OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pantherophis ramspotti

Pantherophis ramspotti, commonly known as the western fox snake, is a species of rat snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to the upper Midwestern United States, west of the Mississippi River. It is nonvenomous.

## Etymology

The specific name, ramspotti, is in honor of the late aspiring herpetologist Joseph Ramspott.

## Species status

Prior to 2011, when P. ramspotti was proposed as a new species, it was thought to be the same species as P. vulpinus, and P. vulpinus was sometimes called the western fox snake. A 2011 paper by Crother, White, Savage, Eckstut, Graham and Gardner proposed that the Mississippi River be established as the species boundary between two species of fox snakes, and that those found to its east be considered P. vulpinus (including those previously known as P. gloydi ) and those found to its west be given the new name P. ramspotti. This proposed that P. vulpinus, which had been known as the western fox snake, become known as the eastern fox snake, and the new P. ramspotti become known as the western fox snake.

## Geographic range

P. ramspotti is found in the upper Midwestern United States, west of the Mississippi River.
The range of the closely related Pantherophis vulpinus is east of the Mississippi River. The two species overlap along the eastern side of the Mississippi River, but there is no intergrade zone.

## Habitat

P. ramspotti is found in a variety of habitats, both natural and disturbed. Preferred natural habitats include forest, shrubland, grassland, and freshwater wetlands. Disturbed habitats include pastures, old fields, and other farmland.

## Diet

Fox snakes are constrictors and primarily feed on mice and other small rodents. They may also consume young rabbits, frogs, and eggs.

## Behavior

P. ramspotti is fairly bold and will travel in close proximity to other animals and humans if undisturbed. When confronted, it "rattles" its tail to imitate a rattlesnake and to attempt to deter the perceived threat. It will also go into an "S" position and snap rapidly in succession. These are all defensive maneuvers in an effort to escape.

## Reproduction

P. ramspotti is oviparous. Eggs are laid in humus in old stumps and under logs.
# Raton Pass (film)

Raton Pass is a 1951 American Western film directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Dennis Morgan, Patricia Neal and Steve Cochran.

## Plot

New Mexico Territory, 1880. Pierre Challon and son Marc own a big ranch that encompasses both sides of Raton Pass. They lease additional acres from homesteaders to accommodate their cattle. It is an uneasy arrangement, leading to occasional feuding. Against this background, two strangers arrive: an attractive woman, Ann, and a ruthless gunfighter, Cy Van Cleave, with whom she flirts. After making lunch plans with Cy, she observes an altercation between Cy and Marc, who emerges as the victor. She immediately snubs Van Cleave for Marc, who is quickly enchanted with her feminine charms. Before the town realizes it, the two get hitched. The newlyweds are pleasantly surprised by Papa Pierre's wedding gift, a title deed transferring ownership of the ranch to the happy couple.
As 50% owner, Ann wants a say-so in the ranch's operation. Being a woman in the Old West, of course, no one takes her seriously. She becomes dissatisfied, bored and sullen—until Prentice, a Chicago banker, arrives. Ann sees an opportunity to manipulate the banker and further her plans. So, when Marc and his father go on a business trip, Ann and Prentice are left free to (a) engage in a huge, but risky land-irrigation venture; and (b) embark on a torrid love affair. When the Challons return, they are stunned to discover Ann and Prentice in a romantic clinch, planning to swindle Marc out of his share of the ranch. Pierre Challon urges his son shoot his adulterous wife and avenge family honor. To his father's dismay, Marc sells his 50% share to Ann. He is confident her irrigation deal will backfire and leave her broke, allowing Marc to buy back the land for pennies on the dollar.
Lena Casamajor, a homesteader's niece, has always hankered for Marc. She fears Ann will despoil the landscape for both ranchers and farmers. So she sets up a meeting between Marc and the homesteaders. He offers them a deal to finance irrigation for all parties if they agree to help him deny Ann access to the grazing acreage Marc still leases from the homesteaders. Not to be thwarted, Ann hires Van Cleave as ranch foreman to instigate a range war. Soon, bullets fly from all directions. At one point, Van Cleave shoots Marc in the back. Miraculously, he survives. Meanwhile, fed up with the bloodletting, Prentice abandons Ann. The Challons are now the only ones who can stop him—and they do, but not before the murderous foreman turns his deadly aim on Ann.

