# Democratic Socialist Party (Japan)

The Democratic Socialist Party (民主社会党, Minshu Shakai-tō, abbreviated 民社党, Minsha-tō) was a political party in Japan from 1960 to 1994.

## History

The party was established in January 1960 by a breakaway faction of the Japanese Socialist Party. Led by Suehiro Nishio, it was made up of members of the most moderate wing of the former Rightist Socialist Party of Japan, a moderate faction that had existed as an independent party between 1948 and 1955 before reluctantly merging back together with the Leftist Socialist Party of Japan. Although long-standing ideological differences and factional rivalries played a key role, the proximate cause of the split was internal disagreements over how to conduct the ongoing Anpo protests against revision of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan, known as Anpo in Japanese, and whether or not to cooperate with the Communist Party of Japan in doing so.
Declassified United States government documents later revealed that covert CIA funding had also helped encourage the founding of this breakaway party. CIA support was aimed at moderating and subverting the political opposition to the ruling conservative Liberal Democratic Party, which was the main CIA funded party.
The DSP was dissolved in 1994 to join the New Frontier Party. In 1996, the Japan Socialist Party was transformed into the Social Democratic Party. Two years later, in 1998, the New Frontier Party dissolved and most former DSP members eventually joined the Democratic Party of Japan. Despite the dissolution of the DSP in 1994, its youth organisation (Minsha Youth) survived until 2003 and was a member of the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY). After Minsha Youth was dissolved, some of its former members and independent social democrats formed Young Socialists, a new youth organisation which retained full membership in IUSY; however, it was finally dissolved on 8 March 2008 without any successor organisation and abandoned its IUSY membership.
The tradition of the DSP is carried on by the Minsha kyōkai (民社協会, Democratic Socialist Group) as a faction within the liberal Democratic Party of Japan, Democratic Party and now centre-right Democratic Party for the People.

## Political position and foreign policy

The DSP was rated "moderate", "moderate social-democratic", "centrist" and "centre-left" by Japanese political standards at the time, but at the same time it was also regarded as a "conservative" political party. It derived much of its financial and organisational support from the Domei private-sector labour confederation, but unlike other social-democratic political parties in Japan, the party was not hostile to accepting neoliberal policies Due to the DSP's syncretic political position, the party's ideology is often referred to as right-wing social democracy (右派社会民主主義).
The DSP strongly backed the Japan–United States alliance. For this reason, the DSP was often called the "right-wing party" in Japan, but because the DSP had a belief in socialist ideals, it was classified as a political "centrist" along with the old Komeito at the time. In addition, the DSP was a member of left-wing Socialist International.

## Leaders

| No. | Photo | Name (Birth–death) | Constituency/title | Term of office | Term of office |
| No. | Photo | Name (Birth–death) | Constituency/title | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | | Suehiro Nishio (1891–1981) | Rep for Osaka 4th district (1947–93) Osaka 1st district (1947–93) Osaka 2nd district (1947–93) | 24 January 1960 | June 1967 |
| 2 | | Eiichi Nishimura (1904–1971) | Rep for Osaka 2nd district (1947–93) Osaka 5th district (1947–93) | June 1967 | 27 April 1971 |
| 3 | | Ikkō Kasuga (1910–1989) | Rep for Aichi 1st district (1947–93) | 27 April 1971 | 28 November 1977 |
| 4 | | Ryōsaku Sasaki (1915–2000) | Cou for National district Rep for Hyogo 5th district (1947–93) | 28 November 1977 | 23 April 1985 |
| 5 | | Saburo Tsukamoto (1927–2020) | Rep for Aichi 2nd district (1947–93) Aichi 6th district (1947–93) | 23 April 1985 | 25 February 1989 |
| 6 | | Eiichi Nagasue (1918–1994) | Cou for Kyoto Prefecture Rep for Kyoto 1st district (1947–93) | 25 February 1989 | April 1990 |
| 7 | | Keigo Ōuchi (1930–2016) | Rep for Tokyo 2nd district (1947–93) | April 1990 | 8 June 1994 |
| 8 | | Takashi Yonezawa (1940–2016) | Rep for Miyazaki 1st district (1947–93) Kyushu PR block (from Miyazaki) | 8 June 1994 | 9 December 1994 |

## Election results
### House of Representatives

| Election year | Candidates | No. of seats won | Change | Status |
| 1960 | 105 | 17 / 467 | | Opposition |
| 1963 | 59 | 23 / 467 | 6 | Opposition |
| 1967 | 60 | 30 / 486 | 7 | Opposition |
| 1969 | 68 | 31 / 486 | 1 | Opposition |
| 1972 | 65 | 19 / 491 | 12 | Opposition |
| 1976 | 51 | 29 / 511 | 10 | Opposition |
| 1979 | 53 | 35 / 511 | 6 | Opposition |
| 1980 | 50 | 32 / 511 | 3 | Opposition |
| 1983 | 54 | 38 / 511 | 6 | Opposition |
| 1986 | 56 | 26 / 512 | 12 | Opposition |
| 1990 | 44 | 14 / 512 | 12 | Opposition |
| 1993 | 28 | 15 / 511 | 1 | Government |

### House of Councillors

| Election year | Seats | Seats | Status |
| Election year | Total | Contested | Status |
| 1962 | 12 / 250 | 5 / 125 | Opposition |
| 1965 | 7 / 250 | 3 / 125 | Opposition |
| 1968 | 10 / 250 | 7 / 125 | Opposition |
| 1971 | 13 / 252 | 6 / 126 | Opposition |
| 1974 | 10 / 252 | 5 / 126 | Opposition |
| 1977 | 11 / 252 | 6 / 126 | Opposition |
| 1980 | 12 / 252 | 6 / 126 | Opposition |
| 1983 | 12 / 252 | 6 / 126 | Opposition |
| 1986 | 12 / 252 | 5 / 126 | Opposition |
| 1989 | 8 / 252 | 3 / 126 | Opposition |
| 1992 | 9 / 252 | 4 / 126 | Opposition |