OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Absorption (logic)

Absorption is a valid argument form and rule of inference of propositional logic. The rule states that if $P$ implies $Q$, then $P$ implies $P$ and $Q$. The rule makes it possible to introduce conjunctions to proofs. It is called the law of absorption because the term $Q$ is "absorbed" by the term $P$ in the consequent. The rule can be stated:
    ${\frac {P\to Q}{\therefore P\to (P\land Q)}}$
where the rule is that wherever an instance of "$P\to Q$" appears on a line of a proof, "$P\to (P\land Q)$" can be placed on a subsequent line.

## Formal notation

The absorption rule may be expressed as a sequent:
    $P\to Q\vdash P\to (P\land Q)$
where $\vdash$ is a metalogical symbol meaning that $P\to (P\land Q)$ is a syntactic consequence of $(P\rightarrow Q)$ in some logical system;
and expressed as a truth-functional tautology or theorem of propositional logic. The principle was stated as a theorem of propositional logic by Russell and Whitehead in Principia Mathematica as:
    $(P\to Q)\leftrightarrow (P\to (P\land Q))$
where $P$, and $Q$ are propositions expressed in some formal system.

## Examples

If it will rain, then I will wear my coat. Therefore, if it will rain then it will rain and I will wear my coat.

## Proof by truth table

| $P$ | $Q$ | $P\rightarrow Q$ | $P\rightarrow (P\land Q)$ |
| T | T | T | T |
| T | F | F | F |
| F | T | T | T |
| F | F | T | T |

## Formal proof

| Proposition | Derivation |
| $P\rightarrow Q$ | Given |
| $\neg P\lor Q$ | Material implication |
| $\neg P\lor P$ | Law of Excluded Middle |
| $(\neg P\lor P)\land (\neg P\lor Q)$ | Conjunction |
| $\neg P\lor (P\land Q)$ | Reverse Distribution |
| $P\rightarrow (P\land Q)$ | Material implication |
# Jody Naranjo

Jody Naranjo is a contemporary Tewa pottery maker from the Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico in the United States. She comes from a family of traditional Tewa potters. She learned the craft of pottery from her mother, Dolly Naranjo, and other female relatives. She attended the Institute of American Indian Arts. Naranjo was selling her artwork at age fifteen at the New Mexico History Museum. Her style is identifiable and showcases her keen sense of humour. Jody has 3 daughters and maintains her connections to her heritage and friends. She is represented by Blue Rain Gallery in Santa Fe.

## Technique

She uses traditional methods to make her pottery, including digging the clay from pueblo lands and processing the raw clay. She sifts, soaks, and strains the raw clay in into pottery-grade clay. She uses the coiling and pit firing to make her pots. Images of women, which she calls "pueblo girls," and animals, are a common themes in her artworks. She participates in the Santa Fe Indian Market. She won first prize in pottery at the Market in 2011 and 2022. She has served as an artist-in-residence at the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art. In 2007 she won best in show at the Eiteljorg's Indian Market. Her work has been exhibited at the Heard Museum.
# Zahra Jishi

Zahra Jishi is a Lebanese-American translator of Arabic literature. Among her translations are:
* Where Prophets Are Killed, a collection of three novellas by Syrian-American author Lotfi Hadad. Co-translator: Reem Salem.
* The World Through the Eyes of Angels, a novel by the Iraqi-American writer Mahmoud Saeed. Co-translators: Samuel Salter and Rafah Abuinnab.
Jishi, Salter, and Abuinnab won the 2010 Arkansas Arabic Translation Award for their translation of Angels.
# Mianyang, Guangdong

Mianyang is a town under the jurisdiction of Wuhua County, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, southern China.
In 2024, Mianyang's population was estimated to be 1,376,450.
# Hijas de Cuauhtemoc

Hijas de Cuauhtemoc was a revolutionary feminist organization founded in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920). The organization was opposed to the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz and the imperialist economic policies during this period, which they felt exploited workers. Hijas de Cuauhtemoc engaged in many forms of activism to promote the removal of Diaz from power. As a feminist organization, Hijas de Cuauhtemoc also sought to connect revolutionary struggle to radical social changes for Mexican women. Specifically, the feminist demands of Hijas de Cuauhtemoc were the abolition of domestic labor, equal pay, educational access, equal rights within the family, and rights for women in agricultural work.

