OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Frankenthal

vteThirty Years' War :
Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)
Pilsen
Lomnice
Sablat
Wisternitz
Bautzen
White Mountain
Neu Titschein
Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)
Bad Kreuznach
Oppenheim
Bacharach
Jülich
Mingolsheim
Wimpfen
Höchst
Bergen op Zoom
Heidelberg
Fleurus
Mannheim
Frankenthal
Stadtlohn
Transylvanian invasions of Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)
Humenné
Érsekújvár
Tyrnau [de]
Hodonín
Vlach uprisings
Danish intervention (1625–1629)
Breda
Dessau Bridge
Oldenzaal
Lutter am Barenberge
Groenlo
Stralsund
Wolgast
's-Hertogenbosch
Swedish intervention (1630–1635)
Swedish landing
Frankfurt
Magdeburg
Werben
1st Breitenfeld
Bamberg
Rain
Maastricht
Nuremberg
Wiesloch
Alte Veste
Fürth
Lützen
Oldendorf
Pfaffenhofen
Steinau
Konstanz
1st Breisach
1st Rheinfelden
Liegnitz [de]
1st Nördlingen
Strasbourg Bridge
Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)
Les Avins
Leuven
Schenkenschans
Ray-sur-Saône
Dömitz [de]
Haselünne [de]
Raon
Tornavento
2nd Magdeburg
Somme
Wittstock
2nd Breda
Venlo
Leipzig
Hanau
2nd Rheinfelden
Saint Omer
Fuenterrabía
Kallo
Wittenweiher
Thann [de]
Vlotho
2nd Breisach
1st Freiberg
Chemnitz
Melnik
Thionville
Salses
Cambrils
Montjuïc
Preßnitz
Plauen
La Marfée
Dorsten
Wolfenbüttel
Kempen
Honnecourt
Schweidnitz
2nd Breitenfeld
2nd Freiberg
Rocroi
1st Brno
Tuttlingen
Kolding
Freiburg
Philippsburg
Jüterbog
Bysjön
Jankau
2nd Brno
Mergentheim
2nd Nördlingen
3rd Hulst
Korneuburg [de]
Totenhöhe [de]
Hohentübingen [de]
Mardyck
Dunkirk
Triebl
Naples
Zusmarshausen
Wevelinghoven
Lens
Dachau [de]
Prague
Naval battles
Gibraltar
Genoa
The Slaak
1st Saint Martin
Lizard Point
Dunkirk
Channel
The Downs
Cape St. Vincent
2nd Saint Martin
Lister Dyb
Colberger Heide
Fehmarn :
$_{Treaties}$ :
The siege of Frankenthal was a siege of the Palatinate campaign during the Thirty Years' War. A Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba besieged the Palatinate fortified city of Frankenthal and its mostly English garrison commanded by John Burroughs. The siege lasted from 1621 to March 20, 1623, when King James I ordered the city to surrender.

## Background

In the early seventeenth century, the city's fortifications were upgraded by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine in preparation for war. Frederick also refortified Heidelberg and created the fortress-city of Mannheim. Frankenthal had an important strategic role within the Electorate of the Palatinate.
On May 23, 1618, the Kingdom of Bohemia rose in revolt against Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and offered the crown to Frederick V, Elector Palatine, who, by accepting the Bohemian offer, brought the Electorate of the Palatinate into the war, thus broadening the conflict.
# Ballynahatty woman

The Ballynahatty Woman is the name given to a prehistoric female human found in the townland of Ballynahatty near Belfast in 1855. She is estimated to have lived about 5,000 years ago. In 2015, her genome, along with that of a trio of men who lived 4,000 years ago, was sequenced by geneticists at Trinity College Dublin and archaeologists at Queen's University Belfast.
Both Ballynahatty Woman and one of the men were found to have mutations that can cause hemochromatosis, a disease where the body retains too much iron and has a high prevalence in the British Isles. She was found to have Neolithic Anatolian ancestry, and out of modern peoples most genetically resembles the Basques and Sardinians.
# Chris Watson (basketball)

Chris Watson (Hebrew: כריס ווטסון; born July 16, 1975) is an American–Israeli former basketball player, who has played on the Israel national basketball team, and whose positions have been power forward and center. He is 6' 7" (200 cm) tall.
He attended Niagara University, where he led the Conference in 2-point field goals (165) in 1995–1996. He was inducted into the Niagara University Hall of Fame.
Watson has played professional basketball for two decades. He has played primarily in Israel (with Hapoel Tel Aviv, Hapoel Holon, Ironi Ramat Gan, GreenTops Netanya, and Ironi Ashkelon). Watson won the Israeli Championship with Hapoel Holon in 2007–2008, and again in 2008–2009. He was selected to the Israeli Basketball Premier League All-Star Game in 2011. Watson has twice played on the Israel national basketball team.

