OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Festambiente

Festambiente is the national festival of Legambiente, held annually in August in Grosseto, Italy.
Established in 1989, the festival takes place at Legambiente's National Center for Sustainable Development, located in the former ENAOLI Farmhouse in Rispescia, near the entrance to the Maremma Regional Park, about 6 km south of Grosseto. Recognized as a significant environmental event in Europe, Festambiente attracts over 80,000 visitors each year.
The festival features talks, debates, and performances aimed at raising awareness on topics such as healthy eating, environmental and cultural heritage conservation, and the protection of local traditions and cultures. A key highlight of the event is its live music concerts, which close each day of the festival. Artists who performed multiple times at Festambiente include Francesco De Gregori, Vinicio Capossela, Elio e le Storie Tese, Daniele Silvestri, Edoardo Bennato, Alborosie, Quartiere Coffee, Modena City Ramblers, Bandabardò, Caparezza, Roy Paci, Max Gazzè, and Afterhours.
# Jet d'Eau

The Jet d'Eau (French pronunciation:, Water-Jet) is a large fountain in Geneva, Switzerland and is one of the city's most famous landmarks, being featured on the city's official tourism web site and on the official logo for Geneva's hosting of group stage matches at UEFA Euro 2008. Situated where Lake Geneva exits as the Rhône, it is visible throughout the city and from the air, even when flying over Geneva at an altitude of ten kilometres (33,000 ft).
Five hundred litres (130 US gal) of water per second are jetted to an altitude of 140 metres (460 ft) by two 500 kW pumps, operating at 2,400 V, consuming one megawatt of electricity and costing 510,000 CHF per year. The water leaves the ten-centimetre (4 in) nozzle at a speed of 200 km/h (55 m/s). At any given moment, there are about 7,000 L (1,800 US gal) of water in the air. Unsuspecting visitors to the fountain—which can be reached via a stone jetty from the left bank of the lake—may be surprised to find themselves drenched after a slight change in wind direction.

## History

The first Jet d'Eau was installed in 1886 at the Usine de la Coulouvrenière, a little further downstream from its present location. It was used as a safety valve for a hydraulic power network and could reach a height of about 30 metres (100 ft). In 1891, its aesthetic value was recognised and it was moved to its present location to celebrate the Federal Gymnastics Festival and the 600th anniversary of the Swiss Confederation, when it was operated for the first time. Its maximum height was about 90 metres (300 ft). The present Jet d'Eau was installed in 1951 in a partially submerged pumping station to pump lake water instead of city water.
Since 2003, the fountain has operated during the day all year round, except in case of frost or particularly strong wind. It also operates in the evenings between spring and autumn, when it is lit by a set of 21 lights consuming 9 kW.
On 25 August 2016, the fountain celebrated its 125th anniversary at its present location. Between 30 March and 11 June 2020, the jet was shut off while the city was under public health measures due to COVID-19.
The Jet d'Eau featured in the titles and cut scenes of the late 1960s British television series The Champions.

## Images

* Aerial view in 1937, before the contemporary Jet d'Eau, photographed by Walter Mittelholzer
* Aerial view in 1954
* Jet d'Eau with blue light in 2007
* In 2019 with rainbow effect
* Aerial view in 2020
# Łukasz Szczurek

Łukasz Szczurek (born 1 April 1988 in Sanok, Poland) is a Polish biathlete. He competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics for Poland.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

0 medals
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay |
| 2010 Vancouver | 59th | 85th | — | — | — | — |
| 2014 Sochi | 50th | 77th | — | — | 19th | 12th |
*The mixed relay was added as an event in 2014.

### World Championships

0 medals
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay | Single mixed relay |
| 2008 Östersund | — | — | — | — | 17th | — | — |
| 2009 Pyeongchang | — | — | — | — | 13th | — | — |
| 2011 Khanty-Mansiysk | 72nd | 93rd | — | — | 21st | — | — |
| 2012 Ruhpolding | 79th | 85th | — | — | 22nd | — | — |
| 2013 Nové Město | 41st | 84th | — | — | 27th | 10th | — |
| 2015 Kontiolahti | 46th | 63rd | — | — | 20th | 14th | — |
| 2016 Oslo | 78th | 76th | — | — | 21st | 20th | — |
| 2017 Hochfilzen | 57th | 72nd | — | — | 24th | 23rd | — |
| 2019 Östersund | 50th | 70th | — | — | 16th | 9th | — |
| 2020 Rasen-Antholz | 37th | 61st | — | — | 16th | 17th | — |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
    **The single mixed relay was added as an event in 2019.
# Bamra State

