OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Osborne (VC)

James Osborne VC (13 April 1857 – 1 February 1928) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Osborne was 23 years old, and a private in the 2nd Battalion, The Northamptonshire Regiment, British Army during the First Boer War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 22 February 1881 at Wesselstroom, South Africa, Private Osborne rode out under heavy fire, picked up a private who was lying wounded and carried him safely into camp. His citation read:
   For his gallant conduct at Wesselstroom, on the 22nd February, 1881, in riding, under a heavy fire, towards a party of 42 Boers, picking up Private Mayes, who was lying wounded, - and carrying him safely into camp.
His VC was destroyed in the Belfast Blitz in 1941.
# James Pickard

James Pickard was an English inventor. He modified the Newcomen engine in a manner that it could deliver a rotary motion. His solution, which he patented in 1780, involved the combined use of a crank and a flywheel.
James Watt's company Boulton and Watt circumvented Pickard's patent, with an invention of their employee William Murdoch, the so-called sun and planet gear, patented by Watt in 1781.
# Altbrean

54°10′05″N 7°46′17″W﻿ / ﻿54.1681°N 7.7714°W﻿ / 54.1681; -7.7714
Altbrean (Irish derived place name Alt Bréan, meaning the 'Smelly Gorge’, so-called because of the decayed vegetation in the swamp at the bottom of the slope) is a townland in the civil parish of Kinawley, barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland.

## Geography

Altbrean is bounded on the north by Tullydermot townland, on the south by Altachullion Lower townland, on the west by Aghnacollia and Commas (Kinawley) townlands and on the east by Altinure, Gubrawully and Sralahan (Kinawley) townlands. Its chief geographical features are hills which rise to 752 feet above sea level, the River Cladagh (Swanlinbar), waterfalls, river swallowholes, a gravel pit, a spring well and dug wells. Altbrean is traversed by the local L1019 road, minor public roads and rural lanes. The townland covers 329 statute acres.

## History

In earlier times the townland was probably uninhabited as it consists mainly of bog and poor clay soils. It was not seized by the English during the Plantation of Ulster in 1610 or in the Cromwellian Settlement of the 1660s so some dispossessed Irish families moved there and began to clear and farm the land.
The 1825 Tithe Applotment Books spell the name as Altbrean.
The 1836 Ordnance Survey Namebooks state- As it is merely a track of mountain, it is free from county cess and tithe.
Griffith's Valuation lists nine landholders in the townland.
The landlord of the townland in the 19th century was the Hassard estate.

## Census

| Year | Population | Males | Females | Total Houses | Uninhabited |
| 1841 | 29 | 11 | 18 | 5 | 0 |
| 1851 | 58 | 23 | 25 | 8 | 0 |
| 1861 | 46 | 21 | 25 | 9 | 2 |
| 1871 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 0 |
| 1881 | 32 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 0 |
| 1891 | 40 | 22 | 14 | 5 | 0 |
In the 1901 census of Ireland, there are six families listed in the townland.
In the 1911 census of Ireland, there are seven families listed in the townland.

## Antiquities

* Stone bridges over the river, including Commas Bridge, a single-arch sandstone bridge, built c.1860 over the Claddagh River.
* Stepping-stones over the river
# Jan Jones (novelist)

Janice Rosemary Jones (known as Jan Jones) (born 24 December 1955) is a British former software engineer, now a writer of romantic fiction and short stories. Her debut novel, Stage By Stage, was published in July 2005 and won the Romantic Novelists' Association Joan Hessayon Award the same year.
In her first career as software engineer, she was the architect of the SuperBASIC programming language for the Sinclair QL personal computer while working at Sinclair Research in the early 1980s. Before joining Sinclair Research, she worked at British Gas and the Royal School of Mines as a programmer and lecturer.
# Andy Keen

Andrew "Andy" Keen is a Canadian documentary filmmaker who has received several accolades including two Juno Awards for his music documentaries.
Andy started out as a director of music videos and commercials before he directed his first documentary Seven Painters, Seven Places (1998) which was nominated for a Gemini Award, now the Canadian Screen Awards.
He collaborated with singer/songwriter Sarah Harmer to produce the documentary "Escarpment Blues" (2005), and with The Tragically Hip to produce "Bobcaygeon"(2012). The film had its World Premiere at the 2012 Vancouver International Film Festival (VIFF). Both films won Juno Awards for best music DVD of the year. He was a director of photography on "Know Your Mushrooms" (2009), directed by Ron Mann, and produced and edited "[[Shooting War, Shall We Close Our Eyes]]" with The Globe and Mail.

