OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Drug policy of Poland

The drug policy of Poland traces its origin to the 1920s.
In the Second Polish Republic, the 1923 Act introduced criminalization of the production, processing, export, import, storage or marketing of a number of narcotic drugs listed therein, authorizing the Minister of Health to expand their list if necessary. The threatened penalty was imprisonment for up to 5 years and a fine or one of these penalties. Polish Penal Code of 1932 [pl] in art. 244, stated that a person giving another person an intoxicating poison without authorization was liable to imprisonment for up to 5 years of impironment.
In the Polish People's Republic, the phenomenon of drug addiction was ignored by the authorities for a long time due to the propaganda line that it was a problem that plagued only capitalist countries. It was only in the 1980s that drug addiction began to be treated as a serious social problem (among other things, in order to highlight the mistakes of the Edward Gierek government's policy, which its successors tried to blame for various problems) and appeared in the public debate, which resulted in the adoption of the first act in Poland on January 31, 1985, on counteracting drug addiction. It adopted a preventive and therapeutic model for preventing drug addiction, without criminalizing, for example, possession of controlled substances. For providing, inducing or facilitating use for the purpose of material or personal gain, the law threatened imprisonment for up to 10 years (Article 32).
After the fall of communism in Poland, the changes in Poland in the 1990s also influenced the nature of the drug scene, leading to the adoption of a new act on counteracting drug addiction on April 24, 1997. In addition to other changes (increased liability in the event of providing funds to a minor in Article 46), it regulated the issue of substitution treatment and criminalized the possession of controlled substances, with the exception of small amounts intended for personal use. This exception for small quantities was not included in the subsequent version of the law in October 2000. Assessment of the effects of criminalizing drug possession for personal use is the subject of public debate.
The currently applicable Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction [pl] was passed in 2005. In Art. 59, it maintains stricter liability for providing narcotics to a minor.
In 2010, the concept of substitute measures was introduced into the Act, criticized by many lawyers as imprecise, in order to combat the designer drugs.
The 2011 amendment to the Act introduced a provision that allows the prosecutor's office to discontinue proceedings in the event of possession of small amounts of drugs for personal use. It also obliged the prosecutor's office to collect information about the suspect's addiction. This amendment was positively assessed in its report in 2014 by the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights.
# Mongrel (band)

Mongrel were a British band formed in 2008, founded by former Arctic Monkeys bassist Andy Nicholson. Alongside Nicholson in the band were Joe Moskow, both of Reverend and The Makers, Babyshambles bassist Drew McConnell as well as London rapper Lowkey from the Poisonous Poets.
Mongrel released their first album Better Than Heavy on 7 March 2009. In 2011, McClure was asked if there were plans to release anymore music. He said Mongrel was a side project and a one off.

## Better Than Heavy

Better Than Heavy was released on Saturday 7 March 2009 free in The Independent newspaper. For the album, McClure stated "We had Saul Williams come in and do a thing on it [. . .] We're really taking a few people to task, kind of like we're Public Enemy or something." It was the first time a British band had given their début album away free with a national newspaper on release. The full release, 23 March 2009, contains two CDs, Disc 2 is a reworked version of "Better Than Heavy" by Adrian Sherwood at On-U Sound Studios, tracks are re-titled Dub versions.

## Discography
### Albums

* Better Than Heavy (2009)
# Lepicolea

Lepicolea is a genus of liverworts belonging to the family Lepicoleaceae.
The genus was first described by Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier.
The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, but mostly in the southern hemisphere. Lepicolea ochroleuca is found in Chile and Brazil, Lepicolea prudent is found in Colombia and Lepicolea ramenifissa is found in Venezuela and Bolivia.
Lepicolea ochroleuca also belongs to the Gondwanaland flora with occurrences in South Africa, New Zealand and especially South America, reaching up to Mexico. It was also found to contains a natural compound called Ligan, and also Sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids.

