OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Strawberry Hill (Creagerstown, Maryland)

Strawberry Hill is a Georgian style farmhouse near Thurmont, Frederick County, Maryland, built in 1783. The house is substantially similar in plan to nearby Pennterra, but lacks Pennterra's later Victorian additions. The locally quarried stone includes an unusual diamond pattern on the southeast side of the house.
Strawberry Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
# International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations

The International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations (IFALPA) is an international not-for-profit organization of national aircraft pilot trade unions, known as pilot associations. IFALPA was founded in April 1948 and is based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

## History

After the end of the Second World War as international civil aviation began to re-establish itself, pilots around the world realized that their associations could not protect them across national boundaries. Furthermore, they did not have a voice at the newly formed International Civil Aviation Organization. At a meeting in London in April 1948 a conference of pilot associations was held that formed the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations. IFALPA was located in the UK from 1948 to 2012. In 2012 the Federation established its headquarters in Montreal, Canada, the World Capital of Civil Aviation, and is located near ICAO.

## Membership

IFALPA claims to represent "more than 100,000 pilots in the Member Associations of nearly 100 countries worldwide" but lists only 74 member associations on its website.

## Connections with ICAO

IFALPA has a Permanent Observer status at ICAO's Air Navigation Commission (ANC) and is also Observer to the ICAO Council. Through its Subject Matter Experts in its Standing Committees in regulatory, industrial, and safety/technical areas, IFALPA is represented on numerous ICAO Panels and Task Forces to provide pilot input into regulations, design criteria, Air Traffic Management and Airport requirements just to name a few.

## Current leadership (2021)
### President

    As of 2023: Capt. Amornvaj (Ben) Mansumitchai
# Concert for Ukraine

Concert for Ukraine was a two-hour benefit concert in the United Kingdom organised by ITV plc, Livewire Pictures, Global Radio and the Disasters Emergency Committee to raise funds for people affected by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine through the DEC Appeal. The concert took place at the Resorts World Arena in Birmingham on 29 March 2022, and featured a number of contemporary artists.

## Production and buildup

The concert was presented by Roman Kemp, Marvin Humes and Emma Bunton, who introduced the various acts and appeals for donations. It was broadcast on television by ITV, as well as being streamed live on the ITV Hub, while Global's Heart and Capital radio networks also aired coverage of performances. The concert was also simulcast in Ireland on Virgin Media One and was broadcast in Australia on ABC TV Plus on 30 March, the latter of which benefitted the ABC's "ABC Gives Ukraine Appeal", with proceeds going to the Emergency Action Alliance (EAA) Ukraine Appeal. Tickets to attend the concert were also made available. It was announced that all proceeds would go directly to the Disasters Emergency Committee's Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal, while ITV confirmed it would donate the advertising revenue from the concert, which it estimated to be around £3million, to the appeal.
The concert was organised by Guy Freeman of Livewire Pictures, who put the event together in three weeks. Details were announced on 16 March, with retailer Marks & Spencer confirmed as the event's lead sponsor.

## Setlist

The following is a setlist from the concert, including speeches and songs, as it aired in ITV on 29 March 2022:
* Snow Patrol – "Run"
* Emeli Sandé and The Kingdom Choir – "Brighter Days"
* Sir Trevor McDonald with a tribute to killed and injured War correspondents, including a report from Geraint Vincent
* Tom Odell – "Another Love"
* Anne-Marie – "Beautiful"
* Mel Giedroyc with a special report
* Jamala – "1944"
* Billie Eilish and Finneas O'Connell with a pre-recorded statement of support
* Manic Street Preachers – "If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next"
* Becky Hill – "You Got the Love"
* Robert Rinder with a report on refugees arriving at a train station in Poland
* The Kingdom Choir – "Stand By Me"
* Ed Sheeran – "Perfect" and "Bad Habits"
* Report from Lviv on internally displaced persons within Ukraine
* Camila Cabello – "Fix You"
* Camila Cabello and Ed Sheeran – "Bam Bam"
* 94 violinists from 29 countries – “Verbovaya Doschechka” commencing with Illia Bondarenko recorded in a basement bomb shelter and finishing with Nicola Benedetti playing live on stage with Tamsin Greig and Eddie Marsan reading the words of refugees of Artem and Natalya
* Gregory Porter and The Kingdom Choir – "Revival"
* Paloma Faith – "Only Love Can Hurt Like This"
* Nile Rodgers and Chic – Medley of "Everybody Dance" and "We Are Family"

