OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chester (placename element)

The English place-name Chester, and the suffixes -chester, -caster and -cester (old -ceaster), are commonly indications that the place is the site of a Roman castrum, meaning a military camp or fort (cf. Welsh caer), but it can also apply to the site of a pre-historic fort. Names ending in -cester are nearly always reduced to -ster when spoken, the exception being "Cirencester", which (commonly nowadays) is pronounced in full. However, names ending in -ster are not necessarily related, as the Irish province of Leinster, which comes from the tribe Laigin + Irish tír or Old Norse staðr, both meaning "land" or "territory". The pronunciation of names ending in -chester or -caster is regular.
* Top
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* K
* L
* M
* P
* R
* S
* T
* W

## A

* Acaster Malbis
* Acaster Selby
* Alcester
* Alchester
* Ancaster

## B

* Bewcastle, formerly Buthcaster (1263).
* Bicester
* Binchester
* Brancaster

## C

* Caister-on-Sea
* Caistor
* Caistor St Edmund
* Casterton, Cumbria
* Casterton, Great, Rutland
* Casterton, Little, Rutland
* Castor, Cambridgeshire
* Chester
** Cheshire, Chester-shire
* Chester, Little, Derby
* Chesterfield
* Chesterford, Great
* Chesterford, Little
* Chester-le-Street
* Chesterton (disambiguation)
* Chesterwood
* Chichester
* Cirencester
* Colchester
* Craster

## D

* Doncaster
* Dorchester
** Dorset, Dor-chester-seat
* Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire

## E

* Ebchester
* Exeter

## F

* Frocester

## G

* Gloucester
* Gloster Hill (near Amble, Northumberland)
* Godmanchester
* Grantchester

## H

* Hincaster
* Horncastle, known in Old English as Hyrnecastre

## I

* Ilchester
* Irchester

## K

* Kenchester

## L

* Lancaster
** Lancashire, (Lan-CA-sheer)
* Lanchester
* Leicester (Less-stir)

## M

* Mancetter
* Manchester
* Monkchester, modernised form of Munucceaster, the Old English name for Newcastle upon Tyne.
* Muncaster

## P

* Portchester

## R

* Ribchester
* Rocester
* Rochester, Kent
* Rochester, Northumberland

## S

* Silchester

## T

* Tadcaster
* Towcester

## W

* Winchester
* Woodchester
* Worcester
* Wroxeter
# Sheila Widnall

Sheila Marie Evans Widnall (born July 13, 1938) is an American aerospace researcher and Institute Professor Emerita at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She served as United States Secretary of the Air Force from 1993 to 1997, making her the first woman to hold that post and the first woman to lead an entire branch of the United States Armed Forces in the Department of Defense. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2003.

## Life and career

Widnall was born and raised in Tacoma, Washington, graduating from the Aquinas Academy for Girls in 1956. She graduated from MIT with a SB in 1960, SM in 1961, and ScD in 1964, all in Aeronautics. Her master's thesis was entitled Boundary layer stability over flexible surfaces and her doctoral thesis was entitled Unsteady loads on hydrofoils including free surface effects and cavitation, both under the supervision of Marten T. Landahl.
Widnall was appointed as the Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1986 and joined the Engineering Systems Division, was Chair of the Faculty 1979–1981, and has served as MIT's Associate Provost from 1992–1993. In 1988 she was the President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences that same year. In 2000, Widnall was elected to the American Philosophical Society.
On July 4, 1993, in the wake of the Tailhook scandal, President Bill Clinton announced her nomination to be Secretary of the Air Force. The Senate received her nomination July 22, 1993, and confirmed her two weeks later on August 5, 1993, 183 days after inauguration and 197 after the office became vacant. She was the first woman to head a branch of the US military. During her tenure she handled the Kelly Flinn scandal. She was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1985, serving as vice-president from 1998 to 2005 and winning their Arthur M. Bueche Award in 2009.
Widnall was a member of the board of investigation into the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
She currently works with the Lean Advancement Initiative. She married William Soule Widnall in June 1960. Her husband earned a doctorate degree from MIT in aerospace engineering and headed the MIT-Draper team that developed the Apollo GN&C system. The couple has two grown children, William and Ann Marie.

