OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Azekah

The siege of Azekah was a battle between the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the Kingdom of Judah. It preceded the Siege of Lachish, making it the first known clash between the two kingdoms during Sennacherib's campaign in Judah. The most important source for the battle is the Azekah Inscription. The battle is not mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

## Background

Several kingdoms in the Levant ceased to pay taxes to the Assyrian King, Sennacherib; as a result, he set out on a campaign to once again subjugate the rebelling kingdoms, among them the Jewish Kingdom of Judah led by King Hezekiah. After defeating the rebels of Ekron in Philistia he set out to subjugate Judah and in his way to Jerusalem he came across Azekah, among the most important Jewish cities.

## Battlefield

* The hill
Azekah was a walled settlement situated on a hill, typical of important Jewish cities at the time.

## Order of battle
### The Assyrian army

* Sennacherib at the head of his army
* Modern drawing of Assyrian troops as seen in Assyrian reliefs
* Assyrian troops with a siege engine
The Assyrian Army was the most formidable fighting force of its time and was divided mostly into three different categories:
* Infantry, which included both close-combat troops using spears, and archers. There were also hired mercenaries throwing stones. The infantry was highly trained and worked alongside military engineers in order to breach sieges.
* Cavalry; the Assyrian cavalry was among the finest in the ancient Middle East and included both close-combat cavalry with spears and mounted archers which could both use the agility of the horses alongside long-range attacks.
* Chariots, which were better equipped for open land-engagements than sieges.

### The Jewish army

* Modern depiction of a Jewish King and troops
The Jewish military force was dwarfed compared to the large, professional Assyrian army. Jewish forces mostly included local militias and mercenaries. There were barely any cavalrymen and chariots in the Jewish army, which mostly included infantry, either for close combat (spearmen) or long range combat (archers); they were also significantly less organized than the Assyrians.

## Battle

The battle is depicted in the Azekah Inscription, in which Sennacherib mentions some details about the battle. He mentions that he used battering rams to bring down the walls which was followed by close quarters combat between the opposing sides' infantry. Afterwards, Sennacherib ordered his cavalry to charge into the city, leading many of the defenders to rout.
Sennacherib then looted and razed the city.

## Aftermath

After the destruction and looting of Azekah, Sennacherib led his army further into Judah, which he once again commanded during the Siege of Lachish.

## Ancient sources

Azekah Inscription
# Battle of Diyala River

The Battle of Diyala River took place in 693 BC between the forces of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the Elamites of southern Iran.

## Assyrian expansion

From the 9th century BC onwards, the Assyrians had been expanding their domain from northern Mesopotamia into Judea and Babylon. After defeating the Babylonians in 689 BC, King Sennacherib sought to punish the Kingdom of Elam for its support towards Babylonia.

## Battle

Prior to the battle, Sennacherib had sacked a number of Elamite settlements in 694 BC in an attempt to assert his authority over the region. Despite this, the Elamites, with their Chaldean allies from Babylon, managed to raise an army and met the Assyrian forces of Sennacherib in 693 BC at the Diyala River. According to the Assyrian account of the battle, the Elamites were heavily defeated. However, many historians believe that the Assyrians suffered heavy casualties since they failed to launch any invasions in 692 BC. In 647 BC, the Assyrians returned and this time destroyed the Kingdom of Elam.

## References and further reading

* Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat, by R.G. Grant. (ISBN 9780756613600)
# ZS Associates

ZS Associates is a management consulting and professional services firm focusing on consulting, software, and technology. Headquartered in Evanston, Illinois, it provides healthcare, private equity, and technology services. The firm was founded in 1983 by two professors at Northwestern University who developed sales force alignment models using the world’s first personal-computer-aided territory mapping system.
The firm employs more than 12,000 employees in 35 offices in North America, South America, Europe and Asia.
The company was chosen by Forbes magazine as one of America’s best management and consulting firms in 2019 and has been awarded for its company culture by Consulting magazine for several years in a row. The Human Rights Campaign Foundation has also been recognized the company for earning 100 percent on their Annual Corporate Equality Index for LGBTQ workplace equality.

## History

ZS Associates was founded in 1983 by Andris (Andy) Zoltners, Frederic Esser Nemmers, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management, and Prabhakant (Prabha) Sinha, a former associate professor of marketing at the Kellogg School of Management. At Kellogg, Sinha and Zoltners developed a side business advising companies on sales and marketing, which evolved into ZS Associates.
In 1982, Zoltners and Sinha presented their sales force sizing and territory alignment models to their academic colleagues, demonstrating the world’s first personal-computer-aided territory mapping system. In 1983, Sinha joined Zoltners at Northwestern, and the pair founded ZS Associates in their off hours, offering companies increased sales force efficiency using their now-proven territory mapping software. In its first three years, ZS had helped eight of the 10 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, including Pfizer, align territories and resize their sales forces. By that time, the 25-member team worked on 100 or more projects in a dozen countries—including the United States, Canada and many European countries.
Through the 1990s, ZS continued to develop its capabilities, adding data warehousing, market forecasting, market research and analytical services for their clients. The firm also began sales force incentive compensation program auditing, design and implementation during these years.

## Acquisitions

The company purchased the assets of BASES Pharmaceuticals Forecasting from Nielsen.
In 2021, the company purchased Medullan, a company specializing in digital health and digital medicine strategies and solutions. In 2022, Danish bioinformatics and systems biology company Intomics was acquired for an undisclosed amount.
In February 2023, ZS purchased the intelligent design company Trials.ai.
In June 2024, the company acquired Digital Additive.

## Industries

ZS operates as a strategic, long-term advisor to its clients, in the following incomplete list of industries:
* Pharmaceuticals and Biotech
* Medical Technology
* Health Plans
* Travel and Hospitality
* Industrials and Business Services
* High-Tech and Telecommunications
* Financial Services
* Private Equity
# Tararua clara

Tararua clara is a species of Agelenidae that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1973 by Ray Forster and Cecil Wilton from female and male specimens. The holotype is stored in Te Papa Museum under registration number AS.000015.

## Description

The female is recorded at 4.32mm in length whereas the male is 4.00mm.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Wellington, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size" and "Data Poor: Trend".
# Möxämmädiä

Möxəmmədiyə (Tatar: Мөхәммәдия, Möxämmädiyä, مرجانیة) was a madrasa in Kazan that was attached to Ğəliev Mosque [tt].

## Brief history

It was created in 1882 by Ğəlimcan Barudi with the assistance of Zəynulla Rəsül and received its name in honour of Möxəmmətcan Ğəli, a merchant, at whose expense madrasa's building was constructed. The sole head of Möxəmmədiyə was Ğəlimcan Barudi; during his absence his duties were performed by his junior brother, Ğabdraxman.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Möxəmmədiyə was the biggest madrasa in Idel-Ural region with about 800 shakirds (students) studying simultaneously; its educational programs and organization of the educational process was a model for many madrasas in the region. Apart from religious disciplines, there were taught Tatar and Russian languages, mathematics, geography, natural sciences, medicine, hygiene, general history, history of Tatar people and of Russia, pedagogy and other non-religious subjects.

## Famous teachers and students

* Teachers: Ğəziz Ğöbəydullin, Borhan Şərəf, Əxmətcan Mostafin, Kəşşaf Tərcemani, Əbübəker Teregulov, Səyetgərəy Alkin, Yosıf Aqçura and others.
* Fatix Əmirxan, Xuca Bədiği, Məcit Ğafuri, Ğəliəsğar Kamal, Baqi Urmançe, Kərim Tinçurin, Xösəyen Yamaşev, Nəqi İsənbət are among the famous students of Möxəmmədiyə.
# The Crows of Pearblossom

The Crows of Pearblossom is a 1944 short story written by English writer Aldous Huxley. In 1967, the story was published by Random House as a children's book illustrated by Barbara Cooney. A picture book version illustrated by Sophie Blackall was published in 2011 by Abrams Books for Young Readers.

## Plot

This story, written Christmas of 1944, tells the story of Mr. and Mrs. Crow, who live in a cotton-wood tree at Pearblossom. Due to the Rattlesnake living at the bottom of the tree, Mrs. Crow's eggs are never able to hatch. After catching the snake eating her 297th egg that year (she does not work on Sundays), Mrs. Crow requests that Mr. Crow go into the hole and kill the snake. Thinking better of it, Mr. Crow confers with his wise friend, Mr. Owl. Mr. Owl bakes mud into two stone eggs and paints them to resemble Mrs. Crow's eggs. These dummy eggs are left in the nest to trick the Rattlesnake, who unknowingly eats them the next day. When the eggs get to his stomach, they cause the Rattlesnake such pain, that he thrashes about, tying himself in knots around the branches. Mrs. Crow goes on to hatch "four families of seventeen children each" and "uses the snake as a clothesline on which to hang the little crows' diapers".

