OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Genesis Championship

The Genesis Championship is a men's professional golf tournament in South Korea. The inaugural event was held at the Jack Nicklaus Golf Club Korea from 21 to 24 September 2017. Prize money was KRW1,500,000,000, the largest for any Korean Tour event. The winner received KRW300,000,000 and an automatic entry to the CJ Cup and Genesis Open on the PGA Tour. The 2018 event was held in May while in 2019 and 2020 it was held in October.
The tournament is sponsored by Genesis Motors, the luxury vehicle division of Hyundai Motor Group.
In 2024, the tournament joined the European Tour schedule, becoming a co-sanctioned event.

## Winners

| Year | Tour(s) | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up | Venue |
| 2024 | EUR, KOR | An Byeong-hun | 271 | −17 | Playoff | Tom Kim | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
| 2023 | KOR | Park Sang-hyun | 271 | −17 | Playoff | Bae Yong-jun Im Sung-jae | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
| 2022 | KOR | Kim Yeong-su | 282 | −6 | 1 stroke | Ham Jeong-woo | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
| 2021 | KOR | Lee Jae-kyeong | 274 | −14 | 2 strokes | Shin Sang-hun | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
| 2020 | KOR | Kim Tae-hoon | 282 | −6 | 2 strokes | Lee Jae-kyeong | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
| 2019 | KOR | Im Sung-jae | 282 | −6 | 2 strokes | Kwon Sung-yeol Moon Kyong-jun | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
| 2018 | KOR | Lee Tae-hee | 281 | −7 | 2 strokes | Lee Jung-hwan | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
| 2017 | KOR | Kim Seung-hyuk | 270 | −18 | 8 strokes | Cho Min-gyu Seungsu Han Kang Kyung-nam | Jack Nicklaus GC Korea |
# Sofia Barclay

Sofia Beatrice Barclay (born 31 August 1988) is an English actress.

## Early life

Barclay was born in central London with her twin brother. She is the daughter of Ferzana and Aidan Barclay, and the granddaughter of Sir David Barclay. Barclay attended Westminster School. She took classes at the Square Theatre School in New York.

## Career

Initially credited as Sofia Stuart, Barclay began her career in theatre. She played Desmonda in the 2012 Jack Studio Brockley production of Othello and went on the 2014 tour with The Two Worlds of Charlie F. She had further theatre roles as Anna in Future Conditional at the Old Vic in 2015 and Nathalie in Mosquitoes at the National Theatre in 2017.
In 2018 and 2019, Barclay played Selina in the BBC Two legal sitcom Defending the Guilty and Alisha in the Hampstead Theatre production of Everyday I Make Greatness Happen, had a small role in the film In Darkness, and was cast as Adela Zal in a pilot for a potential NYPD Blue spin-off series on ABC. She then appeared in Julian Jarrold's Sulphur and White.
Barclay had recurring roles as Zarina in the 2021 Channel 4 sitcom We Are Lady Parts and Dr Sullivan, Roy Kent's (Brett Goldstein) sister in the second and third seasons of the Apple TV+ sports comedy Ted Lasso. She originated the role of Maya in The Collaboration at the Young Vic in 2022. The following year, she played Suzy Ray in the romantic comedy Love Again and voiced Malala Windsor (Spider-UK) for the Marvel animated sequel Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse.
In July 2024, it was announced Barclay would star opposite Leo Suter in a Lynley revival for BBC One and BritBox. She also played Safiya Zamil in the Apple TV+ thriller Prime Target.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2014 | Avenue to Nowhere | Patron | Short film |
| 2014 | Bistro Caprice | Mélanie | Short film |
| 2018 | In Darkness | WPC | |
| 2019 | Misconduct | Melissa | Short film |
| 2020 | Sulphur and White | Divina | |
| 2023 | Love Again | Suzy Ray | |
| 2023 | Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse | Malala Windsor / Spider-UK | Voice role |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Witchville | Witch | Television film |
| 2018 | Beyond the Blade | The Doctor | Episode: "The Doctor" |
| 2018–2019 | Defending the Guilty | Selina | 3 episodes |
| 2019 | NYPD Blue | Adela Zal | Pilot |
| 2021–2024 | We Are Lady Parts | Zarina | 2 episodes |
| 2021–2023 | Ted Lasso | Dr. O'Sullivan | 2 episodes |
| 2025 | Prime Target | Safiya Zamil | |
| TBA | Lynley | DS Barbara Havers | |

