OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kalaw–Thazi Railway

Kalaw-Thazi Railway is a 1000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) meter gauge railway line that runs from Thazi Station to Kalaw Station. It is the second railway in Shan State constructed by the British, following the Northern Shan Railway.

## History

The British initially aimed to connect the mountainous town of Kalaw to Thazi by rail. In 1909, the government granted permission for the construction of the Thazi-Shwenyaung line. The construction was carried out by the Burma Railway Company under a lease, funded by local revenue.
Construction from Thazi began in 1912, and during this period, the outbreak of World War I led to the deployment of Turkish prisoners of war as laborers. On December 15, 1914, the railway reached Kalaw. Due to its elevation at 1,406 meters above sea level, the route to Kalaw was a mountainous path built with several viaducts and tunnels. The Cave tunnel was completed in 1913.
Similar to the Mandalay-Lashio section, the mountainous terrain required cutting through steep slopes and ravines, making the construction challenging and costly, with expenses totaling over 15 million rupees (210,000 rupees per mile). When the line from Thazi reached Aungban, about 70 miles away, the government transferred operations to the Burma Railway Company. Subsequently, the line was extended from Aungban 17 miles to Heho and another 11 miles from Heho to Shwenyaung.
The final stretch from Kalaw to Shwenyaung was completed in 1921, with the railway reaching Shwenyaung on May 2, 1921. The "Cycle of Life Bridge" located at milepost 379/7-8 between Heho and Shwenyaung became famous.

## Stations

** (1) Kalaw 369
** (2) Myin Daik 361
** (3) Hsin Taung 357 1/4
** (4) Khway Yok 352
** (5) Pa Ta Ma Lun Hto 347
** (6) Le Byin 343 3/4
** (7) Ye Bu 341 1/2
** (8) Pyi Nyaung 334 3/4
** (9) Yin Ma Pin 329
** (10) Pa Ya Nga Zu 319 1/4 Spur Line to the quarry
** (11) Hlaing Tet 314 3/4
** (12) Thazi 306 (Junction) to Mandalay and Pyinmana
# RHAU

RHAU (RNA Helicase associated with AU-rich element, also known as DHX36 or G4R1) is a 114-kDa human RNA helicase of the DEAH-box family of helicases encoded by the DHX36 gene.

## Structure

Structurally, RHAU is a 1008 amino acid-long modular protein. It consists of a ~440-amino acid helicase core comprising all signature motifs of the DEAH-box family of helicases with N- and C-terminal flanking regions of ~180 and ~380 amino acids, respectively. Like all the DEAH-box proteins, the helicase associated domain is located adjacent to the helicase core region and occupies 75% of the C-terminal region.

## Function

RHAU exhibits a unique ATP-dependent guanine-quadruplex (G4) resolvase activity and specificity for its substrate in vitro. RHAU binds G4-nucleic acid with sub-nanomolar affinity and unwinds G4 structures much more efficiently than double-stranded nucleic acid. Consistent with these biochemical observations, RHAU was also identified as the major source of tetramolecular RNA-resolving activity in HeLa cell lysates.
Previous work showed that RHAU associates with mRNAs and re-localises to stress granules (SGs) upon translational arrest induced by various environmental stresses. A region of the first 105 amino acid was shown to be critical for RNA binding and re-localisation to SGs.
# Balbridie

Balbridie is the site of a Neolithic long house in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, situated on the south bank of the River Dee, east of Banchory. The site is one of the earliest known permanent Neolithic settlements in Scotland, dating from 3400 to 4000 BC. This is the largest Neolithic long house to be excavated in Britain. In a European context, Whittle said such large Neolithic timber houses are rare, citing Balbridie, a hall in Cambridgeshire, and Fengate as a small set of such finds.
Neolithic features found in a later excavation at Dreghorn included post holes indicating a large rectangular structure comparable to Balbridie.
In 2022, a study of nitrogen content ancient grain at the site by the University of Stavanger and Durham University published in the journal Antiquity revealed details of neolithic farming techniques at the site suggesting that manure was not used in the area because of the quality of its soil.

## Discovery

The Balbridie site was discovered in 1976 by aerial photography carried out by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. The unusually dry summer revealed previously undetected cropmarks suggesting a very large structure. Subsequent archaeological work on site allowed the conceptual reconstruction of an enormous timber structure including the identification of large timber postholes.

