OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Psychochemical warfare

Psychochemical warfare involves the use of psychopharmacological agents (mind-altering drugs or chemicals) with the intention of incapacitating an adversary through the temporary induction of hallucinations or delirium. These agents, often called "drug weapons", are generally considered chemical weapons and, more narrowly, constitute a specific type of incapacitating agent.
Although never developed into an effective weapons system, psychochemical warfare theory and research—along with overlapping mind control drug research—was secretly pursued in the mid-20th century by the US military and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the context of the Cold War. These research programs were ended when they came to light and generated controversy in the 1970s. The degree to which the Soviet Union developed or deployed similar agents during the same period remains largely unknown.

## History
### Ancient psycho-chemical use

The use of chemicals to induce altered states of mind dates back to antiquity and includes the use of plants such as thornapple (Datura stramonium) that contain combinations of anticholinergic alkaloids. In 184 B.C., Hannibal's army used belladonna plants to induce disorientation.

### Use by indigenous peoples

Records indicate that in 1611, in the British Jamestown Colony of Virginia, an unidentified, but toxic and hallucinogenic, drug derived from local plants was deployed with some success against the white settlers by Chief Powhatan.
In 1881, members of a French railway surveying expedition crossing Tuareg territory in North Africa ate dried dates that tribesmen had apparently deliberately contaminated with Egyptian henbane (Hyoscyamus muticus, or H. falezlez), to devastating effect.

### Modern military research

In the 1950s, the CIA investigated LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) as part of its Project MKUltra. In the same period, the US Army undertook the secret Edgewood Arsenal human experiments which grew out of the U.S. chemical warfare program and involved studies of several hundred volunteer test subjects. Britain was also investigating the possible use of LSD and the chemical BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate) as nonlethal battlefield drug-weapons. The United States eventually weaponized BZ for delivery in the M43 BZ cluster bomb until stocks were destroyed in 1989. Both the US and Britain concluded that the desired effects of drug weapons were unpredictable under battlefield conditions and gave up experimentation.
Reports of drug weapons associated with the Soviet bloc have been considered unreliable given the apparent absence of documentation in state archives.
# Alessandro Attene

Alessandro Attene (born 10 September 1977 in Recanati, Province of Macerata) is a retired Italian sprinter who specialized in the sprint.

## Biography

He won four medals (three at senior level), at the International athletics competitions, two of these with national relays team. His personal best time is 45.35 seconds, achieved in the heats of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He also competed at the 1997 and 2001 World Championships, the 2001 World Indoor Championships and the 2002 European Championships without ever reaching the final. He did win a silver medal in the 200 metres and gold medal in the relay 4x100 at the 2005 Mediterranean Games. He participated in the Summer Olympics in 2000, he has 16 caps in national team from 1994 to 2005.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Italy ||||||
| 1996 | World Junior Championships | Sydney, Australia | 12th (sf) | 200m | 21.53 (wind: -2.9 m/s) |
| 1996 | World Junior Championships | Sydney, Australia | 6th | 4 × 100 m relay | 40.18 |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 2nd | 200m | 20.68 (wind: 0.3 m/s) |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 4th | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.71 |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 7th | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:08.00 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 15th (sf) | 400 m | 46.41 |

## National titles

He has won times the individual national championship three times.
* 1 win in the 200 metres (2004)
* 2 wins in the 200 metres indoor (2001, 2002)
# Emma de Broughe

Emma de Broughe (born 6 September 2000) is an Australian cricketer and former field hockey player who plays for the South Australian Scorpions in the Women's National Cricket League, and for the Melbourne Renegades in the Women's Big Bash League. Originally a multi-sport athlete, de Broughe decided to switch to cricket following the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Cricket

Emma de Broughe plays for Sturt Cricket Club in SACA's Statewide Super 1st Grade competition. In the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL), De Broughe represents the South Australian Scorpions. She was first signed to the team in 2019 following standout performances in state competition and on the national stage.
In January 2024, de Broughe was named as the Betty Wilson Young Cricketer of the Year at the 2024 Australian Cricket Awards.

## Hockey
### Domestic career

In Hockey Australia's domestic competitions, Emma de Broughe represents her home state, South Australia (SA).

#### AHL and Hockey One

In 2018, De Broughe made her debut in the Australian Hockey League (AHL) for the SA Suns. Following the overhaul of the AHL, Hockey Australia subsequently introduced of a new domestic league, the Sultana Bran Hockey One League. De Broughe made her debut for SA's new representative team, the Adelaide Fire, in season one of the new league in 2019.

### International career

Emma de Broughe first represented Australia at an FIH sanctioned event in 2018, during a qualifier for the 2018 Youth Olympic Games.

