OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gangue

In mining, gangue (/ɡæŋ/) is the commercially worthless material that surrounds, or is closely mixed with, a wanted mineral in an ore deposit. It is thus distinct from overburden, which is the waste rock or materials overlying an ore or mineral body that are displaced during mining without being processed, and from tailings, which is rock already stripped of valuable minerals.
The separation of valuable mineral from gangue minerals is known as mineral processing, mineral dressing, or ore dressing. It is a necessary, and often significant, aspect of mining. It can be a complicated process, depending on the nature of the minerals involved. For example, galena, an ore of lead, is usually found in large pieces within its gangue, so it does not normally need extensive processing to remove it; but cassiterite, the chief ore mineral of tin, is usually disseminated as very small crystals throughout its gangue, so when it is mined from hard rock, the ore-bearing rock first needs to be crushed very finely, and then has to be subjected to sophisticated processes to separate the ore.
For any particular ore deposit, and at any particular point in time, the concentration of the wanted mineral(s) in the gangue material will determine whether it is commercially viable to mine that deposit. The ease with which the wanted mineral(s) can be separated from gangue minerals also plays an important part. Early mining ventures, having relatively unsophisticated methods, often could not achieve a high degree of separation, so large quantities of minerals found their way into the waste mineral dumps of mines. As the value of a mineral increases, or when new and cheaper means of processing the ore to extract the wanted mineral(s) are introduced, it may become worthwhile to rework such old dumps to retrieve the wanted minerals they still contain.

## Environmental impact of gangue minerals in mine tailings

Gangue minerals, once separated by mineral dressing processes of (most of) the valuable ore minerals and dumped in mine tailings may be a significant environmental impact. In particular, oxidation of pyrite, a common gangue mineral, is one of the main sources of acid mine drainage.

## Re-use

Minerals that were once thought of as gangue, and were dumped, may later find a commercial use. When this happens, the old dumps are often reworked to extract the wanted mineral. For example, in copper mines in the nineteenth century the mineral arsenopyrite was dumped until arsenic compounds became popular as insecticides later in the century.
In the twenty-first century, the use of gangue has been considered from an environmental point of view. For example, in 2002, about 130 million tons of gangue were produced per year from coal mining in China. This, mixed with the 60 million tons of coal mud also produced, could be used for power generation; and the coal mining gangue could be combined with coal fly ash to produce building materials. The estimated cost of such projects would be up to 4 billion yuan, but would be expected to save just over 4 million tons of standard coal per year.
# Lars Fredrik Frøislie

Lars Fredrik Frøislie (born 28 July 1981 in Hønefoss, Norway) is a Norwegian musician. His main instruments are keyboards and drums. He is also a music producer and runs Termo Records together with Jacob Holm-Lupo.
Frøislie mainly uses vintage analog instruments like Mellotron M400, Chamberlin M-1, MiniMoog Model D, Hammond C3, Rhodes MkII, Hohner Clavinet D6, Arp synthesizers, Sequential Circuits Prophet-5, Roland VP-330, Solina String Ensemble, Korg VC-10, Spinet, Upright Piano, Marxophone, Tremoloa and so on.
He is a member of Wobbler, In Lingua Mortua, Tusmørke and White Willow and has done keyboards for various artists such as Xploding Plastix, Finn Coren, Rachel Haden, Shining, Ásmegin, Urgehal, Trollfest, The Opium Cartel and The Electones to name a few.

## Film music

Together with musician and composer Ketil Vestrum Einarsen (Jaga Jazzist, Motorpsycho), Lars Fredrik Frøislie has written music for a number of films for both TV and cinema.

