# British Rail Class 83

The British Rail Class 83 electric locomotives were built by English Electric at Vulcan Foundry, Newton-le-Willows as part of the West Coast Main Line electrification.

## History
### Construction

Fifteen locomotives of British Rail Class 83 were built between 1960 and 1962 by English Electric at Vulcan Foundry, as part of British Rail's policy to develop a standard electric locomotive. Five prototype classes (81-85) were built and evaluated, which eventually led to the development of the Class 86 locomotive.
Three of these locomotives were to have been built as Type B, geared for freight trains, but as it was only two were so built, becoming E3303 and E3304. The third Type B, E3305, was never built as such. Instead it was used as a test bed with silicon rectifiers and transductors, this being the first step towards thyristor control. It became a Type A, geared for passenger trains, and numbered E3100.
The other two Type B locomotives were eventually rebuilt as Type A, being renumbered E3098 (ex E3303) and E3099 (ex E3304). Power was provided by overhead catenary energized at 25,000 V AC.
Under the pre-TOPS British Rail classification, the first fourteen locomotives, E3024 - E3035 and E3303, E3304 (later E3098 and E3099) were Class AL3 (meaning the 3rd design of AC Locomotive). The fifteenth engine, E3100 became Class AL3/1. All fifteen were included in the TOPS numbering system, being renumbered 83001-015.
The Polish EU06 class was produced by English Electric at the same time as the Class 83s and externally they are quite similar.

### In service

The class was used to haul trains on the then newly electrified West Coast Main Line, from Birmingham, to Crewe, Manchester Piccadilly, Liverpool and later Preston. By 1965, electrification had spread south to London Euston.

### Storage and refurbishment

As with the Class 84, the Class 83 suffered with problems due to the mercury-arc rectifiers. After spending several years in storage (1967 to 1971), they were rebuilt with silicon rectifiers, as were already fitted to E3100, and dual braking between July 1970 and October 1973.
The decision to reinstate the fifteen engines of Class 83 was the result of the extension of the electrification from Weaver Junction to Glasgow, which required more electric locomotives. With both Class 83 and Class 84 being returned to traffic only thirty-six Class 87 were required to be built.

### Later use

Electrification finally reached Glasgow in the early 1970s, allowing this class to operate the full length of the West Coast Main Line.
The last three in service (83009, 83012 and 83015) were retained for use on empty coaching stock workings from London Euston Station to Willesden. 83009 had previously been used at Longsight in Manchester, to convert the 25 kV AC supply to 1500 V DC, to allow testing of the Class 506 units following the closure of Reddish Depot.

### Withdrawal

Two engines were withdrawn early as a result of accidents. The first was 83003, withdrawn in May 1975, which was severely damaged in an accident on 23 January 1975 at Watford with a Class 86 (86209).
The second engine was 83004 which, on 24 December 1977, was severely damaged in a collision with a Class 47 at Willesden. In 1983, ten of the remaining thirteen engines were withdrawn, all being sent to the Vic Berry Scrapyard in Leicester. The final three were withdrawn in 1989, with two of the three being scrapped at MC Metals of Glasgow in 1993.

## Power supply

The locomotives always worked on power provided by overhead catenary energised at 25,000 V AC. However, the main transformer, normally operated with the four windings in series, could be operated at 6250 V AC with the transformer windings in parallel. This voltage was initially to be used where limited clearances gave concern over use of the higher voltage. Since the clearances were found to be adequate, the lower voltage connections were locked out of use.

## Preservation

One locomotive has been preserved by the AC Locomotive Group.
* 83012 / E3035 - Barrow Hill Engine Shed
The locomotive was originally preserved by Pete Waterman in 1992, and then purchased by the AC Locomotive Group in 1997.

## Fleet details

| Key: | Preserved | Scrapped |
| Numbers | Numbers | Numbers | Works Number | Works Number | Date Introduced | Withdrawn | Disposal | Disposal |
| Type B | Type A | TOPS | English Electric | Vulcan Foundry | Date Introduced | Withdrawn | Location | Date |
| - | E3024 | 83001 | 2928 | E264 | July 1960 | December 1984 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | December 1984 |
| - | E3025 | 83002 | 2929 | E265 | July 1960 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | November 1984 |
| - | E3026 | 83003 | 2930 | E266 | August 1960 | May 1975 | Scrapped at Crewe Works | July 1975 |
| - | E3027 | 83004 | 2931 | E267 | September 1960 | January 1978 | Scrapped at Coopers Metals, Sheffield | February 1978 |
| - | E3028 | 83005 | 2932 | E268 | October 1960 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | November 1984 |
| - | E3029 | 83006 | 2933 | E269 | October 1960 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | October 1984 |
| - | E3030 | 83007 | 2934 | E270 | November 1960 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | December 1984 |
| - | E3031 | 83008 | 2935 | E271 | December 1960 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | November 1984 |
| - | E3032 | 83009 | 2936 | E272 | December 1960 | March 1989 | Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow | August 1993 |
| - | E3033 | 83010 | 2937 | E273 | 16 December 1960 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | December 1984 |
| - | E3034 | 83011 | 2938 | E274 | February 1961 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | November 1984 |
| - | E3035 | 83012 | 2941 | E277 | July 1961 | March 1989 | Preserved at Barrow Hill Engine Shed | Preserved at Barrow Hill Engine Shed |
| E3303 | E3098 | 83013 | 2939 | E275 | March 1961 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | October 1984 |
| E3304 | E3099 | 83014 | 2940 | E276 | May 1961 | July 1983 | Scrapped at Vic Berry, Leicester | October 1984 |
| (E3305) | E3100 | 83015 | 2942 | E278 | July 1962 | February 1989 | Scrapped at MC Metals, Glasgow | April 1993 |