OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Holland Festival

The Holland Festival (Dutch pronunciation:) is the oldest and largest performing arts festival in the Netherlands. It takes place every June in Amsterdam. It comprises theatre, music, opera and modern dance. In recent years, multimedia, visual arts, film and architecture were added to the festival roster.
Performances take place in Amsterdam venues such as the city theatre, the opera, the Concertgebouw and Muziekgebouw concert halls and the Westergas factory site. Each edition is loosely themed, and the programme features both contemporary work and classical pieces presented with a modern edge.

## History

The festival was founded in 1947 and features some of the world's top artists and performers, as well as lesser-known performers. Notable world premieres included Karlheinz Stockhausen's Helicopter String Quartet. The festival introduced Maria Callas in the Netherlands, and was also the first to successfully set up a large symphonic tribute to Frank Zappa with "200 motels-the suite" in 2000 (after failed attempts to have Zappa perform himself in the festival in 1981).
From 2005, the festival included off-series called EarFuel, EyeFuel and MindFuel. Outreach initiatives to new audiences include successful non-western concerts such as an Umm Kalsoum tribute by Egyptian star Amal Maher in 2010.
From 2005 to 2014 the Holland Festival was curated by artistic director Pierre Audi, followed by Ruth Mackenzie in 2014.
# Palmieri

Palmieri is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Matteo Palmieri (1493–1537), Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
* Davide Cocco Palmieri (1632–1711), Italian Roman Catholic Bishop of Malta
* Domenico Palmieri (1829–1909), Italian Jesuit scholastic theologian
* Donato Palmieri (c. 1550 – c. 1580), Italian painter of the late Renaissance period, also known as Donato da Formello
* Francesco Palmieri (1659–1701), Italian poet and musician
* Giuseppe Palmieri (1674–1740), Italian painter of the late Baroque period
* Giuseppe Palmieri (1721–1793), Italian economist and politician
* Pietro Palmieri, former Italian racing driver
* Alessandro "Alex" Palmieri (born 1991), Italian singer, songwriter and LGBT activist
* Charlie Palmieri (1927–1988), Puerto Rican-American pianist and bandleader
* Eddie Palmieri (born 1936), Puerto Rican-American pianist and bandleader
* Edmund Louis Palmieri (1907–1989), United States District Judge
* Emerson Palmieri (born 1994), Brazilian-born Italian footballer
* Ermanno Palmieri (1921–1982), Italian professional football player
* Federico Palmieri (born 1995), Italian football player
* Francesco Palmieri (born 1967), Italian footballer
* Fulvio Palmieri (1903–1966), Italian screenwriter
* Giovanni Palmieri (1906–unknown), Italian male tennis player
* Giovanni Palmieri dos Santos (born 1989), Brazilian professional footballer
* Giuseppe Palmieri (1902–1989), Italian high jumper and javelin thrower
* Irma Palmieri (1931–2015), Venezuelan actress and comedian
* Jennifer M. Palmieri (born 1966), former White House Director of Communications
* Gerard Anthony Palmieri (born 1958), American football strength and conditioning coach
* Julian Palmieri (born 1986), French professional footballer
* Kyle Palmieri (born 1991), American ice hockey player
* Luigi Palmieri (1807–1896), Italian physicist and meteorologist
* Mario Rubén García Palmieri (1927–2014), Spanish cardiologist
* Matteo Palmieri (1406–1475), Italian humanist and historian
* Paul Palmieri (CEO) (born 1970), American entrepreneur
* Paul Palmieri (Bickertonite) (1933–2020), American religious leader
* Riccardo Palmieri (born 1995), Italian footballer
* Rubi Lira Miranda Palmieri (born 1983), Brazilian female water polo player
* Silvio Palmieri (1957–2018), Canadian composer
* Stefano Palmieri (born 1964), Sammarinese politician, who served as a Captain Regent of San Marino together with Matteo Ciacci
* Victor Palmieri (born 1930), American lawyer, real estate financier and businessman
* Wayan Palmieri (born 1977), American music video director, film editor and photographer
* Claudio Palmieri (born 1977), Canadian musician, known professionally as Ethan Kath

## Fictional characters

* Grace Palmieri
* Marco and Giuseppe Palmieri, characters in Gilbert and Sullivan's The Gondoliers
# Egling an der Paar

Egling an der Paar is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

## Transport

The municipality has a railway station, Egling, on the Mering–Weilheim line.
# Bolam, Northumberland

Bolam is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Belsay in the county of Northumberland, England. The village is about 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Newcastle upon Tyne, near Bolam West Houses. In 1951 the civil parish had a population of 60. On 1 April 1955 the parish was abolished and merged with Belsay.

