# ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference

SC (formerly Supercomputing), the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, is the annual conference established in 1988 by the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society. In 2019, about 13,950 people participated overall; by 2022 attendance had rebounded to 11,830 both in-person and online. The not-for-profit conference is run by a committee of approximately 600 volunteers who spend roughly three years organizing each conference.

## Sponsorship and Governance

SC is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society. From its formation through 2011, ACM sponsorship was managed through ACM's Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture (SIGARCH). Sponsors are listed on each proceedings page in the ACM DL; see for example. Beginning in 2012, ACM began the process of transitioning sponsorship from SIGARCH to the recently formed Special Interest Group on High Performance Computing (SIGHPC). This transition was completed after SC15, and for SC16 ACM sponsorship was vested exclusively in SIGHPC (IEEE sponsorship remained unchanged). The conference is non-profit.
The conference is governed by a steering committee that includes representatives of the sponsoring societies, the current conference general chair, the general chairs of the preceding two years, the general chairs of the next two conference years, and a number of elected members. All steering committee members are volunteers, with the exception of the two representatives of the sponsoring societies, who are employees of those societies. The committee selects the conference general chair, approves each year's conference budget, and is responsible for setting policy and strategy for the conference.

## Conference Components

Although each conference committee introduces slight variations on the program each year, the core components of the conference remain largely unchanged from year to year.

### Technical Program

The SC Technical Program is competitive with an acceptance rate around 20% for papers (see History). Traditionally, the program includes invited talks, panels, research papers, tutorials, workshops, posters, and Birds of a Feather (BoF) sessions.

### Awards

Each year, SC hosts the following conference and sponsoring society awards:
* ACM Gordon Bell Prize
* ACM/IEEE-CS George Michael Memorial HPC Fellowship
* ACM/IEEE-CS Ken Kennedy Award
* ACM SIGHPC Computational & Data Science Fellowships
* ACM SIGHPC Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award
* ACM SIGHPC Emerging Woman Leader in Technical Computing Award
* IEEE-CS Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award
* IEEE-CS Sidney Fernbach Memorial Award
* IEEE CS TCHPC Award for Excellence for Early Career Researchers in HPC
* Test of Time Award

### Exhibits

In addition to the technical program, SC hosts a research exhibition each year that includes universities, state-sponsored computing research organizations (such as the Federal labs in the US), and vendors of HPC-related hardware and software from many countries around the world. There were 353 exhibitors at SC16 in Salt Lake City, UT.

### Student Program

SC's program for students has gone through a variety of changes and emphases over the years. Beginning with SC15 the program is called "Students@SC", and is oriented toward undergraduate and graduate students in computing related fields, and computing-oriented students in science and engineering. The program includes professional development programs, opportunities to learn from mentors, and engagement with SC's technical sessions.

### SCinet

SCinet is SC's research network. Started in 1991, SCinet features emerging technologies for very high bandwidth, low latency wide area network communications in addition to operational services necessary to provide conference attendees with connectivity to the commodity Internet and to many national research and engineering networks.

