OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Greek smooth newt

The Greek smooth newt or Greek newt (Lissotriton graecus) is a newt species found in the southern Balkans, from southern Croatia (Dalmatia) over Montenegro, Albania and North Macedonia to Greece and south-westernmost Bulgaria.$^{:234}$. An introduced population exists in Austria, close to Vienna.

## Taxonomy

Willy Wolterstorff described the species in 1906 as Triton vulgaris graeca, a subspecies of the smooth newt. After genetic data had suggested the smooth newt was a complex of distinct lineages, Dubois and Raffaëlli, in 2009, recognised several subspecies, including the Greek smooth newt, as distinct species. This was followed by subsequent authors. Molecular phylogenetics suggested that the closest relative of the Greek smooth newt is Kosswig's smooth newt (Lissotriton kosswigi) from northwestern Anatolia.

## Description

The species differs from other species in the smooth newt species complex mainly in the male secondary characters during breeding season. The male dorsal crest is less than 1 mm high and has smooth edges. The belly has many small spots, but the lower tail fin is usually unspotted. The well-developed dorso-lateral folds give the body a square shape. Toe flaps on the hind feet are well developed.$^{:234}$

## Conservation status

It is assessed as Least Concern globally in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and supposed tolerance of a broad range of habitats. However, there is evidence that, in some large parts of the range, it is declining fast due to anthropogenic alterations (pollution, drying out of its habitat due to climate change, destruction of its habitat for commercial and touristic development, introduction of alien species, etc.). The species has been negatively impacted by the introduction of fish, particularly in the northern part of its range in Montenegro.
# SCM

SCM may refer to:

## Organizations

* Catalan Mathematical Society (Catalan: Societat Catalana de Matemàtiques)
* Colombian Mathematical Society (Spanish: Sociedad Colombiana de Matemáticas)
* SCM Corporation, an American typewriter and calculator manufacturer
* SCM Holdings, a holding company owned by Ukrainian tycoon Rinat Akhmetov
* SCM Microsystems, a former name of Identiv, a technology company
* SCM Press, a UK-based academic publisher of theology
* Securities Commission Malaysia, Malaysian statutory body
* Student Christian Movement of the United Kingdom
* Student Christian Movement (disambiguation), members of the World Student Christian Federation
* Surya Citra Media, a media company in Indonesia

## Science and technology

* Structural Causal Model, a graphical modelling used for Causal Inference in Machine Learning and Statistics, a Causal Model.
* Scanning capacitance microscopy, a mode of scanning probe microscopy
* Schwarz, Corradi, Melnick, an astronomical catalogue
* Standard cubic meter, a unit of natural gas measurement
* Sternocleidomastoid muscle
* Structured Carrier Message, a component of MaxiCode
* Subcarrier multiplexing, a multiplexing method used in optical communication systems
* Master of Science (ScM)
* Strongly correlated material

### Computing

* SCM (Scheme implementation), a free software Scheme implementation
* Service Control Manager, a component of Microsoft Windows operating systems
* Software configuration management
* Source control management or source code management, the management of documents, source code, or other data in a computing project

## Other uses

* Short course meters, in swimming, a designation for competitions in 25-meter pools
* Smart Cities Mission, India
* Squadron Corporal Major, a warrant officer appointment in the British Household Cavalry
* Star Chinese Movies, a Chinese movies channel owned by Disney Networks Group Asia Pacific
* Supply chain management, management of flow of goods and services
* Sweetened condensed milk
* School of Creative Media, within City University of Hong Kong
* Set, Complete, Meteorological, a Signal Corps Radio term
# Leo Hendriks

Leo Hendriks (born 12 July 1983) is a Dutch darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation events.

