OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Democratic Party of the Northern Mariana Islands

The Democratic Party of the Northern Mariana Islands is a political party in the Northern Mariana Islands. It began as a purely local territorial party and is now officially affiliated with the United States' national Democratic Party.

## History

In 1977, the Popular Party changed its name to the Democratic Party. The Popular Party's opponent, the Territorial Party, would change its name to the Republican Party in 1981.
The CNMI has not elected a Democratic Governor since 1993, when Froilan Tenorio was elected. At the legislative elections of November 1, 2003 the party won 1 out of 18 seats. It won an extra seat in the 2005 legislative elections. Its candidate Froilan Tenorio won 18% in the 2005 gubernatorial election. In the November 3, 2007 Commonwealth Legislature elections, the party took only 1 of 20 seats in the House of Representatives.
In 2009, for the first time ever, the Democratic Party did not nominate a candidate in the gubernatorial election. They fielded a candidate for Mayor of Saipan (Angelo Villagomez), along with two CNMI House candidates and one CNMI Senate candidate.
In August 2016, the Commonwealth Election Commission recognized the party for the 2016 election year. Three of the 67 political candidates on the NMI are Democrats.
The party organized the 2020 Northern Mariana Islands Democratic caucuses.
In the 2020 elections, four incumbent representatives announced that they would run for re-election as Democrats. The party is running 18 candidates, and supporting 3 independent candidates. Prior to the election, there were zero Democrats in either chamber of the Commonwealth Legislature. The result of the 2020 general election was that the CNMI had experienced a blue wave as the party gained nine Democrats and the three endorsed independents were elected to office. For the first time in a decade, representatives affiliated with the Democratic Party had seats in the legislature. In the special election to replace the late Republican legislator Ivan A. Blanco, Democratic candidate Corina Magofna won the special election, flipping the seat.
In the 2022 gubernatorial election, the party nominated Tina Sablan for governor with Leila Staffler as her running mate. She lost the 1st race, conceded, and endorsed independent candidate Arnold Palacios and his running mate David Apatang. The party lost much of their gains from the previous election in the House, winning 4 seats, half of their previous win. They did gain a seat in the Senate, increasing their number to 2.

## Positions

The Democratic Party of the Northern Mariana Islands has defended Article 12 of the CNMI Constitution which restricts land alienation to persons of Northern Marianas descent.
# Jack Bentley (baseball)

John "Needles" Bentley (March 8, 1895 – October 24, 1969) was an American professional baseball player. He was a left-handed pitcher over parts of nine seasons (1913–1916, 1923–1927) with the Washington Senators, New York Giants and Philadelphia Phillies. For his career, he compiled a 46–33 record in 138 appearances, with a 4.01 ERA (earned run average) and 259 strikeouts. Bentley was a member of the Giants' pennant-winning teams in 1923 and 1924. He was 1–3 with a 4.94 ERA and 11 strikeouts in World Series play.
He was a good hitting pitcher in his major league career. In nine seasons, he compiled a .291 average (170-584) with 7 home runs and 71 RBI. In 1923 Bentley batted .427 (38-89) for the New York Giants. In the 1923 and 1924 World Series, he hit .417 (5-12) with one home run and 2 RBI. He would be the last pitcher to pinch-hit in the World Series until Zack Greinke, who pinch-hit in the 2021 World Series. He also played 59 games at first base and 3 games in right field in the majors.
In 1922, Bentley pitched for the minor league Baltimore Orioles in the International League, going 13–2 with a 1.73 ERA before he was called up again to the Big Leagues by the New York Giants.
He was born in Sandy Spring, Maryland, and later died in Olney, Maryland, at the age of 74.
Bentley was drafted into the military in July 1917. It was thought that he would claim exemption from military service as a conscientious objector due to his religious faith, yet he chose to enlist in the army and serve his country in World War I. In March 1918, Bentley was stationed at Fort Meade, Maryland. Shortly thereafter, he was deployed to France with the 313th Infantry. He documented his experiences through letters sent home throughout his 19 months of service.
# İsdemir

İsdemir is a Turkish steel producer located in Payas, Hatay Province on the Mediterranean coast. The name is a contraction of the Turkish language İskenderun Demir ve Çelik A.Ş., which means "İskenderun Iron and Steel CO". İsdemir is currently an Erdemir venture, another steel works located in Ereğli at the Black Sea coast.

