OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark Gold (activist)

Mark Gold (born c. 1953) is an English animal rights and veganism activist and writer. He has worked for Compassion in World Farming and Animal Aid, organised vegan events and is the author of four books on animal issues, a novel and two books on Wolverhampton Wanderers F. C. He is the founder of the charity the Vegan Compassion Group (formerly the Vegetarian Campaign Group).

## Life and career

Mark Gold was born in Birmingham c. 1953 and studied English at York University.
Gold worked for Compassion in World Farming from 1978 to 1983, before becoming National Organiser. He was Director of Animal Aid for 12 years. In 1992, he directed the short film Their Future in Your Hands for Animal Aid. In 2017, Gold organised Animal Aid's three-week Vegan Festival of Britain. In 2021, he organised Exeter Vegan Market. He continues to work for Animal Aid and also works for Citizens Advice.
Gold has authored four books on animal issues: Assault and Battery: What Factory Farming Means for Humans and Animals (1983), Living Without Cruelty: Choose a Cruelty Free Lifestyle (1988), Animal Rights: Expanding the Circle of Compassion (1995) and Animal Century: A Celebration of Changing Attitudes to Animals (1998). The Observer voted Living Without Cruelty as one of the top green books of the period. In 2008, he published his first novel Cranks and Revolutions, which won praise from the British politician Tony Benn. He has published two books on Wolverhampton Wanderers F. C.: Under a Wanderers Star: Forty Pain Filled Years Following the Wolves (2002) and The Boys from the Black Country (2010).
In 1986 Gold founded the Vegetarian Campaign Group, to "promote the ideals and practice of vegetarianism as a means of advancing the mental, physical and moral improvements of mankind". It has been since renamed to the Vegan Compassion Group, and promotes veganism. The charity operates in the UK, Nepal and Ethiopia.

## Personal life

As of 1995, Gold was living with his partner, Emily, and stepson, in Devon, close to Honiton.

## Publications
### Articles

* "If Slaughterhouses Had Glass Walls", Animals: A New Ethics, No. 271, March–April 2012

### Books

* Assault and Battery: What Factory Farming Means for Humans and Animals (Pluto Press, 1983)
* Living Without Cruelty: Choose a Cruelty Free Lifestyle (Green Publishing, 1988)
* Animal Rights: Expanding the Circle of Compassion (John Carpenter Publishing, 1995)
* Animal Century: A Celebration of Changing Attitudes to Animals (John Carpenter Publishing, 1998)
* Under a Wanderers Star: Forty Pain Filled Years Following the Wolves (Offwell Press, 2002)
* Cranks and Revolutions (Merlin Press, 2008)
* The Boys from the Black Country (SportsBooks, 2010)

### Chapters

* Tansey, Geoff; D'Silva, Joyce, eds. (1999), "Beyond the Killing Fields: Working Towards a Vegetarian Future", The Meat Business, Routledge, p. 16, doi:10.4324/9780429296819-21, ISBN 978-0-429-29681-9, S2CID 200201791

### Reports

* "The Global Benefits of Eating Less Meat: A Report for Compassion in World Farming Trust" (Compassion in World Farming, 2004)
# Kannur University

Kannur University is a multi-campus public university established in 1996 to provide development of higher education in Kasaragod, Kannur, Wayanad districts of Kerala, India. It serves the region of North Malabar. It was established after the passing of Act No. 22 of 1996 of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. A university by the name of "Malabar University" had come into existence even earlier by the passing of an ordinance by the Governor of Kerala, on 9 November 1995.
The university was inaugurated on 2 March 1996 by E. K Nayanar, then Chief Minister of Kerala. The objective of the Kannur University Act, 1996 was to establish in the state of Kerala a teaching, residential and affiliating university to provide for the development of higher education in Kasaragod and Kannur revenue Districts and the Mananthavady Taluk of Wayanad District.
Kannur University is a multi-campus university, at Kannur, Kasaragod, Mananthavady, Payyannur, Mangattuparamba, Thalassery, Nileshwaram and Manjeshwaram.

