OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stacker 2

Stacker 2 is an energy supplement company developed by NVE Pharmaceuticals in 1997. It got its name from "Stacking" which was what bodybuilders routinely engaged in by stacking and ingesting Ephedrine HCL, caffeine and aspirin to acquire more energy for a workout. It gained popularity in the early 2000s using WWE wrestlers, NASCAR drivers such as Kenny Wallace and other celebrities in their advertisements.

## History

In August 2005, NVE Pharmaceuticals was sued by a woman that suffered a hemorrhagic stroke. In 2005, NVE Pharmaceuticals filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy under the pressure from lawsuits.
In 2006, Stacker 2 released the "6 hour power energy shot". In June 2006, NVE Pharmaceuticals sued Joseph R. Gannascoli because he wasn't doing enough to promote Stacker 2.
In 2010, it was the 2nd best selling energy shot behind 5-hour Energy.
In 2016, it lost a $22 million lawsuit against the Plaintiff 5-Hour Energy which accused Stacker 2 of infringement on its trademark.
# 1982–83 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season

The 1982–83 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 44th season of ice hockey in Norway. 10 teams participated in the league, and Furuset IF won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Furuset IF | 36 | 24 | 1 | 11 | 224:126 | 49 |
| 2. | Sparta Sarpsborg | 36 | 23 | 2 | 11 | 193:121 | 48 |
| 3. | Vålerenga Ishockey | 36 | 22 | 0 | 14 | 201:157 | 44 |
| 4. | SK Djerv | 36 | 21 | 1 | 14 | 210:151 | 43 |
| 5. | Frisk Asker | 36 | 20 | 3 | 13 | 175:130 | 43 |
| 6. | Manglerud Star Ishockey | 36 | 21 | 0 | 15 | 193:184 | 42 |
| 7. | Viking IK | 36 | 14 | 6 | 16 | 158:143 | 34 |
| 8. | Stjernen | 36 | 13 | 3 | 20 | 152:174 | 29 |
| 9. | Storhamar Ishockey | 36 | 12 | 2 | 22 | 165:240 | 26 |
| 10. | Hasle-Løren Idrettslag | 36 | 0 | 2 | 34 | 119:364 | 2 |

## Playoffs

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Furuset IF | 2 |
| Vålerenga Ishockey | 0 | | |
| Vålerenga Ishockey | 0 | Furuset IF | 2 |
| | | Sparta Sarpsborg | 0 |
| Sparta Sarpsborg | 2 | Sparta Sarpsborg | 0 |
| SK Djerv | 0 | | |
| SK Djerv | 0 | Third place | Third place |
| | | Vålerenga Ishockey | 2 |
| | | Djerv | 0 |

## Relegation

* Rosenborg IHK - Storhamar Dragons 0:2 (2:8, 2:4)
# Mohammed Elshahat

1- Personal Memoir
* Date of Birth : 1/2/1941
* Married and has four children (two sons and two daughters)
2- Military Education
* Received number of advanced AD courses
* AD battalion commander course from the Govorov Air Defense Academy in the Soviet Union 1969-1971
* AD Brigade commander course
* Staff course from command and staff college
* Fellowship degree from Nasser Academy (War college)
* High commander course from Nasser Academy
3- Main Posts
* Commander of AD Missile Battery and Battalion during Attrition War and 6th Oct. War.
* Commander of AD Missile Brigade
* Commander of AD Division
* Chief of AD Training Department
* Director Manager of AD College
* Chief of staff of AD Forces in June 1994
* Commander of AD Forces in April. 1996
4- Battle Field Experience
* June 1967 War
* October 1973 War
5- Decoration Awarded
* Medal of Excellent Service
* Merit of Long Service and Good Example
* Merit of Training
* Merit of Military Duty
# Feliks Volkhovsky

Feliks Vadimovich Volkhovsky (Russian: Феликс Вадимович Волховский; 1846 in Poltava – July 21 (August 3), 1914) was a Ukrainian and Russian revolutionary, journalist and writer.

