OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Granjon

Granjon is an old-style serif typeface designed by George W. Jones around 1924 for the British branch of the Linotype company, and based on the Garamond typeface that was used in a book printed by the Parisian Jean Poupy in 1592. The roman design was from Claude Garamond and the italic version was from Robert Granjon. Because several other Garamonds were on the market in the 1920s, Jones decided to name his type Granjon. Jones, a master printer based in London, had been engaged by Linotype to improve the quality of their typeface range through the development of revivals of notable type designs of the past.
Granjon was popular in the metal type era and Beatrice Warde described it as her favourite revival of French renaissance typefaces in her famous 1926 article on the topic; it was also praised by former Linotype designer Walter Tracy. (Many of the Garamond revivals of the 1920s were later shown to be actually based on the types of Jean Jannon; Granjon was an exception to this. Warde commented "It would seem that Garamond's name, having so long been used on a design he never cut, is now by stern justice left off a face which is undoubtedly his.") Jones developed a companion bold named Bernhard, named for sixteenth-century engraver Bernard Salomon. A longtime popular text type, Granjon's digital version is sometimes criticized as being "anemic" in smaller point sizes.
# NewsVision

NewsVision was the first Singaporean subscription television channel. Owned by Singapore Cable Vision, the channel aired a mix of live and pre-recorded news bulletins from various sources, as well as a repeat of the news from Channel 5. It was eventually replaced by CNN International.

## History

NewsVision, the first of the three SCV channels, launched on 2 April 1992. Initially the channel's schedule consisted of rebroadcasts of CNN International, in a bid it won in December 1991 over BBC World Service Television, due to the technical limitations of the initial service. NewsVision carried eight minutes of advertising per hour, being shared between local ad slots and those from the relays of CNN International.
NewsVision's CNN coverage was supplemented by the ITN World News and simulcasts of the 9pm SBC News bulletin. By July 1993, NewsVision had added content from the NHK, the news bulletin of the recently-launched Australia Television International and its newest addition, a half-hour BBC World Service Television bulletin from Monday to Saturday.
SBC 5 aired a commercial for NewsVision on 5 October 1993 during the news, where a boxing glove repeatedly punched a television screen to reveal the names of the partners (CNNI, ITN, BBC, NHK, ATVI). The commercial announced that Singaporeans now had access to 24-hour news coverage, which SBC saw as a challenge to its operation. By January 1995, it had added programmes from Asia Business News.
It is unknown when exactly did NewsVision shut down; the launch of SCV's full cable service in June 1995 provided 24-hour access to its partner channels (ABN, NHK, BBC World, CNN International).
# Misfeasance in public office

Misfeasance in public office is a cause of action in the civil courts of England and Wales and certain Commonwealth countries. It is an action against the holder of a public office, alleging in essence that the office-holder has misused or abused their power. The tort can be traced back to 1703 when Chief Justice Sir John Holt decided that a landowner could sue a police constable who deprived him of his right to vote (Ashby v White). The tort was revived in 1985 when it was used so that French turkey producers could sue the Ministry of Agriculture over a dispute that harmed their sales.
Generally, a civil defendant will be liable for misfeasance if the defendant owed a duty of care toward the plaintiff, the defendant breached that duty of care by improperly performing a legal act, and the improper performance resulted in harm to the plaintiff.
In theory, misfeasance is distinct from nonfeasance. Nonfeasance is a failure to act that results in harm to another party. Misfeasance, by contrast, is some affirmative act that, though legal, causes harm. In practice, the distinction is confusing and uninstructive. Courts often have difficulty determining whether harm resulted from a failure to act or from an act that was improperly performed.

## Grounds

In most cases, the essentials to bring an action of misfeasance in public office are that the office-holder acted illegally, knew they were doing so, and knew or should reasonably have known that third parties would suffer loss as a result.

