OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chris Hammer

Chris Hammer (born 1960) is an Australian journalist and writer of crime fiction. He is known for his best-selling Martin Scarsden series of novels.

## Early life and education

Chris Hammer was born in 1960.

## Career

Hammer has a 30-year career as a journalist and has worked for The Bulletin, Fairfax and on the SBS program, Dateline. When writing his crime novels he allows the story to develop, rather than plotting it out in advance.
In 2011 he published a non-fiction book entitled The River.
He wrote the Martin Scarsden series of novels, that have been bestsellers in several countries, starting with Scrublands in 2018.

## Recognition and awards

He won the ACT Book of the Year in 2011 for his non-fiction book The River.
His first novel, Scrublands, won the John Creasey Award at the UK Crime Writers' Association's Dagger Awards in 2019. The Tilt won the 2023 Danger Award for best crime fiction.
The Seven was shortlisted for the 2024 Fiction Indie Book Award.

## Selected works
### Martin Scarsden series

* Scrublands (2018)
* Silver (2019)
* Trust (2020)

### Ivan Lucic and Nell Buchanan series

* Treasure and Dirt (2021) (also published as Opal Country (UK))
* The Tilt (2022) (also published as Dead Man's Creek (UK))
* The Seven (2023) (also published as Cover The Bones (UK))
* The Valley (2024) (also published as The Broken River (UK))

### Non-fiction

* The River (2010)
* The Coast (2012)
# Fort Saratoga

Fort Saratoga was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, nothing remains of the structure.

## Civil War

Fort Saratoga was an earthwork fort part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C. It was located 2 1/2 miles from the city at time, between Fort Bunker Hill and Fort Thayer on the north side of Brentwood Road (now Rhode Island Avenue), east of it crossing Queen's Chapel Road. It was established in August 1861 and built in part by the 112th Pennsylvania Regiment. The fort was 186 feet above mean tide level.
It had room for eight guns with a perimeter of 154 yards. The fort had the following armament:
* Six 32-pounder smoothbore canon (barbette)
* One 42-pounder James gun
* One 24-pounder Coehorn mortar
South of the fort, on the opposite side of the road was Battery Morris.
The following troops were garrisoned at the fort at some point during the Civil War:
* 112th Regiment Pennsylvania - 2nd Heavy Artillery
* 1st District of Columbia Infantry Regiment
* 12th Veteran Reserve Regiment
* 150th Ohio National Guard
* 2nd Company, New Hampshhire Heavy Artillery

## Post Civil War

With the end of the Civil War, the fort was abandoned in 1865.
The field went back to private ownership and in 1902 it was owned by a Mrs. Walsh and used as a cultivated field. Today, it is a residential area with no sign of the fort.
# Jason and Marceline

Jason and Marceline is a 1986 young adult novel by Jerry Spinelli. It is the sequel to Space Station Seventh Grade.

## Plot summary

Jason Herkimer, the main character of Space Station Seventh Grade, is now in ninth grade. His relationship with his friend Marceline McAllister has developed into a real romance. The only trouble is that Jason isn't quite sure what to do with a girlfriend. His friends insist that the main function of a girlfriend is to make out, but Marceline says there's more to life than that.

## Characters

Jason Herkimer - The main protagonist and narrator. He is in ninth grade, and in a relationship with Marceline McAllister.
Marceline McAllister - Jason's girlfriend. She wants Jason to be himself, not who his friends want him to be.
The Gang - Jason's group of wild friends who enjoy drinking, smoking, girls, and parties, some things Jason is not too comfortable with.
# 2754 Efimov

2754 Efimov, provisionally named 1966 PD, is a stony asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 August 1966, by Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Russian aviator Mikhail Efimov.

## Orbit and classification

Efimov orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,214 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.

## Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Efimov is a Sa-type asteroid, which belong to the larger group of S-type asteroids. It is also characterized as a L-type asteroid by PanSTARRS photometric survey.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 4.98 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.92.