## Overview

Established in 1970 to produce long steel products, İskenderun Demir ve Çelik A.Ş. was incorporated into Erdemir Group on February 1, 2002. Production of flat steel began in 2008 at its İskenderun plant with the implementation of modernization and transformation investments so as to balance long and flat steel production levels in Turkey.
İsdemir plays a significant role in enhancing the capacity of flat steel production while carrying on its activities to manufacture long products such as billet and wire rod.
Located in a 6.8 million square metres (73×10^$^6$ sq ft) area in Payas, İsdemir has an annual liquid steel production capacity of 5.3 Mt (million tonnes). In addition, it has reached 6 Mt of finished-product capacity, with 3.5 Mt of flat and 2.5 Mt of long steel products.

## Pollution

İsdemir burns coal in Turkey. As an integrated steelworks, emissions are higher than steel produced at electric arc furnaces.$^{:13}$ Climate Trace estimates the plant emitted over 8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2023, more greenhouse gas than any other steelmaker in the country.

## Products

* Wire rod 5.5 mm – 16.0 mm (for manufacturing of wire and nails, wire mesh, electrode and welding filler, bolt and nut, spring)
* Pig iron (for foundry)
* Billet 100x100 mm – 180x180 mm (for manufacturing of plain and deformed reinforcing bar, angle and profile, bulb flat)
# Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies

The Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies is a state government higher education institution located in Ringim, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The current Provost is Abbas A. Abbas.

## History

The Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies was established in 1992.

## Courses

The institution offers the following courses;
* English/Islamic studies
* Economics
* English/social studies
* Hausa
* Accountancy
* Primary Education
* Early Childhood Care Education
* Islamic Studies/Economics
* Arabic
* Computer Education
* History/Islamic
* History and Nigeria language
* Social Studies
* Law

## Admission Requirements

Aspirants seeking admission to Jigawa State College of Islamic and legal studies must have 5 credit pass in West africa examination council (WAEC), National Examination Council(NECO) and must have the Equivalent cut of 100 mark in joint Admission matriculation Board Examination Jamb for the year.

## Partnership

Jigawa state college partner with Sule lamido university keffi, in other to promote research and Foster academy excellency within the both institutions.
# Sierosławek

Sierosławek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drzycim, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Drzycim, 18 km (11 mi) north of Świecie, and 55 km (34 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz.
# May Moar

May Moar or Marjory Moar born May Hectorson (1825 – 2 June 1894) was a British crofter in the Shetland Isles who was awarded an RNLI silver medal for rescuing fishermen off the island of Yell.

## Life

Moar was born in Unst in 1825. She was one of six children born to Williamina Anderson and Laurence Hectorson. Her father was drowned the following year. She was fostered by another family and she went to live on the nearby island of Yell. She married a fisherman named David Moar in 1847.
She came to notice when she, her husband and a group of others saw a four oared boat that had overturned. She was lowered over the edge of a precipice on a rope so that she could make a rescue. She balanced on a ledge and she was able to throw a lifebuoy to the crew. Once caught they were able to be pulled to the shore. Her husband saved others.
She was awarded a medal by the Royal Humane Society and a silver medal by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.
Her heroism did not prevent her and her family from being evicted from their home of Yell during the clearances. Disaster struck her again when her husband drowned with 57 others in the Gloup Fishing Disaster. The disaster involved fisherman who were lost on 20 July 1867 at Gloup on the northern part of Yell. He was fishing in an open boat known as a sixareen when an unexpected storm from Iceland sank four of the boats. She returned as a widow to Unst.
Moar died in Baltasound in 1894. After her death her silver medal was found discarded in a dyke. It was retrieved and is now in Shetland Museum. Jessie Saxby who was a writer and suffragette from Unst wrote a short story about Moar called "Daughter of Sea Kings".
# Kupferstich-Kabinett, Dresden

The Kupferstich-Kabinett (English: Collection of Prints, Drawings and Photographs) is part of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen (State Art Collections) of Dresden, Germany. Since 2004 it has been located in Dresden Castle.

## History

Like many of Dresden's notable collections, this print room traces its origins to the Prince-electors of Saxony. The art chamber of the House of Wettin, established around 1560, became an independent museum of prints and drawings in 1720. The collection was expanded in the following centuries. It now describes itself as the oldest museum of graphic arts in the German-speaking world.
Because most items had been evacuated to Schloss Weesenstein in the early stages of World War II, the collection was saved from the bombing of Dresden in February 1945. War-time losses were still high; around 50,000 items are still missing. Most of the exhibits were looted by the Soviet Union after the war and did not return to Dresden until the late 1950s, and some when they were put back on display in the Albertinum.

## Collection

The collection includes over 500,000 items, only a fraction of which can be exhibited. The most renowned artists in the collection include Lucas Cranach the Elder, Albrecht Dürer, Jan van Eyck, Francisco de Goya, Hans Holbein the Younger, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, and Rubens. There is also a large number of works by artists with strong connections to Dresden, such as Caspar David Friedrich, Ludwig Richter, Georg Baselitz and Johannes Heisig. The collection of Käthe Kollwitz was started in 1898 and now numbers over 200 works from her oeuvre of drawings and graphics.
Besides the permanent exhibition, the Kupferstich-Kabinett also hosts regular special exhibitions featuring both its own works and those on loan from other notable museums.

