OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johan Elf

Per Johan Sven Elf, (born May 8, 1975) is a Swedish biophysicist. He is professor of physical biology at Uppsala universitet and Wallenberg Scholar.

## Biography

Johan Elf was born in 1975, in Molala, a small city in the Sweden. He studied at Uppsala University, where he obtained an MSc in Engineering in 2000 and a PhD in Biotechnology in 2004 on stochasticity in intracellular processes. His PhD supervisor was of Prof. Mans Ehrenberg. In 2005 he moved to Harvard University where he developed single molecule methods to study transcription factor kinetics in living cells under the supervision of Prof. Xiaoliang Sunney Xie. In 2008 he became senior lecturer in bioinformatics at Uppsala University and in 2013 he was appointed professor of physical biology. As of 2016 he is a member of the Chemistry class at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Elf is a member of the board of Uppsala University and the board of the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences

## Research

Elf studies dynamic processes in bacterial cells using sensitive optical methods. His main contributions are in algorithms for spatially-dependent stochastic simulations, single molecule methods for studying molecular search kinetics in living cells, optical pooled screening and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

## Companies

In 2017 Elf founded Astrego Diagnostics AB together with Özden Baltekin and Ove Öhman. The company develops rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests based on the academic work from the Elf lab. Elf left the company in 2022 when it was acquired by Sysmex Corporation. Sysmex Astrego was awarded the 8M£ Longitude Prize on AMR in 2024.
In 2022 Elf co-founded Bifrost Biosystems (Boston, MA) with Johan Paulsson, Paul Blainey and George Church.
# Success, New Hampshire

Success is an unincorporated township in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. It is located directly to the east of the city of Berlin, and borders on the state of Maine. Success is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area.
As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of four. There are seasonal homes, cabins, and cottages mainly located around Success Pond, which give the township an additional small seasonal population.
As of 2005, one of the larger landowners in Success was the Androscoggin Valley Regional Refuse Disposal District.

## History

Success was granted in 1773 and contained about 90,472 acres (366.1 km$^2$). The grantees were Benjamin Mackay and about seventy others.

### Blanchard and Twitchell Railroad

A railroad was built by Blanchard and Twitchell Company in 1892 from the Boston and Maine Railroad in Berlin through the aboriginal forests to Success Pond in the northeast corner of the township. Six locomotives transported lumber and logs to Berlin sawmills over the 26-mile (42 km) railway. Most of the Success township forests were gone within a decade, but the railway operated after 1904 as the George W. Blanchard and Sons Company Railroad, as Cassius M. C. Twitchell had sold his interest in the business in 1901. The Boston and Maine kept 1,600 feet (490 m) of interchange track in service when the remainder of the railroad was dismantled in 1907.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 57.0 square miles (147.7 km$^2$), of which 56.5 square miles (146.3 km$^2$) are land and 0.50 square miles (1.3 km$^2$), or 0.91%, are water. The entire township is part of the Androscoggin River watershed. Success Pond is in the north, and is drained by Chickwolnepy Stream. Stearns Brook drains the center of the township, through its North and South Branches and Meadow Brook. The Mahoosuc Range crosses the southern part of the township, draining north via Horne Brook and Bean Brook, to the west via Cascade Alpine Brook, and to the south by several small brooks, all flowing to the Androscoggin River.
The highest point in the township is the summit of Mount Success, with an elevation of 3,565 feet (1,087 m) above sea level, in the southeast part of the township along the crest of the Mahoosucs. The Appalachian Trail follows the Mahoosuc crest across the township.

### Adjacent municipalities

* Cambridge (north)
* North Oxford, Maine (east)
* Shelburne (south)
* Gorham (southwest)
* Berlin (west)
* Milan (northwest)

## Demographics

As of the 2010 census, there were no people living in the township, although there are a number of summer homes mainly on the shores around Success Pond.
# Culloden, Highland

Culloden (/kəˈlɒdən/ listen; from Scottish Gaelic Cùl Lodain, "back of the small pond"; modern Gaelic Cùil Lodair) is a village three miles (five kilometres) east of Inverness, Scotland and the surrounding area. 3 mi (5 km) east of the village is Drumossie Moor, site of the Battle of Culloden.

## History

Culloden village was originally made up of estate houses attached to Culloden House. Historic buildings include Culloden House itself, which is now a hotel, the Culloden stables, now rebuilt as holiday homes, and the historic tithe barn which is now the Barn Church. Additional interesting buildings nearby include the Loch Lann Kennels, the Doocot and the ice house. In the 1960s an area near the historic village was drained for a council housing project, including Culloden Stores, Culloden Academy and Duncan Forbes Primary School, named after the Forbeses of Culloden, who owned Culloden House from 1626 to 1897. More recent private housing developments have since grown up around it. Culloden House is now an hotel.
The parish of Culloden includes three other communities: Balloch /bəˈlɒx/, Smithton and Westhill. Like Culloden, Balloch is a village of some antiquity. Smithton and Westhill are post-war housing developments.

## Battlefield of Culloden

Today, the battlefield of Culloden is under the care of the National Trust for Scotland, and its visitors' centre is a huge tourist attraction. The National Trust for Scotland has built a visitor centre that includes an interactive battle experience with an immersion film battle room. The visitor centre was officially opened to the public on 16 April 2008 and received 209,011 visitors in 2019.

## Clootie well

Apart from the battlefield, the most notable site in the surrounding area is the "clootie well", in Culloden Woods, where brightly coloured rags are hung as offerings from people wishing to be cured of ailments. This well was traditionally visited on the first Sunday in May. Until the early 1970s, this pilgrimage was well attended with 'buses laid on to cater for the crowds. The practice of visiting on a specific day has declined sharply in recent years. A similar, and better known, well is near Munlochy. This tradition may be based on Celtic ceremonies, involving votive offerings to water spirits. The Cairns of Clava, a group of Bronze Age burial mounds, are located at Balnauran of Clava, about 1 mi (2 km) south-east of the battlefield.
# James Hall (Irish cricketer)

James Douglas Hall (born 19 October 1988) is an English-born former Irish international cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler. Hall started his career in 2005 playing for Ireland's Under-17s team in Division One of the European Under-17 Championship, though after playing three matches in this competition, he moved up to the Under-19s, for whom he later played in the ICC Under-19 World Cup.
# Chr. Salvesen & Chr. Thams's Communications Aktieselskab

Chr. Salvesen & Chr. Thams's Communications Aktieselskab, Salvesen & Thams, Comms. AS or S&T is a Norwegian company based at Løkken Verk in Meldal Municipality that was responsible for electricity production and railway operation for Løkken Mine operated by the Orkla Mining Company. After the mine closed in 1987 it has been turned into a development company to try to create new jobs at Løkken.

## History

Mining at Løkken Verk had its roots back to 1633 when King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway had opened the mine. At this time all mining was a privilege of the king. Later, in the 1800s, the mine was privatised and owned by Løkken Kobber og Kisværks Interessentskab.
In 1868, Wilhelm Thams (1812–1884), the owner of lumber company Strandheim Brug in Orkanger, Norway, and Christian Salvesen of Turnbull, Salvesen and Company in Leith, Scotland, founded the mining company Ørkedals Mining Company and bought a number of small mines around Løkken. In the early 1880s, Wilhelm's grandson, Christian Thams returned from Switzerland and took over the running of the mining company. He realised that to make money from mining, he had to purchase the largest mine of the all, but didn't succeed until 1896 when it no longer was feasible to manually pump out the water, and bought Løkken Mine.
At this time it was fully possible for foreigners to own mines in Norway, but they could not own power plant or railways. So while the mining company was financed primarily be foreign capital, Salvesen & Thams was owned only by Chr. Thams and Salvesen, both originally locals, and could thus get the necessary permissions. Despite this, the company was bought by the mining company in 1904. The initial responsibility was to construct a hydro electric power plant at Skjenaldfossen, build the railway Thamshavnbanen between Løkken Verk and Thamshavn and operate the steamship Orkla between Thamshavn and Trondheim. After World War I the company also started with bus transport, and among other things started the company Trondhjem-Orkladal Billag.
In 1931 Orkla Metall (now Elkem Thamshavn) was established as a smelter at Thamshavn, and Salvesen & Thams was responsible for the running of the plant. This lasted until 1963 when the corporation was reorganised and the company became a pure holding company, owning the power plant and railway, but not operating them. It later sold its ownership in bus transport while the shipping had been terminated in 1959.
When the mine closed in 1987 the company got a new life with responsibilities for creating new local jobs in Meldal to replace the jobs lost due to the closing of the mine. The company has ventured into tourism, fishing and real estate. The greatest incomes have though been made in bus transport. In 1989 the Kyrksæterøra-based company Hemne og Orkladal Billag was in great economic trouble, and along with the Hemne Municipality and Kredittkassen Salvesen & Thams went in and made a great success out of the company. In 2001 it was merged with Trondheim Trafikkselskap to create Team Trafikk and it was sold to Nettbuss with great profit.
# Bob Chlupsa

Robert Joseph Chlupsa (September 16, 1945 – July 17, 2024) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. Chlupsa played for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1970 and 1971.
Chlupsa attended Cardinal Hayes High School and Manhattan College where he played baseball and basketball for the Jaspers.
Chlupsa died in Garden City, New York on July 17, 2024, at the age of 78.
# Marcos Freitas

Marcos André Sousa da Silva Freitas (born 8 April 1988) is a Portuguese table tennis player who won European Championships medals in singles, doubles, and team events. He represented Portugal four times at the Summer Olympics.