## History

Huxley wrote the story for his niece, Olivia de Haulleville, who spent long periods of time with him and his wife Maria in their desert house in Llano in Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California. They took walks together, and Aldous and Maria would delight in telling stories to the little five-year-old girl.
When Olivia and her family moved to Pearblossom, four miles from Llano, the Huxleys spent Christmas with the de Haullevilles and made excursions in the desert they loved. Aldous wrote The Crows of Pearblossom during such a Christmas holiday in 1944, mentioning in it Olivia's and her brother Siggy's neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Yost. The Yosts kept a copy of the story, as the original manuscript had been returned to Aldous with the request that he illustrate it. The Bel Air Fire that destroyed his house in 1961, and his own death in 1963, left the story nearly in oblivion for many years. By 1967, Olivia had become Mrs. Yorgo Cassapidis, living on the island of Hydra in Greece with a five-year-old daughter of her own, Melina.
Olivia de Haulleville is now living in the Southern California desert near Joshua Tree National Park and is writing her memoirs. In 2000 she published Pilgrimage to Java, An Esoteric History of Buddhism, ISBN 0-595-14861-1. Her son, Michael A. Cassapidis, is a Tibetan monk in the Gelug-pa order.

## The Snake's Poem

   I cannot fly- I have no wings; I cannot run- I have no legs; But I can creep where the black bird sings And eat her speckled eggs, ha, ha, And eat her speckled eggs.

## Publication history

* Huxley, Aldous (1967). The Crows of Pearblossom. Illustrated by Barbara Cooney. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-8109-9730-1.
* Huxley, Aldous (2011). The Crows of Pearblossom. Illustrated by Sophie Blackall. New York: Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-9730-1.
# Geoffrey Raisman

Professor Geoffrey (Geoff) Raisman FRS (28 June 1939 – 27 January 2017) was a British neuroscientist.

## Personal life

He was born in Leeds and died in London. His parents were Harry and Celia Raisman, both also born in Leeds. Geoffrey's grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Lithuania. He describes his family's story in his book, The Undark Sky. Raisman was not religious. He attended Roundhay School and Pembroke College, Oxford.

## Career

He was chair of neural regeneration at University College London's Institute of Neurology. In 2014, his team claimed to have regrown nerve cells where they had been severed, restoring the damaged spinal cord of the Polish paraplegic Darek Fidyka.
# Riverside Hangar

The Riverside Hangar is a historic hangar complex at the St. Paul Downtown Airport in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. It comprises two parallel hangars with a connecting structure and some additions. Built on the bank of the Mississippi River in 1942, it was part of a bomber modification center that operated at the airport during World War II. The two hangar buildings were constructed with glued laminated timber arches, an innovation born of wartime steel shortages. Half the arches were manufactured in Peshtigo, WI by Unit Structures, Inc. and half by Rilco Laminated Products, Inc. at Albert Lea, MN. Their important design features were their low cost and that they were erectable quickly by unskilled workers. Riverside Hangar was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its state-level significance in the theme of engineering. It was nominated for being one of Minnesota's leading examples of glued laminated timber construction.

## Description

The two parallel hangars are both 600 feet (180 m) long, 168 feet (51 m) wide, and 50 feet (15 m) high. They are 74 feet (23 m) apart, with a wooden structure between them.
# Eddie Millar

Eddie Millar (24 June 1938 – 12 November 2024) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Derawal Nagar

Derawal Nagar is a neighbourhood in North Delhi. It is named after people of the Derawal community. Originally native to the Derajat region (districts of Dera Ismail Khan and Dera Ghazi Khan in present-day Pakistan). These individuals, who are mostly Hindu, were settled here after the partition of India in 1947. It comprises two blocks A and B.
# Claudia Sturm

Claudia Sturm (born 27 September 1962) is a German handball player who played for the West German national team. She was born in Heppenheim. She represented West Germany at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where the West German team placed fourth.
# Malaipaṭukaṭām