## Stage

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | Othello | Desmonda | Jack Studio Theatre, Brockley |
| 2014 | The Two Worlds of Charlie F | Lauren | UK tour |
| 2015 | Future Conditional | Anna | Old Vic, London |
| 2017 | Mosquitoes | Nathalie | National Theatre, London |
| 2018 | Everyday I Make Greatness Happen | Alisha | Hampstead Theatre, London |
| 2022 | The Collaboration | Maya | Young Vic, London |
# Jackie Hamilton (ice hockey)

John McIvor "Jack" Hamilton (June 2, 1925 – March 20, 1994) was a Canadian ice hockey centre who played 102 games in the National Hockey League between 1943 and 1946. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1941 to 1958, was spent in various minor leagues.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1939–40 | Toronto Young Rangers | OHA | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1940–41 | Toronto Young Rangers | OHA | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1941–42 | Toronto Young Rangers | OHA | 17 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| 1941–42 | Toronto Kodaks | TMHL | 11 | 10 | 4 | 14 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1942–43 | Toronto Staffords | TIHL | 9 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1942–43 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | 13 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 1943–44 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | 49 | 20 | 17 | 37 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1944–45 | Cornwallis Navy | NSDHL | 13 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0 |
| 1945–46 | Pittsburgh Hornets | AHL | 8 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1945–46 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | 40 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1946–47 | Pittsburgh Hornets | AHL | 64 | 27 | 41 | 68 | 63 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1947–48 | Pittsburgh Hornets | AHL | 67 | 21 | 29 | 50 | 52 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 1948–49 | Providence Reds | AHL | 59 | 26 | 54 | 80 | 32 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 6 |
| 1949–50 | Providence Reds | AHL | 55 | 19 | 35 | 54 | 20 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 1950–51 | Providence Reds | AHL | 45 | 21 | 26 | 47 | 29 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1950–51 | St. Louis Flyers | AHL | 22 | 12 | 18 | 30 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1951–52 | St. Louis Flyers | AHL | 67 | 27 | 50 | 77 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1952–53 | Shawinigan Falls Cataracts | QSHL | 17 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 31 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1952–53 | New Westminster Royals | WHL | 45 | 12 | 19 | 31 | 52 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 1953–54 | New Westminster Royals | WHL | 63 | 15 | 31 | 46 | 54 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 1954–55 | Ayr Centennials | OHA Sr | 40 | 7 | 30 | 37 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1954–55 | Ayr Centennials | Al-Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 4 |
| 1955–56 | Owen Sound Mercurys | OHA Sr | 48 | 18 | 35 | 53 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1956–57 | Owen Sound Mercurys | OHA Sr | 8 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1956–57 | Troy Bruins | IHL | 15 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1957–58 | North Bay Trappers | OHA Sr | 10 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — |
| AHL totals | AHL totals | AHL totals | 387 | 158 | 256 | 414 | 252 | 32 | 8 | 13 | 21 | 24 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 102 | 28 | 32 | 60 | 20 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
# Rural Municipality of Grant No. 372

The Rural Municipality of Grant No. 372 (2016 population: 466) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 15 and SARM Division No. 5. The RM's office is located in Vonda.

## History

The RM of Grant No. 372 incorporated as a rural municipality on December 13, 1909.

### Heritage properties

There are four designated heritage buildings located within the RM. These properties include:
* Holy Trinity Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church - Constructed in 1924, the church was built by Theodore Yanow and continues to be used as a church.
* Robert and Adele Schmidt's Double Hip Red Barn - Constructed in 1917.
* Ss. Peter and Paul Ukrainian Catholic Church (Bodnari Church) - Constructed in 1936, eight kilometers east from the Village of Smuts, the church was constructed by immigrants from the Borschiv region of Ukraine.
* St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - Constructed near Smuts in 1926, the church was constructed by immigrants from the Borshchiv and Morodenka regions of Ukraine.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

#### Towns

* Vonda
The following unincorporated communities are within the RM.

