# The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck

The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck: A Romance is an 1830 historical novel by Mary Shelley about the life of Perkin Warbeck. The book takes a Yorkist point of view and proceeds from the conceit that Perkin Warbeck died in childhood and the supposed impostor was indeed Richard of Shrewsbury. Henry VII of England is repeatedly described as a "fiend" who hates Elizabeth of York, his wife and Richard's sister, and the future Henry VIII, mentioned only twice in the novel, is a vile youth who abuses dogs. Her preface establishes that records of the Tower of London, as well as the histories of Edward Hall, Raphael Holinshed, and Francis Bacon, the letters of Sir John Ramsay to Henry VII that are printed in the Appendix to John Pinkerton's History of Scotland establish this as fact. Each chapter opens with a quotation. The entire book is prefaced with a quotation in French by Georges Chastellain and Jean Molinet.

## Plot and themes

In this novel, Mary Shelley returned to The Last Man's message that an idealistic political system is impossible without an improvement in human nature. This historical novel, influenced by those of Sir Walter Scott, fictionalises the exploits of Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the throne of King Henry VII who claimed to be Richard, Duke of York, the second son of King Edward IV.
Shelley believed that Warbeck really was Richard and had escaped from the Tower of London. She endows his character with elements of Percy Shelley, portraying him sympathetically as "an angelic essence, incapable of wound", who is led by his sensibility onto the political stage. She seems to have identified herself with Richard's wife, Lady Katherine Gordon, who survives after her husband's death by compromising with his political enemies.
Lady Gordon stands for the values of friendship, domesticity and equality; through her, Mary Shelley offers a female alternative to the masculine power politics that destroy Richard, as well as the typical historical narrative which only relates those events.
Shelley also creates a strong female character in the round-faced, half-Moor, half-Fleming, Monina de Faro, Richard's adoptive sister, whom Robin Clifford demands as his wife. Monina is a versatile young lady who acts as decoy, messenger, and military organizer, in addition to her close friendship with both Richard and Katherine. Robin Clifford epitomizes mixed loyalties—an old friend descended from Lancastrians, who is constantly divided against himself. Stephen Frion, secretary to Henry VII and betrayed by him, is an elder foil, whose loyalties shift back and forth dependent on Henry's grace, whereas Clifford's wavering is based on genuine emotion.
The book opens immediately after the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485 (a scanning error in the Dodo Press 2000 edition gives the date as 1415). Three knights are fleeing from the battle, Sir Henry Stafford, Lord Lovel, and Edmund Plantagenet, although the latter two are not identified until they split from Stafford and arrive at a church. All three are members of the defeated Yorkist contingency.
With the aid of John de la Pole, the Earl of Lincoln, Lovel and Edmund are involved in spiriting away Richard, Duke of York into the hands of Mynheer Jahn Warbeck, a Flemish moneylender who had previously housed him and pretended that Richard was his deceased son, Perkin Warbeck. This is not considered safe enough for the youth at the present time, so it is arranged for Richard to go with Madeline de Faro, Warbeck's 25-year-old sister. Madeline is married to mariner Hernan de Faro, and the two have a daughter named Monina, and Richard and Monina develop a strong sibling bond, Richard aware he could never marry a commoner. It is she who rescues and nurses him back to health after his first taste of battle in the Granada War.

