OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kile Oak Tree

The Kile Oak Tree is a
bur oak tree that is a landmark in the historic district of Irvington in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Kile Oak Tree is preserved by the Irvington Historical Society and Irvington Historical Landmarks Foundation. The Kile Oak Tree is assumed to be "somewhere between 300 and 500 years old" and is one of the oldest trees in the city of Indianapolis.

## History and preservation

The Kile Oak Tree does not have a date recorded for when it was planted. It's been estimated by Arborists that the Kile Oak Tree has been growing since before America was established.
The oak tree is named after Rev. Oliver Kile, who lived at 5939 Beechwood Avenue and died in 1924. After his death, his daughter, Mae Kile, campaigned to protect the tree for decades while living in the house her father built next to it. In her campaign to protect the tree, Mae invited guests to the property and kept a guestbook for the Oak Tree, where visitors would record their names when visiting the site of the tree. Within the guestbook there are signatures from international guests from China and India. This guestbook was created in 1928 and is now kept by the Irvington Historical Society. Mae fought to protect the Kile Oak Tree until her death. In 1973, after her death, the property was purchased by the Irvington Historical Society.
Fencing was added around the tree by Keep Indianapolis Beautiful in the Project 180/IPL Revive a Neighborhood 2001 projects.
The site of the Kile Oak Tree is currently maintained by volunteers.
In September 2024, the Kile Oak Tree sustained damage from storms caused by Hurricane Helene and was temporarily closed off due to safety concerns. After damaged branches were removed, the gates were opened back up.

## Honors and awards

The Kile Oak Tree has been honored with two plaques. In 1973, the tree received a plaque in recognition from the Indiana Arborist Association. Then in 1976, the tree received a plaque as "Bicentennial Tree of the Year" in joint recognition from the International Society of Arboriculture and the National Arborist Association for having "lived here during the American Revolutionary Period."
# Brijendra Singh (politician, born 13 May 1972)

Brijendra Singh (born 13 May 1972) is an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament from Hisar parliamentary constituency. He is a member of the Indian National Congress. He is a former Indian Administrative Service officer of the Haryana cadre from the batch of 1998.

## Political Career

Singh contested the 2019 Indian General Election from Hisar as a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) candidate and was elected to the 17th Lok Sabha. He secured 51.1% of the vote share and won by a margin of 3,14,068 votes.
As a Member of Parliament, he was a Member of the Public Accounts Committee (India), Standing Committee on Defence (India), Consultative Committee, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Committee on Rules, Committee on Petitions, the Joint Committee on the Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2021, and the Joint Committee on the Multi-State Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Bill.
He resigned from the primary membership of the BJP on 10 March 2024 citing 'compelling political reasons' and joined the Congress party. He contested the 2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election from Uchana Kalan constituency, and lost by a margin of 32 votes.

## Education

Singh was educated at Modern School, Barakhamba Road. He completed his BA (Honours) History from St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1992. He went on to pursue MA in Modern History from Jawaharlal Nehru University. He also holds an MSc in Public Policy and Management from King's College London.

## Personal Life

Singh's native village is Dumerkha Kalan near Uchana in Jind district, Haryana. He is from the Jat community. He is the son of former Union Steel Minister Birender Singh. Singh's mother Premlata Singh was a Member of the Legislative Assembly in Haryana representing Uchana Kalan constituency, which was previously held by his father.
He married Jasmeet Sial in 1999. They have two children.

## Administrative Career

Singh held All India Rank 9 in the Civil Services Examination in the batch of 1998. He took voluntary retirement from the Indian Administrative Service after serving in Haryana for 21 years.
During his career, he served as the Deputy Commissioner of Faridabad and Chandigarh. Before retiring from service, his last posting was Managing Director of Haryana State Co-operative Supply and Marketing Federation Limited (HAFED), the apex co-operative federation in Haryana.
# 1914 in Russia

Events from the year 1914 in Russia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Nicholas II
* Chairman of the Council of Ministers – Vladimir Kokovtsov (until 12 February), Ivan Goremykin (starting 12 February)

