OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kenneth T. Walsh

Kenneth Thomas Walsh (born May 1947) is an American journalist. From 1994 to 1995, he was president of the White House Correspondents' Association.

## Life and career

Kenneth T. Walsh earned a B.A. in journalism from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and a master's degree in communication from American University in Washington, D.C. He began his journalistic career by working for the Associated Press in Denver, and from 1981 to 1984, he was Washington correspondent for the Denver Post.
In 1984, Walsh joined U.S. News & World Report as a congressional correspondent and has covered national politics since 1986. He currently serves as chief White House correspondent at the publication. He served as president of the White House Correspondents' Association from 1994 to 1995 and has twice acted as a judge for the Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Awards.
Walsh has won the two most prestigious awards for White House coverage, the Aldo Beckman Award for Journalistic Excellence (twice) and the Gerald R. Ford Prize for Distinguished Reporting on the Presidency (three times).
As an adjunct professorial lecturer in communication at American University in Washington, D.C., Walsh has taught courses on politics and the media as well as media ethics. In 1998, he was named outstanding adjunct professor of the year.

## Works

* Feeding the Beast: The White House Versus the Press (1996), ISBN 9781401050580
* Ronald Reagan, Biography (1997), Park Lane Press, ISBN 9780517200780
* Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes (2003), Hyperion Books, ISBN 978-1-4013-0004-3
* From Mount Vernon to Crawford: A History of the Presidents and Their Retreats (2005), Hyperion Books,ISBN 9781401301217
* Family of Freedom: Presidents and African Americans in the White House (2011), Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 9781594518331
* Prisoners of the White House: The Isolation of America's Presidents and the Crisis of Leadership (2013), Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 9781612051604
* Celebrity in Chief: A History of the Presidents and the Culture of Stardom (2015), Paradigm Publishers, ISBN 9781612057064
* Ultimate Insiders: White House Photographers and How They Shape History (2017), Routledge
# Vanamõisa, Võru County

Vanamõisa is a village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Floyd Temple

Floyd O. Temple (February 3, 1926 – June 29, 2012) was the head coach of the University of Kansas baseball team from 1954 to 1981. He also managed and played in the minor leagues in the early 1950s.
A third baseman, Temple was born in Coffeyville, Kansas, and began his professional career in 1950, playing for the Gladewater Bears of the East Texas League, hitting .167 in 15 games. He played for the Iola Indians of the Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League in 1951 and 1952, hitting .292 and .295 respectively. Overall, he hit .278 in 110 minor league games. He also managed the Indians for parts of the 1951 and 1952 seasons.
Following his professional career, he became the head coach of the University of Kansas baseball team. He compiled a record of 437–396–7 in his 28 seasons with the team, becoming its winningest head coach ever. His #13 jersey was placated on the right-center field wall at Hoglund Ballpark.
In 1965, Temple managed the Rapid City Chiefs of the Basin League, a collegiate summer baseball league.
He coached multiple future major league players, including Steve Renko, Bob Allison and Chuck Dobson.
He was inducted into the Kansas Baseball Hall of Fame in 1966. He died, aged 86, in Lawrence, Kansas.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Kansas Jayhawks (Big Seven Conference / Big Eight Conference) (1954–1981) ||||||
| 1954 | Kansas | 10–5 | 4–4 | 4th |
| 1955 | Kansas | 6–16 | 2–10 | 7th |
| 1956 | Kansas | 14–5 | 6–5 | 3rd |
| 1957 | Kansas | 11–11 | 9–8 | 4th |
| 1958 | Kansas | 14–8–2 | 11–6 | 4th |
| 1959 | Kansas | 9–11 | 5–11 | 6th |
| 1960 | Kansas | 11–13 | 7–11 | 6th |
| 1961 | Kansas | 5–14 | 2–12 | 8th |
| 1962 | Kansas | 16–11 | 13–8 | 3rd |
| 1963 | Kansas | 15–10 | 11–8 | 3rd |
| 1964 | Kansas | 16–11 | 11–10 | 4th |
| 1965 | Kansas | 12–13 | 8–12 | 6th |
| 1966 | Kansas | 8–17 | 3–15 | 8th |
| 1967 | Kansas | 12–15 | 6–13 | 7th |
| 1968 | Kansas | 7–20 | 4–14 | 8th |
| 1969 | Kansas | 12–14 | 7–12 | 6th |
| 1970 | Kansas | 15–8 | 10–7 | 2nd |
| 1971 | Kansas | 11–22 | 6–15 | 8th |
| 1972 | Kansas | 20–10 | 11–9 | 3rd |
| 1973 | Kansas | 11–15 | 5–13 | 7th |
| 1974 | Kansas | 17–22 | 6–12 | 7th |
| 1975 | Kansas | 15–25 | 5–13 | 7th |
| 1976 | Kansas | 23–14 | 6–8 | 4th |
| 1977 | Kansas | 22–23–1 | 5–5 | 2nd |
| 1978 | Kansas | 34–13–1 | 8–4 | 2nd |
| 1979 | Kansas | 34–12–1 | 11–9 | 3rd |
| 1980 | Kansas | 26–19 | 12–9 | 3rd |
| 1981 | Kansas | 32–19 | 13–14 | 3rd |
| Total: | Total: | 437–396–7 | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Caoba–Guanjiashan railway

