OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nahal Mishmar

31°22′51.37″N 35°21′51.65″E﻿ / ﻿31.3809361°N 35.3643472°E﻿ / 31.3809361; 35.3643472
Nahal Mishmar (Hebrew: נחל משמר, lit. 'Guard Stream') or Wadi Mahras (Arabic: مَحْرَس) is a small seasonal stream in the Judean Desert in Israel. A hoard of rare Chalcolithic artifacts, the Nahal Mishmar hoard, was discovered in a cave near the stream bed which was dubbed the "Treasure Cave".

## Geography

The valley or wadi of Nahal Mishmar begins in the Hebron hills, running east towards the Dead Sea. Its western part is shallow, at an altitude of approximately 270 m above sea level, and it proceeds to fall more than 300 meters into the Jordan Rift Valley before emptying into the Dead Sea, over 12 kilometres (7.5 mi). Nahal Mishmar runs north of the Tze'elim Stream, between Ein Gedi and Masada. Access is from Highway 90.

## Archaeology

In 1961, Israeli archaeologist Pessah Bar-Adon discovered a hoard of Chalcolithic artifacts in a cave on the northern side of Nahal Mishmar, known since as the Treasure Cave. The hoard consisted of 442 decorated objects made of copper and bronze (429 of them), ivory and stone, including 240 mace heads, about 100 scepters, 5 crowns, powder horns, tools and weapons. Archaeologist David Ussishkin has suggested the hoard was the cultic furniture of the abandoned Chalcolithic Temple of Ein Gedi. Prominent finds from the hoard are currently on display in the archaeology wing of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
Items in the hoard belong to the Ghassulian culture and the Nahal Mishmar hoard is the only hoard of this culture. It is probable that the copper used for producing them was mined in Wadi Feynan.
Due to the dry climate numerous textile and plaited remains were found at the site. The remains of over 20 individuals were found in the caves. They were members of a sedentary Chalcolithic population who became refugees and their lives ended under tragic circumstances which is indicated by the fact they had numerous injuries and that the wrappings were stained with blood.
Many of these copper objects were made using the lost-wax process, one of the earliest known uses of this complex technique. Carbon-14 dating of the reed mat which was used to wrap the objects points that it was used circa 3500 B.C.E. During this period the use of copper became widespread throughout the Levant which also led to social changes in the region.
# 1900 Newfoundland general election

The 1900 Newfoundland general election was held on 8 November 1900 to elect members of the 19th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the self-governing British colony. The Liberal Party led by Robert Bond formed the government. The unpopular railway policy of the Conservatives contributed to their defeat at the polls. The Tory government of James Spearman Winter was defeated largely due to its railway policy and his conservative party fell into disarray.

## Results by party

| | Party | Leader | 1897 | Seats won | % change |
| | Liberal | Robert Bond | 13 | 32 | +146.2% |
| | Tory | Sir James Spearman Winter | 23 | 4 | -82.6% |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 36 | 36 | |

## Elected members

* Bay de Verde
** Henry J. B. Woods Liberal
*** Isaac Mercer Liberal, elected in 1902
** Michael T. Knight Liberal
* Bonavista Bay
** Alfred B. Morine Tory
** Darius Blandford Tory
** Mark Chaplin Tory
* Burgeo-LaPoile
** Charles Emerson Liberal
* Burin
** Henry Gear, Liberal
** Edward H. Davey Liberal
* Carbonear
** Joseph Maddick Liberal
* Ferryland
** Michael P. Cashin Liberal
** J. D. Ryan Liberal
* Fogo
** Henry Earle Liberal
* Fortune Bay
** Charles Way Liberal
* Harbour Grace
** Eli Dawe Liberal
** A. W. Harvey Liberal
** William Austin Oke Liberal
* Harbour Main
** Frank J. Morris Liberal
** J. J. St. John Liberal
* Placentia and St. Mary's
** E. M. Jackman Liberal
** Thomas Bonia Liberal
** Richard T. McGrath Liberal
* Port de Grave
** A. M. McKay Tory
* St. Barbe
** Alexander Parsons Liberal
* St. George's
** William R. Howley Liberal
* St. John's East
** William Dwyer Liberal
** Lawrence Furlong Liberal (speaker)
** Thomas J. Murphy Liberal
* St. John's West
** Edward P. Morris Liberal
** John Anderson Liberal
** John Scott Liberal
* Trinity Bay
** George W. Gushue Liberal
** George M. Johnson Liberal
*** Robert Watson Tory, elected 1902
** William H. Horwood Liberal
*** William Warren Tory, elected 1902
* Twillingate
** Robert Bond Liberal
** James A. Clift Liberal
** George Roberts Liberal
# Mandela van Eeden

Mandela van Eeden (May 31, 1987) is an American radio personality and educator who lives in Missoula, Montana.