## Personal life

Watson was born in White Plains, New York. Watson attended White Plains High School, and then transferred to Archbishop Stepinac High School ('93). He married an Israeli woman, Roni, and in 2003 he became an Israeli citizen. He and his wife have a daughter, Dream.

## College

He attended Niagara University, where he played for the Purple Eagles basketball team in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. He led the team in scoring in his final three seasons, and was third in the Conference in scoring in both his junior (16.8 points per game) and senior (17.4 points per game, as he led the Conference with a .568 field goal percentage) seasons. He also led the Conference in 2-point field goals (165) in 1995–1996, was second in 2-point field goals (167) in 1996–1997 His 16 field goals in a game against Siena on February 19, 1996, are tied for the most ever in a Conference game. He earned All-MAAC Tournament honors in both 1996 and 1997. He earned All-MAAC Second Team honors during the 1994–95 season, and was All-MAAC First Team in the 1995–96 season.
He finished his college career with 1,711 career points, fourth at the time in Niagara history. He graduated in 1996. In 2016 he was inducted into the Niagara University Hall of Fame.

## Professional basketball

Watson has played professional basketball for two decades. He has played in Belgium (Leuven Bears), Sweden, the United Kingdom, Uruguay, and Israel (Hapoel Tel Aviv, Hapoel Holon, Ironi Ramat Gan, GreenTops Netanya, and Ironi Ashkelon).
He played two seasons in Uruguay where he was the second-leading scorer of the Uruguayan League, two seasons in Sweden (KFUM Jamtland), and half a season in England.
Coming to Israel, he played in Hadera and then for Hapoel Tel Aviv. The following season Watson played for Migdal Ha'emek.
Watson won the Israeli Championship with Hapoel Holon in 2007–2008, and again in 2008–2009. He represented Israel at the Qualifications to European Championships 2009.
He played for Ironi Ramat Gan in the National League in 2009–2010. Watson was selected to the Israeli Basketball Premier League All-Star Game in 2011.
In 2013–14 Watson played for Ironi Kiryat Ata. He played for Hapoel Be'er Sheva in the Israel National League from 2014 to 2016.
Watson also played on the Israel national basketball team.
# Jamie Merillo

Jamie Merillo (born 27 November 1972) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fremantle Dockers between 1995 and 1997. He was drafted from Claremont in the WAFL as a foundation selection in the 1994 AFL Draft and played mainly as a rover.
Merillo broke his jaw in Fremantle's inaugural AFL match in 1995, but still managed to play 11 games that year. After only 4 more game in the next two seasons, he was delisted at the end of the 1997 season.
He was also a very good swimmer who competed in the backstroke finals of the Australian team qualifying trials for the Barcelona Olympics.
# Post-micturition convulsion syndrome

In neurourology, post-micturition convulsion syndrome (PMCS), also known informally as pee shivers or piss shivers, is the experience of shivering during or after urination. The syndrome seems to be experienced more often by men than women.
The term "post-micturition convulsion syndrome" was coined in 1994 in the online question-and-answer newspaper column The Straight Dope, when a reader inquired about the phenomenon.

## Explanation

There has yet to be any peer-reviewed research on the topic. The most plausible theory is that the shiver is a result of the autonomic nervous system getting its signals mixed up between its two main divisions:
* The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which controls bladder function, preventing urination.
* The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), which relaxes the urethral sphincter and contracts the bladder, causing urination.
Part of the SNS response to a full bladder is the release of catecholamines (including epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine), which are dispatched to help restore or maintain blood pressure. When urination begins, the PNS takes over, and catecholamine production changes. It may be the change in chemical production which causes the shiver, or the switch from SNS to PNS itself which is the cause.
# Andre Townsend

Andre Townsend (born October 8, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for seven seasons with the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL).
Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois. After a standout high school career for the Aberdeen, Mississippi High School Bulldogs, he played college football for the Ole Miss Rebels As a senior, he was honored by Football News as a third-team All-American.
Townsend was selected by the Broncos in the second round of the 1984 NFL draft. He spent his entire career with the Broncos, and started in Super Bowl XXI and Super Bowl XXII. He accumulated 22 career sacks and 6 fumble recoveries.
# Sujathapuram

Sujathapuram is a village in Mysore district of Karnataka state, India. 12°08′10″N 76°40′27″E﻿ / ﻿12.136035°N 76.674249°E﻿ / 12.136035; 76.674249

## Location

Sujathapuram is located some 2.6 km north of Nanjangud town near Mysore city. Kabini river flows through Sujathapuram village.

