OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leitneria

Leitneria floridana (corkwood), the sole species in the genus Leitneria, is a deciduous dioecious shrub or small tree, found only in the southern United States states of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Missouri and Texas.
It grows at damp habitats, mostly in coastal areas and has extremely light wood with a density less than that of cork. It typically reaches 2–4 m tall, occasionally up to 8 m. The trunk can reach 10 cm in diameter. The leaves are alternate, simple lanceolate, 5–20 cm long and 3–6 cm broad.
In the past, it was treated as the only species in the family Leitneriaceae of the order Leitneriales, but genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has recently resulted in its being transferred to the family Simaroubaceae in the Sapindales. It is named after the German natural scientist E. F. Leitner.

## Fossil record

A single, strongly compressed endocarp has been collected from the sediments of the Villa San Faustino site in Italy. This isolated specimen demonstrates that †Leitneria venosa persisted in Italy until the Early Pleistocene. Leitneria sp. is also among the species listed in the Early Pliocene San Gimigniano flora. In northern Italy several endocarps of L. venosa have been found at the top of the Cervo River of Late Pliocene age. Leitneria was a rare element in the late Cenozoic floras of Italy
# Thurles Poor Law Union

Thurles Poor Law Union, was an Irish Poor law union officially declared on 28 March 1839. It covered an area of 195 square miles (510 km$^2$), mostly in North Tipperary but also including some of South Tipperary. Although the boundaries of some poor law unions changed during the course of the 19th century, the Thurles union seems to have retained its original boundaries.
There were 41 members of its Board of Guardians (which met on Tuesday each week), of which 10 were ex officio and 31 were elected to represent the 21 electoral divisions in the union. These divisions, each, unless otherwise specified below, electing one member of the board, were as follows:
* Ballycahill
* Ballymoreen
* Buolick (or Boolick or Baolick) – electing 2 guardians
* Burris (Borrisleigh or Twomileborris)
* Burrisoleigh (or Borrisoleigh) – electing 3 guardians
* Drom
* Fermor
* Holycross
* Inch
* Kilcooly
* East Loughmore
* West Loughmore
* Moyaliffe (or Mealiffe) – electing 2 guardians
* Moycarkey
* Moyne
* Rahealty
* Templebeg
* Templeree
* Templemore – electing 3 guardians
* Templetoohy
* Thurles – electing 5 guardians
At the time of the 1831 census, the population of the area that later made up the union was 64,235, the divisional populations ranging from 1,237 in Ballymoreen district to 10,459 in Thurles district.
A workhouse for the union was built in 1841–1842, at a cost of £5,840 plus £1,260 for fittings, on a 6.5-acre (2.6 ha) site to the north-west of Thurles town, in the townland of Gortataggart. It was designed by George Wilkinson, the Poor Law Commissioners' architect, and was based on one of his standard plans, with the intention that it accommodate 700 people. It was declared fit for use on 25 April 1842 and the first inmates were admitted on 7 November that year.
The Poor Law Commissioners had the power to dissolve any Board of Guardians that was "failing to provide sufficient funds, or to apply them efficiently in relieving the destitute" and to install their own officers. A total of 32 boards in Ireland were dissolved in 1847. In 1849, six more boards were dissolved, including those for three contiguous poor law union in County Tipperary: Thurles, Cashel and Tipperary. On 29 June 1849, Henry William Massy, former chairman of the Board of Guardians for Tipperary Poor Law Union told the Select Committee on Poor Laws (Ireland) at Westminster that the "sealed orders for the dissolution of the Board of Guardians came down on the 9th of January 1849", so it is possible that the Thurles board was dissolved at the same time.
# Keikyū Daishi Line

The Keikyu Daishi Line (京急大師線, Keikyū Daishi-sen) is a 4.5 km (2.8 mi) railway line in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Keikyu. It connects Keikyu Kawasaki Station and Kojimashinden Station, both located in Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki.

## Service patterns

Keikyu Daishi Line services are operated only by four-car electric multiple unit (EMU) trains, stopping at all stations between Keikyu Kawasaki and Kojimashinden. During the weekday off-peak, trains run at 10-minute intervals, increased to 5-minute intervals during the morning and evening peaks.