## Life and work

Volkhovsky became involved in radical student politics in St Petersburg in the 1860s. In 1867, he co-founded the 'One Rouble Society' with German Lopatin; it was dedicated to propaganda and educational work among the masses. After several arrests, Volkhovsky moved to Odessa in 1873, where he organised a circle affiliated with the Circle of Tchaikovsky. One of the members of Volkhovsky's Odessa group was Andrei Zhelyabov, later one of the principal organisers of the assassination of Tsar Alexander II.
Volkhovsky was arrested again in 1874 and was a defendant at the 1878 'Trial of the 193'. Banished to Siberia, he escaped in 1889 via America. Volkhovsky was involved in 'Land and Liberty' and, when that group split in 1879, in 'The People's Will'. After escaping from Siberia, he made his way to Western Europe, eventually settling in London. He worked for the Free Russian Press and was a close friend and collaborator of the revolutionary writer S.M. Stepniak-Kravchinsky. In fact, Stepniak was on his way to visit Volkhovsky when he was killed by a train in 1895. Volkhovsky thereafter took over Stepniak's editorial duties at the journal Free Russia.
Volkhovsky served as a bridge-builder within the Russian opposition movement and between Russian radicals and the Western European public. He was in contact with older Russian émigrés of the generation of A.I. Herzen and young 'nihilists', with anarchists as well as political revolutionaries, with Russian social revolutionaries as well as liberals. He helped bring together Russian and Ukrainian social revolutionaries, protested against pogroms in Russia and resisted anti-Semitic tendencies in the Russian revolutionary movement. He also did his best to represent the Russian opposition movement to the West, maintaining contacts with British, French and German socialist parties, contributing articles to British and Americal papers (including The New York Times) and writing pamphlets aimed at the Western audience. He was involved in the Anglo-American Society of Friends of Russian Freedom. In the early 1900s (decade), Volkhovsky joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.
# Sunanda Sanyal

Sunanda Sanyal (1 February 1934 – 22 March 2022) was an Indian eminent academic, essayist, social activist and columnist from West Bengal.

## Life

Sanyal was born into an illustrious family of Pabna in British India (now in Bangladesh) on 1 February 1934. He completed his schooling at Pabna and came to Kolkata for higher studies and thereafter at Hyderabad and Leeds University.
Sanyal did his graduation and post-graduation in English literature from University of Calcutta. He got his postgraduate DTE degree from English and Foreign Languages University at Hyderabad in the early 1970s.

## Career

Sanyal started his career as a teacher in English at the Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira at Belur Math. He was also a part-time English lecturer in University of Calcutta and University of Burdwan at Burdwan. He wrote articles on different social issues in different English and vernacular newspapers.
Sanyal opposed the Left Front government’s decision not to teach English in the primary classes. As a member of the state education commission, he gave his note of dissent on the LF government’s English language policy decision for which he was upbraided by the chairman of the commission, Ashok Mitra, the then Minister of the LF government.
Sanyal was also closely involved with the All Bengal Save Education Committee headed by Tarunkanti Naskar. Professor Sanyal had always wanted proper education for poor rural children. Because of his prolonged opposition against the LF government’s education policy, the government was finally forced to bring back English in the primary level.
Sanyal, along with several others, formed Ganamukti Parishad to support the movements launched by Mamata Banerjee in Singur, Nandigram and Jungle mahal. He visited these areas and took part in rallies and meetings to create public opinion.

## Death

Sanyal was suffering from old age-related ailments, was admitted to a private hospital in Salt Lake area on 26 February. He was diagnosed with sepsis and multiple-organ failure. He died on 22 March 2022.
Former advocate general Bimal Chatterjee described Sanyal as a perfect gentleman of high moral values and integrity and a repository of knowledge.
# Cloughoughter Castle

Cloughoughter Castle (Irish: Cloch Locha Uachtair, meaning 'stone castle of Loch Uachtair') is a ruined circular castle on a small island in Lough Oughter, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the town of Killeshandra in County Cavan, Ireland.

## History
### Origins and construction

The castle is located in the historic Kingdom of Breifne, specifically in the part that would later be subdivided into East Breifne, roughly corresponding to County Cavan. The spot may have been a crannóg, or an artificially created island, and it is possible there was fortification there as early as the sixth century. In the latter part of the 12th century, it was owned by the O'Rourkes, but early in the 13th century seems to have come into the hands of the Anglo-Norman de Lacy family. Architectural elements from the lower two stories show construction may have started as early as the first quarter of the 13th century.
In 1233, the O'Reilly clan took possession of the area and completed the castle. They retained it for centuries in the midst of their ongoing conflicts with the O'Rourkes, and with members of their own clan. It was there that Philip O'Reilly was imprisoned in the 1360s with "no allowance save a sheaf of oats for day and night and a cup of water, so that he was compelled to drink his own urine."

