OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maradi Region

The Region of Maradi is one of seven regions of Niger. It is located in south-central Niger, east of the Region of Tahoua, west of Zinder, and north of the Nigerian city of Katsina. The administrative centre is at Maradi. The population of the Region is predominantly Hausa.

## History

In 2021, a large gold mine collapse in the region killed 18 miners.

## Geography

Maradi borders Agadez Region to the north, Zinder Region to the east, Nigeria to the south (specifically the states of Katsina, Zamfara and Sokoto), and Tahoua Region to the west. Most of the 35,100 km² of land is classified as "Sahel", though the northern parts merge into the Sahara desert, and the very southern edges along the border with Nigeria get almost 600 mm a year in average rainfall, with some areas receiving as much as 650–700 mm in better years. Lake Madarounfa lies to the south of Maradi, into which flow the seasonal Goulbi N'Gabi and Goulbi N'Maradi rivers.

### Settlements

Maradi is the regional capital; other major settlements include Adjekoria, Aguie, Attantane, Azagor, Bader Goula, Baoudetta, Bermo, Birni Lalle, Chadakori, Dakoro, Dan-Goulbi, Djiratawa, El Allassane Maireyrey, Gababedji, Gabi, Gangara, Gazaoua, Guidan Amoumoune, Guidan Roumji, Guidan Sori, Hawandawaki, Issawane, Kanan-Bakache, Kollo, Koona, Korahane, Korgom, Kornaka, Madarounfa, Maiyara, Mar-Jirgui, Mayahi, Ourafane, Roumboui, Sabon-Machi, Safo, Sarkin Haoussa, Sarkin Yamma, Tagriss, Tchadoua, Tchake, Tessaoua and Tibiri.

## Administrative subdivisions

Maradi is divided into 8 Departments and one commune:
* Aguie Department
* Bermo Department
* Dakoro Department
* Gazaoua Department
* Guidan Roumdji Department
* Madarounfa Department
* Maradi City
* Mayahi Department
* Tessaoua Department

## Economy

The Niger-Nigeria border dips south below the Region's capital, forming an area sometimes called the "breadbasket" of Niger. While tobacco, mangoes, wheat, soy beans and even cotton are cultivated in some areas, the predominant crops are groundnuts, grown as a commercially, and millet, sorghum and cow peas, typically grown for domestic consumption.

## Demographics

Maradi is most densely populated region of Niger, with a population of 3,117,810 as of 2011. Culturally, Maradi Region forms the west central section of Nigerien Hausaland, which extends along the Nigerian border west to Dogondoutchi and east to just beyond Zinder. Other groups include the Fula people (including the Wodaabe, who predominate to the north and east of the region), and Tuareg peoples, especially in the north of the region and along major trade routes. The Tagdal language, thought to be a mixed Songhay-Tuareg language, is also spoken.
# Haraboti River

The Haraboti River (Bengali: হারাবতি নদী) is a river in the northern part of Bangladesh (commonly known as North Bengal). It passes through Joypurhat District. The siltation of the river has led to discussions to dredge the Haraboti, and three other rivers, the Chiri, Chhota Jamuna and Tulshiganga.
# Shaolin Sándor Liu

Shaolin Sándor Liu (Chinese: 劉少林; pinyin: Liú Shàolín; Mandarin pronunciation:; born 20 November 1995) is a Chinese-Hungarian Olympic champion short track speed skater. He has won one gold and one bronze as part of the Hungarian team in short track speed skating relays at the 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics. He has chosen to change nationality that may allow him to compete for China in 2024.