## Research

Widnall's research has been focused on fluid mechanics, in particular the aerodynamics of high-speed vehicles, helicopters, aircraft wakes, and turbulence. One of her most notable works is on the elliptical instability mechanism with Raymond Pierrehumbert.

## Writings

* "Science and the Atari Generation." Science (August 12, 1983): 607.
* "AAAS Presidential Lecture: Voices from the Pipeline." Science (September 30, 1988): 1740-1745.
# Watarai

Watarai (度会町, Watarai-chō) is a town in Watarai District, Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2021, the town had an estimated population of 7,928 in 3068 households and a population density of 59 persons per km². The total area of the town was 134.97 square kilometres (52.11 sq mi).

## Geography

Watarai is an inland municipality, located in eastern Kii Peninsula, near the geographic center of Mie Prefecture.

## Climate

Watarai has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Watarai is 15.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2015 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.8 °C.

## Demographics

The population of Watarai has remained stable over the last century.

## History

The area of Watarai was part of ancient Ago District of Shima Province and was transferred to Ise Province in 1582. The villages of Ogawago, Uchikida, Ichinose, and Nakagawa were established within Watarai District, Mie Prefecture with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Watarai Village was established on April 1, 1955 through the merger of these four villages. Watarai was elevated to town status on January 1, 1968.

## Government

Watarai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 11 members. Watarai, collectively with the other municipalities of Watarai District, contributes two members to the Mie Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Mie 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

The town serves as a commercial center for the surrounding region.

## Education

Watarai has one public middle school operated by the town government and one public high school operated by the Mie Prefectural Board of Education. The town does not have an elementary school. Mie Prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

## Transportation

Watarai is not served by any passenger rail service, nor does any national highway pass through the town.
# WSC West Indies cricket team in Australia in 1977–78

In late 1977, the new World Series Cricket competition began in Australia between three teams playing both multi-day and one day games. The first set of these fixtures to be played was a three match series between the Australian team and the West Indies team, starting at the beginning of December.

## Background

Since 1976, Kerry Packer, the owner of the Nine Network, had sought the rights to broadcast live coverage of Australia's home test matches, and had found himself rebuffed by the Australian Cricket Board in favour of continued live coverage on the Australian Broadcasting Company, which was the country's state broadcaster. Following Nine's winning of the rights to broadcast the 1977 Ashes tour to England, in which Packer was presented with the idea of staging some televised exhibition matches, he fleshed it out into the idea of a full blown series of games between the best Australian players, and the best players from the rest of the world. In 1977, Packer began signing contracts with Australian players recommended by former Australia captain Ian Chappell, while he was also able to negotiate a deal with then England captain Tony Greig for him to act as Packer's agent in signing non-Australian players. Among these non-Australians were a significant number of players from the West Indies, who found the contracts they were being offered would pay them potentially more than they could earn in their entire careers. As a consequence, although only intended to feature Australia against the Rest of the World, the organisers were able to form a third team, made up wholly of West Indian players.
The first match was scheduled as a five-day game between the Australian XI and the West Indies XI from 2 December 1977; Packer was unable to use the term "Test Match", so the fixture was the first of what came to be known as "Supertests". This game, held at VFL Park in Melbourne, began on the same day as the first day of the official Australian team's Test Match against India in Brisbane.

## Supertests

Because the MCC holds the copyright to the Laws of Cricket, Packer was therefore prevented from using them, he recruited former Australia captain Richie Benaud to formulate the rules and conditions for the new competition, which led to each over consisting of 8 balls.

