OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chester C. Cole

Chester Cicero Cole (4 June 1824 – 4 October 1913) was a justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from March 1, 1864 to January 19, 1876 appointed from Polk County, Iowa. He became chief justice in 1869. Cole was a founder of both Iowa law schools.

## Early life and family

He was born in Oxford, New York to Samuel Cole and his wife, Alice, (born Pullman). Cole graduated from Harvard Law School.
He married Miss Amanda M. Bennett on June 25, 1848, a daughter of Egbert and Gertrude Richtmyer Bennett The couple had seven children:
* Calvin S. — died young
* William Watson — married Frances Josephine Chapin, with whom he had three children. In 1888, he removed to Portland Ore where he was a lawyer and engaged in the lumber business; dying there November 17, 1894.
* Gertrude Alice — married railroad superintendent A. C. Atherton of Lewistown, Illinois, by whom she had three children
* Mary E. — married Des Moines lawyer D. C. McMartin, by whom she had four children; he died August 10, 1895
* Chester C. — died in infancy
* Frank B. — married Ella Jenkins, with whom he had two children; the couple resided in Havana, Illinois where Frank worked for the railroad
* Third daughter Carrie Stone married druggist J. R. Hurlbut of Hurlbut & McArthur, by whom she had one child

## Career

Following graduation, Cole practiced law in Marion, Kentucky, before moving to Iowa in 1857.
Cole's tenure on the Iowa Supreme Court began on March 1, 1864 and lasted until he resigned, effective Jan. 19, 1876. During this time, the court issued several important rulings supporting civil rights, including
* Clark v. Board of School Directors, finding school segregation unconstitutional and making Iowa the first court in the nation to issue such a ruling, predating, by 86 years, the landmark Supreme Court of the United States case Brown v. Board of Education.
* Smith v. The Directors of Ind. Sch. Dist. of Keokuk, 40 Iowa 518 (1875), where the court unanimously reaffirmed the Clark precedent and extended its scope to cover covert discrimination.
* The case of Arabella Mansfield, which made Iowa the first state to admit women to the practice of law.
With Justice George Grover Wright, Cole co-founded Iowa Law School in 1865, in Des Moines, which, in 1868, relocated to Iowa City, becoming the law department of the University of Iowa, later the University of Iowa College of Law.
In 1875, Cole left the University of Iowa and founded Iowa College of Law in Des Moines, which joined Drake University, upon its founding in 1881, later becoming Drake University Law School.
He is buried in Des Moines' Woodland Cemetery.
# Daniela Lionço

Daniela Cristine Lionço (born 1 January 1989) is a Brazilian racing cyclist. She has previously ridden for UCI Women's Teams ACS Chirio–Forno d'Asolo in 2010, and Servetto Footon in 2015.

## Major results

Source:

### 2008

    8th Copa América de Ciclismo

### 2015

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
    1st Omnium, National Track Championships
    1st Prova Ciclística 9 de Julho

### 2016

    1st Individual pursuit, National Track Championships
    1st Prova Ciclística 9 de Julho
    1st Shimano Fest Brazil
    4th Time trial, National Road Championships
    Pan American Road Championships
       9th Time trial
       10th Road race

### 2019

    3rd Madison, Pan American Track Championships (with Wellyda dos Santos)
# Flight training

Flight training is a course of study used when learning to pilot an aircraft. The overall purpose of primary and intermediate flight training is the acquisition and honing of basic airmanship skills.
Flight training can be conducted under a structured accredited syllabus with a flight instructor at a flight school or as private lessons with no syllabus with a flight instructor as long as all experience requirements for the desired pilot certificate/license are met.
Typically flight training consists of a combination of two parts:
* Flight Lessons given in the aircraft or in a certified Flight Training Device.
* Ground School primarily given as a classroom lecture or lesson by a flight instructor where aeronautical theory is learned in preparation for the student's written, oral, and flight pilot certification/licensing examinations.
Although there are various types of aircraft, many of the principles of piloting them have common techniques, especially those aircraft which are heavier-than-air types.
Flight schools commonly rent aircraft to students and licensed pilots at an hourly rate. Typically, the hourly rate is determined by the aircraft's Hobbs meter or Tach timer, therefore the student is only charged while the aircraft engine is running. Flight instructors can also be scheduled with or without an aircraft for pilot proficiency and recurring training.
The oldest flight training school still in existence is the Royal Air Force's (RAF's) Central Flying School formed in May 1912 at Upavon, United Kingdom. The oldest civil flight school still active in the world is based in Germany at the Wasserkuppe. It was founded as "Mertens Fliegerschule", and is currently named "Fliegerschule Wasserkuppe".