#### Localities

* St. Denis
* Smuts

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Grant No. 372 had a population of 525 living in 190 of its 215 total private dwellings, a change of 12.7% from its 2016 population of 466. With a land area of 659.69 km$^2$ (254.71 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.8/km$^2$ (2.1/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Grant No. 372 recorded a population of 466 living in 168 of its 187 total private dwellings, a 9.6% change from its 2011 population of 425. With a land area of 666.16 km$^2$ (257.21 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.7/km$^2$ (1.8/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The RM of Grant No. 372 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the third Tuesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Travis Hryniuk while its administrator is Brenda Skakun. The RM's office is located in Vonda.
# Sicinek

Sicinek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąbrzeźno, within Wąbrzeźno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Wąbrzeźno and 39 km (24 mi) north-east of Toruń.
# Bendeleben Mountains

65°12′30″N 163°35′22″W﻿ / ﻿65.20833°N 163.58944°W﻿ / 65.20833; -163.58944
The Bendeleben (/ˈbɛn.dəˌleɪ.bɨn/) Mountains are a mountain range on the heart of the Seward Peninsula in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States. This range forms a major divide between drainage basins draining into the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. The tallest peak, Mount Bendeleben is 3,730 feet (1,140 m) at the summit, and is located on the west end. Bits of the range go into the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, but most of the peaks remain unclaimed. The Tubutulik River flows in the area.
Mount Bendeleben is the highest point on the Seward Peninsula east of the Kigluaik Mountains. According to the geologists who studied contiguous areas in 1900, the metamorphic schists of the Bendeleben Mountains were considered distinct from the other schists of the region and were therefore given a name and assigned to a more or less definite stratigraphic position. In 1908, the senior writer of this report made a cross section of the range along the western margin of the area, and in 1909 the party had the opportunity of studying the section north and west. of Death Valley, where rocks previously considered as belonging to the Kigluaik group are exposed. About the head of the Fish River, the mountains are chiefly granitic, but along their flanks and sometimes extending through them in belts of varying breadth which mark the passes are areas of schistose sediments. Similar to the Kigluaik Mountains, the Bendeleban Mountains are rugged, with sharply cut valleys, and many glacial cirques.

## Flora

On the southern side of the Bendeleben Mountains, scattered spruce trees are reported in the valley of the Niukluk River as far west as Libby River, which rises on the west side of Mount Bendeleben. Eastward, spruce grows along all the streams. On the northern side of the Bendeleben Mountains, spruce is found in the valley of the Koyuk River, west to the vicinity of Timber Creek on the south, and to the tributaries heading toward Kiwalik Mountain on the north. Spruce extends considerably farther west on the south side of the Bendeleben Mountains than it does on the north.
# Law-lin Tsi

Law-lin Tsi (Chinese: 紫羅蓮; 1924 – 2015) was a former Chinese actress and Cantonese opera singer from Hong Kong. Tsi is credited with over 140 films.

## Early life

In 1924, Tsi was born as Chow Kit Lin in Yunfu, Guangdong province, China.

## Career

At age 12, Tsi learned Cantonese opera. In 1937, at age 14, Tsi started her Cantonese opera singing career with Tai Ping Opera Troupe and Kok Sin Sing Opera Troupe. In 1939, Tsi crossed over as an actress in Hong Kong films. Tsi first appeared in Eighth Heaven, a 1939 film and in Rivals in Love, a 1939 film. Tsi also appeared in One Hundred Thousand Children's Corpses, a 1940 Cantonese opera film directed by But Fu. In 1952, Tsi co-founded Union Film Enterprises Ltd, a film production company. Tsi appeared as Ming Fung in Family, a 1953 Historical Drama film directed by Ng Wui, and it was a film debut for Union Film Enterprise. Tsi also appeared as a lead actress in In the Face of Demolition, a 1953 Drama film directed by Lee Tit. Tsi founded Tsi Lo Lin Film Company. In 1954, Tsi became a writer, director, producer, and lead actress in Love in Malaya (aka Malaya Love Affair), a Drama film. Tsi is known for her role as a demure lady or a period beautiful wife. In 1964, Tsi retired from the film. Tsi's last film was The Flying Killer (aka The Female Chivalry), a 1966 Fantasy Action Science Fiction film directed by Chien Lung. Tsi is credited with over 140 films.

## Filmography
### Films

This is a partial list of films.
* 1939 Eighth Heaven
* 1939 Rivals in Love
* 1940 One Hundred Thousand Children's Corpses
* 1941 Bridge of Jealousy
* 1948 Return of the Swallows - Wong Oi-Ming
* 1953 Family - Ming Fung
* 1954 In the Face of Demolition
* 1954 Love in Malaya (aka Malaya Love Affair) - Leung Yuk Git, also as writer, director, and producer
* 1954 Sworn Sisters - Ying.
* 1955 The Lone Swan
* 1956 The Dunce Attends a Birthday Party - 3rd Sister.
* 1956 The Precious Lotus Lamp - Holy Mother of Mount Hua
* 1957 Hen-pecked Husband
* 1957 The Splendour of Youth - Han Xiangying
* 1966 The Flying Killer (aka The Female Chivalry)

## Awards

* Star. Avenue of Stars. Tsim Sha Tsui waterfront in Hong Kong.

## Personal life

In 1950-51, Tsi traveled to Malaya during a theatre tour. Tsi had three daughters. In the 1960s, Tsi lived with her daughters in Seattle, Washington. In 2011, Tsi lived in Canada. On December 24, 2015, Tsi died in Hong Kong.
# Heinrich von Coudenhove-Kalergi

Heinrich Johann Maria von Coudenhove-Kalergi (12 October 1859 – 14 May 1906), also known as Heinrich Coudenhove-Kalergi (styled as Count of Coudenhove until 1903 and Count of Coudenhove-Kalergi thereafter), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat and writer who was a member of the Coudenhove-Kalergi family. He was born in Vienna and died in Ronsberg, Western Bohemia (today Poběžovice in the Czech Republic). He spoke 18 languages (including Turkish, Arabic, Hebrew and Japanese), and his diplomatic postings included Athens, Rio de Janeiro, Constantinople and Buenos Aires.
He was made Deputy Minister of Austria-Hungary to Japan, where he remained for 4 years, studying Buddhism and marrying a young Japanese woman from a samurai family, Mitsuko Aoyama. They had seven children, including Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, best known for his role in establishing the Pan-European Movement, and Ida Friederike Görres, a well-known Catholic author.

## Views on race and religion

In his youth, Heinrich Coudenhove-Kalergi had been an antisemite. He had expected to confirm his antipathy towards the Jews when he started work on his treatise, Das Wesen des Antisemitismus (The Essence of Antisemitism). But he came to a different conclusion by the time he published his book in 1901. Following an ironic critique of the new racial theories, he declared that the essence of antisemitism amounted to nothing more credible than fanatical religious hatred. He traced that fanaticism to religious bigotry that originated in the promulgation of Torah under Ezra. According to Coudenhove-Kalergi, Jewish religious bigotry provoked opposition from the relatively tolerant Greco-Roman polytheists, eliciting their anti-Judaic reaction. Antisemitism came into existence when Christianity and Islam took over the intolerant fanaticism of Judaism, and turned it against the Jews. Thus, Heinrich Coudenhove-Kalergi credited the Jews with originating religious intolerance, and condemned it as a violation of genuine religious principles. He branded every sort of anti-Judaism unchristian. He further urged liberal Christians and Jews to ally in protecting both of their religions, and religion as such, against the emerging menace of secularism.
In spite of his opposition to simplistic racial theory, Coudenhove-Kalergi agreed that Jews are racially distinct. Although he pointed out that there is no Semitic race, because Semitic is a language family; he equivocated by also remarking that the charges that Semites were uncreative were belied by civilizations formed by the Assyrians and Babylonians, who spoke Semitic languages. He further sought to defend the Jews against bigoted charges of parasitic greed and cowardice with anecdotal counterexamples of Jewish industriousness and martial courage.

## Publications

An English translation of his book Das Wesen des Antisemitismus (1901) was published in 1935 as Anti-Semitism Throughout the Ages, with an additional chapter on "Jew-Hatred To-Day" added by his son Richard.
# Philipps

Philipps is an English, Dutch, and German surname meaning "lover of horses". Derivative, patronym, of the more common ancient Greek name "Philippos and Philippides." Notable people with this surname are:
"Philipps" has also been a shortened version of Philippson, a German surname especially prevalent amongst German Jews and Dutch Jews.
* Busy Philipps (born 1979), American film actress
* Colwyn Philipps, 3rd Viscount St Davids (1939–2009), British peer
* Kinga Philipps (born 1976), American actress
* Rhodri Philipps (born 1966), eldest son of the current Viscount St Davids
* Richard Philipps (1661–1750), British Governor of Nova Scotia
* Sir John Philipps, 6th Baronet (circa 1701–1764), Welsh Jacobite politician
* Sir Owen Cosby Philipps (1863–1937), Knight of Justice of the Order of St John
* Wogan Philipps, 2nd Baron Milford (1902–1993), only member of the Communist Party of Great Britain ever to sit in the House of Lords
* Mount Philipps, a mountain in New Zealand
# Siedlimowo

Siedlimowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziora Wielkie, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Jeziora Wielkie, 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Mogilno, 67 km (42 mi) south-west of Toruń, and 72 km (45 mi) south of Bydgoszcz.
# Tampichthys

Tampichthys is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to east–central Mexico. They are entirely restricted to the Pánuco River basin, except T. ipni which also occurs in some other Mexican rivers that drain into the Gulf of Mexico.
These are small fish, generally no more than 9 cm (3.5 in) long, and overall brownish-silvery with a distinct dark horizontal line from the head to the tail base.

