OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pre-algebra

Pre-algebra is a common name for a course taught in middle school mathematics in the United States, usually taught in the 6th, 7th, 8th, or 9th grade. The main objective of it is to prepare students for the study of algebra. Usually, Algebra I is taught in the 8th or 9th grade.
As an intermediate stage after arithmetic, pre-algebra helps students pass specific conceptual barriers. Students are introduced to the idea that an equals sign, rather than just being the answer to a question as in basic arithmetic, means that two sides are equivalent and can be manipulated together. They may also learn how numbers, variables, and words can be used in the same ways.

## Subjects

Subjects taught in a pre-algebra course may include:
* Review of natural number arithmetic
* Types of numbers such as integers, fractions, decimals and negative numbers
* Ratios and percents
* Factorization of natural numbers
* Properties of operations such as associativity and distributivity
* Simple (integer) roots and powers
* Rules of evaluation of expressions, such as operator precedence and use of parentheses
* Basics of equations, including rules for invariant manipulation of equations
* Understanding of variable manipulation
* Manipulation and plotting in the standard 4-quadrant Cartesian coordinate plane
* Powers in scientific notation (example: 340,000,000 in scientific notation is 3.4 × 10$^8$)
* Identifying Probability
* Solving Square roots
* Pythagorean Theorem
Pre-algebra may include subjects from geometry, especially to further the understanding of algebra in applications to area and volume.
Pre-algebra may also include subjects from statistics to identify probability and interpret data.
Proficiency in pre-algebra is an indicator of college success. It can also be taught as a remedial course for college students.
# Bishopthorpe Rural District

53°52′16″N 1°08′24″W﻿ / ﻿53.871°N 1.140°W﻿ / 53.871; -1.140 Bishopthorpe was a rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1894 to 1937.
It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from that part of the York Rural Sanitary District which was in the West Riding. It included the parishes of Acaster Malbis, Askham Richard, Bishopthorpe, Copmanthorpe, Dringhouses Without and Middlethorpe Without.
It was abolished in 1937 by a County Review Order. Part joined the county borough of York, with the rest becoming part of the Tadcaster Rural District in the West Riding.
# Erkerode

Erkerode is a small village and a community in the District of Wolfenbüttel, in the south-east of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is nearly 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south-east of Braunschweig. The Elm, a range of forested hills, is close by.
The town of Erkerode was first mentioned in historic documents in 1175 (Erikeroth). The village belonged to the noble family of Veltheim since the 12th century. It was part of the court of Destedt. There are still many medieval farm houses of various types to be seen in the village today.
# Pet Rock

Pet Rock is a collectible toy made in 1975 by advertising executive Gary Dahl. They were rocks packaged in custom cardboard boxes complete with ventilation holes and straw bedding imitating a pet carrier. The fad lasted about six months, ending after a short increase in sales during the Christmas season of December 1975. Although by February 1976 they were discounted due to lower sales, Dahl sold over one million Pet Rocks for $4 each, and became a millionaire.

## History

Gary Dahl came up with the idea in a bar while listening to his friends complain about their pets; this gave him the idea for the perfect "pet": a rock. A rock would not need to be fed, walked, bathed, or groomed, and it would not die, become sick, or be disobedient. Dahl said that they were to be the perfect pets and joked about it with his friends before eventually producing Pet Rocks as toys in 1975.
In 2022, the toy company Super Impulse purchased the rights to the Pet Rock, reviving the brand. In the 2020s, Pet Rocks grew in popularity in South Korea as tools for meditation or venting out frustrations. Members of K-pop groups such as Seventeen and Enhypen are noted to post about their Pet Rocks online.

## Cultural impact and legacy

The Pet Rock has had a lasting impact on popular culture. The character Zoe from Sesame Street owns a pet rock called Rocco. A video of Elmo from Sesame Street shouting at Rocco went viral in early 2022.
In the film Minions: The Rise of Gru, the character Otto acquires a Pet Rock. He trades the zodiac stone for it, an integral point of the plot. To promote the film, Sabec Limited released an official Pet Rock video game for Nintendo Switch. A Funko Pop depicting Otto with his Pet Rock was also released.
A24 produced an official licensed Pet Rock as a tie-in for the film Everything Everywhere All at Once. This version of the Pet Rock has a pair of googly eyes attached in reference to a scene from that film. Also included are the straw bedding and instructions of the original, and a new version of the ventilated box printed with scenery from the film.
The video game Magic: The Gathering Arena features a Pet Rock named Dwayne.
In the 1999 movie Office Space the characters discuss the Pet Rock, with one of the characters admiring Dahl's initiative, stating "the guy made a million dollars", then discussing a similar, gimmicky product he would like to sell himself.
In the MMORPG World of Warcraft Pet Rocks are obtainable items with no purpose.
During the travels of the Perseverance rover on Mars, NASA scientists had observed around Sol 341 (February 4, 2022) that a small rock had dropped into one of its wheels. The rock was visible from one of the hazard avoidance cameras, and was determined not to be harmful to the rover's mission. The rock has since stayed on Perseverance's wheel for around 427 sols (439 days) as the rover traveled over 6 miles (9.7 km) on the Martian surface. NASA deemed that Perseverance had adopted a pet rock for its journey. Later the rover picked up another pet rock named "Dwayne".
# Janin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Janin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sicienko, within Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central of Poland. It lies 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Sicienko and 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.
# Thurles Golf Club

Thurles Golf Club has existed since at least 1909, when it affiliated to the Golfing Union. The club's current course is located just to the south of Thurles town in the townland of Turtulla. Its clubhouse is based around Turtulla House, the former manor house of this townland, which, along with 218 acres, were bought for the club in 1944.
# 1700 Market

1700 Market is a high-rise building located in the Market West region of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The building stands at 430 feet (130 meters) with 32 floors, and was completed in 1968. It is currently tied with Two Logan Square as the 20th-tallest building in Philadelphia. The architect of the building was Murphy Levy Wurman. 1700 Market has the distinction of being the tallest building in Philadelphia built during the 1960s.
1700 Market is a 32-story, Class A trophy office building totaling 841,172 square feet located in the heart of Center City, Philadelphia. Sitting on 1.39 acres, the property also includes a five-story; seven hundred and thirty-five (735) space parking garage. The lower level contains retail services, building storage, and office areas. Positioned approximately two blocks from City Hall and two blocks from Rittenhouse Square, 1700 Market Street boasts the quintessential “main and main” location in the City of Philadelphia. Built in 1969 by Charles Luckman & Associates, the superstructure is cast-in-place, waffle-slab construction with precast concrete panels. Precast curtain wall concrete panels contain punch-outs with anodized single-glazed tinted glazing
# Order-2 apeirogonal tiling

Apeirogonal tiling :
| Type | Regular tiling |
| Vertex configuration | ∞.∞ [[File:|40px]] |
| Face configuration | V2.2.2... |
| Schläfli symbol(s) | {∞,2} |
| Wythoff symbol(s) | 2 | ∞ 2 2 2 | ∞ |
| Coxeter diagram(s) | |
| Symmetry | [∞,2], (*∞22) |
| Rotation symmetry | [∞,2]$^+$, (∞22) |
| Dual | Apeirogonal hosohedron |
| Properties | Vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive |
In geometry, an order-2 apeirogonal tiling, apeirogonal dihedron, or infinite dihedron is a tessellation (gap-free filling with repeated shapes) of the plane consisting of two apeirogons. It may be considered an improper regular tiling of the Euclidean plane, with Schläfli symbol {∞, 2}. Two apeirogons joined along all their edges can completely fill the entire plane, as an apeirogon is infinite in size and has an interior angle of 180°, which is half of a full 360°.

## Related tilings and polyhedra

Similarly to the uniform polyhedra and the uniform tilings, eight uniform tilings may be based from the regular apeirogonal tiling. The rectified and cantellated forms are duplicated, and as two times infinity is also infinity, the truncated and omnitruncated forms are also duplicated, therefore reducing the number of unique forms to four: the apeirogonal tiling, the apeirogonal hosohedron, the apeirogonal prism, and the apeirogonal antiprism.
Order-2 regular or uniform apeirogonal tilings :
| (∞ 2 2) | Wythoff symbol | Schläfli symbol | Vertex config. | Tiling name |
| Parent | 2 | ∞ 2 | {∞,2} | ∞.∞ | Apeirogonal dihedron |
| Truncated | 2 2 | ∞ | t{∞,2} | 2.∞.∞ | Apeirogonal dihedron |
| Rectified | 2 | ∞ 2 | r{∞,2} | 2.∞.2.∞ | Apeirogonal dihedron |
| Birectified (dual) | ∞ | 2 2 | {2,∞} | 2$^∞$ | Apeirogonal hosohedron |
| Bitruncated | 2 ∞ | 2 | t{2,∞} | 4.4.∞ | Apeirogonal prism |
| Cantellated | ∞ 2 | 2 | rr{∞,2} | 4.4.∞ | Apeirogonal prism |
| Omnitruncated (Cantitruncated) | ∞ 2 2 | | tr{∞,2} | 4.4.∞ | Apeirogonal prism |
| Snub | | ∞ 2 2 | sr{∞,2} | 3.3.3.∞ | Apeirogonal antiprism |
# Nils Fiechter