## History

The Church of England parish church of St Andrew has a late Saxon west tower and is a Grade I listed building.
Shortflatt Tower, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south-west of the village, is a late 15th or early 16th century pele tower, with a 17th-century house attached, and is also Grade I listed.
Bolam is the burial place of Robert de Reymes, a wealthy Suffolk merchant, who in 1296 began the building of Aydon Castle, near Corbridge.

## Landmarks

Bolam Lake Country Park is next to the village.
Three archaeological sites are nearby: Huckhoe Settlement, an iron Age and Romano-British defended settlement; Slate Hill Settlement, an Iron Age defended settlement; and The Poind and his Man, a Neolithic site.
# Tonga–Turkey relations

Tonga and Turkey established diplomatic relations on 26 January 1976.

## History

In 2008, Turkey hosted a meeting of Pacific Islands Foreign Affairs Ministers in Istanbul which brought together officials from the Pacific Island countries and Turkey for the first time in an international setting. Although most participating countries attended the meeting at a ministerial level, Tonga sent an undersecretary.
In 2014, a meeting of the foreign ministers of Turkey and the Pacific Island countries was held in Istanbul. Representing Tonga, UN Permanent Representative Ambassador Mahe Uliuli Sandhurst Tupouniua attended the meeting. The same year, Turkey made a contribution of US$50,000 to assist Tonga with relief operations following the destruction caused by Cyclone Ian.
In 2017, the state-owned Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency stated in their annual report that they assisted Tonga with US$20,000.

## Diplomatic representation

The Turkish ambassador in New Zealand's capital city of Wellington is also accredited to Tonga.
# Château de Foix

The Château de Foix (Languedocien: Castèl de Fois) is a castle which dominates the town of Foix in the French département of Ariège. An important tourist site, it is known as a centre of the Cathars. It has been listed since 1840 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

## History

Built on an older 7th-century fortification, the castle is known from 987. In 1002, it was mentioned in the will of Roger I, Count of Carcassonne, who bequeathed the fortress to his youngest child, Bernard. In effect, the family ruling over the region were installed here which allowed them to control access to the upper Ariège valley and to keep surveillance from this strategic point over the lower land, protected behind impregnable walls.
In 1034, the castle became capital of the County of Foix and played a decisive role in medieval military history. During the two following centuries, the castle was home to Counts with shining personalities who became the soul of the Occitan resistance during the crusade against the Albigensians. The county became a privileged refuge for persecuted Cathars.
The castle, often besieged (notably by Simon de Montfort in 1211 and 1212), resisted assault and was only taken once, in 1486, thanks to treachery during the war between two branches of the Foix family.
From the 14th century, the Counts of Foix spent less and less time in the uncomfortable castle, preferring the Governors' Palace (Palais des gouverneurs). From 1479, the Counts of Foix became Kings of Navarre and the last of them, made Henri IV of France, annexed his Pyrrenean lands to France.
As seat of the Governor of the Foix region from the 15th century, the castle continued to ensure the defence of the area, notably during the Wars of Religion. Alone of all the castles in the region, it was exempted from the destruction orders of Cardinal Richelieu (1632–1638).
Until the Revolution, the fortress remained a garrison. Its life was brightened with grand receptions for its governors, including the Count of Tréville, captain of musketeers under Louis XIII and Marshal Philippe Henri de Ségur, one of Louis XVI's ministers. The Round Tower, built in the 15th century, is the most recent, the two square towers having been built before the 11th century. They served as a political and civil prison for four centuries until 1862.
Since 1930, the castle has housed the collections of the Ariège départemental museum. Sections on prehistory, Gallo-Roman and mediaeval archaeology tell the history of Ariège from ancient times. Currently, the museum is rearranging exhibits to concentrate on the history of the castle site so as to recreate the life of Foix at the time of the Counts.
* Château de Foix seen from the town
* View of the town from Château de Foix
# Sunetra Pawar