## Biography

Keen was born in Galt, Ontario. Raised in Oakville, Ontario. Studied at Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec, and Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University) in Toronto, before completing a Bachelor of Fine Arts (Art History) at Concordia University in Montreal. After graduating, Keen moved to Toronto, where he began work in film and television as a production assistant.

## Filmography

* [[Shooting War, Shall We Close Our Eyes]], (2022) (producer,editor)
* [[The Tragically Hip in Bobcaygeon]], 2012 (producer, director)
* Know Your Mushrooms, 2008 (director of photography)
* Escarpment Blues, 2006 (producer, director, editor, camera)
* Seven Painters Seven Places, 1999 (director, editor, camera)

## Awards

* 2000 Best Picture Editing in a documentary Gemini Award Nominee Seven Painters Seven Places (1999)
* 2006 Music DVD of The year Juno Awards Escarpment Blues 2006
* 2010 Winner People's Voice Award 2010 Webby Awards Best Website (Activism) www.stemcellcharter.org
* 2011 Award of Merit Advertising and Design Awards "Manifest Moves Issues" 2010
* 2013 Music DVD of The Year 2013 Juno Awards "Bobcaygeon" 2012
# Special Relationship (disambiguation)

The Special Relationship is an unofficial term for relations between the United Kingdom and the United States.
Special Relationship also may refer to:
* Special relationship (international relations), other exceptionally strong ties between nations
* The Special Relationship (film), a 2010 British-American political film
* A Special Relationship, novel by Douglas Kennedy
* The Special Relationship, British literary events series led by Jarred McGinnis
* "The Special Relationship" (The Green Green Grass), a 2007 television episode
* "Special Relationship" (Veep), a 2014 television episode
* "Special Relationship" (Waking the Dead), a 2002 television episode
# Mae Nolan

Mae Ella Nolan (September 20, 1886 – July 9, 1973) was an American politician who became the fourth woman to serve in the United States Congress, the first woman elected to Congress from California, the first woman to chair a Congressional committee, and the first to fill the seat left vacant by her husband's death. She took her seat in the United States House of Representatives in 1923.$^{:19–34}$

## Biography

Mae Nolan was born in San Francisco, California, and attended public schools, St. Vincent's Convent, and Ayres Business College of San Francisco.

### Congress

Nolan's husband, Republican U.S. Representative John Ignatius Nolan, died on November 18, 1922, near the end of the 67th Congress; he had been re-elected to the 68th Congress, which would come into existence on March 4, 1923. Two special elections were held on January 23, 1923, to fill the vacancies in the 67th Congress about to end and the 68th Congress about to begin. Mae Nolan was elected to fill both vacancies, and served from January 23, 1923, to March 3, 1925.
Nolan was the fourth woman elected to Congress, after Jeannette Rankin, Alice Mary Robertson, and Winnifred Sprague Mason Huck. All four were elected as Republicans to the House of Representatives. Nolan was a Catholic, hence she was the first woman from such a background who served in the federal legislature.$^{:34}$$^{:5}$
Nolan was the first woman elected to her husband's seat in Congress, which is sometimes known as the "widow's succession". As of 2004, 36 widows have won their husbands' seats in the House, and 8 in the Senate.$^{:34}$
Nolan supported her late husband's agenda on minimum wage, child labor laws, and education. She distanced herself from the women's suffrage movement by dropping her membership in the Woman Suffrage Committee, depending on support from labor, which was unsupportive. Her primary concerns were improving wages and lowering taxes on workers while raising them for wealthy Americans, She also supported a bonus for World War I veterans.$^{:57–58}$
During her term, she was the chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department. She was not a candidate for renomination in 1924 to the 69th Congress, saying that "Politics is entirely too masculine to have any attraction for feminine responsibilities".$^{:58}$

### Death

In her later years, Nolan moved to Sacramento, California, where she died on July 9, 1973 at age 86.
# Morris Hirsch

Morris William Hirsch (born June 28, 1933) is an American mathematician, formerly at the University of California, Berkeley.
A native of Chicago, Illinois, Hirsch attained his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1958, under supervision of Edwin Spanier and Stephen Smale. His thesis was entitled Immersions of Manifolds. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Hirsch had 23 doctoral students, including William Thurston, William Goldman, and Mary Lou Zeeman.

