OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blue cairn circle

Blue cairn circle, also known as the Blue Cairn of Ladieswell is a 21 metres (69 ft) diameter recumbent stone circle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.In the center is a large stone cairn with several pits in it.

## Recumbent stone circles

A recumbent stone circle is a type of stone circle constructed in the early Bronze Age. The identifying feature is that the largest stone (the recumbent) is always laid horizontally, with its long axis generally aligned with the perimeter of the ring between the south and southwest. A flanker stone stands each side of the recumbent and these are typically the tallest stones in the circle, with the smallest being situated on the northeastern aspect. The rest of the circle is usually composed of between six and ten orthostats graded by size. The builders tended to select a site which was on a level spur of a hill with excellent views to other landmarks. Over seventy of these circles are found in lowland Aberdeenshire in northeast Scotland – the most similar monuments are the axial stone circles of southwest Ireland. Recumbent stone circles generally enclosed a low ring cairn, though over the millennia these have often disappeared. They may have been a development from the Clava cairns found nearby in Inverness-shire and axial stone circles may have followed the design. Whilst cremated remains have been found at some sites, the precise function of these circles is not known.

## Description

Canmore archaeologists describe this recumbent stone circle as "mutilated". It is located in woodland near Logie Coldstone in Aberdeenshire. The circle is distinguished by having a large cairn inside it and the recumbent is 3.60 metres long and 0.90 metres tall. It was painted by William Cormack in 1942.
# Rita Smart

Rita H. Smart (born November 13, 1948, in Jessamine County, Kentucky) is an American politician and a former Democratic member of the Kentucky House of Representatives who represented district 81 from 2011 to 2016. She was unseated by C. Wesley Morgan of Richmond in 2016.

## Education

Smart earned her BS from Eastern Kentucky University and her MS from the University of Kentucky.

## Elections

* 2012 Smart was unopposed for the May 22, 2012 Democratic Primary and won the November 6, 2012 General election with 10,263 votes (61.4%) against Republican nominee Mary Long.
* 2010 When District 81 Representative Harry Moberly retired and left the seat open, Smart won the May 18, 2010 Democratic Primary with 3,304 votes (59.1%) and won the November 2, 2010 General election with 6,778 votes (55.8%) against Republican nominee Tiffany Nash.
# Mantura matthewsii

Mantura matthewsii is a species of Chrysomelidae family, that is common in Slovakia, Turkey.
# Joseph Dervaes

Joseph Dervaes (27 October 1906 – 12 April 1986) was a Belgian racing cyclist. He won the Belgian national road race title in 1928 and the Tour of Flanders in 1929.

## Major results

Source:

### 1924

    1st Antwerpen-Menen

### 1925

    1st stage 3 Tour of Belgium independents

### 1926

    1st Scheldeprijs
    1st stage 2 Critérium des Aiglon

### 1927

    3rd Overall Tour of Belgium

### 1928

    1st Belgian National Road Race Championships, road race
    1st Scheldeprijs
    1st De Drie Zustersteden
    1st Bruxelles-Paris
    1st Omloop van Noord-België
    2nd Schaal Sels
    2nd Omloop der Vlaamse Gewesten
    4th Road race, UCI World Championships
    6th Paris–Tours

### 1929

    1st Tour of Flanders
    1st De Drie Zustersteden
    1st Grote 1-MeiPrijs
    1st Omloop van Noord-België
    4th Road race, UCI World Championships

### 1930

    1st Grote 1-MeiPrijs
    1st Omloop van Noord-België
    2nd Belgian National Road Race Championships, road race
    2nd Brussel–Oostende

### 1931

    1st Grote 1-MeiPrijs
    1st Paris–Lille
    2nd Antwerpen–Gent–Antwerpen
# Mesopotamian Social Sciences Academy

The Mesopotamian Social Sciences Academy is a co-educational university in Qamishli, a city in de facto autonomous region, the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria. The academy opened in 2013 offering classes in criticism and self-criticism, the democratic system and the Kurdish language.
The school year has three terms, lasting 3-4 months each. The curriculum consists mainly of history and sociology classes. Jineoloji is also taught there. Teaching occurs mainly in Kurdish.
There was a book donation drive organised early in the life of the university, which, amongst others, was donated to by AK Press.
# Dedić

Dedić, also spelled Dedic, Dedić, Dědič, Dedič or Dedich is a surname of Slavic origin, which is a common surname in most of the South Slav nations, but it is also found in the United States, Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The first record of the surname Dedić dates back to 1569 where it was recorded in the "Book of the Baptized of the city of Rab", thus belonging to the group of the oldest surnames in the city of Rab, Croatia. The meaning of the surname is successor, duke, or tribal leader.
People with the surname Dedić:
A
* Amar Dedić (born 2002), Bosnian footballer
* Amira Medunjanin née Dedić (born 1972), Bosnian singer
* Anel Dedić (born 1991), Bosnian footballer
* Arnel Dedić (born 1976), Croatian basketball player
* Arsen Dedić (1938–2015), Croatian singer-songwriter
F
H
Bosnian wushu-sanda fighter
J
N
M
* Matija Dedić – Croatian jazz pianist and composer
* Milutin Dedić – Serbian academic painter
* Mirela Dedic (born 1991), Austrian handballer who plays for the national team
* Mirsad Dedić (born 1968), Bosnian footballer
R
* René Dedič (born 1993), Slovak footballer
* Rusmin Dedić (born 1982), former Slovenian footballer who played as a defender
S
W
Z
# Distal-gland springsnail

The distal-gland springsnail, scientific name Pyrgulopsis nanus, is a species of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to the United States.
# Dominic Demschar

Dominic Demschar (born 19 May 1993 in Oberndorf, Austria) is an alpine skier who competed for Australia at the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics in the alpine skiing events. He has lived the majority of his life in Park City, Utah, in the United States and attends the University of Utah.
# Jacob Fox

Jacob Fox (born Jacob Licht in 1984) is an American mathematician. He is a current professor at Stanford University. His research interests are in Hungarian-style combinatorics, particularly Ramsey theory, extremal graph theory, combinatorial number theory, and probabilistic methods in combinatorics.
Fox grew up in West Hartford, Connecticut and attended Hall High School. As a senior he won second place overall and first place in his category in the annual Intel Science Talent Search, also winning the Karl Menger Memorial Prize of the American Mathematical Society for his project. The project was titled "Rainbow Ramsey Theory: Rainbow Arithmetic Progressions and Anti-Ramsey Results" and was based on a research project he did at a six-week summer camp in mathematics, the Research Science Institute (RSI), at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He also participated in an earlier high school mathematics program at Ohio State University.
Fox became an undergraduate at MIT, and was awarded the 2006 Morgan Prize for several research publications in combinatorics.
Fox completed his PhD in 2010 from Princeton University; his dissertation, supervised by Benny Sudakov, was titled Ramsey Numbers.
Fox worked in the mathematics department at MIT from 2010 to 2014, where he continued to teach classes relating to combinatorics. He was also one of the mentors at the Research Science Institute summer program. He joined the faculty of Stanford University in 2015.
In 2010, Fox was awarded the Dénes Kőnig Prize, an early-career award of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics. He was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2014. He was awarded the Oberwolfach Prize in 2016.
# Grant City, Indiana

Grant City is an unincorporated community in Wayne Township, Henry County, Indiana.

## History

Grant City was platted in October 1868. It was named for Ulysses S. Grant, then known for his role as Commanding General of the United States Army, and afterward 18th President of the United States. The post office once located at Grant City was called Snyder. This post office operated from 1888 until 1901.
# Altman, Colorado

Altman is an extinct mining town located in Teller County, Colorado, United States.

## History

The Altman, Colorado, post office operated from January 18, 1894, until May 30, 1911. Much of the town was destroyed by fire on May 24, 1903.

## Geography

Altman is located at coordinates 38°44′10″N 105°08′02″W﻿ / ﻿38.7361°N 105.1339°W﻿ / 38.7361; -105.1339, at an elevation of 10,630 feet (3,240 m).
# National Catholic Student Coalition

The National Catholic Student Coalition (NCSC) was an association of Catholic campus ministry groups and individual Catholic students at colleges or universities throughout the United States. It often held an annual student leadership conference between December 28 and January 1.

## History

The coalition was created in 1982 by 40 college and university students from around the United States. It was the successor of the National Newman Club Federation (1908–1968) and the National Federation of Catholic College Students (1938–1968).
The coalition's newsletter was called "The Catholic Collegian".
NCSC ceased operating around 2014. Its mission has been extended to the Seek conference, which is principally for students who attend Catholic colleges, rather than secular institutions such as state universities.

## Partners

The National Catholic Student Coalition was a partner with regional, national, and international associations whose missions were aligned with its own. Its partners included:
* Catholic Campus Ministry Association (CCMA)
* National Association of Diocesan Directors of Campus Ministry (NADDCM)
* United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB)
* International Movement of Catholic Students (IMCS) - Pax Romana
* International Young Catholic Students (IYCS)
* Catholic Movement for Intellectual and Cultural Affairs (CMICA) - Pax Romana

## Regions

The NCSC was divided into four regions. The West, Midwest, South, and Northeast. Each region had its own leadership team, headed by a regional chairperson.
# Water resources management in Pakistan

According to the United Nations' "UN World Water Development Report", the total actual renewable water resources increased from 2,961 m³ per capita in 2000. A more recent study indicates an available supply of water of little more than 1,000 m³ per person, which puts Pakistan in the category of a high stress country. Using data from the Pakistani federal government's Planning and Development Division, the overall water availability has decreased from 1,299 m³ per capita in 1996-97 to 1,101 m³ per capita in 2004-05. In view of growing population, urbanization and increased industrialization, the situation is likely to get worse. Nevertheless, excessive mining of groundwater goes on. Despite a lowering water table, the annual growth rate of electric tubewells has been indicated to 6.7% and for diesel tubewells to about 7.4%. In addition, increasing pollution and saltwater intrusion threaten the country's water resources. About 36% of the groundwater is classified as highly saline.
In urban areas, most water is supplied from groundwater except for the cities of Karachi, and a part of Islamabad, where mainly surface water is used. In most rural areas, groundwater is used. In rural areas with saline groundwater, irrigation canals serve as the main source of domestic water.

## Water use

Out of the 169,384 billion m³ of water which were withdrawn in 2000, 96% were used for agricultural purposes, leaving 2% for domestic and another 2% for industrial use. By far most water is used for irrigated agriculture, emphasizing the particular significance of agriculture in the country. The sector contributes about 25% of the Pakistan's GNP (2000-2001). The country still has the world's largest contiguous irrigation system. In 1999-2000, the total irrigated area in Pakistan was 181,000 km².
Water is also essential for power generation in Pakistan, since about 29% is generated through hydropower.
# Dig It (Beatles song)

"Dig It" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1970 album Let It Be. The song is credited to Lennon/McCartney/Harrison/Starkey, and is one of the few songs to be credited to all of the Beatles. This song and the 39-second "Maggie Mae" appear on the Let It Be album, but are excluded from the Let It Be... Naked album, instead being replaced with "Don't Let Me Down". Glyn Johns' May 1969 version of the album, then titled Get Back, had a four-minute excerpt of "Dig It", which was later reduced to the much shorter version in the final album.

## Recording

Several versions were recorded during the Get Back/Let It Be sessions, on 24, 26, 27, 28, and 29 January 1969, at Apple Studio. The 51-second version on the album is an extract taken from the 26 January version, which was a 15-minute jam that evolved from a loose "Like a Rolling Stone" jam. A segment of the jam session, 4 minutes and 30 seconds in length, appears in the documentary film Let It Be. The participants in that session are John Lennon on vocals and 6-string bass, George Harrison on guitar, Paul McCartney on piano, Ringo Starr on drums, George Martin on maracas and Billy Preston at the organ; also participating in the jam, but not heard on the released version, was Linda Eastman's six-year-old daughter Heather. Eastman later became McCartney's wife.
In the early part of the jam, Lennon sings the main lyric with interjections from Harrison. Heather adds wordless vocals, which in the 2021 miniseries The Beatles: Get Back, appear to be imitating Yoko Ono. As the performance winds down, Lennon exhorts the others to continue. McCartney adds a baritone backup vocal of "dig it up, dig it up, dig it up" and variations, and Lennon begins to repeat "Like a rolling stone", then, in free association manner, mentions "the FBI", "the CIA", "the BBC", "B.B. King", "Doris Day" and "Matt Busby".
The excerpt on the Let It Be album fades in on Lennon's second "Like a rolling stone" and concludes with Lennon speaking in a falsetto: "That was 'Can You Dig It?' by Georgie Wood, and now we'd like to do 'Hark, the Angels Come'". The second sentence of that line is cut off in Let It Be's film recording of the jam session. ("Wee Georgie Wood" was a 4'9" music-hall performer and child star.) The interjection actually comes from a different improvised jam recorded on the 24th. The earlier jam was much different, described by Beatles bootleg scholars Doug Sulpy and Ray Schweighardt as "sounding like a cross between the traditional 'Sailor's Hornpipe' and a slowed down rendition of Neal Hefti's 'Batman', as played on slide guitar". An excerpt from this jam (entitled "Can You Dig It?") can be heard on the "Fly on the Wall" bonus disc to Let It Be... Naked.

## Personnel

* John Lennon – lead vocals, six-string bass (Fender Bass VI)
* Paul McCartney – vocals in full version, piano
* George Harrison – vocals in full version, lead guitar (Fender Telecaster)
* Ringo Starr – drums
* Billy Preston – Hammond organ
* George Martin – maracas
* Heather McCartney – vocals in full version
    Personnel per Ian MacDonald
# Catriona Laing

Catriona Wendy Campbell Laing CB is a British civil servant and diplomat who has been serving as United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres' Special Representative for Somalia and Head of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) since 2023.

## Early life and education

Laing studied economics at the London School of Economics, graduating with a Master of Science (MSc) degree in 1986. She later attended the Cranfield School of Management at Cranfield University, and completed a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in 1996.

## Career

After graduating, Laing worked as an ODI Fellow for the Botswana Ministry of Works. She then joined the Overseas Development Administration, which was then an agency of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). She was seconded to be head of the development office of the UN Mission in Somalia 1993–94. She studied at Cranfield School of Management 1995–96 for an MBA degree. She continued with the Overseas Development Administration when it became part of the Department for International Development (DFID) in 1997. She was seconded to the Cabinet Office as deputy director of the Prime Minister's strategy unit 2001–05, then was head of DFID's International Division Advisory Department 2005–06, head of DFID in Sudan 2006–09, and director, human rights and international, at the Ministry of Justice 2009–12. She then joined the FCO and was the UK's senior civilian representative to the NATO operation in southern Afghanistan 2012–13.
Laing was appointed to be Ambassador to Zimbabwe from 2014. After four years in that post she was appointed to be High Commissioner to Nigeria from November 2018.
Laing was appointed CB in the 2012 New Year Honours.
# Loma language

Loma (Loghoma, Looma, Lorma) is a Mande language spoken by the Loma people of Liberia and Guinea.
Dialects of Loma proper in Liberia are Gizima, Wubomei, Ziema, Bunde, Buluyiema. The dialect of Guinea, Toma (Toa, Toale, Toali, or Tooma, the Malinke name for Loma), is an official regional language.
In Liberia, the people and language are also known as "Bouze" (Busy, Buzi), which is considered offensive.

## Writing systems

Today, Loma uses a Latin-based alphabet which is written from left to right. A syllabary saw limited use in the 1930s and 1940s in correspondence between Loma-speakers, but today has fallen into disuse.

## Phonology

Loma has 21 consonants, 28 vowels, and 2 tones.
Loma consonants :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | |
| Stop | voiced | b | d | | g ~ ɡ̟ | ɡ͡b |
| Stop | implosive | ɓ | | | | |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | | k ~ k̟ | k͡p |
| Stop | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | | kʰ | |
| Fricative | voiced | v | z | | ɣ | |
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | | x | |
| Semivowel | Semivowel | w | | j | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | ʋ | l ~ ɾ | | | |
Loma vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | | u |
| Close-mid | e | | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | | ɔ |
| Open | | a | |
Every vowel has 4 forms: Short and non-nasalized, Short and nasalized, Long and non-nasalized, and Long and nasalized making a total of 28 vowels.
Loma has 2 tones: the High Tone (˦) ⟨á⟩ and the Low Tone (˨) ⟨à⟩.

## Sample

The Lord's Prayer in Loma:
Yài è ga gé ɣeeai è gee-zuvɛ, ɓaa ɣa la yà laa-zeigi ma, yà masadai va, è yii-mai ɣɛ zui zu è ɣɛ velei é ɣɛɛzu la è wɔ vɛ, è zaa mii ŋenigi ʋe gé ya, è gé vaa ʋaitiɛ zu ʋaa yɛ, è ɣɛ velei gá ɓalaa gé zɔitiɛ zu ʋaa yɛga la gá ʋaa yega te va. Mɛ lɛ kɛ tɛ-ga ɔ́ wo ga gíɛ, kɛ̀ è gé wulo tuɓo-vele-yowũ nui ya.