## Species

As accepted by GBIF;
* Lepicolea abnormis Stephani
* Lepicolea algoides Stephani
* Lepicolea attenuata (Mitt.) Steph.
* Lepicolea bidentula (Steph.) R.M.Schust.
* Lepicolea boliviensis Steph.
* Lepicolea fissa Stephani
* Lepicolea flaccida Stephani
* Lepicolea georgica Stephani
* Lepicolea herzogiana Steph.
* Lepicolea longifissa Stephani
* Lepicolea loriana Stephani
* Lepicolea magellanica (Gola) Solari
* Lepicolea norrisii Piippo
* Lepicolea ochroleuca (Spreng.) Spruce
* Lepicolea pruinosa (Taylor) Spruce
* Lepicolea ramenifissa Herzog
* Lepicolea ramentifissa Herzog
* Lepicolea rara (Steph.) Grolle
* Lepicolea rigida (De Not.) E.B.Scott
* Lepicolea scolopendra (Hook.) Dumort. ex Trevis.
* Lepicolea simplicior Herzog
* Lepicolea yakushimensis (S.Hatt.) S.Hatt.
* Lepicolea yakusimensis (S.Hatt.) S.Hatt.
# ReelAbilities

ReelAbilities is the United States' largest film festival dedicated to showcasing films by, or about, people with disabilities. It was founded by JCC Manhattan in New York City in 2007.

## Overview

The Festival's Co-directors are Isaac Zablocki and Ravit Turjeman. ReelAbilities strives to make the festival as fully accessible as possible. In 2012, it screened films in 23 locations in all five of New York City's boroughs. All films screened by the Festival are captioned. It is also "the only festival in New York that prints film programs in Braille and features audio descriptions for the blind".
In March 2015, the NY edition of the festival opened on the Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum and was featured for 7 days in 37 venues throughout the greater NY metropolitan area.
ReelAbilities is now a touring film festival throughout the United States. Cities on its itinerary include:
* Atlanta
* Bay Area
* Boston
* Columbus
* Cincinnati
* Chicago
* Greater D.C.
* Houston
* Minneapolis/St. Paul
* New Jersey
* New York City
* Philadelphia
* Pittsburgh
* Richmond, Virginia

## Programming

Disabilities of any kind are explored in the films in the ReelAbilities Film Festival programming. In 2012, films featured included disabilities such as autism, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, blindness and mental health. ReelAbilities screens films from the United States as well as international films, including from countries such as Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
According to Festival Director Isaac Zablocki, most of the films originate outside the United States:
   ...specifically in Europe, where there's traditionally a lot of smaller films and access to government funds. Lots of these films are amazing, and, best of all, we get to show premieres. Many of the films are embraced outside of the U.S., but we're often the first or only American festival to show these movies.
Jeff Remz, a communications and marketing manager of the Boston Jewish Film Festival, helped sponsor ReelAbilities in Boston in 2012. Remz says, "Disabilities don't know boundaries by way of country, ethnicity, religion, or community."
# United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation

The United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) is a grant-awarding institution that promotes collaborative research in a wide range of basic and applied scientific disciplines, established in 1972 by an agreement between the governments of the United States and Israel. Numerous scientists participating in BSF programs have won prestigious awards such as the Nobel, Lasker and Wolf prizes. The Foundation grant recipients include 43 Nobel Prize laureates, 19 winners of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award, and 38 recipients of the Wolf Prize.

## Funding and structure

The BSF's income is derived from interest on an endowment of $100 million which was established in equal parts by the United States and Israeli governments. The organization is governed by a Board of Governors consisting of five American and five Israeli members, appointed by their respective governments. The BSF's base of operations is in Jerusalem.

## Grants

Grants are awarded on a competitive, peer-reviewed basis, a process juried by scientists from the United States, Israel and around the world. To be eligible for consideration, grant requests must be of outstanding scientific quality and demonstrate substantive collaboration between American and Israeli principal investigators. They must be for peaceful purposes and conducted under the aegis of not-for-profit institutions such as universities, research institutes and governmental bodies.

## Memorial Awards
### The Bergmann Memorial Award

    The award for promising young scientists, established in February 1976, to honor professor E.D. Bergmann ( - 1975), an organic chemistry researcher and one of the leaders who established the BSF.

