OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Basic Income Alliance

The Basic Income Alliance (German: Bündnis Grundeinkommen, abbreviated BGE) is a German single-issue political party that advocates for an unconditional basic income. It was founded in September 2016 in Munich. The Basic Income Alliance gained 97,539 votes at the German federal election 2017 and reached 0.2%.

## Overview

The Basic Income Alliance sees an unconditional basic income as a central possibility to counteract what it sees as a widening income gap. Technical progress, the automation of production processes, the resulting unemployment and low-paid gainful employment lead to a division in society that must be overcome in order to maintain social peace.

## Election results

| Election | Chamber | Votes | Vote % | Seats |
| 2017 Saarland state election | State Landtag | 286 | 0.1% | 0 |
| 2017 North Rhine-Westphalia state election | State Landtag | 5,260 | 0.1% | 0 |
| 2017 German federal election | Bundestag | 97,539 | 0.2% | 0 |
| 2017 Lower Saxony state election | State Landtag | 5,125 | 0.1% | 0 |
| 2019 European Parliament election | European Parliament | 40,834 | 0.1% | 0 |
| 2019 Bremen state election | Bürgerschaft of Bremen | 5,939 | 0.4% | 0 |
| 2019 Thuringia state election | Landtag of Thuringia | 2,700 | 0.2% | 0 |

## Other "basic income parties"

There are a number of other political parties in other countries that are formed solely around a universal basic income proposal. These include:
* Basinkomstpartiet, Sweden
* The Basic Income Party, Korea (Korean: 기본소득당; Hanja: 基本所得黨)
* The Base (Dutch: De Basis)
Other political parties also include universal basic income among their policies but do not exclusively focus on it.
# Owen Davis Jr.

Owen Gould Davis Jr. (October 6, 1907 – May 21, 1949) was an American actor known primarily for his work in film. He also performed in the theatre, making his Broadway debut in the play Carry On (1928), which his father, Owen Davis, had written.

## Biography

Born in 1907 in New York City, Davis Jr. was the son of dramatist Owen Davis and his wife, actress Elizabeth Breyer. In 1923 his father won the Pulitzer Prize for drama for his play Icebound. When he was young, his parents opposed his having any involvement in acting.
Educated at The Choate School and Yale University, Davis was one of the leading students in the drama school. He was chosen captain of the boxing team.
On stage, Davis made his Broadway debut in the play Carry On (1928), written by his father Owen Davis. He soon began working in film, making his screen debut with Walter Huston. Later he toured on stage with Huston. After gaining more stage experience, Davis went to Hollywood and began to specialize in movies.
Davis served in the United States Army during World War II.< Afterward, he became a television producer. Shows produced by Davis included The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre.
He married Laina Muroni.
Davis died on May 21, 1949. He drowned on Long Island Sound. On May 25, 1949, the Nassau County medical examiner ruled that the drowning was accidental.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1929 | They Had to See Paris | Ross Peters | |
| 1930 | All Quiet on the Western Front | Peter | |
| 1930 | Good Intentions | Bud Finney | |
| 1936 | Murder on a Bridle Path | Edward 'Eddie' Fry | |
| 1936 | Special Investigator | George Fenwick | |
| 1936 | Bunker Bean | Bunker Bean | |
| 1936 | Grand Jury | Steve O'Connell | |
| 1936 | The Plot Thickens | Robert Wilkins | |
| 1937 | The Woman I Love | Mezziores | |
| 1937 | It Could Happen to You! | Fred Barrett | |
| 1937 | Luck of Roaring Camp | Davy | |
| 1938 | Touchdown, Army | Cadet Kirk Reynolds | |
| 1939 | These Glamour Girls | Greg Smith | |
| 1939 | Henry Goes Arizona | Danny Regan | |
| 1939 | Thou Shalt Not Kill | Allen Stevens | |
| 1940 | Knute Rockne All American | Gus Dorais | (final film role) |
# Dennis Szczęsny

Dennis Szczęsny (born 22 November 1993) is a Polish/German handball player for TUSEM Essen and the Polish national team.

