# List of Buddhist kingdoms and empires

This list includes Buddhist kingdoms, empires, and khanates in South Asia, South East Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe.

## South Asia
### Sri Lanka

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Anuradhapura Kingdom | 437 BCE | 1017 CE | Anuradhapura | Sinhala | Sri Lanka |
| Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | 1055 CE | 1232 CE | Polonnaruwa | Sinhala, Sanskrit | Sri Lanka India |
| Kingdom of Dambadeniya | 1220 CE | 1345 CE | Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Polonnaruwa, Kurunagala | Sinhala | Sri Lanka |
| Kingdom of Gampola | 1341 CE | 1408 CE | Gampola | Sinhala | Sri Lanka |
| Kingdom of Kotte | 1412 CE | 1597 CE | Kotte | Sinhala | Sri Lanka |
| Kingdom of Sitawaka | 1521 CE | 1594 CE | Sitawaka | Sinhala | Sri Lanka |
| Kingdom of Kandy | 1469 CE | 1815 CE | Kandy | Sinhala, Tamil | Sri Lanka |

### Rest of South Asia

Buddhist Kingdoms and Empires in India :
| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Magadha | 1100 BCE | 345 BCE | Rajagriha, Pataliputra | Sanskrit, Magadhi Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi | India |
| Kosala | 1100 BCE | 5th century BCE | Ayodhya, Shravasti | Sanskrit | India Nepal |
| Malla | 7th century BCE | 4th century BCE | Kusinara, Pava | Prakrit | India |
| Vajjika League | 6th century BCE | 468 BCE | Vesali | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Nepal |
| Mauryan Empire | 322 BCE | 184 BCE | Pataliputra | Magadhi Prakrit | India Pakistan Bangladesh Afghanistan Nepal Tajikistan Iran |
| Apracharajas | 52 BCE | 78 CE | Gandhari Prakrit | Bajaur District | Afghanistan Pakistan |
| Western Satraps | 35 CE | 415 CE | Ujjain, Barygaza, Minnagara | Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Pakistan |
| Northern Satraps | 60 BCE | 2nd century CE | Sagala, Mathura | | India Pakistan |
| Khadga dynasty | 625 CE | 716 CE | Karmanta Vasaka | | India Bangladesh |
| Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya | 1120 CE | 1290 CE | Bodhgaya | Sanskrit | India |
| Kingdom of Sikkim | 1642 CE | 1975 CE | Yuksom, Rabdentse, Tumlong, Gangtok | Chöke, Sikkimese | India |
| Pala Empire | 750 CE | 1161 CE | Bikrampur, Pataliputra, Somapura | Sanskrit | India Bangladesh |

## South East Asia
### Indonesia

* Srivijaya (671–1025): Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand

### Malaysia

* Langkasuka (1st century–15th century): Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar

### Philippines

* Tondo (before 900–1589): Philippines

### Myanmar

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Pyu-city State | 2nd century BCE | 1050 CE | Sri Ksetra, Halin, Beikthano, Pinle, Binnaka | Pyu | Myanmar |
| Thaton Kingdom | 4th century BCE | 1057 May 18 | Thaton | Mon | Myanmar |
| Pagan Kingdom | 849 CE | 1297 CE | Pagan | Old Burmese, Mon, Pyu | Myanmar |
| Myinsaing Kingdom | 1297 CE | 1313 CE | Myinsaing, Mekkhaya, Pinle | Burmese, Shan, Mon |
| Hanthawaddy Kingdom | 1287 CE | 1552 CE | Marthaban, Donwun, Pegu | Mon, Old Burmese | Myanmar Thailand |
| Shan States | 1215 CE | 1885 CE | Mogaung | Shan, Burmese | |
| Pinya Kingdom | 1313 CE | 1365 CE | Pinya | Burmese | Myanmar |
| Sagaing Kingdom | 1315 CE | 1365 CE | Sagaing | Burmese | Myanmar |
| Kingdom of Ava | 1365 CE | 1555 CE | Sagaing, Pinya, Ava | Old Burmese, Shan | Myanmar |
| Kingdom of Mrauk U | 1429 CE | 1785 CE | Mrauk U | Arakanese, Burmese | Myanmar Bangladesh |
| Prome Kingdom | 1482 CE | 1542 CE | Prome | Burmese |
| Toungoo dynasty | 1510 CE | 1752 CE | Toungoo, Pegu, Ava | Burmese | Myanmar Thailand Laos India China |
| Konbaung dynasty | 1752 CE | 1885 CE | Shwebo, Sagaing, Ava, Amarapura, Mandalay | Burmese | Myanmar Thailand India China |

### Thailand

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Dvaravati | 7th century CE | 11th century CE | | Mon | Thailand |
| Lavo Kingdom | 648 CE | 1388 CE | Lavo, Ayutthaya | Mon, Old Khmer, Thai | Thailand |
| Haripunchai | 629 CE | 1292 CE | Haripunchai | Northern Thai, Pali, Mon, Lawa | Thailand |
| Ngoenyang | 638 CE | 1292 CE | Hiran, Ngoenyang | Northern Thai | Thailand |
| Phayao Kingdom | 1094 CE | 1338 CE | Phayao | Tai | Thailand |
| Sukhothai Kingdom | 1238 CE | 1584 CE | Sukhothai, Song Khwae | Sukhothai | Thailand Myanmar Malaysia Laos |
| Nakhon SI Thammarat Kingdom | 13th century CE | 1782 CE | Nakhon Si Tammarat | Southern Thai, Pali, Sanskrit, Malay language, Tamil | |
| Lan Na | 1292 CE | 1775 January 15 | Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai | Northern Thai, Burmese language | Thailand Myanmar |
| Ayutthaya Kingdom | 1351 CE | 1767 CE | Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Lopburi | Siamese | Thailand Myanmar Cambodia Malaysia |
| Thonburi Kingdom | 1767 CE | 1782 CE | Thonburi | Thai | Thailand Laos |
| Rattanakosin Kingdom | 1782 CE | 1932 CE | Bangkok | Central Thai | Thailand Myanmar |

