# Regions of the African Union

The member states of the African Union (AU) are divided into five geographical regions.
When a principal organ of the United Nations allocates a certain number of seats to the African Group, such as on the UN Security Council or the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the African Union distributes these seats based on these geographical regions (however, even though Morocco was not a member of the African Union between 1984-2017, it was still eligible to be picked). States must apply to the Executive Council's Committee on Candidatures by March of the election year in order to become a candidate. The Committee allocates seats roughly by proportion (for example, the Western Africa subregion usually gets the largest number of seats).

## List

List of AU member states by alphabetical order:

### Northern

| Member state | Capital | Area (km$^2$) |
| Algeria | Algiers | 2,381,740 |
| Egypt | Cairo | 1,001,451 |
| Libya | Tripoli | 1,759,540 |
| Mauritania | Nouakchott | 1,030,700 |
| Morocco | Rabat | 446,550 |
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Tifariti (provisional) | 266,000 |
| Tunisia | Tunis | 163,610 |

### Southern

| Member state | Capital(s) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Angola | Luanda | 1,246,700 |
| Botswana | Gaborone | 581,726 |
| Eswatini | Mbabane | 17,364 |
| Lesotho | Maseru | 30,355 |
| Malawi | Lilongwe | 118,484 |
| Mozambique | Maputo | 801,590 |
| Namibia | Windhoek | 824,116 |
| South Africa | Pretoria Cape Town Bloemfontein | 1,221,037 |
| Zambia | Lusaka | 752,618 |
| Zimbabwe | Harare | 390,757 |

### Eastern

| Member state | Capital | Area (km$^2$) |
| Comoros | Moroni | 2,235 |
| Djibouti | Djibouti | 23,200 |
| Eritrea | Asmara | 117,600 |
| Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | 1,104,300 |
| Kenya | Nairobi | 580,367 |
| Madagascar | Antananarivo | 587,041 |
| Mauritius | Port Louis | 2,040 |
| Rwanda | Kigali | 26,798 |
| Seychelles | Victoria | 451 |
| Somalia | Mogadishu | 637,661 |
| South Sudan | Juba | 619,745 |
| Sudan | Khartoum | 1,886,068 |
| Tanzania | Dodoma | 945,087 |
| Uganda | Kampala | 236,040 |

### Western

| Member state | Capital | Area (km$^2$) |
| Benin | Porto-Novo | 112,622 |
| Burkina Faso | Ouagadougou | 274,000 |
| Cabo Verde | Praia | 4,033 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | Yamoussoukro | 322,462 |
| Gambia | Banjul | 10,380 |
| Ghana | Accra | 238,534 |
| Guinea-Bissau | Bissau | 36,125 |
| Guinea | Conakry | 245,857 |
| Liberia | Monrovia | 111,369 |
| Mali | Bamako | 1,240,192 |
| Niger | Niamey | 1,267,000 |
| Nigeria | Abuja | 923,768 |
| Senegal | Dakar | 196,723 |
| Sierra Leone | Freetown | 71,740 |
| Togo | Lomé | 56,785 |

### Central

| Member state | Capital | Area (km$^2$) |
| Burundi | Gitega | 27,834 |
| Cameroon | Yaounde | 475,442 |
| Central African Republic | Bangui | 622,984 |
| Chad | N'Djamena | 1,284,000 |
| Congo Republic | Brazzaville | 342,000 |
| DR Congo | Kinshasa | 2,345,409 |
| Equatorial Guinea | Malabo | 28,051 |
| Gabon | Libreville | 267,667 |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | São Tomé | 964 |

### African diaspora

In the Constitutive Act of the African Union, under amended Article 3(q) of the Act (Objectives), the following is stated regarding the African diaspora: “invite and encourage the full participation of the African Diaspora as an important part of our continent, in building the African Union.” Additionally, the African Union provides definition for its concept of the African diaspora as the following: “The African Diaspora consists of peoples of native or partial African origin living outside the continent, irrespective of their citizenship and nationality and who are willing to contribute to the development of the continent and the building of the African Union.”
In 2016, the African Union denied membership to Haiti due to membership admission, as per Article 29.1 of the Constitutive Act of the African Union, being limited to any “African State.”
In the African Union Handbook (2021), persons who have been appointed to represent the African diaspora at the Assembly of the African Union have been granted the status of observer. More specifically, the African Union Handbook (2021) states:
   In January 2008, the Executive Council suggested that the African diaspora be treated as Africa’s sixth region and its participation in the AU’s organs and activities be strengthened (EX.CL/Dec.406(XII)). The Assembly has recognised the diaspora as a substantive entity contributing to the economic and social development of the continent and has invited its representatives as observers to Assembly sessions (see Assembly/AU/Res.1(XVIII) of January 2012).
The African Union has also established regional institutions, such as the Western Hemisphere African Diaspora Network, and international institutions, such as the Economic, Social and Cultural Council, to facilitate African diaspora relations.
Additionally, the African Union works together with AfricaRecruit, the Caribbean Community and Common Market, the Commonwealth Business Council, the International Organization for Migration, and the World Bank to facilitate African diaspora relations, regionally and internationally. Furthermore, individual countries (e.g., Ghana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa) in Africa have also undertaken national efforts to facilitate African diaspora relations, internationally.

## Changes

When the Organisation of African Unity (the African Union's predecessor) was originally created, Southern Africa was not yet independent and member states were grouped into four regions. As states in Southern Africa gained independence and became members, they joined the Eastern Africa group (including Zambia, Botswana, and Lesotho; but excluding Angola which joined the Central Africa group).
A decision in 1976, implemented by 1979, created the Southern Africa group. The six southern members which had joined Eastern Africa re-grouped, but Angola remained part of Central Africa.
Sometime between 1979 and 1980, Sudan changed from the Northern Africa group to the Eastern Africa group.
In 1995, Angola changed from the Central Africa group to the Southern Africa group.
Sometime between 2000 and 2003, Rwanda changed from the Central Africa group to the Eastern Africa group.
In 2004, Mauritania changed from the Western Africa group to the Northern Africa group.