OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# RIT Capital Partners

RIT Capital Partners plc, formerly Rothschild Investment Trust, is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in quoted securities and quoted special situations. Established in 1961, the company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. Sir James Leigh-Pemberton has been chairman since September 2019.

## History

In 1961, the company was founded, on the initiative of Jacob Rothschild, to serve the English branch of the family Rothschild for investments outside their bank N M Rothschild & Sons: it was named "Rothschild Investment Trust". In 1980, there was a conflict between Jacob Rothschild and Evelyn de Rothschild, then the head of N M Rothschild & Sons. Evelyn de Rothschild withdrew the money invested in the banking house of Rothschild Investment Trust and forbade the company to continue using the name Rothschild. Jacob Rothschild left the Board of N M Rothschild & Sons and took sole control of the Rothschild Investment Trust. In April 1982 the company bought the "Great Northern Investment Trust" and was subsequently renamed "RIT & Northern." In November 1983, Jacob Rothschild merged RIT & Northern into Charterhouse Japhet and took a controlling stake in the combined business which was briefly known as Charterhouse J. Rothschild. Jacob Rothschild then sold the banking business, still known as Charterhouse Japhet, to the Royal Bank of Scotland in 1985. On 25 December 1986, RIT Capital Partners secured a 96-year lease (with an additional 24-year option) of the Spencer House in London. In 1988, Jacob Rothschild transformed the remaining investment business into a publicly traded investment trust with the name "RIT Capital Partners plc."
In 2010, RIT Capital Partner joined the World Gold Council. In May 2012, RIT Capital Partners, led by Jacob Rothschild, bought a 37% share in Rockefeller Financial Services (David Rockefeller). In September 2019, Lord Rothschild stepped down as chairman and director of RIT Capital Partner, but remained president of the investment trust until his death in 2024.

## Operations

RIT Capital Partners has its headquarters in Spencer House, ( St James's, London, England ), one of the last surviving city palaces in London (next door to Bridgewater House, one of the others). Due to the initiative of Lord Rothschild, in 1985 RIT Capital Partners plc purchased a 96-year lease (with an additional 24-year option) of the house and restored the state rooms and garden to their original appearance.

## Notable persons

* Jonathan Kestenbaum, Baron Kestenbaum (born 1959), chief operating officer of investment trust RIT Capital Partners, and a Labour member of the House of Lords
# Sam Hamadeh

Hussam "Sam" Hamadeh (1971 – December 10, 2015) was a media entrepreneur based in New York with business interests in digital media, publishing, and film.
Hamadeh co-founded Vault.com in 1997 with his brother, Samer Hamadeh, and Mark Oldman. and served as the company's President through its successful sale in 2007 to private equity firm VSS, reportedly for nearly $100 million. In 2009, Hamadeh founded PrivCo, which provides data to subscribers on more than 500,000 private companies. Hamadeh was chief executive of PrivCo, and also a frequent commentator on private companies for mass media, until his death in December 2015.
Hamadeh was a graduate of UCLA, the University of Pennsylvania Law School with a JD, and the Wharton School of Business with an MBA. He spoke and wrote frequently about entrepreneurship, including serving as the Keynote Speaker at Wharton's Annual Entrepreneurship Conference.
Honors and awards have included Crain's Top Entrepreneur's Award, the Harvard Business School Club's Entrepreneur of the Year Silicon Alley Reporter's "100 Most Important Internet Executives" Deloitte & Touche's 50 Fastest Growing Companies, and the University of Pennsylvania Law School's Young Alumnus of the Year award.
He served as an Executive Producer of films Home Movie starring Adrian Pasdar, and Made For Each Other starring Chris Masterson, Danny Masterson, and Bijou Phillips.
Hamadeh co-hosted a fundraiser for a Democratic congressional candidate with Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey in January 2010.
He died in 2015.
# IBSF European Championships 2025

The 2025 IBSF European Championships will take place from 7 to 9 February 2025 in Lillehammer, Norway.

