OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dhani dialect

Dhani or Dhanni (دھنّی; pronounced) is a western dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in the southern region of the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. It is predominantly spoken in the Chakwal and Talagang districts; as well as in the southern portions of Attock and Jhelum districts. Its name is derived from Dhan valley, located 35 km away from Rawalpindi. It has many subdialects including Sohāī̃ (سوہائیِں), spoken west of the Soan River, in the tehsils of Fateh Jang and Pindi Gheb in Attock District.

## Classification

In the 1920s G.A. Grierson in his Linguistic Survey of India called this group North-Western Lahnda. The glotlog code for Dhani:
* dhan1272
Grierson has distinguished three forms of Lahndi:
* North-Western dialects consisting of (Hindko, Sohain, Dhanni, etc.)
* North-Eastern dialects (Pothowari, Chibali, Awankari, Ghebi, etc.)
* Southern Dialects (Shahpuri, Jhangi, Multani, Derawali, Thali, etc.)
Bahri, H. (1962). Lahndi Phonology, with Special Reference to Awánkárí.

## Dialect speaking areas

Chakwal district of Punjab Province of Pakistan and neighboring districts speak this dialect.
* Chakwal District
* Talagang District
* Jhelum District (in southern parts)
* Attock District (in southern parts)
# Lilly de Castella

Lilly de Castella (born Elizabeth Anne Anderson) was an Australian colonist and winemaker. She is the eponym of the Shire of Lillydale and Lilydale, Victoria.

## Biography

De Castella was born Elizabeth Anne Anderson at Norfolk Island, one of four daughters of Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Anderson, a military officer of the 50th Regiment of Foot and a statesman, and Mary Anderson, a pioneer member of the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute. Her father, who was commandant of the convict settlement from 1835 to 1939 at Norfolk, was one of eight nominated members of the Victorian Legislative Council. De Castella was called Lilly by her family. In 1848 her family settled in South Yarra. Living in Yarra, her family often socialized with other members of Yarra society including Sir Charles Hotham, Charles La Trobe and Clement Hodgkinson.
In 1856 she married Swiss nobleman and winemaker Paul de Castella, who owned a vineyard near Yering. They had one son and three daughters. Her husband was the brother of Hubert de Castella.
The town of Lilydale, Victoria, and the former Shire of Lillydale, are named after her.
# Oscar Sudi

Oscar Kipchumba Sudi is a Kenyan politician who is currently a member of the National Assembly representing Kapseret constituency, found in Uasin Gishu county. He is a member of the ruling party, United Democratic Alliance (UDA), and a close ally to the fifth president of Kenya, William Ruto.

## Political career
### Member of Parliament

From 2013 to 2017 he was a member of the Departmental Committee on Lands, the Constitutional Implementation Oversight Committee and the Procedure and House Rules Committee. Since 2017 he has been a member of the Departmental Committee on Energy.

#### Election results

General election 2017: Kapseret :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Jubilee | Oscar Kipchumba Sudi | 35,340 | 71.1 |
| | KANU | John Joseph Rono Kipkurui | 7,739 | 15.6 |
| | Independent | John Kipkoech Rotich | 4,818 | 9.7 |
| | Labour Party of Kenya | Christopher Kiplagat Serem | 1,060 | 2.1 |
| | Independent | Joel Kipkemboi Bett | 714 | 1.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 27,601 | 55.6 |

## Controversy
### Hate Speech

In September 2020 he was accused of hate speech towards Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta and a disturbance occurred when locals used logs and stones to prevent police from accessing his home to arrest him. He surrendered himself to a police station on 13 September.

### Forged Academic Credentials & Botched Police Investigation

In September 2016 Sudi was reported to have presented forged academic papers to IEBC and EACC with an intention to deceive the two commissions that he had requisite credential to be allowed to vie as MP. In October 2016 he was charged in court for forgery of academic papers for presenting a fake diploma certificate from Kenya Institute of Management and a fake KCSE certificate from Highway high school and was released on bail.In May 2022 former highway high school principal testified in court that the Sudi did not sit any KCSE exam in 2006 as he had claimed in the forgeries.In June 2024, Sudi was acquitted for academic forgery charges on account of a botched police investigation of conducting the investigation of the forgeries in a hotel while Sudi maintained his Member of parliament seat with the forgeries.
# Bakhodir Kurbanov

Bakhodir Kurbanov (Russian: Баходир Курбанов; born 5 December 1972) is a retired Greco-Roman wrestler from Uzbekistan. He competed at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics in the featherweight (-62 kg) and lightweight (-63 kg), respectively, and finished in 16th and fifth place. He won a bronze and a silver medal at the 1994 and 1998 Asian Games, respectively, and finished fourth in 2002.

