OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Belgrano

Joseph Gregorio Belgrano (1762–1823) was an Argentine military officer and politician. His brother was the General Manuel Belgrano, member of the Primera Junta and hero in Argentine War of Independence.

## Biography

He was born in Buenos Aires, son of Domingo Belgrano Pérez, a merchant born in Oneglia, and María Josefa González Casero, belonging to a distinguished family of Creole origin.
After completing his studies in Potosí, Joseph Belgrano began his military career as Standard-bearer, in the Regimiento de Milicias de Caballería de Buenos Aires. He had a great performance as commander of the Spanish militias of Buenos Aires. In 1800, the King Charles IV of Spain appointed him as Ayudante del Regimiento de Milicias de Caballería de la Plaza de Buenos Aires.
In 1806 and 1807, Belgrano participated with great heroism in defense of Buenos Aires against the English invaders (British invasions of the Río de la Plata). During May Revolution of 1810, he was invited to participate in the Cabildo abierto, voting in favor of the dismissal of the Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros.
Joseph Belgrano was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1811, serving in the garrison of Buenos Aires until his retirement.

## Family

Joseph Belgrano was married in the Parish Nuestra Señora de Montserrat to Casiana Cabral y Gutiérrez de Bárcena, daughter of José Luis Cabral and Martina Gutiérrez de Bárcena, belonging to an illustrious family of Creole origin. He and his wife were the parents of numerous children linked to distinguished Argentine families.
His sons, Domingo Estanislao Belgrano and José María Belgrano, were married to the sisters Fernanda and Margarita Rico Rueda, great-granddaughters of Francisco Rueda, born in El Puerto de Santa María, and Juana de Piña, a natural daughter of Antonio Piña, born in Morón de la Frontera and María Nicolasa Jaime Merlos, belonging to the Merlos family.
Joseph Gregorio Belgrano was a remote descendant of Gonzalo Casco. His ancestor Pedro Ramírez Reynoso, served as lieutenant in the Fort of Buenos Aires.
# Oier Aizpurua

Oier Aizpurua Aranzadi (born 6 November 1977 in Zumaia) is a Spanish sprint canoer who competed in the early 2000s. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-4 200 m: 2002) and two bronzes (K-4 200 m: 2003, K-4 500 m: 2002).
# Sally J. Novetzke

Sally J. Novetzke (née Johnson; January 12, 1932 – January 29, 2025) was an American political aide and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Malta from 1989 to 1993.

## Life and career

Sally Johnson was born on January 12, 1932, in Stillwater, Minnesota. She became interested in politics from a young age, learning from her father, who was a fan of Herbert Hoover. She attended Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, where she studied history and political science, but left before graduating to marry Richard Novetzke, a pilot in the U.S. Navy. Sally had the couple's first two children while the couple were living in Hawaii. The couple had four children in total.

### Political career

George H. W. Bush met Novetzke for the first time in 1979, while he was campaigning in Iowa. The next day, he asked her to be the Linn County chairwoman for his presidential campaign, a position she served in until 1980. Novetzke went on to work on other campaigns, including the 1980 and 1984 Reagan/Bush campaigns, and George H. W. Bush's 1988 presidential campaign. From 1974 to 1988, she was a delegate to " state, district, and county Republican conventions," and a delegate at the 1980 Republican National Convention. In 1984, she was a delegate both to the Republican National Committee and the Permanent Organization Committee; at the 1988 Republican convention, she was a delegate-at-large.
From 1982 to 1985, she ran Iowa's Republican Party, the first woman to do so. She then led the Iowa Federation of Republican Women from 1987 to 1989. She also served on the boards of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, the Hoover Presidential Foundation, and the National Council on Vocational Education.
When Bush was elected president in 1988, he asked her to be Ambassador to Malta. She moved to Malta in November 1989. The following month, she was in charge of the team that coordinated the 1989 Malta Summit between Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev. Speaking to The Washington Post in 1989, she noted that after the summit her priorities would include increased trade between the U.S. and Malta, and increased American investment in the country. She said she planned to involve a number of American executives whom she had met while working for the National Council on Vocational Education.