## Life and career

Van Eeden was born in San Francisco, California, but grew up in Australia, South Africa, and Montana.
Van Eeden is host of “The Trail Less Travelled,” an international adventure and travel radio show and podcast. Van Eeden's radio and podcast interviews document humanitarian and environmental concerns.
Van Eeden is also an educator and an international whitewater adventure instructor. Van Eeden started working as a river guide when she was 17 years old.
Van Eeden is on the board of The Montana Wildlife Federation.

## Music

Van Eeden plays the didgeridoo and was in a band called "Peanut Butter and Didjeridu Jam". She started playing the didgeridoo when she was eight years old and takes a didgeridoo on her worldwide travels.
# Silverleigh, Queensland

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Silverleigh is a rural locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Silverleigh had a population of 80 people.

## Geography

The Oakey–Cooyar Road runs through the north-western corner.

## History

A Lutheran congregation formed in 1899 and in November 1890 opened St Paul's Lutheran Church. In 1991, due to differences of opinion on religious issues, the church separated from the Lutheran Church of Australia and, in 1992, joined with a number of other like-minded Lutheran congregations to form the Australian Evangelical Lutheran Church.
Local residents requested a school in 1901. Tenders were called to construct the school in May 1902. Boah Peak Provisional School opened on 8 September 1902 under head teacher Albert Amos Braysher. The school was renamed Silverleigh Provisional School in 1904. On 1 January 1909, it became Silverleigh State School. It closed on 4 June 1967. It was at 836 Acland Silverleigh Road (27°19′02″S 151°45′44″E﻿ / ﻿27.3172°S 151.7622°E﻿ / -27.3172; 151.7622﻿ (Silverleigh State School (former))).

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Silverleigh had a population of 71 people.
In the 2021 census, Silverleigh had a population of 80 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Silverleigh. The nearest government primary schools are Goombungee State School in neighbouring Goombungee to the east and Oakey State School in Oakey to the south. The nearest government secondary school is Oakey State High School, also in Oakey. There is also a Catholic primary school in Oakey.

## Amenities

Despite the name, St Paul's Lutheran Church, Greenwood, is at 617 Acland Silverleigh Road in Silverleigh (27°18′53″S 151°44′57″E﻿ / ﻿27.31461°S 151.74926°E﻿ / -27.31461; 151.74926﻿ (St Paul's Lutheran Church, Greenwood)).
# Wanjiru, Sacrificed by Her People

"Wanjiru, Sacrificed by Her People" is the title given to a story of the Kikuyu people living in what is now Central Kenya.

## Plot

"Wanjiru, Sacrificed by Her People" is the title given to a Kikuyu tale of a young woman who is sacrificed by her people to counter a drought. While she slowly sinks under ground, the rains begin to fall. A young warrior who loved her seeks her; when he gets to the place where she sank down, he sinks also, and follows her trail into the underworld. She is in a terrible state, but he tells her he will put her on his back and take her away. Unlike Orpheus, however, the young man makes no "tragic mistake" and he and Wanjiru leave the underworld alive. He tells her people they treated her "shamefully", and marries her—though he grudgingly pays her bride price.

## History

The Kikuyu people are native to what is now Central Kenya. The story was recorded through the work of William and Katherine Routledge, who recorded the tale and published it in 1910. The tale was told to them by one of the Kikuyu people who visited their camp (after 1906) in what was then British East Africa. Other titles include "The girl who was sacrificed by her kin", and varieties thereof.
# Sunset Hill (Alderson, West Virginia)

"Sunset Hill", also known as the Alderson Home, is a historic home located at Alderson, Monroe County, West Virginia. The main farmhouse was built in 1880, and is a two-story I house with side gables and a two-story ell. The front facade features a gable portico supported by four Doric order columns. Also on the property are a contributing cottage (c. 1900), privy built by the Works Progress Administration (c. 1935–1936), barn (c. 1900), cistern (c. 1880), and entrance gates (c. 1925).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
# 1826 Portuguese legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 8 and 17 October 1826.

