OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jagdfaust

The Sondergerät SG 500 Jagdfaust ("hunting fist") or Jägerfaust ("hunter's fist") was an experimental airborne anti-bomber recoilless rifle designed for use in the Me 163 Komet rocket plane by the German Luftwaffe during World War II.

## Design

The Jagdfaust design was based on the Schräge Musik, the manually triggered upward-firing air-to-air cannon extensively deployed with the Luftwaffe night fighter squadrons.
The Komet was so fast that pilots found it difficult to fire enough cannon rounds to destroy a bomber in a single pass. The Jagdfaust was developed to address this problem. A 5 cm shell was mounted in a launch tube held in place by a pair of thin pins. Four such tubes were mounted vertically (to fire upward) in each wing. To ensure it would be fired at the correct time, the weapon featured a simple form of automated trigger in which an optical photocell detected the dark silhouette of an Allied bomber replacing bright blue sky and triggered the firing of the armed Jagdfaust guns. When the weapon fired, the force of the launch would break the pins holding the tube in place and the heavy tube would be ejected downward to offset the momentum of the explosive force of the shell. As a result, the plane's flight was not affected.
The Jagdfaust used a 5 cm Minengranate shell, whose thin walls traded fragmentation for additional explosives; when detonated within an aircraft with sheet metal skin, the skin would be blown off to devastating effect. The entire weapon was designed for economy. Because it was intended for short range use, the shell had an aerodynamically inefficient shape that could be easily forged or stamped. Its tolerances were loose, as its long-range accuracy was not an issue. Instead of a driving band, the shell flared at its base and was machined to engage the rifling. The launch tube was made of soft unalloyed steel since it would not need to keep its rifling over repeated firings. The shell used a simple type of fuse instead of the more complex and expensive AZ 39 Safety Fuse. It was probably shipped pre-assembled and ready to install.

## Operational history

The weapon system is credited with one kill: on April 10, 1945 Fritz Kelb downed an RAF Lancaster using it. Though initial results were promising, the war ended before it could see extensive deployment. It is believed only two aircraft were ever outfitted with it.
# Andrés Pérez de Herrasti

Andrés Pérez de Herrasti y Pérez del Pulgar (1750–1818) was a Spanish military commander.

## Early career

After enlisting as a cadet in the Provincial Regiment of Granada in 1762, Pérez de Herrasti transferred to the Royal Guards Corps in 1764, seeing action in Algeria in 1775. Promoted to second lieutenant in 1779, he participated in the blockade and siege of Gibraltar until 1783. Promoted two years later to lieutenant, he saw action at the siege of Oran in 1791 and, from April 1793, in the War of the Pyrenees at Masdeu, Perpignan, Millas, Trouillas, Bolou and Banyuls dels Aspres, by which time he had been promoted to captain. In 1794 his battalion was beaten back at the defence of Pla del Rey and Pérez de Herrasti was taken prisoner.
Promoted to brigadier in 1795, he again saw action during the War of the Oranges, at Borba and Villaviciosa.
In 1807 Pérez de Herrasti was given interim command of the 1st Battalion of his regiment and sent to Portugal, returning to Spain in March 1808. That same month he took part in the Mutiny of Aranjuez.

## Peninsular War

Stationed at Vicálvaro, just outside Madrid, when the Dos de Mayo Uprising took place, he was prohibited from moving into the capital by the president of the Council of Castile, Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain, who sent him to join General Castaños's troops stationed in La Rioja.
That November, he saw action at Tudela and, the following month, at the combat of Tarancón where, at the head of two hundred men, he managed to repel two attacks by 800 French horse, in reward for which he was promoted to field marshal.
In March 1809 Pérez de Herrasti was incorporated into the Army of Galicia and that October given command of Ciudad Rodrigo, with a garrison of 5,500 troops plus 240 horse under the command of lieutenant colonel Julián Sánchez, for carrying out sorties.
In February 1810, Pérez de Herrasti rejected Marshal Ney's demands for the surrender of the place which, together with the sorties carried out by Sánchez's horse, forced the French commander to return to his headquarters at the Castle of San Felices de los Gallegos.
The following 25 April, Ney returned, this time to lay siege. In the meantime, the Spanish garrison had been increased to 6,000 troops, including 400 artillerymen and Sánchez's horse now numbered 340.
At the end of the siege he was taken prisoner to Bayonne, where he remained until the end of the war.

## Post-war career

On his return to Spain, he was promoted to lieutenant general in July 1814 and that same month appointed military governor of Barcelona, post he held at his death. In 1815 he was also, briefly, interim captain general of Catalonia.
# Bo Butner

James E. "Bo" Butner III (born June 10, 1974, in New Albany, Indiana) is an American drag racer, currently driving a Chevrolet Camaro Pro Stock Car for Elite motor sports in the NHRA Camping World Drag Racing Series. The Floyds Knobs, Indiana native made his Pro Stock debut in 2015 at the NHRA Southern Nationals in Commerce, Georgia after previously competing in the Sportsman categories of the NHRA Lucas Oil Drag Racing Series. His first career national event win on the professional level would come two years later on April 23, 2017, at the NHRA SpringNationals in Baytown, Texas, defeating Jeg Coughlin Jr. in the Pro Stock finals. Butner would win four more national events that year en route to his first world championship in Pro Stock. He also has a world championship from 2006 in Competition Eliminator as well as four NHRA Division 3 championships in the Sportsman categories.
Butner is currently CEO of Jim Butner Auto, Inc. of Clarksville, Indiana, a longtime family owned car dealership which is also the primary sponsor for his Pro Stock Car.
# Nadir Larbaoui

Nadir Larbaoui (born 26 September 1949) is an Algerian politician, lawyer and diplomat, serving as the Prime Minister of Algeria since November 2023.

## Early life

In his youth, Larbaoui was an athlete on Algeria men's national handball team. He participated in the Algerian Men's Handball Cup and won the 1971–1972, 1972–1973 and 1975–1976 Algerian Cups. He was selected during the World Handball Championship in 1974 then during the African Handball Championship in 1976.

## Career

After retiring from handball, he enrolled in University of Algiers Faculty of Law and earned a master's degree in public and private international law and a bachelor's degree in law, making him a lawyer. He went on to work for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, serving as Director of the Legal and Consular Affairs Division, Director of the International Economic Relations Division and Director for the Arab Maghreb Division. He later became a career diplomat, serving as an ambassador to the United Nations, Pakistan, Arab League, Arab Magreb Union and Egypt.
Larbaoui became chief of staff of President of Algeria Abdelmadjid Tebboune in March 2023.
President Tebboune appointed Larbaoui as prime minister on 11 November 2023, replacing Aymen Benabderrahmane, who had been fired. Several observers characterized this as a desire by President Tebboune to further centralize decision-making almost a year ahead of the presidential election scheduled for December 2024.

## Private life

Larbaoui was born on 26 September 1949 in Tébessa in Algeria (during the French Rule); he is married and has two children.
# FK Kvik

Fotballklubben Kvik (FK Kvik) is a Norwegian association football club from Trondheim. To avoid confusion with the other Norwegian football club named Kvik, which was also known as FK Kvik until 1997, FK Kvik is sometimes referred to as Kvik Trondheim. The club was founded in 1900, and is the oldest football club in Trondheim.

## History

Kvik was founded in 1900. For its first fifteen years of existence, Kvik dominated regional football. In 1915, the team reached the semifinal in the Norwegian Football Cup, where it lost 0–3 to Kvik Halden. FK Kvik considers the 1920s to be its golden age. During the 1920s, Kvik played three cup quarter finals, in 1922, 1923, and 1925.
In 1947–48, Kvik participated in the first post-war season of the League of Norway (a predecessor of the Eliteserien). After this season, the league system was changed, and the number of teams at the highest level of Norwegian football decreased from 74 to 16. In this new league system, Kvik played two seasons in the Main League, 1951–52 and 1954–55.
After the 1955–56 season, Kvik found itself playing at the second highest level of Norwegian football. At this time, it competed with several other teams, including Rosenborg BK, over the status of the best football team in Trondheim. Bjørn Hansen, who would later become a professional football manager, played for Kvik during this era.
In 1968, Kvik was relegated to the third highest level. After this, Kvik has not reached its former heights. It currently plays in the Norwegian Fourth Division, the fifth highest level of Norwegian football.
Kvik had a women's football team from 1979 to 1998. Since 1981, Kvik has hosted an indoor football cup, Kvik Cup.
In the first round of the 2006 Norwegian Cup, Kvik played against its former rivals Rosenborg BK, by then one of the best football clubs in Norway. Rosenborg won the match 8–1. After the match, Rosenborg player Per Ciljan Skjelbred commented that Kvik "kept at it like heroes".
# Pete Naktenis