## BCCI

As a civil law action, the use of misfeasance of public office has grown in recent years, the law having been clarified in the litigation involving the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International. The ruling clarified that there are two types of misfeasance in public office. One known as "targeted malice" occurs when a public officer intentionally abuses their position with the motive of inflicting damage upon the claimant. The second is termed "untargeted malice"; this is committed by a public official who acts in a generalized way, knowing that they are not legally empowered to do the act complained of.
   If misfeasance in public office did not tenuously exist as an historical survival, it is doubtful whether anyone would invent it, at least in the form of a tort.

## Railtrack

In July 2005, 49,500 private shareholders of Britain's national railway infrastructure company Railtrack sued the Secretary of State for Transport for damages, alleging that in October 2001 the then holder of that office, Stephen Byers MP, had acted unlawfully in planning to put their company into administration on the grounds that it was insolvent. The legal action failed because – as an action involving reflective loss – the shareholders had to prove, in addition to the grounds specified above, malice on the part of Byers. They did not have the evidence to do so.
# Madame de Staël as Corinne at Cape Miseno

Madame de Staël as Corinne at Cape Miseno is a painting of Germaine de Staël by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun in the collection of the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, in Geneva. The work was completed between 1807 and 1809. The painting was commissioned by de Staël, who requested a painting showing the character Corinne from her novel Corinne, ou l'Italie. Initially, de Staël proposed that another person model for the role of Corinne; it is not known whether she or Le Brun decided that de Staël should pose for the work.$^{:259–60}$

## Background and description

Known as Marie Antoinette's favored painter, Vigée-Lebrun fled Paris during the Revolution and spent her career between Italy, London, and Saint Petersburg. In the painting, Germaine de Staël is depicted in classical attire, embodying the role of Corinne, the protagonist of her novel Corinne, ou l'Italie. Vigée-Lebrun captures Corinne's strength and grace as a poet and passionate romantic, simultaneously honoring de Staël as a writer, philosopher, and a symbol of female independence. Celebrated for her Parisian salon, de Staël remained a vocal critic of the societal limitations imposed on women.
# Sanda Thudhamma

Sanda Thudhamma Raza (Arakanese: စန္ဒသုဓမ္မရာဇာ, February 1637 - 20 December 1684) was 24th king of the Mrauk U Kingdom. He reigned from 1652 to 1674. He lost the control of Chittagong during his reign and last king to ruled over powerful Mrauk-U Kingdom.
The king built and constructed five prominent pagodas of Mrauk-U which still stood today. After his death in 1684, the kingdom fell into dismantled state which internal struggles of the royal court and subsequents overthrowing of kings became common for the next 100 years till the end of the monarchy came in 1784.
The famous Bengali poet Syed Alaol was the poet in his court. He translated Tohfa at the request of Shrichondro Sudhormo or Sanda Thudhamma.

## Reign

Prince ascended to the throne after death of his father, Thado in 1652.
In 1664, Sanda Thudamma had to cede large amounts of his territories due to an invasion by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. In 1666, another invasion by Shaista Khan captured the port of Chittagong. Chittagong remained a key port throughout Mughal rule.
# Martin Spitznagel

Martin Spitznagel is an American old-time pianist known for his clean and fast stride piano arrangements.
Spitznagel's career began at the age 14, when he won Calliope Media's "Crazy For Ragtime" competition in 1996 and 1997. He took home the grand prize, which was a Yamaha Disklavier Upright Piano, and he has continued to play ragtime and old-time piano music professionally every since.

## Career

Since the beginning of Martin Spitznagel's career in 1997, he has been very successful in the world of professional old-time piano. In 2007, he won the New Rag Contest of the World Championship Old-Time Piano Playing Contest for his composition entitled: "The Red Elephant Rag." In 2010, he won the Scott Joplin Composition Contest for his original composition, "The Train Town Rag," in honor of the town of Sedalia, Missouri. In 2011, he won the Regular Division and again New Rag Contest of the World Championship Old-Time Piano Playing Contest in Peoria, Illinois. He won the New Rag Contest of the World Championship Old-Time Piano Playing Contest for his original composition, "The Smoky Rose." In 2017, he once again won the New Rag Contest of the World Championship Old-Time Piano Playing Contest for his original piece, "Dreams of Irene." In 2021, he won the composition contest "To The Max," in honor of renowned ragtime pianist Max Morath. In addition to all of these awards, he has played with many popular ragtime pianists including: Brian Holland, Adam Swanson, and many more.

