OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# British Rail Class 21 (MaK)

The second use of the TOPS classification Class 21 for locomotives used on the British railway network came through the use of a number of related diesel-hydraulic and diesel-electric locomotives procured following the opening of the Channel Tunnel. The total of 16 locomotives were obtained by two separate operators, with some used for freight, and others to propel service trains and as "Thunderbird" locomotives.

## History

In the early 1980s, Maschinenbau Kiel introduced its MaK DE 1002 design of diesel-electric locomotive, which was chosen by Nederlandse Spoorwegen as the basis of its Class 6400 freight locomotive. In 1991, Eurotunnel procured five similar locomotives as its Class 0001, for use both to operate service trains through the Channel Tunnel and as rescue locomotives.
In 2005, Euro Cargo Rail (ECR) was formed as a freight operator in France by English, Welsh and Scottish Railway (EWS). Its initial operations were carried out by a quartet of Vossloh G1206 diesel-hydraulic locomotives. Although these locomotives were intended for use in France, maintenance was planned to be carried out at EWS's depot at Dollands Moor, close to the Eurotunnel terminal at Cheriton. Because the locomotives would be operating on railways in Great Britain, they were allocated numbers in the TOPS system as Class 21. Two similar G1000 locomotives were procured in 2007.
In 2009, Eurotunnel's five locomotives were used extensively for rescue operations following severe snow. As a consequence, the company identified a need to have greater availability of these units, and so procured a pair of Class 6400 locomotives from DB Schenker Nederland in November 2010. At the same time, Eurotunnel registered its locomotives on TOPS - the superficial similarity to the ECR locomotives led to the Eurotunnel units also being assigned as Class 21. Eurotunnel acquired a further three secondhand units from the Netherlands in 2016.

## Fleet details

| Class | Operator | No. Built | Year built | TOPS Number Range | Other numbers | Type | Notes |
| 21/5 | Euro Cargo Rail | 4 | 2005-06 | 21544 - 21547 | FB1544 - FB1547 | G1206 | 21544 - 21545 off TOPS registration |
| 21/6 | Euro Cargo Rail | 2 | 2005-06 | 21610 - 21611 | FB1610 - FB1611 | G1000 | |
| 21/9 | Getlink | 10 | 1990-92 | 21901 - 21905 | 0001 - 0005 | DE1004 | Original Eurotunnel locomotives |
| 21/9 | Getlink | 10 | 1990-92 | 21906 - 21907 | NS6456 - NS6457 | DE6400 | Purchased from DB in 2010 |
| 21/9 | Getlink | 10 | 1990-92 | 21906 - 21907 | 0006 - 0007 | DE6400 | Purchased from DB in 2010 |
| 21/9 | Getlink | 10 | 1990-92 | 21908 - 21910 | NS6450 - NS6451 NS6447 | DE6400 | Purchased from DB in 2016 |
| 21/9 | Getlink | 10 | 1990-92 | 21908 - 21910 | 0008 - 0010 | DE6400 | Purchased from DB in 2016 |
# Jacobin Club of Mysore

The Jacobin Club of Mysore was an alleged branch of the French Jacobin Club founded in 1794 by Frenchmen in the Kingdom of Mysore. It was purportedly supported by the ruler of Mysore, Tipu Sultan, who supposedly declared himself "Citizen Tippo" and planted a liberty tree in support of the club's efforts.

## History

In 1794, Frenchmen in the Kingdom of Mysore allegedly founded the "Jacobin Club of Mysore". When they sent a delegation to Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore, he responded by launching 500 Mysore rockets as part of the gun salute which welcomed them. Francis Ripauld was elected President-Citizen of the club, whose members declared their hatred for all kings except Tipu and loyalty to the French First Republic. During the subsequent Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, British forces captured French volunteers led by François Ripaud who were serving under Mysorean command in Hyderabad. In a 2005 paper, French historian Jean Boutier argued that the club's existence was fabricated by senior officials of the East India Company to justify their war against Mysore.
# List of trade unions in Russia

This a list of trade unions in Russia.

