# List of Hungarian Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." In 1968, a sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established.
Hungarians have won 15 Nobel Prizes since 1905. Eight were born in Budapest. Following is a complete list of the Nobel laureates of Hungary, as recognised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

## Laureates

Hungarians have received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economics – in all fields except Peace.
| Year | Laureate | Field | Contribution |
| 1905 | Philipp Lenard | Physics | for his work on cathode rays |
| 1914 | Robert Bárány | Physiology or Medicine | for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus |
| 1925 | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | Chemistry | for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry |
| 1937 | Albert Szent-Györgyi | Physiology or Medicine | for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to Vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid |
| 1943 | George de Hevesy | Chemistry | for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes |
| 1961 | Georg von Békésy | Physiology or Medicine | for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea |
| 1963 | Eugene Wigner | Physics | for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles |
| 1971 | Dennis Gabor | Physics | for his invention and development of the holographic method |
| 1986 | John Polanyi | Chemistry | for his contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes |
| 1994 | George Andrew Olah | Chemistry | for his contribution to carbocation chemistry |
| 1994 | John Harsanyi | Economics | for pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games |
| 2002 | Imre Kertész | Literature | for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history |
| 2004 | Avram Hershko (Hungarian spelling: Herskó) | Chemistry | |
| 2023 | Katalin Karikó | Physiology or Medicine | for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 |
| 2023 | Ferenc Krausz | Physics | for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter |

### Also sometimes included

* 1976, Physiology or Medicine: Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, who was born in the United States to parents from the Kingdom of Hungary; his mother was Hungarian and his father Slovak.
* 1976, Economics: Milton Friedman, who was born in the United States to Hungarian parents from Beregszász, Bereg County, Kingdom of Hungary
* 1986, Peace: Elie Wiesel, who was born to Hungarian parents in 1928 in Sighet, Transylvania (until 1920 part of Hungary)

## Unsuccessful nominees

| Year(s) | Nominee | Field | Nominated by |
| 1911, 1914, 1917 | Loránd Eötvös | Physics | Izidor Fröhlich [hu; de], Radó von Kövesligethy, Jenő Klupathy [hu], Philipp Lenard |
| 1901 | Vilmos Schulek [hu; de] | Physiology or Medicine | Lajos Thanhoffer [hu], Antal Genersich [hu] |
| 1901 | Endre Hőgyes [hu; de] | Physiology or Medicine | Frigyes Korányi, Antal Genersich [hu] |
| 1901 | Josef von Fodor | Physiology or Medicine | Endre Hőgyes [hu; de], Antal Genersich [hu] |
| 1901, 1931, 1937 | Sándor Korányi | Physiology or Medicine | Ottó Pertik [hu], Pál Hári [hu], Louis Nékám, Emil Grósz [hu], Zoltán Vámossy [hu], József Frigyesi [hu], István Tóth [hu], Géza Illyés [hu], László Kétly [hu], Tibor Verebélÿ [hu], Philipp Schwartz, Lajos Ádám [hu] |
| 1904 | István Apáthy | Physiology or Medicine | Willem Rommelaere |
| 1928, 1940 | Géza Mansfeld [hu] | Physiology or Medicine | László Rhorer [hu], István Rusznyák |
| 1943 | Ladislas J. Meduna | Physiology or Medicine | Jakob Klaesi |
| 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 | Hans Selye | Physiology or Medicine | ... |
| 1950 | Miklós Jancsó [hu] | Physiology or Medicine | József Frigyesi [hu], Béla Issekutz [hu], Sándor Mozsonyi [hu] |
| 1901, 1902 | Ferenc Kemény | Literature | Imre Pauer [hu], Gusztáv Heinrich [hu] |
| 1925, 1926, 1927 | Ferenc Herczeg | Literature | Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences |
| 1935 | Dezső Szabó | Literature | Björn Collinder |
| 1936, 1937 | Cécile Tormay | Literature | János Hankiss [hu], Károly Pap [hu], János Horváth [hu], Jenő Pintér [hu], Fredrik Böök |
| 1965, 1966 | Gyula Illyés | Literature | John Lotz [hu] |
| 1965-1970 | George Popják | Chemistry |
| 1967 | György Lukács | Literature | Erik Lindegren |
| 1969, 1970 | László Mécs [hu] | Literature | Watson Kirkconnell |
| 1970, 1971 | Sándor Weöres | Literature | Áron Kibédi Varga [hu] |
| 1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932 | Albert Apponyi | Peace | 19 Professors of Law, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged, Members of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Debrecen (József Tisza [hu]), The Hungarian Inter-Parliamentary Group (Albert Berzeviczy), The professors at the Faculty of Law at the Elisabeth University of Pécs, 3 professors at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Professors at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged |