# LB&SCR B2 class

The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) B2 class was a class of small 4-4-0 steam locomotives intended for express passenger work on the LB&SCR London to Portsmouth line. They were designed by R. J. Billinton and built at Brighton works from 1895 to 1897. They proved to be reliable locomotives but barely adequate for the heaviest trains and acquired the nickname Grasshoppers. As a result the B3 class was developed from the B2, and the B2X class was later rebuilt from these locomotives with larger boilers.

## History

When R. J. Billinton took over as chief mechanical engineer of the LB&SCR in 1890, following the sudden death of William Stroudley, the London to Brighton trains were adequately served by Stroudley's Gladstone class but the lighter Portsmouth expresses were beginning to struggle behind his G class singles. Billinton therefore designed a small 4-4-0, specifically for these services. However, during the course of 1892-1893 the London-to-Brighton trains began to increase in weight, and the board of governors of the railway agreed to invest money in larger turntables and so Billinton was able to enlarge his design further to make them more generally useful.
Three locomotives appeared in 1895, with a further eight in 1896 and fourteen in 1897. They were named after famous politicians, bankers and railway engineers. The new design was clearly influenced by the locomotives of Samuel Waite Johnson on the Midland Railway, for whom Billinton had previously worked, and were the first LB&SCR locomotives to have leading bogie wheels. It incorporated Billinton's C2 class boiler. They proved to be adequate for the lightly loaded Portsmouth express trains but barely so for heavier trains. They also tended to ride unevenly and consequently acquired the nickname of grasshoppers by their crews.

### B3 and B2X classes

As a result of the complaints about the use of the class on the Brighton line, Billinton fitted the last locomotive in the class No. 213 Bessemer, with a larger boiler when new, which thereafter became known as the B3 class. This caused a slight improvement in performance but not one significant enough to alter the entire class at that time. However, once the original boilers were worn out, it became more of an economic proposition to do so. Thus between October 1907 and 1910, Billinton's successor Douglas Earle Marsh rebuilt the entire class (including 213 Bessemer) with the improved boiler used on his C3 class, thereby creating the B2X class.
The rebuilt locomotives were a significant improvement in both looks and performance and were used on the heaviest expresses to Portsmouth and Hastings and semi-fast trains on the Brighton line.

### Post-grouping

All 25 locomotives were still in regular use in December 1922, at the grouping of the railways of southern England to form the Southern Railway. The class continued to find useful work on secondary passenger services between London and the south coast until 1929, when the impending electrification of the Brighton line began to make them redundant. They were thus all withdrawn between June 1929 and March 1933, and none have survived in preservation.

### Accidents and incidents

* On 9 July 1928, B2X locomotive No. B210 was in a sidelong collision with an electric multiple unit at London Bridge due to the driver misreading signals. Two people were killed and nine were injured, six seriously.

## Locomotive summary

| LB&SCR no. | Build date | Rebuilt B2x | LBSCR name | Renamed/date | SR no. | Date withdrawn |
| 171 | June 1897 | August 1910 | Nevill | - | 2171 | May 1931 |
| 201 | January 1897 | January 1909 | Rosebery | - | 2201 | 1930 |
| 202 | February 1897 | 1909 | Trevithick | - | 2202 | September 1931 |
| 203 | March 1897 | February 1909 | Henry Fletcher | - | 2203 | October 1930 |
| 204 | March 1897 | March 1911 | Telford | - | 2204 | July 1929 |
| 205 | April 1897 | March 1910 | Hackworth | - | 2205 | November 1931 |
| 206 | April 1897 | January 1909 | Smeaton | - | 2206 | March 1933 |
| 207 | June 1897 | July 1909 | Brunel | - | 2207 | October 1931 |
| 208 | August 1897 | January 1911 | Abercorn | - | 2208 | June 1929 |
| 209 | September 1897 | April 1913 | Wolfe Barry | - | 2209 | September 1930 |
| 210 | October 1897 | February 1909 | Fairbairn | - | 2210 | July 1931 |
| 211 | November 1897 | June 1910 | Whitworth | - | 2211 | October 1930 |
| 212 | January 1898 | February 1910 | Armstrong | - | 2212 | July 1930 |
| 213 | January 1898 | November 1908 | Bessemer | - | 2213 | April 1932 |
| 314 | June 1895 | April 1911 | Charles C. Macrae | - | 2314 | April 1930 |
| 315 | June 1895 | March 1909 | Duncannon | J. Gay | 2315 | April 1933 |
| 316 | June 1895 | July 1916 | Goldsmid | - | 2316 | 1930 |
| 317 | June 1896 | October 1908 | Gerald Loder | - | 2317 | June 1929 |
| 318 | June 1896 | July 1910 | Rothschild | - | 2318 | July 1930 |
| 319 | September 1896 | June 1914 | John Fowler | Leconfield | 2319 | April 1930 |
| 320 | September 1896 | July 1910 | Rastrick | - | 2320 | 1932 |
| 321 | September 1896 | October 1907 | John Rennie | - | 2321 | September 1930 |
| 322 | September 1896 | September 1908 | G.P. Bidder | - | 2322 | June 1931 |
| 323 | December 1896 | September 1908 | William Cubitt | - | 2323 | November 1932 |
| 324 | January 1897 | May 1913 | John Hawkshaw | - | 2324 | 1932 |