Bamra State or Bamanda State, covering an area of 5,149 km$^2$, was one of the princely states of India during the British Raj. Its capital was in Debagarh (Deogarh). Bamra State acceded to India in 1948.
The state was located in a hilly area between the Mahanadi valley and the Chhota Nagpur Plateau. Most of its territory was forest, producing timber and lac but said to be rich in iron ore. The most important river was the Brahmani River. The state was one of the five Orissa Tributary States which were transferred from the Central Provinces to Bengal on the reconstitution of that province in October 1905. The capital is situated at Deogarh.

## History

As per the documents preserved by the courts and legends of the historical events, the first ruler of the Bamra state Saraju Gangadeb was the son of the local Eastern Ganga dynasty administrator of Patna region Hattahamir Deb, who was the son of Eastern Ganga ruler Bhanudeva II. Hattahamir Deb was overthrown in 1360 CE by Ramai Deva of the Chauhan dynasty who led the foundation of Patna state, while the tribal chieftains installed Saraju Gangadeb as the ruler in Tikilipada near Kuchinda and later the capital was shifted to Deogarh. This laid the foundation of the Bamanda branch of the Eastern Ganga dynasty.
The Bengal-Nagpur Railway passed through the northeastern part of Bamra, with two stations in the state: Bamra Road and Garpos. The state was under the political control of the Commissioner of the Chhattisgarh Division of the Central Provinces until 1905, under the Bengal Presidency until 1912, under the Bihar and Orissa Province until 1936 and under Orissa Province until it ceased to be a princely state. On 1 January 1948 Bamra's last princely ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union.

## Rulers

The rulers from the Bamanda branch of the Eastern Ganga dynasty:
* Saraju Gangadeb (1360 CE)
* Raj Narayan Deb
* Jagannath Deb
* Gangadhara Deb
* Jag Jyesthi Tribhuban Deb
* Rudranarayan Deb
* Kanphoda Sudhal Deb
* Raghunath Deb
* Kasturi Deb
* Ram Chandra Deb (1545–1578)
* Bikram Deb (1578–1625)
* Haru Deb (1625–1641)
* Chandra Sekhar (1641–1673)
* Bhagirath Deb (1673–1713)
* Pratap Deb (1713–1745)
* Sidasar Deb (1745–1779)
* Arjun Deb (1779–1819)
* Balunkabrusabha Deb (1819–1832)
* Khageswar Deb (1832)
* Brajasundar Deb (1832 – 12 May 1869)
* Basudeb Sudhal Deb (12 May 1869 – 19 November 1903)
* Satchitananda Tribhuban Deb (19 November 1903 – 11 March 1916)
* Dibyashankar Sudhal Deb (11 March 1916 – 1 January 1920)
* Bhanuganga Tribhuban Deb (1 January 1920 – 1 January 1948)

### Titular

* Bhanuganga Tribhuban Deb (1 January 1948 – 1982)
* Pradipta Ganga Deb (1982–1997)
* Nitesh Ganga Deb (1997–present)
# Janusz Patrzykont

Janusz Stanisław Patrzykont (9 May 1912 in Golina – 9 December 1982 in Poznań) was a Polish basketball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
He was part of the Polish basketball team, which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played three matches.
# Palmierowo

Palmierowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kcynia, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Kcynia, 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Nakło nad Notecią, and 41 km (25 mi) south-west of Bydgoszcz.
# Pamiętowo

Pamiętowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kęsowo, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Kęsowo, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Tuchola, and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.
# Papowo Toruńskie

Papowo Toruńskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łysomice, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Toruń.
# The River at Green Knowe

The River at Green Knowe is a 1959 children's novel written by Lucy M. Boston and illustrated by Peter Boston. It is part of the Green Knowe series, and is the third published in the sequence.