## Licences

The International Civil Aviation Organization sets global standards for Pilot licensing that are implemented and enforced by a country's Civil aviation authority. Pilots must first meet their country's requirements to obtain a Student pilot certificate which is used for training towards a Private Pilot Licence (PPL). They can then progress to a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL), and finally an Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL).
Some countries have a Light Aircraft Pilot Licence (LAPL), but this cannot be used internationally.
Separate licences are required for different aircraft categories, for example helicopters and aeroplanes.

## Ratings

A type rating, also known as an endorsement, is the process undertaken by a pilot to update their license to allow them to fly a different type of aircraft. A class rating covers multiple aircraft.
An instrument rating allows a pilot to fly under instrument flight rules (IFR). A night rating allows a pilot to fly at night (that is, outside of Civil twilight).
# Nicolae Rainea Stadium

The Nicolae Rainea Stadium, formerly known as Dunărea Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium, frequently used for football. It is located in Galați and was the home ground of CSU Galați and Dunărea Galaţi, among others. The stadium holds 23,000 people. Named after Nicolae Rainea, it is the 7th stadium in the country by capacity (List of football stadiums in Romania).

## Gallery

* Nicolae Rainea Stadium View from the Main Stand
* This article about a Romanian sports venue is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Madonna and Child with Two Donors (van Dyck)

Madonna and Child with Two Donors or The Madonna of the Two Donors is a 1630 painting by Anthony van Dyck, now in the Louvre, in Paris.
The identity of the two kneeling donors is unknown but they are probably a rich couple from Antwerp, where van Dyck was then working. It soon left its original location and is recorded in the collection of Louis XIV of France as early as 1685.
# Delhi–Amritsar high-speed rail corridor

Delhi–Amritsar High Speed Rail Corridor is a planned high-speed rail line connecting India's capital, New Delhi and Punjab's city Amritsar. It was one of the six new high-speed rail corridors planned in 2019.
The high-speed route connecting important cities of Northern India will cut short the distance from existing six hours to under two.

## Stations

The train would start from Dwarka in Delhi, and will have stoppages at Sonipat, Panipat, Kurukshetra, Ambala, Mohali, Ludhiana, Phagwara, Jalandhar and Amritsar.

### Amritsar–Jammu

According to the National Rail Plan (NRP) unveiled by the ministry of railways, the Delhi–Amritsar line would be extended until Jammu via Pathankot, in order to provide economic boost to Jammu as well as to improve tourism connectivity for Vaishno Devi.
# Self-portrait (van Dyck, Vienna)

The Self-portrait of 1613–1614 is the first surviving self-portrait by the Flemish artist Anthony van Dyck, showing him aged about fifteen. At that date he was still working for Hendrick van Balen but was about to join Peter Paul Rubens's studio. Self-portraiture was a typical artform in the Northern Renaissance and had already been used by Rubens and Jan van Eyck.
# Karl Dodd

Karl Dodd (born 13 November 1980, in Southport, Queensland, Australia) is an Australian former professional soccer player, who is currently head coach at NPL Queensland club Brisbane Roar Youth.

## Club career

He played for the Brisbane Strikers before being recruited by the Queensland Roar for the revamped A-League competition. After half a season with the Queensland Roar he signed for Romanian club FC Universitatea Craiova in January 2006. However, after failing to settle with the club he quickly moved on, joining Falkirk on a short-term contract in March 2006. After impressing manager John Hughes, it was announced on 15 May 2006 that Dodd had agreed a new one-year deal to stay at the club. On 19 May 2007, after turning down a contract extension at Falkrik, he signed a two-year contract with new A-League franchise Wellington Phoenix. He scored his first professional goal for Phoenix on 19 October 2008.
After two years at Wellington. Dodd turned down a three-year contract, and an offer from Newcastle Jets to try his luck in South Korea, "Karl's been an integral member of the Phoenix," Pignata said. "It's disappointing that we're parting company but we wish him all the best for the future." A cartilage problem in his knee prevented his fortune and returned to Australia for surgery and on return from injury signed for the remainder of the 2008–09 season with NSW Premier League team Sydney United FC.
After a strong pre-season he signed with A-League newcomer North Queensland Fury and made his debut against Sydney FC.
On 3 September 2011, Hong Kong First Division League side TSW Pegasus signed Dodd, who was given number 5 in the following season.

## Post playing career

On 5 June 2013, Dodd became the strength and conditioning coach of the Newcastle Jets FC.
In October 2014, Dodd accepted the position of Head Coach of the Western Pride FC Senior Men's Team in the National Premier League (Qld) however in June 2015 he left the club and joined Brisbane Roar FC to take up a position as the High Performance Manager. Karl resigned from his role as the High Performance Manager at Brisbane Roar FC on 25 March 2017, stating that he was seeking something that "aligns with my professional and personal values"
The Guam Football Association announced that Dodd had signed on as national team manager on 26 December 2017, starting in the next month. Dodd resigned from the post on 16 April 2021, to return home to Australia in order to deal with a family emergency.
On August 30, 2022, Brisbane City announced it had signed Dodd to coach its senior NPL Queensland men's team for the 2023 season.

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 17 April 2021
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Ref. |
| Team | From | To | P | W | D | L | Win % | Ref. |
| Guam | 1 January 2018 | 16 April 2021 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 020.0 | |
| Total | Total | Total | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 020.0 | — |
# Mumbai–Hyderabad high-speed rail corridor

The Mumbai–Hyderabad High Speed Rail Corridor is a planned high-speed rail line connecting India's economic hub Mumbai with the city of Hyderabad. When completed, it will be one of key links in India's high-speed rail line network along with Mumbai-Ahmedabad line.
Set to be the third high-speed rail line project of India involving Mumbai, this project will reduce the travel time between the two cities from existing 15 hours journey to around 3.5 hours journey. The terminal for this corridor may be built in Navi Mumbai, which is planned to be integrated with the currently under-construction international airport. Besides the airport, it will be linked with Navi Mumbai Metro and the connectivity is further set to expand with a connection to the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, work on which is underway.

## Stations

Planned stations - Navi Mumbai, Lonavla, Pune, Daund, Akluj, Pandharpur, Solapur, Kalaburagi, Zaheerabad and Hyderabad.
# Aptekar

Aptekar is an Indian and Russian-language surname. "Аптекарь" in Russian literally means "pharmacist". While in India, it is a common surname from the chitpawan community. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lev Aptekar (born 1936), Soviet-New Zealand chess master, coach, and writer
* Raphail Aptekar [ru] (1936-2020), Soviet and Russian astrophysicist
* Valerian Borisovich Aptekar (1899–1937), Russian historian and linguist
# Trickvallen

Trickvallen is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the barony of Dungannon Upper and the civil parish of Arboe and covers an area of 279 acres.
The name derives from the Irish: tric bhallen (a small cup or churn-shaped hill).
In 1841 the population of the townland was 238 people (54 houses) and in 1851 it was 208 people (42 houses).
# Čika Dača Stadium

Čika Dača Stadium (Serbian: Стадион Чика Дача) is a multi-use stadium in Kragujevac, Serbia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FK Radnički 1923 and Kragujevac Wild Boars. The stadium was named in memory of Danilo Stojanović, known as Čika Dača, who is considered to be a pioneer of football in Serbia.

