OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prabhat Khabar

Prabhat Khabar is a Hindi-language daily newspaper published in Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal, with circulation in some other states in India, including parts of Orissa. It was founded in August 1984 in Ranchi, in Bihar. With the formation of Jharkhand state in November 2000, Ranchi became the capital of Jharkhand. The newspaper is notable for reporting social issues and revealing scams, such as the Fodder Scam, which it began reporting on in 1992. Despite receiving threats, the newspaper wrote 70 reports on the scam and had four or five reporters reporting the story.

## History

Prabhat Khabar was founded in 1984 by S. M. Vinod, an experienced publisher from Nagpur. Vinod along with Gyan Ranjan, an Indian National Congress politician established Neutral Publishing Pvt. Ltd. and started publishing Prabhat Khabar under it.
# Nestor Tan

Nestor Villanueva Tan is the President and CEO of BDO Unibank, Inc. (BDO), Philippines' largest bank in terms of total resources, loans, deposits and assets under management as of the end of 2015.

## Early life and family

Nestor V. Tan was born on February 26, 1958, in Manila, Philippines. He is the eldest son of Atty. Rufino Reyes Tan and Erlinda Angeles Villanueva. His brother, Lorenzo V. Tan, served as president of the Banker's Association of the Philippines (BAP). Another brother, Raul Tan, serves as vice president for engineering at Therma-Wave, Inc. in Fremont, California.

## Education

Tan completed his Bachelor's Degree in Commerce at De La Salle University before pursuing his Masters in Business Administration from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

## Career
### Early career

Prior to his role at BDO Unibank, Tan held several positions in international banking institutions. He worked at:
* Mellon Bank (now Bank of New York-Mellon) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* Bankers Trust Company (now Deutsche Bank) in New York City
* Barclays Group in New York and London
His last position before joining BDO was as chief operating officer for the Financial Institutions Services Group of BZW, the investment banking arm of the Barclays Group.

### BDO Unibank

At BDO Unibank, Tan holds multiple leadership positions across the organization's subsidiaries. He serves as vice chairman and/or director in:
* BDO Capital & Investment Corporation
* BDO Insurance Brokers, Inc.
* BDO Leasing and Finance, Inc.
* BDO Private Bank, Inc.
* BDO Remit (USA), Inc.
He also serves as a director in Generali Pilipinas Life Assurance Company, Inc., Generali Pilipinas Insurance Co., SM Keppel Land, Inc., and Asian School of Business & Technology. In March 2016, he was elected president of the Bankers Association of the Philippines. He maintains a directorship on the Advisory Board of Mastercard Worldwide.

### Other roles

Tan holds chairmanships in BDO Strategic Holdings, Inc. and BancNet Inc. He serves as a trustee for multiple organizations:
* BDO Foundation, Inc.
* Pinoy Me Foundation
* De La Salle University Board of Advisors
* Asian Institute of Management
* Philippine Business for Education
He previously chaired MegaLink before its Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas-mandated merger with BancNet.

## Awards and recognition

Tan has received numerous accolades for his leadership:
* In 2015, he was named Best Executive in the Philippines by Asiamoney
* He received Asia's Best CEO Award from Corporate Governance Asia
* The International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) presented him with the CEO Excel Award
* His team at BDO received the KPMG Executive Leadership Team of the Year from Asia CEO Awards
# Virkon

Virkon is a multi-purpose disinfectant. It contains potassium peroxymonosulfate (an oxidizing agent), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (a detergent), sulfamic acid (a cleaning agent), and inorganic buffers. It is typically used for cleaning up hazardous spills, disinfecting surfaces and soaking equipment. The solution is used in many areas, including hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes, funeral homes, dental and veterinary facilities, and anywhere else where control of pathogens is required.
1% Virkon has a wide spectrum of activity against viruses, some fungi, and bacteria. This includes at least 300 strains/clinical isolates from 76 bacteria, 47 strains/clinical isolates from 35 viruses, and 45 strains/clinical isolates from 17 fungi.
It has been proven effective against SARS-COV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is less effective against spores and fungi than some alternative disinfectants.
# Parein

Parein (Burmese: ပရိန်မြို့, Burmese pronunciation:) is the former capital of the Parein Dynasty of Arakan from 1103/1106 to 1167 during the Le-Mro period. The site of the former capital is located a few miles southeast of Mrauk U and north of Launggyet within Mrauk-U Township.

