# 2018 San Francisco mayoral special election

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vte :
A special election was held for mayor of the City and County of San Francisco on June 5, 2018, to fill the remainder of the term of Ed Lee, who had died in office on December 12, 2017. Upon Lee's death, London Breed, president of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, became acting mayor of San Francisco, but a vote of six supervisors replaced Breed with Supervisor Mark Farrell. The mayoral election was held concurrently with the statewide direct primary election. In San Francisco, the election for the eighth district member of the board of supervisors was also on the ballot.
Eight candidates qualified to appear on the ballot, and a ninth qualified as a write-in. The four major candidates were former Supervisor Angela Alioto, former acting mayor London Breed, supervisor Jane Kim and former state senator Mark Leno. All four main candidates identified as Democrats, though the position is officially nonpartisan per the Constitution of California. The election was won by Breed, with Leno conceding the election on June 13. All local elections in California are nonpartisan.

## Background

Ed Lee, who was appointed mayor of San Francisco in 2011 following Gavin Newsom's election as lieutenant governor of California, elected to a full term in 2011, and reelected in 2015, died of cardiac arrest on December 12, 2017. London Breed, the president of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, became the city's acting mayor.
On January 23, 2018, the board of supervisors selected Mark Farrell to serve as interim mayor until the special election could be held. Citing Ron Conway's role as a benefactor to Breed, Supervisors Aaron Peskin and Jane Kim, considered the progressive members of the board, sought to deny Breed the benefits of incumbency going into the election.
As San Francisco elections use ranked choice voting, Kim and Mark Leno chose to align with each other, each endorsing the other as their preferred second choice.

## Candidates

The filing deadline was 5 p.m. on January 9, 2018.

### Qualified

The following eight candidates qualified for the ballot by filing all nomination documents and paying the filing fee. The deadline for a candidate to drop out of the race and remove himself or herself from the ballot was January 30, 2018.
* Angela Alioto, anti-discrimination attorney, former supervisor; unsuccessfully ran for mayor in 1991, 1995, and 2003
* Michelle Bravo, holistic health practitioner
* London Breed, former acting mayor; supervisor (5th district) and president of the board of supervisors
* Richie Greenberg, business consultant, Republican County Central Committee delegate
* Jane Kim, supervisor (6th district), former president of the San Francisco Board of Education
* Mark Leno, former supervisor, former state assemblyman, former state senator
* Amy Farah Weiss, homelessness activist
* Ellen Lee Zhou, social worker

### Declined

* David Chiu, state assemblyman
* Carmen Chu, city assessor-recorder
* Mark Farrell, supervisor (2nd district), later appointed interim mayor
* Dennis Herrera, city attorney (2002–present), former president of the city police commission
* Daniel Lurie, philanthropist, CEO of Tipping Point Community
* Scott Wiener, state senator

## General election
### Endorsements

Organizations
* San Francisco Police Officers Association
Organizations
* San Francisco Log Cabin Republicans LGBT
* San Francisco Republican Party
* Small Property Owners of San Francisco
Organizations
* Harvey Milk Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Democratic Club (dual endorsement with Mark Leno)
* Our Revolution
* Peace Officers Research Association of California (Jane Kim #1)
* The People for Bernie Sanders
* San Francisco Bicycle Coalition (dual endorsement with Mark Leno)
* San Francisco Democratic Party (endorsed as second choice; party endorsed Leno as first choice)
* San Francisco Deputy Sheriffs' Association (Jane Kim #1)
* Service Employees International Union, Local 1021
Politicians
* Tom Ammiano, former California State Assemblyman, LGBT rights activist
* John Avalos, former San Francisco supervisor
* Matt Gonzalez, former San Francisco supervisor
Organizations
* Alice B. Toklas LGBT Democratic Club
* Equality California
* Gay and Lesbian Victory Fund
* Harvey Milk Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Democratic Club (dual endorsement with Jane Kim)
* San Francisco Bicycle Coalition (dual endorsement with Jane Kim)
* San Francisco Democratic Party (endorsed as first choice)
* San Francisco Deputy Sheriffs' Association (Mark Leno #2)
Politicians
* Toni Atkins, president pro tempore, California Senate
* Sandra Lee Fewer, San Francisco supervisor
* John A. Perez, former Assembly Speaker state assemblyman from Los Angeles
* Aaron Peskin, San Francisco supervisor
* Ahsha Safaí, San Francisco supervisor
* Scott Wiener, state senator (jointly endorsed Breed and Leno)
* Norman Yee, San Francisco supervisor
Newspapers
* San Francisco Chronicle
Organizations
* San Francisco Firefighter's Union
* YIMBY Action
Politicians
* David Chiu, California state assemblymember
* Gabrielle Giffords, former congresswoman from Arizona (2007-2012)
* Mark Kelly, astronaut
* Pius Lee, Chinatown power broker
* Scott Wiener, state senator (jointly endorsed Breed and Leno)

