OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Etuh

Thomas Akoh Etuh is a Nigerian businessman and entrepreneur from Kogi state, Nigeria. He is known for his investments in various sectors including agriculture, fertilizer production, banking, telecommunications, and aviation. He is the founder of TAK Continental Limited and has held leadership positions in several major Nigerian companies.

## Early life

Etuh was born in Zaria, Kaduna state. After his primary and secondary education, he obtained a Diploma in Banking from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, an Advanced Diploma in Public Administration from the University of Jos and a Postgraduate Diploma in Management from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. He also holds an MBA from the Business School of Netherlands. He is an alumnus of the Lagos Business School, the IESE Business School and the London Business School.

## Career

Business ventures
Etuh began his business career in commodity trading in northern Nigeria in the early 1980s, dealing in agricultural produce like grains, chilli peppers, palm oil and yams. His business interests have also included salt, cement importation and automobile spare parts importation.
Fertilizer industry
In the late 1980s, Etuh entered the fertilizer business, eventually becoming a major importer and distributor in Nigeria. His company TAK Continental Limited grew to be one of the largest fertilizer companies in Africa by the mid-2000s. In 2007, he acquired the Funtua Fertilizer and Chemical Company. Etuh played a key role in Nigeria's Presidential Fertilizer Initiative under President Muhammadu Buhari's administration and became the inaugural president of the Fertilizers Producers & Suppliers Association of Nigeria (FEPSAN). He became the Chairman of Notore Chemical Industries Pls in 2024.
Banking sector
In 2014, Etuh became invo lved with Unity Bank, initially as vice chairman and later as chairman in 2015. He led efforts to address the bank's financial challenges, including dealing with significant non-performing loans inherited from legacy banks.
Telecommunications
In 2021, Etuh was involved in Mafab Communications' successful bid for a 5G spectrum license in Nigeria. He later acquired a majority stake in 9mobile, becoming its largest shareholder and its chairman.
Other ventures
Etuh's business interests have also included cement importation, automobile spare parts importation, and briefly owning an airline called Associated Aviation in the late 2000s.

## Challenges and controversies

Throughout his career, Etuh has faced various business challenges and setbacks, including losses in commodity exports due to inexperience, difficulties in the cement importation business due to regulatory changes, and controversies surrounding Unity Bank's financial situation and debt resolution processes as well as Mafab's dormant license.

## Personal life

He was married to Jennifer Ramatu Etuh who died in 2020 and has four children, Emmanuel, Yusuf, David, and Daniel.
# Proszyska

Proszyska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeziora Wielkie, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Aphantophryne parkeri

Aphantophryne parkeri is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the north coast of New Guinea and only known from Matapan (or Matapau) and the Bewani Mountains in the West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, and from Sentani in the Papua Province, Western New Guinea (Indonesia). This species was formerly included in the genus Oreophryne, but was in 2017 moved to Aphantophryne based on molecular data. The specific name parkeri honours Hampton Wildman Parker, an English zoologist and herpetologist. Common name Parker's cross frog has been coined for it.

## Description

Adult males measure about 23–24 mm (0.91–0.94 in) and adult females 26–29 mm (1.02–1.14 in) in snout–vent length (each of these ranges is based on just two specimens). The head is relatively narrow. The snout bluntly rounded, approaching truncate, in dorsal view, and vertical in profile. The canthus rostralis is rounded. The tympanum is moderately distinct to indistinct. The fingers and the toes have well-developed terminal disks. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes have moderate webbing. The dorsum is light brown and has irregular darker small spots interrupted by a sharply defined, dark W-like mark in the scapular area. There are abundant tiny white spots over all dorsal and lateral surfaces and limbs. The iris is dark brown.
The male advertisement call is a train of 21–34 notes, with a dominant frequency of 2600–2900 Hz. The notes are uttered at a rate of 5 s$^{−1}$, and the call lasts about 5 seconds.

## Habitat and conservation

Aphantophryne parkeri occurs in very disturbed forests and sago swamps in highly disturbed habitats at 90–300 m (300–980 ft) above sea level. The type series was reported as having been collected "from running water in sago-palm forest", but this is likely erroneous because no related species is aquatic; an earlier account on the same specimens stated them having been collected "near running water". In Sentani, males were calling from about 3–6 m above ground in banana plants and sago palms in an area of garden regrowth.
There are no known threats to this species, and it appears to adapt to disturbance. It is common in the Papuan locality. It presumably occurs in Cyclops Nature Reserve.
# Pruskie

Pruskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osie, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Osie, 26 km (16 mi) north-west of Świecie, and 56 km (35 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.
# Surfactant therapy

