OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stand-in Attack Weapon

The Stand-in Attack Weapon (SiAW) is a tactical air-to-surface missile under development for the United States Air Force (USAF) by Northrop Grumman.
It is primarily designed to attack air-defences and high-value targets such as command-and-control sites, surface-to-surface missile launchers, anti-satellite systems, and GPS jamming systems.

## History

In May 2022, the USAF awarded contracts to L3Harris Technologies, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman to begin the first phase of development for the Stand-in Attack Weapon (SiAW). On 28 September 2023, the USAF awarded a US$705m contract to Northrop Grumman to develop and test the SiAW. The SiAW is intended to attack relocatable targets including theater ballistic missile launchers, cruise and anti-ship missile launchers, GPS jamming platforms and anti-satellite systems. It will have a shorter range than standoff weapons, being fired by an aircraft after penetrating enemy airspace. The SiAW will fit inside the F-35 Lightning II's internal weapon bays. The design leverages work on the United States Navy's AGM-88G Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile - Extended Range (AARGM-ER). The USAF plans to have an operational weapon by 2026.
In November 2024, Northrop Grumman delivered the first SiAW to the USAF for flight testing.
# Koziary, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Koziary is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tczew, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Tczew and 35 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Changgang station

Changgang Station (simplified Chinese: 昌岗站; traditional Chinese: 昌崗站; Jyutping: coeng1 gong1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Chēunggōng Jaahm) is an interchange station of Line 2 and Line 8 on the Guangzhou Metro. The underground station is located at the intersection of Changgang Road and Jiangnan Avenue in Haizhu District. It started operation on 25 September 2010.
At its first operation day of the station, the number of passenger frequency was over 220,000, so traffic control was needed at the platforms of Line 2.

## Station layout

| G | - | Exits A, B, C1, C2, D-F |
| L1 Reserved Zone | - | Reserved for Civil Works |
| L2 Concourse | Lobby | Ticket Machines, Customer Service, Shops, Police Station, Safety Facilities |
| L2 Concourse | | Pedestrian subway |
| L3 Platforms | Platform 3 | 8 towards Jiaoxin (Baogang Dadao) |
| Island Platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L3 Platforms | Platform 4 | 8 towards Wanshengwei Station (Xiaogang) |
| L4 Platforms | Platform 2 | 2 towards Guangzhou South Railway Station (Jiangtai Lu) |
| Island Platform, doors will open on the left ||
| L4 Platforms | Platform 1 | 2 towards Jiahewanggang (Jiangnanxi) |

## Gallery

* Line 8 concourse
* Line 2 concourse
* Transfer stairs
* Exit A
* Exit E
* Exit F
# 7O

7O or 7-O may refer to:
* 7O, IATA code for Galaxy Air
* 7O-ADJ, tail number for plane involved in Yemenia Flight 626
* 7O, code for Yemen in Aircraft registration codes
* Venezuela's 2012 presidential elections of 7 October
# Muhammad Hafiz

Muhammad Hafizd (born 3 April 1999) is an Indonesian cricketer. He was named in Indonesia squad for the Indonesia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament. He made his List A debut for Indonesia, against Denmark, in the Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament on 16 September 2019.
# 2MASS J22132050-5137385

2MASS J22132050-5137385 is a contender for the oldest star in the known universe. It is located within the Milky Way galaxy, between 6820 and 6230 light years away from Earth in the constellation of Grus. It has a mass 0.80±0.08 that of the Sun. Due to its age, it is likely among the first stars from reionization (the stellar dawn), ending the Dark Ages about 370,000 years after the Big Bang.
# 1996 NCAA women's gymnastics championships

The 1996 NCAA women's gymnastics championships were contested at the 15th annual gym meet hosted by the NCAA to determine the individual and team national champions of women's gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.
The competition took place from April 25–27 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, hosted by the University of Alabama in the Coleman Coliseum.
Hosts Alabama won the team title, the Crimson Tide's third overall title and first since 1991. With a score of 198.025, Alabama also set a new NCAA record for team scoring.
Meredith Willard, also from Alabama, won the individual all-around championship.

