OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fakhreddin Shadman

Fakhreddin Shadman, also known as Fakhreddin Shadman Valari, (1907–1967) was one of the leading scholars, writers and statesmen in the Pahlavi Iran. He was a faculty member at the University of Tehran. He also held various cabinet posts in 1948 and in 1953–1954.

## Early life and education

Shadman was born in Tehran in 1907 into a family composed of clerics. His father, Hājj Sayyed Abu Torab, was a cleric. He was the eldest child of his parents and had five brothers and one sister.
Shadman completed his secondary education at the Darolfonun school in Tehran. He attended the Teachers Training College where he graduated in 1925 and had a degree from the School of Law in Tehran in 1927. He received a PhD in history from the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1939. Charles Kingsley Webster was his advisor, and his thesis was entitled The Relations of Britain and Persia, 1800-15.

## Career

Following his graduation Shadman joined the Iranian judiciary system and served as the deputy public prosecutor of Tehran. Between 1932 and 1935 he worked at the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. During his studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science he also taught Persian there and also, at the School of Oriental and African Studies. During World War II he left Britain for the United States where he worked as a visiting scholar at Harvard University.
He returned to Iran and began to work at various state institutions. On 15 June 1948 he was appointed minister of national economy to the cabinet led by Prime Minister Abdolhossein Hazhir. In 1950 he joined the University of Tehran where he became a professor of the history of Iran and Islam. Shadman was appointed minister of economy in 1953 and then minister of justice in 1954 to the cabinet headed by Fazlollah Zahedi. He continued to serve as minister of national economy in the next cabinet formed by Hossein Ala' in the spring of 1955 when Zahedi resigned from office. Retiring from politics Shadman taught at the University of Tehran until 1967. He was also the administrator of Imam Reza Shrine Properties, a member of the Iranian Academy and the Cultural Council of the Imperial Court of Iran and a board member of Pahlavi Library.
Shadman was one of the individuals who contributed to the establishment of the Oil College in Abadan, known as Petroleum University of Technology.

### Views

Shadman was a nationalist and one of the early Iranian scholars who emphasized the negative effects of the modernization on the Iranian society. He adopted Martin Heidegger's notion that in each historical period there is a truth "which obscures competing truths." Based on this he argued that the Western-origin views should be avoided to maintain the spiritual origins and political unity of Iran. His views are regarded as the basis for the nationalistic approach of the Islamic left figures.

## Personal life and death

Shadman married Farangis Namazi in London in 1941. In 1967 he was diagnosed with cancer and went to London for treatment. He died there on 26 August 1967 and was buried in Mashhad near the shrine of Imam Reza shrine.
# England International Football

England International Football is a football video game developed and published by Codemasters for PlayStation 2 and the Xbox in 2004. The game was officially licensed by the English Football Association and is part of the Club Football series of games.

## Gameplay

In addition to the England national team, 21 other European sides and 10 non-European sides are playable, with 25 man squads provided for each. Presenting and commentating are Gary Lineker and Barry Davies. A player editor feature allows players to put their own likeness into the game. As players progress through the game, they can unlock additional content in a 'Trophy Room', such as player profiles, team photographs, and video clips including highlights of England's historic 5-1 win against Germany in 2001. The title was the first football game to support multiplayer play over Xbox Live which was available to players until the termination of Xbox Live on April 15, 2010. England International Football is now playable online again on the replacement Xbox Live servers called Insignia. The game released with a free two-hour DVD entitled England's Path to Portugal, featuring highlights from England's Euro 2004 qualification campaign.

## Development

The game was officially licensed by the English Football Association, with the cover art featuring Steven Gerrard, Frank Lampard, David Beckham, Michael Owen and John Terry. Development of the title was based on the Club Football engine and began in 2003.
The likeness of 25 England players and manager Sven-Göran-Eriksson was "created from an exclusive photoshoot and 3D modelling session". Audio was recorded at England games, with actual chants used in the game.

