# List of leaders of Tajikistan

Below is the list of leaders of present-day Tajikistan since the establishment of Tajik ASSR in 1925.

## Turkestan Autonomy

The Turkestan Autonomy occupied former territories of the Russian Empire, which was called the Turkestan Krai or the Russian Turkestan, more particular parts of the Semirechye, Syr-Darya and Fergana Oblasts (Provinces). From the north it bordered on the Alash Autonomy, from the east on the Republic of China, from the south on the Emirate of Afghanistan, from the south-west on the Emirate of Bukhara, on the west and north-west on the Soviet Central Asian Regions.
The state was created by Jadids and Kadimis [ru]. The government of Turkestan autonomy in January announced its intention to convene its parliament on 20 March 1918, on the basis of universal, direct, equal and secret ballot. Two-thirds of the seats in parliament were intended for Muslim deputies, and one-third was guaranteed to representatives of the non-Muslim population. The existence of such a parliament was to be the first step towards the democratization of Turkestan.
In January 1918, in response to an ultimatum from the Soviets on the voluntary inclusion into Soviet Russia, Mustafa Shokay refused to recognize the authority of the Soviets. For the destruction of the self-proclaimed Turkestan Autonomy, 11 trains with troops and artillery under the command of Konstantin Osipov [ru] arrived from Moscow in Tashkent. As a result of hostilities, thousands of civilians were killed. Thus, the Turkestan autonomy was liquidated by the Bolsheviks only three months after its creation. It was replaced by Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
In November 1917, Muhamedzhan Tynyshpaev was the first president of the state. The second and last president was Mustafa Shokay.

## Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee

* Kobozev, Pyotr Alekseevich (April – May 1918), Solkin, Andrey Fedorovich, contributor (April – 2 June 1918)
* Tobolin, Ivan Osipovich (2 June – 5 October 1918)
* Votintsev, Vsevolod Dmitrievich (October 1918 – 19 January 1919)
* – (19 January – 31 March 1919)
* Kazakov, Aristarkh Andreevich (31 March – July 1919)
* Kobozev, Pyotr Alekseevich (July – September 1919)
* Apin, Ivan Andreevich (September 1919 – January 1920)
* Ryskulov, Turar Ryskulovich (January – 21 July 1920)
* Biserov, Mukhammedzhan (21 July – August 1920)
* Rakhimbaev, Abdullo Rakhimbaevich (4 August 1920 – May 1921), Khodzhanov Sultanbek, acting, prev. (12 May 1920 – ?)
* Tyuryakulov, Nazir Tyuryakulovich (May 1921 – June 1922)
* Rakhimbaev, Abdullo Rakhimbaevich (June – October 1922)
* Khidir-Aliev, Inagadzhan (October 1922 – 1 January 1924), Dadabaev Butabay, vrid. prev. (August – September 1923)
* Aytakov, Nedirbai (9 January – November 1924)
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars ("Turksovnarkom").
| Initial date | Final date | Name |
| 15 November 1917 | November 1918 | Fyodor Kolesov |
| November 1918 | 19 January 1919 | Vladislav Figelskiy (ru) |
| 19 January 1919 | 31 March 1919 | Post vacant |
| 31 March 1919 | 12 September 1919 | Karp Sorokin (ru) |
| 12 September 1919 | March 1920 | Turksovnarkom defunct |
| March 1920 | May 1920 | Jānis Rudzutaks |
| May 1920 | September 1920 | Isidor Lubimov |
| 19 September 1920 | October 1922 | Kaikhaziz Atabayev |
| October 1922 | 12 January 1924 | Turar Ryskulov |
| 12 January 1924 | 27 October 1924 | Sharustam Islamov (ru) |

## Beks of Mastchoh (Matcha)(in rebellion)

* Nov 1918 - af.1919 Sultan Bek Davlatov
* c.Mar 1920 Mir Muhammadov (d. 1920)
* Sep 1920 - Apr 1923 Said Ahmad Khwaja (d. 1923)

