OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sweden–Taiwan relations

Sweden–Taiwan relations refers to bilateral relations between Sweden and Taiwan. Although the two countries do not hold formal relations, they engage in unofficial exchanges and trade.

## History

Sweden–Taiwan relations strengthened following Taiwan's democratization and the end of authoritarian rule.
In April 2022, a delegation of Swedish parliamentarians visited Taiwan. Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson expressed concerns about the threat posed to Taiwan by China in his first parliamentary address.
In February 2023, the Taiwan-Four Nordic Countries Parliamentary Friendship Association was stood up to coordinate parliamentary relations between Taiwan and the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. In May 2023, a delegation of Swedish parliamentarians including Markus Wiechel, Sara Gille, Nima Gholam Ali Pour, and Rasmus Giertz visited Taiwan. While in Taiwan Wiechel called for greater participation in international organizations for Taiwan saying "The fact that Taiwan is excluded from a number of international organizations -- and this despite the fact that most of the free world considers Taiwan a significant international player in trade, diplomacy and democracy -- is of course completely unacceptable."
In August 2024, a cross-party delegation of Swedish parliamentarians led by Lotta Johnsson Fornarve visited Taiwan to deepen understanding about its democratization process and the situation in the Taiwan Strait. In November 2024, a Taiwanese delegation led by Shen You-chung arrived at the Swedish Riksdag to discuss Taiwan's international participation.
The Taiwan Friendship Group is one of the largest groups in the Swedish Riksdag.

## Trade

Sweden is Taiwan's largest trade partner in northern Europe. As of 2021, two-way trade totaled US$1.59 billion, and Swedish investment in Taiwan totaled US$578 million (September 2021).

## Representation

The Swedish Trade and Invest Council represents Swedish interests in Taiwan. Swedish lawmakers have proposed renaming it to "House of Sweden."
The Taipei Mission in Sweden represents Taiwanese interests in Sweden.
# 1938 Combined Scottish Universities by-election

The 1938 Combined Scottish Universities by-election was a by-election held from 21 to 25 February 1938 for the Combined Scottish Universities, a university constituency of the British House of Commons.

## Vacancy

The seat had become vacant when the National Labour Member of Parliament (MP) (and former Prime Minister), Ramsay MacDonald had died on 9 November 1937, aged 71. He had held the seat since the by-election in 1936, having held several other seats since he was first elected to Parliament at the 1906 general election.

## Candidates

The parties in the National Government did not usually stand candidates against each other, and since in this case the seat was held by National Labour, there was no Unionist or National Liberal candidate.
The National Government supported a "National" candidate Sir John Anderson, a former civil servant who had been Governor of Bengal from 1932 to 1937.
The Scottish National Party candidate was Andrew Dewar Gibb, the Regius Professor of Law at Glasgow University who had also contested the by-election in 1936. Two other candidates stood as independents.

## Result

The result was a victory for Anderson (the National candidate), won nearly 50% of the votes, the remainder being quite evenly between the other candidates. He held the seat until the university constituencies were abolished for the 1950 general election.

## Votes

Combined Scottish Universities by-election, 21-25 February 1938 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | National | John Anderson | 14,042 | 48.8 | −7.7 |
| | Independent | Frances Melville | 5,618 | 19.5 | New |
| | SNP | Andrew Dewar Gibb | 5,246 | 18.2 | −12.9 |
| | Independent Progressive | Peter Chalmers Mitchell | 3,868 | 13.5 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,424 | 29.3 | −8.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 29,134 | 52.1 | −2.7 |
| | National hold | National hold | Swing | | |
# 1957 in Thailand

The year 1957 was the 176th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 12th in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2500 in the Buddhist Era.

## Incumbents

* King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
* Crown Prince: (vacant)
* Prime Minister:
** until 16 September: Plaek Phibunsongkhram
** 16 - 21 September: National Revolutionize Council (junta)
** 21 September - 26 December: Pote Sarasin
** 26 - 31 December: National Revolutionize Council (junta)
* Supreme Patriarch: Vajirananavongs

## Events
### January

* 1 January - Lèse majesté in Thailand is strengthened to include "insult" and changed to a crime against national security, after the Thai criminal code of 1956 went into effect.$^{:6,18}$

### July

* 4 July - Queen Sirikit gives birth to a fourth child and third daughter Chulabhorn.