## Provenance research

The Kupferstich-Kabinett is one of several German museums that are researching the art collector Carl Heumann (1886–1945), who after building in the 1920s and 1930s an important collection of prints of German and Austrian art of the 18th and 19th centuries, was persecuted because of his Jewish origins under the National Socialist regime.The Kupferstich-Kabinett approached Carl Heumann's descendants in order to find a just and fair solution regarding the artworks from his collection.
# Sikory, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Sikory is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rypin, within Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Rypin and 54 km (34 mi) east of Toruń.
# Battle of Olpae

The Battle of Olpae took place during the Peloponnesian War in 426 BC, between armies led by Athens and Sparta.
In 426, 3,000 hoplites from Ambracia invaded Amphilochian Argos in Acarnania on a gulf of the Ionian Sea and occupied the fort of Olpae. The Acarnanians asked for help from both the Athenian general Demosthenes, and the 20 Athenian ships located nearby under the command of Aristotle and Hierophon. The Ambraciots asked for help from Eurylochus of Sparta, who managed to march his army past the Acarnanians without being observed. After this, Demosthenes arrived in the gulf below Olpae with his ships, 200 hoplites, and 60 archers. He joined with the Acarnanian army and set up camp in a ravine opposite Eurylochus, where both sides made preparations for five days. As the Ambraciot and Peloponnesian army was larger, Demosthenes set up an ambush with 400 hoplites from Acarnania, to be used when the battle began.
Demosthenes formed the right wing of the Athenian-led army with Athenian and Messenian troops, with the centre and left wing formed by the Acarnanians and Amphilochians. Eurylochus formed the left wing of his army, directly facing Demosthenes, with the Ambraciots and Mantineans forming the rest of the line. When the battle began, Eurylochus quickly outflanked Demosthenes and was about to surround him when the Acarnanians began their ambush, causing panic among the other troops when Eurylochus was killed. The Ambraciots defeated the left wing of the Acarnanians and Amphilochians, chasing them back to Argos, but they were themselves defeated by the rest of the Acarnanians when they returned. Demosthenes lost about 300 men, but emerged victorious when the battle was completed later that night.
The next day, Menedaius, who had taken command when Eurylochus was killed, attempted to arrange a truce with Demosthenes. Demosthenes would only allow the leaders of the army to escape. This was psychological warfare by Demosthenes "...to discredit the Lacedaemonians and Peloponnesians with the Hellenes in those parts, as traitors and self-seekers". However, some of the Ambraciots attempted to flee with Menedaius and the other commanders. The Acarnanians chased them, allowed Menedaius to escape as agreed, and killed about 200 Ambraciots.
Meanwhile, Demosthenes learned that a second army from Ambracia was marching towards Olpae. These Ambraciots set up camp on the road to the fort at Idomene, having no knowledge of the defeat of the previous day. Demosthenes surprised them there at night, pretending to be the other Ambraciot army, and killed most of them; the rest fled to the hills or into the sea where they were captured by the 20 Athenian ships. Overall, the Ambraciots lost about 1,000 men over the two days.
Although Demosthenes could have easily taken Ambracia, he did not, because his allies feared a strong Athens in that region and so the Acarnanians and Ambraciots signed a 100-year peace treaty with them.
# William Medill

William Medill (February 1802 – September 2, 1865) was a 19th-century American lawyer and Democratic politician from Ohio. He was the 22nd governor of Ohio from 1853 to 1856. He had previously served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1839 to 1843.

## Biography

Born in White Clay Hundred, New Castle County, Delaware, William was the son of Irish immigrants, William and Isabelle Medill. He grew up on the family farm, in the rural outskirts of Newark. He attended the Newark Academy and graduated in 1825. After graduation, he read law and was admitted to the bar in Delaware in 1830. Medill moved to Ohio in 1830 and was admitted to the bar in Ohio in 1832.

## Career

Medill was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives, where he served from 1835 to 1838, serving as speaker of the House from 1836 to 1837. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1838, serving from 1839 to 1843. He lost a bid for a third term in 1842. After briefly serving as the second assistant postmaster general, Medill was appointed by President Polk as commissioner of Indian Affairs. He returned to Ohio in 1850 to serve as the president of the 1850–1851 Constitutional Convention. Elected to the new post of lieutenant governor of Ohio in 1851, Medill entered office in 1852, serving until the resignation of Governor Reuben Wood on July 13, 1853 to take up a Consular office in Chile. Medill was re-elected in his own right in 1853, but was defeated in a bid for a second full term in 1855 by the anti-slavery Salmon P. Chase. He was First Comptroller of the United States Treasury from 1857 to 1861.

