OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marguerite Joly

Marguerite Joly (c. 1637 – 19 December 1681) was a professional French poisoner. She was one of the accused in the famous Poison Affair.
In March 1680, Joly was arrested in connection to the Poison Affair, when she was pointed out by Etienne Guibourg. She was described as a skillful professional poisoner and poison manufacturer who equalled La Voisin in rank, and said to be extremely dangerous. During torture, Joly admitted being a professional abortionist. She also claimed to have knowledge of human sacrifices of infants during black masses.
Marguerite Joly became the star witness in the case against Francoise de Dreux. Dreux had been acquitted in April 1680, but was arrested a second time because of the testimony of Joly. She pointed out Dreux as her regular client in her capacity of poisoner. She claimed that Dreux had poisoned two former lovers, Pajot and de Varennes; that she had tried to poison the Duchess de Richelieu, the wife of her lover Duke de Richelieu; that she had plans to murder her brother and sister-in-law Monsieur and Madame Saintot, as well as all rivals who was ever visible around her lover Duke de Richelieu. The first mentioned deaths could not be proven as murders, however, and the eventual attempted murders of the others had not succeeded, if they had taken place. Dreux left the country after the arrest of Joly, but a warrant for her arrest was issued. Dreux was judged guilty in her absence because of the statement of Joly.
Marguerite Joly was sentenced to be burned at the stake. Before her execution, she was subjected to water torture. During the torture, she confessed to several murders and pointed out Anne Meline as her accomplice. She claimed that she had been present at the sacrifice of the nephew of La Poignard to Satan; at the sacrifice of an infant at a black mass for a Mademoiselle de Saint-Laurens to induce a desired marriage; that she had committed murder supplied with poisons by a female cosmetic in collaboration with Meline, who had also murdered Joly's former spouse.
As soon as the torture stopped, however, she retracted her statements, with the exception of that regarding Saint-Laurens. She was executed the same night.
# Catherine Lepère

Catherine Lepère (1601–1679) was a French midwife. She was an associate of La Voisin and one of the accused in the famous Poison Affair.
Lepère was a licensed midwife who had delivered La Voisin's own children. She performed abortions for clients remitted to her by La Voisin.
Lepère was arrested in 1679, as were many other associates of La Voisin, after having been pointed out by Marie Bosse. She admitted having performed abortions, which were illegal at the time, but pointed out that she had prevented many scandals involving upper class ladies by doing so, and that she considered that she had performed a community service. She received her clients from La Voisin, who took almost all the profit. Marie Bosse claimed that fetuses who had been aborted late in the pregnancy were burned in an oven at La Voisin or buried in the garden of La Voisin, but this was never investigated and therefore unconfirmed, as Louis XIV had given the order that the part of La Voisin's enterprise which had to do with abortions should not be pursued further.
Lepère was sentenced to death for abortion on 11 August 1679. She was also sentenced to be tortured, but because of her advanced age, she was merely fastened in the torture device without it being put to actual use, as there was a fear that she would die of the torture rather than the execution if the torture was actually applied. She was executed by hanging.

## In fiction

Catherine Lepère is portrayed in a novel by Judith Merkle Riley: The Oracle Glass (1994).
# Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway

The Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway (L. R., M. R. & T.), commonly known as the Arkansas Valley Route, was an American railway company that operated in southeastern Arkansas from 1875 to 1887. The railway's mainline was 113 miles (182 km) long and ran between Little Rock (near the center of the state) and Arkansas City (near the Mississippi River), passing through Pine Bluff. It had about 172 miles (277 km) of track, including sidings, rail yards and branch lines, including the Ouachita Division to Collins (with stage for points in southeastern Arkansas and northern Louisiana) and Monticello.

## History

The mainline to Pine Bluff was completed by the Little Rock, Pine Bluff and New Orleans Railroad in 1873, and then to Little Rock by the Little Rock, Mississippi River and Texas Railway on February 25, 1881. Sold under foreclosure to the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway on January 28, 1887, it was subsequently merged into the Missouri Pacific Railroad. Today, most of the line is owned and operated by Union Pacific.
# Newark and Marion Railway

The Newark and Marion Railway operated between Newark, New York, and Marion, New York. Chartered in 1900, it opened for business in 1906. The railroad was constructed by the Beebe Syndicate, a conglomeration of streetcar and interurban lines across New York State, though the Newark and Marion was never electrified. The company entered receivership in 1915, and control by the Beebe Syndicate ended. The railroad was reorganized as the Marion Railway Corporation in 1917. The Pennsylvania Railroad acquired the line in 1930. It continued to operate as a spur of the Elmira Branch through the Penn Central and Conrail eras. Operation passed to short line Ontario Midland Railroad in 1979. Dwindling freight traffic and deteriorating track conditions led to the line's closure in July 1984.