## Career

Born and raised in Hungary to a Chinese father and a Hungarian mother, Liu started the sport in 2006. Before taking up skating, Liu and his brother Shaoang swam for two years, but they frequently got colds as a result. After looking for different sports to compete in, they took up short track speed skating.
In 2006, the World Championships were held in Hungary. Their father assisted the Chinese team during their stay, helping with their stay and guiding them around. After the Chinese team suggested his two sons should go train in China due to their half-Chinese ethnicity, Liu's father agreed to take the boys to China, where they trained for one and a half years. After returning from China, they began to win various minor European competitions. In 2012, Zhang Jing came from China to coach Liu and his brother.
Liu represented Hungary at the 2014 Winter Olympics. He has won multiple medals at the World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships, and placed third overall at the 2016 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships.
He finished in fifth position at the 2018 Winter Olympics in the men's 1500 m event before winning gold in the 5000 m relay, which was also Hungary's first-ever Winter Olympics title.
At the 2022 Winter Olympics held in Beijing, Liu was disqualified for an infringement despite finishing first in the men's 1000m final. He won a bronze in the mixed 2000 m relay.
In November 2022, Liu and his brother requested consent from the Hungarian National Skating Federation to allow them to change nationality, a request which was granted a month later in December, but they would need to sit out for 12 months with the change in nationality.

## Personal life

Liu's younger brother Shaoang Liu is also a short track speed skater. He was second in the 1500 m, third in the 500 m, and fifth overall at the 2016 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships. Though born to a Chinese father from Tianjin, Liu speaks Chinese with a noticeable Northeastern accent due to his year and a half spent in the Northeastern region of China. He was in a relationship with fellow speed skater Elise Christie from 2015 to 2018.
# Taratala

Taratala is a neighbourhood of Kolkata (Calcutta), in Kolkata district, West Bengal, India. It is located in the southern part of the city.

## Geography

Taratala is situated at the southern part of Kolkata, surrounded by Garden Reach (west and north-west), Behala (south and south-east), Mominpur and Majherhat (north) and New Alipore (east).

### Police district

Taratala police station is part of the South West division of Kolkata Police. Located at 63, Taratala Road, Kolkata-700088, it has jurisdiction over the police district which is bordered on the north along the southern fencing of old Budge Budge Railway line from Diamond Harbour Road to the western limit of Port Commissioner's land.; on the east by Diamond Harbour Road (road excluded) from Majerhat Bridge up to the extreme Southern limit of CPC land as also limit of Calcutta Municipal boundary. Then following Port Commissioner's Port Land Park to its junction of Raja Santosh Road and crossing the road, then following the southern side of Raja Santosh Road, running straight towards west up to where it meets Diamond Harbour Road, high level approach portion of Majerhat Bridge, then southwards following the eastern side of Diamond Harbour Road and Majerhat Bridge to the northern boundary of the railway line at Majerhat; on the south from Diamond Harbour Road extreme southern boundary pillars of CPC land west-wards along the Calcutta Municipal boundary, where it meets Banamali Naskar Road, thence by the north side of Banamali Naskar Road to its junction with Budge Budge Road thence along southern and western boundary of CPC Land; and on the west along the western extremity of CPC Land from Budge Budge Road up to level crossing of old Budge Budge Railway line.
Behala Women police station, located at the same address as above, covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the South West division i.e. Sarsuna, Taratala, Behala, Parnasree, Thakurpukur and Haridevpur.

## Education

Taratala has many educational institutes for higher studies like Institute of Hotel Management Kolkata. Some popular schools near Taratala are Mint School, Meghmala Roy Education Centre, St. Joseph and Mary's School, Ruby Park Public School, DAV Public School, M.P.Birla Foundation H.S. School, National Gems School, Orient Day School, Vivekananda Mission School, Gurukul School, Sunny Preparatory School, Mother's Mission School, South End Academy, Oxford Mission school. Some of the popular career Counselling and job consultancies near Taratala are ICA, NIIT Behala, Arena Multimedia, Aptech Behala, Alankrita Careers, Alankrita Tutorials, Pathfinder. Marine Engineering & Research Institute.
# Wilroads Gardens, Kansas

Wilroads Gardens is a census-designated place (CDP) in Ford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 639. It is located about one mile south of Highway 50 at 117 Rd.

