OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norway/Vänern Line

Norway/Vänern Line (Swedish: Norge/Vänerbanan) is a Y-shaped railway line in Sweden. The main section runs from Gothenburg Central Station to Kil Station, mostly along the west shore of Vänern. There is a branch from Erikstad to the Norway–Sweden border at Kornsjø, from which it continues as the Østfold Line to Oslo.
The lengths of the line are 112 kilometres (70 mi) from Gothenburg to Erikstad, 180 kilometres (110 mi) from Gothenburg to Kornsjø and 232 kilometres (144 mi) from Gothenburg to Kil. The line is single track, except for the 82 kilometres (51 mi) section from Gothenburg to Öxnered, which is double track.

## History

The railways were finished in 1879. A shortcut at Erikstad was built for the Norway branch in 1995. The section from Gothenburg to Öxnered was rebuilt as a new double-track railway in the period 2005-2012. The current name was introduced in 1990. From the construction until then, the name was Bergslagen Line, between Gothenburg, through Kil, to Falun, later Gävle. The line to Norway then started at Mellerud and was called Dalsland Line.

## Traffic

As of 2018, the following passenger rail services exist on the line:
* SJ operates the route Karlstad–Gothenburg once every two hours, joining the Norway/Vänern Line in Kil. The trains used are Regina EMUs of the type X52E. SJ also operates a twice-daily Halden–Gothenburg service.
* TÅGAB operates locomotive-hauled trains on Kil–Gothenburg as part of its longer routes Falun–Karlstad–Gothenburg (twice per day) and Stockholm–Karlstad–Gothenburg (once per day).
* Vy (formerly the Norwegian State Railways) operates the route Oslo–Halden–Gothenburg, using the Norway/Vänern Line between Kornsjø and Gothenburg, three times per day with Stadler FLIRT multiple units. The trains run as normal regional trains inside Norway with several stops.
* An hourly (twice-hourly in rush hours) Västtågen [sv] regional train service exists on the route Vänersborg–Öxnered–Trollhättan–Gothenburg, with a complementing Säffle–Gothenburg rush-hour service. Operation is contracted by Västtrafik to SJ Götalandståg [sv].
* The Gothenburg commuter rail operates twice-hourly (every 15 minutes in rush hours) between Älvängen and Gothenburg. Operation is, as with Västtågen, contracted by Västtrafik to SJ Götalandståg.
In addition, freight trains operate on the entire railway – from Gothenburg to Falun and to places in northern Sweden via Kil, and between Gothenburg and Norway via Kornsjø.
# Matsuura Railway

Matsuura Railway (松浦鉄道, Matsuura Tetsudō) is a third-sector railway company in Nagasaki and Saga Prefecture in Japan.

## Lines

The railway company operates the 93.8 km Nishi-Kyushu Line from Arita in Saga Prefecture to Sasebo in Nagasaki Prefecture, with 57 stations.

## Principal investors

* Nagasaki Prefecture (13.7%)
* Lucky Taxi (10.2%)
* Tsuji Industry (10.2%)
* Saihi Motor (10.2%)

## History

The company was established in December 1987, and took over operation of the former Japanese National Railways (JNR) Matsuura Line on 1 April 1988, becoming the Nishi-Kyushu Line.
# Aras Koyi

Aras Fatih Rasul (born September 26, 1972), known by the stage names Aras Koyi (Kurdish: ئاراس کۆیی), is a Kurdish-Swedish singer, songwriter, director, scenarist, producer and philanthropist.

## Early life and education

Aras Fatih Rasul was born in Koy Sanjaq. His family was forced to leave Iraq in 1981 due to the political activities of his father, Fatih Rasul. His father Fatih was a Peshmerga who faced imprisonments, and ultimately, exile. When he was a young boy, Koyi lived in Soviet Union, where he continued his studies at Interdom in the city of Ivanovo.
After finishing high school in 1990, he moved to the Eskilstuna in Sweden where he reunited with his long-separated family. In 1993, he returned to Moscow, where he began his studies to become a film director at the Moscow State Art and Cultural University. During his studies, Koyi began writing songs. He graduated in 1997 and moved back to his family in Sweden.

## Career

Koyi's first CD single "Tap-Tap" was released in 1999. It included an English version of "Tap-Tap", a Kurdish version of "Tap-Tap (Footsteps)", the song "Nask u Nerm (Delicately, Softly)" and "Destekant Bine (Give Me Your Hands)". In 2000, Aras Koyi started his own music company, Arasia Media Services and Production. In August 2001, he released a CD single and music video called "Tomato". It was inspired by the annual La Tomatina festival in the town of Bunol, Spain.

## Discography
### CD

| Title | in English | Year | Notes |
| Tap-tap | Footsteps | 1999 | Released in English and Kurdish version. |
| Dildar | Lover | 1999 | Aras produced this CD Album for his brother Hogir. |
| Tomato | Tomato | 2000 | CD single |
| From Aras to.... | From Aras to.... | 2003 | Album |

### Music Video

| Title | in English | Year | Notes |
| Tomato | Tomato | 2002 | |
| Basi To | Talks about you | 2003 | |
| Hangaw Mane | Don't take that step | 2004 | |
| Gez Neke (Short film) | Don't Bite | 2005 | Include songs (Khapa Gyan, 100 Mashallah, Skallay Dill and Tomato) |
| Betak u Beko | One or More | 2008 | Filmed in Greece |
| Remda Remda | Please, Let me | 2008 | |
| Yadi Caran | Old Memories | 2008 | |
| Kurdistana Min | My Kurdistan | 2013 | |
| Darje | Spilled Milk | 2020 | |
| Sawar | Bulgur | 2022 | |
| Hawari Hunar | The Chant of Art | 2024 | |
# Husluman Vava

Husluman Vava (January 30, 1958 – December 29, 2007), also known by his Chinese name Wang Hsin-min (王新民), was a Takbanuaz Bunun indigenous writer. Born in Kuangyuan Village, Haituan Township, Taitung County, Husluman graduated from the Department of Mathematics and Science Education at National Pingtung University of Education. He taught at Tao Yuan Elementary School in Kaohsiung County for over 20 years and dedicated himself to field studies and literary creations, preserving and promoting Bunun culture. His works received numerous awards. In 2007, he became the first indigenous writer to be awarded the Taiwan Literature Award for Books in the novel category. He died suddenly at the end of that year of a heart attack.

## Style

In his early works, Husluman Vava primarily focused on Bunun oral myths and rituals, incorporating elements from life ceremonies. As his career progressed, he gradually integrated and applied Bunun culture and daily life themes. In his novel The Soul of Jade Mountain (玉山魂), he vividly portrayed the life, hunting, farming, and spiritual beliefs of the Bunun people through well-arranged characters. His works also introduced the kinship relationships among different Bunun communities, emphasizing values such as hard work, courage, and sharing.
Poet Li Kuei-hsien remarked that "Husluman Vava's representative work, The Soul of Jade Mountain, is Taiwan's first literary work which incorporates abundant Indigenous language elements. It fully presents the Indigenous way of life, particularly in its depiction of nature and all living things, imbued with poetic textures and vocabulary."
# Shrewley

Shrewley is a village and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, about 5 miles north-west of Warwick. It consists of Little Shrewley, and Shrewley Common, Hatton Station, Station Road and Five Ways. It has the Grand Union Canal, which passes through Shrewley Tunnel and cutting which is a SSSI, with the Chiltern Main Line railway and M40 motorway all running parallel and in close proximity at the south-western end of Shrewley Common. The parish has two pubs, The Durham Ox, in Shrewley Common, once well known for its Marrow Sunday post-harvest celebration, steam fair and produce competition and auction, and The Case is Altered at Five Ways. Shrewley has no church, but until the 1990s had an independent chapel with a regular congregation, the site of which has now been converted into a dwelling.