## Origins

The revolutionary ideologies dedicated to the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz were often detailed in newspapers written by revolutionary journalists who sometimes wrote under pseudonyms. Many of these journalists were women who incorporated feminist ideals into their revolutionary rhetoric. Included in these feminist revolutionary journalists were Juana Gutierrez, Dolores Jiménez y Muro, Elisa Acufia y Rosette, and Ines Malvaez.
Juana Gutierrez, Dolores Jiménez y Muro, Elisa Acufia y Rosette, and Ines Malvaez were eventually jailed by the Porfiriato for their revolutionary writings and activism. It was during their time in jail that these feminists joined together united by their similar beliefs and passion for activism and founded Hijas de Cuauhtemoc.

## Activism

The activism of Hijas de Cuauhtemoc took many forms.
The organization was known for collecting 1,000 signatures that called for Porfirio Díaz to step down and for the Mexican government to hold a truly free election.
They are also known to have been a part of a peaceful demonstration during which protesters placed flowers on the graves of those who had died during the often-violent revolutionary struggle for independence. Many of these peaceful protesters were arrested.
# Monika Radulovic

Monika Radulovic; Serbian: Моника Радуловић, romanized: Monika Radulović (born 20 September 1990) is an Australian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Australia 2015 and represented Australia at the Miss Universe 2015 pageant, ultimately placing in the Top 5.

## Personal life

Monika Radulovic was born to parents Goran and Vinka in SFR Yugoslavia. Her family came to Australia as refugees from the Bosnian War when she was four. Radulovic graduated with honours in Psychology at the Western Sydney University.

### Miss Universe Australia 2015

On 5 June 2015, Radulovic was crowned Miss Universe Australia 2015 in the ballroom at the Sofitel on Collins in Melbourne and represented New South Wales. Thirty-five contestants competed for the crown. She previously placed as third runner-up at the Miss Universe Australia 2014, while Tegan Martin won the title in that year.

### Miss Universe 2015

Radulovic represented Australia at 64th Miss Universe pageant where she placed in the top five.

### Australian Survivor: Champions vs. Contenders

In August 2018, it was revealed that Radulovic would be participating in Australian Survivor: Champions vs Contenders and would be part of the Champions tribe.
Early in the game, Radulovic allied herself with Russell Hantz, a former player of the American version of Survivor, but was blindsided when he was voted out only five days into the game. After Hantz was voted out, Radulovic kept a low profile and was able to make it through the tribe phase of the game while only going to four tribal councils. Going into the merge, she found herself in a tight alliance with Brian Lake and the two were able to make it to the final six along with Shonee Fairfax and Fenella McGowan, two allies they made during the merge. At the final six, the two remaining members of the opposing alliance, Shane Gould and Sharn Coombes, were successfully able to blindside McGowan using a Hidden Immunity Idol due to a mistake Lake made when splitting the votes. Angry with Lake, Fairfax joined the opposing alliance and opted to vote out Lake at the next tribal council. After Lake had lost the immunity challenge, the opposing alliance changed their mind due to fear that Lake had a Hidden Immunity Idol and voted out Radulovic in a 3–2 vote. She placed 5th and became the 7th member of the jury, ultimately voting for Gould to win.
# Enrique J. Lavernia

Enrique Jose Lavernia (born 1960) is a Cuban-American material scientist and engineer. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of California, Irvine's Henry Samueli School of Engineering. From 2015 to 2021, he served as UC Irvine's provost and executive vice chancellor. Lavernia previously taught at the University of California, Davis, where he served as Dean of the College of Engineering and as the university's interim provost and executive vice chancellor.

## Education

Lavernia's family left Cuba in 1965. After attending high school in Puerto Rico, Lavernia matriculated at Brown University. He earned a Bachelor of Science with honors in solid mechanics at Brown in 1982. Lavernia completed a Master of Science and doctoral degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1984 and 1986, respectively.

## Career

Lavernia joined UC Irvine in 1987 as an assistant professor. He eventually became chair of the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science and a Chancellor's Professor before moving to UC Davis in 2002. Lavernia served as Dean of the UC Davis College of Engineering between 2002–2009 and 2011–2015. From January 2009 to January 2011, he served as the university's interim provost and executive vice chancellor. Lavernia returned to UC Irvine in 2015 as provost and executive vice chancellor.
He was placed on leave in March 2020 due a federal investigation into his academic and research activities. The results of the investigation have not been made public. He was ultimately succeeded in the role by Hal Stern. He is now the M. Katherine Banks Chair and professor of Materials Science & Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University.