## Villages and suburbs

* Chamlapurada Hundi layout 0.6 km
* Nanjangud Industrial Estate 3 km
* Doddakanya - Ainsley Wilson 5.4 km
* Tata Iron and Steel Mines 5.6 km
* Kadakola village 6.7 km
* Byathalli village 7.2 km
* Korehundi village

## Post office

Sujathapruam village has a post office and the postal code is 571302.

## Access

Sujathapuram has a railway station on Mysore–Chamarajanagar branch line. There are six trains running forward and backward in this route. Five of them are slow moving passenger trains. One express train to Bangalore is also available.

## Image gallery

* Maramma temple on the bypass
* Mallanmule Math on Mysore Road
* Sujathapuram-Railway-Station
* Chapatti and chicken is the popular food here
# Yannick Smith

Yannick Smith (born November 21, 1990) is an American former soccer player who played as a forward.

## Career

Born in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey, Smith played soccer at Hillsborough High School.
Smith played four years of college soccer at Old Dominion University between 2009 and 2012. He also spent the 2011 season with USL Premier Development League club Virginia Beach Piranhas.
On January 22, 2013, Smith was selected 75th overall in the 2013 MLS Supplemental Draft by Houston Dynamo. However, he wasn't signed by the club.
Smith signed his first professional contract with Finnish Kakkonen club Närpes Kraft, before moving to USL Pro club Dayton Dutch Lions on March 9, 2014.
# List of Jain states and dynasties

This is a list of monarchs, royalties, and dynasties following Jainism.

## Dynasties

* Ikshvaku dynasty:Thritkaras as twenty-two of twenty-four Tirthankaras were born in this dynasty.
* Harivamsa
* Vajjika League (c. 6th century BCE - c. 468 BCE)
* Pandya dynasty (6th century BCE - 1345 CE) Some rulers were Jains though not all.
* Maurya dynasty (322-184 BCE)
* Mahameghavahana dynasty (250s BCE – 5th century CE)
* Gupta Dynasty (240 CE - 579 CE)
* Vakataka dynasty (250 CE - 510 CE)
* Kadamba Dynasty (345–525 CE)
* Western Ganga Dynasty (350 CE – 1000)
* Chalukyas of Badami (543 CE - 753 CE)
* Santara dynasty (7th century CE - 18th century CE)
* Rastrakuta dynasty (735CE-982 CE)
* Shilahara Dynasty (8th century CE–13th century CE)
* Kakatiya dynasty (800CE-1323CE)
* Musunuri Nayakas (1050CE-1438CE)
* Seuna (Yadava) dynasty (860CE-1317CE)
* Chalukyas of Kalyani (957 CE - 1184 CE)
* Hoysalas (1000 CE - 1346 CE)
* Chowta dynasty (12th century CE-18th century CE)

## Kings

* Raja Siddhartha
* Bharata Chakravarti
* Bahubali
* Kharavela (2nd century BCE)
* Samprati (3rd century BCE)
* Ajatashatru (5th century BCE)
* Kumarapala (r. 1143-1172)
* Āma (8, 9th centuries)
* Bimbisara (c. 558 - c. 491 BC)
* Sanat Kumara Chakravarti
* Samudravijaya
* Amoghavarsha (9th century)
* Mularaja II (12th century)
* Ereyanga (12th century)
* Veera Ballala I (12th century)
* Shalishuka (r. c. 215 - c. 202 BC)
* Avakinnayo Karakandu
* Ilango Adigal
* Udayin(460-444 BC)
* Vatsaraja (Gujara-Pratihara Dynasty)
* King Sodsa
* Raja Shrenik
* Chandragupta Maurya
* Chetaka
* Vandraja

## Queens

* Attimabbe
* Abbakka Chowta (r. 1525-1570s)
* Rani Chennabhairadevi

## Kings in Jain texts

This list contains rulers that are mentioned in Jain texts. They are listed as follows:
* Bharata chakravartin
* King Sagara
* Sanat Kumara Chakravarti
# Peter Randt

Peter Randt (born 24 January 1941) is a former East German male handball player. He was a member of the East Germany national handball team, playing 6 matches. He was part of the team at the 1972 Summer Olympics. On club level he played for SC DHfK Leipzig.
Randt also played for the silver medal-winning national team in the 1970 World Men's Handball Championship in France, which lost in the final to Romania, 13–12. He was in the 1967 World Men's Handball Championship team in Sweden, which was eliminated after the first round.
# Juan Luis Manzur

Juan Luis Manzur (born 8 January 1969) is an Argentine surgeon and politician currently serving as a National Senator for Tucumán Province. A member of the Justicialist Party, he previously served as Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers from 2021 to 2023, under President Alberto Fernández. He previously served as Minister of Health of Argentina from 2009 to 2015, and as Governor of Tucumán from 2015 to 2021.

