OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Viewpoints: Mathematical Perspective and Fractal Geometry in Art

Viewpoints: Mathematical Perspective and Fractal Geometry in Art is a textbook on mathematics and art. It was written by mathematicians Marc Frantz and Annalisa Crannell, and published in 2011 by the Princeton University Press (ISBN 9780691125923). The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has recommended it for inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.

## Topics

The first seven chapters of the book concern perspectivity, while its final two concern fractals and their geometry. Topics covered within the chapters on perspectivity include coordinate systems for the plane and for Euclidean space, similarity, angles, and orthocenters, one-point and multi-point perspective, and anamorphic art. In the fractal chapters, the topics include self-similarity, exponentiation, and logarithms, and fractal dimension. Beyond this mathematical material, the book also describes methods for artists to depict scenes in perspective, and for viewers of art to understand the perspectives in the artworks they see, for instance by finding the optimal point from which to view an artwork. The chapters are ordered by difficulty, and begin with experiments that the students can perform on their own to motivate the material in each chapter.
The book is heavily illustrated by artworks and photography (such as the landscapes of Ansel Adams) and includes a series of essays or interviews by contemporary artists on the mathematical content of their artworks. An appendix contains suggestions aimed at teachers of this material.

## Audience and reception

Viewpoints is intended as a textbook for mathematics classes aimed at undergraduate liberal arts students, as a way to show these students how geometry can be used in their everyday life. However, it could even be used for high school art students, and reviewer Paul Kelley writes that "it will be of value to anyone interested in an elementary introduction to the mathematics and practice of perspective drawing". It differs from many other liberal arts mathematics textbooks in its relatively narrow focus on geometry and perspective, and its avoidance of more well-covered ground in mathematics and the arts such as symmetry and the geometry of polyhedra.
Although reviewer Blake Mellor complains that the connection between the material on perspective and on fractal geometry "feels forced", he concludes that "this is an excellent text". Reviewer Paul Kelley writes that the book's "step-by-step progression" through its topics makes it "readable [and] easy-to-follow", and that "Students can learn a great deal from this book." Reviewer Alexander Bogomolny calls it "an elegant fusion of mathematical ideas and practical aspects of fine art".
# Rui Baião

Rui Miguel Marques Baião (born 4 September 1980) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Montijo, Setúbal District, Baião joined S.L. Benfica's youth system at the age of 15, making his senior debuts with the B-team in the third division. His maiden appearance in the Primeira Liga occurred on 8 April 2001, as he started in a 3–0 home win against C.S. Marítimo on 8 April 2001, and he scored the first of three goals in the competition during his career on 20 May of that year in a 1–1 draw at S.C. Salgueiros.
After terminating his contract, Baião was supposed to sign with FC Porto via Varzim S.C. but it never materialized. From 2002 to 2011 he alternated between the top flight and the second level, representing Varzim, C.F. Estrela da Amadora, Gil Vicente FC, Portimonense SC, S.C. Olhanense and C.D. Fátima. He also had a brief stint in Greece, with A.O. Kerkyra.
Baião retired in January 2014 whilst at the service of lower league side C.D. Pinhalnovense, due to a heart condition. He was 33 years old.
# Suikoden I & II

Suikoden I & II (Japanese: 幻想水滸伝I&II) is a 2006 video game compilation developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation Portable. It contains enhanced ports of the first two games in the Suikoden series, Suikoden (1995) and Suikoden II (1998) for the PlayStation Portable. Both games are combined in one Universal Media Disc (UMD), in which the player can choose which Suikoden game they want to play, as well as a third choice which is "Gallery" (ギャラリー).
A high definition English localization version of the compilation, under the title Suikoden I & II HD Remaster: Gate Rune and Dunan Unification Wars was announced on September 16, 2022. It includes graphical improvements such as enhanced backgrounds and redrawn portraits, new and enhanced sound effects, new world map system, and quality of life features such as a fast-forward toggle for battles. It was originally scheduled for a worldwide release in 2023 for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows and Xbox One but on August 30, 2023, it was announced that the remaster has been delayed. On August 27, 2024, it was announced that the remaster has been rescheduled for a March 6, 2025 release date and will also have versions for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S.

