OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Palawan drongo

The Palawan drongo (Dicrurus palawanensis) is an Asian bird of the family Dicruridae. It was formerly considered conspecific with the hair-crested drongo. It is endemic to Palawan. It was formerly conspecific with the Hair-crested drongo but was designated as unique based on its different sounding call, physical differences and through molecular studies.

## Description and taxonomy

Ebird describes it as "A large, stocky drongo endemic to Palawan. Note highly iridescent wings and shiny speckles on the breast and neck, as well as the shallowly forked tail and large, curved bill. Ashy Drongo has a somewhat similar shape, but is paler and more slender overall, lacks prominent iridescence, and has red eyes. Like many other drongos, often selects conspicuous perches in forest and forest edge. Strong, varied song often includes high-pitched whistles and warbles, as well as hoots and grating notes."
It was formerly conspecific with the Hair-crested drongo species complex which has now been split into 7 different subspecies. Molecular studies have shown that among these, it's most similar to the other Philippine drongos - the Short-tailed drongo and the Balicassiao

### Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized:
* D. p.palawanensis — Found on Palawan, Busuanga, Culion, Balabac Island and Cagayancillo
* D. p. cuyensis — Found on Semirara Island and Cuyo ; Glossier and slightlu larger than nominate

## Behaviour and ecology

Not much is known about its diet but it is presumed to be the typical drongo diet of nectar and insects.
It is also presumed to have similar habits to the Hair-crested drongo which lays 3-4 eggs.

## Habitat and conservation status

Its habitat is primary lowland forest, second growth and thick scrub up to 1,500 meters above sea level.
It is assessed as least-concern species under the International Union for Conservation of Nature with the population decreasing. Palawan's forests are under threat due to illegal logging, deforestation, land conversion and mining. The whole of Palawan was designated as a Biosphere Reserve; however, protection and enforcement of laws has been difficult and these threats still continue. It occurs in just one protected area in the Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm.
# Senator (Atlantic City hotel)

The Senator was an oceanside hotel located at 166 S. South Carolina Avenue in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Opened in 1930 as the Hotel Ludy, it became The Senator in 1935. The 16-story structure featured a distinctive rooftop sign "Sky Cabana". In 1967 it became an elder care residence. It was sold in 1997 and demolished in 1998.
The hotel was designed in the Romanesque Revival style and opened in 1930 as the Hotel Ludy. Vintage postcards of the era boasted of a "Solarium - Modern, colorful, with three outdoor Ocean Decks overlooking Boardwalk, Beach and Ocean" and an "atmosphere of quiet cordiality". In 1935 the hotel was combined with the adjacent Hotel Iroquois and renamed "The Senator."
In the summer of 1942, The Senator was leased by the U.S. Army for use as Army Air Force Basic Training Center No. 7.
The Senator's heyday was following the end of World War II, when it became known for its "Sun and Stars" roof that featured tanning by sunlamps by day and converted to dining in the evening. At that time sunlamps were seen as promoting a "healthy-looking summer tan". A 1948 image shows a matron in a white medical uniform tending to the Senator's sun bathers. In 1955 the hotel became the home of radio station WLDB 1490AM with its studios located on the hotel's eleventh floor. (The call letters WLDB are currently assigned to an FM band station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.)
The Senator declined along with the fortunes of Atlantic City, and by 1965 the hotel had closed. In 1967 it became an elder care center and operated as The Senator Rest Home, ICS Care Facility Retirement Home, and finally the King David Care Center. In 1997 the facility became bankrupt. The residents were relocated and the former Senator closed for good. It was sold for a casino expansion and demolished in 1998 after some of its terra cotta work was removed by an architectural salvage company.
# Chinstrap

Chinstrap may refer to:
* Chinstrap, a strap fixed to a helmet or other headgear which passes beneath the chin and holds the headgear in place
* Chinstrap penguin, a species of penguin with markings resembling a chinstrap
* Chinstrap beard, a type of facial hair that resembles a chinstrap
* Colonel Chinstrap, a fictional persona of English comic actor Jack Train
# Horacio Echevarrieta

Horacio Echevarrieta Maruri (15 September 1870 – 20 May 1963) was a Spanish businessman, banker, industrialist, patron of the arts, politician and diplomatic mediator. In 1927, he founded Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S. A. Operadora, now known as Iberia.