### Later life and death

Novetzke maintained a close friendship with Barbara Bush following their first meeting in 1988. She attended George H. W. Bush's funeral in 2018.
Novetzke died in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on January 29, 2025, at the age of 93.
# Marković Polje

Marković Polje (Serbian Cyrillic: Марковић Поље) is a village in the municipality of Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 370.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 283 | 76.5% |
| Serbs | 82 | 22.2% |
| Bosniaks | 4 | 1.1% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.3% |
| Total | 370 | 100% |
# Ćoseti

Ćoseti (Serbian Cyrillic: Ћосети) is a village in the municipality of Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
A small village just outside Čande and Maoča which are also in the Brčko District. The village during the 1992-1995 war was not hit as hard as the surrounding cities of Brčko District. New government funding has been requested in order to create better roads and support the new school that was built back in 2009. There are a few people that are from the United States that live there due to them coming to America during the warfare starting in 1992.
Džemat Ćoseti is located 17 km south of Brčko. With 100 households, it belongs to the category of smaller congregations.
There are two mosques in the congregation, an old mosque with a wooden minaret built way back in 1936 and a new under-domed mosque with a high minaret with two sherefas. The old mosque was closed in 1963 during the SFRY, but was restored and opened in 2014. In the old mosque, the Jumma prayer is offered every last Friday of the month. All five daily prayers are regularly performed in the new mosque, and maktab classes are held two days a week, on Saturdays and Sundays.
Imams in this congregation were: Ramadan ef. Omerović, Ibrahim ef. Hukičević, Nedim ef. Hamzabegović, Besim ef. Hodžić, Šefik ef. Ribić and Faruk ef. Alić, the current imam of the congregation. From the waqf property, in addition to the old and new mosques, the congregation owns an imam's house, gasulhana, cemetery and an arable field.
The imam, khatib and muallim of Ćoseti cobgregation is Faruk ef. Alić. He was born to his father Muhedin on January 2, 1964 in Crniš, Tutin municipality. He graduated from Alaudin madrasa in Priština in 1984. He began his imam career in the Nahvioci congregation – MIZ Čelic, and then on September 25, 1988, he moved to the Ćoseti congregagation.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 732.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 668 | 91.3% |
| Croats | 2 | 0.3% |
| other/undeclared | 62 | 8.5% |
| Total | 732 | 100% |
# Cambodian tical

From the 1850s to 1875, the tical was the currency of Cambodia as well as Siam and Laos. However, as a result of French intervention in the region, the tical in Cambodia was replaced in 1875 by the Cambodian franc. The term tical was the name which foreigners used for the local word baht (which gave rise to the modern Thai baht). The word baht actually referred to a weight in relation to a weight of silver, since the monetary system was based on the weight of silver coins. The tical (or baht) was a silver coin weighing 15 grams, hence giving it a rough similarity in value to the Indian rupee. The tical was subdivided into 64 att, 32 pe, 8 fuang or 4 salong.

## History

Ang Duong became King of Cambodia in 1848, and began issuing in the 1850s ticals, which were the first machine-made coins in Cambodia. When Oudong was still the capital of Cambodia, there was an area called Pum Kleang Prak (coin warehouse village) and was the location of a mint that produced ticals.
In Cambodia, the ticals were made from metals like gold and silver, whilst neighbouring countries regularly used copper and zinc in their currency. This made the Cambodian tical the most valuable currency in the region and would help the Cambodian economy. It also allowed Ang Duong to establish ties with the French, which would pave the way for the French protectorate. During French colonial rule, the Cambodian tical was replaced by the Cambodian franc, and subsequently the French Indochinese piastre.

## Coins

In 1847 and 1848, coins were issued in denominations of 1 att, 1 and 2 pe, 1 fuang, 1⁄4, 1 and 4 tical. The 1 att was struck in copper, the 1 and 2 pe were struck in both copper and billon, the 1 fuang was struck in copper, billon and silver, whilst the 1⁄4, 1 and 4 tical were struck in silver. Many of the smaller coins were uniface.
A Cambodian tical was divisible into 8 fuangs and 64 atts.

## Gallery

* 1⁄4 Tical
* 1⁄4 Tical
* 1⁄8 Tical
* 1 Tical from the reign of Norodom I
# AmNewYork Metro

amNewYork Metro is a free daily newspaper that is published in New York City by Schneps Media. According to the company, the average Friday circulation in September 2013 was 335,900. When launched on October 10, 2003, it was the first free daily newspaper in New York City.
amNewYork Metro is primarily distributed in enclosed newspaper holders ("honor boxes") located on sidewalks at street corners with high pedestrian traffic, and in racks in many major transportation hubs.