### Post-1610

After the land confiscations that followed the Plantation of Ulster in 1610, Cloughoughter was granted to Captain Hugh Culme. In 1641, Philip O'Reilly, MP for Cavan and a prominent leader of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, seized control of the castle, which he held until 1653. During this phase of its existence, it was used as a jail, with Culme himself being one of the prisoners, along with his son-in-law Henry Jones. Another was William Bedell, Bishop of Kilmore in the Church of Ireland, who died in February 1642, evidently due to inadequate shelter from the cold winter.
In 1649 Owen Roe O'Neill, commander of the Ulster Army died at the castle. In March 1653, it was besieged by Commonwealth forces under Sir Theophilus Jones, brother of Henry and thus related by marriage to the Culme family. It was the last major Confederacy position to surrender on 27 April.
Jones set up his artillery in the nearby townland of Innishconnell and the damage caused by cannon shot remains to this day. Left in ruins, the castle became a frequent subject of art in the 18th and 19th centuries. Its visual impact was described in a travelogue published in The Dublin University Magazine in 1852:
   It stands on a small island, scarce three hundred feet in diameter, just sufficient to contain the castle and a small margin of rock around it. The island stands in very deep water; the shores are a mile distant, wild, yet thickly wooded. The castle is a beautiful ruin, round, massive, hoary, save where mantled with rich Irish ivy. The walls are immensely thick, with embrasures and coved windows, round which "ruin greenly dwells." It is unlike most Irish castles, which are square.
Conservation efforts were begun on the castle in 1987. The structure is protected under the National Monuments Act.
# Nathan Korn

Nathan Korn (1893-1941) was an American architect and builder in New York City.

## Early life

Korn was educated at Cooper Union and Columbia University.

## Career

He was known for reconstructing Russeks department stores in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Chicago. His firm designed and built residential apartment buildings in Manhattan.

### Selected works

* 944 Fifth Avenue
* The Bolivar, 230 Central Park West
* 327 Central Park West
* 6-16 W 77th Street
# Football in Rio de Janeiro

Football is the most popular sport, both in terms of participants and spectators, in Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro has several of Brazil's significant football clubs, and the city is home to many football clubs.

## History

Rio de Janeiro has a long football history
Maracanã Stadium, It was the main home venue of the Brazil national football team. Since 2007, Nilton Santos stadium is a important venue.

## Clubs

There are many successful football clubs in Rio de Janeiro:
| Club | League | Venue | Established (team) |
| Botafogo | Campeonato Brasileiro Série A | Estádio Nilton Santos 46,931 (43,810 record) | 1894 |
| Flamengo | Campeonato Brasileiro Série A | Maracanã 78,838 (173,850 record) | 1895 |
| Fluminense | Campeonato Brasileiro Série A | Maracanã 78,838 (173,850 record) | 1902 |
| Vasco da Gama | Campeonato Brasileiro Série A | São Januário 19,717 (40,209 record) | 1898 |
| Madureira | Campeonato Brasileiro Série D | Estádio Aniceto Moscoso 5,400 (10,762 record) | 1914 |
| Bangu | Campeonato Brasileiro Série D | Estádio Moça Bonita 9,564 (17,000 record) | 1904 |
| Portuguesa | Campeonato Brasileiro Série D | Estádio Luso Brasileiro 15,000 (18,725 record) | 1924 |
| Bonsucesso | Campeonato Carioca Série A | Estádio Leônidas da Silva 13,000 (13,571 record) | 1913 |
| America | Campeonato Carioca Série B | Estádio Giulite Coutinho 13,544 (9,861 record) | 1904 |
There are also other clubs in Rio de Janeiro state
* Americano
* Angra dos Reis
* Boavista
* Cabofriense
* Campo Grande
* Casimiro de Abreu
* Duque de Caxias
* Estácio de Sá
* Friburguense
* Goytacaz
* Nova Iguaçu
* Olaria
* Serrano
* São Cristóvão
* Volta Redonda
There were some other club, which are now extinct, in Rio de Janeiro:
* Football and Athletic
* Haddock Lobo
* Mangueira
* Paissandu
* Riachuelo
* Rio Cricket
* Syrio e Libanez
* Villa Isabel