## Development

Several changes from the original versions were made for this compilation. The player is now able to move their character diagonally inside places and over the world map. Graphics have been slightly enhanced and redone to fit widescreen. This includes an extension of some places which were designed for PAL and NTSC televisions.

## Reception

Suikoden I & II sold 21,707 copies in Japan, considered low based on the critical reception of the original games.
# 2021 United Nations Security Council election

The 2021 United Nations Security Council election was held on 11 June 2021 during the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The elections are for five non-permanent seats on the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 2022. In accordance with the Security Council's rotation rules, whereby the ten non-permanent UNSC seats rotate among the various regional blocs into which UN member states traditionally divide themselves for voting and representation purposes, the five available seats are allocated as follows:
* Two for the African Group
* One for the Asia-Pacific Group. By tradition, this seat is expected to be filled by an Arab state in the Asia-Pacific group (the prior Arab member, Tunisia, being African).
* One for the Latin American and Caribbean Group
* One for the Eastern European Group
The five members will serve on the Security Council for the 2022–23 period.

## Candidates
### African Group

* Gabon
* Ghana
* Democratic Republic of the Congo

### Asia-Pacific Group

* United Arab Emirates
* Iran

### Latin America and the Caribbean

* Brazil

### Eastern Europe Group

* Albania

## Result
### African and Asia-Pacific Groups

African and Asia-Pacific Groups election results :
| Member | Round 1 |
| Ghana | 185 |
| Gabon | 183 |
| United Arab Emirates | 179 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 3 |
| Iran | 1 |
| valid ballots | 190 |
| abstentions | 0 |
| present and voting | 190 |
| required majority | 127 |

### Latin American and Caribbean Group

Latin American and Caribbean Group election results :
| Member | Round 1 |
| Brazil | 181 |
| Peru | 1 |
| valid ballots | 190 |
| abstentions | 8 |
| present and voting | 182 |
| required majority | 122 |

### Eastern European Group

Eastern European Group election results :
| Member | Round 1 |
| Albania | 175 |
| valid ballots | 189 |
| invalid ballots | 1 |
| abstentions | 14 |
| present and voting | 175 |
| required majority | 117 |
2021 marked the first time Albania ever held a Security Council seat. It was Brazil's eleventh time, Gabon's and Ghana's fourth time, and the UAE's second time sitting on the Security Council.
# Brian Greer (ice hockey)

Brian Greer (born July 15, 1974, in Orillia, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who last played for the Odense Bulldogs in the top Danish ice hockey league, AL-Bank Ligaen.

## Professional career

Following Greer's junior hockey with the Gloucester Rangers in the CJHL, he played two years with the Muskegon Fury of the Colonial Hockey League. Greer spent the next 6 seasons playing for the Bracknell Bees of the Ice Hockey Superleague (ISL) in the United Kingdom. The Bees were league champions in the 1999–2000 season.
Greer signed with SønderjyskE of the Danish AL-Bank Ligaen for the 2003–04 season and has played in Denmark since then. He has played for two championship teams in Denmark, in 2005–06 and in 2008–09; both SønderjyskE teams. Greer has also played for Aalborg in the Danish ice hockey league.

## Awards

* Named to the All-Star Team in the 1995 Centennial Cup
* Shared the Bracknell Bees Players Player of the Year award with Joe Ferraccioli 1996–1997
* Best Defenceman with the Bracknell Bees 1999–2000
* Named to the 2nd ISL All-Star Team 1999–2000
* Best Defenceman with the Bracknell Bees 2000–2001
* Players Player of the Year with the Bracknell Bees 2000–2001
* Voted Import Player of the Year with the Vojens Lions (SønderjyskE) 2003–2004
* Named to the Danish All-Star Team for the Season 2003–2004
* Voted Best Goaltender in Denmark 2003–2004
* Named to the Danish All-Star Team for the Season 2005–2006