### The Neufeld Memorial Award

    The award on new projects in the health sciences, established in 1987, to honor professor Henry Neufeld ( - December 1986), the chief scientist of the Israel Ministry of Health, and the founder and director of the Cardiac Clinic in Sheba Medical Center.

### The Pazy Memorial Award

    The award on new projects in the mathematical sciences, established in 2007, to honor professor Amnon Pazy ( - August 2006), a mathematician, the presidency of Hebrew University, and the chairperson of the Planning and Budgeting Committee of the Council for Higher Education VATAT.
# Outlook (radio programme)

Outlook is a radio programme on BBC World Service that broadcasts human interest stories from across the globe. It broadcasts from Monday to Friday from 1206 to 1250 GMT.

## History

This programme was first broadcast on 4 July 1966 by BBC. It began as a straightforward magazine programme and was presented for more than thirty years by John Tidmarsh. More recently, it has been praised for a consistent ability to uncover fascinating stories. It was credited with bringing solace to Terry Waite after his abduction by Islamic extremists in Beirut in 1987.
Corruption of any kind is a favourite topic on the show and it has achieved recognition for its high production values alongside other BBC radio programmes.
The programme previously had a weekend edition titled Outlook Weekend which formerly aired on Saturdays from 2332 to 2359 GMT. It has since been replaced by an extra weekday edition of Outlook on Fridays starting on 5 April 2024 known as the Outlook Mixtape.

## Presenters

The first presenters were former BBC war correspondent Bob Reid, John Tidmarsh and Colin Hamilton. Other regular presenters have included John McCarthy, Barbara Myers, John Waite, Mike Bullen, Janet Trewin, Frank Partridge, Caroline Wyatt, Frederick Dove (between 1997 and 2008), Heather Payton, George Arney, Lucy Ash, Rajan Datar and Matthew Bannister (between 2008 and 2018). As of November 2024, it is presented by Jo Fidgen, Asya Fouks, Mobeen Azhar, India Rakusen and Emily Webb from BBC Broadcasting House in London.
In June 2020, Abdulmalik Fahd and Helen Oyibo were listed as presenters based in Lagos, Nigeria.

## Past theme music

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s its theme music was "The Hellraisers" by Syd Dale.
# Racism by country

The article lists the state of race relations and racism in a number of countries.
Various forms of racism are practiced in most countries on Earth. In individual countries, the forms of racism which are practiced may be motivated by historic, cultural, religious, economic or demographic reasons. Wars triggered sentiments of ultra-nationalism, ethnic pride and racism.
Racism is widely condemned throughout the world, and as a result, 89 states are signatories of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination as of 7 March 2013.
* Racism in Asia
** Racism in India
** Racism in Japan
** Racism in Iran
** Racism in UAE
** Racism in Saudi Arabia
** Racism in the Philippines
** Racism in Malaysia
** Racism in Indonesia
** Racism in North Korea
** Racism in South Korea
** Racism in Israel
** Racism in Vietnam
** Racism in China
** Racism in Thailand
* Racism in Africa
** Racism in Libya
** Racism in South Africa
** Racism in Sudan
** Racism in Zimbabwe
* Racism in Europe
** Racism in Austria
** Racism in Belarus
** Racism in France
** Racism in Finland
** Racism in Germany
** Racism in Italy
** Racism in Iceland
** Racism in Latvia
** Racism in Lithuania
** Racism in Poland
** Racism in Portugal
** Racism in Romania
** Racism in Russia
** Racism in Sweden
** Racism in Switzerland
** Racism in Spain
** Racism in the Soviet Union
** Racism in Ukraine
** Racism in the United Kingdom
* Racism in North America
** Racism in Canada
** Racism in Mexico
** Racism in the Dominican Republic
** Racism in the United States
*** Racism in Columbus, Ohio
*** Racism in Puerto Rico
*** Racism in Oregon
* Racism in Oceania
** Racism in Australia
* Racism in South America
** Racism in Argentina
** Racism in Cuba
** Racism in Chile
** Racism in Brazil
* Racism in the Arab world
** Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East
*** Racism in Libya
*** Racism in Sudan
*** Racism in the UAE
# David Jimkuta

David Jimkuta is a Nigerian politician who has served as the senator representing the Taraba south senatorial district since 2023. He was elected in the 2023 Nigerian Senate elections on the platform of the All Progressives Congress. He defeated the candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party, incumbent governor of Taraba State, Darius Ishaku.

