OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Australians in Japan

Australians in Japan comprise Australian citizens residing in Japan. As of December 2023, there were 12,121 resident Australians in Japan. This figure does not include individuals naturalised as Japanese citizens, short-term residents, or Japanese people with Australian ancestry who do not hold Australian citizenship. (Japan does not allow its citizens over 18 to have dual citizenship.)

## Notable Australians in Japan

* Richard Court, Australian ambassador to Japan
* Che'Nelle, Malaysian Australian J-Pop singer
* George "Joji" Miller, singer and former comedian
* Shū Uchida, voice actress

## Major population centres

Tokyo, Hokkaido, Nagano, Osaka and Kanagawa are major population centres for Australians in Japan.

### Niseko, Hokkaido

Since the early 2000s, a significant Australian community has emerged in the Niseko area of Hokkaido, which comprises the towns of Kutchan, Niseko, and Rankoshi. This is due to the popularity of the region's ski resorts. In 2020, 33.1% of foreign nationals living in Kutchan were Australians. Many Australian settlers have established tourism-related businesses such as guest houses and restaurants, and holiday homes in the area, and the area has been described as a 'Little Australia'.
# Guangdong Prison Administrative Bureau

Guangdong Prison Administrative Bureau is the correctional agency of Guangdong Province, China. It is headquartered in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. As of September 2014, Liu Fang is the head of the bureau.
As of 2015, the province has 127 prisons and detention houses.

## History

From the beginning of 2014 until 2015 there were a series of incidents involving illegal sentence commutations and escapes from the Guangdong prison system.
The prison in Jieyang created an online inmate information system in April 2014; this is the first such program in mainland China. In September 2014 the bureau announced that it was going to begin publishing inmate information online by the end of 2014.

## Prisons

Guangdong province has over 24 prisons.
* Dongguan Prison
* Guangdong Women's Prison
* Jieyang Prison
* Panyu Prison
* Shaoguan Prison
# Rehau Group

The REHAU Group is a family-owned polymer business, which develops, manufactures and markets products for the automotive, construction, furniture, materials, medical and industrial sectors. Rehau employs more than 20,000 people in over 190 locations. The headquarters for the car and industry business is in Rehau (Bavaria) and for Commercial Construction is in Erlangen (Bavaria). The administrative headquarters of the REHAU Group is located in Muri bei Bern, Switzerland (canton of Bern).
The turnover of the whole group amounts to over 4 billion Euros.

## History

Helmut Wagner founded the family business in 1948 in Rehau. In 1962, the first plant outside of Europe was opened in Montreal. In 2000 Helmut Wagner, was the line of the supervisory board from his sons Jobst Wagner and Veit Wagner. Furthermore, REHAU with more than 2,000 jobs to the town's largest employer, Rehau.
In 2004, the medical division with around 200 employees was spun off and founded as the sister company Raumedic AG. It is a development partner and manufacturer for the medical and pharmaceutical industry with an independent sales network and two production sites for extrusion, injection molding and assembly in clean rooms in Helmbrechts and Mills River (North Carolina, USA).
In 2018, the MB Barter & Trading SA (MBT) was taken over by REHAU Verwaltungszentrale AG.

## Locations

The REHAU group has more than 190 locations in 68 countries.
# Battle of Beit Imrin

The Battle of Beit Imrin occurred on September 29, 1936 in Beit Imrin, when British forces besieged Arab forces operating under the command of Fawzi al-Qawuqji while in the village. The rebels withdrew after receiving heavy losses estimated at 42 dead.
# Mitzpe Oron

Mitzpe Oron (Hebrew:מצפה אורון, Oron Lookout) is a memorial site located in the Switzerland Forest in the Lower Galilee in Israel, inaugurated on Israel's Memorial Day in April 2015. The lookout was established in memory of First Sergeant Oron Shaul, an IDF soldier who was killed during the 2014 Gaza War. The lookout, situated opposite the Sea of Galilee, offers a panoramic view of the scenery, overlooking the Sea of Galilee and the Golan Heights. The site is characterized by a rectangular structure featuring a wide pergola supported by eight iron pillars. The floor is paved with concrete, and its front is adorned with a low wall covered in basalt stones. At the top of the lookout, the flags of Israel and the Jewish National Fund (JNF) are flown.
The lookout, established with the support of the JNF Friends in Switzerland, is located at a vantage point overlooking the Sea of Galilee, near the community of Poria Illit, where Oron Shaul lived. The site was built in the Switzerland Forest, which was originally planted as part of efforts to prevent flooding in the city of Tiberias.
First Sergeant Oron Shaul was killed in battle in the Shuja'iyya neighborhood of the Gaza Strip during Operation "Protective Edge" when the armored personnel carrier he was traveling in, along with seven other soldiers, was attacked by Hamas. Following the incident, Hamas claimed that Shaul had been captured and demanded the release of prisoners in exchange for the return of his body. The IDF declared Shaul as a fallen soldier whose place of burial was unknown.
On January 18, 2025, during the Gaza war, his body was recovered from the Gaza Strip in an operation carried out by the IDF and the Shin Bet, nearly a decade after he was killed.
# Pnei Kedem