## Events

* 8 April–9 May - St. Petersburg 1914 chess tournament
* 10 May - opening of Yevpatoria tram [ru]
* 29 June - world's first high-speed long-range flight of a heavy aircraft Ilya Muromets started, on the route Saint Petersburg - Orsha - Kopys - Kiev - Saint Petersburg
* 8 July - Government suppression of striking oil workers in Baku triggers a short but intensive wave of strikes in St Petersburg, lasting almost a week.
* 28 July - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. World War I begins
* 29 July - In connection with the difficult international situation, Russia begins mobilization in the areas bordering Austria-Hungary. General mobilization is announced the next day. Emperor Nicholas II of Russia sent a telegram to Germany's Wilhelm II with a proposal to "transfer the Austria/Serbia question to the Hague Conference." Wilhelm did not reply to this telegram.
* 30 July - Prince Georgy Lvov creates the All-Russian Zemstvo Union for the Relief of Sick and Wounded Soldiers.
* 1 August - German Empire declares war on Russia
* 6 August - Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
* 10 August - Austria-Hungary invades Russia
* 17 August - The Battle of Tannenberg ends
* 18 August - St Petersburg is renamed Petrograd
* 26–30 August - Battle of Tannenberg: German victory
* 29 August - Abschwangen massacre
* 31 August - Emperor Nicholas II renamed St. Petersburg to Petrograd as a response to the rise of anti-German sentiment.
* 1 September - The Battle of the Masurian Lakes ends
* 3 September - the Southern Russian Army captured Lemberg, the capital of Galacia
* 9 September - Allied forces halt German advance into France during First Battle of the Marne.
* 22 October - The five Bolshevik deputies in the Duma are arrested. They are put on trial in February 1915 and all are sentenced to exile in Siberia.
* 1 November - Russia declares war on Ottoman Turkey
* 25 December - Battle of Ardahan begins

## Births

* March 16 – Arkady Chernyshev, Russian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1992)
* 15 June - Yuri Andropov, General Secretary of the CPSU (1982–84), Chairman of the KGB (1967–82)
* 23 August - Lev Ozerov, translator
* August 28 – Paul, Finnish Orthodox archbishop (d. 1988)
* 2 October - Yuri Levitan, radio announcer

## Deaths

* January 3 – Nadezhda Rykalova, actress (born 1824)
* 8 September - Pyotr Nesterov, pilot and aircraft designer
# Utah Valley Hospital

Utah Valley Hospital (UVH) is a 395-bed full-service tertiary and acute care referral center serving Utah County, central and southern Utah that is part of the Intermountain Healthcare system. It is a Level II Trauma Center. From 1984 to 2016, the facility was called Utah Valley Regional Medical Center (UVRMC).

## History

Originally founded in 1939 as Utah Valley Hospital, UVH was equipped with 55 bed and 38 physicians. By 1953 through request of the board of directors, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints assumed ownership of Utah Valley Hospital. Utah Valley Hospital became the first fully staffed 24-hour emergency center south of Salt Lake City by 1970.
In 1975, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints donated its network of hospitals, including UVH, to a new independent nonprofit entity, Intermountain Health Care, which has operated the hospitals ever since.
By 1984, the name of the hospital was officially changed to Utah Valley Regional Medical Center (UVRMC). The name change reflected growth of the facility and services, making it one of Utah's largest major referral centers, serving all of central and southern Utah and its surrounding areas.
In 2014 the hospital celebrated its 75th anniversary, and a major hospital replacement project is announced to eventually replace the East Tower and provide the latest technology and medical services to the community which would be set to start in 2015. The construction and replacement project included a 12-story patient tower on the southwest corner of campus, and a nine-story medical office building on the east side of campus. The expansion was partly funded by grants from Gail Miller, then owner of the Utah Jazz, and businessman Todd Pedersen, founder of Vivint.
By 2016, the facility's name was officially changed back to Utah Valley Hospital. It also opened the Utah Valley Hospital Primary Children's Network campus to offer pediatric care for patients and their families, closer to home for some than the main Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City.
Offered programs include the Utah Valley Heart Center, the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Cancer Services. Other services include Emergency and Trauma Services, Critical Care, Women's and Children's Services, Behavioral Health and the Utah Valley Rehabilitation Center. The hospital's Cancer Center treats more than 20 forms of cancer. Life Flight has one of its air ambulance helicopters stationed at UVRMC.
# Vandamm House

The Vandamm House is a setting in the Hitchcock movie North by Northwest. Its modern architecture was inspired by the real house Fallingwater designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. In the movie, the Vandamm House is located near Mount Rushmore, but only existed as a set constructed in an MGM studio in Culver City by Robert F. Boyle, with distant exterior shots made using a matte painting.
# Hijri Dede

Mahmud ibn Ali ibn Naziri known by his pen name Hijri and his title Dede/Dade (1881 - 11 December 1952) was an Iraqi Turkmen poet and writer. Born in Kirkuk and grew up into a Kakaie family and taught by them. He started working as teacher in his hometown and in Baghdad. In 1927, he was assigned to manage Jaridat al Karkuk, after which he was appointed health inspector in the municipality department in 1928. He died in his hometown. He wrote primarily in Turkish, but also wrote in Persian and Kurdish. He has worked in translation and history writing as well. The poet was usually quite secretive about his religious beliefs and practices: when asked by outsiders, he would often claim to be Orthodox Sunni or, sometimes, Twelver Shi'a. According to some sources, Hijri Dede died in 1952.
# Grit Slaby

Grit Slaby (born 18 May 1965) is a German swimmer. She competed in the women's 400 metre individual medley at the 1980 Summer Olympics for East Germany.
# Hélder Godinho

Hélder Manuel Teles Godinho (born 8 September 1977) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

Born in Covilhã, Godinho played in the lower leagues of Portuguese football until the age of 27, when he signed for C.D. Feirense of the second division in the 2004 off-season. During three of the five seasons with the club, he was first-choice.
For 2009–10, Godinho joined Primeira Liga side U.D. Leiria, but was only a backup during his spell, appearing in just eight official matches. He returned to division two in the following campaign, signing with C.D. Aves.
Godinho spent the 2011–12 season with FC Brașov in Romania, playing second-fiddle to compatriot Mário Felgueiras and being released in June 2012.
# Wills Neck

Wills Neck is the highest summit on the Quantock Hills and one of the highest points in Somerset, England. Although only 1261 ft (384 m) high, it qualifies as one of England's Marilyns. It is situated about 8 miles (13 km) north west of the historic market town of Taunton.
The name 'Wills Neck' is derived from the Saxon word for 'stranger' or 'foreigner'. It relates to a local tribe the Wealas which according to legend fought the Romans at the site.
On a clear day it is possible to see Dartmoor, Exmoor, the Brecon Beacons, the Mendips and Blackdown Hills. It is sometimes even possible to see Pilsdon Pen, the second highest point in Dorset, the highest, Lewesdon Hill, is also visible.
The hill is formed from Hangman Grits laid down during the Devonian a geologic period of the Paleozoic Era spanning from the end of the Silurian Period, about 419.62 Mya (million years ago), to the beginning of the Carboniferous Period.
Wills Neck was surveyed by schoolboys from Clifton College from 1922 and 1945, led by teacher William Cornish Badcock. They built a cairn at the highest point which has now been replaced, on exactly the same spot, by a modern Trig point.
A beer brewed by the Quantock Brewery has been named Wills Neck after the hill.
# Rosenborg tram stop

Rosenborg, formerly Uranienborgveien is at tram stop on the Briskeby Line of the Oslo Tramway. It is located in Josefines gate, close to its street junction with Bogstadveien. It serves the neighborhoods Rosenborg [no], Hegdehaugen and Uranienborg in the West End of Oslo. The station is preceded and succeeded by Bogstadveien and Briskeby, respectively. The station used to be near the junction of Holtegata and Uranienborgveien streets, but it was moved towards Hegdehaugen and Rosenborg in 2009, after the line had been upgraded and reconstructed. In 2014, it was moved even further towards Rosenborg, and consequently renamed. In the same move, the former Rosenborg stop was replaced with the newly established Bogstadveien stop, situated further north, closer to Majorstuen.
# Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games

The archery competition at the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Yamuna Sports Complex between 4 and 10 October. This was the second games appearance of the optional Commonwealth Games sport, almost thirty years after its debut at the 1982 Commonwealth Games. Twenty-three nations entered archers into the tournament.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | England | 4 | 3 | 0 | 7 |
| 2 | India | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 |
| 3 | Australia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Canada | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 5 | Malaysia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | South Africa | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (6 entries) | Totals (6 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |

## Events

Archery at the Commonwealth Games is target archery, where competitors shoot arrows at outdoor targets at marked distances. Eight events are included: four each for women and men, with separate events for recurve and compound bows. The events are:

### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's recurve individual details | Rahul Banerjee India | Jason Lyon Canada | Jayanta Talukdar India |
| Men's recurve team details | Matthew Gray Mat Masonwells and Taylor Worth Australia | Muhammad Abdul Rahim Chu Cheng and Arif Ibrahim Putra Malaysia | Rahul Banerjee Tarundeep Rai and Jayanta Talukdar India |
| Men's compound individual details | Duncan Busby England | Christopher White England | Septimus Cilliers South Africa |
| Men's compound team details | Duncan Busby Liam Grimwood and Christopher White England | Ritul Chatterjee and Jignas Chittibomma Chinna Raju Srither India | Nico Benade Septimus Cilliers and Kobus de Wet South Africa |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Women's recurve individual details | Deepika Kumari India | Alison Williamson England | Dola Banerjee India |
| Women's recurve team details | Dola Banerjee Deepika Kumari and Bombayla Devi Laishram India | Naomi Folkard Amy Oliver and Alison Williamson England | Marie-Pier Beaudet Alana Macdougall and Kateri Vrakking Canada |
| Women's compound individual details | Nicky Hunt England | Doris Jones Canada | Cassie McCall Australia |
| Women's compound team details | Danielle Brown Nicky Hunt and Nichola Simpson England | Camille Bouffard-Demers Doris Jones and Ashley Wallace Canada | Bheigyabati Chanu Jhano Hansdah and Gagandeep Kaur India |

## Venues

* Yamuna Sports Complex

## Participating nations

* Australia (12)
* Bangladesh (6)
* Canada (12)
* Cyprus (8)
* England (12)
* India (12)
* Isle of Man (3)
* Jersey (2)
* Kenya (3)
* Malaysia (12)
* Mauritius (5)
* Namibia (3)
* New Zealand (6)
* Norfolk Island (5)
* Northern Ireland (6)
* Samoa (1)
* Scotland (10)
* Singapore (3)
* South Africa (4)
* Sri Lanka (4)
* Tonga (1)
* Trinidad and Tobago (3)
* Uganda (1)
* Wales (6)
# Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games – Women's compound team

The Women's compound team event took place on 7 October 2010 at the Yamuna Sports Complex.

## Teams

Eight teams participated in the competition:
| Seed | Country | Athletes |
| 1 | Canada | Camil Bouffard-Demers Doris Jones Ashley Wallace |
| 2 | England | Danielle Brown Nicky Hunt Nichola Simpson |
| 3 | Scotland | Claudine Jennings Susan Maitland Tracey McGowan |
| 4 | Australia | Rebecca Darby Fiona Hyde Cassie McCall |
| 5 | India | Bheigyabati Chanu Jhano Hansdah Gagandeep Kaur |
| 6 | Malaysia | Saritha Cham Nong Nor Ishak Fatin Mat Salleh |
| 7 | New Zealand | Stephanie Croskery Elizabeth Mitchell Amanda McGregor |
| 8 | Wales | Tracey Anderson Janette Howells Jeanette Howells |

## Results

| Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Canada | 223 | | |
| Wales | 222 | | |
| Wales | 222 | Canada | 224 |
| | | India | 217 |
| India | 227 | India | 217 |
| Australia | 220 | | | | |
| Australia | 220 | | | Canada | 228 |
| | | | | England | 232 |
| Scotland | 216 | | | England | 232 |
| Malaysia | 227 | | | | |
| Malaysia | 227 | Malaysia | 221 | | |
| | | England | 227 | Third place | Third place |
| New Zealand | 221 | England | 227 | Third place | Third place |
| England | 227 | | | | |
| England | 227 | | | India | 223 |
| | | | | Malaysia | 219 |
# Anurag Singh (filmmaker)

Anurag Singh is an Indian documentary filmmaker known for his socio-political, human rights oriented films. He has worked with mass peoples’ movements, including the Narmada Bachao Andolan, National Campaign for People's Right to Information, and Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan His most famous films are "Kaise Jeebo Re" (1997 – Narmada valley displacement), and "Right to Information" (1999 – Peoples’ demand for RTI, the landmark transparency legislation), which have been screened and won awards internationally.

## Biography

Born in 1968 in Varanasi, India, Anurag comes from a small tribal village in Madhya Pradesh. His father Shyam Bahadur Namra was a noted poet and social reformer who worked extensively on education and tribal rights. Anurag's local wisdom and understanding are reflected in the themes and treatment of his films. Involved in photography, cinematography and filmmaking since 1984, Anurag directed his first film 'Manibeli' in 1989, and has since made more than half a dozen films including 'Battle For Peace', 'Kaise Jeebo Re' (How Do I Survive, My Friend), and 'Main Nahi Manga' (We Do Not Ask!). Anurag has also worked with Center for Development of Instructional Technology (CENDIT), an organization that pioneered using of audiovisual technology to communicate sociopolitical issues in India. In 1992 Anurag set up his own film production company Jan Madhyam Productions & in 2004 Rough Cut Productions with Jharana Jhaveri.

## Filmography

* 1992: "Manibeli", a video on the police repression and people's struggle in the 1st village of Maharashtra State to be submerged by the controversial Sardar Sarovar Dam: Manibeli. 1992. 43 minutes. Hindi.
* 1992: "Battle for Peace", a video on the Burmese students in exile in India made with them. Aug 1992. 30 minutes. English
* 1997: "Kaise Jeebo Re! (How Do I Survive, My Friend)" A Documentary on the protest against the Narmada dam. 1997. 80 minutes. Hindi.
* 1999: "Main Nai Manga" {We Do Not Ask!} a spot on the Right to Information as a basic need. Screened at Expo 2000, Hanover, Germany. March 1999 3.5 minutes. English (Digital)
* 2000: "Right to Information". 33 minutes. English (subtitled)

## Awards

* "Right to Information" won Best Documentary, Transparency International, Prague, Czech Republic., and was 2nd in the Best Non-Fiction award at the 2000 Mumbai International Film Festival.
* "Kaise Jeebo Re! (How Do I Survive, My Friend)" won YIDFF in 1999 in Yamagata, Japan.

## Notable screenings

* "Kaise Jeebo Re! (How Do I Survive, My Friend)" was screened at the 1997 International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
# Sevakudu

Sevakudu (transl. Volunteer) is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language vigilante film directed by V. Samudra and starring Srikanth and Charmy Kaur. The film was dubbed in Tamil as Ini Oru Vidhi Seivom and released in 2014.

## Cast

* Srikanth as Surya
* Charmy Kaur
* Nassar as Ramachandrayya
* Pradeep Rawat as Balram Jadoo
* M. S. Narayana as Narayana
* Brahmanandam as Brahmi
* Ahuti Prasad
* Manjula Ghattamaneni as Manjula
* Chitti Babu
* Chalapathi Rao
* Vijayachander
* Hema
* Dasanna
* Jenny
* Sivaji Raja
* Tirupathi Prakash
* Srinivasa Reddy as Raju, Surya's friend
* Sangeetha
* Sattanna
* Krishna as Krishna Prasad (cameo appearance)

## Production

The film began production in 2010 with Srikanth and Vimala Raman in the lead roles; however, Raman was later replaced by Charmy Kaur. The film released in 2013 due to much delay. Manjula Ghattamaneni and Krishna were signed to portray guest roles.

## Soundtrack

Music by Srikanth Deva.
* "Adugadugo Sevakudu" - Nagur Babu
* "Magadheerullona Maharjathakudammo" - Karthik, Anuradha Sriram
* "Guddu Guddu" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
* "Aa Devudu Puttinchadu" - Harish Raghavendra, Chinmayi
* "Abbayi Andhra Mirchi" - Ranjith, Sravya

## Release and reception

The film was scheduled to be released in February 2012, but was delayed to January 2013. The Times of India gave the film a rating of one-and-a-half out of five stars and noted that " It's another vigilante movie that's very low on IQ and high on misplaced jingoism". News18 wrote that "Call it a passe or simply lazy filmmaking, but all that the Telugu film 'Sevakudu manages at the end is present you with a rehash of several Telugu films released over the year".
# CFD-DEM model

A CFD-DEM model is suitable for the modeling or simulation of fluid-solids or fluid-particles systems. In a typical CFD-DEM model, the phase motion of discrete solids or particles is obtained by the Discrete Element Method (DEM) which applies Newton's laws of motion to every particle and the flow of continuum fluid is described by the local averaged Navier–Stokes equations that can be solved by the traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The model is first proposed by Tsuji et al. The interactions between the fluid phase and solids phase is better modeled according to Newton's third law.

## Software

Open source and non-commercial software:
* The open source CFD software OpenFOAM includes particle methods, including DEM, and solvers that couple CFD-DEM.
* CFDEMcoupling (DCS Computing GmbH) couples CFD from OpenFOAM with open source DEM software, LIGGGHTS.
* MFiX(Open Source multiphase flow simulation package).
* The commercial software Simcenter STAR-CCM+ is an integrated multiphysics solution capable of CFD-DEM coupling involving single or multiphase flow, chemical reactions, electromagnetism and heat transfer

## Parallelization

OpenMP has been shown to be more efficient in performing coupled CFD-DEM calculations in parallel framework as compared to MPI by Amritkar et al.