## Political career

Jimkuta won the nomination of APC with 170 votes to beat his rival and the incumbent House of Representatives member for Wukari/Ibi Federal Constituency Danjuma Shiddi who polled 70 votes. However, instead of Jimkuta's name, his party submitted the name of Danjuma Shiddi to the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), as its nominee instead of his own name (Jimkuta). He challenged the decision of the party at the Federal High Court in Jalingo but lost the case as the court held that Danjuma Shiddi was the rightful candidate of the APC. Jimkuta then filed an appeal at the Federal Court of Appeal, Abuja which nullified the decision of the APC and set aside the judgment of Federal High Court in Jalingo which declared Shiddi as the candidate of the APC. The court of appeal held that Jimkuta was the candidate validly nominated by the National Working Committee (NWC) of the party and ordered INCE to publish the name of Jimkuta as the candidate of the party Taraba South Senatorial District. Danjuma Shiddi reject the judgement of the Court of Appeal and filed an appeal at the Supreme Court but his appeal failed as the Supreme Court up held the judgment of the court of appeal.
In the 2023 Senate election, Jimkuta polled 85,415 votes to defeat his opponent and the incumbent governor of Taraba State Darius Ishaku who scored 45,708 votes. Jimkuta win over Darius is recorded as one of the major political upsets in the 2023 general elections. On 8 April 2023, just weeks after his election to the senate, his party announced the expulsion of Jimkuta from APC citing anti-party activities of Jimkuta. However, it was later revealed to be a scheme by another faction of the APC involving those who had lost in the elections.
Since then, he has excelled with commendable conduct, being inaugurated as a member representing Nigeria at the 6th ECOWAS Parliament and appointed as the Senate Committee Chairman on FCT Area Councils and Ancillary Matters.
# Cooperating Validity Checker

In computer science and mathematical logic, Cooperating Validity Checker (CVC) is a family of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers. The latest major versions of CVC are CVC4 and CVC5 (stylized cvc5); earlier versions include CVC, CVC Lite, and CVC3. Both CVC4 and cvc5 support the SMT-LIB and TPTP input formats for solving SMT problems, and the SyGuS-IF format for program synthesis. Both CVC4 and cvc5 can output proofs that can be independently checked in the LFSC format, cvc5 additionally supports the Alethe and Lean 4 formats. cvc5 has bindings for C++, Python, and Java.
CVC4 competed in SMT-COMP in the years 2014-2020, and cvc5 has competed in the years 2021-2022. CVC4 competed in SyGuS-COMP in the years 2015-2019, and in CASC in 2013-2015.
CVC4 uses the DPLL(T) architecture, and supports the theories of linear arithmetic over rationals and integers, fixed-width bitvectors, floating-point arithmetic, strings, (co)-datatypes, sequences (used to model dynamic arrays), finite sets and relations, separation logic, and uninterpreted functions among others. cvc5 additionally supports finite fields.
In addition to standard SMT and SyGuS solving, cvc5 supports abductive reasoning, which is the problem of constructing a formula B that can be conjoined with a formula A to prove a goal formula C.
cvc5 has been subject to several independent test campaigns.

## Applications

CVC4 has been applied to the synthesis of recursive programs. and to the verification of Amazon Web Services access policies. CVC4 and cvc5 have been integrated with Coq and Isabelle. CVC4 is one of the back-end reasoners supported by CBMC, the C Bounded Model Checker.
# Peter Miller (Australian footballer)

Peter Miller (born 6 April 1969) is an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fremantle Dockers in 1995. He was a predraft selection from East Perth in the WAFL in the 1994 AFL Draft and played mainly as a rover.
Along with Peter F. Bell, Miller was Fremantle's first signing in late 1994. A small rover, he managed 16 games in 1995 but surprisingly retired from the AFL at the end of the season. After a short break from football, he returned to East Perth and was later appointed captain. He played a total of 176 games for East Perth between 1988 and 1998, winning the FD Book Medal in 1992 and 1998, but retired having played in only one grand final, which was a narrow loss to Claremont in 1996.
# Guba (woreda)