## Cast

* Dennis Morgan as Marc Challon
* Patricia Neal as Ann Challon
* Steve Cochran as Cy Van Cleave
* Scott Forbes as Prentice
* Dorothy Hart as Lena Casamajor
* Basil Ruysdael as Pierre Challon
* Louis Jean Heydt as Jim Pozner (as Louis J. Heydt)
* Roland Winters as Sheriff Perigord
* James Burke as Hank
* Elvira Curci as Tia
# Canvey Island Independent Party

The Canvey Island Independent Party (CIIP) is a local political party active on Canvey Island, in Essex, England. It was established in 2004 by Labour councillor Dave Blackwell to campaign for a separate district council for Canvey Island.

## Background

Canvey Island became a single civil parish in 1881, replacing 17 former divisions that had existed in broadly the same form since the Norman era. In 1926, the parish was converted to the Canvey Island Urban District, which governed the island as a distinct entity. The urban district was dissolved along with the mainland Benfleet Urban District in the Local Government Act 1972 to form the local government district and borough of Castle Point, ending Canvey Island's existence as a separate entity in local government.
The Canvey Island Independents were established in 2004 to campaign for a return to Canvey Island's autonomy, which had been abolished 32 years previously. They argued that the current local government arrangements – which saw more councillors elected to the borough council from the mainland – were unfair to the residents of Canvey Island. They also campaigned for more power to be devolved to Canvey Island Town Council, a parish council subordinate to Castle Point which is responsible for limited services and facilities and on the island.

## Election results

Since its formation the Canvey Island Independent Party has contested elections on a yearly basis, with representation at borough and county council level. It is also active at the parish level, with Canvey Island Independents sitting on Canvey Island Town Council. The party does not contest Parliamentary elections.

### Borough Council elections

The Canvey Island Independents have been represented continuously on Castle Point Borough Council since their first election in 2004. They were consistently the second-largest group on the council, behind the ruling Conservatives until the 2022 elections, in which they came in first place after the Conservatives lost 6 seats.
| Year | Councillors | Control |
| 2004 | 6 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2006 | 11 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2007 | 15 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2008 | 15 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2010 | 16 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2011 | 16 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2012 | 15 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2014 | 16 / 41 | No overall control |
| 2015 | 13 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2016 | 14 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2018 | 14 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2019 | 16 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2021 | 16 / 41 | Conservative |
| 2022 | 16 / 41 | No overall control |
| 2023 | 16 / 41 | No overall control |
| 2024 | 15 / 39 | The People's Independent Party |

### County council elections

The Canvey Island Independents have been represented on Essex County Council since the 2009 election, having failed to secure either seat on Canvey Island at the elections in 2005. They won both Canvey Island seats at the 2021 election.
| Year | Castle Point Councillors | Control |
| 2005 | 0 / 5 | Conservative |
| 2009 | 1 / 5 | Conservative |
| 2013 | 1 / 5 | Conservative |
| 2017 | 2 / 5 | Conservative |
| 2021 | 2 / 5 | Conservative |
# Neil Cantlie

Lieutenant-General Sir Neil Cantlie KCB KBE MC FRCS (1892–1975) was a Scottish Royal Army Medical Corps officer, known also as a biographer and historical writer. He served in World War I and World War II, and was Director-General Army Medical Services from 1948 to 1952.

## Life

He was the youngest son of James Cantlie, born 11 December 1892 in Hong Kong. He was educated at Robert Gordon's College, and entered Aberdeen University where he graduated MB ChB in 1914.
Cantlie joined the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) in July 1914, with the rank of lieutenant. On the outbreak of World War I he was in the British Expeditionary Force in France, was wounded at the First Battle of Ypres, and was promoted captain in 1915. In January 1918 he was awarded the Military Cross.
In 1920 Cantlie became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, and was seconded to the Egyptian Army. He took part in the 1924 military action in Khartoum that followed the assassination of Lee Stack and resignation of Saad Zaghloul. That year he was promoted major.
Cantlie then gained surgical qualifications at the Royal Army Medical College, going on to take up military hospital positions. In 1935 he was promoted lieutenant-colonel. He was in Peshawar during the Waziristan campaign (1936–1939).
In 1939 Cantlie was running the surgery department at the Cambridge Military Hospital. After other hospital postings, and promotion as colonel in 1941, he joined the 46th Division as Assistant Director Medical Services, and served in Operation Torch. Promoted brigadier, he was with V Corps to 1944. Then, ranked major-general, he went as Deputy Director Medical Services to Eastern Command, India, for the rest of the war.
Returning to the United Kingdom in 1946, Cantlie was Deputy Director Medical Services, Southern Command to 1948. Then, with promotion to lieutenant-general, he was Director-General Army Medical Services from 1948 to 1952, retiring from the RAMC. He was honoured with the CB in 1946, KBE in 1949, and KCB in 1952; and was King's Honorary Surgeon from 1950 to 1952.
Sir Neil Cantlie died on 16 May 1975 in the Queen Alexandra Military Hospital, London.

