# Pukguksong-3

The Pukguksong-3 (Korean: 《북극성-3》형; Hancha: 北極星 3型; lit. Polaris Type 3; KN-26 under the U.S. naming convention) is a North Korean two-stage, submarine-launched ballistic missile, likely based on the same motor that powers the Pukguksong-2. The missile had its first successful flight test on 2 October 2019, although the first information dates back to 2017. Compared to older missiles, the Pukguksong-3 likely represents an incremental step forward in SLBM development, possibly towards an eventual, standardised missile.

## Design

The Pukguksong-3 is a further development from the Pukguksong-2, sharing the same 1.4 m (4.6 ft) diameter.
The first information about Pukguksong-3 was released on 22 August 2017, when images of filament wound casing were shown with a larger diameter of 1.4 m (4.6 ft), along with the official name of the missile, on a display in the background of a photo. The image showed a Pukguksong-3 missile in a canister and revealed that it would be a two-stage, solid-fuel missile. Prior to this, there was a string of ejection tests at Sinpo, although it could not be confirmed that the testing involved the Pukguksong-3.
A different report states that the Pukguksong-3 is intended to move away from the Pukguksong-1 design, instead of following up on it. According to this analysis, the missile is a new platform that would likely improve North Korea's second strike capability.
German analyst Norbert Brügge claimed that the Pukguksong-3 had a variant similar in appearance to the Pukguksong-1, which was displayed in the 15 April 2017 military parade and the "Self-Defence 2021" military exhibition. However, the actual missile displayed in these events is Pukguksong-1.

## Tests

There has been one known test of the Pukguksong-3:
| Attempt | Date | Location | Pre-launch announcement / detection | Outcome | Additional Notes |
| 1 | 2 October 2019, around 7:11am Pyongyang Standard Time | Off Wonsan | None | Success | This was the first successful test of the Pukguksong-3 missile. It was fired without a reentry warhead, and did not have the previously seen skirt with grid fins, like the previous Pukguksong-1 launches from underwater barges. Kim Jong Un reportedly did not attend the test, although photos released on KCTV were alleged to have been modified, such that a drinking cup was removed, which, according to the report, suggests that he might have attended the test. The missile was fired to a range of 450 km (240 nmi) at an apogee of 910 km (490 nmi), which means a range with a normal trajectory of at least 1,900 km (1,000 nmi). |

## Deployment

The missile is likely to be deployed to the new Sinpo-C submarine under construction, as the current Sinpo-B submarine, which fits the Pukguksong-1 missile, would not fit the larger Pukguksong-3 missile. The new ballistic missile submarine is based on the Romeo-class submarine, and is likely to be fitted with three launch tubes for missiles. However, the position of the tubes would likely result in reduced space for the battery compartment, and thus reduce its underwater endurance, possibly reducing it to half of the original capacity. As the submarine is still under construction, it may instead be launched to fire the newer, and even larger Pukguksong-5 missiles instead. Even with these modifications, however, it is unlikely that the Romeo-class submarine will reach 3000 tons as reported by South Korean media, and as such, a possibility of a conversion based on a Golf-class submarine is also possible.

## Further developments
### Pukguksong-4

At the 10 October 2020 parade commemorating the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Workers' Party of Korea, a new missile was displayed and was named as Pukguksong-4. According to German expert Norbert Brügge, it is significantly increased in size compared to the Pukguksong-3, both in diameter and length. Unlike the Pukguksong-3, it was seen with a Korean People's Army Ground Force escort and the missile did not appear to have an actual separation mechanism for its two stages. Portions of the engine appeared to be filament wound to make the missile lighter and allow for a greater range and payload. Its range is likely to be similar or greater than the Pukguksong-3, although it has never been tested. South Korean Chief of Naval Operations Boo Suk-jong mentioned that the name that was written in these missiles was Pukguksong-4S (Korean: 북극성-4ㅅ; lit. Polaris 4S), not Pukguksong-4A (Korean: 북극성-4A; lit. Polaris 4A). Also he mentioned that the letter 'ㅅ' may stand for 수중 (sujung, submarine, underwater) or 수상 (susang, on the water).

### Pukguksong-5

At a parade on 14 January 2021, another SLBM variant was displayed and was designated as Pukguksong-5. It shared the design of the previous two missiles, however with a pointed nose cone and longer payload shroud for a greater overall length. The appearance of yet another untested missile likely indicates North Korea is still in the process of settling on a specific SLBM design.

### Pukguksong-6

Another SLBM variant of Pukguksong-3 was displayed at the 25 April 2022 military parade. The official name of this missile variant is presumed to be Pukguksong-6; its length is longer than Pukguksong-4 and Pukguksong-5.