## Inter University Centers

* Inter University Center for Bioscience, Thalassery campus, Palayad, Kerala, India

## Affiliated colleges
### Government Colleges

* Government College Kasaragod
* Government College Mananthavady
* Government Brennen College, Dharmadam
* Govinda Pai College, Manjeshwar
* Krishna Menon Memorial Government Women's College

### Arts and Science Colleges (Aided)

* Co-operative Arts & Science College, Madayi
* Mahathma Gandhi College, Iritty
* Mary Matha Arts & Science College
* N.A.M. College, Kallikkandy
* Nehru College, Kanhangad
* Nirmalagiri college, Kuthuparamba
* Payyannur College
* Pazhassi Raja N. S. S. College, Mattanur
* Sir Syed College (Taliparamba)
* S.E.S. College, Sreekandapuram
* S. N. College, Kannur

### Professional Colleges (Unaided)

* People Institute of Management Studies, Munnad

## Notable alumni

* Adv. A. N. Shamseer, 24th Speaker of Kerala Legislative Assembly
* K. V. Sumesh, Member of Kerala Legislative Assembly
* P. K. Jayalakshmi, Former Minister Government of Kerala
* Manju Warrier, Indian film Actress.
* C. K. Vineeth, Indian Footballer.
* Sayanora Philip, Playback singer
* M. Vijin, MLA
* Sahal Abdul Samad, Indian national football player
* Ganapathi S Poduval, Malayalam Film Actor
* Nikhila Vimal, Malayalam film actress
* Sanusha, Malayalam film actress

## Image gallery

* Pro Vice Chancellor
* Government College Kasaragod
* Nehru College, Kanhangad
* Sir Syed College, Taliparamba
* Government College, Mananthavady
# 1959 in Turkey

Events in the year 1959 in Turkey.

## Parliament

* 11th Parliament of Turkey

## Incumbents

* President – Celal Bayar
* Prime Minister – Adnan Menderes
* Leader of the opposition – İsmet İnönü

## Ruling party and the main opposition

* Ruling party – Democrat Party (DP)
* Main opposition – Republican People's Party (CHP)

## Cabinet

* 23rd government of Turkey

## Events

* 11 February – Zürich Agreement concerning the Cyprus issue
* 17 February – Turkish Airlines aircraft SEC crashed in London. Prime minister Adnan Menderes survived
* 18 February – London Agreement concerning the Cyprus issue
* 1 May – Opposition leader İsmet İnönü got attacked in Uşak
* 4 May – Opposition leader İsmet İnönü got attacked in Istanbul (Topkapı event).
* 14 June – Fenerbahçe won the championship of the Turkish football league
* 27 September – Kasım Gülek, the secretary general of CHP resigned

## Births

* 12 February – Ercan Akbay, writer, painter and musician
* 26 February – Ahmet Davutoğlu, prime minister
* 1 April – Banu Alkan, actress
* 7 April – Ali Sürmeli, actor
* 10 April – Ikram Dinçer, politician
* 22 April – Musa Uzunlar, actor
* 24 April – Eren Keskin, activist
* 3 May – Tuğba Çetin (Ahu Tuğba), actress
* 15 July – Bergen Sarılmışer, singer
* 27 November – Gani Müjde scriptwriter
* 23 December – Demet Akbağ, theatre actress

## Deaths

* 10 January – Şükrü Kaya (aged 76), former government minister (5th – 9th government of Turkey)
* 14 march – Faik Ahmet Barutçu (aged 63), former deputy prime minister (17th government of Turkey)
* 16 September – Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan, Islamic scholar
* 24 October – Osman Nihat Akın, composer

## Gallery

* Celal Bayar
* Adnan Menderes
* İsmet İnönü
* Ahmet Davutoğlu
* Şükrü Kaya
* Faik Ahmet Barutçu
# Alpine Independent School District

The Alpine Independent School District is a school district based in Alpine, Texas, United States. The district operates one high school, Alpine High School.

## History

Prior to 1996 Alpine High School served as the high school for students from Terlingua Common School District. Beginning in the 1960s, students were bussed to Alpine, with the bus ride being the longest in the United States. San Vicente Independent School District also sent its high school students to Alpine High. In 1996 Big Bend High School opened and the Terlingua area students no longer came to Alpine High. San Vicente ISD at that time began using Big Bend High.

## Finances

As of the 2010-2011 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $380,110,000. The maintenance tax rate was $0.117 and the bond tax rate was $0.009 per $100 of appraised valuation.