## Education

The community is served by Dodge City USD 443 public school district.
# Thai Roong Ruang

The Thai Roong Ruang Group (TRR Group, Thai: กลุ่มไทยรุ่งเรือง) is Thailand's and Asia's second-largest sugar producer.
The company was founded by Suri Asdathorn in 1946 during a period of post-World War II sugar shortage. The company grew through Suri's successful investments in the rapidly expanding market, as well as his connections in the governments of Plaek Phibunsongkhram and Sarit Thanarat. By 1971, the company's group of factories contributed to 40 percent of the country's sugar production capacity. The company has since branched out into include renewable energy production (from biomass) and warehouse operation via its subsidiary businesses. TRR is currently not listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.
# Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context

The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (informally called the Espoo Convention) is a United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) convention signed in Espoo, Finland, in 1991 that entered into force in 1997. The Convention sets out the obligations of Parties—that is States that have agreed to be bound by the Convention—to carry out an environmental impact assessment of certain activities at an early stage of planning. It also lays down the general obligation of States to notify and consult each other on all major projects under consideration that are likely to have a significant adverse environmental impact across boundaries.
As of April 2014, the treaty had been ratified by 44 states and the European Union.

## Amendments

The convention has been amended twice. The first amendment was adopted in Sofia in 2001; it has entered into force 26 August 2014. It opens the convention to accession upon approval by United Nations Member States that are not members of the UNECE. The second amendment was adopted in Cavtat, Croatia, in 2004; as for the September 2016, it is not in force yet.Once in force it will: allow, as appropriate, affected Parties to participate in scoping; require reviews of compliance; revise the convention's Appendix I (list of activities); and make other minor changes.

## Procedure

The Convention involves a Party (or Parties) of origin (States where an activity is planned) and an affected Party (or Parties) (States whose territory may be significantly adversely affected by the activity). The convention's main procedural steps are:
* application of the convention by the Party of origin (Art. 2.2, 2.5/App. I+III)
* notification of the affected Party by the Party of origin (Art. 3.1)
* confirmation of participation by the affected Party (Art. 3.3)
* transmittal of information from the affected Party to the Party of origin (Art. 3.6)
* public participation in the affected Party (Art. 3.8)
* preparation of EIA documentation (Art. 4/App. II)
* distribution of the EIA documentation for the purpose of participation of authorities and public of the affected Party (Art. 4.2)
* consultation between the concerned Parties (Art. 5)
* final decision by the Party of origin (Art. 6.1)
* transmittal of final decision documentation to the affected Party (Art. 6.2)
* post-project analysis (Art. 7.1/App. V)

## Inquiry commissions

Article 3(7) of the convention offers a procedure by which parties can solve differences by scientific, non-judicial means. The first case in which an inquiry commission was established under article 3(7) was that of the Bystroe Canal, at the request of Romania in 2004.
A case which involved countries far apart on the globe was raised by Micronesia, which claimed that the Czech coal-fired plant at Prunerov was significantly affecting its climate due to global warming.

## Related issues

The convention was also instrumental in the creation of Strategic Environmental Assessment and has been supplemented by a Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment.
# Sara Holmgren

Sara Holmgren (born 1979) is a Swedish former handball player. She played for IK Lågan and Team Skåne EIK in her home country, Horsens HK and FCK Håndbold in Denmark and HC Leipzig in Germany. The also played for the Swedish national team. She participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics in China, where the Swedish team placed eighth.

## Career

Holmgren started playing handball at IK Lågan from her home town Hörby, where she played until she debuted for the Swedish national team at the age of 19. She then joined Team Skåne EIK, before moving to Denmark to become a professional handball player. Here she played four years for Horsens HK before joining FCK Håndbold. In 2004 she won the Danish Cup with Horsens HK.
Her last club was German HC Leipzig where she played for two years and won two Championships.

## Post player career

She has a degree in Medicine. In this role she has been a part of staff around the Swedish national team.
In 2014 she was elected for the Swedish Handball Federation board.
# Qez Qabri-ye Ebrahim

Qez Qabri-ye Ebrahim (Persian: قزقبري ابراهيم, also Romanized as Qez Qabrī-ye Ebrāhīm and Qez Qebrī-ye Ebrāhīm; also known as Qez Qebrī-ye Yek) is a village in Baladarband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 130, in 27 families.
# Qez Qabri-ye Doktor Habib

Qez Qabri-ye Doktor Habib (Persian: قزقبري دكترحبيب, also Romanized as Qez Qabrī-ye Doktor Ḩabīb and Qez Qebrī-ye Doktor Ḩabīb; also known as Kazkabrī, Qez Qabrī, and Qez Qebrī-ye Chahār) is a village in Baladarband Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 96, in 22 families.
# The Descent from the Cross (Rubens, 1600–1602)

Descent from the Cross is an oil-on-canvas painting of 1600–1602 by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, now in the Siegerlandmuseum in the Oberes Schloss in Siegen. It was his first major commissioned work made for the private chapel of Eleonora de’ Medici Gonzaga (1567–1611), duchess of Mantua. The painting remained somewhat obscure until 2001, when it was discovered by German art historian Justus Müller-Hofstede, a specialist on Rubens' early work.

