OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Aintab

In the Battle of Aintab in August 1150, a Crusader force commanded by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem repelled the attacks of Nur ad-Din Zangi of Aleppo and evacuated the Latin Christian residents of the County of Edessa. This was both a tactical victory and a strategic defeat for the Crusaders.

## Background

Zengi, Nur ad-Din's father, had seized Edessa in 1144. Deprived of their capital, the western lands of the County of Edessa continued a precarious existence for six more years. They came under increasing pressure from the Muslim states surrounding them. In 1150, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos expressed an interest in acquiring the rump of the County of Edessa. As their feudal overlord, Baldwin III was required to defend them in case of attack. Recognizing that the Crusaders were unlikely to hold on to these territories for much longer, Baldwin agreed to turn them over to the Byzantines.
Baldwin met with Manuel's agents at Turbessel (Tell Bashir) to negotiate the transfer of territories. Franks or Armenians who wished to remain under Latin rule were allowed to march back to the Principality of Antioch with the king, taking their possessions with them. Baldwin's small army consisted of 500 mounted knights and an unknown number of foot soldiers.

## Battle

Nur ad-Din's forces fell upon the withdrawing Latin column between Dülük and Aintab. By deploying his soldiers in battle order, Baldwin was able to get his non-combatants safely into the town of Aintab, where the Latin force spent the night.
The following day the Franks organized their soldiers to protect the refugees and the baggage train. Baldwin led the advance guard while Antiochene knights protected the right and left flanks. Raymond II of Tripoli and Humphrey II of Toron directed a strong rear guard. The position of the foot soldiers in the formation was not mentioned by the chronicler, William of Tyre.
Nur ad-Din's Turks attacked in the traditional manner, surrounding the column and subjecting it to "arrows in such showers that the appearance of the baggage soon resembled a porcupine." All day long, the Turks tried to break up the Crusader formation or cause a collapse of morale. But the Franks plodded ahead, keeping a strict march discipline and making partial charges when their enemies pressed too close. Nur ad-Din, discouraged by his lack of success and short on supplies, withdrew at sunset. The Crusader column delivered the refugees to Antiochene territories without further trouble.

## Aftermath

Baldwin had calculated correctly. Within a year, the remaining territories of the former County of Edessa fell to the Turks. The skirmish had been a tactical success because the Crusaders escaped serious losses and successfully protected the pro-Latin civilians. But the permanent loss of the County of Edessa represented a strategic defeat.
# Soraya M. Coley

Soraya M. Coley (born November 25, 1950) is the sixth president of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). With four decades of experience in higher education, Coley is the first woman and first African American scholar to be named president of Cal Poly Pomona.
As president, Coley leads an institution with nearly 30,000 students and nearly 2,700 faculty and staff.
Coley joined Cal Poly Pomona from California State University, Bakersfield, where she was the provost and vice president for academic affairs from 2005 to 2014. In addition, she served as interim vice president for university advancement from 2011 to 2012. She has also held positions at California State University, Fullerton, the National Center for Substance Abuse and Child Welfare, and Alliant International University.
In 2019, California Governor Gavin Newsom appointed Coley to the California Future of Work Commission, which was charged with making recommendations to the Governor and Legislature regarding the impact of technology, methods of promoting better job quality, modernizing worker safety net protections, and readying the state's workforce for the jobs of the future.
Coley is a member of the American Council on Education Women’s Network and presidential sponsor of its Southern California chapter. In 2023, Coley received the American Council on Education Donna Shavlik Award, which honors an individual who demonstrates a sustained commitment to advancing women in higher education through leadership, career development and mentoring. She is a former member of the board of directors for Children and Family Futures as well as the Kern County Schools’ “Ready to Start” program. In 2000, she was recognized as “One of Ten Women Making a Difference” by Orange County Metro Magazine.
Coley earned a bachelor's degree in sociology from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. She completed her master's and doctoral degrees in social planning and social research from Bryn Mawr College where she was recognized as a distinguished alumna.
She is married to Ron Coley, who served two decades of active duty as a pilot in the Marine Corps, retiring at the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. After his military service, Mr. Coley begun a career in public service and higher education administration, including six years as a Senior County Administrator in Orange County, California, and multiple senior positions at the University of California.
In 2022, a whistleblower lawsuit alleged that Coley interfered with police work and the legal process multiple times on the Cal Poly Pomona campus. Among the most notable of these alleged occurrences were a series of blockages that slowed investigation into an embezzlement of over a million dollars and the premature closure of a 2021 sexual assault case.
In February 2025, Coley announced her decision to retire from the CSU at the end of July 2025.
# Nami Urabe