## Career
### National team

He made his debut for the national team on December 28, 2018, in a friendly match against Japan (29:28) where he scored four goals.
# Leebotwood

Leebotwood (/liːbɒtwʊd/ lee-BOT-wood) is a small village and civil parish in Shropshire, England. It is about 9 miles (14 km) south of Shrewsbury and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of Church Stretton.

## Geography

The village is located on the A49 road, north of Church Stretton and south of the village of Dorrington. Nearby villages include Longnor (approximately 1½ miles to the north) and All Stretton which is 2 miles distant, between Leebotwood and Church Stretton.
Leebotwood is the only recognisable settlement in the parish.
The Cound Brook passes through the village, flowing north towards Longnor.
The parish was part of the borough of Shrewsbury and Atcham, which existed 1973–2009. It continues to be part of the Parliamentary constituency of Shrewsbury and Atcham and in the area of Shropshire's unitary Council.

## Transport

The Welsh Marches railway line runs through the parish. Leebotwood once had its own small railway station that closed in 1958.
Today, the nearest station is Church Stretton. Northbound trains run to Shrewsbury and most continue to destinations such as Manchester Piccadilly and Holyhead. Southbound trains run mostly to Cardiff and beyond via the Welsh Marches Line.

## History

Leebotwood's parish church (St Mary's) dates from the 12th century and is a plain and simple building in comparison to its many neighbouring churches, including Church Stretton's St Laurence's Church. It is the burial place of the Corbett family of Longnor Hall, the local lords of the manor.
A valley between Leebotwood and Caer Caradoc was important as a thoroughfare dating right back to Roman times. The eastern boundary of the village was formed from the ancient route of Watling Street which is still visible today. Caer Caradoc to the south of Leebotwood rises to a height of 1506 ft and is said to be one of the last strongholds of the native chief "Caradoc" or "Caractacus" who held out against the Romans.

### Etymology

The whole area was covered in thick forest, called "Botwde" (as the area was recorded in the Domesday Book) or "Bottewode" (as written in 1170) until later in medieval times. Henry II granted this area to Augustinian canons with a chapel at Lega - hence the placename of "Lega in Bottewode" (1170) and in modern times "Leebotwood". Nearby, in the parish of Church Stretton, is Botvyle, which also derives its name from the historic forest.

## Present day
### Local businesses

The village has a thatched public house called The Pound, the Copper Kettle tea room, a farm shop and a village hall that offers internet use.
There are multiple mixed farms (livestock and dairy) around the village.
Leebotwood is home to a large branch of Huws Gray, a builders' merchant; it is the largest in Shropshire.

## Notable people

* Bert Harry (1897–1966), professional footballer, notably for Crystal Palace, was landlord of The Pound public house from 1935 to 1954 and is buried in Leebotwood churchyard.
* Katherine Plymley (1758–1829), diarist, traveller and naturalist, buried at Leebotwood church.
# Cyril Mandouki

Cyril Paul Mandouki (born 21 August 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Süper Lig club Gaziantep. Born in metropolitan France, he plays for the Martinique national team.

## Club career

Mandouki signed with Paris FC on 22 June 2017, after successful seasons in the lower divisions with Créteil and Dunkerque. He made his professional debut with Paris FC in a Ligue 2 0–0 tie with Clermont Foot on 28 August 2017.

## International career

Mandouki is of Martiniquais descent. In May 2019, he was named to the Martinique national team provisional team for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup. He debuted for Martinique in a 1–1 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League A tie with Trinidad and Tobago on 6 September 2019, scoring his side's only goal on his debut.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Martinique's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mandouki goal.
List of international goals scored by Cyril Mandouki :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 6 September 2019 | Stade Pierre-Aliker, Fort-de-France, Martinique | Trinidad and Tobago | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League A |
# Rio Grande 169

