OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomson Reuters Aranzadi

Thomson Reuters Aranzadi (also called Aranzadi-Thomson Reuters or simply Aranzadi) is a Spanish publishing company, part of Thomson Reuters Spain. It has its headquarters in Cizur Menor (Navarre).
It is the leading publisher of Law and Social and Legal Sciences in Spain. It is part of the multinational company Thomson Reuters (through its Spanish subsidiary Thomson Reuters Spain).
Its official name has been Editorial Aranzadi (1929-1999), Editorial Thomson Aranzadi (1999-2008) and Thomson Reuters Aranzadi (2008–present).

## History

Editorial Aranzadi (Editorial Aranzadi, SA) was created in 1929 as a family business, in Navarra (Spain), by the Spanish lawyer and politician Manuel Aranzadi. Since its creation, it has become the most important legal publisher in Spain, a leading Spanish company in legal publications.
In 1999, Editorial Aranzadi was acquired by the multinational The Thomson Corporation, which in that year had a turnover of 7,000 million pesetas (42 million euros).
In 2008, The Thomson Corporation bought the Reuters company, giving rise to the current Thomson Reuters. With this, the Spanish publisher was renamed Editorial Thomson Reuters Aranzadi.
According to the rankings, including the SPI ranking (Scholarly Publishers Indicators) and the ranking of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), the Thomson Reuters Aranzadi publishing house is the first leading publisher in Law and Social and Legal Sciences in Spain and the third in Humanities and Social Sciences in general in Spain (after Grupo Anaya).
Thomson Reuters Aranzadi has collaboration agreements with legal institutions such as the Madrid Bar Association (ICAM), the Spanish Confederation of Young Lawyers (CEAJ) and others.

## Imprints

Within the Thomson Reuters Aranzadi publishing house are: Thomson Reuters Aranzadi (publisher), Thomson Reuters Aranzadi Formation, Aranzadi Digital, Aranzadi One, Aranzadi Fusión, Legal One, HighQ, etc.
It also owns and publishes various academic journals (Revista Aranzadi Doctrinal, Revista Española de Derecho Administrativo, Revista Unión Europea Aranzadi...).
# Prince B.B Apugo

Benjamin Benedict Apugo (born 5 November 1951) is a Nigerian politician, philanthropist and entrepreneur in the oil field, he is a founding father of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in 1998 and a current Board of Trustees Member of the All Progressive Congress (APC) party. He is from Ibeku in Abia State, Nigeria. In 2007, Apugo contested for the National Chairman under PDP, his then political party. In 2020, he emerged winner of Business Hallmark's Outstanding Political Leadership Award for the year 2020.

## Early life and education

Apugo was born to the family of late Prince Joseph Apugo Ihejirika and Princess Harriet Apkanu Apugo of Umuakaka ruling house, Nkata in Umuahia Ibeku, Abia State Nigeria, A traditionalist who was recently honoured by the Abia State Council for Arts and Culture and has the title "Ochiaga of Ibeku" or "Oparaukwu Ibeku". In 1979, he contested for the then Imo State Deputy Chairmanship of the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) and won the election. B.B, as he is popularly known, joined the National Republican Convention (NRC) party and became a member of the National Executive Council of the Party.
Prince Apugo attended St. Mary's Catholic School in Ibeku, St Michael's School Idima, Abam and Xaview College Etiti-Ulo, Bende for his primary and secondary education.

## Career

Apugo joined the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) when he was 26 years old, he was an ally of the late former President of Nigeria, Shehu Shagari, and the late Adamu Ciroma, invigorating his career. In 2007, he contested for National Chairman of the People's Democratic Party.
In 2023, he endorsed the current Abia State ruling party, Labor Party, (LP) and current Governor, Dr. Alex Otti, without party-bias, despite being a member of the APC .
In former times, Apugo has also endorsed prominent figures in the history of Nigerian politics.
# Sergio (2009 film)

Sergio is a 2009 documentary film based on Samantha Power's biography, Sergio: One Man's Fight to Save the World. The film revolves around the story of a Brazilian United Nations diplomat, Sérgio Vieira de Mello who worked for the UN for more than 34 years and was ultimately killed in the Canal Hotel bombing in Iraq on August 19, 2003. The work includes extensive interviews with William von Zehle, a U.S. Army First Sergeant in 2003, who spent hours trying to rescue de Mello from under a 9m stack of concrete and other debris of the collapsed building.
Sergio premiered at the 2009 Sundance Film Festival, where Karen Schmeer won the Documentary Editing Award.