Nami Urabe (born 29 August 1978) is a Japanese former professional tennis player.
Born in Saitama, Urabe was one of Japan's top players in junior tennis, reaching the girls' doubles final of the 1995 Australian Open with partner Saori Obata.
Her best performance on the WTA Tour was a quarterfinal appearance in the doubles draw at the 1995 Japan Women's Open and she won eight doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

## ITF finals

* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments

### Doubles: 15 (8–7)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 2 October 1995 | Ibaraki, Japan | Hard | Trudi Musgrave | Yoshiko Sasano Keiko Nagatomi | 0–6, 6–7$^{(5)}$ |
| Winner | 1. | 23 October 1995 | Kyoto, Japan | Hard | Trudi Musgrave | Tomoe Hotta Eiko Toba | 3–6, 6–2, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 8 January 1996 | San Antonio, United States | Hard | Saori Obata | Pam Nelson Nóra Köves | 6–2, 4–6, 1–6 |
| Winner | 2. | 25 March 1996 | Bandung, Indonesia | Hard | Saori Obata | Chen Jingjing Li Li | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 30 June 1997 | Mont-de-Marsan, France | Hard | Saori Obata | Katalin Marosi Veronica Stele | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Winner | 3. | 15 September 1997 | Ibaraki 1, Japan | Hard | Surina De Beer | Riei Kawamata Yoshiko Sasano | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Winner | 4. | 22 September 1997 | Ibaraki 2, Japan | Hard | Surina De Beer | Shizu Katsumi Kyoko Kojima | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Winner | 5. | 5 October 1997 | Kyoto, Japan | Carpet | Surina De Beer | Yumiko Kitamura Natsumi Yuki | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 4. | 10 October 1997 | Saga, Japan | Grass | Surina De Beer | Danielle Jones Saori Obata | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 5. | 23 February 1998 | Mumbai, India | Hard | Yoriko Yamagishi | Chen Jingjing Yang Qin | 6–7$^{(5)}$, 2–6 |
| Winner | 6. | 27 September 1999 | Kyoto, Japan | Carpet | Keiko Ishida | Yuki Fujii Yumiko Kitamura | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Winner | 7. | 3 September 2001 | Kugayama, Japan | Hard | Seiko Okamoto | Melissa Dowse Samantha Stosur | 6–4, 2–6, 6–1 |
| Runner-up | 6. | 26 September 2001 | Kyoto, Japan | Hard | Seiko Okamoto | Melissa Dowse Samantha Stosur | 3–6, 6–3, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 7. | 21 October 2002 | Tokyo, Japan | Hard | Keiko Taguchi | Haruka Inoue Maiko Inoue | 1–6, 2–6 |
| Winner | 8. | 23 September 2003 | Hiroshima, Japan | Grass | Tomoko Taira | Satomi Kinjo Akiko Yonemura | 6–3, 6–3 |
# Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland

Charles John Robert Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland, CBE, JP, DL (28 May 1919 – 4 January 1999), styled Marquess of Granby until 1940, was a British peer and landowner.

## Biography

He was the son of John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland, by his wife Kathleen Tennant, granddaughter of Sir Charles Tennant, 1st Baronet. Rutland was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was a younger brother of Lady Ursula d'Abo and Lady Isabel Manners.
He served in the British Army during World War II, becoming a captain in the Grenadier Guards.
He inherited the title in 1940, remaining in that estate until his death in 1999.
A lifelong Conservative, the Duke served on Leicestershire County Council as the County Councillor for the Vale of Belvoir Division from 1945 until 1985. He was Chairman of Leicestershire County Council from 1974 until 1977.
He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1962 New Year Honours "for political and public services in the East Midlands".

## Marriages and issue

He married twice:
* Firstly on 27 April 1946 to Anne Bairstow Cumming Bell, daughter of William Cumming Bell and Joan Middlemost Cumming Bell, née Bairstow, whom he divorced in 1956, having had one daughter:
** Lady Charlotte Louise Manners (7 January 1947 - 15 March 2023)
* Secondly on 15 May 1958 he married Frances Helen Sweeny, daughter of Charles Francis Sweeny, an American amateur golfer, socialite and businessman, by his first wife the wealthy Scottish-born heiress Margaret Whigham, since 1951 Duchess of Argyll, having married secondly Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th Duke of Argyll. By his second wife he had four children:
** David Charles Robert Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland (born 8 May 1959), eldest son and heir;
** Lord Robert George Manners (18 June 1961 – 28 February 1964), died aged 2;
** Lady (Helen) Theresa (Margaret) Manners (born 11 November 1962), who in her youth was the lead singer of the short-lived 1980s British rock band "The Business Connection", founded by Henry Somerset, Marquess of Worcester (later 12th Duke of Beaufort). She married Dr John Chipman, director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
** Lord Edward (John Francis) Manners (born 29 May 1965); he married Gabrielle Ross in 2013

## Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Charles Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland :
* CoronetA Coronet of a Duke
* CrestOn a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Peacock in its pride proper
* EscutcheonOr two Bars Azure a Chief quarterly of the last and Gules, in the first and fourth, two Fleur-de-lis, and in the second and third, a Lion passant guardant, all Or
* SupportersOn either side a Unicorn Argent armed, maned, tufted and unguled Or
* MottoPour Y Parvenir ("So as to accomplish it")
# 60P/Tsuchinshan

60P/Tsuchinshan, also known as Tsuchinshan 2, is a periodic comet in the Solar System with an orbital period of 6.79 years. Tsuchinshan is the Wade-Giles transliteration corresponding to the pinyin Zǐjīn Shān 紫金山, which is Mandarin Chinese for "Purple Mountain".
It was discovered at the Purple Mountain Observatory, Nanjing, China on 11 January 1965 with a magnitude estimated as a very faint 15. The elliptical orbit was computed to give a perihelion date of 9 February 1965 with an orbital period of 6.69 years. Revised calculations predicted the next perihelion would be on 28 November 1971 and Elizabeth Roemer of the University of Arizona successfully relocated the comet with the 154-cm reflector at Catalina. It was also observed in 1978, 1985, 1991-1992, and 1998-1999.
The comet peaked at about apparent magnitude 16.3 in 2012. On 29 December 2077 the comet will pass 0.068 AU (10,200,000 km; 6,300,000 mi) from Mars.
# Claudia Augusta

Claudia Augusta (Classical Latin:; January 63 – May 63) was the only daughter of the Roman Emperor Nero. She was born to the emperor's second wife, the Empress Poppaea Sabina. Claudia and her mother were honored with the title of Augusta by Nero. She was born in Antium on 21 January 63 and later died five months after, of an unknown illness.
Nero and Poppaea Sabina mourned her death and Claudia was declared a goddess. Gold statues were placed in temples and circus games were held in Claudia's honor while a shrine and a priest were dedicated to her shortly afterward.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Claudia Augusta :
# At the Supper Club Part II (Stafford)

This compact disk was created from transcriptions of The Chesterfield Supper Club recorded for the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) in March and April 1946. Others featured on the broadcasts are Carl Kress and his Orchestra, Helen Carroll and the Satisfiers, and Lloyd Shaffer and his Orchestra. Guests are Benny Goodman, Xavier Cugat, Cozy Cole, Mel Powell, and Bob Eberly.

## Track listing

* All The Things You Are
* "What A Deal!"
* "I Can't Begin to Tell You"
* "Love Letters"
* "Yesterdays"
* "Patience and Fortitude"
* "Down Honeymoon Lane (I'll Be Walking With My Baby)"
* "I Didn't Mean a Word I Said"
* "Aren't You Glad You're You"
* "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby"
* "If I Had a Dozen Hearts"
* "It's a Grand Night for Singing"
* "Old Man Harlem"
* "Falling in Love With Love"
* "A Little Consideration"
* "Oye Negra"
* "Day By Day"
* "I'll Remember April"
* "My Romance"
* "Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief"
* "They Say It's Wonderful"
* "All the Things You Are"
# Mario Escobar (cyclist)

Mario Escobar (born 14 February 1940) is a former Colombian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Moralane

Moralane is a key site on the North-South Carrier (NSC), in Botswana, the main pipeline delivering raw water from the northeast to the Mmamashia water treatment plant just north of Gaborone.
Phase 1 of the NSC opened in 2000, delivering water from the Letsibogo Dam on the Motloutse River. A reinforced concrete break pressure tank (BPT1) and a pumping station (PS2.1) were installed at Moralane in this phase. The break pressure tank has the capacity of 4,500 cubic metres (160,000 cu ft) and the pumping station has the capacity of 1.51 cubic metres (53 cu ft) per second.
Phase 2 of the NSC is due to start delivering water from the Dikgatlhong Dam on the Shashe River in 2014. The new pipeline from the Dikgatlhong Dam runs parallel to the existing pipeline along the section from the Letsibogo Dam to Moralane, causing concerns that blasting for the new pipeline may cause problems with the existing pipeline. The pumping equipment at Moralane will be upgraded by introduction of a variable speed drive. Initially, the water from both dams will be delivered through the same pipeline from Moralane south to Palapye.
An extension of the NSC is being considered to carry the Zambezi's water from Pandamatenga via Francistown to BPT1 at Moralane. A pre-feasibility study was delivered to the Department of Water Affairs in April 2010. This expansion would deliver another 100,000,000 cubic metres (3.5×10$^9$ cu ft) of water annually through the Moralane plant.
# Twelve Songs of Christmas

