OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yamada Sōbi

Yamada Sōbi (山田宗美) (December 23, 1871 – March 15, 1916) was a Japanese metallurgic artist.

## Biography

He was born in Kaga, Ishikawa. His given name was Chozaburo. He was the son of Yamada Munemitsu (died 1908), a ninth-generation armorer, who learned metal-hammering in a Myochin-school studio.
He devised a proprietary technology that hammered out three-dimensional vases and okimono figurines from one piece of iron plate. He became a master craftsman in this technique and was exhibited at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904, where he won a prize. He was nominated to be an Imperial Household Artist, before he died at age 44.
One of his disciples was Sosei Kurose (1886-1944), and his disciple was Sokyu Yamashita (died around 1975) who in turn had no disciples of his own. The art of how Yamada was able to complete his works was lost. His works are highly priced and are collected by museums and private owners. An oviform iron vase with short everted neck, finely hammered in low relief with a heron in water by reeds, about 38.7 cm high achieved a sale at an auction by Christie's in April 2016 for a price of USD 30,000.

## Works

* Lion and Lioness
* Pigeon on roof tile, Kaga City Art Museum
* Rabbit, which has ears that are 11 cm long. Kaga City Art Museum
# Casa Calvet

Casa Calvet (Catalan pronunciation:) is a building, designed by Antoni Gaudí for a textile manufacturer which served as both a commercial property (in the basement and on the ground floor) and a residence. It is located at Carrer de Casp 48, Eixample district of Barcelona. It was built between 1898 and 1900.
Gaudí scholars agree that this building is the most conventional of his works, partly because it had to be squeezed in between older structures and partly because it was sited in one of the most elegant sections of Barcelona. Its symmetry, balance and orderly rhythm are unusual for Gaudí's works. However, the curves and double gable at the top, the projecting oriel at the entrance — almost baroque in its drama, and isolated witty details are modernista elements.
Bulging balconies alternate with smaller, shallower balconies. Mushrooms above the oriel at the center allude to the owner's favorite hobby.
Columns flanking the entrance are in the form of stacked bobbins — an allusion to the family business of textile manufacture. Lluís Permanyer claims that "the gallery at ground level is the façade's most outstanding feature, a daring combination of wrought iron and stone in which decorative historical elements such as a cypress, an olive tree, horns of plenty, and the Catalan coat of arms can be discerned".
Three sculpted heads at the top also allude to the owner: One is Sant Pere Màrtir Calvet i Carbonell (the owner's father) and two are patron saints of Vilassar, Andreu Calvet's home town.
Between 1899 and 1906, the Arts Building Annual Award (Concurso annual de edificios artísticos) awarded modernist pieces, like the Casa Calvet, the Casa Lleó Morera and the Casa Trinxet.
# 1970 Asunción Israeli Embassy attack

The 1970 Asunción Israeli Embassy shooting was a terrorist attack on May 4, 1970, that took place at the Israeli embassy building in Asunción, Paraguay. Two embassy secretaries were shot by two Palestinian men rumored to have belonged to Fatah. It was the first attack against an Israeli embassy.

## Attack

On the morning of May 4, 1970, at approximately 10:30 a.m., two young Arab men approached the reception of the Israeli Embassy building in Asunción, Paraguay, asking to see the Israeli ambassador to Paraguay, Benjamin Varon. Embassy secretaries Diana Zawluk and Edna Peer tended to the pair and informed them that the ambassador was not present at the time. The two men then left. An hour later, at around 11:30 a.m., they returned to the embassy and opened fire at the two women who had spoken to them earlier. Peer died later at a hospital and Zahluk was critically injured. The perpetrators fled before being apprehended by police shortly after.

## Perpetrators

In subsequent investigations by the National Police, it was revealed that both attackers were of Palestinian origin and were reported to be members of the Fatah organization - an organization that had begun its armed struggle against Israel in the 1960's. They were identified as Miguel Adapo and Cando Kalek. A third suspected accomplice was sought by police.
# 2006 Shiyyah airstrike

The 2006 Shiyyah airstrike was an attack by the Israel Air Force (IAF) on the Shiyyah suburb in the Lebanese capital of Beirut on August 7, 2006, during the 2006 Lebanon War. Two missiles fired from an IDF bomber destroyed three apartment buildings in the suburb. Contemporary news accounts stated that the death toll from the airstrikes rose as recovery efforts continued, with 50 corpses recovered at the time of reportage and 61 anticipated.