## Biography

Born in Bilbao, the son of a mine owner, Cosme Echevarrieta, he expanded his father's activities and set up businesses in many fields, such as the merchant marine, shipbuilding and real estate. He was one of the shareholders of The Niágara Spanish Aerocar Co., Limited, which inaugurated the Spanish Aerocar at Niagara Falls, Ontario in 1916.
A diputado for the Radical Republicano from 1914 to 1917, in 1916 he bought the liberal paper El Liberal.
After being placed under house arrest for his involvement in the 1917 general strike, he stepped down from his post of president of the Chamber of Commerce, gave up his seat in parliament, which was taken over by his political and business ally, Indalecio Prieto, as well as from the leadership of the republicanism that he had inherited from his father.
Following Spain's catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Annual in 1921, when 10,000–12,000 Spanish troops died, he acted as a mediator between the Spanish government and Abd el-Krim in freeing the 300 Spanish soldiers captured, for which, as a Republican, he is said to have turned down King Alfonso XIII's offer of a title.
At his Malaga estate, he played host to visitors like King Alfonso XIII, General Miguel Primo de Rivera and the German naval officer and spymaster Wilhelm Canaris, head of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service (from 1935 to 1944).

## Echevarrieta y Larrinaga shipyard

He had extensive dealings with Canaris and in 1925 signed a lucrative contract with Walter Lohmann to supply the German Reichsmarine with German-designed torpedoes and had also built a U-Boat for testing and training. As Echevarrieta became bankrupt, Lohmann supplied the monies for the contract from German Naval Command.
The German–designed prototype of the Type IA submarine, was built under the designation of submarino E-1. To recoup the costs of building the submarine, German Naval Command sold it to Turkey, which designated it as Gür.
Following the catastrophic Cádiz Explosion on 18 August 1947, which also completely destroyed Echevarrieta's adjoining shipyard, the company, the largest single employer in the city, employing 2,500 workers, was basically without work until it was nationalised in 1952, although it wouldn't be until 1956 that steady work would again be available there.
# Théa Rojzman

Théa Rojzman (born 1974) is a French comics artist, illustrator, painter and writer.

## Biography

Théa Rojzman studied in philosophy and social therapy alongside her life as an artist. She presented her work in a number of exhibitions and illustrated collections. She combined her two principle passions, writing and painting, in contemporary comics. Between 2007 and 2010, she published three comic strips, one of which, La Réconciliation, she co-wrote with her father, Charles Rojzman.
In 2016 Rojzman was awarded a special mention in the Artémisia Award, for Mourir (ça n'existe pas). The work draws on Rojzman's training in therapy, exploring childhood loss and anxieties.
Her book Émilie voit quelqu'un, with designer Anne Rouquette, was voted the top comic of 2015 by readers of the magazine Les Inrockuptibles.
# Bembidion constricticolle

Bembidion constricticolle is a species of beetles in the family Carabidae. It is found in Alberta, Canada and the United States.
# Astro Ria

Astro Ria is a 24-hour Southeast Asia Bahasa Melayu Malaysia television channel exclusive to the Astro satellite television provider. It was one of the first 22 channels to be launched on Astro in 1996. Astro Ria offers a variety of shows including news, local and Indonesian dramas, movies, reality shows, sports, talk shows, cartoons, concerts, sitcoms, documentaries, cooking shows, quizzes, entertainment and more.

## History

Channel changes were made from 1 October 2007, after Astro introduced a 3-digit channel. The channel is under the Astro Family package with other Malay channels like Astro Prima, Astro Oasis and channel Indonesian and Bahasa Malaysia, Astro Aruna.
In 2003, Astro Ria launched a show based from Mexican TV series La Academia, called Akademi Fantasia. The contest pits 12 singers in a bid to become the winner. The show became so popular in Malaysia and Brunei that spin-off versions were made in Indonesia and Thailand. A second season was made, which enabled Brunei viewers to vote as well. In its third season, 14 contestants instead of the original 12 were competing for the competition and the winner, Mawi became an instant music celebrity. A fourth season started in May 2006.
Astro Ria also hosts various prestigious annual events in the entertainment world such as the Era Awards broadcast, the Malaysian Film Festival, the Space Series Awards and also aired UMNO General Assembly live from the Putra World Trade Center (PWTC).
In May 2002, Astro Ria launched Bloomberg RIA News, which was essentially the Malay-language version of Bloomberg Malaysia. The news was aired at 10:45 pm on weekdays. Its first anchor was Amir Mahmood Razak, who eventually also presented for the English version. The show was produced by Amy Mahadi.
Bloomberg TV and Astro's co-operation was dissolved in 2004, and the news programming became known as Berita Astro. Berita Astro ceased production at the end of January 2007 and later launched a new news division, in which Astro Awani was launched in September 2007. Its main news program Awani 7:45 was also simulcasted on this channel every day at 7:45 pm MST. Singtel TV is currently broadcasting this channel on Channel 608 as Singtel TV has been using the 3-digit since the launch of FOX International Channels through Singtel TV.

