OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mercadona

Mercadona (Valencian:, Spanish:) is a Spanish supermarket chain, with 1,618 stores across Spain and 54 in Portugal (as of 10/2024).
The company was founded by Francisco Roig Ballester and his wife, Trinidad Alfonso Mocholi in 1977. Mercadona began as a small butcher's shop in Tavernes Blanques, a village in Valencia. Juan Roig assumed the role of CEO in 1981, and the company has since expanded nationwide.
In the 1990s, Juan Roig oversaw a series of changes across the whole company and revealed the new façade of Mercadona as a result of the competitive business landscape, which includes competitors such as Carrefour and the co-operative Eroski.

## History

Since its initial start as a butchers shop in 1977, Mercadona expanded to eight stores in 1981, and 1,148 stores by October 2013. The chain has had an online shop since 2001, which accounted for one percent of total sales in 2010. Today it accounts for 13.5% of Spain's total food retail space and was able to achieve over €508 million in profit for the 2012 fiscal year.
CEO Juan Roig plans to bring Mercadona to Italy or France but with potential modifications in his Spanish model of business to compete in the new markets. He was quoted in the Economist saying, "We must learn everything from everyone". The Mercadona Management Committee approved in 2016, the start of the expansion in Portugal, the first supermarket in Vila Nova de Gaia opened their doors in July 2019.

## Ownership

Juan Roig is the CEO and major shareholder (50%), his wife Hortensia Herrero owns 30%, and his brother Fernando Roig owns 9%.
There is a third partner, Rafael Gómez Gómez, who holds 7% of Mercadona.

## Business model

Mercadona dedicates much of its resources to eliminating unnecessary costs in its packaging. According to The Economist, the chain has saved €2.2 billion by reducing packaging materials.
Mercadona does not spend capital resources on advertising or marketing campaigns, which is another means of cutting costs. Instead relies on their Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube accounts to share pictures and videos of products and company practices.

## Modern changes

Mercadona was the first Spanish company to use barcodes in its stores. The system has since permitted greater monitoring of product movement in addition to an optimizing of checkout times. Mercadona also has an automated distribution center on the outskirts of Madrid, where computer monitors keep track of orders while manual labour is performed by robotic arms.

## Revenue

* Revenue in Millions of Euros
* Source: Mercadona
# Thomas Stangassinger

Thomas Stangassinger (born 15 September 1965) is an Austrian former alpine skier.

## Career

Throughout the 1990s, he belonged to the international slalom elite. He won a silver medal in the World Ski Championships in Saalbach-Hinterglemm and a bronze medal in the World Ski Championships in Morioka. His career highlight came when he won the slalom competition at the 1994 Olympics in Lillehammer.

## World Cup victories

| Date | Location | Race |
| 3 December 1989 | Mont Sainte-Anne | Slalom |
| 24 January 1993 | Veysonnaz | Slalom |
| 28 November 1993 | Park City | Slalom |
| 16 January 1994 | Kitzbühel | Slalom |
| 9 March 1997 | Shigakogen | Slalom |
| 22 November 1997 | Park City | Slalom |
| 18 January 1998 | Veysonnaz | Slalom |
| 25 January 1998 | Kitzbühel | Slalom |
| 28 November 1998 | Aspen | Slalom |
| 13 March 1999 | Sierra Nevada | Slalom |
# DDU

DDU, Ddu, DdU, D.D.U., or D.D.U may refer to:
* Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, India
* Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Hospital, Shimla, India
* Dumont d'Urville Station, a French scientific station in Antarctica
* Dymaxion Deployment Unit, a temporary housing unit designed by R. Buckminster Fuller for the United States Army in 1940
* Delivered Duty Unpaid, an international commercial term; see Incoterm
* DDU: District Detective Unit, an Irish police procedural drama from RTÉ
* Drug Dependency Unit, a special centre in the UK where drug addicts are treated, see Brain Committee for first use
* German Democratic Union (Deutsche Demokratische Union), a left-wing political party in Saarland, Germany
* Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction, station code: DDU
* Display Driver Uninstaller, a popular GPU driver removal tool for Nvidia, AMD, and Intel graphics cards
# Lick Object of 1921

The Lick Object of 1921 is an unidentified astronomical object that was observed from the Lick Observatory in August 1921. Although follow-up observations were not successfully conducted, it is hypothesized that this object is highly likely a non-periodic comet.

## Observational history

William Wallace Campbell reported the sighting of a star-like object about three degrees from the Sun on the evening of 7 August 1921. Observers noted that the object was as bright as Venus, reaching an apparent magnitude of –2 at its maximum. A possibility that it was a nova explosion was ruled out due to its high relative position (about 40 degrees) to the Galactic plane.
Zdenek Sekanina and Rainer Kracht published a study in 2016 where they concluded that the Lick object is highly likely a fragment of the same parent body as the comet C/1847 C1 (Hind). Their findings suggested that the Lick Object and C/1847 C1 splitted from a parent body sometime during their perihelion on the 7th millennium BC at a relative velocity of ~1.0–1.5 m/s (3.3–4.9 ft/s).
# Charles Whitney

Charles "Hawkeye" Whitney (born June 22, 1957) is an American former professional basketball player. After starring at North Carolina State, he was drafted by the Kansas City Kings in the first round of the 1980 NBA draft. A knee injury limited Whitney's professional career to just 70 games, and by 1989 he was homeless and addicted to cocaine.

## Kidnapping and arrest

On January 26, 1996, Whitney and a juvenile kidnapped Mark D. Fabiani, the personal attorney of then-First Lady Hillary Clinton. He was arrested, tried, convicted of a felony, and sentenced to 69 months in prison. Upon his release in 2000 he found work at the Niles Home for Children. Whitney asserted that he participated in the crime after being accused of stealing narcotics from another individual and as a way of protecting his sister whose life was threatened.
# Bruce Stern

Bruce Stern (September 25, 1942 – July 18, 2007) was an American attorney and gun collector. He served on the board of directors of the National Rifle Association of America.
Stern graduated from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania in 1964 and earned his J.D. at NYU, and his master's degree at the University of Bridgeport. A Captain in the U.S. Army, Stern was a Vietnam veteran, serving at Long Binh, and was a member of American Legion Post 141. In addition to his legal career, Stern was the founder and president of the Coalition of Connecticut Sportsmen, and a contributing writer to its magazine, Hook 'N' Bullet. He died on July 18, 2007.

## Firearms Collection

Stern amassed an historically significant collection of more than 4,000 rare and high-condition military firearms. These were disposed of in a series of auctions following his death. One session set a new world record of $12.7M for the highest grossing firearms auction, although firearms from Stern's collection only formed part of that auction.
After his death, Stern's collection achieved a legendary status online due to its size and quality, but also in part due to a series of photographs circulating since at least 2008. The images of an extensive gun room and museum-grade collection have been variously attributed to Stern, Charlton Heston, and Robert Starer of Historic Arms in Virginia. However, a 2009 investigation by Snopes did not establish a connection between the collection and any of these individuals.
# Franprix

Franprix is a French grocery store chain of the Groupe Casino, headquartered in Paris.

## History

The Franprix brand was created in 1958 by Jean Baud, son of grocers from Choisy-le-Roi. Franprix consists of convenience stores under 500 m$^2$, concentrated in Paris and the inner suburbs of the Île-de-France region: a sector that supermarkets (often located on the outskirts of urban areas) were unable to fully satisfy. The Casino group acquired a stake in the company in 1997, and increased its stake year by year until 2007, by which time it held all the shares. It then took control of Franprix's operational management.
Franprix now has 641 stores. At the same time, Franprix expanded into other major French cities, with the first store outside the Île-de-France region opening in Lyon in 2004. In 2012, Franprix entered into a partnership with logistics provider XPO, Inc. to deliver its 300 Paris stores by river, to avoid traffic on the streets of Paris.
In 2013, Franprix launched its first store on a freeway service area, its first loyalty program ("Ma Carte Franprix") and a charity operation, "L'Arrondi", which enables customers to round up their sales receipt to the nearest euro and donate the difference to charities.
In March 2015, after testing several new logos in its Paris stores, Franprix changed its visual identity, adopting a mandarin-shaped logo.
In 2016, Franprix signed a partnership with Western Union, to install its money transfer terminals in stores. The benefit for Franprix is that Western Union's customers - who are often regulars, as half of them are immigrant workers who send part of their wages to their families back home - become store customers at the same time. Another partnership has been signed with the social enterprise Phénix to collect and redistribute unsold goods to local associations.
In 2023, Franprix's parent Casino announced that they have completed a deal to avoid bankruptcy. This restructuring procedure would allow for the company to cut high debt and improve recent losses to other rival supermarket corporations. In 2024, Casino USA filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy.
# Eissporthalle Gletscher

