OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Antonov 181

The Antonov Izdelie 181 (Ukrainian: Виріб 181, Russian: изделие 181, sometimes unofficially called An-181) was a Soviet experimental aircraft created in the 1980s.

## History

The izdelie 181 project was terminated due to the lack of funds following the collapse of the Soviet Union. An interesting feature of the plane is its unusual arc-shaped wing, known as a channel wing; in addition, the aircraft has side-by-side seating, a fixed tricycle landing gear configuration, and a V-tail. Power from the engine is delivered by means of drive shafts and deflection gearboxes to the two-blade propellers. The aircraft received the registration СССР-190101 and is exhibited in the State Museum of Aviation of Ukraine. Willard Ray Custer had previously built aeroplanes with the same wing concept in the USA.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 2 people
* Length: 7,31 m
* Wingspan: 7,3 m
* Height: 2,5 m
* Wing area: 7 m²
* Normal take-off weight: 820 kg
* Maximum take-off weight: 900 kg
* Engine: AP LOM M-337A, 6 cylinders, 103 kW
* Propeller diameter: 1.5 m
* Maximum speed: 225 km / h
* Practical range: 530 km
* Service height: 4200 m
* Starting distance: 70 m
* Landing distance: 80 m
# Radiative levitation

Radiative levitation is the name given to a phenomenon that causes the spectroscopically-derived abundance of heavy elements in the photospheres of hot stars to be very much higher than solar abundance or than the expected bulk abundance; for example, the spectrum of the star Feige 86 has gold and platinum abundances three to ten thousand times higher than solar norms.
The mechanism is that heavier elements have large photon absorption cross-sections when partially ionized (see opacity), so efficiently absorb photons from the radiation coming from the core of the star, and some of the energy of the photons gets converted to outward momentum, effectively 'kicking' the heavy atom towards the photosphere. The effect is strong enough that very hot white dwarfs are significantly less bright in the EUV and X-ray bands than would be expected from a black-body model.
The countervailing process is gravitational settling, where, in very high gravitational fields, the effects of diffusion even in a hot atmosphere are cancelled out to the point that the heavier elements will sink unobservably to the bottom and lighter elements settle on the top.
# Ouche

The Ouche (French pronunciation:) is a river in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It is a right tributary of the Saône, which it joins in Échenon. It is 95.4 km (59.3 mi) long. Its source is in Lusigny-sur-Ouche. The Ouche flows through the towns of Bligny-sur-Ouche, La Bussière-sur-Ouche, Fleurey-sur-Ouche, Velars-sur-Ouche, Dijon, Longvic and Varanges. Part of the Canal de Bourgogne runs through the Ouche valley.
# Rashed Ali

Rashed Ali Salem Mubarak Al-Sowaidi (Arabic: راشد علي سالم مبارك السويدي; born 2 December 1989) is an Emirati footballer. He currently plays as a goalkeeper for Al-Wahda.
# Bonython Manor

Bonython Manor near Cury, Cornwall, England, in the United Kingdom is an estate garden on the Lizard peninsula. Since 1999, the owners have been Mr. & Mrs. Richard Nathan.

## Location

It is located five miles (8 km) south of Helston, on the main A3083 Helston to Lizard Road, turn left at Cury Cross Lanes (Wheel Inn) and the entrance is 300 yd (270 m) on the right.

## Garden

In the 1830s, plantations of beech and Monterey pine were planted near the house, and paths were surfaced by pebbles from Loe Bar, near Helston. Extensive 20-acre (8.1 ha) colourful gardens including a sweeping hydrangea-flanked drive to a Georgian manor house (not open to the public). There are herbaceous walled gardens and a potager with vegetables and picking flowers; three lakes in a valley planted with ornamental grasses, perennials and South African flowers; an exotic mysterious quarry lake; traditional rhododendrons, azaleas and many Spring bulbs.
The gardens are promoted by the Campaign to Protect Rural England.

## House

The house was built in the 1780s, being possibly designed by William Wood, a pupil of the Greenwich architect Thomas Edwards. The building is Grade II* listed. It is a substantial late eighteenth century granite house with a basement and two storeys. The facade has five windows on the upper storey and four on the ground floor, with a central door. Eight wide steps ascend to the doorway which has a rusticated surround and a fanlight above. The Venetian window above the door is arched and is flanked by two side windows. The pediment is capped by four stone pillars each topped by a stone ball. In his Buildings of England: Cornwall, the German/British scholar of the history of architecture, Nikolaus Pevsner, describes the building as "exceptionally elegant".