## Stations

All stations are located in Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki.
| No. | Station name | Japanese | Distance (km) | Transfers |
| KK20 | Keikyu Kawasaki | 京急川崎 | 0.0 | KK Keikyu Main Line |
| KK21 | Minatochō | 港町 | 1.2 | |
| KK22 | Suzukichō | 鈴木町 | 2.0 | |
| KK23 | Kawasaki-Daishi | 川崎大師 | 2.5 | |
| KK24 | Higashi-Monzen | 東門前 | 3.2 | |
| KK25 | Daishibashi (Formerly: Sangyo Doro) | 大師橋 (Formerly: 産業道路) | 3.8 | |
| KK26 | Kojimashinden | 小島新田 | 4.5 | |

## Rolling stock

Services on the line are operated using four-car Keikyu 1500 series EMUs, but are occasionally operated by other types, including four-car Keikyu 600 series, or Keikyu N1000 series EMUs.

## History

The line was opened on 21 January 1899 by the Daishi Electric Railway (大師電気鉄道), as a standard gauge line electrified at 600 V DC, between Kawasaki Station (later renamed Rokugōbashi Station (六郷橋駅), which closed in 1949) and Daishi Station (later renamed Kawasaki-Daishi Station). The company was renamed Keihin Electric Railway (京浜電気鉄道) on 25 April 1899. The line was double-tracked over its entire length from 29 November the same year, and extended from Rokugōbashi Station to the present-day Keikyu Kawasaki Station on 1 September 1902.
The line was extended to Sakuramoto in 1945, and the overhead line voltage was raised from the original 600 V DC to 1,500 V DC on 16 March 1951 except for the Shiohama to Sakuramoto section, which was transferred to the Kawasaki Streetcar Co. and operated as a tramway.
Originally, the line was built to transport the visitors of Kawasaki Daishi buddhist temple. But later, factory workers increased, as the east side of the temple became an industrial zone.
# Xystochroma zikani

Xystochroma zikani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965.
# J.M. Huber Corporation

J.M. Huber Corporation is a corporation that produces consumer and industrial products. The J.M. Huber Corporation received the IMD-Lombard Odier Global Family Business Award for 2013.

## History

The J.M. Huber Corporation was founded in 1883 by Joseph Maria Huber, an immigrant from Prussia (now Germany).

## Overview

The J.M. Huber Corporation is headquartered in Edison, New Jersey.
Huber's product portfolio covers a range of consumer and industrial items, including oral care and personal care, food and beverage, etc.
CP Kelco has six plants—Großenbrode, Germany (Pectin); Lille Skensved, Denmark (Pectin, Carrageenan, Refined Locust Bean Gum); Okmulgee, Oklahoma (Xanthan Gum); San Diego, California (Xanthan Gum, Gellan Gum); Rizhao, China (Xanthan Gum, Diutan Gum); and, Limeira, Brazil (Pectin).

## Subsidiaries

The company comprises four subsidiaries:
* CP Kelco
* Huber Engineered Materials
* Huber Engineered Woods
* Huber Resources Corp.
# Loughmoe West

Loughmoe West is a civil parish in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is one of 21 civil parishes in the barony of Eliogarty. The River Suir to the east forms the boundary with the parish of Loughmoe East. The village of Loughmore is situated in the townland of Tinvoher.
# 2013 Pinetown crash

On September 5, 2013, an articulated truck drove through a red light at high speed, killing 26 people (later becoming 27) and injuring at least 80, in Pinetown, South Africa. After a light turned green at the junction of Richmond/Josiah Gumede Roads, several vehicles (including taxis full of home-bound commuters) began advancing and were struck side-on moments later by a truck careening down Field's Hill. The driver maintained that the brakes had failed as it descended the notorious hill approaching the intersection. The crash was filmed by the dashcam of a vehicle that had been waiting for the light to turn green. Another angle was also captured on a security camera.

