# Timeline of New Orleans

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
   Kingdom of France 1718–1763 Kingdom of Spain 1763–1802 French First Republic 1802–1803 United States of America 1803–1861 State of Louisiana 1861 Confederate States of America 1861–1862 United States of America 1862–present

## 18th century

* 1718 – La Nouvelle-Orléans founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville of the Mississippi Company.
* 1722 – Capital of La Louisiane is relocated to New Orleans, from Biloxi.
* 1724 - Code Noir implemented in Congo Square gave enslaved Africans Sundays off "to dance".
* 1734 – Ursuline Convent built.
* 1752 – Modern-day Ursuline Convent building is finished, today the oldest and finest French Colonial building in the U.S.
* 1762 – French colony ceded to Spain under Alejandro O'Reilly.
* 1768 - Population: 3.200. (approx).
* 1769 - New Orleans City Archives established.
* 1770s – Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop was built, one of the oldest extant buildings in New Orleans.
* 1779–1781 – Governor-general Bernardo de Gálvez successfully wages the Gulf Coast campaign against British West Florida, as part of the Anglo-Spanish War (1779–83) and in support of the American Revolutionary War.
* 1788
** Great New Orleans Fire.
** Lafayette Square laid out (approximate date), by the Surveyor-general Charles Trudeau, who would later serve as interim mayor.
** Madame John's Legacy was built, today a rare example of a raised cottage in the French Quarter.
* 1789 – Saint Louis Cemetery established.
* 1792 – Theatre de la Rue Saint Pierre opened.
* 1794
** 2nd Great New Orleans Fire
** St. Louis Cathedral built on the site of an earlier Catholic church.
** Carondelet Canal constructed.
* 1799 – Cabildo (seat of Spanish colonial city hall ) rebuilding completed.

## 19th century
### 1800s–1840s

* 1801 – France regains power, on paper.
* 1803
** Napoleon sells a huge swath of North America to the U.S. via the Louisiana Purchase. Formalities of the Spanish transfer to France and the French cession to the United States do not take place until November and December, at the Cabildo; with Upper Louisiana (St. Louis)'s ceremony occurring in the spring of 1804.
** Etienne de Boré becomes the first mayor, under territorial Governor William C. C. Claiborne.
** Population: 10,000. (approx).
* 1804
** Orleans Gazette newspaper begins publication.
** The Territory of Orleans (future state of Louisiana) is established, with the seat of government in New Orleans.
* 1805 – New Orleans incorporated as a city
* 1806 – New Orleans Mechanics Society instituted.
* 1810 – Population: 17,242.
* 1811 – Largest slave revolt in American history occurs nearby, with Orleans Parish involved in its aftermath.
* 1812
** April – Louisiana becomes a state, with New Orleans as its first capital.
** August – 1812 Louisiana hurricane
* 1813 – The Presbytere built.
* 1815
** January – Battle of New Orleans
** Charity Hospital built.
** Théâtre d'Orléans opens.
* 1816 – First licensed pharmacist in the United States, Louis J. Dufilho Jr.
* 1817 – First Congregational Church built.
* 1818 – Fort Pike built.
* 1822 – Fort Macomb built.
* 1824
** American Theatre built.
** Pontchartrain Hotel built at Spanish Fort.
** Camp Street Theatre becomes the first English language theater constructed in New Orleans.
* 1827
** L’Abeille de la Nouvelle-Orléans newspaper begins publication.
** Algiers ferry in operation, which has run continuously to the present day.
* 1830 – Introduction of natural gas
* 1831 – Pontchartrain Railroad begins operating.
* 1832 – First steam-powered cotton press
* 1833 – Lafayette Cemetery is founded.
* 1834 – Medical College of Louisiana and U.S. Mint established.
* 1835
** New Orleans and Carrollton Railroad begins operating, which became today's streetcar lines.
** U.S. military barracks and First Presbyterian Church built.
** St. Charles Theatre in operation.
** Convent of the Holy Family founded.
* 1836
** City is divided into three municipalities, which system existed for about twenty years.
** St. Louis Hotel in business.
** Female Orphan Asylum in operation.
* 1837
** The Picayune newspaper begins publication.
** U.S. economic recession begins with the Panic of 1837.
** Christ Church built.
* 1838
** St. Charles Hotel in business.
** New Basin Canal opens, connecting uptown and the lakefront.
** St. Vincent De Paul Church built.
* 1840
** Population reaches approximately 102,000 or double the 1830 population. At this point, New Orleans is the wealthiest city in the nation, the third-most populous city, and the largest city in the South. (New York City's population was 312,000. Baltimore and New Orleans were the same size, with Baltimore showing only 100 more people.)
** Beginning of the city's public school system
** 25th anniversary celebration of the Battle of New Orleans victory, with former President Andrew Jackson in attendance
** Antoine's restaurant in business.
** St. Patrick's Church built.
** Cypress Grove Cemetery and First German Lutheran Congregation established.
* 1841
** The Boston Club formed.
** St. Augustine Church founded.
* 1842
** St. Augustine Church dedicated.
** Holy Family Sisters founded.
* 1844
** 824 Canal Street built by James Gallier for Dr William Newton Mercer, a planter from Mississippi who served as a surgeon in the War of 1812.
* 1845 – City Hall built.
* 1846
** Public School Library, 1st District, established.
** Jackson monument erected.
** De Bow's Commercial Review begins publication.
* 1847 – University of Louisiana Law School opens.
* 1849
** State capital is relocated to the then-small-town of Baton Rouge.
** Flood.