## Family

Kurbanov is the youngest of five brothers, all wrestlers. In December 1997 he married Oksana Chusovitina, an Olympic gymnast from Uzbekistan whom he met at the 1994 Asian Games in Japan. The marriage was opposed by Chusovitina's Orthodox Christian parents because Kurbanov is a Muslim. Their son Alisher was born in November 1999, and in late 2002 he was diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. In search for qualified treatment the family moved to Cologne, Germany, and used fundraisers and donations from gymnastics fans to pay for medical bills. In 2006, Chusovitina received German citizenship. After completing medical treatment Bakhodir and Alisher returned to Uzbekistan, though Chusovitina plans to brings them back to Germany.
# Sandro López

Sandro Luis López Olmos (born October 26, 1967, in Rosario, Santa Fe) is an Argentine judoka, who played for the heavyweight category. He also competed in the middleweight division at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, and at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
At age forty, Lopez made an official comeback from his sixteen-year absence and his third appearance at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He switched from a heavier class by competing in the men's heavyweight class (+100 kg). Unfortunately, he lost the first preliminary match, with an ippon and a yoko shiho gatame (side four quarter hold), to Peru's Carlos Zegarra.
# Edward Stourton, 10th Baron Stourton

Edward Stourton, 10th Baron Stourton (c. 1555 – 7 May 1633) was a Catholic English peer.

## Life

He was a younger son of Charles Stourton, 8th Baron Stourton and Lady Anne Stanley, daughter of Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, matriculating in 1575. His father was executed for murder in 1557. He succeeded his brother John in 1588.
He made no secret of his adherence to Roman Catholicism.
He was a close friend of Robert Catesby and Catesby's recruitment of Francis Tresham to the Gunpowder Plot took place in Stourton's house in Clerkenwell. He was suspected of deliberately avoiding the opening of parliament, although the conspirators may contrived to delay him without revealing their plans. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London. In 1608 he was transferred to the Fleet Prison and was fined £6,000, although he paid only £1,000. He may subsequently have occasionally attended Church of England services, but continued to house Catholic priests.
He died on 7 May 1633 and was buried at Stourton, Wiltshire.

## Family

He married his cousin, Frances Tresham, daughter of Sir Thomas Tresham and Muriel Throckmorton. They had 6 children, who survived infancy:
* William Stourton, 11th Baron Stourton
* Thomas (d. 1669), who fought a duel in 1625. He married the twice widowed Elizabeth Cornwallis, a fellow Catholic. He was buried at Stourton.
* Francis (1599–1638), who married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Norton of Chediston, Suffolk.
* Edward died unmarried.
* Margaret, who married Sir Thomas Sulyard, Knight, of Wetherden, Suffolk.
* Mary, who married Walter Norton of Sibsey, Lincolnshire.
Peerage of England :
| Preceded byJohn Stourton | Baron Stourton 1588–1633 | Succeeded byWilliam Stourton |
# Chatelaine (chain)

A chatelaine is a decorative belt hook or clasp worn at the waist with a series of chains suspended from it. Each chain is mounted with useful household appendages such as scissors, thimbles, watches, keys, smelling salts, and household seals.

## Etymology

The name chatelaine derives from the French term châtelaine which meant the mistress of a chateau. She would have worn a belt for her keys, which the current meaning of chatelaine derives from.

