OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Antitoxin

An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin. Antitoxins are produced by certain animals, plants, and bacteria in response to toxin exposure. Although they are most effective in neutralizing toxins, they can also kill bacteria and other microorganisms. Antitoxins are made within organisms, and can be injected into other organisms, including humans, to treat an infectious disease. This procedure involves injecting an animal with a safe amount of a particular toxin. The animal's body then makes the antitoxin needed to neutralize the toxin. Later, blood is withdrawn from the animal. When the antitoxin is obtained from the blood, it is purified and injected into a human or other animal, inducing temporary passive immunity. To prevent serum sickness, it is often best to use an antitoxin obtained from the same species (e.g. use human antitoxin to treat humans).
Most antitoxin preparations are prepared from donors with high titers of antibody against the toxin, making them hyperimmune globulins.

## History of antitoxin

Antitoxins to diphtheria and tetanus toxins were produced by Emil Adolf von Behring and his colleagues from 1890 onwards. The use of diphtheria antitoxin for the treatment of diphtheria was regarded by The Lancet as the "most important advance of the [19th] Century in the medical treatment of acute infectious disease".
In 1888, Behring was sent to Berlin for a brief service at the Academy for Military Medicine. In 1889, he joined the Institute for Hygiene of the University of Berlin, then headed by Robert Koch. Between 1889 and 1895, Behring developed his pioneering ideas on serum therapy and his theory of antitoxins.
Early 1887, in Bonn, Behring had found that the serum of tetanus-immune white rats contained a substance that neutralized anthrax bacilli. He recognized this as the source of their "resistance". On 4 December 1890, Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburō published their first paper on blood-serum therapy. On 11 December, another report, signed by Behring, discussed blood-serum therapy not only in the treatment of tetanus, but also in diphtheria.
When Paul Ehrlich demonstrated in 1891 that even vegetable poisons led to the formation of antitoxins in an organism, Behring's theory was confirmed.
Antitoxins are antibody proteins found within the serum of animals that have been injected with the toxin. Separating unnecessary proteins from the antibodies used to counter infections in medical practice is important to increase both potency of antitoxin doses and to reduced the incidence of serum sickness. Annie Homer, working in Canada during the First World War, undertook research into antitoxic sera, which resulted in innovative methods to manufacture high quality antitoxin protein fractions from serum.
An antitoxin for scarlet fever was developed in 1924, simultaneously by Raymond Dochez and Gladys and George Frederick Dick.
# (523683) 2014 CP23

(523683) 2014 CP$_{23}$ (provisional designation 2014 CP$_{23}$) is a trans-Neptunian object from the scattered disc located in the outermost region of the Solar System It was discovered on 29 October 2011, by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States. The dwarf planet candidate measures approximately 267 kilometers (170 miles) in diameter.

## Orbit and classification

2014 CP$_{23}$ orbits the Sun at a distance of 38.1–66.5 AU once every 378 years and 5 months (138,225 days; semi-major axis of 52.32 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.27 and an inclination of 29° with respect to the ecliptic. It is a scattered-disc object on a moderately eccentric orbit that never comes closer than 8 AU to the orbit of Neptune.
The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in January 2003, or more than 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at Haleakala Observatory.

## Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 25 September 2018 and received the number 523683 in the minor planet catalog (M.P.C. 111779). As of 2018, it has not been named.

## Physical characteristics

According to American astronomer Michael Brown and the Johnston's archive, 2014 CP$_{23}$ measures 266 and 267 kilometers in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.08 and 0.09, respectively. On his website, Brown lists this object as a "possible" dwarf planet (200–400 km), which is the category with the lowest certainty in his 5-class taxonomic system. As of 2018, no spectral type and color indices, nor a rotational lightcurve have been obtained from spectroscopic and photometric observations. The body's color, rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.
# 1955 South West African parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in South West Africa on 16 November 1955. The whites-only election again saw victory and an overwhelming majority for the National Party of South West Africa, which won 16 of the 18 seats in the Legislative Assembly.

## Electoral system

The 18 members of the Legislative Assembly were elected from single-member constituencies: Aroab, Gobabis, Grootfontein, Keetmanshoop, Luderitz, Maltahöhe, Mariental, Okahandja, Otjikondo, Otjiwarongo, Outjo, Rehoboth, Swakopmund, Usakos, Warmbad, Windhoek East, Windhoek North and Windhoek West.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | National Party of South West Africa | 15,484 | 58.83 | 16 | +1 |
| | United National South West Party | 10,735 | 40.79 | 2 | –1 |
| | Economic Party | 100 | 0.38 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 26,319 | 100.00 | 18 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 29,773 | – | | |
| Source: Ngavirue ||||||
# Laurentino Cortizo

Laurentino "Nito" Cortizo Cohen (Spanish pronunciation:; born 30 January 1953) is a Panamanian politician who served as the 38th President of Panama from 2019 to 2024. Previously, he served as President of the National Assembly (2000–2001) and Minister of Agricultural and Livestock Development (2004–2006). Cortizo was a member of the National Assembly for Colón Province from 1994 to 2004.
A member of the Democratic Revolutionary Party, he was elected as president in the 2019 general election, winning 33.27% of the vote. He took office on 1 July 2019.