Surfactant therapy is the medical administration of pulmonary surfactant that is derived from outside of the body. Pulmonary surfactant is a soap-like chemical synthesized by type II alveolar pneumocytes and is of various lipids (80% phospholipids, 5-10% cholesterol, and ~10% surfactant-associated proteins). This biological fluid reduces surface tension and lines the aqueous layer covering the alveolar surface of the lung. For more details, see Pulmonary surfactant.
Surfactant therapy, or surfactant replacement therapy, is used in situations where there is not sufficient fluid covering the lung. The most common use is in premature neonates or babies born with respiratory distress syndrome. Conditions adult respiratory distress syndrome or Hyaline Membrane Disease are also sometimes treated with exogenously derived surfactant. One of the more common uses of surfactant therapy is to treat alveolar surfactant deficiency in premature newborns. Most commonly, treatment is composed of multiple doses of 100 mg/kg of exogenous surfactant.

## Types of Surfactants

Poractant alfa, Calfactant, and Beractant are types of natural surfactants commercially available in the United States. Although data is sometimes conflicting, it appears that there are no significant differences among the available preparations.

## LISA surfactant delivery in infants

The LISA (Less Invasive Surfactant Administration) method is much more effective in situations where the preterm infant is already breathing, and it has become a standard procedure in German hospitals. Intubation via mechanical ventilation is less effective than the LISA method within the first 72 hours of birth.

## Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Exogenous surfactant replacement therapy is effective in reducing IRDS mortality and morbidity in preterm infants.

## Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant therapy is not used to treat adults with adult respiratory distress syndrome because the evidence regarding its effect on patient-important outcomes is inconsistent.
# Przesławice, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Przesławice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łasin, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Łasin, 21 km (13 mi) east of Grudziądz, and 58 km (36 mi) north-east of Toruń.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), Przesławice was one of the sites of executions of Poles carried out by Germany in 1939 as part of the Intelligenzaktion. In 1939–1940, the Germans also carried out expulsions of dozens of Poles from the village. The Poles were deported either to the General Government (German-occupied central Poland) or to forced labour in Germany, while their farms of Poles were handed over to Germans as part of the Lebensraum policy. One child died during the expulsion.
# Przewóz, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Przewóz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 63 km (39 mi) south of Toruń.
# Przysiek, Gmina Dobre

Przysiek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobre, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Radziejów and 39 km (24 mi) south of Toruń.
# Przysiersk

Przysiersk (German: Heinrichsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bukowiec, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Bukowiec, 9 km (6 mi) west of Świecie, 41 km (25 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz, and 49 km (30 mi) north-west of Toruń.

## History

Przysiersk was a royal village of the Kingdom of Poland, administratively located in the Świecie County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was occupied by Germany until 1945. The local school principal was among Poles from the region, who were massacred by the Selbstschutz in Mniszek in 1939 during the genocidal Intelligenzaktion campaign. In February 1941, the occupiers carried out expulsions of Poles, who were deported to a transit camp in Tczew, while their houses were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.
# Sicyopterus lengguru

Sicyopterus lengguru is a species of goby in the family Oxudercidae, or alternatively, Gobiidae. It is only known from Bichain River, near Triton Bay in Western New Guinea.

## Description

Sicyopterus lengguru can reach a standard length of 9.0 centimetres (3.5 in).
# Black-throated honeyeater

The black-throated honeyeater (Caligavis subfrenata) is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is found in New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
The black-throated honeyeater was originally described in 1876 as Lichenostomus subfrenatus, but was moved to Caligavis after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that Lichenostomus was polyphyletic.
# Radical 128

Radical 128 or radical ear (耳部) meaning "ear" in English is one of the 29 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 6 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 172 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
耳 is also the 124th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

## Evolution

* Oracle bone script character
* Bronze script character
* Large seal script character
* Small seal script character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 耳 |
| +1 | 耴 |
| +2 | 耵 |
| +3 | 耶 耷 |
| +4 | 耸$^{SC}$ (=聳) 耹 耺 耻$^{SC}$ (=恥) 耼 (=聃) 耽 耾 耿 聀 (=職) 聁 聂$^{SC}$ (=聶) |
| +5 | 聃 聄 聅 聆 聇 聈 聉 聊 聋$^{SC}$ (=聾) 职$^{SC}$ (=職) 聍$^{SC}$ (=聹) |
| +6 | 聎 聏 聐 聑 聒 聓 (=婿 -> 女) 联$^{SC}$ (=聯) 聠 |
| +7 | 聕 聖 聗 聘 |
| +8 | 聙 聚 聛 聜 聝 聞 聟 聡$^{JP}$ (=聰) 聢 聣 |
| +9 | 聤 聥 聦 (=聰) 聧 聨 聩$^{SC}$ (=聵) 聪$^{SC}$ (=聰) 聫 (=聯) |
| +10 | 聬 聭 |
| +11 | 聯 聰 聱 聲 聳 |
| +12 | 聮 (=聯) 聴$^{JP}$ (=聽) 聵 聶 職 |
| +13 | 聸 |
| +14 | 聹 聺 聻 聼 (=聽) |
| +16 | 聽 聾 |

