OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bespopovtsy

Bespopovtsy (Russian: беспоповцы, IPA:, lit. 'priestless ones') are a Christian group based in Russia. They are Priestless Old Believers that reject Nikonite priests. They are one of the two major strains of Old Believers.

## Historical background

After the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in the 1650s, many members of the Russian Orthodox Church refused to acknowledge the changes which he had made to bring the church in line with the Greek Orthodox Church.

## Modern beliefs

Priestless Old Believers may have evolved into the first Spiritual Christians which were divided into various and diverse tribal sects including: Pomortsy, Fedoseyans, Filippians, Chasovennye, Beguny ("Runners"), Netovtsy/Netovshchina, and many others. Some reject priests and a number of church rites, such as the Eucharist, believing that any priest or hierarch who has used the Nikonite Rites has forfeited apostolic succession. Others still believe in the existence of a priesthood, but happen to find themselves without priests. Many such sects have historically received Nikonite priests that have publicly repented from the reforms of Patriarch Nikon.

## The US

In the 21st century, over 7,000 Old Believers live in the US, with settlements in Oregon and Alaska.

## Sources

* Crummey, Robert O. The Old Believers & The World Of Antichrist; The Vyg Community & The Russian State, Wisconsin U.P., 1970.
* Zenkovsky, Serge A. "The ideology of the Denisov brothers", Harvard Slavic Studies, 1957. III, 49–66.
* Нильский, И. (1869a). Семейная жизнь в русском расколе. Вып. 1: От начала раскола до царствования императора Николая I (in Russian). СПб.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Нильский, И. (1869b). Семейная жизнь в русском расколе. Вып. 2: Царствование императора Николая I (in Russian). СПб.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Василенко Н. П. (1890–1907). "Раскол". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes) (in Russian). St. Petersburg: F. A. Brockhaus.
* Казьмина О. Е. (1999). "Беспоповцы" (PDF). Народы и религии мира: Энциклопедия (100000 экз ed.). М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия. pp. 692–693. ISBN 5-85270-155-6.
* Миловидов В. Ф. (2002). "Беспоповщина". Религии народов современной России: Словарь (2-е изд., испр. и доп 4000 экз ed.). М.: Республика. pp. 45–46. ISBN 5-250-01818-1.
* Попов С. Н. (2007). "Типология (классификация) христианских церквей. (Русские староверы – старообрядцы или реформаторы?)" (сб. ст) (2) (Теология и религиоведение ed.). Барнаул: Изд-во Алт. ун-та. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
# Frances Andrews

Frances Elizabeth Andrews FRHistS is a British historian who is professor of medieval history at the University of St Andrews. She is a specialist in the medieval church and its networks.

## Life

Andrews is the managing editor of Brill's Medieval Mediterranean series and also the series editor for Boydell and Brewer's Studies in the History of Medieval Religion. She was President of the Ecclesiastical History Society (2014–2015).
Her research interests fall into two main areas: medieval Italy and medieval Christianity, with a particular focus on relations between religion and public life, the history of the friars, the Humiliati, and urban history. She is currently writing a monograph on the employment of religious in government and administration.
Beginning in 2019, she led a small team of historians under the aegis of the Royal Historical Society in a new investigation into on the experience of LGBT+ historians and on the teaching of LGBT+ histories in UK universities. She coordinates the 'Women Historians of St Andrews' project, which aims to seek out the women who studied, researched and taught history at St Andrews, at any point in time.

## Selected publications

* The Early Humiliati. 1999.
* The Other Friars. 2006.
* Doubting Christianity: The Church and Doubt. 2016. (co-edited with Charlotte Methuen and Andrew Spicer)

## Publications

* Como and Padua: Andrews, F. E., 22 Aug 2018, Italy and Early Medieval Europe. Papers for Chris Wickham. Balzaretti, R., Barrow, J. & Skinner, P. (eds.). Oxford University Press
* The Sack Friars and the Problems of a Comparative History of the Mendicants: Andrews, F. E., 2017, Gli studi francescani: prospettive di ricerca: Atti dell’Incontro di studio in occasione del 30° anniversario dei Seminari di formazione Assisi, 4-5 luglio 2015. Spoleto: Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, p. 147-185 38 p
# Napsbury Hospital

Napsbury Hospital was a mental health facility in London Colney near St. Albans in Hertfordshire. It had two sister institutions, Harperbury Hospital and Shenley Hospital, within a few miles of its location.