Denver and Rio Grande Western No. 169 is a 4-6-0 "Ten Wheeler" type narrow gauge steam locomotive. It is one of twelve similar locomotives built for the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (D&RGW) by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1883. It was built as a passenger locomotive, with 46 in (1,200 mm) drivers, the second largest drivers used on any three-foot gauge D&RGW locomotive (The K-37s have 44 in (1,100 mm) drivers).
During its operational life it was used on all major narrow gauge D&RGW lines. It appears in two Otto Perry photographs on the branch to Santa Fe, New Mexico in April 1933. It was taken out of service in 1938 and then refurbished in 1939 to appear at the 1939 New York World's Fair. In 1941, the railroad donated it to Alamosa, Colorado and has been on display in Cole Park there since. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Denver and Rio Grande Railroad Locomotive No.169 in 2001.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 398

United Nations Security Council Resolution 398, adopted on November 30, 1976, considered a report by the Secretary-General regarding the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. The Council noted its efforts to establish a durable and just peace in the Middle East but also expressed its concern over the prevailing state of tension in the area. The Resolution decided to call upon the parties concerned to immediately implement Resolution 338, it renewed the mandate of the Observer Force for another 6 months until May 31, 1977, and requested that the Secretary-General submit a report on the situation at the end of that period.
The resolution was adopted with 12 votes to none; Benin, China and Libya did not participate in the voting.
# Beata Kamuda

Beata Kamuda (12 July 1960 – 2 July 2024) was a Polish rower. She competed in the women's eight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Kamuda died on 2 July 2024, at the age of 64.
# Karl-Heinz Prudöhl

Karl-Heinz Prudöhl (born 3 December 1944) is a German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Eberhardsdorf, German-occupied Poland. In 1976, he was a crew member of the East German boat, which won the gold medal in the eight event.
# CHRNB2

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNB2 gene.
Neuronal acetylcholine receptors are homo- or heteropentameric complexes composed of homologous alpha and beta subunits. They belong to a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which allow the flow of sodium and potassium across the plasma membrane in response to ligands such as acetylcholine and nicotine. This gene encodes one of several beta subunits. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy.
It has been discovered that suppression, rather than stimulation, of B2-containing nAChR currents yields an antidepressant effect. This is believed to explain the significantly increased prevalence of cigarette smoking in depressed individuals and the profound rise in depressive symptoms during abstinence.

## Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
* ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "NicotineDopaminergic_WP1602".
# George Makeston

George Makeston was an Irish dean in the first half of the 16th century.
A Scotsman, he was Dean of Armagh from 1622 until his death at Legacorry in 1635.
# East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)

vteSyrian civil war :
Timeline
Background and causes
Casualties
Cities
map
Terrorism
Massacres :
The East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016) was an armed conflict between the rebel coalition of Jaish al-Fustat, consisting of the al-Nusra Front and al-Rahman Legion, and the rebel group Jaysh al-Islam, that occurred in the rebel-held territories east of Damascus. Tensions between the two groups took place since March 2016, when the Rahman Legion expelled Jaysh al-Islam in Zamalka after absorbing the Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union in February.

## Prelude – Clashes in Jisreen

On 18 April 2016, the al-Rahman Legion launched an attack on Jaysh al-Islam headquarters in the town of Jisreen, capturing the headquarters.

## Open conflict
### Fighting starts

On 28 April, the Rahman Legion and Jaish al-Fustat attacked Jaysh al-Islam positions in six towns in eastern Ghouta, including Qaboun and Zamalka, resulting in the former's air defence brigade defecting to Jaysh al-Islam. Ahrar ash-Sham denied involvement in the conflict and remained neutral. Due to the fighting, the residents of East Ghouta demonstrated, calling for an end of rebel infighting.

### Attack on Misraba and ceasefire

On 8 May, Jaish al-Fustat, Jabhat al-Nusra, and al-Rahman Legion attacked the Jaysh al-Islam-held village of Misraba. By this time, Jaysh al-Islam mainly controlled the northern areas of East Ghouta, while Jabhat al-Nusra controlled the south. Jaysh al-Islam also raided several pharmacies, and a doctor was killed by stray bullets. By the next day, a ceasefire agreement was signed which mandated Jaysh al-Islam to withdraw from Misraba, which was then to be controlled by a neutral police force. Still, despite the declared ceasefire, fighting continued and by 17 May, more than 500 fighters on both sides and a dozen civilians had been killed in the fighting in East Ghouta. A new ceasefire agreement was declared on 24 May 2016.