Caoba–Guanjiashan railway, or Caoguan railway (Chinese: 草官铁路) is a short 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) railway in Yunnan Province of China, a branch of the 1,000 mm (metre-gauge) Kunming–Hekou railway (the Chinese section of the Kunming–Hai Phong railway). It is 31.9 km long. It connects Caoba station on the Kunming–Hekou railway with Guanjiashan railway station, a dead-end station in Datun Town of Gejiu City. It also serves as the connector between the Kunming–Hekou railway and the Mengzi–Baoxiu railway.
The Caoguan railway is located entirely within the administrative borders of the cities of Mengzi and Gejiu.

## History

When the Kunming–Hai Phong railway (opened 1910) was constructed, it did not directly serve the valley where the city of Mengzi is located. The railway was routed east of the city, for a more efficient Hekou to Kunming route. To serve the local administrative center, Mengzi, and the tin mines of Gejiu, in 1915–1921 the local business interests constructed the Bisezhai–Gejiu railway (part of the future Gebishi railway). A 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) line, it connected with the Kunming–Hai Phong mainline at Bisezhai railway station, east of Mengzi.
The Caoba–Guanjiashan branch was constructed by the PRC Ministry of Metallurgy to server Yunnan Tin's Datun mining area (大屯矿区). The first section of this branch, the 11.3 km segment from Caoba (on the Kunming–Hekou mainline) to Yuguopu railway station (雨过铺站) on the Gebishi railway was constructed in 1958. Yuguopu station became the new transhipment point between the 600 mm Gebishi railway and the metre-gauge network.
In 1965, in connection with the expansion of the Yuguopu station and the construction of the Datun Phosphate Fertilizer Plant (大屯磷肥厂), the line was extended by 1.86 km to Guanshengzhuang (关圣庄). In 1966-1969, the 18.2 km section from Guanshengzhuang to Guanjiashan station was constructed.
The control of the Caoba–Yuguopu section was transferred from the Ministry of Metallurgy to the Kunming Railway Bureau in 1960; in 1970, the Yuguopu–Guanjiashan section was transferred to the Kunming Railway Bureau as well.
After part of the Gebishi railway (the Mengzi–Yuguopu–Jijie–Shiping line, later known as the Mengzi–Baoxiu railway) was regauged to the 1,000 mm gauge in 1970, Yuguopu station ceased to be a transhipment point, becoming a simple junction point between the Caoguan and Gebishi lines.
In 2013, the standard-gauge Yuxi–Mengzi railway reached Mengzi City; the new standard gauge Mengzi North railway station was constructed next to Yuguopu station. A connection between the two stations was set up, providing for transhipment of freight between metre-gauge and standard-gauge trains. Thus the Caoguan-Yuguopo section of the Caoguan line became a connector between Yunnan's century old metre-gauge Kunming–Hekou line and the new standard-gauge Kunming–Yuxi–Hekou railway.

## Literature

* 《云南省志 卷三十四 铁道志》 第一章 铁路修建 第二节 蒙宝铁路 ("The Annals of Yunnan Province". Vol. 34, "The Annals of the railways", Chapter 1, "Railway Construction", Section 2, "Mengzi–Baoxiu railway").
# Vitaliy Chuhunnikov

Vitaliy Semenovych Chuhunnikov (Ukrainian: Віталій Семенович Чугунніков; born 21 May 1974, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian politician, member of the Verkhovna Rada.
In 1996-2012, he worked at various insignificant jobs.
In 2012-2014, Chuhunnikov was a member of the Verkhovna Rada representing UDAR party.
In 2014-2016, he served as a Governor of Rivne Oblast.
# José de Jesús Gudiño Pelayo