Pnei Kedem (Hebrew: פְּנֵי קֶדֶם) is an Israeli outpost in the West Bank. It is located next to the Palestinian city of Si'ir and is formally connected to the Israeli settlement of Metzad, in the southeastern part of the Gush Etzion settlement bloc, in the eastern Judean Mountains facing Nahal Arugot (Arugot Stream). Pnei Kedem stands at an elevation of 930 metres above sea level, 14.5 km east of the Green Line, on the Palestinian side of the Separation Barrier.
The international community considers all Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, illegal under international law. Outposts like Pnei Kedekm, on the other hand, are considered illegal even under Israeli law.

## History

The outpost was built in October 2000 with assistance from Amana within the boundaries of the nearby Israeli settlement of Metzad and on adjacent lands. In 2003, Pnei Kedem was given the status of a permanent township without being legalized, receiving lighting and other services from the Israeli Defense Ministry, despite the Israeli government's pledge in the Road Map to remove illegal outposts.
Pnei Kedem holds an annual kite festival during Chol HaMoed Sukkot which attracts thousands of participants.
In November 2007, Haaretz reported that a settler of Pnei Kedem complained that he had 500 olive tree saplings uprooted by Palestinians.
As reported by The Jerusalem Post in 2008, settlers from Pnei Kedem receive "counterterrorism training" from the organization Mishmeret Yesha in "how to quickly neutralize terrorist infiltrators". In September 2011, before the Palestinian Authority's statehood bid at the United Nations, Arutz Sheva published photographs of women from Pnei Kedem being trained with firearms and live ammunition.
The population of Pnei Kedem receives its municipal services from the Gush Etzion Regional Council, which lists it on its official website as a separate community. But as Israeli authorities do not recognize the outpost as an independent settlement, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics counts its residents as living in Metzad. According to Arutz Sheva, Pnei Kedem was home to 32 families in 2011 and absorbing new residents.

## Notable residents

* Simcha Rothman (born 1980), Israeli Religious Zionist Party politician, as of 2022-23 a member of the Knesset
# 1973 Melbourne Cup

The 1973 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 6 November 1973 at Melbourne's Flemington Racecourse.
This was the 113th edition of the race. The race was won by Gala Supreme, a Victorian-bred thoroughbred trained by Ray Hutchins and ridden by Frank Reys. Gala Supreme was the first Victorian-bred horse to win the Melbourne Cup since Wodalla in the 1953 Melbourne Cup. The jockey Frank Reys was the first, and currently only Indigenous Australian jockey to win the prestigious Melbourne Cup. Frank Reys upon winning was presented a miniature Melbourne Cup trophy, this was the first year the Victoria Racing Club (VRC) presented a trophy to the winning jockey.

## Field

This is the full field that contested the 1973 Melbourne Cup.
| Place | Horse | Trainer | Jockey | SP |
| 1st | Gala Supreme | Ray Hutchins | Frank Reys | 9/1 |
| 2nd | Glenrowan | J. W. Harris | Noel Harris | 5/2 fav |
| 3rd | Daneson | F. Penfold | Brian Gilders | 16/1 |
| 4th | Golden Sam | E. J. Didham | | 16/1 |
| 5th | Mon Vin | Pat Trotter | | 250/1 |
| 6th | Gala Red | S. Aitken | | 250/1 |
| 7th | Magnifique | Brian Andrews | | 8/1 |
| 8th | Australasia | R. Mallyon | | 9/1 |
| 9th | Swell Time | G. Willets | | 10/1 |
| 10th | Air Voyager | R. McLeish | | 500/1 |
| 11th | Narthanya | Steve Burridge | | 125/1 |
| 12th | Dayana | Steve Burridge | | 7/1 |
| 13th | Brugan | T. Finger | | 200/1 |
| 14th | Lord Ben | R. Bradley | | 100/1 |
| 15th | Mr Expensive | J. Duggan | | 16/1 |
| 16th | Peg's Pride | D. Peake | | 20/1 |
| 17th | Red Hope | G. Duyrca | | 16/1 |
| 18th | Campanello | H. White | | 33/1 |
| 19th | Tavel | M. Goreham | | 66/1 |
| 20th | Mcdaway | R. B. Martin | | 50/1 |
| 21st | Audaciter | H. Rauhihi | | 100/1 |
| 22nd | Land Lover | R. Setches | | 125/1 |
| 23rd | Disa | R. Durcy | | 350/1 |
| 24th | Strike Again | N. Riordan | | 25/1 |
# Ur-gar

