OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of years in Colorado

This is a list of the individual Colorado year pages. In 1876, the United States admitted the Colorado Territory as the 38th U.S. state, establishing the State of Colorado.

## 19th century
### 1870s

    1876
    1877
    1878
    1879

### 1880s

    1880
    1881
    1882
    1883
    1884
    1885
    1886
    1887
    1888
    1889

### 1890s

    1890
    1891
    1892
    1893
    1894
    1895
    1896
    1897
    1898
    1899

## 20th century
### 1900s

    1900
    1901
    1902
    1903
    1904
    1905
    1906
    1907
    1908
    1909

### 1910s

    1910
    1911
    1912
    1913
    1914
    1915
    1916
    1917
    1918
    1919

### 1920s

    1920
    1921
    1922
    1923
    1924
    1925
    1926
    1927
    1928
    1929

### 1930s

    1930
    1931
    1932
    1933
    1934
    1935
    1936
    1937
    1938
    1939

### 1940s

    1940
    1941
    1942
    1943
    1944
    1945
    1946
    1947
    1948
    1949

### 1950s

    1950
    1951
    1952
    1953
    1954
    1955
    1956
    1957
    1958
    1959

### 1960s

    1960
    1961
    1962
    1963
    1964
    1965
    1966
    1967
    1968
    1969

### 1970s

    1970
    1971
    1972
    1973
    1974
    1975
    1976
    1977
    1978
    1979

### 1980s

    1980
    1981
    1982
    1983
    1984
    1985
    1986
    1987
    1988
    1989

### 1990s

    1990
    1991
    1992
    1993
    1994
    1995
    1996
    1997
    1998
    1999

## 21st century
### 2000s

    2000
    2001
    2002
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009

### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025
    2026
    2027
    2028
    2029
# Livio Stuffer

Livio Stuffer (born 4 August 1935) is an Italian cross-country skier. He competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics, the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1968 Winter Olympics.
# Lancaster railway station (1840–1849)

The first Lancaster railway station was the northern terminus of the Lancaster and Preston Junction Railway, located in the Greaves area of the city of Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It was open from 1840 to 1849, by which time it had been superseded by Lancaster Castle railway station. Some books refer to the station as "Lancaster (Greaves)" or "Lancaster (Penny Street)" to distinguish it from later stations in the city, although whilst open it was known simply as "Lancaster" as there was no other station of that name at the same time.

## History

Lancaster station opened on 26 June 1840, along with the Lancaster and Preston Junction Railway (L&PJR) between Preston and Lancaster. The building, which also served as the railway company's headquarters, was designed by Edwin Gwyther of Birmingham. It was located near the modern-day junction between South Road and Ashton Road, just south of the Lancaster Canal and the southern end of Penny Street.
The Lancaster and Carlisle Railway (L&CR) opened its own Lancaster Castle railway station on 22 September 1846. Its line joined the L&PJR line a short distance south of Lancaster. On 1 August 1849, the L&CR leased the L&PJR line, on which date Lancaster station was closed to passengers.
Most of the spur line leading towards the station continued to be used to access a goods station until the mid-20th century. The station building survives today as a nurses' home for the Royal Lancaster Infirmary, and is a Grade II listed building.
A section of the platform still remains visible today, the track bed is now a car park for the hospital.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Terminus | Lancaster and Preston Junction Railway | Galgate |
# Ochnaflavone

Ochnaflavone, a secondary plant secondary metabolite of the Biflavonoid family, has been widely investigated in past decades due to its unique ability to mediate biological activities, such as inhibition of phospholipase A2 and lymphocyte proliferation. It was first isolated from Ochna squarrosa Linn, a member of Ochnaceae family, in 1973.

## Synthesis

The first total synthesis of ochnaflavone derivatives was achieved by Kawano group in 1973, followed by the Heerden group for the first time reporting the total synthesis the ochnaflavone by constructing a diaryl ether intermediate and assemble the two flavone nuclei through ring cyclization. To date, the field of biochemistry of biflavonoids is still wide open. Little is known about Ochnaflavone of its natural occurrence and biosynthesis.