## Records

* On Jan 6, 2004 playing for SønderjyskE, Greer became the first professional ice hockey goaltender in Denmark to score a goal.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Named to the All-Star Team in the 1995 Centennial Cup". Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Players Player of the Year with the Bracknell Bees Season 1996–1997". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Best Defenceman with the Bracknell Bees Season 1999–2000". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Named to the 2nd ISL All-Star Team 1999–2000". Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Best Defenceman with the Bracknell Bees Season 2000–2001". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Players Player of the Year with the Bracknell Bees Season 2000–2001". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Voted Import Player of the Year with the Vojens Lions (SønderjyskE Ishockey) 2003–2004". Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Named to the Danish All-Star Team for the Season 2003–2004". Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Voted Best Goaltender in Denmark 2003–2004". Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "Named to the Danish All-Star Team for the Season 2005–2006". Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "First professional ice hockey goaltender to score a goal in Denmark". Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
* ↑ "First professional ice hockey goaltender to score a goal in Denmark". Retrieved May 2, 2010.
# Bat Galim

Bat Galim (Hebrew: בת גלים, lit. Daughter of the Waves) is a neighborhood of Haifa, Israel, located at the foot of Mount Carmel on the Mediterranean coast. Bat Galim is known for its promenade and sandy beaches. The neighborhood spans from Rambam hospital in the North to the Haifa Cable Cars in the South, and from the Mediterranean Sea's shore line in the West to Bat Galim's train station on the East.

## History

Bat Galim was the first point of Jewish settlement in modern Haifa. The neighborhood was established in the 1920s as a garden suburb of private homes designed by the Bauhaus architect Richard Kauffmann. During the British Mandate, Bat Galim was Haifa's entertainment center. The "Casino," a landmark building on the Bat Galim promenade, housed a cafe patronized by British officers, although it was never used for gambling. It was also the center of water sports in the country, and a swimming pool was built there.
* Bat Galim 1932 1:20,000
* Bat Galim 1945 1:250,000

## Landmarks

Rambam Medical Center, the Technion's Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences are situated in the north of Bat Galim, near the shore. Bat Galim and nearby neighborhoods are served by the Haifa Bat Galim railway station. Bat Galim is the lower station of the Haifa Cable Car, which runs up and down the Carmel from Stella Maris.

## Demographics

Bat Galim is a mixed neighborhood consisting of families from many different nationalities and socio-economic backgrounds including Jewish families who lived there prior to WWII, hence there's a large elderly presence, many immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Christian and Muslim minorities. In the last several years, Bat Galim has seen an inception of medical students, both native and international, who come to study and intern at the Rambam hospital.
The neighborhood also has an eclectic community with many self proclaimed artists and artisans who started an annual tradition where they open their homes to the public for a few days in September to showcase and sell their crafts which include hand-made pottery, glass art, jewelry, photographs and paintings of the neighborhood. This annual event attracts people from all over the country and also features live music, entertainment for the kids, lectures, architectural tours of the city and a speech by the Mayor of Haifa.

## Beach and surfing

Bat Galim is a popular location for surfers, including wave, wind and kite surfing, year round, with many international competitions taking place there. Among the surfers, there are many swimmers, with three supervised beaches along the shore including the popular "Lagoona" beach specifically for swimmers and the "Backdoor" beach for wave surfers. More recently, many new SUP, stand up paddle board enthusiasts have joined in the neighborhood's water sports.
# Adelina Zems

