OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2001 Ballon d'Or

The 2001 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Michael Owen on 18 December 2001.
Owen was the fourth English national to win the award after Stanley Matthews (1956), Bobby Charlton (1966) and Kevin Keegan (1978, 1979).

## Rankings

| Rank | Player | Club(s) | Nationality | Points |
| 1 | Michael Owen | Liverpool | England | 176 |
| 2 | Raúl | Real Madrid | Spain | 140 |
| 3 | Oliver Kahn | Bayern Munich | Germany | 114 |
| 4 | David Beckham | Manchester United | England | 102 |
| 5 | Francesco Totti | Roma | Italy | 57 |
| 6 | Luís Figo | Real Madrid | Portugal | 56 |
| 7 | Rivaldo | Barcelona | Brazil | 20 |
| 8 | Andriy Shevchenko | Milan | Ukraine | 18 |
| 9 | Thierry Henry | Arsenal | France | 14 |
| 9 | Zinedine Zidane | Real Madrid | France | 14 |
| 11 | Bixente Lizarazu | Bayern Munich | France | 10 |
| 12 | David Trezeguet | Juventus | France | 7 |
| 13 | Stefan Effenberg | Bayern Munich | Germany | 6 |
| 14 | Henrik Larsson | Celtic | Sweden | 4 |
| 14 | Alessandro Nesta | Lazio | Italy | 4 |
| 16 | Juan Sebastián Verón | Lazio Manchester United | Argentina | 3 |
| 16 | Hernán Crespo | Lazio | Argentina | 3 |
| 18 | Giovane Élber | Bayern Munich | Brazil | 2 |
| 18 | Gaizka Mendieta | Valencia Lazio | Spain | 2 |
| 18 | Roberto Carlos | Real Madrid | Brazil | 2 |
| 18 | Damiano Tommasi | Roma | Italy | 2 |
| 18 | Sami Hyypiä | Liverpool | Finland | 2 |
| 18 | Emmanuel Olisadebe | Panathinaikos | Poland | 2 |
| 18 | Ebbe Sand | Schalke 04 | Denmark | 2 |
| 25 | Roberto Baggio | Brescia | Italy | 1 |
| 25 | Steven Gerrard | Liverpool | England | 1 |
| 25 | Rui Costa | Milan | Portugal | 1 |
| 28 | Sonny Anderson | Lyon | Brazil | 0 |
| 28 | Fabien Barthez | Manchester United | France | 0 |
| 28 | Gabriel Batistuta | Roma | Argentina | 0 |
| 28 | Gianluigi Buffon | Parma Juventus | Italy | 0 |
| 28 | Cafu | Roma | Brazil | 0 |
| 28 | Vincent Candela | Roma | France | 0 |
| 28 | Alessandro Del Piero | Juventus | Italy | 0 |
| 28 | Marcel Desailly | Chelsea | France | 0 |
| 28 | Rio Ferdinand | Leeds United | England | 0 |
| 28 | Ryan Giggs | Manchester United | Wales | 0 |
| 28 | Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink | Chelsea | Netherlands | 0 |
| 28 | Iván Helguera | Real Madrid | Spain | 0 |
| 28 | Harry Kewell | Leeds United | Australia | 0 |
| 28 | Patrick Kluivert | Barcelona | Netherlands | 0 |
| 28 | Samuel Kuffour | Bayern Munich | Ghana | 0 |
| 28 | Hidetoshi Nakata | Roma Parma | Japan | 0 |
| 28 | Pavel Nedvěd | Lazio Juventus | Czech Republic | 0 |
| 28 | Pauleta | Bordeaux | Portugal | 0 |
| 28 | Robert Pires | Arsenal | France | 0 |
| 28 | Paul Scholes | Manchester United | England | 0 |
| 28 | Lilian Thuram | Parma Juventus | France | 0 |
| 28 | Patrick Vieira | Arsenal | France | 0 |
| 28 | Eric Carrière | Nantes | France | 0 |
# Krar

Krar (Geʽez: ክራር) is a five-or-six stringed bowl-shaped lyre from Ethiopia and Eritrea. It is tuned to a pentatonic scale. A modern Krar may be amplified, much in the same way as an electric guitar or violin. The Krar, along with Masenqo and the Washint, is one of the most widespread musical instruments in Northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.