## Relationship to other very early features

The vicinity of Balbridie includes a number of other notable archaeological features including the Neolithic site of Bucharn. Watt has pointed out that this local area attracted an unusual density of very early settlement in Scotland. Balbridie is not only close to the River Dee but also to the Elsick Mounth trackway, the route of early crossings inland through the lower Grampian Mountains.
# Los Banos High School

Los Banos High School (pronounced "Loss-Ban-ohse") is a high school located in Los Banos, California, United States, in Merced County. Its sports programs play in the California Interscholastic Federation, Sac-Joaquin Section, Division IV, Central California Conference.

## Notable alumni

* Susan Atkins, member of the Manson Family
# Fryderyk Sapieha

Fryderyk Sapieha (before 1599 - 1650) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble from Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Voivode of Mścisław (1647-1650), podkomorzy of Vitebsk (from 1620), starost of Ostryń (from 1611). Studied in Vilnius and Ingolstadt. Deputy to Sejm in 1624. Fought in the Polish-Swedish War (1625–1629) and Smolensk War with Muscovy (1633-1634).
* This biography of a Polish noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This biographical article about a member of the Lithuanian nobility is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Vagif Samadoghlu Medal

The Vagif Samadoghlu Medal is a literary award named after Vagif Samadoghlu, a prominent representative of Azerbaijani poetry of the twentieth century, one of the pioneers of the "literary generation of the 60s" and one of the reformers of Azerbaijani free verse.
The medal, intended for famous figures of literature and culture, public figures of both Azerbaijan and different countries of the world, has been awarded since 2019 by the Vagif Samadoghlu Center according to two main criteria:
* For propaganda of Azerbaijani literature and culture, especially the poetic heritage of Vagif Samadoghlu;
* For contribution to world literature and especially world poetry;
The medal was made by sculptor and artist Kyamran Asadov.

## Winners
### 2019

* Anar
* Elkhan Zal
* Farid Huseyn
* Rustam Kamal
* Aliya Samadova
* Irada Musayeva

### 2020

* Dyusen Kaseynov (Kazakhstan)
* Samad Vakilov
* Kamran Asadov
* Ulviyya Heydarova
* Afag Bashirgyzy
* Valeh Karimov
* Kamran Yunis
* Khazar Suleymanli

### 2021

* Karim Valiyev
* Ramiz Hasanoglu
* Aryeh Gut (Israel)

### 2022

* Nushaba Babaeva-Vakilova
* Mobil Babaev

### 2023

* Salim Babullaoghlu

### 2025

* Rustam Dastanoglu
# Miguel Silva Júnior

Miguel Silva Júnior (born 20 December 1948) is a former Brazilian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Undeclared war

An undeclared war is a military conflict between two or more nations without either side issuing a formal declaration of war. The term is sometimes used to include any disagreement or conflict fought about without an official declaration. Since the United Nations' police action in the Korean War, some governments have pursued disciplinary actions and limited warfare by characterizing them as something else such as a military action or armed response.
Under customary international law, it is not necessary to declare war—simply beginning hostilities is sufficient to make belligerent intentions clear.

## United States

There is no specific format required under United States law for the way an official war declaration will be structured or delivered. The United States Constitution states: "The Congress shall have Power […] To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water".
As of September 2024, the United States Congress has formally declared war 11 times, and has not done so since 1942; 6 of these were WWII declarations. The United States did not declare war during its involvement in Vietnam, although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized the escalation and use of military force in the Vietnam War without a formal declaration of war. On at least 125 occasions a US president has employed military forces without authorization from Congress. One of the most significant of these occasions was the Korean War, where the United States led a peacekeeping United Nations force to stop North Korea's invasion against South Korea. The conflict resulted in over 142,000 American casualties (about 40,000 deaths and over 100,000 injuries).

## Russia

No formal declaration of war has been issued in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. When Russia's president Vladimir Putin announced the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, he announced the start of a "Special military operation", side-stepping a formal declaration of war.