## Activity

Although Ochnaflavone has not been fully studied in the past decades, its protective role in plants and human body already attract scientists’ much attention, such as anti-atherogenic activity and anti-inflammatory activity.
Anti-atherogenic activity: Atherogenesis refers to the formation of atheromas on arteries’ walls. It is believed that atherogenesis may be caused by an infection of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Find molecules that possess anti-proliferation activity of vascular smooth muscle cells seems a good strategy to treat Atherogenesis. In 2006, a research group from Korea found Ochnaflavone could inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a-induced human vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation. It was achieved by the ability of Ochnaflavone to regulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cell cycle.
Anti-inflammatory activity: Inflammation is a biological response to certain harmful stimuli. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is important in many inflammatory processes as it catalyses the release of arachidonic acid, which could generate lipid mediators of inflammation. Ochnaflavone is found to inhibit PLA2 by directly binding this enzyme irreversibly.
# Tremor (disambiguation)

A tremor is an involuntary rhythmic shaking of one or more body parts.
Tremor may also refer to:
* Earthquake, a sudden shaking of the Earth
* Episodic tremor and slip, a non-earthquake seismic rumbling

## Film and television

* Tremors (franchise), a series of monster films and a TV series
** Tremors (1990 film), the first film in the series
** Tremors (TV series), a 2003 series based on the films
* Tremors (2019 film), or Temblores, a 2019 film by Jayro Bustamante
* Tremor (film), a 1961 South African film
* "Tremors" (Arrow), an episode of Arrow
* "Tremors" (Supergirl), an episode of Supergirl

## Games

* Tremors: The Game, canceled video game based on the movies
* Tremors (roller coaster), a roller coaster located at Silverwood Theme Park
* Tremor (character), a character in the comic series Spawn
* Tremor (DC Comics), a series of fictional villains sharing the same codename from DC Comics
* Tremor (Mortal Kombat), a Mortal Kombat character, in the Mortal Kombat series

## Other

* Tremor (software), the integer-only Vorbis audio decoding library
* "Tremor" (song), a 2014 song by Martin Garrix and Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike
* Tremors (album), an album by Sohn
* Tremors, an album by Great Northern
* Tremor (Cole novel), a novel by Teju Cole
* Tremor (Graham novel), a 1995 novel by Winston Graham
# Madhugiri

Madhugiri is a city in Tumkur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The city derives its name from a hillock, Madhu-giri (honey-hill) which lies to its south. Madhugiri is one of the 34 educational districts of the Karnataka state.

## Geography

Madhugiri is located at 13°40′N 77°13′E﻿ / ﻿13.66°N 77.21°E﻿ / 13.66; 77.21. It has an average elevation of 787 metres (2582 feet).
Madhugiri Fort lies in Madhugiri which is in the Tumkur district in the State of Karnataka. Madhu-giri is a single hill and the second largest monolith in entire Asia. The city is at a distance of 110 kilometres (68 mi) from Bengaluru and is famous for its fort and temples. Many tourists go to Madhugiri to visit the fort, which is famous for its architecture. The fort, perched atop the steep slope of a hill, was built by the Vijayanagar Dynasty.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Madhugiri had a population of 29,215. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Madhugiri has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 67%. In Madhugiri, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

### Notable People born here

* M. S. Ramaiah - Philanthropist, Educationist and Industrialist (b. 1922 ; d. 1997)
* Arjun Sarja - Film actor working mainly in Kannada & Tamil films (b. 1962)
* Doddarangegowda an Indian poet and lyricist working in Kannada cinema.[2]

## Tourism

Plastic pollution is a significant concern in the fort area.
# International Bolshevik Tendency

The International Bolshevik Tendency is an international Trotskyist organisation.