## Timeline of events

The nearby area of Haret Hreik, described as "Hizbollah's stronghold", had been targeted over a four-week period prior to the attack on Shiyyah, which had not been targeted by the IAF earlier. Around 8 pm local time, an IAF missile hit a five-storey residential apartment block in Hijaj Street, just outside central Beirut, killing a number of civilians and wounding other residents.
The area is a densely populated residential district and predominantly Shi'a. Businesses in Hijaj Street include a supermarket, a hairdressing salon, a fishmonger, a greengrocer's and a mobile phone shop, with an internet cafe in the basement of the apartment block. Residents stated that there was no Hezbollah activity in the area. Many of the people killed and wounded were refugees from previous violence in South Lebanon.
Fifteen of the dead were from the Remaiti family which owned a residential building in Asaad al-Assad street. According to survivors, before the missiles exploded, an Israeli drone flew over the Shiyyah district. At the same time, it is reported that a young boy drove down Assaad al-Assad street on a motorcycle and fired into the sky with a rifle opposite the Remaiti home. Not long afterwards, the building was hit by two missiles.

### Medical and humanitarian response

Residents of Shiyyah, along with Lebanese Civil Defense and Red Cross workers, worked at trying to remove rubble after the attack before the rest of the building collapsed.
Immediately following the attack some of the wounded were taken to Hayat Hospital, Beirut.

## Casualties

Initial reports put the figure at five dead. Reports following this had the figures at 15 to 17 residents killed with 40 wounded. Lebanese police said on August 8 that the confirmed figure of 30 dead could rise as recovery attempts continued. By August 9 the figure of dead was placed at 41 with the recovery efforts continuing.
By August 11 the Lebanese Health Minister Mohamad Khalifeh, said 50 bodies had been recovered and 61 were expected to be recovered, as 11 civilians that were known to be in the building were still unaccounted. Minister Khalifeh said: "There is no way to know for certain how many were killed. There were many displaced people in the building who are still unaccounted for."
# Christians for Fair Witness on the Middle East

Christians for Fair Witness on the Middle East is a Christian organization working to correct bias against Israel in the North American Christian community.
National Director Sr. Ruth Lautt, OP, Esq., told a reporter that she believes that the "one-sided, unbalanced approach" on the Middle East taken by many mainline churches is the result of "shallow understanding" of the Arab-Israel conflict. In 2008, Fair Witness worked with members of the United Methodist Church to stop the denomination from divesting from its investments in Israeli companies.
# Death of Omar Assad

Omar Assad (aka Omar As'ad) was a 78-year-old American man who died on 12 January 2022 in the custody of Israeli forces. He was detained by troops from the Netzah Yehuda Battalion at a checkpoint at the village of Jilijliya, north of Ramallah. He was handcuffed, gagged and forced to lie on his stomach for between 20 minutes and an hour, dying from a stress-induced cardiac arrest. U.S. State Department spokesman Ned Price said U.S. officials requested "clarification" of events from Israel, saying "We support a thorough investigation into the circumstances." The Israeli authorities announced an investigation. An army report called the incident a "moral failure and poor decision-making."
Subsequently, the U.S. State Department showed particular interest in the Netzah Yehuda battalion. Hady Amr, the administration's point person on Israel-Palestine, visited Assad's family and the U.S. Embassy in Israel was asked to prepare a report on the battalion.
On 9 October, Israel's defense ministry said it would pay the family of the deceased 500,000 shekels (US$141,000) On 16 October, the family of the deceased said they rejected compensation offered in return for dismissing a lawsuit they had submitted before US and Israeli courts.
On 10 November 2022, the Israeli military's legal authority said it was preparing to indict two officers, one who commanded the force at the checkpoint and another in charge of guarding detainees. At the end of November, Israel announced that the Netzah Yehuda battalion would be moved from the West Bank to the Golan Heights but denied that this was related to controversial incidents over the past year including the death of Assad.
In June 2023, the Israeli military announced that soldiers involved in the detention of Omar Assad would be punished but not charged. The military advocate general said there would be no criminal prosecution because a military medic had found it impossible to determine that Omar Assad's death was caused specifically by the soldiers' conduct. Following the Israeli announcement, the United States said that it was seeking more information from the Israeli government about the decision.
In 2024, it was reported that the Biden administration was considering imposing sanctions against the Netzah Yehuda Battalion for its violations of the human rights of the Palestinian people, but in August of this year, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced he ultimately decided to hold off any such action on the grounds that the battalion's problems had allegedly been remedied. Relatives and acquaintances of Assad have voiced outrage at the US decision, which they see as evidence of double standards and that the US government treats Palestinian lives as disposable.
# 1963 Scottish League Cup final

The 1963 Scottish League Cup final was played on 26 October 1963 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and it was the final of the 18th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Rangers and Morton, and Rangers won by a score of 5–0.