## Unbuilt Extensions

The Newark, Williamson and Northern Railroad was formed by the Beebe Syndicate in 1914 to construct a new railroad from Newark to Williamson through Marion. The Newark and Marion was to be acquired and integrated into this new project. Contractors from the Syracuse Railroad Construction Company surveyed portions of the line in 1915. When the Newark and Marion went into receivership in 1915 and was no longer controlled by the Beebe Syndicate, plans for extensions were called off.
# Saco Valley Railroad

The Saco Valley Railroad was a short-lived logging railroad that followed the Dry River in New Hampshire. The short line extended northward from a junction with the Mountain Division. The slope is a steep one and the railroad had to stay very near, or even between the banks of the Dry River on wooden trestlework. Washouts were a regular occurrence. The Saco Valley Railroad only ran for six years before the area was logged out. Without maintenance, all trace of the line was washed away by 1907.
The railway had only one locomotive, a Shay locomotive, well suited to steep grades and low-quality tracks. Locomotive #1 was built by Lima Locomotive Works in March 1892 as their builders number 390. The locomotive was shipped to Wisconsin after the Saco Valley Railroad was dismantled, and worked on several logging railroads in Bayfield, Park Falls, Washburn, and Cusson, Minnesota.
# Saginaw and Mount Pleasant Railroad

The Saginaw and Mount Pleasant Railroad was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad (F&PM). It was established to construct a 14.7-mile (23.7 km) railway line from a junction with the F&PM main line at Coleman, Michigan, to Mount Pleasant, Michigan. The line opened on December 15, 1879, as a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge line. In mid-1884 the line was converted to 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge. On January 31, 1889 the company was formally merged into the F&PM along with the East Saginaw and St. Clair Railroad, the Saginaw and Clare County Railroad, and the Manistee Railroad.
In 1979 the C&O abandoned the line.
# Burak language

Burak (Ɓúúrák) is an Adamawa language spoken by the Burak people in Nigeria. The main settlement of the Burak, in the northern foothills of the Chonge-Mona Range, is called "Burak" by others but "Tiire" by its inhabitants. Estimates based on the census of 1991 give about 4,634 people living in the Burak Village Area. Other settlements where significant numbers of Burak people live include Looyii, Layara, Daajelum, Taljwi, Pirim, Nyuaabwetek, Nyuaafiikum, and Dikadit. The last of these was once the main settlement of the Burak.
Religiously, the Burak traditionally practice ancestor veneration, in a similar manner to the Pero.
# Salko Bukvarević

Salko Bukvarević (20 April 1967 – 29 July 2020) was a Bosnian politician and soldier who served as the Federal Minister for Veterans and Disabled Veterans.
In 1990, Bukvarević was one of the founders of the Party of Democratic Action. During the Bosnian War he served in the Bosnian army and was one of the founders of the Patriotic League paramilitary unit. Following the war he served in multiple positions before being appointed as the Minister for Veterans and Disabled Veterans, which he served as from 31 March 2015 until his death due to COVID-19 complications on 29 July 2020.

## Early life and education

Bukvarević was born on 20 April 1967, in Hrasno Gornje, Kalesija, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia. In 1986, he graduated from high school in Tuzla. In 1996, he graduated from the Mining-Geological-Civil Engineering Faculty with an undergraduate degree, with a Master's degree in 2004, and a Doctorate in 2011. He later married and had two children.

## Career
### Army

From 1992 to 1995, Bukvarević served in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was one of the founders of the Patriotic League paramilitary unit and received the unit's gold medal.

### Politics

Bukvarević was one of the founders of the Party of Democratic Action in 1990. From 1996 to 1999, he served as a member of the Party of Democratic Action's presidency.
From 1995 to 1998, he served as the Secretary of the Tuzla Canton Committee inside the Party of Democratic Action. From 1998 to 2007, he served as the Director of the Public Facility Bosnian Cultural Center in the Tuzla Canton. From 2007 to 2010, he served as a representative in the Tuzla Canton Assembly.

