who currently plays for Swedish club AIK.
* Henry Einarson, a politician in Manitoba, Canada.
* Magnus Eliason, a founding member of the Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation.
* Frank Fredrickson, a Canadian ice hockey centre.
* Sturla Gunnarsson, a Canadian film director.
* Hafliði Hallgrímsson, an Icelandic composer, currently living in Edinburgh.
* Gunnar Hansen, an Icelandic-born actor and author best known for playing Leatherface in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974).
* Hera Hjartardóttir, a singer-songwriter from Iceland who now lives in Christchurch, New Zealand.
* Bill Holm, was an American poet, essayist, memoirist, and musician.
* Jón Sveinbjørn Jónsson, a Norwegian poet, children's writer and translator, born in Iceland.
* k.d. lang, a Canadian pop and country singer-songwriter and occasional actress.
* Laufey, an Icelandic-Chinese singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist currently living in Los Angeles.
* Guy Maddin, a Canadian screenwriter, director, cinematographer and film editor of both features and short films.
* Magnus Magnusson, a television presenter, journalist, translator and writer.
* Jón Ólafsson, was an Icelandic editor, journalist, and poet.
* Peter Phelps, an Australian actor, singer and writer.
* John K. Samson, a singer-songwriter and the frontman of the Canadian folk punk band The Weakerthans.
* Peter Steele, was the lead singer, bassist, and composer for the gothic metal band Type O Negative.
* Vilhjalmur Stefansson, a Canadian Arctic explorer and ethnologist.
* Stephan G. Stephansson, was a Western Icelander, poet, and farmer.
* William Stephenson, a Canadian soldier, airman, businessman, inventor and spymaster.
* Chester Thordarson, was an Icelandic-American inventor who eventually held nearly a hundred patents.
* Emilíana Torrini, an Icelandic-born singer currently living in London.
* Bjarni Tryggvason, an Icelandic-born Canadian engineer and a former NRC/CSA astronaut.

## Destinations
### Europe

* Scandinavian migration to Britain
* Icelanders in Sweden [sv]

### North America

* Icelandic Americans
* Icelandic Canadians

### Oceania

* Icelandic Australians
* Nordic New Zealanders
# Manuel Battistini

Manuel Battistini (born 22 July 1994) is a Sammarinese footballer who currently plays for Virtus as a midfielder.
He has been capped by the San Marino national football team making his international debut on 11 October 2013, in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Moldova when he came in for Maicol Berretti.

## Personal life

Battistini works as a house painter while also playing football.
# Nilabati Saha

Nilabati Saha is an Indian politician. She was elected to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Sainthia as a member of the Trinamool Congress.
# Olaplex

Olaplex is a hair care brand founded in 2014 by Dean Christal. The product was developed by two chemists, Eric Presley and Craig Hawker, and is advertised to rebuild broken bonds in hair caused by chemical, thermal, and mechanical damage.

## History

Olaplex was founded in 2014 by Dean Christal. In 2019, Olaplex was acquired by Advent International.
On 30 September 2021, Olaplex was listed on the Nasdaq, raising 1.5 billion dollars after selling 73.7 million shares.
JuE Wong was the CEO from 2020 until 2023. In October 2023, Olaplex announced that Amanda Baldwin, former CEO of Supergoop, would be taking over in 2024 as CEO of Olaplex. John Bilbrey, executive chair on the board, will serve as interim CEO until 2024.

## Ingredients

All Olaplex products contain a patented ingredient called bis-aminopropyl diglycol dimaleate, with the aim of rebuilding broken hair disulfide bonds.

## Lawsuits

In 2015, as Olaplex started to take off, it started talks with L'Oréal about a potential take over. The deal never went through, but Olaplex then sued L'Oréal for stealing trade secrets shared as part of the acquisition process. L'Oréal was found guilty in 2019, but the appeal was overturned, and the two companies finally settled their differences outside of court.
In February 2023, 28 women filed a lawsuit against Olaplex claiming that the products led to damaged hair and hair loss. Part of the lawsuit stated that even after Olaplex reformulated their product to no longer include Lilial (a chemical that is potentially toxic for reproduction), they kept old product on the shelves and continued to sell it. Olaplex published results from third-party testing to show the products are safe. As of May 2023, no trial date had been set. By June 2023, a proposed class action lawsuit had over 100 plaintiffs. U.S. District Judge R. Gary Klausner ruled that the claims were too different for it to be a class action lawsuit and the first-named plaintiff dismissed her case without prejudice.
The 2023 lawsuits had a very negative impact on Olaplex' endorsements from the hairstylists' community, its sales, and the value of its share price (-89% by the end of 2023), a dramatic aftershock that had not been anticipated.
# Britain's Real Monarch

Britain's Real Monarch is a historical documentary presented by Tony Robinson first shown on Channel 4 on 3 January 2004. It has also been broadcast in Australia and in the United States. The documentary discusses the descendants of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and their claim to the throne of England.