## Role in society
### Historical

In Amhara society, the krar was viewed as an instrument inspired by the Devil and was therefore inferior, whereas the Begena was for praising God and seen as sacred. The krar was used to adulate feminine beauty, create sexual arousal, and eulogize carnal love.
The Derg regime banned playing the krar and imprisoned people who played it, especially in the big cities such as Asmara and Addis Ababa. The instrument has been associated with brigands, outlaws, and Wata or Azmari wanderers. Wanderers played the krar to solicit food, and outlaws played it to sing an Amhara war song called Fano.

### Contemporary

Today, the krar which used to be the plaything of the Ethiopian and Eritrean, has become one of the most popular Ethiopian stringed instruments.
The krar is used in secular music, love songs, and poetry. It is popular among poet-musicians called Azmari or Wata.

## Features

A chordophone, the krar is usually decorated with wood, cloth and beads. Its five or six strings determine the available pitches. The instrument's tone depends on the musician's playing technique: bowing, strumming, or plucking. If plucked, the instrument will produce a soft tone. Strumming, on the other hand, will yield a harmonious pulsation.

## Resources

* Asnakech Worku, Ethiopiques 16: The Lady with the Krar (compact disc). Buda Musique 822652, 2003.
* Ethiopie, chants d'amour (Ethiopia, Love Songs). Fantahun Shewankochew, vocals and krar (compact disc). INEDIT/Maison des Cultures du Monde W260080, 1998.

## Films

* HELP! – Musikalische Geschichten aus Äthiopien. Directed by Daniel Schulz.
# Raymond Bardel

Raymond Bardel (17 December 1928 – 5 February 2018) was a Swiss footballer who played as a forward for FC Lausanne-Sport in the 1950–51 season. He was also the first person of color to play for the Switzerland national team.

## Career

Bardel was born in Yverdon-les-Bains, a town in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. He joined FC Lausanne-Sport, a club based in Lausanne, in 1949. He played as a forward for the club in the 1950–51 season of the Swiss Super League, the top tier of Swiss football, where Lausanne-Sport became league champions in the 1950–51 season. He left the club in 1952, moving on to play three years for Yverdon-Sport.

## Personal life

Bardel died on 5 February 2018 at the age of 89. He was buried in Roussillon, Isère, a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
# Tihomir Buinjac

Tihomir Buinjac (born 28 February 1974) is a Croatian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He is member of Croatian record relay 4 x 100m team with 39.76 sec. Personal best on 100m is 10.2 sec. He retired from International career in 2001.
# Flak-Bait

Flak-Bait is the Martin B-26 Marauder aircraft which holds the record within the United States Army Air Forces for the number of bombing missions survived during World War II. Manufactured in Baltimore, Maryland, as a B-26B-25-MA, by Martin, it was completed in April 1943, accepted by the United States Army Air Forces, and christened Flak-Bait by its first assigned pilot, James J. Farrell, who adapted the nickname of a family dog, "Flea Bait". Flak-Bait was assigned to the 449th Bombardment Squadron, 322d Bombardment Group stationed in eastern England.
During the course of its 202 (207 including its five decoy missions) bombing missions over Germany as well as the Netherlands, Belgium, and France, Flak-Bait lived up to its name by being shot with over 1,000 holes, returned twice on one engine (once with the disabled engine on fire), and lost its electrical system once and its hydraulic system twice. Despite the level of damage it received, none of Flak-Bait's crew was killed during the war and only one was injured. Over two years of operations Flak Bait accumulated 725 hours of combat time and participating in bombing missions in support of the Normandy Landings, the Battle of the Bulge, and Operation Crossbow against V-1 flying bomb sites.
A series of red-colored bombs is painted on the side of the aircraft, each representing an individual mission (202 bombs in total). White tails painted on the bombs represented every fifth mission. There is one black-colored bomb which represents a night mission. In addition to the bombs, there are also six red ducks painted on the aircraft representing decoy missions. There is also a detailed Nazi swastika painted above a bomb to represent Flak-Bait's only confirmed kill against a German aircraft.
On March 18, 1946, Major John Egan and Captain Norman Schloesser flew Flak-Bait for the last time, to an air depot at Oberpfaffenhofen, Bavaria. There, the famed bomber was disassembled, crated, and shipped in December 1946 to a Douglas Aircraft factory in Park Ridge, Illinois.