### Honors and awards

* Foreign Member, Chinese Academy of Engineering, 2020
* 2020 Acta Materialia Gold Medal
* Fellow, National Academy of Inventors, 2016
* Fellow, National Academy of Engineering, 2013
# EPlus

ePlus Inc.(Nasdaq: PLUS) is a consultative technology solutions provider that provides solutions and advisory and managed services across the technology spectrum, including security, cloud, networking, collaboration, artificial intelligence, and emerging solutions to more than 5,000 customers.
ePlus was founded in 1990, and was formerly known as MLC Holdings, Inc. The company changed its name to ePlus, inc. in 1999, after its IPO in 1996.

## Partnerships

ePlus offers technology solutions through partnerships with various technology vendors in areas such as security, cloud, networking, artificial intelligence, and digital infrastructure including Cisco Systems, Hewlett Packard, Apple Inc., Dell and Microsoft.

## Facilities and staff

ePlus’ operations are directed from its headquarters in Herndon, Virginia. The company has over 1,900 employees working in 30+ locations across the U.S., U.K., Europe, India and Singapore.

## Acquisition History

Since its IPO, ePlus has acquired 27 businesseswithin the United States. Currently, it has three operating subsidiarieswhich are combined into two business segments:
* The Financing Business Unit – ePlus Group, Inc., which is the leasing and business process outsourcing company.
* The Technology Sales Business Unit – ePlus Technology, inc., which is the IT sales and services company, combined with ePlus Systems, inc., the software company.
# Baga, Goa

Baga is a seaside town located in Bardez, Goa, India. It comes under the jurisdiction of Calangute, which is 2 km south. Baga is known for its popular beach and Baga Creek. It is visited by thousands of tourists annually.

## Baga Beach

Baga Beach is a popular beach and tourist destination in North Goa. Baga is located at the north end of the contiguous beach stretch that starts from Sinquerim, Candolim, leads to Calangute, and then to Baga.
The beach contains rows of shacks and fishing boats, and at high tide the beach is narrow.
The beach is named after the Baga Creek, which empties into the Arabian Sea at the north end of the beach.
# Tiruvasi Mattruraivaradeswarar Temple

Tiruvasi Mattruraivaradeswarar Temple is a Tamil temple located at Tiruvasi in Trichy district of Tamil Nadu, India. The historical name of the place is Tirupalasiramam. The presiding deity is Shiva. He is called as Mattruraivaradar. His consort is known as Balambikai.

## Significance

It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams - Shiva Sthalams glorified in the early medieval Tevaram poems by Tamil Saivite Nayanars Tirugnanasambandar and Sundarar.

## Literary mention

Tirugnanasambandar describes the feature of the deity as:
   மாந்தர்தம்பானறு நெய்மகிழ்ந்தாடி வளர்சடை மேற்புனல்வைத்து
   மோந்தைமுழாக்குழல் தாளமொர்வீணை முதிரவோர் வாய்மூரிபாடி ஆந்தைவிழிச்சிறு பூதத்தர்பாச்சி லாச்சிரா மத்துறைகின்ற
   சாந்தணிமார்பரோ தையலைவாடச் சதுர்செய்வதோ விவர்சார்வே.
# St. Charles Township, Illinois

St. Charles Township is one of sixteen townships in Kane County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 50,854 and it contained 19,043 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 35.55 square miles (92.1 km$^2$), of which 34.82 square miles (90.2 km$^2$) (or 97.95%) is land and 0.74 square miles (1.9 km$^2$) (or 2.08%) is water. It is divided by the Fox River.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Bartlett (west edge)
* Campton Hills (partial)
* Elburn (east edge)
* Geneva (partial)
* South Elgin (partial)
* St. Charles (vast majority)
* Wayne (west half)

### Other communities

* Five Island Park at 41°58′18″N 88°18′35″W﻿ / ﻿41.971668°N 88.309723°W﻿ / 41.971668; -88.309723
* Rainbow Hills at 41°55′21″N 88°21′57″W﻿ / ﻿41.922382°N 88.365786°W﻿ / 41.922382; -88.365786
* Thornwood
* Valley View at 41°57′59″N 88°17′56″W﻿ / ﻿41.966259°N 88.298836°W﻿ / 41.966259; -88.298836

## School districts

* Geneva Community Unit School District 304
* School District U-46
* St. Charles Community Unit School District 303

## Political districts

* Illinois's 14th congressional district
* State House District 49
* State House District 50
* State House District 55
* State Senate District 25
* State Senate District 28

## Notable people

* Lester Frank Ward (1841-1913), sociologist
# International Songwriting Competition

The International Songwriting Competition (ISC), founded in 2002, is an annual songwriting contest for both amateur and professional songwriters. There is no physical event to attend as the competition is held online, and anyone in the world can enter. Each year the competition gives away over US$150,000 in cash and prizes, including $25,000 in cash to the overall Grand Prize Winner. Additionally, ISC offers an opportunity for artists to have their songs heard by celebrity artists and music industry executives.

