OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grotton

Grotton is a residential area in Saddleworth, a civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Located along the A669 road, it forms a continuous urban area with Austerlands and Springhead, which in turn link to Lees and Oldham, all of which are to Grotton's west.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Grotton was anciently a rural hamlet close to the boundary with Lancashire, and was centred on Grotton Hall, a former manor house. The hall was purchased by Edmund Buckley in the 1840s and inherited by his son Sir Edmund Buckley in 1864. Buckley sold the hall after he was declared bankrupt in 1876.
Although some buildings date from the 17th and 18th century, the urbanisation of Grotton broadly took place following the Industrial Revolution; Grotton became a large suburb of Oldham following a residential building boom in the 1930s. The 1930s housing being brick built are in stark contrast to the millstone grit farm houses dotted around the hamlet.
Before the inter-war residential development, Grotton was home to light industry, including brickworks and a couple of textile mills. All of these are now closed and demolished. During the 1930s new leisure buildings were constructed. Some still prominently featured, such as the Grade 2 listed Grotton pub built in 1938 have now been converted to a Co-op along with a lido and tennis courts added in 1935 to serve the leisure needs of the burgeoning community. However, these were closed in 1939. The former railway line to Oldham Mumps railway station closed in 1962, has been converted into a linear country park, providing a largely traffic-free walk for most of the way into Oldham. The old Grotton and Springhead railway station is also preserved. The platforms are visible, and the buildings are now a private house. East of Grotton, the line ran to join the current trans-pennine railway line at Greenfield railway station, but while it is possible to walk east from the station to the western portal of Lydgate Tunnel, the tunnel itself is blocked off and impassable, although it is maintained by the former British Railways Property Board in order to prevent subsidence.
vteNeighbouring districts and places. :
Austerlands
Scouthead
Grasscroft
Springhead
Grotton
Lydgate
Holts Village
Mossley
Quickedge :

## Transport (bus services)

Some bus services running through Grotton using the A669 road include (as of March 2024):
* 84: operated by Stagecoach Manchester under the Bee Network along Oldham Road (A669 road) and runs from Manchester and Oldham to Uppermill with some services terminating at and using Grotton turning circle.
* 343: operated by Stotts from Hyde to Oldham (Sunday operations are managed by Nexus Move). This is the only bus service connecting Grotton with nearby Mossley and, in the other direction Austerlands (to some extent).
* 180: operated by Stagecoach Manchester (Bee Network) from Oldham to Greenfield.
* 184: Operated under the Bee Network franchise by Stagecoach between Oldham, Diggle and Huddersfield.
# Stephen Mandel (hedge fund manager)

Stephen Frank Mandel Jr. (born March 12, 1956) is an American hedge fund manager, investor, and philanthropist. He founded Lone Pine Capital in 1997, after working as the managing director at Tiger Management. According to Forbes, Mandel has an estimated net worth of US$3.9 billion as of August 2022.

## Early life and education

Mandel is the son of Ann (née Safford) and Stephen Frank Mandel, grew up in a Jewish family, and was raised in Darien, Connecticut. He has a brother, Edward Safford Mandel. In 1974, Mandel graduated from the Phillips Exeter Academy. In 1978, he graduated from Dartmouth College with a Bachelor of Arts in government and was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity. He also has an M.B.A. from Harvard University.

## Investment career

From 1982 to 1984, he worked at Mars & Co as a senior consultant and then from 1984 to 1990, he worked as a consumer-retail analyst at Goldman Sachs before working as a consumer analyst and eventually managing director at Tiger Management, a hedge fund founded by Julian Robertson. Robertson, himself a billionaire, referred to Mandel as "probably the greatest analyst of all time."
In 1997, he left Tiger Management with backing from Robertson, and founded his own hedge fund, Lone Pine Capital (named after a Dartmouth College pine tree that survived an 1887 lightning strike).
Forbes listed Stephen Mandel as one of the 40 Highest-Earning hedge fund managers in 2012, one of the top 25 in 2013, and one of the top 15 in 2018.
As of January 2019, Mandel will no longer manage investments for his Lone Pine Capital but will remain a managing director.

## Wealth and philanthropy

According to Forbes Magazine, Mandel has a net worth of $3.9 billion as of October 2021. An increase of $1.1B, when compared to the Forbes 400 List, released October 2020.
He was chairman of Dartmouth's board of trustees and is currently chair of the national board of directors at Teach for America. He founded two charitable foundations: the Zoom Foundation and the Lone Pine Foundation. Mandel donated $2 million to the Lincoln Project, an anti-Donald Trump super PAC. Mandel donated $16,179,889 to the Democrats in the 2020 election cycle, making him the 22nd largest donor that year.