## Reception

The game received a largely negative critical response. CVG's Graeme Boyd awarded the game a score of 56/100, arguing that it played almost identically to Club Football "save for the tweakiest of tweaks, and suffers from the same problems", criticising the ball physics, unresponsive controls and the erratic AI of computer-controlled players. He also noted the absence of an official European Championship mode despite the England national team licence, comparing the game unfavourably to Electronic Art's Euro 2004, which released shortly afterwards. Keith Stuart of Official PlayStation 2 Magazine was equally damning, lamenting "agonisingly ponderous and unpredictable" player responses and "ball physics that make it feel like you're booting a space hopper around", giving a score of 5/10 and dismissing the title as a "mediocre footie simulation that adds nothing to the genre and stumbles behind PES and FIFA like an arthritic goal-keeping coach". Writing in Official Xbox Magazine Andy Irving was more positive, providing a score of 8.2/10, describing it as a "competent and intuitive footy sim with fluid play and good AI", and arguing that its online compatibility was "where it shines".
# Margaret Anne Cargill

Margaret Anne Cargill (September 24, 1920 – August 1, 2006) was an American philanthropist and heiress to part of the Cargill fortune.

## Biography
### Early life

Margaret Anne Cargill was born September 24, 1920, in Los Angeles, the daughter of Austen Cargill and granddaughter of W. W. Cargill. She grew up in the Midwest. She earned a degree in arts education from the University of Minnesota and moved to Southern California.

### Philanthropy

She became one of eight heirs to the Minneapolis-based grain-trading conglomerate Cargill. Forbes magazine listed her in 2005 as the 164th-richest American, with a net worth of $1.8 billion. She was a major donor to the American Red Cross, the Nature Conservancy, the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of the American Indian and the American Swedish Institute. She gave away more than $200 million, always anonymously.
She established the Anne Ray Charitable Trust which provides grants for charitable and educational programs and scholarships.
She provided that, after her death, the Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropies would use her wealth for charitable purposes. The combined assets (Margaret A. Cargill Foundation and Anne Ray Foundation) place the foundation among the top ten foundations in the United States with assets in excess of $9.2 billion.

### Death

She died from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on August 1, 2006, at her home in La Jolla, San Diego, California.
# David Philippaerts

David Philippaerts (born 7 December 1983 in Pietrasanta) is an Italian former professional motocross racer of Italian and Belgian descent. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 2000 to 2014 before returning as a wild card in 2022. His most notable achievement is winning the 2008 MX1 World Championship.
Philippaerts was the 2008 F.I.M. world champion in the MX-1GP class riding for a Yamaha team run by former motocross world champion Michele Rinaldi.
# Liboi Airport

Liboi Airport (IATA: LBK, ICAO: n/a) is an airport serving the town of Liboi in the Garissa County of Kenya.

## Location

The airport lies adjacent to and is southeast of the town of Liboi. It is approximately 556 kilometres (345 mi) by road, and 478 kilometres (297 mi) by air, north-east of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest airport in Kenya. The coordinates of this airport are 0°21'14.0"N, 40°52'40.0"E (Latitude:0.353889; Longitude:40.877778).

## Overview

The airport is at an average elevation of 320 feet (98 m) and has a single murram-surfaced runway (12/30), measuring 6,000 feet (1,800 m) long.
# Hoya kerrii

Hoya kerrii is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to Southeast Asia. Its eponymous collector is Arthur Francis George Kerr, Irish physician and botanist.
As the thick leaves are heart-shaped, the plant is sometimes named "lucky-heart". In Europe, it is sold for Saint Valentine's Day.
Its origin area is South China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and the Indonesian island of Java.

## Description

Hoya kerrii is a climbing plant that can grow up to 4 meters high (around 13 feet). Stems have a diameter of 7 mm. The leaves are 6 cm wide, 5 mm thick. Adult plants show inflorescences of 5 cm diameter and up to 25 flowers. They produce small balls of nectar, coloured red to brown. They smell only faintly or not at all.

## Taxonomy

A specimen was collected by Arthur Francis George Kerr 1910 in or 1911 in the Doi Suthep mountains west of Chiang Mai (Northern Thailand) at an altitude of 390 m above sea level. It was transplanted to Kew Gardens where it flowered in August 1911, and the species was first described by William Grant Craib from that plant and the wild collections in 1911.
* Young plant, unchanged over 2 years
* After 20 months of growth
# Operation Nightingale (United States)

Operation Nightingale was an intensive effort by the United States Army Nurse Corps (ANC) to recruit nurses during the Vietnam War. The ANC had a shortage of nurses, and Operation Nightingale was aimed at recruiting 2,000 employees. It was not completely successful.

## Background

By early 1963 the United States Army Nurse Corps (ANC) was grappling with a shortage of nurses—it had only around 3,000 nurses. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in late 1962 army hospitals struggled to find enough nurses and in the decades prior the ANC had failed to grow in proportion with the size of the greater United States Army.

## Program

Begun on February 28, 1963, the nationwide program sought to add 2,000 nurses. At its peak, almost 150 people were working to sign up nurses. Recruiters "lecturing at high schools, universities, and career fairs, placing advertisements in stores, making radio announcements and TV commercials, and at times enlisting celebrity endorsements." They said that “women would experience an equality with men that they would not find in the civilian world.”
The operation included an 'Army Student Nurse Program', which offered to help a nurse pay for their education in return for service in the corps. The program accounted for most of the nurses who joined the ANC during the Vietnam War, and was utilized by around 600 nurses every year it was in operation. Other efforts to train nurses included through a four-year degree offered through the Walter Reed Army Institute of Nursing (associated with the University of Maryland). While the ANC did gain some nurses through these efforts, they were hindered by the time it took to train students, often several years. The ANC never overcame a shortage of nurses during the Vietnam War.
# Anamika (poet)

Anamika (born 17 August 1961) is a contemporary Indian poet, social worker and novelist writing in Hindi, and a critic writing in English. My Typewriter Is My Piano is her collection of poems translated into English. She is known for her feminist poetry.

## Early life and education

Anamika was born on 17 August 1961 in Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Her current topic of research as a fellow at Teen Murti Bhawan, Delhi is "A Comparative Study of Women in Contemporary British and Hindi poetry". She is currently teaching English Literature at a college affiliated to the University of Delhi.

## Works
### Poetry collection

* Tokri mein Digant
* Anushtup
* Doob-dhaan
* Khurdari Hatheliyaan
* Paani ko Sab Yaad thaa

## Awards

* 2020 - Sahitya Akademi Award for her poetry Tokri Mein Digant 'Their Gatha': 2014 She is the first and only female poet to have won the prize in the award's 65-year history.
# Ren'ai CHU!

Ren'ai CHU! is a Japanese erotic game released by Saga Planets in 2001. A non-hentai disc of bonus extras called "Motto Love-CHU!" was released in the same year, and the Dreamcast version, Renai Chu! Happy Perfect, released by GN Software in 2003.
It is well known for its theme song, of the same name as the game. Two Para Para remix versions are contained on the fun disc, and also the original and another vocal edition exist.

## Characters

* Nanami Kanzaki
* Miduki Saeki
* Rei Sudo
* Karin Tsukishima
* Nonoka Tsukishima - Karin's sister
* Wakana Higuchi
* Lime Regan
* Yayoi Nishina
* Taiyou Kawasaki
* Hikaru Ijuin
# Tropical peat