## Team Results
### Session 1

| Position | Team | | | | | Total |
| 1 | Georgia Gym Dogs | 49.400 | 49.175 | 49.025 | 48.800 | 196.400 |
| 2 | UCLA Bruins | 48.875 | 48.825 | 48.925 | 48.675 | 195.300 |
| 3 | Michigan Wolverines | 49.475 | 48.125 | 48.125 | 48.250 | 193.975 |
| 4 | Nebraska Cornhuskers | 48.650 | 48.950 | 47.900 | 48.450 | 193.950 |
| 5 | Penn State Nittany Lions | 48.250 | 48.425 | 47.800 | 48.225 | 192.700 |
| 6 | BYU Cougars | 48.125 | 47.950 | 47.724 | 48.700 | 192.500 |

### Session 2

| Position | Team | | | | | Total |
| 1 | Alabama Crimson Tide | 49.550 | 48.775 | 48.475 | 49.525 | 196.325 |
| 2 | Utah Red Rocks | 49.000 | 49.150 | 48.875 | 48.975 | 196.000 |
| 3 | Oregon State Beavers | 49.250 | 49.025 | 48.700 | 48.725 | 195.700 |
| 4 | Arizona Wildcats | 48.775 | 49.400 | 47.900 | 49.050 | 195.125 |
| 5 | Florida Gators | 49.150 | 48.875 | 48.475 | 48.325 | 194.825 |
| 6 | Stanford Cardinal | 48.500 | 48.475 | 48.475 | 48.575 | 194.025 |

### Super Six

| Position | Team | | | | | Total |
| 1 | Alabama Crimson Tide | 49.775 | 49.475 | 49.150 | 49.625 | 198.025 |
| 2 | UCLA Bruins | 49.450 | 49.250 | 49.500 | 49.275 | 197.475 |
| 3 | Georgia Gym Dogs | 49.675 | 49.575 | 49.400 | 49.125 | 196.775 |
| 3 | Utah Red Rocks | 49.250 | 49.200 | 49.150 | 49.175 | 196.775 |
| 5 | Oregon State Beavers | 49.475 | 49.175 | 48.925 | 48.950 | 196.525 |
| 6 | Michigan Wolverines | 49.300 | 49.000 | 48.975 | 49.100 | 196.375 |
# John Russell Hind

John Russell Hind FRS FRSE LLD (12 May 1823 – 23 December 1895) was an English astronomer.

## Life and work

John Russell Hind was born in 1823 in Nottingham, the son of lace manufacturer John Hind and Elizabeth Russell, and was educated at Nottingham High School. At age 17 he went to London to serve an apprenticeship as a civil engineer, but through the help of Charles Wheatstone he left engineering to accept a position at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich under George Biddell Airy. Hind remained there from 1840 to 1844, at which time he succeeded W. R. Dawes as director of the private George Bishop's Observatory. In 1853 Hind became Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac, a position he held until 1891.
Hind is notable for being one of the early discoverers of asteroids. He also discovered and observed the variable stars R Leporis (also known as Hind's Crimson Star), U Geminorum, and T Tauri (also called Hind's Variable Nebula), and discovered the variability of μ Cephei. Hind discovered Nova Ophiuchi 1848 (V841 Ophiuchi), the first object of its type discovered since 1670.
Hind's naming of the asteroid 12 Victoria caused some controversy. At the time, asteroids were not supposed to be named after living persons. Hind somewhat disingenuously claimed that the name was not a reference to Queen Victoria, but the mythological figure Victoria.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1863 and President of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1880.
He died in 1895 in Twickenham, London. Hind had married Fanny Fuller in 1846; he and his wife had six children.
Asteroids discovered: 10 :
| 7 Iris | 13 August 1847 | MPC |
| 8 Flora | 18 October 1847 | MPC |
| 12 Victoria | 13 September 1850 | MPC |
| 14 Irene | 19 May 1851 | MPC |
| 18 Melpomene | 24 June 1852 | MPC |
| 19 Fortuna | 22 August 1852 | MPC |
| 22 Kalliope | 16 November 1852 | MPC |
| 23 Thalia | 15 December 1852 | MPC |
| 27 Euterpe | 8 November 1853 | MPC |
| 30 Urania | 22 July 1854 | MPC |

