OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Periodic table of shapes

The periodic table of mathematical shapes is the popular name given to a project to classify Fano varieties. The project was devised by Professor Alessio Corti, from the Department of Mathematics at Imperial College London. It aims to categorise all three-, four- and five-dimensional shapes into a single table, analogous to the periodic table of chemical elements. It is meant to hold the equations that describe each shape and, through this, mathematicians and other scientists expect to develop a better understanding of the shapes’ geometric properties and relations.
The project has already won the Philip Leverhulme Prize—worth £70,000—from the Leverhulme Trust, and in 2019 a European Research Council grant. While it is estimated that 500 million shapes can be defined algebraically in four dimensions, they may be decomposable (in the sense of the minimal model program) into as few as a few thousand "building blocks".
# Skępe

Skępe is a town in Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 7790 inhabitants (2012). It is the main sanctuary of Dobrzyń Land, with image of Our Lady crowned officially in 1755.

## History

Skępe developed from a medieval Slavic stronghold. It was granted town rights in 1445 by King Casimir IV of Poland. In 1498 the Bernardines came to Skępe from Koło and a monastery was built, with the Church of the Annunciation. Skępe was a private town of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Inowrocław Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. The coat of arms of Skępe contains the Ogończyk coat of arms of the Kościelecki noble family, which was essential in the town's development in the 15th century. Two, and from 1530 three, annual fairs were held in Skępe.
The town was annexed by Prussia in the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. In 1807 it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it became part of so-called Congress Poland in the Russian Partition of Poland. After the unsuccessful Polish January Uprising, the Russians closed down the monastery and church in 1864. Skępe was reintegrated with Poland in 1918, when the country regained independence after World War I. During the Polish–Soviet War, the Soviets captured the town on 13–14 August 1920, and then briefly occupied it. The Soviets looted the monastery and tortured the local Polish parish priest Albin Żmijewski. According to the 1921 census, the population was 85.3% Polish and 14.5% Jewish.
During World War II, Skępe was occupied by Germany from 1939 to 1945. During the Intelligenzaktion in 1939, many inhabitants were murdered in large massacres carried out by the Germans in the Barbarka forest and in nearby Karnkowo. Arrested Polish teachers were imprisoned in Włocławek. The occupiers also carried out expulsions of Poles, whose houses were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. In 1942, the Germans renamed the town to Schemmensee to erase traces of Polish origin, however the original Polish name was restored in 1945 after the occupation ended.

## Gallery

* Wielkie Lake
* Bernardine Monastery
* Interior of the Church of the Annunciation
* Pod Kasztanami Inn
# Vitor Reis (disambiguation)

Vitor Reis (born January 2006) is a Brazilian football centre-back for Manchester City.
Vitor Reis may also refer to:
# Yellow-throated vireo

The yellow-throated vireo (Vireo flavifrons) is a small American songbird.

## Etymology

"Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migratory bird, perhaps the female golden oriole, possibly the European greenfinch. The specific flavifrons is from the Latin words flavus, "yellow", and frons, "forehead".

## Description

Adults are mainly olive on the head and upperparts with a yellow throat and white belly; they have dark eyes with yellow "spectacles". The tail and wings are dark with white wing bars. They have thick blue-grey legs and a stout bill.
Measurements:
* Length: 5.1–5.9 in (13–15 cm)
* Weight: 0.5–0.7 oz (15–21 g)
* Wingspan: 9.1 in (23 cm)

## Habitat and distribution

Their breeding habitat is open deciduous woods in southern Canada and the eastern United States.
These birds migrate to the deep southern United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America. They are very rare vagrants to western Europe; there is a September 1990 record from Kenidjack Valley in Cornwall, Great Britain, and September 1998 record from Heligoland, a small German archipelago in the German Bight.

## Diet and behaviour

They forage for insects high in trees. They also eat berries, especially before migration and in winter when they are occasionally seen feeding on gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba) fruit. They make a thick cup nest attached to a fork in a tree branch.
# Starorypin

Starorypin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rypin, within Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Rypin and 56 km (35 mi) east of Toruń.
# Amherst, Colorado

Amherst is a census-designated place (CDP) and a post office located in Phillips County, Colorado, United States. As of the United States Census 2020, the population of the Amherst CDP was 47.

## History

The town of Amherst was established about 1887. The community was named after Amherst, Massachusetts, the native home of a local businessman.
The Amherst Post Office opened on February 18, 1888. Currently, it's ZIP Code is 80721.
Phillips County was founded in 1889, and before that, Amherst was in Weld County.

## Geography

The Amherst CDP has an area of 291 acres (1.176 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau initially defined the Amherst CDP for the United States Census 2010.
# Gruffydd Young

Gruffydd Young (or Griffin Yonge) (c. 1370 – c. 1435) was a cleric and a close supporter of Owain Glyndŵr during his Welsh rebellion against the English King Henry IV between 1400 and 1412.

## Winning favour

He was of illegitimate birth and won the favour of Queen Anne of Bohemia, the first wife of King Richard II of England.

## Church career

Between 1391 and 1403 he held various positions within the dioceses of St. Davids and Bangor, Gwynedd at Llanynys between Denbigh and Ruthin and Llanbadarn Fawr and then prebends at Garthbrengy near Brecon, Boughrood near Hay-on-Wye, Lampeter and Bangor itself.
He rose to be vicar-general at St. Davids and then Archdeacon of Merioneth.

## Glyndŵr's Chancellor and Envoy in France

He allied himself to Glyndŵr in 1403 becoming Owain's Chancellor and by 1404 was in Paris, with Glyndŵr's brother-in-law John Hanmer and John Trevor the Bishop of St. Asaph negotiating a treaty of alliance with the French King Charles VI of France, or at least with his representative James II, Count of La Marche.
He was closely involved in Owain's strategy and formulated the Pennal Policy in which Owain stated that he would transfer the allegiance of the Welsh church away from Rome to the Antipope Benedict XIII in Avignon.
In 1407 he managed to gain the role of Bishop of Bangor after intrigues against the incumbent Bishop Llywelyn Byford and within a few months ensured his own transfer to St. Davids where if the Pennal Policy had come into effect he would have become the primate of the Church in Wales.

## Setbacks

By 1408 as the rebellion was experiencing setbacks he made his own future plans. Outside events were leading towards the Council of Constance which soon brought the schism of two competing Popes to an end with the election of Pope Martin V. The Pennal Policy was to become redundant. Young instead was appointed as Bishop of Ross in the Kingdom of Scotland, by Pope Martin V, but he was never really in firm control of his diocese and was transferred to become titular Bishop of Hippo in North Africa along with two livings in Rheims and Tours in France.
He was appointed abbot of the abbey of Le Thoronet, in the south of France, by Pope Martin V in 1430.
He was still referring to himself as Bishop of Ross in 1430 and certainly lived beyond 1432. His exact end is not known.

## Sources

* JE Lloyd : 'Owen Glendower'
* Chris Barber : 'In Search of Owain Glyndŵr'
* Archives départementales du Var : Bulla Papae Martini V, 2H19
# Seena Sharp

Seena Sharp, author of Competitive Intelligence Advantage, is a recognized leader in Competitive Intelligence. She founded one of the first competitive intelligence companies, Sharp Market Intelligence, in Los Angeles, United States in 1979, a company that serves clients across the US, Canada, Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Seena had a successful corporate career in New York City, where she earned her master's degree in mathematics. Her research, speaking and conference activities focus on various aspects of market and competitive intelligence, including market drivers, keys to success, alternative uses, unknown customers, emerging competitors, competitor profiles, external factors, and opportunities.
Ms. Sharp has been widely published, speaks to organizations and universities throughout the US and Europe, and was presented with SCIP's Fellows Award. She is widely known for her unique techniques for identifying growth opportunities and market changes, examples of which are available in her monthly SharpInsights.