## Schedule

Six events are planned.
All times are local (UTC+1).
| Date | Time | Events |
| 7 February | 9:00 | Men run 1 & 2 |
| 7 February | 13:00 | Women run 1 & 2 |
| Date | Time | Events |
| 8 February | 9:00 | Women's Monobob run 1 & 2 |
| 8 February | 12:30 | Two-men run 1 & 2 |
| 9 February | 9:00 | Two-women run 1 & 2 |
| 9 February | 13:00 | Four-men run 1 & 2 |

## Medal summary
### Medal table

* Host nation (Norway)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Germany | 4 | 3 | 3 | 10 |
| 2 | Austria | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Great Britain | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Switzerland | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Netherlands | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 6 | 6 | 7 | 19 |

### Skeleton

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Men | Samuel Maier Austria | 1:42.81 | Marcus Wyatt Great Britain | 1:42.82 | Axel Jungk Germany | 1:42.84 |
| Women | Janine Flock Austria | 1:44.13 | Amelia Coltman Great Britain | 1:44.98 | Kimberley Bos Netherlands | 1:45.18 |

### Bobsleigh

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Women's Monobob | Laura Nolte Germany | 1:49.21 | Melanie Hasler Switzerland | 1:49.33 | Lisa Buckwitz Germany | 1:49.36 |
| Two-woman | Germany Laura Nolte Leonie Kluwig | 1:44.40 | Germany Kim Kalicki Leonie Fiebig | 1:44.42 | Germany Lisa Buckwitz Kira Lipperheide | 1:44.70 |
| Two-man | Germany Francesco Friedrich Alexander Schüller | 1:41.15 | Germany Johannes Lochner Georg Fleischhauer | 1:41.29 | Great Britain Brad Hall Taylor Lawrence | 1:41.63 |
| Four-man | Germany Johannes Lochner Florian Bauer Jörn Wenzel Georg Fleischhauer | 1:39.85 | Germany Francesco Friedrich Matthias Sommer Alexander Schüller Felix Straub | 1:39.90 | Great Britain Brad Hall Taylor Lawrence Arran Gulliver Leon Greenwood Switzerland Michael Vogt Gregory Jones Andreas Haas Amadou David Ndiaye | 1:40.05 |
# Vassar, Kansas

Vassar is a census-designated place (CDP) in Osage County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 584. It is located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Lyndon, also about half a mile south of Pomona Lake.

## History

A post office was opened in La Mont's Hill (an extinct town) in 1871, but it was moved to Vassar in 1887. Vassar has ZIP code 66543.
The Missouri Pacific Railroad previously went through Vassar, but it was abandoned, then later it was converted into the Flint Hills Nature Trail.

## Geography
### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Vassar has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
# Shrinking generator

In cryptography, the shrinking generator is a form of pseudorandom number generator intended to be used in a stream cipher. It was published in Crypto 1993 by Don Coppersmith, Hugo Krawczyk and Yishay Mansour.
The shrinking generator uses two linear-feedback shift registers. One, called the A sequence, generates output bits, while the other, called the S sequence, controls their output. Both A and S are clocked; if the S bit is 1, then the A bit is output; if the S bit is 0, the A bit is discarded, nothing is output, and the registers are clocked again. This has the disadvantage that the generator's output rate varies irregularly, and in a way that hints at the state of S; this problem can be overcome by buffering the output. The random sequence generated by LFSR can not guarantee the unpredictability in secure system and various methods have been proposed to improve its randomness
Despite this simplicity, there are currently no known attacks better than exhaustive search when the feedback polynomials are secret. If the feedback polynomials are known, however, the best known attack requires less than A • S bits of output.
A variant is the self-shrinking generator.

## An implementation in Python

This example uses two Galois LFRSs to produce the output pseudorandom bitstream. The Python code can be used to encrypt and decrypt a file or any bytestream.
# Kevin James (cricketer)

Kevin Arthur James (born 9 December 1987) is a Dominican cricketer who has played for the Windward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. He is an all-rounder who bowls right-arm medium pace and bats left-handed.
James appeared for Dominica at the 2008 Stanford 20/20, playing against the British Virgin Islands and Barbados. He made his senior debut for the Windwards in the 2008–09 WICB Cup, a limited-overs competition, and his first-class debut during the 2008–09 Regional Four Day Competition, Against Jamaica in the latter, James scored his only first-class half-century to date, 55 runs from fourth in the batting order. His most recent matches for the Windwards came in the 2010–11 Regional Four Day Competition.
# Art de rue

Art de rue is the second album by the French hip hop group Fonky Family. It was released in March 2001 and received gold certification in France.
Most titles were produced by Pone, as well as by Le Rat Luciano. Among the most prominent titles are: Mystère et suspense (produced from a sample of I Won't Hold You Back by Toto), a piece that evokes the reality of everyday life and the uncertain future of each, Art de rue (produced from a sample of Somebody's Watching Me by Rockwell) and Dans la légende, that evokes the harshness of power.