### December
## Births

* 4 July - Chulabhorn Thai Princess
# Downing Street Director of Communications

The Downing Street director of communications is the post of director of communications for the prime minister of the United Kingdom. The position is held by an appointed special adviser.
In September 2022, as part of the incoming Truss ministry, the role was sub-divided into a political and non-political remit, with Adam Jones becoming the political director of communications and Simon McGee the director of government communications.
The role is currently held by Matthew Doyle, who served as Director of Communications under Keir Starmer whilst in opposition.
The role sub-division was abolished during the Sunak ministry.

## History

The position of Downing Street Director of Communications was created in 2000. The first holder of the position was Alastair Campbell who had previously served as the Downing Street press secretary and as the prime minister's official spokesperson. The position initially held the power to issue orders to civil servants, but this authority was removed after Campbell's departure in 2003.
The post was temporarily vacant from April to July 2017 following the resignation of the former director of communications, Katie Perrior.

## List of directors of communications

| # | Communications Director | Years | Prime Minister |
| 1 | Alastair Campbell | 2000–2003 | Tony Blair |
| 2 | David Hill | 2003–2007 | Tony Blair |
| 3 | Michael Ellam | 2007–2009 | Gordon Brown |
| 4 | Simon Lewis | 2009–2010 | Gordon Brown |
| 5 | Andy Coulson | 2010–2011 | David Cameron |
| 6 | Craig Oliver | 2011–2016 | David Cameron |
| 7 | Katie Perrior | 2016–2017 | Theresa May |
| 8 | Robbie Gibb | 2017–2019 | Theresa May |
| 9 | Lee Cain | 2019–2020 | Boris Johnson |
| 10 | James Slack | 2021 | Boris Johnson |
| 11 | Jack Doyle | 2021–2022 | Boris Johnson |
| 12 | Guto Harri | 2022 | Boris Johnson |
| 13 | Adam Jones (political), Simon McGee (government) | 2022 | Liz Truss |
| 14 | Amber De Botton | 2022–2023 | Rishi Sunak |
| 15 | Nerissa Chesterfield | 2023–2024 | Rishi Sunak |
| 16 | Matthew Doyle | 2024– | Keir Starmer |

## In popular culture

In television series The Thick of It, the Downing Street director of communications was portrayed by actor Peter Capaldi playing the now infamous Malcolm Tucker. Former special advisors (spads) and civil servants were called upon to make the series as close-to-reality as possible. In 2009, Capaldi stated "Malcolm Tucker is Alastair Campbell. But Mandelson is there, too."
# Council of Institutional Investors

Council of Institutional Investors is a nonprofit, nonpartisan association of U.S. pension funds and other employee benefit funds, foundations and endowments that "promotes the interests of institutional investors in the United States".

## Mission

The association describes its mission as to "educate its members, policymakers and the public about corporate governance, shareholder rights and related investment issues, and to advocate on members' behalf". It maintains its headquarters in Washington, D.C..

## Background

The CII was founded in 1985 by 21 public pension fund officials and has grown to include over 140 institutional investors (public, union and corporate employee benefit plans and foundations and endowments) with combined assets of $5 trillion as of October 2023.
The primary function of the CII is to develop and advocate for best practices in the field of corporate governance. These policies may relate to matters such as shareholder rights, executive compensation, CEO succession, and board refreshment. The CII explicitly advocates for equal shareholder voting rights under the "one share, one vote" principle of shareholder democracy. As such, the CII is against dual-class stock structures. The Council also engages with proxy advisory firms, which advise institutional investors on shareholder voting matters.
The CII itself has a 15-person board of directors that comprises 6 officer and 9 non-officer members.
# Trutnowo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Trutnowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubiewo, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Lubiewo, 22 km (14 mi) south-east of Tuchola, and 40 km (25 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.
# Joyce Cutler–Shaw

Joyce Arlene Cutler–Shaw (née Joyce Cutler; 1932–2018) was an American multidisciplinary artist, illustrator, and educator. She is known for her drawings of human and small animal bones. She also worked in many other mediums, including in installation art, sculpture, performance art, multimedia art, and artist books. Cutler–Shaw was also the founder of the Landmark Art Project, Inc., and Landmark Art Collaborative.

## Early life and education

Joyce Cutler was born on June 25, 1932 in Detroit, Michigan, and was raised in New York.
She studied at New York University, and received a B.A. degree in 1953, followed by further study at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), where she received a M.F.A. degree in 1972, in the first M.F.A. graduating class in visual arts at the university.
She was married to Jerome "Jerry" Shaw in the 1950s, and together they had three children.

