OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of La Ciotat

The Battle of La Ciotat was a naval engagement in August 1944 during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon. Allied forces, engaged at the main landings in Vichy France, ordered a small flotilla of American and British warships to make a feint against the port city of La Ciotat as a diversion. The Allies hoped to draw German forces away from the main landing zones at Cavalaire-sur-Mer, Saint-Tropez and Saint Raphaël. During the operation, two German warships attacked the Allied flotilla.

## Battle

On 17 August 1944, the Allied command appointed Captain John D. Bulkeley to take charge of the operation. Bulkeley proceeded to La Ciotat with a force of one destroyer, USS Endicott, 17 PT boats and the British Insect-class gunboats HMS Scarab and Aphis. When the Allies arrived off La Ciotat, the PT boats and gunboats were sent in ahead of Endicott and sank a German merchant steamer in the harbor. The warships then bombarded targets in the city until two German ships were spotted. They were the former Italian Gabbiano-class corvette Antilope, renamed UJ6082 and the former Egyptian armed yacht Nimet Allah. UJ6082 was armed with one 100 mm (3.9 in) gun and two torpedo tubes. Her sister ship UJ6081 had been sunk two days earlier at the Battle of Port Cros. The yacht mounted only a German anti-aircraft/anti-tank 88 mm (3.46 in) Flak gun.
The two British gunboats engaged the Germans with their 6 in (150 mm) and 12-pounder weapons, but the enemy fire was so accurate that they were forced to withdraw. USS Endicott, with only one 5 in (130 mm) gun in operation, opened fire from within 1,500 yd (1,400 m) of the enemy ships. The Germans switched fire from the gunboats to Endicott and hit her, wounding one man, the only American casualty. Although a dud, the shell tore a large hole in Endicott's side. In an engagement that lasted just under an hour, the Americans and the Germans dueled at close range until both the corvette and the yacht were sunk. The Allies then resumed their bombardment of the city. When later asked why he engaged two enemy vessels, Captain Bulkeley replied, "What else could I do? You engage, you fight, you win. That is the reputation of our Navy, then and in the future."
On the same day, American aircraft, just north of La Ciotat, dropped around 300 dummy paratroopers and explosive devices that simulated rifle fire. German casualties are unknown, although Endicott rescued 169 sailors who became prisoners of war. John Bulkeley eventually rose to the rank of vice admiral in the United States Navy, retiring from service in 1988.

## Gallery

* HMS Aphis during World War II
* USS Endicott in 1944
# Kafeel

Kafeel may refer to:
* Kafeel Khan, an Indian doctor
* Kafeel, a Bedouin arbitrator, see Bedouin systems of justice
* Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani (1942–2006), Mufti of Deoband
* Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi (born 1951), Indian Islamic scholar
* Kafeel Ahmed (died 2007), one of the perpetrators of the 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack
* A sponsor in the kafala migrant labor system
# Eudokia Ingerina

Eudokia (or Eudocia) Ingerina (Greek: Ευδοκία Ιγγερίνα; c. 840 – c. 882) was a Byzantine empress as the wife of the Byzantine emperor Basil I, the mistress of his predecessor Michael III, and the mother of emperors Leo VI and Alexander, as well as the mother of Patriarch Stephen I of Constantinople.

## Family

Eudokia was the daughter of Inger, who was probably a Varangian, while her mother Melissena was a member of a prominent Greek family, the Martinakoi, who claimed imperial ancestry to Heraclius' sister and second mother-in-law, or according to a later alternative reconstruction by Christian Settipani, her connection to the Martinakoi came through her father, whom he identifies as a Byzantine noble, Inger Martinakios, logothete.

## Life

Because her family was iconoclastic, the Empress Mother Theodora strongly disapproved of them. Around 855, Eudokia became the mistress of Theodora's son, Michael III, who thus incurred the anger of his mother and the powerful minister Theoktistos. Unable to risk a major scandal by leaving his wife, Michael married Eudokia to his friend Basil but continued his relationship with her. Basil was compensated with the emperor's sister Thekla as his own mistress.
Eudokia gave birth to a son, Leo, in September 866 and another, Stephen, in November 867. They were officially Basil's children, but this paternity was questioned, apparently even by Basil himself. The strange promotion of Basil to co-emperor in May 866 lends support to the great probability that at least Leo was actually Michael III's illegitimate son. The parentage of Eudokia's younger children is not a subject of dispute, as Michael III was murdered in September 867.
A decade into Basil's reign, Eudokia became involved with another man, whom the emperor ordered to be tonsured as monk. In 882, she selected Theophano as wife for her son Leo, and died shortly afterwards.