## Early life and education

Manzur was born in San Miguel de Tucumán to a Maronite Catholic father from Lebanon and an Argentine mother. He received a medical degree from the University of Tucumán and completed his residency at the public Álvarez Hospital, in Buenos Aires. Manzur later received a master's degree in Health Systems and Services Administration from the University of Buenos Aires.

## Political career

Following a stint as Vice Minister of Health for the Province of San Luis, in 2002 he was named Public Health Secretary of the District of La Matanza, a western, mainly blue-collar suburb of the Argentine capital. Recommended by the National Health Minister, Ginés González García, Manzur was appointed Health Minister of Tucumán Province by the new Governor, José Alperovich, in 2003. Manzur soon earned plaudits in his post, which oversaw public health in one of Argentina's least-developed provinces. One widely used yardstick of public health, the infant mortality rate, fell from 23 per 1,000 births (40% above the national average) in 2003, to 13 in 2006 (matching the national average). The perinatal mortality rate (a late fetal death, or of an infant under one week old) likewise fell during the same period in Tucumán from 24 to 18 per 1,000 births. These news helped Manzur secure Governor Alperovich's nod to be a running mate for his successful, 2007 bid for re-election.

### Health minister

Manzur was sworn in on July 1, the day after a public health emergency was declared over a worsening H1N1 virus ("swine flu") epidemic, which had claimed 44 fatalities by the time he was sworn in. His tenure would thereafter be focused on expanding childhood immunizations, childhood preventive medicine, diagnostic care against coeliac disease and HPV, mobile health, access to organ transplants, and smoking cessation programs. Staunch opposition from the powerful Roman Catholic Church in Argentina forced Manzur to reverse steps toward protecting women's reproductive rights, cancelling proposals in 2010 that would have guarantee access to legal abortions.
He stepped down as Health Minister in February 2015 to return to the post of Vice Governor of Tucumán, and was expected to run to succeed Governor Alperovich in provincial elections later in the year.

### Cabinet Chief

On 20 September 2021, Manzur was appointed Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers by President Alberto Fernández in replacement of Santiago Cafiero. Manzur's appointment was part of a cabinet reshuffle following the government's poor showings in the 2021 legislative primary elections. Manzur did not resign from his position as governor of Tucumán, instead taking a leave of office while vice governor Osvaldo Jaldo assumed interim executive powers.
# Makunda River

The Makunda River is a branch of the Surma in Chhatak and Bishwanath Upazilas, Sunamganj District, Bangladesh. Many important places such as Rajagonj, Boiragi Bazar, Koro Para village, Singer Kach Bazaar, Lakeshbor, Buria and Jahedpur are located on the banks of the Makunda.

## River flow

After originating from the Surma, the Makunda ends in the western end of Jahedpur village.
# Tiswin

Tiswin (known as tesgüino and tejuino in Mexico) is an alcoholic beverage brewed from corn. Tiswin is also the sacred saguaro wine of the Tohono O'odham, a group of aboriginal Americans who reside primarily in the Sonoran Desert of the southeastern Arizona and northwest Mexico.
The saguaro, the largest cactus in the world, is in many respects the sacred tree of the Tohono O'odham, who reside in the Sonoran Desert of southeastern Arizona and northwest Mexico. From the fruit of the saguaro they make a sacred fermentation called tiswin or sometimes nawai.