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Twelve Songs of Christmas is an album by Jim Reeves released in the US in 1963. It was Reeves' first and only Christmas-themed release. The album was released by RCA Victor in stereo (LSP-2758) and mono (LPM-2758) respectively. The album was first released in South Africa as Merry Christmas from Jim Reeves as an eleven-track album. "Silver Bells" was recorded in July 1963 to create the twelve track US album released in 1963. The album charted for 10 weeks peaking at #15 on Billboard's Christmas Records album chart.

## Track listing
### Side one

* "Jingle Bells" (James Pierpont) – 1:46
* "Blue Christmas" (Billy Hayes, Jay W. Johnson) – 3:00
* "Señor Santa Claus" (Lawton Williams) – 2:27
* "An Old Christmas Card" (Vaughn Horton) – 2:32
* "The Merry Christmas Polka" (Willie Phelps) – 2:25
* "White Christmas" (Irving Berlin) – 2:27

### Side two

* "Silver Bells" (Ray Evans, Jay Livingston) – 2:00
* "C-H-R-I-S-T-M-A-S" (Eddy Arnold, Jenny Lou Carson) – 1:51
* "O Little Town of Bethlehem" (Phillips Brooks, Lewis Redner) – 3:29
* "Mary's Boy Child" (Jester Hairston) – 2:42
* "Oh Come, All Ye Faithful (Adeste Fideles)" (Traditional) – 2:34
* "Silent Night" (Franz Xaver Gruber, Joseph Mohr) – 2:34

### 2001 Reissue

Twelve Songs of Christmas was released on CD in 2001 on the BMG Special Products label.

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1963 | Billboard Pop Albums | 15 |
| 1964 | UK Albums Chart | 3 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Garabito (canton)

Garabito is a canton in the Puntarenas province of Costa Rica. The head city is in Jacó district.

## History

Garabito was created on 25 September 1980 by decree 6512.

## Geography

Garabito has an area of 316.31 km$^2$ and a mean elevation of 22 metres.
The canton lies along the north-central Pacific coast between Punta Loros near the town of Tivives and the mouth of the Tusubres River. The eastern boundary runs through the Fila Negra, a coastal mountain range.

## Districts

The canton of Garabito is subdivided into the following districts:
* Jacó
* Tárcoles
* Lagunillas

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Garabito had a population of 17,229 inhabitants. Garabito has a population density of 54.5 people/km$^2$ (141 people/sq mi).

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The canton is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 34
* National Route 320
# Bryan Cook (American football)

Bryan Cook (born September 7, 1999) is an American professional football safety for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Howard before transferring to Cincinnati.

## Early life

Cook grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio and attended Mount Healthy High School in Mount Healthy, Ohio. As a senior, he was named first-team All-Southwest Ohio Conference after recording 35 tackles, three interceptions, and a fumble recovery in nine games on defense and catching four passes for 110 yards and three touchdowns on offense. Cook was lightly recruited and committed to play college football at Howard University, which was his only scholarship offer.