## Academic achievement

In 2011, the school district was rated "Recognized" by the Texas Education Agency. Thirty-five percent of districts in Texas in 2011 received the same rating. No state accountability ratings will be given to districts in 2012. A school district in Texas can receive one of four possible rankings from the Texas Education Agency: Exemplary (the highest possible ranking), Recognized, Academically Acceptable, and Academically Unacceptable (the lowest possible ranking).
Historical district TEA accountability ratings:
* 2011: Recognized
* 2010: Recognized
* 2009: Recognized
* 2008: Academically Acceptable
* 2007: Academically Acceptable
* 2006: Academically Acceptable
* 2005: Recognized
* 2004: Recognized

## Service area

Currently the district serves Alpine. Residents of the Sul Ross State University family housing units, Lobo Village 5 through 7, are zoned to Alpine ISD schools.
Prior to 1996 for the high school level Alpine ISD served, in addition to Alpine, Lajitas, Panther Junction, and Terlingua. The San Vicente and Terlingua districts include Big Bend National Park.

## Schools

In the 2011-2012 school year the district operated three schools:
* Alpine High School (grades 9-12)
* Alpine Middle School (grades 5-8)
* Alpine Elementary School (grades PK-4)

## Special programs
### Athletics

Alpine High School offers boys' baseball, basketball, football, powerlifting, golf, and wrestling; and girls' basketball, softball, powerlifting, golf, and volleyball. For the 2012 through 2014 school years, Alpine High School played football in UIL Class 2A Division II. The Alpine High School teams are known as the Fightn' Bucks and Lady Bucks.
# Ganiga

Ganiga is a caste found in the state of Karnataka, India. They were originally oil pressers and also oil-mongers in the Mysore region of Karnataka. They add the title Shetty to their name.
Ganiga men used to wear sacred thread. They hold themselves to be high class Vaishyas and did not eat food cooked by anyone other than Havyaka Brahmins. They employed Havyaka Brahmins to perform their chief ceremonies and their religious teacher is the chief of smárta monastery at Sringeri and They belong to Kundapura Vyasaraja Peetham. They are classified as OBC in India's system of positive discrimination.
# Leader Building

The Leader Building is a 15-story high-rise building located at the southwest corner of Superior Avenue and East 6th Street in Downtown Cleveland, adjacent to the Cleveland Arcade and across the street from the Cleveland Public Library.

## History and architecture

Completed in 1913, the Leader Building was built by industrialist Dan Hanna to house The Cleveland Leader, a Cleveland newspaper he had recently acquired. The 199-foot (61 m), 322,600-square-foot (29,970 m$^2$) structure was designed by architect Charles Adams Platt in the Beaux-Arts style, and features high-quality interior materials. The limestone-clad building was also home to the Cleveland News, which Hanna owned as well. While The Cleveland Leader closed in 1917, the News continued to occupy a portion of the Leader Building until 1926. Its upper stories were rented out as office space, and were popular among lawyers. For 60 years, the building's basement was home to the Colonnade Cafeteria.
In 2014, the K & D Group acquired the building for $5.4 million. At the time of the purchase, the Leader Building was operated as office space, and had a 60% occupancy rate. The K & D Group announced plans for a mixed-use renovation, and said they would convert a portion of the building to apartments. When the renovations were completed in 2017, the company had converted the top 12 floors to apartments they named the Residences at the Leader. The ground floor remained as retail space and the second and third floors remained as offices.
The building will serve as the exterior for the Daily Planet in the 2025 film, Superman.
# Michałki, Wąbrzeźno County

Michałki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąbrzeźno, within Wąbrzeźno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Wąbrzeźno and 32 km (20 mi) north-east of Toruń.
# Godfried Dejonckheere

Godfried Dejonckheere (born 1 July 1952) is a retired Belgian race walker.
He was born in Roeselare and represented the club KKS Kortrijk. He finished 25th at the 1976 Olympic Games (20 km), tenth at the 1987 World Championships (50 km), 35th at the 1988 Olympic Games (20 km), and ninth at the 1991 World Championships (50 km). He was disqualified at the 1992 Olympic Games (50 km) and the 1993 World Championships (50 km).
He became Belgian champion 21 times. He was given the Golden Spike award in 1989 and 1991.
# Jean Leblond

Jean Leblond (2 June 1920 – 1996) was a Belgian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Leblond died in Ath in 1996.
# Nely Galán

