OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shahram Sardar

Shahram Sardar (Kurdish: شەهرام سەردار: born January 1, 1990) is a Kurdish singer from Iraq. He is known for his independent style in Kurdish melodies and music.

## Early life

Shahram Sardar is from Sulaymaniyah, a city in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq.
He attended school in Sulaymaniyah, finishing elementary school in 2001.
After secondary school, he finished the College of Science and Technology, Department of Computer Science.
Since childhood, he has had a passion for learning music and singing.

## Career

He began his musical career in 2012. He plays eight instruments. He published his first song "Yala Shofer" in 2012.
He is a production manager at Vino Company producing music and albums. He has published more than 12 albums for famous artists and produced more than 55 video clips.
In 2021, he published his album named Bo Daikm which contains 10 tracks.
He published his song "Berm Krdwy" in 2023.

## Discography
### Singles

* 2012: Yala Shofer
* 2013: Mastan
* 2014: Safar
* 2015: Daxwazi
* 2017: Yadi To
* 2018: Damrm Ba be to
* 2018: Bo Toray
* 2019: Mn tom Xosh awe
* 2019: Frmesk
* 2019: Sultani Dl
* 2019: Hast
* 2020: Layli
* 2021: Dll La Sinam Darchw
* 2021: Dli Dewana
* 2022: Chand Jar Dastt Krda Mlm
* 2022: Peroza
* 2023: Berm Krdwy
# Dictynidae

Dictynidae is a family of cribellate, hackled band-producing spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1871. Most build irregular webs on or near the ground, creating a tangle of silken fibers among several branches or stems of one plant.
The genus Argyroneta has been placed in a separate family Argyronetidae, but the family is not accepted by the World Spider Catalog and the genus is included in the Dictynidae.

## Genera

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:
* Adenodictyna Ono, 2008 — Japan
* Aebutina Simon, 1892 — Ecuador, Brazil
* Ajmonia Caporiacco, 1934 — Asia, Algeria
* Altella Simon, 1884 — Europe, Asia, Algeria
* Anaxibia Thorell, 1898 — Asia, Africa
* Arangina Lehtinen, 1967 — New Zealand
* Archaeodictyna Caporiacco, 1928 — Asia, Europe, Africa
* Arctella Holm, 1945 — Asia, North America
* Argenna Thorell, 1870 — Asia, North America
* Argennina Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 — United States
* Argyroneta Latreille, 1804 — Asia, Europe
* Atelolathys Simon, 1892 — Sri Lanka
* Banaidja Lehtinen, 1967 — Samoa
* Bannaella Zhang & Li, 2011 — China
* Brigittea Lehtinen, 1967 — Asia, Italy
* Callevophthalmus Simon, 1906 — Australia
* Chaerea Simon, 1884 — Algeria, Europe
* Clitistes Simon, 1902 — Chile
* Devade Simon, 1884 — Asia, Algeria, Ukraine
* Dictyna Sundevall, 1833 — North America, Asia, South America, Cuba, Panama, Europe, Africa
* Dictynomorpha Spassky, 1939 — Asia
* Emblyna Chamberlin, 1948 — North America, Asia, Europe, Ecuador
* Funny Lin & Li, 2022 — China
* Hackmania Lehtinen, 1967 — Russia, United States
* Helenactyna Benoit, 1977 — St. Helena
* Hoplolathys Caporiacco, 1947 — Ethiopia
* Iviella Lehtinen, 1967 — Canada, United States
* Kharitonovia Esyunin, Zamani & Tuneva, 2017 — Iran, Uzbekistan
* Lathys Simon, 1884 — Asia, North America, Africa, Europe
* Mallos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902 — North America, South America, Central America
* Marilynia Lehtinen, 1967 — France
* Mashimo Lehtinen, 1967 — Zambia
* Mexitlia Lehtinen, 1967 — Mexico, United States
* Mizaga Simon, 1898 — Senegal
* Myanmardictyna Wunderlich, 2017 — Myanmar
* Nigma Lehtinen, 1967 — Asia, Africa, Europe, United States
* Paradictyna Forster, 1970 — New Zealand
* Paratheuma Bryant, 1940 — Oceania, Asia, North America
* Penangodyna Wunderlich, 1995 — Malaysia
* Phantyna Chamberlin, 1948 — North America, South America
* Qiyunia Song & Xu, 1989 — China, Japan
* Rhion O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 — Sri Lanka
* Saltonia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 — United States
* Scotolathys Simon, 1884 — Algeria, Europe, Israel
* Shango Lehtinen, 1967 — South Africa
* Sudesna Lehtinen, 1967 — Australia, Asia
* Tahuantina Lehtinen, 1967 — Chile
* Tandil Mello-Leitão, 1940 — Argentina
* Thallumetus Simon, 1893 — South America, Panama, North America
* Tivyna Chamberlin, 1948 — United States, Mexico, Cuba
* Tricholathys Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 — North America, Asia
* Viridictyna Forster, 1970 — New Zealand
# Gertrude Lane

Gertrude Lane (died 1953) was an American trade unionist and labor organizer active in New York City from the 1930s. Lane led the Office Workers Union and held roles in the Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union.