## Name changes

Since its establishment in 1988, and until 1995, the full name of the conference was the "ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference" (sometimes: "ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing"). The conference's abbreviated (and more commonly used) formal name was "Supercomputing 'XY", where XY denotes the last two digits of the year. In 1996, according to the archived front matter of the conference proceedings, the full name was changed to the ACM/IEEE "International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications". The latter document further announced that, as of 1997, the conference will undergo a name change and will be called "SC97: High Performance Networking and Computing". The document explained that
   1997 [will mark] the first use of "SC97" as the name of the annual conference you've known as "Supercomputing 'XY". This change reflects our growing attention to networking, distributed computing, data-intensive applications, and other emerging technologies that push the frontiers of communications and computing.
A 1997 HPC Wire article discussed at length the reasoning, considerations, and concerns that accompanied the decision to change the name of the conference series from "Supercomputing 'XY" to "SC 'XY", stating that
   It's official: the age of supercomputing has ended. At any rate, the word "supercomputing" has been excised from the title of the annual trade shows, sponsored by the IEEE and ACM, that have been known for almost ten years as "Supercomputing '(final two digits of year)". The next event, to be held in San Jose next November, has been redesignated "SC '97." Like Lewis Carroll's Cheshire Cat, "supercomputing" has faded steadily away until only the smile, nose, and whiskers remain. ... The loss is a real one. An enormous range of ordinary people had some idea, however vague, what "supercomputing" meant. No-caf, local alternatives like "SC" and "HPC" lack this authority. This is not a trivial issue. In these days of rapid change, passing technofancies, and information overload, a rose with the wrong name is just another thorn -- or forgotten immediately. After all, how can businessmen, ordinary consumers, and taxpayers be expected to pay money for something they can't comprehend? More important, will investors and grant-givers hand over money to support further R&D on something whose only identity is an arbitrary clump of capital letters?
Despite these concerns, the abbreviated name of the conference, "SC", is still used today, a reminiscent of the abbreviation of the conference's original name—"Supercomputing Conference".
The full name, in contrast, underwent several changes. Between 1997 and 2003, the name "High Performance Networking and Computing" was specified in the front matter of the archived conference proceedings in some years (1997, 1998, 2000, 2002), whereas in other years it was omitted altogether in favor of the abbreviated name (1999, 2001, 2003). In 2004, the stated front matter full name was changed to "High Performance Computing, Networking and Storage Conference". In 2005, this name was replaced by the original name of the conference—"supercomputing"— in the front matter. Finally, in 2006, the current full name, as used today, emerged: "The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis".
Despite all of the name variances in the proceedings through the years, the digital library of ACM, the co-sponsoring society, records the name of the conference as "The ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing" from 1998 - 2008, when it changes to ""The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis". It is these two names that are used in the full citations to the conference proceedings provided in this article.

