# Peedee Formation

The Peedee Formation is a geologic formation in North and South Carolina. A marine deposit representing an inner neritic environment, named for exposures along the Great Peedee River, it preserves invertebrate (primarily belemnites, echinoderms and foraminifera) and vertebrate (primarily shark teeth, with some marine reptile remains) fossils dating to the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian).
The formation is notable for its occurrence of Belemnitella americana, known as the Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB), a long-standing standard in stable carbon isotope research. A single pterosaur femur, possibly an Azhdarchid, from the Peedee formation is one of the few pterosaur body fossils found in Eastern North America.
The stratigraphy of the formation spans from the early Maastrichtian (in South Carolina) to the late Maastrichtian shortly before the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. The formation is divided into several members, including the early-mid Maastrichtian Rocky Point Member and the late Maastrichtian Island Creek Member. Based on its fauna, it appears to be roughly concurrent with the Navesink Formation from New Jersey.

## Vertebrate paleobiota
### Cartilaginous fish

Based on Case et al. (2017):

#### Sharks

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes |
| Anomotodon | A. cf. toddi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A goblin shark. |
| Archaeolamna | A. kopingensis | Duplin County, North Carolina | | An archaeolamnid mackerel shark. |
| Cantioscyllium | C. cf. meyeri | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A nurse shark. |
| Carcharias | C. cf. samhammeri | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A sand shark, related to the modern sand tiger shark. |
| Cretalamna | C. maroccana | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A megatooth shark. |
| Heterodontus | H. granti | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A bullhead shark. |
| "Hybodus" | "H." sp. | Duplin County, North Carolina | | A hybodont shark. |
| Notidanodon | N. sp. | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A cow shark. Teeth damaged but resemble those of the widespread species N. dentatus. |
| Odontaspis | O. aculeatus | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A sand shark. |
| Palaeogaleus | P. sp. | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A houndshark. |
| Plicatoscyllium | P. antiquum | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | | A nurse shark. |
| Plicatoscyllium | P. derameei | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | | A nurse shark. |
| Pseudocorax | P. cf. affinis | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A pseudocoracid mackerel shark. |
| Scapanorhynchus | S. texanus | Duplin County, North Carolina | | A goblin shark. |
| Serratolamna | S. serrata | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A serratolamnid mackerel shark. |
| Squalicorax | S. kaupi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A crow shark. |
| Squalicorax | S. pristodontus | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A crow shark. |
| Squalus | S. huntensis | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A spurdog. |

#### Rays

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes |
| Dasyatis | D. commercensis | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A whiptail stingray. |
| Ischyrhiza | I. avonicola | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A sawskate. |
| Ischyrhiza | I. mira | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A sawskate. |
| Ptychotrygon | P. clementsi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A ptychotrygonid sawskate. |
| Raja | R. farishi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A skate. |
| Rhinobatos | R. sp. | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A guitarfish, tentatively placed in Rhinobatos. |
| Rhombodus | R. binkhorsti | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A rhombodontid stingray. |
| Sclerorhynchus | S. cf. pettersi | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Island Creek | A ganopristid sawskate. |

### Bony fish

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
| Enchodus | E. sp. | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | An enchodontid aulopiform. | |

### Reptiles
#### Pterosaurs

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
| cf. Azhdarchidae indet. | | East Coast Limestone Quarry | Rocky Point | A potential azhdarchid, known from a femur closely resembling that of Azhdarcho. | |

#### Crocodilians

| Genus | Species | Location | Notes | Images |
| Borealosuchus | B. sp. | Diamondhead Loop Road, South Carolina | A eusuchian. | |

#### Turtles

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
| Peritresius | P. ornatus | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Allison Ferry, South Carolina | Rocky Point | A pancheloniid sea turtle. | |
| "Trionyx" | "T." halophilus | Lynchburg, South Carolina | | A stem-trionychian. | |

#### Plesiosaurs

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
| Cimoliasaurus | C. magnus | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | An elasmosaurid. | |

#### Mosasaurs

| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| Halisaurus | H. sp. | Holden Beach, North Carolina | A halisaurine. |
| Mosasaurus | M. cf. beaugei | Holden Beach, North Carolina | A mosasaurine. |
| Mosasaurus | M. cf. hoffmannii | Holden Beach, North Carolina | A mosasaurine. |
| Prognathodon | P. cf. solvayi | Holden Beach, North Carolina ?Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | A mosasaurine. |
| Prognathodontini indet. | | Holden Beach, North Carolina | An indeterminate mosasaurine with large teeth, reminiscent of Thalassotitan. |
| Tylosaurus | T. sp. | Diamondhead Loop Road, South Carolina | A tylosaurine. |

## Invertebrate paleobiota
### Echinoderms
#### Echinoids

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes |
| Cardiaster | C. leonensis | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A holasterid. |
| Catopygus | C. mississippiensis | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A cassidulid. |
| Hardouinia | H. aequoria | Wadsworth Marl Pit, North Carolina Niels Eddy Landing, North Carolina East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | Rocky Point | A cassiduloid. |
| Hardouinia | H. kellumi | Wadsworth Marl Pit, North Carolina Niels Eddy Landing, North Carolina East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | Rocky Point | A cassiduloid. |
| Hardouinia | H. mortonia | Wadsworth Marl Pit, North Carolina Niels Eddy Landing, North Carolina East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | Rocky Point | A cassiduloid. |
| Faujasia | F. chelonium | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A sand dollar. |
| Lefortia | L. trojana | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A sand dollar. |
| Linthia | L. variabilis | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A schizasterid heart urchin. |
| Porosoma | P. sp. | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A phymosomatid. |

#### Sea stars

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
| Aldebarania | A. arenitea | Martin-Marietta Castle Hayne Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | An astropectinid. | |

#### Crinoids

The Peedee Formation preserves some of the latest-occurring remains of the Roveacrinida, an extinct order of minute, pelagic crinoids.
| Genus | Species | Location | Notes |
| Applinocrinus | A. texanus | Wilmington, North Carolina | An applinocrinine saccocomid. |
| Birgelocrinus | B. degraafi | Wilmington, North Carolina | An hessicrinine saccocomid. |
| Lucernacrinus | B. degraafi | Wilmington, North Carolina | An hessicrinine saccocomid. |
| Lucernacrinus | B. jagti | Wilmington, North Carolina | An hessicrinine saccocomid. |
| Peedeecrinus | P. sadorfi | Wilmington, North Carolina | An applinocrinine saccocomid. |

### Molluscs
#### Cephalopods

| Genus | Species | Location | Member | Notes | Images |
| Belemnitella | B. americana | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina Black Rock Landing, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A belemnite, source of the famous "Pee Dee Belemnite". | |
| Sphenodiscus | S. lobatus | East Coast Limestone Quarry, North Carolina | Rocky Point | A sphenodiscid ammonite. | |