OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SPINA-GBeta

SPINA-GBeta is a calculated biomarker for pancreatic beta cell function. It represents the maximum amount of insulin that beta cells can produce per time-unit (e.g. in one second).

## How to determine G$_{Beta}$

The index is derived from a mathematical model of insulin-glucose homeostasis. For diagnostic purposes, it is calculated from fasting insulin and glucose concentrations with:
${\widehat {G}}_{\beta }={\frac {[I](\infty )({D}_{\beta }+\left[G\right](\infty ))}{{G}_{3}[G](\infty )}}$.
[I](∞): Fasting Insulin plasma concentration (μU/mL) [G](∞): Fasting blood glucose concentration (mg/dL) D$_β$: EC$_{50}$ for glucose at beta cells (7 mmol/L) G$_3$: Parameter for pharmacokinetics (58,8 s/L)

## Clinical significance
### Validity

SPINA-GBeta significantly correlates with the M value in glucose clamp studies and (better than HOMA-Beta) with the two-hour value in oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), glucose rise in OGTT, subscapular skinfold, truncal fat content and the HbA1c fraction.
It has the additional advantage that it circumvents the HOMA-blind zone, which renders the calculation of HOMA-Beta impossible if the fasting glucose concentration is 3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL) or below. Unlike HOMA-Beta, SPINA-Beta can be sensibly calculated in the whole range of measurements.

### Reliability

In repeated measurements, SPINA-GBeta had higher retest reliability than HOMA-Beta, a measurement for beta cell function from the homeostasis model assessment.

### Clinical utility

In the FAST study, an observational case-control sequencing study including 300 persons from Germany, SPINA-GBeta differed more clearly between subjects with and without diabetes than the corresponding HOMA-Beta index.

## Scientific implications and other uses

Together with the reconstructed insulin receptor gain (SPINA-GR), SPINA-GBeta provides the foundation for the definition of a fasting based disposition index of insulin-glucose homeostasis (SPINA-DI).
In combination with SPINA-GR and whole-exome sequencing, calculating SPINA-GBeta helped to identify a new form of monogenetic diabetes (MODY) that is characterised by primary insulin resistance and results from a missense variant of the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) gene (p.N2291D).

## Pathophysiological implications

In several populations, SPINA-GBeta correlated with the area under the glucose curve and 2-hour concentrations of glucose, insulin and proinsulin in oral glucose tolerance testing, concentrations of free fatty acids, ghrelin and adiponectin, and the HbA1c fraction.

## Predictive aspects

In a longitudinal evaluation of the NHANES study, a large sample of the general US population, over 10 years, reduced SPINA-GBeta significantly predicted all-cause mortality.
# Janet Truncale

Janet Wilson Truncale (born 1970) is an American business executive who has been the global chair and chief executive officer of Ernst & Young since 2024.

## Early life and education

Truncale was born in Mountainside, New Jersey, in 1970. She received her Bachelor of Science in economics from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, followed by an MBA from Columbia University. She is a certified public accountant in New York and a member of the AICPA.

## Career

Truncale joined EY in 1991 as an intern. With over 30 years of experience in financial services. She rose to the Regional Managing Partner of the EY Americas Financial Services Organization.
She serves as the Board Chair for Women's World Banking.

### Ernst & Young

Janet Truncale was selected as the EY Global Chair and CEO-elect, and assumed the role on 1 July 2024, making her the first woman to lead a Big Four accounting firm. This appointment came after a comprehensive succession process.
# Clypeaster annandalei

Clypeaster annandalei is a species of sea urchins of the family Clypeasteridae. Their armour is covered with spines. Clypeaster annandalei was first scientifically described in 1922 by Koehler.
# Bollullos de la Mitación

Bollullos de la Mitación (Spanish pronunciation:) is a town located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2006 census by the (Instituto Nacional de Estadística), the city has a population of 7084 inhabitants.
# 48 Doris

48 Doris is one of the largest main belt asteroids. It was discovered on 19 September 1857 by Hermann Goldschmidt from his balcony in Paris.
To find a name for the object, Jacques Babinet of the Academy of Sciences created a shortlist and asked the geologist Élie de Beaumont to make the selection. De Beaumont chose Doris, after an Oceanid in Greek mythology. Since Doris was discovered on the same night as 49 Pales, de Deaumont suggested naming the two "The Twins".