Adelina Zems (Cyrillic: Аделина Земс; born 25 December 1998) is a Kazakhstani athlete specialising in the 400 metres hurdles. 3 times Asian Champion at the relay medley 4 × 400 m Bronze Medalists At the Asian Games 2023 She represented her country in the 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2018 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Kazakhstan ||||||
| 2015 | Asian Youth Championships | Doha, Qatar | 3rd | 400 m hurdles | 63.27 |
| 2015 | Asian Youth Championships | Doha, Qatar | 2nd | Medley relay | 2:17.72 |
| 2015 | World Youth Championships | Cali, Colombia | 26th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 65.79 |
| 2016 | Asian Junior Championships | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 8th | 400 m hurdles | 62.52 |
| 2016 | Asian Junior Championships | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:55.08 |
| 2016 | World U20 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 37th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 62.24 |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 8th | 400 m hurdles | 61.60 |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 4th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:37.95 |
| 2018 | Asian Indoor Championships | Tehran, Iran | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:41.67 |
| 2018 | World Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 9th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:40.54 |
| 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 10th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 60.08 |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Doha, Qatar | 5th | 400 m hurdles | 57.92 |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 23rd (h) | 400 m hurdles | 61.97 |
| 2023 | Asian Indoor Championships | Astana, Kazakhstan | 7th (h) | 400 m | 55.89 |
| 2023 | Asian Indoor Championships | Astana, Kazakhstan | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:44.21 |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 4th | 400 m hurdles | 57.91 |
| 2023 | World University Games | Chengdu, China | 10th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 58.08 |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 8th | 400 m hurdles | 60.27 |
| 2024 | Asian Indoor Championships | Tehran, Iran | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:41.08 |

## Personal bests

Outdoors
* 400 metres – 56.39 (Almaty 2017)
* 400 metres hurdles – 56.86 (Nairobi,Kenya)
Indoors
* 400 metres – 55.21 (Astana 2023)
# TPC Twin Cities

TPC Twin Cities is a private golf club in the north central United States, located within the subdivision of Deacon’s Walk in Blaine, Minnesota, a suburb north of Minneapolis.
Opened in 2000, the 18-hole championship golf course was designed by Arnold Palmer in consultation with Tom Lehman; who is a member of the Tournament Players Club network operated by the PGA Tour. Since 2001, it has hosted the 3M Championship on the PGA Tour Champions. On June 18, 2018, it was announced that the 3M Championship would end after 2018, and be replaced by the 3M Open, a PGA Tour event starting in 2019.

## Course

TPC Twin Cities is maintained by superintendent Joseph Rolstad. The property was a sod farm before the golf course was built.
Average Green Size: 6,500 sq. ft.
Total Property Acres: 235
Acres of Fairway: 28
Acres of Rough: 59
Number of Sand Bunkers: 72
Number of Water Hazards: 27
Number of Holes Water is in Play: 15
Soil Conditions: Sand
Water Sources: Well and holding lake
Drainage Conditions: Very good

### Grass Types

The TPC Twin Cities golf course utilizes a variety of grass types to maintain its playing conditions:
* Fairways and tees: Bentgrass
* Greens: Bentgrass
* Rough: Kentucky bluegrass with Fescue

### Back tees

| Hole | Yards | Par | | Hole | Yards | Par |
| 1 | 426 | 4 | | 10 | 379 | 4 |
| 2 | 388 | 4 | | 11 | 414 | 4 |
| 3 | 546 | 5 | | 12 | 593 | 5 |
| 4 | 177 | 3 | | 13 | 228 | 3 |
| 5 | 418 | 4 | | 14 | 423 | 4 |
| 6 | 571 | 5 | | 15 | 451 | 4 |
| 7 | 318 | 4 | | 16 | 387 | 4 |
| 8 | 204 | 3 | | 17 | 184 | 3 |
| 9 | 475 | 4 | | 18 | 582 | 5 |
| Out | 3,523 | 36 | | In | 3,641 | 36 |
| Source: | Source: | Source: | Total | Total | 7,164 | 72 |
* The approximate average elevation is 900 feet (275 m) above sea level.
# Ut queant laxis

"Ut queant laxis" or "Hymnus in Ioannem" is a Latin hymn in honor of John the Baptist, written in Horatian Sapphics with text traditionally attributed to Paulus Diaconus, the eighth-century Lombard historian. It is famous for its part in the history of musical notation, in particular solmization. The hymn belongs to the tradition of Gregorian chant.
It is not known who wrote the melody. Guido of Arezzo possibly composed it, but he more likely used an existing melody. A variant of the melody appears in an eleventh-century musical setting of Horace's poem Ode to Phyllis (4.11) recorded in a manuscript in France.