The Eissporthalle Gletscher, is a German Icesport arena, which lies in Kupfermühle, near the border between Germany and Denmark. The EIssporthalle Gletscher was the home arena of the Flensburger EC. The arena belongs to the Hotel des Nordens and the Danish Fleegard-Group.
Built in 1983, the arena is mostly used by ice skaters. The arena can be used between November first and April first every year. Between the years of 1985 and 2004 the Flemsburgs Ice Hockey Team played its league matches at "Gletscherhalle". The seating capacity is 300. The arena can be used also for sports like Figure Skating or Ice stock sport, but not for Curling. During the ice skating season, there is an Ice Disco held once a week.
Every year the Aggewars, an ice stock tournament is held in the arena.
# 1990 São Toméan constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in São Tomé and Príncipe on 22 August 1990. The new constitution would introduce multi-party democracy for the first time since independence, as well as limiting the President to two terms. It was approved by 95% of voters. Parliamentary and presidential elections were held the following year.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 38,100 | 95.36 |
| Against | Against | 1,852 | 4.64 |
| Total | Total | 39,952 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 39,952 | 94.38 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 2,381 | 5.62 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 42,333 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 52,917 | 80.00 |
| Source: African Elections Database ||||
# Kaunia–Dharlla State Railway

The Kaunia–Dharlla State Railway was a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge railway in a part of British India now in Bangladesh. It was constructed in 1881, and was converted to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge in 1901. As a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge railway it operated small 0-4-2T and 2-4-0T locomotives
# Mariyammal Balamurugan

Mariyammal Balamurugan (born 14 April 2003) is an Indian professional footballer from Tamil Nadu, who plays as a midfielder for Kickstart in the Indian Women's League and the India women's national football team. She has also played for Sethu FC and East Bengal.

## Early life

Mariyammal hails from Salem district, Tamil Nadu and hails from a family of farmers. She started playing football at a young age and was scouted from the 2018 Khelo Indian Games.

## Career

Mariyammal has represented India in the U16 and U19 AFC qualifiers. She made her senior international debut in the 2021 International Women's Football Tournament of Manaus against Brazil. In January 2022, she was named in the Indian team to play AFC Women's Asian Cup.

## Honours

Kickstart
* Karnataka Women's League: 2023–24
# Igor Astapkovich

Ihar Astapkovich (also Igor Vyacheslavovich Astapkovich, Belarusian: Ігар Вячаслававіч Астапковіч; born 4 January 1963, in Navapolatsk) is a hammer thrower who won two Olympic medals, first representing the Soviet Union and later his home country of Belarus.
He won silver medals at three consecutive World Championships, and became the 1990 European champion. His personal best throw of 84.62 metres, achieved in 1992, puts him 6th on the all-time performers' list.
Astapkovich is married to Iryna Yatchenko, herself a Belarusian Olympic medalist, in discus thrower.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing the Soviet Union |||||
| 1987 | World Student Games | Zagreb, Yugoslavia | 1st | 78.46 m |
| 1989 | World Student Games | Duisburg, Germany | 1st | 80.56 m |
| 1990 | Goodwill Games | Seattle, United States | 1st | 84.12 m |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 1st | 84.14 m |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 2nd | 80.94 m |
| Representing Unified Team |||||
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 2nd | 81.96 m |
| Representing Belarus |||||
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 2nd | 79.88 m |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 2nd | 80.40 m |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 2nd | 81.10 m |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 7th | 78.20 m |
| 1996 | IAAF Grand Prix Final | Milan, Italy | 2nd | 79.84 m |
| 1997 | World Student Games | Catania, Italy | 7th | 73.80 m |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 5th | 79.70 m |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 7th | 77.81 m |
| 1998 | IAAF Grand Prix Final | Budapest, Hungary | 4th | 78.02 m |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 9th | 76.02 m |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 3rd | 79.17 m |
| 2001 | Goodwill Games | Brisbane, Australia | 6th | 74.85 m |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 7th | 79.72 m |
| 2002 | IAAF Grand Prix Final | Paris, France | 5th | 78.40 m |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | — | NM |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 9th | 76.22 m |
# Hedgesville High School

Hedgesville High School is located in Hedgesville, West Virginia, United States. Enrollment is around 1,300. Its mascot is the Eagle, and its colors are blue and gold.

