OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Soyuz 17

Soyuz 17 (Russian: Союз 17, Union 17) was the first of two long-duration missions to the Soviet Union's Salyut 4 space station in 1975. The flight by cosmonauts Aleksei Gubarev and Georgy Grechko set a Soviet mission-duration record of 29 days, surpassing the 23-day record set by the ill-fated Soyuz 11 crew aboard Salyut 1 in 1971.

## Crew

| Position | Cosmonaut | Cosmonaut |
| Commander | Aleksei Gubarev First spaceflight | Aleksei Gubarev First spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer | Georgy Grechko First spaceflight | Georgy Grechko First spaceflight |

### Backup crew

| Position | Cosmonaut | Cosmonaut |
| Commander | Vasily Lazarev | Vasily Lazarev |
| Flight Engineer | Oleg Makarov | Oleg Makarov |

### Reserve crew

| Position | Cosmonaut | Cosmonaut |
| Commander | Pyotr Klimuk | Pyotr Klimuk |
| Flight Engineer | Vitaly Sevastyanov | Vitaly Sevastyanov |

## Mission parameters

* Mass: 6,570 kg (14,480 lb)
* Perigee: 293.0 km (182.1 mi)
* Apogee: 354.0 km (220.0 mi)
* Inclination: 51.6°
* Period: 91.7 minutes

## Mission highlights

Salyut 4 was launched 26 December 1974, and Soyuz 17, with cosmonauts Georgy Grechko and Aleksei Gubarev as its first crew, was launched 16 days later on 10 January 1975. Gubarev manually docked Soyuz 17 to the station on 12 January 1975, and upon entering the new station he and Grechko found a note from its builders which said, "Wipe your feet"!
Salyut 4 was in an unusually high circular orbit of 350 km (220 mi) when Soyuz 17 docked with the station. Salyut designer Konstantin Feoktistov said this was to ensure propellant consumption would be half of what was needed for lower-altitude Salyuts.
The crew worked between 15 and 20 hours a day, including their 21⁄2 hour exercise period. One of their activities included testing communication equipment for tracking ships and contacting mission control via a Molniya satellite. Astrophysics was a major component of the mission, with the station's solar telescope activated on 16 January 1975. The crew later discovered that the main mirror of the telescope had been ruined by direct exposure to sunlight when the pointing system failed. They resurfaced the mirror on 3 February 1975 and worked out a way of pointing the telescope using a stethoscope, stopwatch, and the noises the moving mirror made in its casing.
On 14 January 1975, a ventilation hose was set up from Salyut 4 to keep the Soyuz ventilated while its systems were shut down. On 19 January 1975, it was announced that ion sensors were being used to orient the station, a system described as being more efficient. A new teleprinter was used for communications from the ground crew, freeing the Salyut crew from constant interruptions during their work.
The cosmonauts began powering down the station on 7 February 1975 and they returned to Earth in the Soyuz capsule two days later, on 9 February 1975. They safely landed near Tselinograd in a snowstorm with winds of 72 km/h and wore gravity suits to ease the effects of re-adaptation.
Soyuz-17 Cliff in Antarctica is named after the mission.
# Warren Pitt

Warren Pitt AM (14 March 1948 – 7 February 2025) was an Australian politician. He was a Labor member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1989 to 1995 and 1998 to 2009.

## Background

Born in Cairns, Pitt was a school teacher before entering politics. He underwent national service and was an army reservist from 1969 to 1975 and was active in the local community, being recognised as Mulgrave Shire Citizen of the Year in 1983.
Pitt died on 7 February 2025, at the age of 76.