Sunetra Ajit Pawar (born 18 October 1963) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. She is currently serving as Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra as a member of the Nationalist Congress Party. She is the also the spouse of one of the two Deputy Chief Ministers of Maharashtra as the wife of Ajit Pawar.
She is the chairperson of Baramati Textile Company and CEO of Environmental Forum of India. She has two sons, Jay Pawar and Parth Pawar. She was the candidate from Nationalist Congress Party for Lok Sabha from Baramati.

## Early life

Sunetra is the sister of former state minister and Lok Sabha MP Padamsinh Patil.
In 2010, Sunetra founded the Environmental Forum of India (EFOI), an NGO dedicated to promoting organic farming, eco-villages, and environmental conservation. Her efforts in spreading environmental awareness and implementing sustainable practices earned her the "Green Warrior Award" and other accolades. She has been a Think Tank member of the World Entrepreneurship Forum in France since 2011, contributing to global discussions on sustainable development and entrepreneurship. Sunetra also serves as a trustee for Vidya Pratishthan, an educational institution founded by Sharad Pawar. She regularly oversees its activities, ensuring the provision of quality education to over 25,000 students. Her involvement in education extends to her role as a member of the Senate at Savitribai Phule Pune University since 2017.
# A.G. Barr

A.G. Barr p.l.c, commonly known as Barr's, is a Scottish soft drink and energy drink manufacturer based in Cumbernauld, North Lanarkshire, Scotland widely known for manufacturing the drink Irn-Bru. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

## History

The company was founded in 1875 by Robert Barr in Falkirk. In 1887, his son, Robert Fulton Barr, set up a division of the original company in Glasgow, which had a much larger population. In 1892 the Glasgow branch passed to Andrew Greig Barr (where the name A.G. Barr comes from), a brother of the branch's founder. In 1899, they soft launched Irn-Bru, eventually launching it in 1901. The Falkirk and Glasgow divisions merged in 1959, and the company was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1965.
In 1972, A.G. Barr acquired the Tizer brand. In 2001 the company acquired Findlays Mineral Water which is sourced in the Lammermuir Hills. In 2002, Roger White joined A.G. Barr as managing director, and in 2004 became the first chief executive from outside the Barr family.
The company acquired Forfar-based Strathmore Mineral Water in May 2006. The Irn-Bru 32 energy drink variant was launched in 2006. In 2008, the company purchased the Taut sports drink range, and exotic fruit drink company Rubicon.
In November 2012, the company agreed to merge with Britvic, which produces drinks like J$_2$O, Tango and Robinsons, as well as holding the authority to produce Pepsi for the UK market, to create one of Europe's largest soft drinks companies. The merger was abandoned in July 2013.
The company acquired a cocktail mixer business, Funkin, in February 2015.
In December 2022, the company acquired Boost Drinks for £20 million from founders Simon and Alison Gray. The company also took full control of Moma Foods at that time.
In October 2023, it was announced A.G. Barr had acquired the Rio Tropical Limited soft drinks brand from the independent brewer and pub company, Hall and Woodhouse Limited, for £12.3 million.

## Legal disputes

On 14 July 1961, the Coca-Cola Company asked Lord Walker for an interim interdict about the type of bottle used by A.G. Barr's "Kolabar", "Cydrap" and "Stilkrush" in the Court of Session. Coca-Cola's argument was that "real danger that the bottle used by [A.G. Barr] for containing Kolabar will be mistaken by the public for [Coca-Cola].", while A.G. Barr's argument was "the position of Coca-Cola in the soft drinks industry in Scotland is insignificant in comparison with that of [A.G. Barr]". Lord Walker refused the interim interdict, as a large part of their business could've been disturbed, additionally because Coca-Cola made no sales in the country at that point.

## Operations

A.G. Barr produces a variety of soft drinks from production sites at Cumbernauld, Forfar and Milton Keynes. Irn-Bru was launched in 1901.
# Sandra Drabik

Sandra Drabik (born 13 August 1988, in Kielce) is a Polish boxer. She won the silver medal in the women's 51 kg event at the 2015 European Games and one of the bronze medals in that event at the 2019 European Games.
In 2011, she won the silver medal at the 2011 Women's European Union Amateur Boxing Championships in the women's 54 kg event. A few months later she also won the silver medal in the 2011 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships in the women's 54 kg event.
In 2016, she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 51 kg event at the 2016 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships.
She competed in the women's flyweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
She is Jan Kochanowski University alumni.
# Al Schulz

Albert Christopher Schulz (May 12, 1889 – December 13, 1931), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1912-1916. He would play for the New York Yankees, Buffalo Buffeds, and Cincinnati Reds.
Shulz was primarily a starter, but would come out of the bullpen when needed. He made 110 starts and 50 relief appearances in his career, pitching in three leagues, the American League with the Yankees, the Federal League with Buffalo, and finish his career in the National League in a short stint with the Reds.
Shulz died on December 13, 1931, at the age of 42.
# Monascus

Monascus is a genus of mold. Among the known species of this genus, the red-pigmented Monascus purpureus is among the most important because of its use in the production of certain fermented foods in East Asia, particularly China and Japan. It has also been found associated with the nests of some bee species, particularly bumblebees and sweat bees though its function in these environments is unclear.

## Species

* Monascus albidulus Zhong Q.Li & F. Guo (2004)
* Monascus argentinensis Stchigel & Guarro (2004)
* Monascus aurantiacus Zhong Q.Li ex Zhong Q.Li & F.Guo (2004)
* Monascus barkeri P.A.Dang. (1907)
* Monascus eremophilus A.D.Hocking & Pitt (1988)
* Monascus flavipigmentosus R.N.Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T.Oliveira & Houbraken (2017)
* Monascus floridanus P.F.Cannon & E.L.Barnard (1987)
* Monascus fumeus Zhong Q.Li & F. Guo (2004)
* Monascus lunisporas Udagawa & H. Baba (1998)
* Monascus mellicola R.N.Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T.Oliveira & Houbraken (2017)
* Monascus mucoroides Tiegh. (1884)
* Monascus olei Piedallu (1910)
* Monascus pallens P.F. Cannon, Abdullah & B.A.Abbas (1995)
* Monascus paxii Lingelsh. (1916)
* Monascus pilosus K.Satô ex D. Hawksw. & Pitt (1983)
* Monascus purpureus Went (1895)
* Monascus recifensis R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T.Oliveira & Houbraken (2017)
* Monascus ruber Tiegh. (1884)
* Monascus rutilus Zhong Q.Li & F.Guo (2004)
* Monascus sanguineus P.F.Cannon, Abdullah & B.A.Abbas (1995)
* Monascus vini Săvul. & Hulea (1953)

## Phylogeny

Phylogeny as given by Bisby et al., 2000, who put the genus into a separate family Monascaceae.

## Monascus pigments and biosynthesis

Monascus purpureus derives its signature red color from mosascus pigment that is composed of azaphilones or secondary fungal metabolites. There are six primary compounds all with similar biosynthetic pathways, two yellow pigments, ankaflavin and monascin, two orange pigments monascorubin and rubropunctain, and two red pigments monascorubinamine and rubropunctaimine. All six are produced with a combination of polyketide synthase (PKS) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) In the first step a hexekatide is formed through Type 1 PKS encoded by the Mripig A gene. PKS uses the domains acyl transferase, acetyl-CoA, ketoacyl synthase, acyl transferase, acyl carrier protein and the base units of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA to produce a ketone chain that undergoes Knoevenagel aldol condensations. The second step is the formation of a fatty acid through the FAS pathway. The β-keto acid then undergoes a trans-esterification reaction to form one of the two orange pigments. At this point the compound can either undergo reduction to form one of the yellow pigments or amination to form one of the red pigments.
# United Way Community Services Building

The United Way Community Services Building is a high-rise office building completed in 1895 at 1212 Griswold Street, at the northeast corner of State Street, in the Capitol Park Historic District of downtown Detroit, Michigan. The 48.77 m (160.0 ft) 12-story building was designed by architects Spier & Rohns and was the tallest in the state when built. The lower two floors are faced with a brown rusticated stone with the main entry centered on the south façade and framed by four square pilasters of gray granite. Floors three through five are smooth stone and floors six through twelve are tan brick. The structure originally had an elaborate cornice surrounding the twelfth floor which was removed in the 1950s. The light court which extended from the fifth to twelfth floor above the entry was filled in 1988 and faced with glass and a gabled glass roof to provide additional office space.

## History

The building was owned and occupied by the United Way for Southeastern Michigan from 1987 to 2009; the city's redevelopment agency purchased it from United way for $1.75 million. For many years prior to 1987, it was known as the Detroit Savings Bank Building and contained offices for the Detroit Savings Bank, which became Detroit Bank and Trust and later Comerica.
At the time of construction it was known as the Chamber of Commerce Building and, at 12 stories, is Detroit's oldest existing skyscraper and among the first constructed in the city with a steel skeleton. The 10-story Hammond Building (1889), now demolished, is considered the city's first skyscraper. The Qube in the Detroit Financial District now stands on former Hammond Building site.
In May 2013, the Archdiocese of Detroit announced it would consolidate offices from multiple sites in the city into approximately 50,000 sq ft (4,600 m$^2$) of the building, currently owned by Capitol Park Partners, LLC. After renovations were completed, the chancery and other components moved into the lower six floors of the structure in early 2015, with residences on the upper floors. Part of the renovations included re-creating a cornice at the top of the façade. Richard Karp, whose company oversaw the renovations, said he also plans to restore the name of the Detroit Savings Bank Building.

## Gallery

* The building during construction c.1893
* Clock at Griswold and State Streets, July 1942
# Thomas MacNevin

Thomas MacNevin (1814 – 8 February 1848) was an influential Irish writer and journalist, who died under "peculiarly sad circumstances" in a Bristol asylum.
According to T. F. O'Sullivan, he was one of the most "brilliant intellects" to be associated with The Nation newspaper and with the Young Ireland movement.

## Background

According to the official records of Trinity College, Dublin, which he entered at the age of 17, Thomas MacNevin was born in Dublin, the son of Daniel MacNevin, although it has also been suggested that he was born in Galway. Charles Gavan Duffy in his Young Ireland: a Fragment of Irish History, 1840–45 described MacNevin as being "below the middle size but well made, well poised, and agile" with auburn hair and clear blue eyes, "which he believed he inherited from Danish ancestors." His face was "mobile, and possessed the power not given to one man in ten thousand, of expressing a wide range of feeling without exaggeration or grimace."

## Education

During his time at Trinity College, MacNevin became treasurer of the College Historical Society between 1834 and 1835, and auditor in 1837–38. The society had been founded by Edmund Burke nearly a century before, and had trained three generations of Irish orators and statesmen. However, in 1838 the society was exiled from the college that gave it a name. It was during this period that MacNevin became its president.
The meetings were held in Radley's Hotel, and attracted audiences with their vehement and flamboyant eloquence. Isaac Butt, Joseph Lefanu, Torrens M'Cullagh, Thomas Wallis, James O'Hea, William Keogh, and Joseph Pollock all debated in a style reminiscent of that of the old Irish Parliament. At Trinity College, MacNevin studied elocution under John Vandenhoff and Sheridan Knowles. He completed his degree in 1838, and was called to the Bar the following year.

## Career

In 1844, MacNevin edited the State Trials, and later he wrote two volumes for the Young Ireland "Library of Ireland". The first, a History of the Irish Volunteers of 1782, was published in 1845, followed by The Confiscation of Ulster in 1846. In 1845, he published Gerald, a three-act play on the invasion of Ireland by Henry II in 1171. Also in this year he edited and published The speeches of the Right Honourable Richard Lalor Sheil. MacNevin contributed to the Northern Catholic newspaper The Vindicator.
MacNevin worked on The Nation newspaper of the Young Ireland group for two years. He felt the death of Davis in 1845 keenly, and in the last remaining years of his life was mentally affected.

## Death

MacNevin died on 8 February 1848 in an asylum in Bristol. On 19 February, The Nation paid a tribute to their former colleague and friend.

## Works

* MacNevin, Thomas (1845). The History of the Volunteers of 1782 (4th ed.). Dublin: James Duffy.