## Preservation

When the National Air and Space Museum opened in Washington, D.C., in 1976, the nose section of Flak-Bait was placed on display there, with the remainder of the aircraft in storage at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility in Silver Hill, Maryland. In 2014, all parts of Flak-Bait were moved to the Mary Baker Engen Restoration Hangar at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Virginia, for a comprehensive preservation and reassembly, which is ongoing as of early 2025.
# 1998 Trans America Athletic Conference baseball tournament

The 1998 Trans America Athletic Conference baseball tournament was held at Osceola County Stadium in Kissimmee, Florida. This was the twentieth tournament championship held by the Trans America Athletic Conference. FIU won their second tournament championship and earned the conference's automatic bid to the 1998 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

## Format and seeding

The top six finishers by overall winning percentage qualified for the tournament, with the top seed playing the lowest seed in the first round. College of Charleston was ineligible as it completed its transition from NAIA.
| Team | W | L | T | Pct. | Seed |
| South ||||||
| FIU | 36 | 22 | 0 | .621 | 1 |
| UCF | 39 | 19 | 0 | .672 | 3 |
| Stetson | 29 | 29 | 1 | .500 | 5 |
| Florida Atlantic | 29 | 28 | 0 | .509 | 6 |
| Team | W | L | T | Pct. | Seed |
| East ||||||
| Georgia State | 23 | 29 | 0 | .442 | — |
| College of Charleston | 31 | 26 | 0 | .544 | — |
| Campbell | 28 | 30 | 0 | .483 | — |
| Mercer | 27 | 26 | 1 | .509 | — |
| Team | W | L | T | Pct. | Seed |
| West ||||||
| Troy State | 34 | 19 | 0 | .642 | 2 |
| Jacksonville State | 34 | 18 | 0 | .654 | 4 |
| Centenary | 21 | 36 | 0 | .368 | — |
| Samford | 13 | 43 | 0 | .232 | — |

## Bracket

| First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round | Third round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | FIU | 9 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Florida Atlantic | 8 | 1 | FIU | 3 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 4 | Jacksonville State | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | UCF | 5 | | | | 1 | FIU | 3 | | | | | | |
| 4 | Jacksonville State | 0 | | | | 3 | UCF | 2 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 3 | UCF | 5 | | | | | | | 1 | FIU | 9 | — |
| | | | 5 | Stetson | 3 | | | | | | | 2 | Troy State | 4 | — |
| 2 | Troy State | 4 | | | | | | | 3 | UCF | 9 | | | | |
| 5 | Stetson | 5$^{10}$ | | | | 5 | Stetson | 3 | 2 | Troy State | 12 | | | | |
| | | | 2 | Troy State | 11 | 2 | Troy State | 8 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 6 | Florida Atlantic | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |

## All-Tournament Team

The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team.
| POS | Player | School |
| P | Edwin Franco | FIU |
| P | Trey Wright | Troy |
| C | Jeff Rodriguez | FIU |
| IF | Fred Case | Troy |
| IF | Jason Vetter | FIU |
| IF | Dustin Brisson | UCF |
| IF | Tim Boeth | UCF |
| OF | Ned French | Stetson |
| OF | Ricky Rowe | Troy |
| OF | Sean Mahoney | FIU |
| OF | Jim Molina | FIU |
| DH | Jorge Soto | Troy |