#### Ministry

On 31 March 2015, Bukvarević was appointed to serve as the Federal Minister for Veterans and Disabled Veterans.
In 2016, representatives of the Association of Demobilized Soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatian Defence Council protested, calling for Bukvarević's resignation and created a resolution calling for the resolving of the existential issues of the families of martyrs, war invalids, demobilized veterans and winners of the highest recognition and decorations. Bukvarević refused to resign stating that the organization was representative of less than ten percent of veterans.

## Death

On 22 July 2020, Bukvarević contracted COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was placed on a ventilator on 28 July, and died on 29 July at the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo. On 1 August, he was buried in Džindić mosque in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
# Uruguay Northern Railway

The Uruguay Northern Railway was one of the five original rail systems in Uruguay. The other four were the Midland Uruguay Railway Co., the North Western of Uruguay, the Central Uruguay Railway, and the Uruguay East Coast Railway. The Uruguay Northern Railway Co., Ltd. was registered in London in 1887; The company's first meeting was held in November 1889 at No. 16, St. Helen's Place, Bishopsgate Street, London.
It was the smallest line of the initial four British rail systems. When opened on April 17, 1891, it stretched for 114 kilometres (71 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). The line extended from Isla de Cabellos to San Eugenio on the border with Brazil. In 1936, there were only five steam locomotives, three coaches and 157 goods wagons. It closed in 1987.
# Ajax (Francis Freeman)

Francis Freeman (also known as Ajax) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Joe Kelly and artist Walter A. McDaniel, the character first appeared in Deadpool #14 (March 1998).

## Fictional character biography

Francis Freeman, also known as "The Attending", is an enforcer at Emrys Killebrew's laboratory, known as the Workshop. He works with Killebrew to experiment on Wade Wilson, among others. After becoming Deadpool, Wade apparently kills Freeman.
Years later, Freeman resurfaces under the name Ajax and kills many members of Weapon X to exact revenge on Deadpool. Deadpool later kills Ajax by snapping his neck.
Blackheart later releases Ajax from Hell in an attempt to prevent Deadpool and Thanos from meddling in his plot to overthrow Mephisto. Ajax, now calling himself Abyss Man, locates and attempts to kill the two before they defeat him.

## Powers and abilities

Francis has enhanced strength and intuitive capacity, as a result of genetic modifications by Killebrew. After receiving implants, he gained superhuman speed and agility. His nerves were also removed to increase his tolerance for pain.

## In other media

Francis Freeman / Ajax appears in Deadpool (2016), portrayed by Ed Skrein. According to co-writer Rhett Reese, the character was selected to serve as the film's antagonist due to his "sadistic quality and his imperviousness to pain and what that implied about him" which "lands very hard on Wade Wilson and creates the fun antagonism". This version tortured Wade Wilson to activate his mutant genes and sell him as a slave. However, Wade escapes and seeks revenge after being disfigured. After Wade corners and injures him, Francis escapes when Colossus and Negasonic Teenage Warhead distract his attacker. He and his partner Angel Dust later retaliate by kidnapping Wade's girlfriend Vanessa Carlysle. Wade, Colossus, and Negasonic Teenage Warhead confront Francis, Angel Dust, and their team in a scrapyard, where Wade kills Francis.
# Tren de los Pueblos Libres

The Tren de los Pueblos Libres ("Train of the Free Peoples") was an 813-km length rural railway line that connected Argentina and Uruguay, being operated by both the Argentine private company Trenes de Buenos Aires (TBA) on General Urquiza Railway standard gauge rail tracks, and Uruguayan the State-owned State Railways Administration of Uruguay "Administración de Ferrocarriles del Estado" (AFE).

## History

The train had run from 1982 to 1985 between cities of Concordia (Argentina) and Salto (Uruguay). After 26 years of being active only for freight trains, the service was officially re-opened on August 11, 2011, in a ceremony held by Presidents of both countries. On 23 September the train made its first journey carrying people from Pilar to Paso de los Toros.
Some intermediate stops were Argentine stations Zárate, Enrique Carbó, Urdinarrain, Basavilbaso, Villaguay, San Salvador and Concordia and Uruguayan Salto, Quebracho and Paysandú. From Pilar to Buenos Aires passengers were carried by bus.
The project included the intention for trains to reach Montevideo in December 2011, although it would never be carried out.
On its first official journey, the train only reached Salto due to the Uruguayan Ministry of Transport still not having given authorisation for the service to operate in the country. Therefore, all passengers had to get out in Salto and the train continued without people to Paso de los Toros. The service was finally restarted on 30 September. Nevertheless, the service ran to Paso de los Toros only five times, with the terminus set up in Paysandú from November 2011.
From March 2012, the service was shortened again, setting Salto as terminus of the line. Afterwards, in May 2012 the Government of Argentina revoked the contract of concession to TBA after the Once rail disaster in which 51 people died and at least 703 people were injured on a service operated by the same company. Finally, on 28 May the service was interrupted and subsequently never restarted. The railcars that served the line are currently abandoned in Pilar.