## Active trade unions

* Alliance of Doctors
* Artists Trade Union of Russia
* Kontinental Hockey League Players' Trade Union

## Defunct trade unions

* All-Russian Teachers' Union, 1890s - 1918
* All-Russian Metalworkers Union
* Russian Theatrical Society
* Vikzhel

## Trade union groupings

* Confederation of Labour of Russia, formed in 1995, affiliated with the ITUC.
* Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia, formed in 1990, successor to the Soviet era trade unions system, affiliated with the ITUC until 2022 and the General Confederation of Trade Unions.
* Sotsprof [ru], formed in 1989
* Union of Trade Unions of Russia [ru], formed in 2010, affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)

### Defunct trade unions groupings

* All-Russian Confederation of Labour, formed in 1995, affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) and the General Confederation of Trade Unions. Ceased to exist after unification with the Confederation of Labor of Russia in 2010.
* National Union of Russian Trade Unions, the center of nationalist trade unions, which operated in the 1990s.
* Russian Confederation of Free Trade Unions
# Acacia trinervata

Acacia trinervata commonly known as three-veined wattle, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and the subgenus Phyllodineae. It is a tall shrub with angular branchlets, bright yellow flowers and grows in New South Wales.

## Description

Acacia trinervata is an erect or spreading shrub growing to a height of 1.5–3 m (4.9–9.8 ft). Its branchlets are smooth and angle towards the apex. The phyllodes are very narrowly elliptic to linear with a pointed sharp tip, 1.5–5 cm (0.59–1.97 in) long, 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) wide and 2 or 3 prominent longitudinal veins. There is an inconspicuous gland 0–3 mm above the base, and the pulvinus is less than 1 mm long. The inflorescences are simple, occurring singly in the phyllode axils on peduncles about 10–20 mm long. The 20 to 30 bright yellow flowers are 5 to 7.5 mm in diameter. Flowering occurs from March to June and the fruit is a papery to thinly leathery pod, slightly swollen above the seed, minutely hairy, 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in) long and 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) wide.

## Distribution

Three-veined wattle grows in open forest on sandstone and shale and is endemic to New South Wales and restricted to western Sydney and the lower Blue Mountains.

## Taxonomy and naming

The species was first described in 1825 by Franz Sieber, and the specific epithet trinervata derives from the Latin for "three veined".
# Nicușor Fota

Nicușor Fota (born 1 December 1996) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a full-back for Liga II club CSM Reșița.

## Honours

Rapid București
* Liga II: 2015–16
CSM Reșița
* Liga III: 2021–22, 2022–23
# Iain McHardy

Iain William Thomson Duff McHardy (31 October 1913 – 21 January 2000), was an eminent Anglican priest in the second half of the 20th century. He was born in 1913, educated at the University of St Andrews and ordained in 1938. He held curacies at South Kirkby, Dunblane and then Cantley until 1952. He was Priest in Charge at St Ninian, Inverness from then until 1974 when he became Rector of St Andrew, Fortrose. He was Dean of Moray, Ross and Caithness from 1977 until 1980. He died on 21 January 2000.
# Farakka Setu

The Farakka Setu or New Farakka Bridge is an under construction road bridge spanning the Ganga river, 500 meters downstream of the Farakka Barrage. Once completed, the bridge aims to alleviate traffic congestion on the Farakka Barrage and enhance connectivity between North Bengal and South Bengal. Upon completion, the bridge, including its approach roads, will span an impressive 5.468 km (3.398 mi), making it the longest bridge in West Bengal over water. Initially estimated at ₹521 crore (US$60 million), the total construction cost has since been revised to ₹622.04 crore (US$72 million). Construction began in January 2019, RKEC Projects is working on the construction of the bridge in conjunction with Qingdao Construction Engineering to bring the bridge to life.

## History
### Project Approval

In October 2016, India's Union Council of Ministers passed a bill for the construction of the bridge. At the beginning of 2018, construction work was given to a foreign company.

### Construction

On January 1 2019, RKEC Projects began construction. Work began on the north bank of the Ganges from Lakshmipur in the Malda district and Farakka in the Murshidabad district on the south bank. Two separate roads cross the 4 lane bridge, each 12.5 meters wide.

## Accident

On February 16, 2020, while construction of a girder was underway between Pillars 1 and 2, the girder broke, causing 2 fatalities and 7 injuries.
# Oberon Tarana Heritage Railway

The Oberon Tarana Heritage Railway inc (OTHR) is a volunteer association aiming to reopen the Oberon to Tarana railway line in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, and run heritage trains.

## The line

The Oberon railway line is a 24-kilometre disused branch railway, which junctions with the Main Western line at Tarana and heads in a southerly direction to the town of Oberon. Opened on 3 October 1923, the line was lightly constructed, and included steep grades (1 in 25 or 4 %) and tight curves. It was operated by lightweight locomotives, mainly 19 class steam locomotives, and then 49 class diesels. It transported local seasonal vegetables, timber and livestock. Passenger services ceased in 1971, and freight services in 1979, with the line effectively closing then.

### Restoration

The restoration of the line is being undertaken in three stages, per the Railway's 15-year plan from 2020 to 2035:
* Stage 1: Oberon to Hazelgrove
* Stage 2: Hazelgrove to Carlwood
* Stage 3: Carlwood to Tarana

## Rolling stock

In May 2010, end platform carriages CBA850 and HLF854 were acquired on loan from the New South Wales Rail Transport Museum, as well as railmotor CPH13 from the Canberra Railway Museum. In May 2010, locomotives 7307 and 7321 were purchased from Patrick Portlink.
# Cătălin Ion

Cătălin Andrei Ion (born 13 November 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a defender.
# Mahamat Ali Adoum

Mahamat Ali Adoum (born 14 November 1947) born in Bahr el ghazal he is a Chadian politician and diplomat who served in the government Ambassador to Canada since 2014.

## Life and career

Adoum was Chad's Ambassador to the United States, Canada and Argentina from 1983 to 1992. He was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs on May 22, 1992, serving until July 1993. During this time, he was a co-agent representing the Chadian government at the International Court of Justice in 1993 regarding his country's territorial dispute with Libya. In April 1994, Adoum joined the World Bank as Senior Advisor to the Executive Director for African French-speaking countries, and he remained at the World Bank until 2003. He was later appointed as Permanent Representative of Chad to the United Nations, presenting his credentials to the UN Secretary-General on February 15, 2005. He served until 2013 when he was replaced by Cherif Mahamat Zene.
He has also represented Chad in Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, United Kingdom and the European Community.
In May 2014, Adoum was appointed as Ambassador to Canada.

## Education

Adoum received a diploma in education from Université de Brazzaville, a bachelor's degree in political science from Université Laval in Quebec City, and his master's degree from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.
# Mainprise

Mainprise is a concept in English law regarding releasing a prisoner from custody upon sureties pending trial. It is nearly identical to the idea of bail and has been absorbed into the laws regulating bail in many jurisdictions. When they were distinguished, bail was not restricted in the type of surety upon which a prisoner could be released, while mainprise always involved a specified sum of money. A prisoner released on bail was still technically in custody and could be re-seized, while one delivered on mainprise was no longer in custody and could not have suits brought against him as though he were.
# Siege of Kakegawa

The 1569 siege of Kakegawa was one of many battles fought by Tokugawa Ieyasu campaign at Suruga province and Tōtōmi Province against Imagawa clan during Japan's Sengoku period.
Imagawa Ujizane, the son of the late Imagawa Yoshimoto, held Kakegawa castle at the time that it was besieged by Hattori Hanzō under the command of Tokugawa Ieyasu. After a five month siege, negotiations began, and Ujizane agreed to surrender the castle in return for the support of Ieyasu in regaining his former territory in Suruga province.
# Attempto Racing

Attempto Racing is a German racing team founded in 2005 by Arkin Aka. It has competed in various championships such as Porsche Supercup, Porsche Carrera Cup Germany, ADAC GT Masters, DTM and the GT World Challenge Europe.

## History

Founded by Arkin Aka in 2005, Attempto Racing began racing lower-rank Porsche competitions before settling in Porsche Carrera Cup. The team notably won both the Porsche Supercup and Porsche Carrera Cup Germany in 2013, with Nicki Thiim and Kévin Estre respectively. In 2015, Attempto entered the GT3 scene with McLaren and Porsche in the Blancpain GT Series. Full campaigns with Porsche and Lamborghini followed, before the team inked a deal with Audi to field the R8 LMS from 2018 onwards. The partnership bore fruit immediately, as Kelvin van der Linde and Steijn Schothorst won on debut at Zolder.
In late 2019, Attempto achieved a one-two finish at the Gulf 12 Hours, before securing a historic podium at the flagship Spa 24 Hours the following year. In 2023, in collaboration with Tresor Competition and Orange1, the team expanded to three cars and won its first major title, the GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup, with Ricardo Feller and Mattia Drudi. It also competed in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2022 and 2023.
# Passy Cemetery

Passy Cemetery (French: Cimetière de Passy) is a small cemetery in Passy, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France.

