OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2008 American Society of Cinematographers Awards

The 23rd American Society of Cinematographers Awards were held on February 15, 2009, honoring the best cinematographers of film and television in 2008.

## Winners and nominees
### Film

* Anthony Dod Mantle – Slumdog Millionaire
** Roger Deakins – Revolutionary Road
** Roger Deakins and Chris Menges – The Reader
** Claudio Miranda – The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
** Wally Pfister – The Dark Knight

### Television
#### Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Regular Series

* Nelson Cragg – CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Episode: "For Gedda")
** Ousama Rawi – The Tudors (Episode: "Everything Is Beautiful")
** Stephen Reizes – Flashpoint (Episode: "Who's George?")
** Gale Tattersall – House (Episode: "House's Head")
** Glen Winter – Smallville (Episode: "Fracture")

#### Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Miniseries or Pilot

* David Stockton – Eleventh Hour (Episode: "Resurrection")
** Oliver Bokelberg – My Own Worst Enemy (Episode: "Breakdown")
** Michael Bonvillain – Fringe (Episode: "Pilot")
** Jon Joffin – The Andromeda Strain (Episode: "Part 1")
** Kramer Morgenthau – Life on Mars (Episode: "Out Here in the Fields")
# Ross Tong

Ross Stuart Tong (born 21 April 1961) is a former New Zealand rower who won an Olympic bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Tong was born in 1961 in Wanganui, New Zealand. His father, Allan Tong, was an Olympic rower in 1956. Along with Don Symon, Kevin Lawton, Barrie Mabbott and Brett Hollister (cox), Tong Jr. won the bronze medal in the coxed four in 1984. He is listed as New Zealand Olympian athlete number 515 by the New Zealand Olympic Committee.
Tong is a former police officer. For some time, he coached rowing at King's College in Auckland. Tong is now Director of Sport at St John's College, Hamilton.
# Bataysk air base

Bataysk is a former airbase of the Russian Air Force located near Bataysk, Rostov Oblast, Russia.
The base was home to the 801st Training Aviation Regiment between 1952 and 1993 with the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (ASCC: Fagot), Aero L-29 Delfín (ASCC: Maya) & Aero L-39 Albatros.
# Takeharu Kato

Takeharu Kato (加藤 武治, Katō Takeharu, born March 24, 1978 in Tendō, Yamagata) is a retired Japanese professional pitcher.
# Kuder–Richardson formulas

In psychometrics, the Kuder–Richardson formulas, first published in 1937, are a measure of internal consistency reliability for measures with dichotomous choices. They were developed by Kuder and Richardson.

## Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20)

The name of this formula stems from the fact that is the twentieth formula discussed in Kuder and Richardson's seminal paper on test reliability.
It is a special case of Cronbach's α, computed for dichotomous scores. It is often claimed that a high KR-20 coefficient (e.g., > 0.90) indicates a homogeneous test. However, like Cronbach's α, homogeneity (that is, unidimensionality) is actually an assumption, not a conclusion, of reliability coefficients. It is possible, for example, to have a high KR-20 with a multidimensional scale, especially with a large number of items.
Values can range from 0.00 to 1.00 (sometimes expressed as 0 to 100), with high values indicating that the examination is likely to correlate with alternate forms (a desirable characteristic). The KR-20 may be affected by difficulty of the test, the spread in scores and the length of the examination.
In the case when scores are not tau-equivalent (for example when there is not homogeneous but rather examination items of increasing difficulty) then the KR-20 is an indication of the lower bound of internal consistency (reliability).
The formula for KR-20 for a test with K test items numbered i = 1 to K is
    $r={\frac {K}{K-1}}\left[1-{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{K}p_{i}q_{i}}{\sigma _{X}^{2}}}\right]$
where p$_i$ is the proportion of correct responses to test item i, q$_i$ is the proportion of incorrect responses to test item i (so that p$_i$ + q$_i$ = 1), and the variance for the denominator is
    $\sigma _{X}^{2}={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}(X_{i}-{\bar {X}})^{2}\,}{n}}.$
where n is the total sample size, X_$_i$ is the sum of items correct for the ith respondent and ${\bar {X}}$ is the mean of X_$_i$ values.
If it is important to use unbiased operators then the sum of squares should be divided by degrees of freedom (n − 1) and the probabilities are multiplied by n/(n−1).{\textstyle n/(n-1).}