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| France | 2 |
| Belgium | 2 |
| Switzerland | 26 |
# Dancing with the Stars (Thai TV series)

Dancing with the Stars is a dance competition show airing on BBTV Channel 7 in Thailand. The show is the Thai version of the British television series Strictly Come Dancing and part of the Dancing with the Stars franchise. Sornram Teppitak, Thai actor and Thai pop singer, hosts with co-host Morakot Kittisara, Miss Thailand Universe 2004.

## Cast
### Presenters

Key:
    Current presenter of Dancing with the Stars (Thailand)
    Previous presenter of Dancing with the Stars (Thailand)
| Presenter | Season 1 |
| Presenter | Week 1 | Week 2 - All season |
| Morakot Kittisara | |
| Piyawat Khemtong | | |
| Sornram Teppitak | | |

### Judging panel

Key:
    Current judging panel
    Previous judge(s)
    Guest judge(s)
* Judge
* Tinakorn Asvarak
* Manaswee Kridtanukul
* Amon Chatpaisal

## Season overview

| Season | No. of stars | No. of weeks | Duration dates | Celebrity honor places | Celebrity honor places | Celebrity honor places |
| Season | No. of stars | No. of weeks | Duration dates | Winner | Second place | Third place |
| Season 1 | 7 | 7 | 8 January 2013 – 19 February 2013 | Timethai Plangsilp -Pinklao Naratuk | Fonthip Watcharatrakul-Watcharakorn Suasuebpan | Nicole Teriault-Nattapat Runglaksa |
# Broad View Ranch Historic District

The Broad View Ranch Historic District is a nationally recognized agricultural historic district located northwest of Sheldon, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. At the time of its nomination, it contained 19 resources, which included nine contributing buildings, one contributing site, four contributing structures, and two non-contributing structures.
Charles F. Peters was a native of Prussia who immigrated to the United States in 1868 at 18 years old. He bought his first quarter section of land in Lyon County in 1882, and began a cattle operation. Initially, his cattle grazed freely on unoccupied land, but as the county became more populated, he acquired two more sections. Eventually, his land holdings grew to 1,200 acres (490 ha). He constructed buildings for his operations, including the 1889 main barn, the cattle barn, silo barn, and granary all constructed in 1890. He built his Italianate house in 1896, which has been significantly altered in subsequent years. Other domestic structures included buildings to store coal, ice, and house laying hens. A grove of hardwoods that was planted on the north and west edges of the farmstead forming a wind break is a contributing site. The ranch remains in the Peters family.
# Jesus Christ Superstar (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Billboard | positive (a "Top Album Pick") |
| AllMusic | (1998 reissue) |
The original soundtrack to the 1973 film Jesus Christ Superstar was released in the same year on MCA Records.
Billboard reviewed the soundtrack album and chose it as one of the "Top Album Picks" for the 16 June 1973 issue, writing: "All the powerful songs which have become popular and familiar through the release of the British caster three years ago, are rekindled with verve and zest by the movie cast. [...] Through all this there is one major question: if the first MCA original caster sold so well, who will buy the same music the second time around?"
The album peaked at number 21 on Billboard's Top LPs and Tape chart for the week of September 15, 1973.

## Track listing

2×LP (MCA Records, MCA 2-10000)
# Barbara of Salm

Barbara of Salm (1570–1611), in France called Barbe de Salm, was a German-Roman monarch as Princess Abbess of the Imperial Remiremont Abbey in France.
She was chosen by her predecessor as Coadjutrice in 1579 after pressure from the Duke of Lorraine. When she succeeded to the position in 1580, she was questioned by the canonesses, who elected Huberte de Chastenay instead. The pope, however, ruled in favor of Barbara, who managed to build up a good relationship with the members of the chapter.
# Malia

Malia or Mallia may refer to:

## Places

* Malia (archaeological site), a Minoan/Mycenae archaeological site in Greece
* Malia, Crete, a town on the north coast of Crete
* Malia, Cyprus, a village in southern Cyprus
* Malia, Iran, a village
* Malia, a taluk(a) (administrative division) in Junagadh district, Gujarat, India
* Malia, an ancient name of Cape Agrilia, a cape on the island of Lesbos, Greece

