OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Taiwanese beef noodle soup

Taiwanese beef noodle soup (Chinese: 臺灣牛肉麵) is a beef noodle soup dish that originated in Taiwan. It is sometimes referred to as "Sichuanese beef noodle soup" (Chinese: 四川牛肉麵) in Taiwan, although this usage can create confusion as Sichuan has its own versions of beef noodle soups, which may be sold at Sichuanese restaurants under the same name. The beef is often stewed with the broth and simmered, sometimes for hours. Chefs also let the stock simmer for long periods with bone marrow; some vendors can cook the beef stock for over 24 hours. In Taiwan, beef noodle vendors may also have optional, often cold side dishes, such as braised dried tofu, seaweed or pork intestine. Beef noodles are often served with suan cai (Chinese pickled cabbage or mustard) on top, green onion and sometimes other vegetables in the soup as well.
The dish was created in Taiwan by Kuomintang veterans from Sichuan province who fled from mainland China to Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and served the dish in military dependents' villages. The Taiwanese traditionally had an aversion to the consumption of beef even into the mid-1970s because cattle were valuable beasts of burden, so originally the dish was only eaten by waishengren. However, the dish became more accepted over time and is now one of the most famous dishes in Taiwanese cuisine. It is believed that the popularity of this noodle soup broke the beef-eating taboo and also paved the way to Taiwan's acceptance of American foods that utilized beef (such as hamburgers). The Taiwanese Beef Noodle Soup is significantly less spicy than Sichuan flavors, and there are several variations with the soy-based broth, such as tomato, garlic and herbal medicine. The tomato variation (番茄牛肉麵) is popular in Taiwan and features chunks of tomatoes in a rich red-coloured tomato broth with or without soy sauce. The herbal medicine variation is usually served without suan cai as a topping (as its acidic properties are believed to exhibit medicinal properties) and may be accompanied by a chili paste made from beef lard.
Taiwanese beef noodle soups are sometimes served as fast food in both Taiwan and mainland China. In China, Mr. Lee is the largest chain, featuring the dish "California Beef Noodle Soup". In Taiwan, Mercuries Beef Noodle (sān shāng qiǎo fú, see zh:三商巧福) is the largest beef noodle fast food franchise, owned by a subsidiary of Mercuries & Associates Holdings (zh:三商企業). It is sometimes considered a national dish in Taiwan, and every year Taipei holds an annual Beef Noodle Festival, where various chefs and restaurants compete for the title of the "best beef noodles in Taiwan". Due to influences from the influx of immigrants from mainland China in the early 1900s, the Taiwanese version of beef noodle soup is now one of the most popular dishes in Taiwan.
# Dwayne Fields

Dwayne Fields FRGS (born October 1982) is a Jamaican-born British television entertainer, presenter and speaker. He travelled to the Magnetic North Pole. The Scout Association appointed Fields to be its Chief Scout in 2024.

## Early life

Fields was born in Jamaica in 1982 and, from the age of six, grew up in Stoke Newington, north London. He says that in his early life, he witnessed violent crime. He holds a degree in Psychology and Business Management from University of East London.

## Career

Fields says that he was inspired to visit the North Pole after watching a breakfast television article about Ben Fogle and James Cracknell looking for a third member to assist in their expedition of Antarctica. Though he was too late to apply, his enthusiasm for the project was noted and he was asked to recreate the 1908–1909 expedition by Robert Peary and Matthew Henson, which reached what was believed at the time to be the Geographic North Pole.
Fields has appeared as a guest on BBC's Countryfile and Springwatch with Chris Packham. On his Countryfile appearance, he said that he believed that some Black British people do not regard the countryside as "somewhere that's for them" and undertook his North Pole expedition to show that things are not necessarily impossible to achieve. He was one of the participant presenters on the series Welcome to Earth, and is currently presenting his own series, 7 Toughest Days, with National Geographic and Disney+.
He co-founded the WeTwo Foundation, which provides adventure opportunities for underprivileged young people; their inaugural trip to Antarctica was in November 2022. Fields was named an ambassador for The Scout Association in Stratford-upon-Avon, and on 5 September 2024, The Scout Association appointed him to be its Chief Scout.
On Tuesday the 23rd July 2024, Fields was made Honorary Colonel and corps ambassador to HM Royal Marines alongside Olympian Victoria Pendleton.

