OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Duffryn

Duffryn (Welsh: Dyffryn) is a large housing estate in the southwest of the city of Newport, south Wales comprising a large portion of the Tredegar Park electoral district (ward). Built on land belonging to Tredegar House, it was completed in 1978 and at the time won several awards for its design. The layout of the estate, as viewed from above, is that of long, curved terraces undulating around a central wooded area. Originally a council estate, Duffryn is now a mix of private ownership and Newport City Homes RSL (Registered Social Landlord) properties.
The design of the estate is the result of a council competition. It was won by a consortium committed to the theories of planning devised in the architecture department of Cambridge University in the 1960s. The District Amenities Centre that was planned for the south-west corner of the 96-acre site was never built, so the plan of a largely self-sufficient community was not realised.
Despite the relative recent development of the estate, the name Duffryn is an ancient name for the wider township of the ancient parish of Bassaleg.
There are three secondary schools in Duffryn: John Frost School, St. Joseph's RC High School and the Welsh-medium Ysgol Gyfun Gwent Is Coed. In 2006, John Frost School (known then as Duffryn High School) was the filming location of the Doctor Who episode School Reunion, filmed in late-summer 2005.
The majority of the estate is heated by a district heating system which is fuelled by biomass.
# Ulpana Tzfira

Ulpana Tzfira is a religious institution for girls which is located in Tzafria, Israel. The ulpana is related to Bnei-Akiva's yeshiva and was established in 1965.
# Cú Mara mac Maic Liac

Cú Mara mac Mac Liac (died 1030) was an Irish poet who held the post of Chief Ollam of Ireland.
His obit is given in the Annals of the Four Masters as follows- "M1030.17 Cumara, son of Macliag, chief poet of Ireland, died." His obit is given in the Annals of Ulster as follows- "U1030.8 Cú Mara son of Mac Liac, chief ollav of Ireland, died." His obit is given in the Annals of Loch Cé as follows- "LC1030.9 Cumhara, son of Mac-Liag, chief poet of Erinn, died." His obit is given in the Annals of Tigernach as follows- "Cu mara mac Maic Liag [ son of Mac Liac ] mortuus est".
# Jamie Macdonald (speed skater)

Jamie Macdonald (born December 22, 1994) is a Canadian short track speed skater. and has been a member of the senior national team since 2015

## Career
### 2013

Macdonald competed at the 2013 Winter Universiade in Trentino, Italy.

### 2015

Macdonald competed at the 2015 Winter Universiade in Granada, Spain, where she won a bronze medal as part of the 3,000 metres relay.

### 2016

As part of the 2015–16 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup, Macdonald won her first ever World Cup medal, a silver in the 1000 m event in Dordrecht, Netherlands. Macdonald followed this up with a silver in the 500 m event in Calgary, Alberta as part of the 2016–17 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup.

### 2017

Macdonald won a bronze medal in the 500 m event as part of the Dresden World Cup. Macdonald was named to Canada's 2018 Olympic team in August 2017. This will mark her Olympic debut.
# Ben Chacko

Ben Patrick Chacko (born 1984) is an English journalist who is the editor of the Morning Star. After joining the newspaper in 2010, he became editor in 2015.

## Early life

Chacko was born in Camden, London. He was brought up in Cheltenham, and educated at the local Pate's Grammar School, and St John's College, Oxford, where he studied Mandarin Chinese.
His father, Francis Chacko, who came to Britain from India at the age of eight, is an actuary, while his Lancastrian mother Sarah (née Willcock) is a software engineer who studied for a DPhil at the University of Oxford. His brother is the tax barrister, Thomas Chacko, of Pump Court Tax Chambers.
Chacko credits his conversion to communism to a recommendation from his mother when he was a teenager that he abandon the Socialist Worker newspaper, published by the Socialist Workers Party, for something more genuinely "leftie", such as the Morning Star. Chacko found the Star "a real revelation".
By the age of 15, Chacko was attending meetings of the Young Communist League. He edited Challenge, the journal of the Young Communist League and was a member of the student union council at Oxford.

## Career

Chacko was appointed editor of the Morning Star in May 2015, the youngest editor of the paper since its founding editor, William Rust. He joined the paper as a sub-editor in 2010, and was subsequently deputy features editor, assistant editor and deputy editor before being appointed acting editor in July 2014. "The Star is the most precious and only voice we have in the daily media", said the Labour MP Jeremy Corbyn at the time of Chacko's appointment in May 2015. "I look forward to working with Ben in promoting socialism and progress".

## Political views

After leaving university, Chacko lived in China for a few years. The country, according to him, is evidence that "you can run a society without surrendering to the idea that the market is always right". Post-Soviet Russia, on the other hand, he describes as "a gangster capitalist state run by oligarchs".
In summer 2015, he told Josh Glancy of The Sunday Times: "We need a revolution in politics to overturn the power of private ownership... That doesn't mean you'd have people storming Buckingham Palace. It could be a revolution that is enacted by people in parliament as a result of a mass movement for change".
# Siege of Iwamura Castle

The siege of Iwamura was a military event which occurred in 1572 in Japan, concurrent with Takeda Shingen's push into Tōtōmi Province and the Battle of Mikatagahara.
Akiyama Nobutomo, one of Shingen's "Twenty-Four Generals," set his eye on the great yamashiro (mountain castle) of Iwamura when Tōyama Kagetō, the commander of the castle's garrison, fell ill and died.
Akiyama negotiated the castle's surrender with Lady Otsuya, who was not only Tōyama's widow but the aunt of Oda Nobunaga. The heir to the castle was a four-year-old boy called Gobōmaru, the fifth son of Oda Nobunaga, who had been given to Tōyama to adopt and raise as his own. Gobomaru was taken to the Takeda home in Kai province as a hostage. In accordance with the surrender treaty, Lady Otsuya married Akiyama.
This caused the Takeda-Oda relationship to decline and Nobunaga started a campaign against the Takeda clan.
# Stéphane Roda

Stéphane Roda (born 16 June 1973) is a French former professional football midfielder.
During his career Roda played for Aurillac, Metz, Gueugnon, Strasbourg, Angers, Le Havre and Fréjus.
Roda played in the 2000 Coupe de la Ligue Final and helped Gueugnon win the 1999–2000 Coupe de la Ligue.

## Honours

Gueugnon
* Coupe de la Ligue: 2000
# NAD Electronics

NAD Electronics is a brand name of an electronics firm whose products include home hi-fi amplifiers and related components. NAD is an abbreviation for New Acoustic Dimension.
The company was founded in London, England, in 1972 by Dr. Martin L. Borish, an electrical engineer with a PhD in physics. Its most famous product is the late-1970s NAD 3020, an integrated amplifier designed by Bjørn Erik Edvardsen, which was highly regarded by various magazines in Britain.
NAD was one of the first audio manufacturers to outsource the manufacturing of its products to electronics factories in east Asia.
NAD was acquired by the Danish firm AudioNord in 1991 and subsequently sold in 1999 to the Lenbrook Group of Pickering, Ontario, Canada.

## Power-supply design

NAD focuses on the concept of "effective power" and its amplifiers are said to deliver generous headroom, meaning that they may be able to deliver dynamic power bursts far in excess of their rated RMS power. The key to this feature requires use of a flexible power supply which stores significant reserve current for quick release at moments of high musical load. Originally developed at NAD by Phill Marshall, NAD's various incarnations of his design have been associated with different names over the years including Power Envelope and recently PowerDrive.
Additional benefits of this approach include the fact that amplifiers using this technology can handle complex, real-life, lower-impedance loudspeaker loads as compared with the simple 8-ohm resistor typically used to calculate advertised power ratings and the fact that the circuitry in this approach requires less cooling, while maintaining ability to handle complex impedance loads as low as 2 ohms.

## NAD Technology in Bluesound

Two Bluesound products, Pulse and Powernode, feature NAD direct digital technology. It's also integrated in their line of receivers, such as the NAD 758v3 and NAD 777v3.
# Barlborough

Barlborough is a village and civil parish in the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, England. According to the 2021 census it had a population of 2,855. The village is near junction 30 of the M1 motorway and is about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Bolsover.
Barlborough has two primary schools, one public and one private.

## Notable residents

* John Osborne, goalkeeper for West Bromwich Albion, who won an FA Cup winner's medal in 1967–68, was born here in 1940.
* Francis Rodes built nearby Barlborough Hall in the 1580s.
# Siege of Ōta Castle

The 1585 Siege of Ōta Castle (太田城の戦い, Ōta Jō no Tatakai) was one of a series of assaults made by Toyotomi Hideyoshi against the Ikkō-ikki religious zealots towards the end of Japan's Sengoku period. This battle followed the siege of Negoro-ji, in which Hideyoshi's forces burnt a temple complex to the ground; a number of the Saiga Ikki zealots escaped to nearby Ōta Castle, which was held by Ōta Munemasa.
Due to the topography of the area, Hideyoshi determined that he could not easily burn this fortress as he had the Negoro-ji; he decided to instead use flood tactics, as he had three years earlier in the siege of Takamatsu. The presence of the Ikki zealots was already straining Ōta's supplies of food and other resources even before the siege began. With the construction of a palisade and series of dikes roughly 300 meters from the castle, Hideyoshi began the process of isolating the castle from supplies, and flooding it, a process bolstered by heavy rains. At one point, part of the dike gave out, resulting in the drowning deaths of several of Hideyoshi's men. However, by the 22nd day of the fourth lunar month, the garrison could hold out no longer and surrendered; fifty samurai committed seppuku. As Hideyoshi took over the castle, he ordered all those from samurai families killed, while peasants were simply disarmed of all weapons, and sent back to their lords' fields.
# LCL S.A.

LCL S.A. is a major French banking network that is part of the Crédit Agricole group, with registered office in Lyon and administrative head office in Paris, France. It was established in 2005 from its predecessor the Crédit Lyonnais, and its name LCL refers to "Le Crédit Lyonnais". As of 2005, it served about 6 million customers in 2000 branches in France.

## Sponsorship

LCL sponsors the yellow jersey, worn by the race leader of the Tour de France cycling race. It awards a toy lion – le lion en peluche – to each day's winner as a play on its name. Crédit Lyonnais, the predecessor of LCL, first sponsored the Tour in 1981, and has sponsored the yellow jersey since 1987.

## Controversy

In 2010, the French government's Autorité de la concurrence (the department in charge of regulating competition) fined eleven French banks, including LCL S.A., the sum of 384,900,000 euros for colluding to charge unjustified fees on check processing, especially for extra fees charged during the transition from paper check transfer to "Exchanges Check-Image" electronic transfer.
# Portland Book Festival

Portland Book Festival (formerly Wordstock) is an annual literary festival held in Portland, Oregon, United States. The festival started in 2005, and is the largest festival of its kind in the Pacific Northwest. Events include author readings, writing contests and workshops, exhibits, and a book fair.

## Background

The festival, founded in 2005 by writer Larry Colton, is held by the non-profit Literary Arts, which also sponsors the Oregon Book Award. Venues include the Portland Art Museum, First Congregational United Church of Christ, The Old Church, the Oregon Historical Society, the Northwest Film Center, the Brunish Theatre, the Winningstad Theatre, and the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall. The Northwest Film Center collaborates with Literary Arts, sponsoring film screenings with writers discussing films that have influenced their works.
# Cladiscites

Cladiscites is an extinct genus of cephalopods in the ammonoid order Ceratitida. These nektonic carnivores lived during the Triassic, from Carnian to Rhaetian age.

## Distribution

Fossils of species within this family have been found in the Triassic of Afghanistan, Hungary, Italy, Oman, Tajikistan, United States and the East Indies.
# Operation Mavhoterapapi

Operation Mavhoterapapi (English: Operation Where You Put Your X), was a large scale Zimbabwean government campaign to punish those who supposedly voted for the Movement for Democratic Change in the 2008 presidential election rather than for ZANU-PF.
However, the campaign met with harsh condemnation from Zimbabwean opposition parties, church groups, non-governmental organizations, and the wider international community.
# Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (born 1977)

Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (Arabic: خالد بن بندر بن سلطان بن عبد ٱلعزيز آل سعود, romanized: Ḫālid bin Bandar bin Sulṭān bin ʿAbdu l ʿAzīz ʾĀl Suʿūd; born 1977) is the Saudi ambassador to the United Kingdom and a member of the House of Saud.

## Early life and education

Born in 1977 in Paris, Khalid bin Bandar is the son of Bandar bin Sultan and Haifa bint Faisal Al Saud. His paternal grandfather is Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. The parents of his mother are King Faisal bin Abdulaziz and Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan.
Khalid bin Bandar attended Eton College before going up to Pembroke College, Oxford, where he graduated in Oriental studies. He also attended Sandhurst Military Academy, graduating as a commissioned officer, before becoming a post-graduate at Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.

## Career

Khalid bin Bandar started his career working at the United Nations' department of political affairs in New York. He worked for three years as an advisor to the Saudi Ambassador in Washington DC. He is the executive chairman of Dayim Holdings founded in 2006. He is also an acting general manager of Al Hama Company, a Saudi-based retail company, and the chairman of Byblos Real Estate Development Company based in the United Arab Emirates.
In June 2017, he became the Saudi ambassador to Germany. In 2019, he was made the Saudi ambassador to the United Kingdom.