## Early life and education

Laurentino Cortizo Cohen was born in Panama City to Laurentino Cortizo, a Galician from Beariz, Spain, and Esther Cohen, of Jewish descent.
The eldest of six siblings, Cortizo attended Javier Elementary School and completed his secondary education at La Salle College in Diriamba, Nicaragua. He went on to attend the Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania. After this, he studied at Norwich University in Vermont, the oldest military college in the United States. Cortizo then attended St. Edwards University, earning a master's degree in business administration, and the University of Texas at Austin, where he did doctoral work.

## Early career

After graduation, Cortizo moved to Washington, D.C., in 1981 to work as a technical advisor to the secretary-general of the Organization of American States (OAS).
In November 1986, Cortizo assumed the role of Panama's alternate ambassador to the OAS. During that time, he was a member of the budget committee and of the working group for the private sector. In addition, Cortizo chaired the working group for development problems of the states of the Central American isthmus and the permanent executive committee of the economic and social council.

## Political career

Cortizo served as a member of the National Assembly from 1994 to 2004 and is described as being from the centrist wing of his party. He became President of the National Assembly in 2000, serving until 2001.
He also served as Minister of Agricultural and Livestock Development under President Martín Torrijos, however he resigned in 2006 due to his objections to the negotiations made in pursuit of the US-Panama Free Trade Agreement.

## Personal life

Cortizo is married to Yazmín Colón de Cortizo. They have two children, Carolina and Jorge. Carolina is currently the director of Wingo that is part of Copa Airlines.
In June 2022, Cortizo was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome.
Cortizo is a devout Catholic and often reads the Bible.
# Przemysław Gosiewski

Przemysław Edgar Gosiewski (pronounced; 12 May 1964 – 10 April 2010) was a Polish politician and a deputy chair of Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) party. In the 1980s he was active in the Solidarity movement. In years 2006-2007 he served as a Deputy Prime Minister of Poland in Jarosław Kaczyński's government.
He was elected to the Sejm in 2001 and reelected on 25 September 2005, receiving 31,253 votes in 33 Kielce district as a candidate on the Law and Justice list.
He was the majority leader between 3 November 2005 and 19 July 2006. He has been a minister (Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Council of Ministers) since 14 July 2006. On 8 May 2007 he became Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and held that position until 11 November 2007.
He was listed on the flight manifest of the Tupolev Tu-154 of the 36th Special Aviation Regiment carrying the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński which crashed near Smolensk-North airport near Pechersk near Smolensk, Russia, on 10 April 2010, killing all aboard.
On 16 April 2010, Gosiewski was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta and on 29 April 2010, the City Council in Ostrowiec made him an honorary citizen.
* Grave of Przemysław Gosiewski after burial
* Grave of Przemysław Gosiewski at Military Powązki Cemetery in 2012
# WTTB

WTTB (1490 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Vero Beach, Florida, and serving the Treasure Coast. It broadcasts a talk radio format, calling itself "Newsradio 105.7 and 1490." The station is owned by Treausure & Space Coast Radio with the license held by Vero Beach Broadcasters, LLC.
WTTB is powered at 1,000 watts, non-directional. It is also heard on 250 watt FM translator W289CF at 105.7 MHz in Vero Beach.

## Programming

While most of WTTB's programming is nationally syndicated talk shows, there are two local hours each weekday featuring Treasure Coast news and information, at 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Hosts heard on WTTB include Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck, Brian Kilmeade, Dan Bongino, Jim Bohannon, Doug Stephan, "America in The Morning" and "Coast to Coast AM with George Noory." Weather is supplied by WPTV Channel 5.

## History

WTTB is one of the oldest radio stations along the Treasure Coast. It signed on the air on June 7, 1954; 70 years ago (1954-06-07). Although it is widely believed the station's slogan, Where the tropics begin, originated with WTTB, Dr. John Leroy Hutchison has been credited for coining the phrase back in the 1920s–nearly three decades before WTTB went on the air. The phrase was used in the 2009 television series pilot for CBS's Harper's Island.
During the 1960s, 70s and 80s, the station featured a full service, middle of the road format of popular music, news and sports. By the 1990s, it had ended its music programs and became all-talk.
# Battle of Achuapa

The Battle of Achuapa, or the Achuapa massacre, took place on December 31, 1930 during the American occupation of Nicaragua of 1926–1933.$^{:353}$
The engagement took place when a ten-man unit of American Marines led by Sergeant Arthur M. Palrang were ambushed by Sandinista forces led by Miguel Angel Ortez after leaving Ocotal to repair the telephone line with San Fernando.
Eight Marines were killed in the firefight (including Palrang), with the two survivors being wounded. It was the largest loss of American life in a single battle during the occupation of Nicaragua.
The battle resulted in the Sandinistas capturing "two Browning automatic rifles, one Thompson submachine gun, three Springfield rifles, and eight fully equipped mules." The battle lasted two and a half hours.
In the United States, the incident reignited controversy over the military occupation of Nicaragua. On 2 January 1931, Senator William E. Borah, the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, called for a withdrawal of American military personnel from Nicaragua.

## American casualties

Killed:
* Sergeant Arthur M. Palrang
* Corporal Irving T. Aron
* Private Lambert Bush
* Private Edward E. Elliott
* Private Joseph A. Harbaugh
* Private Frank Kosieradzki
* Private Richard J. Litz
* Private Joseph A. McCarty
Wounded:
* Private Mack Hutcherson
* Private Frank A. Jackson
# Cleto Polonia

Cleto Polonia (born 4 September 1968), is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Polonia began his career with Triestina in the 1986–87 season. After playing for Verona for three seasons, he arrived at Piacenza, where he made 187 appearances, scored the only goal of his career, and was part of the 1994-95 Serie B champion squad. He also played for Sampdoria, after being exchanged for Vittorio Tosto, before retiring professionally.

## Managerial career

As a coach, Polonia took over teams that compete in the Prima and Seconda Categoria, in addition to the youth sectors of Udinese.

## Honours
### Piacenza

* Serie B: 1994–95
# (523706) 2014 HF200

(523706) 2014 HF$_{200}$ (provisional designation 2014 HF$_{200}$) is a trans-Neptunian object on an eccentric orbit from the scattered disc, located in the outermost region of the Solar System. It was discovered on 20 May 2012, by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States. The dwarf planet candidate measures approximately 300 kilometers (190 miles) in diameter.

## Orbit and classification

2014 HF$_{200}$ is a scattered disc object and orbits the Sun at a distance of 35.5–88.0 AU once every 485 years and 4 months (177,277 days; semi-major axis of 61.76 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.43 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken by Pan-STARRS in May 2010, two years prior to its official discovery observation. It still has a small orbital uncertainty of 1 and 2, respectively.

## Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 25 September 2018 and received the number 523706 in the minor planet catalog (M.P.C. 111779). As of 2018, it has not been named.

## Physical characteristics

According to the Johnston's archive and American astronomer Michael Brown, 2014 HF$_{200}$ measures 293 and 302 kilometers in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. On his website, Michael Brown lists this object as a "possible" dwarf planet (200–400 km) which is the category with the lowest certainty in his 5-class taxonomic system. As of 2018, no spectral type and color indices, nor a rotational lightcurve have been obtained from spectroscopic and photometric observations. The body's color, rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.
# María Forero

María Forero (born 24 March 2003) is a Spanish track and field athlete and cross country runner.

## Career

From Huelva in Andalusia, she was selected to represent Spain at the 2019 European Cross Country Championships U20 race aged 17 years-old. That year, she was a bronze medalist in the 3000 metres at the 2019 European Youth Olympics in Baku.
In 2020, she became Spanish U18 champion over 5000 metres, running 17:20.41 in Tarragona, breaking the championship record by seven seconds.
In 2021, she was a silver medalist in the U20 team event at the 2021 European Cross Country Championships in Dublin. She moved to León to the training group led by José Enrique Villacorta and which already included international runners such as Roberto Aláiz and Blanca Fernández. In August 2022, she finished fifth in the 5000m at the U20 World Athletics Championships in Cali, Colombia.
In November 2022, she became Spanish national U20 cross country champion. Forero was a double gold medalist at the 2022 European Cross Country Championships in Turin, winning both the individual title and the team event with Spain.
She won the 5000m silver medal at the 2023 European Athletics U23 Championships in Espoo, Finland in July 2023.
She was selected for the 2024 European Athletics Championships in Rome in June 2024. That month, she set a new Spanish U23 record for the 5000 metres, running 15:23.79 in Norway.
In December 2024, she won the silver medal in the U23 race at the European Cross Country Championships in Antalya, Turkey.
In February 2025, she finished fourth at the Almond Blossom Cross Country on the World Athletics Cross Country Tour.
# 1440 Canal