## Awards

Fields was awarded the Freedom of the City of London in 2013.
# Owl Rock

Owl Rock is a 6,547-foot (1,996 m) elevation sandstone summit located south of Monument Valley, in northeast Arizona. It is situated 7 miles (11 km) north of Kayenta on Navajo Nation land, and can be seen from Highway 163 perched on the east edge of Tyende Mesa, where it towers 1,000 feet (300 meters) above the surrounding terrain. Its nearest higher neighbor is Agathla Peak, 1.4 miles (2.3 km) to the east-northeast, on the opposite side of this highway. Precipitation runoff from this feature drains into El Capitan Wash, which is part of the San Juan River drainage basin. The first ascent of Owl Rock was made in April 1966 by Fred Beckey and Harvey Carter by climbing cracks on the west face, and then bolting up a smooth south nose to the summit. They employed 20 pitons and 14 bolts on this route called Warpath. The descriptive name stems from its uncanny resemblance to an owl when viewed from the east. This feature is known as Bee 'Adizí in Navajo language meaning "spindle", and this sacred place is considered to be a spindle left behind by the Holy People. A newer name for it is Tsé Ts'óózí, meaning "Slim Rock".
This Owl Rock is not to be confused with another located in Arches National Park in Utah.

## Geology

Owl Rock is a red spire composed of Jurassic Wingate Sandstone which is a hard, fine-grained rock which is great for rock climbing, in contrast to the towers and buttes in nearby Monument Valley which have a different composition, de Chelly sandstone. Owl Rock stands atop Tyende Mesa which is formed of the Triassic Chinle Formation. The Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation, composed of cherty limestone and limestone conglomerate beds alternating with claystone, mudstone, and siltstone beds, forms the upper half of the mesa, and it overlays the Petrified Forest Member of the lower half. The Owl Rock Member is best exposed at its type locality near the base of Owl Rock. Here the member crops out and the resistant limestone beds form a series of jutting ledges that serve partly in protecting the underlying strata. The limestone beds are very resistant to erosion, forming thin ledges interrupting the slopes weathered from the dominant siltstone interbeds. The Owl Rock Member ranges in thickness from approximately 120 to 166 feet, and at Owl Rock the member is 166 feet thick.

## Climate

Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Owl Rock. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a semi-arid climate zone with cold winters and hot summers. Summers average 54 days above 90 °F (32 °C) annually, and highs rarely exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Summer nights are comfortably cool, and temperatures drop quickly after sunset. Winters are cold, but daytime highs are usually above freezing. Winter temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) are uncommon, though possible. This desert climate receives less than 10 inches (250 millimeters) of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.

## Gallery

* Profile view, from southeast
* Owl Rock (left), Highway 163, Agathla Peak from the south
* Northeast aspect
* Looking north with Owl Rock on left
* Looking south with Owl Rock on right
# Perrot State Park

Perrot State Park is a state park in Wisconsin's Driftless Area at the confluence of the Trempealeau and Mississippi rivers. The 1,270-acre (514 ha) park features views of steep limestone bluffs and the river valleys. It has observation platforms for watching wildlife, including the variety of birds which inhabit or migrate through the park. Hiking trails and camping are available. Mountain bike trails penetrate deep inside the park.
The park protects two State Natural Areas including Brady's Bluff Prairie and Trempealeau Mountain, a cone-shaped mountain surrounded by water. The Native Americans of the area traditionally considered the mountain sacred and used it as a landmark for meetings. Some earthwork mounds made by ancient Native American cultures are located in the park.
This facility protects the site of one of the earliest encampments by European explorers in the upper Mississippi. The park is named for Nicolas Perrot, a French explorer who was the first to write about the area.
The Trempealeau National Wildlife Refuge borders on the north.
* Nature Center
* North entrance sign
* Ranger station
* South entrance sign
* Trempealeau Mountain in the Mississippi River seen from park
* Trempealeau Mountain seen from lookout in park
* Conical mound
# Connecticut's 117th House of Representatives district

Connecticut's 117th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of Milford, Orange, and West Haven. It has been represented by Democrat MJ Shannon since 2025.