## Structure

The hymn uses classical metres: the Sapphic stanza consisting of three Sapphic hendecasyllables followed by an adonius (a type of dimeter).
The chant is useful for teaching singing because of the way it uses successive notes of the scale: the first six musical phrases of each stanza begin on a successively higher notes of the hexachord, giving ut–re–mi–fa–so–la; though ut is replaced by do in modern solfège. The naming of the notes of the hexachord by the first syllable of each hemistich (half line of verse) of the first verse is usually attributed to Guido of Arezzo. Guido, who was active in the eleventh century, is regarded as the father of modern musical notation. He made use of clefs (C & F clefs) and invented the ut-re-mi-fa-sol-la notation. The hymn does not help with the seventh tone as the last line, Sancte Iohannes, breaks the ascending pattern. The syllable si, for the seventh tone, was added in the 18th century.
The first stanza is:
Ut queant laxīs resonāre fibrīs Mīra gestōrum famulī tuōrum, Solve pollūtī labiī reātum, Sāncte Iohannēs.
It may be translated: So that your servants may, with loosened voices, resound the wonders of your deeds, clean the guilt from our stained lips, O Saint John.
A paraphrase by Cecile Gertken, OSB (1902–2001) preserves the key syllables and loosely evokes the original meter:
Do let our voices resonate most purely, miracles telling, far greater than many; so let our tongues be lavish in your praises, Saint John the Baptist.
Ut is now mostly replaced by Do in solfège due to the latter's open sound, in deference to Italian theorist Giovanni Battista Doni. The word "Ut" is still in use to name the C-clef. The seventh note was not part of the medieval hexachord and does not occur in this melody, and it was originally called "si" from "Sancte Ioannes" (Johannes). In the nineteenth century, Sarah Glover, an English music teacher, renamed "si" to "ti" so that every syllable might be notated by its initial letter. But this was not adopted in countries using fixed do solfège: in Romance languages "si" is used alike for B and B flat, and no separate syllable is required for sharp "sol".

## Liturgical use

In the Roman Rite, the hymn is sung in the Divine Office on June 24, the Feast of the Nativity of John the Baptist. The full hymn is divided into three parts, with "Ut queant laxis" sung at Vespers, "Antra deserti" sung at Matins, "O nimis felix" sung at Lauds, and doxologies added after the first two parts.
# PreZero Rheinlandhalle

PreZero Rheinlandhalle is an indoor arena in Duisburg, Germany which was named by PreZero, part of the family-owned multinational retail group Schwarz Gruppe. It is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of Füchse Duisburg (English: Duisburg Foxes). It opened in 1970 and holds 4,800 people.

## Previous names

* Eissporthalle Duisburg (1971–)
* SCANIA-Arena (–2017)
* Kenston-Arena (2017–2019)
* Jomizu-Arena (2019–2021)
The Arena was renamed to KENSTON ARENA by the beginning of the Hockey Season 2017/18.
# People's Voice Party

The People's Voice Party (Turkish Halkın Sesi Partisi, abbreviated HSP but using the self-styled abbreviation HAS PARTİ, which literally means "PURE PARTY") was a religious conservative political party in Turkey. It was founded on 1 November 2010 by Numan Kurtulmuş and dissolved on 19 September 2012.
In September 2012, after less than two years, an extraordinary party congress decided to dissolve the party and join the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). In July 2012, following long-held speculation that Numan Kurtulmuş was on Prime Minister Erdoğan’s mind as his possible successor as party head, Erdoğan personally proposed to Kurtulmuş the idea of merging the parties under the umbrella of the AKP.
# Loxley House, Nottingham

Loxley House is the administrative office of Nottingham City Council and an office base for the Department for Work and Pensions and Nottingham City Homes in the south of Nottingham city centre. The building is also used by the Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority. It is situated on Station Street, opposite Nottingham railway station and adjacent to Trent House, the former Boots print works that is now the European headquarters of the financial company Capital One.
The building was designed by the architecture firm ORMS and constructed to provide additional space for Capital One, who had previously moved into Trent House. Capital One moved into the building in 2002, but it was acquired by the city council in 2009 at a cost of £22.5 million, which was about a third of its valuation in 2001. The council moved into the building in 2010, relocating from a number of buildings scattered around Nottingham city centre.