## Selected works

* with Stephen Smale and Robert L. Devaney: Differential equations, dynamical systems and an introduction to chaos, Academic Press 2004 (2nd edition) 3rd edition, 2013
* with Stephen Smale: Differential equations, dynamical systems and linear algebra, Academic Press 1974
* Differential Topology, Springer 1976, 1997
* with Barry Mazur: Smoothings of piecewise linear manifolds, Princeton University Press 1974
* with Charles C. Pugh, Michael Shub: Invariant Manifolds, Springer 1977
# Uhlířské Janovice

Uhlířské Janovice (German: Kohljanowitz) is a town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,100 inhabitantas.

## Administrative division

Uhlířské Janovice consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Uhlířské Janovice (2,830)
* Bláto (35)
* Janovická Lhota (83)
* Kochánov (11)
* Malejovice (11)
* Mitrov (54)
* Opatovice II (32)
* Silvánka (15)

## Etymology

The settlement was named Janovice after its founder Jan of Sternberg. The attribute Uhlířské was added to distinguish it from other places with the same name and refers to the charcoal burners (Czech: uhlíři) that lived here.

## Geography

Uhlířské Janovice is located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) southwest of Kutná Hora and 42 km (26 mi) southeast of Prague. It lies in the Upper Sázava Hills. The highest point is the hill Dračí skála at 516 m (1,693 ft) above sea level. The Výrovka River originates here and flows across the municipal territory.

## History

The first written mention of Uhlířské Janovice is from 1352. It was founded by Jan of Sternberg, probably in 1250. The town was owned by the Sternberg family until 1750, when it was merged with the Rataje estate.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 3,270 | — |
| 1880 | 3,301 | +0.9% |
| 1890 | 3,158 | −4.3% |
| 1900 | 3,119 | −1.2% |
| 1910 | 3,162 | +1.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,942 | −7.0% |
| 1930 | 2,946 | +0.1% |
| 1950 | 2,487 | −15.6% |
| 1961 | 2,710 | +9.0% |
| 1970 | 2,689 | −0.8% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 3,010 | +11.9% |
| 1991 | 2,956 | −1.8% |
| 2001 | 3,077 | +4.1% |
| 2011 | 3,046 | −1.0% |
| 2021 | 3,071 | +0.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Uhlířské Janovice is located on the railway line Kolín–Ledečko.

## Sights

There are three churches. The landmark of the town square is the Church of Saint Aloysius. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1767–1795.
The Church of Saint Giles dates from the late 12th or early 13th century. It is a small Romanesque-Gothic church, which lost its function after the new church was built on the square.
The Church of Saint George in Malejovice is originally an early Gothic building, which probably dates from the 13th century. Baroque modifications were made in 1713.
The former synagogue dates from 1798. Today the building is used as the prayer house of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church.
The town hall on the town square dates from 1786.

## Notable people

* Friedrich Ritter von Friedländer-Malheim (1825–1901), Bohemian-Austrian painter
# Msinsi Community Conservancy

Msinsi Community Conservancy is an 8.5-hectare (21-acre) sandstone sourveld grasslands reserve in Kloof, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The park is managed by the Kloof Conservancy, a community organisation that promotes conservation of natural heritage.

## Flora and fauna

The rare foxglove orchid is found in the grassland, while in the forest section two endangered frog species occur: the Kloof frog and the Natal leaf-folding frog.
# Mount Rhondda

Mount Rhondda is located on the Continental Divide straddling the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. It was named in 1917 by the Interprovincial Boundary Survey after David Alfred Thomas, First Viscount Baron Rhondda.

## First Ascent

Mt. Rhondda was first climbed in August 1923 by A. Geoffrion, J.W.A. Hickson and Edward Feuz Jr. The party's original intent was the FA of Mount Baker but early on in the ascent they discovered tracks from a different party (Walter Wilcox and Rudolf Aemmer) heading towards Mt. Baker. They decided to continue onto the col between the two peaks where they spotted snow tracks and cairn on the summit rocks of Mt. Baker. With Baker claimed, they turned their attention to Mt. Rhondda which they summitted in the early afternoon after ascending mixed terrain of rock and snow.

## Geology

Mount Rhondda is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Rhondda is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C (−4 °F) with wind chill factors below −30 °C (−22 °F).
# Brave Little Hunter

Brave Little Hunter (Nuu-chah-nulth: kʷiisaḥiʔis, a name given to her by the Ehattesaht First Nation) is a Bigg's killer whale that gained notoriety after she became beached with her mother near Zeballos, British Columbia.