## List of representatives

| Representative | Party | Years | District home | Note |
| Ina Vestal | Republican | 1967 – 1969 | Woodbridge | |
| John D. McHugh | Republican | 1969 – 1973 | Orange | Redistricted to the 114th District |
| William H. Hofmeister | Republican | 1973 – 1975 | Milford | |
| Joseph Bogdan | Democratic | 1975 – 1977 | Milford | |
| William H. Hofmeister | Republican | 1977 – 1985 | Milford | |
| Raymond V. "Ray" Collins | Republican | 1985 – 1987 | West Haven | |
| Arthur C. Gilbert | Democratic | 1987 – 1989 | West Haven | |
| Raymond V. "Ray" Collins | Republican | 1989 – 2005 | West Haven | |
| Paul Davis | Democratic | 2005 – 2015 | Orange | |
| Charles Ferraro | Republican | 2015 – 2025 | West Haven | |
| MJ Shannon | Democratic | 2025 – present | Milford | |

## Recent elections
### 2020

2020 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, District 117 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Ferraro (incumbent) | 7,353 | 53.91 |
| | Democratic | Tony Sutton | 5,884 | 43.14 |
| | Independent Party | Tony Sutton | 216 | 1.58 |
| | Working Families | Tony Sutton | 187 | 1.37 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 13,640 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2018

2018 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 117 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Ferraro (Incumbent) | 6,027 | 55.3 |
| | Democratic | Cindy Wolfe Boynton | 4,867 | 44.7 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 10,894 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2016

2016 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 117 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Ferraro (Incumbent) | 6,746 | 56.58 |
| | Democratic | Sean Ronan | 5,177 | 43.42 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 11,923 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2014

2014 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 117 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Charles Ferraro | 3,946 | 46.9 |
| | Democratic | Paul Davis (Incumbent) | 4,138 | 49.2 |
| | Independent Party | Charles Ferraro | 335 | 4.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 8,419 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |

### 2012

2012 Connecticut House of Representatives election, District 117 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Paul Davis | 7,850 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 7,850 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
# Chadraabalyn Lodoidamba

Chadraabalyn Lodoidamba (Mongolian: Чадраабалын Лодойдамба; 1917–1970) was a Mongolian writer.
He was born in Govi-Altai Province in 1917. In 1954 he graduated from National University of Mongolia, the same year that his first story "Malgaitai Chono" (The Wolf in the Cap) was published.
His novel The Crystal Clear Tamir River, set during Mongolia's 1921 revolution, was made into a movie trilogy (1970–1973) by Ravjagiin Dorjpalam. The book has also been translated into Russian and (from Russian) into German.

## Works

* Tungalag Tamir (Тунгалаг Тамир, The Crystal Clear Tamir River) (1962)
* Manai surguuliinkhan (Манай сургуулийнхан, My School friends) (1952)
* Altaid (Алтайд, In the Altai)
# Ktunaxa Nation v British Columbia (Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations)

Ktunaxa Nation v. British Columbia (Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations) is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada which concerns whether or not a First Nation can block real estate development on sacred sites by virtue of the concepts of freedom of religion and the duty to consult and accommodate (the honour of the Crown).
The majority held that the Ktunaxa Nation's rights were not violated by the decision of the province of British Columbia to allow the Jumbo Glacier ski resort to expand into area within Ktunaxa territory known as Qat’muk where Grizzly Bear Spirit is believed to live. This is because the belief in Grizzly Bear Spirit and the ability to act upon it were not impinged, only the location, and so is not within the scope of s.2 of the Charter. The majority held that the Ktunaxa still do have a S.35 right to be consulted and accommodated regarding lands where there has been no proven Aboriginal title, but that a religious connection could not be invoked to establish title in the context of overturning an administrative decision. Ktunaxa title to the area would have to be tried separately.
The minority held that the duty to consult and accommodated was met, but that freedom of religion was impinged. However the provincial minister's infringement on freedom of religion was reasonable under s.1, and so the application for an injunction could be denied by the lower courts.
# Minister of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Barbuda Affairs

