OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fitzwilton

Fitzwilton is a privately held investment company, today owned by Sir Anthony O'Reilly and his brother in law, Peter Goulandris, through Stoneworth Investment Ltd. It has been involved with many businesses in Ireland.

## History

Fitzwilton has its origin in the management reverse take over of W. & H. M. Goulding Limited whose origins date to 1856 by Fitzwilliam Securities. Fitzwilliam Securities was established by Tony O'Reilly with friends (Ferguson and Leonard) in the 1971. As part of the process W. & H. M. Goulding changed its name to Fitzwilton based on the name of Fitzwilton House which had been developed by Basil Goulding. As a result the official incorporation date of the company dates back to when W. & H. M. Goulding was reincorporated in 1894.
Over the years, the Company has been involved in numerous business activities ranging from textiles, to house construction, to fertiliser manufacturing, to bottling, to oil and gas investments, to supermarkets to light manufacturing. Taken private in the late 1990s in conjunction with his brother-in-law, the company is now involved in light manufacturing, property investments, financial services and architectural signage

### Northern Ireland deal

In June 1997 Fitzwilton signed a joint venture deal with Safeway plc which saw 15 of its Northern Irish Wellworths stores converted to Safeway outlets. The remaining Wellworths stores were sold to the Musgrave Group. Safeway's move into Northern Ireland followed that of J Sainsbury and Tesco; Sainsbury's announced its expansion into the province in 1995 and opened its first store in December 1996, while Tesco opened its first store in October 1996 and purchased Associated British Foods' Stewarts/Crazy Prices group in 1997. Fitzwilton objected to Sainsbury's planning applications on the grounds that authorities had "moved mountains" to allow the company's developments to proceed. Fitzwilton was successful in delaying Sainsbury's Coleraine store, but failed ultimately to prevent the development.

### Taken private

Fitzwilton plc was de-listed from the stock exchange in 1998 when O'Reilly and Goulandris completed their takeover.
In July 2002 Safeway purchased Fitzwilton's 50% share of Safeway Stores (Ireland) for £45 million.

## Till 2019

In 2015 Tony O'Reilly resigned his position as Director of Fitzwilton, a day before he was declared bankrupt in the Bahamas. His son Tony O'Reilly Jr would also step down as a director in early 2017 formaly ending over 45 years of family membership of the board. Fitzwilton's main residual business was Rennicks, a supplier of "road traffic management products", mostly metallic roadsigns but also owns Mobile Traffic Solutions, which sells and rents portable changeable message signs (PCMS) for which it holds exclusive marketing rights for Ireland and the UK. In 2017 the Rennicks underwent a Management buyout supported by Renatus Capital Partners, at which Fitzwilton ceased to have any operating companies.
# Coleophora thiophaea

Coleophora thiophaea is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in south-eastern India (Dindigul, Tamil Nadu).
It's wingspan is about 11 mm.
# Yeshivat Otniel

Yeshivat Otniel is a hesder yeshiva located in Otniel, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. It is co-headed by the Rabbis Benni Kalmanzon and Re'em Ha'Cohen, who also serves as the settlement's rabbi.
It began in 1987 as a kollel run by Rabbis Ami Ulami (killed by terrorists in 1994) and Kalmanzon. Over the next few years, it grew to be a full hesder yeshiva. Rabbi Re'em Ha'Cohen joined the yeshiva in 1993. It adheres to a Religious Zionism ("Dati Leumi") philosophy, with a strong emphasis on Hasidic thought and an encouragement of artistic expression.
On December 27, 2002, two Islamic Jihad terrorists infiltrated the yeshiva's dining room and killed four of the yeshiva's students.
On January 17, 2016, a Palestinian Terrorist infiltrated the settlement and stabbed Dafne Meir, a woman living in the settlement, to death in her home leaving her six children behind.
Today, Yeshivat Otniel is one of the largest hesder yeshivas, with roughly 350 students.

## Notable faculty

Rabbi Dr. Yakov Nagen - Author of multiple works on philosophy and Talmud, an interfaith activist, and the Director of the Blickle Institute for Interfaith Dialogue and the Beit Midrash for Judaism and Humanity.