## History

The hospital was designed by Rowland Plumbe in the country estate style and was initially known as the Middlesex County Asylum.
The hospital was designed for 1,205 residents, and the grounds were designed by William Goldring. Following the construction of the numerous buildings and extensive grounds, Napsbury opened on 3 June 1905. According to the Middlesex County Record, the initial cost, including land and equipment, was £545,000, or £473 per bed. In 1908 Plumbe designed an extension to accommodate a further 600 patients.
During the First World War, Napsbury was used for and known as the County of Middlesex War Hospital, which treated wounded soldiers. Following the war, the hospital was returned to its original purpose.
Although Napsbury suffered some bomb damage in the Blitz, it was in continuous use as a hospital until its official closure in 1998. However, until at least 2002 one building was still in use for psychiatric patients.
Due to its largely untouched parkland, Napsbury was listed by English Heritage as a Grade II Historic Park and Garden in 2001. The site has been redeveloped for residential use as Napsbury Park.

## Famous residents

Famous residents of the hospital included:
* Ivor Gurney, English poet and artist
* Louis Wain, English artist
* Opal Whiteley, American nature writer
# Trouble Magnet

Trouble Magnet (2006) is a science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster. The book is the twelfth chronologically in the Pip and Flinx series.
Although he is supposed to be searching for the planet-sized Krang weapons platform in the uninhabited Sagittarius sector, Flinx finds himself sidetracked once again to a new planet, Visaria. On the planet he gets mixed up in the affairs of a youth gang and the local criminal mob and discovers yet another bit of information about himself.
# 1993 Winter Universiade

The 1993 Winter Universiade, the XVI Winter Universiade, took place in Zakopane, Poland. Japan led the medal standings with 6 gold, 5 silver and 4 bronze medals.
* Host nation (Poland)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Japan (JPN) | 6 | 5 | 4 | 15 |
| 2 | China (CHN) | 6 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
| 3 | United States (USA) | 5 | 4 | 6 | 15 |
| 4 | Russia (RUS) | 5 | 2 | 4 | 11 |
| 5 | South Korea (KOR) | 5 | 2 | 3 | 10 |
| 6 | Slovakia (SVK) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 7 | Switzerland (SUI) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 8 | France (FRA) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 9 | Czech Republic (CZE) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 | Germany (GER) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 11 | Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 12 | Italy (ITA) | 0 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 13 | North Korea (PRK) | 0 | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 14 | Poland (POL)* | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 15 | Austria (AUT) | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 16 | Belarus (BLR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 17 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17 | Lithuania (LTU) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 19 | Finland (FIN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (19 entries) | Totals (19 entries) | 39 | 36 | 36 | 111 |

## Sports

* Alpine skiing (8) (details)
* Biathlon (4) (details)
* Cross-country skiing (6) (details)
* Figure skating (4) (details)
* Ice hockey (1) (details)
* Nordic combined (1) (details)
* Short track speed skating (10) (details)
* Ski jumping (3) (details)
# Maple Mountain (Ontario)

Maple Mountain is a mountain, located within Lady Evelyn-Smoothwater Provincial Park, Northeastern Ontario, Canada, estimated 642 m (2,106 ft) above mean sea level. It has a higher vertical rise over the surrounding landscape, 37 m (121 ft) higher than the Ishpatina Ridge, which is the highest point of land in Ontario rising over Scarecrow Lake. Maple Mountain rises over Tupper Lake and is considerably better known than Ishpatina Ridge. It ranks thirteenth, but when ranked by vertical rise it is the highest of the top 25 peaks in Ontario. The 30 m (100 ft) fire tower is also still intact and attracts many hikers. A 3.2-kilometre-long hiking trail leads to the abandoned fire tower.
Located in Timiskaming District of Northeastern Ontario, the mountain is not very accessible; roads and trails in the remote area are difficult to travel in poor weather. The most popular approach routes to Maple Mountain are by canoe and/or float plane.
The indigenous Temagami First Nation call the mountain Chee-bay-jing, meaning "the place where the spirits go" and consider it a sacred site. The English name of the mountain was given by Dr. Robert Bell of the Geological Survey of Canada in 1888. Bell was the first known non-aboriginal to scale the mountain.
# Lucien Lazaridès

Lucien Lazaridès (Athens, Greece, 30 December 1922 — Cannes, 19 July 2005) was a French professional road bicycle racer. Lazaridès was born with Greek nationality but became French in 1929. Lucien Lazaridès was an older brother of cyclist Apo Lazaridès. Lazaridès won the Dauphiné Libéré in 1949 and reached the podium of the Tour de France in 1951. Later in his career he won two Tour de France stages.