## Selected discography

* 2003: Ásmegin - “Hin vordende sod & sø”
* 2004: White Willow - “Storm Season”
* 2005: Wobbler - “Hinterland”
* 2006: White Willow - “Signal to Noise”
* 2007: In Lingua Mortua - “Bellowing Sea – Racked by Tempest”
* 2008: Xploding Plastix - “Treated timber resists rot”
* 2008: Finn Coren - “I Draumar fær du ”
* 2008: Ásmegin - “Arv”
* 2009: Wobbler - “Afterglow”
* 2009: The Electones - “If you..ll be null i..ll be void”
* 2009: The Opium Cartel - “Night Blooms”
* 2009: Shining - “VI/Klagopsamler”
* 2009: Rhys Marsh and the autumn ghost - “Dulcima”
* 2009: Urgehal - “Iconoclast”
* 2010: Angst Skvadron - “Sweet Poison”
* 2010: In Lingua Mortua - “Salon des Refusés”
* 2011: Trollfest - “En Kvest for den Hellige Gral”
* 2011: Wobbler - ”Rites at Dawn”
* 2011: Shining - “VII/Född Forlorare”
* 2011: White Willow - “Terminal Twilight”
* 2011: Finn Coren - “Mitt hjerte”
* 2012: Furze - “Psych minus space control”
* 2012: Matilda Gressberg – ”A Heart”
* 2012: Tusmørke – ”Underjordisk Tusmørke”
* 2013: Koldbrann – “Vertigo”
* 2013: Shining – “8 ½ – Feberdrömmar i vaket tillstånd”
* 2013: The Opium Cartel – “Ardor”
* 2014: Tusmørke – ”Riset bak speilet”
* 2014: Haakon Ellingsen – ”Orkaner og fuglesang”
* 2017: Wobbler - "From Silence to Somwhere"
* 2017: Tusmørke – "Hinsides"
* 2020: Wobbler - "Dwellers of the Deep"
* 2023: Lars Fredrik Frøislie - "Fire Fortellinger"
* 2023: The Chronicles Of Father Robin - The Songs & Tales of Airoea, Book I
* 2023: The Chronicles Of Father Robin - The Songs & Tales of Airoea, Book II
* 2024: The Chronicles Of Father Robin - The Songs & Tales of Airoea, Book III
# Alfa Romeo Proteo

The Alfa Romeo Protèo concept car was exhibited at the Geneva Motor Show in 1991. It is a 2-door coupé cabriolet with folding roof, featuring a 3.0 liter quad-cam 24-valve (2959 cc), 60 degree V6 coupled with a 5-speed manual transmission, with a top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). The engine used in Protèo produces 260 PS (191 kW; 256 hp). The Protèo uses shortened floorpan used in Alfa Romeo 164 and features four wheel drive and steering. Many of the Protèo's design cues were influenced by the Alfa Romeo 916 series GTV/Spider, which was designed in July 1988. First design sketches by Alberto Bertelli are dated for December 1989. The name Protèo is derived from a Greek deity Proteus. Concept was presented in a dark metallescent red paintwork, that was later included in the Alfa Romeo range as Rosso Proteo.
The prototype is on display at the Alfa Romeo History Museum in Arese, Italy.
# Las Vegas Stallions

Las Vegas Stallions were an American soccer club. They played in the National Premier Soccer League. They were one of the main soccer clubs in Las Vegas, Nevada. Piggott Memorial Stadium was their venue. It has a capacity of 3,000 people. The Las Vegas Stallions withdrew from the NPSL and folded in 2014.

## Year-by-year

| Year | Division | League | Reg. Season | Playoffs | Open Cup |
| 2013 | 4 | NPSL | 6th, West-Southern | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
# Lazarous Kambole

Lazarous Kambole (born 20 January 1994) is a Zambian footballer who plays as a forward for Young Africans and the Zambia national football team.

## Career
### Young Africans

Following his release by Kaizer Chiefs at the end of the 2021–22 season, Kambole joined Tanzanian club Young Africans, signing a two-year deal with the club. In January 2023 he was loaned to ZESCO United for the rest of the season.

### International career
#### International goals

    Scores and results list Zambia's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 14 January 2018 | Stade de Marrakech, Marrakesh, Morocco | Uganda | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2018 African Nations Championship |
| 2. | 22 January 2018 | Stade Mohammed V, Casablanca, Morocco | Namibia | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2018 African Nations Championship |
| 3. | 21 March 2018 | Levy Mwanawasa Stadium, Ndola, Zambia | Zimbabwe | 2–2 | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (5–4 p) | 2018 Four Nations Tournament |
| 4. | 6 June 2018 | Peter Mokaba Stadium, Polokwane, South Africa | Madagascar | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2018 COSAFA Cup |
| 5. | 9 June 2018 | Peter Mokaba Stadium, Polokwane, South Africa | Zimbabwe | 1–1 | 2–4 (a.e.t.) | 2018 COSAFA Cup |
| 6. | 9 June 2018 | Peter Mokaba Stadium, Polokwane, South Africa | Zimbabwe | 2–1 | 2–4 (a.e.t.) | 2018 COSAFA Cup |
| 7. | 23 March 2019 | Heroes National Stadium, Lusaka, Zambia | Namibia | 4–1 | 4–1 | 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
# Léa Catania

Léa Catania (born 8 August 1993) is a French competitor in synchronized swimming who competed in the 2013 World Aquatics Championships.

## Personal

Catania was born on 8 August 1993 in Aix-en-Provence. She attended the famous theatre school Cours Simon. Catania is 160 centimetres (5 ft 3 in) tall and weighs 47 kilograms (100 lb).