## Career

Hendriks started playing in PDC events in 2012. He played in two European Tour event qualifiers, losing in the final round of both. In 2013 he participated in the PDC Q-School, but didn't win a Tour card for the PDC Pro Tour. The other PDC tournaments he participated in were the seven European Tour Qualifiers, qualifying for the European Darts Trophy (where he lost to Michael van Gerwen in the first round) and the Gibraltar Darts Trophy (where he lost to Jamie Caven in the first round).
In 2014 he participated in the PDC Q-school again, but didn't win a Tour card for the PDC Pro Tour. The other PDC tournaments he participated in were the first three European Tour Qualifiers, but after that his second daughter was born and he didn't participate in any other international tournament in 2014.
In 2015 he switched to the BDO, but after some minor successes (third place warm up tournament Romanian Open, 9th place Romanian Open and 9th place Isle of Man Open) he started playing in PDC events once again. He qualified for the 2015 European Darts Open where he was beaten 6–3 by Dirk van Duijvenbode in the opening round.
# HotSauce

HotSauce (code-named Project X) was experimental software developed by Apple Computer as a sample application of its Meta Content Framework. HotSauce generated a 3D visualization of the contents of an MCF file, for example, a website sitemap. It could also be used to navigate the contents of the user's hard drive.
The interface presented the different nodes as "bubbles" floating in space, to which users could "fly" to, in an effect similar to the one found later in Apple's Time Machine backup software.
Apple offered beta versions of HotSauce as a web browser plug-in for the classic Mac OS and Microsoft Windows and a stand-alone application.
HotSauce was never released in a final version and while MCF was adopted by thousands of websites, including Yahoo!, most users saw no point in navigating them in a 3D space. The project was discontinued along with MCF shortly after Steve Jobs' return to the company in 1997.
# Canute Guild

Canute Guild (Estonian: Kanuti gild; French: Guilde de Sainte-Canut) was a guild in Tallinn, Estonia. The guild was named after St Knud Lavard (1096−1131), son of Eric I of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig.
The guild was established probably in 13th century; it was mentioned first in 1326. At the beginning, the guild was composed of artisans and merchants. After the creation of the Great Guild (circa 14th century), the merchants relocated thence.
Most of the guild's members were Germans. For Estonians, becoming a member was restricted, especially between 1508 and 1698.
The guild closed in 1920, after around six centuries of service.
# CFI

CFI may refer to:

## Organizations

* Campus Front of India, the student/campus wing of the Islamist organization, the Popular Front of India
* Canada Foundation for Innovation, an independent not-for-profit organization that invests in research facilities and equipment
* Carolina Film Institute, a film school
* Center for Inquiry, a US nonprofit organization that works to mitigate belief in pseudoscience and the paranormal
* Colorado Fuel and Iron, a large steel conglomerate
* Community Forests International, a charity that works with sustainability in forests
* Conservative Friends of Israel, a British parliamentary group dedicated to strengthening ties between the United Kingdom and Israel
* Consolidated Film Industries, a film laboratory and film processing company
* Contract Freighters, Inc., an American truckload freight carrier based in Joplin, Missouri
* Corporate Finance Institute, an online training and education platform
* Silicon Integration Initiative (previously CAD Framework Initiative), a non-profit consortium of semiconductor, systems, EDA, and manufacturing companies

## Science and technology

* CFI, a human gene that encodes the protein complement factor I
* Color Fidelity Index, a measure for color rendering developed by CIE which is more detailed than the Color Rendering Index (CRI) measure
* Common Flash Memory Interface, an open standard jointly developed by AMD, Intel, Sharp and Fujitsu
* Control-flow integrity, a general term for computer security techniques that prevent a wide variety of malware attacks
* Drop eligible indicator (previously Canonical Format Indicator), an element of the networking standard IEEE 802.1Q

## Other uses

* Continuous-flow intersection, an alternative design for an at-grade road junction
* Canal France International, a television channel of France 24
* ISO 10962 (also CFI), a six-letter-code used to classify and describe the structure and function of a financial instrument
* Certified flight instructor
# Operation Barak

Operation Barak (Hebrew: מבצע ברק, Mivtza Barak, lit. Operation Lightning) was a Haganah offensive launched just before the end of the British Mandate in Palestine. It was part of Plan Dalet. Its objective was to capture villages North of Gaza in anticipation of the arrival of the Egyptian army. It was undertaken by the newly formed Giv'ati brigade, commanded by Shimon Avidan.