### First Supertest

* 2–4 December 1977 scorecard
* WSC West Indies XI won by 3 wickets VFL Park, Melbourne, Victoria Umpires: Jack Collins and Douglas Sang Hue
* WSC West Indies won the toss and elected to field

### Second Supertest

* 16–18 December 1977 scorecard
* WSC West Indies XI won by 9 wickets RAS Showground, Sydney, New South Wales Umpires: Gary Duperouzel and Peter Enright
* WSC West Indies won the toss and elected to field

### Third Supertest

* 31 December 1977 – 3 January 1978 scorecard
* WSC Australia XI won by 220 runs Football Park, Adelaide, South Australia Umpires: Gary Duperouzel and Douglas Sang Hue
* WSC Australia won the toss and elected to bat
# Magdeburg (region)

Magdeburg was one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, located in the north of the country.

## History

The region was formed in 1815 as a subdivision of the Kingdom of Prussia's Province of Saxony. In 1944, it was briefly separated as a province in its own right – the Province of Magdeburg – before becoming part of post-war Saxony-Anhalt within the Soviet occupation zone after World War II and then East Germany in 1949. Both the states and the Regierungsbezirke of East Germany were disbanded in 1952, with Magedeburg largely becoming Bezirk Magdeburg. During reunification in 1990, it was reconstituted as part of the revived Saxony-Anhalt. The Regierungsbezirk was disbanded on January 1, 2004. Its functions were taken over by the Landesverwaltungsamt, which has three offices at the former seats of the Bezirksregierungen.
# Jim Stanford

James O. Stanford, commonly known as Jim Stanford is a Canadian economist, author, and commentator. He is the founder of the Progressive Economics Forum and director of the Centre for Future Work, firstly in Canberra, Australia and in the namesake institution in Vancouver, Canada since 2024. Stanford is also an author of a column for the Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail.
Stanford obtained a BA in economics from the University of Calgary in 1984, a master's degree in economics from Cambridge University in 1986. He worked as a research economist at the Canadian Energy Research Institute from 1986 to 1989 before moving to New York City for his doctoral studies in 1990. Stanford attended the New School for Social Research and obtained a PhD in 1995, also in economics. During this time, Stanford was a research fellow at the Brookings Institution from 1992 to 1993. In 1994, Stanford became an economist at the trade union Unifor, where he worked until 2015 and was also the Director of Economic, Social and Sectoral Policy. Stanford became an industry professor at McMaster University starting from 2015. In 2016 Stanford relocated to Australia, where he is the founding director of the Centre for the Future of Work, a non-partisan research organization funded by the public policy think tanks, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and The Australia Institute. He is also a regular contributor on economics to Huffington Post Australia.

## Published works
### Books

* Economics for Everyone: A Short Guide to the Economics of Capitalism (with Tony Biddle) London; Ann Arbor, MI : Pluto Press, 2008.
* Challenging The Market: The Struggle To Regulate Work And Income (with Leah F. Vosko and the Challenging the Market Conference), 2004
* Paper Boom: Why Real Prosperity Requires a New Approach to Canada's Economy, Lorimer, 1999
* Power, Employment, and Accumulation: Social Structures in Economic Theory and Policy (with Lance Taylor and Ellen Houston) Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe 2000
* Estimating the effects of North American Free Trade: A three-country general equilibrium model with "real- world" assumptions, 1993
* Social dumping under North American free trade, 1993.
* Going south: Cheap labour as an unfair subsidy in North American free trade, 1991

### Other publications

* Sharing the Work, Sparing the Planet: Work Time, Consumption, and Ecology. (book review): in Labour/Le Travail (Digital – Jul 28, 2005)
* Gomery, upside down.(CANADA): in Catholic New Times (Digital – Jul 25, 2005)
* Janis Sarra, ed., Corporate Governance in Global Capital Markets.(Book Review): in Labour/Le Travail (Digital – Jan 25, 2006)
* Introduction.(Forum on Labour and the Economic Crisis: Can the Union Movement Rise to the Occasion?)(Essay):in Labour/Le Travail by Jim Stanford (Digital – Jan 26, 2010)
* Challenging the Market the Struggle To Regulate Work and Income (1980)
# William W. Potter (Michigan politician)

