OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Neskowin Ghost Forest

The Neskowin Ghost Forest is the remnants of a Sitka spruce forest on the Oregon Coast of the United States. The stumps were likely created when an earthquake of the Cascadia subduction zone abruptly lowered the trees, that were then covered by mud from landslides or debris from a tsunami. Although many local geologists believe this ghost forest (and others on the Pacific NW coast) were caused by gradual dune encroachment, meaning sand dunes built up and covered the Sitka trees – not in an abrupt drop. Many of the stumps are over 2,000 years old, preserved by the salt water, which does not favor lignin-decomposing fungus.

## History

The stumps were unearthed when turbulent storms swept away sand during the winter of 1997–1998. It is one of over thirty ghost forests along the Oregon and Washington Coast, though many appear as flat roots and not stumps. Most notably, Washington's ghost forest of red cedars was integral to the discovery of the Cascadia fault line. These ghost forests are evidence of significant, rapid changes in coastline – often due to seismic events such as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.
The stumps at Neskowin are 2,000 years old, according to carbon dating. While living, the trees that make up the Neskowin Ghost Forest were similar to present-day coastal rain forest. They stood 150–200 feet (46–61 m) high and were at least 200 years old when buried. However, it's difficult to determine when or how the trees died, because it occurred before written history in the region. It was originally believed that these trees died slowly, as the roots were gradually submerged in saltwater due to changes in the sea levels. Yet research by geologists revealed that the soil, still present at the roots of the stumps, was buried abruptly – indicating a more sudden and dramatic event, like an earthquake, as the cause.
The ghost forest is near Proposal Rock. It is part of the Neskowin Beach State Recreation Site. The best time to see the stumps is low tide, during winter (due to January, February and March bringing the lowest tides of the year.)

## Gallery

* Neskowin Ghost Forest in August 2017
* Large tree stump protruding from beach sand
* Tree stumps visible with Proposal Rock in background.
# Ura Mail

Ura Mail was a weekly English newspaper published from Dimapur. It was the first local English weekly newspaper published from Nagaland, India.

## Journalists

On 23 September 1992, Chalie Kevichüsa, the editor-in-chief of Ura Mail was assassinated while he was dropping his daughter for her tuition class, when armed men from the NSCN-IM opened fire on his vehicle after several days of tracking his movements at Fellowship Colony, Dimapur. Kevichüsa was killed and his daughter was wounded.
# Music of Vinland Saga

Vinland Saga (Japanese: ヴィンランド・サガ, Hepburn: Vinrando Saga) is a Japanese anime television series based on Makoto Yukimura's manga of the same name. The anime uses multiple opening and closing themes as well as two soundtracks.

## Singles

The first opening theme is "Mukanjyo" by Survive Said the Prophet, while the first ending theme is "Torches" by Aimer. Yosh from Survive Said the Prophet said he the band found the theme comfortable to play thanks to their relationship with Yabuta while Aimer instead wanted to portray the emotions Thorfinn and Thors share in the early episodes in an attempt to "pass the torch". The second opening theme is "Dark Crow" by Man with a Mission, and the second ending theme is "Drown" by Milet. "Dark Crow" is intended to follow the Viking theme while Milet said that the overlapping music in "Drown" is meant to immerse listeners into Thorfinn's new conflicting world.
For the second season, the first opening theme is "River" by Anonymouz, while the first ending theme is "Without Love" by LMYK. Anonymouz wanted to portray through her songs the weakened Thorfinn and what new emotions the protagonist could obtain as a slave. LMYK expressed similar desires but in a more tragic nature as the song is meant to show the hopelessness and regrets the character suffered. The second opening theme is "Paradox" by Survive Said the Prophet, and the second ending theme is "Ember" by haju:harmonics. Yosh was inspired to write more stylish lyrics with far more hopes. haju:harmonics, meanwhile, wanted to portray courage and hope with her song.

## Season 1

The soundtrack of the series was composed by Yutaka Yamada while the sound effects director was Shoji Hata. Inspired by the manga, Yamada wanted the music to represent the psychological states of Thorfinn and other characters. Yabuta and Hata often had discussions in regards to what kind of music they should use. In testing, Yamada provided Yabuta with a demo of 26 songs, made to represent and amplify the emotion a character was displaying. Yabuta was impressed with Yamada's works, giving for example the first season finale where the music elevates Thorfinn's mental breakdown at Askeladd's death. While Hata helped Yamada in the first season, for the second season he worked alone. Yamada's favorite theme was the piano theme in the first episode which he felt fit the story and visuals. This led to the next season having more piano tracks.
TV Animation Vinland Saga Original Soundtrack (TVアニメ「ヴィンランド・サガ」オリジナル・サウンドトラック, TV Anime「Vinrando Saga」Orijinaru・Saundotorakku) was composed by Yutaka Yamada, and released on February 19, 2020, by Sony Music Records [ja].

