# Constituent Assembly of Pakistan

The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (Bengali: পাকিস্তান গণপরিষদ, romanized: Pākistān Goṇoporishod; Urdu: آئین ساز اسمبلی, romanized: Aāin Sāz Asimblī) was established in August 1947 to frame a constitution for Pakistan. It also served as its first interim parliament. It was dissolved by the Governor-General of Pakistan in 1958.

## First Session

The members were originally elected to the Constituent Assembly of India before they abdicated in the aftermath of the Partition of India. The members were as follows:
| Province | Members |
| East Bengal | Abdullah al Mahmood, Maulana Mohammad Abdullah el Baqui, Abdul Hamid, Abul Kashem Khan, Mohammad Akram Khan, Azizuddin Ahmad, Muhammad Habibullah Bahar, Prem Hari Barma, Raj Kumar Chakraverty, Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya, Abdul Matin Chaudhary, Murtaza Raza Choudhry, Hamidul Haq Chowdhury, Akhay Kumar Das, Dhirendra Nath Datta, Bhupendra Kumar Datta, Ebrahim Khan, A. K. Fazlul Huq, Fazlur Rahman, Ghayasuddin Pathan, Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Liaquat Ali Khan, Mafizuddin Ahmad, Mahmud Hussain, Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar, A. M. Malik, Birat Chandra Mandal, Jogendra Nath Mandal, Mohammad Ali Bogra, Khwaja Nazimuddin, Nur Ahmed, Nurul Amin, Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, Dhananjoy Roy, Maudi Bhakesh Chanda, Serajul Islam, Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Osmani, Khwaja Shahabuddin, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Harendra Kumar Sur, Tamizuddin Khan, Kamini Kumar Dutta, Malik Ghulam Muhammad |
| West Punjab | Mumtaz Daultana, Ganga Saran, Bhim Sen Sachar, Zafarullah Khan, Iftikhar Hussain Khan, Mian Muhammad Iftikharuddin, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Sheikh Karamat Ali, Nazir Ahmad Khan, Sardar Abdur Rab Nistar, Feroz Khan Noon, Omar Hayat Malik, Shah Nawaz Begum Jahan Ara, Sardar Shaukat Hyat Khan, |
| Northwest Frontier Province | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Sardar Bahadur Khan, Sardar Asad Ullah Jan Khan |
| Sindh | Abdus Sattar Abdur Rahman, Muhammad Hashim Gazdar, Muhammad Ayoob Khuhro |
| Balochistan | Nawab Mohammad Khan Jogezai |
Pakistan's Constituent Assembly first convened on August 10, 1947, on the eve of independence and the end of British rule. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was elected as the president of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on the same day and remained its president until his death on September 11, 1948. Subsequently, Liaquat Ali Khan headed it for three years and produced the Objectives Resolution, which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on March 12, 1949, as an annex to Pakistan's constitution. It is important to mention that 21 members out of 69 voted for the Objectives Resolution. The assembly had a majority of Muslim League members, with the Pakistan National Congress, the successor to the INC in the state, forming the second largest party, solely representing Hindus.
The assembly was widely criticised for its incompetence. Addressing a rally in Lahore on October 14, 1950, Syed Abul Ala Maududi, leader of the Jamaat e Islami demanded its dissolution, arguing that the "lampost legislators" were incapable of drawing up an Islamic constitution. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy said that assembly did not possess any of the characteristics of a democratic parliament. He argued that the nation would overlook any unconstitutional action on the governor general's part if he exorcised the fascist demon and established representative institutions. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dissolved on October 24, 1954, by Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad. The dissolution was challenged by the president of the assembly in the notable case of Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, in which the federal court took the side of the governor general, in spite of dissent from one judge. Mohammad Ali Bogra was the Prime Minister of Pakistan at the time.