### 1850s–1890s

* 1850's - St. Louis Cathedral rebuilding completed.
* 1852
** Lafayette becomes part of city.
** Union Race Course opens.
** Touro Infirmary founded.
* 1853
** City Park established.
** Major yellow fever epidemic.
* 1855 – Swiss Benevolent Society founded.
* 1856
** Mistick Krewe of Comus founded.
** Last Island hurricane dumps 13 inches of rainfall on the city.
** Texas and New Orleans Railroad founded.
* 1857
** Saint Alphonsus Church built.
** The Pickwick Club formed.
* 1859
** French Opera House opens.
** Locust Grove Cemetery established.
* 1860
** Louisiana Historical Society incorporated.
** St. Mary's Assumption Church built.
** Population: 168,675.
* 1861 – January – Louisiana votes to secede from the Union.
* 1862
** Capture of New Orleans by Union forces.
** Café du Monde in business.
** Harmony Club formed.
* 1863 – New-Orleans Times newspaper begins publication.
* 1866 – New Orleans riot
* 1867 – Another in the long series of yellow fever epidemics; this one took its toll in Texas, as well.
* 1868
** Louisiana readmitted to the Union.
** Straight University founded.
* 1869 – New Orleans University founded.
* 1870
** Algiers and Jefferson City annexed.
** Leland College established.
** Population: 191,418.
* 1871
** New Orleans Cotton Exchange established.
** Audubon Park established.
* 1874
** Carrollton annexed.
** Battle of Liberty Place, white insurrection against the Reconstruction government.
* 1876
** St. Roch Cemetery chapel dedicated.
** New Orleans Lawn Tennis Club and Athénée Louisianais founded.
* 1879 – Unsightly beggar ordinance effected.
* 1880 – Population: 216,090.
* 1881 – Southern University opens.
* 1882 - Flood.
* 1883 – Theatre built at Spanish Fort.
* 1884 – World Cotton Centennial held.
* 1886
** Christ Church Cathedral founded.
** New Orleans Camera Club organized.
* 1887 – Howard Memorial Library built.
* 1889 – Louisiana Historical Association founded.
* 1890
** Confederate Memorial Hall built. Commander's Palace restaurant opens.
** Jefferson City Buzzards Mardi Gras Marching Club formed and will live to become the oldest marching club.
** Population: 242,039.
* 1891
** Jackson Brewery building constructed.
** Liberty Monument erected.
** Italian troubles of 1891.
* 1892
** New Orleans Union Station opens.
** Street Railway Union established.
** June – Homer Plessy arrested.
** 1892 New Orleans general strike.
* 1893
** Electric streetcars begin operating.
** The Roosevelt New Orleans Hotel opens as Hotel Grunewald.
* 1894 – U.S. Naval Station built.
* 1895 – 1895 New Orleans dockworkers riot
* 1895 – Hennen Building completed.
* 1896 – Fisk Free and Public Library opens.
* 1897 – Storyville district established.
* 1898 - City Board of Health created.
* 1900
** Robert Charles Riots
** Art Association of New Orleans founded.
** Development of Garden District concluded.
** Population: 287,104.