### Track listing
## Season 2

The original soundtrack album contains 43 tracks and was released on February 19, 2020. The second original soundtrack album contains 20 tracks and was released on July 14, 2023.
TV Animation Vinland Saga Season 2 Original Soundtrack (TVアニメ「ヴィンランド・サガ」SEASON2 オリジナル・サウンドトラック, TV Anime「Vinrando Saga」SEASON2 Orijinaru・Saundotorakku) was composed by Yutaka Yamada, and released on July 14, 2023, by Fujipacific Music Inc. [ja].
# 2017 Turin stampede

The 2017 Turin stampede (Italian: Tragedia di Piazza San Carlo) occurred on 3 June 2017 when panic emerged in the Piazza San Carlo after a robbery attempt during a screening of the UEFA Champions League Final in Turin, Italy between local team Juventus and Real Madrid. Three people died as a result of the incident, and at least 1,672 people were injured.

## Stampede

The incident occurred at approximately 22:30 local time, about 10 minutes before the end of the match, when panic erupted among those at Piazza San Carlo, leading to a stampede. During the panic, a railing of stairs leading to an underground parking garage gave way, causing additional injuries.
Although the panic was initially thought to be caused by the noise of firecrackers, it was later determined to be caused by a robbery attempt of shooting pepper spray into the crowd to steal valuables among the public, and someone shouting that a bomb had gone off may have fueled the panic.

## Casualties

At least 1,672 people were injured, including seven who were seriously injured. On 15 June, less than two weeks after the stampede, a 38-year-old woman, Erika Pioletti, died in hospital of her sustained injuries. Another woman, Marisa Amato, became tetraplegic and eventually died in hospital on 25 January 2019. A man, Anthony Bucci, died on 31 January 2020, in hospital after two years of battling with an amputated foot.

## Investigation

In November 2017, the Prosecutor Office of Turin started a formal investigation involving around twenty suspects, included the mayor Chiara Appendino and the police chief Angelo Sanna.
On 13 April 2018, eight people were arrested on charges of triggering mass panic to commit a robbery using pepper spray. One of them confessed the crime. The suspects were identified by telephone interceptions, in one of which a gold necklace stolen in the event was mentioned.
On 17 May 2019, Sohaib Bouimadaghen, Hamza Belghazi and Mohammed Machmachi were sentenced to 10 years, 4 months and 20 days in prison, and Aymene El Sahibi to 10 years, 3 months and 24 days in prison.

## Reactions

Some older Juventus fans said the stampede had evoked painful memories of the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985, when 39 people, mostly Italians and Juventus supporters, were crushed against a collapsing wall by English hooligans in Brussels, Belgium, before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final between Juventus and Liverpool.
On 14 May 2019, the two first victims of the tragedy were commemorated with a plaque in the square.
# Punjab Roadways

Punjab Roadways is a public bus transport service that operates under the Ministry of Transport of the Government of Punjab. It was founded in 1948. Established with an initial fleet of 13 buses, the organization expanded in the 1980s, peaking at 2,407 buses by 1985.
The agency has played a significant role in providing state transportation services, offering employment opportunities for drivers, conductors, and technicians, thereby contributing to the regional economy.

## History

Historical Challenges and Fleet Adjustments During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Punjab Roadways faced operational challenges due to civil unrest, including the loss of 38 buses to violence and subsequent curtailment of services, particularly during evening hours. A lack of regular vehicle replacement further deteriorated fleet conditions, resulting in a substantial number of overaged buses by the late 1990s. To counter this, the government initiated the addition of 1,100 new buses through Punjab State Bus Stand Management Company Ltd. (PUNBUS), although only 534 buses were acquired by 1999 due to financial constraints. By 1999, Punjab Roadways was compelled to ground 150 aging buses, with further reductions in 2002, bringing the fleet count down significantly.

## PUNBUS

PUNBUS was established as a subsidiary to manage loans for fleet expansion and to modernize the infrastructure. In 2005-06, PUNBUS secured a ₹40 crore loan from Oriental Bank of Commerce, which enabled the addition of 360 new buses, deployed on routes managed by Punjab Roadways. These additions improved the operational efficiency and coverage of public transportation services across Punjab.
In 2023, Government of Punjab decided to merge 587 debt-free buses of PUNBUS to Punjab Roadways.