## College career

Cook began his collegiate career playing for the Howard Bison. He played in 21 games at cornerback over two seasons for Howard and had 93 tackles, five tackles for a loss, two forced fumbles, and two fumble recoveries, with 17 passes defended and five interceptions, one of which he returned for a 41-yard touchdown. After his sophomore season, Cook entered the NCAA transfer portal and transferred to continue his collegiate career at University of Cincinnati.
Cook sat out the regular season of his first year with the Cincinnati Bearcats per NCAA transfer rules. During his redshirt year he was moved from cornerback to safety. Cook played in the 2020 Birmingham Bowl following the end of the regular season. He had 26 tackles with two passes broken up in his first full season at Cincinnati. As a senior, Cook 96 tackles, five tackles for loss, and one sack with 9 passes defended and two interceptions and was named first-team All-American Athletic Conference.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span |
| 6 ft 0+3⁄4 in (1.85 m) | 206 lb (93 kg) | 31+7⁄8 in (0.81 m) | 8+1⁄2 in (0.22 m) |
| All values from NFL Combine ||||
Cook was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the second round, 62nd overall, of the 2022 NFL draft. In the AFC Championship, Cook deflected a pass to teammate Joshua Williams with score tied at 20. It helped the Chiefs defeat the Cincinnati Bengals 23–20 to reach Super Bowl LVII. In the Super Bowl, Cook had one tackle in the Chiefs 38–35 win over the Philadelphia Eagles.
Cook entered the 2023 season as the Chiefs starting strong safety. In Week 9 against the Dolphins, after a forced fumble by Trent McDuffie and a recovery by Mike Edwards, Cook received a lateral from Edwards and he returned the fumble 59 yards for a touchdown. He suffered an ankle injury in Week 13 and was placed on injured reserve on December 9, 2023. Without Cook, the Chiefs won their second straight Super Bowl championship after defeating the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl LVIII. Cook recorded an interception in the 40–22 loss to the Eagles in Super Bowl LIX.
# Revolutions in Mathematics

Revolutions in Mathematics is a 1992 collection of essays in the history and philosophy of mathematics.

## Contents

* Michael J. Crowe, Ten "laws" concerning patterns of change in the history of mathematics (1975) (15–20);
* Herbert Mehrtens, T. S. Kuhn's theories and mathematics: a discussion paper on the "new historiography" of mathematics (1976) (21–41);
* Herbert Mehrtens, Appendix (1992): revolutions reconsidered (42–48);
* Joseph Dauben, Conceptual revolutions and the history of mathematics: two studies in the growth of knowledge (1984) (49–71);
* Joseph Dauben, Appendix (1992): revolutions revisited (72–82);
* Paolo Mancosu, Descartes's Géométrie and revolutions in mathematics (83–116);
* Emily Grosholz, Was Leibniz a mathematical revolutionary? (117–133);
* Giulio Giorello, The "fine structure" of mathematical revolutions: metaphysics, legitimacy, and rigour. The case of the calculus from Newton to Berkeley and Maclaurin (134–168);
* Yu Xin Zheng, Non-Euclidean geometry and revolutions in mathematics (169–182);
* Luciano Boi, The "revolution" in the geometrical vision of space in the nineteenth century, and the hermeneutical epistemology of mathematics (183–208);
* Caroline Dunmore, Meta-level revolutions in mathematics (209–225);
* Jeremy Gray, The nineteenth-century revolution in mathematical ontology (226–248);
* Herbert Breger, A restoration that failed: Paul Finsler's theory of sets (249–264);
* Donald A. Gillies, The Fregean revolution in logic (265–305);
* Michael Crowe, Afterword (1992): a revolution in the historiography of mathematics? (306–316).

## Reviews

The book was reviewed by Pierre Kerszberg for Mathematical Reviews and by Michael S. Mahoney for American Mathematical Monthly. Mahoney says "The title should have a question mark." He sets the context by referring to paradigm shifts that characterize scientific revolutions as described by Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. According to Michael Crowe in chapter one, revolutions never occur in mathematics. Mahoney explains how mathematics grows upon itself and does not discard earlier gains in understanding with new ones, such as happens in biology, physics, or other sciences. A nuanced version of revolution in mathematics is described by Caroline Dunmore who sees change at the level of "meta-mathematical values of the community that define the telos and methods of the subject, and encapsulate general beliefs about its value." On the other hand, reaction to innovation in mathematics is noted, resulting in "clashes of intellectual and social values".

## Editions

* Gillies, Donald (1992) Revolutions in Mathematics, Oxford Science Publications, The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press.
# Tomasz Kupis

Tomasz Kupis (born 4 April 1964) is a Polish wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 130 kg at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Jan Szczepański (boxer)

Jan Antoni Szczepański (20 November 1939 in Małecz – 15 January 2017 in Warsaw) was a Polish boxer, who won the gold medal in the lightweight division (– 60 kg) at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. In the final he defeated Hungary's László Orbán on points (5:0).
Szczepański died on 15 January 2017, after a long illness.

## Olympic results

* 1st round bye
* Defeated Kasamiro Kashri Marchlo (Sudan) 5-0
* Defeated James Busceme (United States) 5-0
* Defeated Charlie Nash (Ireland) RSC 3
* Defeated Samuel Mbugua (Kenya) walk-over
* Defeated László Orbán (Hungary) 5-0