## Second Session

The second Constituent Assembly was constituted on May 28, 1955.
The members of the 2nd constituent assembly were
| Province | Members |
| East Bengal | Abdul Aleem, Abdul Karim, Muhammad Abdul Khaleque, Abdul Wahab Khan, Abdul Rahman Khan, Abdus Sattar, Abdul Mansur Ahmad, Adeluddin Ahmad, Ataur Rahman Khan, Moulana Athar Ali, Gour Chandra Bala, Canteswar Barman, Abdul Latif Biswas, Hamidul Huq Choudhury, Nurul Huq Choudhury, Yusuf Ali Chowdhury, Akshay Kumar Das, Basanta Kumar Das, A.H. Deldar Ahmed, Bhupendra Kumar Datta, Kamini Kumar Dutta, Farid Ahmad, A. K. Fazlul Huq, Sardar Fazlul Karim, Fazlur Rahman, Peter Paul Gomez, Lutfur Rahman Khan, Mahfuzul Huq, Mahmud Ali, Rasa Raj Mandal, Misbahuddin Hussain, Mohammad Ali Bogra, Moslem Ali Molla, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Muzaffar Ahmed, Nurur Rahman, Sailendra Kumar Sen, Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish, Sheikh Zahiruddin |
| West Punjab | Mian Abdul Bari Arain, Abdul Hamid Khan Soofi, Syed Abid Hussain Shah, Syed Amjad Ali, Sardar Amir Azam Khan, Malik Amir Mohammad Khan, Chaudhuri Aziz Din, Chaudhury Muhammad Hussain Chatha, I.I. Chundrigar, Chaudhury Abdul Hamid Khan Dasti, Mian Mumtaz Muhammad Khan Daultana, Chaudhury Abdul Ghani Ghuman, Cecil Edward Gibbon, Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani, Syed Alamdar Hussain Shah Gilani, Iftikhar Hussain Khan, Mozaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash, Mian Iftikharuddin, Mir Balak Sher Mazari, Syed Mohyuddin Lal Badshah, Malik Feroz Khan Noon |
| Bahawalpur state | Ahmad Nawaz Shah Gardezi, Mian Abdus Salam |
| North West Frontier Province | Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan, Mian Jaffer Shah, Khan Mohammad Jalaluddin Khan, M. R. Kayani |
| Frontier States | Miangul Jahan Zeb |
| Federally Administered Tribal Areas | Malik Jehangir Khan Madda Khel Wazir, Malik Waris Khan Mardinkhel Afridi, Khan Bahadur Haji Malik Mehrdil Khan Muhsud |
| Sindh | Ali Muhammad Rashidi, Haji Moula Baksh Soomro, M.A. Khuhro, Siroomal Kirpaldas, Mir Ghulam Ali Khan Talpur |
| Khairpur (princely state) | Mumtaz Hasan Kizilbash |
| Balochistan | Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan |
| Baluchistan States Union | Nawab Mir Baian Khan Gichki |
| Federal Capital Territory | Yusuf Haroon |
The Muslim League continued to be the largest party in this assembly, whereas the All-Pakistan Awami League led United Front (East Pakistan) replaced the Pakistan National Congress as the main opposition group. The constitution was promulgated on March 23, 1956, making Pakistan an Islamic republic. On October 7, 1958, martial law was imposed on the country by Iskander Mirza, with army chief Ayub Khan appointed as the chief martial law administrator. The new leaders abrogated the constitution, declaring it unworkable.
After coming to power, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto invited the leaders of the parliamentary parties to meet him on October 17, 1972, which led to an agreement known as the 'constitutional accord', which was reached after intensive talks. As per consultations floated by the PPP, the National Assembly of Pakistan appointed a 25-member committee led by Mahmud Ali Kasuri on April 17, 1972, to prepare a draft of a permanent constitution for Pakistan. On October 20, 1972, the draft bill for the constitution was signed by leaders of all parliamentary groups in the National Assembly. A bill to provide a constitution for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was introduced in the assembly on February 2, 1973. The assembly passed the bill nearly unanimously on April 10, 1973, and it was endorsed by the acting President Bhutto on April 12, 1973. The constitution came into effect on August 14, 1973. On the same day, Bhutto took over as the prime minister and Choudhary Fazal-e-Elahi as the president, both for a 5-year term. On July 5, 1977, General Zia staged a military coup, suspended the constitution (which was later restored in 1985), and declared martial law. Similarly, when General Musharraf took over in 1999, the constitution was suspended for several years and the parliament was dissolved.