## Club derbies
### Big Four derbies

* Botafogo (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Flamengo (Rio de Janeiro) – Clássico da Rivalidade (The Rivalry Derby)
* Botafogo (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro) – Clássico Vovô (The Grandpa Derby), so-called because it is the oldest derby played in Brazil
* Botafogo (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Vasco (Rio de Janeiro) – Clássico Alvinegro (The Black-and-white Derby)
* Flamengo (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro) – Fla-Flu (The Fla-Flu)
* Flamengo (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Vasco (Rio de Janeiro) – O Clássico dos Milhões (The Classic of Millions), or simply O Clássico (The Classic)
* Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Vasco (Rio de Janeiro) – Clássico dos Gigantes (The Giants Derby)

### Other derbies

* America-RJ (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Bangu (Rio de Janeiro) – Clássico Bisavô (The Great-grandfather Derby), or Clássico Alvirrubro (The Red-and-white Derby)
* America-RJ (Rio de Janeiro) vs. Vasco (Rio de Janeiro) – Clássico da Paz (The Peace Derby)
* Americano (Campos dos Goytacazes) vs. Goytacaz (Campos dos Goytacazes) – Goyta-Cano (The Goyta-Cano), or Clássico da Baía de Campos (The Campos Bay Classic)

## Stadia

* Maracanã Stadium: Hosted the 1950 FIFA World Cup Final and 2014 FIFA World Cup Final
# Roger Evans, Baron Evans of Guisborough

Jeremy Roger Evans, Baron Evans of Guisborough (born 23 Jun 1964) is a British politician who served as Deputy Mayor of London under Boris Johnson from 2015 to 2016. A member of the Conservative Party, he is a former member of the London Assembly for Havering and Redbridge and a former councillor and leader of the Conservative group in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. In December 2024, he was appointed to the House of Lords.

## Early life

Evans was born in Lancashire and moved to London in 1987. He worked for Royal Mail for 10 years before training as a barrister. He was called to the bar in 1997 and is a member of Middle Temple. He worked as a legal advisor to an IT recruitment company from 1998 to 2000.

## London borough councillor

Evans was elected to Waltham Forest London Borough Council for the Valley ward (covering South Chingford) in 1990, 1994, and 1998. He stood for Cann Hall ward in 2002 but was not elected. He was the opposition spokesman on audit (1991), housing (1992), deputy leader (1993) and the leader of the Conservative group 1994–1998.
In May 2006 he was elected to Havering London Borough Council, for the ward of Elm Park and again in 2010.

## Greater London Authority

He was first elected to the London Assembly for Havering and Redbridge in 2000 and retained his seat in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 elections. Until 2008 he was the Conservative spokesman for Transport and the Chairman of the Transport Committee. In September 2007 he was elected Deputy Leader of the Conservative group at City Hall. In 2008 he retained his seat in an election which returned Boris Johnson as London's Mayor and in September 2008 he became leader of the now eleven strong Conservative group, a post he held until 2011. In the 2012 elections he was returned with a reduced majority.
On 13 May 2015, Evans became Deputy Mayor of London, replacing Victoria Borwick who had been elected to parliament.

## Retirement

In 2016, Evans announced his retirement from politics to pursue a career as a public speaking coach.
In 2024, Evans was granted a Life Peerage in the House of Lords by the Conservative Party as part of the 2024 Political Peerages. He was created Baron Evans of Guisborough, oof Guisborough in the County of North Yorkshire on 6 February 2025.
# Paragraf Lex

Paragraf Lex is a Serbian-language computer-assisted legal research service based in Novi Sad. It was the only Serbian law database listed in a 2018 legal reference on Serbian criminal law.
# 1985–86 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season

The 1985–86 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 47th season of ice hockey in Norway. Ten teams participated in the league, and Stjernen won the championship.

## Regular season

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Sparta Sarpsborg | 36 | 26 | 5 | 5 | 257:134 | 57 |
| 2. | Stjernen | 36 | 25 | 0 | 11 | 259:162 | 50 |
| 3. | Frisk Asker | 36 | 21 | 3 | 12 | 229:141 | 45 |
| 4. | Storhamar Ishockey | 36 | 22 | 1 | 13 | 208:144 | 45 |
| 5. | Vålerenga Ishockey | 36 | 19 | 6 | 11 | 170:135 | 44 |
| 6. | Furuset IF | 36 | 17 | 6 | 13 | 168:183 | 40 |
| 7. | Manglerud Star Ishockey | 36 | 15 | 3 | 18 | 158:162 | 33 |
| 8. | Viking IK | 36 | 11 | 4 | 21 | 139:184 | 26 |
| 9. | Hasle-Løren Idrettslag | 36 | 5 | 1 | 30 | 102:242 | 11 |
| 10. | Forward Flyers | 36 | 4 | 1 | 31 | 122:325 | 9 |

## Playoffs

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Stjernen | 2 |
| Storhamar Ishockey | 0 | | |
| Storhamar Ishockey | 0 | Stjernen | 3 |
| | | Frisk Asker | 0 |
| Sparta Sarpsborg | 1 | Frisk Asker | 0 |
| Frisk Asker | 2 | | |
| Frisk Asker | 2 | Third place | Third place |
| | | Not played | |

## Kvalserien

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Hasle-Løren Idrettslag | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 22:9 | 9 |
| 2. | SK Djerv | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 29:14 | 7 |
| 3. | Forward Flyers | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 12:27 | 3 |
| 4. | Bergen | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 13:26 | 1 |
# Lumer–Phillips theorem

In mathematics, the Lumer–Phillips theorem, named after Günter Lumer and Ralph Phillips, is a result in the theory of strongly continuous semigroups that gives a necessary and sufficient condition for a linear operator in a Banach space to generate a contraction semigroup.

## Statement of the theorem

Let A be a linear operator defined on a linear subspace D(A) of the Banach space X. Then A generates a contraction semigroup if and only if
* D(A) is dense in X,
* A is dissipative, and
* A − λ$_0$I is surjective for some λ$_0$> 0, where I denotes the identity operator.
An operator satisfying the last two conditions is called maximally dissipative.

## Variants of the theorem
### Reflexive spaces

Let A be a linear operator defined on a linear subspace D(A) of the reflexive Banach space X. Then A generates a contraction semigroup if and only if
* A is dissipative, and
* A − λ$_0$I is surjective for some λ$_0$> 0, where I denotes the identity operator.
Note that the condition that D(A) is dense is dropped in comparison to the non-reflexive case. This is because in the reflexive case it follows from the other two conditions.

### Dissipativity of the adjoint

Let A be a linear operator defined on a dense linear subspace D(A) of the reflexive Banach space X. Then A generates a contraction semigroup if and only if
* A is closed and both A and its adjoint operator A$^∗$ are dissipative.
In case that X is not reflexive, then this condition for A to generate a contraction semigroup is still sufficient, but not necessary.

### Quasicontraction semigroups

Let A be a linear operator defined on a linear subspace D(A) of the Banach space X. Then A generates a quasi contraction semigroup if and only if
* D(A) is dense in X,
* A is closed,
* A is quasidissipative, i.e. there exists a ω ≥ 0 such that A − ωI is dissipative, and
* A − λ$_0$I is surjective for some λ$_0$ > ω, where I denotes the identity operator.

## Examples

* Consider X = L$^2$([0, 1]; R) with its usual inner product, and let Au = u′ with domain D(A) equal to those functions u in the Sobolev space H$^1$([0, 1]; R) with u(1) = 0. D(A) is dense. Moreover, for every u in D(A),
       $\langle u,Au\rangle =\int _{0}^{1}u(x)u'(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=-{\frac {1}{2}}u(0)^{2}\leq 0,$
    so that A is dissipative. The ordinary differential equation u' − λu = f, u(1) = 0 has a unique solution u in H$^1$([0, 1]; R) for any f in L$^2$([0, 1]; R), namely
       $u(x)={\rm {e}}^{\lambda x}\int _{1}^{x}{\rm {e}}^{-\lambda t}f(t)\,dt$
    so that the surjectivity condition is satisfied. Hence, by the Lumer–Phillips theorem A generates a contraction semigroup.
There are many more examples where a direct application of the Lumer–Phillips theorem gives the desired result.
In conjunction with translation, scaling and perturbation theory the Lumer–Phillips theorem is the main tool for showing that certain operators generate strongly continuous semigroups. The following is an example in point.
* A normal operator (an operator that commutes with its adjoint) on a Hilbert space generates a strongly continuous semigroup if and only if its spectrum is bounded from above.