## Kuder–Richardson Formula 21 (KR-21)

Often discussed in tandem with KR-20, is Kuder–Richardson Formula 21 (KR-21). KR-21 is a simplified version of KR-20, which can be used when the difficulty of all items on the test are known to be equal. Like KR-20, KR-21 was first set forth as the twenty-first formula discussed in Kuder and Richardson's 1937 paper.
The formula for KR-21 is as such:
    $r={\frac {K}{K-1}}\left[1-{\frac {Kp(1-p)}{\sigma _{X}^{2}}}\right]$
Similarly to KR-20, K is equal to the number of items. Difficulty level of the items (p), is assumed to be the same for each item, however, in practice, KR-21 can be applied by finding the average item difficulty across the entirety of the test. KR-21 tends to be a more conservative estimate of reliability than KR-20, which in turn is a more conservative estimate than Cronbach's α.
# August 2022 North Kivu attacks

Between August 25 and 30, 2022, fighters of the Allied Democratic Forces attacked six villages in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing over fifty-four people.

## Prelude

The ADF is a Ugandan jihadist group formed in the 1990s, but spread to eastern Congo in the 2010s. In 2019, the group pledged allegiance to the Islamic State, and a subsequent uptick in civilian attacks occurred. In the summer of 2022, the ADF ramped up attacks in North Kivu, with attacks in Otomabere and Kandoyi killing dozens. with On August 11-12, the ADF freed 800 inmates at a prison in Butembo, killing two policemen in the process.

## Attack

Villagers from Nord-Kivu claimed that the ADF had crossed over from neighboring Ituri province in search of arable land, and attacked six villages in North Kivu around the night of August 25. On August 27, three civilians were killed by the ADF in a locality of Bashu chiefdom, according to a local chief. At 5 am that same day in Kavasewa, a nearby village, the ADF attacked a military outpost before assaulting the village, burning down dozens of houses and bludgeoning multiple women to death. On August 29, an ADF attack west of Oicha killed two.
Attacks ramped up again on August 30, with the ADF pillaging the villages of Alima and Laliya. Fourteen villagers were killed in these attacks. The Congolese army also claimed to have secured control over the area after the ADF left. On the same day, ADF fighters assaulted the hamlet of Beu-Manyama, killing five villagers. International crisis groups, local hospitals, and local human rights groups assessed that the total death toll was over fifty people killed by the ADF in six days.
# GE 289A Boxcab

The General Electric (GE) 289A Boxcabs were a series of electric locomotives built by General Electric during the 1920s which operated in Chile on the Sociedad Química y Minera until the railroad was closed down in 2015 following severe weather damage.
They ran on 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge track and were powered through overhead wires running at 1.5 kV DC power.
Locomotives of this type are still in use in the 21st Century . and as of 2009, the railroad operated still operated seven locomotives of this type.
The builder’s plate attached to the locomotives in Chile gives the following technical details on the units: Class B-B -134/134-E-4GE289A, operating on 1500 V DC power, built at the GE plant in Schenectady, New York, USA.

## Gallery

* Driver's cab of SQM GE 289A No. 207
* The locomotives intended to replace the GE Boxcab on the SQM
* The GE 289A's shown in Chile.
# J Is for Jackson 5

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
J Is for Jackson 5 is a Jackson 5 compilation released on March 30, 2010. The album was released under Universal Motown's "Universal Music Family" line, compiling hits suitable for children and their parents.

## Track listing

* "I Want You Back"
* "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
* "The Love You Save"
* "ABC"
* "2-4-6-8"
* "I'll Be There"
* "Little Bitty Pretty One"
* "E-Ne-Me-Ne-Mi-Ne-Moe (The Choice Is Yours to Pull)"
* "My Little Baby"
* "Corner of the Sky"
* "Dancing Machine"
* "Mama's Pearl"
* "I Want You Back" (Karaoke)
* "The Love You Save" (Karaoke)
* "I'll Be There" (Karaoke)
* "Mama's Pearl" (Karaoke)
# 2022 Jarqli airstrikes

vteSyrian civil war :
Timeline
Background and causes
Casualties
Cities
map
Terrorism
Massacres :
On 16 August 2022, the Turkish Air Force targeted a Syrian Arab Army military base near the town of Kobanî, killing at least 38 Syrian government soldiers. The airstrikes were allegedly launched in response to the killing of a Turkish Army soldier in the town of Karkamış by the Syrian Democratic Forces earlier in the day.
# Dotara

The dotara (or dotar) (Assamese: দোতোৰা dûtûra, Bengali: দোতারা, Rangpuri: দোতোৰা dotora, literally, “Of [or ‘having’] two strings”) is a two-stringed, plucked musical instrument from South Asia, with most contemporary models having four playing strings (similar to the sarod). Comparatively, the sarod is a slightly larger and more elaborate instrument, being built with an additional set of resonant sympathetic strings. However, the dotara is still quite resonant and projective of its own sound, due to its rounded shape and overall construction. It is commonly played in Bangladesh (where it is known as the national instrument) and the Indian states of Assam, West Bengal and Bihar. It was mentioned in a 14th-century Saptakanda Ramayana. Later, it was adopted by the ascetic cults of Bauls and Fakirs. Today, it is also used to play Hindustani Classical Ragas.

## Etymology

The word is from Eastern Indo-Aryan (do târ), literally "two strings", or “double-stringed”, with the suffix “-a” indicating “having, -ed”. The instrument is known as dotara or dütara (Bengali: দোতারা, Assamese: দোতাৰা) and dütüra (Assamese: দোতোৰা). Additionally, it was believed to have been called dotara due to the strings being of equal pitch in tuning.

## History

Madhava Kandali, 14th century Assamese poet and writer of Saptakanda Ramayana, lists several instruments in his version of "Ramayana", such as Dotara, mardala, tabal, jhajhar etc.

## Construction

The dotara is a plucked stringed instrument, played in an open note combination, often played alongside folk percussive instruments such as Dhol, Khhol or Mandira. It is made out of neem or other hardwood, with an elongated, roundish belly for a soundbox, which tapers to a narrow neck culminating in a peg box which is often elaborately carved in the shape of a peacock-head, swan-head or other animal motifs. The fingerboard is fretless and made of brass or steel, as in a sarod. The soundbox of the instrument is covered with a tightly stretched kidskin or lizard-skin, as in a rabaab or a sarod.

## Tuning

With four strings, the dotara is tuned as follows (from top to bottom)—Soh (lower)-Do-Do-Fah. The Indian notation would read: Pa - Sa - Sa - Ma with Do/Sa being the tonic/root note of the song.
# Uppal (surname)

Uppal (Hindi: उप्पल) is an Indian and Pakistani surname. It is also found as clan name among the Khatris and Jats.

## Etomology

According to BN Puri, Uppal is derived from the Sanskrit term "utpalarana" which means "one who leaps upon their enemies". Puri further mentions it to be a part of the Bunjahi and Sareen subcaste of Khatris.
However, as per R.C. Dogra, Uppal means "stone". Uppals have origins in the districts of Montgomery, Amritsar and Ludhiana.

## Notables

* Chandeep Uppal, British actress
* Deana Uppal, winner of Miss India UK 2012
* Dharam Singh Uppal, Indian international track and field athlete and Superintendent of Punjab Police
* Hari Uppal, Indian classical dancer
* Param Uppal, Australian actor
* Paul Uppal, UK politician
* Priscila Uppal, Canadian author, poet and playwright
* Sahil Uppal, Indian actor
* Shiraz Uppal, Pakistani singer
* Stephen Uppal, British-Indian actor
* Tim Uppal, Canadian politician, banker, and radio host
* Vikas Uppal, India's all time tallest man
* Vishal Uppal, Indian tennis player
# 2009 AMA National Speedway Championship

The 2009 AMA National Speedway Championship Series

## Event format

Over the course of 12 elimination races, 20 heats each rider raced against every other rider once. The riders get placed in a main event according to their earned points. The championship was run over three rounds at the Costa Mesa Speedway in Costa Mesa, California and the Gold Country Fairgrounds in Auburn, California.

## The Final Classification

| Pos. | Rider | Points | CMS | AUB | AUB |
| | Greg Hancock | 62 | 20+1 | 20 | 20+1 |
| | Billy Janniro | 53 | 18 | 18+1 | 16 |
| | Bart Bast | 40 | 10 | 16 | 14 |
| 4 | Charlie Venegas | 38 | 8 | 12 | 19 |
| 5 | Kenny Ingalls | 31 | 16 | 5 | 10 |
| 6 | Bryan Yarrow | 27 | 5 | 10 | 12 |
| 7 | Eddie Castro | 27 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 8 | Ricky Wells | 26 | 12 | 14 | — |
| 9 | Tommy Hedden | 25 | 3 | 11 | 11 |
| 10 | Matt Becker | 15 | — | 7 | 8 |
| 11 | Gary Hicks | 14 | 14 | — | — |
| 12 | Greg Hooten | 13 | — | 6 | 7 |
| 13 | Tyson Burmeister | 13 | — | 8 | 5 |
| 14 | Jimmy Fishback | 11 | 11 | — | — |
| 15 | Mark Carrillo | 9 | — | 3 | 6 |
| 16 | Shawn McConnell | 7 | 7 | — | — |
| 17 | Bobby Schwartz | 6 | 6 | — | — |
| 18 | Bryce Starks | 5 | — | 4 | 1 |
| 19 | Alex Marrcucci | 4 | — | 2 | 2 |
| 20 | Buck Blair | 4 | 4 | — | — |
| 21 | Kelly Kerrigan | 4 | — | — | 4 |
| 22 | Mike Faria | 2 | 2 | — | — |
| 23 | Nate Perkins | 2 | 1 | 1 | — |
# 2007 Soul Train Music Awards

The 2007 Soul Train Music Awards were held on March 10, 2007 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California and it was hosted by LeToya Luckett and Omarion. The awards ceremony was televised on March 17 and 24 on cable TV.
The ceremony included a performance by Jennifer Hudson, Hudson also received the Entertainer of the Year award. Other performers included, were Robin Thicke, LeToya Luckett, Rick Ross and Ronald Isley, also a special tribute to the God Father of Soul, James Brown.

## Special awards
### Quincy Jones Award for Outstanding Career Achievements

* Jermaine Dupri

### Stevie Wonder Award for Outstanding Achievement in Songwriting

* Babyface

### Sammy Davis, Jr. Award for "Entertainer of the Year"

* Jennifer Hudson

## Winners and nominees

Winners are in bold text.

### Best R&B/Soul Album – Male

* Jamie Foxx – Unpredictable
** Chris Brown – Chris Brown
** John Legend – Once Again
** Robin Thicke – The Evolution of Robin Thicke

### Best R&B/Soul Album – Female

* Mary J. Blige – The Breakthrough
** Beyoncé – B'Day
** India.Arie – Testimony: Vol. 1, Life & Relationship
** Monica – The Makings of Me

### Best R&B/Soul Album – Group, Band or Duo

* The Isley Brothers Featuring Ronald Isley – Baby Makin' Music
** Gnarls Barkley – St. Elsewhere
** Danity Kane – Danity Kane
** Jagged Edge – Jagged Edge

### Best R&B/Soul Single – Male

* John Legend – "Save Room"
** Avant – "4 Minutes"
** Chris Brown – "Yo (Excuse Me Miss)"
** Ne-Yo – "Sexy Love"