## Aftermath

The incident provoked a statement from the acting President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, who expressed grief and emphasized the need for mindfulness when driving: "The loss of such a high number of people, some of them breadwinners, is painful and has affected so many households negatively. We urge road users, especially drivers, to exercise caution on the roads especially when carrying passengers."
After the crash, it was reported that the truck's license had recently expired. Subsequently, the driver Sanele Goodness May, a 23-year-old citizen from Swaziland was taken to court under multiple charges including homicide and reckless driving. He pleaded guilty to all charges and was sentenced to 8 years.
Local City Councillor Rick Crouch has been vocal about the Provincial Government's failure in stopping the carnage on Field's Hill, going as far as accusing the KwaZulu-Natal MEC for Transport, Community Safety and Liaison Willies Mchunu of practicing "tombstone legislation". Councillor Rick Crouch has been campaigning for stricter rules for trucks on Field's Hill.
# Sri Lanka Railways W1

Sri Lanka Railways W1 is a class of Sri Lankan diesel-hydraulic locomotive that was built by Rheinstahl Henschel in 1969 for use by Sri Lanka Railways (SLR). This is the first diesel-hydraulic locomotive to run on Sri Lankan rails.

## Origins

Forty-five W1s were imported to Sri Lanka in 1969, which made the W1 the most numerous class of SLR locomotive that time. During that time period, the only operational diesel locomotives were the Class M1 and M2. Most other services were carried out by steam locomotives. But with the introduction of W1s, most steam locomotives were taken out of service and the services operated by them were taken over by the diesels.

## In Service

The W1 along with the M6 classes were used to operate Main Line trains such as the Udarata Menike and Podi Menike for about 25 years until 1995.
The Class W1 locomotive can be operated on any of Sri Lanka's railway lines.With the declination of the W1s, two locomotives (Nos. 650 & 657) were fitted with new Paxman VEGA SE/RP 160 prime movers with a power output of power 1250hp.

## Decline

By the 1990's, most of W1s were out of service owing to problems in the prime mover. Some units were afflicted serious damages due to accidents; these condemned locomotives were scrapped. By 2011, only 2 units were in running condition; these were used for light duties. By 2012, none of the W1s were operational excluding No. 657, which was a yard shunter at Dematagoda in 2016.

## Class W3

In 1997, 10 Class W1 locomotives were extensively refurbished. Sri Lanka Railways and Adtranz were involved in this process. During this refurbishment, the locomotives were fitted with new power plants, power transmission systems and electronic engine control systems, and given a new Blue and silver livery.
These extensively modified W1s were classified as the Class W3. All of these locomotives are still in active service today.
# Ukhtanes of Sebastia

Ukhtanes of Sebastia (Armenian: Ուխտանես Սեբաստացի, Ukhtanes Sebastatsi; c. 935–1000) was an Armenian historian and prelate.
Educated at the Monastery of Narek under the tutelage of its founder Anania, he eventually attained to the bishopric of Sebastia (c. 970-85) and probably also of Urha (post-985). Ukhtanes is principally known for his History in Three Parts, which consists of History of the Patriarchs and Kings of Armenia, History of the Severance of the Georgians and Armenians, and On the Baptism of the Nation Called Tzad.
# Freedom for Palestine

"Freedom for Palestine" is a song by OneWorld, a collective of musicians, artists, campaign groups and charities working together to "raise awareness of the Israeli occupation of Palestine and the resulting poverty and other human rights abuses." The song, released on 3 July 2011, is a compilation number, similar to "Free Nelson Mandela" or "Feed the World". Its lyrics mention "catastrophes, refugees, crimes against humanity, prison camps, occupation, human rights and justice."
Artists on the video include Maxi Jazz (Faithless), Dave Randall (Slovo/Faithless), LSK, the Durban Gospel Choir, members of the London Community Gospel Choir, Jamie Catto (1 Giant Leap) and musicians from around the world. Proceeds from the song go to the charity War on Want for projects in Palestine.
The song went in at number 10 in the UK indie charts and entered the UK Singles Chart on 10 July 2011 at number 79.

## Background

According to the project website: "Palestine is in crisis. Today Palestinians face daily human rights abuse and live in crushing poverty in refugee camps and under Israeli Occupation. In response to this injustice, a group of international musicians are releasing the song Freedom for Palestine by OneWorld."
According to the song's official website, it is supported by War on Want, A. M. Qattan Foundation, Palestine Solidarity Campaign, Jews for Justice for Palestinians, A Just Peace for Palestine, Friends of al-Aqsa, Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions UK, Stop the War Coalition and Trust Greenbelt.

