OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Angela Rose Canfield

Angela Rose Canfield (1840 – August 23, 1925) was a politician, activist, and milliner in Illinois. In 1915, she was elected mayor of Warren, making her the first female mayor of the town as well as the first woman elected as a mayor statewide.

## Biography

Angela Rose Canfield was born in 1840 in New York State. Around the 1860s, she married O.J. Hildreth; she later remarried.
During the Civil War, she served as superintendent of the U.S. Army messhouse in Nashville. She then worked as a Pinkerton private police officer and combatted the Molly Maguires in Pennsylvania in the late 1800s.
Around 1881, Canfield settled in Warren, Illinois, where she became active in the statewide women's suffrage movement. She was also affiliated with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and various other women's activism organizations. In the early 1890s, she established a milliner's shop in the town.
In April 1915, Canfield was elected mayor of Warren, Illinois. She defeated two other candidates by a plurality of four votes. On her election, at age 75, she became the first woman mayor in the town as well as across the entire state of Illinois.
Canfield took office on May 1 of that year and served a two-year term. She vowed to punish "boodlers and grafters," as well as law enforcement officers who didn't pull their weight. She stepped down after finishing her term in 1917.
Canfield died on August 23, 1925, in McMinnville, Oregon.
# Palmers Garden Centre

Palmers Garden Centre or Palmers is a chain of New Zealand garden centres. It has 12 stores, including three in Auckland, selling a range of plants and gardening equipment.
The head office of Palmers is in Rosedale, Auckland.

## History

Starting from humble beginnings Palmers was originally a family business. The original site, in Glen Eden, Auckland, was bought by A W Palmer for a plant nursery in 1912. The new business prospered and grew with New Zealand's first modern style garden centre being built on the Glen Eden site in 1958.
There were 20 Palmers stores in 2000, including eight in Auckland.
# Lake Turkana sardine

The Lake Turkana sardine (Chelaethiops bibie) is an African species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. It is found in the Nile River and Webi Shebeli, and in the Niger, Bénoué and Volta basin.
# Widow's man

A widow's man was a fictitious seaman kept on the books of Royal Navy ships during the 18th and early 19th centuries so that their pay and rations could be redistributed to the families of dead crew members. This financial arrangement helped keep widows from being left destitute following the deaths of their seafaring husbands.

## Practice

The number of widows' men on a ship was proportional to the ship's size. A first-rate might have as many as eighteen, while a sixth-rate might have only three. The ratio was reduced by Admiralty order on 25 October 1790.
The existence of widows' men served as an incentive for men to join the Royal Navy, rather than the Merchant Navy, as their families might be provided for if they died.

## Historical research

This procedure can lead to some confusion to modern students of history. For example, the sloop Discovery carried 153 men on its voyage exploring Puget Sound, but the widow's man brings its official complement to 154. Reportedly, in 1738 the sloop, Wolf discharged its widow's man when the company was reduced; whether this was an accident or an attempt to maintain crew strength is difficult to determine.
# Marouf al-Bakhit

Marouf Suleiman al-Bakhit (Arabic: معروف البخيت; 18 March 1947 – 7 October 2023) was a Jordanian politician who was twice prime minister. He first served as prime minister from 27 November 2005 until 25 November 2007 and then again from 9 February 2011 to 17 October 2011. Bakhit also held the position of Jordanian ambassador to Israel and the national security chief. Appointed prime minister by King Abdullah II less than three weeks after the 2005 Amman bombings, Bakhit's main priorities were to maintain security and stability in Jordan. He was reappointed prime minister by the King on 1 February 2011, following weeks of protests.
Al-Bakhit resigned from his post on 17 October 2011, and was succeeded by Awn Al-Khasawneh on 24 October.

## Education

Marouf al-Bakhit graduated with a bachelor's degree in General Management and Political Science from University of Jordan. He also earned a Master of Public Administration from the University of Southern California in 1982, and a PhD in Strategic Studies from King's College London in 1990. His PhD thesis was entitled "The Evolution of Egyptian Air Defence Strategy 1967-1973".

## Military career

Marouf al-Bakhit comes from Jordan's Al-Abbadi Tribe. He joined the Jordanian Armed Forces in 1964, and graduated from the Royal Military College in 1966 as Second Lieutenant. He retired from the Armed Forces in 1999 as Major General.

## Prime minister

Bakhit was Prime Minister twice, first from 27 November 2005 until 25 November 2007, and then from 9 February 2011.

### First term

Bakhit was appointed by King Abdullah II less than three weeks after the 2005 Amman bombings. The 2005 Amman bombings were a series of coordinated bomb attacks on three hotels in Amman, Jordan, on 9 November 2005. The attacks killed 60 people and injured 115 others.
After two years of trying to get reforms through the parliament, followed by a questionable election, he resigned and was replaced by Nader al-Dahabi.

### Second term

After two weeks of street protests, on 1 February 2011 King Abdullah fired his prime minister, Samir Rifai, and re-appointed Bakhit to his old position. While continuing to maintain a moderate stance in respect to the United States and the 1994 Jordan-Israel peace treaty, al-Bakhit has promised to effect changes in election laws, decentralize authority and grant further rights to political parties.
King Abdullah II accepted his resignation on 17 October 2011 and appointed Awn Al-Khasawneh as Prime Minister.

### Career highlights

* Member of the Jordanian Delegation for Israel-Jordan peace treaty
* Lecturer of political science at Mutah University (1997–1999)

## Death

Marouf al-Bakhit died on 7 October 2023, at the age of 76.
# Johan Bertilsson

Johan Bertilsson (born 15 February 1988) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Karlstad.

## Honours

Östersunds
* Svenska Cupen: 2016–17
# Palisade Crest

Palisade Crest is a jagged ridge in the Palisades region of the Sierra Nevada mountain rage in the United States, southeast of Mount Sill and northwest of Middle Palisade. Its twelve pinnacles are unofficially named for characters from The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The highest pinnacle, at 13,559 feet (4,133 m), is called Gandalf Peak.
The ridge marks the boundary between Kings Canyon National Park and the John Muir Wilderness.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Palisade Crest is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range.

## Gallery

* Southwest aspect of Palisade Crest centered at top Photo by Ansel Adams circa 1936 (Mt. Sill upper left, Middle Palisade upper right)
* Palisade Crest (left), Mount Jepson (middle), Mount Sill (right).
# Pangaion Hills

The Pangaion Hills (Greek: Παγγαίο, romanized: Pangéo; Ancient Greek: Καρμάνιον, romanized: Karmánion; Homeric Greek: Nysa; also called Pangaeon, Pangaeum) are a mountain range in Greece, approximately 40 km from Kavala. The highest elevation is 1,956 m at the peak of Koutra. The Aegean Sea lies to the south and the plains of Philippi-Kavala to the north. The mountain range covers the southeastern portion of the Serres regional unit as well as the northwestern part of the Kavala regional unit which includes the bigger part of the hills.
The Ottoman Turks called the hills Pınar Dağ ("Spring Mount"). The Slavic name is Kushnitsa (Кушница) or Kushinitsa (Кушиница).

## Description

The hills are directly across a fertile plain from the ancient city of Philippi known for the Battle of Philippi a Roman-era civil war, which took place in 42 BC. They are located in the ancient country of Sintice, between the Strymon and the Xiropotamos rivers and are covered in the oriental plane and chestnut trees. Towns found in the Pangaion hills include Nikisiani and Palaiochori which are agricultural in nature and grow mainly grain and tobacco. The town of Palaiochori boasts the ruins of an ancient castle on a peak overlooking the town. Gold and silver were mined in the ancient times. The Athenian tyrant Pisistratus was exiled in the middle of the mountain. It was the rich gold and silver available in the region that made the Athenians send out a colony in 465 to an area known as the Nine Roads (Ennéa Hodoí). The colonists were massacred by nearby Thracians and the colony was abandoned, though the Athenians would return to the area with their colony at Amphipolis.
Pangaion is very often referred to by ancient Greek and Latin sources. It was famous for silver and gold mines, as well as for shipyard wood and the oracle of Dionysus.
The municipality of Pangaio is named after this mountain range and the seat of the municipality is Eleftheroupoli.
# CFR Class 47

The CFR Class 47 is a class of electric locomotives built for Romanian railway operators for use on the Romanian electrified network. They were originally built by Electroputere from 1965 to 1991 and designated as the CFR class 40 or 41. All Class 47 locomotives were modernized by Softronic from 2007. They are operated both by CFR Marfă and CFR Călători.

## History

The locomotives are essentially a rebuild/modernisation of the CFR Class EA that were built from the mid 1960s to the early 1990s by the Craiova locomotive works. Starting with the mid 1990s, it was decided to rebuild a number of locomotives, a number of them being modernised between 1998 and 2002 by Siemens-Secheron, resulting in CFR Class 45. The project however was stopped and it wasn't until 2006 when PROMAT and Softronic decided to rebuild a number of locomotives for freight use. Starting in 2007, the passenger locomotive modernisations began as well, but only by Softronic. Modernisation continues, but it is uncertain if it will be stopped or continued as only a small number of locomotives have been modernised in the past years.

## Operation

As of 2013, there are over 100 Class 47 locomotives currently in service. They are used by both CFR Marfă and CFR Călători. They are the most powerful locomotives built in Romania.
# Håtuna games

The Håtuna games (Swedish: Håtunaleken) were a 1306 conflict between Birger, King of Sweden (1280–1321) and his two brothers, the dukes Eric Magnusson (ca. 1281-1318) and Valdemar Magnusson (c. 1282–1318).

## Background

When Magnus Ladulås died in 1290, his eldest son Birger Magnusson was only 10 years old. He had already been elected as successor as a four-year-old, and he (and the kingdom of Sweden) now had a guardian, marshal Torgils Knutsson. In 1304 his brothers signed a document that forbade them from conducting their own foreign policy and kept them out of the royal court unless they had specifically been summoned. The bitterness over this agreement was probably the cause of the Håtuna games.
When marshal Torgils Knutsson returned from the third and last crusade in Finland in 1293, a feud had developed between the brothers, with Torgils supporting King Birger. Duke Eric, as a leader of men and politician possibly better king material than Birger, tried to establish an independent kingdom around Bohuslän, which he had received as part of his marriage to the princess Ingeborg of Norway, and Halland at the boundary between Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. A civil war broke out, but by 1306 emotions had cooled to the point where the dukes acknowledged the son of Birger, Magnus Birgersson, as the successor to the throne. The marshal, Torgils Knutsson, was captured in 1305 by the dukes and was executed in 1306 in Stockholm by decapitation.

## The Håtuna games

On 29 September 1306 Duke Eric and Duke Valdemar arrived at King Birger's estate in Håtuna Parish by Lake Mälaren. They came from a wedding feast in Bjälbo, and Birger received them as guests at a party that derailed towards the middle of the night. Birger and his wife Martha of Denmark were captured by the dukes, and were imprisoned in the dungeon in Nyköping Castle. King Birger's son Magnus Birgersson was rescued by a courtier and sent to Denmark where he was taken up by king Eric VI.

## Aftermath

Duke Eric took over power in Sweden. He was already sovereign in Halland and Bohuslän and, being married to princess Ingeborg, had aspirations to inherit the crown of Norway. But the closeness to Denmark became a threat, and King Eric VI of Denmark attacked Sweden, harassing Västergötland. Duke Eric's brother Valdemar wreaked revenge by plundering Skåne with a force of German mercenaries. The Norwegian king allied himself with the Danish king; this forced a settlement that allowed Birger to leave Nyköping Castle after two years' imprisonment.
For 10 years the brothers kept the peace with only smaller skirmishes. In 1317–1318, the Håtuna games had their final resolution at the gruesome Nyköping Banquet and subsequent events.
# Stein Lund Halvorsen

Stein Lund Halvorsen (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian sailor. He was born in Porsgrunn. He participated at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where he placed fifth in the Soling class, together with Dag Usterud and Børre Skui.
# Jan Adriaensens

Jan (Cesar Jan) Adriaensens (6 June 1932 - 2 October 2018)) was a Belgian road bicycle racer. He finished twice on the podium of the Tour de France, with a third place in 1956 and in 1960. In both these years, he wore the yellow jersey as the leader of the general classification.

## Major victories
### 1955

    1st in Tour of Morocco

### 1956

    1st stage Four Days of Dunkirk
    4th stage Four Days of Dunkirk
    Winner Four Days of Dunkirk

### 1957

    3rd stage Paris–Nice
    7th stage Vuelta a España

### 1958

    Tour du Tessin

### 1961

    Flèche Hesbignonne Evernijs (Cras Avernas)

## Major endings
### 1955

    5th in de La Flèche Wallonne
    5th in Liège–Bastogne–Liège

### 1956

    3rd in the Tour de France

### 1957

    3rd in Paris–Brussels

### 1958

    4th in the Tour de France

### 1959

    2nd place in the Belgian national championship

### 1960

    3rd in the Tour de France

## Tour de France results

* 1953 – 45th
* 1955 – 28th
* 1956 – 3rd, wearing yellow jersey for three days
* 1957 – 9th
* 1958 – 4th
* 1959 – 7th
* 1960 – 3rd, wearing yellow jersey for four days
* 1961 – 10th
# Geoffrey II of Vendôme

Geoffrey II, surnamed Jordan, was the lord of Preuilly from 1067 (as Geoffrey III) and count of Vendôme from 1085, the son of Geoffrey II of Preuilly and Almodis of Blois.
When his brother-in-law Bouchard III died, he inherited Vendôme. He took part in the war between the brothers, the counts of Anjou, Geoffrey III and Fulk IV. He originally supported Fulk, but reversed his allegiance and was imprisoned by Lancelin de Beaugency only to be released in 1090 with a ransom.
He followed his predecessors into conflict with the Trinity Abbey, Vendôme and was excommunicated. In penitence, he took part in the Crusade of 1101 as part of the army of William IX and died in 1102 a prisoner in Arab hands following the siege of Ascalon.
With his wife, Euphrosine, sister of Bouchard IV, he had three sons:
* Geoffrey III [fr], who succeeded in Vendôme
* Escivard, who succeeded in Preuilly
* Engelbaud (1062–1115), Archbishop of Tours
Geoffrey had donated a church to the abbey of La Trinité of Vendôme which Euphrosyne took back after his death. She was later forced to return the church and excommunicated.

## Sources

* Comtes de Vendôme (Seigneurs de Preuilly) (archive)
* Prof. J. S. C. Riley-Smith, Prof, Jonathan Phillips, Dr. Alan V. Murray, Dr. Guy Perry, Dr. Nicholas Morton, A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land, 1099-1149 (available on-line)
# Panorpa japonica

Panorpa japonica, the common Japanese scorpionfly, is recognized for its translucent wings with two black bands. It has a sleek, entirely black body and a distinctive curved snout as long as its thorax. Its long, thread-like black antennae nearly match the length of its body. It is a species from the genus Panorpa. It was originally described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1784.

## Distribution

Panorpa japonica has primarily been observed in Japan. This is confirmed by crowd-sourcing initiatives or data aggregation services.
# EMD MP15T

The EMD MP15T is a model of diesel-electric switcher locomotives built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between October 1984 and November 1987. Instead of a non-turbocharged 12-cylinder EMD 645 engine it uses a turbocharged 8-cylinder engine. The external appearance of the engine remains similar to other MP15 models.
42 of these locomotives were built for the Seaboard System Railroad, 1200–1241 (later merged into CSX Transportation where they kept their numbers) and one unit for Dow Chemical Company, number 957.
In 2010 Progress Rail, a fully owned subsidiary of Caterpillar, purchased MP15T 1220 from CSX making CSX's total count 40.
# Stan Tourné

Constant "Stan" Tourné (30 December 1955) is a retired Belgian cyclist. After winning the world title in points race in 1977 as amateur he turned professional and won the same title again in 1980. He also won two medals at the UCI Motor-paced World Championships in 1984 and 1986. In 1988, he finished in second place but was disqualified for failing the drug test.
As a track cyclist he took part in 176 six-day races. He won seven of them, in Antwerp (1983, 1988 and 1992), Paris (1985), Ghent (1985, 1989) and Cologne (1988), and 21 times finished in second place.
He is married to Ingrid Leleu (b. 1957). They have two daughters.
# Medal of Liberty

The Medal of Liberty was awarded in 1986 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the festivities commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World). The awarding of this medal took place only once, as it was linked to a specific event. No other Medals of Liberty have been awarded since Liberty Weekend 1986, although it is possible more may be awarded on future occasions.

## History

The medal was awarded in 1986 by President Reagan to twelve outstanding individuals chosen as representative of the most distinguished naturalized citizens of the United States of America. David L. Wolper, producer of ABC's television's 1986 Independence Day Weekend media event, came up with the idea to have the President present awards to a select group of naturalized citizens as an essential part of the ceremonial festivities commemorating the 100th anniversary of the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor.

## Design

The Medal of Liberty is a circular, bronze medallion, seven inches in diameter, hand finished and patinated by Alex Shagin. On the obverse of the medal is the bust of Frédéric Bartholdi, facing slightly to the right and holding in his right hand his small bronze sculpture of Liberty Enlightening the World, his template for the construction of the Statue of Liberty National Monument at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor. Bartholdi's name appears vertically, his middle name, Auguste, to the left of his bust and his surname to the right.

## Recipients

Medal recipients were announced by Ted Koppel of ABC News.
| Recipient | Birthplace |
| Irving Berlin (1888–1989) | Russia |
| Franklin Chang Díaz (born 1950) | Costa Rica |
| Kenneth B. Clark (1914–2005) | Panama Canal Zone |
| Hanna Holborn Gray (born 1930) | Germany |
| Bob Hope (1903–2003) | United Kingdom |
| Henry Kissinger (1923-2023) | Germany |
| I. M. Pei (1917–2019) | China |
| Itzhak Perlman (born 1945) | Israel |
| James Reston (1909–1995) | United Kingdom |
| Albert Sabin (1906–1993) | Russia |
| An Wang (1920–1990) | China |
| Elie Wiesel (1928–2016) | Romania |
As of November 2023, Franklin Chang Díaz, Hanna Holborn Gray, and Itzhak Perlman are the only living members of the Medal of Liberty.
# Men of Burden: Pedaling towards a Horizon

Men of Burden: Pedaling towards a Horizon is a 2006 documentary film set in the city of Pondicherry in the Indian territory of Puducherry, about the cycle rickshaw industry.

## Background and content

The documentary tells the story of disappearing cycle rickshaw drivers living in abject poverty. Over time, the city has experienced a gradual reduction in the number of cycle rickshaws, thereby affecting the livelihoods of those who depend on them. The film considers the ethical dimensions of the trade against the increasing impact of motorised transport and air pollution.
The aim of the film was to raise awareness and funds for Men of Burden – Cycle rickshaw Revival (MOBCRR), an initiative to promote the cycle rickshaw sector and sustainable transport, in order to protect the rickshaw drivers as well as the environment.

## Release

The film had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Indian Film Festival, European premiere at the Filmburo Baden-Wurttemberg's Bollywood and Beyond Film Festival and its New York premiere at the sixth annual Indo-American Arts Council Film Festival.
# Cesa (disambiguation)

Cesa is a town in Italy.
Cesa or CESA may also refer to:
* Cesa (butterfly), a butterfly genus of the family Lycaenidae
* Cesa (surname), an Italian surname

## CESA

* California Endangered Species Act
* Coverdell Education Savings Account
* Church of England in South Africa
* Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association
* Continental Europe Synchronous Area
* Cryptographic Engine and Security Accelerator like for example TrustZone (Security Extensions) as part of the ARM architecture
* Controlled emergency swimming ascent, an emergency ascent technique for scuba divers
* Cyberspace Electronic Security Act
* CESA Awards
# Tosin Ogunode

Tosin Joseph Ogunode (born 2 March 1994) is a Nigerian-born track and field sprinter who competes internationally for Qatar.
He is the younger brother of Femi Ogunode, another Nigerian-turned-Qatari sprinter who won two golds at the 2010 Asian Games. Tosin Ogunode made his debut at the start of the 2014 season and promptly set an Asian indoor record of 6.50 seconds for the 60 metres event at the Northern Arizona University indoor facility in the United States. This improved Talal Mansour's twenty-year-old record for the distance. This placed him top of the world rankings for a short period. His name is the shortened form of "Oluwatosin" meaning "God is worthy to be worshiped" in Yoruba
# Terry Leece

Terry Leece (born 23 November 1957) is an Australian field hockey player. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where the Australian team placed fourth.
# Christ'l Smet

Christ'l Smet (born 14 March 1961) is a Belgian windsurfer. She competed in the women's Lechner A-390 event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# National Board of Review Awards 1956

28th National Board of Review Awards
December 20, 1956
The 28th National Board of Review Awards were announced on December 20, 1956.

## Top Ten Films

* Around the World in 80 Days
* Moby Dick
* The King and I
* Lust for Life
* Friendly Persuasion
* Somebody Up There Likes Me
* The Catered Affair
* Anastasia
* The Man Who Never Was
* Bus Stop

## Top Foreign Films

* The Silent World
* War and Peace
* Richard III
* La strada
* Rififi

## Winners

* Best Film: Around the World in 80 Days
* Best Foreign Film: The Silent World
* Best Actor: Yul Brynner (The King and I, Anastasia, The Ten Commandments)
* Best Actress: Dorothy McGuire (Friendly Persuasion)
* Best Supporting Actor: Richard Basehart (Moby Dick)
* Best Supporting Actress: Debbie Reynolds (The Catered Affair)
* Best Director: John Huston (Moby Dick)