## Overview

Depending on the category, submissions are judged on the following criteria:
* Creativity
* Originality
* Lyrics
* Melody
* Arrangement
* Overall likability
There are 24 categories artists can enter:
* AAA (Adult Album Alternative)
* AC (Adult Contemporary)
* Americana
* Blues
* Children's Music
* Christian,
* Comedy/Novelty
* Country
* EDM (Electronic Dance Music)
* Folk/Singer-Songwriter
* Hip-Hop/Rap
* Instrumental
* Jazz,
* Latin Music
* Lyrics Only
* Music Video
* Performance
* Pop/Top 40
* R&B/Soul
* Rock
* Teen
* Unpublished
* Unsigned
* World Music

## Winners

Previous winners of the ISC include:
* Tones and I
* The Band Perry
* Roman Miroshnichenko
* Faouzia
* Illenium
* Gin Wigmore
* R.LUM.R
* Vance Joy
* Kimbra
* The Teskey Brothers
* Amy Shark
* Altered Five Blues Band

## Judges

The ISC will often have celebrity judges on the panel. Past and Present judges include:
* Mariah Carey
* Gloria Estefan
* Hozier
* Dua Lipa
* Florida Georgia Line
* Linkin Park
* Coldplay
* The Chainsmokers
* Rhianna
* Lorde
* Bastille
* Kristian Bush (Sugarland)
* Femi Kuti
# Anhonee (1973 film)

Anhonee ("Impossible") is a 1973 Bollywood suspense drama film directed by Ravi Tandon. It stars Sanjeev Kumar, Leena Chandavarkar, Bindu, Padma Khanna and Kamini Kaushal. Laxmikant-Pyarelal provided the music for the film. Year 1996 movie Chhote Sarkar was partially inspired by this film. This is considered one of the best crime thriller film made in Bollywood.

## Plot

After the tragic death of her dad, Dr. Rekha continues to live with her step-mother in Bombay, where she runs a mental institution. While traveling by train one night, they are accosted by a knife-wielding escaped mental patient, Sunil, whose aggression is calmed by Rekha. She gets him admitted into her hospital where he is put under observation and treatment at the hands of Dr. Mathur and herself. He soon starts responding positively under their care, and is on his way to recovery. Once, he saves Rekha from being molested in a parking lot, and this sparks romance between the two. At first Rekha is reluctant to marry Sunil due to a secret which she cannot reveal. After great persistence from Sunil, she reveals that she killed her father by accident when he was trying to have sex with her thinking that she was her stepmother. But she still doesn't understand why didn't he stop when she shrieked out after identifying her voice ; she probably thinks that as he was drunk he might have had the difficulty. It is then revealed that Sunil is not as he pretends to be; He is a well respected Police Inspector trying to find the mystery of Mr.Rai Bahadur's death. All is set for the two to get engaged at a lavish party. It is at this party that Rekha will find out that Sunil who he is and tries to get away from him.

## Cast

* Sanjeev Kumar as CID Inspector Sunil
* Leena Chandavarkar as Dr. Rekha
* Padma Khanna as Roopa
* Bindu as Rita
* Rehman as Inspector General
* Manmohan as Dr. Mathur
* Paintal as Dr. Tripathi
* Asrani as Gangaram
* Jankidas as Girdharilal
* Kamini Kaushal as Mrs. Rai Bahadur Singh
* Satyendra Kapoor as Diwan
* Mac Mohan as Peter
* Sudhir as Tiger
* M. B. Shetty as Henchman
* Anwar Hussain as Police Commissioner
* Ranveer Raj as Dr.Shukla
* Polson as Passenger in red car
* Shashi Kiran as Passenger in red car
* Anoop Kumar as Inmate
* Lalita Kumari as Mrs.Darayani

## Music

Laxmikant-Pyarelal composed the songs on lyrics by Verma Malik. Hungama Ho Gaya was remixed by Amit Trivedi for the film Queen.
| Song | Singer |
| "Buddhu Pad Gaya Palle" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Main To Ek Pagal, Pagal Kya Dil Behlayega" | Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle |
| "Hungama Ho Gaya" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Balma Hamar" | Asha Bhosle |

## Awards and nominations

Asha Bhosale was nominated for Filmfare award for Best female playback singer.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| 1973 | Asrani | Shama Sushama Award for Best Comedian | Won |
# Kaman K-225

The Kaman K-225 is an American experimental helicopter developed by Kaman Aircraft. One example was modified to become the world's first gas turbine-powered helicopter.