## Characters

* Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, son of King Edward IV and nephew of King Richard III
* Perkin Warbeck, deceased son of Mynheer Jahn Warbeck, and alias of Richard
* Lady Katherine Gordon, Richard's wife, and cousin of James, daughter of Lord Huntley
* Monina de Faro, adoptive sister of Richard and close friend to Lady Katherine
* Edmund Plantagenet, bastard son of Richard III, cousin and close ally of Richard
* Stephen Frion, French-born secretary of Henry VII and opportunistic enemy/ally of Richard
* Sir Robert "Robin" Clifford, alternate friend/betrayer of Richard
* James IV of Scotland, friend to Richard
* Madeline Warbeck de Faro, wife of Hernan de Faro, mother of Monina, adoptive mother of Richard, and sister of Mynheer Jahn Warbeck
* Hernan de Faro, a Moorish sailor converted to Christianity, husband of Madeline, father of Monina, adoptive father of Richard
* Henry VII of England, Earl of Richmond and first Tudor King of England
* Elizabeth of York, wife of Henry VII and sister of Richard
* Elizabeth Woodville, mother of Richard and former queen: widow of Edward IV
* Jane Shore, mistress of Edward IV, Richard's father
* Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, son of George, Duke of Clarence, prisoner of Henry VII
* John de la Poole, Earl of Lincoln
* Lady Margaret Brampton, ally of Richard
* Sir Edward Brampton, her husband
* Arthur, Prince of Wales, eldest son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
* Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of Henry and Elizabeth
* Prince Harry, second son of Henry and Elizabeth
* Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, son of Elizabeth Woodville by her first marriage
* Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby
* John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford
* Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
* Lord Lovel
* John Morton, Bishop of Ely, close ally of Henry VII
* Richard Fox, Bishop of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchester, ally of Henry VII
* Christopher Urswick
* Richard Simon
* Lambert Simnel
* Mynheer Jahn Warbeck, father of Perkin Warbeck
* Charles the Bold
* Isabella I of Castile
* Ferdinand II of Aragon
* Louis XI of France
* Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford
* Sir Thomas Broughton
* Mary of Burgundy
* Lord Barry, ally of Richard
* Sir William Stanley, ally of Richard
* Meiler Trangmar, assassin disguised as a monk
* Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Desmond, ally of Richard
* John Lavallan, Lord Mayor of Cork and ally of Richard
* John Atwater, previous and subsequent Lord Mayor of Cork, ally of Richard
* Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham
* Lord Huntley, father of Katherine
* John Ramsay, 1st Lord Bothwell, Laird of Kilmaine and spy of Henry VII at the court of James IV
* Alexander Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan, ally of Ramsay
* Lord Broke
* Margaret of York, Richard's aunt
* Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare
* Thomas FitzGerald of Laccagh
* Martin Schwartz
* René of Anjou
* John Radcliffe, 9th Baron FitzWalter
* Don Rodrigo Ponce de Leon, Marquess of Cadiz
* Bartholomew Diaz
* Sire de Beverem
* Boabdil el Chico
* El Zagal
* El Zogoybi
* Count de Tendilla
* Almoradi Gomelez
* Charles VIII of France
* Anne of Brittany
* Hubert Burgh
* Sir James Keating, prior of Kilmainham and ally of Richard
* Richard Fitzroy
* Sir Simon Mountford
* Sir Thomas Thwaites
* Sir Robert Ratcliffe
* Sir Richard Lessey
* William Worseley, Dean of St. Paul's
* Master William Barley
* Baron George Neville. ally of Richard
* Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
* Adam Floyer
* Lord William Dawbenny
* Thomas Cressenor
* Thomas Astwood
* William Richford
* Thomas Poyns
* Doctor William Sutton
* Robert Langborne
* Sir William Lessey,
* Gilbert Dawbenny, brother of William
* Sir Edward Lisle
* John Tate (Lord Mayor of London)
* Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
* Sir John Digby, Lieutenant of the Tower of London
* Sir John Peachy
* Lord Astley
* Sir Patrick Hamilton of Kincavil, ally of Richard
* Mary Boyd, suitor of James
* Lady Jane Kennedy, suitor of James
* Lord Audley
* Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk
* John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk
* Earl of Errol
* Earl of Douglas
* Sir Thomas Todd
* Sir Roderick-de-Lalane
* Andrew Stewart, Bishop of Moray
* Master Heron, lieutenant of Richard chosen by Monina de Faro
* Master Skelton, lieutenant of Richard chosen by Monina de Faro
* Master Treireife, lieutenant of Richard chosen by Monina de Faro
* William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon, ally of Henry VII
* Adam Wicherly
* Mat Oldcraft
* John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford
* Empson
* Garthe
* John Cheney
* Sir Harry de Vere
* Clim of Tregothius
* Swartz (son of Martin)
* Clym of the Lyn, a forester and ally of Richard
* Sir Hugh Luttrell, Lancastrian ordered to take Richard prisoner
* Long Roger, prisoner in the Tower of London who aids in Edward and Richard's escape attempt
* Dame Madge, Long Roger's wife (unseen character)
* Abel Blewet, prisoner in the Tower of London who aids in Edward and Richard's escape attempt, a murderous near-dwarf
* Mat Strangeways, prisoner in the Tower of London who aids in Edward and Richard's escape attempt, a drunk
* Master Astwood, prisoner in the Tower of London who aids in Edward and Richard's escape attempt, a miser

### in flashbacks

* Richard III of England, Richard's paternal uncle, who allegedly orchestrated his murder
* Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, Richard's maternal uncle, whose death was orchestrated by Richard III
* Edward V of England, Richard's older brother
* George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, Richard's paternal uncle, whose death was orchestrated by Richard III
* Sir James Tirell, vassal of Richard III whom he was alleged to have hired to kill Richard
* John Dighton, servant of Tirell and alleged murderer of Richard
* James III of Scotland, father of James IV
* Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk
* Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford
* Lady Maud Clifford
* Mistress Margery, Richard's governess

## Quotations

Each chapter opens with a quotation, sometimes two. The quotations come from the following authors:
* Edmund Spenser, (I: 1, 5, 6, 15; II: 15; III: 10, 13, 15, 20)
* William Shakespeare (usually spelled "Shakspeare"), (I: 2, 3, 4, 11, 13, 17; II: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 17, III: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, Conclusion)
* Percy Bysshe Shelley, (I: 5, 12; II: 5, 9, III: 2, 21)
* Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, (I: 7)
* Old Ballad, (I: 8, 9; III: 9)
* Lord Byron, (I: 9; III: 18)
* Homer's Hymn to Mercury, (I: 10)
* The Cyclops [ Percy Bysshe Shelley ], (I: 10)
* Thomas Moore, (I: 12; III: 4)
* Geoffrey Chaucer, (I: 14)
* Samuel Taylor Coleridge, (I: 16, 18)
* John Ford, (I: 17; II: 9, 14, 18; III: 1, 6)
* The Heir of Lynne, (II: 1)
* Two Noble Kinsmen, [John Fletcher and William Shakespeare] (II: 7, III: 14, 19)
* The Woeful Lamentation of Jane Shore, (II: 8)
* Ben Jonson, (II: 16)
* Friedrich Schiller's Wallenstein (III: 1, 8)