## Logo history

* Astro Ria HD logo (29 May 2015 - 19 November 2024)
* Astro Ria logo used since 20 November 2024
# 49th Scripps National Spelling Bee

The 49th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C. at the Mayflower Hotel on June 9–10, 1976, sponsored by the E.W. Scripps Company.
The winner was 13-year-old Tim Kneale of Nedrow, New York, winning on the word "narcolepsy" in the 21st round. Second place went to 13-year-old Rachel Wachtel of Wooster, Ohio, who missed "yarborough". Both missed "emmetropia" and "chorography" in prior rounds before "yarborough" was used. Third place was captured by 13-year-old William Mulhern of Marysville, Kansas, who fell on "balletomane".
The correct words spelled by Kneale also included: fatigue, conceit, opalescent, carafe, egalitarian, supernumerary, persiflage, literati, aphotic, bellipotent, physiolatry, demulcent, hagiology, and sauerbraten.
A record 87 contestants participated this year, up from 79 in 1975 and 80 in 1974. There were 49 girls and 38 boys ranging in age from 10 to 14. There were two repeat spellers, both from the prior year, the smallest number since 1970. Sixty were eliminated in the first day of competition. 525 total words were used this year.
John Paola, who finished 22nd, would go on to win the next year.
# European Finance Association

The European Finance Association (EFA) is a professional association of more than 2,500 professionals and financial economists involved in the high-level research, study, teaching, and practice of finance.
The EFA organises an annual meeting in August as well as doctoral events including an intensive and competitive tutorial designed for PhD students and publishes a journal, the Review of Finance.

## History

The association was founded in 1974 and hosts an annual meeting in August. The 40th annual meeting of the EFA was held in Cambridge, UK in 2013. In 2021, the 48th annual meeting was chaired by EFA President Professor Elena Carletti and was organised by Bocconi University in Milan, Italy in August 2021.
The 49th annual meeting was organised by IESE Business School in Barcelona, Spain, in August 2022 and chaired by EFA Vice President Professor Xavier Vives. The 50th annual meeting was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in 2023 chaired by Professor Albert J. Mankveld at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The 51st annual meeting was held in Bratislava, Slovakia by the National Bank of Slovakia in 2024.

## Services

EFA also organises doctoral events including an intensive and competitive tutorial designed for PhD students in Finance who are nearing the end of their doctoral thesis and will soon be on the job market.
The flagship journal of the European Finance Association is the Review of Finance. As of 2023 the managing editor of the Review of Finance is Alex Edmans. The peer-reviewed journal is published by Oxford University Press. There are two prizes awarded for papers published in Review of Finance: the Spängler IQAM Prize and the Pagano and Zechner Prize which are presented at the EFA Annual Meeting.

## Structure

The European Finance Association (EFA) is an international non-profit organization (INPO / AISBL / IVZW) registered in Belgium at the following address: European Finance Association, Rue Fossé aux Loups, 38, 1000 Brussels, Belgium with Company Number RPM/RPR 0864.639.588.
# Bicolor cactus snail

The bicolor cactus snail (Xerarionta tryoni) is a species of land snail in the family Helminthoglyptidae. This species is endemic to the United States.
# Ahmed Al-Merjabi