## History

In the ancient world Samnite women wore chatelaine that were rectangular and had a central section consisting of mail. A number of metal spirals were present across the chain's spiral. Each one had a perforated disk of metal. This kind of clothing originated from the Picentes. Ancient Roman ladies wore chatelaines with ear scoops, nail cleaners, and tweezers. Women in Roman Britain wore 'chatelaine brooches' from which toilet sets were suspended.
The remnants of chatelaines and chatelaine bags have been found in the graves of women in the seventh and eighth century in the United Kingdom. Often found with the chatelaine artifacts would be wire rings, beads, buckles, knives and tools.
Chatelaine bags refer to bags suspended from a waistband by cord or chain, which were popular from the 1860s to the end of the 19th century.
Chatelaines were worn by many housekeepers in the 19th century and in the 16th century Dutch Republic, where they were typically used as watch chains for the most wealthy. Similar jewelry was also worn by Anglo-Saxon women, as seen from the burial record, but their function is uncertain.

## Status among women

The chatelaine was also used as a woman's keychain in the 19th century to show the status of women in a wealthy household. The woman with the keys to all the many desks, chest of drawers, food hampers, pantries, storage containers, and many other locked cabinets was "the woman of the household". As such, she was the one who would direct the servants, housemaids, cooks and delivery servicemen and would open or lock the access to the valuables of the house, possessing total authority over who had access to what.
Frequently, this hostess was the senior woman of the house. When a woman married and moved into her father-in-law's house, her husband's mother would usually hold on to the keys. However, if the mother became a widow, the keys and their responsibilities and status were often passed to the oldest son's wife.
Younger women and daughters in the house often wanted the appearance of this responsibility, and would often wear decorative chatelaines with a variety of small objects in the place of keys, especially bright and glittering objects that could be used to start a conversation. In the case of the absence of a woman of the house, the controller of the keys was often a hired housekeeper.

## Gallery

* Incomplete Roman chatelaine
* Early Medieval chatelaine fitting
# Donald Cameron (Alberta politician)

Donald Cameron Jr. (March 6, 1901 – February 13, 1989) was a Canadian academic, author, teacher and politician. He served as a member of the Canadian Senate sitting as an Independent Liberal from 1955 to 1987.

## Early life

Donald Cameron, Jr. was born in Devonport, Devon, England, he emigrated to Canada with his family when he was 5 years of age and settled in Elnora, Alberta. His father Donald Cameron, Sr. was a member of the Alberta Legislature from 1921 to 1935.
Cameron received a Master of Science degree in agriculture from the University of Alberta in 1934 and also was a member of the Zeta Psi Fraternity. From 1936 to 1956, he was a professor at the University of Alberta and was head of the Banff School of Fine Arts. He help found the Banff School of Advanced Management in 1952.

## Political career

Cameron was politically involved early in his life when he was part of the youth wing of the United Farmers while his dad was a Member of the Legislative Assembly.
Cameron was summoned to the Senate of Canada on July 28, 1955, on the advice of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. He designated his senatorial division Banff, Alberta. He sat as an Independent Liberal and resigned on September 19, 1987.
# Tetoiu

Tetoiu is a commune located in Vâlcea County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Băroiu, Budele, Măneasa, Nenciulești, Popești, Tetoiu (until 1968 Bugiulești) and Țepești.
In the Bugiulești area in 1962, the paleoanthropologist Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor uncovered several humanoid fossilised bone fragments, including a skull, believed to belong to a variety of Homo habilis (dubbed Homo olteniensis or Australoanthropus olteniensis) dating back roughly two million years, which would make them the oldest hominid fossils in Europe, although the discovery and authenticity has been questioned. Some of the artefacts are currently exhibited in the Museum of Oltenia in Craiova, although the more "controversial" findings are located in the Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology.
# Werner–Gilchrist House

The Werner–Gilchrist House was a historic house located in the University Heights neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Built in 1908 as one of the earliest structures on the East Mesa, it was considered a pioneering building in Albuquerque's 20th-century suburban growth. It was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. After standing empty for decades and reaching an advanced state of disrepair, the house was finally demolished in November 2011.

## History

The house was built in 1908 by Laura Werner—an employee of real estate developer and future mayor D.K.B. Sellers—and her son-in-law Ralph Gilchrist. Located on a corner lot in Sellers' newly platted University Heights Addition, the house was originally surrounded by empty scrubland with no other buildings nearby except for the University of New Mexico campus to the northwest. Gilchrist and Werner died in 1920 and 1930, respectively, but Gilchrist's widow (and Werner's daughter) Nora Gilchrist continued to live in the house until her own death in 1981.
After remaining vacant for decades, the decrepit house came to the attention of the city in 2005 when its owners applied for a demolition permit. Recognizing the historical importance of the building, the city denied the permit and designated the house a City of Albuquerque Landmark, which would protect it from being demolished without permission. However, the continuing deterioration of the home made it cost-prohibitive to renovate and it remained in limbo until safety concerns brought the issue to a head in 2011. The city ended up issuing a demolition permit, and the house was razed beginning on November 19, 2011. Three UNM architecture graduate students, Bron Heintz, Hilary Noll and Bailey Porter, intervened in the conventional demo-to-landfill process of building demolition by carefully disassembling and salvaging as much of the building as possible, and diverted over half of the materials from the waste stream for reuse.

## Architecture

The Werner–Gilchrist House was an example of the "hipped box" style, with a wood-framed hip roof and dormer windows on all four sides. The house had 16-inch thick adobe bearing walls resting on a stacked stone foundation, with wooden door and window frames and trim. A wide entrance hall ran the length of the first floor, while the second floor consisted of a single large room.

## In popular culture

Like many locations in Albuquerque, the Werner–Gilchrist House made an appearance in the AMC drama Breaking Bad. In the season two episode "ABQ", it portrayed a crackhouse nicknamed the "Shooting Gallery" due to the heroin addicts that "shoot up" heroin within. Before its demolition, the owner of the house offered to let it be blown up on the show, but the producers declined.
# Mark Howard (broadcaster)

Mark Richard Howard (born 23 October 1973) is an Australian television presenter and journalist with Fox Sports after previously hosting, presenting and reporting on various events on Ten Sport for over a decade.
After a brief stint at the Seven Network, Howard joined Network Ten in 2005, employed for the network's award-winning V8 Supercar coverage for two years.
In 2008, Howard joined Network Ten's AFL team as a boundary rider; during this time he covered the 100th goal in a season by Hawthorn's Lance Franklin and co-hosted the 2008 Brownlow Medal "Red Carpet" for the network.
In 2009, he became the main correspondent for multi-channel (sports channel) One. This major role finished at the end of the 2011 AFL season when the network lost the rights to Aussie rules football. He co-hosted The Game Plan with Scott Cummings and Wayne Carey.
Howard is currently a commentator for Fox Cricket, where he commentates Test, ODI and T20I matches as well as the Big Bash League.
Howard also commentates AFL games for Fox Footy and Triple M. He currently hosts his own podcast known as the Howie Games where he interviews all manner of guests across the Australian and international sporting landscapes.
On 25 April 2023, Howard commentated his first game in the Indian Premier League for Star Sports during a match between the Mumbai Indians and the Gujarat Titans.
# Narrow-gauge railways in Latvia

Around 1935, Latvian narrow-gauge railways consisted of 536 km (335 miles) of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge, 432 km (270 miles) of 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge, and 48 km (30 miles) of meter gauge.
One public, one museum, and some industrial peat railways survive.

## Common carrier

Track gauges were 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge unless otherwise specified.
* First Russian Supply Railway Company
* Valka–Rūjiena–Mõisaküla–Pärnu, branch of the Gulbene Line
* Liepāja–Alsunga line, 67 km, opened in 1932, extended to Kuldīga (20 km)
* Liepāja–Rucava line, 52 km, 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow-gauge military line, converted to 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) narrow gauge
* Liepāja–Aizpute railway, 48 km.
* Livonian Supply Railway Company
** Gulbene line, Pļaviņas–Gulbene–Alūksne–Ape–Mõniste–Valga, 202 km, opened in 1903, partially closed in stages.
* Pāle–Staicele, 16 km, opened 1927
* Puikule–Aloja, 12 km.
* Riisselja–Ainaži, 76 km, closed 1975.
* Valmiera supply railway company, 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge, 1912:
** Valmiera–Smiltene, 32 km, closed 1969.
** Valmiera–Ainaži Harbour, 83 km, closed in 1979.

