OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kreuznach Conference

The Kreuznach Conference refers to a series of conferences held in 1917 in Bad Kreuznach, then the headquarters of the Oberste Heeresleitung (OHL), the German Supreme Army Command.
The first Kreuznach Conference, held on April 23, 1917, brought together the political and military leaders of the Reich to define the war aims of the Reich, which was then occupying a significant portion of Europe.
The second conference, held between May 17 and 18, 1917, was a meeting between the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, and the Austrian Emperor, King of Hungary Charles. This was the first meeting between the two leaders since the enthronement of the Austro-Hungarian monarch on November 22, 1916. The objective of this conference was to establish a unified framework for the Central Powers' policy.
The third conference, held on August 9, 1917, had the objective of defining German policy towards the dual monarchy in the wake of the publication of the Papal Note of August 1. The fourth conference, convened on October 7, 1917, sought to define a new program of war aims. The final conference, held on December 19, 1917, focused on redefining the Reich's Eastern policy.
# Karen Ulane

Karen Frances Ulane (December 10, 1941 – May 22, 1989) was an American airline pilot who was dismissed by Eastern Airlines after undergoing sex reassignment surgery in 1980. The case Ulane v. Eastern Airlines became the federal legal precedent for transsexual legal status under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

## Life and career

Ulane was born in Chicago, Illinois and graduated from St. Ignatius College Prep. Ulane joined the United States Army and flew combat missions in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968, then became a pilot for Eastern Airlines. Following employment with Eastern Airlines, Ulane transitioned and changed her legal name in April 1980.
T.R. Buttion, the Senior Vice President of Flight Operations presented her with a letter of termination on April 24, 1981, that read, "It is our belief that the controversial nature of the operation you have undergone will detract from and prevent any flight crew of which you are a part of from operating in the integrated, coordinated fashion that is necessary to attain the highest degree of safety." The letter also noted that other Eastern pilots would refuse to fly with her.
Ulane filed a discrimination charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission which resulted in the civil case, Ulane v. Eastern Airlines. In her case against Eastern Airlines, Ulane reported coping with gender dysphoria from the age of 5 or 6. U.S. District Judge John F. Grady ruled in her favor, ordering her reinstatement and $158,590 in back pay. Eastern appealed the ruling and it was overturned in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and in 1985, the U.S. Supreme Court let the appellate ruling stand. According to her attorney, Ulane ultimately received a settlement from the airlines that was "substantially more" than the amount ordered by judge Grady.
Ulane died in the crash of a chartered DC-3 she was piloting on a training flight, approximately five miles southwest of DeKalb, Illinois on May 22, 1989. Two others also died in the crash.

### Legacy

The case Ulane v. Eastern Airlines set legal precedent in the United States that transgender identities did not fall under the protection of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a standing which remained for decades.
# Kimiko Jinnai

Kimiko Jinnai (born 12 March 1964) is a Japanese badminton player, born in Yatsushiro, Kumamoto. She competed in women's doubles with team mate Hisako Mori at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
# Szydłówko

Szydłówko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mogilno, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Battery Park (Burlington, Vermont)

Battery Park is a public park overlooking Lake Champlain at the western end of downtown Burlington, Vermont. The park includes a bandshell, a playground, and various monuments, including a bronze statue of Civil War veteran General William W. Wells, and a red oak sculpture of Chief Gray Lock, a veteran of Gray Lock's War. Locally, it is popular for its wide, sweeping views of Lake Champlain.

## History

The park was named for the artillery stationed there by American forces during the War of 1812. On August 13, 1813, American gunners, aided by the USS President, successfully defended their position against an attack by a British squadron led by Lt Colonel John Murray.
The park land was deeded to the City of Burlington in 1870, and the Battery Park Extension was added to the southern end in 1972.

## Trivia

* Because of its unobstructed view high above Burlingon's harbor, Battery Park is a very popular spot for observers of the Independence Day fireworks launched from a barge in the bay.
* According to noted author Rudyard Kipling (The Jungle Book), Battery Park has one of the two finest sunset views in the world, with the other location being Kenya’s Ngong Hills.
# Concert Noble

The Concert Noble is a ballroom built by Hendrik Beyaert in Brussels, Belgium. It is located in the Leopold Quarter, at 82, rue d'Arlon/Aarlenstraat, between the Rue Belliard/Belliardstraat and the Rue de la Loi/Wetsraat.