#### Under–21

De Broughe made her debut for the Australia U–21, the Jillaroos, during a 2019 Tri–Nations Tournament in Canberra.
Following her debut in 2019, De Broughe represented the team again in 2020 during a four match test–series against Japan in Canberra.

## Personal life

Emma de Broughe was born and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. De Broughe studied at Sacred Heart College, graduating in 2018.
# Grand Avenue Bridge (Chicago)

The Grand Avenue Bridge, formerly Indiana Street Bridge, is a fixed-trunnion bascule bridge in Chicago, Illinois, that crosses the North Branch Chicago River.

## History

Before the current bridge opened in 1913, a swing bridge took the place of the current bridge. The wood and iron swing bridge opened in 1869.
The swing bridge was dismantled in favor of a new bascule bridge, which opened on December 13, 1913. Months earlier, on August 15, 1913, Indiana Street was renamed to Grand Avenue as part of a citywide changes of street names.
# Janina Leitzig

Janina Leitzig (born 16 April 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Women's Super League club Leicester City.

## Career
### TSG 1899 Hoffenheim

Leitzig made her league debut for TSG 1899 Hoffenheim II against FFC Frankfurt II on 30 August 2015.
Leitzig made her league debut for TSG 1899 Hoffenheim against Werder Bremen on 3 June 2018.

### Bayern Munich

On 19 February 2021, Leitzig was announced at Bayern. She made her league debut against Carl Zeiss Jena on 21 November 2021.

### Loan to Leicester City

In January 2023, she joined English club Leicester City on loan until the end of the 2022–23 Women's Super League season. She made her league debut against Brighton on 15 January 2023. On 31 May 2023, it was announced that Leitzig had won the Leicester Player of the Season.

### Leicester City

On 7 July 2023, Leicester City announced they had signed Leitzig on a permanent deal. She made her league debut against Bristol City on 1 October 2023. On 1 March 2024, it was announced that Leitzig had suffered a shoulder injury.

## International career

Leitzig made her Germany U19 debut against Kosovo U19s on 12 September 2017.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 18 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| TSG Hoffenheim | 2017–18 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| TSG Hoffenheim | 2018–19 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| TSG Hoffenheim | 2019–20 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 16 | 0 |
| TSG Hoffenheim | 2020–21 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 5 | 0 |
| TSG Hoffenheim | Total | Total | 25 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 29 | 0 |
| Bayern Munich | 2021–22 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Bayern Munich | 2022–23 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bayern Munich | Total | Total | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Leicester City (loan) | 2022–23 | Women's Super League | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 14 | 0 |
| Leicester City | 2023–24 | Women's Super League | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 18 | 0 |
| Leicester City | 2024–25 | Women's Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Leicester City | Total | Total | 27 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 32 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 66 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 83 | 0 |
* ↑ Includes DFB-Pokal, Women's FA Cup
* ↑ Includes FA Women's League Cup
* ↑ Includes UEFA Women's Champions League

## Honours

Individual
* Leicester City Player of the Year: 2022–23
* Leicester City Players' Player of the Year: 2022–23
# Marco Marchei

Marco Marchei (born 2 August 1954 in Castignano, Ascoli Piceno) is a retired male long-distance runner from Italy.

## Biography

He twice competed for his native country at the Summer Olympics: in 1980 and 1984. Marchei set his personal best (2:11.47) in the men's marathon on 14 August 1983 at the World Championships. He is the father of Valentina Marchei.

## Achievements

* All results regarding marathon, unless stated otherwise
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Italy |||||
| 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 35th | 2:23:21 |
| 1982 | Rome City Marathon | Rome, Italy | 4th | 2:12:38 |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 13th | 2:11:47 |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 43rd | 2:22:38 |
# Grünerløkka–Torshov Line

The Grünerløkka–Torshov (Norwegian: Grünerløkka–Torshov-linjen) is a tramway line running between Jernbanetorget to Storo in Oslo, Norway. It is served by lines 11, 12 and 18 of the Oslo Tramway. The line serves the city-centre of Oslo, Grunerlokka and Sagene. The line is currently served by SL79, SL95 and SL18 trams.
The line was built by Kristiania Sporveisselskap and opened for horsecars in 1878 from Stortorvet to Grünerløkka, and was extended on 12 April 1879 to St. Halvards Plass. Electrification occurred in 1899, with a further extension to Grefsen Station in 1902. There was also a former depot near Olaf Ryes plass tram stop (at Thorvald Meyers gate 49). In 1934, the Kjelsås Line was constructed; branching off at Storo, going through Disen and the suburbs of Kjelsås, before terminating at Kjelsås tram stop. Between 1988 and 1998, the trams to Sagene ran via the Grünerløkka Line and they branched off after Torshov tram station.
# Harvest of Empire: The Untold Story of Latinos in America

Harvest of Empire: The Untold Story of Latinos in America is a 2012 feature-length documentary film based on the book Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America, written by journalist Juan González. The film was directed by Peter Getzels and Eduardo López, and premiered in New York and Los Angeles on September 28.