## Career

Freitas participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics where he got knocked out in the round of 64. In the same year he won the bronze medal in the men's doubles at the European Championship with Tiago Apolónia. Three years later at the 2011 European Championships, he went on to win the gold medal with his doubles partner Andrej Gaćina. He took part on his second Olympics in 2012, reaching the round of 32 in the men's singles and the quarterfinals in the team event with Tiago Apolónia and João Monteiro.
In 2014, Freitas won the Europe Cup title by defeating Michael Maze in the final. He continued to win another title at the ITTF World Tour Czech Open in a seven-game final against Patrick Baum. He also helped the Portuguese men's team win its first European title at the 2014 European Championships, breaking Germany's six-edition winning streak since 2007.
Freitas competed at the inaugural European Games in 2015. He again helped the Portuguese team earn a gold medal in men's team event with João Geraldo and Tiago Apolonia. He won silver in the singles event at the 2015 European Championships in October, and reached his career-high No. 7 spot on the ITTF world ranking in November 2015. As a three-time Olympian, Freitas reached the quarterfinals of the 2016 Olympics in the singles event. Although he won his match in the team event, Portugal lost in the first round of the competition.
After the 2016 Summer Olympics, Freitas and his compatriots continued to make podium appearances at the European Championships and the European Games. In 2021, he advanced to the final of the Europe Top-16 for the third time and participated at the Summer Olympics in both men's singles and men's team competition.
In 2023, He won silver medal in men's singles event at the European Games after losing to Felix Lebrun in the seventh game of the final. He won WTT Contender title at Lima after defeating Kao Cheng Jui from Taipai in 4-1 set score and winning the WTT title for the very first time.

## Personal life

Since 2012, Freitas lives in Schwechat and practices at the Werner Schlager Academy.

## Honors

* European Championships: singles runner-up (2015); men's doubles winner (2011); men's team winner (2014)
* Europe Cup winner (2014)
* European Games: singles runner-up (2023); men's team winner (2015)
* European Champions League winner (2014)
* Pro A runner-up (2013)
# Stróżewo, Radziejów County

Stróżewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bytoń, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Bytoń, 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Radziejów, and 52 km (32 mi) south of Toruń.
# 21 Comae Berenices

21 Comae Berenices is a variable star in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It has the variable star designation UU Comae Berenices, while 21 Comae Berenices is the Flamsteed designation.

## About

According to R. H. Allen, English orientalist Thomas Hyde attributed the ancient title Kissīn to this star, a name that comes from a climbing plant – either bindweed or dog rose. This star has a white hue and is just visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 5.47. Based upon parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 270 light years away from the Sun. It is a single star but is a confirmed physical member of the Melotte 111 open cluster.

## History

This object has been studied extensively since 1953, producing some occasionally contradictory results such as hints of pulsational behavior or a binary companion. It is a weakly magnetic chemically peculiar star of type CP2, or Ap star, that is most likely on the main sequence. The stellar classification is A3p SrCr, where the suffix notation indicates abundance anomalies of the iron-peak element chromium, as well as strontium.
In 1950, Olin Jeuck Eggen reported that the brightness of 21 Comae Berenices is variable. This is an Alpha$^2$ Canum Venaticorum (ACV) variable, which indicates it varies in luminosity as it rotates due to spots on its surface created by a magnetic field. The range of variation has an amplitude of 0.02 magnitude and a period of just over two days. Samus et al. (2017) have it classified as a low-amplitude Delta Scuti variable, although this is disputed.
The age of the Melotte 111 cluster, and therefore this star, lies in the range of 400–800 million years. The star has a projected rotational velocity of 63 km/s, with a polar inclination of 64° or greater, resulting in a rotation period of 2.05 days. Stellar evolutionary models yield a mass of around 2.3 times that of the Sun and 2.6 times the Sun's radius for this object. It is radiating 38 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,900 K.
# I Love Rock 'n' Roll (The Jesus and Mary Chain song)

"I Love Rock 'n' Roll" is a song by the Scottish alternative rock group The Jesus and Mary Chain and the second single from the group's album Munki. It was the band's last single before they split up. It was released by Creation Records in May 1998 and reached #38 in the UK single charts.
The song is a reworked version of a previous song, "I Hate Rock 'n' Roll", which was included in the band's 1995 compilation album, Hate Rock 'n' Roll.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Jim Reid, except where noted.