William W. Potter (August 1, 1869 – July 21, 1940) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.
Potter was born to Lucien B. and Clarinda L. Potter in Maple Grove Township, Barry County, Michigan. He was a resident of East Lansing and was married to Margaret D. Richardson.
Potter was an 1895 graduate of the University of Michigan Law School, and a member of the Michigan Senate from the 15th District, 1899–1900; Barry County Prosecuting Attorney, 1909–12; he became a candidate in the primary for Governor of Michigan, 1924. He served as Michigan Attorney General from 1927 to 1928 and resigned when he was appointed justice of Michigan Supreme Court. In 1935, he served as chief justice of the state supreme court.
William W. Potter was a member of Freemasons, Knights of Pythias, and Odd Fellows. He died just before his 71st birthday, in office, following an automobile accident. He is interred at Wilcox Cemetery, near his birthplace.
# James "Spanish" Blake

James "Spanish" Blake, Anglo-Irish merchant, soldier, and spy, born circa 1562, died 20 February 1630.
A member of one of The Tribes of Galway, Blake was the second son of Walter Blake (died 1575) and Juliana Browne. His grandfather and brothers served as Mayors of Galway; his elder brother, Valentine Blake (1560–1634) was created a baronet in 1622.
In 1587, Blake was trading in sack and acquavite from Spain. The following year, he worked salvaging material from ships of the Armada wrecked on the Irish coast. He moved through the world of international intrigue as an agent for, variously, the Irish, English, French and Spanish during the Nine Years War in the 1590s.
He has been named as the assassin of Red Hugh O'Donnell in Spain in 1602. He was in the company of O'Donnell at the time of his death, and offered his services to Sir George Carew for the plot.
# Baden I b (old)

The engines of Baden Class I b were very early German steam locomotives built for the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways.

## History

The Class I b locomotives were copies of the first six Baden machines, the Class I a. The Badenia built by Emil Kessler in 1841 was the first locomotive to be built in Baden and the first of nine engines of its class. Kessler built this engine together with his partner Martiensen at his own expense and then placed it experimentally in service. Because it achieved the same level of performance as its English prototypes, it was taken over by the state railway.
On the line between Heidelberg und Wiesloch one locomotive achieved a speed of 54 km/h (34 mph) with 20 wagons. On a fast run the engines could manage 85 km/h (53 mph).
The majority of the engines were retired by 1863. Only the last one was converted in 1854 into a tank locomotive and stayed in service until 1867. It had a water capacity of 1,450 L (320 imp gal; 380 US gal) and coal capacity of 1.8 t (1.77 long tons; 1.98 short tons).

## Technical description

The locomotives had the same piston stroke as their English counterparts and were also equipped with a fork valve gear (Gabelsteuerung). The locomotive OFFENBURG had a Capry valve gear on delivery. The engines had improved running gear however due to their adjustable leaf springs and centre axle box.
The last engine of this class, EXPANSION No. 15, had a Meyer double rocker (Doppelschwing) valve gear, a larger cylinder bore of 381 mm, higher boiler pressure of 5.0 bar and 101 heating tubes. Its larger heating area generated an increase in power.
The locomotives were originally built for 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge, but converted in 1854 to standard gauge. At the same time they were given Capry valve gear, apart from CARLSRUHE and PHOENIX which were fitted with Stephenson valve gear.
The engines had a Sharp boiler barrel. The vertical boiler had a rounded top. On the foremost boiler section was the steam dome with a safety valve and spring balances. The frame comprised two outside stiffener frame sections (Futterrahmen) and four plate frame sections (Plattenrahmen) for the steam engine. The EXPANSION had two plate frame sections.
The vehicles were equipped with a Kessler type tender of class 2 T 5.4 or 3 T 5.4.
# The Organist Entertains