## Albums

| Album | Artist(s) | Year | Notes |
| Tricky Fingers | Martin Spitznagel | 2007 | |
| Star Wars: Cantina Band in Ragtime | Martin Spitznagel and Bryan Wright | 2011 | Single |
| Handful of Keys | Martin Spitznagel | 2011 | |
| Three's Company | Martin Spitznagel, Brian Holland, and Danny Coots | 2014 | |
| Friend Like Me | Martin Spitznagel and Bryan Wright | 2014 | Single, a Ragtime Cover of "Friend Like Me" from Disney's Aladdin |
| Melt Into You: A Ragtime Romance | Martin Spitznagel | 2019 | Single |
| Maple Leaf Rag (Live) | Martin Spitznagel | 2020 | Single, a recording of Spitznagel's performance of the Maple Leaf Rag at the 2011 edition of the World Championship Old-Time Piano Playing Contest |
# 1965 in Thailand

The year 1965 was the 184th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 20th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2508 in the Buddhist Era.

## Incumbents

* King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
* Crown Prince: (vacant)
* Prime Minister: Thanom Kittikachorn
* Supreme Patriarch:
** until 15 May: Ariyavongsagatanana IV
** starting 25 November: Ariyavongsagatanana V

## Events
### July

* 24 July - Miss Thailand Apasra Hongsakula won the crown title of the Miss Universe 1965 held in Miami Beach, Florida, United States.
# Opanara depasoapicata

Opanara depasoapicata is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Charopidae. This species is endemic to French Polynesia.
# Ashford Designer Outlet

The Ashford Designer Outlet is a shopping centre in Ashford, Kent, England.
The McArthurGlen Ashford Designer Outlet was designed by the Richard Rogers Partnership and engineers Buro Happold, and opened in March 2000. There are over 120 designer brands located at the shopping outlet.
On 15 November 2013, the Ashford Designer Outlet confirmed plans to almost double in size. In early 2018, extensive work began to allow new establishments, which was completed in November 2019. In 2020 the biggest European green wall (a wall covered in plants and vegetation) was added to the designer outlet, as part of an overall £90 million expansion to add 100,000 additional square feet of retail space.

## History

In July 1991, the name Ashford Meadows Leisure Park was for a planning document submitted to the Ashford borough council. The mall was designed by Lord Richard Rogers of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, and work began around 1996.
By around 2001, BBC presenter Charlie Dimmock cut the ribbon on the property and it opened to visitors. There was discussion of almost doubling the original 185,000 square feet of retail space in 2013. In September 2015, councilors on the council "voted overwhelmingly" in favor of a planning application to expand the property. Construction began in late 2017. According to KentOnline, the construction shut down Newtown Road for several months, resulting in "controversy," as well as the closure of the original food court.
In May 2019, a new £400,000 playground was opened at the mall, with space for up to 200 children, as part of an overall £90 million expansion to add 100,000 additional square feet of retail space. The full extension opened in November 2019, with new stores including Coach, Sandro, Maje and Karl Lagerfeld. Among various art features, it added a "living wall" installation with plants vertically growing across 25,000 square feet of walls, which the store called the "largest" such wall in Europe.
Non-essential stores re-opened in April 2021. Reported KentOnline, the mall ordinarily saw 10,000 visitors each day, but had been empty for some time due to the coronavirus lockdown.
In February 2021, there was some controversy when McArthurGlen management asked the Ashford city council to "relax planning regulations which currently force the site’s new restaurants to close at 7.30pm." Older existing outlets at the mall were allowed to close at 9pm, with the mall arguing the mall consistently received its lowest ratings for food, and it needed to extend seating and food options for late shoppers. Managers of the nearby town center argued that allowing the mall restaurants to stay open would have "the potential to encourage visitors of the Outlet to remain there rather than going into the town centre during the evening.... No evidence has been submitted to robustly demonstrate there will not be a significant adverse impact on the town centre." President of the Kent Invicta Chamber of Commerce instead argued increased traffic overall would enhance "the offer of Ashford as a town."
# Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford

Humphrey Stafford (c. 1425 – 22 May 1458), generally known by his courtesy title of Earl of Stafford, was the eldest son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville (d. 1480).