## Geography

The old city of Parein faces the Lemro River in the east. It has at its back a ridge that run parallel to the Mong-swe ridge between the Kaladan and Lemro Rivers. In the south, Paungdok creek separates Parein from the Launggret. To its north is the Alayzee creek.

## History

In the eleventh century, the Waithali Kingdom declined, giving way to the Lemro period of Arakanese history. The history of this period is dependent on chronicles which state that the shift in power from the Kaladan valley, where Waithali lies, to the Lemro valley began when the capital was moved to Sambawak and then Pyinsa. Pyinsa developed for a few decades before the capital was, again, moved to Parein. Based on the chronicles, Parein was founded during the reign of the king Letya Min Nan who recovered the usurped throne of his grandfather with the help of Alaungsithu, the king of Bagan.
Later, the capital shifted rapidly to Hkrit and Nareinzara Toungoo before settling on Launggyet for over a century. The Lemro valley capitals were all smaller than previous cities like Waithali. Most, including Parein, lay on the western lowland shores of the Lemro river with their walls disappearing over the course of time.

## In religion

In Arakanese legend and chronicle, the nat Mra Swan is the lady guardian spirit of Parein. The poem about Mra Swan goes:
   In the Pontu area, if outside the plain of Parein, Mra Swan does not greet.
In 1992, a new large shrine was constructed by Myanmar Army soldiers. The shrine is built in the middle of fields with the statue of Mra Swan facing west towards the location of the old palace. The revival of worship sites for minor nats within Mrauk-U Township, like the shrine in Parein, may be a way in which Burmese military officers attempt to gain symbolic recognition by drawing on the historical involvement of the Bagan Kingdom in the Lemro Valley's history.
# Dyagilevo air base

Dyagilevo (also given as Dyagilevo, Ryazan Dyagilevo) is a military air base in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, 3 km west of Ryazan. It serves as a training center for Russia's strategic bomber force.
As of 2022, the base was home to the 203rd Guards Orlovsky Independent Aircraft-refuelling Aviation Regiment with the Ilyushin Il-78/78M and the 49th Instructor Red Banner Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment as part of the 43rd Guards Oryol Center for Combat Employment and Retraining of Long-Range Aviation Flight Personnel.
The Ryazan Museum of Long-Range Aviation is located on the base.

## History

In 1955 it was one of only six Soviet bases capable of handling the Myasishchev M-4 bomber. In 1967 it had seven Tupolev Tu-22s used for training.
In 1973 it received 2 Tupolev Tu-22M (NATO: Backfire) aircraft. It was also home to 43 TsBPiPLS (43rd Center for Combat Application and Training of Air Crew) which included the Tu-22M, Tupolev Tu-95MS (NATO: Bear), and Tupolev Tu-134UBL (NATO: Crusty) trainer. In 1985 the 49 TBAP (49th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment) arrived at Dyagilevo, flying Tu-22M and Tu-95 aircraft and eventually converting into an ITBAP (training regiment). The 49th Regiment was part of the 43rd Centre, and eventually disbanded in 1997.
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Russian Air Force took command of the base. By 1994 it received 24 Tu-95K (Bear-G) bombers for decommissioning under the START II treaty. A number of Tu-16, Tu-22, and M-4 aircraft are mothballed here.
As of 2009, the ww2.dk website reported that three units were active at the airbase.
* 1st Instructor Heavy Bomber Aviation Squadron (Tu-22M3 and Tu-134)
* 2nd Instructor Heavy Bomber Aviation Squadron (Tu-95MS and An-26)
* 43rd Guards Orlovskiy Center for Combat Employment and Retraining of Personnel
Air Power Review reported in 2004 that the 203rd Independent Orel Air Regiment of Guards (Air Tankers) operating Il-78 and Il-78M was stationed at the base. Formed 6 July 1941 at Monino near Moscow as the 412th Aviation Regiment, with TB-7 (Pe-8) heavy bombers. Renamed 432nd AP several weeks later. Renamed 25th AP DD of Guards 19 September 1943. 1230th AP (SZ) renamed 203rd OAP (SZ) 1 December 1994.
On 5 December 2022, the base was attacked by Ukrainian drones which damaged a Tu-22M3 bomber and destroyed a fuel truck; three personnel were killed and five injured. The Engels Air Force Base was also raided on the same night. On 14 December, a Shahed-136 drone that exploded in a Kyiv apartment building had “For Ryazan“ written on it in Russian.
By December 2022, the 360 Aircraft Repair Factory [ru] (360 ARZ) located at the base was placed under sanctions of the European Union and USA due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# Hà Bắc province

Hà Bắc was a former province of Vietnam from 1962 to 1996, then from 1996 divided into Bắc Giang province and Bắc Ninh province.