## History

The table below provides the location, name of the general chair, and acceptance statistics for each year of SC. Note that references for data in these tables apply to data preceding the reference to the left on the same row; for example, for SC17 the single reference substantiates all the information in that row, but for SC05 the source for the convention center and chair is different than the source for the acceptance statistics.
Originally slated to be held in Atlanta, GA, SC20 was converted to a fully virtual conference due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the conference agenda spread across two weeks instead of the typical one week for an in-person conference. Over 7,440 attendees participated from 115 countries. SC21 was held as a hybrid conference with both in-person attendance in St. Louis, MO, and virtual attendance options available.
| | | | | Peer reviewed paper measures | Peer reviewed paper measures | Peer reviewed paper measures |
| Year | Location | Conference center | Chair | Accepted | Submitted | Percentage (%) |
| 1988 | Orlando, Florida | Orange County Convention Center | George Michael | | | 40% |
| 1989 | Reno, Nevada | Reno-Sparks Convention Center | Ron Bailey | | | |
| 1990 | New York, New York | New York Hilton Midtown | Joanne Martin | | | |
| 1991 | Albuquerque, New Mexico | Albuquerque Convention Center | Ray Elliott | 83 | 215 | 39% |
| 1992 | Minneapolis, Minnesota | Minneapolis Convention Center | Bill Buzbee | 75 | 220 | 34% |
| 1993 | Portland, Oregon | Oregon Convention Center | Bob Borchers | 72 | 300 | 24% |
| 1994 | Washington, D.C. | Washington D.C. Convention Center | Gary Johnson | | | |
| 1995 | San Diego, California | San Diego Convention Center | Sid Karin | 69 | 241 | 29% |
| 1996 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | David L. Lawrence Convention Center | Beverly Clayton | | | |
| 1997 | San Jose, California | San Jose Convention Center | Dona Crawford | 57 | | |
| 1998 | Orlando, Florida | Orange County Convention Center | Dennis Duke | | | |
| 1999 | Portland, Oregon | Oregon Convention Center | Cherri Pancake | | | |
| 2000 | Dallas, Texas | Dallas Convention Center | Louis Turcotte | 62 | 179 | 35% |
| 2001 | Denver, Colorado | Colorado Convention Center | Charles Slocomb | 60 | 240 | 25% |
| 2002 | Baltimore, Maryland | Baltimore Convention Center | Roscoe Giles | 67 | 230 | 29% |
| 2003 | Phoenix, Arizona | Phoenix Civic Plaza Convention Center | James R. McGraw | 60 | 207 | 29% |
| 2004 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | David L. Lawrence Convention Center | Jeffrey C. Huskamp | 60 | 200 | 30% |
| 2005 | Seattle, Washington | Washington State Convention Center | William Kramer | 62 | 260 | 24% |
| 2006 | Tampa, Florida | Tampa Convention Center | Barbara Horner-Miller | 54 | 239 | 23% |
| 2007 | Reno, Nevada | Reno-Sparks Convention Center | Becky Verastegui | 54 | 268 | 20% |
| 2008 | Austin, Texas | Austin Convention Center | Pat Teller | 59 | 277 | 21% |
| 2009 | Portland, Oregon | Oregon Convention Center | Wilf Pinfold | 59 | 261 | 23% |
| 2010 | New Orleans, Louisiana | New Orleans Morial Convention Center | Barry Hess | 51 | 253 | 20% |
| 2011 | Seattle, Washington | Washington State Convention Center | Scott Lathrop | 74 | 352 | 21% |
| 2012 | Salt Lake City, Utah | Salt Palace Convention Center | Jeff Hollingsworth | 100 | 461 | 22% |
| 2013 | Denver, Colorado | Colorado Convention Center | William Gropp | 91 | 449 | 20% |
| 2014 | New Orleans, Louisiana | New Orleans Morial Convention Center | Trish Damkroger | 83 | 394 | 21% |
| 2015 | Austin, Texas | Austin Convention Center | Jackie Kern | 79 | 358 | 22% |
| 2016 | Salt Lake City, Utah | Salt Palace Convention Center | John West | 81 | 446 | 18.3% |
| 2017 | Denver, Colorado | Colorado Convention Center | Bernd Mohr | 61 | 327 | 18.7% |
| 2018 | Dallas, Texas | Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center | Ralph McEldowney | 68 | 288 | 24% |
| 2019 | Denver, Colorado | Colorado Convention Center | Michela Taufer | 87 | 339 | 25% |
| 2020 | Planned: Atlanta, Georgia Actual: Virtual | Georgia World Congress Center | Christine E. Cuicchi | 95 | 378 | 25.1% |
| 2021 | St. Louis, Missouri | America's Center | Bronis de Supinski | 98 | 379 | 25.9% |
| 2022 | Dallas, Texas | Kay Bailey Hutchison Convention Center | Candace Culhane | 81 | 320 | 25.3% |
| 2023 | Denver, Colorado | Colorado Convention Center | Dorian C. Arnold | 90 | 376 | 23.9% |
| 2024 | Atlanta, Georgia | Georgia World Congress Center | Philip C. Roth | | | |