Nely Galán (born 1963 in Santa Clara, Cuba) is an independent producer and a former President of Entertainment for Telemundo. She created and executively produced the Fox reality series The Swan.
Nely Galán was born Arnely Alvarez in Santa Clara, Cuba. Her parents moved to Teaneck, New Jersey in 1967 when she was five years old. During high school Galán submitted an article to Seventeen magazine which was so impressive she was asked to be a guest editor and led to a permanent position. At the age of 22, Galán embarked on her career in entertainment as the nation's youngest station manager for WNJU TV Channel 47 in New York. Owned by Jerry Perenchio and Norman Lear, the station became the launchpad for what is now the Telemundo Network.
Galán created and produced the Telemundo reality television program La Cenicienta (Cinderella). Hosted by Eva Tamargo, the program broke ground for Telemundo's reality television programming. Different from Telemundo's telenovelas, La Cenicienta is unscripted. Minerva Ruvalcaba is featured as La Cenicienta, a woman seeking Prince Charming from 20 bachelors. Telemundo incorporated English subtitles in the program to reach both Spanish and English speaking audiences. La Cenicienta became one of Telemundo's highest rated programs in its 50-year history.
Galán was a contestant on NBC's The Celebrity Apprentice with Donald Trump, competing for the charity Count Me In, which helps women gain economic independence. She was fired by Trump on February 7, 2008.
Galán was added to the advisory board of the Hispanic Scholarship Fund on Nov. 12, 2012. On May 31, 2016, Galán published the book Self Made: Becoming Empowered, Self-Reliant, and Rich in Every Way.
# Robbie Smith (Canadian football)

Robert Smith (born April 17, 1997) is a Canadian professional football defensive lineman for the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a two-time Grey Cup champion after winning with the Toronto Argonauts in 2022 and 2024.

## University career

Smith played U Sports football with the Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks from 2015 to 2018. He was a member of the 2016 Yates Cup championship team and was named an OUA All-Star in 2017 and 2018.

## Professional career
### Toronto Argonauts

Smith was drafted ninth overall in the 2019 CFL Draft by the Toronto Argonauts and signed with the team on May 16, 2019. He made his professional debut on June 22, 2019, against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He recorded his first career sack on July 18, 2019, against the Calgary Stampeders' Nick Arbuckle. He later made his first career start on August 16, 2019, against the Edmonton Eskimos. Smith finished his rookie campaign having played in 14 regular season games, starting in four, and recorded 15 defensive tackles, one special teams tackle, four sacks, and one forced fumble. He did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 CFL season.
In 2021, Smith played in all 14 regular season games where he had 24 defensive tackles, six special teams tackles, one sack, and one forced fumble. In 2022, he played in 17 regular season games where he had 22 defensive tackles, seven special teams tackles, three sacks, one interception, and one forced fumble. In the 109th Grey Cup game, Smith had four defensive tackles and one sack, but took a costly facemask penalty that extended the final drive of the game for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. However, in a measure of redemption, he blocked Winnipeg's potential game-winning field goal and Smith won his first Grey Cup championship.
In the 2023 season, Smith played in all 18 regular season games, starting in 13, where he recorded a career-high 34 defensive tackles, 11 special teams tackles, and six sacks. In 2024, he played and started in 17 regular season games where he recorded 32 defensive tackles, five special teams tackles, and six sacks. Smith started in all three post-season games, including the 111th Grey Cup where he had two defensive tackles and one sack in the Argonauts' 41–24 victory over the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.

### Edmonton Elks

Smith signed with the Edmonton Elks through free agency on February 12, 2025.
# Naseong City Wall

The Naseong City Wall (Korean: 나성; Hanja: 羅城) is a Baekje-era wall in Buyeo County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, they were made Historic Site of South Korea No. 58. They are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Baekje Historic Areas.
The walls were built possibly around 538 (Korean calendar) to defend Sabi, the capital of Baekje. The walls were constructed just before the city was well-established, and continued to be constructed and fortified after that. The walls were presumed to surround the city, but currently only parts of the northern and eastern section remain. No physical evidence for the western and southern sections are known. The known sections are around 6.6 km (4.1 mi) in length. The known wall section starts from the north gate of the fortress Busosanseong and continues southeast and south.
Excavations began on the wall in 1991. More than 30 were conducted thereafter.

## Gallery

* A portion fo the wall (2017)
* A walking path along the wall (2017)
# Kobe Williams

Kobe Williams (born November 16, 1998) is an American professional football defensive back for the Edmonton Elks of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

## College career

Williams first played college football for the Long Beach City College Vikings in 2016 where he played in 11 games and recorded 21 tackles, five pass break ups, and one interception. He then transferred to Arizona State University to play for the Sun Devils from 2017 to 2019. He played in 38 games for Arizona State where he had 143 total tackles, two interceptions, one forced fumble, and one fumble recovery.

## Professional career
### Jacksonville Jaguars

Williams signed as an undrafted free agent with the Jacksonville Jaguars on April 27, 2020. However, he was released during training camp on August 10, 2020.