## Works

In a 1923 paper with El Bimhashi, for Mongalla, Cantlie covered sexually transmitted diseases and yaws. With George Seaver, he wrote a biography of his father, Sir James Cantlie: A Romance in Medicine (1939). A History of the Army Medical Department (2 vols.) appeared in 1974.

## Family

Cantlie married in 1930 Alice Mary Irene Lucas, daughter of Rev. Robert Holmes Lucas (1873–1949), vicar of Yealmpton. They had one son, Colin.
# Referendums in Slovakia

Referendums in Slovakia are initiated by gathering 350,000 signatures from Slovak voters. In order to be valid, at least 50% of eligible voters must participate in the referendum. So far, only one referendum has had sufficient turnout, the 2003 Slovak European Union membership referendum, in which 52% of eligible voters cast a ballot and 92% elected to join the European Union.

## List of referendums

* 1994 Slovak disclosure referendum
* 1997 Slovak referendum
* 1998 Slovak privatisation referendum
* 2000 Slovak early parliamentary elections referendum
* 2003 Slovak European Union membership referendum
* 2004 Slovak early parliamentary elections referendum
* 2010 Slovak political reform referendum
* 2015 Slovak same-sex marriage referendum
* 2023 Slovak constitutional referendum
# Showko Showfukutei

Showko Showfukutei (笑福亭 笑子, Shōfukutei Shōko) is a Japanese comedian, ventriloquist, professional rakugo performer (Japanese traditional comedy), actor, and speaker based in Melbourne. She has lived and worked in London, Tokyo, Osaka, Singapore and regularly performs internationally, including the Edinburgh Fringe and Melbourne International Comedy Festival. Showko was a finalist on Australia's Got Talent in 2016, and in 2019 released an Amazon Prime Video called Absolutely Normal in the US and UK. Her stage show is a combination of stand-up comedy and ventriloquism.
Showko regularly performs rakugo (Japanese traditional comedy) and she is a member of the Kamigata Rakugo Association (上方落語協会).

## Career

Showko did her rakugo training with Rakugo Master Shōfukutei Kakushow to become a professional rakugo performer. Showko Showfukutei is a stage name awarded to her after completing a three-year Rakugo apprenticeship and she is the only fully trained professional rakugo performer living outside of Japan.
Showko has written, produced and performed her own shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Brighton Fringe (UK), Avignon Festival (France), Melbourne International Comedy Festival, Sushi Dictator, The Butterfly Club, Melbourne Fringe Festival, The Athenaeum Theatre and was directed by Heath McIvor for her latest show Absolutely Normal at the 2018 Melbourne International Comedy Festival at the Malthouse Theatre and the Adelaide Fringe receiving 5 star review.
Showko has appeared on a Japanese TV show Gooto Chikyu bin (グッと地球便) documenting her life and career, TV Tokyo Sekai Naze Sokoninihonjin (世界なぜそこに日本人海外で超有名人スペシャル). NHK Tsurube no Kazokini Kampai (鶴瓶の家族に乾杯), Singapore (Channel NewsAsia: “Primetime Morning”) and Australia on Australia's Got Talent 2016 as a finalist, ABC TV for the "International Women's Day Debate" as well as being interviewed on ABC National Radio with John Faine.