## Articles and Publications

* 2014, Sharp, S "Shake Up Your Thinking, Shape Up Your Business: 68 SharpInsights to Attract Customers and Boost Sales" , ISBN 978-1-312-14068-4
* 2013, Sharp, S. "SharpInsights: Your Little Black Book of Market Revelations", ISBN 978-1304353108
* 2009, Sharp, S. Competitive Intelligence Advantage: How to Minimize Risk, Avoid Surprises, and Grow Your Business in a Changing World, (Wiley and Sons) ISBN 978-0-470-29317-1
* 2005, Frates, J., Sharp, S. Using Business Intelligence to Discover New Market Opportunities, (Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management), 3(3), p. 16
* 2004, Sharp, S. Build Better Decisions: Strategies for Reducing Risk and Avoiding Surprises, (Handbook of Business Strategy, Emerald Publishing Group Limited)
* 2000, Sharp, S. Truth or Consequences: 10 Myths that Cripple Competitive Intelligence, (Competitive Intelligence Magazine), 3(1)
* 2000, Sharp, S. Tracking Change in Unusual Ways, (Marketing News, A Publication of the American Marketing Association), 34(11)
* 1998, Sharp, S. Substitutes: Your Next Marketing Headache, (Competitive Intelligence Magazine), 1(1)
* 1994, Sharp, S. Tomorrow's Competitive Intelligence: A Whole New Board Game, (Director's Monthly), 18(5)
* 1994, Sharp, S. Information for Sale, (Home Office Computing)
* 1993, Sharp, S. Soft Information as Important as Hard Facts in Making Business Decisions, (The Planning Forum Network), 6(8)
# Intelligent Whale

Intelligent Whale is an experimental hand-cranked submarine developed for potential use by the United States Navy in the 1860s.

## History

Intelligent Whale was built on the design of Scovel Sturgis Merriam in 1863 by Augustus Price and Cornelius Scranton Bushnell. In 1864 the American Submarine Company was formed, taking over the interests of Bushnell and Price and there followed years of litigation over the ownership of the craft. Intelligent Whale was completed and launched in 1866. When title was established by a court the submarine was sold on 29 October 1869 through a contract made by owner Oliver Halstead and Secretary of the Navy George M. Robeson to the United States Navy Department, with most of the price to be paid after successful trials. In September 1872 the first trial was held and was unsuccessful, whereupon the department refused further payments and abandoned the project.
Intelligent Whale submerged by filling water compartments, and expelled the water by pumps and compressed air. It was estimated that it could stay submerged for about ten hours. Thirteen crewmen could be accommodated, but only six were needed to make her operational. The only known trial, reported by submarine pioneer John Philip Holland, was made by a certain General Sweeney and two others. They submerged the boat in 16 feet (5 m) of water and Sweeney, clad in a diver's suit, emerged through a hole in the bottom, placed a charge under a scow, and reentered the submarine. The charge was exploded by a lanyard and a friction primer attached to the charge, sinking the scow.
Following the failed trial in 1872, Intelligent Whale was put on display at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and remained there until 1968 when she was moved to the Washington Navy Yard where she remained until being relocated to the National Guard Militia Museum of New Jersey in Sea Girt, New Jersey, where she is currently on display.
The U.S. Navy did not accept a submarine for service until the USS Holland was commissioned in 1900.
# List of rubies by size

Rubies of various sizes have been found throughout the world. This is a list of rubies by size.

## Gemstone

A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium.
Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are actually spinels. These were once known as "Balas rubies".
The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, which, along with carat weight, affect its value. The brightest and most valuable shade of red called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. Ruby is the traditional birthstone for July and is usually pinker than garnet, although some rhodolite garnets have a similar pinkish hue to most rubies. The world's most valuable ruby is the Sunrise Ruby.

## Notable rubies

| Name | Origin | Date | Uncut size | Cut size | Location |
| Maharlika Star Ruby | India | | | 10,820 carats (2,164 g) | Philippines |
| Liberty Bell Ruby | Burma | 1976 | | 8,500 carats (1,700 g) | Stolen and still missing |
| Neelanjali Ruby | | | | 1,370 carats (274 g) | |
| Prince of Burma | Burma | 1996 | 950 carats (190 g) | | |
| Rosser Reeves Ruby | Sri Lanka | | 138.7 carats (27.74 g) | | National Museum of Natural History |
| DeLong Star Ruby | Burma | 1930 | | 100.32 carats (20.064 g) | American Museum of Natural History |
| Garrard's Red Ruby | Burma | | | 40.63 carats (8.126 g) | |
| Sunrise Ruby | | | | 25.59 carats (5.118 g) | |
| Carmen Lúcia Ruby | Burma | 1930s | | 23.1 carats (4.62 g) | National Museum of Natural History |
| Elizabeth Taylor Ruby | | | | 8.243 carats (1.6486 g) | |
| Hell’s Embargo Ruby | Burma | 2021 | 4,794 carats (958.8 g) | | Annies Gems |
| Seraphine Ruby | Burma | 2022 | | 5.03 carats | Gems of Note |
| Estrela de Fura | Mozambique | 2022 | | 55.22 carats | |
# Santiago Alba Rico