## Life

Brave Little Hunter became stranded with her mother, who was pregnant, in a tidal lagoon. Efforts were made to rescue both whales but the calf's mother did not survive. The calf remained trapped in the same lagoon for a month. The local tidal conditions meant that there were only 30 minutes each day in which the orca could leave. A nearby sandbar also made it difficult for the calf to travel into open ocean. While rescue efforts were unsuccessful, the orca eventually left the lagoon unaided by following a boat at night in April 2024. She was then observed hunting birds and seals on her own. While the calf had relatives in the area, she was not spotted with them. It was speculated that she may have been accepted by an unrelated pod as this has sometimes happened to other orphaned calves. As of September 2024, she has only ever been spotted by herself.

## Rescue efforts

The orca's plight received international attention. Veterinarians, drone specialists, heavy equipment operators and data imaging analysts were consulted while she was stranded. There were several unsuccessful attempts to free her. Some methods used included using recorded vocalizations from her relatives, loud noise from pipes, playing drums, and a violin solo. Harbour seal meat was provided to meet her nutritional needs while plans were being made to physically move her into a sling.
A GoFundMe fundraiser raised $44,000 but did not reach its $500,000 target. The Department of Fisheries and Oceans spent $260,000 of their allocated million dollar budget for the Marine Mammal Response Program due to the perceived importance of the rescue. The Ehattesaht First Nation also funded their own volunteer efforts. They have since sought $250,000 in compensation, but the federal government has disputed the accuracy of their claimed expenses.
# Djursholmsbanan

Djursholmsbanan (DjB) was the original name of a network of 891 mm (2 ft 11+3⁄32 in) Swedish three foot narrow-gauge urban railways between Stockholm and Djursholm in Stockholm County, Sweden. This network is now a part of Roslagsbanan, but the oldest line was closed in 1976.

## History

Djursholmsbanan was inaugurated on 20 December 1890, connected to the network of Stockholm–Roslagens Järnvägar at the then Djursholm railway station, later renamed Djursholms Ösby station. The lines were originally owned by the real estate company Djursholms AB, which had been founded in 1889 for the development of the garden town Djursholm on the lands around Djursholm Castle. The creation of the railway was a key part in making Djursholm attractive for potential buyers of lots in the new community, giving them a means of good communication to Stockholm.
The trains on Djursholmsbanan were driven on electricity, originally from its own power plant at Stocksund harbour, close to the then Stocksund railway station. The network north and east of Djursholms Ösby was owned by Djursholmsbanan, while the trains shared the tracks with the steam powered Rimbo trains of Stockholm–Roslagens Järnvägar (SRJ) between Djursholms Ösby and Stockholm Östra station. From Östra station, the Djursholm trains had their own tram track ending closer to the city centre, at Engelbrektsplan.
A second line, in the western parts of Djursholm, was opened in 1910, terminating in Altorp. The original plan was to connect the two lines in the north, allowing for passengers to ride all the way around Djursholm, but the newer line was eventually drawn to the new neighbourhood of Näsbypark in Täby Municipality instead.
DjB was eventually taken over by SRJ, which in turn was nationalised in 1959. The southern parts of the former SRJ network, including Djusholmsbanan, was in turn taken over by Storstockholms lokaltrafik (SL) some years later. SL gave its part of the former SRJ network the new name Roslagsbanan. In the mid-20th Century, all of these lines had been electrified.
The tram tracks to Engelbrektsplan were closed in 1960 but instead, passengers coming to Stockholm Östra station has a connection to the Stockholm metro through the adjacent Tekniska högskolan metro station since 1973.
The oldest line, between Djursholms Ösby and Eddavägen, was closed in 1976, due to low passenger numbers in the relatively sparsely populated garden town.

## Sources

* ↑ BANVAKT.se Bandel nr 323
* ↑ BANVAKT.se Bandel nr 325
* ↑ Historiskt om Svenska Järnvägar Järnvägar i historien
* ↑ ekeving.se: Roslagsbanan - Eddavägslinjen, läst 2015-07-12
* ↑ Stenvall (distr.): "Roslagsbanan 100 år", Malmö 1985, ISBN 91-7266-087-2 (in Swedish)
# Claude Piquemal

Claude Piquemal (born 13 March 1939 in Siguer, Ariège) is a French athlete who mainly competed in the 100 metres.
He competed for France in the 4 x 100 metre relay at the 1964 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan, where he won the bronze medal with his teammates Paul Genevay, Bernard Laidebeur and Jocelyn Delecour.
Piquemal and Delecour combined again four years later in Mexico City, this time with Gérard Fenouil and Roger Bambuck where they won the bronze medal in the same event.
# Adam Fforde

Adam Fforde is a British economist specializing in Vietnam.