José de Jesús Gudiño Pelayo (6 June 1943 – 19 September 2010) was a Mexican jurist and, from 1995 until his death, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation.
Born in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Gudiño Pelayo studied law at the Universidad Iberoamericana. He worked as a legal advisor within the federal executive and as a judge at various lower levels of the judiciary, and taught law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He was nominated for the Supreme Court in 1995 by President Ernesto Zedillo.
Gudiño Pelayo died in London, England, on 19 September 2010 while on vacation with wife. He was 67.
Gudiño Pelayo was noted for his ruling in support for same-sex marriage and adoptions in a predominantly Roman Catholic nation
# Stoe Creek Bridge

Stoe Creek Bridge was a historic structure located northwest of Oelwein, Iowa, United States. It spanned Stoe Creek for 38 feet (12 m). In June and July 1913, the Fayette County Board of Supervisors awarded contracts for several small bridges in the county. The Iowa State Highway Commission designed this single span bridge that was built by N.M. Stark and Company of Des Moines. It was completed in 1914 for $1,654. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. It was replaced in 2007.
# (505448) 2013 SA100

(505448) 2013 SA$_{100}$, provisional designation 2013 SA$_{100}$ and also known as o3l79, is a trans-Neptunian object from the classical Kuiper belt in the outermost region of the Solar System. It was discovered on 5 August 2013, by astronomer with the Outer Solar System Origins Survey at the Mauna Kea Observatories, Hawaii, in the United States. The classical Kuiper belt object belongs to the hot population and is a weak dwarf planet candidate, approximately 260 kilometers (160 miles) in diameter.

## Orbit and classification

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 38.6–53.8 AU once every 314 years and 1 month (114,732 days; semi-major axis of 46.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Mauna Kea Observatories in August 2013.
As a cubewano, also known as classical Kuiper belt object, 2013 SA$_{100}$ is located in between the resonant plutino and twotino populations and has a low-eccentricity orbit. With an inclination above 8°, it belongs to the "stirred" hot population rather than to the cold population with lower inclinations.

## Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 4 November 2017 and received the number 505448 in the minor planet catalog (M.P.C. 107067). As of 2018, it has not been named.

## Physical characteristics

According to the American astronomer Michael Brown, 2013 SA$_{100}$ measures 255 kilometers in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.08. On his website, Brown lists this object as a "possible" dwarf planet (200–400 km), which is the category with the lowest certainty in his 5-class taxonomic system. Similarly, Johnston's archive estimates a diameter 267 kilometers using an albedo of 0.09.
Spectroscopic measurements by the OSSOS team at the Gemini Observatory and with the Subaru Telescope gave a g–r and r–z color index of 0.61 and 0.47, respectively. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.
# Granville-Avranches-Sourdeval tramway

The Granville-Avranches-Sourdeval tramway was a 71 km (44 mi) long 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge railway from Condé-sur-Vire via Granville to Avranches in the Manche department of the Normandy region, which operated from 1908 to 1935.

## History

The line opened in 1908, at a similar time as the Condé-Granville tramway and the Coutances-Lessay metre gauge railway. These lines were operated by the Société des Chemins de Fer de la Manche (CFM) until 1935.
# Knocks (Aghalurcher)

Knocks (from Irish Cnoic 'hill') is a small townland to the east of Lisnaskea in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Magherastephana and the civil parish of Aghalurcher and covers an area of 193 acres (0.3 sq mi).
The name "The Knocks" is locally applied to a larger area around the townland. There is a primary school, St. Eugene's, and a more recently established community centre.
Knocks is bordered by several other townlands. To the north lies Bunlougher, while Coalhill, Eshanummer, and Eshnascreen are located to the west. On the eastern side, Knocks is bordered by Eshbane and Eshcarcoge, and to the south, it shares a boundary with Eshthomas.
Knocks covers an area of 783,311 square meters, or 78.33 hectares (0.7833 square kilometers). In other measurements, it spans 0.30 square miles or 193.56 acres (193 acres, 2 roods, 9 perches). Nationwide, it ranks as the 35,925th largest townland, while within County Fermanagh, it is the 695th largest townland.
# Poix-Terron–Châtillon railway

The Poix-Terron–Châtillon railway was a 40 kilometres (25 mi) narrow gauge railway in the north of France with a gauge of 800 mm (2 ft 7+1⁄2 in), which was opened by the Chemins de fer départementaux des Ardennes in sections from 1897, converted to metre gauge in 1923, and operated until 1933.