## Major results
### 1949

    Nice - Mont Agel
    Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré

### 1951

    Tour de France:
       3rd place overall classification

### 1954

    Tour de France:
       Winner stage 17

### 1955

    Tour de France:
       Winner stage 10
# Ceratocilia sixolalis

Ceratocilia sixolalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by Schaus in 1912 and is found in Costa Rica.
# Connecticut's 148th House of Representatives district

Connecticut's 148th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of Stamford and has been represented by Democrat Jonathan Jacobson since 2025.

## Recent elections
### 2023 Special

2023 Special Connecticut State House of Representatives election, 148th District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Anabel Figueroa | 584 | 61.0 |
| | Republican | Olga Anastos | 373 | 32.40 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 957 | 100.0 |

### 2022

2022 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, 148th District :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Dan Fox (incumbent) | 3,328 | 67.60 |
| | Republican | Wilm E. Donath | 1,595 | 32.40 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,923 | 100.0 |

### 2020

2020 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, District 148 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel J. Fox (incumbent) | 6,519 | 76.03 |
| | Republican | Wilm Donath | 2,055 | 23.97 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 8,574 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2018

2018 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 148 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel J. Fox (Incumbent) | 5,013 | 75.8 |
| | Republican | Phil Balestriere | 1,604 | 24.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,617 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2016

2016 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 148 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel J. Fox (Incumbent) | 5,727 | 71.44 |
| | Republican | Phil Balestriere | 2,134 | 26.62 |
| | Green | Brian Merlen | 155 | 1.93 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 8,016 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2014

2014 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 148 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel J. Fox (Incumbent) | 2,967 | 66.9 |
| | Republican | Benjamin Aponte | 1,283 | 28.9 |
| | Independent Party | Benjamin Aponte | 120 | 2.7 |
| | Green | Brian Merlen | 66 | 1.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,436 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2012

2012 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 148 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel J. Fox (Incumbent) | 4,870 | 69.5 |
| | Republican | Phil Balestriere | 2,027 | 28.9 |
| | Green | Rolf W. Maurer | 109 | 1.6 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 8,016 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
# Christopher Seider

Christopher Seider (or Snider) (1758 – February 22, 1770) was a boy who is considered to be the first American killed in the American Revolution. He was 11 years old when he was shot and killed by customs officer Ebenezer Richardson in Boston on February 22, 1770. His funeral became a major political event, with his death heightening tensions that erupted into the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770.

## Life

Seider was born in 1758, the son of poor German immigrants. On February 22, 1770, he joined a crowd outside the house of Ebenezer Richardson in the North End. Richardson was a customs officer who had tried to disperse a protest in front of the shop of Loyalist Theophilus Lillie. The crowd threw stones that broke Lillie's windows and struck his wife. Richardson fired a gun into the crowd and wounded Seider in the arm and the chest. The boy died that evening.
Samuel Adams arranged for the funeral, which was attended by more than 2,000 people. Seider was buried in Granary Burying Ground, and the victims of the Boston Massacre are buried nearby.
Seider's killing and large public funeral fueled public outrage, which reached a peak in the Boston Massacre 11 days later. Richardson was convicted of murder that spring but received a royal pardon and a new position within the customs service on the grounds that he had acted in self-defense. This became a major American grievance against the British government.

## In popular culture

Christopher's death, his funeral, and the subsequent Boston Massacre are featured in the 2015 television miniseries Sons of Liberty and season 2 of the 2016 television docuseries Legends & Lies: The Patriots. These are also described in the novel Dead Man's Reach by D.B. Jackson.
# Anthemosoma

Anthemosoma is a genus of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. There is only one species recognised in this genus - a parasite of mammals.

## History

The genus was described in 1969 by Landau, Boulard and Housin.

