OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# GNR Class A1 1470 Great Northern

The Great Northern Railway Class A1 1470 Great Northern was the first of 52 A1 class locomotives. It has also represented three distinct stages in the history of the British 4-6-2 "Pacific" steam locomotives designed by Nigel Gresley for the Great Northern Railway (GNR), a constituent company of the London and North Eastern Railway before the amalgamation of 1923, for which they became a standard design. Eventually Great Northern was completely rebuilt as Class A1/1.

## History

Great Northern is historically significant because it was the first Pacific to be built by the Great Northern Railway (GNR) as a prototype of the new '1470 class'. It was also the only original A1 to not be rebuilt by the LNER as an A3. As with most other former GNR locomotives, the LNER increased its number by 3000, making the number 4470. The locomotive was named Great Northern in honour of the GNR. Just after WWII, Great Northern was completely rebuilt by Edward Thompson as his A1/1.

## Liveries

As built, Great Northern was painted in GNR apple green with brown framing. In October 1923, it was repainted into LNER lined apple green with black framing. This livery had two variations, one with 'LNER 1470N' on the tender, and the other variant had only "LNER" on the tender and 4470 on the cab sides. Finally, in February 1942, it was repainted plain black, lettered "LNER". In July 1942, the LNER started using the simplified lettering "NE" on black locomotives, and 4470 may have been so treated after that date.
The locomotive originally bore its number 1470 on the cab side. When first repainted into LNER livery, the number was altered to 1470N, which was placed on the tender, below the letters "LNER". In March 1925, it was renumbered 4470, and at some point after May 1928, the number was moved back to the cab sides.

## Rebuild

Great Northern was rebuilt once in its career, by the LNER to the design of Edward Thompson to become his A1/1.

## Models

Hornby released a OO gauge model of Great Northern as built in early LNER style apple green livery with black framework, and original tender with "LNER 1470N" written on both sides. L.H Loveless & Co also released an O gauge model of Great Northern in its original GNR Apple Green Livery with a brown chassis and framework.
# Płowce

Płowce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radziejów, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Radziejów and 47 km (29 mi) south of Toruń.
It is best known for the Battle of Płowce, which took place on 27 September 1331 between the kingdom of Poland (led by King Władysław I Łokietek) and the Teutonic Knights. Although there was no outright winner, it stopped the expansion of the Teutonic Order in the Kuyavia region. The battlefield is marked by a cross and monument.
# Meskhetians

Meskhians (Georgian: მესხები, Meskhebi) are an ethnographic subgroup of Georgians who speak the Meskhetian dialect of the Georgian language, which among Georgia's regional dialects is relatively close to official Georgian. Meskhetians are the indigenous population of Meskheti, a historical region in southern Georgia. Today they are mainly followers of Georgian Orthodox Church, while part of them are Catholics. Meanwhile the diaspora of the ethnic Meskehtians outside of Georgia confess to Islam.

## History

Several authors have connected Meskhetians or Meskhians to Mushki tribe or Moschoi (Μόσχοι) in Greek sources, who were an Iron Age people of Anatolia. Meskhian tribes came to the fore, gradually moving northeast and forming their settlements in the very heart of Kartli. Mtskheta, the ancient capital of Iberia (literarily means "town of Meskhs") was one such settlement, deriving its name from the ethnonym "Meskhians". According to the Cyril Toumanoff, Moschians were the early proto-Georgian tribe which played a leading role in the consolidation of Iberian tribes largely inhabiting eastern and southern Georgia.
Between 9th-11th centuries Mesketi, also known as Tao-Klarjeti, was governed by the Bagrationi dynasty and the region played a crucial role in the unification of the Georgian principalities into a single Georgian state in 1008. Meskheti gave many prominent people to the Georgia: such as Shota Rustaveli, who is considered to be the preeminent poet of the Georgian Golden Age and one of the greatest contributors to Georgian literature. Rustaveli is the author of The Knight in the Panther's Skin, which is considered to be a Georgian national epic poem.
Thereafter, the kingdom of Georgia declined and eventually disintegrated under hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, Timurids, Black and White Sheeps. After the Mongol invasion of Georgia, Meskhetian princes gained virtual independence from the Georgian crown and established Principality of Samtskhe under the Mongol patronage.
By the Peace of Amasya (1555), Principality of Samtskhe was divided into two, with the Safavids keeping the eastern part and the Ottomans gaining the western part. In 1578, the Ottomans performed a successful invasion into the Safavid possessions in Georgia, initiating the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1578-1590, and by 1582 they were in possession of the eastern (Safavid) part of Meskheti as well.
The Georgian population of Meskheti was displaced to inner regions of Georgia such as Imereti and Kartli. Those who remained gradually became Muslim, the process is also known as Turkification of Meskhetians (then Meskhetian Turks).