## Personal life

In 1982, he married Susan Joy Zadek of Baltimore, whom he met at Harvard. They have three children. His wife is a trustee of the Environmental Defense Fund and of Vassar College.
# Tom Lawton

Thomas Anthony Lawton (born Darwin, 1 November 1962) is a former Australian rugby union player. He played as a hooker.

## Career

Lawton comes from a known rugby union family: his grandfather, Tom Lawton, Snr was an important medic and, during his youth, he was a captain for the Wallabies in the 1920s. At club level, Lawton played for the Souths, from Brisbane, where he played for his entire career winning four Queensland State Championships, representing its state from 1984, and until 1992, Lawton played for Queensland 42 times. Lawton debuted for Australia in 1983, during a test match played at Clermont-Ferrand against France, and then, he took part at the victorious 1984 tour where Australia won the Grand Slam against England. In 1987, Lawton was called up among the selected players for the Australia national team at the 1987 Rugby World Cup, where the Wallabies finished fourth. In 1989, Lawton ends his international test experience during the tour of the British and Irish Lions to Australia, and in the following season, Lawton moved to South Africa, to play for Natal, with which he won the Currie Cup. He last represented the Wallabies during the 1992 tour to South Africa. After his retiring, Lawton returned in Australia, where currently he works in the retirement funds management branch; he also coached Souths, with which he won two Queensland championships in 1994 and 2000.
# Henk Kummeling

Hendrikus Rutgerus Bernardus Maria (Henk) Kummeling (born 10 January 1961) is a Dutch law professor. From 2005 until 2016 he was chair of the Dutch National Electoral Council. Since 2018 he is rector of Utrecht University, and since December 2024 is the chair of the Coalition on Advancing Research Assessment (CoARA).

## Biography

Kummeling studied law at the Radboud University Nijmegen where he obtained a PhD in 1988 under the supervision of Constantijn Kortmann. He worked as a scientist at the Radboud University Nijmegen and Utrecht University. In 1994 he was appointed parttime professor of Constitutional Law and Administrative Law at Tilburg University. In 1995 he was appointed full professor of Constitutional Law and Comparative Constitutional Law at Utrecht University, where he was dean of the Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance from 2008 until 2014. In 2015 he was appointed distinguished professor of Utrecht University (Dutch: universiteitshoogleraar), which is a Dutch honorary university function. Since 1 June 2018 Kummeling is rector of Utrecht University.
From 2005 until 2016 he was chair of the Dutch National Electoral Council (Dutch: Kiesraad), the highest electoral authority in the Netherlands. He chaired the State Committee on Rule of Law, established by the cabinet, parliament, and judicial branch in response to political scandals that harmed public trust such as the childcare benefits scandal, induced earthquakes in Groningen due to gas extraction, and the nitrogen crisis. It concluded in June 2024 that trust in the government had been damaged by a neglect of the rule of law and by overly-complicated rules and procedures.
On Dec 9, 2024 he was appointed chair of the Coalition on Advancing Research Assessment, a collective of organisations committed to reforming the methods and processes by which research, researchers, and research organisations are evaluated.
# Jean Chera

Jean Carlos Chera (born 12 May 1995), known as Jean Chera or simply Chera, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a attacking midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Vera, Mato Grosso, Chera joined Santos' youth setup in 2005, aged ten, after impressing while playing for ADAP. He was considered one of the club's brightest youth prospects, but left the club on 25 March 2011, after rejecting offers of renewal and with his father having altercations with the team's board.
Two months after leaving Peixe, Chera signed a three-year deal with Serie A club Genoa, being assigned to the Primavera squad. However, he returned to Brazil in November, and joined Flamengo.
Chera rescinded with Fla in December 2012, and moved to fellow league team Atlético Paranaense in February of the following year. He was released in August 2013, and signed for Cruzeiro in the following month; he was also shown the door by the latter in December 2013.
On 28 January 2014 Chera signed a professional deal with Oeste, being released on 28 March, after his side was relegated from Campeonato Paulista. On 19 June he agreed a contract with CS Universitatea Craiova, but was released just ten days later.
In July 2014 Chera switched teams and countries again, joining Greek Football League side Paniliakos. He finally made his professional debut on 17 October, coming on as a second half substitute in a 0–2 home loss against Panegialios.
In November Chera moved to Spanish Tercera División's SD Buelna, but returned to his home country in January 2015, signing for Cuiabá. On 21 May he was released, after appearing in only two state league matches (41 minutes of action).
On 30 July 2015 Chera returned to Santos, signing a four-month deal and being initially assigned to the under-23s. On 29 December he was loaned to Vitória das Tabocas, but it the loan did not materialize shortly after.
On 3 February 2016 Chera was loaned to Portuguesa Santista, along with another 13 Santos players, after a partnership between both clubs was established.
On 18 July 2016, Chera announced his retirement from professional football at the age of 21, returning to his hometown with his family and his girlfriend, 8-month pregnant at the date. The following day, however, he stated that he would return after his child's birth. His contract with Santos was rescinded on 26 July.
On 22 November 2016, Chera stepped out of retirement and signed for Sinop ahead of the following season. He terminated his contract with the club the following September, after being rarely used.
Chera retired for the 2018 season.