### Best R&B/Soul Single – Female

* Beyoncé – "Irreplaceable"
** Mary J. Blige – "Take Me As I Am"
** Keyshia Cole – "Love"
** LeToya – "Torn"

### Best R&B/Soul Single – Group, Band or Duo

* Gnarls Barkley – "Crazy"
** The Isley Brothers Featuring Ronald Isley – "Just Came Here to Chill"
** Jagged Edge – "Good Luck Charm"
** The Pussycat Dolls (featuring Avant) – "Stickwitu"

### The Michael Jackson Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video

* Jay Z – "Show Me What You Got"
** Beyoncé – "Irreplaceable"
** Busta Rhymes (featuring will.i.am and Kelis) – "I Love My Chick"
** Jim Jones – "We Fly High"

### The Coca-Cola Classic Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist

* Ne-Yo
** Lupe Fiasco
** Rick Ross
** Yung Joc

### The Sprite Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap Dance Cut

* DJ Webstar and Young B. (featuring The Voice of Harlem) – "Chicken Noodle Soup"
** Dem Franchize Boyz (featuring Lil Peanut and Charlay) – "Lean wit It, Rock wit It"
** Sean Paul – "Give It Up to Me"
** Yung Joc – "It's Goin' Down"

### Best Gospel Album

* Kirk Franklin – Songs from the Storm, Volume I
** The Caravans – Paved the Way
** Bishop G.E. Patterson & Congregation – Singing the Old Time Way, Volume II
** Youth for Christ – The Struggle is Over

## Performers

* Jennifer Hudson
* Omarion
* Robin Thicke
* Letoya Luckett
* Rick Ross
* Ronald Isley
* DJ Webstar and Young B.
# Zerøspace

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| PopMatters | (positive) |
Zerøspace is the second album from the band Kidneythieves, released on March 26, 2002. It includes a slightly reworked version of their 1998 cover of Patsy Cline's "Crazy" which originally appeared on the Bride of Chucky soundtrack.
"Beføre I'm Dead" is featured on the soundtrack of the 2002 film, Queen of the Damned.

## Track listing

All songs written by Kidneythieves, except where noted
* Beføre I'm Dead – 4:36
* Zerøspace – 3:50
* Arsenal – 5:14
* Mølten – 0:51
* Black Bullet – 4:08
* Dyskrasia – 4:21
* Spank – 4:20
* Glitter Girl – 4:15
* Serene Dream – 3:36
* Amnzerø – 2:07
* Crazy – 3:18
* Placebø – 6:39
* Take a Train [Awakening] – 2:21

## Personnel

* Executive Producer – Yoshiki Hayashi
# Wade Stinson

Wade Stinson (born 1926 or 1927; died March 2001) was an American football halfback and athletic director for the Kansas Jayhawks.
Stinson suffered a serious injury in World War II, including the loss of one finger and mangling of three others. After skin, nerve and tendon grafting, he enrolled at Kansas, played sparingly as a sophomore in 1948, and lettered as a second stringer in 1949. As a senior in 1950, he ranked fifth nationally in rushing yards (1,129 yards) and eleventh in scoring (84 points). His total of 1,129 yards was a Kansas school record until broken by Gale Sayers in 1963.
Stinson returned to his alma mater as athletic director from 1964 to 1972.
# Dialloubé raid

The raid on Dialloubé took place on February 23, 2019, and was an ambush by Franco-Malian forces against Katibat Macina.

## Raid

On February 23, French troops from Operation Barkhane spotted a group of Katiba Macina fighters near the town of Dialloubé, in the northern Mopti region. That evening, French fighter jets and drones launched an airstrike on the Katibat Macina positions, with Malian troops then intervening and destroying two jihadist bases. French forces later stated around 15 jihadists were killed, while Malian sources claimed the deaths of 20 jihadists.
# El Satario

El Satario (Spanish: The Satyr), also known as El Sartorio or ”The Devil”, is the name of one of the earliest surviving pornographic films. Based on the fashions and technology depicted, it was likely produced in Argentina around 1907, and includes possibly the first use of extreme close-ups of genitalia. One author has suggested that it may instead date to 1930s Cuba. It has also been suggested that the film is intended as a parody of Vaslav Nijinsky's ballet Afternoon of a Faun.