## Reception

Archbishop Desmond Tutu, musician Roger Waters, Bristol based trip hop duo Massive Attack, British actress Julie Christie, UK Hip-hop artist Lowkey, singer-songwriter Sami Yusuf, musician and activist Billy Bragg, film director Ken Loach, writer and dub poet Benjamin Zephaniah, comedian Mark Thomas, and award winning author and civil rights activist Alice Walker all endorsed the song. UK natural cosmetics manufacturer and retailer Lush also publicly supported the song.
An Early Day Motion was proposed in the British Parliament by Liberal Democrat MP Bob Russell, seconded by Peter Bottomley, commending Tutu for his promotion of the song, and calling on the "Government to join forces with governments around the world to put pressure on Israel to honour UN resolutions." In the United States, Glenn Beck was critical, calling it "evil" and "pure propaganda" on his Fox News television show.

## Coldplay

On 1 June 2011, UK rock band Coldplay posted on their Facebook page "Some of our friends are involved in OneWorld's new 'Freedom for Palestine' single" with a link to the website and the video clip, causing controversy. Over 6,000 Facebook users quickly used the "Like" feature, and the posting soon received 12,000 comments. Coldplay's link to the video drew attention from many fans, both agreeing and disagreeing with the message of the song. On 6 June reports indicated that Coldplay had removed the link to the song from their Facebook wall with no explanation. According to Frank Barat of OneWorld, the link was not removed by Coldplay, but by Facebook after thousands of people reported it as abusive."
# Gilbert de Botton

Gilbert de Botton (Hebrew: גילברט דה בוטון; 16 February 1935 – 27 August 2000) was an Egyptian-Israeli-Swiss financial pioneer, who is considered the inventor of the open architecture model of asset management, whereby a financial institution offers third-party products to their clients. He was also a prominent art collector.

## Early life

Gilbert de Botton was born in Alexandria, Egypt, to a distinguished Sephardic Jewish family. Among his ancestors was the rabbinical scholar Abraham de Boton. Gilbert was brought up largely by his mother's parents. His mother Yolande Harmer, a journalist and Israeli intelligence officer, died in 1959. He also saw little of his father, who was an oil company representative.
De Botton was educated at Victoria College, Alexandria; the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he studied economics; and Columbia University in the US, where he earned a master's degree.

## Career

In 1968, when the British and French Rothschild banking houses decided jointly to establish an operation in Zurich, de Botton was recruited as its first managing director. He went on to serve briefly as president of Rothschilds in New York in 1982.
In 1983, Gilbert de Botton founded the Global Asset Management financial firm, a multinational asset management firm, later incorporated into UBS AG until December 2005, when it was acquired by Julius Baer. Upon selling his stakes in the company in 1999, de Botton received a large sum of money, whose size has never been officially confirmed by buyer or seller. His wealth was estimated by one source to have reached £234 million in 1999 (equivalent to £512,195,221 in 2023).

## Legacy

In 2003, GAM and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) announced the creation of the GAM Gilbert de Botton Award in Finance Research, an annual award given in recognition of outstanding research in finance, in honour of Gilbert de Botton.
He was also known as a scholar of Montaigne; his collection of books now comprises "The Montaigne Library" at the Cambridge University Library in the UK.

## Personal life

Gilbert de Botton married Jacqueline Burgauer in 1962. The marriage was dissolved in 1988. They had two children: a son, the writer Alain de Botton, and a daughter, Miel de Botton, a philanthropist and art collector. In 1990, he married Janet Green (née Wolfson), the eldest daughter of businessman Leonard Wolfson, Baron Wolfson, of the Great Universal Stores family, and previously married to broadcasting executive Michael Green. Dame Janet de Botton is also a prominent collector of modern art.
# Wilson–Bappu effect