## Plot

Mrs. Oldknow and Tolly do not appear in The River at Green Knowe. It is summertime and Green Knowe has been let to two women, the archaeologist Doctor Maud Biggin and her friend, Miss Sybilla Bun. Doctor Biggin has invited her great-niece Ida and two "displaced" refugee children, Oskar and Ping, to stay with them at Green Knowe.
The children arrive and begin to explore the river and canals round Green Knowe by canoe. Unlike the previous two books, this book centres on the river which flows past the manor, and adjacent islands. The children's adventures here are based in their current time, though strongly fantasy-based; they meet a bus driver who's retreated from modern money-based society, see flying horses, meet a giant, and witness a Bronze Age moon ceremony. The subtext, of homeless children being protected and healed by the house and its enchantments, is particularly strong.

## Characters

* Ping - The quietest of the children.
* Ida - the leader of the children
* Oskar - oldest of the children
* Terak - the friendly giant
# Piaseczno, Sępólno County

Piaseczno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sępólno Krajeńskie, within Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of Sępólno Krajeńskie and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.
# NGC 2890

NGC 2890 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Hydra. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 5455 ± 37 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 80.45 ± 5.67 Mpc (~263 million light-years). It was discovered by American astronomer Francis Leavenworth on 11 January 1886.
The SIMBAD database lists NGC 2890 as a Seyfert II Galaxy, i.e. it has a quasar-like nuclei with very high surface brightnesses whose spectra reveal strong, high-ionisation emission lines, but unlike quasars, the host galaxy is clearly detectable.
One supernova has been observed in NGC 2890: SN 2023xnl (type Ia, mag 17.4931) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 11 November 2023.
# NGC 2927

NGC 2927 is a large barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Leo. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 7830 ± 20 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 115.49 ± 8.09 Mpc (~377 million light-years). In addition, three non-redshift measurements give a distance of 120.667 ± 0.882 (~394 million light-years). The galaxy was discovered by German astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on 21 February 1863.
The SIMBAD database lists NGC 2927 as a radio galaxy, i.e. it has giant regions of radio emission extending well beyond its visible structure.
One supernova has been observed in NGC 2927: SN 2023uvg (type Ic, mag. 18.7389) was discovered by the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) on 13 October 2023.
NGC 2927 forms a pair of galaxies with NGC 2929.
# Piecewo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Piecewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jabłonowo Pomorskie, within Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Hypertext (semiotics)

Hypertext, in semiotics, is a text which alludes to, derives from, or relates to an earlier work or hypotext (a subsequent of a hypotext).
For example, James Joyce's Ulysses could be regarded as one of the many hypertexts deriving from Homer's Odyssey; Angela Carter's "The Tiger's Bride" can be considered a hypertext which relates to an earlier work, or hypotext, the original fairy-story Beauty and the Beast. Hypertexts may take a variety of forms including imitation, parody, and pastiche.
The word was defined by the French theorist Gérard Genette as follows: "Hypertextuality refers to any relationship uniting a text B (which I shall call the hypertext) to an earlier text A (I shall, of course, call it the hypotext), upon which it is grafted in a manner that is not that of commentary." So, a hypertext derives from hypotext(s) through a process which Genette calls transformation, in which text B "evokes" text A without necessarily mentioning it directly ".
Note that this technical use of the word in semiotics differs from its use in the field of computing, although the two are related. Liestøl's study of Genette's narratological model and hyperfiction considers how they are related and suggests that hyperfiction narratives have four levels:
* 1. Discourse as discoursed;
* 2. Discourse as stored;
* 3. Story as discoursed;
* 4. Stories as stored (potential story lines).
# Steve Holcombe

Steve Holcombe (born 16 May 1994) is a British professional Enduro racer. Nine time World FIM EnduroGP Champion, four time Enduro GP overall champ 2017, 2018, 2020 & 2023, three time Enduro 3 (E3) champion 2016, 2018 & 2019 and two time Enduro 2 (E2) champ 2020 & 2023. He rides for Factory Beta. He and fellow Brit Brad Freeman are currently dominating the Enduro World Championship having swept the 2020 EnduroGP, Enduro2 and Enduro3 world titles.
# Tadeusz Jankowski

Tadeusz Jankowski (20 April 1930 – 24 May 2022) was a Polish cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 15 kilometre event at the 1964 Winter Olympics.
He died in Zakopane on 24 May 2022, at the age of 92.
# Boos

Boos or BOOS may refer to:..

