# D1 motorway (Slovakia)

D1 motorway is an east-west motorway (Slovak: Diaľnica D1) in Slovakia. The D1 motorway is the oldest, longest and busiest motorway in Slovakia, which is connects Bratislava with Trnava, Trenčín, Žilina, Martin, Poprad, Prešov, Košice to the Slovak-Ukrainian border (border crossing with Uzhhorod), where it is connected to the Ukrainian road M08.
It is part of the European roads E50, E58, E75, E442, E571 and of the V.A Pan-European corridor (Trieste) - Bratislava - Žilina - Košice - Uzhhorod - Lviv. With the exception of sections in Bratislava, a vignette is required to use the motorway.
The motorway has been under construction since 1972 and by 2023, 395.9 km of the total planned length of 512.4 km were operational. Despite the various completion dates set in the past (1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 or 2013), the full length will not be passable until 2040 at the earliest. The construction of the motorway is particularly challenging in the hilly terrain between Žilina and Ružomberok.

## Chronology

The first plans to connect Prague to Slovakia and Mukachevo in today's Zakarpattia Oblast in Ukraine, which was part of Czechoslovakia at that time, were in the 1930s. The construction of the motorway (freeway) began in the Czech part in the late 1930s, but in the Slovak part nothing was built. After the end of World War II, highway construction was abandoned, due to post-war reconstruction. But in the 1960s, traffic was growing very fast, and a new plan for a D1 highway was available soon, without the part in Zakarpattia Oblast, which became part of the USSR in 1945..
Construction began in 1973, by building the Ivachnová - Liptovský Mikuláš section, a 15-kilometre-long (9.3 mi) segment in northern Slovakia. Construction on this section finished in December 1977 and costed CZK 241.3 million. In 1976, 6.4-kilometre-long (4.0 mi) section created the southern bypass of Liptovský Mikuláš. The total cost of the construction amounted to CZK 368 million. The section between Liptovský Ján and Liptovský Hrádek with a length of 5.1-kilometre-long (3.2 mi) kilometres was under construction from April 1975 to December 1983 and had once the longest road bridge in Slovakia - the 1,035-metre-long Podtureň Viaduct.
Between 1978 and 1982, a 15.9-kilometre-long (9.9 mi) section was constructed between Trnava and Hlohovec. June 1980 saw the beginning of construction in a new 17.7-kilometre-long (11.0 mi) section between Hlohovec and Piešťany which was put into operation in 1985.
A 14-kilometre-long (8.7 mi) section between Horná Streda - Nové Mesto nad Váhom opened in half-profile as a D61 in 1998, and was finished as the motorway D1 in full profile in 2000. A 15.3-kilometre-long (9.5 mi) section between Nové Mesto nad Váhom - Chocholná also opened in half-profile as a D61 in 1998, and was subsequently finished as the D1 in full profile in 2000.
The 3.2-kilometre-long (2.0 mi) section of motorway in Bratislava did not begin until 20 March 2003. The construction was handed over for early use on 4 December 2005, while the gradual finishing works on the footbridges continued until June 2006. The total construction costs amounted to 1.908 billion CZK.
The section between Hričovské Podhradie - Lietavská Lúčka forms the first part of the southern bypass of Žilina and includes the Ovčiarsko and Žilina tunnels. The construction of the section began with the excavation of the exploratory tunnel of the Ovčiarsko tunnel back in 1996. After the completion of the exploratory tunnel, further construction of the section was postponed. Construction work has continued only since 2014. The contractual completion date was January 2018. This deadline could not be met and the section was not handed over for use until 29 January 2021. This section was financed through the European Union budget.
Section at Prešov was opened in late 2021. That also includes the Prešov tunnel with 2240 meters of length.

### Future developments

The construction of the sections Hubová - Ivachnová (Ružomberok bypass), which should be completed in 2025, and Lietavská Lúčka - Dubná Skala with the Višňové tunnel (Žilina bypass), which, after delays, should be completed in 2026, is currently underway, with €125 million allocated from the European Union for the Hubová - Ivachnová section.
The construction of the Turany - Hubová section, which will be the last missing section on the Bratislava - Košice route, has not yet started, as after decades of planning no single route option has been selected. The commissioning of the motorway along the entire length of the route cannot be expected before 2040 in view of the current intentions of the Ministry of Transport.