## Thesis

The programme based its thesis on the centuries-old claim that Edward IV was illegitimate, born to Cecily, Duchess of York, by an English archer (surnamed Blaybourne by some) while her husband, Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, was fighting elsewhere in France. The legitimacy of Edward IV was the subject of speculation at the time, and a document in Rouen Cathedral is presented by Dr Michael Jones as indicating that Richard and Cecily were about 100 miles (160 km) apart during the five-week period when Edward's conception must have occurred (assuming that the pregnancy went to a normal term). A number of historians have since challenged the conclusions reached by the programme.
If Edward were indeed illegitimate, then he and his descendants would have had no valid claim to the throne, so the programme suggests that the 'real' monarchs were the heirs of his legitimate brother George, Duke of Clarence. At the time, this line was represented by The 14th Earl of Loudoun (who usually styled himself simply as Michael Hastings), who had emigrated to Australia in 1960, married, fathered five children, and lived in Jerilderie, New South Wales, until his death in June 2012.
# Patrick McGarry

Patrick McGarry (1863 – 23 December 1930) was an Irish-born Australian politician.
He was born in Killalbely in County Meath to farmer Bernard McGarry and Mary Loughlin. In Ireland, where he worked as an alluvial miner, he was active in the Land League. Around 1885 he went to the United States, working in Boston for four years during which he was active in the Knights of Labor. In 1890 his arrival in New South Wales coincided with the maritime strike, which he assisted. He tried his luck on the Gundagai goldfields and spent time in the northern sugar district before returning to settle in Sydney around 1900. On 17 January 1900 he married Mary Myres, with whom he had three children. In 1904 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Murrumbidgee. A supporter of military conscription, he left the party in the 1916 split and won re-election in 1917 as a Nationalist. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, he was denied preselection for the new multi-member Murrumbidgee and was defeated as an independent Nationalist. He is believed to have made some money as a land dealer after his defeat, but he died impoverished in Hunters Hill in 1930.
# Turn This Club Around (album)

Turn This Club Around is the third studio album from German Dance-Band R.I.O. It was first released on 2 December 2011 in Germany. The album peaked at No. 29 on the Swiss Albums Chart.

## Track listing

The album Turn This Club Around by R.I.O. features a collection of tracks primarily produced and written by the German dance music duo, consisting of Manuel Reuter (also known as DJ Manian) and Yann Peifer (known as Yanou). They are the principal songwriters and producers for the majority of the tracks on this album. Additionally, Tony T. (Neal Antone Dyer) contributed as a vocalist and co-writer on several songs. Collaborations with artists like U-Jean and Liz Kay also involved their contributions to the songwriting process.

## Charts

| Chart (2011–12) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 28 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 66 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 29 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| Germany | 2 December 2011 | CD single, digital download | Kontor Records |
# Cowley Tigers

The Cowley Tigers are the sport teams of Cowley College located in Arkansas City, Kansas, United States. They participate in the National Junior College Athletic Association and in the Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference. The Cowley Tigers baseball team won two consecutive NJCAA World Series Championships in 1997 and 1998. The Cowley College volleyball team won the NJCAA DII National Championship in 2011, 2013, and 2023.

## Facilities

Cowley College has six athletics facilities (5 stadiums, 1 training facility).
* Hafner Training Center – training facility for all sports
* Ed Hargrove Field – home of the Lady Tigers softball team
* JC Louderback Tennis Center – home of the Tigers tennis teams
* Mark A. Phillips Track and Field Complex – home of the Tigers soccer and track & field teams
* Tiger Ball Park – home of the Tigers baseball team
* William S. Scott Auditorium – home of the Tigers men's and women's basketball and women's volleyball teams

## Notable persons

* Tyrus McGee (born 1991), basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League
# Veldskoen

Veldskoene ("FELT-skoona") or colloquially vellies ("FELL-ys") are South African walking shoes made from vegetable-tanned leather or soft rawhide uppers attached to a leather footbed and rubber sole by a method known as stitchdown construction, done without tacks or nails.

## History

The name comes from Afrikaans vel ("skin"), later assimilated with veldt ("field"), and skoene ("shoes"). Their design is believed to be based on the traditional Khoisan footwear. The footwear was later embedded into the South African farming community when Velskoene were used as the footwear of choice. Easy to make, lightweight and extremely tough, Vellies became part of South African, Zimbabwean (previously Rhodesian) and Namibian and African culture.
Nathan Clark's shoe company, C&J Clark, made the desert boot famous, modeled after the same round toe and style of Veldskoene. Clark was inspired by the shape and design of Veldskoene he discovered for sale in the bazars of Cairo, which were imported to Egypt from South Africa. At first desert boots were for the youths. In England, the mods wore them, in Paris, it was the art students and in America the beatniks stomped around in them. Pretty soon high fashion began taking notes from these counter-culture kids, reappropriating Clarks for fashion shoots in magazines, and runway shows.
They are sometimes considered light boots, and can essentially be considered a subset of chukka boots or desert boots although vellies tend to have a lower topline. Veldskoene soles are sometimes cut from old car tyres rather than crepe rubber; the leather used varies with local supply. In Namibia, kudu and seal leather is commonly used.
Wupperthal shoe factory, 1836, founded by Johann Leipoldt, provided work for many skilled craftsmen. The Wupperthal handsewn veldskoen (traditional soft suede shoes) were for nearly a century famous across South Africa for their comfort and good craftsmanship.
# Piute Formation

The Piute Formation is a geologic formation in Nevada. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.