## People
### Historical

* Mallia gens, a plebeian family of ancient Rome

### Surname

* Emmanuel Mallia, a Maltese politician
* Francisco Jesús Pérez Malia or Francis (born 1981), Spanish footballer
* George Mallia (born 1978), a professional Maltese footballer
* Gorg Mallia (born 1957), a Maltese communications academic, author and cartoonist
* Juan Cruz Mallía (born 1996), Argentine rugby union player
* Liz Malia (born 1949), American politician
* Martin Malia (1924–2004), American historian specializing in Russian history
* Mitchell Mallia (born 1992 in New South Wales), an Australian footballer

### Given name

* Malia (American musician), American singer-songwriter
* Malia (singer) (born 1978), Malawian vocalist
* Malia (model) (born 1983), Japanese fashion model
* Malia Baker (born 2006), Canadian actress
* Malia Cohen (born 1977), American politician
* Mallia Franklin (1952–2010), a vocalist with Parliament-Funkadelic
* Malia Hosaka (born 1969), American professional wrestler
* Malia Johnston, New Zealand choreographer and dance director
* Malia Jones (born 1977), American model and surfer
* Malia Jusczyk (2008–2023), American activist
* Malia Manuel (born 1993), American professional surfer
* Malia Scotch Marmo, American screenwriter
* Malia Metella (born 1982), French Olympian swimmer
* Malia Obama (born 1998), daughter of former U.S. President Barack Obama
* Malia Pyles (born 2000), American actress

## Other uses

* Malians (Greek tribe), in Ancient Greece
* Malia (bird), a passerine bird endemic to Sulawesi
* Malia (canoe), a Hawaiian-style wooden racing canoe
* "Malìa" (song), an 1887 song by Paolo Tosti
* Malìa, a 1946 film directed by Giuseppe Amato
* Vergine e di nome Maria, a 1975 Italian film, also titled Malía
* Malta Library and Information Association (MaLIA), a member of the International Federation of Library Associations
# Shen Chong case

The Shen Chong case (Chinese: 沈崇案; pinyin: Shěn Chóng àn; Wade–Giles: Shen$^3$ Ch'ung$^2$ an$^4$), also referred to as the Peiping rape case, was a rape case in 1946 that sparked a nationwide anti-American movement in the Republic of China. It involved United States Marines stationed in China (the "China Marines") raping a Chinese university student in Beiping (now Beijing).

## The case

On Christmas Eve, 1946, US Marine corporal William Gaither Pierson and private Warren T. Pritchard stopped Shen Chong, a Peking University student, on her way home and forced her into the Peiping Polo Field. A mechanic from a nearby repair shop reported the crying girl being dragged into the field, first to his peers, then to the police. The mechanics were driven away by the soldiers when they tried to intervene, even with a policeman accompanying in the second attempt. By the time a senior officer arrived at the scene, Pritchard had already left. Later Pierson was convicted by US Marine Court led by Lieutenant Colonel Paul Fitzgerald for raping her, but the verdict was overturned by the US Department of Navy for insufficient evidence.

## Public anger

Pierson and US consular official Myrl Myres claimed that Shen Chong was a prostitute, and such claim contributed to the public anger. Shen Chong was reportedly from an elite family of Shen Baozhen and Lin Zexu, and was studying in the most prestigious university in China; thus the claim she was a prostitute was viewed as adding insult to injury. Selective reporting in US media and later acquittal of the soldiers added more fuel to then Chinese public rage against American military presence in China.
In February 1947 alone, police arrested thousands of rape case protesters. The government of the Republic of China's action alienated students and intellectuals and pushed them closer to the communists, who played a leading role in the protests.

## Aftermath

Because of the intense publicity, Shen Chong was unable to continue her studies at Peking University. She changed her name to Shen Jun (Chinese: 沈峻; pinyin: Shěn Jùn; Wade–Giles: Shen$^3$ Chün$^4$) and later was admitted to Fudan University in Shanghai. After graduating with a degree in Russian, she worked in Beijing-based Foreign Languages Press for decades. She married the renowned Chinese cartoonist Ding Cong. For most of her life, the public was unaware of the whereabouts of Shen Chong. In an interview with a journalist in 2012, Shen Jun finally revealed that she was Shen Chong; she also refuted a conspiracy theory that she was collaborating with the Communists to provoke an international incident. She stated that she joined the party in 1956, nearly a decade after the incident. Shen died of lung cancer in Beijing on December 11, 2014, aged 87.
William Gaither Pierson died in 2001 and is buried at Temple Sinai Cemetery in Sumter, South Carolina.
# Zakho District

Zakho District (Kurdish: قەزای زاخۆ, romanized: Qezaya Zaxo, Arabic: قضاء زاخو, romanized: qaḍāʾ Zāḫū) is a district in northwestern Dohuk Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The city of Zakho is the administrative center.