The Ca II K line in cool stars is among the strongest emission lines which originates in the star's chromosphere. In 1957, Olin C. Wilson and M. K. Vainu Bappu reported on the remarkable correlation between the measured width of the aforementioned emission line and the absolute magnitude of the star. This is known as the Wilson–Bappu effect. The correlation is independent of spectral type and is applicable to stellar classification main sequence types G, K, and Red giant type M. The greater the emission band, the brighter the star, which is correlated with distance empirically.
The main interest of the Wilson–Bappu effect is in its use for determining the distance of stars too remote for direct measurements. It can be studied using nearby stars, for which independent distance measurements are possible, and it can be expressed in a simple analytical form. In other words, the Wilson–Bappu effect can be calibrated with stars within 100 parsecs from the Sun. The width of the emission core of the K line (W$_0$) can be measured in distant stars, so, knowing W$_0$ and the analytical form expressing the Wilson–Bappu effect, we can determine the absolute magnitude of a star. The distance of a star follows immediately from the knowledge of both absolute and apparent magnitude, provided that the interstellar reddening of the star is either negligible or well known.
The first calibration of the Wilson–Bappu effect using distance from Hipparcos parallaxes was made in 1999 by Wallerstein et al. A later work also used W$_0$ measurements on high-resolution spectra taken with CCD, but a smaller sample.
According to the latest calibration, the relation between absolute visual magnitude (M$_v$) expressed in magnitudes and W$_0$, transformed in km/s, is the following:
    $M_{V}=33.2-18.0\log(W_{0})$
The data error, however, is quite large: about 0.5 mag, rendering the effect too imprecise to significantly improve the cosmic distance ladder. Another limitation comes from the fact that the measurement of W$_0$ in distant stars is very challenging, requires long observations at big telescopes. Sometimes the emission feature in the core of the K line is affected by the interstellar extinction. In these cases an accurate measurement of W$_0$ is not possible.
The Wilson–Bappu effect is also valid for the Mg II k line. However, the Mg II k line is at 2796.34 Å in the ultraviolet, and since the radiation at this wavelength does not reach the Earth's surface it can only be observed with satellites such as the International Ultraviolet Explorer.
In 1977, Stencel published a spectroscopic survey that showed that the wing emission features seen in the broad wings of the K line among higher luminosity late type stars, share a correlation of line width and M$_v$ similar to the Wilson–Bappu effect.
# Sugarfoot (film)

Sugarfoot is a 1951 American Western film directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Randolph Scott.
Aside from the title, the film has nothing to do with the 1957 television series of the same name, which was inspired by Michael Curtiz's The Boy from Oklahoma (1954) starring Will Rogers Jr. However, because of the lingering popularity of the TV show, Warner Brothers temporarily changed this film's title to A Swirl of Glory when it was first syndicated to television in 1962. More recent appearances of the film though, particularly online, indicate that the original title has since been restored to the movie's opening credits.

## Plot

Jackson Redan, a Confederate States Army veteran of the American Civil War, attempts to rebuild his life by moving to Arizona Territory. His politeness and courtly Southern gentleman demeanor cause the residents of Prescott to name him Sugarfoot. Among his new acquaintances are merchant Don Miguel Wormser and saloon singer Reva Cairn. An enemy from Redan's past, Jacob Stint, has also taken up residence in Prescott and pays unwanted attention to Reva. Redan rescues her, but afterwards treats her coldly. Wormser entrusts Redan with four thousand dollars, which Stint steals, but Wormser forgives Redan. On business for Wormser, Redan makes a favorable deal, which earns him the enmity of Wormser's rival, Asa Goodhue. Redan reclaims the stolen four thousand dollars from Stint, but is shot in the process. Reva nurses him during his recovery, which thaws his attitude towards her. Stint and Goodhue continue to cheat the townspeople, so Redan puts aside his courtliness to end their villainy.

## Cast

* Randolph Scott as Jackson 'Sugarfoot' Redan
* Adele Jergens as Reva Cairn
* Raymond Massey as Jacob Stint
* S. Z. Sakall as Don Miguel Wormser
* Robert Warwick as J.C. Crane
* Arthur Hunnicutt as Fly-Up-the-Creek Jones
* Hugh Sanders as Asa Goodhue
* Philo McCullough as Man in Saloon (uncredited)