## History

Boston-based free newspaper publisher Russel Pergament moved into New York City's ultra-competitive newspaper market in the early 2000s, a move Time called "admirable in its audacity", by focusing on the 18-to-34 segment of the population that traditionally did not read newspapers and wanted content that was "fast, blather free and unbiased" according to Pergament. He launched amNewYork, published by the Tribune Company, on October 10, 2003. When it launched, amNewYork was the first free daily newspaper in New York City.
amNewYork grew quickly to a circulation of 290,000 by May 2004. The launch of amNew York was part of a broader effort across the United States to revive the moribund newspaper industry after a decade of eroding readership and declining business.
amNewYork, along with Newsday, was sold by the Tribune Company to Cablevision in July 2008. amNewYork was acquired by Schneps Media in October 2019. and subsequently merged with Metro New York to become amNewYork Metro in January 2020.
# Sandy Blythe

Robert Alexander "Sandy" Blythe, OAM (24 February 1962 – 18 November 2005) was an Australian wheelchair basketball player. He became a paraplegic due to a car accident in 1981, and went on to participate in the Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team at four Paralympic Games, captaining the gold medal-winning team at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics. He committed suicide in 2005 at the age of 43 after a long illness.

## Biography

Blythe was born in Geelong on 24 February 1962. He grew up in a farm outside the Victorian town of Derrinallum and was a champion Australian rules football player as a teenager. He played in the Teal Cup and was later part of the St Kilda Football Club country squad. In 1981, he began studying at the Ballarat College of Advanced Education, but later that year, he was involved in a three-car collision that rendered him paraplegic. In 1984 he obtained his physical education degree on schedule, despite his six-month rehabilitation at Austin Hospital.
He was part of the Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team at the 1988 Seoul, 1992 Barcelona, 1996 Atlanta, and 2000 Sydney Paralympics. He was the captain of the team when it won a gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Games and was co-captain with Priya Cooper of the Australian Paralympic team at the 2000 Sydney Games. He had an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship in 1998 for wheelchair basketball.
Blythe was also a motivational speaker who formed and worked in several businesses that improved public awareness of people with disabilities. In 2000, he released a memoir, Blythe Spirit.
On 18 November 2005, Blythe committed suicide; he had had depression and chronic fatigue syndrome for several years. He was survived by his partner of eight years, wheelchair basketballer Paula Coghlan.

## Recognition

Blythe received a Medal of the Order of Australia in 1997 for his 1996 gold medal. In 2000, he received an Australian Sports Medal. The Sandy Blythe Medal, awarded to the best player of the year in the Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team, is named in his honour. In 2010, he was posthumously inducted into the Australian Basketball Hall of Fame.
# Plumber's nightmare

In soft matter physics, the plumber's nightmare is a structure characterized by fully connected, periodic, and topologically nontrivial surfaces. It consists of two surfaces, each of which is topologically like the surface of the bars of a jungle gym. These two "jungle gyms" are interwoven. It was predicted decades ago that this structure could be thermodynamically favored under certain circumstances.
In 2003 researchers succeeded in making a plumber's nightmare structure using a block copolymer of polyisoprene and polyethylene oxide mixed with aluminum sec-butoxide and a compound containing silicon. The polyisoprene parts formed the "jungle gym", and upon calcining this left a matrix of aluminosilicate.
The term plumber's nightmare became widely known through a publication by David A. Huse and Stanislas Leibler who attribute the name to Sol Gruner.

## Other Uses

The Window's 3-D Pipes Screensaver is also known as The Plumber's Nightmare
The Series 'A' Vincent Rapide became known as "The Plumber's Nightmare" due to the mass of external pipework around the engine.
# 1964 State of the Union Address

The 1964 State of the Union Address was given by Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president of the United States, on Wednesday, January 8, 1964, to the 88th United States Congress in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was Johnson's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress after the assassination of his predecessor John F. Kennedy in November 1963. Presiding over this joint session was House speaker John W. McCormack, accompanied by Senate president pro tempore Carl Hayden.
In the speech, Johnson announced his War on Poverty initiative, declaring "This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America. I urge this Congress and all Americans to join with me in that effort." Johnson thus discussed the need to improve the unemployment rate, urged equal civil rights for all Americans, and proposed a reduced budget for the next fiscal year.
# Anuario de Estudios Medievales

Anuario de Estudios Medievales (AEM) is a medieval history magazine published in Barcelona since 1964.