## Match details

RANGERS: :
| GK | Billy Ritchie |
| FB | Bobby Shearer |
| FB | David Provan |
| RH | John Greig |
| CH | Ron McKinnon |
| LH | Jim Baxter |
| RW | Willie Henderson |
| IF | Alex Willoughby |
| CF | Jim Forrest |
| IF | Ralph Brand |
| LW | Craig Watson |
| Manager: ||||
| Scot Symon ||||
MORTON : :
| GK | Alex Brown |
| FB | John Boyd |
| FB | Jimmy Mallon |
| RH | Jim Reilly |
| CH | Jim Kiernan |
| LH | Hugh Strachan |
| RW | Bobby Adamson |
| IF | Bobby Campbell |
| CF | Morris Stevenson |
| IF | Allan McGraw |
| LW | Jimmy Wilson |
| Manager: ||||
| Hal Stewart ||||
# Uranyl hydroxide

Uranyl hydroxide is a hydroxide of uranium with the chemical formula UO$_2$(OH)$_2$ in the monomeric form and [(UO$_2$)$_2$(OH)$_4$]$^{2-}$ in the dimeric; both forms may exist in normal aqueous media. In aerobic conditions, up to 5 hydroxides can bind to uranyl ([(UO$_2$)$_2$(OH)$_5$]$^{3-}$). Uranyl hydroxide hydrate is precipitated as a colloidal yellowcake from oxidized uranium liquors near neutral pH.
Uranyl hydroxide was once used in glassmaking and ceramics in the colouring of the vitreous phases and the preparation of pigments for high temperature firing. The introduction of alkaline diuranates (like sodium diuranate) into glasses leads to yellow by transmission, green by reflection; moreover these glasses become dichroic and fluorescent under ultraviolet rays.
Uranyl hydroxide is teratogenic and radioactive.

## Formation

The formation of uranyl hydroxide hydrate can occur via hydrated uranyl fluoride [(UO$_2$F$_2$)(H$_2$O)]$_7$·4H$_2$O which is not stable at an elevated water vapor pressure. A complete loss of fluorine is undergone and the formation of uranyl hydroxide hydrate ([(UO$_2$)$_4$O(OH)$_6$]·5H$_2$O) occurs. This uranyl hydroxide species is structurally similar to the uranyl hydroxide hydrate minerals schoepite and metaschoepite. X-ray diffraction data was gathered and found that this species has expanded interlayer spacing suggesting there may be additional water molecules in between uranyl layers. Unlike metaschoepite, however, this species does not form UO$_2$(OH)$_2$ upon dehydration.

## Reactions

* [UO$_2$(OH)]$^+$ + H$_2$O → [(UO$_2$(OH)(H$_2$O)]$^+$
* [(UO$_2$(OH)(H$_2$O)]$^+$ + H$_2$O → [(UO$_2$(OH)(H$_2$O)$_2$]$^+$
UO$_2$(OH)$_2$ reacts with water in a hydration reaction to form [(UO$_2$(OH)$_2$)(H$_2$O)]$^+$ and the monohydrate form also reacted with water to form dihydrates [(UO$_2$OH)(H$_2$O)$_2$]$^+$ and trihydrates [(UO$_2$OH)(H$_2$O)$_3$]$^+$. The hydration reaction to form the monohydrate was significantly slower than if the hydroxide were replaced with acetate or nitrate. This could be due to the strongly basic (OH)$^−$ reducing the Lewis acidity of U or because the more complex acetate and nitrate anions provide more degrees of freedom. However, it was found that the formation of the dihydrate uranyl hydroxide hydrate (2) was nearly three times faster than the monohydrate (1).
A mechanism for oxygen exchange between the UO$_2$$^{2+}$ cations in a highly alkaline solution was proposed and investigated by Shamov et al. in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. An equilibrium between [UO$_2$(OH)$_4$]$^{2-}$ and [UO$_2$(OH)$_5$]$^{3-}$ was observed followed by the formation of the stable [UO$_3$(OH)$_3$·H$_2$O]$^{3-}$ intermediate that formed from [UO$_2$(OH)$_5$]$^{3-}$ via intramolecular water elimination.
# Blekinge Fotbollförbund

The Blekinge Fotbollförbund (Blekinge Football Association) is one of the 24 district organisations of the Swedish Football Association. It administers lower tier football in Blekinge County.

## Background

Blekinge Fotbollförbund, commonly referred to as Blekinge FF, is the governing body for football in the County of Blekinge. The Association was founded on 25 March 1917 and currently has 63 member clubs. Based in Karlshamn, the Association's Chairman is Per-Ola Johansson.