Santiago Alba Rico (born 1960) is a Spanish writer and philosopher. He has lived in Tunisia for much of the 21st-century. He is known for essays such as Las reglas del caos, Leer con niños or Capitalismo y nihilismo.

## Biography

Santiago Alba Rico was born in Madrid in 1960, the son of journalist, producer, and screenwriter Lolo Rico, who was also the mother of writer Isabel Alba Rico [es]. He is also the great-grandson of politician Santiago Alba Bonifaz and the uncle of Nagua Alba.
Alba earned a licentiate degree in philosophy from the Complutense University of Madrid. He joined the crew of TVE's children show La bola de cristal (created by his mother) as a screenwriter (1984–1988), introducing content under a Marxist point of view. He relocated to Cairo in 1991 and then to Tunisia in 1998. He has worked as a translator to Spanish from Arabic. He was opposed to the rule of Muammar Gaddafi and Bashar al-Assad in the context of the Libyan and Syrian conflicts.
Podemos presented Alba as their candidate for the Senate in the constituency of the province of Ávila (he owns a residence in Piedralaves) vis-à-vis the December 2015 general election, failing to win the seat.

## Works
### Author

* — (1992). ¡Viva el mal! ¡Viva el capital!.
* — (1995). Las reglas del caos. Apuntes para una antropología del mercado.
* — (1999). El mundo incompleto. Un cuento sobre la creación y los autores.
* — (2001). ¡Viva la CIA! ¡Viva la Economía!.
* — (2001). La ciudad intangible. Ensayo sobre el fin del neolítico.
* — (2003). Torres más altas.
* — (2003). Galería de gente victoriosa: relatos y artículos sobre Irak.
* — (2006). Vendrá la realidad y nos encontrará dormidos. Partes de guerra y prosas de resistencia.
* — (2007). Leer con niños.
* — (2015). Islamofobia: nosotros, los otros, el miedo. Barcelona: Icaria.
* — (2021). España. Madrid: Lengua de Trapo.

### Co-author

* —; Fernández Liria, Carlos (1986). Dejar de pensar.
* —; Fernández Liria, Carlos (1989). Volver a pensar.
# The Child Thou Gavest Me

The Child Thou Gavest Me is a 1921 American drama film directed by John M. Stahl and written by Chester L. Roberts. The film stars Barbara Castleton, Adele Farrington, Winter Hall, Lewis Stone, William Desmond, and Richard Headrick. The film was released on August 20, 1921, by Associated First National Pictures.

## Plot

The film begins with a wedding. During the ceremony the bride's illegitimate child suddenly appears. The marriage is maintained on the outside, but within the couple the jealousy of the husband leads to strong conflicts.

## Cast

* Barbara Castleton as Norma Huntley
* Adele Farrington as Her Mother
* Winter Hall as Her Father
* Lewis Stone as Edward Berkeley
* William Desmond as Tom Marshall
* Richard Headrick as Bobby
* Mary Elizabeth Forbes as Governess

## Preservation

A nearly complete print of The Child Thou Gavest Me, 5,967 feet of its original 6,091 feet, is held by the Library of Congress. The print was screened at Pordenone Silent Film Festival in 2018.
# Latamoxef

Latamoxef (or moxalactam) is an oxacephem antibiotic usually grouped with the cephalosporins. In oxacephems such as latamoxef, the sulfur atom of the cephalosporin core is replaced with an oxygen atom.
Latamoxef has been associated with prolonged bleeding time, and several cases of coagulopathy, some fatal, were reported during the 1980s. Latamoxef is no longer available in the United States. As with other cephalosporins with a methylthiotetrazole side chain, latamoxef causes a disulfiram reaction when mixed with alcohol. Additionally, the methylthiotetrazole side chain inhibits γ-carboxylation of glutamic acid; this can interfere with the actions of vitamin K.
It has been described as a third-generation cephalosporin.

