OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Steven Clifford (author)

Steven A. Clifford is an American author and former businessman and government official. He was the Special Deputy Comptroller of New York City and was CEO of King Broadcasting Company and National Mobile Television. He is most famous for his 2017 book, The CEO Pay Machine.

## Biography

Clifford received his B.A. from Columbia University in 1964 and his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School in 1968. During the New York City financial crisis of the 1970s, he was a special deputy comptroller of New York City, where he was credited for creating the city's integrated financial management system (IFMS) between 1975 and 1977.
From 1987 to 1992, Clifford was CEO of King Broadcasting Company and then National Mobile Television from 1992 to his retirement in 2000.
In 2017, Clifford published The CEO Pay Machine: How It Trashes America and How to Stop It, a book that reveals how corporations craft their compensation packages and criticizes what Clifford calls "outrageous" pay of corporate chief executives, arguing that excessive pay would hurt American businesses and shareholders. In 2019, he delivered a testimony in the United States House Committee on Financial Services.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Clifford's criticism of the corporate pay gap and call to rein in their compensation packages were cited by multiple critics and publications.
Clifford sits on the board of KING-FM, and has been a director of companies including Mosaica Education and Todd Shipyards.
# Nassington

Nassington is a village and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England. The village is on the River Nene and the border with Cambridgeshire, around 8 miles (13 km) west of Peterborough. At the 2021 census, the population of the parish was 867, an increase from 827 at the 2021 Census, and 670 at the 2001 census.
The village's name means 'Promontory place farm/settlement'.
The village has existed since at least Anglo-Saxon times, for an Anglo-Saxon hall was taken over by the Viking king, Cnut the Great, as one of his royal halls. Cnut is known to have visited after 1017, with his court including Aethelric the bishop of Dorchester on Thames. In 1107 Henry I gave the hall and land to the Bishop of Lincoln, Robert Bloet, to endow a prebend.
The village and manor were featured in episode 117, King Cnut's Manor of Time Team (aired 7 March 2004).
The manor is now a private home, but the Prebendal Manor and Tithe Barn Museum, and gardens, are open to the paying public on some days. The gardens only contain plants introduced prior to 1485.
Nassington Homestead is the site of farming buildings dating to approximately 140AD and a site of ongoing annual excavations.
Nassington History Group weeks weekly in the village hall and hosts a repository of information online.
More inform
# 1832 State of the Union Address

The 1832 State of the Union Address was written by Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States. It was delivered to the 22nd United States Congress by a clerk on Tuesday, December 4, 1832. He said, "Although the pestilence which had traversed the Old World has entered our limits and extended its ravages over much of our land, it has pleased Almighty God to mitigate its severity and lessen the number of its victims compared with those who have fallen in most other countries over which it has spread its terrors." He ended with, "Limited to a general superintending power to maintain peace at home and abroad, and to prescribe laws on a few subjects of general interest not calculated to restrict human liberty, but to enforce human rights, this Government will find its strength and its glory in the faithful discharge of these plain and simple duties."
Notably, the President mentioned a case of a US commerce ship being attacked by pirates off the west coast of Sumatra. In addition the President reported that negotiations with Native Americans for removal was proceeding as planned with the exception of the Cherokees of Georgia.
# Ken Herock

Ken Herock (born July 16, 1941) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the American Football League (AFL). He played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers. He played in AFL for the league champion Oakland Raiders in the second AFL-NFL World Championship Game, held after the 1967 season. He attended Munhall High School in Pittsburgh. His six-year pro career was also spent with the Cincinnati Bengals, and the Boston Patriots.
After his playing career ended, Herock became a player personnel executive in the NFL with the Raiders, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and the Atlanta Falcons. He is known for trading Brett Favre from the Falcons to the Green Bay Packers at the urging of head coach Jerry Glanville.

## Career

Herock spent seven seasons as the Raiders' personnel director, and was credited with helping build their Super Bowl XI championship team. He followed Ron Wolf to the expansion Buccaneers, where he held the title of Director of Player Personnel for the team's first eight years. During his tenure, the Buccaneers reached the playoffs in only four years, at that time the fastest of any NFL team. At the expiration of his contract in 1984, Herock found that he could make more money than he was being offered by Buccaneers owner Hugh Culverhouse, but the frugal Culverhouse refused to increase his offer. Coach Howard Schnellenberger then made Herock his first hire, offering him the same position with the USFL Washington Federals. This failed to pan out, as the team's planned move to Miami coincided with the USFL's planned move to a fall schedule, and their prospective owner canceled his purchase of the team rather than try to compete head-to-head with the Miami Dolphins and Hurricanes.

## Honors

Herock is a member of the West Virginia Hall of Fame.
# Jérôme Sanchez

Jérôme Sanchez (born March 2, 1990) is a French professional basketball player for Stade Rochelais of the Pro A.
Sanchez signed with Boulazac on June 17, 2015. He re-signed with the team on July 13, 2017.
# Giovanni Gallina (footballer)

Giovanni Gallina (Italian pronunciation:; 1 January 1892 – 1963) was an Italian footballer who played as a forward. He represented the Italy national football team twice, the first being on 11 January 1914, the occasion of a friendly match against Austria in a 0–0 home draw.
# Paul Oglesby

Paul William Oglesby (January 9, 1939 – September 25, 1994) was an American professional football tackle who played one season with the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League (AFL). Oglesby played college football at Riverside Junior College and the University of California, Los Angeles.

## Early life and college

Paul William Oglesby was born on January 9, 1939, in San Francisco, California. He attended Riverside Polytechnic High School in Riverside, California.
Oglesby first played college football at Riverside Junior College in 1956. He was then a three-year letterman for the UCLA Bruins of the University of California, Los Angeles from 1957 to 1959.

## Professional career

Oglesby was selected by the St. Louis Cardinals in the tenth round, with the 113th overall pick, of the 1960 NFL draft, and by the Houston Oilers in the 1960 AFL draft. He decided to sign with the Oilers. He was later released on August 1, 1960, after leaving the team.
Oglesby signed with the Oakland Raiders of the AFL on September 8, 1960. He played in all 14 games, starting 12, for the Raiders during the team's inaugural 1960 season. The Raiders finished the year with a 6–8 record. Oglesby was released in 1961.

## Personal life

Oglesby died on September 25, 1994, in Riverside.
# Twocanoes

Twocanoes Software, Inc. is a small software company founded in 2012 and headquartered in Naperville, Illinois, United States. The company develops and sells software and hardware, including Winclone, Smart Card Utility for MacOS, Boot Runner, and MDS. Twocanoes Software offers consulting services for macOS and iOS software, in the area of certificate-based authentication.

## Products

* Winclone – A software that clones, migrates and restores Windows Boot Camp on macOS.
* Smart Card Utility – An app for managing and using smart cards on macOS.
* Push Diagnostics – A utility that manages and verifies APNs.
* Secure Remote Access – An app that is used for remotely accessing Macs with PIV smart cards.
# Stéphane Ostrowski

Stéphane Ostrowski (born 17 March 1962) is a retired French professional basketball player. At a height of 6 ft 8 3⁄4 in (2.05 m) tall, he played at the power forward position. He is widely considered to be one of the major figures of French basketball history, and he was among the 105 player nominees for the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors list.

## Professional career

Ostrowski led CSP Limoges to the FIBA Saporta Cup title in 1988, and to the FIBA Korać Cup final in 1987. He also played at the 1990 EuroLeague Final Four. He reached another European Cup final in 2001, when he contributed to Élan Sportif Chalonnais' great run in the Saporta Cup.

## National team career

Ostrowski was a regular member of the senior French national team. He reached the EuroBasket semifinals in 1991, finishing the tournament in fourth place.
# 1844 State of the Union Address

The 1844 State of the Union address was delivered by the tenth president of the United States John Tyler on December 3, 1844, to the 28th United States Congress.

## Themes

Tyler used the address to reflect on the growth and stability of the nation, celebrating the recent peaceful presidential election, which demonstrated the power of the American democratic process to settle leadership peacefully and without external intervention. He remarked on the strength of a union composed of diverse states with local independence but united for national interests, a model of "political confederation" that provided enduring stability.
A central issue in Tyler's message was the impending Annexation of Texas. Tyler defended the controversial decision to pursue annexation despite Mexico’s opposition, underscoring the cultural and economic compatibility of Texas with the United States and arguing that it was in Texas’s best interest to consolidate peace and security by joining the Union. Tyler warned against "foreign intrigue" that might seek to exploit divisions in American states, reiterating the need for a unified stance on annexation.
Tyler also urged Congress to address the ongoing dispute with Great Britain over the Oregon Territory. Citing British protections for settlers, he called for military outposts along American emigrant routes to safeguard travelers and settlers against attacks, thus strengthening American presence in Oregon.
Further, he highlighted the improved state of the nation's finances, noting that Treasury receipts exceeded expenses, enabling debt reduction without further loans. He attributed economic recovery to "prudent fiscal management" and asserted that the American financial system, under careful regulation, could sustain national prosperity independently, even during financial crises.
# Tapering (medicine)

In medicine, tapering is the practice of gradually reducing the dosage of a medication to reduce or discontinue it. Generally, tapering is done to avoid or minimize withdrawal symptoms that arise from neurobiological adaptation to the drug.
Prescribed psychotropic drugs that may require tapering due to this physical dependence include opioids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines.

## Cross-tapering

Cross-tapering refers to the practice of reducing one drug, while introducing a new medication that is titrated to an effective dose. This can be used, for example, when changing antipsychotic medications.$^{:156}$

## Peer support groups

Peer support groups, such as survivingantidepressants.org, provide a medium where those tapering medication can discuss approaches and withdrawal symptoms. Surviving antidepressants advocate for a slower rate of tapering than that used in standard medical practice.$^{:4}$ Many such groups exist on Facebook and other social media platforms. Along with sharing tapering tips, members of the groups discuss the risks of prescription cascade, where withdrawal symptoms or the side effects of a psychotropic medication result in further medication, and the risk of neurobiological "kindling" effects where repeated unsuccessful withdrawal attempts yield progressively poor results upon drug reinstatement or, later, may increase the risk of withdrawal symptoms.$^{:5}$
# Cacio e pepe

Cacio e pepe (Italian:) is a pasta dish typical of the Lazio region of Italy. Cacio e pepe means 'cheese and pepper' in several central Italian dialects. The dish contains grated pecorino romano and black pepper with tonnarelli or spaghetti. The origins are believed to be that shepherds from the pastoral communities of Lazio, Abruzzo, Tuscany, and Umbria created cacio e pepe in the 18th or 19th century. All the ingredients keep well for a long time, which made the dish practical for shepherds without a fixed abode.

## Preparation

The pasta is prepared in boiling salted water as usual; it is then poured into the grated pecorino mixed with black pepper, with a little of the hot, starchy, cooking water. The heat melts the cheese, and the starches in the water help bind the pepper and cheese to the pasta.
# Ismaeel Ryan

Ismaeel Ryan (or Ismail Raiyan, Arabic: إسماعيل ريان, Hebrew: אסמאעיל ריאן; born 4 April 1994) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a attacking midfielder for Hapoel Ra'anana.

## Early life

Ryan was born in Kabul, Israel, to a Muslim-Arab family.

## Club career

In February 2014, he was loaned from Maccabi Haifa to Hapoel Acre until the end of the season.
On 7 August 2014 he was loaned to Bnei Sakhnin.

## Honours
### Club
#### Maccabi Haifa

* Israel State Cup (1): 2015–16
# 1849 State of the Union Address

The 1849 State of the Union Address was delivered by the 12th president of the United States Zachary Taylor to the 31st United States Congress on December 4, 1849. Presiding over this joint session was Howell Cobb, the House Speaker, with Millard Fillmore, the vice president, in his role as President of the Senate.
In this address, Taylor reflected on the United States' stability and growing influence in international relations. He remarked, "The United States of America at this moment present to the world the most stable and permanent Government on earth," crediting the nation's resilience to the foundations laid by preceding generations.
Taylor emphasized peace with foreign nations, noting the United States' commitment to neutrality despite ongoing conflicts in Europe. He declared, "We have been able to maintain amidst all these contests an independent and neutral position," indicating a preference for avoiding entanglement in European affairs.
The address also outlined critical issues at home, including expanding territories and relations with Mexico. Taylor supported California's imminent request for statehood and called for Congress to consider the political futures of California and New Mexico, territories acquired under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. He advised against introducing sectional issues that could lead to division, recalling the Founding Fathers' warnings.
Taylor further addressed infrastructure and commerce, advocating for government support in developing transportation routes, including a possible transcontinental railroad. This infrastructure was critical for connecting the growing territories in the West with the rest of the Union.
In his message, Taylor acknowledged the need for vigilance in defending the Union, describing it as "the proudest monument" of the American people and expressing his dedication to its preservation. His appeal was directed at sustaining national unity in a period marked by the divisive issues of expansion and slavery.
# Holly Hyder

Holly Bryce Hyder (born 13 March 1988) is a former Australian cricketer. A right-arm fast-medium bowler, she represented Western Australia in 11 List A matches in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) between the 2004–05 and 2008–09 seasons. She also made two appearances for Western Australia in the Australian Women's Twenty20 Cup.
# Philip Tew

Philip Tew (born Enfield, Middlesex, England) is the author of works on the contemporary British novel. His first novel Afterlives was published in February 2019. A second fiction book, Fragmentary Lives: Three Novellas, was published in October 2019.

## Books

* The Contemporary British Novel, London: Continuum, 2007. Second Revised Edition. (ISBN 978-0-8264-7349-3).
# Mitchelle Drulis

Mitchelle Drulis is an American Democratic Party politician serving as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly for the 16th legislative district, having taken office on January 9, 2024.

## Biography

Mitchelle A. Everest attended Santana High School in Santee, California, and graduated from Rutgers University with a degree in political science. She has been a resident of Raritan Township, New Jersey, and has worked on the staff of politicians Bob Smith and Joseph V. Egan in the General Assembly.
In 2018, Drulis served as the Political Director for Tom Malinowski's congressional campaign. She then served as his district director in his office, where she developed and managed a constituent services program that assisted roughly 12,000 individual constituents across the district.

## New Jersey General Assembly
### 2023

Drulis and her incumbent running mate Roy Freiman defeated Republicans Ross Traphagen and Grace Zhang in the 2023 New Jersey General Assembly election.

### Tenure

Drulis was sworn in January 9, 2024, becoming the first Democrat from Hunterdon County to be elected to the State Legislature in more than 40 years.

### District 16

Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. The representatives from the 16th District for the 2024—2025 Legislative Session are:
* Senator Andrew Zwicker (D)
* Assemblywoman Mitchelle Drulis (D)
* Assemblyman Roy Freiman (D)

## Electoral history
### Assembly

16th Legislative District General Election, 2023 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Roy Freiman (incumbent) | 34,188 | 28.3 |
| | Democratic | Mitchelle Drulis | 33,642 | 27.9 |
| | Republican | Grace Zhang | 26,558 | 22.0 |
| | Republican | Ross Traphagen | 26,293 | 21.8 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 120,663 | 100.0 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |
# Second principal meridian

The second principal meridian, or Paoli Meridian, coincides with 86° 28′ of longitude west from Greenwich, starts from a point two and one half miles west of the confluence of the Little Blue and Ohio rivers, runs north to the northern boundary of Indiana, and, with the base line in latitude 38° 28′ 20″, governs the surveys in Indiana and part of those in Illinois.
# Zohreh Lajevardi

Zohreh Lajevardi (Persian: زهره لاجوردی) is an Iranian conservative politician.
In 2020 and 2024, she was elected to the Parliament of Iran as a representative of Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr.

## Electoral history

| Year | Election | Votes | % | Rank | Result |
| 2012 | Parliament (Round 1) | 269,360 | 12.70 | 34th | Went to Round 2 |
| 2012 | Parliament (Round 2) | 253,414 | 22.50 | 26th | Lost |
| 2017 | Tehran City Council | 368,748 | Un­known | 31st | Lost |
| 2020 | Parliament | 714,931 | 38.82 | 28th | Won |
# Changzhou Benniu International Airport

Changzhou Benniu International Airport (IATA: CZX, ICAO: ZSCG) is an airport serving the city of Changzhou in East China’s Jiangsu province.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air China | Beijing–Capital, Chengdu–Tianfu |
| Air Macau | Macau |
| Chengdu Airlines | Mianyang, Shenyang |
| China Eastern Airlines | Beijing–Daxing, Changsha, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Kunming, Qionghai, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xishuangbanna, Yichang, Zhangjiajie |
| China Southern Airlines | Guangzhou, Jieyang, Shenzhen |
| Colorful Guizhou Airlines | Guiyang |
| Donghai Airlines | Tokyo–Narita |
| GX Airlines | Changsha |
| Lao Airlines | Vientiane |
| LJ Air | Changsha, Harbin, Nanning |
| Loong Air | Wenzhou, Xi'an, Yinchuan |
| Qingdao Airlines | Changchun, Haikou, Quanzhou, Shenyang |
| Shandong Airlines | Guiyang, Qingdao, Xiamen |
| Shenzhen Airlines | Changchun, Dalian, Guangzhou, Haikou, Harbin, Quanzhou, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai |
| Sichuan Airlines | Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chengdu–Tianfu, Chongqing, Harbin, Kunming, Sanya |
| Spring Airlines | Ankang, Dalian, Jieyang, Lanzhou, Shenyang |
| Thai Lion Air | Bangkok–Don Mueang |
| Thai VietJet Air | Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi |
| VietJet Air | Nha Trang |
| Vietnam Airlines | Charter: Nha Trang |
| XiamenAir | Fuzhou, Jinzhou |
# Vanillyl-alcohol oxidase

In enzymology, a vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ + H$_2$O$_2$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are vanillyl alcohol and O$_2$, whereas its two products are vanillin and H$_2$O$_2$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is vanillyl alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called 4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidase. This enzyme participates in 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation. It employs one cofactor, FAD.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1DZN, 1E0Y, and 1E8G.
# 1854 State of the Union Address

The 1854 State of the Union Address was delivered by the 14th president of the United States, Franklin Pierce, to the 33rd United States Congress on December 4, 1854.

## Themes

This address highlighted both domestic and foreign issues, as Pierce reflected on a tumultuous year for the nation, characterized by widespread disease and poor harvests. Pierce expressed gratitude, however, for the nation's survival and its prosperity amid these challenges, thanking “the God of grace and providence” for America’s resilience.
On foreign policy, Pierce emphasized the importance of non-interference in European conflicts, reaffirming the "wise theory" of avoiding entangling alliances. He criticized European powers for attempting to influence American foreign policy, asserting, “The independent powers of this continent may well assert the right to be exempt from all annoying interference on their part.” Pierce reiterated that America’s territorial growth was lawful and should not be regarded as threatening by other nations.
Pierce also emphasized the need to safeguard neutral rights amid conflicts in Europe and praised the “celebrated confederacy of armed neutrality,” which historically protected American shipping rights. He discussed ongoing negotiations with European powers to ensure neutral rights, mentioning that only Russia had thus far formally recognized America’s propositions for neutral commerce.
On the domestic front, Pierce addressed issues regarding federal power, advocating for limited government in line with the Constitution. He emphasized the federal government’s role in infrastructure, proposing further investment in cross-country transportation routes, particularly a transcontinental railroad to link the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Pierce also acknowledged the importance of financial responsibility, noting the reduction in public debt and recommending a continued reduction in import duties.
Throughout the address, Pierce upheld his commitment to maintaining peace and fostering economic stability. His address expressed a blend of American optimism and cautious diplomacy, aiming to balance expansionist ambitions with a steadfast dedication to neutrality and self-reliance.