## History

The construction of the stadium began in November 1949 and took eight years for various reasons. Finally, the club's new football home was finished on 6 June 1957. The newly built stadium has received 30,000 spectators and the first game which was played on, was between Radnički Kragujevac and Partizan Belgrade and it ended 2-2. The largest attendance in a Yugoslav First League game was on 24 August 1969 when Radnički played against Hajduk Split in front of a crowd of 35,000. The largest attendance ever recorded in the stadium took place in 1969 when Radnički played a friendly match against Santos at which 40,000 spectators came to watch the legendary Pelé play in Yugoslavia for the first time.
In 2007, the stadium underwent a refurbishment, which included the installation of 15,100 bucket seats. However, in 2012, seats were removed from the nine northeasternmost sectors of the stadium. The stadium remained limited by the lack of floodlights, restricting game schedules to daylight hours.

### Failed plans to build new stadium

In May 2023, the construction works of a new 20,000 seater stadium had been expected to start, costing around €70,000,000.
In January 2024, the government suspended the process due to all received offers surpassing the predetermined maximum budget for the project by at least 50%. Later in 2024, the plans to rebuit the stadium were abandoned, with the new stadium now planned in a separate location near the Maršić settlement.
The stadium underwent a minor refurbishment instead, with floodlights being installed and is planned as a training facility in the future, according to the Mayor of Kragujevac. FSS aided €500,000 for the process.

## Concerts

* Zdravko Čolić - 6 July 2004

## Gallery

* Crveni Đavoli at Stadion Čika Dača
* Inside the stadium
# Tom Dimmick

Thomas Evans Dimmick (May 1, 1931 – April 3, 2023) was an American and Canadian football player who played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Philadelphia Eagles and Dallas Texans. He won the Grey Cup with Hamilton in 1957. He played college football University of Houston and was drafted in the 1956 NFL draft by the Eagles (Round 10, #113 overall). He started off his career with them in 1956 before going to Hamilton to play for the 1957 season. He then played for Dallas in the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. Dimmick died on April 3, 2023, at the age of 91.
# Theatrix Interactive

Theatrix Interactive, Inc. was a software company that produced such computer games as Hollywood, Hollywood High, Bumptz Science Carnival, Snootz Math Trek, and the Juilliard Music Adventure. The company was founded in 1982 by Joyce Hakansson with the ambition to create educational software.
Originally called Berkeley Learning Technologies, Hakansson's company created more than 50 children's products for other software publishers including Edmark, Broderbund, and Davidson. Award-winning titles include "Millie's Math House" and "Bailey¹s Book House," published by Edmark, and "The Cruncher," published by Davidson. In addition to software programs, the company designed and produced titles for electronic learning toy companies including Sega, Texas Instruments, Tiger Electronics, and many others.
In May, 1995, the company announced its move into the publishing arena under a new name: Theatrix Interactive, Inc.
On August 12, 1997, Sanctuary Woods acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Theatrix.
# Office of the Chief of the Defence Staff (Sri Lanka)

The Office of the Chief of Defence Staff (OCDS) was the Sri Lanka Armed Forces operational level headquarters of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), responsible for coordinating joint armed force's operations.
It was formerly known as the Joint Operations Headquarters (JOH). The JOH was created in 1999 replacing the civilian Joint Operations Bureau which had existed briefly in 1999. The origins of the JOH could be traced back to the Joint Operations Command (JOC) established in 1985 due to the need of co-ordination of operations among the tri-services and the police with the escalation of the Sri Lankan Civil War. The head of the JOC is the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), currently. The duties of the CDS was extended by the Chief of Defence Staff Act No. 35 of 2009. JOH was located in Colombo.
# Ume Kenjirō

Ume Kenjirō (梅 謙次郎, July 24, 1860 – August 26, 1910) was a legal scholar in Meiji period Japan, and a founder of Hosei University.

