OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sinimäed Hills

The Sinimäed Hills (or Blue Hills; Estonian: Vaivara Sinimäed) are three linked hills in northeastern Estonia. The heights which are aligned west–east, consist of Tornimägi, Põrguaugu mägi (also known as Grenadierimägi) and Pargimägi (also known as Lastekodumägi). They lie in Narva-Jõesuu municipality near the coastal town of Sillamäe in Ida-Viru County.
The hills are best known as the location of the Battle of Tannenberg Line, fought in World War II on July 26–August 12, 1944. There, the German Waffen-SS defeated a Soviet offensive.

## Geography

The Sinimäed hills are gently sloping mounds rather than mountains. Nevertheless, the hills are a dominant landform in the area - the height of the surrounding limestone plateau is on average 30 m above sea level, while the hills are up to 50 m higher. Pargimägi and Põrguaugu mägi are the two higher hills - 85 and 83 m, respectively, while Tornimägi is somewhat lower, 70 m. The ridge is about 3 km long.
The location of the hills on a 5 km wide strip between the Finnish Gulf and the woods and bogs of Alutaguse is the origin of their strategic importance. Tallinn-Narva highway (E20) passes the hills from the north and Tallinn-Tapa-Narva railway from the south.
The hills have at their core huge blocks of limestone, but their geological origin is not clear. They are believed to be formed either by continental glacier (terminal moraine) or by clay diapirs, or by the combination of both factors.

## Military history

The western hill, Tornimägi, had an outpost during the Great Northern War.
During World War I, Pargimägi with its defensive structures was part of Saint Petersburg's preliminary defence line.
The Blue Mountains saw fighting in 1919 in Estonian War of Independence.
Extensive battles took place at the Sinimäed towards the end of World War II. (see Battle of Tannenberg Line). After defending the Narva bridgehead against the Red Army for six months, the German army detachment "Narwa" fell back to the Tannenberg Defensive Line on the hills. In two ferocious battles lasting for 25–31 July and 2–10 August 1944 with a break of a single day, the vastly outnumbered German army group held out under the pressure of the Estonian Operation of the Soviet Leningrad Front.
In German, the eastern hill was known as Kinderheimhöhe, the central hill was Grenadierhöhe and the westernmost known as Liebhöhe. There is a memorial site to commemorate the fallen on the hill of Põrgumägi.
# Atiahu

Atiahu is a village (negeri) in Siwalalat District, East Seram Regency, Maluku. This village is located at a river estuary in Telutih Bay, just north of Bemu (Bemo Perak). This is a fishing village. The Bobot language is spoken by the people of Atiahu and several surrounding villages.
The fam (matarumah) which has the right to be the head of the Atiahu village government comes from the Wailissa fam.

## Etymology

The name Atiahu itself is thought to come from the word ataha, which is the name for a group of people who previously lived around Hatumeten village. They are considered to be indigenous people who inhabit the eastern part of Seram Island. The term ataha for the Atiahu people itself is said to come from the name of the 'holy water' that flows in the land of Atiahu and the word aha itself means 'white' or 'holy'. So Atiahu is a settlement for a group of people who live around the 'holy river'. Thus the term ataha reflects the origins of the population of this country which is said to come from the interior of Seram Island.

## History

According to customs, the country of Atiahu is included in the group of Patalima community. The head of government of the Atiahu village itself is known as jou negeri or tuan raja. Atiahu's existence as a village began in 1683, when datuk Mailemang Wailissa was confirmed as the first king of Atiahu. After becoming king, he held a meeting with the traditional elders to agree on the name of their village. Then, as a result of the meeting, it was agreed that Atiahu would be the name of the village. The name Atiahu itself is considered to have broad meanings, one of which is inviting the "Ataha" people to gather with a purpose invites the Atiahu indigenous people who still live separately in the interior to come down to the coast and unite to form a settlement.