## Honours and legacy

* Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1853)
* Fellow of the Royal Society (1863)
* The crater Hind on the Moon
* Asteroid 1897 Hind. Details: MPC
* Comets C/1847 C1 (Hind) and C/1846 O1 (de Vico-Hind).
* Hind's Crimson Star – The red-giant variable star R Leporis
* Hind's Variable Nebula – A reflection nebula in Taurus, also known as NGC 1555, associated with the young, irregular variable star T Tauri.
# Kō Bun'yū

Kō Bun'yū (Japanese: 黄文雄; 1938 – 2024), also known as Huang Wenxiong (Chinese: 黃文雄; pinyin: Huáng Wénxióng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: N̂g Bûn-hiông), was a controversial Taiwanese author, resident in Japan, who is well known for his staunch anti-Mainland Chinese stance and for penning a number of highly controversial books about Chinese, Japanese and Korean history and culture.
Kō was a visiting professor at Takushoku University. His works often assert that Taiwan and Korea owe their present-day successes, and much of their culture, to Japan.
In addition, Kō was an advisor to the Society for the Restoration of Sovereignty (Shukenkaifuku wo mezasukai) and a councilor of the World Strategic Research Institute (a think tank affiliated with the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (formerly the Unification Church)).
Kō died in July 2024 at the age of 85. His death was announced on 26 August 2024, on Facebook by Chen Chung-guang, chairman of the Taiwan Independence Federation. Taiwanese mass media reported Ko bunyu's death, but Japanese mass media did not report it at all.

## Books by Kō

* The ugly Chinaman (Japanese: 醜い中国人; Minikui Chūgoku-jin)
* The fabricated history of Japan (捏造された日本史; Netsuzō sareta Nihon-shi)
* Japan - falling into the trap of Sinocentrism (中華思想の罠に嵌った日本; Chūka shisō no wana ni hamatta Nihon)
* The Japanese people's virtue which has been erased from history - About this country's "Inheritance of the Spirit" which is now being revived (歴史から消された日本人の美徳―今蘇るこの国の"心の遺産"とは; Rekishi kara kesareta Nihon-jin no bitoku - Ima yomigaeru kono kuni no "kokoro no isan" to wa)
* The curse of Sinocentrism lurking within Chinese character culture (漢字文明にひそむ中華思想の呪縛; Kanji bunmei ni hisomu Chūka shisō no jubaku)
* South Korea was built by the Japanese (韓国は日本人がつくった; Kankoku wa Nihon-jin ga tsukutta)
* Taiwan was built by the Japanese people (台湾は日本人がつくった; Taiwan wa Nihon-jin ga tsukutta)
* The Bushido spirit bequeathed to Taiwan by the Japanese people (日本人が台湾に遺した武士道精神; Nihon-jin ga Taiwan ni nokoshita Bushidō seishin)
* The unknown truth about the Second Sino-Japanese War (日中戦争知られざる真実; Nicchū Sensō no shirarezaru shinjitsu)
* The inheritance of Manchukuo (満州国の遺産; Manshūkoku no isan)
* How the Chinese are taking advantage of Japanese confusion (つけあがるな中国人うろたえるな日本人; Tsukeagaru na Chūgoku-jin urotaeru na Nihon-jin)
* How far will China continue to crack? (どこまで中国に喰われ続けるのか; Doko made Chūgoku ni kuware-tsuzukeru no ka)
* 7 reasons why China cannot prevail over Japan even if it dies trying (中国が死んでも日本に勝てない7つの理由; Chūgoku ga shinde mo Nihon ni katenai nanatsu no riyū)
Kō also provided the script for the manga An Introduction to China: A Study of Our Bothersome Neighbors (マンガ中国入門 やっかいな隣人の研究; Manga Chūgoku nyūmon: Yakkai na rinjin no kenkyū).
# 2025 Kostroma Oblast gubernatorial election