## History

Sir John Langdon Bonython told The Literary Digest: "Bonython is a Cornish name and the accent is on the second syllable: Bon-y'thon, y as in spy. The ancient family located at Bonython in the Lizard district at a very early period. Existing deeds show that Stephen Bonython was in possession of the family lands in 1277." His family had left Bonython Manor in the seventeenth century, having previously lived in the area for over one thousand years. The manor had passed to the St Agnes Donnithorne family before then; some had emigrated to South Australia in the nineteenth century after Nicholas Donnithorne became bankrupt. The family name Bonython had changed phonetically several times over the centuries, and various descendants had spelled it in different ways, including the Donnithorne family of St Agnes which had split off in about 1500.
# Sergey Shishkin

Sergei Borisovich Shishkin (Russian: Серге́й Борисович Шишкин; born 10 February 1973) is a Russian professional football coach and a former player.

## Playing career

He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1991 for FC Dynamo Yakutsk.
# 1958–59 Cardiff City F.C. season

The 1958–59 season was Cardiff City F.C.'s 32nd season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing ninth.

## Players

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| -- | GK | WAL | Alan Jones |
| -- | GK | WAL | Ken Jones |
| -- | GK | ENG | Ron Nicholls |
| -- | GK | WAL | Graham Vearncombe |
| -- | DF | WAL | Colin Baker |
| -- | DF | ENG | George Bell |
| -- | DF | SCO | Alick Gray |
| -- | DF | SCO | Danny Malloy |
| -- | DF | SCO | Alec Milne |
| -- | DF | WAL | Frank Rankmore |
| -- | DF | WAL | Ron Stitfall |
| -- | DF | WAL | Derrick Sullivan |
| -- | MF | WAL | Steve Gammon |
| -- | MF | WAL | Alan Harrington |
| -- | MF | WAL | Mike Hughes |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| -- | MF | WAL | Brian Jenkins |
| -- | MF | SCO | Ross Menzies |
| -- | MF | WAL | Graham Moore |
| -- | MF | ENG | Cliff Nugent |
| -- | MF | SCO | Bob Scott |
| -- | MF | ENG | Brian Walsh |
| -- | FW | ENG | Joe Bonson |
| -- | FW | ENG | Ron Hewitt |
| -- | FW | ENG | Colin Hudson |
| -- | FW | SCO | George Kelly |
| -- | FW | ENG | Harry Knowles |
| -- | FW | SCO | John McMillan |
| -- | FW | WAL | Brayley Reynolds |
| -- | FW | WAL | Derek Tapscott |

## League standings

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
| 7 | Derby County | 42 | 20 | 8 | 14 | 74 | 71 | 1.042 | 48 |
| 8 | Charlton Athletic | 42 | 18 | 7 | 17 | 92 | 90 | 1.022 | 43 |
| 9 | Cardiff City | 42 | 18 | 7 | 17 | 65 | 65 | 1.000 | 43 |
| 10 | Bristol City | 42 | 17 | 7 | 18 | 74 | 70 | 1.057 | 41 |
| 11 | Swansea Town | 42 | 16 | 9 | 17 | 79 | 81 | 0.975 | 41 |

### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 |
| Ground | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | H | H | A | H | H | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | A | A | A | H | H | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | H | H | A | A |
| Result | L | L | L | W | W | L | D | L | W | W | W | L | W | W | W | L | D | W | W | L | L | W | W | W | W | L | W | D | L | L | W | D | D | D | L | L | L | W | L | W | L | D |
| Position | | | 22 | 20 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 9 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
# Knighton, Stafford