This is a list of foreign ministers of Antigua and Barbuda.
* 1981–1991: Lester Bird
* 1991: Vere Bird
* 1991–2004: Lester Bird
* 2004–2005: Harold Lovell
* 2005–2014: Baldwin Spencer
* 2014–2018: Charles Fernandez
* 2018–present: Paul Chet Greene

## Sources

* Rulers.org – Foreign ministers A–D
# Uptown Mall

Uptown Mall is a lifestyle mall at the Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Philippines.

## Features
### Main mall

The Uptown Mall has five levels, including a lower ground level and six basement parking levels, starting from the Lower Ground Level (or Basement 1) to Basement 6.
The shopping mall also has a cinema with five theater auditoriums, including the VIP Cinema (Cinema 5) with fully reclining La-Z-Boy seats and the Uptown Tempur Cinema (Cinema 3) with adjustable Tempur beds). Uptown Cinemas has the Boozy Bar, the country's first cinema cocktail bar.
The mall has an open-air area at the fourth level called The Deck, which hosts the St. Gabriel the Archangel Chapel, a Roman Catholic chapel, and restaurants offering al fresco dining. Uptown Mall also has its own VIP Lounge.
Outside the mall is a Las Vegas-inspired dancing fountain which also features pyrotechnics.

#### Links

Uptown Mall's second level is connected to Uptown Parade through the Uptown Parade Bridge. The mall is interconnected with One Uptown Residences through the underground Uptown Mall Link.

### Uptown Parade

Uptown Parade is a two-level commercial strip across Uptown Mall. This 12,375-square-meter (133,200 sq ft) mall is primarily has restaurants and other food outlets as its tenants. The Palace Manila meanwhile hosts various bars and nightclubs.

### Residences and office

The Uptown Mall serves as the podium of the Uptown Place Towers (formerly Uptown Corporate Center), a complex comprising four office buildings. The mall is also adjacent to residential condominiums such as One Uptown Residence, Uptown Ritz, Uptown Parksuites, and Uptown Arts Residence.

## Incidents

* March 29, 2022: A fire broke out at the non-operational Cinema 3 at 11:59 a.m. PHT, destroying the cinema chairs and projection room. It was declared under control at 1:37 p.m. and extinguished at 2 p.m.
* May 24, 2023: A ceiling collapse at the mall led to flooding, with water cascading from the second level, leaving the mall partially submerged.
# Schaudinnellidae

The Schaudinnellidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.

## Taxonomy

There is one genus in this family - Schaudinnella.
The type species in this genus is Schaudinnella henleae.

## History

This family was created by Poche in 1913.
# Gili

Gili may refer to:

## People

* Gili Cohen, Israeli Olympic judoka
* Gili Haimovitz (born 1993), Israeli taekwando fighter
* Gili Landau (born 1958), Israeli footballer and manager
* Gili Sharir (born 1999), Israeli Olympic bronze medalist judoka

## Other

* Gili, Iran
* Gili Islands, an archipelago of three small islands off the northwest coast of Lombok, Indonesia.
# Stylocephalidae

Stylocephalidae is a family of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia

## Taxonomy

Fifteen genera are recognised in this family.

## History

This taxon was created by Ellis in 1912.

## Description

Species in this taxon infect insects.
# Thiriotiidae

The Thiriotiidae are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.

## Taxonomy

There is one genus in this family - Thiriotia.
The type species is Thiriotia pisae.
Other species in this genus include Thiriotia pugettiae.

## History

This genus was created by Desportes, Vivarès and Théodoridès in 1977.
# Janneke Schopman

Johanna "Janneke" Dorotheo Maria Schopman (born 26 April 1977) is a former Dutch field hockey player who played as a defender for Dutch club HC Den Bosch and the Netherlands national team. She last served as the head coach of the Indian women's national field hockey team.