The 2025 Kostroma Oblast gubernatorial election will take place on 14 September 2025, on common election day, coinciding with 2025 Kostroma Oblast legislative election. Incumbent Governor of Kostroma Oblast Sergey Sitnikov is eligible to run for a fourth term in office.

## Background

Then-Roskomnadzor head Sergey Sitnikov was appointed acting Governor of Kostroma Oblast in April 2012, replacing highly unpopular first-term incumbent Igor Slyunyayev. Sitnikov was unanimously confirmed as Governor of Kostroma Oblast by Kostroma Oblast Duma two weeks later. Sitnikov triggered an early gubernatorial election in 2015 and ran for a second term as United Russia candidate despite being officially an Independent. Governor Sitnikov won the election with 65.62% of the vote. In 2020 Sitnikov ran for a third term as United Russia candidate and won re-election with 64.65% of the vote.
Initially Governor of Kostroma Oblast was limited for just two consecutive terms so Sitnikov would have been term-limited in 2025 (his 2012–2015 term was reseted). However, in December 2021 "On Common Principles of Organisation of Public Authority in the Subjects of the Russian Federation" law was enacted, which lifted term limits for Russian governors. Kostroma Oblast followed suit and lifted the restrictions, which allowed Sitnikov to seek another term in 2025.
Sitnikov was viewed as a potential candidate for replacement as governor prior to the 2025 election. Several reasons were named for Sitnikov's potential resignation, including his long tenure in office, lack of significant achievements and low support from federal elites. Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Vladislav Davankov was viewed as potential replacement for Sitnikov, however, reports in February 2025 stated that Sitnikov is likely to seek a fourth term in office due to lack of major failures of his administration.

## Candidates

In Kostroma Oblast candidates for Governor of Kostroma Oblast can be nominated only by registered political parties. Candidate for Governor of Kostroma Oblast should be a Russian citizen and at least 30 years old. Candidates for Governor of Kostroma Oblast should not have a foreign citizenship or residence permit. Each candidate in order to be registered is required to collect at least 8% of signatures of members and heads of municipalities. Also gubernatorial candidates present 3 candidacies to the Federation Council and election winner later appoints one of the presented candidates.

### Potential

* Sergey Sitnikov (United Russia), incumbent Governor of Kostroma Oblast (2012–present)
* Nikolay Tsvil (SR–ZP), Member of Kostroma Oblast Duma (2020–present)
# Patrick Nisbet, Lord Eastbank

Patrick Nisbet, Lord Eastbank (1565–1648) was a long-lived 17th century Scottish landowner, judge and Senator of the College of Justice.

## Life

He was the son of Henry Nisbet of Dean, Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1597, and his wife, Jonet Bannatyne. He was presumably therefore born in Dean House, just west of Edinburgh.
He trained as a lawyer and practiced as an advocate in Edinburgh. In 1613 he purchased a tenement on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh from his half brother, James Nisbet, a burgess in the city.
He owned at estate at Eastbank (location unknown) and also Dryden House near Pathhead in Midlothian.
In November 1636 he was elected a Senator of the College of Justice (Lord of Session) replacing Lord Newhall who had died.
He was knighted in 1638 by the Marquis of Hamilton. He was forced to resign as a Senator (with three others) in 1641 for crimes libelled against them.
He wrote a will in 1647 and is said to have died on 4 January 1648. There is no specific record of his burial place, but it is likely he is buried with his parents and grandparents in the crypt of St Cuthbert's Church, Edinburgh.
It is noted that in 1669 a Patrick Nisbet of Dean purchased a baronetcy in Nova Scotia.
His birthplace, Dean House, was demolished in 1842 to create Dean Cemetery.