## Description

The large-size altarpiece revolutionizes the usual illustrations of Jesus' Descent from the Cross of the Cinquecento and engrosses the idea of the holy Eucharist: The kneeling lady in the foreground as a symbolic embodiment of the duchess who receives the Body of Christ like a lover for supper (cf. John 6:54–59). Stylistically, the painting is comparable to another early work created approximately at the same time: The Elevation of the Cross for the chapel of the church Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, which offers the same perspective to the mourning group of women.

## History

Rubens knew the descent from the cross (pieta bandini) by Michelangelo, which he may have seen in Rome or else knew by an engraving by Cherubino Alberti. Engaged by the duchess of Mantua, Eleonora Gonzaga, Rubens joined a competition (paragone) with the sculptor and created a new composition. Rubens adjusted the commissional work for the duchess Eleonora de’ Medici in Mantua exactly to the dimensions of the reredos. Rubens as the creator of the painting is proven archivally since it was copied by the court painter Francesco Marcoleoni in 1611 (after the duchess' death) for the church Santa Maria Assunta in Susano.
The historic text describes Marcoleoni's copy and Rubens' original reference as follows: [...] Un Christo che togliono di croce, che coppiò messer Francesco Marco Leone che viene da Pietro Paolo Fiamingo, et è originale nella capella di Santa Croce di sopra in Corte [...].
After early drafts (Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg), Rubens devoted himself also in later periods to the idea of the Descent from the Cross, among them the famous triptych The Descent from the Cross in Antwerp and works on the subject in Lille, St Petersburg and Arras (1610).
* Pencil, ink, and ink wash on paper, St. Petersburg, Hermitage
* St. Petersburg, Hermitage, (1604-1614)
* Antwerp, Cathedral of Our Lady (1612)
* Valenciennes, Museum (1614–1615)
* Saint-Omer, Cathedral Notre-Dame (1616)
* Lille, Museum (1617–1618)
* Saint Petersburg, Hermitage Museum (1618)
# Bashir Al Helal

Bashir Al Helal (6 January 1936 – 31 August 2021) was a Bangladeshi novelist. In 1969 he was appointed as the co-principal of the Bangla Academy. He then became the Vice-Chancellor of the Bangla Academy. Most recently, he served as the director of the Bangla Academy. He retired in 1993. He has been working in Bangla Academy for about 24 years. In order to establish well. He wrote about Enamul Haque's contribution in the book 'History of Bangla Academy'.

## Education and life

Bashir Al-Helal was born on 6 January 1936 in Mir Para village of Talibpur in Murshidabad district. After being handcuffed by his father, he was admitted to Talibpur Pathshala. Then he was admitted in the primary section of HE High School in Talibpur village. There he studied until 6th class. Admitted to Rajshahi Collegiate School in 7th class. After studying in Rajshahi for one year, he was admitted in 9th class in Setabganj High School and matriculated from there.
He passed IA from Calcutta Government College in 1954. He then got admission in AC College, Jalpaiguri with Honors in Bengal. After passing Honors from this college in 1957, he moved to Calcutta. There he was admitted to Calcutta University for his MA in Bengali. In 1956 he passed MA in Bengal from Calcutta University.