Nils Miles Fiechter (Swiss Standard German:; born 18 August 1996) is a Swiss politician who currently serves on the Grand Council of Bern for the Swiss People's Party since 2023. Concurrently he also serves as president of the Young SVP since 2024.
Although he was born in Switzerland, he is Swiss Canadian, by his maternal family, and holds dual citizenship of both countries. In 2022, Fiechter was convicted by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, on racial discrimination charges. Specifically regarding discrimination against Romani people.
By the Bernese daily newspaper, Berner Zeitung, Fiechter has been referred to as "the young Donald Trump of Frutigen" in 2017.

## Early life and education

Fiechter was born 18 August 1996 in Thun, Switzerland, to a Swiss father and Canadian-born Theresa Fiechter (née Sidler). His maternal grandmother resides in New Jersey. Between 2012 and 2015 he completed a commercial apprenticeship in municipal administration at the town hall of Kandersteg.

## Career

Fiechter has been employed as communal secretary in Oberwil im Simmental since 2019. He previously worked at the Department of Social Insurance ("Amt für Sozialversicherungen") at the Canton of Bern.
In June 2024, Fiechter surprised with an interview in Russia Today, criticising a Peace Conference in Switzerland. David Noser from the Young GLP criticized the fact that the "party president [Nils Fiechter] is allowing himself to be used for Russian propaganda"
# Romano-Germanic Museum

The Roman-Germanic Museum (RGM, in German: Römisch-Germanisches Museum) is an archaeological museum in Cologne, Germany. It has a large collection of Roman artifacts from the Roman settlement of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, on which modern Cologne is built. The museum protects the original site of a Roman town villa, from which a large Dionysus mosaic remains in its original place in the basement, and the related Roman Road just outside. In this respect the museum is an archaeological site.
The museum also has the task of preserving the Roman cultural heritage of Cologne, and therefore houses an extensive collection of Roman glass from funerals and burials and also exercises archaeological supervision over the construction of the Cologne underground.
Most of the museum's collection was housed at the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne until 1946. In the front of the museum the former northern town gate of Cologne with the inscription CCAA (for Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium) is on display in the building.

## The museum

The Römisch-Germanisches Museum, which opened in 1974, is near Cologne Cathedral, on the site of a 3rd-century villa. The villa was discovered in 1941 during the construction of an air-raid shelter. On the floor of the main room of the villa is the renowned Dionysus mosaic. Since the mosaic could not be moved easily, the architects Klaus Renner and Heinz Röcke designed the museum around the mosaic. The inner courtyards of the museum mimic the layout of the ancient villa.
In addition to the Dionysus mosaic, which dates from around A.D. 220/230, there is the reconstructed sepulchre of the legionary Poblicius (about A.D. 40). There is also an extensive collection of Roman glassware as well as an array of Roman and medieval jewellery. Many artefacts of everyday life in Roman Cologne, ivory and bone objects, bronzes — including portraits of Roman emperor Augustus and his wife Livia Drusilla —, coins, wall paintings, inscriptions, pottery and architectural fragments round out the displays.
The museum has the world's largest collection of Roman glass vessels from the 1st to 4th centuries, with more than 4,000 complete collection pieces, including a large number of luxury glasses such as figure vessels, snake thread glasses, cut glasses and tricolor diatretes, for example the famous Cologne cage cup from the 4th century, a top piece known among experts. Typical are glass drinking vessels that are decorated with attached glass drops of a different color, the so-called Cologne nubs. The collection, which also includes Franconian glass, continues to grow through excavation finds from the Roman necropolises.
On the night of 18 January 2007, Cyclone Kyrill blew a sheet of plywood through the glass front of the museum right onto the Dionysus mosaic. The damage was repaired within a week.
# Johann Kulik