## Gallery

* Concordia
* Basavilbaso
* Urdinarrain
* Salto
# Theo van de Klundert

Theodorus Cornelis Michael Josephus (Theo) van de Klundert (27 February 1936 – 6 December 2024) was a Dutch economist, and Professor of Economics at Tilburg University.

## Life and career

Born in Herwen en Aerdt, van de Klundert received his PhD (cum laude) in 1962 at Tilburg University under supervision of Dirk Bernard Joseph Schouten with a thesis entitled "Groei en inkomensverdeling" (Growth and Income Distribution).
After his graduation, van de Klundert started working at the Staatsmijnen in Limburg (State Mining Corporation) for a short time. He realized he had other ambitions and moved to Stanford University. In 1964 van de Klundert was appointed Professor of Economics and History of Economics at Tilburg University. In 2001, van de Klundert retired from Tilburg University. Van de Klundert died on 6 December 2024, at the age of 88.
From 1967, van de Klundert was associated with the scientific journal De Economist, initially as editor, later on as chairman of the board of editors. From 1976 he was also active as researcher and consultant for the CPB Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
Van de Klundert became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994.
Van de Klundert died on 6 December 2024, at the age of 88.

## Work

Van de Klundert's research interests were both in the field of macroeconomics and microeconomics. According to Van Gemert et al. (1989) his scientific work was dominated by the four themes "(1) growth and income distribution, (2) capital theory, resource economics and trade, (3) controversies between Keynesians and neoclassicists, and (4) open economy macroeconomics."

## Publications

Van de Klundert authored and co-authored several publications. A selection from his many books includes:
* 1962. Groei en inkomensverdeling. Leiden: Stenfert Kroese
* 1968. Grondslagen van de economische analyse. Amsterdam: De Bussy
* 1979. Over macht en wet in het economisch gebeuren: opstellen aangeboden aan Prof. Dr. D.B.J. Schouten bij zijn 25-jarig jubileum als hoogleraar in de Algemene Leer en Geschiedenis van de Economie aan de Katholieke Hogeschool. With Wim van den Goorbergh and Ad Kolnaar eds. Leiden: Stenfert Kroese
* 1974. Inleiding tot de micro-economische theorie: allocatie en prijsvorming. With R.J. de Groof. Amsterdam: De Bussy.
* 1997. Groei en instituties. Tilburg: Tilburg University Press
* 2001. Growth theory in historical perspective: selected essays of Theo van de Klundert. With Sjak Smulders ed. Cheltenham: Elgar
* 2005. Vormen van Kapitalisme: Markten, Instituties, Macht. Utrecht: Lemma
* 2013. Capitalism and Democracy: A Fragile Alliance. Edward Elgar.
# Central Auditing Commission of the 6th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia

This electoral term of the Central Auditing Commission was elected by the 6th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1952, and was in session until the convocation of the 7th Congress in 1958.