## Radio

Prior to becoming a comedian, Showko was a radio presenter and DJ with regular programs for Radio Osaka, FM Uji, Yes FM and Beach Station FM in Japan, and FM96.3 at MediaCorp Singapore.
# Sally Benson (professor)

Sally M. Benson is a professor of energy engineering at Stanford University. In 2014, she was appointed as director of the Precourt Institute for Energy, the university's hub of energy research and education. Benson will continue on as director of Stanford's Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP), a position she has had since 2007.
On November 24, 2021, Benson was appointed to the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy as deputy director for Energy and Chief Strategist for the Energy Transition.

## Biography

Benson received a B.S. in geology from Barnard College of Columbia University, an M.Sc.and a Ph.D. in materials and mineral engineering from the University of California-Berkeley.
Benson has held several positions with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California. These include 1980–2007, Staff scientist (director 1993–1997), Earth Sciences Division; 2001–2004, deputy director for operations; 1997–2001, Associate laboratory director, Energy Sciences.

## Awards and honours

Benson has won various awards, including the 2012 Greenman Award, Michel T. Halbouty Distinguished Lecture Award from the Geological Society, and the ARCS American Pacesetter Award. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2023 and to the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences & Engineering in 2024.
# Avinger Independent School District

Avinger Independent School District is a public school district based in Avinger, Texas (USA). The district is located in southwestern Cass County and extends into a portion of Marion County.

## Finances

As of the 2010–2011 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $51,670,000. The maintenance tax rate was $0.117 and the bond tax rate was $0.011 per $100 of appraised valuation.

## Academic achievement

In 2011, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency. Thirty-five percent of districts in Texas in 2011 received the same rating. No state accountability ratings will be given to districts in 2012. A school district in Texas can receive one of four possible rankings from the Texas Education Agency: Exemplary (the highest possible ranking), Recognized, Academically Acceptable, and Academically Unacceptable (the lowest possible ranking).
Historical district TEA accountability ratings
* 2011: Recognized
* 2010: Recognized
* 2009: Recognized
* 2008: Recognized
* 2007: Recognized
* 2006: Recognized
* 2005: Academically Acceptable
* 2004: Academically Acceptable

## Schools

As of the 2011–2012 school year, the district had one school, Avinger School. From at least 2004 through 2010, there was a separate Avinger Elementary School.

## Special programs
### Athletics

Avinger High School participates in the boys sports of basketball and wrestling. The school participates in the girls sport of basketball. For the 2012 through 2014 school years, Avinger High School will play basketball in UIL Class 1A Division II.
# Nicholas F. Taubman

Nicholas Frank Taubman (born 1935) is a United States businessman, politician, and ambassador. He served as the United States Ambassador to Romania 2005–2008.

## Early life

Nicholas Taubman was born 1935 in Roanoke, Virginia to parents Arthur Taubman and Grace. He graduated from Mercersburg Academy, a private college preparatory school, in 1953, then attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.
He served in the U.S. Army from 1957 to 1958, and from 1960 to 1961.

## Business career

From 1969 to 2005, Taubman served as President and CEO of Advance Auto Parts, a chain of auto parts stores founded by his father Arthur Taubman.

## Politics

Taubman served on the Roanoke City Council from 1976 to 1978.
Taubman was appointed U.S. Ambassador to Romania by President George W. Bush in November 2005 and served until December 2008.

## Philanthropy

Taubman and his wife Eugenia (Jenny) are the largest donors to the new Art Museum of Western Virginia, having pledged over $15 million. In recognition, the new museum was renamed the Taubman Museum of Art. He is on the board of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History Their gift funded the Nicholas F. and Eugenia Taubman Gallery of the museum.
# Nessa O'Mahony

Nessa O'Mahony is an Irish poet and a freelance teacher and writer.

## Life and work

Born in Dublin, she was educated in St Louis High School, Rathmines before going on to University College Dublin to study English. She was a recipient of the Mary Colum Award for being the highest-placed female student in English Literature for the BA in 1984. O'Mahony worked as a journalist in RTÉ Aertel and Lafferty Publications, before switching to public relations with roles in the Irish Insurance Federation and Arts Council (Ireland), where she was Head of Public Affairs (1999-2002).
She began writing poetry in 1994. She published her first collection of poems, Bar Talk, in 1999, and was a regular presenter on the radio show Writers Inc. Anna Livia FM from 1997 to 1999. She returned to full-time education in 2002, completing a master's in creative writing at the University of East Anglia (2003) and a PhD in creative and critical writing at the University of Wales Bangor in 2006.
Since then she has won awards for her poetry, worked as assistant editor of the UK literary journal Orbis, and teaches workshops on poetry and writing through a number of venues including the Open University.
Her works have been translated into several languages and published across the world. She lives in Rathfarnham.