Tropical peat is a type of histosol that is found in tropical latitudes, including South East Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Tropical peat mostly consists of dead organic matter from trees instead of spaghnum which are commonly found in temperate peat. This soils usually contain high organic matter content, exceeding 75% with dry low bulk density around 0.2 mg/m$^3$ (0.0 gr/cu ft).
Areas of tropical peat are found mostly in South America (about 46% by area) although they are also found in Africa, Central America, Asia and elsewhere around the tropics. Tropical peatlands are significant carbon sinks and store large amounts of carbon and their destruction can have a significant impact on the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Tropical peatlands are vulnerable to destabilisation through human and climate induced changes. Estimates of the area (and hence volume) of tropical peatlands vary but a reasonable estimate is in the region of 380,000 square kilometres (150,000 sq mi).
Although tropical peatlands only cover about 0.25% of the Earth's land surface they contain 50,000–70,000 million tonnes of carbon (about 3% global soil carbon). In addition, tropical peatlands support diverse ecosystems and are home to a number of endangered species including the orangutan.
The native peat swamp forests contain a number of valuable timber-producing trees plus a range of other products of value to local communities, such as bark, resins and latex. Land-use changes and fire, mainly associated with plantation development and logging (deforestation and drainage), are reducing this carbon store and contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
The problems that result from development of tropical peatlands stem mainly from a lack of understanding of the complexities of this ecosystem and the fragility of the relationship between peat and forest. Once the forest is removed and the peat is drained, the surface peat oxidises and loses stored carbon rapidly to the atmosphere (as carbon dioxide). This results in progressive loss of the peat surface, leading to local flooding and, due to the large areas involved, global climate change. Failure to account for such emissions results in underestimates of the rate of increase in atmospheric GHGs and the extent of human induced climate change.
# Claude-Curdin Paschoud

Claude-Curdin Paschoud (born April 3, 1994) is a Swiss professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for HC Davos in the Swiss National League (NL).

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2012–13 | HC Davos | NLA | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013–14 | HC Davos | NLA | 27 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2014–15 | HC Davos | NLA | 50 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| 2015–16 | HC Davos | NLA | 50 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2016–17 | HC Davos | NLA | 50 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 2017–18 | HC Davos | NL | 50 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2018–19 | HC Davos | NL | 19 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019–20 | HC Davos | NL | 22 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | HC Davos | NL | 12 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021–22 | HC Davos | NL | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NL totals | NL totals | NL totals | 282 | 5 | 36 | 41 | 86 | 43 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 10 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2011 | Switzerland | IH18 | 7th | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2014 | Switzerland | WJC | 7th | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
# Norm Cook

Norman Cook (March 21, 1955 – December 22, 2008) was an American professional basketball player.
A 6'8" forward from Lincoln Community High School in Lincoln, Illinois, Cook played basketball at the University of Kansas from 1973 to 1976. He was named the Big Eight Conference's Freshman of the Year in 1974 after averaging 11.4 points per game and helping the Kansas Jayhawks reach the NCAA Final Four. Cook left the University of Kansas after his junior season to make himself eligible for the 1976 NBA draft, where he was selected by the Boston Celtics. He appeared in 27 games over two seasons with the Celtics and Denver Nuggets, averaging 2.4 points per game.
Cook was haunted by bouts of mental illness. Cook's son, Brian Cook, has played for several NBA teams.
# 160th Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Ukraine)

The 160th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade is a formation of the Ukrainian Air Force. The full name of the brigade is the 160th Warsaw-Odesa Order of Suvorov 3rd degree Anti-Aircraft Artillery Brigade. (Ukrainian: 160-а Варшавсько-Одеська ордена Суворова ІІІ ступеня зенітна ракетна бригада). The brigade is considered to be one of the best anti-aircraft artillery units in Ukraine.
The 160th Brigade was part of the 21st Air Defence Division (1961-1989) and then the 60th Air Defence Corps from 1989-1992, both part of the 8th Air Defence Army. From 1961-92 it was located at Odesa.

## History

In 1999 the brigade was given the honorable name "Odesa" for exhibiting high level of professionalism in protecting the skies over Odesa. The brigade was also awarded with its first Colour by the President of Ukraine.

## Awards

* 1944 received the honorable name «Warsaw»
* 1945 received the Order of Suvorov Third Class for its actions near Berlin
* 1999 received the honorable name «Odesa»

## Past commanders

* Lieutenant Colonel Mykola Oleshiuk
# Tamu Township

Tamu Township is a Kuki township in Tamu District in the Sagaing Division of Burma. The principal town is Tamu. Tamu township is the only township of Tamu District, which borders India.

## History

On January 7, 2024, in the midst of the Myanmar civil war, the Myanmar military engaged in airstrikes on the village of Kanan within Khampat, Tamu Township near the village church and a school, killing 17 civilians, including nine children, and wounded 20.

## List of towns

| Town | Town | Burmese name | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | Area | Area | Density | Density |
| | | | (2019) | (2018) | | km$^2$ | sq mi | /km$^2$ | /sq mi |
| Khampat | Khampat | ခမ်းပါတ် | 15,400 | 14,910 | 3.29% | 33.33 | 12.87 | 462 | 1,197 |
| Myothit | Myothit | မြို့သစ် | 1,308 | 1,274 | 2.67% | 3.34 | 1.29 | 392 | 1,014 |
| Tamu | Tamu | တမူး | 97,864 | 93,085 | 5.13% | 19.81 | 7.65 | 4,940 | 12,795 |

### Villages

* Ahlaw
* Kanan (ကနန်; in Khampat)
* Kun Tawng Ywar Thit (ကွန်းတောင်းရွာသစ်; also Chin village)
* Kyuntawyaeshin (ကျွန်းတောရေရှင်)
# Oleksandr Vasiuk

Oleksandr Vasiuk (Ukrainian: Олександр Олександрович Васюк; born 28 December 1994) is a Ukrainian politician and lawyer. He is a Member of the Ukrainian Parliament. and belongs the presidential faction named “Sluha Narodu” (Servant of the People), member of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Committee on Legal Policy, head of the inter-factional parliamentary association "Ukraine-US Strategic Partnership".
Chairman of the Parliamentary Friendship Group for Interparliamentary Relations with the Principality of Liechtenstein and Chairman of the inter-factional parliamentary association “Partnership between Ukraine and the Sovereign Order of Malta”.

## Early life and education

Oleksandr Vasiuk was born on December 28, 1994, in the city of Zaporizhzhia. Graduated from the Law Faculty of Yaroslav Mudryi Kharkiv Law University. During the presidential campaign in 2019, he coordinated the team of lawyers of the current President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

## Political career

On August 2, 2022, Oleksandr Vasiuk was elected as a Member of the Ukrainian Parliament from party “Sluga Narodu”.
On August 30, 2022, he took the oath of office of the People's Deputy of Ukraine.
Oleksandr Vasiuk leads the Strategic Partnership Ukraine-USA coalition. He is a top Ukrainian official responsible for overseeing dialogue with the US.
Oleksandr Vasiuk is a member of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Legal Policy. He was elected head of the inter-factional deputy association "Ukraine-US Strategic Partnership". In recent years, the main goal is to expand the Ukrainian-American partnership based on a common vision of democracy, economic and social prosperity of both countries.
# Sabeco World Trade Center

Sabeco World Trade Center was the unofficial name of a proposed skyscraper at a block in Mê Linh Square, between the Vietcombank Tower and IBC Building with the address 2-4-6 Hai Ba Trung, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The project was developed by the Vietnam's beer producer Sabeco Brewery and planned to start construction in 2010 and complete in 2013; however, it was cancelled and never built. The tower was expected to have 40 floors, feature a traditional Vietnamese house, and become the ninth tallest building in Vietnam then. The architect for the project was HOK International. The development, known as Saigon Plaza, was planned to include offices, entertainment venues, shopping malls, a hotel, and a convention hall.

## Name

The name “World Trade Center” is a trademark owned by the World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) and is used under license by WTCA's global network of members in nearly 100 countries. The Sabeco project was not licensed or authorized by WTCA.

## Background: Market Growth in Vietnam

During 2000–2007, Vietnam experienced economic growth of 8-8.5%, leading to increased demand for office and shopping spaces in major cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Danang, and Haiphong. Land and housing prices in these cities are disproportionate to the country's GDP per capita.