## Description

Although polar rings and rhoptries are present other typical Apicomplexian features including conoid, flagella, oocysts, sporocysts and pseudocysts are absent.
The species parasitises erythrocytes. It is heteroxenous with merogony and gamogony in the vertebrate host. Fertilization and sporogony in the invertebrate host.
Meronts: These occur in erythrocytes. 5-32 merozoites are produced by budding.
Gamonts: These are spheroid or ovoid.
# Tony Giffard, 3rd Earl of Halsbury

John Anthony Hardinge Giffard, 3rd Earl of Halsbury FRS (4 June 1908 – 14 January 2000), was a British crossbencher peer and scientist, succeeding to his title in 1943. A visionary industrialist and public servant who helped develop jet engines and the British computer industry, he also introduced the original private members bill to the House of Lords which eventually became law as Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988.

## Early life

Giffard was educated at Ludgrove School (where a schoolmaster inspired an interest in astronomy) and Eton. His years at Eton were highly successful, as he was a house captain, rowed in the school eight, and was elected to the small band of school prefects known as Pop.

## Career

Giffard was managing director of the National Research Development Corporation 1949–1959, after having been Director of Research of Decca Record Company 1947–1949, and previously worked for Lever Brothers, and Brown-Firth Research Laboratories. Subsequently, he served on many public bodies, including chairing the Committee on Decimal Currency (1961–1963). Between 1966 and 1997 he was Chancellor of Brunel University.
He was President of the British Computer Society during 1969–70. In 1970 he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the British Psychological Society.
In addition, he was also a friend of J. R. R. Tolkien and was one of the few people to read The Silmarillion in Tolkien's lifetime, in 1957.
His grandmother was the Edwardian couturiere Lady Duff-Gordon, otherwise known by her professional name Lucile, who was a survivor of the RMS Titanic disaster.
# Hervé du Monceau de Bergendael

Hervé du Monceau de Bergendael (13 April 1910 – 20 January 1977) was a Belgian fencer. He competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# David Churton

David Churton (born 29 March 1975) is an English cricketer. He played twenty first-class matches for Cambridge University Cricket Club between 1995 and 1997.
# Isle of Thanet Rural District

The Isle of Thanet Rural District was a rural district covering part of the Isle of Thanet in the county of Kent, England, from 1894 to 1935. Most of its former area is now part of the Thanet district.
When the district was created several ancient parishes were split to create urban and rural parts. Northdown was created from the part of Margate St John the Baptist that was outside the Municipal Borough of Margate, St Lawrence Extra was created from the part of St Lawrence that was outside the Municipal Borough of Ramsgate. St Peter Extra was created from the part of St Peter's that was not part of Broadstairs and St Peter's Urban District.
It included the following civil parishes:
| Parish | From | To | Notes |
| Acol | 1894 | 1935 | reduced to enlarge Municipal Borough of Margate, remaining parish transferred to Eastry Rural District |
| Birchington | 1894 | 1935 | abolished and used to enlarge Municipal Borough of Margate with small part to Acol |
| Garlinge | 1894 | 1935 | abolished and used to enlarge Municipal Borough of Margate with small part to Municipal Borough of Ramsgate |
| Minster | 1894 | 1935 | reduced to enlarge Municipal Borough of Margate, Municipal Borough of Ramsgate, Municipal Borough of Sandwich and Worth, remaining parish transferred to Eastry Rural District |
| Monkton | 1894 | 1935 | transferred to Eastry Rural District |
| Northdown | 1894 | 1913 | abolished and used to enlarge Municipal Borough of Margate and Garlinge |
| St Lawrence Extra | 1894 | 1935 | abolished and used to enlarge Municipal Borough of Ramsgate |
| St Nicholas at Wade | 1894 | 1935 | transferred to Eastry Rural District |
| St Peter Extra | 1894 | 1914 | abolished and used to enlarge Garlinge and Broadstairs and St Peter's Urban District |
| Sarre | 1894 | 1935 | transferred to Eastry Rural District |
| Stonar | 1894 | 1935 | abolished and used to enlarge Municipal Borough of Sandwich |
| Westgate on Sea | 1894 | 1935 | abolished and used to enlarge Municipal Borough of Margate |
The rural district was abolished in 1935 by the County of Kent Review Order, 1935.
# Sarnówek, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Sarnówek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Cekcyn, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# The Westin Dhaka