## Family

He married Jean Arthur in June 1608. They had four children including John Nisbet, Lord Dirleton.
His older brother William Nisbet of Dean was Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1616. His other brother was James Nisbet of Restalrig.
# Identity provider

An identity provider (abbreviated IdP or IDP) is a system entity that creates, maintains, and manages identity information for principals and also provides authentication services to relying applications within a federation or distributed network. Identity providers offer user authentication as a service. Relying party applications, such as web applications, outsource the user authentication step to a trusted identity provider. Such a relying party application is said to be federated, that is, it consumes federated identity.
An identity provider is “a trusted provider that lets you use single sign-on (SSO) to access other websites.” SSO enhances usability by reducing password fatigue. It also provides better security by decreasing the potential attack surface.
Identity providers can facilitate connections between cloud computing resources and users, thus decreasing the need for users to re-authenticate when using mobile and roaming applications.

## Types of identity providers
### OpenID provider

OpenID Connect (OIDC) is an identity layer on top of OAuth. In the domain model associated with OIDC, an identity provider is a special type of OAuth 2.0 authorization server. Specifically, a system entity called an OpenID Provider issues JSON-formatted identity tokens to OIDC relying parties via a RESTful HTTP API.

### SAML identity provider

The Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is a set of profiles for exchanging authentication and authorization data across security domains. In the SAML domain model, an identity provider is a special type of authentication authority. Specifically, a SAML identity provider is a system entity that issues authentication assertions in conjunction with an SSO profile of SAML. A relying party that consumes these authentication assertions is called a SAML service provider.
# Pei Ziye

Pei Ziye (裴子野, 471–532) was a Chinese historian of the southern Liang dynasty; he lived through the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties. He was the grandson of another historian, Pei Yin (裴駰), a son of the famous historian Pei Songzhi.

## Childhood

Pei Ziye's mother Lady Wei died when he was born, and he was brought up by his grandmother Lady Yin. When Pei was nine (by East Asian reckoning), Lady Yin died; in his sorrow, Pei cried until he had blood in his tears.

## Theory on origin of the Hephthalites

Pei Ziye is, among other things, known for making a mistaken conjecture about the origin of the Hephthalites, who just sent an embassy at the Chinese court of the Liang dynasty in 516 CE, saying that they may be descendants of the Jushi based on a false etymology. This account appears in Pei Ziye's biography in Liangshu (Volume 30):
   是時西北徼外有白題及滑國，遣使由岷山道入貢。此二國歷代弗賓，莫知所出。子野曰：「漢潁陰侯斬胡白題將一人。服虔《注》云：『白題，胡名也。』又漢定遠侯擊虜，八滑從之，此其後乎。」時人服其博識。 During this period, there were beyond the Northwestern frontier, the states of Boti and Hua, who sent envoys through the mountain road of the Min (river, in Sichuan) to offer tribute. These two states had not been guests of the successive dynasties, their origin was unknown. Ziye said: "There was Baiti, a hu general who was killed by Marquis Yingyin of Han. Fu Qian's commentary to the Hanshu says: 'Baiti is a hu name'. Moreover, it is known that the Marquis Dingyuan was accompanied by Bahua when attacking the Barbarians, so perhaps these two states are their descendants." His contemporaries admired his wide knowledge.
In effect, many foreign embassies visited the Chinese court at that time, and particularly three Hephthalite (Hua) ambassadors are known, who visited in 516–520 CE, and are described in the Portraits of Periodical Offering.
The Emperor then ordered Pei Ziye to write an illustrated account of foreign embassies, Fangguoshitu (方國使圖), which may have been the basis for the original Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang, and the Hephthalites account of the Liangshu (Volume 54), and this account again mentioned Pei Ziye's wrong conjectural etymology.

## Summary of Song

Another of Pei Ziye's achievements was his distillation of Shen Yue's Book of Song (《宋书》) into a more succinct version, Summary of Song (《宋略》); after reading Summary of Song, Shen was recorded to have said, "This is a standard which I cannot reach."

## Ancestors

Pei Ziye is a member of the Pei clan of Hedong (河东裴氏). His father is Pei Zhaoming (裴昭明; fl.460 - 502), son of Pei Yin, son of Pei Songzhi. Pei Songzhi's father is Pei Gui (裴圭), son of Pei Mei (裴昧). Pei Mei's great-grandfather is Pei Kang (裴康). Pei Kang, along with his older brother Pei Li (裴黎), and younger brothers Pei Kai (裴楷) and Pei Chuo (裴绰) were famous during their time and were known as the "4 Peis".
# Madrigal (poetry)

Madrigal (Italian: madrigale) is the name of a form of poetry, the exact nature of which has never been decided in English.
Definition and Characteristics
The New English Dictionary defines a madrigal as "a short lyrical poem of amatory character", but this definition is broad and not entirely accurate. Madrigals can be long, and often deal with themes other than love.
The most notable English collection of madrigals not set to music was published by William Drummond of Hawthornden (1585–1649) in his 1616 Poems. Here is an example
   The Beauty and the Life, Of Lifes, and Beauties fairest Paragon, (O Teares! ô Griefe!) hang at a feeble Thread, To which pale Atropos had set her Knife, The Soul with many a Grone Had left each outward Part, And now did take his last Leaue of the Heart, Nought else did want, save Death, euen to be dead: When the afflicted Band about her Bed (Seeing so faire him come in Lips, Cheekes, Eyes) Cried ah! and can Death enter Paradise?
This madrigals exemplifies the serious tone and irregular structure typical of Drummond's work, which includes about eighty such pieces.
Madrigal in French Literature
They are serious, brief, irregular lyrics, in which neither the amatory nor the complimentary tone is by any means obligatory. Some of these pieces contain as few as six lines, one as many as fourteen, but they average from nine to eleven. In the majority of examples, the little poem opens with a line of six syllables, and no line extends beyond ten syllables. The madrigal appears to be a short canzone of the Tuscan type, but less rigidly constructed. In French the madrigal has not this Italian character. It is simply a short piece of verse, ingenious in its turn and of a gallant tendency. The idea of compliment is essential. J. F. Guichard (1730–1811) writes: "Orgon, poke marital, A Venus compare sa femme; C'est pour la belle un madrigal, C'est pour Venus une epigramme."
This quatrain emphasizes the fact that in French a madrigal is a trifling piece of erotic compliment, neatly turned, but not seriously meant. The credit of inventing the old French verse form of madrigal belongs to Clément Marot, and one of his may be quoted in contrast to that of Drummond:
   Un doux nenni avec un doux sourire  Est tant honneste, il le vous faut apprendre; Quant est de oui, si veniez à le dire,  D'avoir trop dit je voudrois vous reprendre;  Non que je sois ennuyé d'entreprendre D'avoir le fruit dont le désir me point;  Mais je voudrois qu'en ne le laissant prendre,  Vous me disiez: vous ne l'aurez point.
In English, when the word first occurred — it has not been traced further back than 1588 (in the preface to Nicholas Yonge's Musica transalpina) — it was identified with the chief form of secular vocal music in the 16th century. In 1741, John Immyns (1700–1764) founded the Madrigal Society, which met in an ale-house in Bride Lane, Fleet Street; this association still exists, and is the oldest musical society in Europe.
The word "madrigal" is frequently also used to designate a sentimental or trifling expression in a half-contemptuous sense.