The Organist Entertains was a long-running music programme broadcast on BBC Radio 2. The 30-minute programme focused on the organ in its many guises, and played recordings and live broadcasts of theatre organs, pipe organs and electronic organs around the United Kingdom and the rest of the world.
The programme ran as a weekly feature on Radio 2 from 11 June 1969 and was originally presented by Robin Richmond, playing himself and introducing guest organists. Early guests included Ena Baga (Odeon, Hammersmith), Doreen Chadwick (The Gaumont, Manchester), Harold Robinson Cleaver (Astra, Llandudno), William Davies (The Granada, Tooting), Douglas Reeve (The Dome, Brighton), Dudley Savage (ABC Plymouth) and Gerald Shaw (Odeon, Leicester Square).
On 12 November 1970, Robin Richmond introduced the newest BBC Theatre Organ, installed at The Playhouse Theatre, Manchester, with performances on the organ by Ernest Broadbent, Reginald Dixon and Reginald Porter Brown.
In 1980, Nigel Ogden took over as presenter. In Ogden's absence, the programme was occasionally guest presented by Blackpool Tower organist Phil Kelsall. The programme's introductory music was "From This Moment On" by Cole Porter, played by Ogden.
On 10 January 2018, the BBC announced that the programme was to be discontinued after being on air for almost half a century. The final programme was broadcast on 8 May 2018.
# U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Inspector General

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Inspector General (USDA OIG) is one of the Inspector General offices created by the Inspector General Act of 1978. The Inspector General for the Department of Agriculture is charged with investigating and auditing department programs to combat waste, fraud, and abuse. A component of USDA-OIG, the Office of Investigations, conducts criminal investigations led by USDA-OIG Special Agents.

## History of Inspectors General

| Inspector General | Date started |
| Phyllis Fong | December 2, 2002 |
| Joyce Fleischman (Acting) | October 3, 2001 |
| Roger C. Viadero | October 14, 1994 |
| Leon Snead | August 1, 1990 |
| Leon Snead (Acting) | December 26, 1988 |
| Robert W. Beuley | August 11, 1986 |
| John V. Graziano | July 31, 1981 |
| Robert E. Magee (Acting) | January 27, 1981 |
| Thomas R. McBride | July 24, 1979 |
| Thomas R. McBride | October 25, 1977 |
| Nathaniel E. Kossack | May 1969 |
| Lester P. Condon | July 19, 1962 |
# Colin Beard

Colin Harry Beard (12 December 1941 – 20 August 2019) was an Australian rules football player and coach. He played for South Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) between 1959 and 1972 and for the Richmond Football Club in the VFL between 1969 and 1971.
After winning South Fremantle's best and fairest award in 1966 and representing Western Australia in two interstate games in 1967, he was recruited by Richmond in 1968 to replace their retiring full back Fred Swift. However, the WAFL refused to clear him, and Beard had to sit out of football for a year and was unable to play for Richmond until the 1969 VFL season. He played in nine wins from his first ten games including winning the 1969 VFL Grand Final.
He returned to South Fremantle after his three seasons at Richmond but only played 6 games in the 1972 WANFL season before retiring. He became the coach of the Bulldogs' senior team from 1974 to 1976. He was inducted into South Fremantle's Hall of Fame in 2015.
# Lutz Philipp

Lutz Philipp (14 October 1940 – 1 February 2012) was a German long-distance runner. He competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Marquette Building (Detroit)

The Marquette Building is a historic building located in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It was built in 1905, and stands at 243 West Congress Street. 211 West Fort Street lies to the north, TCF Center to the west, Fort Pontchartrain a Wyndham Hotel to the south, and Fort Shelby Hotel to the east. The building was for a time owned by Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim.
The high-rise stands at 10 stories in height, and is used for retail, offices, and a restaurant. It was designed in the Chicago School architectural style, and is mainly made of brick.
This building formerly contained the Office of the Michigan Secretary of State on its ground floor. 400 Monroe Associates saved this building from demolition in 1979, completing a careful historic preservation redevelopment in 1982.
Adient Plc announced on Wednesday, November 30, 2016, it had acquired the building to house the headquarters of its global seating business. Those plans have been cancelled as of June, 2018.
The building is now owned by Detroit-based real estate company Sterling Group which plans on leasing the space.