## Career

Cutler–Shaw taught at the University of California, San Diego Extension (1972 to 1974), Palomar College (1974 to 1978), and at San Diego State University (1978 to 1980). She served in an artist-in-residence from 1992 to 2015, at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine. Her artwork often focused on the cycle of life and death. While in graduate school, she frequently visited the UCSD School of Medicine to draw the dead bodies and bones. Cutler–Shaw launched the artist-in-residence program in 1992, and served as the first artist.
Cutler–Shaw was the founder of the Landmark Art Project, Inc., and Landmark Art Collaborative (1985 to 1992). She had an "Art and Artist Lecture Series," which consists of interviews with visual artists that were documented on video, which included David Antin, Eleanor Antin, Edward Rusha, Christo, Allan Kaprow, John Cage, and John Baldessari.
She was part of the group exhibition 'Women of the Book" (1998) which traveled to four locations in Los Angeles, including to Finegood Art Gallery, the West Valley Jewish Community Center, 22622 Vanowen St., and West Hills Gallery. In 2007, Cutler–Shaw had a two person show alongside artist Sarah Perry, featuring drawings of the bones of small animals at the USC Fisher Museum of Art in Los Angeles.

## Death and legacy

Cutler–Shaw died on March 18, 2018, in San Diego, after struggling with a progressive neurological disease called corticobasal degeneration.
The UC San Diego Library’s Special Collections & Archives holds the Cutler–Shaw Papers. She has work in museum collections, including at the Walker Art Center.
She was the subject of the documentary film She is Fierce: the Art of Joyce Cutler-Shaw (2016), directed by Becky Cohen.
# Thomas Hattery

Thomas Harold Hattery (January 20, 1954 – October 10, 2024) was an American politician from the state of Maryland. He served as a Democratic member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing District 4A from 1983 to 1995, and ran for Maryland's 6th congressional district in 1980 and 1992. He died from cancer near Mount Airy, Maryland, on October 10, 2024, at the age of 70.

## Electoral history
### 1980

Maryland's 6th congressional district election, 1980 primary * denotes incumbent     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Beverly Byron* | 38,842 | 71.0 |
| | Democratic | Thomas Hattery | 6,388 | 11.7 |
| | Democratic | William B. McMahon | 3,880 | 7.1 |
| | Democratic | Kent Sullivan | 2,746 | 5.0 |
| | Democratic | Melvin C. Perkins | 1,457 | 2.7 |
| | Democratic | John J. Kubricky | 1,356 | 2.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 54,669 | 100 |

### 1982

Maryland House of Delegates, District 4A, 1982 election * denotes incumbent     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | George Littrell Jr. | 7,796 | 29.6 |
| | Democratic | Thomas Hattery | 7,279 | 27.6 |
| | Republican | Mary G. Williams | 6,652 | 25.3 |
| | Republican | Hugh M. Warner | 4,608 | 17.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 26,335 | 100 |

### 1986

Maryland House of Delegates, District 4A, 1986 election * denotes incumbent     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Thomas Hattery* | 9,014 | 31.7 |
| | Democratic | George Littrell Jr.* | 8,391 | 29.5 |
| | Republican | Kenneth R. Coffey | 7,954 | 27.9 |
| | Republican | Larry W. Cook | 3,113 | 10.9 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 28,472 | 100 |

### 1990

Maryland House of Delegates, District 4A, 1990 election * denotes incumbent     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | George Littrell Jr.* | 10,424 | 36.8 |
| | Democratic | Thomas Hattery* | 10,209 | 36.0 |
| | Republican | Seth F. Stein | 7,717 | 27.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 28,350 | 100 |

### 1992

Maryland's 6th congressional district election, 1992 primary * denotes incumbent     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Thomas Hattery | 29,959 | 56.1 |
| | Democratic | Beverly Byron* | 23,434 | 43.9 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 53,393 | 100 |
Maryland's 6th congressional district election, 1992 election * denotes incumbent     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Roscoe Bartlett | 125,564 | 54.2 |
| | Democratic | Thomas Hattery | 106,224 | 45.8 |
| | | scattering | 69 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 231,857 | 100 |

### 1994

Maryland House of Delegates, District 4A, 1994 election * denotes incumbent     Source: :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | David R. Brinkley | 12,296 | 30.9 |
| | Republican | Paul S. Stull | 11,789 | 29.6 |
| | Democratic | Thomas Hattery* | 9,900 | 24.9 |
| | Democratic | Thomas Gordon Slater | 5,785 | 14.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 39,770 | 100 |
# Blewett Falls Lake

Blewett Falls Lake (sometimes incorrectly spelled as Blewitt Falls Lake) is a reservoir located in Anson and Richmond counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. No bridges span the lake. It is a major lake in the Uwharrie Lakes Region and the southernmost and widest body in this chain of lakes. Created by the damming of the Great Pee Dee River, the lake occupies the former Blewett Falls on that river, which were named after an early local family. The lake was created for hydropower in the early 20th century.
The lake is located at 34°58′58″N 79°52′40″W﻿ / ﻿34.98278°N 79.87778°W﻿ / 34.98278; -79.87778 and has a surface area of 2,560 acres (10 km$^2$) at an elevation of 178 ft (54 m) above sea level with 34 mi (55 km) of shoreline. .

## Aircraft crash

On April 28, 1992, a United States Air Force Lockheed C-130E Hercules, (AF Ser. No. 64-0501, c/n 3985, of the 317th Tactical Airlift Wing) from Pope AFB crashed into the lake during a training mission. All nine crewmembers were killed.
# Anisomorpha ferruginea

Anisomorpha ferruginea is a species in the family Pseudophasmatidae ("striped walkingsticks"), in the order Phasmatodea ("walkingsticks"). Common names include "northern two-striped walkingstick", "dark walkingstick", and "prairie alligator". Anisomorpha ferruginea is found in North America. This insect can spray a defensive mist that contains a terpene dialdehyde.
# Wojciech Klata

Wojciech Klata (born 27 January 1976) is a Polish actor. He starred in the opening episode of the Dekalog series directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski. He has appeared in nearly 20 films and television shows since 1988. In 1993, he played the role of Lisiek in the Steven Spielberg directed historical drama Schindler's List.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1988 | Amerykanka | | |
| 1989 | Dekalog | Paweł | TV Mini-Series, 1 episode |
| 1989 | 300 Miles to Heaven | Grzes | |
| 1990 | Korczak | Szloma | |
| 1992 | Szwadron | Symcha | |
| 1992 | Pierścionek z orłem w koronie | Labeda | |
| 1992 | Enak | Mario Salerno | |
| 1993 | Schindler's List | Lisiek | |
| 1995 | Awantura o Basie | | |
| 2000 | Boys Don't Cry | Oskar | |
| 2000 | Musisz zyc | Jacek | |
| 2002 | Król przedmiescia | Seweryn Kowalski | TV series, 13 episodes |
# 1923 South Atlantic Association season

The 1923 South Atlantic Association was a Class B baseball season played between April 16 and September 9. Six teams played a 150-game schedule, with the top team in each half of the season qualifying for the playoffs.
The Charlotte Hornets won the South Atlantic Association championship, defeating the Macon Peaches in the playoffs.

## Teams

1923 South Atlantic Association :
| Team | City | MLB Affiliate | Stadium |
| Augusta Tygers | Augusta, Georgia | None | Academy Park |
| Charleston Pals Macon Peaches | Charleston, South Carolina Macon, Georgia | None | University Field Central City Park |
| Charlotte Hornets | Charlotte, North Carolina | None | Wearn Field |
| Columbia Comers Gastonia Comers | Columbia, South Carolina Gastonia, North Carolina | None | Comer Field Gastonia High School |
| Greenville Spinners | Greenville, South Carolina | None | McBee Field |
| Spartanburg Spartans | Spartanburg, South Carolina | None | Wofford Park |

## Regular season
### Summary

* The Charlotte Hornets finish the season with the best record for the first time in team history.
* On June 5, the Charleston Pals relocated to Macon, Georgia and were renamed the Macon Peaches.
* On July 26, the Columbia Comers relocated to Gastonia, North Carolina and were renamed the Gastonia Comers.
* Despite finishing in fifth place with a record twelve-games under .500, the Macon Peaches qualified for the post-season as they had the best record in the second half of the season.

### Standings

South Atlantic Association :
| Team | Win | Loss | % | GB |
| Charlotte Hornets | 89 | 55 | .618 | – |
| Greenville Spinners | 77 | 65 | .542 | 11 |
| Augusta Tygers | 73 | 62 | .541 | 11.5 |
| Spartanburg Spartans | 74 | 66 | .529 | 13 |
| Charleston Pals / Macon Peaches | 64 | 76 | .457 | 23 |
| Columbia Comers / Gastonia Comers | 44 | 96 | .314 | 43 |

## League Leaders
### Batting leaders

| Stat | Player | Total |
| AVG | Zinn Beck, Greenville Spinners | .370 |
| H | George Rhinehardt, Greenville Spinners | 212 |
| 2B | George Rhinehardt, Greenville Spinners | 44 |
| 3B | George Rhinehardt, Greenville Spinners | 28 |
| HR | Ben Paschal, Charlotte Hornets | 26 |

### Pitching leaders

| Stat | Player | Total |
| W | Lee Bolt, Charlotte Hornets | 20 |
| ERA | Rufe Clarke, Augusta Tygers | 2.91 |
| IP | Roy Meeker, Columbia Comers / Gastonia Comers | 306.0 |

## Playoffs

* The Charlotte Hornets won their first South Atlantic League championship, defeating the Macon Peaches in five games.

### Playoff bracket

| Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | Charlotte | 4 |
| 2 | Macon | 1 |
# Trzciany, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Trzciany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sępólno Krajeńskie, within Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Sępólno Krajeńskie and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.
# Pedal

A pedal (from the Latin pes pedis, "foot") is a lever designed to be operated by foot and may refer to:

## Computers and other equipment

* Footmouse, a foot-operated computer mouse
* In medical transcription, a pedal is used to control playback of voice dictations

## Geometry

* Pedal curve, a curve derived by construction from a given curve
* Pedal triangle, a triangle obtained by projecting a point onto the sides of a triangle

## Music
### Albums

* Pedals (Rival Schools album)
* Pedals (Speak album)

### Other music

* Bass drum pedal, a pedal used to play a bass drum while leaving the drummer's hands free to play other drums with drum sticks, hands, etc.
* Effects pedal, a pedal used commonly for electric guitars
* Pedal keyboard, a musical keyboard operated by the player's feet
* Pedal harp, a modern orchestral harp with pedals used to change the tuning of its strings
* Pedal point, a type of nonchord tone, usually in the bass
* Pedal tone, a fundamental tone played on brass instruments
* Piano pedals, typically three pedals used to soften, sustain, or selectively sustain notes played on a piano
* Pedal piano, a kind of piano that includes a pedalboard
* Player piano, a kind of piano which plays prerecorded music, some designs of which are driven by pedals
* The damper mechanism on a vibraphone, also known as a "pedal"

## Transportation

* Bicycle pedal, the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot to propel the vehicle
* Pedalo, a small boat, usually for recreation, propelled by one or more occupants using bicycle style pedals
* Automobile pedal, such as the accelerator, brake, and clutch, see car controls
* Pedals (The Nottingham Cycling Campaign), a cycling advocacy group in Nottingham, England
* Rudder pedal, to control yaw on an airplane

## Other uses

* Pedal bin, a container with a lid operated by a foot pedal
* Pedal bone or coffin bone, the last phalanx and most distal bone in the front and rear legs of horses, cattle, pigs, and other ruminants
* Pedals (bear)
# Legal Aid Society of the District of Columbia

The Legal Aid Society of the District of Columbia is the oldest and largest civil legal aid organization in Washington, D.C.
Created in 1932, the Legal Aid Society provides representation and legal services to indigent residents of the District of Columbia in areas like domestic violence (including restraining orders), housing, public benefits, and consumer law. During the recession of 2008 to 2009, the Legal Aid Society managed to expand legal services even as gifts from lawyers and law firms declined 15 to 20 percent. In 2014, it provided legal services to approximately 8,800 indigent Washingtonians. In 2017, it filed a lawsuit in federal court alleging widespread problems with the District’s food stamp program.
# Boardman River Nature Center

The Boardman River Nature Center is a nature center in Traverse City, Michigan. It is operated by the Grand Traverse Conservation District, a regional parkland authority. The nature center is dedicated to educating residents of Grand Traverse County about the animals and plants of the area, especially those native to the Boardman River valley.

## Description

The Nature Center serves as the interpretive center and management headquarters for the Grand Traverse Natural Education Reserve, a 505-acre local park and natural area. The Conservation District reports that the Reserve contains Northern Michigan woodlands and wetlands. Local fauna center on small game of varieties once harvested in the local fur trade, including whitetail deer, red fox, mink, and otter. A segment of flowing water is often dammed by a family of beaver to create an active beaver pond.
The park reserve features ponds and wetlands of the Boardman River above Boardman Lake. 7 miles of trails give visitors access to the resources of the Reserve.