## Welfare schemes

Punjab Roadways offers concessional and free travel options to eligible groups, including students, elderly citizens, and individuals with disabilities. The government has subsidized these concessions to ensure accessible transport across demographics.
# Wu (kana)

kana gojūon :
| wa | ra | ya | ma | ha | na | ta | sa | ka | a |
| wi | ri | (yi) | mi | hi | ni | chi | shi | ki | i |
| (wu) | ru | yu | mu | fu | nu | tsu | su | ku | u |
| we | re | (ye) | me | he | ne | te | se | ke | e |
| wo | ro | yo | mo | ho | no | to | so | ko | o |
| | | | n | | | | | | |
Kana modifiers and marks :
sokuonfu (gemination)
yōon (palatalization)
chōonpu (vowel lengthener)
Iteration marks
dakuten/handakuten (voiced & semi-voiced marks) :
Multi-moraic kana :
iu
kashiko
koto
sama
shite
toki
tomo
nari
mairasesoro
yori :
vte :
Wu (hiragana: 𛄟, katakana: 𛄢) is a Japanese mora or a kana used to write it, though it has never been in standard use.

## History

It is presumed that 𛄟 would have represented /β̞u/. Along with 𛀆 and 𛀁 (yi and ye respectively), the mora wu has no officially recognized kana, as these morae do not occur in native Japanese words; however, during the Meiji period, linguists almost unanimously agreed on the kana for yi, ye, and wu. 𛀆 and wu are thought to have never occurred as morae in Japanese, and 𛀁 was merged with え and エ.

## Characters

In the Edo period and the Meiji period, some Japanese linguists tried to separate kana u and kana wu. The shapes of characters differed with each linguist. 𛄟 and 𛄢 were just two of many shapes.
They were phonetic symbols to fill in the blanks of the gojuon table. Japanese people didn't separate them in normal writing.
* u
** Traditional kana
*** う (Hiragana)
*** 𛀋 (A variant form of う. Hiragana.)
*** 𛀍 (A variant form of う. Hiragana.)
*** ウ (Katakana)
** Constructed kana
*** (A part of 傴. Katakana.)
* wu
** Traditional kana
*** う (Hiragana)
*** 𛀋 (A variant form of う. Hiragana.)
*** ウ (Katakana)
*** 𛄢 (An old variant form of ウ. Katakana.)
** Constructed kana
*** ゔ(う with dots. Hiragana.)
*** 𛄟 (A cursive script style of 汙. Hiragana.)
*** (A cursive script style of 紆. Hiragana.)
*** (A cursive script style of 迂. Hiragana,)
*** (A cursive script style of 卯. Hiragana.)
*** ヴ(ウ with dots. Katakana.)
These suggestions were not accepted.

## Unicode

This kana has been encoded into Unicode 14.0 since September 14, 2021 as HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU (U+1B11F), and KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU (U+1B122).
# 1941 Montana State Bobcats football team

The 1941 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State College (later renamed Montana State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1941 college football season. In its 12th and final season under head coach Schubert R. Dyche, the team compiled a 1–4–2 record (1–2–1 against RMC opponents). Brick Breeden was assistant coach. Carl Fjeld was the frosh coach.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | Western State (CO) | Gatton FieldBozeman, MT | W 19–0 | |
| October 4 | Colorado Mines | Gatton FieldBozeman, MT | T 0–0 | |
| October 11 | at Colorado College | Washburn FieldColorado Springs, CO | L 7–28 | |
| October 17 | at Colorado State–Greeley | Jackson FieldGreeley, CO | L 6–7 | |
| October 25 | Montana | Butte High StadiumButte, MT (rivalry) | L 13–23 | > 6,000 |
| November 11 | at Idaho Southern Branch* | Spud BowlPocatello, ID | T 13–13 | |
| November 22 | at Idaho | Public School FieldBoise, ID | L 0–39 | 5,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# Tatsuya Imai

Tatsuya Imai (今井 達也, Imai Tatsuya, born May 9, 1998 in Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Saitama Seibu Lions of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
# Tbilisi Art Gallery

The Tbilisi Art Gallery (Georgian: თბილისის სამხატვრო გალერეა), or the National Gallery is an art gallery located on Rustaveli Avenue in Tbilisi. Historically, it is known to Tbilisians as the Blue Gallery, taking its name from the various shades of the blue-green paint previously adorning the facade, although the building is now painted grey.

## History

The history of the National Art Gallery dates back the late 19th century. Its foundation is associated with the famous public figure and Georgian artist Dimitri Shevardnadze.
The building in which it is located was built in 1888 by the decision of the Russian emperor and the Russian Military Historical Museum. The hall of fame was also founded.
The first exhibition of the Art Gallery was held in October 1920. The gallery's exhibition policy was revealed in the early years: exhibitions of Georgian and foreign artists, old and new art periods and what has been valued or entered in the territory of Georgia.

## Architecture

The Gallery between 1880 - 1883 was built for the exhibition of the mibadzvitaa house. The facade of Rustaveli Avenue has a richly decorated decoration and features Baroque art. In the center of the building is the entrance. The two rooms of gallery have a glass ceiling and therefore are illuminated with sunlight.

## Present

In 2007, the Tbilisi Art Gallery joined the National Museum of Georgia. A large-scale reconstruction of the gallery building was planned, which resulted in improvements to the central facade and exhibition space.
The building has also grown at the expense of gardening. The new exhibition space was created as a result of the reconstruction. The renovated gallery consists of eight rooms, a restoration laboratory, the necessary storage to organize temporary exhibitions, a training space, and an open shop.
On November 7, 2006, according to the Decree of the President of Georgia, obtained the category of Monuments of National Importance of Georgia.
# Conflation (statistics)

In statistics, conflation refers to the merging of independent probability density functions using simple multiplication of the constituent densities. Unfortunately, conflation generates a joint density that suffers from a mean-biased expected value and an overly optimistic standard deviation. This shortcoming is satisfactorily solved by the coalescense method.
# Shiraz County

Shiraz County (Persian: شهرستان شیراز) is in Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Shiraz.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Kavar District was separated from the county in the establishment of Kavar County; Korbal District to establish Kharameh County; and Sarvestan District in establishing Sarvestan County. The villages of Khaneh Zenyan and Sadra were elevated to city status.
After the 2016 census, Zarqan District was separated from the county in the establishment of Zarqan County. Additionally, Siyakh Darengun Rural District was separated from the Central District in the formation of Siyakh Darengun District, including the new Darengun Rural District.
In 2024, Darian Rural District and the city of Darian were separated from the Central District to form Darian District, including the new Tarbor Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 1,676,927 in 427,268 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,700,687 people in 481,239 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 1,869,001 in 567,567 households.

### Administrative divisions

Shiraz County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Shiraz County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 1,442,842 | 1,625,807 | 1,788,411 |
| Bid Zard RD | 18,468 | 20,690 | 22,063 |
| Darian RD | 8,712 | 8,622 | 7,636 |
| Derak RD | 126,191 | 23,375 | 11,451 |
| Kaftarak RD | 32,436 | 10,043 | 14,485 |
| Qarah Bagh RD | 31,337 | 40,300 | 54,630 |
| Siyakh Darengun RD | 10,890 | 12,576 | 10,674 |
| Darian (city) | 9,926 | 9,557 | 10,037 |
| Sadra (city) | | 39,979 | 91,863 |
| Shiraz (city) | 1,204,882 | 1,460,665 | 1,565,572 |
| Arzhan District | 23,166 | 22,554 | 23,461 |
| Dasht-e Arzhan RD | 4,901 | 4,882 | 4,571 |
| Kuh Mareh Sorkhi RD | 9,034 | 7,488 | 7,009 |
| Qarah Chaman RD | 9,231 | 6,814 | 7,854 |
| Khaneh Zenyan (city) | | 3,370 | 4,027 |
| Darian District | | | |
| Darian RD | | | |
| Tarbor RD | | | |
| Darian (city) | | | |
| Kavar District | 72,423 | | |
| Farmeshkan RD | 6,300 | | |
| Kavar RD | 23,118 | | |
| Tasuj RD | 20,847 | | |
| Kavar (city) | 22,158 | | |
| Korbal District | 57,372 | | |
| Dehqanan RD | 7,614 | | |
| Kheyrabad RD | 5,841 | | |
| Korbal RD | 15,616 | | |
| Sofla RD | 6,618 | | |
| Kharameh (city) | 21,683 | | |
| Sarvestan District | 34,452 | | |
| Kuhenjan RD | 6,692 | | |
| Maharlu RD | 4,032 | | |
| Sarvestan RD | 6,882 | | |
| Sarvestan (city) | 16,846 | | |
| Siyakh Darengun District | | | |
| Darengun RD | | | |
| Siyakh RD | | | |
| Zarqan District | 46,672 | 52,065 | 56,104 |
| Band-e Amir Rural District | 9,085 | 8,289 | 7,554 |
| Rahmatabad RD | 6,597 | 6,168 | 6,212 |
| Zarqan RD | 6,154 | 1,726 | 1,092 |
| Lapui (city) | 4,975 | 6,924 | 8,985 |
| Zarqan (city) | 19,861 | 28,958 | 32,261 |
| Total | 1,676,927 | 1,700,687 | 1,869,001 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# The House on Maple Street

"The House on Maple Street" is a science fiction short story by American writer Stephen King, published in his collection Nightmares & Dreamscapes. The first volume of the anthology's audiobook includes the story, read by the author's wife, Tabitha King.

## Background

The story was inspired by one of the drawings included in the children's book The Mysteries of Harris Burdick, by Chris Van Allsburg. It was later included in the 2011 book The Chronicles of Harris Burdick: Fourteen Amazing Authors Tell the Tales, along with stories by other high-profile writers, including Tabitha King, inspired by the other illustrations.
The story also draws inspiration from Richard Matheson’s 1952 short story "Shipshape Home."

## Plot summary

After a summer spent abroad, the four Bradbury children return to their home on Maple Street. They discover that something is growing upwards through the house's walls from below, replacing wood and plaster with metal and machinery, counting down to some cataclysmic event. While the children are fearful of the phenomenon, Trent, the eldest, realizes they have an opportunity to rid both themselves and their beleaguered mother of the tyrannical Lewis "Lew" Evans, their hated and feared stepfather. As the countdown approaches its final minutes, they contrive to lock Lew in his study and leave him to his fate, escaping the house just in time to watch as it raises itself from its foundations and blasts away into the clouds. The story ends with the children waiting on the curb for their mother to return, shaken but glad to be free from Lew's oppressive rule.

## Reception

The New York Times reviewer Leonard S. Marcus called the story "a blissed-out tale of revenge."
# Harry P. Gamble

Harry Pollard "Hubby" Gamble Jr. (March 22, 1904 – April 9, 1995) was a college football player, boxer, and attorney. He also participated in swimming and gymnastics. He then coached all these sports at his high school. Gamble was inducted into the Tulane University Athletics Hall of Fame in 1980 and the Greater New Orleans Sports Hall of Fame in 1983.

## Early years

Harry Pollard Gamble, Jr. was born on March 22, 1904, in New Orleans, Louisiana, the third child of Harry Pollard Gamble, Sr. and Dorothy Edna Brian.
His father Harry Senior was a politician. He played on LSU football teams in 1894–95 and served in the Spanish–American War. He was appointed assistant attorney general in the state of Louisiana under Ruffin G. Pleasant. Following the Supreme Court ruling on Brown v. Board of Education, Gamble Senior devoted himself to the cause of segregation and preservation of state's rights, founding the American Society for the Preservation of State Government and Racial Integrity in 1955. Gamble, Jr. described himself and his father as "segregationists up to the hilt." His son, Harry P. Gamble III, was a leader in the segregationist Citizens' Council of New Orleans.

## Tulane University
### Football

Gamble was a prominent end for the Tulane Green Wave football team of Tulane University. He was once a law partner of former teammate and famed Tulane quarterback Lester Lautenschlaeger. Gamble was president of the Tulane Alumni Association from 1957 to 1958.

#### 1925

When Tulane beat Northwestern in 1925, a year in which it was Southern Conference Co-Champion, Chicago sportswriters "agreed that it was the best blocking team displayed there in ages, and it was Harry Gamble who did the lion's share of cutting down the opponents." "That year, with his girl bride in the stands, he played like a demon. Not an inch was gained around him all season." Tulane Stadium was dedicated to the 1925 team.

#### 1926

Gamble was captain and All-Southern in 1926, the first season of Tulane Stadium. He played across from Gordon "Doc" Wilson at end. Gamble was the only captain in major football to be married, eloping to marry a miss Gretchen Bush. Coach Clark Shaughnessy joked, "If I ever get a bad Tulane team I think I'll hold eleven weddings and make them champions." One description of his play reads "Not an inch was gained around his end last year by any Tulane enemy. And many a touchdown was scored around that end through Harry Gamble's magnificent interference." Gamble was also called "a wizard at picking forward passes out of the ether."

### Boxing

Gamble coached boxing at Tulane for four years.

### Swimming and gymnastics

He was also on the varsity swimming and gymnastics teams.

## High school coach

After college, Gamble coached football, gymnastics, swimming and diving at his alma mater, Warren Easton High School. He is listed among the great coaches in New Orleans high school football history. One source labels him "an expert gymnast" for coaching a seven time rope climbing champion.