OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eurobond (external bond)

A eurobond is an international bond that is denominated in a currency not native to the country where it is issued. They are also called external bonds. They are usually categorised according to the currency in which they are issued: eurodollar, euroyen, and so on. The name became somewhat misleading with the advent of the euro currency in 1999; eurobonds were created in the 1960s, before the euro existed, and thus the etymology is to "European bonds" rather than "bonds denominated in the Euro currency".
The eurobond market was traditionally centered in the City of London, with Luxembourg also being a primary listing center for these instruments. Eurobonds have since expanded and are traded throughout the world, with Singapore and Tokyo being notable markets as well. These bonds were originally created to escape regulation: by trading in US dollars in London, certain financial requirements of the US government unpopular with bankers could be evaded, and London was happy to welcome the business to grow their own finance sector. Since then, eurobonds have grown to be a more general way to perform financial operations in a currency while using the regulatory framework of a separate country.

## Terminology

Eurobonds are named after the currency they are denominated in. For example, Euroyen and Eurodollar bonds are denominated in Japanese yen and American dollars, respectively. Eurobonds were originally in bearer bond form, payable to the bearer and were also free of withholding tax. The bank paid the holder of the coupon the interest payment due.

## History

The first eurobonds were issued in 1963 by Italian motorway network Autostrade, which issued 60,000 bearer bonds at a value of US$250 each for a fifteen-year loan of US$15m, paying an annual coupon of 5.5%. The issue was arranged by London bankers S. G. Warburg. and listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. Allen & Overy, one of London's Magic Circle of law firms, were the lawyers on the transaction. Their conception was largely a reaction against the imposition of the Interest Equalization Tax in the United States. The goal of the tax was to reduce the US balance-of-payment deficit by reducing American demand for foreign securities. Americans could bypass the costly tax and Europeans could keep open access to US capital.

## Electronic form

Like other commonly traded securities, virtually all eurobonds now trade in dematerialized electronic book-entry form, rather than physical form. The bonds are held at central securities depositories (Euroclear Bank and Clearstream Banking SA being the most common). Coupons are paid electronically via the clearing systems to the holder of the eurobond (or their nominee account).
# Lento (Thalía song)

"Lento" (English: "Slow") is a song by Mexican singer Thalía and Cuban duo Gente de Zona, from Thalía's fourteenth studio album, Valiente. It was released by Sony Music Latin as the album's third single on September 27, 2018.

## Music video

The video for Lento was released on the same day as the song. It shows Thalía escaping the paparazzi and dancing at a beach party with Gente de Zona. The video was filmed in the beaches in Miami.

## Commercial Performance

The song peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Latin Digital Songs charts becoming Thalía's highest peak on that chart. The song also topped the Tropical Digital Song Sales chart in Billboard. The song entered charts in several countries in Latin America, Spain, the U.S., and Hungary.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2018–19) | Peak position |
| Bolivia (Monitor Latino) | 10 |
| Chile (Monitor Latino) | 18 |
| El Salvador (Monitor Latino) | 5 |
| Guatemala Pop (Monitor Latino) | 16 |
| Honduras Pop (Monitor Latino) | 5 |
| Hungary (Single Top 40) | 17 |
| Mexico (Billboard Mexican Airplay) | 39 |
| Mexico (Monitor Latino) | 15 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 88 |
| US Tropical Airplay (Billboard) | 4 |
| US Latin Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 30 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2018) | Position |
| Mexico Pop (Monitor Latino) | 86 |
| US Tropical Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 20 |
| Chart (2019) | Position |
| Chile (Monitor Latino) | 96 |
| Honduras Pop (Monitor Latino) | 18 |
| Perú Pop (Monitor Latino) | 47 |
| US Tropical Airplay (Billboard) | 26 |
# Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays

Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays (Academic Press, 1982) by Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John H. Conway, and Richard K. Guy is a compendium of information on mathematical games. It was first published in 1982 in two volumes.
The first volume introduces combinatorial game theory and its foundation in the surreal numbers; partizan and impartial games; Sprague–Grundy theory and misère games. The second volume applies the theorems of the first volume to many games, including nim, sprouts, dots and boxes, Sylver coinage, philosopher's phutball, fox and geese. A final section on puzzles analyzes the Soma cube, Rubik's Cube, peg solitaire, and Conway's Game of Life.
A republication of the work by A K Peters split the content into four volumes.