## Plot

While a group of nude young women are frolicking in the countryside, a satyr appears (called a devil in a titlecard), causing the women to flee. One of the women faints and is sexually assaulted by him, first in 69 position and then in various penile-vaginal positions, until he ejaculates in her vagina. At points he also attempts to finger her anus, an act she vigorously resists. The other women then return and put him to flight.

## Release

The Kinsey Institute dates the film between 1907 and 1912. Journalist Kurt Tucholsky described in a 1913 article his experience viewing several stag films in Berlin, one of which has a similar description to El Satario.
# Luis Martínez (footballer, born 1991)

Luis Fernando Martínez Castellanos (born 14 December 1991), also known as El Salamá, is a Guatemalan professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga Nacional club Malacateco.

## International career

Martínez was first called up to the Guatemala squad in 2015. He scored his first goal for Guatemala in a 3–1 victory over Honduras.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 6 July 2021.
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Guatemala | 2015 | 1 | 0 |
| Guatemala | 2016 | 6 | 1 |
| Guatemala | 2017 | 0 | 0 |
| Guatemala | 2018 | 1 | 0 |
| Guatemala | 2019 | 7 | 2 |
| Guatemala | 2020 | 2 | 0 |
| Guatemala | 2021 | 6 | 4 |
| Total | Total | 23 | 7 |

#### International goals

    Scores and results list Guatemala's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 10 February 2016 | Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores, Guatemala City, Guatemala | Honduras | 3–1 | 3–1 | Friendly |
| 2. | 26 March 2019 | Nicaragua National Football Stadium, Managua, Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly |
| 3. | 16 November 2019 | Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores, Guatemala City, Guatemala | Puerto Rico | 5–0 | 5–0 | 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League C |
| 4. | 24 March 2021 | Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores, Guatemala City, Guatemala | Cuba | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 5. | 4 June 2021 | Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores, Guatemala City, Guatemala | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 6–0 | 10–0 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 6. | 3 July 2021 | DRV PNK Stadium, Fort Lauderdale, United States | Guyana | 2–0 | 4–0 | 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification |
| 7. | 6 July 2021 | DRV PNK Stadium, Fort Lauderdale, United States | Guadeloupe | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification |

## Honours

Xelajú
* Liga Nacional de Guatemala: Clausura 2012
Guastatoya
* Liga Nacional de Guatemala: Clausura 2018, Apertura 2018, Apertura 2020
# Randwick light rail station

Randwick light rail station is the terminus of the Randwick branch of the CBD and South East Light Rail, located on the eastern end of High Street in the Sydney suburb of Randwick, New South Wales, Australia. It opened on 14 December 2019.
The station is adjacent to the Prince of Wales Hospital and is close to the Randwick town centre.

## History

On 13 December 2012, the O'Farrell ministry announced a commitment to build a light rail line from Circular Quay down George Street to Central station, then across to Moore Park and down Anzac Parade with branches to Kingsford and Randwick.
The station was originally proposed to be named Randwick Junction. The original design featured two side platforms located in High Cross Park adjacent to Belmore Road, attracting criticism from community members due to loss of trees and parkland. The stop was redesigned in the project's Submissions Report to reduce the loss of green space in the park, however a campaign to move the stop continued.
The City of Randwick requested the stop be moved to High Street, outside the Prince of Wales Hospital and Transport for NSW ultimately agreed to do this. A location within High Cross Park was considered to provide the best interchanges between trams and buses.
Passenger services between Circular Quay and Randwick began on 14 December 2019.

## Services

| Line | Stopping pattern | Notes |
| L2 | services to Circular Quay via Central | |