## Peat railway

The peat companies mainly use 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge, but there also exists 700 mm (2 ft 3+9⁄16 in) and 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge railways.
* Peat railway based at Ozoli
* Peat railway based at Seda
* Peat railway based at Misa
* Peat railway based at Puikule
* Peat railway based at Zilaiskalns
* Peat railway based at Strūžāni
* Peat railway based at Līvāni
* Peat railway based at Baloži

## Other

* There is an historic train in Ventspils. The track gauge is 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) and the length is a 2 km circle. The locomotives are former "Brigadelok" steam locomotives. From 1918 until the early 1960s they ran a regular service from Ventspils along the coast to Mazirbe and further down to Talsi and Stende.
* The Riga Pioneer Railway, 2 km long, was in existence from 1956 to 1997.
# Gentle Annie Tramway

The Gentle Annie Tramway or Gisborne Borough Council’s Gentle Annie Metal Supply Tramway was a narrow gauge railway which formerly ran from Gisborne, New Zealand to the Gentle Annie quarry, a distance of 19.3 km (12.0 mi). The tramway was built in 1911 by the Gisborne Borough Council to transport road metal to the Council depot in downtown Gisborne. The track was of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge and followed alongside the local roads. The tramway closed in 1916 and all equipment was sold to Moutohora Stone Quarries, which had a short tramway from a nearby quarry to the Moutohora Branch terminus.

## Locomotives

The tramway operated two W. G. Bagnall locomotives. "Jack", was works No. 1879 of 1911. It was originally 0-4-0ST, but was later modified with a trailing axle and tender to be a 0-4-2. "Jack" was delivered from the Bagnall Locomotive Works, England, on 26 January 1911. It had a weight of 5.25 tons and measured 11 ft 4 in (3.45 m) over the buffers. "Jack's" weight increased to 7 tons, when the tender was added by the council. "Annie", works No. 1922 also of 1911, was built a 0-4-2T side tank. "Annie" arrived from the Bagnall Works on the S.S."Squall" on 23 March 1912, and was stationed at the quarry end of the tramway. A replica locomotive operates at the Groudle Glen Railway on the Isle of Man, and another was built beforehand in Australia. Both locos worked at Moutohora Quarry until being laid up circa 1924. The whereabouts of "Jack" are unknown, but the frames of "Annie" have been preserved at the East Coast Museum of Technology, Makaraka. The tramway also used a Straker steam road waggon converted to rail use.
# Eric Ebang Zué

Eric Ebang Zué (born 16 May 1971) is a Gabonese sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# John Sardinha

John Thomas Sardinha (December 21, 1931 – February 19, 2018) was an American baseball pitcher who played with the Nankai Hawks of Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball for two seasons, 1959 and 1960.
Sardinha played amateur baseball on Maui, as well as with the Honolulu Asahis club. He played with the Hawaii national baseball team at the 1956 Global World Series, held at Milwaukee County Stadium, home of the Milwaukee Braves. In an eight-inning contest against Canada, he allowed only three hits; he also held Japan to three runs in the tie-breaker semifinal.
In 1959, he joined Andy Miyamoto and Ichiro Maehara as players from Pu'unene playing professional baseball in Japan. His debut with Nankai was his first stint in professional baseball. A submarine pitcher, Sardinha started the season off hot but overworked himself. Nankai won the 1959 Japan Series, though he did not play.
# Alfred Jonniaux

Alfred Jonniaux (22 November 1882—1974) was a Belgian portrait painter who worked in London and the United States of America.

## Career

He was born in Brussels, Belgium, where he studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts. He worked in Paris and established a successful career as a portraitist in London, with a studio in Yeoman's Row, Chelsea. He painted the portraits of society figures, and members of the European aristocracy and royal families. Portraits of the Mander family are in the collection at Owlpen Manor, Gloucestershire. Jonniaux was a member of the New Society of Artists.
Following the Nazi occupation of Belgium during World War II, he fled to the United States of America, and became an American citizen in 1946. During his first ten years in America, he established studios in San Francisco and Washington, D.C. His exhibitions led to many portrait commissions from leading figures in all spheres of American life. Among the prominent figures he painted were Justice Owens J. Roberts, Kenneth Royall and Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose portrait was hung until recent years in the Roosevelt Room in the White House.
His papers are held at the Smithsonian Institution.