## Honours
### Cuiabá

* Copa Verde: 2015
# Amphistium

Amphistium paradoxum (from Greek: ἀμφί amphi, 'on both sides', Greek: ιστίον istion 'sail', and Greek: παράδοξος paradoxus 'extraordinary'), the only species classified under the genus Amphistium and the family Amphistiidae, is a fossil fish which has been identified as a Paleogene relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil. In a typical modern flatfish, the head is asymmetric with both eyes on one side of the head. In Amphistium, the transition from the typical symmetric head of a vertebrate is incomplete, with one eye placed near the top of the head.
Amphistium is among the many fossil fish species known from the Monte Bolca Lagerstätte of Ypresian Italy. Heteronectes is a related, and very similar fossil from a slightly earlier strata of France. Heteronectes is sometimes also placed in the family Amphistiidae, though other studies find it to be more basal than any other flatfish taxon.
# Alastair Bray

Alastair Bray (born 23 April 1993) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for South Melbourne FC in the National Premier Leagues Victoria.

## Career

After featuring for the NYL sides of both Melbourne Victory and Melbourne Heart, Bray joined Bentleigh Greens during the 2013 season. During his time at the club he received a call-up to the Olyroos squad. At the conclusion of the 2015 season Bray was released by Bentleigh and subsequently signed by Green Gully although he left the club without playing a game to trial with A-League club Central Coast Mariners.

### Central Coast Mariners

In January 2016, Bray signed for Central Coast on a six-month deal. He made his debut for the side on 16 January 2016 in a loss to Adelaide United. In June 2016 it was announced that Bray would not be signing a new contract to stay at the Mariners.
Following his release from the Mariners, Bray returned to Melbourne Victory on trial, featuring in a friendly against NPL side Port Melbourne SC in August 2016.

### Melbourne Victory

On 23 September 2016, Bray signed a one-year deal with Melbourne Victory, where he had previously spent two years as a youth player. On 12 May 2017, Bray was released by the club.

### South Melbourne FC

On 2 February 2018, Bray signed a two-year contract with South Melbourne FC. He made his debut for the club in round 1 of the NPL Victoria season against Bulleen Lions, however in the final moments of the match, he suffered a season ending ACL injury.
# Spencer Mugnier

Spencer Mugnier (born 1 December 1972 in Chamonix, Haute-Savoie, France) is a French curler.
He participated at the 2002 Winter Olympics where the French men's team finished in tenth place.

## Awards

* Collie Campbell Memorial Award: 2001.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 1989–90 | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Sylvain Ducroz | Thomas Dufour | | | WJCC 1990 (9th) |
| 1990–91 | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Sylvain Ducroz | Thomas Dufour | Philippe Caux | | WJCC 1991 (9th) |
| 1991–92 | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Sylvain Ducroz | Thomas Dufour | Philippe Caux | | WJCC 1992 |
| 1991–92 | Thierry Mercier (fourth) | Christophe Boan (skip) | Spencer Mugnier | Gerard Ravello | | | WCC 1992 (10th) |
| 1992–93 | Spencer Mugnier | Thomas Dufour | Sylvain Ducroz | Philippe Caux | Cyrille Prunet | | WJCC 1993 |
| 1993–94 | Spencer Mugnier | Thomas Dufour | Sylvain Ducroz | Philippe Caux | Cyrille Prunet | | WJCC 1994 (7th) |
| 1995–96 | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Daniel Cosetto | Thomas Dufour | Lionel Tournier | Patrick Philippe | ECC 1995 (8th) |
| 1996–97 | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Thomas Dufour | Lionel Tournier | Cyrille Prunet | | ECC 1996 (13th) |
| 1997–98 | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Thomas Dufour | Cyrille Prunet | Lionel Tournier | Raymond Ducroz | ECC 1997 (11th) |
| 1998–99 | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Thomas Dufour | Lionel Tournier | Cyrille Prunet | Maurice Dupont-Roc, Andrée Dupont-Roc | ECC 1998 (13th) |
| 2000–01 | Dominique Dupont-Roc | Jan Henri Ducroz | Thomas Dufour | Spencer Mugnier | Philippe Caux | Bruno-Denis Dubois | ECC 2000 (7th) WCC 2001 (6th) |
| 2001–02 | Dominique Dupont-Roc | Jan Ducroz | Thomas Dufour | Spencer Mugnier | Philippe Caux | | WOG 2002 (7th) |
| 2002–03 | Dominique Dupont-Roc | Jan Henri Ducroz | Spencer Mugnier | Philippe Caux | Julien Charlet | | ECC 2002 (9th) |
# Glossina vanhoofi