### Satellite

Efimov is a binary asteroid. In 2006, astronomers discovered a minor-planet moon around Efimov using lightcurve observations, with a diameter of 1.29 kilometers and an orbital period of 14 hours and 46 minutes.

## Naming

This minor planet named in memory of Russian aviator Mikhail Nikiforovich Efimov (Russian: М. Н. Ефимов; 1881–1919), who was the first to realize steep turns and dives.
The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 31 May 1988 (M.P.C. 13173).
# Malgré Tout

Malgré Tout is an 1898 sculpture by Jesús Fructuoso Contreras, depicting a nude woman lying down struggling against chains to rise.
There are copies in the Museo Nacional de Arte and the Alameda Central, in Mexico City, as well as the Aguascalientes Museum in Aguascalientes, Mexico.
The name "Malgré Tout" is French for "nevertheless" or "in spite of everything". The sculptor created it after losing his right arm.

## Museo Nacional de Arte

The Museo Nacional de Arte has a marble version.

## Alameda Central

Alameda Central has a copy of the sculpture. Contreras' statue Désespoir is also displayed in the park. This was where the original marble sculpture was first displayed before it was moved to the museum.

## Museo Aguascalientes

The Aguascalientes Museum also has a copy of the sculpture.
# Sara Pillon

Sara Pillon (born 23 February 1997) is an Italian professional racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Women's Team Servetto–Stradalli Cycle–Alurecycling.
# Ilya Solovyov

Ilya Ivanovich Solovyov (Russian: Илья Иванович Соловьёв; born 20 July 2000) is a Belarusian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing with the Calgary Wranglers in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). Internationally he played for the Belarusian national team at the 2021 World Championship.

## Playing career

Solovyov played as a youth in Belarus, developing within the Belarus under-20 national squad while participating in the Belarusian Extraliga (BXL). He was selected 53rd overall in the 2019 CHL Import Draft by the Saginaw Spirit of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) and made his North American major junior debut in the following 2019–20 season, where he scored seven goals and had 33 assists for 40 points in 53 games.
He was drafted in the seventh round, 205th overall, in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft by the Calgary Flames and returned to Belarus to play with HC Dinamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). As a rookie in the 2020–21 season, Solovyov recorded 2 goals and 7 assists for 9 points and 36 penalty minutes in 41 games.
Solovyov was signed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Calgary Flames on 6 April 2021. Before the start of the 2024–25 NHL regular season, Solovyov re-signed with the Flames on a two-year contract on 19 September 2024 as a restricted free agent.

## International play

Solovyov represented Belarus at the 2021 IIHF World Championship.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2016–17 | Belarus U20 | BLR | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018–19 | Belarus U20 | BLR | 53 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 30 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019–20 | Saginaw Spirit | OHL | 53 | 7 | 33 | 40 | 35 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | Dinamo Minsk | KHL | 41 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2020–21 | Dinamo-Molodechno | BLR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021–22 | Stockton Heat | AHL | 51 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 24 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2022–23 | Calgary Wranglers | AHL | 68 | 4 | 14 | 18 | 38 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023–24 | Calgary Wranglers | AHL | 51 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 34 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 2023–24 | Calgary Flames | NHL | 10 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| KHL totals | KHL totals | KHL totals | 41 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 10 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2018 | Belarus | U18 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 | Belarus | WJC-D1 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2019 | Belarus | WC-D1 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020 | Belarus | WJC-D1 | | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 2021 | Belarus | WC | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 15 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Senior totals | Senior totals | Senior totals | Senior totals | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
# R. Chandrasekar

R. Chandrasekar Gounder is an Indian politician. He was elected to the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Manapparai constituency in 2011 and retained his seat in the elections of 2016. He represents the AIADMK (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam) party.