## Emir of Darvaz and Karategin (at Gharm, in rebellion)

* Nov 1922 - Aug 1923 Fuzayl Maqsum

## Leaders of Tajikistan (1925–1991)
### Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1925–1929)
#### Executive Secretaries of the Tajik Provincial Committee Communist Party

* Chinor Imomov (1924–1925)
* Boris Tolpygo (1925–1927)
* Mumin Khodzhayev (1927–1928)
* Ali Heydar Ibash Shervoni (1928–1929)
* Shirinsho Shotemur (1929 – November 1929)

#### Chairman of the Central Executive Committee

* Nusratulla Maksum Lutfullayev (1926–1933)

### Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929–1991)
#### First Secretaries of the Tajik Communist Party

* Mirza Davud Huseynov (November 1929 – 3 November 1933)
* Grigory Broydo (3 November 1933 – 8 January 1934)
* Suren Shadunts (8 January 1934 – September 1937)
* Urunboi Ashurov (September 1937 – March 1938)
* Dmitri Protopopov (April 1938 – August 1946)
* Bobojon Ghafurov (16 August 1946 – 24 May 1956)
* Tursun Uljabayev (24 May 1956 – 12 April 1961)
* Jabbor Rasulov (12 April 1961 – 4 April 1982)
* Rahmon Nabiyev (4 April 1982 – 14 December 1985)
* Qahhor Mahkamov (14 December 1985 – 4 September 1991)

#### Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee

* Nusratulla Maksum Lutfullayev (16 December 1926 – 28 December 1933)
* Shirinsho Shotemur (28 December 1933 – December 1936)
* Abdullo Rakhimbayev (December 1936 – September 1937)
* Munavar Shagadayev (September 1937 – 13 July 1938)

#### Chairman of the Supreme Soviet

* N. Ashurov (13 July 1938 – 15 July 1938)

#### Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

* Munavar Shagadayev (15 July 1938 – 29 July 1950)
* Nazarsho Dodkhudoyev (29 July 1950 – 24 May 1956)
* Mirzo Rakhmatov (24 May 1956 – 28 March 1963)
* Makhmadullo Kholov (28 March 1963 – January 1964)
* Nizoramo Zaripova (14 Jan 1964 – 17 Feb 1964)
* Vladimir Oplanchuk (acting) (January – 17 February 1964)
* Gaibnasar Pallayev (17 February 1964 – 12 April 1990)

### Chairman of the Supreme Soviet

* Qahhor Mahkamov (12 April 1990 – 30 November 1990)

## Presidents of the Republic of Tajikistan (1991–present)

| No. | Portrait | Name (Born-Died) | Term | Term | Term | Political Party | Elected |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Born-Died) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political Party | Elected |
| President ||||||||
| 1 | | Mahkamov, QahhorQahhor Mahkamov (1933–2016) | 30 November 1990 | 31 August 1991 | 274 days | Communist | — |
| – | | Aslonov, QadriddinQadriddin Aslonov (1947–1992) Acting | 31 August 1991 | 23 September 1991 | 23 days | Communist | — |
| 2 | | Nabiyev, RahmonRahmon Nabiyev (1930–1993) | 23 September 1991 | 6 October 1991 | 13 days | Communist | — |
| – | | Iskandarov, AkbarshoAkbarsho Iskandarov (born 1951) Acting | 6 October 1991 | 2 December 1991 | 57 days | Communist | — |
| (2) | | Nabiyev, RahmonRahmon Nabiyev (1930–1993) | 2 December 1991 | 7 September 1992 | 280 days | Communist | 1991 |
| – | | Iskandarov, AkbarshoAkbarsho Iskandarov (born 1951) Acting | 7 September 1992 | 20 November 1992 | 13 days | Communist | — |
| Chairman of the Supreme Assembly ||||||||
| – | | Rahmonov, EmomaliEmomali Rahmonov (born 1952) | 20 November 1992 | 16 November 1994 | 1 year, 361 days | Independent | — |
| President ||||||||
| 3 | | Rahmon, EmomaliEmomali Rahmon (born 1952) | 16 November 1994 | Incumbent | 30 years, 87 days | PDP | 1994 1999 2006 2013 2020 |