## Notable Meskhetians

* Shota Rustaveli (c.1160—after c. 1220), medieval Georgian poet and author of The Knight in the Panther's Skin.
* Anthim the Iberian (1650—1716), Georgian theologian, scholar, calligrapher and philosopher.
* Michel Tamarati, Georgian Roman Catholic priest and historian.
* Vano Merabishvili, Georgian politician and former Prime Minister of Georgia from 4 July to 25 October 2012.
# Central Bosnia

Central Bosnia (Bosnian: Srednja Bosna, Croatian: Središnja Bosna) is a central subregion of Bosnia, which consists of a core mountainous area with several basins, valleys and mountains. It is bordered by Bosnian Krajina to the northwest, Tropolje (Livno area) to the west, Herzegovina to the south, Sarajevo to the east and Tuzla to the northeast. It is a part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is divided between the Central Bosnia Canton and the Zenica-Doboj Canton, with a population of around 800,000. The largest city in the region is Zenica, with the Sarajevo-Zenica basin being the most densely populated area. Its highest peaks are Vranica (2,110 m), Šćit (1,780 m) and Bitovnja (1,700 m).

## History

The area was inhabited by Neolithic farmers during the First Agricultural Revolution. The first inhabitants of the region were the Kakanj, later replaced by the Neolithic Butmir culture. The largest Butmir site is in Okolište, near Visoko At its height, with a population numbering between 1000 and 3000 inhabitants, Okolište is one of the largest Neolithic settlements in southeast Europe. Some of the first Indo-Europeans are thought to be members of eneolithic Vučedol culture which flourished between 3000 and 2200 BC.
The Iron Age saw the emergence of the Central Bosnian cultural group, with its significant site of Fortress Pod in Bugojno. This group is commonly associated with the later Illyrian tribe of Daesitiates, which dominated Central Bosnia until the arrival of Roman Empire, when the Illyrians were conquered by Roman Emperor Augustus. The Daesitiates were the first to revolt under the leadership of Bato the Daesitiate in the Great Illyrian revolt, which began in the spring of 6 AD. The role of the Daesitiates in the rebellion would be their demise, and after subsequent Romanization, they disappeared as a distinct group.
# Aelurodon

Aelurodon is an extinct canid genus of the subfamily Borophaginae which lived from the Barstovian land mammal age (16 mya) of the middle Miocene to the late Miocene epoch (5.332 mya). Aelurodon existed for approximately 10.7 million years.

## Description

Aelurodon are a part of a clade of canids loosely known as "bone-crushing" or "hyena-like" dogs, that apparently descended from the earlier genera Protomarctus and Tomarctus. Several species are known from fossils found in the central and western U.S., suggesting a wide geographic range during their peak in the Miocene epoch. Large species of Aelurodon (A. ferox and A. taxoides) may have hunted in packs like modern wolves.
The evolution of Aelurodon is characterized by the progressive development of teeth adapted to a more hypercarnivorous diet, a trend consistent with other borophagines. The earliest occurrence of the genus is A. asthenostylus dating from 16–14 Ma. This species then gives rise to two different anagenetic clades around 15 Ma. One comprises the species A. montaneis, A. mcgrewi and A. stirtoni, going extinct around 12 Ma. The other clade persists until 5.3 Ma and includes A. ferox and A. taxoides. A. taxoides is the most derived and largest species in Aelurodon.
# Taha Habroune

Taha Habroune (Arabic: طه حبرون; born February 5, 2006) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Major League Soccer club Columbus Crew.

## Club career

Habroune is a youth product of Blast FC, before joining the youth academy of Columbus Crew in 2019. On May 21, 2023, he signed his first professional contract with Columbus Crew 2. On May 23, 2023, he made his senior debut with Columbus Crew as a late substitute in a 1–0 U.S. Open Cup loss to Pittsburgh Riverhounds. On January 17, 2024, he signed his first professional contract with the senior Columbus Crew side as a homegrown player until 2027 with an additional year option. On April 13, 2024, he debuted in the Major League Soccer with Columbus Crew as a starter in a 0–0 tie with Real Salt Lake.

## International career

Born in the United States, Habroune is of Moroccan descent and holds dual-citizenship. He was part of the United States U17s that came in second for the 2023 CONCACAF U-17 Championship. He also made the U17 squad for the 2023 FIFA U-17 World Cup. In 2024, he was called up to the United States U19s for a training camp in March, as well as a training camp in June.

## Honors

Columbus Crew
* Leagues Cup: 2024
# GNR Class J9

The GNR Class J9 was a class of two-cylinder steam locomotives of the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement, built in 1896 for the Great Northern Railway.

## History

The Class J9s were based on the GNR Class J10, but featured wider cabs and used a different diameter boiler. Ten units were built in 1896, whilst later on, the Class J10s were refitted with the J9's boiler. In GNR service, the J10s were primarily used on heavily graded lines near Leeds and Bradford, and were nicknamed the "West Riding Goods Engines". When the Great Northern Railway was merged into the new London and North Eastern Railway, seven of the original J9s were still in service, whilst three converted J10s were also transferred; both classes were renamed as the LNER Class J7. Between 1924 and 1926, five members of the class were fitted with the 4 ft 8 in (1.4 m) diameter boilers that were also being fitted to the LNER Class J3s. The LNER relegated the class to local traffic, and began withdrawing them in 1927. In 1936, the last remaining member of the class, No. 4027, was withdrawn from Ardsley, with no units being preserved.
# Mycle Schneider

Mycle Schneider (pronounced Michael, /ˈmaɪkəl/) (born 1959 in Cologne) is a German nuclear energy consultant and anti-nuclear activist based in Paris. He is the lead author of The World Nuclear Industry Status Reports. He has advised members of the European Parliament on energy issues for more than twenty years. In 1997 he received the Right Livelihood Award.

## Biography

Mycle Schneider is a self-taught energy consultant, nuclear analyst, and anti-nuclear activist who has been adviser to Green members of the European Parliament on energy issues for more than twenty years. From 1998 to 2003, Schneider was an adviser on energy policy to the French environment minister's office and the Belgian minister for energy and sustainable development. Since 2000, he has been a consultant on nuclear issues to the German environment ministry.
Schneider is a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials, and the nuclear non-proliferation group Independent Group of Scientific Experts (IGSE), which is based at Hamburg University. From 2004 to 2009, he has overseen the Environment and Energy Strategies lecture series for the Environmental and Energy Engineering Program at the French Ecole des Mines in Nantes.
Mycle Schneider founded the "citizen's science" group WISE-Paris in 1983 and directed it until 2003.

## Awards

In 1997, along with Jinzaburo Takagi, Schneider received the Right Livelihood Award "... for serving to alert the world to the unparalleled dangers of plutonium to human life."