## Affiliated Members

The following clubs are affiliated to the Blekinge FF:
* AIK Atlas
* Ankaret FK
* Asarums FF
* Asarums IF FK
* Backaryd SK
* Belganet-Hallabro IF
* Björkenäs-Pukaviks IF
* BK Eken
* BK Glasbacken
* BK Union
* Blåningsmåla IF
* Drottningskärs IF
* Eringsboda SK
* FC Fridhem
* FC Giffarna
* Fjärdsjömåla AIF
* FK Sölvesborg United
* Fridlevstad GoIF
* Gammalstorps GoIF
* Gränums IF
* Halasjö AIF
* Hällaryds IF
* Hanö IF
* Hasselstad BK
* Hasslö GoIF
* Hemsjö AIK
* Hoby GIF
* Högadals IS
* Hörvikens IF
* IF Lörbytjejerna
* IF Trion
* IFK Karlshamn
* Jämjö GoIF
* Jämshögs IF
* Johannishus SK
* Kallinge SK
* Karlskrona AIF
* Karlskrona FC
* Karlskrona FF
* Karlskrona FK
* Kristianopels GoIF
* Listerby IK
* Lörby IF
* Lyckeby GoIF
* Märserums IF
* Mjällby AIF
* Mörrums GoIS FK
* Nättraby GoIF
* Olofströms IF
* Ramdala IF
* Ringamåla IK
* Rödeby AIF
* Rödeby FC
* Ronneby BK
* Saxemara IF
* Sifarna FF
* Sillhövda AIK
* Sölve BK
* Sölvesborgs GoIF
* Svängsta IF
* Torhamns GoIF
* Tvings GoIF
* Vilshults IF

## League Competitions

Blekinge FF run the following League Competitions:

### Men's Football

Division 4 - one section Division 5 - one section Division 6 - two sections

### Women's Football

Division 4 - one section Division 5 - one section

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Blekinge Fotbollförbund" (in Swedish). Blekinge Fotbollförbund. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
* 1 2 3 4 "Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar - Blekinge Fotbollförbund" (in Swedish). Swedish Football Association. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
# François Rozenthal

François Rozenthal (born 20 June 1975) is a French former professional ice hockey player.

## Personal

Rozenthal is Jewish, and is the identical twin brother of Maurice Rozenthal, who is also a French ice hockey player.

## Ice hockey career

He has been affiliated with Gothiques d'Amiens, in Amiens, France, and IF Björklöven, in Umeå, Sweden.
Rozenthal participated for France in ice hockey, playing on the France men's national ice hockey team, in both the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, and the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
In 2006, he represented France against Great Britain in the World Championship, Division One.

### Awards

* 1995–9: French League Best Young Player "Jean-Pierre Graff Trophy"
* 2003–04: French League Most Points "Charles Ramsey Trophy" (40)
* 2004–09: French All-Star Team
# LNER Class K5

The London and North Eastern Railway Class K5 consisted of a single rebuild of LNER Class K3 2-6-0 No. 206 (later No. 61863), rebuilt in 1945 by Edward Thompson. The rebuilt locomotive had a new boiler and two, instead of three, cylinders following earlier rebuilds of other Gresley designs. The aim of the rebuilds was to move away from the well established three cylinder policy achieving similar results through higher boiler pressure and two larger cylinders. Easier maintenance and greater availability was the objective. This locomotive was withdrawn in 1960, and later scrapped.

## Sources

* Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives, part 4 (1948 ed.). p. 17.
# Male Lašče

Male Lašče (pronounced; German: Kleinlaschitz) is a village immediately north of Velike Lašče in central Slovenia. The Municipality of Velike Lašče is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name Male Lašče literally means 'little Lašče', distinguishing the town from the neighboring town of Velike Lašče (literally, 'big Lašče'). The name of the settlements was first attested in written sources in 1145 as Lasis (and as Lasissa in 1251, and Lasitsch in 1256). The medieval transcriptions indicate that the name was originally *Lašiče, an accusative plural form of the patronymic Lašič, derived from the name Lah—thus meaning 'the place where Lah's people live'. The name Lah is derived from Vlah and originally referred to the Romanized Celtic population, and later to Romance speakers, including Italians and Uskoks. In the past the German name was Kleinlaschitz.