## Festival screenings

* Sundance Film Festival – World Premiere- Park City, UT 2009 Award winner – Best Editing, Documentary Karen Schmeer
* True/False Film Festival Columbia, MO 2009
* Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival Toronto, Canada 2009
* Mountainfilm in Telluride Telluride, CO 2009 Audience Award Winner
* Expression En Corto San Miguel de Allende, Mexico 2009
* Melbourne International Film Festival Melbourne, Australia 2009
* Sarajevo Film Festival Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2009
* Zurich Film Festival Zurich, Switzerland 2009
* Aspen FILMFEST Aspen, CO 2009 Audience Award Winner, Best Documentary
* Internazionale a Ferrarra Italy 2009
* BFI 53rd London Film Festival London, UK 2009
* Heartland Film Festival Indianapolis, IN 2009 Crystal Heart Award Winner
* Bergen International Film Festival Bergen, Norway 2009
* Sheffield Doc/Fest, Sheffield, UK 2009
* Global Visions Film Festival Edmonton, Canada 2009
* IDFA- Amsterdam 2009
* Stockholm International Film Festival- Stockholm, Sweden
* Dominican Republic International Film Festival
* Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 2009
* Palm Springs International Film Festival Palm Springs, CA 2010
* Sedona International Film Festival Sedona, AZ 2010 WINNER Director's Choice Award
* DOCNZ Auckland/Wellington NZ 2010
* Kosmorama Trondheim International Film Festival Trondheim, Norway 2010
* Beldocs, International Feature Documentary Film Festival Beograd, Serbia
* Norwegian Documentary Volda, Norway 2010
# Prešeren Day

Prešeren Day (Slovene: Prešernov dan), full name Prešeren Day, the Slovene Cultural Holiday (Slovene: Prešernov dan, slovenski kulturni praznik), is a public holiday celebrated in Slovenia on 8 February. It is marking the anniversary of the death of the Slovene national poet France Prešeren on 8 February 1849 and is the celebration of the Slovenian culture. It was established in 1945 to raise the cultural consciousness and the self-confidence of the Slovene nation, and declared a work-free day in 1991. On 7 February, the eve of the holiday, the Prešeren Awards and the Prešeren Fund Awards, the highest Slovenian recognitions for cultural achievements, are conferred. Prešeren Day continues to be one of the most widely celebrated Slovene holidays. During the holiday all state and municipal museums and galleries offer free entry, and various other cultural events are held. The holiday is celebrated not only in Slovenia, but also by Slovene communities all around the world.

## History

The anniversary of Prešeren's death first became a prominent date during World War II in 1941, when 7 February was celebrated as the day of all-Slavic unity. The proposal to celebrate 8 February as the Slovene cultural holiday was put forward in January 1945, during World War II, in Črnomelj by the Slovene Liberation Front's cultural worker Bogomil Gerlanc. It was officially proclaimed a cultural holiday with a decree passed by the Presidency of the Slovene National Liberation Council on 28 January 1945 and published in the newspaper Slovenski poročevalec on 1 February 1945. It remained a public holiday during the era of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia within the SFR Yugoslavia and was celebrated also by the Carinthian Slovenes and the Slovenes in Italy. It was marked with many cultural festivals and remembrances and with school excursions to culturally significant institutions.
The declaration of Prešeren Day as a work-free day in 1991 was opposed by many, claiming it would bring the banalisation of a holiday designed to be dedicated to cultural events. As a result, 3 December, the anniversary of the poet's birth, has also become widely celebrated as an alternative holiday. Today both days are almost equally celebrated, with no antagonism between the two, although only Prešeren Day in February is officially recognised as a national holiday. Since it became a work-free day, it has become even more highly valued.
# Bowel infarction