## Political career

Pitt was elected to state parliament as the member for Mulgrave at the 1989 state election defeating sitting National Party MP Max Menzel. Pitt was himself defeated two terms later at the 1995 state election by the Nationals' Naomi Wilson. Pitt sought a rematch at the 1998 state election, but leakage of Coalition preferences allowed Charles Rappolt of One Nation to defeat Pitt.
Rappolt resigned only four months into his term, and Pitt narrowly defeated Wilson in the resulting by-election, providing Labor Premier Peter Beattie with a majority in his own right (previously Beattie's government had to rely on the support of independent MP Peter Wellington).
Fortuitously, Pitt served all his time in parliament as a member of the majority party. Consequently, he served in a number of government roles. In the government of Wayne Goss, Pitt served as Deputy Government Whip from March to October 1992, Government Whip from October 1992 to February 1995, and Minister for Business, Industry and Regional Development from February to July 1995.
In the government of Peter Beattie, Pitt served as Chair of the Scrutiny of Legislation Committee from May 2001 to January 2004 until he became Minister for Communities and Disability Services in February 2004. He retained the portfolio for years to come, and to his responsibilities were added: Seniors in April 2004, Youth in September 2006, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships in January 2007. That gave Pitt the unusually long title of "Minister for Communities, Disability Services, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships, Seniors and Youth", which he retained until Beattie's retirement in September 2007.
In the government of Anna Bligh, Pitt served as Minister for Main Roads and Local Government from September 2007 until his retirement in February 2009.
Upon his retirement, Pitt's son Curtis was preselected as the Labor candidate in the district of Mulgrave. Curtis Pitt successfully retained the seat for the Labor Party at the 2009 state election, holding the seat until his retirement from politics in 2024.
# Dmitriy Koblov

Dmitriy Koblov (Kazakh: Дмитрий Коблов; born 30 November 1992) is a Kazakhstani athlete competing in the 400 metres hurdles. He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics without advancing from the first round.
His personal best in the event is 49.39 seconds set in Bishkek in 2016.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Kazakhstan ||||||
| 2009 | World Youth Championships | Brixen, Italy | 6th | 400 m hurdles (84 cm) | 52.55 |
| 2010 | Asian Junior Championships | Hanoi, Vietnam | 4th | 400 m hurdles | 51.30 |
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 40th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 54.31 |
| 2013 | Universiade | Kazan, Russia | 14th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 53.60 |
| 2014 | Asian Games | Incheon, South Korea | 14th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 52.01 |
| 2015 | Asian Championships | Wuhan, China | 5th | 400 m hurdles | 50.89 |
| 2015 | Universiade | Gwangju, South Korea | 24th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 52.22$^1$ |
| 2016 | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 33rd (h) | 400 m hurdles | 49.87 |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 4th | 400 m hurdles | 50.30 |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 8th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:11.49 |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 12th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 50.84 |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 9th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:09.97 |
| 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 6th | 400 m hurdles | 50.60 |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Doha, Qatar | 13th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 51.39 |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 12th (sf) | 400 m hurdles | 50.81 |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 9th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:11.70 |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 16th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 51.13 |
$^1$Did not finish in the semifinals
# Ervin Bauer

Ervin Bauer (19 October 1890, Lőcse, Hungary, Austria-Hungary – 11 January 1938, Leningrad, Soviet Union) was a Hungarian biologist. He developed the first detailed concept of theoretical biology from the standpoint of biophysics and bioenergetics. He is also known for his work in pathology.

## Biography

Ervin Bauer was born on October 19, 1890 in a family of teachers. He studied medicine in Budapest, then worked in Hungary, Austria, Germany, Czechoslovakia, again in Germany, and finally in the USSR. In 1920, when working in Göttingen, he formulated his concept of the sustainable non-equilibrium of the living being in an article (English translation) and then in his first monograph. In 1921, Bauer moved to Prague, where, thanks to the patronage of Wilhelm Roux, he worked at the Institute of General Biology at Charles University. In 1923, Bauer moved to Berlin, where he proposed the dependence of tumour growth on the surface tension of embryonic lymph cells and lymph nodes.
In 1925 Ervin Bauer moved to Soviet Union, where he worked in Moscow at the Institute of Professional Diseases named after V. Obukh, then in the Biological Institute named after K.A. Timiryazev, and at the Second Moscow Medical Institute. From 1933 Bauer lived and worked in Leningrad at the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine (VIEM), where he was head of the department of general biology . In 1935, Ervin Bauer published a monograph Theoretical Biology, in which he described the general thermodynamic features of living systems. His writings became influential for the development of theoretical biology.
Ervin Bauer's first wife was a writer Margit Kaffka (who died from Spanish flu in 1918), and his second wife was a mathematician Stefánia Szilárd. Bauer and his wife Stefánia were arrested by NKVD on 4 August 1937, and both were shot on 11 January 1938. After the execution of Bauer and his wife in 1938, their publications were banned, and it took years before they could be reprinted. Ervin Bauer was the younger brother of Béla Balázs.