## Preparation

The old Apache recipe for making tiswin called for soaking the kernels of maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) until they would sprout and reach a size of 1⁄2-inch, at which time they are removed from the water and ground into a pulp-like mash. They are then boiled (for several hours) in hot water and strained. The resulting mash was then sweetened with either mesquite flour or saguaro syrup, and allowed to ferment in an earthenware brewing jar that was never washed in order to retain the organisms' efficacy needed for fermentation. The finished product had to be drunk within a few hours after it was prepared, or the alcohol would become acetic, making it taste sour.
The Native American Indians of New Mexico preserved a different practice when making tiswin (which they called tesquino). There, they would take 10 pounds of maize which they would roast in an oven until light-brown. After roasting, the corn would then be coarsely ground and put inside a large, earthenware crock, where 4 gallons of water were added. To this, 8 pre-packaged cones of piloncillo (whole cane sugar) were added, along with 6 cinnamon sticks and 3 orange peels for flavoring. The brew was allowed to sit 4 or 5 days, in places where the weather was warm, or longer in places where there was cold weather. Afterwards, the liquid was strained and served.
An alternative Native American recipe, made by the Tohono Oʼodham, was to take the fruit of the saguaro cactus in June, and to spread the fruit on a thatch in a tree, so as to allow it to dry. The cactus fruit was then taken up and boiled in water and then strained through a mat of grass or branches to remove the seeds. The juice was boiled down to a syrup and placed hot in an earthenware vessel (olla), the top of which vessel then covered and tied with a cloth followed by sealing with a bit of broken pottery, covered with mud and wet clay. When the saguaro festival arrived, these earthenware vessels were opened and the syrup mixed with water and allowed to ferment, making tiswin.

## History

An inability to obtain tiswin was one of the reasons Geronimo and others left their reservation and attempted to return to the land of their ancestors.
# IDF outpost bombing attack (December 2004)

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The 2004 IDF outpost bombing attack was an integrated attack carried out on 12 December 2004 by a Palestinian militant squad of the Izz al-Din al-Qassam military wing of Hamas and the Fatah Hawks (a military wing of Fatah) at an Israel Defense Forces outpost located on the border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt.
Five Bedouin IDF soldiers from the Desert Patrol Battalion were killed in the attack and six others were injured, and the outpost was destroyed. Two Palestinian militants were also killed during the attack.

## Preparations for the attack

Long before the attack occurred, Palestinian militants drilled an 800 m (2,600 ft) long tunnel which began from a hidden location within Palestinian homes located near the security fence between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. From there the tunnel went under the border fence and reached a small Israeli military outpost located between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. The militants planted 1.5 metric tons of explosives directly below the outpost.

## The attack

On Sunday, 12 December 2004, at about 17:45 pm, the militants detonated two powerful explosions in two different locations, within a few minutes of each other. These explosions caused extensive damage and injured 11 soldiers.
Immediately after the explosions, two Palestinian militants stormed the outpost and began opening fire at the Israeli soldiers stationed at the outpost. The attackers managed to kill two IDF soldiers before they were killed themselves.
Rescue Forces were summoned to the site assisted by helicopters, whom attempted to rescue the wounded. At this point a third explosion occurred within the outpost, which was an apparent attempt to get casualties among the rescue forces although it didn't cause any casualties or injuries.
Due to the continuous heavy barrage of mortar fire, the IDF rescue forces were only able to rescue the injured after a long while.
Five Bedouin IDF soldiers from the Desert Patrol Battalion were killed in the attack and six others were injured. Total destruction was caused to the outpost in the attack.

### Victims

* Sergeant Adham Shehadeh, 20, from Tur'an
* Sergeant Sa'id Jahaja, 19, from Ar'arat an-Naqab
* Sergeant Aref Azbargah, 20, from Kuseife
* Sergeant Tareq al-Ziadna, 20, from Rahat
* Sergeant Hussein Abu Leil, 23, from Ein Mahil

## The perpetrators

Hamas and Fatah claimed joint responsibility for the attack.

## Israel's reaction

Following the attack, the IAF (Israel Air Force) sent two Apache attack helicopters fired "at least six" missiles into Gaza city. The IAF targeted at least two buildings used by terrorists to manufacture weapons.
# Dotoramades difformipes

Dotoramades difformipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1879.
# Taichung City Hall metro station

Taichung City Hall is a metro station operated by Taichung Metro located in Xitun District, Taichung, Taiwan. It is on the Green Line. The planned Blue Line will intersect with the Green Line at this station.

## Around the station

The station is at the intersection of Taiwan boulevard and Wenxin road two major thoroughfares of Taichung City. It serves the city's "7th Redevelopment Zone", the commercial center of the city. Taichung City Hall, the station's namesake, is located nearby.
Two mixed-use buildings were being constructed to the east and west of the station in 2019.

## Station layout

| 4F | Crossover Level | Platforms-connecting Overpass |
| 3F |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||
| 3F | Track 1 | Green Line: towards HSR Taichung Station (Shui-an Temple) |
| 3F | Track 2 | Green Line: towards Beitun Main (Wenxin Yinghua) |
| Side platform, doors will open on the right ||
| 3F | Concourse |
| 3F | Concourse | Lobby, information desk, automatic ticket dispensing machines, one-way faregates |
| 2F | Mezzanine | Transitlink floor for stairs and escalators |
| 1F | Street Level | Exit/Entrance |