## History

The Concert Noble Society was founded in 1785 by Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, and her husband Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen, whose portraits hang in the building. The current building was constructed under King Leopold II in 1873. The ornate rooms are decorated with several portraits of the Belgian royal family.
In the final decades of the 20th century, the rooms were listed as protected heritage and restored in their original style. The rooms can still be rented for private social events.

## Use

The rooms are famous as the setting for balls attended by the Belgian, Austrian and Hungarian nobility. The Belgian elite often prefer to hold their society events in this old ball room. The rooms are also sometimes used for international meetings. In 2016, then-United States Secretary of State John Kerry used the rooms for a lecture.
# Constantine B. Kilgore

Constantine Buckley Kilgore (February 20, 1835 – September 23, 1897) was a U.S. Representative from Texas.

## Early life and Confederate Army service

Constantine Buckley "Buck" Kilgore was born on February 20, 1835, in Newnan, Georgia. In 1846, his family moved to Rusk County, Texas, where Kilgore attended school. He also studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Rusk County, Texas. During the Civil War, Kilgore entered the Confederate States Army as a private and by 1862 attained the rank of adjutant general of Matthew Ector's brigade in the Army of the Tennessee. During the war he was wounded during the Battle of Chickamauga and was captured. He was a prisoner of war for the rest of the war.

## Political career

Kilgore was elected Justice of the Peace in 1869. In 1872 the city of Kilgore, Texas was named in his honor after the International–Great Northern Railroad acquired land for a depot. He served as a member of the Texas Constitutional convention in 1875 and was elected to the Texas Senate in 1884 for a term of four years. He was voted president of that body in 1885 for two years. He resigned from the State senate in 1886 after winning an election to Congress.
Kilgore was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1895). When House Speaker Thomas Brackett Reed attempted to end the "silent filibuster" in 1890, a process by which the minority party could stop House business by calling quorums but then not answering when their names were called, Reed ended the process by directing the House Clerk to record those not answering to their names when the roll was called as present but not voting. Kilgore famously attempted to avoid being counted by kicking through a locked door to escape the House chamber.
In 1895, President Grover Cleveland appointed Kilgore judge for the southern district of the United States Court for the Indian Territory. He served from March 20, 1895 until his death in Ardmore, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) on September 23, 1897. Kilgore was interred at White Rose Cemetery, Wills Point, Texas.
# Brendan Krummel

Brendan Alan Krummel (born 24 June 1972) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for West Coast, Fremantle and Hawthorn in the AFL.
A West Australian, Krummel started his league career with the West Coast Eagles but struggled to get game time due to the strength of the club in the early 1990s. In three seasons at the club he played just 9 games and decided to join Fremantle for their inaugural season in 1995. He played in Fremantle's first ever AFL game in round one but injuries ensured that it would be his only game for the Dockers.
Krummel made a move to Victoria in 1996 after being selected at pick 5 in the draft by Hawthorn, reuniting with Ken Judge, his former coach at East Fremantle. He played both forward and back but was again hampered by injuries.
in 1999 in a game against the Kangaroos he was on the receiving end of one of the greatest hip and shoulder bumps of all time, dished out by the then rampaging Byron Pickett. This hit lead to a rule change from the AFL about front on contact.
After 64 games with the Hawks he announced his retirement during the 2000 season.
# Battle of Athens State Historic Site

Battle of Athens State Historic Site is an historic battlefield and state park located in Clark County, Missouri, along the banks of the Des Moines River. It is the site of the Battle of Athens, fought in 1861 during the American Civil War. The site serves as an open-air museum interpreting the battle and its aftermath. It is one of the northernmost places in the state.

## History

The once-thriving river village of Athens, Missouri, had up to fifty businesses and a large mill in antebellum times. In July 1861, it was occupied by pro-Union forces of the Missouri Home Guard. Wanting to seize the strategically important village for the Confederacy, elements of the pro-Southern Missouri State Guard attacked on August 5, 1861. Despite being outnumbered more than three-to-one, the Home Guard emerged victorious. A small action when compared to other battles, with casualties light, it nonetheless holds the distinction of being the northernmost Civil War battle fought west of the Mississippi River.
Following the battle, many bitter feelings remained among residents. This along with the coming of railroads and less reliance on river shipping sealed the fate of Athens. By the turn of the 20th century Athens was a veritable ghost town. In 1962, remaining area residents worked together to create the Battle of Athens Park, which was donated to the state of Missouri in 1975.