## Geography

Hà Bắc province is the central region and occupies most of the area of old Kinh Bac region, having geographical position:
North: border with Bac Thai province and Cao Lang province
South: border with Hai Hung province
East: border with Quang Ninh province West: border with Hanoi city.

## History

Ha Bac province was established on October 27, 1962, after the merger of Bac Ninh and Bac Giang, on November 6, 1996, separated as before. When merging, Ha Bac province initially consisted of 2 towns: Bac Giang town (provincial capital), Bac Ninh town and 16 districts: Gia Luong, Hiep Hoa, Lang Giang, Luc Nam, Luc Ngan, Que Duong, Son. Cave, Tan Yen, Thuan Thanh, Tien Du, Tu Son, Viet Yen, Vo Giang, Yen Dung, Yen Phong, Yen The.
In 1962, the two districts of Que Duong and Vo Giang were merged into Que Vo district.
On April 14, 1963, the two districts Tien Du and Tu Son merged into Tien Son district.
Area 4,614.95 km2. Population 2,260,893 people (1993).
Ha Bac is a province with a very important geostrategic position on the National Highway 18A and 1A. Ha Bac and Ha Son Binh provinces are known as the gateway to the capital in the two wars against France and the US. Kep airport in Lang Giang district plays an important role on the northern border defense line.
Ha Bac is the central area and occupies most of the area of ancient Kinh Bac region, is the cradle of smooth and loving folk songs.
In early 1996, Ha Bac province had an area of 4,614.6 km2, population of 2,363,254 people, including 2 towns: Bac Giang town (provincial capital), Bac Ninh town and 14 districts: Gia Luong, Hiep Hoa, Lang Giang, Luc Nam, Luc Ngan, Que Vo, Son Dong, Tan Yen, Thuan Thanh, Tien Son, Viet Yen, Yen Dung, Yen Phong, Yen The.
On November 6, 1996, the 10th session of the IXth National Assembly issued a resolution to divide Ha Bac province to re-establish Bac Giang and Bac Ninh: [1]
Bac Giang province includes Bac Giang town and 9 districts: Hiep Hoa, Lang Giang, Luc Nam, Luc Ngan, Son Dong, Tan Yen, Yen Dung, Yen The.
Bac Ninh province includes Bac Ninh town and 5 districts: Gia Luong, Que Vo, Thuan Thanh, Tien Son, Yen Phong.

## Notable people

•Vũ Miên (Headmaster of Imperial Academy, late Lê dynasty) •Vũ Tú (sculptor) •Nguyễn Đăng Đạo (Zhuangyuan) •Đàm Thanh Sơn (physicist)
# Ireviken event

The Ireviken event was the first of three relatively minor extinction events (the Ireviken, Mulde, and Lau events) during the Silurian period. It occurred at the Llandovery/Wenlock boundary (mid Silurian, 432.9 ± 1.2 million years ago). The event is best recorded at Ireviken, Gotland, where over 50% of trilobite species became extinct; 80% of the global conodont species also became extinct in this interval.

## Anatomy of the event

The event lasted around 200,000 years, spanning the base of the Wenlock epoch. It is associated with a period of global cooling.
It comprises eight extinction "datum points"—the first four being regularly spaced, every 30,797 years, and linked to the Milankovic obliquity cycle. The fifth and sixth probably reflect maxima in the precessional cycles, with periods of around 16.5 and 19 ka. The final two data are much further spaced, so harder to link with Milankovic changes.

## Casualties

The mechanism responsible for the event originated in the deep oceans, and made its way into the shallower shelf seas. Correspondingly, shallow-water reefs were barely affected, while pelagic and hemipelagic organisms such as the graptolites, conodonts and trilobites were hit hardest.

