# Hưng Yên

Hưng Yên (listen) is a city in Vietnam. It is the provincial capital of Hưng Yên Province and is a third-graded city according to Vietnam's city classification table.

## History

Hưng Yên city was originally the expansion of Phố Hiến (Hiến Street), a river port that appeared earliest in the 16th century.
Phố Hiến has a position as a place where Sơn Nam garrison's government was located. However, its area ws relatively small. It only consists of a public authority, Xích Đằng Literary Temple and a few markets. During several centuries, this location was an important gateway of the commercial platform in Đông Kinh.
It was not until the French set a protective regime that Phố Hiến was expanded to Hưng Yên town (thị xã Hưng Yên).

## Geography
### Topography

According to the 2021 statistical yearbook of the whole Hưng Yên province, Hưng Yên city covers an area of 73,89 km$^2$. Currently, it was divided such as :
* 6 wards : An Tảo, Hiến Nam, Hồng Châu, Lam Sơn, Lê Lợi, Minh Khai.
* 12 communes : Bảo Khê, Hoàng Hanh, Hùng Cường, Liên Phương, Phú Cường, Phương Nam, Quảng Châu, Tân Hưng, Trung Nghĩa.
Hưng Yên is a delta municipality. The entire area of Hưng Yên city is almost flat, which tends to be sunken from the Northeast to the Southwest. It is located in the farthest position to the South of Hưng Yên province, where adjacent to the Red River, about 60 km away from Hanoi. Besides, Hưng Yên owns two sediment isles near the territory of Hanoi, where includes communes Phú Cường and Hùng Cường.
Hưng Yên borders Kim Động district to the North and Tiên Lữ district to the East. The Red River is the natural boundary between Hưng Yên and Hà Nam province's Lý Nhân district and Duy Tiên district. National Route 38 and Yên Lệnh bridge connect the city to National Route 1st across the Red River.

### Population

As of 2021 Hưng Yên city had a population of 118,646. In particular, all people are registered as Kẻ Kinh.

## Culture

In terms of beliefs and history, the area of Phố Hiến is considered one of the "cradles" of the Catholic Church in Vietnam.
According to the historical document of the Roman Catholic Church and some records of Annamese officials, Bishop Pierre Lambert de la Motte had summoned the first Đàng-ngoày Council (Công-đồng Đàng-ngoày) here in 1670, and that event was considered as the beginning of the Christian history in the whole Hưng Yên province. Therefore, since December 23, 1673, Hưng Yên city has been considered a traditional address to have the regular meetings of Dinh-Hiến Council (Công-đồng Dinh-Hiến), under order Apostolatus Officium by Pope Clement X.
Currently, the territory of Hưng Yên city is part to Đông Hưng Yên Deanery, belonged to Thái Bình Cathedral Diocese.

### Tourism

The city is well-known in the world (especially among historians) for Phố Hiến (an ancient port-city located in the area). There are still a lot of ancient Asian church, temples, pagodas and other religious buildings here.
Nhãn lồng (fruit of dragon eye) is one of Hưng Yên's specialties.

### Climate

Climate data for Hưng Yên :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.6 (92.5) | 37.6 (99.7) | 41.2 (106.2) | 39.4 (102.9) | 40.5 (104.9) | 40.5 (104.9) | 38.7 (101.7) | 36.6 (97.9) | 36.4 (97.5) | 34.5 (94.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 20.1 (68.2) | 22.6 (72.7) | 27.0 (80.6) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 31.9 (89.4) | 30.8 (87.4) | 28.7 (83.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 21.7 (71.1) | 27.0 (80.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 23.7 (74.7) | 27.1 (80.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 17.9 (64.2) | 23.5 (74.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.4 (59.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 26.1 (79.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 24.8 (76.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 18.7 (65.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 21.1 (70.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) | 5.3 (41.5) | 6.6 (43.9) | 12.2 (54.0) | 16.5 (61.7) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.6 (69.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.5 (61.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 4.8 (40.6) | 4.8 (40.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 27.1 (1.07) | 25.1 (0.99) | 46.8 (1.84) | 86.4 (3.40) | 174.1 (6.85) | 206.2 (8.12) | 220.2 (8.67) | 277.1 (10.91) | 252.5 (9.94) | 169.2 (6.66) | 71.7 (2.82) | 23.6 (0.93) | 1,580.7 (62.23) |
| Average rainy days | 9.1 | 12.4 | 16.6 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 15.7 | 13.6 | 10.7 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 145.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.3 | 87.1 | 89.2 | 89.1 | 85.6 | 83.1 | 83.8 | 86.7 | 86.2 | 83.7 | 82.2 | 81.5 | 85.2 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 69.1 | 41.4 | 44.4 | 88.9 | 178.3 | 174.0 | 192.4 | 168.0 | 166.1 | 155.5 | 131.4 | 112.2 | 1,521.8 |
| Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology ||||||||||||||