## Children

Eudokia and Basil officially had six children:
* Leo VI (19 September 866 – 11 May 912), who succeeded as emperor and according to the majority view of scholars was a son of Michael III.
* Stephen I (November 867 – 18 May 893), patriarch of Constantinople, who according to the majority view of scholars was a son of Michael III.
* Alexander (c. 870 – 6 June 913), who succeeded as emperor in 912.
* Anna, Helen, and Maria (all d. 905/12 or after). Nuns in the convent of St Euphemia, Petron.

## Sources

* Hollingsworth, Paul A.; Culter, Anthony (1991). "Eudokia Ingerina". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. p. 739. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
* Cyril Mango, "Eudocia Ingerina, the Normans, and the Macedonian Dynasty," Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta, XIV-XV, 1973, 17–27.
* Lilie, Ralph-Johannes; Ludwig, Claudia; Zielke, Beate; Pratsch, Thomas, eds. (2013). "Eudokia (#1632)". Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit (in German). De Gruyter.
* Martindale, J.R. (2001). Eudokia 2. ISBN 978-1-897747-32-2. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
* Treadgold, Warren (1988). The Byzantine Revival, 780–842. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 283–287. ISBN 978-0-8047-1462-4.
# Teressa Island

Teressa (Teressa language: Luroo, Hindi: तेरेस्सा, also called Tarasa Dwip) is one of the Nicobar Islands, India.

## History

When Austria claimed the Nicobar Islands as a colony (1778-1784) on the assumption that Denmark had abandoned its claim (1754/56-1868), they named Teressa after the Austrian Arch-duchess Maria Theresia. Extensive damage to the island's flora and fauna occurred following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

## Geography

Teressa lies west of the neighboring island of Camorta and northwest of Katchal. The smaller island known as Chowra is to the north and Bompoka lies to the east. The northern portion of the island has elevations reaching 87 meters. The island has a surface area of 101.26 km$^2$.

## Demography

The Indian National Census of 2011 showed the island to have a population of 1,934, and the largest settlements were: Bengali (354), Kalasi (335), and Minyuk (305).

## Administration

The island belongs to Teressa-Chowra Taluk of the township of Nancowry.
Other islands in Teressa-Chowra tehsil are: Chowra Island, Bompuka Island, Tillangchong Island and Laouk Island.

## Image gallery

Safed Balu Beach
The Safed Balu Beach (white sand beach) is situated at the east opposite to Bampoka Island.
* Map
* Aerial View
# Blood of the Innocent (film)

Blood of the Innocent (also released on VHS as Beyond Forgiveness or in Poland as Anioł śmierci (The Angel of Death)) is a 1994 American-Polish direct-to-video film directed by Bob Misiorowski and starring Thomas Ian Griffith, John Rhys-Davies, Rutger Hauer, Artur Żmijewski and Bożena Szymańska. The film premiere on Showtime on December 10, 1994.

## Premise

A Chicago cop goes to Poland to get the hoods who killed his brother. He soon discovers that his brother was killed by the Russian mafia, who are killing local peasants and selling their organs on the black market.

## Cast

* Thomas Ian Griffith as Detective Frank Wusharsky
* John Rhys-Davies as Captain Shmuda
* Rutger Hauer as Dr. Lem
* Artur Żmijewski as Detective Marty Wusharsky
* Bożena Szymańska as Patty
* Aleksander Wysocki as "Scarface"
* Jan Prochyra as Zelepukhin
* Jerry Flynn as FBI Agent Reed
* Marcin Szpil as Sasha
* Ilona Kucińska as Sasha's Mother
* Dominika Ostałowska as Sonia
* Andrzej Zieliński as Bjelski
* Stanisław Brejdygant as Morsztyn
* Joanna Trzepiecinska as Anna
* Hanna Dunowska as Dr. Lem's Assistant
* Jerzy Karaszkiewicz as Stan, The Bartender
* Leon Niemczyk as Polish Priest
* Witold Dębicki as Polish Bakery Owner