The Westin Dhaka is a 5-star hotel under the international hotel chain Westin Hotels & Resorts located at Gulshan Avenue in Dhaka. It is located at Plot-01, Road-45, Gulshan-2, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. At 86 m (282 ft), it is the tallest completed hotel in Bangladesh, and one of the tallest hotels in South Asia. It has 26 floors and was completed in 2006. It has been designed by architects Mohammad Foyez Ullah and Mustapha Khalid Palash.
# Aliabad, Moshkabad

Aliabad (Persian: علي اباد) is a village in Moshkabad Rural District of Masumiyeh District, Arak County, Markazi province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 168 in 41 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 162 people in 49 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Masumiyeh District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 154 people in 49 households.
# IZh-18

The IZh-18 (ИЖ-18) is a single-shot, break-action shotgun.

## History

IZh-18 was designed in 1962-1963 as a successor to the IZhK, since 1964 began its serial production.
In November 1964, the price of one standard IZh-18 was 28 rubles.
Since January 1979 began the production of IZh-18E-20M and IZh-18-410M variants
In May 1981, the price of one standard IZh-18 was 22 rubles and 50 kopecks, the price of one standard IZh-18E was 37 rubles and 50 kopecks.
In 1985, the IZh-18EM shotgun was awarded the golden medal of the International Fair Plovdiv.
Since March 2018 ZAO "Техкрим" began to produce a detachable 520mm barrel ТК600 for IZh-18 shotguns. With TK600 barrel this gun can shoot .366 TKM cartridges.
Unknown number of IZh-18 shotguns were sold in foreign countries.

## Design

IZh-18 is a single-shot hammerless takedown shotgun.
The barrel is chrome-plated and has choke at the muzzle end. The detachable barrel is made from 50A steel (сталь 50A).
Soviet shotguns had a walnut, birch or beech stock and fore-end.

## Variants

* IZh-18 (ИЖ-18)
* IZh-18M (ИЖ-18М) - version of IZh-18, since January 1979
* IZh-18E (ИЖ-18Е), with automatic ejector
* IZh-18EM (ИЖ-18ЕМ) - version of IZh-18E, since early 1980s
* IZh-18E-20M (ИЖ-18Е-20М), export variant (IZh-18E chambered in 20/76 mm Magnum shotgun shells)
* IZh-18-410M (ИЖ-18-410М), export variant (IZh-18 chambered in .410/76 mm Magnum shotgun shells)
* IZh-18MK (ИЖ-18МК) - version of IZh-18M, since 1988
* IZh-18M-M (ИЖ-18М-M) - version of IZh-18M, since 1992
* IZh-18MN (ИЖ-18МН) - since 1994, single-shot rifle

## Users

* Soviet Union - 1600 IZh-18 shotguns were bought for zoological gardens, animal parks and wildlife sanctuaries of the Soviet Union as auxiliary firearm for employees. Also, these shotguns were allowed as civilian hunting weapon
* Belarus - they were on the territory of BSSR in Soviet times, now they are allowed as civilian hunting weapon
* Bulgaria
* Czech Republic
* Kazakhstan - they were on the territory of Kazakh SSR in Soviet times, now they are allowed as civilian hunting weapon
* Latvia - they were on the territory of Latvian SSR in Soviet times, now they are allowed as civilian hunting weapon
* Moldova - they were on the territory of Moldavian SSR in Soviet times, now they are allowed as civilian hunting weapon
* Russian Federation - they were on the territory of RSFSR in Soviet times, now they are allowed as civilian hunting weapon
* Ukraine - they were on the territory of Ukrainian SSR in Soviet times, now they are allowed as civilian hunting weapon
* United Kingdom - unknown number of shotguns were sold as civilian hunting weapon
* USA - European American Armory began importing IZh-18 shotguns from Russia in 1998. In January 2004, a contract was signed between the Remington Arms (Madison, North Carolina) and the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. In 2005 Remington Arms began import of IZh-18 shotguns from Russia, they were marketed and distributed by Remington Arms as Remington Spartan 100 and IZh-18MN were sold as Remington SPR 18

## Museum exhibits

* one IZh-18EM-M shotgun is in collection of Tula State Arms Museum in Tula Kremlin