Bowel infarction or gangrenous bowel represents an irreversible injury to the intestine resulting from insufficient blood flow. It is considered a medical emergency because it can quickly result in life-threatening infection and death. Any cause of bowel ischemia, the earlier reversible form of injury, may ultimately lead to infarction if uncorrected. The causes of bowel ischemia or infarction include primary vascular causes (for example, mesenteric ischemia) and other causes of bowel obstruction.

## Signs and symptoms

Symptoms include severe abdominal pain.

## Causes

Primary vascular causes of bowel infarction, also known as mesenteric ischemia, are due to blockages in the arteries or veins that supply the bowel. Types of mesenteric ischemia are generally separated into acute and chronic processes, because this helps determine treatment and prognosis.
Bowel obstruction is most often caused by intestinal adhesions, which frequently form after abdominal surgeries, or by chronic infections such as diverticulitis, hepatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The condition may be difficult to diagnose, as the symptoms may resemble those of other bowel disorders. Bowel volvulus describes a specific form of bowel obstruction, where the intestine and/or mesentery are twisted, resulting in ischemia.

## Management

The only treatment for bowel infarction is immediate surgical repair and eventually removal of the dead bowel segment.
Patients who have undergone extensive resection of the small bowel may develop malabsorption, indicating the need for dietary supplements.
# ČSD Class E 499.3

ČSD Class E 499.3 electric locomotives were used primarily for passenger trains in Czechoslovakia. Locomotives which passed to České dráhy, rail operator in the Czech Republic are now classified as Class 163, those which passed to ZSSK, rail operator in Slovakia, are also Class 163.
E 499.3 locomotives operate on the 3,000 V DC system and are essentially a DC only version of the ES 499.1.
ČD Class 163.2 and some ZSSK Class 163 locomotives were rebuilt from ČD and ZSSK Class 162. This was caused by lack of fast dual system locomotives as only one Class 362 locomotive was built. This situation solved ČD by switching the bogies between locomotives of ČD Class 363 (same as ŽSR/ZSSK Class 363) and Class 162, ŽSR by switching only the speed-change box and axletrees between Class 363 and Class 162. After that procedure, the locomotives were classified ČD and ŽSR/ZSSK Class 362 and ČD Class 163.2 and ŽSR/ZSSK Class 163.

## History

The locomotive was produced in the years 1984-1992 in four series of 20, 40 (2nd and 3rd serie) and 60 engines.
Because it was a slightly modified version of ČSD Class ES 499.1, there weren't any prototypes built. The first series of locomotives were sent to Ústí nad Labem, next two series were sent to Olomouc, Košice and Česká Třebová. Currently, the ČD are units in Česká Třebová, Děčín and Bohumín and ZSSK units in Košice and Žilina.

## Modernisation

All 30 locomotives owned by ČD Cargo were rebuilt to class 363.5 (dual voltage) by Škoda. ZSSK announced tender for rebuilding 15 locomotives class 163/162 to class 361, which was won by ŽOS Vrútky. As of January, 2014, 5 locomotives of class 361 (dual voltage, max. speed 140 km/h) and 4 locomotives of class 361.1 (dual voltage, max. speed 160 km/h) were built.
Since 2013, they were used for operation in push-pull sets with driving trailers and they were used mostly operate services in various commuter trains.
* Class E 499.3 at the station Česká Třebová with a driving trailer at the end

## Service in other countries
### Italy
#### E.630

Because of the financial problems of ČSD (and then ČD and ŽSR) after the Velvet revolution, Škoda rebuilt 9 pieces of the fourth series and sold them to FNM, Italy. These were classified as FNM Class E.630. In 2010, all E630 locomotives were sold to Czech private operator RegioJet and were rebuilt to class 162.

