# Hoogezand (electoral district)

Hoogezand was an electoral district of the House of Representatives in the Netherlands from 1897 to 1918.

## Profile

The electoral district of Hoogezand was created in 1897 out of part of the Groningen district, which was reduced from two seats to one. Hoogezand's boundaries remained the same throughout the electoral district's existence. Fully located in the province of Groningen, it included the rural municipalities of Bedum, Haren, Hoogezand, Noorddijk, Slochteren and Ten Boer. It was a predominantly agricultural district.
The district's population increased slightly during its existence, from 37,562 in 1897 to 40,891 in 1909. A majority of 70.5% of the population was Reformed in 1897, though by 1909 this proportion had dropped to 64.6%. The proportion of Gereformeerden was around 19 to 20%, while Catholics made up a small minority of around 4 to 5% in the district. The share of "Others" grew from 5.3% in 1897 to 10.9% in 1909, which included 8.1% not belonging to any religious affiliation.
The district of Hoogezand was abolished upon the introduction of party-list proportional representation in 1918.

## Members

Throughout its existence, the Hoogezand changed hands between the Liberal Union and the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP). Notable members include Kornelis ter Laan (SDAP), first elected in 1901, and Pieter Rink, the former minister of the interior, who defeated Ter Laan in 1909. In 1913, Hendrik Spiekman (SDAP) won not only the district of Hoogezand, but also the districts of Rotterdam I and Rotterdam II. He opted to represent Rotterdam II, thus triggering by-elections in the other two districts. Rink won back his district and continued to represent Hoogezand until its abolition in 1918.
| Election | Member | Party |
| 1897 | Jacob Dirk Veegens | Lib |
| 1901 | Kornelis ter Laan | SDAP |
| 1905 | Kornelis ter Laan | SDAP |
| 1909 | Pieter Rink | Lib |
| 1913 | Hendrik Spiekman | SDAP |
| 1913 | Pieter Rink | Lib |
| 1917 | Pieter Rink | Lib |

## Election results
### Elections in the 1890s

1897 general election: Hoogezand :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Jacob Dirk Veegens | Lib | 1,705 | 46.22 | 2,800 | 63.72 |
| | A. Wiersinga | AR | 1,380 | 37.41 | 1,594 | 36.28 |
| | Willem Vliegen | SDAP | 380 | 10.30 | | |
| | D.R. Mansholt | Rad | 224 | 6.07 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 3,689 | 100.00 | 4,394 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,689 | 97.80 | 4,394 | 99.08 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 83 | 2.20 | 41 | 0.92 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 3,772 | 100.00 | 4,435 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 5,334 | 70.72 | 5,334 | 83.15 |
| | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain |
| Source: Kiesraad, Huygens Instituut) |||||||

### Elections in the 1900s

1901 general election: Hoogezand :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Kornelis ter Laan | SDAP | 1,486 | 41.23 | 2,333 | 60.61 |
| | J.W. Rudolph | AR | 1,102 | 30.58 | 1,516 | 39.39 |
| | Jacob Dirk Veegens | Lib | 1,016 | 28.19 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 3,604 | 100.00 | 3,849 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,604 | 97.46 | 3,849 | 99.15 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 94 | 2.54 | 33 | 0.85 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 3,698 | 100.00 | 3,882 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 5,410 | 68.35 | 5,410 | 71.76 |
| | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain |
| Source: Kiesraad, Huygens Instituut (1, 2) |||||||
1905 general election: Hoogezand :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Kornelis ter Laan | SDAP | 2,320 | 42.35 | 3,193 | 63.38 |
| | H. de Wilde | AR | 1,612 | 29.43 | 1,845 | 36.62 |
| | U.G. Schilthuis Jzn. | VD | 1,546 | 28.22 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,478 | 100.00 | 5,038 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,478 | 98.99 | 5,038 | 99.19 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 56 | 1.01 | 41 | 0.81 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,534 | 100.00 | 5,079 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 6,396 | 86.52 | 6,396 | 79.41 |
| | SDAP hold | SDAP hold | SDAP hold | SDAP hold | SDAP hold | SDAP hold |
| Source: Kiesraad, Huygens Instituut (1, 2) |||||||
1909 general election: Hoogezand :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Kornelis ter Laan | SDAP | 2,091 | 38.44 | 2,553 | 46.93 |
| | Pieter Rink | Lib | 1,766 | 32.46 | 2,887 | 53.07 |
| | Albertus Zijlstra | AR | 1,583 | 29.10 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,440 | 100.00 | 5,440 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,440 | 98.68 | 5,440 | 99.04 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 73 | 1.32 | 53 | 0.96 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,513 | 100.00 | 5,493 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 6,921 | 79.66 | 6,921 | 79.37 |
| | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain |
| Source: Kiesraad, Huygens Instituut (1, 2) |||||||

### Elections in the 1910s

1913 general election: Hoogezand :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Hendrik Spiekman | SDAP | 2,575 | 40.59 | 2,845 | 55.06 |
| | Pieter Rink | Lib | 2,124 | 33.48 | 2,322 | 44.94 |
| | R. Koppe | AR | 1,645 | 25.93 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 6,344 | 100.00 | 5,167 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 6,344 | 98.60 | 5,167 | 98.83 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 90 | 1.40 | 61 | 1.17 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,434 | 100.00 | 5,228 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 7,594 | 84.72 | 7,594 | 68.84 |
| | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain | SDAP gain |
| Source: Kiesraad, Huygens Instituut (1, 2) |||||||
1913 Hoogezand by-election :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Pieter Rink | Lib | 2,563 | 51.18 |
| | Theo van der Waerden | SDAP | 2,445 | 48.82 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,008 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,008 | 99.48 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 26 | 0.52 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,034 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 7,594 | 66.29 |
| | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain | Liberal gain |
| Source: Kiesraad, Huygens Instituut |||||
1917 general election: Hoogezand :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Pieter Rink | Lib | | |
| Total | Total | Total | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 7,627 | – |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |
| Source: Kiesraad, Huygens Instituut |||||