## Fundraising

A total of £11.3million had been raised by the end of the concert. By the afternoon of 30 March the concert had raised £13.4million for the Disasters Emergency Committee appeal.
# Sturgeon House

The Sturgeon House is a saltbox house dating from around 1838 in Fairview, Erie County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The Sturgeon House is operated as museum by the Fairview Area Historical Society.

## Design

The Sturgeon House is located at the intersection of Water Street and Avonia Road (Pennsylvania Route 98). The house is a rare example of a saltbox house in northwestern Pennsylvania, as well as a house with a recessed side porch. The house is constructed of "stone foundation walls and topped with heavy timber sills which are notched to receive log form beams." The roof of the house is slanted at an angle of 30 degrees. The front door is framed by a cornice and Federal-style entablature and pilaster.

## History

Jeremiah and William Sturgeon were the earliest settlers of what is now Fairview Township, who acquired land from the Pennsylvania Population Company in 1797. The Sturgeons operated "coach stops and taverns" in the area for travelers after the first road was cut from Erie to Cleveland, Ohio in 1805. They founded the community of Sturgeonville, which eventually became Fairview. The house was built around 1838 by Samuel C. Sturgeon and is one of several built by the Sturgeons. The southern addition of the house was possibly constructed in the early 1850s. The Sturgeon House was sold to the Fairview Area Historical Society in 1979 by a descendant of the Jeremiah Sturgeon. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 1980.
# Blood Car

Blood Car is a 2007 black comedy film directed by Alex Orr and starring Anna Chlumsky, Katie Rowlett, and Mike Brune. It is set in a not-too-distant future where gasoline prices have become exorbitant ($30+ US/gallon). Things take a turn for the worse when a kindergarten teacher (Mike Brune) invents a car that runs on a different fuel source: blood.

## Plot

Archie Andrews is a vegan kindergarten teacher who buys products from Lorraine's vegetarian road side stand. He is developing an engine that runs on wheatgrass with no results until he accidentally cuts his finger and the blood falls in the wheatgrass, which filters to the engine and then causes it to run.
Andrews then tests his car out and offers a ride to Denise, who runs a meat stand and is a rival to Lorraine. After Denise expresses an interest in Archie (believing he can afford 30+ dollars a gallon gasoline), he drives her home, but runs out of fuel. Archie turns to hunting animals, but they do not provide sufficient blood. He turns to larger prey such as predatory people, and eventually, settles for any victim after rebuilding a more efficient blood engine.
The government, which has been tracking Archie's progress, eventually offers him any position he wants, provided he can create more "Blood Cars" after the original is destroyed, and his existence is erased. Archie is concerned where the fuel for the new cars will come from, and the federal agents promise him it will come from invalids, convicted criminals, and the homeless. Archie agrees. Images of Archie's rise as President are cut with the government agents murdering Lorraine, Denise, his kindergarten students, and anyone that saw him developing the Blood Car.

## Cast

* Mike Brune as Archie Andrews
* Anna Chlumsky as Lorraine
* Katie Rowlett as Denise

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 63% based on reviews from 13 critics.
Variety wrote : "One-joke pic runs out of (ahem) gas in its last lap, and is too marginal for extensive travel. But it’s still frequently hilarious".

## Film festivals

Blood Car has been shown at various film festivals, including:
* Atlanta Film Festival, 2007
* Austin Film Festival, 2007
* Cinequest, 2007
* Seattle's True Independent Film Festival (STIFF)
* Toronto After Dark Film Festival
* Edinburgh International Film Festival

## Award

Blood Car was winner of the New Visions Award at the 2007 Cinequest Film Festival. Winner – Best Narrative Feature Film at the 2007 Chicago Underground Film Festival Winner – Best Feature Narrative Film at the 2007 Philadelphia FirstGlance Film Festival Winner – Best Narrative Feature Film Award at the 2007 Atlanta Underground Film Festival Winner – Audience Award 2007 Faux Film Festival
Winner – Best Feature – 2007 Backseat Film Festival.

## United Kingdom release

Though filmed in 2007, the film released in the United Kingdom on 23 February 2012.
# Capronia normandinae

Capronia normandinae is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The fungus was first formally described in 1990 by Rolf Santesson and David Hawksworth. The fungus has been recorded from Papua New Guinea, the Atlantic Ocean (Portugal, Madeira), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (France, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, UK), and South America (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador). The fungus parasitises the host lichen Normandina pulchella, after which it is named.
A characteristic feature of Capronia normandinae is the black, hair-like structures on its surface called setose perithecia. The fungus produces light olive-brown ascospores typically measuring 15–21 by 7.5–9.0 μm. These spores look like they have many internal divisions because they contain tiny fat droplets (guttules) and special cell walls (distosepta). Around the fungus's opening (the ostiole), there are simple (unbranched), unsegmented hair-like growths (setae).
# Bombing of Kumagaya

The bombing of Kumagaya(熊谷空襲, Kumagaya-kūshū) on 14 August 1945, was part of the strategic bombing campaign waged by the United States of America against military and civilian targets and population centers during the Japan home islands campaign in the closing stages of the Pacific War in 1945.

## Background

Although the Japanese government had already agreed to accept the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and unconditionally surrender to the Allies on 14 August, the United States Army Air Forces had already launched another bombing mission against the Japanese cities of Isesaki, Gunma and Kumagaya, Saitama, and would not call off the raid as the surrender has not yet been officially accepted by the United States government. The crews of the 314th Bombardment Wing were aware that the war was all but over, and in the words of New York Herald Tribune correspondent Homer Bigart, no one wanted to die over a target that was "a pathetically small city of little obvious importance".
At the time, the city of Kumagaya lacked major targets of military significance, except for some aircraft components manufacturing for Nakajima Aircraft Company and the Imperial Japanese Army’s Kumagaya Air Academy. Per the 1940 census, the city had an estimated population of 45,000.

## Air raids

On 14 August 1945, 77 Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers of the 314th Bombardment Wing and 16 B-29s of the 313th Bombardment Squadron launched from bases in Guam The lead aircraft carried six 1,000 lb high explosive bombs rigged for an air burst over the city. The plan was that the inhabitants of the city would seek shelter underground, whereby the remaining aircraft would attack in a box-pattern from all sides to incinerate the trapped civilians. In addition, it was hoped that the noise of the explosion would be so great that the Japanese authorities would believe that the city had been annihilated by a nuclear weapon.
Four aircraft were forced to abort due to mechanical issues, and the remaining 89 aircraft arrived over target at 0023 on 15 August in clear weather. Bombing continued to 0139 AM, from an altitude of 14,000 to 17,000 feet with 356 M17, 1372 M19 and 6321 M47 incendiary bombs dropped. The total amount of bombs dropped was thus 96,833 tons of bombs per square mile, or over three times the average amount dropped on other Japanese cities during the war.
The Japanese made no resistance, and all attacking aircraft returned safely, with five aircraft diverting to Iwo Jima due to mechanical issues.
The resultant firestorm destroyed most of Kumagaya, with 74% of the city area destroyed. This included 3630 structures, or 40% of the buildings in the city. Casualties included 266 civilian deaths, and over 3000 injured, or approximately 28% of the city population. The Emperor’s Gyokuon-hōsō confirming Allied acceptance of the surrender of Japan was made on noon of 15 August, Japan time.
# Basic rest–activity cycle