## Personal life

Khalid dated and lived with Vanessa Haydon, the future wife of Donald Trump Jr., from 1998 to 2001. They intended to marry, but broke up after the September 11 attacks when he left the U.S. after his father was suspected of having indirect ties to the hijackers.
In Oxford in March 2011, Khalid married Lucy Caroline Cuthbert (born 1982), daughter of John Aidan Cuthbert, of Beaufront Castle, Hexham, Northumberland, and Lady Victoria Lucy Diana (daughter of Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland), and thus, niece of Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland, at a ceremony attended by a handful of guests.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud (born 1977) :
# Siege of Kiso Fukushima

The 1554 siege of Kiso-Fukushima was a siege by Takeda Shingen on Fukushima Castle, in the Kiso River Valley of Shinano province. This was one of many battles fought during Shingen's campaign to seize control of Shinano.
Kiso Yoshiyasu, commander of the besieged castle, surrendered as his garrison ran out of food and water, as a result of Shingen's starvation siege tactics.
# Wacken, Schleswig-Holstein

Wacken is a municipality near the town of Itzehoe in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Wacken was first mentioned in 1148, but there were probably some settlements before, which is proven by the trove of Germanic artefacts.
Today, Wacken is famous for annually staging one of the world's biggest open air heavy metal festival, "Wacken Open Air", which has hosted popular metal acts such as Iron Maiden, Scorpions, Saxon, Alice Cooper, Deep Purple, Mötley Crüe, Slayer, Rammstein, Motörhead, Slipknot and Judas Priest, as well as local and perennial regulars, including Subway to Sally and Wacken's Firefighters' band. Every citizen gets free entry to the festival.
# Kalinin Square, Novosibirsk

Kalinin Square is a square in Zayeltsovsky District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is located at the intersection of Krasny Avenue and Dusi Kovalchuk Street. Perevozchikov Street is also adjacent to the square.

## Architecture

The architectural appearance of the square was formed in the 1960s. It is surrounded by three identical 7-storey residential buildings, 8-storey residential building, the building of the Novosibirsk Instrument-Building Plant and the Building of Design Organizations.

## Transport

Kalinin Square is one of the largest transport hubs on the right bank of Novosibirsk. There are stops for buses, trolleybuses, marshrutkas and trams, as well as 4 entrances to the Zayeltsovskaya Metro Station.
# Günther Berkus

Günther Werner Berkus was an artist, musician and film director from Cork, Ireland.
He was born on 20 April 1951 in Münchberg, Germany. As a teenager, he studied pharmacology at the University of Münster but rapidly switched to music and art. During that period, he discovered a love of electronic music and analog synthesizers which led him to playing with such people as Ralf Hütter and Florian Fricke. In the mid-1970s, he moved to Ireland where he made his home. He had been involved in contemporary art, performance art, computer graphics and fractal music production. He was one of the early pioneers of multimedia in Cork during the late 1980s/early 1990s with his unique series of Synergy workshops and concerts. He also participated in the Soundworks series of concerts, held at the Triskel Arts Centre and later in its successor, Intermedia.
In 1995 under the name of Synergy Media Labs, he was one of the first people to start Internet web hosting in the south-west of Ireland. Later he became involved in developing and curating the Bryce online galleries of 3D art works and was an internationally recognised innovator in the field of Bryce and MojoWorld image production. In 2017, he was awarded the Pioneering Musical Practice award at the IndieCork film festival.

## Personal life

He was related to the venture capitalist, Dave Berkus, designer Nate Berkus, and Josh Berkus of Software in the Public Interest. He died on 11 September 2020, following decades of living with multiple sclerosis. In 2021, the album "Still, Life - Cork’s Lockdown Sounds" by a collective of Cork independent musicians, was dedicated to his memory.
# Gil Kuhn

Gilbert James Kuhn (January 5, 1915 – April 12, 2006) was an American football player and coach. He played college football for the USC Trojans under head coach Howard Jones and was selected by the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National Football League (NFL) in the 1937 NFL draft.
Kuhn served as head coach of the 1943 Lowry Field Bombers football team. He was the head football coach at the University of San Diego in 1956.
Kuhn died from heart failure, on April 12, 2006.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall |
| Lowry Field Bombers (Independent) (1943) ||||||
| 1943 | Lowry Field | 1–3 |
| Lowry Field: | Lowry Field: | 1–3 |
| San Diego Pioneers (Independent) (1956) ||||||
| 1956 | San Diego | 2–3 |
| San Diego: | San Diego: | 1–3 |
| Total: | Total: | 3–6 |