Knighton is a hamlet in the parish of Adbaston in the county of Staffordshire, England.
Knighton is situated 5 miles (8 km) north of Newport, Shropshire, close to the Staffordshire/Shropshire border in undulating agricultural land featuring many endemic hardwood trees. Another feature is the Shropshire Union Canal, which passes through the hamlet at the point of a cutting and substantial embankment. Adjacent to the canal is the Knighton Reservoir, the function of which is to replenish its waters.
Although a fundamentally agricultural community there is a food processing and packaging plant belonging to the food manufacturer Knighton Foods Ltd which processes and packs a wide range of products including Hot Beverages, Instant Desserts, Custards and Whips, Bakery Ingredients, Instant Milks, Coffee Creamers and Fat Powders. The factory maintains a social club, the facilities of which are available to the wider community for social events. The club's football pitch is home ground to the amateur Sunday football team Woodseaves FC, from the nearby village of Woodseaves, who play in the Stafford and District Sunday League.
The hamlet of Knighton has a royal decree attached to it, the effect of which is that all denizens shall be free of tax and tythe for ever more. Unfortunately over time this right has been slowly eroded to a point where now only denizens living within Knighton and engaged in agriculture can avail themselves of the rights bestowed by the decree. William Adams, who founded a grammar school at Newport, Shropshire in 1656, endowed this school with a large agricultural 900-acre (3.6 km$^2$) estate at Knighton, providing income for future generations; as a result of this Knighton was exempt from all land taxes until 1990. The Knighton estate was eventually sold off in several portions over the course of the twentieth century, and the proceeds of the final sale were used by the Haberdashers' Company to purchase Longford Hall as a boarding house for the school.
The immediate area has a wealth of fauna and flora, buzzards and ravens often to be seen in the skies, otters have been reported in the areas water courses, deer occasionally to be seen in the surrounding fields and at least one "big cat" has not only been spotted within the parish but has effected a "kill", the victim being a young lamb.
# José Luis Muñoz

José Luis Muñoz Muñoz (born 24 July 1987) is a Chilean former footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

In 2022, he joined Fernández Vial in the Primera B de Chile.
He scored an important goal against Lanús in the 2009 Copa Libertadores, to make the score 2–1 in a historic victory by which Everton became the first Chilean team to defeat an Argentine opponent.
He retired at the end of the 2022 season as a player of Fernández Vial in the Primera B de Chile.
At international level, he was part of a Chile under-25 squad in a training session led by Claudio Borghi in May 2011, alongside his teammates in Everton, Sebastián Pérez and Mirko Opazo.

## Post-retirement

Muñoz has served as coach for Club Deportivo Fénix from Rancagua.

## Personal life

Muñoz is well-known by his nickname Ribery due to his resemblance to the France international Franck Ribéry as well as to his style of play.

## Honours
### Universidad Católica

* Primera División de Chile (1): 2016 Apertura
* Supercopa de Chile (1): 2016

### Santiago Wanderers

* Copa Chile (1): 2017

### Palestino

* Copa Chile (1): 2018
# Piccadilly (supermarket chain)

Piccadilly (Пикадили) is a former Bulgarian supermarket chain operating in Varna and Sofia. Founded as a 51% foreign-owned company in 1995, it opened its first supermarket in Varna in 1994 and became 100% Bulgarian-owned in 2003. Piccadilly was known for its near-complete dominance of the market in Varna to the extent that it prevented large international chains such as Billa from opening new stores.
A loyalty program, Piccadilly Club, was started in 2003. On 12 September 2007 the Serbian firm "Delta Holding" bought 85% of the Piccadilly Chain Supermarket. Under the deal, Delta had to invest about €70m in Piccadilly and open 20 new stores which would hire about 1000 new employees. That was the first deal in which Serbian capital was invested in an EU member state. Through the acquisition of Delta Maxi Group in July 2011, Piccadilly became a member of the Belgian international food retailer Delhaize Group. The chain disposed of 26 Piccadilly supermarkets (eight of them on the territory of Varna, five in Sofia, three in Plovdiv, one in Burgas, one in Veliko Tarnovo, one in Lovech, one in Stara Zagora, one in Vidin, one in Samokov, one in Yambol, one in Gabrovo and one in Rousse) and 13 Piccadilly Express corner shops (ten in Sofia, two in Plovdiv and one in Varna). In 2014 the chain was once again sold by Delhaize to the Bulgarian company AP Mart and the company decided to merge the Piccadilly stores chain with the Carrefour Market operated by KMB Bulgaria franchiser. But the deal never happened. In 2015, Piccadilly took a €11.8m loan from Investbank to repay its suppliers and lenders.
As of 2017, the company operates six supermarkets in Varna and seven in Sofia.
Since 17 February 2017 Piccadilly is in administration due to €80m of indebtedness towards its lenders, suppliers, staff and the state.
# 1866 Kansas gubernatorial election