## Biography

Humphrey Stafford was born on December 2, 1425, the elder twin brother of Henry. His maternal grandparents were Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland. His maternal uncles included (among others) Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (father of Warwick, the Kingmaker), Robert Neville who was first Bishop of Salisbury and then Bishop of Durham, William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent and Edward Nevill, 3rd Baron Bergavenny. His most prominent maternal aunt was Cecily Neville, wife of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and mother to among others Edward IV of England, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, Richard III of England, Anne, Duchess of Exeter, Elizabeth, Duchess of Suffolk, and Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Other maternal aunts included Eleanor Percy (nee Neville), 2nd Countess of Northumberland, and Katherine Mowbray (nee Neville), 2nd Duchess of Norfolk.
Lord Stafford fought under his father-in-law in support of the House of Lancaster during the First Battle of St Albans. He appears to have been badly wounded at this battle, but eventually died either of his wounds or from the plague, predeceasing his own father in 1458.
Stafford married Lady Margaret Beaufort, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and Lady Eleanor Beauchamp. Humphrey's brother married Margaret's cousin. Lady Margaret was a sister of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (executed 15 May 1464 after the Battle of Hexham) and Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset (executed 6 May 1471 after the Battle of Tewkesbury). Her maternal grandparents were Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and his first wife Elizabeth Berkeley. By her father, she was a niece of Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots and a cousin to Lady Margaret Beaufort (mother of King Henry VII). By her mother, Lady Margaret was a niece of Anne de Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick and as such, a cousin to Isabel, Duchess of Clarence and queen consort Anne Neville.
Lord and Lady Stafford had two sons, Henry Stafford (1455–1483) and Humphrey Stafford. Henry was styled Earl of Stafford on his father's death in 1458 and succeeded his paternal grandfather as Duke of Buckingham following the latter's death at the Battle of Northampton on 10 July 1460.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford :
# Keagan Young

Keagan Young (born 30 July 2001) is a Canadian judoka who competes in the men's 90 kg category and formerly in the 81 kg category. Young was raised and lives in Markham, Ontario, Canada.

## Career
### Junior

At the 2017 World Judo Cadets Championships in Santiago, Chile, Young won the bronze medal in the 66 kg category.
In July 2018, Young won gold at the Pan American Cadet Judo Championships in Cordoba, Argentina and became the world's number one ranked cadet judoka in the 81 kg category. Young won Canada's first medal at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina, a bronze medal in the –81 kg event.

### Senior

In the senior category, Young moved up a weight category to compete in the 90 kg event. At the 2022 Pan American-Oceania Judo Championships in Lima, Peru, Young finished in fifth in the 90 kg category. Young was named to his first national senior multi-sport event team for the 2022 Commonwealth Games in June 2022.
# Samaila Suleiman

Samaila Suleiman (born 3 February 1981) is a Nigerian politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives of Nigeria representing Kaduna North Federal Constituency of Kaduna State from 2015 to 2023. He was elected under the All Progressives Congress platform in March 2015. In March 2022, he resigned from the ruling APC to the Peoples Democratic Party after an interest of Governor Nasir El-Rufai's son, Bello, on his seat in the green chamber.

## Early life and education

Samaila Suleiman was born in Kaduna State, Nigeria, on 3 February 1981 into a Hausa political dynasty. Suleiman is a son of Alhaji Abdu Suleiman who was an elder statesmen and a prominent politician. His father was considered by many as a highly influential person that takes part in most political decisions in Kaduna State.
Suleiman attended Kaduna Capital School where he obtained his primary education from 1988 to 1993 and secondary education from 1994 to 1999. He was admitted into the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, where he obtained a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 2004 and later Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria for a master's degree in International Affairs & Diplomacy from 2008 to 2009.