## History

The Châtillon–Le Chesne section of the line was opened to passenger and express freight traffic on 15 November 1897 and to freight traffic on 3 January 1898, the Le Chesne–Vendresse section on 5 June 1898 and the Vendresse–Poix-Terron section not until 1904.
The mayor and general councillor of Le Chesne, Dr Martin, referring to the importance of his commune, demanded that the inauguration should only be held after the completion of the Vouziers-Le Chesne main line, as in his eyes the Châtillon-Buzancy section was only a branch line. The Prêfect settled the conflict by proposing as a compromise that an inauguration ceremony be held in Le Chesne for the Vouziers-Le Chesne and Châtillon-Buzancy lines and another after the completion of the Vouziers-Raucourt line. The second inauguration ceremony took place on 21 August 1898, chaired by Louis Charles Tillaye, Minister of Public Works, in front of Vouziers Town Hall, in extreme simplicity, and lasted no more than half an hour.
Based on the experience gained during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to 1871, at the insistence of the French military, track was built with a gauge of 800 mm for strategic reasons, to make it more difficult for an enemy army to use in the event of another invasion. Even after the ban on the use of metre gauge had been lifted and most of the operating company's lines had been converted to metre gauge, the unusual gauge was still retained, as it was felt that the unusual 800 mm gauge would prevent German use of the system. Obviously, no consideration was given to the fact that the 785 mm gauge of the Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Railway operated by the Upper Silesian Railway (OSE) differed by only 15 millimetres (0.6 in). Therefore, during the First World War, their locomotives and wagons could be used on the line, as the running surfaces of these vehicles were wide enough to operate on the 15 mm wider gauge. Although the greater yawing motion was tolerable in principle with a corresponding reduction in speed, derailments occasionally occurred.

## Stations

* Baâlons, 29 May 1916
* Omont
* Le Chesne
* Châtillon
# Raucourt–Vendresse railway

The Raucourt–Vendresse railway was a 15 kilometres (9 mi) long narrow gauge railway in northern France with at gauge of 800 mm (2 ft 7+1⁄2 in). It was commissioned by the Chemins de fer départementaux des Ardennes on 5 June 1898, inaugurated on 21 August 1898, converted to metre gauge in 1923, and operated until around 1933.

## History

Based on experience gained during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to 1871, at the insistence of the French military, the line was built with an 800 mm gauge for strategic reasons, to make it more difficult for an enemy army to use in the event of another invasion. Even after the ban on the use of metre gauge had been lifted and most of the operating company's lines had been converted to metre gauge, the unusual gauge was still retained, as it was felt that the unusual 800 mm gauge would prevent German use of the system. Obviously, no consideration was given to the fact that the 785 mm gauge of the Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Railway operated by the Upper Silesian Railway (OSE) differed by only 15 millimetres (0.59 in). Therefore, during World War I, their locomotives and wagons could be used on the line, as the running surfaces of these vehicles were wide enough to operate on the 15 mm wider gauge. Although the greater yawing motion was tolerable in principle at a correspondingly reduced speed, derailments occasionally occurred.

## Stations

* Raucourt
* Vendresse
# Luis de la Peña

Luis Fernando de la Peña-Auerbach known as Luis de la Peña is a Mexican physicist, born in Mexico City in 1931. He is a researcher of the Institute of Physics and professor of the Faculty of Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and is a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Presidency of Mexico.
He graduated from ESIME of the National Polytechnic Institute with a degree in mechanical-electrical engineering and began his professional activity as a designer of audio systems. From 1954 was professor of the ESIME and from 1958 definitively joined UNAM. He completed his PhD in 1964 under the direction of Arseny Sokolov at the Moscow State University in the Soviet Union.
He is known most for his contributions towards the field of stochastic electrodynamics (SED). In 2002 he was awarded the National Prize for Arts and Sciences in the Physics, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences category.

## Selected publications
### Papers

* de la Peña, L. (1967). "A Simple Derivation of the Schrödinger Equation From the Theory of Markov processes". Physics Letters A. 24 (11): 603–604. Bibcode:1967PhLA...24..603D. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(67)90639-1. ISSN 0375-9601.

### Books

* de la Peña, Luis; Cetto, Ana María (1996). van der Merwe, Alwyn (ed.). The Quantum Dice: An Introduction to Stochastic Electrodynamics. Dordrecht; Boston; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8723-5. ISBN 0-7923-3818-9. LCCN 95040168. OCLC 832537438.
* de la Peña, Luis; Cetto, Ana María; Valdés-Hernández, Andrea (2016). The Emerging Quantum: The Physics Behind Quantum Mechanics. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07893-9. ISBN 978-3-319-34792-9. OCLC 957533055.
# Trams in Fontainebleau

Tramway de Fontainebleau was the public transit system in Fontainebleau, France from 1896 until 1953. At its greatest extent the network comprised three lines.

## History

As a royal town, Fontainebleau benefited from an early Metre gauge tram system. The first tramline linked the Château to the train station, and opened on 29 September 1896. On 20 August 1899 an extension was opened to Vulnaines. The third tramline to Samois opened in 1913.
The initial fleet consisted of eight small two-bogie tramcars, capable of carrying 36 passengers, plus six trailers. The motor cars were equipped with two 25 hp motors which gave them relatively high power. In 1910, three more tramcars were bought (numbered 12 to 14); these possessed a Brill truck 2.4 m wide, and were capable of carrying 39 passengers.
In 1924 the CTF purchased four tramcars from the Tramway de Melun, these were subsequently sold to the Tramway de Cannes after a fire had destroyed most of Cannes' fleet.
The extensions to Vulaines and Samois closed in 1937 and the oldest tramcars were scrapped. The following fifteen years were uneventful and no changes to operations were made. Even though the tramway was generally well kept, the bus was proving to be easier to operate and the tram closed on 31 December 1953.

## Tramcars in preservation

Fontainebleau tramcar n° 11 is currently preserved in Paris by AMTUIR.
The car was put into service around 1900 on the Tramway de Melun and was one of the batch purchased by Fontainebleau in 1910; it was withdrawn in 1945.
The tramcar was rescued from a scrapyard in Maisons-Alfort and preserved on 26 October 1957.
Tramcar n°11 data :
| Length | 6.74 m |
| Width | 2.04 m |
| Height | 3 m |
| Gross weight | 2 t |
| Type | Open door closed carriage |
| Capacity | 26/30 |
| Braking | Hand brake |
| Gauge | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) |
| Builder | Société de Construction de Matériel de Transports de Douai. |
# Augustusburg Cable Railway

The Augustusburg Cable Railway (German: Drahtseilbahn Augustusburg) is a funicular railway in Saxony, Germany. It connects the station of Erdmannsdorf-Augustusburg, in the village of Erdmannsdorf and on the Annaberg-Buchholz–Flöha railway, with the town of Augustusburg on the hill above.
The need for a line to connect Augustusburg with its railway station was identified in the 19th century, with the growth of local tourism, but negotiation for granting a franchise took some years. The franchise was finally granted in 1910, and the line was opened in 1911. The line has been overhauled and restored several times, including 1971–73, 1996 and 2005–2006. New cars were provided in 1996. The stations have been kept in their historical condition, and are on the list of national monuments.
The line has the following technical parameters:
* Length: 1,239 metres (4,065 ft)
* Height: 168 metres (551 ft)
* Maximum Steepness: 20%
* Cars: 2
* Capacity: 77 passengers per car
* Configuration: Single track with passing loop
* Maximum speed: 3 metres per second (9.8 ft/s)
* Track gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
* Journey time: 8 minutes
* Traction: Electricity
The line is operated by Deutsche Bahn's subsidiary Erzgebirgsbahn, who also operate the nearby Annaberg-Buchholz–Flöha railway.
# Chiemsee-Bahn

The Chiemsee-Bahn is a meter gauge railway line in Prien am Chiemsee, Germany. It is one of the world's last steam tramways, and the oldest continuously operated steam tramway in regular operation.

## Line

The 1.9 km (1 mi) long line connects Prien am Chiemsee with Prien-Stock station. Its original terminus was on the west side of the main line railway tracks at Prien am Chiemsee station, which required the Chiemsee-Bahn to cross the tracks. This situation was eliminated in the winter of 1908/1909, when the Chiemsee-Bahn moved its terminus to the east side of the station. The line, along with its steam locomotive and passenger cars, is registered as a historic monument of Bavaria, numbered D-1-87-162-66.
* Termini
* Prien-Stock station in September 2013
* Prien am Chiemsee Chiemseebahnhof in July 2006

## History

After the death of King Ludwig II in 1886, his unfinished palace Herrenchiemsee was opened for visitors by his successor Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria. Horse-drawn carriages transported the visitors from the railway station to the harbour, where they crossed over to the Herreninsel by boat. After an accident involving a horse-drawn carriage, Ludwig Feßler, operator of the Chiemsee-Schifffahrt, decided to contract Munich-based Krauss Locomotive Works with the planning for a local railway between Prien and Stock. The contract for the construction was signed on March 15, 1887. Construction began on May 2, and the line opened on July 9, 1887.

## Rolling stock

The rolling stock consists of one steam engine and nine passenger cars, which still are in their original condition from 1887. Since 1982, the Chiemsee-Bahn also has a Deutz diesel engine, which was built in 1962 and was bought from the Halbergerhütte in Saarland.
* Rolling stock
* Chiemsee-Bahn diesel engine in June 2017
* First class car in May 2015