## Death

Medill died in Lancaster in 1865, and was interred in Elmwood Cemetery in Lancaster, Ohio. Medill never married. A nephew inherited his property.
# Jack Abraham

Jack Abraham is an American businessperson, serial entrepreneur, investor, and the founding and managing partner of startup studio and investment fund Atomic.

## Career

In 1999, at the age of 13, Abraham began working summers, nights, and weekends at Comscore, a marketing analytics company co-founded by his father Magid Abraham.
In 2004, after working for his father, Abraham enrolled in the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, studying technical entrepreneurship. Three years later, in 2007, Abraham dropped out of Wharton to start, a local product search engine company, Milo.com.
Abraham then went on to be Head of Local at eBay. During his tenure, Abraham led the creation of the news feed for the site as well as "brought an entrepreneurial mindset to eBay."
In 2012, Abraham started Atomic Labs, a San Francisco-based startup studio and venture capital investment firm. With limited partners including Peter Thiel and Marc Andreessen, Atomic started with an initial fund of $20 million and has raised additional funds including $260 million in 2021. Atomic has started dozens of companies, including Zenreach, TalkIQ, Playbook, and Hims & Hers Health. Abraham is also the co-founder of Hims, which achieved a $1B valuation just 15 months after launch, making it the second fastest company to a $1B valuation in history.
In 2020, Abraham moved to Miami and has been credited with spurring others in Silicon Valley tech to move to Miami. Abraham opened an Atomic office in the Wynwood neighborhood's The Annex. The Annex also houses OpenStore, an Atomic-backed company that Abraham co-founded with Founders Fund’s Keith Rabois.
Abraham is also an angel investor in Pinterest, Postmates, Uber, and other companies and ventures. He was named one of the "100 Most Creative People in Business" by FastCompany and has also been named to the Forbes' 30 Under 30 listing twice. Abraham is executive director of the Thiel Fellowship.
# William Bryson (civil engineer)

William Edward Bryson (1823 – 24 June 1903) was a British civil engineer, surveyor and architect who was involved in major railway projects in Ireland, Scotland, the United States, and Australia. He was born in Edinburgh on 1823, educated at the Academy of Design in Dublin, and worked initially in Ireland in the construction of the Dublin and Mullingar Railway, and then in Scotland, on the Dumfries and Glasgow Railway.

## Railway work

Bryson worked on the Midland and Great Western railway lines in Ireland under G. W. Hemans, who was engineer-in-chief. These lines included substantial bridges on the River Shannon, River Suck and an arm of the sea, where Bryson may have gained experience in large bridge designs. He served as resident engineer in 28 miles of the line, which was completed in 1850. With the decline of railway work in Britain, Bryson emigrated to the USA in 1847, where he was involved in the construction of the Hudson River Railway and the LaSalle Street Tunnel in Chicago.
Bryson then journeyed to Australia and commenced work with the newly-formed Victorian Railways Department on the Melbourne to Bendigo railway line. He was responsible for designing most of the large structures on the line including bridges and viaducts under the supervision of George Christian Darbyshire. Captain Andrew Clarke, R. E., Surveyor-General of Victoria was the overall design engineer for the line. Bryson stated to the Select Committee of the Legislative Assembly on Railway Contracts that he had designed most of the large bridges on the line. Clarke clearly influenced the design of the railway in setting the standards for the line. However, this was also a very costly undertaking, which stretched the colonial finances and this approach was later abandoned for more economic light lines in later Australian Railways.
Bryson was described as a Civil and Mechanical Engineer in 1857 when he became a member of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria. He was also a member of the Royal Society of Victoria 1859–60 and employed at the "Government Railway Office". He published "Resources of Victoria & their development" in 1860 in the Royal Society’s Transactions.

## Work after the railways

Bryson was surveyor and engineer for the shires of Boroondara, Goulburn, Nunawading and Oakleigh, and took an interest in defence matters, writing to the papers advising of possible protection measures and holding the position of Acting Lieutenant of the Collingwood Company of Volunteer Rifles. In his retirement, he lived in Toorak Road Camberwell and spent some if his time inventing. He obtained a patent (No 5,436 1859) for "Socketted insulator supports" on 3 November 1894.
Bryson died on 24 June 1903 at 27 Melville-street, Hawthorn, aged 80 years.

## Major works

* Sunbury Viaduct
* Malmsbury Viaduct
* Taradale Viaduct
* LaSalle Street Tunnel
* Saltwater River Rail Bridge over the Maribyrnong River (stone abutments)