The basic rest–activity cycle (BRAC) is a physiological arousal mechanism in humans proposed by Nathaniel Kleitman, hypothesized to occur during both sleep and wakefulness.
Empirically, it is an ultradian rhythm of approximately 90 minutes (80–120 minutes) characterized by different levels of excitement and rest. The cycle is mediated by the human biological clock. It is most readily observed in stages of sleep, for example, rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and the delta activity cycle.
When awake, brainwaves are faster during the first half of the cycle which corresponds to feeling alert and focused. During the last 20 minutes brainwaves slow and as the body feels dreamy or tired. In this phase the body is being readied for the alertness that comes at the beginning of the following cycle.
Kleitman hypothesized that the short-term 50 minute ultradian cycle of infants observed by researchers Denisova and Figurin ensured that a newborn infant would have frequent opportunities to respond to the stimulus of hunger pangs by waking up and crying, and would therefore get adequate nutrition. This hypothesis influenced him to consider BRAC as a fundamental human physiological process.
Kleitman concluded that BRAC tended to lengthen with age based on research published from Ohlmeyer and Brilmeyer.
As early as 1977, other investigators argued that there was no evidence for a "basic rest-activity cycle" outside of sleep cycles. More recent meta-analysis of studies suggest overwhelming evidence for ultradian cycles during wakefulness (affecting things like focus or reaction time) but that the daytime cycles operate via different mechanisms than those causing REM-NREM cycles at night. Despite research centering on the nocturnal evidence, the BRAC is often used as a time management and productivity tool.
# Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) rare genetic condition that is a common cause of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia and is associated with mutations in the human serum albumin gene. It is an autosomal dominant condition that is often mistaken for resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) syndromes or hyperthyroidism. FDH is characterized by high levels of thyroxine (T4) and normal levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Due to the mutations in the albumin gene, an abnormal albumin protein binds thyroid hormones with a high affinity than normal. This explains why those with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia have increased T4 levels and normal TSH levels.

## Signs and symptoms

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia is usually asymptomatic. The clinical features are not specific and vary from patient to patient. In some cases, symptoms such as those seen in hyperthyroidism have been recorded like: palpitations, weight loss, tremors, and anxiety.

## Cause

The mutations in the albumin gene cause an increase in T4 levels because the albumin now binds more readily to T4. Despite the increased levels of T4, TSH levels remain normal. Because of genetic sequencing, the following albumin gene variants have been recorded in patients with FSH: p.Arg218His (R218H), p.Arg218Pro (R218P), p.Arg218Ser (R218S), p.Arg222Ile (R222I), and p.Leu66Pro (L66P).

## Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia involves the mutation of the albumin gene, leading to increased binding of thyroid hormones, particularly T4, to albumin. This causes an elevation in total T4 levels without a corresponding increase in free T4, which is why those with this mutation have no clinical symptoms because their thyroid still functions normally.

## Diagnosis

Due to patients generally being asymptomatic, diagnosis of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia is usually made incidentally when abnormal thyroxine levels are detected during routine testing such as a thyroid function test. To be certain, gene sequencing could also be performed to confirm the diagnosis of FDH. This would also allow for the patient and providers to know which albumin gene variant that particular patient has. Protein electrophoresis can also be used to confirm a diagnosis of FDH. This test measures specific proteins in the blood and in the case of testing for FDH, albumin would be the protein that is isolated.

## Treatment/management

Due to patients being asymptomatic and euthyroid, treatment is not required for those with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia.

## Prognosis

The prognosis of those with FDH is favorable due to the patients being asymptomatic and not requiring treatment.

## Epidemiology

In the Caucasian population, the prevalence of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia is estimated at 1 in 10,000 individuals. The prevalence is higher in those of Hispanic origin compared to those in populations in Venezuela, France, and Denmark.
# Sudbury Congregational Church

Sudbury Congregational Church, also known as the Sudbury Meetinghouse, is a historic church and town hall at 2702 Vermont Route 30 in Sudbury, Vermont. When it was built in 1807, it was a nearly exact replica of Plate 33 in Asher Benjamin's 1805 Country Builders Assistant. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## Description and history

The Sudbury Congregational Church stands in the modest village center of Sudbury, separated from Vermont Route 30 by the village green and accessed via a dirt road on the green's east side. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a gable roof and clapboard siding. A two-story vestibule projects from the south-facing front facade, with a square tower straddling the transition between the main roof line and that of the vestibule. The tower has a single stage, with a half-round louver on its front face, and Gothic corner pinnacles surrounding a short steeple. The eaves of the main roof, vestibule, and gables are lined with dentil moulding. The entry vestibule has a pair of entrances, each topped by a half-round multilight transom window. In between the entrances is what appears to be an entrance surround, consisting of pilasters supporting a corniced entablature. The framed space is presently occupied by a notice board. On the second level, sash windows flank a central Palladian window.
The church was built in 1807 by Charles C. Stewart, for a congregation organized in 1803. Its tower notably lacked the Gothic features now present, and had a taller steeple, which was reportedly pulled down amid concerns it might be blown off. During the 1850s, the building's interior was adapted to accommodate the municipal functions of the town meeting, and it is then that the exterior Gothic features were added. At the time of its listing on the National Register in 1977, it was still used for both municipal and religious functions.
# Value Per Action

Value Per Action (VPA) refers to an online marketing business model similar to the Cost Per Action (CPA) model. While Cost Per Action provides a low risk arrangement in which the seller only pays an advertising fee when a consumer takes action (such as purchasing their product) Value Per Action extends that model to add revenue sharing with the consumer.
Using the VPA model, sellers don't incur advertising/marketing costs until a sale takes place, and can increase the likelihood of a sale by increasing the advertising money. Because advertising money are shared between the marketer and the consumer, the amount of advertising money becomes a direct incentive to the consumer. Two sellers may offer the same product at the same price, but provide differing incentives to consumers through advertising money.
With the addition of transparent revenue sharing to the CPA model, VPA becomes a consumer-friendly approach in which the seller's advertising money provide a direct benefit to the consumer--effectively driving down the net price. Placed in a comparison shopping marketplace, the competition between sellers to provide better revenue provides additional downward pressure to the net price paid by consumers.
One example of VPA is Jellyfish.com.
# Finish Line, Inc.

Finish Line, Inc. is an American retail chain that sells athletic shoes and related apparel and accessories owned by JD Sports. The company operates 288 stores in 40 states and Puerto Rico, mostly in shopping malls; they also operate Finish Line-branded athletic shoe departments in more than 450 Macy's stores. On June 18, 2018, the company was acquired by multinational retailer JD Sports after the completion of its merger at a price of $13.50 per share in cash.
# Dennisiella

Dennisiella is a genus of fungi in the family Coccodiniaceae. It has 9 species. The genus was circumscribed by mycologists Augusto Chaves Batista and Raffaele Ciferri in 1962, with Dennisiella babingtonii designated as the type species. The generic name honours British mycologist R. W. G. Dennis. Fungi in this genus are epifoliar; that is, they live on living plant surfaces, particularly leaves.

## Species

* Dennisiella asetosa D.R.Reynolds & G.S.Gilbert (2005) – Australia
* Dennisiella babingtonii (Berk.) Bat. & Cif. (1962)
* Dennisiella caucasica (Woron.) Bat. & Cif. (1962)
* Dennisiella coussapoae F.B.Rocha, J.L.Bezerra & R.W.Barreto (2010) – Brazil (host: Coussapoa floccosa)
* Dennisiella ekmanii (Petr. & Cif.) S.Hughes (1976)
* Dennisiella fusispora (L.R.Fraser) S.Hughes (1976) – Australia
* Dennisiella longispora Mig.Rodr. (1985) – Cuba (host: Zanthoxylum martinicense)
* Dennisiella setosa (Woron.) Bat. & Cif. (1962)
* Dennisiella theae (Sawada) Bat. & Cif. (1962)