Sangam literature :
Agattiyam
Tolkāppiyam :
Eighteen Greater Texts :
Related topics :
Sangam
Sangam landscape
Tamil history from Sangam literature
Ancient Tamil music :
Eighteen Lesser Texts :
Nālaṭiyār
Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai
Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu
Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu
Kār Nāṟpatu
Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu
Aintiṇai Aimpatu
Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu
Aintinai Eḻupatu
Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu
Tirukkuṟaḷ
Tirikaṭukam
Ācārakkōvai
Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
Ciṟupañcamūlam
Mutumoḻikkānci
Elāti
Kainnilai :
Bhakti Literature :
Naalayira Divya Prabandham
Ramavataram
Tevaram
Tirumuṟai :
vte :
Malaipaṭukaṭām (Tamil: மலைபடுகடாம்) is an ancient Tamil poem in the Pattuppāṭṭu anthology of the Sangam literature. Authored by Perunkunrur Perunkausikanar who is considered as a Brahmin due to his name Kausikanar which denotes the Vedic Rishi Kaushika, it consists of 583 lines according to Kamil Zvelebil lines that describe the nature scenes, the people and the culture of mountain countryside under king Nannan. The poem is dated approximately to 210 CE by Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature scholar. The lengthy poem mentions the Hindu god Maha Vishnu primarily. Maha Vishnu was considered as the "Supreme Deity" in the poem and worshiped by many saints and kings. It also mentions the goddess of wealth, Lakshmi in lines 463–464 and the "goddess who sits enthroned on Maha Vishnus chest". There are also mentions where the king is looking similar to the god Murugan – the god of war (line 651).
The title of the poem Malaipatukatam, also spelled Malaipadukadam, is found in lines 347–348 of the poem in the context of "roaring elephants in rut". The title has been interpreted in two ways. Some scholars translate it as "the secretion oozing from the mountains", while others as "the sound of katam which arises in the mountains". Either is metonymically interpreted as "the Echo of the Mountains". The poem is also known as Kūttarāṟṟupaṭai (Kuttararruppatai), lit. "Guide to the Dancing Minstrels", a title that suggests that it is an arruppatai-genre poem.
The Malaipatukatam is known for its similes, some of which are also found in other Sangam poems. It paints a vivid picture of the hilly region (near Chengam, then called Chenkama), the people, the troupes of actors and their musical instruments. The poem describes the beauty of the female singers and dancers. Other lines present the valor of virtues king Nannan. His capital city is described, along with a long catalog-like description of the birds, animals, trees, flowers, and fruits found in the hilly kingdom.
The guide outlines some natural dangers faced by troupes as they travel from one performance site to another, and the generous hospitality they will receive from villagers along their way. It mentions servings of alcohol made from rice that is aged in bamboos, a meal of rice, buttermilk, avarai beans and tamarind gravy. A few lines in the Malaipatukatam mention the shepherds, the fishermen and the farmers along the Cheyyar River (Seyaru). The women in these regions, states the poem, sing songs as they pound and husk the grains.
# Battle of Pometia

The Battle of Pometia took place in 502 BC, a year after a revolt by two Latin towns, Pometia and Cora, against Rome. A Roman army led by the consuls Agrippa Menenius Lanatus and Publius Postumius Tubertus was eventually successful in forcing the Pometians to surrender.

## Background

In 503 BC, two Latin towns, Pometia and Cora, said by Livy to be colonies of Rome, revolted against Rome. They had the assistance of the southern Aurunci tribe.

## Battle

Livy says that a Roman army led by the consuls Agrippa Menenius Lanatus and Publius Postumius Tubertus met the enemy on the frontiers and was victorious, after which the war was confined to Pometia. Livy says many enemy prisoners were slaughtered by each side. Livy also says that the consuls celebrated a triumph, however the Fasti Triumphales record that an ovation was celebrated by Postumius and a triumph by Menenius, both over the Sabines.

## Aftermath

In the following year the consuls were Opiter Virginius and Spurius Cassius. Livy says that they attempted to take Pometia by storm, but then resorted to siege engines. However the Aurunci launched a successful sally, destroying the siege engines, wounding many, and nearly killing one of the consuls. The Romans retreated to Rome, recruited additional troops, and returned to Pometia. They rebuilt the siege engines and when they were about to take the town, the Pometians surrendered. The Aurunci leaders were beheaded, the Pometians sold into slavery, the town razed and the land sold. Livy says the consuls celebrated a triumph as a result of the victory. The Fasti Triumphales record only one triumph, by Cassius (possibly over the Sabines although the inscription is unclear).
# Thasus (bug)

Thasus is an insect genus of the Coreidae, or leaf-footed bugs. It is a genus in the New World Nematopodini tribe that feeds on plants. It is chiefly found in Central America, but species also occur in South America, and as far north as the American Southwest.