## Places
### France

* Boos, Seine-Maritime, in Seine-Maritime, France
* Boos, Landes, in Landes, France

### Germany

* Boos, Bavaria, in Bavaria, Germany
* Boos, Bad Kreuznach, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
* Boos, Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
* Boos-Waldeck Castle, the residence for the Family Boos from 1150 to 1833

## Other uses

* Boos (surname)
* Booing
* BOOS (Dutch show)
# 2024 Chicago Men's Challenger – Doubles

Miķelis Lībietis and Skander Mansouri were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Luke Saville and Li Tu won the title after defeating Mac Kiger and Benjamin Sigouin 6–4, 3–6, [10–3] in the final.

## Seeds

* Finn Reynolds / Matías Soto (first round)
* Patrick Harper / Calum Puttergill (quarterfinals)
* Mac Kiger / Benjamin Sigouin (final)
* Trey Hilderbrand / Alex Lawson (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | F Reynolds M Soto | 3 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Broom J Fearnley | 6 | 3 | [10] | | C Broom J Fearnley | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Atmane A Géa | | | | | R Noguchi A Taylor | 2 | 6$^1$ | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Noguchi A Taylor | w/o | | | | | | | | | C Broom J Fearnley | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | |
| 3 | M Kiger B Sigouin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | M Kiger B Sigouin | 2 | 6 | [12] | | | | | |
| | C Chidekh L Sanchez | 2 | 3 | | 3 | M Kiger B Sigouin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Trotter Y Uchiyama | w/o | | | | J Trotter Y Uchiyama | 0 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Andrade C Wong | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | M Kiger B Sigouin | 4 | 6 | [3] |
| | S-c Hong K Stevenson | 6$^4$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | L Saville L Tu | 6 | 3 | [10] |
| WC | O Baris N Basavareddy | 7$^7$ | 6 | | WC | O Baris N Basavareddy | 3 | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | S Kirchheimer Quinn Vandecasteele | 7$^7$ | 3 | [5] | 4 | T Hilderbrand A Lawson | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | T Hilderbrand A Lawson | 6$^5$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | | 4 | T Hilderbrand A Lawson | 6 | 6$^6$ | [7] | | | | | |
| | L Saville L Tu | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | L Saville L Tu | 4 | 7$^8$ | [10] | | | | | |
| | N Mejía A Urrea | 4 | 5 | | | L Saville L Tu | 4 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Uchida T-l Wu | 5 | 3 | | 2 | P Harper C Puttergill | 6 | 5 | [2] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | P Harper C Puttergill | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2024 Dobrich Challenger – Doubles

This was the first edition of the tournament.
Alexander Merino and Christoph Negritu won the title after defeating Victor Vlad Cornea and Ergi Kırkın 6–4, 6–2 in the final.

## Seeds

* Luís Britto / Alexander Donski (semifinals)
* David Pichler / Matěj Vocel (quarterfinals)
* Victor Vlad Cornea / Ergi Kırkın (final)
* Hady Habib / Bogdan Pavel (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | L Britto A Donski | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Viktor Kirov Marcel Zieliński | 1 | 1 | | 1 | L Britto A Donski | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Luciano Emanuel Ambrogi M Safwat | 3 | 5 | | | M Echargui J Sels | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Echargui J Sels | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | 1 | L Britto A Donski | 3 | 1 | | | | | |
| 3 | V Cornea E Kırkın | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | V Cornea E Kırkın | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | V Aboian Luka Pavlovic | 6$^3$ | 3 | | 3 | V Cornea E Kırkın | 7$^8$ | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | Carlos López Montagud N Sánchez Izquierdo | 7 | 7$^7$ | | | C López Montagud N Sánchez Izquierdo | 6$^6$ | 6 | [3] | | | | | | | | | |
| | Y Milev P Nesterov | 5 | 6$^4$ | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | V Cornea E Kırkın | 4 | 2 |
| WC | Dinko Dinev Nikolay Nedelchev | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | A Merino C Negritu | 6 | 6 |
| | G Debru A Géa | 4 | 2 | | WC | D Dinev N Nedelchev | 7$^8$ | 4 | [8] | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Merino C Negritu | 6 | 6 | | | A Merino C Negritu | 6$^6$ | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | H Habib B Pavel | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | A Merino C Negritu | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | |
| | Y Oliel R Strombachs | 6$^4$ | 6 | [7] | | | | | | | A Genov V Orlov | 2 | 6 | [7] | | | | |
| | Anthony Genov V Orlov | 7$^7$ | 3 | [10] | | A Genov V Orlov | 6 | 6$^5$ | [22] | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | Thiago Cigarrán GA Olivieri | 6$^5$ | 4 | | 2 | D Pichler M Vocel | 3 | 7$^7$ | [20] | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | D Pichler Matěj Vocel | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# 2024 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois – Doubles