## Composition

Members of the Central Auditing Commission of the 6th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia :
| Name | 5th | 7th | Birth | PM | Death | Branch | Nationality | Gender |
| Mitar Bakić | New | Not | 1908 | 1932 | 1960 | Montenegro | Montenegrin | Male |
| Milutin Baltic | Old | Elected | 1920 | 1940 | 2013 | Croatia | Serb | Male |
| Tomo Brejc | New | Not | 1904 | 1928 | 1964 | Slovenia | Slovene | Male |
| Savo Brković | Old | Elected | 1906 | 1924 | 1991 | Montenegro | Montenegrin | Male |
| Vančo Burzevski | Old | Elected | 1916 | 1941 | 2007 | Macedonia | Macedonian | Male |
| Milinko Đurović | New | Elected | 1910 | 1936 | 1988 | Montenegro | Montenegrin | Male |
| Dimitrije Georgijević | Old | Elected | 1884 | 1919 | 1959 | Serbia | Serb | Male |
| Fadilj Hodža | New | Not | 1916 | 1941 | 2001 | Serbia | Albanian | Male |
| Grga Jankez | New | Elected | 1906 | 1926 | 1974 | Croatia | Croat | Male |
| Pavle Jovićević | New | Elected | 1910 | 1931 | 1985 | Montenegro | Montenegrin | Male |
| Hajrudin Kapetanović | New | Elected | 1917 | 1940 | 1988 | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Muslim | Male |
| Jovo Kapičić | Old | Elected | 1919 | 1936 | 2013 | Serbia | Serb | Male |
| Dušanka Kovačević | New | Elected | 1917 | 1940 | 1985 | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Serb | Male |
| Leo Mates | New | Elected | 1911 | 1933 | 1991 | Croatia | Jew | Male |
| Ljubinka Milosavljević | New | Not | 1917 | 1936 | ? | Serbia | Serb | Female |
| Milosav Milosavljevic | Old | Elected | 1911 | 1934 | 1986 | Serbia | Serb | Male |
| Mara Naceva | New | Elected | 1920 | 1939 | 2013 | Macedonia | Macedonian | Female |
| Grujo Novaković | New | Not | 1913 | 1936 | 1975 | Bosnia-Herzegovina | Serb | Male |
| Radovan Papić | Old | Not | 1910 | 1940 | 1983 | Serbia | Serb | Male |
| Ante Roje | New | Elected | 1914 | 1939 | 1982 | Croatia | Croat | Male |
| Janko Rudolf | New | Elected | 1914 | 1941 | 1997 | Slovenia | Slovene | Male |
| Dobrivoje Vidić | New | Not | 1918 | 1939 | 1992 | Serbia | Serb | Male |
| Dimitar Vlahov | Old | Not | 1878 | 1944 | 1953 | Macedonia | Macedonian | Male |
# Julius B. Ness

Julius Ness (February 27, 1916 – November 12, 1991) was the Resident Circuit Judge for the Second Judicial Circuit of South Carolina.

## Life

He was born in Manning, South Carolina, the eldest of five children of Morris and Rae Levy Ness, on February 27, 1916. His family moved to Denmark, South Carolina, when he was a young boy, and his mother and father lived there until their deaths. He had two brothers, Harold and Arthur, and two sisters, Sylvia and Rita. His friends and family knew him as "Bubba", a name given him by one of his younger sisters because she could not pronounce Julius.
Ness graduated from Denmark High School, then the University of South Carolina. He graduated from academic school in 1938 and law school in 1940. Upon graduation from law school, he moved to Bamberg, South Carolina, where he lived until his death in 1991. Ness initially practiced with the late State Senator J. Carl Kearse, at a salary of US$30 per month.
In 1941, Ness enlisted in the United States Armed Forces. He first attended flight school, but did not complete the training. Upon leaving flight school Ness, with lifelong-friend, W. E. "Pete" Brooker, joined the United States Army, where Ness earned the rank of captain, in the 349th Infantry of the 88th Division. He was critically and permanently injured in 1944 while serving in the snow-covered mountains of Italy. Against orders, his friend Pete went back onto the battlefield and found and rescued Ness. When the surgeon inspected his wounds, Ness was told his leg would have to be amputated. At the prospect of losing his leg, Ness drew his Colt, Model 1911 or M1911, .45 caliber, semi-automatic sidearm and threatened that if he woke up without his leg, he would kill the doctor that took it. The doctors did not attempt the amputation, and after many months of recuperation, Ness went home to Bamberg. For his service, he was awarded the Bronze Star, Silver Star, and two Purple Heart medals. Ness went back to work with Senator Kearse, and the firm later became known as Kearse and Ness.
Ness married Katherine Rhoad in January 1946. He was heavily involved in Bamberg County community activities, and in 1954, he was elected to represent the Second Judicial Circuit, on the South Carolina Highway Commission. He stayed on the commission and acted as Chairman in 1956. That same year, when Senator Kearse retired from the South Carolina Senate, Ness was elected, in an unopposed election, and he served until 1958. In 1958 Ness went on the bench as the Resident Circuit Judge for the Second Judicial Circuit.
Ness was elected as an associate justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court and sworn in on December 5, 1974. Ness was elected to be the chief justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court in June 1985, was sworn in on June 18, 1985, and retired in February 1988 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 72.