### Polling

| Poll source | Date(s) administered | RCV Choice | Sample size | Margin of error | Angela Alioto | London Breed | Richie Greenberg | Jane Kim | Mark Leno | Other | Undecided |
| Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates | April 20–23, 2018 | First | 600 | ± 3.0% | 8% | 28% | 6% | 17% | 21% | — | — |
| Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research | March 28 – April 3, 2018 | First | 610 | ± 4.0% | 6% | 27% | — | 17% | 29% | — | 9% |
| Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates | February 22–28, 2018 | First | 462 | ± 4.6% | 8% | 29% | — | 26% | 19% | — | — |
| KPIX-TV/Survey USA | January 13–14, 2018 | First | 717 | ± 4.3% | 9% | 19% | — | 13% | 22% | — | — |
| SurveyUSA (with RCV) | January 10–14, 2018 | First | 462 | ± 4.6% | 9% | 19% | 4% | 14% | 22% | 6% | 22% |
| SurveyUSA (with RCV) | January 10–14, 2018 | Second | 385 | ± 5.1% | 16% | 19% | 6% | 10% | 25% | 7% | 16% |
| SurveyUSA (with RCV) | January 10–14, 2018 | Third | 306 | ± 5.7% | 13% | 12% | 9% | 16% | 15% | 8% | 26% |
| Public Policy Polling | December 18–19, 2017 | First | 627 | ± 4.0% | — | 20% | — | 5% | 26% | 26% | 23% |

## Results

First-place votes counted on election night had Breed leading with 35.6 percent, Leno in second with 25.9 percent, and Kim with 22.8 percent. As candidates began to be eliminated, Leno took the lead the next day. He maintained a small lead during the week. On June 9, Breed took the lead over Leno. On June 13, with only 8,000 ballots left to count, Leno conceded defeat and congratulated Breed on her victory.

### Results summary

The following table shows a summary of the instant runoff for the election. The table shows the round in which the candidate was defeated or elected the winner, the votes for the candidate in that round, and what share those votes were of all votes counting for any candidate in that round. There is also a bar graph showing those votes for each candidate and categorized as either first-round votes or votes that were transferred from another candidate.
San Francisco mayoral special election, 2018 :
| Candidate | Maximum round | Maximum votes | Share in maximum round | Maximum votes First round votesTransfer votes |
| London Breed | 9 | 115,977 | 50.55% | ​​ |
| Mark Leno | 9 | 113,431 | 49.45% | ​​ |
| Jane Kim | 8 | 66,043 | 27.81% | ​​ |
| Angela Alioto | 7 | 21,981 | 8.94% | ​​ |
| Ellen Lee Zhou | 6 | 10,637 | 4.28% | ​​ |
| Richie Greenberg | 5 | 7,242 | 2.89% | ​​ |
| Amy Farah Weiss | 4 | 1,735 | 0.69% | ​​ |
| Michelle Bravo | 3 | 900 | 0.36% | ​​ |
| Antoine R. Rogers (Write-in) | 2 | 3 | 0.00% | ​​ |
| Write-ins | 1 | 0 | 0.00% | ​​ |
San Francisco mayoral special election, 2018 First Round Ballot Summary :
| | Count | Share of Contest Ballots |
| Continuing Votes | 251,032 | 98.83% |
| Over Votes | 634 | 0.25% |
| Under Votes | 2,350 | 0.93% |
| Contest Ballots | 254,016 | 100.00% |
| Registered Voters | 481,991 | |
| Contest Turnout | 52.70% | |

### Vote counts by round

The following table shows how votes were counted in a series of rounds of instant runoffs. Each voter could mark which candidates were the voter's first, second, and third choice. Each voter had one vote, but could mark three choices for how that vote can be counted. In each round, the vote is counted for the most preferred candidate who has not yet been eliminated. Then one or more candidates with the fewest votes are eliminated. Votes that counted for an eliminated candidate are transferred to the voter's next most preferred candidate who has not yet been eliminated.
| Candidate | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Round 5 | Round 6 | Round 7 | Round 8 | Round 9 |
| London Breed | 92,121 | 92,121 | 92,124 | 92,243 | 92,442 | 93,605 | 96,392 | 102,767 | 115,977 |
| Mark Leno | 61,416 | 61,416 | 61,416 | 61,533 | 61,881 | 62,861 | 64,128 | 68,707 | 113,431 |
| Jane Kim | 60,738 | 60,738 | 60,738 | 60,829 | 61,422 | 61,843 | 63,261 | 66,043 | |
| Angela Alioto | 17,552 | 17,552 | 17,552 | 17,737 | 17,929 | 19,626 | 21,981 | | |
| Ellen Lee Zhou | 9,576 | 9,576 | 9,576 | 9,687 | 9,829 | 10,637 | | | |
| Richie Greenberg | 7,051 | 7,051 | 7,051 | 7,128 | 7,242 | | | | |
| Amy Farah Weiss | 1,675 | 1,675 | 1,675 | 1,735 | | | | | |
| Michelle Bravo | 900 | 900 | 900 | | | | | | |
| Antoine R. Rogers (Write-in) | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | |
| Write-in | 0 | | | | | | | | |
| Continuing votes | 251,032 | 251,032 | 251,032 | 250,892 | 250,745 | 248,572 | 245,762 | 237,517 | 224,009 |
| Exhausted ballots | 0 | 0 | 0 | 136 | 280 | 2,445 | 5,237 | 13,456 | 21,510 |
| Over votes | 634 | 634 | 634 | 638 | 641 | 649 | 667 | 693 | 748 |
| Under votes | 2,350 | 2,350 | 2,350 | 2,350 | 2,350 | 2,350 | 2,350 | 2,350 | 2,350 |
| Total | 254,016 | 254,016 | 254,016 | 254,016 | 254,016 | 254,016 | 254,016 | 254,016 | 254,016 |
Continuing votes are votes that counted for a candidate in that round. Exhausted ballots represent votes that could not be transferred because a less preferred candidate was not marked on the ballot. Voters were allowed to mark only three choices because of voting system limitations. Over votes are votes that could not be counted for a candidate because more than one candidate was marked for a choice that was ready to be counted. Under votes are ballots were left blank or that only marked a choice for a write-in candidate who had not qualified as a write-in candidate.