## Geochemistry

Subsequent to the first extinctions, excursions in the δ$^{13}$C and δ$^{18}$O records are observed; δ$^{13}$C rises from +1.4‰ to +4.5‰, while δ$^{18}$O increases from −5.6‰ to −5.0‰.
# Fifth Street Towers

The Fifth Street Towers is a complex of two buildings in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Fifth Street Towers I was completed in 1987 and is 356 feet (109 m) tall and has 26 floors. Fifth Street Towers II was completed in 1988 and is 504 feet (154 m) tall and has 36 floors.
At one time MAIR Holdings had its headquarters in Suite 1360 of Fifth Street Towers II.
It was purchased in 2007 by a UK-based company, StratREAL for $294 million on behalf of an unnamed client but sold in April 2012 for $110 million following a mortgage default by the borrower. The borrower was Interventure Capital Group, acting on behalf of Prince Abdul Aziz bin Fahd, youngest son of the late King Fahd of Saudi Arabia
# Smolno, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Smolno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zławieś Wielka, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 16 km (10 mi) west of Toruń and 27 km (17 mi) east of Bydgoszcz.
# Solly Sherman

Saul S. Sherman (September 25, 1917 – October 10, 2010) was a professional American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). Born in Chicago, Illinois, he played two seasons for the Chicago Bears.

## Career

Sherman played collegiately for the University of Chicago, initially as a halfback, before converting to quarterback his senior year. It was during his time at UChicago that he had learned the T-formation, at the time a novel offensive scheme, from Maroons head coach Clark Shaughnessy. He was drafted in the 18th round of the 1939 NFL Draft. Sherman only played two seasons in the pros before he retired to go fight in World War II, but not before he helped teach the T-formation to his Bears teammate, future Pro Football Hall of Famer Sid Luckman, who would go on to use the T to revolutionize the NFL's passing game and quarterback the Bears to four NFL championships. This remains arguably Sherman's most lasting legacy in pro football.
# Gardone Val Trompia

Gardone Val Trompia (Brescian: Gardù de Altrompia) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, northern Italy. It is bounded by the comunes of Marcheno and Sarezzo. It is located in the Trompia valley. Gardone received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 21 September 2001.

## Commerce

It is home to the major small arms manufacturers FAMARS and Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta. Among several regional makers of replica black powder firearms (such as A. Uberti, Srl., and Chiappa Firearms), the Davide Pedersoli company leads in production of over 75 types of historical black powder muzzle loading and breech loading firearms and is also known as the dominant brand in black powder shooting competitions worldwide.

## Twin towns

Gardone Val Trompia is twinned with:
* Nanoro Department, Burkina Faso

## People

* Bartolomeo Beretta (c. 1490 – c. 1565), founder of Beretta
# Americium(III) hydroxide

Americium(III) hydroxide is a radioactive inorganic compound with the chemical formula Am(OH)$_3$. It consists of one americium atom and three hydroxy groups. It was first discovered in 1944, closely related to the Manhattan Project. However, these results were confidential and were only released to the public in 1945. It was the first isolated sample of an americium compound, and the first americium compound discovered.

## Properties

Americium hydroxide is a pink solid which is sparingly soluble in water.
Due to self-irradiation, the crystal structure of $^{241}$Am(OH)$_3$ decomposes within 4 to 6 months ($^{241}$Am has a half-life of 432.2 years); for $^{244}$Cm(OH)$_3$ the same process takes one day ($^{244}$Cm has a half-life of 18.11 years).

## Synthesis

Americium metal can be converted to Am(OH)$_3$ in a four-step process. As described by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, americium is added to hydrochloric acid, then neutralized using ammonium hydroxide (NH$_4$OH). A saturated oxalic acid solution is added to the now neutralized solution. This causes large americium oxalate crystals to begin to grow. Once complete precipitation is achieved, oxalic acid is once again added, to attain a slurry of americium oxalate and oxalic acid. The americium oxalate is then filtered out, washed with water, and is partially dried by allowing exposure to air.
    Am + (COOH)$_2$ → Am(COO)$_2$
The americium oxalate is then added to a platinum combustion boat to undergo calcination. The americium oxalate is dried in a furnace and will begin to decompose at 350 °C. When decomposition begins to occur, the oxalate will turn into the desired black americium dioxide. To ensure no oxalate remains in the americium dioxide, the oven temperature is increased to and held at 800 °C and then slowly allowed to cool to room temperature.
    Am(COO)$_2$ → AmO$_2$
The americium dioxide is heated again, to about 600 °C, in the presence of hydrogen, to produce americium(III) oxide.
    2AmO$_2$ + H$_2$O → Am$_2$O$_3$ + O$_2$ + H$_2$
The final step involves the hydrolysis of the americium(III) oxide, to produce the final product, americium(III) hydroxide.
    Am$_2$O$_3$ + 3H$_2$O → 2Am(OH)$_3$

## Reactions

When ozone is bubbled through a slurry of americium(III) hydroxide in 0.03 M potassium bicarbonate at 92 °C, hexagonal KAmO$_2$CO$_3$ (potassium dioxoamericium(V) carbonate) can be obtained. Potassium carbonate can also be used. The resulting KAmO$_2$CO$_3$ reacts with dilute acids to produce americium dioxide.
    O$_3$ + Am(OH)$_3$ + KHCO$_3$ + H$_2$O → KAmO$_2$CO$_3$ + 3H$_2$O + O$_2$
In a dilute base such as sodium hypochlorite, Am(OH)$_3$ gets oxidised to Am(OH)$_4$, which is black in solution. Further oxidation using ozone and sodium hydroxide can produce yellow hydroxy species of Am(VI).
# Pat Ugwu

Patience Patrick Ugwu (13 December 1989 – 5 February 2025), known professionally as Pat Ugwu, was a Nigerian actress, model, and fitness coach, recognized for her work in Nollywood films and her dynamic presence on social media platforms.

## Early life and education

Pat Ugwu was a native of Umuogbu Itchi, located in Igbo-Eze South Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. In 2014, she earned her degree from the University of Abuja.

## Career

Ugwu entered the Nigerian film industry, Nollywood, in 2016. She featured in several films, including Lack of Money, Port-Harcourt Lady, and Twist of Fate. Beyond acting, she was the founder of PatPat Fitness, where she worked as an online fitness coach. She also owned a beauty business and served as a Permanent Makeup Trainer.

## Personal life

Pat Ugwu was known for her active engagement on social media, where she frequently shared aspects of her personal and professional life. In April 2021, she announced her engagement, sharing a photo of her ring and clarifying that it was not an April Fool's joke.

## Death

Pat Ugwu died on 5 February 2025. The cause of her death has not been publicly disclosed.

## Filmography

* Lack of Money (2018)
* Port Harcourt Lady (2019)
* Twist of Fate (2020)
# François Borde

François Borde (8 December 1899 – 15 December 1987) was a French rugby union player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was born in Lourdes and died in Bayonne. In 1920 he won the silver medal as member of the French team.
# Sokoligóra

Sokoligóra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Golub-Dobrzyń, within Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Magic Journeys

Magic Journeys was a 3D film created by WED Enterprises for presentation at Disney theme parks. It was featured at four different parks over the course of its 11-year run.

## History

On October 1, 1982, Magic Journeys premiered as one of the opening-day attractions at the Journey Into Imagination pavilion in Walt Disney World's EPCOT Center. It was written and directed by Murray Lerner and featured a song composed by Robert and Richard Sherman. A preshow presentation, anchored by another Sherman Brothers song, "Makin' Memories", played before the film during its EPCOT Center run.
Starting on June 16, 1984, it began a two-year run at Disneyland, first on the outdoor Space Stage and then inside the newly constructed Magic Eye Theater in Tomorrowland. In early 1986, the film was removed from Disneyland and EPCOT Center in order to make way for a new 3-D film, Captain EO.
In December 1987, Magic Journeys returned to Walt Disney World at the Fantasyland Theater inside the Magic Kingdom, where it was paired with the 1953 3-D short Working for Peanuts. The film played in this venue for six years until it closed in December 1993 in order to make room for Legend of the Lion King.

## Plot

Magic Journeys looked at the world through the eyes of a child. The film started with children running through a meadow and looking at clouds. Someone blew on a dandelion and the seeds then flew away, turning into stars and then turned into the sun. Next the kids were seen flying a kite at the beach. The kite then turned into a bird, a fish, a school of fish, a flock of birds, bird wings, a Pegasus, a horse and then finally into a merry-go-round. While the children rode the carousel, they began reaching for a brass ring spinning next to the carousel; the carousel spins around the moon and bats fly out past the riders. The moon becomes a witch, a mask, an Olmec head, and more until turning into a cat. A boy reaches out to the cat and it turns into the Sphinx, which turns into a lion jumping through a hoop in the circus. Trapeze artists and acrobats fly through the air and several clowns amuse the children. The circus then gives way to reveal it as only a miniature with small flying machines coming up through the roof of the room into the stars. The kids move through a room of balloons and encounter a magician. At the end of this act, the room gives way as the kids descend through a starscape and return to the meadow with the dandelion unblowing itself.

## Cast

* Phil Baron as Magician
* Michelle Baron as Female Funambulist

## Soundtrack

The film's preshow song, "Makin' Memories" and the film's theme song, "Magic Journeys", can be found on the 1991 CD The Official Album of Disneyland and Walt Disney World. Both songs also appear on the album The Sherman Brothers Songbook.