The 1440 Canal, also formerly known as the Tidewater Building and Tidewater Place, located at 1440 Canal Street in the Medical District of the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, is officially a 24-story, 288 feet (88 m)-tall high-rise building designed by Kessels-Diboll-Kessels. The building has lesser-known 25th and 26th floors that are accessible only from the 24th floor and are much smaller in area than the other floors.
It originally was built as the corporate office for Tidewater Marine in 1971. Tidewater Inc. donated the building to Tulane University in 1993. The building is the home to the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. A few other Tulane offices are housed there as well. Tulane replaced all external signage which read "Tidewater" with signs that read "Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine."
WWOZ, radio station 90.7 FM in New Orleans, has its antenna and transmitter atop the building.
As a result of the deluge from the levees breaking during Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, the building suffered from approximately four feet of floodwaters on the ground floor. Repopulation of the building began in November 2005. The building reopened in January 2006.

## Location

1440 Canal Street New Orleans, LA 70112
The building is located at the corner of Canal Street and LaSalle Street.
Zone: Medical District Neighborhood: Central Business District District: French Quarter/CBD
# KD Tunku Abdul Rahman

KD Tunku Abdul Rahman is a Scorpène-class submarine built for the Royal Malaysian Navy by Naval Group, formerly known as DCNS in Cherbourg, France and Navantia in Cartagena, Spain.

## Development and design

The fore section was built at Naval Group and joined to the aft section, which was built by Navantia.
On 3 September 2009, Tunku Abdul Rahman arrived in Malaysia 54 days after sailing from Toulon for her new home. According to a September 2009 report in Malaysia's English-language The Sun, the submarine was expected to be formally commissioned into the Royal Malaysian Navy in October 2009.

## Gallery

* USS Jacksonville passing by KD Tunku Abdul Rahman at Sepanggar on 11 October 2010.
* KD Tunku Abdul Rahman at Langkawi in 2023.
# Martina Di Centa

Martina Di Centa (born 6 March 2000) is an Italian cross-country skier. She is the daughter of Italian cross-country skier Giorgio Di Centa. She competed in the 10 km classical, 15 km skiathlon, and 30 km freestyle at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2022 | 21 | 37 | 36 | 34 | — | 8 | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2021 | 20 | — | 35 | — | — | — | — |
| 2023 | 22 | 33 | — | 34 | — | — | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | U23 | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski |
| 2021 | 21 | 100 | NC | NC | 24 | — | 37 |
| 2022 | 22 | 105 | 75 | NC | 18 | — | DNF |
| 2023 | 23 | 81 | 87 | 84 | 13 | — | 32 |
# Cassius (song)

"Cassius" is the second single from the album Antidotes by Foals. It is their fifth single in total to date. It was released as a digital download on 18 February 2008 and on CD and vinyl on 10 March 2008.
In a video interview with NME, lead singer Yannis Philippakis stated that the track was "the most straightforward song on the album. It's trying to deal with somebody being two-faced or, even to the extreme, someone having a split personality. The reason for why it's called Cassius – Cassius Clay who became Mohammad Ali, it's almost like there's two people in one and Cassius, the conspirator who instigated the assassination of Julius Caesar, who is a very literal symbol of being two faced".
The video was directed by Dave Ma and shows the band playing with hanging hearts and pills.
"Cassius" peaked at number 26 on the UK Singles Chart and is their second highest-charting song after "My Number". The song was number 45 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008.

## Charts

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 6 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 26 |
# In Degrees

"In Degrees" is the fourth single by British indie rock band, Foals off their fifth studio album, Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost – Part 1. The single, released 10 May 2019 was supplemented by a house/club remix by German EDM producer/DJ Purple Disco Machine and an official music video which premiered a few days later on 15 May 2019.

## Music video

The music video, directed by Aaron Brown (of L.A production, Focus Creeps) was released 15 May 2019.
Filmed in Brazil, the video features the band (including touring members Jeremy Pritchard and percussionist Kit Montieth) dressed in tropical apparel performing within the "Ilha Musical" (Musical Island), an amphitheater (a notable tourist attraction for its brutalist design by Décio Tozzi) located in the Villa-Lobos State Park in São Paulo during an outdoor rave between sunset and nightfall.

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Mexico Airplay (Billboard) | 36 |
| Mexico Ingles Airplay (Billboard) | 1 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 34 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 82 |
# Pieter Lehrer

Pieter Sand Lehrer, (born 29 January 1965) is a sprint canoer from Antigua and Barbuda who competed in the mid-1990s. At the 1996 Summer Olympics, he advanced to the semifinals of the C-2 1000 m event, but did not compete. Lehrer was the head coach for the Harvard Crimson men's soccer program until 2019.