## Transport

Hatton station is within the parish, not in the neighbouring parish of Hatton. A triangle of railway lines is located west of the station, used by trains to and from Stratford upon Avon.
52°18′18″N 1°41′06″W﻿ / ﻿52.305°N 1.685°W﻿ / 52.305; -1.685
* This Warwickshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Malvan taluka

Malvan taluka is a taluka in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, a state in Western India.
# Kōichi Sako

Sako was born in Yoshiura-cho, Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture.
When the atomic bomb fell on Hiroshima, he was 27 years old and working in Kure City. Although the bombing did not directly harm him, he was exposed to radiation when he entered Hiroshima city a few days later. He died in Hiroshima when he was 92 years old in 2010.
In 1952, Asahi Camera Yearbook published his Rural Family, and he began to contribute his photographs to various photography magazines and annuals actively. He also received instruction from Masaoka Kunio, a Chugoku Photographers Group member, and Akita Heihachiro, who had formed the Koyo Camera Club. In 1954, the newly established Nikakai Association of Photographers selected his work for the first time. He exhibited with them for 18 consecutive years until 1972. He also regularly contributed photographs to the avant-garde poetry coterie magazine VOU, which was presided over by the poet Katsué Kitasono.
Sako also wrote poetry. In his youth, he dreamt of becoming a poet but was inspired by the camera boom of the time, so he thought to use poetic imagery for his photographic expression. However, Sako realized later that photography and poetry are essentially two different forms of expression and began to search for an expression unique to photography. Based on the premise that merely realistically capturing the subject is not all there is to photography, he sought the realm of abstract expression.
In 1954, the subjektive fotografie 2 exhibition exhibited his Fushin. It was held in Saarbrücken, Germany, and Paris, France. Yusaku Kamekura first introduced the Subjective photography movement, first coined by German photographer Otto Steinert, to Japan in the May 1954 issue of Camera. Two years later, Shuzo Takiguchi and others founded the Japan Subjectivist Photography League, and the movement flourished. It was not limited to abstract, documentary, experimental techniques, or straight photography. It was based on individual subjectivity. At the time, Japan had been liberated from wartime repression of avant-garde artistic expression and found international support. Sako was one of the beneficiaries of the momentum of the Subjective photography movement. Five of his works were included in international exhibitions such as The Sense of Abstraction at the Museum of Modern Art in New York (1960).
# Ingestre railway station

Ingestre and Weston railway station was a former British railway station in the village of Weston on Trent in Staffordshire.
It was opened by the Stafford and Uttoxeter Railway in 1867. Originally called Weston it was later renamed Ingestre and Weston in deference to nearby Ingestre Hall the home of the Earl of Shrewsbury. It was renamed Ingestre for Weston in 1870 to avoid confusion with nearby Weston and Ingestre railway station on the North Staffordshire Railway.
The Stafford and Uttoxeter Railway was purchased for £100,000 by the Great Northern Railway in July 1881 and the line subsequently passed into LNER ownership with Railway Grouping in 1923.
Proceeding north west the line passed over the North Staffordshire Railway's main line from Stone to Colwich, the line climbed slightly towards Chartley and Stowe.
Passenger services finished in 1939.
# Luciano Caravani

Luciano Caravani (born 14 May 1953) is a retired Italian sprinter who specialized in the 100 and 200 metres. He was born in Vicenza, Veneto. He won six medals at the International athletics competitions, of these five with the national relay team.

## Biography

His personal best 100 metres time is 10.23 seconds, achieved in August 1984 in Zurich. His personal best 200 metres time is 20.59 seconds, achieved in July 1979 in Algiers. He has 34 caps in national team from 1975 to 1983.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Venue | Result | Event |
| 1976 | Olympic Games | Montreal, Canada | 6th | 4 × 100 m relay |
| 1979 | Mediterranean Games | Split, Yugoslavia | 1st | 200 m |
| 1982 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay |

## National titles

In the "Pietro Mennea era", Luciano Caravani has won two times the individual national championship.
* 1 win in the 100 metres (1977)
* 1 win in the 60 metres indoor (1975)
# Neighbourhood (disambiguation)

A neighbourhood (also spelled neighborhood) is a geographically localised community within a larger city, town, suburb or rural area.
Neighbo(u)rhood(s) may also refer to:

## Mathematics

* Neighbourhood (mathematics), a concept in topology
* Neighbourhood (graph theory), a grouping in graph theory
* the Moore neighborhood and Von Neumann neighborhood, used in describing cellular automata

## Music

* Neighbourhood (album), a 2005 album by Manu Katché
* Neighborhoods (Ernest Hood album), 1975
* Neighborhoods (Olu Dara album), 2001
* Neighborhoods (Blink-182 album), 2011
* "Neighbourhood" (song), a 1995 song by British indie rock band Space
* Four songs by Arcade Fire from their 2004 album Funeral:
** "Neighborhood #1 (Tunnels)"
** "Neighborhood #2 (Laika)"
** "Neighborhood #3 (Power Out)"
* "Neighbourhood", a 2000 song by Zed Bias
* Neighborhood Records, a record label
* The Neighborhood (album), 1990 album by Los Lobos
* The Neighbourhood, an American rock band
** The Neighbourhood (album), the band's self-titled album

## Other uses

* Neighbourhood (TV series), a Chinese TV series
* Neighborhood Channel, a subchannel of WQED-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
* Neighborhood (role-playing game), a 1982 role-playing game
* The Neighborhood (novel), 2016 novel by Mario Vargas Llosa
* The Neighborhood (TV series), American comedy series
* The Neighborhood (film), 2017 Canadian film
* The Neighborhood, comic strip by Jerry Van Amerongen
# Vladimir Kuvalja

Vladimir Kuvalja (born 20 June 1977 in Bosnia Herzegovina) is a Yugoslavian road racing cyclist. He won his country's National Championship five times from 1993 to 2012, with pauses of a few years in between victories. He was in a National Team of Yugoslavia, Republic of Srpska and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kuvalja family is in cycling since 1963, his father Tihomir Kuvalja and uncle Tanasija Kuvalja are one of the founders and promotors of cycling in Yugoslavia.
Being the organizer of the UCI GranFondo World Cycling Championship, held from 6 to 10 October this year. in East Sarajevo, after the victory of the Russian athlete Marina Letyaeva, V. Kuvalya ordered to perform the anthem of the Russian Federation, despite the sanctions imposed by WADA against Russian sports. By order of the Federal Agency "Rossotrudnichestvo" dated November 20, 2021, Vladimir Kuvalya, Vice President of the Balkan Cycling Union, was awarded the Badge of Honor "For Friendship and Cooperation".
Kuvalja's is 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) tall and weighs 94 kg (207 lb). He was the youngest rider ever to start Tour de Serbia and (Finish) Tour de Vojvodina at the age of 16.

## Family

Childrens
* Korina Kuvalja (born 2008)
* Nika Kuvalja (born 2013)
Spouse
* 2008 - 2011 Nikolina Kuvalja
* 2024 - Sara Trifunovic
Partner
* 2012 - 2022 Lidija Ljubicic

## Management career

* Since 2008 General Director of the UCI Cycling Race Belgrade Banjaluka UCI 2.1 Cycling race
* Since 2008 Member of the National Olympic Committee BiH,
* Since 2010 Generation For Peace Pioneer,
* Since 2011 Sport Director of the National Federation,
* Since 2013 Director of The Grand Prix Sarajevo UCI 1.2 Cycling Race
* Since 2015 director of the Association For Sport
* Since 2015 Director of The Tour of Bulgaria UCI 2.2 Cycling Race
* Since 2015 Director of the Black Sea Cycling Tour UCI 2.2 Cycling Race
* Since 2016 Vice President of the Balkan Cycling Union
* Since 2018 Director of the Tour de Serbia UCI 2.2 Cycling Race
* Elected for the president of the Balkan Cycling Union
* Since 2022 High school director

## Major results

* 1993 National Champion
* 1994 National Champion
* 1995 World Junior Cup Tour de Greece Youth 15th
* 1996 National Champion
* 2003 EYOF France Paris
* 2005 Mediterranean Games Espana Almeria
* 2005 EYOF Italia
* 2009 Mediterranean Games Italia
* 2012 National Champion Bosnia and Herzegovina
# TV Channel 16/12

TV channel 16/12 — is the only independent news TV channel in Kazakhstan.