## Cast

* Junot Díaz
* Luis Enrique
* Juan González
* Maria Hinojosa
* Jesse Jackson
* Rigoberta Menchú
* Geraldo Rivera
* Anthony Romero

## Production

The film examines the role of the United States military and economic interests in Latin American countries. It documents the relationship between United States' intervention in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, and the surge of migration from those nations. It links this exodus to the present massive Latino population in the United States. Also discussed are the wars fought by United States resulting in colonial expansion into Puerto Rico, Cuba, and over half of Mexico. It documents the covert actions by the United States to install dictatorships in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador.
The film features interviews with Nobel Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú, Jesse Jackson, executive director of the ACLU Anthony Romero, Junot Díaz, Lorenzo Meyer, Maria Hinojosa, Geraldo Rivera, musician Luis Enrique, Border Angels founder Enrique Morones, and poet Martin Espada.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 86% based on 7 reviews. On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating, the film has received an average score of 66 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Stephanie Merry of The Washington Post gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, writing, "While the documentary connects some dots more effectively than others, the overall feeling is effective; the film complicates an already complex debate." Rachel Saltz of The New York Times commented that "while the abuses of American power are demonstrated and the American embrace of Latinos shown to be less than open-armed, the filmmakers retain a touching faith that most Americans won't tolerate injustice when they know about it." Peter Hartlaub of San Francisco Chronicle stated that "The biggest strength is in the pacing and editing." He added, "A lot of ground is covered, but the focus is always clear, and the ample use of historical film helps to fight off the potential for audience boredom."
# Neil Costa

Neil Francis Costa is a Gibraltarian barrister and former politician (2007-2019) affiliated to the Liberal Party of Gibraltar (LPG). In December 2011 he was elected an MP to the Gibraltar Parliament and was elected Minister for Tourism, Public Transport, Commercial Affairs and the Port. After the Ministerial reshuffle of December 2014, he became Minister for Business and Employment. In October 2016, he was appointed Minister for Health, Care and Justice. In October 2019, Costa confirmed his decision that he would not seek re-election and returned to work as a barrister.

## Biography

Costa was born in Gibraltar into a working-class family. He grew up in the government flat which his parents shared with his grandparents and other family members. His father was a stonemason and his mother a cashier at supermarket. He stood out when he obtained three A grades, two with Distinction, at A-level at Bayside Comprehensive School. He went on to study law and Spanish at the University of Wales in Cardiff where he graduated with honours. Costa completed his law studies at the Inns of Court School of Law in London, was admitted to the bar in London in November 2002 and to the Gibraltar bar in January 2003. In 2016, Costa embarked on an LL.M. in Law from the University of Edinburgh, obtaining a Distinction in October 2019.
Costa has been involved in the politics of Gibraltar since his student days, and he joined the Liberal Party of Gibraltar in 1999. In 2007, he was elected to Parliament and became Shadow Minister for Health and Social Services. In 2011, along with Dr. Joseph Garcia and Steven Linares, formed the group of LPG candidates who stood in alliance with the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP) to contest the 2011 general elections.
Re-elected to parliament in 2011, this time in government, Costa was appointed by Chief Minister Fabian Picardo as Minister for Tourism, Public Transport, Commercial Affairs and the Port.
After the Ministerial reshuffle in December 2014, Costa was appointed Minister for Business and Employment. In October 2016, he was appointed Minister for Health, Care and Justice.
In September 2019, Costa announced that he would not stand in the 2019 Gibraltar general election. After the election he resumed his legal career.
In November 2021, Costa graduated from Oxford University, New College, with Distinction in his Master of Studies in International Human Rights Law. Neil was awarded the Morris Prize for the highest overall grade for the year and for the highest grade in the dissertation.
# Dieudonné Mzatsi

Dieudonné Mzatsi (born 12 January 1961) is a Gabonese boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Sousse–Kairouan Decauville railway

The Sousse–Kairouan Decauville railway was a 64 km (40 mi) long 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge Decauville military railway from Sousse to Kairouan in Tunisia. It operated from 1882 to 1896, before it was re-gauged to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in).

## History

The French army occupied Kairouan in 1881. Pioneers then built the narrow gauge railway from Sousse on the coast to the former capital Kairouan within 3½ months. It ran mainly on an old Roman road.
The open-sided carriages arrived before 1 January 1882 in Sousse. The first train transported wounded soldieres on 3 February 1882 from Kairouan to Sousse. The waggons were initially drawn by horses and later by steam locomotives. The railway was regauged from 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge in 1896.
# The All American (film)

The All American is a 1932 American pre-Code sports drama film directed by Russell Mack and written by Ferdinand Reyher and Frank Wead. The film stars Richard Arlen, Andy Devine and Gloria Stuart. It was given its premiere in Los Angeles on October 7, 1932, by Universal Pictures. Many noted real-life football players and a coach appeared uncredited in the film.

## Plot

College football hero Gary King's life changes for the worse when the allure of money results in a business arrangement with untrustworthy Willie Walsh and a romance with heiress Gloria Neuchard, changing all his previous plans.
Gary spurns sweetheart Ellen Steffens and puts off a promise to best friend Steve Kelly to launch a construction business together. His lavish spending on Gloria and gambling habit result in Gary falling deeply in debt.
In the meantime, Gary's younger brother Bob has become an All-American football star. Bob is married to Betty Poe and all is well until wealthy Gloria and scheming Willie turn up again. When a football game is scheduled between Bob's school and a team of older all-stars, an opportunity arises for Gary to play against his brother and teach him not to make the same mistakes he did.

## Cast

* Richard Arlen as Gary King
* Andy Devine as Andy Moran
* Gloria Stuart as Ellen Steffens
* James Gleason as Chick Knipe
* John Darrow as Bob King
* Preston Foster as Steve Kelly
* June Clyde as Betty Poe
* Merna Kennedy as Gloria Neuchard
* Harold Waldridge as Scheming Willie Walsh
* Harvey Clark as Gresham McCormick
* Huntley Gordon as Harcourt
* Earl McCarthy as Ted Brown
* Ethel Clayton as Mrs. Bowen
* Margaret Lindsay as Miss Bowen
* George Irving as Mr. King
* Florence Roberts as Mrs. King
* Frederick Burton as Mr. Neuchard
* Karlton Kadell as Ken Neuchard
* Manfred Vezie as Big Mike Allen
* James Flavin as Don Lindsay
* Earle Foxe as Read
* Arthur Hoyt as Smythe
* Fred Howard as radio announcer
* Franklin Parker as radio announcer
* Maurice Black as Blackie Doyle
* Frank Hagney as Hop McComb
* Reginald Barlow as bank president
* Robert Ellis as Walter Grant
* Miami Alvarez as Miss Wilson
* Rockliffe Fellowes as Gelt
* Jack La Rue as Joe Fiore
Uncredited:
* Marger Apsit as Football Player
* Johnny Baker as Football Player
* Walter Brennan as News Commentator at Game
* Frank Carideo as Football Player
* Jesse Hibbs as Football Player
* Moon Mullins as Football Player
* Ernie Nevers as Football Player
* Erny Pinckert as Football Player
* Lafayette Russell as Football Player
* Paul Schwegler as Football Player
* Gaius Shaver as Football Player
* Pop Warner as Himself

## Reception

The New York Times critic gave it a mixed review, writing, "As a dramatic entertainment, it is not quite so satisfactory. ... The scenarists in 'The All American' are too strenuous in their zeal to show the perils of national publicity for the young collegiates who have a battle to fight with life when they leave college." The reviewer did praise the "outstanding performance" of Gleason and noted that "Mr. Arlen is earnest and attractive in the principal rôle."
# Cherilyn

Cherilyn is a feminine given name, an elaboration of the name Cheryl in combination with the suffix -lyn.
Notable people with the name include:
* Cherilyn Elston (born 1968), British academic and translator
* Cherilyn Mackrory (born 1976), British politician
* Cherilyn Wilson (born 1988), American actress
# Euplax dagohoyi

Euplax dagohoyi is a species of crab in the family Macrophthalmidae. It was described by Mendoza & Ng in 2007.
# Sose Mayrig

Sose Mayrig (Armenian: Սօսէ Մայրիկ, 1868 – 1953), born Sose Vartanian, (Սօսէ Վարդանեան) was an Armenian female fedayee, the wife of the famous Aghbiur Serob. She was surnamed "mayrig" (mother) by Serop's hajduks for her bravery and maternal concern for Armenian youth.
She participated in the many fedayee battles. In 1898, after the battle of Babshen, Sose and Serop fled to Sassoun. In 1899, along with her son, Serop and his brothers, she participated in the battle against Kurdish brigands: Serop, their sons and Serop's brothers were killed while Sose Mayrig was wounded. After the Sasun uprising in 1904, she moved to Van and then to the Caucasus. Another son of Sose Mayrig and Serop was killed during the massacre in Erzerum. From 1920, Sose Mayrig lived in Constantinople, then in Alexandria (Egypt), where she died in 1953. Her remains were later moved to the Yerablur military cemetery in Yerevan.