## Synchronized swimming

Catania is a synchronized swimmer, starting in the sport when she was eight years old in the team of Pays d'Aix Natation.
In 2012, she won with Iphinoé Davvetas the title of national champion of France in the duet event.
Catania represented France at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in the team event. Her team finished 7th both in the technical routine and free routine.
# Wakkerstroom

Wakkerstroom (Awake Stream) is the second oldest town in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. The town is on the KwaZulu-Natal border, 27 km east of Volksrust and 56 km south-east of Amersfoort.

## History

The settlement was laid out on the farm Gryshoek by Dirk Cornelis (Swart Dirk) Uys (1814–1910), proclaimed in 1859 by President Pretorius, and administered by a village council from 1910. Swart Dirk Uys, who surveyed the property using a 50-yard thong made from an eland he shot on arrival, originally named the town Uysenburg, but the name was changed by the Executive Council of the South African Republic to Marthinus-Wesselstroom, after the president's first names, and also known as Wesselstroom.
In 1904, the name of the town was changed again to Wakkerstroom, meaning "awake stream" or "lively stream", which is an Afrikaans translation of the Zulu name for the river uThaka (English: awake) that flows near the town.
The courthouse, St. Mark's Church, and the old bridge over the river have been declared national monuments. H. Rider Haggard's novel She: A History of Adventure was written while he lived on Hoog Street. The bridge dates to 1893, when it was built under the South African Republic from German steel. South Africa's first black member of the Christ Community Church was baptized by Reverend D. Bryant in 1904.

### First Boer War

Wakkerstroom was occupied by the 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot, the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers), and 1st King's Dragoon Guards in 1880–1881 during the First Boer War. Remains of the Staffordshire and Dragoon encampments can be found on the slopes of the Ossewakop and Voortrekkerkop passes south of town.

### Second Boer War

During the Second Boer War, the British built twenty-one blockhouses between Volksrust and Wakkerstroom and a hundred between Wakkerstroom and Piet Retief, Mpumalanga. The blockhouses were built to guard the British supply lines from Durban.

## Economy

Sheep and cattle farming are the primary industries. Proposed coal mining in the area has raised concerns due to the environmental sensitivity of the region.

## Environment

With the Balele Mountains to the south, the area surrounding the town is mountainous with kloofs, mountain springs, vlei areas, dams, conservation and heritage sites. It is internationally renowned as a "birder's paradise". Due to the high occurrence of high priority wetlands and the proximity to the sources of three rivers, the Vaal, Tugela (via Buffalo tributary) and Pongola, it was declared a National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area. It is also a protected area under the Protected Areas Act, which means that mining is generally not allowed.
The Yzermyn project of Uthaka Energy (Pty) Ltd, a coal-mining company, was put on hold in 2021, after a coalition of civil society organisations objected to mining in one of South Africa's critical water source areas.

## Sources

* Erasmus, B.P.J. (1995). Op Pad in Suid-Afrika. New York: Jonathan Ball. ISBN 1-86842-026-4
* Rosenthal, Eric (1967). Ensiklopedie van Suidelike Afrika. London: Frederick Warne.
# 29th Directors Guild of America Awards

The 29th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in film and television in 1976, were presented in 1977.

## Winners and nominees
### Film

Feature Film :
* John G. Avildsen – Rocky
* Sidney Lumet – Network
* Alan J. Pakula – All the President's Men
* Martin Scorsese – Taxi Driver
* Lina Wertmüller – Seven Beauties |

### Television

Drama Series :
* Glenn Jordan – Family for "Rites of Friendship"
* Bill Bixby – Rich Man, Poor Man Book II for "Chapter III"
* James Cellan Jones – The Adams Chronicles for "Chapter III: John Adams, Diplomat" |
* Comedy Series |
* Alan Alda – M*A*S*H for "Dear Sigmund"
* Hal Cooper – Maude for "Vivian's First Funeral"
* Jay Sandrich – Mary Tyler Moore for "Murray Can't Lose" |
* Musical Variety |
* Tony Charmoli – Shirley Maclaine: Gypsy in My Soul
* Dwight Hemion – The Dorothy Hamill Special
* David Powers – Sills and Burnett at the Met |
* Documentary/News |
* Arthur Bloom – Democratic and Republican National Convention (CBS News)
* Vernon Diamond – In Celebration of U.S. (CBS News)
* Marty Pasetta – 48th Academy Awards |
* Specials/Movies for TV/Actuality |
* Daniel Petrie – Eleanor and Franklin
* Thomas Gries – Helter Skelter
* Dwight Hemion – America Salutes Richard Rodgers: The Sound of His Music |

### Honorary Life Member

* H. C. Potter
# Jobable

Jobable (formerly Hiring Screen) was a Hong Kong–based human capital analytics and software company. The company developed software that used an algorithm and big data to sort and filter résumés and curriculum vitaes for specific skills and keywords, with the goal of aiding human resources departments to efficiently find the best candidate for job openings that had many applicants. In February 2021, Willis Towers Watson acquired the company and hired its staff.