## History

The International Bolshevik Tendency was originally known as the External Tendency (ET) and was formed in 1982 by former members of the International Spartacist Tendency (iSt) (now known as the International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)).
While identifying the International Spartacists Tendency, from the 1960s until the late 1970s, as the only grouping with a consistency revolutionary programme, members of the External Tendency alleged a 'process of political degeneration' in the late 70s and early 80s. A claim disputed by the International Spartacist Tendency (iSt) and subsequently, the International Communist League (ICL).
While the External Tendency had engaged in polemical exchanges with leaders of the iSt by 1985 the External Tendency characterised the Spartacist League's break from its revolutionary past as "qualitatively complete".
In 1991, the North American-based Bolshevik Tendency fused with the Permanent Revolution Group (PRG) of New Zealand at a joint conference in Oakland, California. This unified tendency then joined forces in August with members of the former Gruppe IV. Internationale based in West Berlin. These mergers resulted in the organisation renaming itself the International Bolshevik Tendency.
In October 2018 a number of members of the International Bolshevik Tendency left the organisation. Those leaving formed a separate organisations called the Bolshevik Tendency and Bolshevik Group (South Korea), identifying political alignment with the organisation before its fusion with the Permanent Revolution Group (PRG). The departing members cited disagreements regarding Russia and Imperialism, chiefly whether Russia could be considered Imperialist, with the departing members viewing Russia as non-Imperialist in character. It argued that this disagreement and others regarding the character of Islamist regimes in Egypt, Turkey and Iran signified a growing divergence in political analysis between itself and the International Bolshevik Tendency. The International Bolshevik Tendency stated that it does not consider these differences sufficient grounds for a separate organisation, and has called on former members to rejoin.

## Publications

The group began publishing its journal '1917' as the Bolshevik Tendency, in the winter of 1986. The journal name taking inspiration from 'year one of the proletarian revolution'.
The British section of the International Bolshevik Tendency began publishing the 'Marxist Bulletin' in 1997, while operating as a faction within the Socialist Labour Party (UK). It published the last issue in May 2000.
# 7,8,3'-Trihydroxyflavone

7,8,3′-Trihydroxyflavone (7,8,3'-THF) is a flavone and small-molecule agonist of TrkB, the main receptor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that was derived from tropoflavin (7,8-DHF). Relative to tropoflavin, 7,8,3'-THF is 2–3-fold more potent in vitro as a TrkB agonist. 7,3'-Dihydroxyflavone (7,3'-DHF) is also more potent than tropoflavin in vitro, indicating that a 3'-hydroxy group on the B-ring enhances TrkB agonistic activity. 7,8,3'-THF has been tested in vivo and was found to produce TrkB-dependent neuroprotective effects in mice similarly to tropoflavin.
# Acacia penninervis

Acacia penninervis, commonly known as mountain hickory wattle, or blackwood, is a perennial shrub or tree is an Acacia belonging to subgenus Phyllodineae, that is native to eastern Australia.

## Description

The shrub or tree typically grows to a height of 2 to 8 m (6 ft 7 in to 26 ft 3 in) and has an erect to spreading habit. It has finely or deeply fissured bark that is usually a dark grey colour. The glabrous branchlets are more or less terete and occasionally covered in a fine white powdery coating. Like most species of Acacia, it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The glabrous and evergreen phyllodes have a narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic shape and are straight to slightly curved with a length of 5 to 15 cm (2.0 to 5.9 in) and a width of 7 to 40 mm (0.28 to 1.57 in) with a prominent midvein and marginal veins and are finely penniveined. The plant blooms throughout the year producing pale yellow flowers.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1825 as part of the work Leguminosae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. It was reclassified as Racosperma penninerve by Leslie Pedley in 1986 then transferred back to genus Acacia in 2006. Other synonyms include; Acacia impressa, Acacia penninervis var. impressa and Acacia impressa var. impressa.

### Varieties

* Acacia penninervis var. longiracemosa
* Acacia penninervis var. penninervis

## Distribution

It occurs in the Australian states of the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, and as an introduced species on New Zealand's North Island and South Island. The variety A. p. var. penninervis occurs in the same Australian states. The variety A. p. var. longiracemosa occurs in coastal districts of southern Queensland and northern New South Wales.