## Design and development

The K-125 was Charles Kaman's first helicopter, which utilized intermeshing rotors and Kaman's patented servo-flap stability control. The K-125 first flew on 15 January 1947.
The K-190 and K-225 were an improved versions of the K-125, which first flew in April and July 1949 respectively. The U.S. Navy bought two and the Coast Guard one for $25,000 each. The United States Air Force evaluated one K-225 with the designation YH-22.
A modified K-225 equipped with a Boeing 502 (YT50) turboshaft engine became the first gas turbine-powered helicopter in December 1951. This aircraft is now at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
A standard K-225 is preserved in the New England Air Museum at Windsor Locks Connecticut.
In 1953, the Turkish Army purchased one Kaman K-225 helicopter and a K-225 was the first helicopter flown in Turkey.

## Variants
### K-125

    first two-seat prototype with 125 hp (93 kW) Lycoming O-390-3 engine and moulded plywood fuselage and bubble canopy.

### K-190

    improved prototype with 190 hp (140 kW) Lycoming engine, marketed as an open cockpit crop-duster, certified in April 1949

### K-190A

    open frame three-seat helicopter, powered by a 175 hp (130 kW) Lycoming O-435-C engine. Type certified on April 15, 1949.

### K-190B

    four-seat version.

### K-225

    improved model, powered by a 225 hp (168 kW) Lycoming O-435-A2 engine, certified on September 16, 1949.

### K-5

    designation for K-225 with Boeing T50-BO-2 model 502 engine.

### YH-22

    United States Air Force designation for one K-225 bought for evaluation.

## Specifications (K-225)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: two
* Length: 22 ft 5 in (6.83 m)
* Height: 11 ft 0 in (3.35 m)
* Empty weight: 1,799 lb (816 kg)
* Gross weight: 2,703 lb (1,226 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-435-2 6-cyl. air-cooled horizontally opposed piston engine, 225 hp (168 kW)
* Main rotor diameter: 2 × 38 ft 0 in (11.58 m)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 73 mph (117 km/h, 63 kn)
# Wuguishan Subdistrict

Wuguishan Subdistrict (Chinese: 五桂山; pinyin: Wǔguìshān; Jyutping: ng$^5$gwai$^3$saan$^1$) is a subdistrict of the prefecture-level city of Zhongshan, Guangdong province, China. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 46,049.

## Name

It derives its name from "Wugui Mountain [zh]" (Chinese: 五桂山; pinyin: Wǔguìshān) in the district, which literally means "five osmanthus mountain" in English. The name of Xiangshan County, Zhongshan's old name, also derives from the mountain.

## Geography

Situated in the southern part of Zhongshan, it borders with East District, South District, Sanxiang, Nanlang, Banfu of Zhongshan and Xiangzhou District of Zhuhai. It covers an area of 113 square kilometres (44 sq mi).
# Past to Present 1977–1990

Past to Present 1977–1990 is the first compilation album by Toto, released in 1990. It contains nine hit songs from the band's first seven albums, and four new songs recorded with new singer Jean-Michel Byron.
According to the band, it was Toto's record label Columbia who proposed the band work with Byron. Ultimately the band was not happy with his onstage antics and he was asked to leave the band. Steve Lukather became Toto's lead vocalist in 1991.

## Track listing

Some CD inlays and LP sleeves had the song '99' wrongly dated as a 1988 track. The only former Toto member not named in the album credits was Fergie Frederiksen lead vocalist on the 1984 album Isolation as none of that album's tracks were featured.

## Personnel
### Toto

* Jean-Michel Byron — vocals
* Steve Lukather — guitar
* David Paich — piano
* Jeff Porcaro — drums
* Mike Porcaro — bass

## Charts
### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Finland (Musiikkituottajat) | Gold | 39,929 |
| France (SNEP) | Platinum | 300,000$^*$ |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 250,000$^^$ |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Platinum | 200,000$^^$ |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | Platinum | 100,000$^^$ |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Platinum | 50,000$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^*$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||