Johann (Johannes) Kulik (January 1, 1800 – May 5, 1872) considered one of the best Prague makers / luthiers of the 19th century. He was a pupil of Schembera, Prague, and of Martin Stoss, Vienna.
His workmanship is exemplary throughout. His scrolls, for example, are most beautiful and the material always handsome. The varnish is mostly thick and hard but transparent. Superb choice of woods.
He based his models always on the basis of some fine Italian specimen he had handled including Antonio Stradivari, Joseph Guarneri filius Andreae, Pietro Guarneri, and Giovanni Paolo Maggini. After 1850, he got enthusiastic about a specimen of Andrea Guarneri and henceforth followed his master almost exclusively. Some superb examples bear coat of arms, as they were commissioned by nobility.
His chief disciple was ( aside from Josef Barchanek) J.B. Dvorak.
# 1918 Eighth Avenue

1918 Eighth Avenue is a 500-foot-tall (150 m) skyscraper in the Denny Regrade neighborhood of Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It was completed in 2009 and has 36 floors, consisting mostly of office space. On August 25, 2008, the tower gained its first tenant, law firm Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro. The firm leased 21,000 square feet (2,000 m$^2$) of the building. The 658,744-square-foot (61,199.3 m$^2$) building was developed by Schnitzer West, LLC and is now owned by an affiliate of JPMorgan Chase, which purchased it for $350 million after Schnitzer put it up for sale in May 2011, shortly after Amazon.com signed a long-term lease for more than two thirds of the office space.
# Patryk Czarnowski

Patryk Czarnowski, (born 1 November 1985) is a Polish former volleyball player. He was part of the Polish national team in 2010–2011, silver medallist at the 2011 World Cup, three–time Polish Champion (2016, 2017, 2018).

## Personal life

Czarnowski was born in Ostróda, Poland. He has brother Dariusz. He graduated School of Sports Championship in Spała. He studied pedagogy at the Warmian-Masurian University in Olsztyn. On August 1, 2013 his girlfriend Jagoda gave birth to their son Michał. He is married to Jagoda (née Majewska).

## Career
### Clubs

In 2012 he came back to Jastrzębski Węgiel. In season 2012/3013 Czarnowaki won the bronze medal of Polish Championship. In 2013/2014 the club advanced to the Final Four of the Champions League in Ankara and after defeating VC Zenit Kazan won the bronze medal. His team beat ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle in the last matches in the fight for a medal. Jastrzębski Węgiel ended season with second bronze, this time of Polish Championship. In season 2016/17 was a member of team ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle. In May 2017 ZAKSA, including Czarnowski, defended title of Polish Champion. Also in May 2017 it was announced that Czarnowski moved to another Polish club PGE Skra Bełchatów.

### National team

Patryk Czarnowski was first appointed to represent the Polish national team by coach Daniel Castellani in 2010. He representing Poland on World Championship 2010. He debuted in Polish national team on May 29, 2010 in a friendly match with France. He won the silver medal of World Cup 2011.

## Honours
### Club

* CEV Cup
** 2010–11 – with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
* CEV Challenge Cup
** 2008–09 – with Jastrzębski Węgiel
* Domestic
** 2009–10 Polish Cup, with Jastrzębski Węgiel
** 2015–16 Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
** 2016–17 Polish Cup, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
** 2016–17 Polish Championship, with ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
** 2017–18 Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2017–18 Polish Championship, with PGE Skra Bełchatów
** 2018–19 Polish SuperCup, with PGE Skra Bełchatów

### Youth national team

* 2003 European Youth Olympic Festival
* 2005 CEV U19 European Championship

### Individual awards

* 2010: Polish Cup – Best blocker

### Statistics

* 2009–10 PlusLiga – Best blocker (88 blocks)
# Beaver Creek (Reedy Fork tributary)

Beaver Creek is a 6.16 mi (9.91 km) long 2nd order tributary to Reedy Fork, in Guilford County, North Carolina.

## Course

Beaver Creek rises in Forsyth County on the divide between Beaver Creek and East Belews Creek (Dan River). Beaver Creek then flows northeast into Guilford County to meet the Haw River about 3 miles east-southeast of Oak Ridge, North Carolina.

## Watershed

Beaver Creek drains 6.74 square miles (17.5 km$^2$) of area, receives about 45.2 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 409.13 and is about 35% forested.
# Lobanov-Rostovsky