## Publications

Schneider writes numerous publications on safety, proliferation and economic trends of the nuclear industry. He is co-editor of the 2009 book International Perspectives on Energy Policy and the Role of Nuclear Power. His World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009 was published by the German government. Schneider and Antony Froggatt wrote the Systems for Change report for the Heinrich Böll Foundation in 2010. Also in 2010, Schneider wrote a chapter in the book Nuclear Power’s Global Expansion: Weighing Its Costs and Risks. He has commented extensively on the implications of the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents.
# Płużnica

Płużnica is a village in Wąbrzeźno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Płużnica. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) west of Wąbrzeźno and 32 km (20 mi) north of Toruń.
# 14th Secondary School of Vladivostok

The 14th Secondary School of Vladivostok is a comprehensive school in Vladivostok, Russia. The school is named after Evgeny Orlov, a Hero of the Russian Federation, a criminal fighter of the Wagner Group, who defended the interests of the Fatherland in the Syrian civil war, war in Donbas, and in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and who was killed in action in summer 2022 in Ukraine during the ongoing Russian “special operation” in Ukraine.
# Daryl Gross

Daryl James Gross (born June 20, 1961) is currently the executive director of intercollegiate athletics at California State University, Los Angeles. Prior to serving in this position, Gross served as the athletic director at Syracuse University for 11 years.

## Education

Gross received his bachelor's degree and played college football at University of California, Davis. He received his master's and PhD degrees from USC.

## Career

Gross began his career at the University of Southern California in intercollegiate athletics after being a graduate coaching assistant (while earning his doctorate).
While serving as senior associate athletic director, Gross was credited for bringing in head coach Pete Carroll for the Trojans football team. Gross was a New York Jets scout when Pete Carroll was the Jets head coach, a relationship that led to him pushing for Carroll to be hired by USC. In 2008, ESPN.com named Carroll's hiring #1 in a list of the Pac-10's Top 10 Moments Of BCS Era.
In 2005, Gross became AD at Syracuse. In June 2015, the university announced that Mark Coyle, of Boise State, was hired to succeed Gross as athletic director. Gross stayed on at Syracuse as the vice president and special assistant to the chancellor at Syracuse University and adjunct professor in sports administration for two more years.
# GWR 101 Class

The GWR 101 Class consisted of a single experimental 0-4-0T side-tank steam locomotive. It was built at GWR Swindon Works under the direction of George Jackson Churchward in June 1902.
Originally built as an oil-burning locomotive 'on Holden's system', it had an unusual boiler containing a firebox constructed as an arched chamber made from fire-bricks, opening to the firetubes in front, and with two oil-burning nozzles at the back. Over this was mounted a short saddle tank for the oil fuel. There was no outer firebox, but the 8 ft × 5 ft (2.438 m × 1.524 m) boiler, pressed to 180 psi (1.2 MPa), contained 289 firetubes in the lower part and a large steam space above.
As soon as July 1902, it was redesigned with a smaller firebox and a single burner. It was given a Lentz boiler with a cylindrical corrugated firebox inside the barrel in 1903. The saddle tank for fuel was removed and oil stored at the rear end of the side tanks. In 1905, the locomotive was rebuilt as a coal burner, with the cab backplate replaced by a bunker.
It was intended for light passenger service on the Wrington Vale Light Railway near Bristol. However, due to technical issues associated with the design, the locomotive never saw the intended service. It remained at Swindon Works, used as a works shunter. No further engines were built to this design, and the locomotive was withdrawn and scrapped in 1911.
Despite it being a unique, obscure and short-lived experimental loco, Hornby have been producing a 00 scale model of No. 101 since 1978, in many prototypical and non-prototypical guises. It is currently sold as part of the Railroad range. Hornby have sometimes inaccurately ascribed the whole design to Holden, instead of just the oil-burning mechanism.
# Ribbon-tailed astrapia

The ribbon-tailed astrapia, also known as Shaw Mayer's astrapia (Astrapia mayeri), is a species of bird-of-paradise.
The ribbon-tailed astrapia is distributed and endemic to subalpine forests in western part of the central highlands of Papua New Guinea. Like many other ornamental birds-of-paradise, the male is polygamous. The ribbon-tailed astrapia is the most recently discovered bird-of-paradise.
The ribbon-tailed astrapia is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. The long tails of male birds add to the threat, being as though the tail makes it difficult for the species to escape from natural predators.
The scientific name commemorates the great naturalist and New Guinea explorer Fred Shaw Mayer, who was believed to have discovered the bird in 1938. However, it is now believed that explorer Jack Hides discovered the bird, while Mayer became interested in it later.