## Uses

The 1889 book The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that common names included "Hickory" and "Blackwood" and that "The bark (and, according to some, the leaves) of this tree was formerly used by the aboriginals [sic.] of southern New South Wales for catching fish. They would throw them into a waterhole when the fish would rise to the top and be easily caught. Neither the leaves nor bark contain strictly poisonous substances, but, like the other species of Acacia, they would be deleterious, owing to their astringency."
Its uses include environmental management. The tannin content of the bark is approximately 18%.
# Acacia fimbriata

Acacia fimbriata, commonly known as the fringed wattle, Brisbane golden wattle, or just the Brisbane wattle, is a species of Acacia that is native to much of the east coast of Australia. It is one of the floral emblems of the city of Brisbane, Queensland.

## Description

Acacia fimbriata, commonly known as the fringed wattle, Brisbane golden wattle, or just the Brisbane wattle, is a shrub or small tree that has an erect or spreading habit and typically grows to a height of 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) and a width of around 6 m (20 ft). It has angled or flattened branchlets and linear phyllodes with a narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate shape, which are straight or very slightly curved. The phyllodes are 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) in length and 2 to 7 mm (0.08 to 0.3 in) wide.
It blooms between July and November producing inflorescences in groups of 8 to 25 located in axillary racemes. The spherical flower heads have a diameter of 3 to 5 mm (0.12 to 0.20 in) and contain 10 to 20 bright yellow or sometimes pale yellow flowers. The glabrous, firmly paper seed pods that form after flowering are flat and straight to slightly curved with straight sides. The pods have a length of 3 to 9.5 cm (1.2 to 3.7 in) and a width of 5 to 8.5 mm (0.20 to 0.33 in). The slightly shiny black seeds are arranged longitudinally in the pods. The seeds have an oblong-elliptical shape and are 4 to 5 mm (0.16 to 0.20 in) in length with a clavate aril.

## Taxonomy

Acacia fimbriata was first formally described by the botanist George Don in 1832 in his book A General History of Dichlamydeous Plants from an unpublished manuscript by Allan Cunningham. The type specimen was collected by Cunningham in 1828 from along the Brisbane River.

## Distribution

The shrub is commonly situated in coastal areas and the adjacent tablelands in New South Wales and Queensland. In New South Wales it is found from Nerriga in the south to Inverell in the west to north of the Queensland border as far as Yeppoon and the Carnarvon National Park. It is often located along rocky streams as a part of Eucalyptus woodland communities growing in rocky and sandy soils or along the fringes of rainforest in more northern areas.

## Cultivation

The plant is available for cultivation in seed form. It can be gown as a hedge or screening plant but does require adequate water. It is quite hardy, can be planted in a tropical environment and is frost tolerant.

## Emblem

In October 2023, the flower was added to the city of Brisbane's floral emblems.

## Gallery

* A. fimbriata foliage and flowers
* A. fimbriata foliage and flowers
* A. fimbriata inflorescence, 7th Brigade Park, Chermside, Queensland.
* A. fimbriata
* Inflorescences
* Immature pods
* Mature pod.
* Mature pod and seeds.
# Submission (Alton Towers)

Submission was a theme park ride at Alton Towers in Staffordshire, England from 2001 until 2013. It was a Chance Rides double swinging inverter.

## History

Submission opened in 2001 in the X-Sector area of Alton Towers. The slogan used in the advertisement was 'Hang in there'. For a few years until its closure, the ride only operated one of its arms due to diminishing popularity and maintenance issues. It was announced that the ride would not be returning in February 2014 as part of the park's long-term development plan ahead of the beginning of the season.

## Description

Submission was painted blue and was covered in a shiny metal. Each of its two arms had a counterweight in the shape of two metal spikes, which would sweep near to the ground like a scythe. The sequence was always the same, different from some other weight-based rides that have numerous sequences. The ride type itself is a flat ride.
Breakdowns occasionally happened and, as a result, queues were very short.