### 7" (CRE 296)

* "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" – 2:37
* "Nineteen666" (Dick Meaney, William Reid) – 3:31

### CDS (CRESCD 296)

* "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" – 2:37
* "Easylife, easylove" – 4:08
* "40,000K" – 2:51
* "Nineteen666" (Meaney, W. Reid) – 3:31
# Al-Khisas raid

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The al-Khisas raid, also known as the al-Khisas massacre, was an attack on the Palestinian village of al-Khisas carried out by the Palmach on December 18, 1947, during the 1948 Palestine war. 10-15 Palestinian villagers were killed in the attack, including 5 children.

## Background

The attack took place during the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war and was conducted as a reprisal for the killing of a Jewish man near Al-Khisas. Local Palmach commanders decided to launch a retaliatory attack on the village, arguing that "if there was no reaction to the murder, the Arabs would interpret this as a sign of weakness and an invitation to further attacks". The Haganah High Command approved the action on condition that the attack be directed against "men only and they should burn [only] a few houses".

## The attack

The massacre was carried out by the Palmach's 3rd Battalion, which later became part of the Yiftach Brigade.
According to Haim Levenberg:
   One unit attacked with hand-grenades a four-roomed house killing two men and five children, and wounding five other men. At the same time, another unit attacked a house in the village owned by Amir Al-Fa’ur of Syria, in which one Syrian and two Lebanese peasants were killed and another Lebanese and two local men were wounded. According to HQ British Troops in Palestine, the villagers did not use any firearms to defend themselves.
10-15 Palestinian villagers were killed in the attack, 5 of them children.

## Aftermath and reactions

Following the attack a large number of al-Khisas' residents fled their homes, becoming a part of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight.
The events led to an escalation in violence that rapidly spread through the Upper Galilee region; the region had generally been quiet before the massacre, which was blamed for unnecessarily widening the hostilities.
The Jewish leadership at the time sharply criticized the attack. Three weeks later, Arab forces crossed the Syrian border and carried out a reprisal attack on the kibbutz Kfar Szold, but suffered heavy losses and were repulsed.
On 1 January 1948, David Ben-Gurion wrote in his diary about the attack, stating:
   "The question is not if there is a necessity to retaliate ... We need strong and harsh retaliation ... When the family is known, we must be merciless in hitting them; including women and children, or our retaliation will not be efficient. No need to differentiate ... between the guilty and the innocent."
During the operation a female member of the battalion had refused to throw a grenade into a room in which she could hear a child crying; following the event the battalion's commander Moshe Kelman argued that women should not be used on front line duties but should be used as "cooks and service people."
On the night of 5 June 1949, the remaining inhabitants of Khisas were forcibly expelled as part of the 1949–1956 Palestinian expulsions. Some time after the village was destroyed.
# Aabach (Hessel)

Aabach is a small river in the Ems river system, of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Hessel near Versmold.
# Piney Orchard, Maryland

Piney Orchard is an unincorporated community within the Washington DC suburb of Odenton, Maryland, United States. Piney Orchard began as a Planned Unit Development, and was a project of the Constellation Real Estate Group, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Constellation Energy Group, which itself, is now owned by Exelon.
Construction of the community began in 1991, although groundbreaking for what was to become the Nature Preserve started in 1987, when Constellation Real Estate Group began the effort to restore wetlands in an area which had been mined for sand and gravel in the 1940s and 1950s. Several mitigation projects, the term used for this restoration, followed in five phases to replace wetlands filled in by the development of the community, and included the building and enhancement of five large ponds and the planting of shrubs, trees, and grasses native to the area. The Army Corps of Engineers, which oversees such efforts, monitored the progress of the mitigation sites until 1995, when it was determined the efforts had been successful. In 1996, the Piney Orchard Nature Preserve was officially opened.
More than 3500 housing units have been built in Piney Orchard and approximately 8500 residents live there. Constellation turned over the day-to-day supervision of Piney Orchard to the homeowners of the community in 2005. The Piney Orchard Community Association, or "POCA" as it is known, arranges several community-wide social activities and collects annual fees from all homeowners to maintain the aesthetic qualities of the community.
Piney Orchard Ice Arena, located at the corner of Piney Orchard Parkway and Riverscape Drive, had been the practice site for the Washington Capitals hockey team until 2006, when they moved to their newly built practice facility, Kettler Capitals Iceplex in Arlington, Virginia.

## Sub-divisions within Piney Orchard

* Autumn Crest
* Brookwood
* Burgundy Place
* Cedar Ridge - Active Adult Community
* Chapel Village
* Chestnut Gable
* Chestnut Point
* The Courts
* Emory Woods
* Fieldstone Farms Apartments
* Francis Station
* The Gatherings at Forest Glen - Active Adult Community
* The Groves
* Harvest Run
* Maple Ridge
* Nature's Trail
* Piney Station
* River Colony
* River's Edge
* River Run
* Riverscape Apartments
* Settler's View
* Station House
* Stone Crossing
* Streamview
* Summer's Run
* Summit Chase
* The Vineyards
* Westcourts
* Woodland Walk