## Aftermath

In mid-June, a new round of fighting left more than 30 fighters dead on both sides.
On 22 July, during a new government offensive in East Ghouta, the Al-Rahman Legion attacked the Jaysh al-Islam-held "Office of Damascus Countryside" in Saqba, resulting in the deaths of nine rebels.
Between 26 April and 1 May 2017, more than 95 rebels were killed during clashes between Jaysh al-Islam, Tahrir al-Sham, and the Rahman Legion. Jaysh al-Islam fighters opened fire on demonstrators who called for an end to the infighting. The clashes led to Syrian Army advances in eastern Damascus.
# LMS Pacifics

The London Midland and Scottish Railway and its successor British Railways built 52 express passenger steam locomotives with a pacific 4-6-2 wheel arrangement. Four classes were built - the LMS Princess Royal Class (1933-1935), LMS Turbomotive, later rebuilt as Princess Anne, and the LMS Coronation Class (1937-1948). All were built at Crewe Works. They were used principally on express passenger trains on the West Coast Main Line between Euston and Glasgow.

## Overview

| Class | Number in class | Dates | LMS numbers | BR numbers | Notes |
| Princess Royal Class | 12 | 1933-1962 | 6200-1, 6203-12 | 46200-1, 46203-12 | |
| Turbomotive | 1 | 1935-1952 | 6202 | 46202 | |
| Coronation Class | 38 | 1937-1964 | 6220-6256 | 46220-46257 | Some streamlined. Last one built under BR. |
| Princess Anne | 1 | 1952 | n/a | 46202 | Rebuild of the Turbomotive. Lasted only 2 months before being destroyed in a crash |

## Preservation

Two Princesses and three Duchesses have been preserved.
| Number | Number | Name | Built | Withdrawn | Service life | Livery | Location | Owners | Status | Notes |
| LMS | BR | Name | Built | Withdrawn | Service life | Livery | Location | Owners | Status | Notes |
| 6201 | 46201 | Princess Elizabeth | Nov 1933 | Oct 1962 | 28 years, 11 months | LMS Crimson Lake | Carnforth MPD | 6201 Princess Elizabeth Society | Undergoing boiler repairs | Retube required following multiple tube problems alongside boiler and firebox issues. Possibly new boiler ticket as well as mainline ticket. |
| 6203 | 46203 | Princess Margaret Rose | Jul 1935 | Oct 1962 | 27 years, 3 months | BR Crimson Lake, Late Crest | Butterley | Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust | Static display | |
| 6229 | 46229 | Duchess of Hamilton | | | | | | | | |
| 6233 | 46233 | Duchess of Sutherland | | | | | | | | |
| 6235 | 46235 | City of Birmingham | | | | | | | | |
# Tfail

Tfail (Arabic: طفيل) is a village in eastern Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon. It is one of the highest villages in Lebanon. It has a population of about 3,000 Sunni residents and is the most remote village in Lebanon, lying at the tip of a finger of territory that juts into Syria.
On 1 May 2014, Tfail was the target of Syrian barrel bomb attacks. During the Qalamoun offensive (June–August 2014), the village was surrounded by Hezbollah and Syrian Army forces. Tfail is also considered one of the highest villages in Lebanon with an elevation of 1660 meters.
# Asia Amjad

Asia Amjad was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from August 2018 until January 2023.