Ahmed Mohamed Al-Merjabi (born 9 September 1990 in Ibra, Oman) is an Omani runner. He was scheduled to compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 400 m event but injured his foot in training and did not start the race.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Oman ||||||
| 2009 | Arab Championships | Damascus, Syria | 7th | 200 m | 21.75 |
| 2009 | Arab Championships | Damascus, Syria | 3rd | 4 × 100 m relay | 40.37 |
| 2011 | Asian Championships | Kobe, Japan | 1st (h) | 400 m | 46.06$^1$ |
| 2011 | Asian Championships | Kobe, Japan | 5th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:09.28 |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 31st (h) | 400 m | 47.99 |
| 2011 | Arab Championships | Al Ain, United Arab Emirates | 2nd | 400 m | 46.74 |
| 2011 | Arab Championships | Al Ain, United Arab Emirates | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:08.82 |
| 2011 | Pan Arab Games | Doha, Qatar | 2nd | 400 m | 45.84 |
| 2011 | Pan Arab Games | Doha, Qatar | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:08.54 |
| 2013 | Arab Championships | Doha, Qatar | 4th | 400 m | 46.27 |
| 2013 | Arab Championships | Doha, Qatar | 1st | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.83 |
| 2014 | Asian Indoor Championships | Hangzhou, China | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:13.49 |
| 2014 | Asian Games | Incheon, South Korea | 24th (h) | 400 m | 48.88 |
| 2014 | Asian Games | Incheon, South Korea | 6th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:07.71 |
| 2015 | Asian Championships | Wuhan, China | 6th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:05.94 |
| 2015 | Military World Games | Mungyeong, South Korea | 7th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:10.24 |
$^1$Disqualified in the final
# Roman Pelts

Roman Shlemovich Pelts (August 11, 1937 – October 10, 2022) was a Ukrainian-Canadian chess master.

## Biography

Pelts was born in Odessa on August 11, 1937. In 1959, Pelts founded a chess school in Odessa. Seven of his early students became grandmasters: Lev Alburt, Sam Palatnik, Vladimir Tukmakov, Valeri Beim, Konstantin Lerner, Leonid Yurtaev, and Boris Kantsler. He was the official trainer for the 1971 USSR student team that included Anatoly Karpov and Alexander Beliavsky.
At the beginning of his career, he took 15th at Minsk 1962 (Anatoly Bannik won), and played board one on the Soviet national team that won the 1964 Students' World Championship at Kraków, Poland.
Pelts came to Canada in 1978. After moving to Montreal, he established the first Canadian chess school in 1979. He later settled in Toronto and continued his school there. Pelts played for Canada in three Chess Olympiads: at Lucerne 1982 and Thessaloniki 1984 and 1988.
In 1981 Pelts earned the title of FIDE Master. He was inducted into the Canadian Chess Hall of Fame in 2001.
Pelts died in Toronto on October 10, 2022, at the age of 85.

## Publications

* (in English) Roman Pelts & Lev Alburt, Comprehensive Chess Course - Volume I, 126 pages
* (in English) Roman Pelts & Lev Alburt, Comprehensive Chess Course - Volume II, 304 pages
* (in French) Roman Pelts & Lev Alburt, Cours complet d'échecs, Éditions Fédération québécoise des échecs (https://fqechecs.qc.ca/), Montréal, 1989, ISBN 2-9801168-2-3 (translation of the above 2 titles)
# Head of the River Historic District

The Head of the River Historic District is a historic district encompassing a village area at the head of navigation of the Acushnet River, which separates Acushnet and New Bedford, Massachusetts. The village is centered at the junction of Tarkiln Hill Road, River Road, and Mill Road in New Bedford, and Main Street in Acushnet. The area went through two significant periods of development: the first was in the late 18th and early 19th century, and the second was in the early 20th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

## Description and history

The Head of the River Historic District is centered on the Acushnet River's head of navigation, a short way north of its mouth into New Bedford Harbor. The river is spanned by a bridge whose oldest portion is a stone-arch span that predates 1850, and was widened with steel spans in 1959. The bridge carries Main Street in Acushnet on the east side, and becomes Tarkiln Hill Road on the west side. The border between Acushnet and New Bedford comes up the river from the south, follows the bridge west, and then runs north on Mill Road, just west of the river. The oldest buildings of the district are clustered close to the bridge, while later development extends eastward along Main Street in Acushnet. The district contains only a few buildings in New Bedford on Tarkiln Hill Road and Mill Road, with most of the remaining properties in Acushnet fronting those roads and Main Street.
Head of the River was one of the principal points of early development by colonial settlers in what is now Acushnet, and saw its first significant period of growth after the American Revolutionary War. Acushnet was originally part of Dartmouth, then New Bedford and Fairhaven, before incorporating in 1860. The oldest surviving buildings in Head of the River date to the 1780s, including the 1-1/2 story Swift House (10 Mill Road) and the Dillingham House (19 Main Street) as examples of this early period. The building at 17 Tarkiln Hill Road, built c. 1800, is a rare commercial building from this period. The finest house from the period is the c. 1817 Hawes House at 17 Main Street. There are also several Greek Revival houses, but development languished in the area until the 20th century, when the Queen Anne house at 28 Main Street was built (c. 1900), along with a number of Craftsman and Dutch Colonial houses between then and about 1935.
# Obertruppführer