## Background

Operational orders defined the Giv'ati brigades objectives as: "To deny the enemy a base ... creating general panic and breaking his morale ... cause the flight of the inhabitants of the smaller settlements in the area." Commander Avidan's instructions were: "You will determine alone, in consultation with your Arab affair advisers and Intelligence Service officer, the villages in your zone that should be occupied, cleaned up or destroyed." According to historian Benny Morris, Avidan preferred the latter option. As a prelude, the Giv'ati brigade's first action took place on 4 May 1948 when the brigade occupied 'Aqir, south west of al-Ramle, population 2,480.

## Operation

The offensive was launched on 9 May with Bayt Daras being subjected to mortar bombardment prior to being occupied. Subsequently, village houses were blown up. A second round of attacks were launched on 15 May.

## Aftermath

Two months later the Giv'ati brigade carried out a further operation in this area capturing at least 16 villages and creating 'more than 20,000' refugees.

## Communities captured during Operation Barak

| Name | Date | Defending forces | Brigade | Population |
| Aqir | 4 May 1948 | 'hostages taken' | Giv'ati | 2,480 |
| Qatra | 6 May 1948 | villagers | Giv'ati | 1,210 |
| Bayt Darra | 10 May 1948 | n/a | Giv'ati | 2,750 |
| 'Arab Suqrir | 10 May 1948 | n/a | Giv'ati | 390 |
| Barqa | 10–13 May | n/a | Giv'ati | 890 |
| Burayr | 12 May 1948 | n/a | Negev | 2,740 |
| Al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya | 12 May 1948 | n/a | n/a | 680 |
| Bashshit | 12 May 1948 | n/a | Giv'ati | 1,620 |
| Khubbayza | 12–14 May 1948 | n/a | IZL | 290 |
| Najd | 13 May 1948 | n/a | Negev | 620 |
| Al-Batani al-Sharqi | 13 May 1948 | n/a | Giv'ati | 650 |
| Abu Shusha | 14 May 1948 | n/a 'population fled' | Giv'ati | 870 |
| Al-Na'ani | 14 May 1948 | n/a | Giv'ati | 2,060 inc. 590 Jews |
| Al-Qubab | 15 May 1948 | n/a | n/a | 1,980 |
| Simsim | 15 May 1948 | n/a | Negev | 1,360 inc. 70 Jews |
| Al-Maghar | 15 May 1948 | n/a | Giv'ati | 1,740 |
# Operation Tagar

Operation Tagar (Hebrew: תגר, Quarrel) was the name of an Israeli Air Force operation which took place over Egypt on October 7, 1973, the second day of the Yom Kippur War.
The operation was preplanned as a sweeping operation to destroy all of the Egyptian surface-to-air missile batteries on the Egyptian front, by using unguided, general-purpose bombs dropped from a medium altitude near the targets. The attacking aircraft were to approach the targets at a very low altitude, in order to avoid being detected by Egyptian radars (especially fire control and target acquisition radars such as the Flat Face and Long Track).
The operation was composed of three attack waves, the first of which was to disable Egyptian Air Force bases, while the aim of the following two waves was to demolish the Egyptian missile batteries.
The operation was discontinued after the first attack wave damaged several Egyptian air force bases, due to the need for more air power on the Syrian front and in order to execute Operation Doogman 5.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 603

United Nations Security Council resolution 603, adopted unanimously on 25 November 1987, considered a report by the Secretary-General regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. The Council noted its efforts to establish a durable and just peace in the Middle East but also expressed its concern over the prevailing state of tension in the area.
The resolution decided to call upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338 (1973), it renewed the mandate of the Observer Force for another six months until 31 May 1988 and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.
# Fédération Tunisienne de Tennis

The Fédération Tunisienne de Tennis (French: Fédération Tunisienne de Tennis) (FTT) (Arabic: الجامعة التونسية لكرة المضرب), is the national Tennis association in Tunisia. FTT organizes team tennis within Tunisia and represents Tunisian tennis internationally. The federation is a member of the International Tennis Federation (ITF), Confederation of African Tennis (CAT) and the Arab Tennis Federation (ATF). The president of FTT is Salma Mouelhi.
In 2013 Tunisian tennis player Malek Jaziri was embroiled in a controversial political incident, when he withdrew from a tournament rather than play an Israeli player. In the October 2013 Tashkent Challenger, tournament in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, he was slated to play Israeli Amir Weintraub in the quarterfinals. But the Tunisian tennis federation ordered Jaziri by email to withdraw from the match, and he did so.
Weintraub said that Jaziri was "a good friend," and that "he really wanted to play." Israel Tennis Association CEO Shlomo Glickstein said: "It is sad to me that these kinds of things still happen. I feel bad for the athletes who find themselves embroiled in such situations, which end up hurting their careers.”
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) found that the Tunisian Tennis Federation breached the ITF constitution by ordering him not to compete. The organization barred Tunisia from competing in the 2014 Davis Cup. ITF president Francesco Ricci Bitti said: "There is no room for prejudice of any kind in sport or in society. The ITF Board decided to send a strong message to the Tunisian Tennis Federation that this kind of action will not be tolerated by any of our members."

## Board members

The new federal office of the FTT mandate 2016-2020 composed by:
| Name | Position |
| Salma Mouelhi | President |
| Fakher Baraket | Member |
| Houda Barouni | Member |
| Abdelkarim Boughaba | Member |
| Bassem Ben Hassen | Member |
| Abdelaziz Boubaker | Member |
| Amel Hachini | Member |
| Sonia Dammak | Member |
| Mondher Bouzgarrou | Member |
| Walid Gritli | Member |
| Seif Ismail | Member |
| Ayoub Khedhir | Member |
# Brenda Elder

Brenda Elder (born 1938) is an English actress, best remembered for her recurring role as Elsie Seddon, the mother of Sally Webster, in Coronation Street from 1986 to 1997.

## Television Roles

* Coronation Street (10 roles):
** Waitress (1964; 1 episode)
** Customer (1967; 1 episode)
** Mrs Bolan (1968; 1 episode) Bride (1968; 1 episode)
** Flo (1972; 1 episode)
** Mrs. Hillkirk (1973; 1 episode)
** Eunice Wheeler (1975; 2 episodes)
** Woman in Corridor (1978; 1 episode)
** Mrs. Mossop (1983; 1 episode)
** Elsie Seddon (1986, 1989, 1990–91, 1997; 12 episodes)
* A Touch of Grace:
** Guest Star (1973; 1 episode)
* Brookside:
** Barbara Black (1986)
* How We Used To Live:
** Sarah Selby (1984–85; 8 episodes)
* Heartbeat:
** Agnes (1998; 1 episode)
Mrs Hayes, [Sherlock Holmes} The Priory School
# Abelemkpe

Abelenkpe is an urban area in the Accra Metropolitan district, a district of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Abelenkpe is located in the northern part of the Accra Metropolitan District in the Greater Accra Region.
# Robert Stheeman

Sir Robert Alexander Talma Stheeman CB (born 7 June 1959) is the former chief executive of the Debt Management Office. He previously had a banking career in the UK and Europe.

## Early life

Stheeman was born in the United Kingdom and educated at Stowe School before joining the Vereins- und Westbank in Hamburg, Germany in 1979, where he qualified as an official Bankkaufmann.
Stheeman is the son of Sape Talma Stheeman and Cecile Talma Stheeman (nee Mendelssohn Bartholdy) and has been married to Elisabeth Stheeman since 1989. They have four sons.

## Career

In 1986 Stheeman joined Deutsche Bank AG in Frankfurt. He subsequently worked as a Director in the Debt Capital Markets group of Deutsche Bank in London, leading relationships with sovereign issuers and official institutions.
In January 2003 Stheeman was appointed Chief Executive of the UK Debt Management Office (DMO), an executive agency of HM Treasury responsible for carrying out the UK Government's debt and cash management operations, including issuing gilts to raise long term finance for the government and operating in the money markets to manage the government’s cash flows. The DMO also oversees the statutory functions of the Commissioners for the Reduction of National Debt and the Public Works Loans Board.
As Chief Executive, Stheeman is accountable to Treasury ministers for advising on and delivering the UK Government’s cash financing requirements and the issuance of government bonds. Between 2003 and 2019 Stheeman raised £2 trillion of borrowing.
On 31 December 2015, Stheeman was knighted in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to UK Government Debt Management. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the New Year Honours 2008.
In September 2023, he announced that he would be stepping down as CEO of the DMO, after 21 years there. In an address to the Public Accounts Committee, he said that the reason he had stayed at the DMO for so long was that it was "arguably just about the most interesting job around".
# Simon Haskel, Baron Haskel