## Reception

Website Moria.co gave the film two stars and concluded: "Beyond Forgiveness is routine in most regards, although has some occasional points that make it interesting watching. One of these is that it the filmmakers have actually gone on location and shot in Poland. The shooting around the various castles and markets adds something picturesque and undeniably different to the standard American locations. Misiorowski at least gives a passably credibility to the situation. The plot is not great but the culture clash aspect is effectively conveyed."
# IDLE

IDLE (short for Integrated Development and Learning Environment) is an integrated development environment for Python, which has been bundled with the default implementation of the language since 1.5.2b1. It is packaged as an optional part of the Python packaging with many Linux distributions. It is completely written in Python and the Tkinter GUI toolkit (wrapper functions for Tcl/Tk).
IDLE is intended to be a simple IDE and suitable for beginners, especially in an educational environment. To that end, it is cross-platform, and avoids feature clutter.
According to the included README, its main features are:
* Multi-window text editor with syntax highlighting, autocompletion, smart indent and other features.
* Python shell with syntax highlighting.
* Integrated debugger with stepping, persistent breakpoints, and call stack visibility.
Author Guido van Rossum says IDLE stands for "Integrated Development and Learning Environment", and since Van Rossum named the language Python after the British comedy group Monty Python, the name IDLE was probably also chosen partly to honor Eric Idle, one of Monty Python's founding members.
# CAAC Flight 301

CAAC Flight 301, a Hawker Siddeley Trident operated by CAAC Guangzhou Regional Administration (now China Southern Airlines) from Guangzhou Baiyun to Hong Kong Kai Tak, ran off the runway in Hong Kong on 31 August 1988 after clipping approach lights. This was the first accident of China Southern Airlines since the split of CAAC Airlines from 1 July 1988. Six crew members and one passenger perished in the accident. The crash shut down Kai Tak Airport for more than six hours after the accident.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a British-built Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E, powered by three Rolls-Royce Spey 512-5W, The first flight was in 1973. Total airframe hours were 14,332, C/n /msn 2159. Registration was B-2218.

## Accident sequence

While on final approach to Kai Tak Airport, in rain with 450 metres (1,480 ft) visibility, the right wing of the Hawker Siddeley Trident operating the flight clipped approach lights of Runway 31 and the main landing gear tyres hit the runway promontory, causing the right main landing gear to be ripped from the wing. The aircraft then became airborne and impacted the runway 600 metres further on. The aircraft then veered off the runway to the right and diagonally crossed the grassed runway strip surrounding it. The nose and left main landing gear then collapsed and the aircraft slid over the parallel taxiway and into Kowloon Bay. The cockpit was cut off and the rest of the aircraft was intact. Attempts were made by divers to get to the cockpit where the flight crew were stationed but were unsuccessful, the cockpit crew were injured by the impact but autopsies showed that the cause of death was from drowning.

## Passengers

Of the 89 occupants of the aircraft, seven died and an additional 15 received injuries. Of the dead, six were crew members and one was a Hong Kong passenger who succumbed to his injuries in a hospital. The dead crew members were in the front of the aircraft. Three crew members, all Chinese, received injuries and survived. Of the 12 American passengers, two received injuries. Seven Hong Kong passengers, two Taiwanese passengers, and one Frenchman received injuries. One injured passenger was a Chinese-American.

## Investigation

The report noted "From the limited evidence available it was not possible to positively determine the cause of the accident. The report concludes that the final approach became unstable, and that windshear may have been a contributory factor. The final deviation below the normal approach path was probably due to a sudden reduction and distortion of the visual reference caused by heavy rain." The report further noted that "... The accident was survivable. The flight crew were not wearing shoulder harness. A sixth crew in the flight compartment was sitting on a small metal stool that was not fastened in any way.... There were no safety leaflet for passengers.... One cabin crew did not fasten her seat belt while landing.... No lifejackets were carried for passengers despite approaches and departures were over water".
# 1978 United States elections