## History

In 1862, Carl Stål distinguished two types in the then existing genus Pachylis, those where the muscle widening (dilation) of the hind-leg tibia occurs only ventrally (downward), and those where it occurs on both sides (ventrally and dorsally). In 1865, he separated these into two genera, leaving the ventral only type in Pachylis, and moving the three species with the muscle widening on both sides into the newly established genus Thasus. Those three species then became Thasus acutangulus, Thasus gigas and Thasus heteropus. In 1867 he published a key to the two genera. Van Duzee later picked Thasus gigas as the type species (logotype) for the genus, as he felt that it best represented the characteristics of the genus.

## Species

* Thasus acutangulus (Stål, 1859)
* Thasus carchinus Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1995
* Thasus gigas (Klug, 1835)
* Thasus heteropus (Latreille, 1811)
* Thasus luteolus Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1995
* Thasus neocalifornicus Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1995
* Thasus odonnellae Schaefer & Packauskas in Brailovsky et al., 1995
* Thasus rutilus Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1995
# Harold Logan (footballer)

Harold Logan (18 March 1906 – 28 May 1995) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Port Adelaide Football Club. During his career he averaged over two goals a game and won a premiership with Port Adelaide in 1928.
Harold Logan kicked four goals during the 1928 SAFL Grand Final against Norwood.
# Syracuse

Syracuse most commonly refers to:
* Syracuse, Sicily
* Syracuse, New York
Syracuse may also refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Syracuse, Indiana
* Syracuse, Kansas
* Syracuse, Missouri
* Syracuse, Nebraska
* Syracuse, Ohio
* Syracuse, Oregon
* Syracuse, Utah

## Other

* Syracuse (satellite), a series of French military communications satellites
* Syracuse Mets, a minor league baseball club
* Syracuse University, in Syracuse, New York
** Syracuse Orange, the collective identity for Syracuse University athletic teams
# Anthonie Knapp

Anthonie Knapp is an American college football offensive tackle for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.

## Early life

Knapp attended Roswell High School in Roswell, Georgia. He was rated as a three-star recruit and the 41st overall offensive tackle in his class, and committed to play college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish over offers from schools such as Penn State, Virginia Tech, Georgia Tech, North Carolina, Duke, Missouri and Louisville.

## College career

Knapp was named the Fighting Irish's starting left tackle ahead of his freshman season in 2024 after starter Charles Jagusah suffered a season-ending injury. Knapp was also named to the preseason freshman all-American team. In the 2025 Orange Bowl, Knapp exited the game in the second quarter with an injury. After starting every game for the Fighting Irish in 2024, Knapp was named a freshman all-American.
# DiFilm

The DiFilm Archive (Spanish : Archivo DiFilm) is a private film archive founded by Roberto Di Chiara in 1949. It is dedicated to the preservation and restoration of 35 mm and 16 mm films, and also houses photos, magazines, and sound recordings. The main storage facilities are located in Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires.
It is the largest image bank in South America, and is also the most diverse private archive on the planet and the fourth most abundant (in general terms), only surpassed by the Library of Congress, and the archives of Germany and France. It holds seven million hours of film.

## History

DiFilm was founded in Florencio Varela, in 1949 by journalist and television producer Roberto Di Chiara.
The archive consists of—according to a 1999 article in Página 12—twenty-five thousand feature films in the original 35 or 16 mm format, fifty-two thousand newsreels from Argentina and around the world, thirty-four thousand radio broadcasts, With approximately six hundred thousand catalogued hours, Archivo DiFilm has 10% of its material catalogued and classified.
The main archive stores are located in Florencio Varela, where Roberto Di Chiara always wanted to create a museum dedicated to the film, either Argentine or Latin American.
On 14 May 2008, Roberto Di Chiara passed away, and his sons, Luis Mariano Di Chiara and Daniel, along with his grandson, Maximiliano Di Chiara, took over the management of the archive.