## Route description

| Country | Region | Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 0 | 0.0 | — | Bratislava-Pečňa | D2 E75 | Kilometrage starting point |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 1 | 0.62 | — | Bratislava-Incheba | I/2 I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 4 | 2.5 | — | Bratislava-Petržalka-Ovsište | I/2 I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 6 | 3.7 | — | Bratislava-Nivy | R7 E575 I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 8 | 5.0 | — | Bratislava-Ružinov | I/63 | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 10 | 6.2 | — | Bratislava-Trnávka | | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 11 | 6.8 | — | Bratislava-Letisko | | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 13 | 8.1 | — | Bratislava-Zlaté Piesky | I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | | | Rest area | Zlaté Piesky | | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 14 | 8.7 | — | Bratislava-Vajnory | I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 15 | 9.3 | — | Bratislava-východ | D4 | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 18 | 11 | — | Bernolákovo | | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 27 | 17 | — | Senec | | |
| Slovakia | Bratislava Region | Bratislava Region | 30 | 19 | — | Senec-východ | I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Trnava Region | Trnava Region | 44 | 27 | — | Voderady | | |
| Slovakia | Trnava Region | Trnava Region | 50 | 31 | — | Trnava | R1 E58 E571 | |
| Slovakia | Trnava Region | Trnava Region | 66 | 41 | — | Hlohovec | | |
| Slovakia | Trnava Region | Trnava Region | 68 | 42 | — | Madunice | I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Trnava Region | Trnava Region | 83 | 52 | — | Piešťany | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 91 | 57 | — | Horná Streda | I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 95 | 59 | — | Luka | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 106 | 66 | — | Nové Mesto nad Váhom | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 119 | 74 | — | Trenčín-juh | I/9 E50 E572 | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 119 | 74 | — | Trenčín-juh | R2 | Connection with R2 proposed |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 124 | 77 | — | Trenčín-západ | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | | | Rest area | Zamarovce | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 138 | 86 | — | Dubnica nad Váhom | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 145 | 90 | — | Ilava | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 153 | 95 | — | Ladce | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 157 | 98 | — | Púchov-juh | R6 | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | | | Rest area | Sverepec | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 165 | 103 | — | Považská Bystrica-juh | I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 169 | 105 | — | Považská Bystrica-centrum | | |
| Slovakia | Trenčín Region | Trenčín Region | 174 | 108 | — | Považská Bystrica-sever | I/61 | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 183 | 114 | — | Bytča | | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 188 | 117 | — | Žilina (Hričovské Podhradie) | D3 E50 E75 | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 199 | 124 | — | Žilina-juh | | Temporary end |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 212 | 132 | — | Dubná Skala, Vrútky | I/18 E50 | Temporary start |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 218 | 135 | — | Martin | R3 | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 229 | 142 | — | Turany | | Temporary end |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 242 | 150 | — | Ružomberok-západ | I/18 | In construction |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 242 | 150 | — | Likavka | R3 | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 249 | 155 | — | Ružomberok-sever | I/59 E77 | In construction |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 251 | 156 | — | Ivachnová | R1 | In construction |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | | | Rest area | Ivachnová | | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 259 | 161 | — | Ivachnová | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 272 | 169 | — | Liptovský Mikuláš | | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 277 | 172 | — | Závažná Poruba | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 279 | 173 | — | Liptovský Ján | | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 284 | 176 | — | Liptovský Hrádok | | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | | | Rest area | Hybe | | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 292 | 181 | — | Hybe | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 297 | 185 | — | Východná | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | 303 | 188 | — | Važec | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Žilina Region | Žilina Region | | | Rest area | Štrba | | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 310 | 190 | — | Štrba | | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 315 | 196 | — | Mengusovce (Svit) | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 322 | 200 | — | Poprad-západ | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 325 | 202 | — | Vysoké Tatry | | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 329 | 204 | — | Poprad-východ | I/67 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 341 | 212 | — | Spišský Štvrtok | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 350 | 220 | — | Levoča | | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | | | Rest area | Levoča | | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 360 | 220 | — | Spišské Podhradie | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 368 | 229 | — | Beharovce | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 379 | 235 | — | Široké | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 382 | 237 | — | Fričovce | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 393 | 244 | — | Svinia | I/18 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | | | Rest area | Malý Šariš | | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 400 | 250 | — | Prešov-západ | R4 E371 | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 407 | 253 | — | Prešov-juh | | |
| Slovakia | Prešov Region | Prešov Region | 418 | 260 | — | Lemešany | | |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 422 | 262 | — | Nová polhora | I/20 | |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | | | Rest area | Janovík | | |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 427 | 265 | — | Košice-sever | I/20 | |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 433 | 269 | — | Košické Oľšany | R4 E58 E71 | |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 441 | 274 | — | Bidovce | I/19 | Temporary end |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 459 | 285 | — | Dargov | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 462 | 287 | — | Dvorianky | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 472 | 293 | — | Pozdišovce | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | | | Rest area | Pozdišovce | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 475 | 295 | — | Michalovce-západ | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 483 | 300 | — | Michalovce-východ | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 496 | 308 | — | Sobrance | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | | | Rest area | Jenkovce | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 510 | 320 | — | Záhor | | Proposed |
| Slovakia | Košice Region | Košice Region | 511 | 318 | Slovakia-Ukraine border | Záhor-Storožnica border crossing | M 08 E50 | Proposed Border with Ukraine; road continues as Ukrainian M08. |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Proposed Route transition Unopened |||||||||