## Civil career

Having successfully obtained his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 2004, Suleiman moved to work with Kaduna Refinery between 2005 and 2006, and later did a transfer of service to Nigeria LNG from 2007 to 2008, and then Energy Commission of Nigeria from 2009 to 2010 and later resigned to join politics.

## Political career

Suleiman was first elected into the public office as a local government chairman from Kaduna North in Kaduna State under the defunct Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) in 2012. He was the only politician to have won local government election under the CPC having shared the same constituency with the then vice president of Nigeria from the then ruling party People's Democratic Party (PDP).
In 2015, Suleiman was first elected into the House of Representatives of Nigeria. He replaced the immediate past Deputy Minority Whip of the House, Hon. Garba Mohammed Datti to become the 8th National Assembly's 2nd Chairman of the House Committee on Solid Minerals after his rejection of the chairmanship of the committee offered to him by the Speaker Yakubu Dogara's led administration.
# 1967 in Thailand

The year 1967 was the 186th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 22nd year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2510 in the Buddhist Era.

## Incumbents

* King: Bhumibol Adulyadej
* Crown Prince: (vacant)
* Prime Minister: Thanom Kittikachorn
* Supreme Patriarch: Ariyavongsagatanana V

## Events
### June

* 6-29- King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit visits the United States for a second time.

## Births

* 21 June - Yingluck Shinawatra, Former Thai Prime Minister
# Suchorączek

Suchorączek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Więcbork, within Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Więcbork, 10 km (6 mi) south of Sępólno Krajeńskie, and 42 km (26 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.
# Lazarus IV Henckel von Donnersmarck

Count Lazarus IV Henckel von Donnersmarck (23 May 1835 – 18 December 1914) was a German politician and landowner. He was a founding member of the Centre Party and sat in the Prussian House of Representatives from 1870 to 1876 and in the Reichstag from 1884 to 1887.

## Biography

Count Lazarus IV Henckel von Donnersmarck was born on 23 May 1835 in Siemianowitz-Laurahütte to Count Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck and Countess Laurą von Hardenberg. He was a member of the House of Henckel von Donnersmarck, a Silesian noble family.
On 4 August 1858, he married Countess Maria von Schweinitz und Krain, Baroness zu Kauder. They had several children:
* Countess Alice Marie Laura Flora
* Countess Maria Theresa Josefina Wanda
* Count Edwin Hugo Lazarus
Henckel von Donnersmarck managed his 677-acre estate in Romolkwitz and owned shares in the Fideikommiss Beuthen as well as several coal mines. He lived in a palace in Nakło and, in 1892, he funded the construction of the parish church there. He also funded the construction of a church in Alt Tarnowitz and the Camillian monastery. He was Catholic, and was made a Knight of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
He was one of the founders of the Centre Party. From 1870 to 1876, he was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives as a member of the Beuthen constituency and, from 1884 to 1887, he was a member of the German Reichstag for the constituency of Beuthen and Tarnowitz.
He died on 18 December 1914 in Breslau.
# Tobwaan Kiribati Party

The Tobwaan Kiribati Party (English: Embracing Kiribati Party, TKP) is a political party in Kiribati.

## History

The party was established in January 2016 as a merger of the Maurin Kiribati Party and the United Coalition Party. The two parties had won 19 of the 44 elected seats in the House of Assembly in the 2015–16 parliamentary elections, with party member Teatao Teannaki subsequently elected to the Assembly as Speaker of the House of Assembly. It nominated Taneti Mamau as its candidate for the 2016 presidential elections, which Mamau won with around 60% of the vote.
In November 2019, after the switch of diplomatic relations from Taiwan to China, its chairman Banuera Berina founded an opposition party, the Kiribati Moa Party, with 13 MPs. In the April 2020 parliamentary elections the party won 22 of the 44 elected seats in the House of Assembly. The presidential elections in June 2020 saw Maamau re-elected with 59% of the vote. Maamu was re-elected again in the 2024 presidential elections with 54% of the vote.