Simon Haskel, Baron Haskel (born 9 October 1934) is a British Labour Party politician and life peer.

## Life and career

Simon Haskel was educated at Sedbergh School and Salford College of Advanced Technology (now the University of Salford), where he graduated with a BSc in Textile Technology. He then built up his own national and international textile firm, the Perrotts Group Plc.
Haskel was created a life peer in the House of Lords on 4 October 1993, taking the title Baron Haskel, of Higher Broughton in the County of Greater Manchester. He served as a Lord-in-Waiting in the first Blair ministry from May 1997 to August 1998.
# Stonecrest (Rhinebeck, New York)

Stonecrest is a historic home located at Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York. It was built about 1905, and is a two-story, stone and frame Shingle Style asymmetrical building. It features a gambrel roof pierced by variety of irregularly placed gables and dormers and a wraparound verandah. Also on the property is a contributing carriage house.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
# Reginaldo Polloni

Reginaldo Polloni (14 November 1926 – 22 August 2004) was an Italian rower. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London with the men's coxed four where they were eliminated in the semi-final.
# Hamad City incursion

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The Hamad City incursion was a two–week Israeli military operation against Hamas forces in the apartment complex and neighborhood of Hamad City, Khan Yunis, in the Gaza Strip.

## Battle

On 3 March, Israeli forces entered Hamad City, setting up checkpoints there and telling civilians to leave. The operation extensive airstrikes targeting 50 objects as well as artillery barrage. Within 15 minutes, Israeli forces reportedly encircled the neighborhood killing anyone who did not leave through designated areas, claiming to have killed 20 Hamas sighters.
On 8 March, Major Amishar Ben David, battalion commander's command and control officer was killed while fighting in Hamad City. On 11 March, the Israeli army said it killed15 Hamas fighters in residential apartments, and also said it found weapons caches in tunnels. On 13 March, heavy clashes were reported in Hamad City with Israeli forces conquering the town building after building with two Israeli soldiers reportedly being killed. Israel said it conducted more than 100 airstrikes. On 15 March, Israeli forces claimed to have destroyed 200m long tunnel in Hamad City. On 16 March 2024, Palestinian forces claimed to have targeted an Israeli personnel carrier using “Asif” bomb and AR bullets.
On 16 March, Israeli forces withdrew from Hamad.
On 19 March, Israel announced the end of its incursion, destruction of 100 buildings, killing reportedly over 100 fighters and seizing weapons.

## Aftermath

On 21 March, Palestinian journalist showed a video of empty streets in Hamad City without Israeli presence. Fifteen bodies were recovered in the area by the Palestine Red Crescent Society.
# Ernest C. Torres

Ernest C. Torres (born October 6, 1941) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island.

## Education and career

Born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, Torres received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Dartmouth College in 1963 and a Juris Doctor from Duke University School of Law in 1968. He was in private practice in Providence, Rhode Island, from 1968 to 1980. He was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1975 to 1980, serving as deputy minority leader from 1977 to 1980. He was an associate justice of the Rhode Island Superior Court from 1980 to 1985. He was an assistant vice president in charge of national staff counsel, Aetna Life Insurance Company from 1985 to 1986. He was in private practice in Providence from 1986 to 1988.

## Federal judicial service

Torres was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on June 22, 1987, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island vacated by Judge Bruce M. Selya. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 5, 1987, and received his commission on November 6, 1987. He served as Chief Judge from 1999 to 2006. He assumed senior status on December 1, 2006, and retired June 1, 2011.