### Most Valuable Player

Edwin Franco was named Tournament Most Valuable Player. Franco was a pitcher for FIU.
# Kissei

Kissei Pharmaceutical is a pharmaceutical company based in Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. Products discovered or developed by Kissei include:
* Difelikefalin
* Fostamatinib (trade name Tavalisse)
* Linzagolix
* Mitiglinide (Glufast)
* Remogliflozin etabonate
* Silodosin (Urief)
* Tranilast (Rizaben)
In March 2020, Kissei and CG Oncology, Inc. announced an exclusive license, development, and commercialization agreement for CG's oncolytic immunotherapy drug CG0070. The agreement covered Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and other Asian countries, but not China.
# Takumi Kuki

Takumi Kuki (九鬼 巧, Kuki Takumi, born 18 May 1992) is a Japanese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.
He won the bronze medal in the Medley relay at the 2009 World Youth Championships in Athletics.

## Personal bests

| Event | Time | Wind | Venue | Date |
| Outdoor |||||
| 100 m | 10.19 s | +0.3 m/s | Tokyo, Japan | 6 September 2013 |
| Indoor |||||
| 60 m | 6.72 s | | Osaka, Japan | 5 February 2011 |

## International competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2009 | World Youth Championships | Brixen, Italy | 6th | 100 m | 10.88 (-1.2 m/s) |
| 2009 | World Youth Championships | Brixen, Italy | 3rd | Medley relay | 1:52.82 (1st leg) |
| 2009 | East Asian Games | Hong Kong, China | 2nd | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.40 (1st leg) |
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 9th (sf) | 100 m | 10.71 |
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.89 (1st leg) |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 12th (sf) | 100 m | 10.54 (wind: +1.4 m/s) |
# Heiner Rindermann

Heiner Rindermann (born 12 March 1966) is a controversial German psychologist and educational researcher.

## Academic career

Rindermann received a Ph.D. in psychology in 1995 on the subject of teacher evaluations from Heidelberg University and completed a Habilitation in 2005 on the topic of teacher quality at University of Koblenz and Landau. In September 2007 he was appointed professor for evaluation and methodology of developmental psychology at the University of Graz. Since April 2010, Rindermann holds the Chair of Educational and Developmental Psychology at the Technical University of Chemnitz.
Rindermann attended the 2018 London Conference on Intelligence, and was one of 15 attendees to collaborate on a letter defending the conference following media reports of its ties to white supremacy, neo-Nazism, and racist pseudoscience. The letter was published in Intelligence in 2018.

## Research

Rindermann does research in educational psychology, developmental psychology, differential psychology, pedagogy, and clinical psychology.

### Intelligence and education

A 2007 study by Rindermann found a high correlation between the results of international student assessment studies including TIMSS, PIRLS, and PISA, and national average IQ scores. The results were broadly similar to those in Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen's book IQ and the Wealth of Nations. According to Earl B. Hunt, due to there being far more data available, Rindermann's analysis was more reliable than those by Richard Lynn and Tatu Vanhanen. By measuring the relationship between educational data and social well-being over time, Rindermann also performed a causal analysis, finding that nations investing in education leads to increased well-being later on.
A 2024 paper by Rindermann titled "Surprisingly low results from studies on cognitive ability in developing countries" was retracted by the journal Discover Education when it was brought to the journal's attention that the dataset and methodology used in the research were scientifically unsound. The journal stated, "Independent post-publication peer review has confirmed fundamental flaws in the use of student assessment studies as a measure of IQ or cognitive ability, and in the prominence of individual examples taken from the author's life."
Some of Rindermann's work has concentrated on the "smart fraction" theory, which states that the prosperity and performance of a society depends on the proportion of the population that is above a particular threshold of intelligence, with the threshold point being well above the general median intelligence level in most societies.
Rindermann's book Cognitive capitalism: Human capital and the wellbeing of nations was released by Cambridge University Press in 2018.
# Journal of Medical Marketing

The Journal of Medical Marketing is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers four times a year in the field of Management. The journal's editor is Brian D Smith. It has been in publication since 2000 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

## Scope

The Journal of Medical Marketing publishes a range of practice papers, research articles and professional briefings written by experts in the industry. The journal contains articles that focus on the issues of key importance to medical marketers. The journal is primarily aimed at those in association with a company which may produce pharmaceuticals, medical devices or diagnostic equipment for the medical industry.

## Abstracting and indexing

The Journal of Medical Marketing is abstracted and indexed in the following databases:
   * ABI/INFORM
   * Business Source Complete
   * Business Source Corporate
   * Current Abstracts – EBSCO
   * SCOPUS
   * TOC Premier – EBSCO
# Dan Fleisch

Daniel "Dan" Fleisch is an American physicist who specializes in electromagnetics and space physics. He is a Professor Emeritus of Physics at Wittenberg University.
A minor planet is named after him.

## Biography

Fleisch earned his B.S. from Georgetown University and his M.S. and Ph.D. from Rice University in space physics and astronomy. He has been a professor at Wittenberg University since 1998.
Fleisch has provided science commentary for PBS station WYSO, and in 2006, appeared in the documentary The Dayton Codebreakers.

## Writing

Fleisch has authored several textbooks, including A Student's Guide to Maxwell's Equations (2008) and A Student's Guide to Vectors and Tensors (2011). His other works include A Student's Guide to the Mathematics of Astronomy and A Student's Guide to Waves, published in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In 2020, he published A Student's Guide to the Schrödinger equation. His work has been translated into multiple languages, including Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Italian.
# Clayton Kelly Gross

Clayton Kelly Gross (November 30, 1920 – January 10, 2016), from Walla Walla, Washington, was an Army Air Forces World War II Ace who shot down 6 enemy planes over Europe. Gross also flew planes in the D-Day invasion of Normandy, France both on June 5 and 6, 1944. He was a recipient of the American Fighter Aces Congressional Gold Medal, the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Silver Star. He flew in 105 combat missions during WWII.

## Education

* Lewis & Clark High School (1938)
* Gonzaga Prep (1938–1941)
* Aviation Cadet January (1941–1942)
* University of Southern California and Loyola University, B. S. 1954
* University of Oregon, D.M.D. 1958

## Career

In 1941, Clayton Kelly Gross was a 20-year-old aviation cadet with the Army Air Forces. He received his commission and the rank of second lieutenant in September 1942.
In 1943 Gross was assigned to the 354th Fighter Group and began flying P-51 Mustangs. from Britain. He became an ace with six confirmed aerial kills, including a jet-powered Me 262.

## D-Day

On the night of June 5, 1944, the night before the D-Day Invasion of France, Gross participated in a secret mission escorting gliders behind enemy lines at Normandy, France. On June 6, 1944, the date of D-Day, Gross flew a P-51 Mustang he named "Live Bait". His superior told him to fly low and attract enemy fire. Gross joked that he would be live bait.
In 1944 Gross was on a bombing mission over Berlin when he engaged Bf 109. An allied P-47 Accidentally shot Gross's P-51 and the 50 caliber bullet pushed the back of the cockpit into Gross's head. He flew 105 combat missions.
In 2006 he wrote and published his memoirs entitled: Live Bait: WWII Memoirs of an "Undefeated Fighter Ace".
In 2014 Gross was one of a handful of Aces who attended a White House ceremony with President Barack Obama to sign the H.R. 685, the American Fighter Aces Congressional Gold Medal Act, into law.

## Affiliations

* President of the American Fighter Aces Association (2015)

## Awards

* Congressional Gold Medal (2015)
* Silver Star
* Distinguished Flying Cross
* Air Medal
* Distinguished Units Citation

## Personal

Gross was born in Walla Walla, Washington, on Jan. 20, 1920, and he attended high school and was raised in Spokane, Washington. His first wife was named Gwendolyn Yeo, and together they had two children—a son, Mike; and a daughter, Mary. After Gwen's death, Gross married Ramona Bettendorf. Gross was a career dentist in Vancouver, Washington. He retired in 1998. He died in Sparks, Nevada, on Jan. 10, 2016.
# Sebastião Wolf

Sebastião Wolf (5 February 1869 – 15 March 1936) was a Brazilian sport shooter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he won the bronze medal with the Brazilian team in the team 50 metre free pistol competition.
In the 1920 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events:
* Team 30 metre military pistol - fourth place
* 50 metre free pistol - place unknown
# Valenki

Valenki (Russian: ва́ленки, IPA:; sg valenok (Russian: ва́ленок, IPA:)) are traditional Russian winter footwear, essentially felt boots: the name valenok literally means "made by felting". They are not water-resistant, and are often worn with galoshes to protect the soles from wear and moisture.

## Description

Valenki are usually worn for walking on dry snow in frosty weather. In order to prevent wear, the boots are often soled with leather, rubber or another durable material or worn with galoshes. Traditionally, valenki come in brown, black, gray and white, however, modern versions are often dyed or produced from colored artificial materials.
The use of felted footwear has been known for millennia, felt shoes have been found in Iron Age Siberian burials. The origin of valenki has been speculated to trace back to the traditional felt boots worn by nomads of the Great Steppe (including Southern Rus'). The first modern valenki appeared in the early eighteenth century and became more widespread as Russian industrialization progressed, becoming cheaper and more accessible.
Before the Russian Revolution, the production of valenki was concentrated in the Semenov district of Nizhny Novgorod province, in the Kineshma District of Kostroma province, and in the Kukmor in Kazan province. In 1900, contemporary jackboot fulling factories of Russia produced 1.4 million pairs of valenki for the value of 2.1 million rubles. In 1900, a pair of valenki cost 1.5 rubles, in 1912, 2 rubles, and at the end of 1916 the speculative price reached up to 12–18 rubles per pair.
Valenki have become less popular in urban life since the middle of the twentieth century, as human activity has softened the winters in cities, requiring lighter and more waterproof footwear. In modern media, valenki are seen as a rustic, old-fashioned style of clothing; in cities they are usually worn by small children, or during especially severe frost. Valenki are included in the standard equipment of parts of the internal military service of the Russian army.
# Bishanchander Seth

Bishanchander Seth was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Hindu Mahasabha.
# Guthrie baronets

There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname of Guthrie, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
The Guthrie Baronetcy, of Kingsward in the County of Banff, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1638 for Harry Guthrie. Nothing further is known of this title.
The Guthrie Baronetcy, of Brent Eleigh Hall in the County of Suffolk, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 6 February 1936 for the financier and public servant Connop Guthrie. The second Baronet was Managing Director of Brown, Shipley & Co. and chairman and chief executive of BOAC.
The Guthrie baronets of Craigiebank was created in 1999 and in 2001 was granted supporters for life

## Guthrie baronets, of Kingsward (1638)

* Sir Harry Guthrie, 1st Baronet

## Guthrie baronets, of Brent Eleigh Hall (1936)

* Sir Connop Thirlwall Robert Guthrie, KBE, 1st Baronet (1882–1945)
* Sir Giles Connop McEacharn Guthrie, OBE, DSC, 2nd Baronet (1916–1979)
* Sir Malcolm Connop Guthrie, 3rd Baronet (born 1942)
The heir apparent to the baronetcy is Giles Malcolm Welcome Guthrie (b. 1972), only son of the 3rd Baronet.

## Guthrie baronets of Craigiebank (1999)

* Charles Guthrie, Baron Guthrie of Craigiebank