## Playing career

Schopman started playing hockey at Dutch club Tempo '34 in Rotterdam. She also played for HC Rotterdam, before transferring to HC Den Bosch, where she played until 2010. While part of the Den Bosch squad, she won 6 national titles.
Schopman was first selected for the Dutch national squad in 2001. Schopman was a member of the Dutch squad that won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, after losing to Germany in the final. She scored one of the penalties in the semi-finals against Argentina. She was also part of the Dutch squad that became World Champion at the 2006 Women's Hockey World Cup in Madrid and which won the 2007 Champions Trophy. She was part of the 2007 squad that was featured in the documentary 'Goud' by Niek Koppen, about their preparation for the 2007 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing she won an Olympic gold medal with the Dutch national team beating China in the final 2–0. She was the captain of the Dutch national squad during the 2010 World Cup in Rosario, where they won the silver medal after losing to Argentina 1–3 in the final.

## Coaching career

After ending her career as a professional hockey player in 2010, Schopman became the head coach for the women's squad of the Dutch club SCHC. In 2014, she led the team to their first appearance in the final of the Hoofdklasse, the top league in the Netherlands. In 2014, Schopman was assigned to be the head coach for the U21 US Women's National Team and assistant coach for the United States women's national team under Craig Parnham. In January 2017 she became the US Women's National Team head coach. With Schopman as head coach, the team came 3rd in the 2017 Pan American Cup in Lancaster, United States, and 14th in the 2018 World Cup in London, United Kingdom.
Indian hockey women’s team made her their analytical coach in January 2020. After the Tokyo Olympics, Sjoerd Marijne, the previous head coach of the team, declined a contract extension, and Schopman became the head coach. She resigned from her position in February 2024.
# Petroleum trap

In petroleum geology, a trap is a geological structure affecting the reservoir rock and caprock of a petroleum system allowing the accumulation of hydrocarbons in a reservoir. Traps can be of two types: stratigraphic or structural. Structural traps are the most important type of trap as they represent the majority of the world's discovered petroleum resources.

## Structural traps

A structural trap is a type of geological trap that forms as a result of changes in the structure of the subsurface, due to tectonic, diapiric, gravitational, and compactional processes.

### Anticlinal trap

An anticline is an area of the subsurface where the strata have been pushed into forming a domed shape. If there is a layer of impermeable rock present in this dome shape, then water-insoluble hydrocarbons can accumulate at the crest until the anticline is filled to the spill point (the highest point where hydrocarbons can escape the anticline). This type of trap is by far the most significant to the hydrocarbon industry. Anticline traps are usually long oval domes of land that can often be seen by looking at a geological map or by flying over the land.

### Fault trap

A fault trap is formed by the movement of permeable and impermeable layers of rock along a fault plane. The permeable reservoir rock faults such that it is adjacent to an impermeable rock, preventing hydrocarbons from further migration. In some cases, there can be an impermeable substance along the fault surface (such as clay) that also acts to prevent migration. This is known as clay smear.

## Stratigraphic trap

In a stratigraphic trap, the geometry allowing the accumulation of hydrocarbons is of sedimentary origin and has not undergone any tectonic deformation. Such traps can be found in clinoforms, in a pinching-out sedimentary structure, under an unconformity or in a structure created by the creep of an evaporite.

### Salt dome trap

In a salt dome trap, masses of salt are pushed up through clastic rocks due to their greater buoyancy, eventually breaking through and rising towards the surface. This salt mass resembles an impermeable dome, and when it crosses a layer of permeable rock, in which hydrocarbons are migrating, it blocks the pathway in much the same manner as a fault trap. This is one of the reasons why there is significant focus on subsurface salt imaging, despite the many technical challenges that accompany it.

### Pinch-out trap

Pinch-out traps are stratigraphic traps in which the petroleum reservoir thins around impermeable rock strata and eventually 'pinches out' with impermeable rock strata on either side, creating a trap.

## Hybrid trap

Hybrid traps are the combination of two types of traps. In the case of tilted blocks, the initial reservoir geometry is the one of a fault-controlled structural trap, but the caprock is generally made by the draping sedimentation of mudstones during the oceanisation process.
# Stary Bógpomóż

Stary Bógpomóż is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobrowniki, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.