## Political career

She was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) on a reserved seat for women in 2018 Pakistani general election.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 516

United Nations Security Council resolution 516, adopted on 1 August 1982, after recalling resolutions 508 (1982), 509 (1982), 512 (1982), 513 (1982) and 515 (1982), the council demanded an immediate cessation of military activities between Israel and Lebanon, noting the violations of the ceasefire in Beirut.
The resolution then authorised the secretary-general to deploy United Nations observers immediately in and around the Lebanese capital Beirut, and to report back on the situation no later than four hours from the adoption of this resolution.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 538

United Nations Security Council resolution 538, adopted on 18 October 1983, after recalling resolutions 425 (1978), 426 (1978), 508 (1982), 509 (1982) and 520 (1982), as well as studying the report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), the Council decided to extend the mandate of UNIFIL for a further six months until 19 April 1984.
The Council then requested the Secretary-General to report back on the progress made with regard to the implementation of the resolution.
Resolution 538 was adopted by 13 votes to none, with two abstentions from the People's Republic of Poland and Soviet Union.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 56

United Nations Security Council Resolution 56, adopted on August 19, 1948, having received communications from the United Nations Mediator concerning the situation in Jerusalem the Council directed the attention of the Governments and authorities to United Nations Security Council Resolution 54. The Council decided that all parties involved were to bear direct responsibility for all of their regular and irregular forces, that they were to use all means available to prevent the truce from being broken and that any group or subject that did was to be given a speedy trial.
The Council also decided that no party would be able to violate the truce on the grounds of retaliation for another violation and that no party would be entitled to gain military or political advantages through the violation of the truce.
The resolution was voted on in parts. As such, no vote took place on the whole of the resolution.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 564

United Nations Security Council resolution 564, adopted unanimously on 31 May 1985, after noting the statement made by the President of the Security Council, the council expressed alarm and concern at the violence involving the civilian population in Lebanon, including at Palestinian refugee camps resulting in casualties.
The Council urged international organisations, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to assist in providing humanitarian assistance to the civilian population. It also called on the Government of Lebanon and Secretary-General to ensure the implementation of Resolution 564, of which the council would closely follow.
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 684

United Nations Security Council resolution 684, adopted unanimously on 30 January 1991, after recalling previous resolutions on the topic, as well as studying the report by the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) approved in 426 (1978), the Council decided to extend the mandate of UNIFIL for a further six months until 31 July 1991.
The Council then reemphasised the mandate of the Force and requested the Secretary-General to report back on the progress made with regard to the implementation of resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978).
# Kul Man Ghising

Kulman Ghising (Nepali: कुलमान घिसिङ, pronounced) is the current managing director of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA). He is known for solving the load-shedding (power cut) problem, whereby, for decades, the country had power outages of up to 18 hours daily, within two months of taking office.

## Early life and education

Mr.Ghising was born in Bethan village of Ramechhap District in eastern Nepal, and went to Dahoo Secondary School as a child. He moved to Kathmandu and went to Balsewa Secondary School in Jhochhe, starting in the seventh grade. He graduated high school from Amar Adarsh Secondary School and went to Amrit Science College for the Intermediate degree. He received free scholarship from Regional Institute of Technology in Jamshedpur, India, to become an electrical engineer. He completed his post-graduate studies from Pulchowk Engineering College.

## Career

Ghising was appointed the managing director of NEA on 14 September 2016 by a cabinet decision. He had been associated with NEA for over two decades prior to the appointment. At the time of the appointment, he was serving as the project chief of Rahughat Hydroelectricity Project, having been managing director of the Chilime Hydropower Company before that. Experienced in power trade and distribution, he said eliminating load shedding would be one of his main foci, in an interview following his appointment.
Scheduled daily power-cuts called load-shedding, extending up to 18 hours in the dry winter months, had been a persistent problem in Nepal for decades. When Ghising was appointed to lead the NEA, he emphasised better management and more equitable power distribution. By ending the policy of providing 24 hours uninterrupted power supply to a few large industries at the expense of the general public, he immediately eliminated power cuts in the major cities, and reduced power cuts to other parts of the country to around two hours every other day. He overhauled the hydropower generation system storing water during low demand hours, and bringing online power plants that had been inoperative due to poor maintenance. He launched a public awareness campaign to discourage the use of high-power domestic equipment during peak hours. Load-shedding was eliminated across the country, for both residential and industrial sectors by May 2018.
On 11 August 2021, Kul Man Ghising was re-appointed for his second term.