Dan Added and Grégoire Jacq were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Benjamin and Courtney John Lock won the title after defeating Corentin Denolly and Arthur Géa 1–6, 6–3, [10–4] in the final.

## Seeds

* Thomas Fancutt / Rubin Statham (quarterfinals)
* Kelsey Stevenson / Adam Taylor (first round)
* Siddhant Banthia / Divij Sharan (quarterfinals)
* Rémy Bertola / Michael Geerts (quarterfinals, withdrew)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | T Fancutt R Statham | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Z Babić Gabriel Roveri Sidney | 4 | 1 | | 1 | T Fancutt R Statham | 6$^7$ | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | Jiří Barnat Filip Duda | 4 | 6 | [10] | | J Barnat F Duda | 7$^9$ | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | M Echargui Federico Iannaccone | 6 | 3 | [7] | | | | | J Barnat F Duda | 3 | 4 | | | | | |
| 4 | R Bertola M Geerts | 6 | 6 | | | | | | C Denolly A Géa | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | A Merino C Negritu | 4 | 4 | | 4 | R Bertola M Geerts | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | D Istomin A Kachmazov | | | | | C Denolly A Géa | w/o | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Denolly A Géa | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | C Denolly A Géa | 6 | 3 | [4] |
| | B Lock CJ Lock | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | B Lock CJ Lock | 1 | 6 | [10] |
| | Anthony Genov Bruno Pujol Navarro | 3 | 4 | | | B Lock CJ Lock | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | James Davis James MacKinlay | 4 | 2 | | 3 | S Banthia D Sharan | 6$^4$ | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | S Banthia D Sharan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | B Lock CJ Lock | 6 | 6$^6$ | [11] | | | | |
| | B Bayldon Mats Hermans | 3 | 2 | | | | | | L Potenza T Whiting | 4 | 7$^8$ | [9] | | | | |
| WC | G Debru Paul Inchauspé | 6 | 6 | | WC | G Debru P Inchauspé | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | Luca Potenza Tennyson Whiting | 6 | 6 | | | L Potenza T Whiting | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | K Stevenson A Taylor | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Rio Algom

Rio Algom Limited is a Canadian mining company that has existed since 1960. The company was founded by Rio Tinto through the merger of its four Canadian uranium mining operations: Algom Uranium Mines Limited, Milliken Lake Uranium Mines Limited, Northspan Uranium Mines Limited, and Pronto Uranium Mines Limited. In October 2000, Rio Algom was acquired outright by Billiton plc of London, which a year later merged with the Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) of Sydney. Rio Algom has remained a wholly-owned subsidiary of BHP since 2001.

## Uranium

It operated many uranium mines and mills in the Elliot Lake region of Ontario, Canada, including the Lacnor Mine, Nordic Mine, Panel Mine, Pronto Mine, Quirke Mine, Milliken Mine, Stanleigh Mine, and the Spanish-American Mine. These operated from the 1950s to the 1990s.
It got ownership of a uranium mill in the Ambrosia Lake region of New Mexico when it purchased the Quivira Mining Corporation from Kerr-McGee in 1989. The mill had only been active from 1958-1985. However from 1989-2002 it produced uranium from recovered mine-water.
The 2017 performance of Rio Algom, who own nine decommissioned uranium mines at Elliot Lake, was described as "below expectations" by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. The commission reported radium releases above limits at the Stanleigh effluent treatment plant, prompting engineering work plus increased site monitoring by Rio Algom.

## Mergers and acquisitions

Rio Algom bought the Quivira Mining Corporation (a subsidiary of Kerr-McGee) in 1989.
Rio Algom was bought by Billiton in 2000.