## History

It was founded in 1964 by the historian Emilio Sáez Sánchez, who also served as director of the publication. The magazine is published in Barcelona by the Milà and Fontanals Institution of the CSIC. Since 2000, an annual volume with two fascicles has been published regularly. In 2007 it was the Spanish history magazine with the greatest presence in library catalogs and the medieval history publication with the greatest visibility abroad. In 2014, it obtained, for the first time, the FECYT Quality Seal in recognition of editorial and scientific quality.

## Content

Anuario de Estudios Medievales publishes original research articles on various aspects of the Middle Ages: political, social, economic, cultural, religious history, science, art, literature, thought, philosophy, etc. The first fascicle, of a miscellaneous nature, is published in June and the second, dedicated annually to a different monographic theme, appears in December. In each fascicle, reviews and obituaries of eminent medievalists are also published.

## Direction

The direction of the magazine was in the hands of its founder Emilio Sáez Sanchez until 1988, although between 1983 and 1988 it was co-directed by Maria Teresa Ferrer i Mallol. From 1988, with the death of Emilio Sáez, the direction fell exclusively to Maria Teresa Ferrer, until 2010. Since then, the magazine has been directed by Roser Salicrú y Lluch, until 2019 Pere Verdes and Pijoan are in charge.
# Mohamed Hassan (footballer, born 1985)

Mohamed Hassan (Arabic: مُحَمَّد حَسَن; born March 28, 1985), also known as "Mido" (Arabic: ميدو), is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a centre-forward for Ismaily SC. Hassan has scored more than 100 goals in Egyptian Second Division.
# Mareks

Mareks is a Latvian masculine given name and may refer to:
* Mareks Ārents (born 1986), Latvian track and field athlete
* Mareks Jurevičus (born 1985), Latvian basketball player
* Mareks Mejeris (born 1991), Latvian basketball player
* Mareks Segliņš (born 1970), Latvian politician and lawyer
# Soyuz MS-29

Soyuz MS-29 is a planned Russian crewed Soyuz spaceflight to launch from Baikonur in March 2026 to the International Space Station.

## Crew

Prime crew :
| Position | Cosmonaut | Cosmonaut |
| Commander | Pyotr Dubrov Expedition 74/75 Second spaceflight | Pyotr Dubrov Expedition 74/75 Second spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 1 | Anna Kikina Expedition 74/75 Second spaceflight | Anna Kikina Expedition 74/75 Second spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer 2 | Anil Menon Expedition 74/75 First spaceflight | Anil Menon Expedition 74/75 First spaceflight |
# Marsh Spur

Marsh Spur (65°53′S 62°38′W﻿ / ﻿65.883°S 62.633°W﻿ / -65.883; -62.633) is a spur in the eastern Voden Heights about 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) south of Bildad Peak and 4.5 nautical miles west of Scar Inlet on the east side of Graham Land, Antarctica. The spur is important geologically for the contact between basement complex gneisses and volcanics of probable Upper Jurassic age. The spur was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Anthony F. Marsh, a British Antarctic Survey geologist at Fossil Bluff and Hope Bay, 1963–65.
# Marla Glacier

Marla Glacier (64°00′30″S 58°53′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.00833°S 58.88333°W﻿ / -64.00833; -58.88333﻿ (Marla Glacier)) is a glacier 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) wide on the northeast side of Detroit Plateau on the southern Trinity Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica.

## Location

Marla Glacier is in Graham Land on the southeast coast of the Trinity Peninsula, which forms the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is situated south of Aitkenhead Glacier and north of Diplock Glacier.
It drains southeastwards along the east slopes of Povien Peak, then turns east between Mount Roberts and Bezenšek Spur, and flows into Prince Gustav Channel in Weddell Sea.

## Name

Marla Glacier glacier is named after Marla River in Northern Bulgaria.

## Nearby features

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)

### Simpson Nunatak

63°58′S 58°54′W﻿ / ﻿63.967°S 58.900°W﻿ / -63.967; -58.900. A nunatak, 1,165 metres (3,822 ft) high, rising 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) northwest of Mount Roberts, on the south margin of Aitkenhead Glacier. Named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Hugh W. Simpson of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), a member of the Detroit Plateau reconnaissance party from Hope Bay in 1957.

### Povien Peak

63°58′56″S 58°58′12″W﻿ / ﻿63.98222°S 58.97000°W﻿ / -63.98222; -58.97000. An ice-covered peak rising to 1,455 metres (4,774 ft) high in the northeast foothills of Detroit Plateau. Situated between the upper courses of Marla and Diplock Glaciers, 9.48 kilometres (5.89 mi) southwest of Mancho Buttress and, 7.3 kilometres (4.5 mi) west-northwest of Mount Roberts. Bezenšek Spur projects east-southeastwards from the peak. Named after the settlement of Povien in Southern Bulgaria.