## Activities and amenities

In addition to interpretive programs and free tours of the Thome-Benning House, the site offers facilities for camping and fishing plus three picnicking areas and two hiking trails.
# Trams in Bochum/Gelsenkirchen

The Bochum/Gelsenkirchen tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Bochum/Gelsenkirchen) is a network of tramways focused on Bochum and Gelsenkirchen, two cities in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Opened in 1894 in Bochum and in 1895 in Gelsenkirchen, the network is operated by the Bochum-Gelsenkirchener Straßenbahnen AG (BOGESTRA), and integrated in the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR). It also serves the neighbouring towns of Hattingen, Herne and Witten.

## Lines

As of December 2019, the following nine tram lines are operated exclusively by BOGESTRA:
| Line | Route | Stations (underground) | Comments |
| 301 | Gelsenkirchen Hbf – Bismarck – Buer – Horst | 34 (7) | |
| 302 | Gelsenkirchen-Buer Rathaus – Gelsenkirchen Hbf – Bochum Hbf – Laer Mitte (– O-Werk) – Langendreer Bf | 44 (7) | Normally every second train terminates via the new connection to O-Werk, the others continue to Langendreer |
| 305 | Bochum-Höntrop Kirche – Bochum Hbf – Laer Mitte – Langendreer Bf | 25 (4) | |
| 306 | Wanne-Eickel Hbf – Bochum Hbf | 21 (1) | Also operates as a Night Express. |
| 308 | Bochum-Gerthe Schürbankstraße – Bochum Hbf – Weitmar – Linden – Hattingen Mitte | 38 (4) | |
| 309 | Langendreer Bf – Witten Papenholz – Witten Rathaus – Heven Dorf | 14 (0) | |
| 310 | Bochum-Höntrop Kirche – Bochum Hbf – Langendreer Markt – Witten Papenholz – Witten Rathaus – Heven Dorf | 39 (4) | |
| 316 | Wanne-Eickel Hbf – Bochum Hbf – Bochum-Gerthe Heinrichstraße | 31 (2) | |
| 318 | Bochum-Gerthe Schürbankstraße – Bochum Hbf – Weitmar – Linden – Dahlhausen Bf. | 32 (4) | Also operates as a Night Express. |
In addition, a tenth tram line serves the BOGESTRA region:
| Line | Route | Stations | Comments |
| 107 | Gelsenkirchen Hbf – Feldmark – Trabrennbahn – Essen-Katernberg – Zeche Zollverein – Essen Hbf – Bredeney | 34 | Operated by Ruhrbahn for most of the week. Only 11 stations in BOGESTRA area. |
This line, which is operated by the Ruhrbahn for most of the week, has its northernmost 11 stations in the BOGESTRA transit area. Early on Saturday mornings, it is operated by BOGESTRA, and runs between Gelsenkirchen Hbf and Trabrennbahn only.

## Rolling stock

The tram network currently operates a fleet of 95 Variobahn trams (by Stadler Rail). The type NF6D (made by DÜWAG and similar to the R1.1 cars of Bonn tramway's system) and type M high-floor articulated trams (also from DÜWAG) have been retired by 2021 and were replaced by the Variobahns.
The Stadtbahn line uses a separate fleet of high-floor Stadtbahnwagen B and Tango trains. It is not connected to the low-floor network and therefore trams on one system cannot operate on the other.
# Elizaveta Aleksandrova

Elizaveta Sergeevna Alexandrova (born 5 February 1994) is a retired Russian rhythmic gymnast. She was a junior group European Champion in 2009.

## Personal life

Elizaveta is married to former basketball player Aleksey Savrasenko. They had a son in 2021 and another in 2023.

## Biography

Aleksandrova grew up training with Irina Mikhailenko. In 2008, at the Russian Championships in Dmitrov, she took third place in the team category and was invited by IrinaViner-Usmanova to the selections for the Russian junior grouo. From 2008 to 2010 Elizaveta was part of the national junior group under the guidance of Tatyana Sergaeva.
In 2009 she won gold overall at the World Cups in Budapest and Portimão. In May she competed at the European Championships in Baku along Olga Ilina, Daria Izotova, Valeria Kartasheva, Ekaterina Mokhnatkina and Olga Raspopina. They won All-Around gold in the junior groups competition. After that achievement she was awarded the title of International Master of Sport.
In 2011, as a member of the team from the Southern Federal District, she ranked 4th at the Russian Championships in the team category. She retired in 2013 because of a relapse of a serious injury she got after the Euros in 2009.
After finishing her racing career, she leads sports camps and masterclasses in Russia. She also worked at the State Museum of Sport at the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation.
In 2020 Elizaveta graduated in International Sports Management and Marketing at the Higher School of Economics.
# Mikulin AM-39

The Mikulin AM-39 was a 1940s Soviet aircraft piston engine. Representing a high-output version of the AM-35A, AM-39 was used on the Mikoyan-Gurevich I-220 and Polikarpov ITP fighters, and the Tupolev SDB bomber.

## Specifications (AM-39FN)

Data from Kotelnikov

### General characteristics

* Type: 12-cylinder 60° Vee aircraft piston engine
* Bore: 160 mm (6.30 in)
* Stroke: 190mm/196.7mm (7.48 in/7.744 in) different between right and left cylinder bank due to articulated connecting rods
* Displacement: 46.66 L (2,847 in³)
* Dry weight: 970 kg (2,138 lb)

### Components

* Supercharger: Two-speed centrifugal type supercharger with aftercooler
* Fuel system: Direct injection
* Cooling system: Liquid-cooled

### Performance

* Power output: 1,588 kW (2,130 hp)
* Specific power: 34 kW/L (0.75 hp/in³)
# Dinar

The dinar (/dɪˈnɑːr/) is the name of the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic دينار (dīnār), which was borrowed via the Syriac dīnarā from the Latin dēnārius.
The modern gold dinar is a projected bullion gold coin, and as of 2019 is not issued as an official currency by any state.

## History

The modern dinar's historical antecedents are the gold dinar and the silver dirham, the main coin of the medieval Islamic empires, first issued in AH 77 (696–697 AD) (Late Antiquity) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The word "dinar" derives from the Latin word "dēnārius," a silver coin of ancient Rome, which was first minted about c. 211 BC.
The Kushan Empire introduced a gold coin known as the dīnāra in India in the 1st century AD; the Gupta Empire and its successors up to the 6th century adopted the coin.
The 8th century English king Offa of Mercia minted copies of Abbasid dinars struck in 774 by Caliph Al-Mansur with "Offa Rex" centred on the reverse. The moneyer likely had no understanding of Arabic as the Arabic text contains many errors. Such coins may have been produced for trade with Islamic Spain. These coins are called a Mancus, which is also derived from the Arabic language.

## Legal tender
### Countries with current usage

Countries currently using a currency called "dinar" or similar:
| Countries | Currency | ISO 4217 code |
| Algeria | Algerian dinar | DZD |
| Bahrain | Bahraini dinar | BHD |
| Iraq | Iraqi dinar | IQD |
| Jordan | Jordanian dinar | JOD |
| Kuwait | Kuwaiti dinar | KWD |
| Libya | Libyan dinar | LYD |
| North Macedonia | Macedonian denar | MKN (1992–1993) MKD (1993−present) |
| Serbia | Serbian dinar | RSD CSD (2003–2006) |
| Tunisia | Tunisian dinar | TND |

#### As a subunit

* 1⁄100 of the Iranian rial

### Countries with former usage

Countries and regions which have previously used a currency called "dinar" in the 20th century:
| Countries | Currency | ISO 4217 code | Used | Replaced by |
| Abu Dhabi | Bahraini dinar | BHD | 1966–1973 | United Arab Emirates Dirham |
| Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar | BAD | 1992–1998 | Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark |
| Cornwall | Cornish Dynar | CD | 900 – 1960: | GBP |
| Croatia | Croatian dinar | HRD | 1991–1994 | Croatian kuna |
| Iran | Iranian rial was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars | Iranian rial was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars | Iranian rial was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars | Iranian rial was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars |
| South Yemen | Yemeni dinar | YDD | 1965–1990 | Yemeni rial |
| Yemen | Yemeni dinar | YDD | 1990–1996 | Yemeni rial |
| Sudan | Sudanese dinar | SDD | 1992–2007 | Sudanese pound |
| Kingdom of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia | Yugoslav dinar | YUF (1945–1965) YUD (1965–1989) YUN (1990–1992) YUR (1992–1993) YUO (1993) YUG (1994) YUM (1994–2003) | 1918–2003 | Serbian dinar |
# Lollipop (musical)

Lollipop is a musical comedy in three acts with book by Zelda Sears, lyrics by Sears and Walter De Leon, and music by Vincent Youmans. The show was produced by Henry W. Savage at the Knickerbocker Theatre, and opened January 21, 1924.
It was staged by Ira Hands, choreographed by Bert French, John Tiller, and Mary Read, costume design by Schneider-Anderson Company, Bergdorf Goodman, and Finchley, and scenic design by Sheldon K. Viele and William Castle. It ran for 152 performances, closing on May 31, 1924
The cast of included Ada May (Laura Lamb), Zelda Sears (Mrs. Garrity), Nick Long, Jr. (Omar K. Garrity), Adora Andrews (Mrs. Mason), Gloria Dawn (Virginia), Aline McGill (Tessie), Mark Smith (Parkinson), Leonard Ceiley (Don Carlos), and Virginia Smith (Petunia).
The plot concerns Laura Lamb (Ada May), nicknamed “Lollipop” at an orphanage, and still called that even after she is adopted by a rich, catty lady named Mrs. Garrity (Zelda Sears). Laura meets an attractive plumber at the Garrity's, is accused of stealing Mrs. Garrity's purse, from which she is acquitted, and attends a masked ball in costume.
Lollipop was Youmans’ first score without a co-composer. He was teamed with lyricist Zelda Sears, one of the few women lyricists writing for Broadway. When Lollipop opened, Youmans had three shows running simultaneously.
# 1946 in Thailand

The year 1946 was the 165th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the twelfth and last year in the reign of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII), the first year in the reign of Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2489 in the Buddhist Era.

## Incumbents

* King:
** until 9 June: Ananda Mahidol
** starting 9 June: Bhumibol Adulyadej
* Crown Prince: (vacant)
* Prime Minister:
** until 31 January: Seni Pramoj
** 31 January-24 March: Khuang Aphaiwong
** 24 March-23 August: Pridi Banomyong
** starting 23 August: Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
* Supreme Patriarch: Vajirananavongs

## Events
### January

* 1946 Siamese general election

### June

* Murder of Ananda Mahidol
# Péter Piti

Péter Piti (4 June 1935 – 31 January 1978) was a Hungarian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman light heavyweight category at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Szynych

Szynych is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudziądz, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Grudziądz and 43 km (27 mi) north of Toruń.
# Bays Mountain Park

Bays Mountain Park is a 3,750 acres (15.2 km$^2$) nature park and planetarium located on Bays Mountain in Kingsport, Tennessee. Opened in 1971, it features a 44 acre lake, over 40 miles of hiking trails, a nature center with a planetarium theater, fire tower, and animal habitats.
Its nature center and outdoor native animal displays include bobcats, a raptor center and gray wolves, among other exhibits. There is also a herpetarium housing reptiles and amphibians.
The park also features an educational pontoon boat ride attraction that runs through the Bays Mountain Reservoir, called the Barge Ride.
Other activities include hiking, orienteering, mountain biking, camping, and fishing. There is also the Steadman Heritage Farmstead Museum, a 19th-century period living history farm museum.
In 2017, the Pavilion at Lily Pad Cove was added for events rentals and special events and in 2019, 75 extra parking spots were added to alleviate peak season parking issues.
It is the largest city-owned park in Tennessee.

## Wolves of Bays Mountain

Since 1992, Bays Mountain has been home to a pack of gray wolves. The current pack consists of eight wolves, four male and four female. Seven of those came to the park in 2014 and 2015 and the eighth has been there since 2007, making her the oldest wolf in park history.
This is one of the few places a visitor can experience an actual wolf pack dynamic and behavior. Most places only have two or three wolves together.
# George Barclay (Jacobite)

Sir George Barclay (c. 1636–1710) was a Scottish army officer who headed a Jacobite assassination plot against King William II of Scotland in 1696. The plotters intended to ambush the king at Turnham Green in London on returning from a hunting party. The plot was betrayed to the government, and nine members were executed, though Barclay escaped to France.