# Timeline of Syrian history

This is a timeline of Syrian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Syria and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Syria.

## 1st century BC

| Year | Date | Event |
| 64 BC | | Syria became a Roman (later Byzantine) province. |
| 40 BC | | Syria is briefly captured by the Parthian forces under Pacorus I |

## 2nd century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 198 | | Emperor Septimius Severus divided Syria into two provinces called Coele Syria and Syria Phoenice. |

## 6th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 526 | | The 526 Antioch earthquake and conflagration destroyed most of the city. |

## 7th century

| Year | Event |
| 614 | Syria fell to the Sasanian forces under Shahrbaraz |
| 636 | Byzantine rule over Syria came to an end. |
| 661 | The reign of the Umayyad Caliphate began. |

## 8th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 750 | | The reign of the Umayyad Caliphate ended. |

## 10th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 977 | | Fatimid Caliph Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah conquered Ramla. |
| 994 | | The Hamdanid dynasty came to power over Syria. |

## 11th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1033 | | Al-Ma'arri writes "The Epistle of Forgiveness". |
| 1097 | | First Crusade: The forces of the First Crusade captured Antioch. |

## 13th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1260 | 1 March | Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquered Damascus. |
| 1260 | September | Baibars, Mamluk Sultan, wages war with the Mongols to recapture Damascus and Aleppo. |

## 15th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1485 | | The Ottomans invade Anatolia and Syria, starting the first Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–1491). |
| 1491 | | The Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–1491) ends in a stalemate. A peace treaty is signed, returning Mamluk control to the pre-war status quo. |

## 16th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1516 | | The Ottoman Empire established its rule over Syria. |

## 19th century

Massacre of Aleppo 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war

## 20th century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 1918 | | The Ottoman Empire's rule over Syria came to an end. |
| 1918 | 1 October | The Allies of World War I, joined by Arab nationalists, entered Damascus. |
| 1920 | April | San Remo conference: The conference partitioned the Ottoman Empire, establishing a French mandate in Syria and Lebanon. |
| 1925 | July | Great Syrian Revolt: Revolts started against French rule. |
| 1936 | September | The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence was signed. |
| 1939 | | The monks of Alexandretta and Antioch were ceded to Turkey by the French. |
| 1946 | 1 January | Syria was recognized as an independent republic. |
| 1946 | 17 April | French troops evacuated Syria. |
| 1947 | | The first Baʿth Party congress was held in Damascus. |
| 1948 | | 1948 Arab–Israeli War: Syria was involved in the war. |
| 1958 | 1 February | The United Arab Republic (UAR) was formed by the union of Syria and Egypt. |
| 1961 | 28 September | Following a military coup Syria seceded from the UAR, reestablishing itself as the Syrian Arab Republic. |
| 1967 | 5 June | Six-Day War: A war with Israel began. |
| 1967 | | Six-Day War: The Golan Heights were occupied by Israel. |
| 1970 | 13 November | Minister of Defense Hafez al-Assad effected a bloodless military coup and assumed the role of President. |
| 1973 | 6 October | Yom Kippur War: Syria and Egypt fought against Israel. |
| 1974 | May | Syria and Israel signed a disengagement agreement. |
| 1976 | | Syrian occupation of Lebanon: The Syrian occupation of Lebanon began. |
| 1982 | February | A Muslim Brotherhood uprising in Hama was suppressed by the military. |
| 1990 | | Syria participated in a United States-led multinational coalition against Saddam Hussein. |

## 21st century

| Year | Date | Event |
| 2000 | 10 June | Al-Assad died. |
| 2000 | 10 July | Al-Assad's son Bashar al-Assad was made President. |
| 2003 | 5 October | Ain es Saheb airstrike: Israel bombed a site near Damascus. |
| 2005 | | Syrian occupation of Lebanon: Syria withdrew from Lebanon. |
| 2007 | 6 September | Operation Orchard: Israel bombed a target in the area of Deir ez-Zor. |
| 2008 | October | Syria established diplomatic relations with Lebanon. |
| 2011 | 26 January | Syrian Revolution: Anti-government protests began in Syria. |
| 2015 | 30 September | Russia carries out its first air strikes in Syria. |
| 2017 | 7 April | Donald Trump orders a missile attack on an airbase from which Syrian government planes allegedly staged a chemical weapons attack on Khan Shaykhun. |