Ur-gar or Ur-nig (Sumerian: 𒌨𒃻; died c. 2113 BC) was the last ensi of Lagash, roughly contemporaneous with the last king of Akkad, Shu-turul.
Ur-gar was a son-in-law of Ur-Baba, and succeeded Ur-Ningirsu II or Pirigme. Several votive inscriptions are known of him. He was succeeded by the last ruler of the Second Dynasty of Lagash, Nam-mahani.
Only one of his year names is known:
   mu ur-gar ensi2 “Year: Ur-gar is governor”
Queen Nininimgina is also known for a dedication to him:
   To Šulšagana, the beloved son of Ningirsu, her master, for the life of Ur-nig, ruler of Lagaš, Nininimgina, the daughter of Kaku, his wife, also for her own life, she dedicated it (this mace head) to him.
# Delturus parahybae

Delturus parahybae is a species of armored catfish endemic found in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, Brazil.
# Squadron admiral

Squadron admiral and Squadron vice-admiral are senior naval flag officer ranks, usually equivalent to vice admiral in Anglophone countries. A squadron admiral or squadron vice-admiral is typically senior to a vice admiral and junior to an admiral.

## Squadron admiral

Squadron admiral is commissioned officer rank used the navies of Brazil and Italy.

### Brazil

Squadron admiral (Almirante de esquadra) is a rank used by the Brazilian Navy. It ranks directly above the vice admiral and immediately below an admiral. It is equivalent to an army general in the Brazilian Army and lieutenant brigadier of air in the Brazilian Air Force.

### Italy

Squadron admiral (Ammiraglio di squadra) is a rank used by the Italian Navy. It ranks directly above the divisional admiral and immediately below a squadron admiral with special assignments. It is equivalent to a army corps general in the Italian Army and air squadron general in the Italian Air Force.
When appointed to the Chief of the Defence Staff, squadron admirals will be given the rank of squadron admiral with special assignments (ammiraglio di squadra con incarichi speciali).

### Colombia

In Colombia, squadron admiral (Almirante de escuadra) was used by the Colombian Navy. It ranks directly above vice admiral immediately below an admiral. It was equivalent to lieutenant general in the Colombian Army and lieutenant general of the air in the Colombian Air Force, but these ranks abolished in 2010.

### Users

* Almirante de esquadra (Brazilian Navy)
* Ammiraglio di squadra con incarichi speciali (Italian Navy)
* Ammiraglio di squadra (Italian Navy)

## Squadron vice-admiral

Squadron vice-admiral (French: Vice-amiral d'escadre) is a naval rank found in navies of the world which follow the French tradition of naval ranks. The squadron vice-admiral leads a squadron and is typically senior to a vice-admiral and junior to an admiral.
This translation is not often used in practice, as the rank is usually kept in the original language or rendered as vice-admiral. The main navy to use the rank of squadron vice-admiral is the French Navy, where it is a three-star rank with a NATO code of OF-8, equivalent to Army corps general or lieutenant general in seniority. Officially, it is not a rank, but a style and position (French: rang et appelation) bestowed upon some vice-admiral (which is the highest actual substantive rank and is a two-star rank with NATO code OF-7 equivalent to rear admiral (upper half) or major general).

### Users

* Vice-amiral d'escadre (Benin Navy)
* Vice-amiral d'escadre (Cameroon Navy)
* Vice-amiral d'escadre (Congolese Navy)
* Vice-amiral d'escadre (French Navy)
* Vice-amiral d'escadre (Gabonese Navy)
* Vice-amiral d'escadre (Navy of Ivory Coast)
* Vice-amiral d'escadre (Madagascar Navy)
* Vice-amiral d'escadre (Royal Moroccan Navy)
# Human Diversity

Human Diversity: The Biology of Gender, Race, and Class is a 2020 non-fiction book written by the American political scientist Charles Murray, co-author of the book The Bell Curve. In the book, Murray argues against the scientific consensus that race is a social construct, as well as other orthodoxies such as the view that gender is a social construct, and class is a function of privilege.

## Reception

Writing for The New Republic, Alex Shephard described Human Diversity as an example of the "juggernaut" of conservative publishing. According to Shephard, claims of cancel culture and political correctness were used by the publisher Twelve (a division of Hachette) as a justification for publishing Murray, despite his "lack of scientific credentials and a penchant for relying on dubious sources". Shephard also quoted science journalist Angela Saini who told him that "we should really have left this behind by now".
In the National Review, journalist Robert VerBruggen called the book an "excellent primer for the uninitiated" while noting that it can be "pretty boring for those already familiar with the topics it covers" and also saying that Murray should've dealt more thoroughly with research "showing that environments do matter, sometimes a lot".
In The New York Times, literary critic Parul Sehgal criticizes Murray for not addressing the role of the environment further, ignoring information in genetics that might weaken his arguments, ignoring information contradicting his views on gender, and inconsistencies. As an example of Murray ignoring contradictory information, she cites a study to show that sexism is the culprit as to why women have not branched into more male dominated fields, rather than differences between the sexes.
Psychologist Douglas K. Detterman, reviewing the book in the journal Intelligence, agreed with Murray, and hoped "that there will be relatively little negative reaction to Human Diversity."
Science writer Philip Ball, reviewing the book for New Statesman, criticized the book for Murray's misplaced confidence in the alleged differences between male and female brains. Ball also says that Murray's claim that there is a natural predominance of men in STEM "is deluded" because it flies in the face of "masses of evidence" that women face discrimination in the sciences. Ball also criticizes Murray's discussion of race because he tries to redefine it as a "cluster of SNP variants". Ball points out that not only are SNP clusters silent on behavioural differences, but also that these clusters can be applied at all levels—between traditional populations of different cities, for example.
# Guyana (disambiguation)

Guyana is a country in the Guianas, South America.
Guyana, Guiana, or Guayana may refer to:
* British Guiana, a British colony until 1966, now independent and known as Guyana
* French Guiana, an overseas department of France in the Guianas
* The Guianas, a region in the north of South America
* Guayana Esequiba, a Venezuelan territorial claim
* Guayana Province, a province of Spanish Colonial Venezuela and independent Venezuela 1585−1864
* Guayana Region, an administrative region of Venezuela
* Ciudad Guayana, a city in Bolívar State, Venezuela
* Guayana language or Wayaná, an extinct Jê language of southern Brazil
* Guayana or Wayana language, a Caribbean language spoken in Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil
* Guiana Island, Antigua and Barbuda
* Guyana (1966–1970)
* Guiana Highlands, a mountainous area in the Guianas
* Guiana Shield, a geological craton of precambrian crust
# Rural Development Party (Vanuatu)

The Rural Development Party (RDP) is a political party in Vanuatu. It was formed as a renaming of the Iauko Group (IG) in 2014 and then as a separate party in 2020.

## Background

On 11 December 2014, two years after the death of founder Harry Iauko, the Iauko Group (IG) was also known as the Rural Development Party (RDP). MPs in 2015 that associated with RDP included: Tony Ngari (party leader), Hosea Nevu, Thomas Laken. John Amos, Jonas James, and Pascal Iauko. MPs Samsen Samson and Havo Moli have also declared affiliations with RDP. The party supported the governments of Sato Kilman
In 2017, RDP members signed a solidarity pact with the Leaders Party of Vanuatu (LPV) in front of Prime Minister Charlot Salwai, reaffirming support for the coalition government. Members at that time included MP Jay Ngwele, Tom Nouam and Kalo Pakoa. They also supported the Vanua'aku Pati (VP) in 2018.
The CIA World Factbook 2016-2019 profiles show they were still part of IG.

## Split from Iauko Group

In January 2020, Ngwele resigned as MP and would be later appointed in April to then Minister of Infrastructure and Public Utilities in prime minister Bob Loughman's administration. For the 2020 Vanuatuan general election, they ran as a separate party from Iauko Group.
On 18 October 2022, following the general election, which was a snap election, it was reported that RDP, IG, VP, and National United Party (NUP) were not included in the signing of the pact for the new government formation.
# Marty Atkins

Martin Paul "Marty" Atkins (born 4 May 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). Atkins holds the record for the most WAFL matches played for South Fremantle.

## Early life

Atkins was born in London, England and arrived in Australia as a teenager. He attended Kwinana Senior High School.

## Playing career
### Junior football

Atkins began playing for Kwinana at under-16 level. Making an impression as a ruckman, Atkins twice tied for club best and fairest player award, ultimately losing both times on countback.

### South Fremantle

After making his WAFL league debut in 1989, he played 266 times for the Bulldogs including the 1997 premiership.
In July 2003 Atkins overtook Tom Grljusich as the South Fremantle games record holder.

### Donnybrook

In 2004 Atkins joined Donnybrook in the South West Football League (SWFL) where he made an immediate impact, finishing the season as runner-up for the Hayward Medal, the league's award for best and fairest player. Between 2004 and 2007, Atkins played 65 times for the Dons.

### Wesley-Curtin

Atkins was appointed playing coach of Wesley-Curtin in the Western Australian Amateur Football League (WAAFL) for the 2008 season. His form in 2009 was rewarded when he won the CJ Jamieson Medal as the best and fairest player in the WAAFL. He played until the 2010 season when he retired mid-season.

### State football

Atkins played five matches for Western Australia, making his debut in 1992 against South Australia. He was awarded the Simpson Medal as best player in the 1993 clash with South Australia.

## Working life

In 1988 Atkins joined Western Australia Police. He spent time based in Wyalkatchem and Trayning, towns over 200 km from Perth. He returned to Kwinana Senior High School for a three-year posting as school police officer. After 15 years, Atkins left the police in 2003 to take up a role with South Fremantle as football manager. He later joined Peel Thunder as football operations manager. In early 2012 he joined Perth as CEO.
# Pedrola

Pedrola is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 2,906 inhabitants.

## Notable people

* Fermín Abella y Blave, (1832–1888) Spanish writer and jurist
# Per Elisa

"Per Elisa" (transl. "For Elisa") is a 1981 single composed by Alice (lyrics), Franco Battiato and Giusto Pio (music) and performed by Alice. The song was the breakthrough in the singer's career, winning the 31st edition of the Sanremo Music Festival, and being an international commercial success.

## Background

The song marked a second collaboration between Battiato and Alice, following the 1980 moderately successful single "Il vento caldo dell'estate". The title Per Elisa is a reference to Ludwig van Beethoven's composition "Für Elise", whose musical theme is reprised in the intro of the song.
The lyrics on surface tell the story of a love triangle from the point of view of a betrayed woman, but according to many critics actually refer to drug addiction, with the Elisa of the title being a code name for heroin. In this interpretation, rejected by both Alice and Battiato, the song was included in the soundtrack of the Claudio Caligari's 1983 drug-themed film Toxic Love.
The structure of the song has been described as "unusual because it lacks a refrain, but equally catchy thanks to several melodic hooks and a smooth mainstream sound".

## Track listing

* 7" single - 3C 006-18529
* "Per Elisa" (Alice, Franco Battiato, Giusto Pio)
* "Non devi avere paura" (Alice)

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| Italy (Musica e dischi) | 1 |
| Germany | 17 |
| Austria | 4 |
| Switzerland | 5 |
# Ilam Airport

Ilam Airport (Persian: فرودگاه ایلام) (IATA: IIL, ICAO: OICI) is a domestic airport located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the center of the city of Ilam, Iran. It serves the cities of Ilam province.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Iran Air | Tehran–Mehrabad |
| Iran Aseman Airlines | Mashhad, Tehran–Mehrabad |
| Mahan Air | Tehran–Mehrabad |
| Pouya Air | Tehran–Mehrabad |
| Qeshm Air | Tehran–Mehrabad |
# Bernardo Elis

Bernardo Élis (1915–1997) was a Brazilian academic and author. He was born in the state of Goiás to a literary family; his father was the symbolist poet Erico Curado.Élis is primarily remembered today as an author of short fiction. His novel O Tronco won the Premio Jabuti in 1967, and was adapted into an award-winning film by João Batista de Andrade.
In 1975, Elis was elected to the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
# Lefteris Matsoukas

Lefteris Matsoukas (Greek: Λευτέρης Ματσούκας; born 7 March 1990) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ionikos.

## Club career

Born in Piraeus, Matsoukas played in the youth teams of Olympiacos before being promoted to the first team. He was given his first contract by the club and scored his first goal in a pre-season friendly against Viktoria Plzeň. His first league match came on 29 December 2007 against Xanthi.
Following loans to Egaleo, Ethnikos Asteras and SV Werder Bremen II he permanently moved to Werder Bremen II on a free transfer on 30 June 2010.
On 4 August 2013, he signed a contract with Greek Football League club Iraklis. In July 2014 he signed for Fostiras.
On 11 August 2018, he moved to newly promoted side Aittitos Spata on a free transfer.

## International career

Matsoukas was a member of the Greece U19 national team.