## Other examples

The Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom (April–June 1982) was never formally declared as a war.
# Paweł Jan Sapieha

Paul John Sapieha (Lithuanian: Povilas Jonas Sapiega) (1609–1665) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic).
Sapieha became a Hussar Rotmistrz in 1633, courtier in 1635, Obozny of Lithuania in 1638, Podstoli of Lithuania in 1645, voivode of the Vitebsk Voivodeship in 1646, voivode of the Vilnius Voivodeship and Great Hetman of Lithuania in 1656.
He participated in the Battle of Berestechko against Cossacks in 1651. During "The Deluge" he dislodged the Swedish troops from Lublin, took part in the siege of Warsaw and captured Tykocin Castle in 1657. Together with Stefan Czarniecki, he defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Polonka in 1660.
He was a supporter of the vivente rege elections.

## Marriage and children

He first married Zofia Zienowicz, with whom he had two children:
* Teodora Aleksandra Sapieha, married Vladislaus Tyszkiewicz and Aleksander Krzysztof Naruszewicz
* Michał Sapieha.
He later married Anna Barbara Kopeć and had eight more children:
* John Casimir Sapieha (1637–1720), Grand Hetman of Lithuania,
* Benedykt Paweł Sapieha (1643–1707), Lithuanian Grand Treasurer,
* Franciszek Stefan Sapieha (1643–1686), Marshal of the Sejm,
* Leon Bazyli Sapieha (1652–1686), Treasurer of the Lithuanian court and Lithuanian army general,
* Katarzyna Anna Sapieha (161–1717), married Jan Stanisław Lipski and Alexander Michael Lubomirski,
* Konstancja Sapieha (1651–1691), married Hieronim Sanguszko (1651-1685),
* Zofia Sapieha (1650–1694), married Mikołaj Wiktoryn Grudziński (1636-1704),
* Teresa Sapieha (1652–1737).
# Jakub Szydłowiecki

Jakub Szydłowiecki (born around 1456, died 1509) was a Polish nobleman and politician. In the years 1493-1501 he was Burgrave of Kraków and was a courtier of the king from 1496, Treasurer of the Crown Court in 1497, Grand Teasurer of the Crown from 1501 to 1506, and castellan and starost of Sandomierz, Sochaczew and Łęczyca.

## Family

Jakub Szydłowiecki was son (probably fourth) of Stanisław Szydłowiecki and his first wife Barbara ze Starosiedlic i Orońska. He had four siblings - brothers: two named Stanisław, which died in childhood, and Jan (d. before 29 March 1507), a scholastic of Płock, and sister Katarzyna, wife of Stanisław z Grocholic. Jakub had also 7 half-brothers and 8 half-sisters from the second marriage of Stanisław Szydłowiecki with Zofia z Godździkowa, among them Krzysztof Szydłowiecki, Piotr Szydłowiecki, Mikołaj Szydłowiecki, Elżbieta, wife of Andrzej Zborowski, a castellan of Żarnów, and Anna, wife of Wojciech Sobek.
Around 1492 he married Zofia. She was from the family with Półkozic coat of arm. Zofia was well educated, she was writing letters in Latin. Zofia died after 7 May 1519.

## Foundations

In the years 1493–1509 in place of a wooden church, he built a brick church in Szydlowiec of local sandstone, and undertook a renovation of Ćmielów Castle
He probably gave an image of Assumption Mary to the church in Ćmielów.
# Krzysztof Szydłowiecki

Krzysztof Szydłowiecki (1467–1532) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), magnate, and Count of Szydłowiec.
He was courtier since 1496, Podstoli of Kraków, Treasurer and Marshal of the Court of Prince Zygmunt since 1505, Podkomorzy of Kraków and Court Treasurer of the Crown from 1507 to 1510, castellan of Sandomierz since 1509, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown since 1511, Great Chancellor of the Crown and voivode of Kraków Voivodeship from 1515 to 1527 and castellan of Kraków since 1527. Szydłowiecki was also the Starost of Sieradz, Gostynin, Sochaczew, Nowokrocze, and Łuków.
He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

## Gallery

* Coat of arms of Chancellor Krzysztof Szydłowiecki in Liber Genesos ilustris Familiae Shidlovicae
* Krzysztof Szydłowiecki tomb effigy in Opatów, 16th century
# Central Auditing Commission of the Chinese Communist Party

The Central Auditing Commission is an agency of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party responsible for auditing work.