## Editions

* 1st edition, New York: Academic Press, 2 vols., 1982; vol. 1, hardback: ISBN 0-12-091150-7, paperback: ISBN 0-12-091101-9; vol. 2, hardback: ISBN 0-12-091152-3, paperback: ISBN 0-12-091102-7.
* 2nd edition, Wellesley, Massachusetts: A. K. Peters Ltd., 4 vols., 2001–2004; vol. 1: ISBN 1-56881-130-6; vol. 2: ISBN 1-56881-142-X; vol. 3: ISBN 1-56881-143-8; vol. 4: ISBN 1-56881-144-6.

## Games mentioned in the book

This is a partial list of the games mentioned in the book.
Note: Misère games not included
* Hackenbush
** Blue-Red Hackenbush
** Blue-Red-Green Hackenbush (Introduced as Hackenbush Hotchpotch in the book)
** Childish Hackenbush
* Ski-Jumps
* Toads-and-Frogs
* Cutcake
** Maundy Cake
** (2nd Unnamed Cutcake variant by Dean Hickerson)
** Hotcake
** Coolcakes
*** Baked Alaska
* Eatcake
** Turn-and-Eatcake
* Col
* Snort
* Nim (Green Hackenbush)
** Prim
** Dim
** Lasker's Nim
* Seating Couples
* Northcott's Game (Poker-Nim)
* The White Knight
* Wyt Queens (Wythoff's Game)
* Kayles
** Double Kayles
** Quadruple Kayles
* Dawson's Chess
* Dawson's Kayles
* Treblecross
* Grundy's Game
** Mrs. Grundy
* Domineering
* No Highway
* De Bono's L-Game
* Snakes-and-Ladders (Adders-and-Ladders)
* Jelly Bean Game
* Dividing Rulers

## Reviews

* Games
# The Doorway (film)

The Doorway is a 2000 American-Irish film. It was made at Roger Corman's studios in Ireland Concorde Anois.

## Plot

Four college students occupying the old Van Buren mansion are menaced by demons who've escaped hell through a concealed doorway in the house. To combat the dark forces, the students solicit help from Professor Lamont (Scheider), an expert on the paranormal. Written and directed by Michael B. Druxman.

## Cast

* Roy Scheider as Professor Lamont
* Lauren Woodland as Tammy
* Christian Harmony as Rick
* Suzanne Bridgham as Susan
* Don Maloney as Owen
* Teresa DePriest as Lydia/Evelyn
* Brendan Murray as Abbott
* Ricco Se as Hoskins
* Joe Moylan as Charlie
# Wiro of Roermond

Wiro of Roermond, also Wiro or Wera of Utrecht (and possibly also the same as Vira of Northumbria; d. c. 700) is a Christian saint of the 8th century. His feast day is May 8.

## Life

A native of Northumberland, Anglo-Saxon England, Wiro seems to have been associated with Saint Willibrord and to have been appointed the second bishop of Utrecht about 741.
Between 746 and 747, Wiro was one of eight bishops, along with St. Boniface, who wrote a letter to Æthelbald, King of Mercia, to reprove him for various dissolute and irreligious acts including stealing ecclesiastical revenue, violating church privileges, imposing forced labour on the clergy and fornicating with nuns. The letter implored Æthelbald to take a wife and abandon the sin of lust:
   We therefore, beloved son, beseech Your Grace by Christ the son of God and by His coming and by His kingdom, that if it is true that you are continuing in this vice you will amend your life by penitence, purify yourself, and bear in mind how vile a thing it is through lust to change the image of God created in you into the image and likeness of a vicious demon. Remember that you were made king and ruler over many not by your own merits but by the abounding grace of God, and now you are making yourself by your own lust the slave of an evil spirit.
Wiro was an itinerant missionary and preached in the region of the Maas and the Rhine, where his legend associates him with the priest Plechelm and the deacon Otger.
Later, he founded St. Peter's Abbey on land given to him by Pippin II in the present Sint Odilienberg near Roermond in the Netherlands with Otger. Wiro is buried there.
He may be identical with the missionary bishop Vira from Northumbria, mentioned by Alcuin among others.
The Basilica of Saints Wiro, Plechelm and Otger at Sint Odilienberg is dedicated to Wiro and his companions.