## Bridges and viaducts

This is a list of bridges and viaducts as seen when moving from west to east:
| Location | Length (m) | Notes |
| Ovsište | 0,567 |
| Prístavný most | 1,080 |
| Prievoz | 1,756 |
| Horná Streda | 0,772 |
| Beckov | 0,336 |
| Drietoma | 0,238 |
| Súčanka | 0,404 / 486 |
| Újazd | 0,486 / 490 |
| Kočkovský kanál | 0,187 |
| Nosický kanál | 0,227 |
| Ladce | 0,189 / 186 |
| Pružinka | 0,902 |
| Sverepec I | 0,443 / 480 |
| Sverepec II | 0,315 / 310 |
| Kunovec | | open July 2010 |
| Galanovec | | open July 2010 |
| Matúška | | open July 2010 |
| Považská Bystrica | 1,444 | open 30 May 2010 |
| Hričovský kanál | 1,695 | July 2010 |
| Vrtižer | | open July 2010 |
| Plevník-Drienové | | |
| Predmier | | 2 lanes |
| Dolný Hričov | 1,804 | planned; open 2012? |
| Lietavská Lúčka | 1,091 | planned; open 2012? |
| Dubná Skala | | planned |
| Turčianské Kľačany | 0,422 | planned |
| Turany | | planned |
| Krpeľany | | planned |
| Kraľovany | | planned |
| Stankovany | | planned |
| Hubová I | | planned |
| Hubová II | | planned |
| Lisková | | planned |
| Podtureň | 1,038 |
| Jamníček | 0,179 |
| Belá | 0,308 |
| Dovalovec | 0,534 |
| Hybica | 0,571 / 565 |
| Východná | 0,380 |
| Jánošiková studnička | 0,381 |
| Belianský potok | 0,347 |
| Čierny jarok | 0,184 |
| Važec | 0,638 | open 2007? |
| Štrba | 600 | open 2007? |
| Pod Skalkou | | open 2008 |
| Levoča | | planned |
| Spišský Hrhov | | planned |
| Beharovce | 0,225 | 2 lanes |
| Studenec | 0,102 | 2 lanes |
| Pongrácovce | 0,343 | 2 lanes |
| Fričovce | 0,407 |
| Malá Svinka | 0,255 | open 2008 |
| Malý Šariš | 0,494 | open 2008 |

## Tunnels

The twelfth Dargov tunnel is planned east of Košice and construction will start after 2030 at the earliest. Only four of these twelve tunnels are currently in operation - Branisko Tunnel (4,975 m), Lučivná Tunnel (250 m) and Bôrik Tunnel (999 m) and Šibenik Tunnel (635 m).
This is a list of tunnels as seen when moving from west to east:
| Location | Length (m) | Notes |
| Ovčiarsko | 2,275 | under construction since Jul 2014, open 2018 |
| Žilina | 0,651 | under construction since Jul 2014, open 2018 |
| Višňové | 7,460 | under construction since 2015, open 2019 |
| Korbieľka | 5,859 | planned, open at first 2024 |
| Havran | 2,702 | planned, open at first 2024 |
| Čebrať | 2,080 | works were stopped, open at first 2020 |
| Lučivná | 0,250 | open Nov/Dec 2007 |
| Bôrik | 0,999 | open 2009 |
| Šibenik | 0,600 | open 2015 |
| Branisko | 4,975 | 2 lanes |
| Prešov | 2,244 | open 2021 |

## Gallery

* D1 motorway near Dubnica nad Váhom
* D1 motorway exit Považská Bystrica
* Junction Beluša
* D1 near Sverepec
* opening of the D1 motorway viaduct in Považská Bystrica
* opening of the D1 motorway viaduct in Považská Bystrica
* opening of the D1 motorway viaduct in Považská Bystrica
* The D1 R4 intersection in Presov west