## History

In March 2021, the company was founded by Richard Hanson and Luke Byrne.
In September 2015, the company raised US$800,000 in seed money.
In February 2021, Willis Towers Watson acquired the company and hired its staff.
# Unconsciousness

Unconsciousness is a state in which a living individual exhibits a complete, or near-complete, inability to maintain an awareness of self and environment or to respond to any human or environmental stimulus. Unconsciousness may occur as the result of traumatic brain injury, brain hypoxia (inadequate oxygen, possibly due to a brain infarction or cardiac arrest), severe intoxication with drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system (e.g., alcohol and other hypnotic or sedative drugs), severe fatigue, pain, anaesthesia, and other causes.
Loss of consciousness should not be confused with the notion of the psychoanalytic unconscious, cognitive processes that take place outside awareness (e.g., implicit cognition), and with altered states of consciousness such as sleep, delirium, hypnosis, and other altered states in which the person responds to stimuli, including trance and psychedelic experiences.

## Causes

This is not a complete list.

### Cardiovascular system

* Arrhythmia (irregular heart beat)
* Bleeding
* Cardiac arrest
* Cardiomegaly
* Heart failure (HF) (congestive heart failure (CHF))
* Myocardial infarction (MI) (heart attack)
* Myocarditis
* Pericarditis
* Shock

### Nervous system

* Brain abscess
* Brain tumor
* Encephalitis
* Increased intracranial pressure
* Intracerebral hemorrhage (hemorrhagic stroke)
* Ischemic stroke
* Meningitis
* Seizure
* Subarachnoid hemorrhage
* Traumatic brain injury (TBI) (intracranial injury)

### Respiratory system

* Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
* Choking
* Drowning
* Lung cancer (lung carcinoma)
* Pneumonia
* Pulmonary embolism (PE)
* Respiratory arrest
* Respiratory failure

### Other

* Drugs
* Electrocution
* Kidney failure
* Liver failure
* Poison or venom
* Sepsis

## Law and medicine

In jurisprudence, unconsciousness may entitle the criminal defendant to the defense of automatism, i.e. a state without control of one's own actions, an excusing condition that allows a defendant to argue that they should not be held criminally liable for their actions or omissions. In most countries, courts must consider whether unconsciousness in a situation can be accepted as a defense; it can vary from case to case. Hence epileptic seizures, neurological dysfunctions and sleepwalking may be considered acceptable excusing conditions because the loss of control is not foreseeable, but falling asleep (especially while driving or during any other safety-critical activity) may not, because natural sleep rarely overcomes an ordinary person without warning.
In many countries, it is presumed that someone who is less than fully conscious cannot give consent to anything. This can be relevant in cases of sexual assault, euthanasia, or patients giving informed consent with regard to starting or stopping a medical treatment.
# Richard Hough

Richard Alexander Hough (/haʊ/; 15 May 1922 – 7 October 1999) was a British author and historian specializing in maritime history.

## Personal life

Hough married the author Charlotte Woodyatt, whom he had met when they were pupils at Frensham Heights School, and they had five children, including the author Deborah Moggach, the children's author Sarah Garland, Alexandra Hough, author of the textbook Hough’s Cardio Respiratory Care' and Bryony Driver artist and blacksmith.

## Literary career

Hough won the Daily Express Best Book of the Sea Award in 1972.
After leaving school, he joined the Royal Air Force at the beginning of World War II and received his initial flight training at an airfield not far from Hollywood. He later flew Hurricanes and Typhoons.
He also wrote under the nom de plume Bruce Carter.
Among the 90 books he wrote were:
* Into a Strange Lost World (1952), aka The Perilous Descent into a Strange Lost World
* The Kidnapping of Kensington (1958), aka The Children Who Stayed Behind
* Captain Bligh and Mr. Christian (1972)
* The Deadly Freeze (1976)
* Buzzbugs (1977)
* Angels One Five (1979), aka Wings Against the Sky
* The Fight of the Few (1980), aka The Raging Sky
* The Fight to the Finish (1981), aka Wings of Victory
* Nightworld (1987)