## Veneration

Veneration of Wiro and his two companions began early in Roermond. The legendary life story was written at the end of the 10th century.
The monastery he founded was transferred to Roermond, in 1361, accompanied by his relics, which were lost during the Reformation. They were re-discovered later in the 16th century, and a feast day was celebrated for some years to commemorate the rediscovery. In 1881 the original grave was found in the former abbey, and most of the bones were returned to it.
Wiro's feast day is 8 May but in Roermond 11 May. Since the Middle Ages, his skull has been in Utrecht, where he was the patron saint of the bishopric. Pilgrimages are still made to his grave, in Roermond.
# John Farrell (speed skater)

John O'Neil Farrell (August 28, 1906 – June 20, 1994) was an American speed skater and speed skating coach.
Farrell participated in the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. On the 500 m, he skated in the first pair and promptly set a new Olympic record with a time of 43.6 seconds, breaking Charles Jewtraw's old record of 44.0 seconds. The record would not stand, though, because in the next pair, Clas Thunberg skated 43.4 seconds, and in the eighth pair, Bernt Evensen also skated 43.4. But since nobody else besides those two skated faster than 43.6, Farrell won the bronze medal.
At the 1932 Winter Olympics of Lake Placid, the speed skating events were skated in pack-style format (having all competitors skate at the same time) for the only time in Olympic history. Farrell qualified for the final in his heat, but finished in sixth (and last) place in the final. Two weeks later, he finished fourteenth at the 1932 World Allround Championships, also in Lake Placid. At the 1936 Winter Olympics of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Farrell was the head coach of the American speed skating team.
Farrell was a National Outdoor Champion. In 1971 he was inducted in the National Speedskating Hall of Fame.
# Buckeye

Buckeye may refer to:

## Relating to the US state of Ohio

* Buckeye (nickname), a nickname for residents of the U.S. state of Ohio, the "buckeye state"
** Ohio State Buckeyes, the intercollegiate athletic teams of the Ohio State University
** Brutus Buckeye, the mascot of the Ohio State University
** Aesculus glabra, also known as the Ohio buckeye, Ohio's state tree
* Cleveland Buckeyes, a Negro league baseball franchise, 1942–1950
* Buckeyes, the athletic teams of Nelsonville-York High School, Nelsonville, Ohio

## Arts and media

* "Buckeye", a song by Lamb of God on the album Burn the Priest
* Nathan "Buckeye" Heywood or Citizen Steel, a DC Comics character

## Businesses

* Buckeye Broadband, a cable company
* Buckeye Industries, an American aircraft manufacturer
* Buckeye Partners, a petroleum distributor based in Texas, US
* Buckeye Steel Castings, a former steelmaker in Columbus, Ohio

## Places

* Buckeye, Arizona
* Buckeye, California (disambiguation)
* Buckeye, Colorado
* Buckeye, Indiana
* Buckeye, Iowa
* Buckeye, Kansas
* Buckeye, Kentucky
* Buckeye, Missouri
* Buckeye Township (disambiguation)
* Buckeye, Washington
* Buckeye, West Virginia
* Buckeye, Ohio, which also houses the "Buckeye Furnace" and the Buckeye Furnace Covered Bridge
* Buckeye Lake, Ohio
* Buckeye Trail, a long-distance trail in Ohio
* Buckeye–Shaker, a neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio

## Science and technology
### Biology

* Buckeye (tree), several tree species of the genus Aesculus
* Buckeye chicken, a breed of chicken originating in Ohio
* Buckeye rot of tomato
* Junonia coenia, also called buckeye, a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae found in the United States and Canada

### Other uses in science and technology

* Buckeye, a named passenger train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad between Cleveland, Ohio and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* Buckeye coupler, a railway car coupler
* North American T-2 Buckeye, an aircraft
* Buckeye system, operational airborne surveying system

## Other uses

* Buckeye candy, a peanut butter and chocolate candy resembling the nut of a buckeye tree
* Buckeye Division, or 37th Infantry Division, of the US Army
* Garland Buckeye (1897–1975), former professional football and baseball player
# Micklegate Methodist Church, Pontefract

Micklegate Methodist Church is an active Methodist Church of Great Britain church in Pontefract, West Yorkshire, England.

## Location

The church is situated on Micklegate to the east of Pontefract town centre close to Pontefract Castle. It is one of two Methodist churches in the town, the other being Central Methodist Church situated to the west of Pontefract town centre.

## History

The church replaced the former Tanshelf Primitive Methoduct Church which burned down in 1965. There hare records of Methodist churches on this site since 1854. The current church was opened 8 September 1969. It was closed in August 2024.

### Tanshelf Primitive Methoduct Church

Tanshelf Primitive Methoduct Church stood on the current site of Micklegate Methodist Church. The church was two story and of red brick construction with a gabled front. It was of 19th century origin. The church was burned down in an arson attack in which nobody was injured.