## Life and career

Ume was born the second son of the domain doctor of Matsue domain, Izumo Province (present-day Shimane Prefecture)Chūgoku region, Japan. He was sent to study French at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, and upon graduation was employed by the Ministry of Justice. He also taught at Tokyo Imperial University. Ume was sent by the government for advanced studies to the University of Lyon in France in 1886, completing his studies in 1889. After an additional year of study at the Humboldt University of Berlin in Germany, he returned to Japan in 1890. He was awarded the degree of doctorate of law by University of Lyon in 1891.
On his return, Ume became embroiled in the Civil Code controversy, and urged the immediate adoption of the code as drawn up by French foreign advisor to the government, Gustave Emile Boissonade. When the adoption of the code was delayed in 1892, he appealed to Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi to establish a committee to prepare the new draft, and was chosen to be a member of the new committee in 1893. Together with Hozumi Nobushige and Tomii Masaaki, he is regarded as the father of Japan's civil law, which was put into effect in 1898.
In 1894, Ume was one of a group of lawyers who established the Tokyo Law School, the forerunner of present-day Hosei University, of which he served as president in 1899.
In 1906, he was asked by Itō to help codify the laws for the Japanese protectorate of Korea. He died in Keijo (Seoul) in 1910, of typhoid fever at the age of 50. He was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1st class) on his deathbed, one day before he died. His grave is at Gokoku-ji in Tokyo.

## References & further reading

* Hozumi, Nobushige. The new Japanese civil code,: As material for the study of comparative jurisprudence. Maruzen 1912. ASIN: B000870Z46
* Marshall Byron K. "Professors and Politics: The Meiji Academic Elite". Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Winter, 1977), pp. 71–97
* Oda, Hiroshi. Japanese Law. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0199248109
# Shebah

Shebah (Arabic: شيباه) is an agricultural settlement on the plains beneath and east of the eastern escarpment of the Eritrean highlands which forms part of the Northern Red Sea administrative region with its capital in Massawa. It is situated about halfway on the She'eb-Gahtelai road and is also the end-point of a gravel road which traverses the eastern escarpment and has its other end-point at the highland town of Serejeqa on the Asmara-Keren asphalt road. Shebah like She'eb was the site of a massacre at the hands of Ethiopian occupational troops in 1988, but has since largely recovered, with its exiled population returning and engaging in agriculture.
* This Eritrea location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# WFF 'N PROOF

WFF 'N PROOF is a game of modern logic, developed to teach principles of symbolic logic. It was developed by Layman E. Allen in 1962 a former professor of Yale Law School and the University of Michigan.

## Rules

As marketed in the 1960s WFF 'N PROOF was a series of 20 games of increasing complexity, varying with the logical rules and methods available.
All players must be able to recognize a "well-formed formula" (WFF in Łukasiewicz notation), to assemble dice values into valid statements (WFFs) and to apply the rules of logical inference so as to complete a proof. Games are played by two or more people. The first player to roll the cubes sets a WFF as a Goal. Each player then tries to construct (with whatever is available) a complete logical proof of the goal. The Solution to the goal is the Premises which they started their proof with, and the Rules they used to get to the Goal.
Players take turns moving to the Essentials, Permitted Premises, or Permitted Rules sections of the mat. Any cube moved to Essentials must be used in any Solution, and must be an essential part of that solution; any cube value in Permitted Premises may be used as part of a premise; any cube value in Permitted Rules may be used as part of a Rule. Thus the players themselves shape the Solution, forcing one another to create new Solutions in response to moves.
At any point a player may challenge the last mover, if they feel the last mover has made a mistake. There are three types of Challenges. A-Flub means that the Challenger can make a Solution using the cubes in Required and Permitted and one more cube from Resources. P-Flub, or Challenge Impossible means the player believes the Mover cannot make a Solution using the cubes in Required, Permitted, and Resources. C-A-Flub means that the Challenger believes that the Mover, or some previous mover, missed an A-Flub. After a challenge, at least one player must show a correct Solution on paper.
The scoring goes like this:
   The player who wins the challenge scores 10 points. The loser of the challenge scores 6. If there is a third player, he must side with or against the Challenger and scores points depending upon that decision.

## Name

The name is a play on Whiffenpoofs, an a cappella singing group established at Yale University in 1909.

## Reviews

* Games & Puzzles
# Kowon station

Kowŏn station is a railway station of the Korean State Railway in Kowŏn-ŭp, Kowŏn County, South Hamgyŏng, North Korea. It is the junction where the P'yŏngra Line, which connects P'yŏngyang to Rajin, meets the Kangwŏn Line running from Kowŏn to P'yŏnggang.

## History

Kowŏn station, along with the rest of the Okp'yŏng–Kowŏn–Kŭmya section of the former Hamgyong Line, was opened by the Japanese on 21 September 1916.