## History

Hedgesville High School began as a one-room log schoolhouse in 1866. The building was torn down and a new brick building was erected in 1884. A new high school building was erected in 1976.
In 2004, U.S. President George W. Bush visited the school.

## Athletics

The school is involved in WSSAC Secondary Schools for sports affiliation. The track team has won three state titles, in 1995, 2009, and again in 2017. The boys' basketball team won the 2012 AAA West Virginia State Championship. The baseball team also won state in 2013.
Hedgesville's marching band is part of the Tournament of Bands marching band competition program. On October 22, 2011, the band scored an 88.0 at their Chapter 13/WV State Championship competition at Lewis County High School. At the Atlantic Coast Championship tournament on October 30, 2011, the band scored an 86.55.

## Notable alumni

* Saira Blair - class of 2014; elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in November 2014 at age 18
* QJ Peterson, basketball player
* Gale Catlett - former Head basketball coach for West Virginia University
* Chase DeLauter, baseball player for the Cleveland Guardians
# Barwali

Barwali is a village in Hanumangarh district of the Indian state of Rajasthan.

## Area

Ramgarh 6 km, Parlika 6 km, Rajpuria 5 km, Jamal 10 km, Nethrana 5 km are the nearest villages to Barwali (11 Ntr (b) ). Barwali (11 Ntr (b) ) is bordered by Nohar Tehsil to its west, Bhadra Tehsil to its east, and Sirsa Tehsil to its north.
# Maurycy Orzech

Maurycy Orzech (Polish pronunciation:; nom de guerre: Janczyn; 1891 – August 1943 in Pawiak, Warsaw) was a Polish Jew economist, journalist, politician and a leader of the Jewish Bund in interwar Poland. He was one of the commanders of the Bund during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

## Interwar Poland

Orzech joined the Bund in 1907 and was in charge of the party's newspaper, Forverts. In the late 1920s he served as chairman of the Bund-founded Socialist Association of Artisans of the Republic of Poland ("Socialist Artisans"). Orzech was also member of the Bund affiliated Morgnshtern sports organization. He owned a textile manufacturing factory, "Bazar Orzecha" which was very profitable. Orzech used money from his business to finance the Yiddish newspaper Folkstsaytung, of which he was also an editor.

## World War II

After the German invasion of Poland he tried, with help from the British embassy to escape on a ship to Sweden. However, he was arrested by the Germans and imprisoned in Berlin. Later, he was transferred to the Warsaw Ghetto. In the ghetto, Orzech worked for the charitable organization Joint. He also worked on the production of underground newspapers, including the Bundist Der Verker. In April 1942, the Germans began mass executions in the ghetto, supposedly as a way of combating underground literature. Orzech was summoned by Judenrat president Adam Czerniaków and asked that the Bund cease circulating its illegal newspapers. However, Orzech correctly surmised that the newspapers were just an excuse and that the mass executions were simply the first step in total extermination of Warsaw's Jews. The Bund refused Czerniaków's request. Orzech also wrote bulletins and proclamations to the residents of the ghetto not to trust the Germans and not to volunteer for supposed "labor in Germany" from the Umschlagplatz (which was in fact a collection point for deportation to the Treblinka extermination camp)
Most likely he was one of the organizers of the Antifascist Block (a group representing leftist Zionist and secular Jewish groups) and served as the Bund's representative at its conferences. Generally, Orzech saw the struggle of Poles and Jews against the German occupants as one and the same and favored the merger of Jewish resistance into Polish resistance. He, along with Leon Feiner, wrote the telegram which informed the Bundist member of the Polish government in Exile, Szmul Zygielbojm, about the outbreak of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

## Death

In 1943, after the fall of the Ghetto Uprising, he escaped but was eventually arrested by the Gestapo. According to some sources he was arrested during an attempt to cross the Romanian border, brought back to Warsaw where he was placed in Pawiak prison, and killed in August 1943.
# Albert Trapp

Albert Friedrich Trapp (October 2, 1886 – January 9, 1953) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1951 until his death.
Trapp was the son of Wilhelm Trapp, a German immigrant. In 1913, he married Charlotte Arnhold. He served on the council for the Rural Municipality of Brokenhead, also serving as reeve, was a school trustee and helped found the Brokenhead Agricultural Society.
Trapp was elected to the Manitoba legislature in a by-election held in St. Clements on October 24, 1950, following the death of the previous member, Nicholas Stryk. He easily defeated candidates from the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation and Labour Progressive Party, and served as a backbench supporter of Douglas Campbell's government.
Trapp's time in the legislature was brief, as he died in office in Beausejour in 1953. His son, A.A. Trapp, also served in the legislature in the 1950s.
# Alexei Kopeikin