Elections were held on November 7, 1978, to elect the members of the 96th United States Congress. The election occurred in the middle of Democratic President Jimmy Carter's term. Democrats retained control of both houses of Congress.
The Democrats lost three seats in the United States Senate to the Republicans. Democrats won the nationwide popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 8.9 percentage points, but lost fifteen seats to Republicans. The elections represent the most recent instance in which the president's party retained control of both houses of Congress in a midterm election, although the 2002 elections saw Republicans retain the House and win control of the Senate.
In the gubernatorial elections, Republicans picked up six seats. Among the newly elected governors was future president Bill Clinton from Arkansas. Clinton's eventual successor as president, George W. Bush, ran as the Republican nominee in Texas's 19th congressional district but was defeated by Democrat Kent Hance, while future president Joe Biden was elected to his second term as Senator from Delaware. Also Georgia's 6th congressional district was flipped from Democratic to Republican by future House Speaker and one-time presidential candidate, Republican Newt Gingrich.
Though Republicans gains were relatively modest for a midterm election, the election set the stage for the Reagan Revolution. Many of the newly elected members of Congress were more conservative than their predecessors, and most supported tax cuts that would eventually be implemented in the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. The election also ended the possibility of a ratification of the SALT II treaty with the Soviet Union. Carter's move to the center after this election encouraged a 1980 Democratic primary challenge by Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy.
# Ariel D. Procaccia

Ariel D. Procaccia (Hebrew: אריאל פרוקצ'יה) is an Israeli computer scientist. He is the Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University. He was previously an associate professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University. He is known for his research in artificial intelligence (AI) and theoretical computer science, especially for his work on computational aspects of game theory, social choice, and fair division. He is the founder of Spliddit, a fair division website.

## Biography

Procaccia received his Ph.D., summa cum laude, in computer science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2009. His doctoral dissertation won the IFAAMAS Victor Lesser Distinguished Dissertation Award for the best dissertation in the area of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. Subsequently, he was a postdoctoral researcher at Microsoft and Harvard University, where he was partially supported by a Rothschild Fellowship from Yad Hanadiv. In 2011, he joined the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University as a faculty member. In spring 2020 he was on sabbatical at Carnegie Mellon University, where he was a faculty member until 2019.

## Research and awards

In 2015, Procaccia won the IJCAI Computers and Thought Award, given every two years since 1971 to an outstanding AI researcher under the age of 35, for "his contributions to the fields of computational social choice and computational economics, and for efforts to make advanced fair division techniques more widely accessible". He is a recipient of a 2015 Sloan Research Fellowship, a 2018 Guggenheim Fellowship, the 2020 Social Choice and Welfare Prize, and the 2024 Kalai Prize.

## Misc

Procaccia is an emeritus blogger on the popular algorithmic game theory blog "Turing's Invisible Hand."
# The Bicester School

The Bicester School is a coeducational secondary school, with 963 students (including a sixth form). It is situated in Bicester, Oxfordshire, England, and occupies a 32-acre (130,000 m$^2$) site leading off Queens Avenue.
The school's sports facilities are used by Bicester Athletic Club, which was awarded National Lottery funding to add all-weather surfaces to the sports field's jumping and throwing event areas.

## History

Bicester County School opened in September 1924 in a building at the junction of London Road and Launton Road (now called Hometree House). It became a grammar school in 1956 and became known as Bicester Grammar School.
Highfield Secondary Modern School, built in 1952, was the first school on the Queens Avenue site. The grammar school moved to the site in 1963, and the two schools merged in 1966 to become Bicester Community College.
The school became a government-designated specialist Technology College in 1998.
In May 2011 Bicester Community College received the Most Improved Award from the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust (SSAT) for significantly improving its 5+ A*–C results including GCSE English and Mathematic by 20 percentage points from 2007 to 2010.
Ofsted rated the school 'Satisfactory' in its 2010 inspection report. After another inspection in 2012, Ofsted downgraded their rating to 'Inadequate', the lowest of the four Ofsted tiers. The school was put in special measures in February 2013.
Oxfordshire County Council subsequently asked the Department for Education for permission to remove the board of governors, with the request being granted on Thursday 21 February 2013. A new interim executive board (IEB) was put in place to oversee the school. Principal Jason Clarke left the school by mutual agreement with the IEB, and the IEB announced the appointment of neighbouring Cooper School head Ben Baxter as interim head from April.
An Ofsted inspection in 2014 increased the school's rating to 'Good' across all categories. The school also received 'Good' from Ofsted in 2018 and 2024.
In August 2015, Bicester Community College converted to academy status and was renamed The Bicester School. The school is now sponsored by Activate Learning.
# Alpha Group International