## Notable alumni

Amichai Chasson - Israeli poet, author, journalist, film director, screenwriter, and artistic director.
Arnon Segal - Israeli journalist and Temple Mount activist.
Naftali Abramson - Jewish folk-rock musician and mental health therapist.
Ofer Hadad - Israeli journalist
Yehuda Glick - Member of the 20th Knesset on behalf of the Likud Party.
# Particle displacement

Particle displacement or displacement amplitude is a measurement of distance of the movement of a sound particle from its equilibrium position in a medium as it transmits a sound wave.
The SI unit of particle displacement is the metre (m). In most cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure (such as sound), but it can also be a transverse wave, such as the vibration of a taut string. In the case of a sound wave travelling through air, the particle displacement is evident in the oscillations of air molecules with, and against, the direction in which the sound wave is travelling.
A particle of the medium undergoes displacement according to the particle velocity of the sound wave traveling through the medium, while the sound wave itself moves at the speed of sound, equal to 343 m/s in air at 20 °C.

## Mathematical definition

Particle displacement, denoted δ, is given by
    $\mathbf {\delta } =\int _{t}\mathbf {v} \,\mathrm {d} t$
where v is the particle velocity.

## Progressive sine waves

The particle displacement of a progressive sine wave is given by
    $\delta (\mathbf {r} ,\,t)=\delta \sin(\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t+\varphi _{\delta ,0}),$
where
* $\delta$ is the amplitude of the particle displacement;
* $\varphi _{\delta ,0}$ is the phase shift of the particle displacement;
* $\mathbf {k}$ is the angular wavevector;
* $\omega$ is the angular frequency.
It follows that the particle velocity and the sound pressure along the direction of propagation of the sound wave x are given by
    $v(\mathbf {r} ,\,t)={\frac {\partial \delta (\mathbf {r} ,\,t)}{\partial t}}=\omega \delta \cos \!\left(\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t+\varphi _{\delta ,0}+{\frac {\pi }{2}}\right)=v\cos(\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t+\varphi _{v,0}),$
    $p(\mathbf {r} ,\,t)=-\rho c^{2}{\frac {\partial \delta (\mathbf {r} ,\,t)}{\partial x}}=\rho c^{2}k_{x}\delta \cos \!\left(\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t+\varphi _{\delta ,0}+{\frac {\pi }{2}}\right)=p\cos(\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t+\varphi _{p,0}),$
where
* $v$ is the amplitude of the particle velocity;
* $\varphi _{v,0}$ is the phase shift of the particle velocity;
* $p$ is the amplitude of the acoustic pressure;
* $\varphi _{p,0}$ is the phase shift of the acoustic pressure.
Taking the Laplace transforms of v and p with respect to time yields
    ${\hat {v}}(\mathbf {r} ,\,s)=v{\frac {s\cos \varphi _{v,0}-\omega \sin \varphi _{v,0}}{s^{2}+\omega ^{2}}},$
    ${\hat {p}}(\mathbf {r} ,\,s)=p{\frac {s\cos \varphi _{p,0}-\omega \sin \varphi _{p,0}}{s^{2}+\omega ^{2}}}.$
Since $\varphi _{v,0}=\varphi _{p,0}$, the amplitude of the specific acoustic impedance is given by
    $z(\mathbf {r} ,\,s)=|z(\mathbf {r} ,\,s)|=\left|{\frac {{\hat {p}}(\mathbf {r} ,\,s)}{{\hat {v}}(\mathbf {r} ,\,s)}}\right|={\frac {p}{v}}={\frac {\rho c^{2}k_{x}}{\omega }}.$
Consequently, the amplitude of the particle displacement is related to those of the particle velocity and the sound pressure by
    $\delta ={\frac {v}{\omega }},$
    $\delta ={\frac {p}{\omega z(\mathbf {r} ,\,s)}}.$
# Fulcrum

A fulcrum (pl.: fulcra or fulcrums) is the support about which a lever pivots.
Fulcrum may also refer to:

## Companies and organizations

* Fulcrum (Anglican think tank), a Church of England think tank
* Fulcrum Press, a British publisher of poetry
* Fulcrum Wheels, a bicycle wheel manufacturer in Italy
* The Fulcrum, an American news site

## Entertainment

* Fulcrum (annual), a United States literary periodical
* Fulcrum (Chuck), the enemy spy organization on the TV series Chuck
* Fulcrum (newspaper), a student newspaper at the University of Ottawa
* Fulcrum (sculpture), a 1987 sculpture in London by Richard Serra
* The Fulcrum (comics), a supreme being in the Marvel Comics universe
* Ahsoka Tano, a character in the animated series Star Wars Rebels who uses the alias Fulcrum
** Agent Alexsandr Kallus, a character from the same series who took the alias Fulcrum after Ahsoka Tano.

## Other

* Fulcrum (Antarctica), a geological formation in Antarctica
* Fulcrum (drumming), part of a percussionist's grip
* Fulcrum weeder, a garden tool
* Mikoyan MiG-29, NATO reporting name "Fulcrum", a Soviet fighter aircraft
* Operation Fulcrum, a series of United States nuclear weapons tests in 1976-1977
# Mansfield Hawks

The Mansfield Hawks were an International Basketball Association (IBA) professional basketball team located in Mansfield, Ohio for one season, in 1998-99. The Hawks won the IBA championship in their lone season. They were guided by local, but infamous, coach Kevin Mackey. One of the Hawks' notable players was 7 ft 2 in, 315 pound center Garth Joseph, a dominating presence with a physical appearance resembling Shaquille O'Neal. The team played its home games in the gymnasium of Malabar Middle School.
Before the 1999–00 season, the team was relocated to Youngstown and became the Youngstown Hawks. In 2005, Mansfield was again targeted as the home for another possible professional basketball team.

## All-time roster

This list is incomplete
* Tommy Adams
* Dubrey Black - Bowling Green, Ashland University
* Samuel Haley - University of Missouri
* Donnell Harrison
* Matt Hill - University of Wisconsin
* Kris Hunter - University of Virginia, Jacksonville University
* Garth Joseph - St. Rose
* Darren Little
* Charles Macon - Ohio State University, Central Michigan
* Curtis McCants
* Matt McClelland - Saint Francis University
* Gaylon Nickerson - Northwestern Oklahoma State
* Roheen Oats
* Reggie Okasa - LaSalle University
* Dapreis Owens - University of Nebraska-Lincoln
* Malcolm Sims - Cleveland State University
* Corey Tarrant
* Anthony Taylor - Miami (OH) University
* Bevin Thomas
* Vincent Thomas - University of Wisconsin Superior
* Art Crowder - Howard University
* Seth Marshall (basketball)-Freso State University
* Mike Lloyd- Syracuse University
* LaMarr Greer - Florida State University
* Shane Drisdom
* John Tripoulas - Oberlin College
* John Wassenberger
* Artemus McClary
# Jung Sang-jin (javelin thrower)

Jung Sang-jin (Korean: 정상진; born 16 April 1984) is a South Korean javelin thrower. He was born in Seoul.
His personal best throw is 82.05 metres, achieved in June 2012 in Daejeon.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing South Korea |||||
| 2001 | Asian Junior Championships | Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei | 4th | 68.96 m |
| 2002 | World Junior Championships | Kingston, Jamaica | 3rd | 73.99 m |
| 2002 | Asian Junior Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 1st | 75.36 m |
| 2005 | Universiade | Izmir, Turkey | 17th (q) | 69.55 m |
| 2005 | Asian Championships | Incheon, South Korea | 2nd | 76.85 m |
| 2007 | Asian Championships | Amman, Jordan | 3rd | 70.95 m |
| 2007 | Universiade | Bangkok, Thailand | 9th | 74.22 m |
| 2009 | Universiade | Belgrade, Serbia | 8th | 76.15 m |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 36th (q) | 72.80 m |
| 2009 | Asian Championships | Guangzhou, China | 7th | 73.34 m |
| 2010 | Asian Games | Guangzhou, China | 9th | 71.59 m |
| 2011 | Asian Championships | Kobe, Japan | 4th | 78.65 m |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 34th (q) | 72.03 m |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 31st (q) | 76.37 m |

## Seasonal bests by year

* 2006 - 76.85
* 2007 - 75.34
* 2008 - 75.75
* 2009 - 79.69
* 2010 - 80.89
* 2011 - 80.38
* 2012 - 82.05
* 2013 - 77.60
* 2014 - 74.84
* 2015 - 75.36
# Grupo Auna

Grupo Auna was a telecommunications company that emerged from the former Retevisión, which was one of the two companies that were created in Spain in 1996 after the liberalization of telecommunications.
The group was divided into two parts in 2005; the mobile telephony group Amena, which was purchased by France Télécom and the rest was bought by ONO to a value of 2,200 million euros.
The group was formed by Amena (mobile), Auna (telephony and ADSL services) and AunaCable (Cable Services: Internet, television and telephone).
The cable service Tenaria was acquired in 2004.
* This Spanish corporation or company article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# George Fewster

George Michael Harrington Fewster (6 December 1896 – 15 January 1970) was an Australian politician. He was a Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the electoral district of Essendon representing the Labor Party from 1950 to 1955 and the Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) (later the Democratic Labor Party) from March–April 1955. The Essendon electorate was abolished in 1955.
Although born in West Melbourne, Fewster grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Newport under the guidance of his father, William. Fewster completed his primary education at St. Joseph's CBC North Melbourne in 1911, aged fourteen, and the following year began work at the Newport Workshops as an apprentice. He went on to become a justice of the peace, an 'A' Grade Automotive engineer and a member of the Institute of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineers.
# James Francis (politician)

James Goodall Francis (9 January 1819 – 25 January 1884), Australian colonial politician, was the 9th Premier of Victoria. Francis was born in London, and emigrated to Van Diemen's Land (later Tasmania) in 1847, where he became a businessman. He moved to Victoria in 1853 and became a leading Melbourne merchant. He was a director of the Bank of New South Wales and president of the Melbourne Chamber of Commerce. He married Mary Ogilvie and had eight sons and seven daughters.
Francis was elected as a conservative for Richmond in 1859, and later also represented Warrnambool. He was seen as a leading representative of business interests. He was Vice-President of the Board of Land and Works and Commissioner of Public Works 1859–60, Commissioner of Trade and Customs 1863–68 in the second government of James McCulloch and Treasurer in the third McCulloch government 1870–71. When the liberal government of Charles Gavan Duffy was defeated in June 1872, Francis became Premier and Chief Secretary.
Francis's government, like most of its predecessors, was dominated by the education and land issues, and by conflict between the Assembly and the Legislative Council. His government passed the 1872 Education Act, but was defeated when it tried to pass a bill establishing a procedure for resolving deadlocks between the two Houses. He resigned as a result in July 1874. He was later a minister without portfolio in the government of James Service in 1880. He retired from politics in 1884, declining a knighthood. He died in Queenscliff in 1884, and was buried at Melbourne General Cemetery.
# 1994 Mindoro earthquake

The 1994 Mindoro earthquake occurred at 03:15:30 PST on November 15 near Mindoro, Philippines. It had a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Rossi–Forel of VII (Very strong tremor). It is associated with a 35-kilometer-long (22 mi) ground rupture, called the Aglubang River fault. Seventy eight people were reported dead, and 7,566 houses were damaged. The earthquake generated a tsunami and landslides on the Verde Island.

## Earthquake

The epicenter of this earthquake was located in the Verde Island Passage, a strait separating Luzon and Mindoro. The focal mechanism showed predominantly right-lateral strike-slip faulting. The released seismic moment was about 5.12×10$^{19}$ Nm.

### Surface faulting

The Aglubang River fault, which shows a right-lateral strike-slip sense of movement, extends from Malaylay Island in the north of Oriental Mindoro to Alcate, Victoria in the south. Measurements along the rupture reveal a maximum horizontal displacement of 4 meters (13 ft) and a maximum vertical displacement of 1.9 meters (6 ft 3 in).

### Tsunami

The earthquake generated a tsunami, which affected Mindoro, the Verde Island, the Baco Islands, and Luzon. Some concrete structures also suffered moderate damage in the tsunami. In Baco Islands, the vertical run-up reached 8.5 meters (28 ft). The tsunami was also recorded in Lobo. The tsunami was larger than expected considering the strike-slip movement of the earthquake.
# Moinidae

Moinidae is a crustacean family within the order Cladocera. Species within this family are widely occurring, including North America and Africa. In newer classifications, it is sometimes included in the family Daphniidae.

## Genera

These two genera belong to the family Moinidae:
* Moina Baird, 1850
* Moinodaphnia Herrick, 1887
# APEC Indonesia 1994

APEC Indonesia 1994 was a series of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meetings focused on economic cooperation, held at the Bogor Palace in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia on 15–16 November 1994. It was the seventh APEC meeting in history and the first held in the Indonesia.

## Results

The meeting adopted "the long-term goal of free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific", that has been called the "Bogor Goals". It is one of APEC's flagship initiatives.
# 6th Golden Melody Awards

The 6th Golden Melody Awards ceremony (Chinese: 第六屆金曲獎) was held at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei on November 26, 1994.
# Nagarkovil school bombing

The Nagarkovil school bombing was an airstrike on 22 September 1995 in which the Sri Lankan Air Force bombed the Nagarkovil Maha Vidyalayam school in Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka, resulting in the death of, by varying accounts, 34-71 Sri Lankan Tamil civilians, primarily schoolchildren, and injuries to many more. Sri Lankan Defense spokesman admitted the incident but claimed that it was a LTTE facility and several of the dead were LTTE cadres. The airstrike took place 12 hours after the Sri Lankan government had imposed a press censorship on war-related events.

## Accounts and reactions
### University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna)

According to University Teachers for Human Rights (UTHR), a Jaffna-based organization, the staff of Nagarkovil Government School noticed bomber activity by the Sri Lanka Air Force around the school the morning of Friday, September 22, 1995. Several children who had come out of school had sheltered under a tree, waiting for the bombers to leave. About 12:45 pm a bomb fell near the tree, instantly killing 39 and injuring others. Some people injured by the bombing later died from their wounds.

### Human Rights Watch

The 1996 HRW annual country report described "a major offensive on the Jaffna peninsula" by the Sri Lankan government which began on September 22, and which included curbs on war-related reporting by both the domestic and international press. "Among the first stories to be subjected to these censorship requirements were reports that on September 21 and 22, heavy shelling and aerial attacks by government forces on the northern Jaffna region had killed some seventy civilians, including many school children." Human Rights Watch also cited a Reuters report from September 23 that the army had denied the incident and that the story had been "subjected to military censors, who deleted quotes from civilians on the reported deaths of twenty children."

### Australian Foreign Ministry

In a letter of October 6, 1995, the Australian government expressed a concern about "tragic incidents where non combatant Tamil civilians have been killed in military exchanges," mentioning "the reported deaths of 44 school children when a school was bombed at the village of Nagarkovil on September 22."
# European Monetary Institute

Part of a series on the :
History of the European Union :
Timeline
Pre-1948 ideas
1948–1957
1958–1972
1973–1993
1993–2004
2004–present :
Organisation European Communities (1958–2009) European Coal and Steel Community (1952–2002) European Economic Community (1958–1993) European Atomic Energy Community (1958–present) European Community (1993–2009) Justice and Home Affairs (1993–2003) Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (2003–2009) Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar (1993–2009) Western European Union (1954–2011) Western Union (1948–1954) :
Treaties Treaty of Paris 1951 Treaty of Rome 1957 Merger Treaty 1965 Single European Act 1986 Maastricht Treaty 1992 Treaty of Amsterdam 1997 Treaty of Nice 2001 Treaty of Lisbon 2007 :
Commissions Hallstein Commission 1958 Rey Commission 1967 Malfatti Commission 1970 Mansholt Commission 1972 Ortoli Commission 1973 Jenkins Commission 1977 Thorn Commission 1981 Delors Commissions I–III 1985 Santer Commission 1994 Prodi Commission 1999 Barroso Commission I & II 2004 Juncker Commission 2014 Von der Leyen Commission I 2019 Von der Leyen Commission II 2024 :
Topics
History of Europe
History of the euro
History of defence integration
History of enlargement
List of presidents
List of founders :
European Union portal :
vte :
The European Monetary Institute (EMI) was the forerunner of the European Central Bank (ECB), operating between 1994 and 1998.

## History

The EMI was created 1st January 1994 to oversee the second stage in the creation of monetary union. The EMI itself replaced the earlier European Monetary Cooperation Fund (EMCF). The EMI met for the first time on 12 January under its first President, Alexandre Lamfalussy. On 1st July 1997 Lamfalussy was replaced by Wim Duisenberg who later became the ECB's President. The institute was dissolved on 1st June 1998 with the creation of the ECB and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) which took over its expanded responsibilities in preparation for the euro's introduction.

## Role

The EMI was the key monetary institution of the second phase of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. The EMU encouraged cooperation between the national banks of the member states of the European Union (EU) and laid the foundation for the euro. It had less than 250 staff, mostly seconded from national central banks, and was based in the Eurotower, Frankfurt (Germany), where the ECB is now based.
# Boztahta, Karaisalı

Boztahta (also: Merkezboztahta) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karaisalı, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 358 (2022).
Merkezboztahta is a neighborhood in the Karaisalı district of the Adana province. It consists of 7 separate parts. These parts are respectively according to their population; Boztahta Village, Dokuzoluk Village, Sofular Village, İnceler Village, Kaşköy Village, Mollaömerli Village and Cennetli Village. There is also a recreation area and forest park in the neighborhood called Dokuzoluk.
# Sweetnam

Sweetnam is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Darren Sweetnam (born 1993), Irish rugby union player
* Nancy Sweetnam (born 1973), Canadian former competition swimmer
* Rodney Sweetnam (1927–2013), British orthopaedic surgeon
* Skye Sweetnam (born 1988), Canadian singer-songwriter
* James Sweetnam (born 1982), British racing driver