## Description

The ribbon-tailed astrapia is medium-sized, up to 32 cm long (without including the tail of the male, which can be over 1 metre). Male ribbon-tailed astrapia are generally around 125 cm whereas females are around 35 cm. The body of males are velvet black. The male has an iridescent olive green and bronze plumage, and is adorned with ornamental "ball" plume above its bill and two extremely long, ribbon-like white tail feathers. The female has a much duller brown and black body with an iridescent head. Unlike males, females do not have the long white tails. Hybrids between this species and the Princess Stephanie's astrapia, in the small area where their ranges overlap, have been named Barnes's astrapia.
One of the most spectacular birds-of-paradise, the male ribbon-tailed astrapia has the longest tail feathers in relation to body size of any bird, over three times the length of its body.
# Rajshahi Kings in 2016

The Rajshahi Kings are a franchise cricket team based in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, which plays in the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL). They are one of the seven teams that competed in the 2016 Bangladesh Premier League. The team was being captained by Darren Sammy.

## Player draft

The 2016 BPL draft was held on 30 September. Prior to the draft, the seven clubs signed 38 foreign players to contracts and each existing franchise was able to retain two home-grown players from the 2015 season. A total 301 players participated in the draft, including 133 local and 168 foreign players. 85 players were selected in the draft.

### Player transfers

Prior to the 2016 draft, a number of high-profile players moved teams. These included transfers between competing teams and due to the suspension of the Sylhet Super Stars and the introduction of two new teams, Khulna Titans and Rajshahi Kings.

## Points table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | NRR |
| 1 | Dhaka Dynamites (C) | 12 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 0.912 |
| 2 | Khulna Titans (3) | 12 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 14 | −0.215 |
| 3 | Chittagong Vikings (4) | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 0.233 |
| 4 | Rajshahi Kings (R) | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 0.208 |
| 5 | Rangpur Riders | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 12 | −0.106 |
| 6 | Comilla Victorians | 12 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 10 | −0.345 |
| 7 | Barisal Bulls | 12 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 8 | −0.688 |
* The top four teams qualified for playoffs
* advanced to the Qualifier
* advanced to the Eliminator

## Squad

| Name | Nationality | Batting style | Bowling style | Notes |
| Batsmen |||||
| Upul Tharanga | Sri Lanka | Left-handed | – | |
| Sabbir Rahman | Bangladesh | Right-handed | Legbreak | |
| Mominul Haque | Bangladesh | Left-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox | |
| Raqibul Hasan | Bangladesh | Right-handed | Right-arm leg break | |
| Rony Talukdar | Bangladesh | Right-handed | Right-arm slow-medium | |
| Salman Hossain | Bangladesh | Right-handed | Right-arm fast-medium | |
| All-rounders |||||
| Darren Sammy | West Indies | Right-handed | Right-arm medium-fast | Captain |
| Milinda Siriwardana | Sri Lanka | Left-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox | |
| James Franklin | New Zealand | Left-handed | Left-arm medium | |
| Farhad Reza | Bangladesh | Right-handed | Right-arm medium-fast | |
| Mehidy Hasan Miraz | Bangladesh | Right-handed | Right-arm offbreak | |
| Afif Hossain | Bangladesh | Left-handed | Right-arm offbreak | |
| Samit Patel | England | Right-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox | |
| Wicket-keepers |||||
| Nurul Hasan | Bangladesh | Right-handed | – | |
| Umar Akmal | Pakistan | Right-handed | – | |
| Bowlers |||||
| Mohammad Sami | Pakistan | Right-handed | Right-arm fast | |
| Kesrick Williams | West Indies | Left-handed | Right-arm fast medium | |
| Abul Hasan | Bangladesh | Right-handed | Right-arm medium-fast | |
| Nazmul Islam Opu | Bangladesh | Left-handed | slow left arm orthodox | |