## Sinogram

Independently it is a Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan. It is a first grade kanji.
# Abdul Karim al-Shaikhly

Abdul Karim al-Shaikhly (Arabic: عبدالكريم الشيخلي; 28 April 1937 – 1980), was an Iraqi politician, diplomat and minister. Al-Shaikhly served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 31 July 1968 to 29 September 1971 and Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1972 to 1974. The Iraqi security forces arrested him and he stayed there about two years before the Iraqi security forces released him in 1980. Saddam Hussein had escaped prison with him in 1964. The Iraqi Intelligence Service assassinated al-Shaikhly on April 8, 1980 in Baghdad. Coming from an aristocratic family, he was a cousin and classmate of Saddam Hussein and it is believed Saddam used his birthday as his own.
# Przywitowo

Przywitowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skrwilno, within Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Skrwilno, 9 km (6 mi) east of Rypin, and 64 km (40 mi) east of Toruń.
# Przyłęki, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Przyłęki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białe Błota, within Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Białe Błota and 10 km (6 mi) south of Bydgoszcz.

## Notable residents

* Arthur Godenau (1903–1983), Kriegsmarine officer
# Didymus the Musician

Didymus the Musician (Greek: Δίδυμος) was a music theorist in Rome of the end of the 1st century BC or beginning of the 1st century AD, who combined elements of earlier theoretical approaches with an appreciation of the aspect of performance. Formerly assumed to be identical with the Alexandrian grammarian and lexicographer Didymus Chalcenterus, because Ptolemy and Porphyry referred to him as Didymus ho mousikos (the musician), classical scholars now believe that this Didymus was a younger grammarian and musician working in Rome at the time of Emperor Nero. He was a predecessor of Ptolemy at the library of Alexandria. According to Andrew Barker, his intention was to revive and produce contemporary performances of the music of Greek antiquity. The syntonic comma of ⁠ 81 / 80 ⁠ ≅ 21.506 cents is sometimes called the comma of Didymus after him.
Among his works was On the Difference between the Aristoxenians and the Pythagoreans (Περὶ τῆς διαφορᾶς τῶν Ἀριστοξενείων τε καὶ Πυθαγορείων).

## Theory

We know of his theory only indirectly from the works of Porphyry and Ptolemy. There, one finds examples of his tetrachords as measured string lengths from which the following frequency ratios are calculated:
    tetrachord type interval 1st–2nd interval 2nd–3rd interval 3rd–4th diatonic ⁠ 16 / 15 ⁠ ⁠ 10 / 9 ⁠ ⁠ 9 / 8 ⁠ chromatic ⁠ 16 / 15 ⁠ ⁠ 25 / 24 ⁠ ⁠ 6 / 5 ⁠ enharmonic ⁠ 32 / 31 ⁠ ⁠ 31 / 30 ⁠ ⁠ 5 / 4 ⁠
Like Archytas, he used a major third, but appears to have been the first to use it in the diatonic as the product of the major (9:8) and minor (10:9) whole tones, as the proportions produced by ⁠ 10 / 9 ⁠ × ⁠ 9 / 8 ⁠ = ⁠ 5 / 4 ⁠ . The ratio of these whole tones ⁠ 9 / 8 ⁠ ⧸ ⁠ 10 / 9 ⁠ = ⁠ 9 / 8 ⁠ × ⁠ 9 / 10 ⁠ = ⁠ 81 / 80 ⁠ ; is the so-called syntonic comma, also referred to as Didymos' comma.
# George Bryanchaninov

George Bryanchaninov M.I.C. (8 June 1919 – 5 April 2018), also spelled was a Russian priest in the Russian Greek Catholic Church, an Archimandrite and a member of the Russian apostolate in the Diaspora.