Obertruppführer (, "senior troop leader") was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party that was used between the years of 1932 and 1945. The rank is most closely associated with the Sturmabteilung (SA), but also was an early rank of the Schutzstaffel (SS) in that group's formative years.
Translated as “Senior Troop Leader”, Obertruppführer traces its origins to the rank of Truppführer which was a title used by Stormtrooper Companies (Shock Troops) during the First World War. As an SA rank, Obertruppführer was created in 1932 due to the SA's expansion and growing membership. The rank of Obertruppführer was junior to Haupttruppführer and typically served as a senior non-commissioned officer rank equivalent to a Platoon Sergeant in other military organizations.
As an SS rank, Obertruppführer was used by the SS between the years of 1932 and 1934. An SS-Obertruppführer carried similar duties to their SA counterparts and the rank was also used in the very early days of the SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT).
Obertruppführer was abolished as an SS rank after the Night of the Long Knives (1934), when the rank was renamed as SS-Hauptscharführer. Obertruppführer survived as a rank of the SA until the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945. The insignia for Obertruppführer consisted of two button pips and a silver stripe centered on a collar patch.

## Insignia

* NSFK
* NSKK
* OT
* RAD
* RBL
* SA
# 50th Scripps National Spelling Bee

The 50th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D.C. at the Mayflower Hotel on June 8–9, 1977 sponsored by the E.W. Scripps Company.

## Background

The competition was won by 13-year-old eighth-grader John Paola of Glenshaw, Pennsylvania, correctly spelling "cambist" (a dealer in foreign bills of exchange). Paola had finished 22nd in the prior year's bee, where he missed svengali.
Second place went to 14-year-old Joan O'Leary of Yonkers, New York, who fell on sesquipedalian. Both O'Leary and Paola had missed "futtock" and "yizkor" before "sesquipedalian" came up. Third-place was captured by Joseph Fumic of North Olmsted, Ohio, who misspelled "triage". Fourth place went to Roxanne Taylor of Forest Hills, New York, who misspelled "mecometer".
Frank Neuhauser (then 63), winner of the 1st Bee, was in the audience at the finals.
This year's competition had 94 spellers (another record), with 57 girls and 36 boys. After seven rounds in the first day of competition, the field was reduced to 26, 17 girls and 9 boys.
A taped version of the finals appeared on television on PBS this year (last previously done in the 1974 bee).
# Urinal deodorizer block

Urinal deodorizer blocks (commonly known as urinal cakes, urinal cookies, urinal biscuits (or jocularly piscuits), urinal donuts, toilet lollies, trough lollies, urinal pucks, toilet pucks, or urinal peons (alternately urinal pee-ons)) are small disinfectant blocks or tablets that are added to urinals. As these products originally contained para-dichlorobenzene (pDCB) they may also be called para blocks. Besides disinfecting, the purpose of these materials is to deodorize restroom urinals. They are placed above the urinal drain, often in the confines of a small plastic device called a urinal screen that prevents loss down the drain when they dissolve down to a small size.

## Chemistry

The chemicals composing the block vary. The original formulations were based upon naphthalene and then later para-dichlorobenzene, both now known to be hazardous to health by inhalation. In some areas, the use of para-dichlorobenzene-based blocks has been banned; in other areas para-dichlorobenzene blocks or "para blocks" are still used. Para-dichlorobenzene- and naphthalene-based blocks do not readily dissolve in water/urine, but easily sublime into the air, creating a sickly-sweet odor that has anti-microbial effects.
Many urinal blocks are now para-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene free; these water-soluble alternative blocks are made from a mixture of fragrances and surfactants (normally quaternary ammonium compounds), which offer some active cleaning and antibacterial efficacy. The new water-soluble blocks improve the cleaning of the pipes which helps to reduce odor. Some recent formulations also include bacterial spores which, coupled with the surfactant cleaning power, can more completely get rid of odors and blockages caused by the buildup of solids in the traps and pipes. Some manufacturers claim that these "biological blocks" can enable completely no-flush waterless urinals to be fitted.
Some urinal blocks also have enzymes added to help digest buildup within pipes.
Autoflush and/or ice are sometimes used as alternatives.