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Elections in Kansas :
Federal government
Presidential elections
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Democratic
2004
2008
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Republican
2008
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U.S. Senate elections
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1867 sp
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1st sp
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7th sp
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1998
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State government
State elections
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Gubernatorial elections
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Secretary of State elections
2014
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Attorney General elections
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Treasurer elections
2014
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Senate elections
2012
2016
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House of Representatives elections
2012
2014
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2018
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2024 :
Ballot measures
1867Suffrage referendum
2005Amendment 1
2022Abortion referendum :
Kansas City
Mayoral elections
2013
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Overland Park
Mayoral elections
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Wichita
Mayoral elections
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vte :
A gubernatorial election was held in Kansas on November 6, 1866. The Republican governor Samuel J. Crawford defeated the National Union former mayor of Leavenworth James L. McDowell.

## Results

Kansas gubernatorial election, 1866 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Samuel J. Crawford (incumbent) | 19,370 | 70.38 |
| | National Union | James L. McDowell | 8,152 | 29.62 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 27,522 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
# King Henry's Drive tram stop

51°20′44″N 0°01′13″W﻿ / ﻿51.345453°N 0.020352°W﻿ / 51.345453; -0.020352 King Henry's Drive tram stop is a tram stop serving the Betchworth Way residential area of New Addington, located in the London Borough of Croydon. It is located in the wide central reservation of a dual carriageway.

## Services

King Henry's Drive is served by tram services operated by Tramlink. The tram stop is served by trams every 7-8 minutes between New Addington and West Croydon via East Croydon and Centrale.
A very small number of early morning and late evening services continue beyond Croydon to and from Therapia Lane and Wimbledon. During the evenings on weekends, the service is reduced to a tram every 15 minutes.
Services are operated using Bombardier CR4000 and Stadler Variobahn Trams.
| Preceding station | Tramlink | Tramlink | Tramlink | Following station |
| Fieldwaytowards West Croydon | | Tramlink New Addington to Croydon town centre | | New AddingtonTerminus |

## Connections

The stop is served by London Buses routes 64 and 130 which provide connections to New Addington, Addington Village, Croydon town centre and Thornton Heath.
Free interchange for journeys made within an hour between bus services, and between buses and trams, is available at King Henry's Drive as part of Transport for London's Hopper Fare.
# Sancaktepe Stadium

Sancaktepe Stadium (Turkish: Sancaktepe Belediyesi 15 Temmuz Stadyumu) is a football stadium in Sancaktepe, a district in Istanbul, Turkey.

## Overview

The stadium is situated at Stad Street of Abdurrahmangazi neighborhood in the Sancaktepe district on the Asian side of Istanbul. Built in 2009 and opened in 2010, it is owned by the Sancaktepe municipality, and operated by the Sancaktepe Beledye Sports Club. The stadium has a seating capacity for 1,920 spectators in two grandstands on both sides of the stadium. It is equipped with floodlights for illumination, and its ground is covered by artificial turf. A parking lot for 100 cars is available.
The stadium is home to football club Sancaktepe FK, who currently play in the TFF Second League.

## Name changes

The stadium was initially named after the successful football striker Hakan Şükür (born 1971), who entered the parliament in 2011 after his retirement from sport. Known for his links to the Islamic Gülen movement, he resigned from politics after a controversy with the party leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. His name was then removed from the stadium. In 2014, it was renamed to "Sancaktepe City Stadium" (Turkish: Sancaktepe Şehir Stadı).
In later time, it was renamed to "Sancaktepe 15 Temmuz Şehitler Stadı" (literally: Sancaktepe 15 July Martyrs Stadium) in honor of the fallen people during the 2016 coup attempt on 15 July.