## Subdistricts

The district has many sub-districts:
* Zakho
* Ibrahim Khalil or Rizgari
* Darkar
* Hizawa
* Batifa
# Zeniffe Fowler

Zeniffe Fowler (born 8 November 1987) is a Jamaican cricketer. He played in one first-class match for the Jamaican cricket team in 2013.
# Chainsaw Records

Chainsaw Records is an independent record label run by Donna Dresch that is devoted to Queercore bands. The label is in Portland, Oregon. It is not linked to Chainsaw Records, UK.

## History

Chainsaw began life as a zine published by Donna Dresch in the late 1980s. Musicians and writers featured in the zine included Lois Maffeo, Jena von Brücker, Juliana Lueking, Candice Pederson, G.B. Jones and Larrybob. Chainsaw was one of the seminal queercore zines that, along with J.D.s and Homocore, helped define the movement.
"In 1991...Chainsaw developed from a zine into a record label. This began simply enough when she made a compilation cassette of her favourite bands and started to sell these while on tour with Fifth Column", writes Amy Spencer in DIY: The Rise of Lo-Fi Culture. In 1994 Chainsaw began to release LPs and singles, beginning with the release of The Fakes (featuring members of Bikini Kill, The Need and Nation of Ulysses ), the Frumpies and the first Team Dresch LP, Personal Best. This was followed by a co-release with Candy Ass Records, the double LP/CD compilation, Free to Fight. "The label established itself as a vital element of the queercore scene..." says Spencer, as Chainsaw then began to release records by a variety of queer mainly women artists. Of note is the fact that many bands, such as Sleater-Kinney, have been able to put out their initial recordings on the label. As well, the website for Chainsaw, and in particular its message board, have fostered a sense of community and provided a vehicle for expression by queers and music fans.

## Chainsaw artists

* Davies vs. Dresch
* Excuse 17
* The Fakes
* The Frumpies
* Heartless Martin
* Heavens to Betsy
* Infinite Xs
* Kaia
* Longstocking
* The Need
* No. 2
* Show Me the Pink
* Sleater-Kinney
* Team Dresch
* Third Sex
* Tracy and the Plastics
# Mäetaguse, Lääne-Viru County

Mäetaguse is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
# A Dog's Tale

"A Dog's Tale" is a short story written by Mark Twain. It first appeared in the December 1903 issue of Harper's Magazine. In January of the following year it was extracted into a stand-alone pamphlet published for the National Anti-Vivisection Society. Still later in 1904 it was expanded into a book published by Harper & Brothers.

## Plot

The book is told from the standpoint of a poor household pet, a dog self-described by the first sentence of the story: "My father was a St. Bernard, my mother was a collie, but I am a Presbyterian." The story begins with a description of the dog's life as a puppy and her separation from her mother, which to her was inexplicable. Her puppy and her owner's new child were soon added to her new home. When a fire breaks out in the nursery, the dog risks her life to drag the baby to safety. In the process, her motives are misunderstood and she is cruelly beaten by the father of the family with a cane, resulting in her leg getting broken. Soon, however, the truth of the situation is discovered and she receives no end of praise. Later in the story, her puppy dies, killed by the father of the family to prove his opinion on optics to his scientist peers. Only a servant seems to realize the irony of this, exclaiming, "Poor little doggie, you saved HIS child!" In the end, the dog (who does not realize her puppy is dead until her own hour is upon her) pines inconsolable over the grave of the puppy with the clear implication that she will do so until death.
# Temple Rodef Shalom (Falls Church, Virginia)

Temple Rodef Shalom (Hebrew: רודף שלום) is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located at 2100 Westmoreland Street, Falls Church, in Fairfax County, Virginia, in the United States. Founded in 1962, it counts a membership of over 1,800 households and is the largest congregation in Virginia.
In 1963, the Temple hired Laszlo Berkowits as its first rabbi. In 1998, it became one of the largest congregations in the United States to have a female rabbi, when it replaced Berkowits, who had decided to retire, with then-Associate Rabbi Amy Schwartzman as the senior rabbi.
The Temple's rabbis are Jeffrey Saxe, and Alexandra Stein. It hired its first cantor, Michael Shochet, in 1998. Sydney Michaeli is the associate cantor and Carly Levin Santalone is the student cantor.

## Notable members

* Marcus Simon
* Chuck Todd