Guba is one of the 20 woredas in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former Sultanate of Gubba. Part of the Metekel Zone, Guba is bordered by the Abay River on the south which separates it from the Kamashi Zone, Sudan on the west, Amhara Region on the north, Dangur on the east, and on the southeast by the Beles River, which separates it from Wenbera. Towns in Guba include Mankush. A refugee camp for displaced persons from Sudan operated in this woreda at Yarenja until all of its inhabitants were repatriated and the camp closed 28 March 2007.

## Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 14,907, of whom 7,484 were men and 7,423 were women; 2,339 or 15.69% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants were Moslem, with 87.25% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 12.54% of the population said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 10,851, of whom 5,305 are men and 5,546 are women; 1,255 or 11.57% of the population are urban dwellers which is greater than the Zone average of 10.7%. With an estimated area of 3,896.10 square kilometers, Guba has a population density of 2.8 people per square kilometer which is less than the Zone average of 8.57.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 7,962 in 2193 households, of whom 3,899 were men and 4,063 were women; 729 or 9.16% of its population were urban. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Guba were the Gumuz (66.5%), the Shinasha (24.9%), the Amhara (6.6%), the Awi (1%) a subgroup of the Agaw, and the Tigrayans (1%). Gumuz is spoken as a first language by 65.1%, while 25.7% speak Boro, 7.2% speak Amharic, 1% speak Awngi, and 1% speak Tigrinya. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 88.9% of the population reporting that they held that belief, while 7% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. Concerning education, 9.5% of the population were considered literate, which is less than the Zone average of 18.61%; 5.67% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; a negligible number of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school; and a negligible number of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning sanitary conditions, 98% of the urban houses and 9.2% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 33.3% of the urban and 3.8% of the total had toilet facilities.
# Cyprogenia aberti

Cyprogenia aberti, the western fanshell, edible naiad, edible pearly mussel, or western fanshell mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.
This species is endemic to the United States, and is found in the Lower Mississippi-St. Francis, Neosho-Verdigris and Upper White River basins within Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma.
It has a thick, round to triangular shell that is up to 3 inches (76 mm) long. The fish hosts for the larval stage include logperch (Percina caprodes). Slenderhead darter (Percina phoxocephala), fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare), rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum), and orangebelly darter (Etheostoma radiosum) are also good hosts provided they are from the same stream as the mussel (sympatric populations).
In 2023 it was listed as a Threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Water quality degradation, altered stream flow, landscape changes, and habitat fragmentation, all of which are exacerbated by the effects of climate change, are the main threats to this species.
# Paulo Vitor (footballer, born 2004)

Paulo Vitor Monteiro (born 26 August 2004), known as Paulo Vitor or Paulinho, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or a central defender for Criciúma, on loan from Atlético Mineiro.

## Club career

Born in Junqueirópolis, São Paulo, Paulo Vitor began his career with local side Comercial FC Tietê before joining Boston City Brasil for the 2022 season. He made his first team debut with the latter side on 17 September 2022, starting in a 3–1 Campeonato Mineiro Segunda Divisão home win over Juventus Minasnovense [pt].
On 6 February 2023, Paulo Vitor was loaned to Atlético Mineiro for two years, being initially assigned to the under-20 squad. He made his professional – and Série A – debut on 10 May, coming on as a second-half substitute for Rodrigo Battaglia in a 4–0 away routing of Cuiabá.
On 17 November 2023, Atlético announced the purchase of 60% of Paulo Vitor's economic rights, with the player signing a permanent contract until December 2027.
On 11 February 2025, Paulo Vitor joined Criciúma on a season-long loan.

## Career statistics

    As of 12 February 2025
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State League | State League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Boston City Brasil | 2022 | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2023 | Série A | 1 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2024 | Série A | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Atlético Mineiro | 2025 | Série A | — | — | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Atlético Mineiro | Total | Total | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 14 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |

## Honours
### Atlético Mineiro

* Campeonato Mineiro: 2024