### Keynote speakers

The following table details the keynote speakers during the history of the conference; as of SC23, 16.7% of the keynote speakers have been female, with a mix of speakers from corporate, academic, and national government organizations.
| Conference | Keynote Speaker | Gender | Affiliation | Job Title | Presentation Title |
| SC88 | Seymour Cray | Male | Cray Research | Founder | What's this about Gallium Arsenide? |
| SC89 | John Rollwagon | Male | Cray Research | CEO | Supercomputing – A Look Into the Future |
| SC90 | Danny Hillis | Male | Thinking Machines Corporation | Founder | The Fastest Computers |
| SC91 | Allan Bromley | Male | Office of Science and Technology Policy | Chair | The President's Initiative in HPCC |
| SC92 | Larry Smarr | Male | NCSA | Director | Grand Challenges! Voyages of Discovery in the 1990s |
| SC93 | Neal Lane | Male | National Science Foundation | Director | HPCC and the NII |
| SC94 | Ed McCracken | Male | SGI | CEO | Making the NII Real |
| SC95 | William A. Wulf | Male | University of Virginia | Professor | And Now For Some "Really" Super Computing |
| SC96 | Frances Allen | Female | IBM | IBM Fellow | Scaling Up |
| SC97 | Paul Saffo | Male | Institute for the Future | Director | Is Digital Dead? |
| SC98 | Bran Ferren | Male | Walt Disney Imagineering | President of R&D | There's No Bits Like Show Bits |
| SC99 | Donna Shirley | Female | NASA | Mars Exploration Program manager | Managing Creativity in Technical Projects |
| SC00 | Steve Wallach | Male | CenterPoint Ventures | Advisor | Petaflops in the year 2009 |
| SC01 | Craig Venter | Male | Celera Genomics | Founder | Accelerating Discovery through Supercomputing |
| SC02 | Rita Colwell | Female | National Science Foundation | Director | Computing: Getting us on the Path to Wisdom |
| SC03 | Donna Cox | Female | NCSA | Professor | Beyond Computing: The Search for Creativity |
| SC04 | Tom West | Male | National LambdaRail | CEO | NLR: Providing the Nationwide Network Infrastructure for Network and "Big Science" Research |
| SC05 | Bill Gates | Male | Microsoft | CEO | The Changing Role of IT in the Sciences |
| SC06 | Ray Kurzweil | Male | | Inventor | The Coming Merger of Biological and Non-Biological Intelligence |
| SC07 | Neil Gershenfeld | Male | MIT | Professor | Programming Bits and Atoms |
| SC08 | Michael Dell | Male | Dell | Founder and CEO | Higher Performance: Supercomputing in the Connected Era |
| SC09 | Al Gore | Male | US Government | Former Vice President of the United States | Building Solutions: Energy, Climate and Computing for a Changing World |
| SC10 | Clayton M. Christensen | Male | Harvard Business School | Professor | How to Create New Growth in a Risk-Minimizing Environment |
| SC11 | Jen-Hsun Huang | Male | NVIDIA | CEO | Exascale: An Innovator's Dilemma |
| SC12 | Michio Kaku | Male | City University of New York | Professor | Physics of the Future |
| SC13 | Genevieve Bell | Female | Intel | Intel Fellow | The Secret Life of Data |
| SC14 | Brian Greene | Male | Columbia University | Professor | The Quest for Nature's Deepest Laws |
| SC15 | Alan Alda | Male | Actor | | Getting Beyond a Blind Date with Science: Communicating Science for Scientists |
| SC16 | Katharine Frase | Female | IBM (Retired) | Chief Technology Officer of Public Sector | Cognitive Computing: How can we accelerate human decision making, creativity and innovation using techniques from Watson and beyond? |
| SC17 | Philip Diamond | Male | Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project | Director General | Life, the Universe and Computing: The Story of the SKA Telescope |
| SC18 | Erik Brynjolfsson | Male | MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy | Director | How to Deploy the Unruly Power of Machine, Platform, and Crowd |
| SC19 | Steven Squyres | Male | Cornell University | Professor | Exploring the Solar System with the Power of Technology |
| SC20 | Bjorn Stevens | Male | Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology | Department Head/Professor | Climate Science in the Age of Exascale |
| SC21 | Vint Cerf | Male | Google | Vice President | Computing and the Humanities |
| SC22 | Jack Dongarra | Male | University of Tennessee | Distinguished Professor | ACM A.M. Turing Award Lecture: A Not So Simple Matter of Software |
| SC23 | Hakeem Oluseyi | Male | Self | Inspirational Speaker | A Quantum Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars |