OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ivo Pranjković

Ivo Pranjković (born 17 August 1947) is a Croatian linguist.

## Biography

Pranjković is a Bosnian Croat, born in Kotor Varoš in Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the classical secondary school in Visoko, he received a BA degree in Croatian from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb. In 1974 he became a member of the Department of Croatian at the same faculty. Today, he is a professor of standard Croatian.
As a learned linguist and philologist with a wide spectrum of interests, Pranjković made important contributions to several linguistic areas. His syntactic studies Croatian Syntax, Second Croatian Syntax and Croatian grammar (published in co-authorship with Josip Silić) are generally considered important works for the modern Croatian syntax. Other areas of his work are general linguistics, history of Croatian philology in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and the linguistic heritage of Bosnian Franciscans. This last topic was the subject of several studies of Pranjković, as well as the book Hrvatski jezik i franjevci Bosne Srebrene (Croatian and the Bosnian Franciscans), where he described the linguistic area which was crucial for the development and standardization of Croatian, but which was greatly neglected until his work.
Aside from linguistic theory and history, Pranjković engaged in many disputes and comments in the press, especially with his great rival, Stjepan Babić. His articles have been collected in several books. Pranjković has polemicized with virtually every Croatian linguist of the older generation. He has criticized their prescriptive approaches to language. However, French linguist Paul-Louis Thomas and Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić have described and criticized puristic and prescriptive tendencies even in Pranjković’s publications.
As a versatile linguist, Pranjković made important contributions to stylistics.

## Works

* August Musić, 1989
* Adolfo Veber Tkalčević, 1993
* Kronika hrvatskoga jezikoslovlja (Chronology of Croatian Linguistics), 1993
* Hrvatska skladnja (Croatian Syntax), 1993
* Lingvistički komentari (Linguistic Comments), 1997
* Jezikoslovna sporenja (Linguistic Disputes), 1997
* Hrvatski jezik i franjevci Bosne Srebrene (Croatian and the Bosnian Franciscans), 2000
* Druga hrvatska skladnja (Second Croatian Syntax), 2001
* Jezik i beletristika (Language and Belles Lettres), 2003
* Gramatika hrvatskoga jezika (Croatian Grammar), co-author, 2006
* Sučeljavanja: Polemički dueli oko hrvatskoga jezika i pravopisa, 2008
* Ogledi o jezičnoj pravilnosti, 2010
# Trabant X03

The Trabant X03 was a prototype car developed in the late 1980s as a potential successor to the Trabant 601, which had been in production since 1963. This initiative emerged from a collaboration between East Germany's IFA-Kombinat and West Germany's Volkswagen AG, aiming to modernize the Trabant lineup by incorporating contemporary design and technology.

## Overview

The X03 was based on the third-generation Volkswagen Polo (A03), which was under development at the time. The proposal included various body styles, such as 3- and 5-door hatchbacks, a sedan, and a station wagon, all designed to offer a more modern and versatile vehicle compared to its predecessor. Notably, the design work was led by renowned Italian designer Giorgetto Giugiaro. The vehicle was approximately 3.80 meters long and was planned to be equipped with Volkswagen's EA 111 four-stroke engine, which had already been introduced in the Trabant 1.1.
In early 1989, the X03 prototype was presented to East German officials, with plans to commence production by 1995. The proposal included an annual production capacity of 112,000 units, with development costs estimated at 600 million marks. However, the political upheavals of 1989, leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent reunification of Germany, rendered the project obsolete. Volkswagen canceled the X03 project at the end of 1989 and instead established a joint venture that led to the production of the Volkswagen Polo in Zwickau starting in May 1990.
# Giovanni Innocenti

Giovanni Innocenti (Italian pronunciation:; 13 February 1888 – December 1975) was an Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He represented the Italy national football team five times, the first being on 1 May 1913, the occasion of a friendly match against Belgium in a 1–0 home win.

## Honours
### Player
#### Pro Vercelli

Italian Football Championship: 1908, 1909, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13
# Dunsfort, County Down

Dunsfort is a civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Lecale Lower. It is also a townland of 384 acres.

## Settlements

The civil parish contains the following settlements:
* Ballyhornan

## Townlands

Dunsfort civil parish contains the following townlands:
* Ballybeg
* Ballyedock Lower
* Ballyedock Upper
* Ballyhornan
* Ballymenagh
* Bishops Court
* Corbally
* Dunsfort
* Guns Island
* Lismore
* Ringawaddy
* Sheepland Beg
* Sheepland More
* Tollumgrange Lower
* Tollumgrange Upper
* Tullynaskeagh
# Timi Garstang

Timi Hilly Garstang (born 21 July 1987 in Orange County, California, United States) is an American-born Marshallese track athlete. He represented his country at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Men's 100 meters and finished last in the qualifying heats with a time of 12.81 seconds. His time was over a second behind the next placed runner, Patrick Tuara, who had a time of 11.72 seconds.
# Bavarian A IV

Bavarian A IV engines were German 2-2-2 steam locomotives with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn).
The vehicles were developed for night journeys and operations on the North-South Railway. In order to increase the area of the evaporator, the boiler was increased in length to 3,080 mm and in diameter to 1,219 mm. In addition, the weight and the boiler overpressure were raised. These were the first engines to have an outside frame with outside cylinders. This class was used widely, especially in south Germany and in Austria. All the engines bar one were retired by 1883. The survivor was initially converted to a 0-6-0, and later a 0-4-2 wheel arrangement.
They were coupled to 3 T 5 tenders.
# Treaty of Berum

The Treaty of Berum was a treaty concluded on 28 January 1600 at Berum Castle, Berum, between Count Enno III of East Frisia and the County of Rietberg, which regulated the sale of the Lordships of Esens, Stedesdorf, and Wittmund to East Frisia.

## Background

With the death of Balthasar Oomkens von Esens in 1540, the Attena line of East Frisian chieftains ruling Esens, Stedesdorf, and Wittmund died out and the Harlingerland fell to the Counts of Rietberg, who were related to the Attenas. From 1540, Harlingerland was ruled by Count John II of Rietberg, the son of Balthasar's sister. After his death, the Harlingerland went to his second daughter, Walburgis. In 1581, she married Count Enno III of East Frisia. They had two daughters, who, by the Treaty of Berum, waived their right to inherit Harlingerland, in favour of Enno's son Rudolf Christian, from his first marriage.

## Contents

Sabine Catharine and her sister Agnes sold the Lordships of Esens, Stedesdorf, and Wittmund, and thus the entire Harlingerland, to their father, for 200000talers. The payment was later increased to 300000talers. Sabina Catherine, the elder sister, would inherit the county of Rietberg. The Treaty was confirmed on 19 September 1600 by Emperor Rudolph II and later also by Archduke Albert, who was nominally Duke of Guelders and thereby liege lord of the Harlingerland.

## Aftermath

In 1622, Ernst von Mansfeld stole the 300000talers, packed in barrels, which Enno III had prepared as payment for Agnes and her husband Prince Gundakar of Liechtenstein. So the payment could not be made then.
In 1663, demands for payment were renewed. Since East Frisia under Prince George Christian still could not pay, the liege lord of the County if Rietberg, the Prince-Bishop of Münster, try to collect the debt. He attacked East Frisia and occupied the sconce at Diele. The States-General and Duke Eberhard III of Württemberg intervened. They drove out the Münster troops from Diele and mediated a compromise in which the payment was raised by another 200000talers.
# Bangarada Hoovu

Bangarada Hoovu (pronunciation transl. Golden Flower) is a 1967 Indian Kannada language film directed, written and produced by B. A. Arasu Kumar. The film stars Rajkumar, V N Narayan,Kalpana, Udaykumar and Shylashri. Upon its release, the film received widespread praise, winning the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada. The film is an adaptation of the play Abhaagini written by the director himself. Bangarada Hoovu addresses the misconceptions surrounding leprosy - particularly the superstition that leprosy is a punishment for past sins.

## Plot

Anand and Latha grow up together, and Latha falls in love with Anand. After completing his education, Anand moves to Rampura to work as a Block Development Officer, where he falls in love with his friend's sister, Seetha. However, Seetha abruptly refuses his proposal, revealing that she is suffering from leprosy. Heartbroken, Anand returns to his village.
His mother encourages him to marry Latha, telling him that leprosy is an incurable disease. Meanwhile, Seetha is cured of her condition. When she returns, she discovers that Anand is about to marry Latha. In a desperate moment, Seetha attempts suicide, but Anand and her relatives intervene. Anand rushes to Seetha's side, and they are ultimately reunited.

## Cast

* Rajkumar as Anand
* Kalpana as Seetha
* Udaykumar as Ravi
* Shylashri as Latha
* Balakrishna as Padmanabha Panditha
* Narasimharaju
* Pandari Bai as Anand's Mother
* V N Narayan (Kannada Actor) as Doctor
* Rajeshwari

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Rajan–Nagendra, with lyrics by Chi. Udaya Shankar and Vijaya Narasimha.

## Awards

* National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada
* Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film
* Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor - Rajkumar
# Petra Nardelli

Petra Nardelli (born 10 April 1996) is an Italian sprinter, selected to be part of the Italian athletics team for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, as a possible member of the relay team.
# Hugh Tizard

Hugh Peter Tizard is an English professional rugby union player, currently playing as a lock for Saracens, which competes in Premiership Rugby, the top-level competition of English rugby. He previously played for Harlequins, another London-based top-flight club.

## Club career

From the age of seven, Tizard began playing rugby at Guildfordians RFC, before joining the youth system at Harlequins when he was 16 years old, in addition to earning a scholarship to attend Cranleigh School. He made his senior debut in October 2019, aged 19, during the pool stage of the 2019–20 Premiership Rugby Cup, then spent the rest of that season on loan at RFU Championship side London Scottish.
Tizard became a regular player in the Harlequins first team over the course of the 2021–22 season, with 16 starts across all competitions. His first ever try for the club was during a defeat to future team Saracens in October 2021. Following this breakthrough campaign, he was short-listed for the Premiership Discovery of the Season Award, while also being nominated for the club's internal Academy Player of the Year Award.
In January 2022, it was confirmed that Tizard had signed with Saracens ahead of the 2022–23 season. He explained that his decision was influenced by his ambition to play for England, and his desire to play alongside British & Irish Lions international and World Rugby Player of the Year nominee Maro Itoje.
Tizard made his competitive debut for Saracens against former club Harlequins in September 2022, playing the full 80 minutes of the match to aid his new team towards a 30–27 win. Throughout the season, he established himself as a first-choice player, starting the majority of their Premiership games, as well as all of their fixtures in the 2022–23 European Champions Cup. On 27 May 2023, Tizard won his first Premiership title, as he started in the final and helped Saracens to achieve a 35–25 victory over Sale Sharks. For his contribution that season, he was chosen by his teammates as the club's Young Player of the Season, and was also included in the RPA's 15 Under 23 Team of the Season.

## International career

Tizard has represented England at age-grade level, playing for the U20s. He featured in all four of the team's matches during the truncated 2020 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
In September 2022, Tizard received his first call-up to the England senior squad, ahead of the 2022 Autumn Nations Series, although he has not yet made his test debut.
In November 2024, Tizard was called up to the England A squad, for a match against Australia A, as part of the 2024 Autumn Nations Series. He played all 80 minutes of the fixture, helping England A to record a 37–18 victory.

## Personal life

Tizard grew up in Guildford, Surrey. He is a supporter of Premier League football club Liverpool
During his childhood, Tizard's favourite Premiership Rugby team was Wasps, and he regularly attended matches when the club was based at Adams Park in High Wycombe. He cites England second-row forward Joe Launchbury as the biggest influence early on on his own career.
# Darrara

Darrara or Darrary (Irish: Dairbhre) is a rural townland near Clonakilty, County Cork in Ireland. The townland, of 1.4 km$^2$ (0.54 sq mi), is home to Teagasc's Clonakilty Agricultural College (some structures of which date to the 1880s) and Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church (built in 1897). Evidence of ancient settlement in the area include a restored Iron Age ringfort and a megalithic standing stone (on the grounds of Sacred Heart church).
# Johann Ruchrat von Wesel

Johann Ruchrat von Wesel (died 1481) was a German Scholastic theologian. He objected to the system of indulgences, and has been called a "reformer before the Reformation".
He was born at Oberwesel early in the 15th century. He appears to have been one of the leaders of the humanist movement in Germany, and to have had some intercourse and sympathy with the leaders of the Hussites in Bohemia.
In terms of his philosophical leanings he most likely belonged to the nominalists. Erfurt was in his day the headquarters of a humanism which was both devout and opposed to the realist metaphysics and the Thomist theology which prevailed in the universities of Cologne and Heidelberg. Wesel was one of the professors at Erfurt between 1445 and 1456, and was vice-rector in 1458. In 1460 he was appointed preacher at Mainz, in 1462 at Worms, and in 1479, when an old and worn-out man, he was brought before the Dominican inquisitor Gerhard Elten of Cologne. The charges brought against him took a theological turn, though they were probably prompted by dislike of his philosophical views. They were chiefly based on a treatise, De indulgentiis, which he had composed while at Erfurt twenty-five years before. He had also written De potestate ecclesiastica. He died under sentence of imprisonment for life in the Augustinian convent in Mainz in 1481.

## Theology

It is somewhat difficult to determine the exact theological orientation of Wesel. Ullmann claims him as a "reformer before the Reformation", but, while he mastered the formal principle of Protestantism, that scripture is the sole rule of faith, it is more than doubtful that he had that experimental view of the doctrines of grace which lay at the basis of Reformation theology. He held that Christ is men's righteousness in so far as they are guided by the Holy Ghost, and the love towards God is shed abroad in their hearts, which clearly shows that he held the medieval idea that justification is an habitual grace implanted in men by the gracious act of God. He seems, however, to have protested against certain medieval ecclesiastical ideas which he held to be excrescences erroneously grafted on Christian faith and practice. He objected to the whole system of indulgences; he denied the infallibility of the church, on the ground, that the church contains within it sinners as well as saints; he insisted that papal authority could be upheld only when the pope remained true to the evangel; and he held that a sharp distinction ought to be drawn between ecclesiastical sentences and punishments, and the judgments of God.
Johann also held that God chooses some people to salvation, and believed in a church invisible.

## Literature

The best account of Wesel is to be found in K. Ullmann's Reformers before the Reformation. His tract on Indulgences is published in Walch's Monumenta Medii Aevi, volume i., while a report of his trial is given in Ortwin's Fasciculus rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum (ed. by Browne, London, 1690), and d'Argentré's Collectio judiciorum de novis erroribus (Paris, 1728).
# Pietro da Pavia

Pietro da Pavia, Can.Reg. (died 1 August 1182) was bishop-elect of Meaux (1171–1175), Cardinal-Priest of S. Crisogono (1173–1179) and finally Cardinal-Bishop of Tusculum (in May 1179). He was papal legate, together with Henri de Marsiac, in southern France against Cathars and Waldenses 1174–1178. He participated in the Third Lateran Council in 1179. Then he was sent again as papal legate to southern France and to Germany. He subscribed the papal bulls issued between October 14, 1173 and July 14, 1182. In 1180 he was elected archbishop of Bourges but it seems that he did not assume that post.
# Sandlings

Sandlings is a 5.7 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Rushmere St Andrew, on the eastern outskirts of Ipswich in Suffolk. It is owned by East Suffolk council, and managed by the council together with Rushmere St Andrew Parish Council and the Greenways Countryside Project.
This site has acid grassland, a wildflower meadow and areas of scrub. Nearly 70 species of bird have been observed and 22 of butterfly, including the white-letter hairstreak.
There is access from Ditchingham Grove.
# Bavarian B VI

The Bavarian B VI steam engines were 2-4-0 locomotives with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn).
This class was a development of the B V; its dimensions, heating area and grate area being almost the same, only the driving wheel diameter being larger. It was built in two series.
Series 1 delivered 57 locomotives in four batches which had a boiler overpressure of 8 bar. The first two batches, delivered in 1863 and 1864, had a large goblet-shaped smokestack and open driver's platform with a windshield. Batches 3 and 4, delivered from 1865 to 1867 added a roof over the driver's platform; the smokestacks were now cylindrical or pear-shaped and an injector and pump for the feedwater.
On the second series of five batches, the boiler overpressure was raised to 10 bar. The first two batches (delivered 1867 - 1869), unusually, were peat-fired and hauled a covered peat tender. The first batch had side windows on the driver's cab and cylindrical or funnel-shaped chimneys. The second batch (see illustration of ORLANDO DI LASSO) lost the side windows again. Batches three and four, delivered in 1870, were a mix of peat-fired engines with funnel smokestacks and coal-fired engines with conical chimneys. The final batch of 6 engines, delivered in 1871, were peat-fired with funnel smokestacks and no side windows and rounded corners to the cabs.
The last two examples remaining in service (422 WREDE and 432 MARKTL) were transferred to the ownership of the Reichsbahn in 1920 and were listed in the DRG's 1923 provisional renumbering plan as nos. 34 7461 and 34 7462. However the renumbering was never carried out because they had retired by 1923.
They were coupled to Bavarian 3 T 9 and 3 T 9.6 tenders.
# 1983 Norwegian Football Cup final

The 1983 Norwegian Football Cup final was the final match of the 1983 Norwegian Football Cup, the 78th season of the Norwegian Football Cup, the premier Norwegian football cup competition organized by the Football Association of Norway (NFF). The match was played on 23 October 1983 at the Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo, and opposed two First Division sides Moss and Vålerengen. Moss defeated Vålerengen 2–0 to claim the Norwegian Cup for a first time in their history.

## Route to the final

| Moss | Moss | Moss | Round | Vålerengen | Vålerengen | Vålerengen |
| Tønsberg-Kameratene | A | 5–1 | Round 1 | Oppsal | A | 3–2 |
| Østsiden | H | 6–0 | Round 2 | Lillehammer | H | 6–0 |
| Strømsgodset | A | 3–2 | Round 3 | Stranda | A | 2–0 |
| Rosenborg | H | 3–2 | Round 4 | Lillestrøm | H | 2–0 |
| Mjøndalen | A | 2–1 | Quarterfinal | Strømmen | A | 2–1 |
| Kongsvinger | H | 3–1 | Semifinal | Steinkjer | H | 1–0 |

## Match
### Details

Moss: :
| GK | 1 | Nils Espen Eriksen | 89' |
| RB | 2 | Rune Gjestrumbakken |
| CB | 3 | Morten Vinje |
| CB | 4 | Tore Gregersen |
| LB | 5 | Svein Grøndalen | 62' |
| MF | 6 | Per Heliasz |
| MF | 7 | Stein Kollshaugen |
| MF | 8 | Ole Johnny Henriksen |
| FW | 9 | Geir Henæs |
| FW | 10 | Jan Rafn |
| FW | 11 | Brede Halvorsen |
| Substitutions: |||
| GK | 12 | Odd Skauen | 89' |
| DF | 13 | Lars Ragnar Kristiansen |
| MF | 14 | Anders Eriksen |
| MF | 15 | Pål Grønstad |
| DF | 16 | Hans Deunk | 62' |
| Coach: |||
| Per Mosgaard ||||
Vålerengen: :
| GK | 1 | Tom R. Jacobsen |
| RB | 2 | Per Gunnar Bredesen |
| CB | 3 | Trond Sollied |
| CB | 4 | Dag Austmo |
| LB | 5 | Tor Brevik | 7' |
| MF | 6 | Henning Bjarnøy |
| MF | 7 | Stein Gran |
| MF | 8 | Vidar Davidsen |
| MF | 9 | Egil Johansen |
| FW | 10 | Lasse Eriksen | 61' |
| FW | 11 | Jo Bergsvand | 61' |
| Substitutions: |||
| GK | 12 | Jon Ole Moe |
| FW | 13 | Paal Fredheim | 61' |
| FW | 14 | Pål Jacobsen | 61' |
| DF | 15 | Tore Nilsen |
| MF | 16 | Bengt Eriksen |
| Coach: |||
| Svein Ivar Sigernes ||||
# Weeleus

Weeleus acutus is an antlion of the tribe Distoleontini, and the sole member of the genus Weeleus. It is endemic to New Zealand, and is widely distributed, being recorded from Kerikeri to Wakatipu. This species was first described by Francis Walker in 1853 from a specimen presented by Andrew Sinclair.
# Niccolò de Romanis

Niccolò de Romanis (died 1218) was an Italian cardinal and Papal legate. He was Bishop of Frascati from either 1204 or 1205 and Grand penitentiary. He was closely associated with Pope Honorius III as administrator and diplomat. Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1211.

## Legate to England

In 1207, Pope Innocent III placed the kingdom of England under an Interdict as the result of actions taken by King John (1199–1215) culminating in a debate over the appointment for a successor to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Interdict would stand until 1213 when John finally accepted Innocent's choice of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury. Nicholas acted as Innocent's main negotiator throughout the Interdict, arriving in September 1213 in order to settle its lifting.
He deposed the corrupt Roger Norreys at Evesham Abbey, and finally at Penwortham Abbey. He also intervened at Bardney Abbey to depose the abbot, and put out Ralph de Arundel, abbot of Westminster.
He attempted to mediate between John and his barons, taking up the issue of sheriffs, and trying to fulfil his papal brief to calm factions.

### At Oxford

During the time the Interdict was in effect, a scholar at Oxford was accused in 1209 of raping a woman. When the burghers couldn't find the scholar, they hanged three of his friends in retaliation for his crime. The school at Oxford protested by abandoning the city and scattering to other schools throughout England, possibly setting up a facility in Cambridge.
On 1 October 1213, while Nicholas de Romanis was working to bring about the end of the Interdict, the citizens of Oxford sent him a letter asking him to resolve their problems with the scholars who had taught there. de Romanis agreed to help, visiting the city twice, in November 1213 and May 1214. On 20 June 1214 de Romanis's actions resulted in the issuance of the Charter for the University of Oxford.
Among other items, the citizens agreed to charge fixed rates for student housing and food, an annual payment to the school, the right of the school to judge anyone associated with the school and the creation of a Chancellor for the University.