## Synthesis

Oxa-substituted third generation cephalosporin antibiotic (oxacephalosporin).
The benzhydrol ester of 6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is S-chlorinated and treated with base whereupon the intermediate sulfenyl chloride fragments (to 2). Next, displacement with propargyl alcohol in the presence of zinc chloride gives predominanntly the stereochemistry represented by diastereoisomer 3. The side chain is protected as the phenylacetylamide; the triple bond is partially reduced with a 5% Pd-CaCO3 (Lindlar catalyst) and then epoxidized with mCPBA to give 4. The epoxide is opened at the least hindered end with 1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol to put in place the future C-3 side chain and give intermediate 5. Jones oxidation followed in turn by ozonolysis (reductive work-up with zinc-AcOH) and reaction with SOCl2 and pyridine give halide 6. The stage is now wet for intramolecular Wittig reaction. Displacement with PPh3 and Wittig olefination gives 1-oxacephem 7. Next a sequence is undertaken of side chain exchange and introduction of a 7-methoxyl group analogous to that which is present in cephamycins and gives them the enhanced beta-lactamase stability. First 7 is converted to the imino chloride with PCl5 and then to the imino methyl ether (with methanol) and next hydrolyzed to the free amine (8). Imine formation with 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is next carried out leading to 9. Oxidation with nickel(III) oxide gives iminoquinone methide 10, to which methanol is added in a conjugate sense and in the sterechemistry represented by formula 11. The imine is exchanged with Girard's reagent T to give 12, and this is acylated by a suitable protected arylmalonate, as the hemiester hemiacid chloride so as to give 11. Deblocking with aluminium chloride and anisole gives moxalactam 14.
# Wretches & Jabberers

Wretches & Jabberers is a 2010 American documentary film directed by Gerardine Wurzburg and produced by Wurzburg and Douglas Biklen.The film is about two autistic men, Larry Bissonnette and Tracy Thresher, who travel the world helping other autistic people break out of their isolation. It opened in theaters in New York and California on July 30, 2010. Notably, the men use facilitated communication to communicate, which is a scientifically discredited technique.
# Banica, Gmina Uście Gorlickie

Banica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uście Gorlickie, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Uście Gorlickie, 22 km (14 mi) south of Gorlice, and 105 km (65 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
# Kinder Happy Hippo

Kinder Happy Hippo is a biscuit/candy made by the Italian chocolate and confectionery company Ferrero.

## Composition

The candy consists of a wafer biscuit shaped like a hippopotamus. Inside the crisp hollow biscuit are two flavours of icing: milk-flavored and hazelnut cream in the original flavour, and milk cream and chocolate cream in the cocoa flavour, similar to a Kinder Bueno. It is available in milk, dark, and white chocolate variants.
A milk-flavoured and strawberry icing in the strawberry flavour was introduced in summer for a limited time, but was quickly discontinued.

## Marketing

"Happy Hippo" were made famous by a series of popular animated commercials featuring a dog and a hippo getting into various situations that generally end in the two sharing a Happy Hippo biscuit. The original light blue Happy Hippo character was created by the French designer André Roche for Ferrero chocolates in 1987 and became famous worldwide due to its repeated appearances as a toy in easter eggs. The Happy Hippo toys came in various costumes and character designs, including an authorized parody character (named "Hipperium") from the George Lucas Star Wars trilogy.

## Availability

Kinder Happy Hippos can be purchased in parts of the United States (primarily in the Northeast), Canada, Mexico, Slovakia, Hong Kong, Japan, Italy, Israel, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Greece, Slovenia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Poland, Puerto Rico, Hungary, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Romania, Cyprus, South Africa, Morocco, Qatar, Tunisia, Thailand, Algeria, Chile, Malta, New Zealand, Denmark, Norway, Argentina, Brazil, France and Latvia.
In Australia and South Korea, Kinder Happy Hippos started appearing in petrol stations and supermarket chains, developing a slightly cult-like following amongst some adults, before the biscuits were discontinued in 2010. They returned to supermarkets in 2021.