## Electoral system

The 1822 constitution, under which the elections that year were held, had been suspended by King John VI in 1823. In 1826 John promulgated a Constitutional Charter, which provided for a bicameral parliament, the Cortes Gerais, with an elected Chamber of Deputies and a Chamber of Most Worthy Peers whose members were appointed by the monarch or were members of the nobility. The Chamber of Deputies had 138 members; 120 from the mainland, 11 from islands and seven from overseas colonies.
An electoral law was enacted on 7 August 1826, under which members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected from eight multi-member constituencies in which voters had as many votes as there were seats, as well as seven single-member constituencies for the colonial seats. The elections used a four-round system, with candidates required to receive a majority of the vote in the first three rounds to be elected, before the fourth round was held using plurality voting.
The electoral franchise was more restrictive than in 1822, with new income and property requirements on top of the existing age limits, and the elections were held on an indirect basis, with voters electing provincial assemblies, who in turn elected members of the Chamber of Deputies. To vote for the provincial assemblies, the requirement was an income of 100,000 reals, but only those whose income was at least 200,000 could become members of the provincial assemblies. Membership of the Chamber of Deputies was restricted to those with an income of at least 400,000 reals.

## Results

The result was a victory for the situationists, although the apostolic opposition boycotted the elections.

## Aftermath

The new Cortes Gerais was opened on 30 October 1826. Although it was due to have a four-year term, it was dissolved on 13 March 1828 by Dom Miguel.
# Smilosuchus

Smilosuchus (meaning "chisel crocodile") is an extinct genus of leptosuchomorph parasuchid from the Late Triassic of North America.

## History

The type species was first described in 1995 as a replacement generic name for Leptosuchus gregorii. Because of the large rostral crest it possessed, it was considered to be distinct enough from other species of Leptosuchus (all of which had smaller and more restricted crests) to be within its own genus. Some studies seem to suggest that Smilosuchus is congeneric with Leptosuchus, as the enlarged crest could have been independently developed in Leptosuchus. However, newer studies support the idea that Smilosuchus is distinct from the type species of Leptosuchus, Leptosuchus crosbiensis. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Smilosuchus is more closely related to mystriosuchins than to Leptosuchus species.

## Description

Like all phytosaurs, Smilosuchus had the nostrils close to the top of its head. The rostral crest and nasal bulge supporting these raised nostrils was larger in Smilosuchus than in many other phytosaurs. Its skull was extremely large, up to 155 cm long, although estimates for the overall length vary from 7 m (23 ft) to 12 m (39 ft). The jaws are very short and broad and the teeth are heterodont, with large tusks at the anterior of the mouth for impaling prey and more blade-like teeth for slicing flesh closer to the back of the mouth. The tusks are mounted on a bulge at the tip of the snout present in nearly all phytosaurs. Its squamosal processes are short and deep, indicating a powerful bite. This coupled with its large size (it is one of the largest known phytosaurs) suggests that it hunted large prey such as Placerias.

## Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram from Stocker (2012):
# R.K. Kotnala

Ravinder Kumar Kotnala known as R.K. Kotnala is an Indian scientist. He has worked on topics such as hydroelectric cell, solar cells, magnetic materials & magnetic field measurements. He has been involved in organizations such as National Physical Laboratory, Department of Atomic Energy, and National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). He served as Head of Environmental Sciences & Biomedical Metrology in the CSIR-NPL.

## Awards and honours

Kotnala is one of the Honorary Professor at Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Noida.
| Year of award/honor | Name of award or honour | Awarding organization |
| 2008 | MRSI Medal Award in Material Science (Magnetic Materials) | Materials Research Society of India (MRSI) |
| 2013 | Academician | Asia Pacific Academy of Materials (APAM) |
| 2015 | Fellow, National Academy of Sciences (NASI) | National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad |
| 2018 | Raja Ramanna Fellow | Department of Atomic Energy, India |
| 2020 | Chairman of National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) | Quality Council of India |
| 2018–present | President | Society for Scientific Values (SSV) |

## Selected publications
### Books

* Verma, Kuldeek Chand; Negi, N. S.; Kotnala, R. K. (2016). Multiferroics: Nanoparticles and Thin Films. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing (published 22 April 2016). ISBN 9783659880193.
* Kotnala, R. K.; Singh, N. P. (1986). Essentials of Solar Cell. Allied Publishers Private.
* Kotnala, R. K.; Kotnala, V. K. (1987). Basic physics for IIT. Allied.
* Elements of Electronic Instrumentations. LAXMI. 1995.
# Tex Granger

Tex Granger is a 1948 American Western film serial featuring the title character as a masked cowboy referred to as The Midnight Rider of the Plains in the serial's subtitle. It was based on a character from the comic Calling All Boys while the plot was taken from The Last Frontier (1926), which was itself based on the novel of the same name by Courtney Ryley Cooper. Tex Granger was the 36th of the 57 serials released by Columbia.

## Plot

When Tex Granger rides into Three Buttes, Helen Kent persuades him to buy the local newspaper office. However, loan shark Rance Carson appoints the bandit Blaze Talbot as town marshal to act as his enforcer and soon the town is in chaos. With fighting between rival gangs, Tex dons a mask to become "The Midnight Rider of the Plains" and bring the criminals to justice.

## Cast

* Robert Kellard as Tex Granger, The Night Rider
* Peggy Stewart as Helen Kent
* Robert 'Buzz' Henry as Timmy Perkins (as Buzz Henry)
* Smith Ballew as Marshal Blaze
* Jack Ingram as Reno, Gang Leader
* I. Stanford Jolley as Rance Carson
* Terry Frost as Luke Adams, Carson Henchman [Chs.1-6]
* Jim Diehl as Conroy, Carson Henchmen
* Britt Wood as Sandy White
* Tiny Brauer as Morgan Carson Henchmen (as Bill Brauer)
* Duke as Duke, the Dog (as Duke the Wonder Dog)

## Chapter titles

* Tex Finds Trouble
* Rider of Mystery Mesa
* Dead or Alive
* Dangerous Trails
* Renegade Pass
* A Crooked Deal
* The Rider Unmasked
* Mystery of the Silver Ghost
* The Rider Trapped
* Midnight Ambush
* Renegade Roundup
* Carson's Last Draw
* Blaze Takes Over
* Riding Wild
* The Rider Meets Blaze
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# Heping County

Heping (Chinese: 和平; Jyutping: wo4 ping4, Hakka: Fò-phìn) is a county of northeastern Guangdong Province, China, bordering Jiangxi to the north. It is under the administration of Heyuan City. At the 2020 census, its population was around 353,903, with the majority of the residents being Hakka.

## Language

As in the great majority of Heyuan county, Hakka Chinese is spoken, with residents calling their local dialect Heping hua.

## Climate

Climate data for Heping, elevation 208 m (682 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.9 (82.2) | 30.6 (87.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.5 (92.3) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.9 (100.2) | 38.1 (100.6) | 39.2 (102.6) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.8 (96.4) | 34.5 (94.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 39.2 (102.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.1 (91.6) | 31.2 (88.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 25.6 (78.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) | 12.7 (54.9) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 24.1 (75.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.4 (81.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 17.1 (62.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 20.2 (68.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.2 (48.6) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.2 (63.0) | 20.9 (69.6) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.0 (71.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 13.0 (55.4) | 8.1 (46.6) | 16.6 (61.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.6 (27.3) | −1.1 (30.0) | −1.5 (29.3) | 6.0 (42.8) | 10.3 (50.5) | 15.3 (59.5) | 18.3 (64.9) | 19.3 (66.7) | 13.5 (56.3) | 6.3 (43.3) | −0.4 (31.3) | −3.5 (25.7) | −3.5 (25.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 60.9 (2.40) | 81.4 (3.20) | 164.4 (6.47) | 205.1 (8.07) | 230.8 (9.09) | 279.7 (11.01) | 173.9 (6.85) | 182.8 (7.20) | 127.8 (5.03) | 37.8 (1.49) | 49.7 (1.96) | 47.7 (1.88) | 1,642 (64.65) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.3 | 11.1 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 18.3 | 19.1 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 11.5 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 153.5 |
| Average snowy days | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 78 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 82 | 82 | 80 | 74 | 74 | 72 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 110.6 | 88.6 | 77.0 | 85.0 | 105.7 | 128.1 | 195.5 | 174.8 | 168.2 | 175.1 | 153.9 | 140.7 | 1,603.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 33 | 28 | 21 | 22 | 26 | 31 | 47 | 44 | 46 | 49 | 47 | 43 | 36 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Biggs

Biggs may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Biggs (TV channel), a Portuguese television channel formerly for kids, teens and youth and now for teens and youth.
* Biggs Darklighter, a character in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope
* Biggs, a recurring character in the Final Fantasy series of role-playing games

## Business and organizations

* bigg's, a hypermarket chain in Ohio and Kentucky
* Mr. Bigg's, Nigerian fast food chain
* Biggs Furniture of Richmond, Virginia

## People

* Biggs (surname)
* Kareem Burke, nicknamed "Biggs", an American entrepreneur and record executive
* Ronald Isley, stagename "Mr. Biggs", an American singer-songwriter and record executive

## Places

* Biggs, California, U.S.
* Biggs, Kentucky, U.S.
* Biggs Junction, Oregon, U.S.
* Biggs Army Airfield, Texas, U.S.
* Biggs Settlement, Michigan, U.S.
# Virendra Chaudhary

Virendra Chaudhary is an Indian politician and a member of the Indian National Congress from Uttar Pradesh. He is a MLA representing Pharenda constituency of Maharajganj district.

## Electoral Performances

| Year | Election | Party | Party | Constituency Name | Result | Votes gained | Vote share% | Margin | Ref |
| 2022 | 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly | | INC | Pharenda | Won | 85,181 | 40.28% | 1,246 | |
# Church of the Virgin Mary (Senica)

The Church of the Virgin Mary is a Roman Catholic church located in a minor square in Senica, Slovakia.

## History

Built in 1631, it was originally intended as a Protestant place of worship, but became Catholic in 1654. A major construction makeover occurred a year later, in 1655. The tower of the church, located on the west side, had an upper stage in late Baroque added (1754–1788). Further changes took place in 1936 and 1949, the latter being in desperate need, due to damage caused during World War II. At this time, the church was renovated with a more contemporary style.
The Church of the Virgin Mary is of a simple three-aisle design, with a plain, undecorated facade. The core of the church is enlivened by only four support pillars decorated with sloping roofs. In between are four rectangular windows with semicircular tops. The facade of the rearranged main entrance tower (not in use at this time) is horizontally decorated with cornices and smaller rectangular windows. The dome, designed in quasi-Baroque style in 1959, was part of the reconstruction of the roof made in the beginning of the 20th century. It was covered by copper shingles in 1963.
The Renaissance entry portal consists of an edicule and an upper shield in which its coat-of-arms are placed. The entry point is lined with pilasters.

## Gallery

* Senica, Church of the Virgin Mary
* Senica, Church of the Virgin Mary tower
* Senica, Church of the Virgin Mary, street view
# Snow goggles

Snow goggles (Inuktitut: ilgaak or iggaak, syllabics: ᐃᓪᒑᒃ or ᐃᒡᒑᒃ; Central Yupik: nigaugek, nigauget) are a type of eyewear traditionally used by the Inuit and the Yupik peoples of the Arctic to prevent snow blindness.
The goggles are traditionally made of driftwood (especially spruce), bone, walrus ivory, caribou antler, or in some cases seashore grass. The workpiece is carved to fit the wearer's face, and one or more narrow horizontal slits are carved through the front. The goggles fit tightly against the face so that the only light entering is through the slits, and soot is sometimes applied to the inside to help cut down on glare. The slits are made narrow not only to reduce the amount of light entering but also to improve the visual acuity. Wider slits result in a larger field of view.

## Terminology

Like other Inuit language terms, such as inukhuk/inuksuk, a different word may be used in different dialects. In the Kivalliq dialect, ilgaak (ᐃᓪᒑᒃ) is used, while the North Baffin dialect uses iggaak (ᐃᒡᒑᒃ). Both words are also used to refer to sunglasses.
In Central Yup'ik, snow goggles are called nigaugek, while in Cup'ig they are igguag. In Siberian Yupik, the word is iyegaatek.
# Maximilian Linder

Maximilian Linder (born 22 March 1965) is an Austrian politician from the Freedom Party. He has been a member of the National Council since 2023, having previously served from 2008 to 2013 and 2017 to 2019. Since 2003, he has also served as mayor of Afritz am See.
# A Switchback Railway

A Switchback Railway is an 1898 British short black-and-white silent actuality film, directed by Robert W. Paul, featuring patrons riding on a switchback railway at a fairground at Alexandra Palace, where Blandford Hall can be seen in the background. "This dynamically composed actuality," according to Michael Brooke of BFI Screenonline, "was clearly a success, so much so that James Williamson and the Riley Brothers released their own switchback railway films only a few months later." It is included on the BFI DVD R.W. Paul: The Collected Films 1895-1908. It is arguable that the filmmaker, R.W. Paul, missed a trick by not placing the camera inside one of the moving cars to simulate the ride from the passenger's perspective, although he might have had difficulty keeping the camera steady. Nonetheless, the film was clearly a success, so much so that James Williamson and the Riley Brothers released their own switchback railway films only a few months later.