## Research

Ervin Bauer formulated the principle of the sustainable non-equilibrium state which he considered as the basic characteristics of living matter: “The living systems are never in equilibrium; at the expense of their free energy they constantly perform work to avoid the equilibrium required by the laws of physics and chemistry under existing external conditions”.
Bauer's principle is incorporated into the non-linear thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Living systems in this framework cannot support their organization only due to the influx of external energy, i.e. the ordering internal factor is involved. The activity of a living system is fully determined by the internal pattern of its non-equilibrium state, and any work performed by the biological system appears as the work of its structural forces. The process of evolution, according to Bauer, corresponds to the increase in external work, which aims to exploit additional resources to maintain the living state of evolving biosystems.
# 1862 in Siam

The year 1862 was the 81st year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam (now known as Thailand). It was the twelfth year in the reign of King Mongkut.

## Incumbents

* King: Mongkut
* Front Palace: Pinklao
* Supreme Patriarch: Pavares Variyalongkorn

## Events
### March

* 15 March- British Governess Anna Leonowens arrived in Bangkok with her son Louis to teach English to 82 children. There she met His Majesty King Mongkut.

### December
## Births

* 21 June - Prince Tisavarakumarn is born in Bangkok.

## Deaths

* 18 June - Jean-Baptiste Pallegoix died in Bangkok.
# Amblypharyngodon grandisquamis

Amblypharyngodon grandisquamis, the Sri Lanka silver carplet, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae, the danios or danionins. This species is endemic to Sri Lanka. This taxon was previously considered to be a synonym of A. melettinus but is now considered to be a valid species, differing from A. melettinus both morphologically and genetically. It is the only species in the genus Amblypharyngodon found in Sri Lanka where it occurs in the lowland floodplains in both the wet and dry zones.Here it shows a preferenece for slow moving and still waters in canals, rivers, reservoirs and marshes, up to 460 m (1,510 ft) above sea level. This species is slow moving and is typically observed in large schools near the surface of the water. During the rainy season the adults are found in rice paddies, where they probably spawn.
# Jino Jojo

Jino Jojo (born 19 March 1987) is an Indian-born Danish cricketer, who has played for Denmark's national cricket team. In October 2018, he was named in Denmark's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament in Oman. Known as an all-rounder, Jojo played in Denmark's fixture against the United States on 15 November 2018.
In May 2019, Jojo was named in Denmark's squad for a five-match series against Leinster Lightning in Ireland, in preparation for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier tournament in Guernsey. The same month, he was named in Denmark's squad for the Regional Finals qualification tournament. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Denmark, against Jersey, on 16 June 2019.
In August 2019, Jojo was named in Denmark's squad for the 2019 Malaysia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament. He made his List A debut against Malaysia, in the Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament on 16 September 2019.
# A. H. M. Jones

Arnold Hugh Martin Jones FBA (9 March 1904 – 9 April 1970), known also as A. H. M. Jones or Hugo Jones, was a prominent 20th-century British historian of classical antiquity, particularly of the later Roman Empire.

## Biography

Jones's best-known work, The Later Roman Empire, 284–602 (1964), is sometimes considered the definitive narrative history of late Rome and early Byzantium, beginning with the reign of the Roman tetrarch Diocletian and ending with that of the Byzantine emperor Maurice. One of the most common modern criticisms of this work is its almost total reliance on literary and epigraphic primary sources, a methodology which mirrored Jones's own historiographical training. Archaeological study of the period was in its infancy when Jones wrote, which limited the amount of material culture he could include in his research.
He published his first book, The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces, in 1937. In 1946, he was appointed to the chair of the Ancient History department at University College, London. In 1951, he moved to Cambridge University and assumed the same post there. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1947.
Jones was reportedly an extremely fast reader with an encyclopedic memory. His disdain for "small talk" sometimes made him seem remote and cold to those who did not know him well, but he was warmly regarded by his students. He was sometimes criticized for not fully acknowledging the work of other scholars in his own footnotes, a habit he was aware of and apologized for in the preface to his first book.
Jones died of a heart attack in 1970 while travelling by boat to Thessaloniki to give a series of lectures. In 1972, John Crook published posthumously Jones' draft of The Criminal Courts of the Roman Republic and Principate.

## Legacy

Since Jones' death, popular awareness of his work has often been overshadowed by the work of scholars of Late Antiquity, a period which did not exist as a separate field of study during his lifetime. Late Antiquity scholars frequently refer to him, however, and his enormous contributions to the study of the period are widely acknowledged.

## Works

* History of Abyssinia (1935)
* The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1937).
* The Herods of Judaea (1938)
* The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian (1940)
* Ancient Economic History (1948)
* Constantine and the Conversion of Europe (1948)
* Athenian Democracy (1957)
* Studies in Roman Government and Law (1960)
* The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey (1964)
* The Decline of the Ancient World (1966)
* Sparta (1967)
* Augustus (1970)
* The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, with John Robert Martindale and John Morris (1971)
* The Criminal Courts of the Roman Republic and Principate (1972).
# Eastmanalepes

Eastmanalepes (meaning "Eastman's scale) is an extinct genus of prehistoric jackfish known from the Eocene of Europe. It contains a single species, E. primaevus, known from the late Ypresian of the Monte Bolca site in Italy. It was originally described as a species of the jackfish genus Caranx, which it has a superficially similar outline to. However, it differs from Caranx, and almost all other jackfish, in that it has very large, very pronounced scutes along its lateral line. According to Bannikov, E. primaevus is probably more related to the extinct jackfish genera, Eothynnus and Teratichthys.
# Kazan, Çukurca

Kazan (Kurdish: Tîyar) is a village in the Çukurca District in Hakkâri Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Jirkî tribe and had a population of 184 in 2023.
The hamlets of Benekli (Sîvsîdan) and Yaprak (Gise) are attached to Kazan. Benekli is unpopulated.

## History

The modern village of Kazan is centered on the historically Assyrian village of Rāgūlā d'Sālābakkān. also known as Salabagh. According to Badger, the village contained 120 families in 1850, in 1877 Cutts records 200 families in the village.
The village was the home of the chiefs of the Lower Tyareh tribe until 1909, hence the Kurdish name of the village "Tîyar".

## Population

Population history of the village from 2017 to 2023:
# Proibito

Proibito (Forbidden) is a 1954 Italian drama film directed by Mario Monicelli and starring Mel Ferrer.

## Cast

* Mel Ferrer as Don Paolo Solinas
* Amedeo Nazzari as Costantino Corraine
* Lea Massari as Agnese Barras
* Henri Vilbert as Niccodemo Barras
* Germaine Kerjean as Maddalena Solinas
* Paolo Ferrara as Maresciallo Taddei
* Eduardo Ciannelli as Vescovo
* Decimo Cristiani as Antonio
* Ornella Spegni as La vedova Casu
* Memmo Luisi as Antioco
* Marco Guglielmi as Mareddu
# Rommy Diaz Putra