## Personal life

R. Chandrasekar Gounder belongs to a Urali Gounder community which is a majority in the Central Districts of Tamil Nadu which comprises the districts of Trichy, Dindigul, Perambalur, Pudukottai, Sivagangai, Salem, Karur and western regions including Erode, Coimbatore, Tiruppur.
# Mausoleum of Ahmad ibn Hanbal

The Mausoleum of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Arabic: ضريح الإمام أحمد بن حنبل) is a mausoleum dedicated to Ahmad ibn Hanbal, the founder of the Hanbali school of Islamic thought. An Ottoman-period construction, the building is located in the Rusafa district of Baghdad, Iraq.
The attribution of the mausoleum to Ahmad ibn Hanbal has been doubted by some historians. However, it is still visited by pilgrims worldwide.

## History
### Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) was an early Muslim scholar, muhaddith and the founder of the Hanbali school of thought. He was buried in the cemetery at Bab al-Harb alongside other Muslim scholars and ascetics like Bishr al-Hafi. In the 13th century, the traveller Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned the existence of the grave of Ahmad ibn Hanbal in the cemetery. The location of Bab al-Harb has been identified to be located in the Kadhimiya district, near to the tombs of Musa al-Kadhim and Bishr al-Hafi.

### Construction of the mausoleum

According to the traveller Ibn Battuta, there had been many attempts to construct a mausoleum over the grave of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, but zealous locals would demolish the structure after it had been erected. The current mausoleum is a room located in a small Ottoman-period mosque, known as the Aref Agha Mosque (Arabic: مسجد عارف أغا). It was reconstructed in 1998.
Local tradition narrates that in 1937, the cemetery of Bab al-Harb had been flooded and hence the bodies had to be reburied; with Ahmad ibn Hanbal's body taken to the Aref Agha Mosque and reburied in a room there. However, no evidence has been found for this story, leading to modern historians doubting it. Additionally, the historian and scholar al-Bandaniji (d. 1866) stated that Ahmad ibn Hanbal was buried in an unmarked grave at the Bab al-Harb that had its marker swept away over time, leaving no trace of its existence; the cemetery did not survive as well according to al-Bandaniji himself.

### Current state

The mausoleum had entered a rather dilapidated and unfurnished state over time, with the only visits being pilgrims who had come to perform ziarat to the graves of the holy saints in Baghdad. In 2021, Al Jazeera reported that the mausoleum received less visits than usual due to the pandemic. Additionally, Al Jazeera stated that the last renovation of the mausoleum was in 2010 with the locals refusing to restore it due to the Hanbali school's prohibition on domed mausoleums.

## Architecture

The mosque and mausoleum structure is built in the Ottoman style, with an area of 300 square metres. It has a small courtyard. The building has a small dome topping it. The main entrance to the mosque is very narrow. Inside, the tomb of Ahmad ibn Hanbal is located in the main room behind the qibla wall. The marble tombstone atop the grave is covered with layers of cloth and silk, all of which were donated over time by the various pilgrims visiting the site.
# Conalia melanops

Conalia melanops is a species of tumbling flower beetle in the family Mordellidae, found in North America.
# Sirius Real Estate

Sirius Real Estate is a large property company investing in business parks in Germany and the United Kingdom.

## History

The company was established in February 2007, and was listed on the Alternative Investment Market in May 2007. In 2014, the company launched a listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The company had acquired 40 business parks in Germany by the time it transferred to the main market in March 2017. In March 2019, the company entered into a joint venture to invest in business parks in Germany with AXA Investment Managers.
In November 2021, the company acquired the UK-based property business, BizSpace.

## Operations

The company's investment portfolio was valued at £2.2 billion as at 31 March 2024.
# V. V. Ganeshananthan

V. V. Ganeshananthan (born 1980) is an American fiction writer, essayist, and journalist. Her work has appeared in many leading newspapers and journals, including Granta, The Atlantic Monthly, and The Washington Post.
Ganeshananthan is the author of Love Marriage, a novel set in Sri Lanka and North America, which was published by Random House in April 2008. Love Marriage was named one of The Washington Post Book World's Best of 2008 and appeared on the longlist for the Orange Prize. It was also selected as a Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers Pick.
Ganeshananthan's second novel, Brotherless Night, is set in the early years of the Sri Lankan civil war and was published by Penguin Random House in January 2023. Selected as a New York Times Editors' Choice book, it won the 2024 Carol Shields Prize for Fiction and the 2024 Women's Prize for Fiction.

## Biography

Ganeshananthan graduated from Harvard College in 2002, where she served as managing editor of The Harvard Crimson, and later earned her M.F.A. at the University of Iowa in 2005. In 2007, she earned another master's degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, where she was a Bollinger Fellow specializing in arts and culture journalism.
She was the Zell Visiting Professor of Creative Writing at the University of Michigan through 2014. In 2015, she began teaching at the University of Minnesota.
She is a past vice president of the South Asian Journalists Association and now serves on the board of the Asian American Writers' Workshop, as well as on the graduate board of The Harvard Crimson.

## Work
### Love Marriage

Ganeshananthan began Love Marriage as part of her senior thesis at Harvard University under the direction of Jamaica Kincaid. In a series of vignettes, Ganeshananthan's novel chronicles how Sri Lankan politics have affected and continue to affect a particular family. Its narrator, Yalini, is a young woman born to Sri Lankan parents in New York on July 23, 1983—the same day as one of the most violent episodes in the Sri Lankan Civil War, Black July. The novel follows Yalini and her family from suburban America to Toronto, where they reunite with an uncle who has left Sri Lanka after a life of militancy with the Tamil Tigers.

### Brotherless Night

Ganeshananthan worked on Brotherless Night for nearly 20 years before its publication on January 3, 2023. The novel follows sixteen-year-old Sashikala "Sashi" whose dream of becoming a doctor is disrupted when her four brothers are swept up by the early years of the Sri Lankan Civil War. Sashi begins work at a field hospital for the minority Tamil militants before she is convinced by a feminist Tamil medical school professor to join her dangerous journey documenting human rights violations.
# Laura de Witte

Laura de Witte (pronounced; born 7 August 1995) is a Dutch sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres. She competed at the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics. De Witte was born in Leek, Netherlands. Her older sister, Lisanne de Witte, is also a 400 m sprinter.

## Career

In June 2016, De Witte won the silver medal in the 400 m at the Dutch Championships. Her time of 53.47 seconds ranked second behind only her sister Lisanne.
De Witte competed at the European Championships in July 2016. In the 200 metres, she finished 16th in the semifinals and did not advance to the final. She ran in the heats and the final of the women's 4 × 400 metres relay, and the Dutch team finished seventh.
In August 2016, De Witte competed at the Summer Olympics, running in the heats of the women's 4 × 400 metres relay. The Dutch team did not advance to the final.
In July 2017, De Witte competed in the 400 m at the European U23 Championships. She ran her personal best time of 52.15 s in the heats to qualify for the final. In the final, she ran 52.51 s to win the bronze medal.
In August 2017, De Witte competed at the World Championships. She ran in the heats of the women's 4 × 400 metres relay, in which the Dutch team was disqualified.
In August 2018, De Witte competed at the European Championships. She ran in the heats of the 400 m. She had a time of 52.57 s and did not advance to the semifinals.
In July 2019, De Witte competed in the 400 m at the Summer Universiade. She finished 16th in the semifinals at 54.45 s and did not advance to the final.
In June 2021, De Witte won the silver medal in the 400 m at the Dutch Championships with a time of 53.38 s, finishing behind her sister Lisanne. Laura was then named to the Olympic team.
In August 2021, De Witte competed at the Summer Olympics. She ran in the heats and the final of the women's 4 × 400 metres relay, and the Dutch team finished sixth.
In August 2022, De Witte competed at the 2022 European Championships. She ran in the heats of the women's 4 × 400 metres relay. The Dutch team finished first in the final, earning a gold medal for De Witte.
De Witte struggled during the 2024 season and was unable to break 56.00 s in the 400 m. She did not make the Olympic team.