Peter Ernest Naktenis (June 12, 1914 – August 1, 2007) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Philadelphia Athletics (1936) and Cincinnati Reds (1939). Listed at 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m), 185 pounds (84 kg), Naktenis batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Aberdeen, Washington.
In a two-season career, Naktenis posted a 0–1 record with 19 strikeouts and a 10.72 ERA in 10 games pitched.
An alumnus of Duke University, Naktenis died in Singer Island, Florida, at the age of 93. At the time of his death, he was recognized as one of the oldest living MLB players.
# Wyee, New South Wales

Wyee (/waɪiː/ WHY-ee) is a small town in the City of Lake Macquarie local government area in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. It is near the Sydney-Newcastle Freeway and has a railway station (opened 1892) on NSW TrainLink's Central Coast & Newcastle Line. It had a population of 1,487 in 2001, which significantly increased to 2,588 in 2011, and decreased to 2,406 in 2016, but rose again in 2021 to 2,909. Parts of Wyee, particularly the area known as 'West Wyee', were originally subdivided as agricultural land. Some, including local councillors, have referred to it as a shanty town, noting that it has remained largely unchanged since World War II.
Wyee is said to be derived from an Awabakal Aboriginal term for "fire" or "place of bushfires".
The Awabakal are the traditional people of this area.
Wyee is part of the City of Lake Macquarie local government area but it lacks a connection to sewer system; there are the Hunter Water Sewage Treatment Plant and the Central Coast Council Treatment Plant in the area, in the neighbouring Central Coast region.
Wyee Colliery, when State-owned, operated here 1962–2002. It re-opened in 2004–05 as Mannering Colliery, operated by the Centennial Coal Coy.
In a part of the town west of the railway station known as West Wyee, people live in an informal settlement, without water and sewerage services. The area was subdivided in 1914 but not zoned for residential development.

## History

Wyee is located in the traditional lands of the Awabakal people and is an Aboriginal expression meaning place of bushfires.
The town takes its name from the Wyee railway station. It was originally called Norahville, after its nearest coastal village. In 1887, with the breakthrough of the Main Northern railway line it was renamed Wyee.
In 1839, philanthropist Thomas Walker granted the Wyee area of 1120 acres (4 km). He never took residence in attempts to make improvements and the grant was reverted to the Morisset Parish.
In 2021, a sewer was constructed for the town, and 400 properties were connected. Wastewater was removed by truck from Karagi Street pump station until 2023, when a link to the Dora Creek Wastewater Treatment Works was completed.
# Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway

The Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway is an important Iberian-gauge railway line in Spain. It branches from the Madrid–Valencia railway at Alcázar de San Juan and terminates in Cádiz. It was once the only line linking Madrid to Seville, but now primarily serves local commuter rail services and regional traffic since the opening of the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line in 1992.

## Route

The line serves major Spanish cities including Córdoba, Seville, Jerez de la Frontera and Cádiz; along with a small branch to Jaén at Linares-Baeza, and a second after Linares to Almería of around 250 km (160 mi). The line also branches off at Córdoba as the Córdoba–Málaga railway. In October 2015 the section of the line between Seville and to Cádiz was upgraded to high-speed standard after 14 years of works and put in service by Alvia trains for speeds up to 200 km/h.

## Services

The line is used by Cercanías Madrid's C-3 service, the C-1 and C-4 of Cercanías Sevilla and the C-1 of Cercanías Cádiz; along with numerous regional services along various stretches of the line. A Larga Distancia service runs the full distance between Madrid and Seville (although not all the way to Cádiz), taking 7 hours and 41 minutes; since the opening of the AVE high-speed rail line travel has been reduced to 2 hours and 21 minutes non-stop, freeing up the older slower line for other traffic.
# Leona Chalmers

Leona W. Chalmers was an American actress and writer who invented the first usable and available modern menstrual cup. She was also an actress and author who wrote the book The Intimate Side of a Woman’s Life.

## Biography

Born in the early 1900s, Chalmers invented the menstrual cup out of a passion for bettering women's sexual health. Chalmers created her first version of the menstrual cup in 1937, shortly after the invention of the tampon. She sought to create a reusable menstrual product to compete with the existing disposable menstrual products on the market. Her invention was originally made with vulcanized rubber, and was considered to be a more comfortable and discreet alternative to the existing menstrual cup-like option.
Chalmers set out to create a solution to menstrual products that centered around women’s comfort. Previous cup like devices were medieval and quite mechanical, like the Catamenial Sack, which was patented in the 1860s but never made it to market due to low interest from the market. What Chalmers wanted to do was create a product that was more comfortable and easier to use than existing reusable menstrual products (tampons and pads were already on the market, but are considered disposable menstrual products).
Chalmers’s product eventually went to market, but was not initially successful. Tampons and pads had been the popular menstrual product at the time, and women were comfortable and used to the mechanics of using a tampon. Learning how to use a new menstrual product wasn’t something many women were looking for at the time. Furthermore, there was a huge stigma around period blood at the time, which led to many women not wanting to insert the device and have to handle period blood in the way a cup requires one to.
Another issue Chalmers faced a rubber shortage during was World War II, this caused her to stop production of her product. During this time, Chalmers redesigned the cup, patenting an updated design in the early 1950s. Chalmers eventually sold the patent and the company that bought it struggled to make it a success, because of a restriction on marketing (the words “vagina” and “menstruation” were illegal to use at the time) and continued taboo against menstruation. The product was eventually discontinued, and new iterations were introduced in the early 1990s. The cup’s impact on society has been large, as it provides a longer lasting, sustainable alternative to disposable tampons and pads.
The menstruation cup is still in use today, and has gained a lot of popularity. Many people choose the cup due to its benefits to the environment: the purchase of one menstrual cup is equivalent to 2800 tampons! Furthermore, the cup lasts longer than tampons, allowing for 12 hour wear compared to 8 hours. Overall, the innovation Chalmers set out to create still exists today, and was a stepping stone for female created menstrual products.
# 2018 Scottish League Cup final

The 2018 Scottish League Cup final was the 73rd final of the Scottish League Cup, which took place on 2 December 2018 at Hampden Park, Glasgow. The clubs contesting the final were Celtic and Aberdeen. Celtic won the match 1–0, winning their 18th League Cup and 7th consecutive domestic trophy.

## Route to the final

As both clubs participated in European competitions, they both received a bye through the 2018–19 Scottish League Cup group stage.

### Celtic

| Round | Opposition | Score |
| Second round | Partick Thistle | 3–1 (a) |
| Quarter-final | St Johnstone | 1–0 (a) |
| Semi-final | Heart of Midlothian | 3–0 (n) |

### Aberdeen

| Round | Opposition | Score |
| Second round | St Mirren | 4–0 (h) |
| Quarter-final | Hibernian | 0–0 (6–5 p) (a) |
| Semi-final | Rangers | 1–0 (n) |

## Match
### Summary

Ryan Christie scored the only goal of the game in the fifth minute of time added on in the first half when he took down a ball on the edge of the penalty area from Dedryck Boyata, his initial shot with his right foot was saved by Joe Lewis but he followed up by shooting with his left foot to the roof of the net. Celtic were awarded a penalty in the 52nd minute for a hand-ball by Dominic Ball.
Scott Sinclair's took the penalty, which was saved by Joe Lewis diving to his right. The victory marked Brendan Rodgers seventh straight domestic trophy win with Celtic and Celtic's 18th Scottish League Cup win.

### Details

| Celtic | Aberdeen |
| GK | 29 | Scott Bain | |
| RB | 23 | Mikael Lustig (c) | |
| CB | 20 | Dedryck Boyata | 61' |
| CB | 32 | Filip Benković | |
| LB | 63 | Kieran Tierney | |
| CM | 18 | Tom Rogic 59' | 64' |
| CM | 42 | Callum McGregor | |
| CM | 17 | Ryan Christie 50' | |
| AM | 49 | James Forrest 24' | 86' |
| AM | 11 | Scott Sinclair | |
| FW | 22 | Odsonne Édouard | |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 1 | Craig Gordon | |
| DF | 5 | Jozo Šimunović | 61' |
| MF | 8 | Scott Brown | 64' |
| FW | 9 | Leigh Griffiths | |
| DF | 12 | Cristian Gamboa | |
| MF | 15 | Jonny Hayes | |
| MF | 21 | Olivier Ntcham | 86' |
| Manager: ||
| Brendan Rodgers ||
| GK | 1 | Joe Lewis | |
| RB | 2 | Shay Logan 68' | |
| CB | 5 | Scott McKenna | |
| CB | 4 | Andrew Considine | |
| LB | 29 | Max Lowe | |
| CM | 21 | Dominic Ball 60' | |
| CM | 3 | Graeme Shinnie (c) | |
| AM | 10 | Niall McGinn | 70' |
| AM | 19 | Lewis Ferguson 78' | |
| AM | 11 | Gary Mackay-Steven | 45+2' |
| FW | 16 | Sam Cosgrove 78' | 79' |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 20 | Tomáš Černý | |
| MF | 8 | Stephen Gleeson | |
| FW | 9 | James Wilson | 70' |
| FW | 15 | Scott Wright | |
| FW | 17 | Stevie May | |
| FW | 25 | Bruce Anderson | 79' |
| FW | 27 | Connor McLennan | 45+2' |
| Manager: ||
| Derek McInnes ||
| Match officials Referee: Andrew Dallas | Match rules 90 minutes 30 minutes of extra-time if necessary Penalty shoot-out if scores still level Seven named substitutes Maximum of three substitutions |
# Emmett Nelson

George Emmett Nelson (February 26, 1905 – August 25, 1967) nicknamed "Ramrod", was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He made 25 appearances, including eight starts, for the Cincinnati Reds during the 1935 and 1936 seasons.
# EMD MP15AC

The EMD MP15AC is a 1,500 hp (1,120 kW) diesel road switcher locomotive built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division between August 1975 and August 1984. A variant of the EMD MP15DC with an AC/DC transmission, 246 examples were built, including 25 for export to Mexico, and four built in Canada.

## Development

The MP15DC's standard Blomberg B trucks were capable of transition and road speeds up to 60 mph (97 km/h), allowing use on road freights. Soon there was a demand for a model with an advanced AC drive system. The MP15AC replaced the MP15DC's DC generator with an alternator producing AC power which is converted to DC for the traction motors with a silicon rectifier. The MP15AC is 1.5 ft (457 mm) longer than an MP15DC, the extra space being needed for the rectifier equipment. The alternator-rectifier combination is more reliable than a generator, and this equipment became the standard for new diesel-electric locomotive designs.
The MP15AC is easily distinguished from the DC models. Instead of the front-mounted radiator intake and belt-driven fan used on all previous EMD switchers, these have intakes on the lower forward nose sides and electric fans. Side intakes allowed the unit to take in cooler air, and the electric fans improved a serious reliability issue found in its earlier DC sisters.

## Engine

The MP15 used a roots-blown 12-cylinder 645E engine. The engine is rated at 1,500 hp (1,120 kW). The 645 series, introduced in 1966, was EMD's standard engine through the 1980s.

## Original owners

The six largest buyers, Milwaukee (64), Southern Pacific (58), Seaboard Coast Line Railroad (45), Nacionales de México (25), Long Island (23), and Louisville & Nashville (10), were all buying road locomotives with AR10 alternators throughout the 1970s, so the similarly equipped MP15AC was easily kept in good repair. 36 more units were sold to 8 other customers.
# Barcelona–Cerbère railway

The Barcelona–Cerbère railway is a 168-kilometre (104.39 mi) railway line linking Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain to Cerbère in France. It is served by the Rodalies de Catalunya commuter network, Renfe regional, MD, AVE, Avlo and Avant train services, and TGV trains. The line stars at Barcelona Sants railway station, and passes through the Catalan regional cities of Girona and Figueres before reaching the French border, and then Cerbère, just across the border. It is an important commuter and High Speed line, connecting Paris, Montpellier and Perpinyà to Spain.

## History

It was built between 1858 and 1878 and electrified between 1981 and 1982 . It used to start at the Estació de França in Barcelona, but now starts at the Sants station.

## Major Stations Along The Railway

Barcelona Sants railway station
Plaça De Catalunya railway station
Arc De Triomf Railway Station
El Clot-Aragó Railway Station
Sant Andreu Comtal Railway Station
Granollers Centre Railway Station
Girona Railway Station
Figueres Railway Station
Portbou Railway Station
Cerbère station

## Gallery

* Barcelona Estació de França
* Freight train on the line
* Regional train
* Estrella
* Portbou railway station
* Locomotive 252.075 with the Catalan Talgo.
* A Civia 465+463 near Mollet - Sant Fost train station (Catalonia).
* RENFE Class 449 in Montcada i Reixac train station.