### Cambodia

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Chenla | 550 CE | 802 CE | Isanapura | Old Khmer, Sanskrit | Cambodia Thailand Laos Vietnam |
| Khmer Empire | 802 CE | 1431 CE | Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, Yashodharapura | Old Khmer, Sanskrit, Dravidian languages | Cambodia Laos Vietnam Thailand |
| Post-Angkor Period | 1431 CE | 1863 CE | Chaktomuk, Longvek, Lvea Aem, Oudong | Middle Khmer, Khmer language | Cambodia Thailand Vietnam |

### Laos

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Lan Xang | 1353 CE | 1707 CE | Luang Prabang, Vientiane | Lao | Laos Thailand |
| Kingdom of Luang Prabang | 1707 CE | 1893 CE | Luang Prabang | Lao | Laos Thailand Vietnam China |
| Kingdom of Vientiane | 1707 CE | 1828 CE | Vientiane | Lao | Laos Thailand |
| Kingdom of Champasak | 1713 CE | 1904 CE | Champasak | Lao | Laos Thailand Cambodia Vietnam |
| Muang Phuan | 1707 CE | 1899 CE | Muang Phuan | Lao | Laos Vietnam |

## East Asia
### Northern China and Mongolian Plateau

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Rouran Khaganate | 330 CE | 555 CE | Gansu, Mumocheng | Rouran, Mongolian, Chinese | China Mongolia Kazakhstan Russia |
| Uyghur Khaganate | 744 CE | 847 CE | Otuken, Ordu-Baliq | Old Uyghur, Middle Chinese | China Mongolia Kazakhstan Russia |
| Liao dynasty | 916 CE | 1125 CE | Shangjing | Khitan, Middle Chinese, Jurchen | China Mongolia North Korea Russia |
| Yuan dynasty | 1271 CE | 1368 CE | Khanbaliq | Middle Mongol, Chinese, Old Uyghur | China Mongolia Myanmar North Korea Russia South Korea |
| Northern Yuan dynasty | 1368 CE | 1635 CE | Shangdu, Yingchang, Karakorum | Mongolian, Chinese, Jurchen | China Mongolia Russia |
| Four Oirat | 1399 CE | 1634 CE | | Mongolic (Oirat language) | China Mongolia Russia |
| Bogd Khanate | 1911 CE | 1924 CE | Niislel Khuree | Mongolian | Mongolia Russia |

### Korea

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Silla | 57 BCE | 935 CE | Seorabeo | Old Korean, Middle Chinese | North Korea South Korea |
| Goguryeo | 37 BCE | 668 CE | Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang | Goguryeo, Classic Chinese | North Korea South Korea China |
| Baekje | 18 BCE | 660 CE | Wirye, Ungjin | Baekje, Classic Chinese | North Korea South Korea |
| Gaya confederacy | 42 CE | 562 CE | Gaya | | South Korea |
| Balhae | 698 CE | 926 CE | Dunhua | GoguryeoTungusic, Middle Chinese | North Korea China Russia |
| Later Baekje | 892 CE | 936 CE | Wansanju | Old Korean, Classic Chinese | South Korea |
| Unified Silla | 668 CE | 935 CE | Seorabeol | Old Korean, Middle Chinese | North Korea South Korea China |
| Taebong | 901 CE | 918 CE | Songak, Cheolwon | Old Korean, Classic Chinese | North Korea South Korea |
| Goryeo | 918 CE | 1392 CE | Gaegyeong | Middle Korean, Classic Chinese | North Korea South Korea |

### Tibetan plateau

| Kingdomor Empire | Established | Disestablished | Capital(s) | Language(s) | Today parts of |
| Tibetan empire | 618 CE | 842 CE | Lhasa | Tibetic languages | China Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Afghanistan Pakistan Bhutan India |
| Phagmodrupa dynasty | 1354 CE | 1618 CE | Nêdong | Tibetan language | China |
| Rinpungpa | 1435 CE | 1565 CE | Shigatse | Tibetan language | China |
| Tsangpa dynasty | 1565 CE | 1642 CE | Shigatse | Tibetan language | China |
| Khoshut Khanate | 1642 CE | 1717 CE | | Tibetan language, Oirat language | China |
| Ganden Phodrang | 1642 CE | 1959 CE | Lhasa | Classical Tibetan and Standard Tibetan languages | China |

## West Asia, East Europe
### West Asia

* Ilkhanate (1256–1295): Iraq Iran Syria Turkey Azerbaijan Armenia Georgia Russia Turkmenistan Afghanistan Tajikistan

### East Europe

* Kalmyk Khanate (1630–1771): Russia Kazakhstan

## Central Asia

* Indo-Greek Kingdom (-200 BC-10 AD): Afghanistan Pakistan India
* Hephthalites (440s–710): Uzbekistan Afghanistan China