## Awards and bursaries

* 1996 Joint winner of the Kerry International Summer School Poetry Competition
* 1997 National Women's Poetry Competition
* shortlisted Patrick Kavanagh Prize
* shortlisted Hennessy Literature Awards
* 2004, 2011 and 2018 Awarded an Arts Council of Ireland literature bursary
* 2005 Simba Gill Fellowship
* 2007 Artists’ bursary from South Dublin County Council
* Artist in residence at the John Hume Institute for Global Irish Studies at University College Dublin

## Criticism

Novelist Joseph O'Connor (In Sight of Home) :
   ‘a moving, powerful and richly pleasurable read, audaciously imagined and achieved’
Poet Tess Gallagher (Her Father’s Daughter) :
   ‘words are her witching sticks and she employs them with beautiful, engaging intent, the better to make present what has preceded and what approaches.’
# Sadłóg

Sadłóg is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Topólka, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Topólka, 15 km (9 mi) south-east of Radziejów, and 53 km (33 mi) south of Toruń.
# Axtell Independent School District

Axtell Independent School District is a public school district based in the community of Axtell, Texas (USA). The district is located in eastern McLennan County and extends into portions of Hill and Limestone counties.

## Finances

As of the 2010–2011 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $111,700,000. The maintenance tax rate was $0.117 and the bond tax rate was $0.000 per $100 of appraised valuation.

## Academic achievement

In 2011, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency. Forty-nine percent of districts in Texas in 2011 received the same rating. No state accountability ratings will be given to districts in 2012. A school district in Texas can receive one of four possible rankings from the Texas Education Agency: Exemplary (the highest possible ranking), Recognized, Academically Acceptable, and Academically Unacceptable (the lowest possible ranking).
Historical district TEA accountability ratings
* 2011: Academically Acceptable
* 2010: Recognized
* 2009: Academically Acceptable
* 2008: Academically Acceptable
* 2007: Academically Acceptable
* 2006: Academically Acceptable
* 2005: Academically Acceptable
* 2004: Recognized

## Schools

In the 2011–2012 school year, the district had students in six schools.

### Regular instructional

* Axtell High School (Grades 9-12)
* Axtell Middle School (Grades 6-8)
* Axtell Elementary School (Grades PK-5)

### Alternative instructional

* Axtell Bruceville-Eddy Learning Center (Grades 4-12)
* Waco Center for Youth (Grades 7-12)

### JJAEP instructional

* Challenge Academy (Grades 6-12)

### Closed schools

* Methodist Home Boys Ranch
# Baird Independent School District

Baird Independent School District is a public school district based in Baird, Texas (USA). In addition to Baird, the district also serves the town of Putnam. The district operates one high school, Baird High School.

## Finances

As of the 2010–2011 school year, the appraised valuation of property in the district was $111,051,000. The maintenance tax rate was $0.117 and the bond tax rate was $0.007 per $100 of appraised valuation.

## Academic achievement

In 2011, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency. Forty-nine percent of districts in Texas in 2011 received the same rating. No state accountability ratings will be given to districts in 2012. A school district in Texas can receive one of four possible rankings from the Texas Education Agency: Exemplary (the highest possible ranking), Recognized, Academically Acceptable, and Academically Unacceptable (the lowest possible ranking).
Historical district TEA accountability ratings
* 2011: Academically Acceptable
* 2010: Recognized
* 2009: Recognized
* 2008: Recognized
* 2007: Academically Acceptable
* 2006: Recognized
* 2005: Academically Acceptable
* 2004: Academically Acceptable

## Schools

As of the 2011–2012 school year, Baird ISD had three schools.
* Baird High School (Grades 9-12)
* Baird Middle (Grades 6-8)
* Baird Elementary (Grades PK-5)

## Special programs
### Athletics

Baird High School participates in the boys sports of baseball, basketball, and football. The school participates in the girls sports of basketball and softball. For the 2012 through 2014 school years, Baird High School will play football in UIL Class 1A Division II.