## International events hosted

On 4 October 2019, the stadium hosted the UEFA Women's Euro 2021 qualifying Group A match of Turkey against Estonia.
# Baiyin Nonferrous

Baiyin Nonferrous Group Co., Ltd. known also as BNMC is a Chinese company based in Baiyin, Gansu Province, China. The company was the main copper supplier in China.
Since 15 February 2017, Baiyin Nonferrous is a listed company in the Shanghai Stock Exchange. In 2017, the localized version of Fortune ranked Baiyin Nonferrous as the 116th of top 500 Chinese enterprises.

## History

The predecessor of the company was established in 1954, as one of the industrial project of the First Five Year Plan. It was the main copper supplier in China, however, the mining pit opened in 1956 was shut down in 1988. The city of Baiyin was declared by the government as “resource exhaustion”. As of 2016, the company rely on investment in China, South Africa, Peru, DR Congo and the Philippines.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Acronym of Baiyin Nonferrous Metal Corporation
* ↑ CITIC Guoan Group was one of the limited partner of the fund for CN¥200 million investment; the manager and general partner of the fund was China-Africa Xinyin Investment, which CITIC Guoan Group also owned 30% share capital directly, plus an additional 30% stake via a non wholly owned (41.10%) subsidiary (Chinese: 白银有色产业集团) of CITIC Guoan Group; China-Africa Development Fund owned 35% share capital in China-Africa Xinyin Investment
# Reuverian

The Reuverian is a geological stage recognised in the Netherlands and northwestern Europe. It is dated approximately 2.6 million years ago, and is part of the late Pliocene.
Clay deposits from the Reuverian stage can be found in the Netherlands and neighbouring parts of Germany. The stage is named after the town of Reuver, in the Meuse valley.
# Unity Croshaw

Unity Croshaw was a colonist of British Colonial Virginia, the first surviving European colony in North America. Born in the colony, she was one of five daughters of Major Joseph Croshaw, and a granddaughter of Raleigh Croshaw, who came to the Colony of Virginia in 1608 with the Second Supply to Jamestown.

## Biography

Unity Croshaw is believed to have been born about 1636 to Joseph Croshaw and his 1st wife, whose name is unknown. Unity was a middle child and had as many as six sisters and brothers. She married Colonel John West, son of Captain and Governor John West, sometime before 4 November 1664, at the age of about 28. As a result of the marriage, and the early death of Unity's half-brother Joseph (1667-1682), the intended heir per Joseph Croshaw's 1667 will, Croshaw's 600 acre plantation at "Poplar Neck" passed to John West. Between 1682 and 1687, a legal dispute regarding the terms of Joseph Croshaw's will between West and the widowed 2nd husband of Croshaw's 5th wife, mother of his son Joseph, Jr., delayed the final sale of "Poplar Neck". On 24 April 1687, after the York County Court confirmed all right to it to West and his wife Unity, and approved its sale, "Poplar Neck" was sold by West "and Unity his wife" to Edmund Jenings, who then renamed it "Ripon Hall".
Unity Croshaw and John West had the following children:
* John West III, married Judith Armistead, daughter of Anthony Armistead.
* Thomas West 1669–1714, married Agnes 1670-1720
* Nathaniel West, married Martha Woodward, widow of Gideon Macon.
* Anne West, married Henry Fox.
One source says Unity died after 30 October 1693, when she relinquished dower in "Poplar Neck." However, she was still living on June 20, 1707, "for on that date the Feofees of Delaware Town, King William County, conveyed to Madam Unity West, of King William County, Lot 46 in the said town."
Having married at age about 28 to John West, and her sister Rachel marrying to Ralph Graves by December of 1654, and sister Mary to Henry White by March 1660/61, there has been some debate about a possible earlier marriage of Unity. But that theory is based on circumstantial evidence, and has not yet been substantiated.
# Edward Pugh (bishop)

William Edward Augustus Pugh (known as Edward; 22 July 1909 – 4 January 1986) was the fifth Bishop of Penrith in the modern era.
He was educated at Leeds University and the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield. Ordained in 1934 he began his career with a curacy at Staveley, Derbyshire. From here he became Vicar of Norwell, Nottinghamshire and then Harrington, Cumbria along with his appointment as the first Archdeacon of West Cumberland. Appointment to the episcopate followed in 1970 – he was consecrated at York Minster on Michaelmas day (29 September) 1970 – and he retired nine years later.
# Popowia fusca

Popowia fusca is a species of flowering plant in the family Annonaceae. It is a tree found in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.