## Physical characteristics

An occultation on 19 March 1981 suggested a diameter of 219±25 km. Observations of an occultation on 14 October 1999, using four well-placed chords, indicate an ellipsoid of 278×142 km and that 48 Doris is an extremely irregularly shaped object.
Doris will pass within 0.019 AU of Pallas in June 2132.

## In popular culture

48 Doris is a location in the text-based science fiction game Federation 2.
# Deadman's Cay Airport

Deadman's Cay Airport (IATA: LGI, ICAO: MYLD) is an airport located in the settlement of Deadman's Cay on Long Island in The Bahamas. The airport serves the island’s capital, Clarence Town, as well as the general south of the island.

## Facilities

The airport resides at an elevation of 9 ft (2.7 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 09/27 with an asphalt surface measuring 1,219 m × 30 m (3,999 ft × 98 ft).

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Bahamasair | Nassau, San Salvador |
| Southern Air Charter | Nassau, Stella Maris |
# Beckville Independent School District

Beckville Independent School District is a public school district based in Beckville, Texas (USA).
The district is in Panola County.

## Finances

As of the 2010–2011 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $733,790,000. The maintenance tax rate was $0.098 and the bond tax rate was $0.008 per $100 of appraised valuation.

## Academic achievement

In 2011, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

## Schools

In the 2011–2012 school year, the district had two campuses.
* Beckville Junior/Senior High (Grades 6-12)
* Beckville Sunset Elementary (Grades PK-5)
# Navy Global Environmental Model

The Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) is a global numerical weather prediction computer simulation run by the United States Navy's Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center. This mathematical model is run four times a day and produces weather forecasts. Along with the NWS's Global Forecast System, which runs out to 16 days, the ECMWF's Integrated Forecast System (IFS) and the CMC's Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM), both of which run out 10 days, and the UK Met Office's Unified Model, which runs out to 7 days, it is one of five synoptic scale medium-range models in general use.
The NAVGEM became operational in February 2013, replacing the NOGAPS. It uses the same forecast range as the NOGAPS did (three-hour intervals out 180 hours) but also uses a refurbished dynamic core and improvements to the physics simulations compared to its predecessor.
# Raymond Guégan

Raymond Guégan (7 December 1921 – 27 April 2007) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1947 and 1948 Tour de France.
# Jodie Rimmer

Jodie Rimmer (born 1974) is a New Zealand voice and performer actress best known for starring on Young Hercules, as Lilith. Her work includes Xena: Warrior Princess, Channelling Baby, The Strip, and In My Father's Den.

## Biography

Rimmer was educated at Glenfield College on Auckland's North Shore.

### Awards

In 2005, Rimmer won in the Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role category at the New Zealand Screen Awards for her role in the film In My Father's Den (2004).