Alpha Group International plc is a British financial services business specialising in the management of foreign exchange risk for corporate businesses. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

## History

The company was founded by Morgan Tillbrook as a foreign exchange management business known as Alpha FX in 2009. It was the subject of an initial public offering on the Alternative Investment Market in 2017, and acquired the multi-bank trading platform, Cobase, in September 2023. It then moved to the main market of the London Stock Exchange in April 2024.
# Christopher O'Sullivan

Christopher O'Sullivan (born 2 June 1982) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-West constituency since the 2020 general election.

## Early

O'Sullivan is a law graduate of the University of Limerick. His father, Christy O'Sullivan, served as a Fianna Fáil TD from 2007 to 2011.

## Political career
### Cork County Council

O'Sullivan was co-opted onto Cork County Council in 2007, replacing his father, Christy O'Sullivan. He was subsequently re-elected in the 2009, 2014 and 2019 local elections. He served as Mayor of Cork County Council from 2019 to 2020. Deirdre Kelly was co-opted to O'Sullivan's seat on Cork County Council following his election to the Dáil.

### Dáil Éireann

O'Sullivan was elected to the 33rd Dail at the 2020 general election, taking the second seat in the Cork South-West constituency. He received 6,292 first preference votes, taking 14.1% of first presences votes overall.
At the 2024 general election, O'Sullivan was re-elected to the Dáil.

## Personal life

O'Sullivan was previously in a relationship with fellow Cork TD Holly Cairns of Social Democrats. However, the relationship ended in 2020; Cairns cited pressure from social media for Cairns and O'Sullivan to answer for each other's political decisions as having negatively impacted upon them.
# French Geodesic Mission to Lapland

The French Geodesic Mission to Lapland was one of the two geodesic missions carried out in 1736–1737 by the French Academy of Sciences for measuring the shape of the Earth. One expedition was sent to Ecuador to perform measurements near the Equator; the other was sent to Meänmaa to perform measurements near the Arctic Circle.
The expedition to Meänmaa was led by Pierre Louis Maupertuis. As Swedish representative, professor Anders Celsius joined the team. The expedition arrived in Tornio on June 19, 1736, spent the rest of 1736 making measurements, and returned to France on June 10, 1737. By measuring the length of the arc, Maupertuis's team was able to prove that the Earth is, indeed, flattened at the poles as Sir Isaac Newton had predicted.
The books describing this trip, written by Maupertuis and Réginald Outhier, have given us much information about the nature and culture of 18th-century Lapland, and the books have inspired many travellers to head to Meänmaa.

## Results

The team measured the length of a meridian arc of approximately one degree's length – about 111 km. The south end of the arc was at the tower of the church of Tornio, the north end was at the hill of Kittisvaara.
After arriving in Tornio in summer, the team moved north along the Meänmaa valley, making precise angle measurements between reference points to lay down a system of triangulations. They also performed astronomical observations to determine their latitude. After reaching Kittisvaara, they turned back and reached Tornio in winter. They then laid out a 8.4-mile baseline and used wooden rods to measure its length to an accuracy of 4 inches.
After analyzing their data, they found that the length of 1 degree of latitude to be 57,422 toise in Lapland. The other expedition to Ecuador found it to be 56,734 toise in Ecuador. Jean Picard had surveyed the Paris-Amiens region in 1669, finding a figure of 57,060 toise. Together, these figures showed the shape of the Earth to be oblate.
   Thus, Sir, You See the Earth is Oblate, according to the Actual Measurements, as it has been already found by the Law of Staticks: and this flatness appears even more considerable than Sir Isaac Newton thought it.
   Maupertuis' Letter to James Bradley, third Astronomer Royal of Great Britain.
Later, Euler used figures from these expeditions, as well as later data, to compute the shape of the Earth.