## 20th century
### 1900s–1940s

* 1901 – Louisiana hurricane causes much flooding in the city, due partly to the overflowing Carondelet Canal.
* 1904 – Loyola College established.
* 1905 – Galatoire's restaurant in business.
* 1906
** Louisiana State Museum founded.
** Beth Israel synagogue opens.
* 1907
** Dixie Brewing Company in business.
** New Orleans Library Club formed.
** White City amusement park in business.
* 1908 – New Orleans Public Library main branch building opens.
* 1909 – The Grand Isle hurricane causes much New Orleans flooding.
* 1910 – Population: 339,075.
* 1911 – Delgado Museum of Art and Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of New Orleans established.
* 1914 – Audubon Zoo established.
* 1915
** Xavier College established.
** 1915 New Orleans hurricane inflicts great wind damage, destroying churches and the Presbytere's cupola.
* 1916 – Our Lady of Holy Cross College and Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club established.
* 1917
** Livery Stable Blues recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band.
** Storyville closed.
* 1918
** 1918 influenza epidemic.
** Arnaud's restaurant in business.
* 1919 – The French Opera House is destroyed by fire
* 1920
** Broussard's restaurant in business.
** Population: 387,219.
* 1921
** Delgado Central Trades School opens.
** Orpheum Theater in operation.
** Hibernia Bank Building constructed.
* 1922 - WWL radio begins broadcasting.
* 1923
** WDSU radio begins broadcasting.
** Notre Dame Seminary founded.
** Roosevelt Hotel in business.
** Industrial Canal Lock built.
* 1924
** New Orleans Item-Tribune newspaper begins publication.
** Women's "Petit Salon" organized.
* 1925
** WSMB radio begins broadcasting.
** Lakeview Presbyterian Church built.
* 1926
** WBNO and WJBW radio begin broadcasting.
** State Palace Theatre built.
** Tulane Stadium opens.
* 1927
** Saenger Theatre opens.
** First National Bank of Commerce Building constructed.
** Pontchartrain Hotel in business.
* 1928 – Pontchartrain Beach amusement park opens.
* 1929 – National American Bank Building constructed.
* 1930
** Dillard University chartered.
** Municipal Auditorium opens.
** Broadmoor Improvement Association formed.
** Population: 458,762.
* 1932 – Bureau of Governmental Research established.
* 1933 – O'Brien's in business.
* 1935 – Sugar Bowl begins.
* 1936 – New Orleans Botanical Garden opens.
* 1937 – New Orleans Roosevelt Review begins publication.
* 1938
** Zurich Classic of New Orleans golf tournament begins.
** Vieux Carré Property Owners, Residents, and Associates preservation group incorporated.
* 1939
** Charity Hospital built.
** Lincoln Beach amusement park in business.
* 1943 - New Orleans Opera Association formed.
* 1946
** Moisant International Airport opens.
** Foreign trade zone established in the Port of New Orleans.
** New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary formed.
* 1947
** Joy Theater opens.
** New Orleans Emergency Medical Services established.
** September hurricane creates tremendous flooding, shutting down Moisant Airport.
* 1948 - WDSU-TV (television) begins broadcasting.
* 1949 – Middle South Utilities in business.

### 1950s–1990s

* 1950 – New Orleans Pharmacy Museum opens.
* 1951 - St. Augustine High School opens to educate African-American young men preparing for college.
* 1953 - WJMR-TV (television) begins broadcasting.
* 1954
** McDonogh Day Boycott
** New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal opens.
* 1956
** Louisiana State University in New Orleans and Southern University at New Orleans established.
** Lake Pontchartrain Causeway opens.
* 1957
** Pontchartrain Expressway opens.
** Harvey Tunnel built.
* 1958 – Greater New Orleans Bridge opens.
* 1959 - WVUE-TV (television) begins broadcasting.
* 1960 – November 14: Desegregation of New Orleans Public Schools begins, with The New Orleans Four (Gail Etienne, Ruby Bridges, Leona Tate and Tessie Prevost) Gail, Leona and Tessie enrolled at McDonogh 19 Elementary and Ruby enrolled at William Frantz Elementary.
* 1965
** Annual Marathon race begins.
** I-10 Twin Span Bridge opens.
** Hurricane Betsy causes great damage to the city, the worst before Katrina 40 years later.
* 1966 – Historic New Orleans Collection and Amistad Research Center established.
* 1967
** New Orleans Saints football team formed.
** International Trade Mart building constructed.
* 1969
** Plaza Tower built.
** Hurricane Camille inflicts $320 million damage in Louisiana.
* 1970 – Jazz Fest begins.
* 1972 – One Shell Square built.
* 1973
** UpStairs Lounge arson attack
** Sniper Mark Essex attacks police in a shooting spree at a Howard Johnsons hotel.
** New Orleans Center for Creative Arts opened.
* 1974
** New Orleans Jazz basketball team formed.
** Preservation Resource Center founded.
* 1975
** Superdome opens.
** WYLD-FM begins airing in an R&B format.
* 1978
** Ernest N. Morial is elected as city's first African-American mayor.
** New Orleans Academy of Fine Arts established.
* 1979
** K-Paul's Louisiana Kitchen in business.
** Annual Crescent City Classic running race begins.
** New Orleans Regional Transit Authority established.
** New Orleans Jazz basketball team relocates to Utah and becomes the Utah Jazz.
* 1980
** Longue Vue House and Gardens opens.
** Radio WWOZ begins broadcasting.
* 1981 – New Orleans Mint museum active.
* 1983
** Lakefront Arena opens.
** Luling Bridge opens.
** Pontchartrain Beach amusement park closes.
* 1984
** French Quarter Festival begins.
** Convention Center opens.
** 1984 Louisiana World Exposition
** Place St. Charles built.
* 1986 – Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival begins. Ends a few months later
* 1988 – 1988 Republican National Convention
* 1989 – New Orleans Film Society founded.
* 1990
** Emeril's restaurant in business.
** Aquarium of the Americas opens.
** Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge established.
** Population: 496,938.
* 1991 – Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra formed.
* 1994 – New Orleans Jazz National Historical Park created.
* 1995
** Essence Music Festival begins.
** May 1995 Louisiana flood
* 1998 – City website online (approximate date).
* 1999 – Voodoo Fest of music begins.
* 2000
** National World War II Museum opens.
** Six Flags New Orleans theme park opened (closed 2005); initially called Jazzland.
** Population: 484,674.

## 21st century
### 2000s

* 2001 – New Orleans Bowl begins.
* 2002
** Charlotte Hornets basketball team relocates to New Orleans and becomes the New Orleans Hornets.
** New Orleans VooDoo football team formed.
* 2003
** Iron Rail Book Collective founded.
** Ogden Museum of Southern Art established.
** John McDonogh High School shooting
* 2004 – Christmas Eve snowstorm
* 2005
** August – Hurricane Katrina; levee failures.
** September – Hurricane Rita.
** Bring New Orleans Back Commission formed.
** Big Easy Rollergirls established.
* 2006
** World Cultural Economic Forum begins.
** January – Chocolate City speech.
* 2008
** Hurricane Gustav
** Prospect New Orleans art exhibit begins.
** Audubon Insectarium opens.
* 2009 – Joseph Cao becomes U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district, Congress's first Vietnamese American member.

### 2010s

* 2010
** Population: 343,829. The New Orleans Saints win Super Bowl XLIV on February 7, 2010, bringing home the city's first ever major professional league sports title.
** Mitch Landrieu elected mayor
** Treme (TV series) debuts
** Deepwater Horizon oil disaster
* 2011 - Cedric Richmond becomes U.S. representative for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district.
* 2012
** BlightStatus city app launched.
** Hurricane Isaac creates widespread power outages.
* 2013
** New Orleans Hornets basketball team renames themselves the New Orleans Pelicans in an effort to localize its name and identity.
* 2014
** Former mayor Nagin sentenced to prison.
** Fictional program NCIS New Orleans debuts premiere episode on WWL, part of the wider NCIS franchise set in the city
* 2015
** 200th anniversary commemoration of the Battle of New Orleans.
** Population: 386,617 (estimate).
* 2016
** Population: 387,200
* 2017
** August-Solar Eclipse during August 21, 2017
** Population: 389,157
** Removal of Robert E. Lee Statue and other prominent monuments to the Confederacy
* 2018
** Population: 392,120
** LaToya Cantrell elected mayor
* 2019
** Population: 395,429 (estimation)
** A new Hard Rock Hotel and Casino being constructed in the city partially collapses, causing a large search effort.

### 2020s

* 2021
** Hurricane Ida makes landfall in Louisiana, passing through New Orleans on the 16th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina.
* 2025
** Population : 421,987 (estimate)