## Species

Tampichthys was formerly considered a part of Dionda instead of a separate genus. There are six described species in Tampichthys, but undescribed species are known.
* Tampichthys catostomops (C. L. Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1977) (Pánuco minnow)
* Tampichthys dichromus (C. L. Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1977) (Bicolor minnow)
* Tampichthys erimyzonops (C. L. Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1974) (Chubsucker minnow)
* Tampichthys ipni (Álvarez & Navarro, 1953) (Lantern minnow)
* Tampichthys mandibularis (Contreras-Balderas & Verduzco-Martínez, 1977) (Flatjaw minnow)
* Tampichthys rasconis (D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1899) (Blackstripe minnow)
# Göyarx

Goyarkh (Azerbaijani: Göyarx) or Levonarkh (Armenian: Լեւոնարխ) is an abandoned village in the Aghdara District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population in 1989.

## History

During the Soviet period, the village was a part of the Mardakert District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. In 1993, the village came under the control of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh as part of its Martakert Province coming under the control of ethnic Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The village is on the ceasefire line between the armed forces of Artsakh and Azerbaijan. There have been allegations of cease-fire violations in the village's vicinity.
# Sosno

Sosno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbiczno, within Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# The Family Among the Australian Aborigines

The Family Among the Australian Aborigines: A Sociological Study is a 1913 anthropological book by the Polish scholar Bronisław Malinowski.
The book was based on materials Malinowski collected and wrote in the years 1909–1911. It was well received not just by contemporary reviewers, but also by scholars generations later. In 1963, in his foreword to its new edition, John Arundel Barnes called it an epochal work, and noted how it discredited the previously held theory that Australian Aborigines have no institution of family.$^{:337}$
# A Season of Good Rain

Season of Good Rain (Korean: 호우시절; RR: Ho u shijeol), also known as A Good Rain Knows, is a 2009 romantic drama film directed by Hur Jin-ho. It stars Jung Woo-sung and Gao Yuanyuan. The film was released in South Korean theaters on October 8, 2009 and had a total of 287,887 admissions.
Originally intended as the second segment of Chengdu, I Love You, the director and producers expanded its running time and released it as a stand-alone feature.

## Plot

Timely like the spring rain, so has he come back into my life ....
Dong-ha is a thirty-something Korean architect on a business trip to Chengdu where his company is carrying out construction projects to rebuild the city after the earthquake of 2008. By chance, he meets May, an old friend from his school days in the United States. May is originally from Chengdu, where she had returned to after graduation; she works as a tour guide. Dong-ha and May had feelings for each other then, but they parted before they had a chance to define or declare them. Now that they are thrown together again, they find that these old feelings reignite and new ones form.

## Cast

* Jung Woo-sung as Park Dong-ha
* Gao Yuanyuan as May (Wu Yue)
* Kim Sang-ho as President Ji
* Ma Shaohua as Director Ma
# Jubilee Clip

A Jubilee Clip is a genericised brand name for a worm drive hose clamp, a type of band clamp, consisting of a circular metal band or strip combined with a worm gear fixed to one end. It is designed to hold a soft, pliable hose onto a rigid circular pipe, or sometimes a solid spigot, of smaller diameter.
Other names for the worm gear hose clamp include worm drive, worm gear clips, clamps, or just hose clips. In the United Kingdom, Ireland and some of the former British colonies, the Jubilee Clip dominated the market to the extent that Jubilee Clips tend to be known almost exclusively by their brand name. In Canada, these are sometimes called Tridon Clamps after the Canadian manufacturer of these hose or gear clamps.

## History

The Jubilee brand clamp brand was started by Commander Lumley Robinson of the British Royal Navy, who was granted the first patent for his device by the London Patent Office in 1921 while operating as a sole trader. It is now subject to a registered trademark in many countries around the world. The design has been copied with many variations, and there are many other hose clips of a similar design.