## Ride experience

Submission was a simple ride, featuring a central tower with two gondolas attached to rotating arms on each side. Each gondola contained 6 rows of 4. When the ride started, the gondola was lifted 90 degrees back and forth, slightly tilting forwards and backwards and gradually rotated in a full circle with the gondola spinning the opposite way to the arm, making the riders go upside down.
As the arm would move in one direction, the gondola would tilt in the other way. Because of the double sided seating which saw riders sitting back-to-back, when one arm moved one way, there would be one set of riders tilted vertically, pointing to the ground, not dissimilar from Oblivion. When the gondola reached its highest point, it was turned upside-down.
# Mairéad Farrell (politician)

Mairéad Farrell (born 5 January 1990) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Galway West constituency since the 2020 general election.

## Early life and education

Mairéad Farrell is from the Mervue area in Galway City. Her father, Niall, is an anti-war activist and her aunt, also called Mairéad Farrell, was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army who became one of the Gibraltar Three (three PIRA members killed by the British SAS in Gibraltar).
Farrell holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and History from NUI Galway and a Master of Science in Finance from Queen's University Belfast.

## Political career

Farrell sat on Sinn Féin's National Youth Committee for five years. She represented the Galway City East local electoral area on Galway City Council from 2014 to 2019. She became a TD for Galway West in February 2020 at that year's General Election. She is Sinn Féin's Spokesperson on Public Expenditure and Reform. She appeared on the Irish Times list of top 50 young people to watch in 2021 as well as one of 10 TDs making a name for themselves since the 2020 election in the Irish Examiner.
Farrell is a regular contributor to Irish and international media and has written for the Irish Times, the Irish Examiner and international publications such as CounterPunch.
In June 2023 Farrell was scheduled to appear alongside Clare Daly, Mick Wallace, Catherine Connolly, George Galloway and academic Karen Devine in a neutrality forum hosted by the organisation Galway Alliance Against War, which describes itself as a group in Galway for those who are "opposed to war and military imperialism", prior to the event's cancellation. Farrell said she would be discussing her party's position at the event.
On 22 October 2024 Farrell was appointed chair of the Dáil's Public Accounts Committee, after Brian Stanley's resignation from Sinn Féin.
# Helmuth Schmalzl

Helmuth Schmalzl (born 8 October 1948) is an Italian former alpine skier who competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics.
# Karl Scott

Karl Scott (born May 2, 1985) is an American football coach for the Seattle Seahawks. He previously coached at the collegiate level at Alabama and Texas Tech.

## Coaching career
### Early coaching career

Scott's coaching career began at Delta State as a graduate assistant in 2007. He then went on to work four years at Tusculum College serving as the team's recruiting coordinator, defensive backs coach and linebackers coach. He then went on to coach at Southeastern Louisiana for three years, coaching the linebackers for the first two years and then serving as the defensive coordinator in 2014. In 2015 Scott coached the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs safeties under head coach Skip Holtz. For the next two years he oversaw the entire Red Raider secondary.

### Alabama

Scott spent three years coaching at the University of Alabama under Nick Saban and defensive coordinator Pete Golding whom he had previously worked with at Southeastern and at Tusculum. Originally he was coaching both positions in the defensive backfield, but for the final two years of his tenure at Alabama he was only coaching corners. In 2020 he was a part of the Alabama undefeated national championship team.

### Minnesota Vikings

For the 2021 season, the Minnesota Vikings replaced defensive backs coach Daronte Jones with Scott.

### Seattle Seahawks

On February 8, 2022, Scott has been hired by the Seattle Seahawks as the main Secondary Coach and Passing Game Coordinator. He was retained by new head coach Mike Macdonald when former head coach Pete Carroll stepped down.

## Personal life

Scott and his wife Taron have 2 daughters, Kina Bailey and Kari Mae.
# Frank Brooman

Frank Brooman (29 March 1904 – 23 February 1979) was an English boxer who competed in the 1930 British Empire Games.
At the 1930 Empire Games, he won the bronze medal in the welterweight class.