Alexei Kopeikin (born 29 August 1983) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for HC Vityaz of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
He previously played four seasons as captain with HC Sibir Novosibirsk before joining Vityaz as a free agent on July 2, 2016.
# Stewart Creek Bridge

The Stewart Creek Bridge or Bridge L6007 is a stone arch bridge in the Smithville neighborhood of Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It was built around 1925 as part of the scenic Skyline Parkway overlooking the city. The Stewart Creek Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 under the name Bridge No. L-6007 for its state-level significance in the theme of engineering. It was nominated for being the most picturesque stone arch road bridge in design and setting in Minnesota.
The Stewart Creek Bridge is built of locally quarried, dark green gabbro, which is abundant in the Duluth area. The single-span arch over a deep ravine is built on rubble abutments, springing about seven feet (2.1 m) above grade and rising 10 feet (3 m) over a span of 30 feet (9 m). The rubble spandrel walls continue back in straight lines to form the retaining walls for the approaches. The bridge railings are topped with double sawtooth-shaped rows of gabbro. Overall, the bridge is about 29 feet (8.8 m) wide.
The bridge embodies mid-19th-century Picturesque traditions in its abrupt appearance on a secluded bend, high abutments emphasizing its height, arcing curve, pointed boulders lining the approach, and spiky railings. The City of Duluth rehabilitated the bridge from 2012 to 2013.
# KCR ex-WD Austerity 2-8-0

The Kowloon-Canton Railway class of ex-WD Austerity 2-8-0 was a class of 12 steam locomotives, ex-WD Austerity 2-8-0. Unlike other KCR locomotives, they apparently did not receive a class letter designation.
At the end of the war several WD Austerity 2-8-0s were in store at the Longmoor Military Railway and 12 were bought by the Crown Agents. They were overhauled at Royal Woolwich Arsenal and despatched from Tilbury and King George V docks in 1946 and 1947 as shipping became available.
In Hong Kong, the livery was green with red buffer beam and 2-8-0 type wheels, white smokebox doors, numbers on cabsides and tender sides.
Five, 21-25, were converted to oil firing. Hulson grates were fitted to the remainder. 25 was later converted back to coal firing. They were replaced by diesels and fell out of use before withdrawal. All were scrapped. The last loco to run in service was 26 on 2 September 1962.
22 was destroyed on April 27 1956. The firebox crown collapsed leading to an explosion which killed six people
Details were as follows:
| KCR No. | Former WD No. | Built | Builder | Works No. | Despatched | Landed Kowloon | Out of service | Withdrawn |
| 21 | 78660 | 1944 | North British | 78660 | 1946 | January 1947 | May 1956 | August 1957 |
| 22 | 77268 | 1944 | North British | 25139 | 1946 | December 1946 | April 1956 | August 1957 |
| 23 | 70805 | 1944 | North British | 25313 | 1946 | December 1946 | June 1958 | August 1959 |
| 24 | 77509 | 1944 | Vulcan Foundry | 5025 | 1946 | December 1946 | April 1957 | August 1957 |
| 25 | 77490 | 1944 | Vulcan Foundry | 5006 | 1946 | February 1947 | August 1957 | August 1957 |
| 26 | 77478 | 1944 | Vulcan Foundry | 4994 | 1946 | February 1947 | September 1962 | May 1963 |
| 27 | 77269 | 1944 | North British | 25140 | 1946 | August 1947 | December 1960 | March 1962 |
| 28 | 70820 | 1944 | North British | 24898 | 1946 | August 1947 | September 1955 | August 1957 |
| 29 | 78694 | 1944 | Vulcan Foundry | 5095 | 1947 | March 1948 | September 1962 | March 1963 |
| 30 | 77450 | 1943 | Vulcan Foundry | 4966 | 1947 | March 1948 | June 1956 | August 1957 |
| 31 | 78659 | 1944 | Vulcan Foundry | 5060 | 1947 | March 1948 | May 1955 | August 1957 |
| 32 | 79237 | 1944 | Vulcan Foundry | 5180 | 1947 | March 1948 | December 1956 | August 1959 |