## Persecution of the Channel

The Kazakhstan's authorities have repeatedly tried to stop the broadcasting of Channel 16/12. The Channel's employees were intimidated, arrested, their offices were searched and the equipment needed for their work seized. Specifically, in 2014, officers of the National Security Committee of Kazakhstan, along with law enforcement officers of Russia, burst into the office of the production company which was making videos for the TV Channel 16/12. They conducted a search, withdrew hard discs from the operating computers and took them away. Soon after that, a similar search was conducted in the Astana office of a company which was also making videos for the opposition channel. During the search, the equipment needed for their work was seized. Prior to this, Sanat Urnaliyev, journalist of TV Channel 16/12, and Viktor Gudz, the cameraman, were subjected to administrative arrest on a fake charge, along with a correspondent of Radio Azattyk, the Kazakh service of the Radio Liberty.
Other employees of the Channel were repeatedly subjected to administrative arrest on fake charges as well. For instance, Dmitri Schelokov was arrested for 15 days for appearing in front of the administrative Court building to support the arrested journalist Andrei Tsukanov. Prior to this, Dmitri Schelokov and Rinat Kibrayev had been arrested for 10 days for intending to take part in the meeting with Akim Akhmetzhan Yesimov arranged especially for Almaty bloggers. Apart from blocking the access for the journalists with no reasons offered, they were put behind the bars.
On 11 July 2014, the Almaty inter-district administrative court sentenced correspondent Andrei Tsukanov to 15 days of arrest for covering the protest action of flat letters against the arbitrariness of police officers. Tsukanov was detained when he was making video recording. During the arrest, the police officers beat Andrei and confiscated his press ID.
# Connecticut's 11th House of Representatives district

Connecticut's 11th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It encompasses parts of the towns of East Hartford, Manchester, and South Windsor. It has been represented by Democrat Patrick Biggins since 2025.

## Recent Elections
### 2020

2020 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, District 11 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Jeffrey Currey (incumbent) | 5,845 | 69.72 |
| | Republican | Matt Harper | 2,329 | 27.78 |
| | Independent Party | Matt Harper | 210 | 2.50 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 8,384 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2018

2018 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, District 11 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Jeffrey Currey (incumbent) | 4,547 | 100.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,547 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2016

2016 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, District 11 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Jeffrey Currey (incumbent) | 5,794 | 100.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 5,794 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2014

2014 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, District 11 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Jeffrey Currey | 2,682 | 65.7 |
| | Republican | Jack W. Jacobs | 1,400 | 34.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 4,082 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

### 2012

2012 Connecticut State House of Representatives election, District 11 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tim Larson | 5,043 | 77.1 |
| | Republican | Thomas A. Ogar | 1,495 | 22.9 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,538 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
# Treaty of Kulja

The Treaty of Kulja (also spelled Kuldja; Chinese: 中俄伊犁塔爾巴哈臺通商章程; Russian: Кульджинский трактат) was a treaty between Qing China and the Russian Empire, signed in 1851, opening Kulja (Huiyuan and later Ningyuan) and Chuguchak to Sino-Russian trade. Prepared by the first Russian consul to China, Ivan Zakharov, the treaty was preceded by a gradual Russian advance throughout the nineteenth century into Kazakhstan in direct competition with British efforts to impose self-advantageous trade terms on China.

## Historical context

Cross-border trade became increasingly important to Russia and China in the 19th century with Russian merchants trading illegally at Kulja in Xinjiang's Yili River Valley. In 1803, Tsar Alexander I attempted to negotiate the opening of the entire Sino-Russian border to trade. This effort failed, however, when the Tsar's representative refused to kow-tow to a tablet representing the Emperor.
Preceded by a gradual Russian advance throughout the 19th century into Kazakhstan, in direct competition with British efforts to impose self-advantageous trade terms on China, the treaty was signed on July 25, 1851, by the General of Ili and his assistant. Under its terms Kulja (Huiyuan and later Ningyuan) and Chuguchak (modern Tacheng) were opened to Russian trade. However the Qing court denied the Russian request to include trading in Kashgar.
The treaty also allowed Russian merchants to trade and Russian consuls to reside in the Xinjiang towns of Yili (Huiyuan before 1863 and Ningyuan after 1882) and Tarbagatai. Russian trade with Xinjiang flourished and Alma Ata was founded in 1854 to become an important link in this trade.
While the treaty primarily legalized ongoing practice, it also recognized the growing Russian presence in Central Asia. China's defenses on this border had been greatly neglected since the start of the 19th century.
The official text of the treaty was written in Russian, French and Manchu; the original treaty did not have an official Chinese version.
# Heptapleurum wrayi

Heptapleurum wrayi is a species of flowering plant in the family Araliaceae. It is a tree native to Peninsular Malaysia and Peninsular Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Spantsi

Spantsi is a village in Gabrovo Municipality, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria.