OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dirk II van Brederode

Dirk van Brederode (c. 1256, Santpoort – 16 December 1318, Rheims), was the Lord of Brederode.
The son and heir of William I van Brederode, he was nicknamed 'the Good'. Dirk van Brederode became lord of Brederode in 1285, bailiff of Kennemerland in 1288, and was knighted in 1290. He married around 1290 with Mary van der Lecke, daughter of Hendrik II, lord of the Leck and Jutte van Borsele.
He took part in, amongst others, the campaign against Friesland in 1288 under the command of Floris V of Holland, with a fleet of ships. In the same year he led an army sent by Floris V to Utrecht to arrest the lords of Amstel and Woerden. He died on his journey back from Palestina. He was buried in the Dominican church in Rheims.

## Children

Dirk II had at least three children with Mary van der Lecke (c. 1272 – 1307):
* Catharina van Brederode (c. 1285 – 1372), married John I, Lord of Polanen
* William van Brederode (c. 1287 – 1316), William died two years before his father, causing his son Dirk III van Brederode to succeed him as lord of Brederode.
* Jutta van Brederode (c. 1298 – 1346)
# Marko Voinovich

Count Marko Ivanovich Voinovich (Russian: Ма́рко Ива́нович Во́йнович, Serbian: Марко Ивановић Војновић/Marko Ivanović Vojnović; 1750–1807) was an Admiral of the Russian Imperial Navy, one of the founders of the Black Sea Fleet. The victor at Fidonisi.

## Life

Vojnović was born in Herceg Novi, Republic of Venice (now Montenegro). He was a member of the Vojnović noble family, a Serb family recognized as nobility by Venice and Trieste in the Habsburg monarchy, and Imperial Russia.
In 1770 Vojnović was accepted into the Russian Navy as an ensign and saw distinguished service in the Mediterranean expedition of Russian Navy during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774).
In 1780 Vojnović was appointed the Commander of the Caspian Flotilla He led an expedition to the Caspian Sea in 1781 and discovered offshore oil and gas deposits near Chilov Island.
In 1783 Vojnović was appointed the commander of the first battleship of the nascent Black Sea Fleet. In 1785 he became the commander of Sevastopol Squadron. He fought in the Black Sea against the Turkish Navy led by Hassan Pasha in 1788. From the end of 1789 to the beginning 1790 Vojnović was the Chief of the Black Sea Fleet. Although the Russian Navy won the Battle of Fidonisi under his command, his actions in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) were considered indecisive and he was dismissed from command of the Fleet in March 1790.
In 1797 Vojnović became a member of the Black Sea Admiralty Administration. He was appointed a full Admiral in 1801 and retired in 1805.
# Juraj V Zrinski

Juraj V Zrinski (Hungarian: V. Zrínyi György; 31 January 1599 – 28 December 1626) was a Croatian Ban (viceroy), warrior and member of the Zrinski noble family.

## Biography

Juraj V Zrinski was born in Csáktornya Kingdom of Hungary (today Čakovec, a town in the Međimurje County, the northernmost county of Croatia). He was the grandson of one of the greatest Croatian Ban, Nikola IV Zrinski, who died in the tragic and heroic Siege of Szigetvár (Croatian: Sigetska bitka), at a town in the western Hungary where the Ottoman invasion to Vienna had been stopped.
He was the son of Count Juraj IV Zrinski, Master of the treasury in the Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia, and Countess Sofija Zrinski née Stubenberg. Educated in Protestantism, he later turned to Catholicism and "purified" his estates from Lutheranism.
On 15 November 1622 Zrinski was appointed Ban of Croatia. At that time, he was widely recognized as a brave and courageous warrior. He fought the Turks in many battles.
His wife Magdalena née Széchy bore him two children: Nikola Zrinski and Petar Zrinski, who both later became distinguished Croatian bans and died a violent death.
Juraj Zrinski died in a military camp near Pressburg, during the Thirty Years' War. His chivalry and rapier-tonguedness were, unfortunately, a thorn in his superior's, general Albrecht von Wallenstein's, side and von Wallenstein had Zrinski poisoned after a verbal duel in 1626. At age 27 the ban was buried in Pauline monastery of Sveta Jelena (St. Helen in English) near Čakovec, next to the graves of his ancestors.
# Nikola III Zrinski

Nikola III Zrinski (1488 or 1489? – 1534) was a Croatian nobleman, a member of the Zrinski noble family, influential in the Kingdom of Croatia.

## Life

Nikola was born as the son of Petar II Zrinski (1435–1493) and Jelena Babonić. His father had fallen in the battle of Krbava field, and as such Nikola lived on his large Zrin estate in central Croatia. He was married to Jelena Karlović, the princess of Krbava, a sister of Ivan Karlović, future Ban (Viceroy) of Croatia. They had six children, among them Nikola IV Zrinski, one of the greatest military leaders in Croatian history and a national hero both in Croatia and in Hungary.
Nikola is known for his attendance of the 1527 election in Cetin when Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria was elected the new king of Croatia. Among the seals of six Croatian noblemen on the charter confirming the election, there is also his seal. Moreover, some historians believe that Zrinski was the one who played a crucial role in Ferdinand's choice.
In his Gvozdansko Castle, not far from Zrin, he had his own silver coins minted, as his father had done before. There were silver, gold, and lead ore mines, smelteries, foundries and mints in his property.
In the time of the threatening Ottoman danger, Nikola III Zrinski died in Zrin and was buried in the neighboring Franciscan church of St. Margaret (according to some historians: church of St. Mary Magdalene). He was succeeded by his son Nikola IV, future Ban of Croatia, and hero of the Siege of Szigetvár (1566).
# Li Fook-kow

Li Fook-kow, CMG, JP (Chinese: 李福逑; 15 June 1922 – 27 October 2011) was a Hong Kong government official. He was the Secretary for Home Affairs and official member of the Executive Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

## Biography

Li was born on 15 June 1922 in Hong Kong to the Li family. His father, businessman and politician Li Tse-fong, founded the Bank of East Asia. Li Fook-kow was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He joined the Hong Kong government as assistant education officer in 1954 and made a student officer. From 1972 to 1983, he was chief officer and the Director of Social Welfare from 1973 to 1977. He was also appointed Secretary for Home Affairs, holding the post from 1977 to 1980. After retirement from government, he became chairman of the Public Service Commission from 1980 and 1987. From March to October 1987, he was appointed Public Opinion Survey Office Monitor for the controversial constitutional reform on the 1988 Legislative Council election.

## Personal life

Li was a Roman Catholic. He married Edith Kwong Mei-yung in 1946, and they had two sons and two daughters. His son Andrew Li Kwok-nang was the first Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal, from 1997 to 2010. His other children are daughters Carol and Elaine and son Michael Li Ka-wah. Li migrated to Canada before 1997 but later moved back to Hong Kong. He died at the Ruttonjee Hospital at the age of 89 on 27 October 2011.
# Chaipat S.P.B. Mahavidyalaya

Chaipat S.P.B. Mahavidyalaya, also known as Chaipat College, established in 2007, is a college in Chaipat beside at Rani Rashmoni Road, a gram panchayat in Daspur II, in the Paschim Medinipur district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts. It is affiliated to Vidyasagar University.

## Departments
### Arts

Bengali (Hons),Santali (Hons), English (Hons), Sanskrit (Hons), History (Hons), Sociology, Political Science, Education, Philosophy.
# Firefly algorithm

In mathematical optimization, the firefly algorithm is a metaheuristic proposed by Xin-She Yang and inspired by the flashing behavior of fireflies.

## Algorithm

In pseudocode the algorithm can be stated as:
Note that the number of objective function evaluations per loop is one evaluation per firefly, even though the above pseudocode suggests it is n×n. (Based on Yang's MATLAB code.) Thus the total number of objective function evaluations is (number of generations) × (number of fireflies).
The main update formula for any pair of two fireflies $\mathbf {x} _{i}$ and $\mathbf {x} _{j}$ is $\mathbf {x} _{i}^{t+1}=\mathbf {x} _{i}^{t}+\beta \exp[-\gamma r_{ij}^{2}](\mathbf {x} _{j}^{t}-\mathbf {x} _{i}^{t})+\alpha _{t}{\boldsymbol {\epsilon }}_{t}$ where $\alpha _{t}$ is a parameter controlling the step size, while ${\boldsymbol {\epsilon }}_{t}$ is a vector drawn from a Gaussian or other distribution.
It can be shown that the limiting case $\gamma \rightarrow 0$ corresponds to the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO). In fact, if the inner loop (for j) is removed and the brightness $I_{j}$ is replaced by the current global best $g^{*}$, then FA essentially becomes the standard PSO.

## Criticism

Nature-inspired metaheuristics in general have attracted criticism in the research community for hiding their lack of novelty behind metaphors. The firefly algorithm has been criticized as differing from the well-established particle swarm optimization only in a negligible way.
# Greda

Greda can refer to several places:

## Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Greda, Bosanska Gradiška, a village near Gradiška
* Greda, Ljubuški, a village near Ljubuški
* Greda, Šipovo, a village near Šipovo
* Bukova Greda, a village near Orašje

## Croatia

* Greda, Sisak-Moslavina County, a village near Sisak
* Greda, Varaždin County, a village near Maruševec
* Greda, Zagreb County, a village near Vrbovec
* Babina Greda, a village and municipality in the Vukovar-Srijem County
* Blinjska Greda, a village near Sunja
* Donja Greda, a village near Rugvica
* Gabajeva Greda, a village near Hlebine
* Gornja Greda, a village near Brckovljani
* Greda Breška, a village near Ivanić-Grad
* Greda Sunjska, a village near Sunja
* Hrastova Greda, a village near Kalinovac
* Sopjanska Greda, a village near Sopje
* Visoka Greda, a village near Vrbje
* Zlatna Greda, a village near Bilje
# Gourav Guin Memorial College

Gourav Guin Memorial College, also known as Chandrakona Road College, established in 2008, is a college in Chandrakona Road, in Paschim Medinipur district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts and Social sciences. It is affiliated to Vidyasagar University.

## Departments
### Arts (CBCS)

* Bengali (Honours and General)
* Santali (Honours and General)
* English (Honours and General)
* History (Honours and General)
* Political Science (Honours and General)
* Education (Honours and General)
* Sanskrit (General)
# Berlin Air Safety Centre

The Berlin Air Safety Centre (BASC) was established by the Allied Control Council's Coordinating Committee on 12 December 1945. It was located in the former Kammergericht Building, on Kleistpark, Berlin. Operations began in February 1946 under quadripartite flight rules Paragraph 4. Paragraph 4 of the rules begins: "The Berlin Air Safety Centre has been established in the Allied Control Authority Building with the object of ensuring safety of flights for all aircraft in the Berlin area. BASC regulates all flying in the Berlin control zone and also in the corridors extending from Berlin to the boundaries of adjacent control zones."
The BASC was one of two Four-Power Authorities to continue functioning following the onset of the Cold War, the other being Spandau Prison, which ceased operations following the death of Rudolf Hess on 17 August 1987. The BASC continued to ensure safety of flight, for 24 hours a day, with the three western powers being represented by a chief controller, along with a deputy and general duty controller; all were Air Force officers. The Soviets, in attempt to mitigate being out numbered, had both a controller and interpreter on duty until its closing on 31 December 1990, following the lapse of Allied responsibilities in Berlin.
The BASC coordinated air traffic in and out of Berlin and was responsible for air safety in the three corridors established in 1946 as well as in the Berlin control zone, the airspace within a 20 mi (32 km) radius of a pillar located in the cellar of the Allied Control Authority building. Each of the three corridors were 20 mi (32 km) wide and linked Berlin with the Western Zones of Occupation of Germany (later West Germany).
The three corridors were usually open, without restriction, only to the Four Power nations: United Kingdom, United States, France and USSR – other nations wishing to use the corridors had first to request and obtain permission from the BASC. Requests to use the southern corridor were handled by the US desk, the centre corridor by the French desk, and the northern corridor by the UK desk. The requests were then handed to the USSR desk for coordination, with Soviet air defense authorities, and in turn would be stamped in one of three ways: permission granted, safety of flight guaranteed; permission granted, safety of flight not guaranteed; or permission denied.
Coordinating closely with the Berlin Air Route Traffic Control Centre (BARTCC) facilities at Tempelhof Air Base, BASC personnel were responsible for logging protests of infringements upon Allied air corridors, and fielded the political ramifications of Eastern Bloc defectors escaping into West Berlin by aircraft. Tensions reached an understandable high during the Berlin Airlift in 1948–49, during which many fights broke out among controllers, though the success of the campaign was in large part due to the coordination carried out within the BASC.
# Trần Độ

Trần Độ (1923–2002) was a Vietnamese politician and Lieutenant General of the People's Army of Vietnam. He was expelled from the Communist Party of Vietnam due to his opposing and critical opinions of the party and the state of Vietnam, particularly during post-Vietnam War.

## Biography

His real name was Tạ Ngọc Phách. He grew up in Thái Bình Province. His father worked for bureau of interpretation in Hanoi, a quite high social status.
In 1939, he became a journalist in Hanoi. He was captured by the French that year but then released due to lack of evidence.
He joined the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1940. At the end of 1941, he was captured again. This time, he was sentenced to 15 years imprison. Late 1941, from Hỏa Lò Prison, he was exiled to Sơn La. Here, he was in prison with Lê Đức Thọ, Xuân Thuỷ,... In 1943, on prison move to Côn Đảo, he escaped, continuing revolution activity. He led the protest in and started his military career. He had gone south to join the Central Office for South Vietnam and served as the commander during the Tet Offensive assault upon Saigon.

## Activities in military

1946 - He was a leader of Hanoi in the field of National Defense against the French. In the Battle of Hanoi (1946), he was the political commissar of Việt Minh forces in the city.
1950 - Major General
In the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, Trần Độ was the political commissar, together with the commander Lê Trọng Tấn commanded 312th Brigade attacking and eliminating Béatrice position (Him Lam) of French Central positions (Vietnamese: phân khu Trung tâm - Mường Thanh).
1964 - He went to South Viet Nam to set up military for war with Vietnam Republic, being the deputy command-in-chief.
1974 - Lieutenant General
1974 to 1976 - Vice President of Central Commission of Politics.

## Reform view

As a leader of national culture (after the war, he worked in the culture section), he wanted to give it more freedom. He is aware that culture without freedom is dead and culture with only propaganda is also dead. The more control, the more deadly culture is and the rarer valuable masterpiece.
In terms of Communist Party leadership, he said:" I advocate the leadership role of the Party. However, leadership does not mean dictatorship. History shows that every dictatorship will eventually end up in corruption, rotten society and Party itself."
In his opinion, the underlying cause of negative phenomenon in the Party and the society is partly due to the absolute rule of Communist Party.
He insisted that: Communist Party must give up dictator regime, give power to the national assembly, government. There must be laws allowing freedom for a new party, freedom of speech, journalism laws, publishing. Election laws, forgo the decision jusridiction of the Party.
It is this opinion that resulted in his expulsion from the party.
# Timekeeper

A timekeeper is a person that measures the passage of time. They may have additional functions in sports and business.

## Description

A timekeeper is a person who measures time with the assistance of a clock or a stopwatch.

## Functions
### Sports

In addition, a timekeeper records time, time taken, or time remaining during events such as sports matches. Along with the game clock, a timekeeper may be needed to manage clocks other gameplay clocks, including play clocks, pitch clocks, and shot clocks.

### Business

In business, a timekeeper tracks employee time, potentially using a time clock. Collecting such data gives employers insight into a workforce so that a business can then make operational decisions to increase productivity and reduce labor costs.
# Stonecrest (Bedford Corners, New York)

Stonecrest is a historic home located at Bedford Corners, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1879 in an eclectic Stick-Eastlake style and renovated in 1916. It is a rectangular three-story dwelling, measuring 50 feet deep and 45 feet wide. The first story is built of random rubble and the second of wood shingles that flare away from the first floor. A slate covered hipped roof covers the third floor and attic. Also on the property are a contributing Stick Style carriage house, stone root cellar, and stone spring house.
The house was built for Francis Lawrence Underhill and his wife, Mary Augusta (Wood) Underhill, a member of the locally prominent Wood family who were associated with the house of The Woodpile.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
# Finality (law)

Finality, in law, is the concept that certain disputes must achieve a resolution from which no further appeal may be taken and from which no collateral proceedings may be permitted to disturb that resolution. For example, in some jurisdictions, such as the state of New York, those convicted of a crime may not sue their defence attorney for incompetence or legal malpractice if the civil lawsuit would call into question the finality of the criminal conviction.
Finality is crucial because otherwise, there would be no certainty as to the meaning of the law or the outcome of any legal process. The principle is an aspect of the separation of powers, a distinction between the executive and the udicial power. That concept was defined in Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) in which a court stated that unless orders were valid until set aside, "the exercise of judicial power could yield no adjudication of right and liability to which immediate effect could be given".
The importance of finality is the source of the concept of res judicata: the decisions of one court are settled law and may not be retried in another case brought in a different court.
# 500 West Jefferson

500 West Jefferson, previously known as PNC Plaza for several decades until renamed in 2020, and now also called 500W or 500 West by its owners, is a skyscraper in Downtown, Louisville, Kentucky and located at 500 West Jefferson Street. Previously owned by Pittsburgh-based PNC Bank and currently owned by SomeraRoad Inc, the 31-story, 420-foot (128 m) high structure was designed by architect Welton Becket and was completed in 1971. A notable feature of the building is the pattern of pre-cast concrete panels on the exterior of its windows. The building, originally named Citizens Fidelity Plaza, was named after Citizens Fidelity Bank and renamed PNC Plaza when Citizens Fidelity was acquired by PNC Bank.
It was the tallest building in the state of Kentucky when it was completed in 1971, but lost that distinction a year later when National City Tower was completed in 1972. PNC now has offices in both buildings due to its own acquisition of National City Corp. in an unrelated move, however, it does not own National City Tower.
The Jefferson Club, a private city club, was located on the top floor of the building, until closing in February 2010.
The building was purchased by Optima International, a firm based in Miami and run by Chaim Schochet, for a $77 million cash and mortgage assumption deal that closed on September 21, 2011.
In 2019, Milwaukee-based financial services firm Baird purchased Louisville financial services firm Hilliard Lyons and became the anchor tenant, renovating and moving workers to the top five floors.
In August 2020, Federal prosecutors filed a lawsuit claiming that the Ukrainian owners were laundering billions of dollars over more than ten years.
In November 2020, the New York–based private equity firm SomeraRoad bought the tower for $22.5 million, renamed it to "500W", and began renovation plans. Vice President of SomeraRoad Andrew Marchetti said "What we're doing is going to change the trajectory of 500 West. And it'll be noticeable," saying the company hopes to attract new tenants with these amenities and updates. Spending $16 million, changes include a new entrance and lobby, a tenant lounge, a conference center, and fitness center. Ev's Deli is currently the only café or restaurant in the building. In September 2022, Tennessee-based Barista Parlor announced that it planned to open a new location in the atrium of the building, but did not say when that would happen.
# Ángel Suquía Goicoechea

Ángel Suquía Goicoechea (2 October 1916 – 13 July 2006) was a Spanish Catholic cardinal who served as archbishop of Madrid from 1983 until 1994.

## Education

He was one of sixteen children and was educated at the La Salle Christian Brothers at Beasain from 1925 until 1927; he then entered the Minor Seminary of Saturrarán, Motrico, Guipúzcoa, where he studied Humanities, Philosophy and Theology. He remained there until 1931, whereupon he entered the Major Seminary of Vitoria, until 1936. When the Spanish Civil War started in 1936, he was destined to the fort of Guadalupe as a soldiers' instructor. In 1939, he travelled to the Benedictine monastery of Maria Laach in Germany, to study liturgy but when the Second World War started in that same year, he quickly returned to Spain. He was ordained to the priesthood on 7 July 1940.
He entered the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome in 1946 remaining there until 1949 where he obtained a doctorate in theology with the highest grades with his thesis on La santa Misa en la espiritualidad de San Ignacio de Loyola.

## Career

On 17 May 1966 Pope Paul VI appointed him to be the Bishop of Almería. He served as bishop of Málaga from 1969 to 1973. He became Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela on 13 April 1973. On 12 April 1983 he was chosen to succeed Cardinal Vicente Enrique y Tarancón as Archbishop of Madrid by Pope John Paul II.
On 25 May 1985 he was created Cardinal-Priest of Gran Madre di Dio. He remained at the see of Madrid until 1994 when he reached the age of 77. He is buried in Almudena Cathedral.

## Other works

He was President of the Spanish Episcopal Conference from 1987 to 1993, as well as serving as Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical University of Salamanca. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Academy of History.
He was also an author, with his writings including Seguir a Cristo Hoy ("Follow Christ Today") and Constituciones, decretos, declaraciones ("Constitutions, decrees, declarations"). His writings were published in five volumes in 1994.

## Gallery

* Ángel Suquía and Pope John Paul II in the consecration of the Almudena Cathedral
* His successor, Antonio María Rouco Varela, leading the procession in his funeral