## Biography

George Bryanchaninov (Brianchaninov) was born on 18 June 1919 in Blagoveshchensk, Russian State. In his Orthodox baptism he was named Gleb. Together with his parents he emigrated to China, where in 1937 he graduated with honors at High School of Saint Nicholas in Harbin. Soon after, he joined the Catholic Church and on 4 December 1938 entered the Marian Order, taking the monastic name George. From May 1939 he received religious education in Rome, hosted a program on Vatican Radio. In 1944 he was ordained a priest of the Russian Catholic Church by Bishop Alexander Evreinov. He obtained a doctoral degree (1947, thesis "Studies of Saint John Chrysostom Church of obedience to authority"). On behalf of General Order Marian Bishop Peter Buchis he was engaged by Russian children in refugee camps in Western Europe. Until 1950 he worked in the Russian Committee for Refugees in the Vatican, then in 1956 he went to London.
In 1957 he moved to Australia to help Andrei Katkov, his classmate at the Lyceum, and brother in the Order. With him, he co-founded the Missionary Centre for Eastern-rite Catholics in Melbourne, nourished Catholics after moving to Australia from China, as Russian immigrants, including once in 1958, when Fr. Andrew (rink) was recalled to Rome. Father Bryanchaninov received Australian citizenship. In the beginning of 1990 he travelled several times to Russia. With the support of the Archbishop of Melbourne he purchased a large house in Stevenson St, Kew where he eloquently decorated the front room with ikons and eastern rite traditional design. This house served as the Centre for Eastern Rite Russian Catholics until the end of 2007, when his mobility declined and he moved to the Saint Joseph Nursing Home for Priests in Northcote (suburb of Melbourne). Archimandrite George (Bryanchaninov) was nephew of the bishop and theologian Ignatius Bryanchaninov. He died in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 5 April 2018 at the age of 98 and was buried at Fawkner Memorial Park together with his mother who was interred in 1971.
# Nataxa flavescens

Nataxa flavescens, the yellow-headed anthelid, is a species of moth in the family Anthelidae.It was first described by Francis Walker in 1855 and is found in Australasia.
The wingspan of the grey-winged female is approximately 40 mm, while that of the male is approximately 30 mm.
# Półwiesk Duży

Półwiesk Duży is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąpielsk, within Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Wąpielsk, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Rypin, and 43 km (27 mi) east of Toruń.
# Płonczyn

Płonczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielgie, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Lipno and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of Toruń.
# Yuka Hirano

Yuka Hirano (平野 由佳, Hirano Yuka, born 26 January 1987) is a Japanese retired ice hockey player. She played with the Japanese women's national ice hockey team during 2000 to 2016 and holds the record for most games played with the national team. She represented Japan in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and in ten IIHF Women's World Championships – five at the Top Division level, three at the Division I level, and two at the Division I A level.
# Nitter

Nitter is a free and open source alternative viewer for Twitter, focusing on privacy and performance.

## Features

The user interface was designed to be minimalist and resemble the classic Twitter desktop layout. Since the user could not log in to Twitter through Nitter, Nitter had no notifications, no home feed, and no ability to tweet. By default, Nitter had no infinite scroll. It had no ads or tracking, and the timeline was in chronological order. Nitter relied on a glitch that allowed creating a large amount of "guest accounts" using proxy servers in order to fetch content.
In addition to the official web instance, there are unofficial public web instances, as well as community-contributed mobile apps and browser extensions.
Nitter was funded by donations as well as a grant from NLnet's NGI fund.

## Discontinuation

Nitter was officially discontinued in February 2024. The developer had announced the project was "dead" after Twitter removed the guest account feature, on which Nitter relied, in January 2024. Some instances had previously stopped working some months before due to changes to the Twitter API. The developer stated instances could be self-hosted by having users use their own account, at the risk of the account being banned.

## Revival

On 6 February 2025, Zedeus announced that the project was back on GitHub Discussions.
# Kozłowo, Grudziądz County

Kozłowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łasin, within Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Łasin, 29 km (18 mi) east of Grudziądz, and 70 km (43 mi) north-east of Toruń.
# Rhodopetoma erosa

Rhodopetoma erosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.
Rhodopetoma erosa auct. non Schrenk, 1867 is a synonym of Propebela nobilis (Möller, 1842)

## Description

This marine species reaches 18 mm in length, its diameter 6.6 mm.
The shell is longitudinally ribbed and spirally striated. There is a narrow band at the suture brown, with sometimes a darker band at the suture and another at the base.
(Original description in Latin) The shell exhibits a fusiform shape with a prominent, acute apex. The coloration is generally pale corneous-brown, often transitioning to reddish-brown towards the base. Internally, the shell displays a violaceous-whitish hue, with subtle reddish-brown zones near the suture and at the base. The whorls are slightly convex, adorned with longitudinal striations and transverse, plicate costae. The earlier whorls often exhibit signs of erosion. The body whorl is encircled by a series of slightly elevated lines at the base. The suture is characterized by a row of plicate costae. The aperture is oblong with a simple, thin, and acute outer lip. The outer lip exhibits an inciso-sinuate profile below the suture line. The columella is smooth, and the siphonal canal is notably short.

## Distribution

This species occurs off Japan and Korea.