## Architecture

The church is of a modernist style. It is two stories high with a gabled south facing front with extensive glazing, double doors and canopy. The western facia features a large crucifix.

## War memorial

Inside the church is a war memorial to the First World War which was salvaged from the former Tanshelf Primitive Methodist Church which reads 'Great War 1914 – 1919, in tender loving memory of Cpl JL Harvey, J Walker, Gunr F Wilson, W Boothman, Pte GE Spurr, JW Paver, Pte EA Ogly, SS Trueman, Pte E Moxon, WS Heseltine, Pte GR Beaumont, Pte C Turner, H Crabtree, Pte E Garner, TW Crewe, Pte D Leng, C Cotton, Pte JW Lister, JH Heeley, Drir GH Waller, Men of Pontefract and Tanshelf Prim Meth Church who made the supreme sacrifice'.
# Cobb Mountain

Cobb Mountain is the tallest mountain in the Mayacamas Mountains of California.

## Location

Cobb Mountain's 4,723 feet (1,440 m) main summit is located in Lake County, west of the town of Cobb. Like nearby Mount Saint Helena, Cobb Mountain is tall enough to receive winter snowfall. The mountain has a sub-peak referred to as Cobb Mountain – Southwest Peak with an elevation of about 4483+ feet, (1367+ m) NAVD 88; Southwest Peak lies on the Sonoma-Lake county line and is the highest point in Sonoma County. Nearby taller peaks like Mount Saint Helena and Snow Mountain can be seen from this summit.
Cobb Mountain is one of the mountains in the Cobb Mountain Area, many of which have volcanic origin. Others are Boggs Mountain, Mount Hannah and Seigler Mountain. There are isolated small valleys and basins between the mountain peaks.
The east end of Cobb Mountain drains into the headwaters of Putah Creek, then into the Sacramento River, the San Francisco Bay, and the Pacific Ocean. The south slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Anderson Creek, and thence into Putah Creek. The southwest slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Cobb Creek, thence into Big Sulphur Creek, the Russian River, and into the Pacific. The northwest slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Alder Creek, thence into Kelsey Creek, Clear Lake, Cache Creek, and the Sacramento River. The northeast slopes of Cobb Mountain drain into Kelsey Creek.
Much of Cobb Mountain lies within The Geysers Geothermal Field, and several geothermal plants are located on the mountain. Other areas on the mountain are owned by Cobb Mountain Spring Water (now sold as Mayacamas Mountain Spring Water) or are privately held timberlands. Because much of Cobb Mountain is privately owned, it is largely not accessible to the general public.

## History

The mountain is named after John Cobb, the first pioneer to settle in the area. Cobb was born in Henry County, Kentucky on May 19, 1814. In 1853 he arrived in California and homesteaded in Cobb Valley and went on to become the county assessor and the road overseer for the Clearlake District in 1855. He built a combined saw and gristmill in 1859, which was later destroyed by fire. He sold his interests and moved to Napa County around 1860.
The Cobb Mountain area was devastated in 2015 by the Valley Fire, including much of the town of Cobb, as well as several geothermal facilities. The catastrophic fire, the third-most destructive in California's history, started on Cobb Mountain as the result of faulty hot tub wiring according to Cal Fire. Four people died and a total 76,000 acres (31,000 ha) were burned over.
# 1916 Buffalo All-Stars season

The 1916 Buffalo All-Stars (or just "All-Buffalo" as they were known in local papers) played in the Buffalo Semi Pro Football division which was considered part of the New York Pro Football League and posted a 7-3-1 record.
Eugene F. Dooley played quarterback and also managed the team.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | October 1, 1916 | Tonawanda Frontiers | W 7-0 |
| 2 | October 8, 1916 | at Toledo Maroons | L 15-0 |
| 3 | October 15, 1916 | at Canton Bulldogs | L 77-0 |
| 4 | October 22, 1916 | Jewish Young Men's Association | W 6-0 |
| 5 | October 29, 1916 | All-Tonawanda | W 6-0 |
| 6 | November 5, 1916 | All-Lancaster | T 0-0 |
| 7 | November 12, 1916 | Buffalo High School All-Stars | W 20-0 |
| 8 | November 19, 1916 | at All-Tonawanda | L 3-0 |
| 9 | November 26, 1916 | All-Tonawanda | W 6-0 |
| 10 | November 30, 1916 | All-Lancaster | W 13-0 |
| 11 | December 3, 1916 | Rochester Jeffersons | W 7-6 |
# 1917 Buffalo All-Stars season

The 1917 Buffalo All-Stars team (or just "All-Buffalo" as they were known in local papers) played in the New York Pro Football League and would go on to post a 4–6–2 record.
Three of the losses came at the hands of either Ohio League and/or future National Football League teams from outside the state of New York.
The highlight of the season included two indoor games played against the 74th Regiment, NYNG infantry football team at the 74th armory over Christmas week. The regiment, stationed at Camp Wadsworth in Spartanburg, SC, was home for the holidays. Proceeds of the two games were given to the soldiers to off-set travel expenses.
Eugene F. Dooley played quarterback and also managed the team.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | September 29, 1917 | Rochester College Stars | W 21–6 |
| 2 | October 7, 1917 | All-Niagara | W 30–0 |
| 3 | October 14, 1917 | at Massillon Tigers | L 14–6 |
| 4 | October 21, 1917 | at Detroit Heralds | L 67–0 |
| 5 | October 28, 1917 | All-Tonawanda All-Stars | T 0–0 |
| 6 | November 4, 1917 | at Akron Indians | L 12–7 |
| 7 | November 10, 1917 | Fort Niagara | L 20–0 |
| 8 | November 11, 1917 | Jamestown, New York | W 34–12 |
| 9 | November 25, 1917 | at All-Tonawanda All-Stars | L 16–0 |
| 10 | December 1, 1917 | Camp Dix 309th Infantry | L 2–0 |
| 11 | December 25, 1917 | 74th Infantry (Fort Porter) | T 7–7 |
| 12 | December 29, 1917 | 74th Infantry | W 21–0 |
# Sgabello

A sgabello is a type of stool typical of the Italian Renaissance. An armchair with armrests usually was a chair (sedia) of hieratic(hierarchic?) significance. Sgabelli were typically made of walnut and included a variety of carvings and turned elements. The legs could be either two decorated boards with a stretcher for support, or three separate ornamented and carved impost legs. This seat was often placed in hallways, carved with a family's imprese or emblem drawn from its coat-of-arms. Its primary purpose was decorative, therefore the seat was not necessarily comfortable. Similar chairs were made in France, where they were known as a side chair. These had solid supports called rhombus seat supports. They were not used as stools.

## Gallery

* Italian 16th Century, Walnut Stool (Sgabello), Carved and Gilded, c. 1540–1560, National Gallery of Art
* Members of an Amsterdam schutterscompagnie painted in 1653 are seated on sgabelli that may have been heirlooms, as are the silver objects they inspect and display.
* 16th century sgabello of archbishop Joan Terès i Borrull.
* Sgabello, 16th-century.
# Eugene Allen Gilmore

Eugene Allen Gilmore (July 4, 1871 – November 4, 1953) was Vice Governor-General of the Philippine Islands from 1922 to 1929, serving twice as acting Governor-General of the Philippines in 1927 and again in 1929. He also held positions as the Dean of the College of Law at the University of Iowa from 1930 to 1934, the twelfth President of the University of Iowa from 1934 to 1940, and the law dean at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law from 1940 to 1942.

## Biography

Gilmore was born in Brownville, Nebraska to Andrew Gilmore and Sarah Jane Allen Hall. He received his B.A. degree from DePauw University in 1893, and his LL.B. from Harvard in 1899. He married Blanche Bayse of Rockport, Indiana on December 27, 1899. After practicing law in Boston, Massachusetts from 1899 to 1902, Gilmore served as faculty at the University of Wisconsin Law School from 1902 to 1922. While in Madison, he commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to design a home, the Eugene A. Gilmore House. He was the Vice Governor-General of the Philippine Islands from 1922 to 1929. He became dean of the University of Iowa College of Law in 1930, then as the president of the university from 1934 to 1940.
Gilmore died of a heart attack at his home in Iowa City, Iowa on November 4, 1953.

## Legacy

Gilmore Avenue, Quezon City, a major thoroughfare in the Metro Manila, is named after him, in turn lending its name to Gilmore station, an urban mass transit station located near the avenue. Gilmore Hall at the University of Iowa is named for him.
# One PNC Plaza

One PNC Plaza is a high-rise office building located in the Golden Triangle neighborhood of the Central Business District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Constructed in 1972, it is 129.24 m (424.0 ft) 30 stories. It houses the general offices for PNC Financial Services. The building is the former location of PNC's corporate headquarters before completion of the Tower at PNC Plaza.
The building was constructed on the site of the former First National Bank Building, a 26-story 1912 beaux-arts tower, that was only 11 m (36 ft) shorter.