## Church

The local church, built in the southern part of the settlement next to the main road from Rašica to Velike Lašče, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and belongs to the Parish of Velike Lašče. It was built in 1728 and contains frescos dating to 1735.
# Memorial by Windsor

Windsor Memorial is a 25-story apartment building containing 274 units, with a smaller structure containing 60 lofts located on 3.3 acres (1.3 ha) and located along Memorial Drive in Houston, Texas and managed by Windsor Communities.
# Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator

33°53′35″N 35°30′27″E﻿ / ﻿33.89294°N 35.50758°E﻿ / 33.89294; 35.50758
The Cathedral of Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator (Armenian: Սուրբ Եղիա – Սուրբ Գրիգոր Լուսաւորիչ եկեղեցի) is a cathedral of the Armenian Catholic Church in Debbas Square in downtown Beirut, Lebanon. Construction was funded in 1928 by Pope Pius XI. It is the cathedra of the Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia. The order in which the two eponymous saints are presented in the cathedral's name, Saint Elias and Saint Gregory the Illuminator, is not fixed.
The architecture of the cathedral reflects some changes from traditional Armenian architecture, drawing artistic inspiration from Rome.
* Interior
* Exterior
# Osteotome

An osteotome is an instrument used for cutting or preparing bone. Osteotomes are similar to a chisel but bevelled on both sides. They are used today in plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery and dental implantation.
The chain osteotome, originally referred to simply as the osteotome, was invented by the German physician Bernhard Heine in 1830. This device is essentially a small chainsaw.
# Émile Delchambre

Émile Henri Delchambre (3 December 1875 in Roubaix – 8 September 1958 in Roubaix) was a French rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics.
He was part of the French boat Cercle de l'Aviron Roubaix, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours.
# GWR 2201 Class

The GWR 2201 Class was a class of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge 2-4-0 steam locomotives built at Swindon Works under the aegis of William Dean for express passenger service on the Great Western Railway. Built in 1881–82, they were numbered 2201 to 2220.

## Design

They were ssentially a continuation of Joseph Armstrong's 806 Class of 1873. They differed from the originals in having a cab and a domeless boiler from the start.

## Use

The 2201s were widely distributed over the GWR system. Members of the class were in use on the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway around 1910. They were all withdrawn by the end of 1921.
# LNER Class O4

The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Class O4 initially consisted of the 131 ex-Great Central Railway (GCR) Class 8K 2-8-0 steam locomotives acquired on grouping in 1923. The engines were designed by John G. Robinson and built at the GCR's Gorton Locomotive Works, Manchester.

## O4 History post 1923

The O4s were added to when the LNER purchased 273 ex-Railway Operating Division ROD 2-8-0s to the same design between 1923 and 1927. Meanwhile, the 19 GCR Class 8M (LNER Class O5) were rebuilt as O4 standard during the 1920s and 1930s. 92 O4 locomotives were requisitioned by the War Department during World War II and shipped during late 1941 for operation in the Middle East.
The O4 class were used to haul heavy freight trains throughout the LNER system. 329 engines remained in operation at 1 January 1948.

## Sub-classes

The LNER rebuilt many, allotting them into eight subclasses. Sub-class details:
* O4/1, Introduced 1911. Robinson GCR design with small boiler, Belpaire firebox, steam and vacuum brakes and water scoop.
* O4/2, Introduced 1925. O4/3 with cabs and boiler mountings reduced.
* O4/3, Introduced 1917. ROD locos with steam brake only and no water scoop.
* O4/4, Rebuilt with O2 boiler, extended rear frames and side window cab, since rebuilt again.
* O4/5, Rebuilt with shortened O2-type boiler (Diagram 15A). Retained GCR style cab
* O4/6, Introduced 1924. Rebuilt from O5 retaining higher cab. 63914-20 with side windows. All cabs eventually reduced in height.
* O4/7, Introduced 1939. Rebuilt with shortened O2-type boiler (Diagram 15D), retaining GCR smokebox.
* O4/8, Introduced 1944. Rebuilt with B1 boiler (Diagram 100A) and B1 style side window cab.
In 1944, 58 O4s were rebuilt with 100A boiler, Walschaerts valve gear and new cylinders at Gorton Works, then classified O1.

## British Railways

The surviving 329 Class O4 locomotives passed to British Railways (BR) on 1 January 1948. They were then widely operated on freight trains throughout the Eastern and North Eastern regions of BR. The locomotives were given BR numbers in the range 63570-63920, but this range included 58 locomotives which had been rebuilt as Class O1. Withdrawal of O4 engines by BR commenced in 1959 and the last engine was taken out of service in the Doncaster area in April 1966.

## Preservation

An O4/1, GCR No. 102, BR No. 63601, is part of the extensive National Collection. Since 1996, this locomotive has been kept at the preserved Great Central Railway at Loughborough, Leicestershire. The locomotive was overhauled in the late 1990s and returned to working use in January 2000. A further three Robinson 2-8-0s were exported and survive in preservation in New South Wales, Australia.