### Calgary Stampeders

On June 11, 2021, it was announced that Williams had signed with the Calgary Stampeders. He began the 2021 season on the practice roster, but made his professional debut in Week 7 against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on September 17, 2021 where he had two defensive tackles. He played in just the one game in 2021 while spending the remainder of the year on the practice roster. He re-signed with the team on February 28, 2022.
In 2022 season, Williams made the team's active roster following training camp and played in the team's season opener against the Montreal Alouettes where he recorded four defensive tackles. However, he spent the next six games on the injured list followed by a one-game stint on the practice roster. He returned to play against the Toronto Argonauts on August 20, 2022, as the starting halfback before moving to the Sam linebacker position two weeks later.

### Edmonton Elks

The Edmonton Elks announced they had signed Williams through free agency on February 11, 2025.
# Busosanseong

Busosanseong (Korean: 부소산성; Hanja: 扶蘇山城) was a Baekje-era Korean fortress on the mountain Busosan in what is now Buyeo County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, it was designated Historic Site of South Korea No. 5. The fortress was built in 538 (Korean calendar), possibly in place of another existing fortification on the spot, to protect the final Baekje capital Sabi. The fortification has traces of three main gates and a military depot.
# Mandie Godliman

Mandie Claire Godliman (born 5 April 1973) is an English former cricketer. She made one Test and 11 One Day International appearances for England between 2002 and 2003. She played domestic cricket for Thames Valley, Sussex, Wellington, Canterbury and Northern Districts.
# Henry Nathan Jr.

Henry Nathan Jr. (September 3, 1842 – February 5, 1914) was the first Jewish Canadian to be elected to the House of Commons. Born in London, England, Nathan was one of two MPs elected to represent the British Columbia riding of Victoria in the Canadian general election of 1872. They had won by acclamation special byelections held the year before to fill the newly created House of Commons seats upon British Columbia's admission to Confederation (in those byelections the riding was named Victoria District). The other representative for Victoria was B.C.'s Father of Confederation, Amor De Cosmos who was simultaneously Premier of that province until 1874. The third-place also-ran was Robert Beaven, who was to become the sixth Premier of British Columbia ten years later.
The son of Henry Nathan, Nathan was educated at the London University School and became a wholesale merchant in Victoria, British Columbia. He represented Victoria City in the assembly of the Colony of British Columbia from 1870 to 1871. Like De Cosmos, Nathan was part of British Columbia's delegation to Ottawa to negotiate the terms of B.C.'s entry into Confederation.
Once in Parliament, Nathan supported the government of Sir John A. Macdonald. This strained his relationship with De Cosmos, who had become a supporter of MacDonald's opponent, Liberal Alexander Mackenzie. As a result, Nathan took to calling de Cosmos "Cupid" in private letters (de Cosmos' name roughly translates to "Lover of the Universe").
The byelection of 1871 was held to return members from newly admitted British Columbia to the 1st Parliament of Canada that had been elected four years earlier following Confederation. With Nathan joining that Parliament, the multicultural nature of the Canadian nation was firmly established.
In 1876, Nathan returned to England. He died in London at the age of 71.

## Electoral record

vte1872 Canadian federal election: Victoria, British Columbia :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Elected |
| | Liberal | Henry Nathan Jr. | 402 | Y |
| | Liberal | Amor De Cosmos | 398 | Y |
| | Unknown | R. Beaven | 94 | |
| This riding was created from Victoria District, which elected both Liberal Amor De Cosmos and Henry Nathan Jr. in the previous by-election. |||||||
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
vteCanadian federal by-election, 20 September 1871: Victoria District :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | Amor De Cosmos | acclaimed |
| | Liberal | Henry Nathan Jr. | acclaimed |
| Source: lop.parl.ca |||||||
# Ferdiansyah (footballer, born 1983)

Ferdiansyah (born 13 February 1983) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

## Honours
### Club
#### Persipura Jayapura

* Indonesia Super League: 2008–09, 2010–11
* Indonesian Community Shield: 2009
* Indonesian Inter Island Cup: 2011
* Indonesia Soccer Championship A: 2016
# Leumi

Leumi (Hebrew: לאומי) literally meaning "National" is part of the name of a number national of organizations and businesses. In particular, "Leumi" may refer to:
* Bank Leumi, Israeli bank
* Orr Leumi, Israeli basketball player
* Shimon Leumi, alias of Shimon Ratner (1898–1964), Polish Jewish football player, who played in Austria, Mandate Palestine, and Israel