Glossina vanhoofi is one of the 23 recognized species of tsetse flies (genus Glossina), and it belongs to the forest/fusca group (subgenus Austenina).

## Distribution

Glossina vanhoofi was historically reported only from the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, a review of the scientific literature from 1990–2020 found that no entomological survey was carried out in its historical distribution areas and so there is no recent published information on the geographic distribution of the species.
# Rivers and Tides (soundtrack)

Rivers and Tides: Working with Time is a soundtrack by English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith, of the 2001 Anglo-German documentary film, Rivers and Tides by Thomas Riedelsheimer [de] about the British landscape sculptor Andy Goldsworthy.
Frith composed all the music for the soundtrack and incorporated sound clips of water from the film in the final mix. The music has been described as chamber and features Frith and a German trio of Karoline Höfler, Bernd Settelmeyer and Wolfgang Stryi.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
In a review of the album, AllMusic had this to say of Frith: "Rivers and Tides demonstrates that Frith is not only a skewed pop genius and fearless improviser, but a remarkably empathetic soundtrack composer as well."

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Fred Frith.
* "Part I" – 10:08
* "Part II" – 3:10
* "Part III" – 2:22
* "Part IV" – 1:25
* "Part V" – 4:40
* "Part VI" – 4:15
* "Part VII" – 11:31
* "Part VIII" – 3:20

## Personnel

* Fred Frith – guitar, samples, violin, piano, berimbao
* Karoline Höfler – double bass
* Bernd Settelmeyer – percussion
* Wolfgang Stryi – soprano saxophone, bass clarinet

## Sound and art work

* Digitally recorded and mixed at Jankowski Tonstudio, Esslingen, Germany, 8–9 July 2002
** Engineered by Peter Hardt
* Digital re-mixing and mastering at Bauer Studios, Ludwigsburg, Germany, 30–31 January 2003
** Engineered by Adrian von Ripka with Stefan Winter
* Art and photography by Andy Goldsworthy
* Prints by Peter Postel
# Bernd Schipmann

Bernd Dizon Schipmann (born 5 July 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for USL League One club Forward Madison. Born in Germany, he represents the Philippines national team.

## Club career
### Youth

Schipmann had his youth career at SC Greven 09, Osnabrück, Eintracht Frankfurt and Schalke 04.

### Schalke II

In 2013, Schipmann was promoted to Schalke 04 II, the reserve team of his club.

### Holstein Kiel

In 2015, after his 2-season spell with the reserve team of Schalke 04, Schipmann joined 2. Bundesliga club Holstein Kiel on a free transfer.
Schipmann spent most of his time in Holstein Kiel in the reserve team.

### Rot Weiss Ahlen

In 2018, after the expiry of his contract with his previous club, Schipmann joined Oberliga Westfalen club Rot Weiss Ahlen on a free transfer.

### Ratchaburi

Schipmann signed with Thai League 1 club Ratchaburi F.C. for their 2021–22 season.

### Forward Madison

Prior to their 2023 season, USL League One club Forward Madison announced the signing of Schipmann.

## International career

Schipmann was born and raised in Münster, Germany to a German father and a Filipino mother, making him eligible to represent either Germany or Philippines at international level.
In June 2019, Schipmann initially was called up for the Philippines for a friendly against China. However he did not feature in that match.
In May 2021, Schipmann was once again called-up to the Philippines national team ahead of three 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against China PR, Guam, and the Maldives. He made his debut on 7 June against China PR, where he collided with Wu Lei in the box as they both sprinted towards the through ball. Wu went on to score the penalty, and Philippines eventually lost the match 2–0. Four days later, Schipmann kept his first international clean sheet as they won 3–0 against Guam.