## Personal bests

* 100 metres – 11.88 (+0.1 m/s, Oordegem, Lede 2016)
* 200 metres – 23.23 (+0.9 m/s, Amsterdam 2016)
* 400 metres – 52.15 (Bydgoszcz 2017)
** 400 metres indoor – 53.63 (Apeldoorn 2018)
# Thoroughfare

A thoroughfare is a primary passage or way of transport, whether by road on dry land or, by extension, via watercraft or aircraft. Originally, the word referred to a main road or open street which was frequented thoroughly.

## Different terms

* Roads, route or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved for travel
* Boardwalk
* Bridle path, for equestrian use
* Canopy walkway
* Cycleway, for use by cyclists
* Footpath, for use only by pedestrians
* Foreshoreway, a greenway along the edge of the sea, open to both walkers and cyclists
* Greenway, a wilderness area intended for "passive use"
* Highway, depending on jurisdiction, anything from a path (England) to a road restricted to fast motor vehicles
* Hiking trail, trails (footpaths), in the countryside
* Long-distance trail, recreational trail of exceptional length (between 50 km and 1,000 km or more) mainly through rural areas used for hiking, backpacking, cycling, horse riding or cross-country skiing
* Running course, a footway used by runners
* Sidewalk, a path for people to walk along the side of a road
* Shared path – Pathway for pedestrians and cyclists
* Towpath, a path along a canal or river originally used for towing a boat
* Roundabout or traffic circle, a type of intersection that directs both turning and through traffic onto a one-way circular roadway
* Trail/track, a rough path through more wild or remote territory
* Many other types of road
* Strait or channel, a heavily trafficked water route
* Street – Public thoroughfare in a built environment
* Stroad, a street/road hybrid
* Walkway
# Edwin Abbott Abbott

Edwin Abbott Abbott FBA (20 December 1838 – 12 October 1926) was an English schoolmaster, theologian, and Anglican priest, best known as the author of the novella Flatland (1884).

## Early life and education

Edwin Abbott Abbott was the eldest son of Edwin Abbott (1808–1882), headmaster of the Philological School, Marylebone, and his wife, Jane Abbott (1806–1882). His parents were first cousins.
He was born in London and educated at the City of London School and at St John's College, Cambridge, where he took the highest honours of his class in classics, mathematics and theology, and became a fellow of his college. In particular, he was 1st Smith's prizeman in 1861.

## Career

In 1862 he took orders. After holding masterships at King Edward's School, Birmingham, he succeeded G. F. Mortimer as headmaster of the City of London School in 1865, at the early age of 26. There, he oversaw the education of future Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. Abbott was Hulsean lecturer in 1876.
He retired in 1889, and devoted himself to literary and theological pursuits. Abbott's open-minded inclinations in theology were prominent both in his educational views and in his books. His Shakespearian Grammar (1870) is a permanent contribution to English philology. In 1885, he published a life of Francis Bacon. His theological writings include three anonymously published religious romances – Philochristus (1878), where he tried to raise interest in Gospels reading, Onesimus (1882), and Silanus the Christian (1908).
More weighty contributions are the anonymous theological discussion The Kernel and the Husk (1886), Philomythus (1891), his book The Anglican Career of Cardinal Newman (1892), and his article "The Gospels" in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, embodying a critical view which caused considerable stir in the English theological world. He also wrote St Thomas of Canterbury, His Death and Miracles (1898), Johannine Vocabulary (1905), and Johannine Grammar (1906).
Abbott also wrote educational textbooks, one being Via Latina: A First Latin Book which was published in 1880 and distributed around the world within the education system.

### Flatland

Abbott's best-known work is his 1884 novella Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions which describes a two-dimensional world and explores the nature of dimensions. It has often been categorized as science fiction although it could more precisely be called "mathematical fiction".
With the advent of modern science fiction from the 1950s to the present day, Flatland has seen a revival in popularity, especially among science fiction and cyberpunk fans. Many works have been inspired by the novella, including novel sequels and short films.