## Community

The following are some fam's (matarumah) who have inhabited the Atiahu village for generations. These matarumah were grouped into three soa.
* Soa Lihin
* Hulukalla
* Henlauw
* Pakalessy
* Tuny
* Soa Mabit
* Lessy
* Louw
* Muar
* Soa Wailissa
* Wailissa (raja; king)
* Wailissa (imam; priest)
* Wailissa (kapitang; captain)

## Geography

Atiahu village is located on the southern coast of East Seram Regency and has an area of around 125 km². It is bordered by Adabai village and Bemo Perak village to the south, Seram Sea, Naiwel Ahinulin village, Elnusa village, and Abulate village to the west, Naiwel Ahinulin village, petuanan land of Banggoi village, petuanan land of Aketernate village to the north, and petuanan land of Werinama village to the east.
# Bemu

Bemu, also known as Bemo Perak, is a small town on the southeastern coast of the Indonesian island of Seram, just to the south of Atiahu. It is one of the principal settlements on Teluti Bay.
# Transport in Suriname

The Republic of Suriname (Dutch: Republiek Suriname) has a number of forms of transport. Transportation emissions are an increasing part of Suriname's contributions to climate change, as part of the Nationally Determined Contributions for the Paris Agreement, Suriname has committed to emissions controls for vehicles and increased public transit investment.

## Railways

* Railways, total: 166 km single track.
** standard gauge: 80 km 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge in West-Suriname, but not in use. This stretch was constructed as part of the West Suriname Plan.
** narrow gauge: 86 km 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Lawa Railway from Onverwacht to Sarakreek, currently not in use. In 2014, a plan had been announced to reopen the line between Onverwacht and Paramaribo Central Station. The intention was for the line to be extended onto Paramaribo Adolf Pengel Airport, but as of May 2020, the project has not started.

### Rail links with adjacent countries

* None

## Highways
### Statistics

* total: 4,304 km (2003)
* paved: 1,119 km (2003)
* highway: 9.6 km (2020)
* unpaved: 3,174 km (2003)
NOTE: Driving is on the left. Suriname and its neighbour Guyana are the only two countries on the (in-land) American continent which still drive on the left.

### Road links with adjacent countries

* Guyana - Yes, ferry from Nieuw-Nickerie to Corriverton.
* Brazil - None.
* French Guiana - Yes, ferry from Albina to Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.

## Waterways

1,200 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways.

### Ports and harbours

* Albina
* Moengo
* Nieuw-Nickerie
* Paramaribo: Jules Sedney Harbour is the main harbour for cargo.
* Paramaribo: Waterkant is used by ferries.
* Paranam
* Wageningen

### Merchant marine

* total: 10 ships.
* ships by type: (2018)
** cargo ship 5
** petroleum tanker 3
** other 2

## Airports

* 55 (2013)
* List of airports in Suriname

### Paved runways

* total: 6
* over 3,047 m: 1
* under 914 m: 5 (2013)

### Unpaved runways

* total: 49
* 914 to 1,523 m: 4
* under 914 m: 45 (2013)
# Kuchchal

Kuchchal also spelled Kuchhal is an Indian clan of the Agrawal community. Agrasen established 18 gotras (clans) for each of his 18 ganadhipati naming them after their Guru and divided his empire among them.
# Faceless kidney sign

The faceless kidney sign is a radiological finding observed on computed tomography imaging, typically in cases of duplex kidney anomalies or renal fusion abnormalities. It refers to the absence of the normal renal sinus structures, such as the renal pelvis and calyces, when viewed in cross-section. This sign is often used to identify conditions affecting the renal anatomy and function.

## Etiology

The faceless kidney sign is most commonly associated with renal fusion anomalies and developmental abnormalities that alter the orientation of the kidney’s collecting system. These include:
* Duplex kidney (Duplicated collecting system): A congenital condition where the kidney has two separate ureters (complete duplication) or a bifid ureter (partial duplication). In a coronal plane, both moieties may be visible, but in axial sections, one of the moieties may lack visible renal sinus structures, creating the faceless kidney sign.
* Horseshoe kidney : A condition in which the lower poles of both kidneys are fused. The fusion alters the normal position of the collecting system, which may cause the absence of the expected renal sinus appearance in axial images.
* Crossed fused renal ectopia: One kidney crosses over to the opposite side and fuses with the other kidney. The abnormal orientation may obscure the renal sinus, leading to the faceless kidney sign.
* Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK): A nonfunctional kidney with multiple cysts and absence of normal renal parenchyma. The lack of normal renal sinus structures may mimic the faceless kidney appearance.
* Tumors and inflammatory conditions: Inflammation and tumor can distort the normal components of renal parenchyma, leading to faceless appearance.

## Imaging features

On axial CT, the affected kidney appears homogeneous, without the normal renal sinus fat, pelvis, or calyces. The absence of the central renal sinus structures gives it a "faceless" appearance.
# Lucia Nevai

Lucia Nevai (born September 11, 1945) is an American novelist and short story writer, native to Des Moines, Iowa. She currently resides in upstate New York. Her novel Salvation was published in 2008 by Tin House Books. Nevai's debut novel, "Seriously," was published in 2004 by Little, Brown. Her short stories have appeared in Tin House, Iowa Review, Zoetrope All-Story, the New Yorker, Glimmer Train, and other literary magazines. Her first collection, Star Game, won the Iowa Short Fiction Award. Her second collection, Normal, was published by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.
# Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center

Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZHU) (radio communications: Houston Center) is located at George Bush Intercontinental Airport at 16600 JFK Boulevard, Houston, Texas, United States 77032. The Houston ARTCC is one of 22 Air Route Traffic Control Centers in the United States. Houston Center is the 8th busiest ARTCC in the United States. In 2024, Houston Center handled 2,338,712 aircraft.
The center controls airspace in southern Texas, Louisiana, southern Mississippi, southwestern Alabama, and areas in the Gulf of Mexico.

## Airports served by the Houston ARTCC
### Commercial airports

* Alabama
** Mobile Regional Airport (Mobile)
* Louisiana
** Alexandria International Airport (Rapides Parish, near Alexandria)
** Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport (Baton Rouge)
** Lafayette Regional Airport (Lafayette)
** Lake Charles Regional Airport (Calcasieu Parish, near Lake Charles)
** Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (Kenner, near New Orleans)
* Mississippi
** Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport (Gulfport)
* Texas
** Austin-Bergstrom International Airport (Austin)
** Southeast Texas Regional Airport (Port Arthur, near Beaumont)
** Brownsville/South Padre Island International Airport (Brownsville)
** Easterwood Field (College Station)
** Corpus Christi International Airport (Corpus Christi)
** Del Rio International Airport (Del Rio)
** Valley International Airport (Harlingen)
** George Bush Intercontinental Airport (Houston)
** William P. Hobby Airport (Houston)
** Laredo International Airport (Laredo)
** McAllen-Miller International Airport (McAllen)
** San Antonio International Airport (San Antonio)
** Scholes International Airport (Galveston)
** Victoria Regional Airport (Victoria)

## Airspace control

vtePlaces adjacent to Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center :
Fort Worth ARTCC
Memphis ARTCC
Atlanta ARTCC
Albuquerque ARTCC
Houston Center
Jacksonville ARTCC
Monterrey FIR
Houston Oceanic :
# Jimmy Brailey

James Albert Brailey (1919–1981) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s.

## Background

Brailey was born in Marrickville, New South Wales, on 10 October 1919.

## Playing career

Brailey came through the Newtown junior ranks to become a first-grade player for Newtown as a hooker. He played seven seasons with Newtown between 1940 and 1947.
Brailey won a premiership with the club in 1943 and was a member of the team that were runners up in 1944. He was a part of a formidable forward pack which included legendary players including Frank Farrell, Gordon MacLennan, Chicka Cahill and Herb Narvo.
Brailey died on 14 January 1981, aged 61.
# Debinash Sangma

Debinash Sangma (Bengali: দেবীনাশ সাংমা; 1936 – 7 August 2005) was a former Bangladeshi football player.

## Early life

Debinash was born in 1936 in Dhairpara village of Dhobaura Upazila in Mymensingh District, British India. He represented the Mymensingh District football team in the East Pakistan inter-district football tournaments starting in 1956.

## Club career

Debinash began his First Division career with Mohammedan SC, having three stints at the club from 1958 to 1959, 1961–1965, and 1968–1969. He won five league titles and three Aga Khan Gold Cup titles during these periods. Debinash also represented Dhaka Wanderers Club in 1966 and Victoria Sporting Club in 1967. Debinash also featured in the 1958 Rovers Cup held in Bombay as a guest player for Keamari Mohammedan.

### Dacca Division

Debinash represented Dacca Division in the National Football Championship from the 1961–62 edition. During the tournament, he was the only East Pakistani player to feature for the eventual champions. Debinash was also present in the team when Dacca defeated Karaci Blues 6–1 in the final held in Karachi. He was also part of the team that retained the title the following edition, defeating hosts Karachi 4–0.

## International career

Due to his performances in the National Championship, Debinash was selected in the Pakistan U19 that went on to participate in the 1962 AFC Youth Championship held in Bangkok, Thailand. The following year, he was the only East Pakistani player selected by coach, Sheikh Shaheb Ali, to represent the Pakistan national team at the 1964 Summer Olympics qualifiers. The team were knocked out of the qualifiers in the preliminary round after losing 2–4 to Iran on aggregate.

## Personal life

Following his retirement from football in 1969, Debinash began working as a salaried employee at the National Housing Authority.

## Death

On 5 August 2005, Debinash's eldest son, Donald Debashish, requested aid from the Bangladesh Football Federation. Debinash, who had been suffering from bladder cancer since 1997, was critically ill and being treated at a local hospital. On 7 August 2005, Debinash died while receiving treatment at the Abir General Hospital in Dhaka. His body was buried in his native village, Dhairpara, in Dhobaura Upazila, Mymensingh District. He is survived by his wife and two sons.

## Honours

Mohammedan SC
* Dhaka First Division League: 1959, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1969
* Aga Khan Gold Cup: 1959, 1964, 1968
* Independence Day Cup: 1958, 1961, 1963
Dacca Division
* National Championship: 1961–62, 1962
# Tied to the Tracks (album)

Tied to the Tracks is the second album by the American band Treat Her Right, released in 1989. The band supported the album by touring with Guadalcanal Diary as well as the Replacements. The first single was "Picture of the Future".

## Production

Produced primarily by Don Gehman, the album was recorded live, with only minimal overdubbing. Treat Her Right was influenced by Muddy Waters, whose records led them to rethink their sound. The band's philosophy was to subtract musical embellishment to songs rather than add them; they also did not enjoy the recording process. Mark Sandman employed an octave divider to make his guitar sound similar to a bass. Much of the percussion came from cocktail drum, tambourine, and wood block. The band had written 20 songs over the previous two years; they recorded all of them and then chose 12 for the album. "No Reason" is about the arbitrariness of vehicular crashes and other accidents; it was inspired by a stabbing incident involving Sandman. "Junkyard" is partly about Sandman's habit of filling his apartment with stuff he collected on garbage days. "Hit a Man" is a cover of Captain Beefheart's "Nowadays a Woman's Gotta Hit a Man". "Marie" is about a man who regrets not proposing marriage to an old flame.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Arizona Republic | |
| Omaha World-Herald | |
| The Ottawa Citizen | |
| Record-Journal | B− |
| The Tampa Tribune | |
The Boston Globe opined that the band "excels at a neoprimitive blues that skips across genres, but owes mostly to the early, lowdown Chicago sound of Howlin' Wolf and Muddy Waters." The St. Petersburg Times said that Treat Her Right "brings a forward-looking sensibility to the blues base of Tied to the Tracks... The band has taken a bunch of simple, and in some cases undistinguished, songs and dressed them up in such an enticing way that they become nearly irresistible." The San Diego Union-Tribune stated that the band "sort of plays blues, sort of plays country, sort of plays swamp rhythms and sort of plays rock... The mixture is as enchanting as it is eclectic."
The Province noted that the lyrics are "loaded with menace and desperation and hipster cool and ironic humor." The Morning Call dubbed the band "the cool, urban hipster cousins of Creedence Clearwater Revival". The Ottawa Citizen said that "the style may be primitive, but not reckless and certainly not tuneless." Trouser Press called Tied to the Tracks "stylish and self-assured". Spin stated that the band's "sense of nuance and mood is superb". The Press of Atlantic City considered Treat Her Right a "Martian blues/rock band". The Record-Journal labeled the album "Southern rock gone 'lite' for the [']80s".
# Villa Larca

Villa Larca is a village and municipality of the Chacabuco Department in San Luis Province in central Argentina.
The village it's located at the foot of the Comechingones mountains, and has a primary and secondary school, as well as a bus station and a public library.

## History

It is believed that Villa Larca was already inhabited at the beginning of the XVIII century. The village foundation, however, was made official on the 22 of June of 1858.
There are many claims on the origin of the word "Larca ", on one hand, it means "canal", of those which are used to carry water for irrigation. On the other hand, it is said that existed the "Larca cacique" ancient chief of the Comechingones tribes, living in the region around the year 1595.

## Notable people

* Cosme Nievas (1927-2010), former mayor during the last decades of the XX century. He was born in Pozo del Algarrobo, 15 km from Villa Larca. He started working from the age of 9 after losing his mother. Often worked along the rest of the workers, due to the low monetary resources of the village. Solved a great deeds problem of the inhabitants of Villa Larca, and managed to get the first permanent doctor. He is affectionately remembered as an honest person.
# Junior Dion

Sédé Junior Dion (born 1 January 1994) is an Ivorian football player who plays as a forward for Marumo Gallants on loan from AmaZulu.
Dion moved from Williamsville Athletic Club to ASEC Mimosas in 2019. In 2020 he was announced as a signing by Botswana club Jwaneng Galaxy. Jwaneng Galaxy played in African competition, losing to South African side Orlando Pirates, who compared Dion to Thamsanqa Gabuza.
In 2021, Dion joined South African club Marumo Gallants and was seen as an important player for the losing Nedbank Cup finalists. In December 2022 he reached an agreement to leave Marumo Gallants, promptly signing for AmaZulu. Marumo Gallants manager Dan Malesela called the departure "painful". Notable performances include two goals that secured a victory against Cape Town City in September 2023, as well as a hat-trick in the Carling Knockout Cup in November 2023. A renegotiation of Dion's contract, which was due to expire in the summer of 2024, was discussed. In the winter window of 2025, Dion rejoined Marumo Gallants on loan.
# Spermosphere

In plant science, the spermosphere is the zone surrounding a seed where soil, microorganisms, and seed germinating interact. The zone is a small area, typically 1–10 mm from the seed, but varying with seed type, the variety of soil microorganisms, the level of soil moisture, and other factors.

## Importance

Within the spermosphere, a range of complex interactions take place among the germinating seed, the soil, and the microbiome. Because germination is a brief process, the spermosphere is transient, but the impact of the microbial activity within the spermosphere can have strong and long-lasting effects on the developing plant. The spermosphere can even have impacts on managing stress during germination, as seen with Bacillus strains and peanut plants.

## Factors that influence spermosphere

Seeds exude various molecules that influence their surrounding microbial communities, either inhibiting or stimulating their growth. The composition of the exudates varies according to the plant type and such properties of the soil as its pH and moisture content. Soil type matters much more than seed type, specifically soil with a higher content of organic matter.
With these biochemical effects, the spermosphere develops both downward—to form the rhizosphere (upon the emergence of the plant's radicle)—and upward to form the laimosphere, which is the soil surrounding the growing plant stem, and the phyllosphere, which is the microbial community on the part of the plant above the soil. Specifically, the floral microbiota can play a role in the composition of the spermosphere like in plants such as wheat, grapevine, and rice. As the seed germinates, the function of the microbial community changes rather than its composition.

## Protection of the seed

The spermosphere also acts as biological control for the germinating seed which means certain beneficial microorganisms can protect the seed from plant pathogens. Many plant pathogens such as Fusarium and Pythium ultimum can colonize a newly germinating seed within the first few hours of planting. The seed can exudate molecules and nutrients that attract beneficial microorganisms to their spermosphere which then prevent the colonization of pathogens. There has been specific research in this area with cottonseeds in which they were coated with a beneficial bacteria which prevented the seed from being infected with a Pythium ultimum infection.
# History of the Marines

The history of the Marines may refer to:
* the history of the Royal Marines, since 1664
* the history of the United States Marine Corps, since 1775