## Personal life

Schipmann was born to a German father and Filipina mother who is a native of Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur.

## Honours

Holstein Kiel
* Schleswig-Holstein Cup: 2017
# Golden Cañedo

Roma Mae Cañedo Apa-ap (born April 5, 2002), professionally known as Golden Cañedo (Tagalog pronunciation:), is a Filipina singer. She is the first grand winner of reality competition The Clash.

## Life and career

In October 2017, Cañedo appeared once as a contender in It's Showtime's Tawag ng Tanghalan. During her stint, she performed Jericho Rosales' song "Pusong Ligaw". However, she was eliminated.
Later in 2018, Cañedo auditioned for The Clash and advanced to the Top 62. Right after winning the said reality singing competition, Cañedo became a contract artist under GMA Network.
Along with her fellow The Clash batchmates, she became the mainstay of late-night musical variety show Studio 7. After its sudden conclusion, Cañedo later joined All-Out Sundays.
In 2021, Cañedo took a hiatus as she prioritize her studies.

## Discography
### Singles

| Year | Title | Notes | Label |
| 2018 | "Ngayon" | | GMA Music |
| 2019 | "Tayo Pa Rin" | | GMA Music |
| 2019 | "More Than Before" | To Have & to Hold theme song | GMA Music |
| 2019 | "Magpakailanman" | Magpakailanman theme song | GMA Music |
| 2019 | "Nakikita Ba ng Langit?" | Kara Mia theme song | GMA Music |
| 2019 | "Huwag Kang Susuko" | Prima Donnas theme song | GMA Music |
| 2020 | "Tayong Dalawa" | Anak ni Waray vs. Anak ni Biday theme song | GMA Music |
| 2020 | "Walang Hanggang Sandali" | | GMA Music |

## Filmography

Television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Network |
| 2017 | Tawag ng Tanghalan sa It's Showtime | Herself | Contender | ABS-CBN |
| 2018 | The Clash | Herself | Contender / Grand Champion | GMA Network |
| 2018; 2019; 2020 | Unang Hirit | Herself | Guest | GMA Network |
| 2018–19 | Studio 7 | Herself | Performer / Co-host | GMA Network |
| 2018 | Magpakailanman: Top of The Clash - The Golden Cañedo Story | Herself | Episode role / Guest | GMA Network |
| 2018; 2019 | Sarap, 'Di Ba? | Herself | Guest | GMA Network |
| 2018; 2019 | Sunday PinaSaya | Herself | Guest Performer | GMA Network |
| 2018 | Puso ng Pasko: The GMA Christmas Special | Herself | Performer | GMA Network |
| 2018–19 | Countdown to 2019: The GMA New Year Special | Herself | Performer | GMA Network |
| 2019 | The Clash season 2 | Herself | Guest Performer | GMA Network |
| 2019–20 | Kapuso Countdown to 2020: The GMA New Year Special | Herself | Performer | GMA Network |
| 2020–21 | All-Out Sundays | Herself | Performer / Co-host | GMA Network |
| 2020 | Wowowin | Herself | Guest | GMA Network |
| 2020 | The Clash season 3 | Herself | Guest Performer | GMA Network |
| 2020 | The Clash Christmas Special: Pasko Para sa Lahat | Herself | Performer | GMA Network |
| 2020–21 | Kapuso Countdown to 2021: The GMA New Year Special | Herself | Performer | GMA Network |
| 2021 | Centerstage | Herself | Guest | GMA Network |
| 2021 | The Clash: Flashback Specials | Herself | | GMA Network |
| 2023 | The Clash season 5 | Herself | Guest Performer | GMA Network |
# William Lovelace (MP, died 1577)

William Lovelace (c.1525–1577), of Bethersden, near Ashford and Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician and lawyer.
He was the son of William Lovelace and Alice Stevens Shaw (1495–1542), and studied law in Gray's Inn (1548), being called to the bar in 1551.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Canterbury in 1563, 1571 and 1572. He became serjeant-at-law in 1557.
He died in 1577 and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. He had married twice; firstly Anne Lewis (1536–1569), daughter of Robert Lewis (Alderman of Canterbury) with whom he had 2 sons and a daughter and secondly Mary, the daughter of Sir Thomas White, MP of South Warnborough, Hampshire and the widow of Thomas Caryll. His eldest son Sir William Lovelace (1561–1629) was MP for Canterbury in the Addled Parliament of 1614.