## Education

Born in London in 1953, he was educated at Westminster School and the University of Oxford. Changing his academic focus from Engineering to Economics, after an MSc at Birkbeck College, London, Fforde attained his Ph.D (with a thesis on 'Problems of Agricultural Development in North Vietnam') from Cambridge University in 1982.

## Career

He spent the 1980s and 1990s in Hanoi and Canberra advising on development practice for national aid agencies and NGOs operating in South-East Asia.
Accepting a Fellowship in 1999 at the National University of Singapore, Fforde subsequently held a number of academic posts in Melbourne, Australia. He is currently among the most widely cited academics writing on contemporary Vietnam, as well as the author of textbooks and critical works on the theory and methodology of development practice. He has also published on the issue of servicisation in developing countries.
He is an Honorary Professorial Fellow at the Asia Institute of the University of Melbourne and adjunct professor at Victoria University's Centre for Strategic Economic Studies.

## Personal life

Fforde is the eldest son of John Fforde (1921-2000), a senior figure in the Bank of England, and the brother of British novelist Jasper Fforde (born 1961) and Professor Cressida Fforde (born 1969). He is married with four children and currently lives in Melbourne, Australia.
# Pacific Opera

Pacific Opera is an opera training company based in Sydney, Australia.
Founded in 2003 by Sylvie Renaud-Calmel and Christine Douglas, the first Artistic Director, the company has an annual Young Artist Program for emerging opera singers aged 18 to 35, which integrates coaching, rehearsals and stage craft with numerous public and private performance opportunities. Annual opera productions offer role practice to the young artists and employment for young industry professionals including designers, orchestral musicians, repetiteurs, conductors and directors.
Simon Kenway was artistic director from 2015 to 2019, followed by co-directors Peter Coleman-Wright and Cheryl Barker. Coleman-Wright introduced the staging of "pocket operas" in 2021, works reduced to about an hour and tailored to young singers.

## Productions

* 2003: The Magic Flute, The Independent Theatre, North Sydney
* 2004: Hansel and Gretel, The Independent Theatre, North Sydney
* 2005: Così fan tutte, The Independent Theatre, North Sydney, and Riverside Theatres, Parramatta
* 2006: Pacific Opera in Concert 2006, The Independent Theatre, North Sydney
* 2007: The Barber of Seville; Pacific Opera in Concert 2007 The Independent Theatre, North Sydney, and Riverside Theatres, Parramatta
* 2008: Offenbach's Daphnis and Chloe (Australian premiere) and Gorgeous Galatea, The Independent Theatre, North Sydney
* 2009: La sonnambula, Glen Street Theatre, Belrose
* 2010: Hänsel und Gretel. Glen Street Theatre, Belrose
* 2011: The Magic Flute, Llewelynn Hall Canberra with the Canberra Symphony Orchestra, Glen Street Theatre, Belrose, and Riverside Theatres, Parramatta
* 2012: "Opera at the Forum", The Italian Cultural Forum, Leichhardt
* 2013: The Marriage of Figaro, Riverside Theatres, Parramatta, and Young Town Hall, Young
* 2014: The Gondoliers Dream Getaway, Riverside Theatres, Parramatta
* 2015: The Cunning Little Vixen with Alexandra Flood, New Hall, Sydney Grammar School, Sydney
* March 2021: The Marriage of Figaro, pocket opera with Willoughby Symphony Orchestra, Concert Hall, The Concourse, Chatswood
* June 2021: Fidelio and Der Rosenkavalier double bill pocket operas
* June 2021: The Rape of Lucretia, pocket opera
* 2022: The Magic Flute, pocket opera
* May 2022: Suor Angelica, pocket opera
* May 2022: Albert Herring, pocket opera
* October 2022: Evening of Oratorio, excerpts from Handel's L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato, Purcell's Dido and Aeneas (full)
* November 2022: L'elisir d'amore, followed by Madama Butterfly, pocket operas
* June 2023: Don Giovanni, pocket opera
* July 2023: Paul Carr's Requiem for an Angel (Australian premiere) and Ubi Caritas
* August 2023: The Barber of Seville, pocket opera