### Bezenšek Spur

64°01′15″S 58°52′00″W﻿ / ﻿64.02083°S 58.86667°W﻿ / -64.02083; -58.86667. A 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi) long and 665 metres (2,182 ft) high wide rocky ridge rising to 900 metres (3,000 ft) high in the northeast foothills of Detroit Plateau. It projects from the southeast side of Povien Peak eastwards between Marla Glacier and Diplock Glacier. Named after the Slovene-Bulgarian linguist Anton Bezenšek (1854-1915) who developed the stenographic system for the Bulgarian language.
# Stebbins Airport

Stebbins Airport (IATA: WBB, FAA LID: WBB) is a state-owned public-use airport located in Stebbins, in the Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States.

## Facilities

Stebbins Airport covers an area of 110 acres (45 ha) at an elevation of 14 feet (4 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 5/23 with a 3,000 x 60 ft (914 x 18 m) gravel surface.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Bering Air | Nome, St. Michael, Unalakleet |
| Ryan Air | Unalakleet |
Prior to its bankruptcy and cessation of all operations, Ravn Alaska served the airport from multiple locations.
# Revenue Act of 1924

The United States Revenue Act of 1924 (43 Stat. 253) (June 2, 1924), also known as the Mellon tax bill (after U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon) cut federal tax rates for 1924 income. The bottom rate, on income under $4,000, fell from 1.5% to 1.125% (both rates are after reduction by the "earned income credit").
The Act also:
* Established the U.S. Board of Tax Appeals, which was later renamed the United States Tax Court in 1942.
* Gave the chair of the House Ways and Means Committee the power to obtain the records for any taxpayer, in response to the Teapot Dome scandal.
* Declared that there were no longer any "Indians, not taxed" to be not counted for purposes of United States congressional apportionment. A parallel act, the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 (43 Stat. 25, Ch. 233 (1924)), granted all non-citizen resident Indians citizenship.
President Calvin Coolidge signed the bill into law.
From 2019 to 2022, the law was the subject of a court battle that resulted in the Ways and Means Committee obtaining the tax returns of Donald Trump.

## Tax levels

Both a normal tax and a surtax were levied against the net income of individuals, as shown in the following table:
Revenue Act of 1924 Normal Tax and Surtax on Individuals :
| Net Income (dollars) | Normal Rate (percent) | Surtax Rate (percent) | Combined Rate (percent) |
| 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 4,000 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 8,000 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 10,000 | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 14,000 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 16,000 | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 18,000 | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 20,000 | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 22,000 | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 24,000 | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 26,000 | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 28,000 | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 30,000 | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 34,000 | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 36,000 | 6 | 12 | 18 |
| 38,000 | 6 | 13 | 19 |
| 42,000 | 6 | 14 | 20 |
| 44,000 | 6 | 15 | 21 |
| 46,000 | 6 | 16 | 22 |
| 48,000 | 6 | 17 | 23 |
| 50,000 | 6 | 18 | 24 |
| 52,000 | 6 | 19 | 25 |
| 56,000 | 6 | 20 | 26 |
| 58,000 | 6 | 21 | 27 |
| 62,000 | 6 | 22 | 28 |
| 64,000 | 6 | 23 | 29 |
| 66,000 | 6 | 24 | 30 |
| 68,000 | 6 | 25 | 31 |
| 70,000 | 6 | 26 | 32 |
| 74,000 | 6 | 27 | 33 |
| 76,000 | 6 | 28 | 34 |
| 80,000 | 6 | 29 | 35 |
| 82,000 | 6 | 30 | 36 |
| 84,000 | 6 | 31 | 37 |
| 88,000 | 6 | 32 | 38 |
| 90,000 | 6 | 33 | 39 |
| 92,000 | 6 | 34 | 40 |
| 94,000 | 6 | 35 | 41 |
| 96,000 | 6 | 36 | 42 |
| 100,000 | 6 | 37 | 43 |
| 200,000 | 6 | 38 | 44 |
| 300,000 | 6 | 39 | 45 |
| 500,000 | 6 | 40 | 46 |
* Exemption of $1,000 for single filers and $2,500 for married couples and heads of family. A $400 exemption for each dependent under 18.