## History

The current cemetery replaced the old cemetery (l'ancien cimetière communal de Passy, located on Rue Lekain), which was closed in 1802.
In the early 19th century, on the orders of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, all the cemeteries in Paris were replaced by several large new ones outside the precincts of the capital. Montmartre Cemetery was built in the north, Père Lachaise Cemetery in the east, and Montparnasse Cemetery in the south. Passy Cemetery was a later addition, but has its origins in the same edict.
The current entrance (designed by René Berger) was built in 1934. The retaining wall of the cemetery is adorned with a bas relief (by Louis Janthial) commemorating the soldiers who fell in World War I.
# Elliot Hubbard

Elliot Hubbard (born 19 September 1973) is a Bermudian former cyclist. He competed in the men's individual road race at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Sumpter Smith Air National Guard Base

Sumpter Smith Joint National Guard Base (IATA: BHM, ICAO: KBHM, FAA LID: BHM) is a United States Air Force (USAF) installation located at a Birmingham, Alabama in the United States. It hosts the 117th Air Refueling Wing, part of the Air National Guard, which operates the KC-135R Stratotanker. The base was previously known as Alabama Air National Guard Base.

## History

The base is named after United States Army Air Forces Colonel Walter Sumpter Smith who was born on 12 February 1896 in Belle Ellen, Alabama and became an electrical engineer and a pilot. In 1921, Smith was appointed to the 106th Observation Squadron of the Alabama National Guard and commissioned as a first lieutenant at Roberts Field in Birmingham, Alabama. He reached the rank of lieutenant colonel on August 12, 1932 and colonel in 1942.
In 1934, the facilities at Roberts Field became less adequate and the local government decided to build a new facility which became Birmingham Municipal Airport. In 1938, after four years of construction, the 106th Observation Squadron moved to the new base.
As a testimony to Smith’s role in the development and construction, the base was eventually named Sumpter Smith Joint National Guard Base. It remained that way until sometime during the early 1990s when the name evolved to the Alabama Air National Guard Base, Birmingham, Alabama. It’s not really clear why the name changed and no official documents have been found. A push was made to restore the name of the base to Sumpter Smith Air National Guard Base and was made official during the summer of 2017.

## Based units

Flying and notable non-flying units based at Sumpter Smith Joint National Guard Base.
Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Sumpter Smith, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.

### United States Air Force

Air National Guard
* Alabama Air National Guard
** 117th Air Refueling Wing (Host Wing)
*** 117th Operations Group
**** 106th Air Refueling Squadron – KC-135R Stratotanker
*** 117th Maintenance Group
*** 117th Medical Group
*** 117th Mission Support Group
Air Mobility Command
* Eighteenth Air Force
** 6th Air Refueling Wing
*** 6th Operations Group
**** 99th Air Refueling Squadron (GSU) – KC-135R Stratotanker
# Thomas Cawley

Fr. Thomas Cawley (11 October 1878 – 6 May 1949) was an Irish priest, writer and playwright.
Born in Craughwell, County Galway, to Patrick Cawley and Julia Carr, he was ordained on 23 June 1907. In his student days he collected folklore, published in Iris Leabhar Manuat under the pen-name Killura (the old name of Craughwell). There is a strong belief in the Cawley family that he collected Raftery's poems and gave them to Douglas Hyde. He was involved in the Killeeneen Feis as secretary, and thus knew Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn, W. B. Yeats, and were jointly responsible for erecting a headstone over the grave of Raftery. The Cawley family of Craughwell possess an oil portrait of him. He was the granduncle of Rev. Martin Coen.
# Rosevelt Colvin

Rosevelt Colvin, III (born September 5, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers and was selected by the Chicago Bears in the fourth round of the 1999 NFL draft.
Colvin played for the Bears between 1999 and 2002. He has earned two Super Bowl rings with the New England Patriots and was also a member of the Houston Texans. After his playing career, he became a football analyst for the Big Ten Network.

## Early life

Colvin attended Broad Ripple High School in Indianapolis. He earned Second Team All-State honors as a junior, and recorded a school-record 219 tackles as a senior. In that final season at Broad Ripple, Colvin earned honors as an All-Marion County Player, the Indianapolis News Defensive Player of the Year, an All-Metro Player, and was a First Team All-State selection. He also played basketball in high school.
While at Purdue, Colvin was selected to the All-Big Ten teams in 1997 and 1998. The Boilermakers went 18–7 in his final two seasons in West Lafayette.

## Professional career
### Chicago Bears

Colvin was selected by the Chicago Bears in the fourth round of the 1999 NFL draft. He became the first Bear to post double-digit sacks in consecutive years, 2001–2002, since Richard Dent.
Colvin was named to the Bears' All-Decade Defense team along with fellow linebackers Brian Urlacher and Lance Briggs.

### New England Patriots (first stint)

After playing for the Bears, Colvin was signed by the New England Patriots in 2003. Early in his first season with New England, Colvin suffered a shattered socket in his left hip. It took Colvin a year to recover, while the Patriots won back-to-back Super Bowls. Colvin did not start again until 2005, and in 2006, he was a full-time starter at outside linebacker for the Patriots. He was placed on injured reserve by the Patriots on November 27, 2007.
On February 26, 2008, the Patriots released Colvin after he failed a physical with the team. He had one year left on his contract with a $5.5 million base salary.

### Houston Texans

On June 16, 2008, Colvin signed with the Houston Texans. On August 29, 2008, the Texans released Colvin during final roster cuts.

### New England Patriots (second stint)

Colvin was re-signed by the New England Patriots on December 3, 2008, after cornerback Jason Webster was placed on injured reserve.

## Personal life

As a teenager, he worked at a concession stand in the RCA Dome in Indianapolis.
Colvin and his wife Tiffany reside in Indianapolis. They have four children: Xavier, Nijah, Raven, and Myles. His daughter Raven, plays volleyball for Purdue and his son Myles, plays basketball for Purdue. Colvin owns five UPS stores in the area, as well as a cupcake shop called "SweeTies Gourmet Treats" with two locations.
# Bedminster Down

Bedminster Down is a suburban neighbourhood of Bristol, England, built largely in the 1930s. It extends from Bedminster to Ashton, Bishopsworth, Highridge and Uplands, and is a largely residential area. Bedminster Down is a middle-class area and some of the area is built over disused coal mines.
The Parish Church, built in 1927, is dedicated to St Oswald. The Methodist church in the area shut down in August 2008. The Methodist church consisted of two buildings, the main chapel and a church hall. The main chapel is currently in use as a community arts centre.
# Bavarian E I

The Bavarian Class E I steam locomotives operated by the Royal Bavarian State Railways encompassed four different variants of saturated steam, goods train locomotive with a 2-8-0 wheel arrangement.

## Standard variant, older type

The first series of E I's was built by Krauss in 12 examples. The cylinders were positioned in front of the carrying axle and drove the first coupled axle. The carrying and driving axles were linked together in a Krauss-Helmholtz bogie. In addition the outside Walschaerts (Heusinger) valve gear had very short connecting rods on the engines delivered to Bavaria.
The vehicles were coupled with Bavarian Class bay 2'2' T 18 tenders. Later they were equipped with Class 3 T 12.3 tenders from the Bavarian B XI's.

## Sondermann Variant

The second E I series delivered to the Royal Bavarian State Railways was the Sondermann Variant built from 1896. It had two overlapping cylinders that formed a combined double slide valve (Doppelschieber). The carrying axle and the first driving axle were housed in a Krauss-Helmholtz bogie. The advantage of this locomotive variant was that the double cylinder was very short as a result of the tandem construction. Nevertheless, the engine did not perform especially well, so that the two units were converted into locomotives with a conventional cylinder arrangement.

## Standard variant, newer type

The third series of the E I locomotive was the final version of this particular class. A total of 48 vehicles were made and 42 were taken over by the Reichsbahn with the numbers 56 312 - 56 353. It was the same as the Sondermann variant after the conversion of the latter. These locomotives could haul a train of 820 tons at a speed of 50 km/h and even attained a speed of 40 km/h with a 1,390 ton train. On a line with a 0.5% incline they could manage an 845-ton train at 25 km/h.

## Vauclain Variant

The Class E I locomotives built for the Royal Bavarian State Railways by the Baldwin were goods train steam locomotives imported from the United States for testing purposes.
The two machines were the first in Germany to have a bar frame, which had been standard in the USA virtually from the beginning and which had been developed from the wooden beam frames of the early locomotives.
Like the two S 2/5 express train locomotives also imported from Baldwin a year later these engines were equipped with a four-cylinder Vauclain compound engine, on which the high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders were located directly one above the other and worked on the same connecting rods. Apart from the bar frame, this type of drive did not catch on in Bavaria.
The locomotives were equipped with Bavarian 2'2' T 18,1 tenders.