## Bibliography as Richard Hough

* The Fight of the Few, 1979, Cassell ltd, Great Britain
* One Boy's War, Pen and Sword, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84415-690-0
* The Fleet that had to Die
* Admirals in Collision
* Dreadnought: A History of the Modern Battleship
* First Sea Lord: A life of Admiral Lord Fisher
* The Hunting of Force Z
* The Blind Horn's Hate
* Captain Bligh & Mr. Christian
* Louis and Victoria: the First Mountbattens
* Mountbatten: Hero of our Time
* Edwina
* The Pursuit of Admiral von Spee
* The Ace of Clubs: A History of the Garrick
* The Battle of Britain: the Jubilee History (with co-author Denis Richards)
* Winston & Clementine: the Triumphs & Tragedies of the Churchills
* Bless our Ship: Mountbatten and the Kelly
* Other Days Around Me (Autobiography)
* The Great Admirals, William Morrow and Company, New York, 1977 ISBN 0-688-03183-8
* Edward and Alexandra: Their Private and Public Lives, London 1992, Hodder & Stoddart, ISBN 0-340-55825-3.
* The Potemkin Mutiny
* Captain James Cook: A Biography, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1994 ISBN 0-340-82556-1
* The Great War at Sea, Oxford University Press, Oxford - New York, 1983 ISBN 0-19-215871-6
* Buller's Guns
* Buller's Dreadnought
* Buller's Victory
* Sister Agnes: The History of King Edward VII's Hospital for Officers 1899–1999. John Murray, London, 1998 ISBN 0-7195-5561-2

## Bibliography as Bruce Carter

* The Perilous Descent (Children's)
* Speed Six! (Children's)
* Four Wheel Drift (Children's)
* Kidnapping of Kensington (Children's)
* Razor Eyes(Children's)
* Miaow (Children's)
* B Flight (Children's)
# Jun Suzuki (footballer, born 1989)

Jun Suzuki (鈴木 惇, Suzuki Jun, born 22 April 1989) is a Japanese former football player.

## Career statistics

Updated to end of 2018 season.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| 2007 | Avispa Fukuoka | J2 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 0 |
| 2008 | Avispa Fukuoka | J2 League | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 18 | 1 |
| 2009 | Avispa Fukuoka | J2 League | 39 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 41 | 0 |
| 2010 | Avispa Fukuoka | J2 League | 24 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 26 | 1 |
| 2011 | Avispa Fukuoka | J1 League | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
| 2012 | Avispa Fukuoka | J2 League | 36 | 3 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 37 | 3 |
| 2013 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 39 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 41 | 1 |
| 2014 | Tokyo Verdy | J2 League | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 35 | 1 |
| 2015 | Avispa Fukuoka | J2 League | 36 | 9 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 38 | 9 |
| 2016 | Avispa Fukuoka | J1 League | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| 2017 | Oita Trinita | J2 League | 39 | 5 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 39 | 5 |
| 2018 | Avispa Fukuoka | J2 League | 41 | 6 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 42 | 6 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 349 | 28 | 13 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 369 | 28 |
# 1974 John Player Tournament

The 1974 John Player Tournament was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at Devonshire Park in Eastbourne, United Kingdom. The event was part of the Women's International circuit of the 1974 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 17 June through 22 June 1974. First-seeded Chris Evert won the singles title and earned £1,750 ($4,200) first-prize money.

## Finals
### Singles

Chris Evert defeated Virginia Wade 7–5, 6–4
* It was Evert's 9th singles title of the year and the 32nd of her career.

### Doubles

Helen Gourlay / Karen Krantzcke defeated Chris Evert / Olga Morozova 6–2, 6–0
# Flight of the Himalayan Eagle Music Roller Coaster

Flight of the Himalayan Eagle Music Roller Coaster (Chinese: 喜马拉雅雄鹰音乐过山车) is a steel roller coaster located at Happy Valley in Chaoyang, Beijing. Built by Bolliger and Mabillard, it was the first of their "hyper coaster" model to open in China. It includes onboard sound effects and a light system, which interacts with the train as it goes through the layout.

## Characteristics
### Statistics

Flight of the Himalayan Eagle is a custom Bolliger and Mabillard Hyper coaster. Unlike most B&M hyper coasters, it is less than 200 ft tall, only at 157 ft. It reaches a top speed of 59.9 mph in its 3923 ft long layout.

### Layout

Flight of the Himalayan Eagle's layout contains many banked airtime hills over pathways, along with a 450° helix and a splash effect on the side of a lake.