## History

The Commission was established in March 2018 as part of reforms in Party and State structures to strengthen the CCP's leadership over auditing work.

## Functions

The Office of the Central Auditing Commission is located within the National Audit Office.

## Membership
### 19th Central Committee

* Director
** Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, President of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission
* Deputy Directors
** Li Keqiang, Premier of China, member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
** Zhao Leji, Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

### 20th Central Committee

* Director
** Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, President of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission
* Deputy Directors
** Li Qiang, Premier of China, member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
** Cai Qi, First-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat, member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
# Jusif Ali

Jusif Joose Ali (born 4 May 2000) is a footballer who plays for Al-Merrikh in the Super D1. Born in Finland, Ali plays for the Sudan national team.

## Club career

Ali spent his early career with Klubi 04, FC Ilves and JJK. In August 2018, 18-year old Ali moved on loan to Dinamo Zagreb with an option to buy.
Ali then went on a one-week trial at Slovenian club NK Aluminij, before Cypriot club Pafos FC offered him a contract. He joined the club in September 2019 and was registered for the club's U21 squad. Ali scored five goals in 18 games for the youth teams of the club.
Ali returned to Finland and on 6 September 2020, he signed with Ykkönen club AC Oulu.
On 18 January 2021, Ali signed for HIFK.
On 28 November 2022, Ali signed a contract with Lahti for the 2023 season.
In 2024 he began playing for LePa/Via Alberga, in Kutonen, the Finnish eight-tier.
In January 2025, Ali signed with Sudanese club Al-Merrikh, competing in Mauritanian Super D1.

## International career

Born and raised in Finland, Ali has a Sudanese father, He is a former youth international for Finland. He received his first call-up to the Sudan national team in 2023. He debuted with Sudan in a 1–0 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification win over DR Congo on 19 November 2023.

## Personal life

Ali is a devout Muslim.
# Saratoga raid

The Raid on Saratoga was an attack by a French and Indian force on the settlement of Saratoga, New York on November 28, 1745, during King George's War. Led by Paul Marin de la Malgue, the allied force of 600 burned the settlement, killing about 30 and taking 60 to 100 prisoners, in addition.
# Centrolepis aristata

Centrolepis aristata, commonly known as pointed centrolepis, is a species of plant in the Restionaceae family and is found in areas of southern Australia.

## Description

The annual herb has a tufted habit and typically grows to a height of 2 to 20 centimetres (0.8 to 7.9 in). It is a bright green colour becoming reddish after it flowers. The shiny, glabrous, thin, pointed leaves are typically 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length with a width of 1.6 millimetres (0.06 in). It flowers between August and December. The flower heads have a flattened oblong-ovoid shape and are around 3 mm (0.12 in) wide. the flowers have a brown base and two long opposite primary bracts. Between 6-22 flowers form in a terminal cluster, the flowers have a brown to yellowish colour. Brown ovoid fruit follow that contain small soft seeds. The seeds are fusiform and 0.6 to 0.8 mm (0.024 to 0.031 in) long.

## Classification

The species was first formally described by the botanist Robert Brown and then by Johann Jacob Roemer and Josef August Schultes in 1817 in the work Systema Vegetabilium.

## Distribution

It is found among rocky outcrops and in winter wet depressions in the Mid West, Wheatbelt, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia where it grows in damp sandy-clay-loam soils over granite. In South Australia it is found along much of the south coast, all of the Eyre Peninsula and Yorke Peninsula, through all of the southeast and as far north as the Flinders Ranges. The plant is also found in New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania.
# Everard t'Serclaes

Everard t'Serclaes, Lord of Kruikenburg (c. 1320 – 31 March 1388) was a citizen of Brussels who was made famous by his recovery of the city from the Flemings. His brother, Jean, was bishop of Cambrai.
After the death of John III of Brabant on 5 December 1355, his daughter Joanna and her husband, Wenceslaus, succeeded him as rulers of the duchy. Their succession was disputed by the count of Flanders, Louis de Male. Louis invaded Brabant and quickly seized Brussels. On the night of 24 October 1356, Everard scaled the city walls leading a group of patriots and drove the Flemings from the city. This enabled Joanna and Wenceslaus to make their Joyous Entry into the city.
Everard was later made schepen (alderman) of the city five times. As an old man he led the successful opposition to the selling of a section of crown land to Sweder of Abcoude, lord of Gaasbeek. A group led by Sweder's illegitimate son ambushed, beat, and mutilated Everard on the road from Lennik to Brussels. He died five days later as a result of the attack. In response, the citizens of Brussels, joined by allies from across Brabant, razed Gaasbeek Castle.
Everard is commemorated by a monument sculpted by artist Julien Dillens (1849–1904), which is located on Charles Buls street in Brussels, just off the Grand-Place. It is said among locals that the statue of Everard t'Serclaes brings luck and grants the wishes of all who touch it. Many tourists touch (or rather rub) the statue, particularly the arm, because legend has it that rubbing the arm will ensure one's return to Brussels. Other parts are also touched frequently by the tourists such as the face of an angel, a dog, and one of the shields. This constant polishing keeps the body shining compared to the rest of the sculpture.
# 500 Marquette

500 Marquette is a 15-story, 71.7 m (235 ft) high-rise office building located at 500 Marquette Avenue NW in Downtown Albuquerque, New Mexico. The building was designed by Dwayne Lewis Architects and was completed in 1986. It is the fourth tallest building in the city.
The top floor of the building was home to the Albuquerque Petroleum Club, a members-only dining club which closed in 2007. During the 1990s, 500 Marquette was owned and managed by the Chicago-based EQ Office.

## History

500 Marquette was built by Cavan Associates of Phoenix and opened in 1986, costing about $45 million in total. Part of the project was an attached parking garage, also intended to serve the recently completed City-County Building via a pedestrian walkway above 5th Street. The city negotiated a deal to lease about half the garage for that purpose. The office building struggled financially and went into foreclosure in 1989. Later that year it was sold to EQ Office. Bernalillo County was in negotiations to purchase the building in 2008, but ended up backing off from the deal due to the Great Recession.

## Architecture

500 Marquette is 235 feet (72 m) tall and has 15 stories, making it Albuquerque's fourth tallest building. Designed by Dwayne G. Lewis Architects, it consists of an 11-story trapezoidal block cantilevered over a four-story glass atrium, with a five-level parking garage extending to the south along 6th Street. The building has setbacks at the 8th and 10th floors and three corner balconies on the 5th through 7th floors. In front of the building entrance is a 12-foot (3.7 m) bronze sculpture by Allan Houser titled "The Future—Chiricahua Apache Family".
# Listed buildings in Kelfield, North Yorkshire

Kelfield is a civil parish in the former Selby district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains three listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Kelfield and the surrounding countryside, and the listed buildings consist of two farmhouses and a bridge.
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## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes |
| Corner Farmhouse 53°50′20″N 1°05′48″W﻿ / ﻿53.83877°N 1.09676°W﻿ / 53.83877; -1.09676﻿ (Corner Farmhouse) | | Early 18th century (probable) | The farmhouse is in brick, with a floor band, a dentilled eaves band, and a swept pantile roof with brick coping and tumbled brickwork on the gable ends. There are two storeys and three bays. The central doorway has pilasters, a decorative fanlight, a frieze and a dentilled hood. The windows are casements under elliptical arches. |
| Village Farmhouse 53°50′19″N 1°06′06″W﻿ / ﻿53.83857°N 1.10166°W﻿ / 53.83857; -1.10166﻿ (Village Farmhouse) | — | Mid 18th century | The farmhouse is in pinkish-brown brick, with a floor band, and an overhanging pantile roof with tumbled brickwork on the gable ends. There are two storeys and three bays. The central doorway has pilasters, a decorative fanlight, a frieze and a hood. The windows are sashes under elliptical arches. |
| Cawood Bridge 53°50′01″N 1°07′41″W﻿ / ﻿53.83374°N 1.12818°W﻿ / 53.83374; -1.12818﻿ (Cawood Bridge) | | 1872 | A swing bridge carrying the B1222 road over the River Ouse, it is in iron, and consists of five bays of segmental-arched girders with lattice work and railings. The middle span is the largest, and it revolves on a large disc supported by eight columns. The central piers have timber cutwaters, and on the bridge are iron lamps on wooden buttressing. |