Lobanov-Rostovsky (Russian: Лобанов-Ростовский), feminine: Lobanova-Rostovskaya (Лобанова-Ростовская) is a Russian surname of noble origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksandr Lobanov-Rostovsky, multiple persons
* Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky (1824–1896), Russian statesman and diplomat
* Andrey Lobanov-Rostovsky (1892–1979), Russian officer and American historian
* Dmitry Lobanov-Rostovsky (1758–1838), Russian general and statesman
* Esperanza de Sarachaga, or Esperanza Felicitas Alexandra de Sarachaga y Lobanov Rostovsky, 9th-century courtier and socialite of Spanish and Russian descent
* Mariya Naryshkina [ru], born princess Lobanov-Rostovsky (1789–1854), decorated lady-in-waiting, daughter of Yakov Lobanov-Rostovsky
* Nikita Dmitrievich Lobanov-Rostovsky or Nikita Lobanov
* Nikita Ivanovich Lobanov-Rostovsky (died 1658), Russian nobleman
* Semyon Lobanov-Rostovsky (died after 1597), Russian nobleman and military leader
* Yakov Lobanov-Rostovsky, multiple persons
# Feel No Pain

"Feel No Pain" is a song by English band Sade from their fourth studio album, Love Deluxe (1992). It was released as the album's second single on 16 November 1992, as the follow-up to "No Ordinary Love", and peaked at number 56 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Critical reception

Larry Flick from Billboard complimented "Feel No Pain" as a "luscious slow jam" and "by far, the album's most accessible cut." He explained, "A creative shuffle beat is embellished with subtle and bluesy guitar picking and steamy keyboard passages. Of course, Sade's unique voice is the focal point at all times." Andrew Smith from Melody Maker said, "Sade fashions a polite modern soul, sterile and stripped of ambiguity." A reviewer from Music & Media wrote, "Laid back but nonetheless driven, the second single from the Love Deluxe album is not completely painless, because the repetitive bass pattern makes you tap your feet until they hurt, especially through Nellee Hooper's dance remix."

## Retrospective response

In a 2017 retrospective review, Justin Chadwick from Albumism described the song as a "percussive" and "compassionate call-to-arms that reminds us to treat the poverty-stricken with the dignity and decency they deserve, while encouraging us to do what we can to ease people's suffering in times of financial turmoil and family upheaval." In 2010, the Daily Vault's Mark Millan said that it "comes off as a cool, breezy, and somewhat groovy funk song." He also noted "the icy vocals [that] are in complete contrast with the club-ready, slow-burning track."
Frank Guan from Vulture wrote, "All Sade songs are socially engaged at some level, but of the ones that directly reference politics, this is one of the best. Instead of telling the story of a black family trapped by layoffs, poverty, unemployment, and hatred from the third-person, Sade locates herself within its daughter as a first-person narrator. Her intimation that a society that refuses to support its least fortunate members will end in ruin for all doesn't come off as a sermon, but an experience deeply lived. The supporting cast turns in one of its best performances, evoking a spirit at once buoyant, concerned, and trapped."

## Charts

Chart performance for "Feel No Pain" :
| Chart (1992–1993) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 107 |
| Europe (European Dance Radio) | 20 |
| Germany (GfK) | 80 |
| Italy (Musica e dischi) | 20 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 48 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 56 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 59 |
| US Top 100 R&B Singles (Cash Box) | 44 |
# Trondheim og omland

Trondheim og omland is an economic region in Trøndelag county, Norway. It consists of the municipalities of Trondheim, Indre Fosen, Midtre Gauldal, Melhus, Skaun, Malvik, Selbu, Stjørdal and Tydal. The center of the region is the city of Trondheim.
# Filco Foods

Filco Foods is an independent grocery chain based in Llantwit Major, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. As of 2013, Filco has 8 stores and operates as part of the Nisa group. Filco Foods was founded by Phillip Jones in 1946. The original location opened on Wine Street in Llantwit Major in 1946. Goods were packaged and delivered according to the customer shopping lists. In 2010 the company celebrated its 65th anniversary with a charity drive.
In 1964 the store moved to Boverton Road and became self-service. The store brand became Philip Jones Foodmarkets Unlimited and did business under the Spar group. Stores opened in Cowbridge in 1968, Bryntirion in 1970, North Cornelly in 1973, and Talbot Green in 1979. In 1979 Philip Jones Foodmarkets Unlimited left Spar and joined the NISA buying group. In 1982 the Sarn location opened and Caerau in 1990. Philip Jones died in 1997 and Elanor Jones, Ian Hunt and Elizabeth Hunt took over management of the company. The Taibach store opened in 1998 and the store chain became Filco Supermarkets. Filco employees produced a Chariots of Fire style training video titled Chariots of Filco as part of their participation in the Lloyds TSB Cardiff Half Marathon.

## Store locations

Bryntirion, Caerau, Cowbridge, Llantwit Major, Maesteg, North Cornelly; Sarn, Taibach, and Talbot Green.