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1999 | I'll Make You Happy | Siggy | |
| 2000 | Channelling Baby | Baby (voice) | |
| 2001 | Snakeskin | Daisy | |
| 2004 | In My Father's Den | Jackie | |
| 2008 | Playing for Charlie | Paula Hobbs | |
| 2008 | Apron Strings | Virginia | |
| 2009 | Five New Things | Alice | Short |
| 2009 | Separation City | Joanne | |
| 2014 | Everything We Loved | Jane | |
| 2015 | Turbo Kid | Mother (voice) | |
| 2015 | Deathgasm | Aunt Mary | |
| 2015 | Escargore | Shelly (voice) | Short |
| 2016 | Stick to Your Gun | Dorian | Short |
| 2022 | Nude Tuesday | Diane | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1990 | The New Adventures of Black Beauty | Phoebe Trent | "Different Races" |
| 1990 | The Rogue Stallion | Ginny Garrett | TV film |
| 1993-95 | Melody Rules | Zoe Robbins | "Going, Going... Goner", "Gullible's Travels", "Double Scotch" |
| 1994 | Shortland Street | Stacey | TV series |
| 1995 | Riding High | Tiffany | Recurring role |
| 1997 | Shortland Street | Danni | TV series |
| 1998 | Xena: Warrior Princess | Seraphin | "Sacrifice: Parts 1 & 2" |
| 1998-99 | Young Hercules | Lilith | Recurring role |
| 1999 | Hercules: The Legendary Journeys | Seska | "The Academy", "A Wicked Good Time" |
| 2001 | Shortland Street | Samara Hindmarsh / Lily Jansen | Recurring role |
| 2002-03 | The Strip | Kathryn Moore | Main role |
| 2003 | You Wish! | Zoe | TV film |
| 2004 | Not Only But Always | Wendy Snowden | TV film |
| 2009 | Until Proven Innocent | Donna Chisholm | TV film |
| 2012 | Auckland Daze | Jodie | "1.3" |
| 2014 | Agent Anna | Liz | Recurring role |
| 2015 | The Brokenwood Mysteries | Gloria Ginsberg | "Leather and Lace", "To Die or Not to Die", "Blood Pink" |
| 2015 | Funny Girls | Various | "1.3" |
| 2016 | Terry Teo | Line Producer | "Baby Takes a Bullet" |
| 2016 | Filthy Rich | Lorna | TV series |
| 2017–18 | Power Rangers Ninja Steel | Jackie Thompson | 2 Episodes |
| 2021 | Sweet Tooth | Judy | "When Pubba Met Birdie", "Big Man" |
# O Tannenbaum

"O Tannenbaum" (German:; "O fir tree"), known in English as "O Christmas Tree", is a German Christmas song. Based on a traditional folk song that was unrelated to the holiday, it became associated with the traditional Christmas tree.

## History

The modern lyrics were written in 1824 by the Leipzig organist, teacher and composer Ernst Anschütz. A Tannenbaum is a fir tree. The lyrics do not actually refer to Christmas, or describe a decorated Christmas tree. Instead, they refer to the fir's evergreen quality as a symbol of constancy and faithfulness.
Anschütz based his text on a 16th-century Silesian folk song by Melchior Franck, "Ach Tannenbaum". In 1819 August Zarnack wrote a tragic love song inspired by this folk song, taking the evergreen, "faithful" fir tree as contrasting with a faithless lover. The folk song first became associated with Christmas with Anschütz, who added two verses of his own to the first, traditional verse. The custom of the Christmas tree developed in the course of the 19th century, and the song came to be seen as a Christmas carol. Anschütz's version still had treu (true, faithful) as the adjective describing the fir's leaves (needles), harking back to the contrast to the faithless maiden of the folk song. This was changed to grün (green) at some point in the 20th century, after the song had come to be associated with Christmas.

## Melody

The tune is an old folk tune attested in the 16th century. It is also known as the tune of "Es lebe hoch der Zimmermannsgeselle" ("Long Live the Carpenter’s Apprentice") and of "Lauriger Horatius" ("Time’s A-flying").

## Lyrics
### Notes

    ↑ A common variation replaces the word treu (faithful) with grün (green). ↑ Or Wie oft hat schon zur Winterzeit.

## Other uses

The tune has also been used (as a contrafactum) to carry other texts on many occasions. Notable uses include:
* "The Red Flag", anthem of the British and Irish Labour Parties
* Florida – "Florida, My Florida", former state song
* Maryland – "Maryland, My Maryland", former state song
* Michigan – "Michigan, My Michigan", widely believed to be the official state song
* Iowa – "The Song of Iowa", official state song
* Labrador – "Ode to Labrador", regional anthem
* Dickinson College's alma mater, "Noble Dickinsonia," with words written by Horatio Collins King.
* The College of the Holy Cross's alma mater is sung to the tune of "O Tannenbaum".
* When traveling by bus, schoolchildren in Sweden sing "En busschaufför" (Swedish for "a bus driver") or "Vår busschaufför" ("Our bus driver") to the melody.
* St. Bonaventure University's alma mater, "With Myrtle Wreath We'll Deck Thy Brow"
* Nankai University's alma mater is sung to the melody.
* St. John's University (New York City)'s alma mater is sung to the melody.
* "Scout Vespers", used by the Boy Scouts of America, "Old St. John's", is sung to the melody. Similarly, "Softly Falls" in which used by the Girl Scouts of the USA, is sung to the melody, as referenced in the song "On My Honor".
* In the 1988 movie Moon over Parador, the Parador National Anthem is sung to the melody.
# Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217

Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217 was a scheduled passenger flight between Baku and Aktau, Kazakhstan that crashed into the Caspian Sea at ca. 22:40 on 23 December 2005. The flight was operated by an Antonov An-140.