## Hymns

In the 1960s several hymns composed in Loma by Billema Kwillia were recorded by the missionary Margaret D. Miller and then adopted by the Lutheran Church, first appearing in print in Loma in 1970. The most widely used, 'A va de laa' was not translated to singable English until 2004; it is also translated to German.
# Otto Herrigel

Otto Herrigel (27 June 1937 – 13 May 2013) was a Namibian businessman, and politician. He served as Namibia's first Minister of Finance between 1990 and 1992.
Herrigel was born in Walvis Bay and grew up in Swakopmund. He studied economics at University of Heidelberg, and in 1971 obtained a doctoral degree from University of Basel, his thesis was about the demographic and economic development of South West Africa since 1921.
A member of SWAPO since before Independence of Namibia, Herrigel worked as a businessman and farmer, before he was appointed Namibia's first Minister of Finance on 21 March 1990. Prominent businessman and then-Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce Harold Pupkewitz commented "Dr Herrigel [is a] man of decision-making abilities and sound judgement". Herrigel resigned in 1992, reportedly due to differences with president Sam Nujoma over fiscal policy and the procurement of a presidential aircraft. Afterwards Herrigel was on the board of the Bank of Namibia (1998-2008), and on the board of directors of TransNamib (2001-2002).
Herrigel and his wife Karin raised two GDR kids as foster children - children who had been removed from their parents and brought up in the German Democratic Republic.
# Mohammadabad-e Baluch

Mohammadabad-e Baluch (Persian: محمدابادبلوچ) is a village in Now Bahar Rural District of the Central District of Golbahar County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 123 in 33 households, when it was in Bizaki Rural District of the former Golbahar District of Chenaran County). The following census in 2011 counted 77 people in 21 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 91 people in 26 households.
In 2019, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Golbahar County, and the rural district was transferred to the new Central District. Mohammadabad-e Baluch was transferred to Now Bahar Rural District created in the district.
# David Ewins

David John Ewins FRS (25 March 1942 – 25 January 2023) was a British mechanical engineer. He was Director of the Bristol Laboratory for Advanced Dynamics Engineering (BLADE) at University of Bristol from 2007 to 2015.

## Life and career

Ewins studied mechanical engineering at Imperial College London, and studied for a PhD at the University of Cambridge. He was Professor of Vibration Engineering at Imperial College London.
Ewins was acting director of the AgustaWestland UTC.
Ewins was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006.
Ewins was appointed a Fellow of the Society for Experimental Mechanics in 2014.
Ewins died on 25 January 2023, at the age of 80.
# Sony Xperia 8

The Sony Xperia 8 is an Android smartphone marketed and manufactured by Sony. Part of Sony's midrange Xperia series, it was unveiled on October 7, 2019 as a Japan-exclusive device.

## Design

The Xperia 8 resembles the Xperia 10, but has an aluminum frame and Gorilla Glass 6 on the front and back. The screen has asymmetrical bezels, with the top bezel housing the earpiece, front-facing camera, notification LED and various sensors. The power button/fingerprint sensor and volume buttons are located on the right side of the device, while the 3.5mm headphone jack is located on the top. Notably, the shutter release button has been omitted. The rear cameras are centered and located near the top of the phone, with the LED flash above. The bottom edge has the primary microphone and a downward-firing speaker next to the USB-C port. At 158 mm × 69 mm × 8.1 mm and 170g (5.99 oz), the device is marginally larger and heavier than the 10 while seeing a slight decrease in depth. An IP65/68 rating is present, and four colors are available: White, Black, Orange and Blue.

## Specifications
### Hardware

The device shares its chipset with the Xperia 10, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 630 SoC and the Adreno 508 GPU. It is available with 4 GB of RAM and 64 GB of eMMC storage. MicroSD card expansion is supported up to 512 GB with a single-SIM or hybrid dual-SIM setup. The display is also identical to the 10's, a 6-inch (152mm) 21:9 1080p (1080 × 2520) IPS LCD panel which results in a pixel density of 457 ppi. The Xperia 8's battery is 4% smaller than the 10's, with a 2760mAh cell. Power and data connections are provided through the USB-C port. A dual camera setup is present on the rear, with a 12 MP primary lens and an 8 MP secondary lens. The front-facing camera has an 8 MP sensor.

### Software

The Xperia 8 runs on Android 9.0 "Pie".
# Anaspis thoracica

Anaspis thoracica is a species of false flower beetle in the family Scraptiidae, found in the Palearctic.
# Issifu Seidu

Issifu Seidu (born 24 July 1969) is a Ghanaian politician and member of parliament for the Nalerigu constituency in the North East Region of Ghana.

## Personal life

Issifu seidu is a muslim.