Rommy Diaz Putra (born 22 July 1980 in Batusangkar, West Sumatra) is an Indonesian footballer. He normally plays as a defender. He is a former player for the Indonesia U-23 Team. During his first 3 seasons at Semen Padang, Rommy just sat on the bench. In 2003, his career took off under the direction of his coach, Suhatman Imam, and he was featured in the premier line-up. That confidence was repaid with good performances, and guaranteed a strong defence for Semen Padang.
His performance received special appreciation from Sergei Dubrovin, coach of the national team of Vietnam for the Sea Games XXII. He became the first choice as defence of the ‘Merah Putih’ team. "More his age, he more adult or mature. Without his contribute the became not equal or balance", said Syafrianto Rusli, architect of Semen Padang. Putra said, "First since, I want to choose position as a defensive or back player. I don't know why. But, its like, there are more challenge, for replace defender equal other position".
Although he has become a stable footballer, he is considering retirement, and he believes that his injury is telling him to retire. "I ever knee's injured during 4 months. Some make me thinking opportunity to retire from football. His luck, after medicine to anywhere, the injured can be recovered", said Ira Octaviani's husband.

## National team career

* 2002: futsal national team
* 2003: SEA Games Vietnam
# Daniele Adani

Daniele Adani (Italian pronunciation:; born 10 July 1974) is an Italian football pundit and former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

## Club career

Adani started his career in Serie B with Modena, making his first team debuts at the age of 18. In 1994, he transferred to top level's Lazio but, after two gameless months, moved to Brescia in November; subsequently, he followed the club's promotion and relegation between the first and second divisions, appearing in nearly 200 official matches.
In 1999, Adani transferred to Fiorentina for 7 billion lire (€3.615 million), winning the Italian Cup in his second season. In 2002, the club faced bankruptcy, and the player signed for Inter Milan on a free transfer. Though he was not regarded as member of the starting lineup, he would be in the starting lineup more times than expected, managing to score two goals during his two-season stint (in away wins against Empoli and Ancona); he also broke his nose while playing for the Nerazzurri and decided to play with a titanium mask, as Paolo Maldini had done previously. Adani also wore a similar non-metallic mask after he recovered, but dropped it shortly after.
In 2004, Adani returned to Brescia, but left the club in March of the following year, along with Roberto Guana. He joined Ascoli shortly after, appearing in only three games as the Marche side managed to retain its top flight status.
Before retiring from professional football at the age of 34, Adani played two years with Empoli, both in the first division, being regularly used in his first year, as the club qualified to the UEFA Cup, but only in six games in his second, as the club were relegated. In 2009, Adani returned to football with amateurs Sammartinese, in Seconda Categoria (ninth level).

## International career

Adani received five appearances for Italy in four years. On 15 November 2000, he debuted in a 1–0 friendly victory against England, coming on as a substitute to Alessandro Nesta. On 27 March 2002, in another exhibition match against the same opponent, Adani made his second appearance in a 2–1 victory at Elland Road, again as a second-half substitute.

## Style of play

Regarded as a promising defender in his youth, Adani was known for his composure on the ball and versatility; although he was usually deployed as a man marking centre-back, he was capable of playing anywhere along the back line.

## Coaching career

He obtained UEFA B coaching license in 2008. (third category of the license) In 2010, he got the A license, made him eligible to coach Serie C team or as an assistant head coach in higher divisions. On 19 July 2011, it was announced that he would be the assistant head coach of Serie B team Vicenza, under Silvio Baldini.

## TV commentator

In 2010, he started working as a color commentator for Sportitalia. In 2012, he joined Sky Sport (Italy). After joining RAI as a commentator, during 2022 World Cup quarter finals, Adani compared Lionel Messi with Jesus, saying that the Argentinian is capable of making wine from water.

## Honours

Fiorentina
* Coppa Italia: 2000–01
# Rebecca Orendorz

Rebecca Orendorz née Graeve (born 28 April 1993) is a German ice hockey player and member of the German national team, currently playing in the German Women's Ice Hockey League (DFEL) with ESC Planegg.
Active with the German national team since 2011, she participated in the IIHF Women's World Championship Top Division tournaments in 2012, 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021.
In 2020, she married German ice hockey defenseman Dieter Orendorz.