### Junior college

| Year | Team | Conference | Standing |
| Glendale Vaqueros (Western Junior College Conference) (1938) ||||||
| 1938 | Glendale | 2–5 | 7th |
| Glendale: | Glendale: | 2–5 | |
| Total: | Total: | | |
# Villa Reynolds

33°44′S 65°23′W﻿ / ﻿33.733°S 65.383°W﻿ / -33.733; -65.383
Villa Reynolds is a town of the General Pedernera department on the San Luis Province, Argentina.
It has an airport that served the city and is also a military airbase home of the V Air Brigade of Argentine Air Force. In March 1973 two Skylark sounding rockets were launched from this location.

## Climate

Villa Reynolds has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with long, hot summers and short, cool winters.
Climate data for Villa Reynolds (1991–2020, extremes 1961–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 42.2 (108.0) | 42.6 (108.7) | 38.8 (101.8) | 35.8 (96.4) | 34.4 (93.9) | 31.6 (88.9) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.8 (100.0) | 38.0 (100.4) | 43.0 (109.4) | 41.0 (105.8) | 44.1 (111.4) | 44.1 (111.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) | 29.8 (85.6) | 28.0 (82.4) | 24.0 (75.2) | 20.3 (68.5) | 17.7 (63.9) | 17.1 (62.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.2 (77.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 24.6 (76.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.3 (73.9) | 21.6 (70.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 11.4 (52.5) | 8.0 (46.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 13.1 (55.6) | 16.9 (62.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.5 (72.5) | 15.7 (60.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) | 14.3 (57.7) | 12.6 (54.7) | 8.7 (47.7) | 4.9 (40.8) | 1.0 (33.8) | −0.3 (31.5) | 1.5 (34.7) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.9 (48.0) | 11.9 (53.4) | 14.3 (57.7) | 8.2 (46.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) | 1.8 (35.2) | −5.0 (23.0) | −8.5 (16.7) | −10.2 (13.6) | −12.0 (10.4) | −14.6 (5.7) | −13.1 (8.4) | −13.6 (7.5) | −4.7 (23.5) | −4.6 (23.7) | 0.6 (33.1) | −14.6 (5.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 102.8 (4.05) | 89.8 (3.54) | 96.2 (3.79) | 68.9 (2.71) | 31.7 (1.25) | 9.8 (0.39) | 10.5 (0.41) | 15.6 (0.61) | 35.4 (1.39) | 65.8 (2.59) | 92.4 (3.64) | 105.4 (4.15) | 724.3 (28.52) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.3 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 79.3 |
| Average snowy days | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66.9 | 72.1 | 75.1 | 75.9 | 77.4 | 75.0 | 70.8 | 63.3 | 60.9 | 63.0 | 62.0 | 62.1 | 68.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 279.0 | 237.3 | 229.4 | 183.0 | 164.3 | 156.0 | 179.8 | 195.0 | 210.0 | 229.4 | 261.0 | 285.2 | 2,609.4 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.0 | 8.4 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 7.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 67 | 68 | 59 | 60 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 64 | 62 | 60 |
| Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (percent sun 1961–1990) ||||||||||||||
# Siege of Tachibana

The 1569 siege of Tachibana was one of many battles fought for control of the island of Kyūshū during Japan's Sengoku period.
Mōri Motonari led the assault on the Ōtomo clan's Tachibana castle, which was held by Hetsugi Akitsura. The Mōri, who were one of the few Sengoku-period clans to make effective or extensive use of artillery, used cannons to secure their victory.
# Erbiopsidella

Erbiopsidella is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.
# Gabi Bauer

Gabi Bauer (born 21 July 1962 in Celle) is a German journalist and television presenter.

## Life

Bauer studied politics, pedagogic and philosophy in Hamburg, Hannover, Grenoble and Kalamazoo. She works for German broadcaster ARD in Tagesthemen. She is married to fellow journalist Ulrich Exner, with whom she has a pair of twin sons.

## Awards

* Deutscher Fernsehpreis
* Bambi
* Telestar
* Goldener Löwe
* 2000: Hanns Joachim Friedrichs Award