## Disposition

| 163.021 - 163.022 | ČD |
| 163.025 - 163.026 | ČD |
| 163.029 - 163.030 | ČD |
| 163.034 - 163.035 | ČD |
| 163.039 - 163.048 | ČD |
| 163.050 | ZSSK |
| 163.052 | ZSSK |
| 163.054 - 163.055 | ZSSK |
| 163.057 | ZSSK |
| 163.061 - 163.100 | ČD |
| 163.101 | ZSSK |
| 163.104 - 163.111 | ZSSK |
| 163.112 - 163.119 | ZSSK (rebuilt from Class 162) |
| 163.121 - 163.124 | ZSSK (rebuilt from Class 162) |
| 163.215 - 163.217 | ČD (rebuilt from Class 162) |
| 163.233 - 163.234 | ČD (rebuilt from Class 162) |
| 163.241 - 163.245 | ČD (rebuilt from Class 162) |
| 163.247 - 163.252 | ČD (rebuilt from Class 162) |
| 163.255 - 163.260 | ČD (rebuilt from Class 162) |
As of 2008-06-19, 38 163s remained in service with ZSSK, 30 with ČD Cargo and 78 with ČD, as at 2008-03-02.
# Hristo Lukov

Hristo Nikolov Lukov (Bulgarian: Христо Николов Луков; 6 January 1887 in Varna – 13 February 1943 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian lieutenant-general, politician, and Minister of War, who led the nationalistic Union of Bulgarian National Legions (UBNL), an organisation largely supportive of Nazi ideology. He was assassinated in 1943 by two members of the Bulgarian resistance movement, Violeta Yakova and Ivan Burudzhiev.

## Military and political career
### First World War

Hristo Nikolov Lukov was promoted during World War I to the rank of a major and a commander of an artillery battalion. Abroad he is incorrectly thought to be the commander of the 13th Infantry division during World War I. In fact, that was major-general Hristo Tsonev Lukov, a native of Gabrovo.

### Interwar period

During the interwar period Hristo Nikolov Lukov became the commander of the Army School of Artillery, of the Training Section of the General Staff's Artillery Inspection, and of the 2nd and 3rd Infantry divisions.
Between 1935–1938 Lukov served as Minister of War, in which position he created close ties to high-ranking Nazi officials.

### Second World War

During the Second World War he was a key supporter of the Axis powers, particularly Nazi Germany. This was largely due to his close relations with the Third Reich and his activities as leader of UBNL. Lukov was considered one of the most prominent advocates of antisemitic ideas in Bulgaria.

## Death

Lukov was shot dead by Communist partisans on 13 February 1943 in Sofia. According to the book In the Name of the People, he was ambushed by two Jewish resistance fighters in front of his apartment in Sofia. Although struck by one bullet, he fought back one of the partisans, Ivan Burudzhiev, but the second one, Violeta Yakova, fired two more shots and killed him.

## 'Lukov March'

From 2003 to 2019, the far-right Bulgarian National Union hosted an annual 'Lukov March' to commemorate “fallen heroes of Bulgaria” with a torch march, taking place in February in Sofia. It persistently caused controversy and was subject to multiple court bans. In 2020, the Supreme Administrative Court upheld a ban by the Sofia municipality so that the evening procession was cancelled. Less than 200 supporters of Lukov still gathered for the laying of wreaths at the house where Lukov was killed. Over one hundred people gathered for a counter-protest in central Sofia earlier in the day, promoting “No Nazis on the streets”.

## Awards and decorations

* Order of Bravery, 4th degree, first and second class
* Order of St Alexander, 3rd class without swords and 4th class with swords
* Order of Military Merit, 1st class
* Iron Cross of 1939, 2nd class (Germany)
# Genghis Khan (2018 film)

Genghis Khan (Chinese: 战神纪) is a Chinese historical / fantasy epic film produced by Jean-Jacques Annaud and directed by Hasi Chaolu. It stars William Chan as the titular Genghis Khan. The film, originally slated to be released in China on December 22, 2017, was subsequently postponed to April 28, 2018 to allow the team more time for post-production work. The film was also the closing film at the 8th Beijing International Film Festival.