## Accident

Around five minutes after a night-time departure from Baku Airport, the crew reported a systems failure. Heading over the Caspian Sea at night without flight instruments made it difficult for the crew to judge their flight parameters. Whilst attempting to return to Baku, the aircraft crashed shortly afterwards on the shore of the Caspian Sea, killing all passengers and crew.

## Aftermath

Investigations from the Kharkiv State Aircraft Manufacturing Company have discovered that three independent gyroscopes were not providing stabilised heading and altitude performance information to the crew early in the flight.
# December 2005 HaSharon Mall suicide bombing

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The December 2005 HaSharon Mall bombing was a terror attack carried out on December 5, 2005 in the HaSharon Mall in Netanya, Israel. Five people were killed and over forty injured in the attack.
The Palestinian Islamist militant organization Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the attack.

## The attack

On Monday, 5 December 2005, at around 11:30 am, a Palestinian suicide bomber approached the entrance to the HaSharon Mall in the Israeli coastal city of Netanya; he detonated explosives hidden under his clothes when he approached the guards at the entrance for security inspection. Five people were killed in the attack, and more than 40 injured.
The Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility and identified the attacker as Lotfi Abu Saada, from the village of Illar in northern West Bank. In response, Israel killed two senior militants in a Gaza airstrike.
# Guste

Guste is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Roy F. Guste (1951–2021), American chef and cookbook writer
* William J. Guste (1922–2013), American lawyer and businessman
# Archibald Glenn

Sir Joseph Robert Archibald Glenn, OBE (24 May 1911 – 4 January 2012) was an Australian industrialist and founding Chancellor of La Trobe University.

## Biography

Glenn was born in 1911 and raised near Sale, Victoria. He was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne, where he moved after Sale High School found itself without a mathematics teacher. He studied engineering at the University of Melbourne and later in London. He joined ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries Australia, now known as Orica) where he became managing director for 25 years, retiring in 1973, and where he was Chairman for 10 years. During World War II he worked alongside Essington Lewis, who was in charge of war-related industry as Director-General of the Department of Munitions.
He was Chairman of the Scotch College Council from 1963 to 1981, and Ormond College Council from 1976 to 1981.
He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1965 and was knighted in 1966. He died on 4 January 2012, aged 100.
His first wife was Elizabeth "Betty" née Balderstone, whom he married in 1939. After Betty died in 1988, he married Sue Debenham. His four children included Di Gribble, editor, publisher and deputy chair of the ABC; she predeceased him by three months.
# Rodsley

Rodsley is a small village and civil parish about 4 miles (6 km) south of Ashbourne in Derbyshire. As the population of the village was less than 100 at the 2011 Census, details are included in the civil parish of Yeaveley.

## History

Nearby Hollington and Rodsley (then spelt Redeslei or Redlesleie) are included as manors in the 1086 Domesday Survey as belonging to Henry de Ferrers, who was given a large number of manors in Derbyshire. His descendants became the Earls of Derby and still owned land in Shirley in the nineteenth century. Mention is also made of the abbey of Burton as having an interest.
In 1881, Rodsley had a population of 136 people.
It has been calculated that in 1901, Rodsley represented the population centre of Britain. This centre has been travelling southwards through Longford (in 1911) and was lying somewhere near Appleby Parva on the Derbyshire to Leicestershire border in 2000.

## Notable residents

Saint Ralph Sherwin was born here in 1550. He was canonised (declared a saint) in 1970 and his feast day is 1 December – the day he died in 1581.
# The Walker School

The Walker School, formerly known as the Joseph T. Walker School, is a private school in Marietta, Georgia, United States, on Cobb Parkway (U.S. 41) in what was originally Sprayberry High School. It was founded in 1957 as the St. James Day School at St. James Episcopal Church near the Marietta square. In 1972 the school became an independent body as the Joseph T. Walker School. The school teaches students in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade at the same location.

## Awards and recognition

In both 1986 and 1988, the Walker School's magazine, Pegasus, received a Silver Crown Magazine award from the Columbia Scholastic Press Association. In 1988, the magazine was awarded in five separate categories, including for Fiction, Cover Design (two or more colors), Title and Contents Page, Spread Design, Graphics and for Typography (both Lettering and Calligraphy, as well as Logos and Endmarks). In 1985, 1991 and 1994, Pegasus was recognized as a Scholastic Circle Recipient by the Columbia Scholastic Press Association for Overall Design.
The school's 2005 valedictorian, Grace Lu, was designated a Presidential Scholar. Lu was one of two students selected in the state of Georgia out of a maximum of 141 students chosen nationwide.
A student at the school was one of ten students in 2006 nationally to receive the Prudential Spirit of Community Award, for her efforts organizing a fundraiser to help pay for reconstructive surgery for needy children.
Annual tuition ranges from just over $20,050 for preschool to just over $26,225 for the upper school.

## Summer day camps

During summer, the Walker School offers over 45 day camps and classes from Early Learners to 12th grade students.

## Notable alumni

* Robert Baker (2016), professional basketball player in the NBA G League
* Gino Groover (2020) – MLB baseball third baseman
* David Hale (2005) – Major League Baseball pitcher
* William LeGate (2013) – businessman, computer programmer, and former Thiell fellow
* Hunter Nourzad (2018) – American football center for the Cornell Big Red, the Penn State Nittany Lions, and the Kansas City Chiefs
* Brandon Stanton (2002) – bestselling author; Humans of New York founder/photographer; one of Time Magazine's 30 Under 30 People Changing The World
* Gabriel Weinberg (1997) – founder of DuckDuckGo
* Chris Wyatt (1993) – Napoleon Dynamite producer
# Dilip Pandey

Dilip Pandey (born 1 October 1980) is an Indian politician and has represented Timarpur as a Member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly from 2020 to 2025. He was the Convenor of the Delhi Unit of Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) between July 2014 and April 2017.

## Career

Pandey left his software job in 2013 to join the Aam Aadmi Party. Prior to this, Pandey worked for the Indian IT Major Tata Consultancy Services in the capacity of a Business consultant until FY 2011 and was posted at their Bangalore office.

## Political career

Pandey participated in the Anna Movement. He is a spokesperson and member of the screening committee of the Aam Aadmi Party. In January 2014, Pandey was appointed secretary for political activities in the national capital.
He took over as the convenor of the Delhi unit in July 2014. Under his co-convenorship, the AAP won 67 out of 70 seats in 2015 Delhi assembly elections. Pandey later submitted his resignation in April 2017 after the AAP failed to get the majority in the 2017 MCD elections.
He served as the official Spokesperson of the Aam Aadmi Party from 2014 to 2024.
Dilip has been nominated as the Aam Aadmi Party’s in-charge for Delhi's North East Lok Sabha constituency for the 2019 General Elections.
He defeated BJP's Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo) in the 2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election to win the Timarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency).
MLA Dilip Pandey was appointed Aam Aadmi Party's chief whip in the Delhi Assembly in March 2020.

## Electoral performance

Delhi Assembly elections, 2020: Timarpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Dilip Pandey | 71,432 | 57.60 | +6.55 |
| | BJP | Surinder Pal Singh (Bittoo) | 47,288 | 38.13 | +3.43 |
| | INC | Amar Lata Sangwan | 3,102 | 2.50 | −9.09 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 508 | 0.41 | −0.03 |
| | AAP(S) | Sonu Kaushik | 495 | 0.40 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 24,144 | 19.47 | +3.12 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,24,052 | 60.93 | −5.90 |
| | AAP hold | AAP hold | Swing | +6.55 | |