## Works
### Novels

* Kalo Ilish (The Black Hilsha, 1979)
* Ghritakumari (The Aloe, 1984)
* Shesh Panpatra (The Last Drinking Vessel, 1986)
* Nurjahander Madhumas (Spring of the Nurjahans, 1988)
* Shishirer Deshe Avijan (An Expedition in the Land of Dew, 1990)

### History books

* Bhasha Andoloner Itihas (The History of Bengali Language Movement, 1985)
* History of Bangla Academy (Bangla Academy't Itihas)

## Awards

* Alaol Literary Award (1991)
* Bangla Academy Literary Award (1993)
# Johannes van der Corput

Johannes Gaultherus van der Corput (4 September 1890 – 13 September 1975) was a Dutch mathematician, working in the field of analytic number theory.
He was appointed professor at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) in 1922, at the University of Groningen in 1923, and at the University of Amsterdam in 1946. He was one of the founders of the Mathematisch Centrum in Amsterdam, of which he also was the first director. From 1953 on, Van der Corput worked in the United States at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Van der Corput introduced the Van der Corput lemma, a technique for creating an upper bound on the measure of a set drawn from harmonic analysis, and the Van der Corput theorem on equidistribution modulo 1.
He became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1929, and foreign member in 1953. He was a Plenary Speaker of the ICM in 1936 in Oslo.
# William van Brederode (admiral)

Willem van Brederode (1380 – France 1451) was an admiral-captain and an important partisan of the Hook faction during the Hook and Cod wars.
He was the son of Reinoud I van Brederode and Jolanda van Gennep van der Eem. William was knighted in 1402 by William VI, count of Holland. William was strongly aligned with the Hook faction and supported Jacqueline of Bavaria in her claims on the inheritance of Holland and Zeeland, and he was present at the siege of Haarlem as commander of the fleet situated along the Spaarne river. He lost the naval battle of Wieringen, but managed to secure his freedom through his noble status. He again supported Jacqueline during the siege of Gouda, but this battle was also lost. William died at the age of 71 in France.
William van Brederode married Margaretha van Merwede and Stein, but their marriage remained childless.
# Fremont County School District Number 14

Fremont County School District #14 is a public school district based in Ethete, Wyoming, United States.

## Geography

Fremont County School District #14 is located in central Fremont County and serves the following communities:
* Census-designated places (Note: All census-designated places are unincorporated.)
** Boulder Flats (most)
** Ethete (most)

## Schools

* Wyoming Indian High School (Grades 9–12)
* Wyoming Indian Middle School (Grades 6–8)
* Wyoming Indian Elementary School (Grades PK-5)

## Student demographics

The following figures are as of October 1, 2009.
* Total District Enrollment: 536
* Student enrollment by gender
** Male: 278 (51.87%)
** Female: 258 (48.13%)
* Student enrollment by ethnicity
** American Indian or Alaska Native: 534 (99.63%)
** Hispanic or Latino: 1 (0.19%)
** White: 1 (0.19%)
# Oil Price Information Service

Oil Price Information Service (OPIS) is a price reporting agency which provides information that is used for commercial contracts and trade settlement related to petroleum, gasoline, diesel, ethanol, biodiesel, LP-gas, jet fuel, crude, natural gas, petrochemicals, recycled plastics, refinery feedstocks, residual fuel, and kerosene. It is based in Rockville, Maryland and has offices in New Jersey, Houston, Texas, Minnesota, and internationally in Sweden, Romania, Singapore, and Japan.
On August 2, 2021, it was announced that News Corp, the parent company of Dow Jones & Co., would buy OPIS from IHS Markit for US$1.15 billion. When the purchase was finalized on February 28, 2022, the company became a unit of News Corp.

## History

OPIS is one of the four main Price Reporting Agencies (PRAs) for oil market price reporting including daily market price assessments. The other three are Platts, Argus Media and ICIS according to the International Organization of Securities Commissions.
OPIS is regarded as a benchmark in multiple areas such as Propane and NGL (Natural gas liquids). In 2016 it made four new contracts for trading at ICE Futures Europe.

## Acquisitions

1996 - OPIS acquired the Stalsby/Wilson Directory business and Computer Petroleum Corp. (CPC). 2005 - OPIS acquired Axxis Software. 2012 - OPIS acquired PointLogic Energy (formerly LCI Energy Insight). 2013 - OPIS acquired GasBuddy. 2015 – OPIS acquires NAVX, the leading European and South American provider of retail fuel pricing, parking and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging location information. 2016 – IHS acquires OPIS for $650 Million. 2018 - OPIS acquires Petrochem Wire. 2022 - News Corp acquires OPIS and merges it with Dow Jones