## Synopsis

Temüjin and Börte are childhood lovers who are deeply in love; but news of Temüjin's father's death swiftly disrupted their relationship. Temüjin heads back to his hometown, but was faced with a sudden attack from his father's former comrades, causing his whole tribe to be destroyed.

## Cast

* William Chan as Temüjin
* Lin Yun as Börte
* Hu Jun as Kuchlug
* Ba Sen
* Zhao Lixin
* Ni Dahong
* Li Guangjie as Jamukha
* Zhang Xinyi
* Tu Men as Jamukha's father
* Li Shengda
* Bayin
* Yong Mei as Hoelun

## Original soundtrack

| Song Category | Song Name | Singer | Lyricists | Composer | Notes |
| Promotion song | God of War | Wowkie Zhang | Lin Qiao | Bernd Meinunger | |
# Takashi Murakami (golfer)

Takashi Murakami (Japanese: 村上隆, born 25 May 1944) is a Japanese professional golfer.

## Early life

Murakami was born in Shizuoka. He started playing golf at the age of 11.

## Professional career

He won 11 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour and led the money list in 1975.
Murakami also had a decent amount of success outside of Japan. He recorded a number of runner-up finishes in the Australasian region. They were the 1968 West Australian Championship, 1969 Australian PGA Championship, and 1972 New Zealand PGA Championship. He also had much success on the Asia Golf Circuit events in 1972. He won the Malaysian Open and finished runner-up at the Singapore Open and Hong Kong Open. In the United States he finished in a tie for second at the PGA Tour's 1977 Hawaiian Open. He also played in the Masters Tournament in 1976 and 1977.

## Professional wins (18)
### PGA of Japan Tour wins (11)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 29 Jul 1973 | All Japan Doubles (with Hideyo Sugimoto) | −26 (100-101-61=262) | | |
| 2 | 29 Apr 1974 | Chunichi Crowns | −8 (63-71-68-70=272) | 6 strokes | Masashi Ozaki |
| 3 | 6 Oct 1974 | Golf Digest Tournament | −17 (66-67-70-68=271) | 1 stroke | Kuo Chie-Hsiung |
| 4 | 18 May 1975 | Japan PGA Match-Play Championship | 2 up | 2 up | Namio Takasu |
| 5 | 28 Sep 1975 | Japan Open Golf Championship | −10 (74-69-69-66=278) | 3 strokes | Seiichi Kanai |
| 6 | 19 Oct 1975 | Japan PGA Championship | −6 (69-68-70-75=282) | Playoff | Yoshitaka Yamamoto |
| 7 | 16 Nov 1975 | Japan PGA Championship | −7 (70-72-71-70=283) | 1 stroke | Seiichi Kanai, Kosaku Shimada |
| 8 | 4 Jul 1976 | ANA Sapporo Open | −3 (74-68-76-67=285) | 3 strokes | Masashi Ozaki |
| 9 | 8 Aug 1976 | Kanto Pro Championship | −14 (67-66-70-67=270) | | |
| 10 | 31 Oct 1976 | Bridgestone Tournament | −6 (71-75-69-67=282) | Playoff | Hsieh Min-Nan, Masaji Kusakabe |
| 11 | 23 Oct 1977 | Golf Digest Tournament (2) | −13 (70-66-67-72=275) | 4 strokes | Masashi Ozaki |
PGA of Japan Tour playoff record (2–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent(s) | Result |
| 1 | 1974 | Tokyo Charity Classic | Haruo Yasuda | Lost to birdie on first extra hole |
| 2 | 1975 | Japan PGA Championship | Yoshitaka Yamamoto | Won three-hole aggregate playoff; Murakami: −1 (4-4-3=11), Yamamoto: E (4-4-4=12) |
| 3 | 1976 | Bridgestone Tournament | Hsieh Min-Nan, Masaji Kusakabe | Won with par on third extra hole Hsieh eliminated by par on second hole |

### Asia Golf Circuit wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runners-up |
| 1 | 12 Mar 1972 | Malaysian Open | −12 (69-66-71-70=276) | 1 stroke | Marty Bohen, Walter Godfrey, Sukree Onsham |

### Japanese circuit wins (6)

* 1967 Grand Monarch
* 1968 Rolex Tournament
* 1969 All Nippon Doubles (with Hideyo Sugimoto)
* 1970 All Nippon Doubles (with Hideyo Sugimoto)
* 1972 All Nippon Doubles (with Masashi Ozaki), Tohoku Classic

## Team appearances

* World Cup (representing Japan): 1972, 1975, 1976
# ČSD Class E 669.2

The ČSD E 669.2 is a class of electric locomotives designed, built and used in the former Czechoslovakia for heavy freight trains. The class is a development of the E 669.1 class.
Surviving members of the class are now used in the Czech Republic (ČD Class 182) by ČD Cargo and ODOS, in Slovakia by private operator Lokorail and in Poland by various private operators including CTL Logistics and PTK Holding).

## History

As the class is a slight modification of Class E669.1, no prototype was built. The locomotives were built in the years 1963–65 in three types: 59E1, 59E2 and 59E3. 168 locomotives were built in those series.
Currently the whole class is being systematically withdrawn in the Czech Republic, where the last survivors are based in Ostrava. In Slovakia the whole series was withdrawn on 31 March 2006. Since 2005, withdrawn locomotives have usually been rented or sold to various Polish private operators.

## Nicknames

* Šestikolak (English The Sixwheeler) in the Czech Republic - from the number of wheels
* Rakaňa in Slovakia
# Senussi Cave Railway

The Senussi Cave Railway was a 400 yards (370 m) long, 2 feet (610 mm) narrow gauge railway that was built in 1941 during the Siege of Tobruk at the Senussi Cave near Tobruk, Libya.

## History

The Senussi Cave Railway leads from a military road that was blasted into the mountains on 28 August 1941 above a wadi east of Tobruk harbour to the Senussi Cave.
The Senussi Cave had been reinforced during World War II by Italian troops with a concrete arch. It was captured by British and Australian troops in the summer of 1941 and prepared to be used as a field hospital named "Senussi Hospital" in the cave. However, eventually it was used as a bomb-proof store. Up to 300 t of ammunition and goods could be securely stored there.

## Photos

* "Senussi Hospital" cave
* Blasting of the military road
* Loading the trains east of the harbour

## Rolling stock

* 2 diesel locos
* 6 wagons
# Žaliakalnis Funicular

Žaliakalnis Funicular (English: Green Hill Funicular) is a funicular railway in Kaunas, Lithuania. Built in 1931, it is the oldest funicular in Lithuania and is among the oldest vehicles of such type in the world still operational. The funicular is made of a wood-paneled coachwork and climbs 142 metres (466 ft) up from behind the Vytautas the Great War Museum to the Basilica of the Resurrection.
Upon the city council decision to improve the communication between the Žaliakalnis neighborhood with city center, the funicular was constructed by engineering firm Curt Rudolph Transportanlagen from Dresden, Germany with electrical equipment from AEG and mechanical parts from Bell Maschinenfabrik, Switzerland. The official opening was on 5 August 1931 with one passenger car, while the second car was only a platform ballasted with stones used to counterbalance the passenger car. The electric overhead power cable and the pantographs of the coaches are only used for lighting and heating of the cars. The upper station housed the electrically driven funicular mechanism in the basement, whilst the lower end of the line did not even have a shelter until 1932.
The funicular succeeded and became very popular transportation for the city inhabitants and guests. It is known that about 5 million passengers were moved using it between 1950 and 1970.
The funicular was renovated between 1935 and 1937. New, larger cars with car bodies from Napoleonas Dobkevičius on underframes from Bell Maschinenfabrik were built, and the lower station was given a proper building.
The Žaliakalnis Funicular Railway was included in the Registry of Immovable Cultural Heritage Sites of the Republic of Lithuania in 1993.
In 2015, the funicular was one of 44 objects in Kaunas to receive the European Heritage Label.