## Education and early career

Lane was a graduate of Hunter College. She had wanted to become a librarian but left college during the Great Depression and so had to find work as a waitress.

## Trade unionism

Lane was a leading member of the Office Workers Union (OWU) in New York, a white-collar union established in the early 1930s and affiliated with the Trade Union Unity League. She was the highest-ranking official in the union and was credited for highlighting the important role of women in labor struggles. In 1934, Lane was elected to the national committee of a conference held to look at establishing a national Office Workers Union. She was chairman of the strike committee during the OWU strikes at S. Klein and Ohrbach department stores in 1935. The OWU later merged into the United Office and Professional Workers of America (UOPWA).
Lane was also a founder of the Hotel and Club Employees Union, a local (Local 6) of the Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union. She worked as its secretary-treasurer.
Lane was supportive of The Daily Worker and encouraged union members to subscribe to and read it. According to In These Times, there is evidence that Lane was a member of the national committee of the Communist Party of the United States although she was deemed "not currently of sufficient interest" to be added to the FBI's Security Index. Lane was recorded as attending the Communist Party convention in July 1945 in a report by John F. Cronin. Counterattack, an anti-communist newsletter, named Lane and her husband as communists in 1948 and announced it had sent information about Lane to Congress.

## Personal life and death

Lane was married to Jay Rubin, another trade unionist who was president of the New York Hotel Trades Council. Lane died in 1953 after a period of illness and was survived by Rubin who died in 1990.
# USRA 2-6-6-2

The USRA 2-6-6-2 is a standardized design of 2-6-6-2 Mallet locomotives developed by the United States Railroad Administration during World War I.

## Design

The USRA 2-6-6-2 locomotive is a Mallet, or compound articulated type, having both low-pressure and high-pressure cylinders. The smaller high-pressure cylinders powered the rear set of driving wheels, and the larger low-pressure cylinders powered the forward set of driving wheels. The USRA 2-6-6-2 articulated locomotives were direct developments of the Chesapeake & Ohio class H2 and H4 series.

## Orders

During the tenure of the USRA, 30 of these articulated steam locomotives were built. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) [875-894, later 1520-1539] and Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway (W&LE) [8001-8010] ordered the USRA 2-6-6-2 Mallet. The first Mallet was delivered to the W&LE in 1919 for $71,966.94. Later, the Nickel Plate Road (NKP) leased them from the W&LE, renumbering them for use on its rails. The independently pivoted front engine allowed it to negotiate branch lines and tight curves while hauling larger consists than its smaller cousins in the USRA series.
The Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad ordered the first of these compact 2-6-6-2 articulated steam locomotives from Alco in 1911. It was a massive locomotive for the time, and it performed well enough for the C&O to order additional, but slightly modified, versions right through 1923. These locomotives were designed to replace the 2-8-0 Consolidations for the coal drags on the C&O's Hinton Division. The 2-6-6-2s could handle more tonnage than the double-headed pair of 2-8-0s they replaced, and they burned less coal in the process. The 2-6-6-2s proved to be ideal mine run engines as their power and flexibility plus low weight on drivers made them ideal for the curving and heavily graded branches in the mountains of Virginia and West Virginia.
An additional ten (10) locomotives were built in 1949. These C&O Class H6 2-6-6-2s, numbered 1300 to 1309, were the last steam locomotives produced by Baldwin for use in the United States. The last of these were retired in 1957. Most of the locomotives were scrapped, but the last two produced were retained by C&O as examples of their steam heritage. The C&O 1308 is in the care of the Collis P. Huntingdon Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society at Huntington, West Virginia, while the C&O 1309 was restored to operation on December 31, 2020, at the Western Maryland Scenic Railroad in Cumberland, Maryland.
# Mud hen (disambiguation)

Mud hen is an alternative name for the American coot (Fulica americana).
Mud hen or mudhen may also refer to:

## Birds

* Hawaiian coot, another species of Fulica
* Hawaiian gallinule, another bird species within the Rallidae family

## Nicknames

* Mud hen, a lake trout with a particularly dark coloration
* Mud Hen, the U.S. Air Force nickname for the F-15E Strike Eagle
* Mud Hen 17, a sailboat named after the American coot
* Mudhen, a nickname for the D&RGW K-27 locomotive
* Project Mudhen, a Central Intelligence Agency project focused on columnist Jack Anderson
* Toledo Mud Hens, a minor league baseball team named for the bird
# EMD GL8

The EMD GL8 is an export diesel-electric locomotive introduced by General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD) in 1960. They have been designed as light locomotives with a low axle loading. Measuring 36 feet 2 inches over the end sills, they are equipped an EMD 8-567CR engine producing 875 hp (652 kW) for traction, driving four traction motors in either A1A-A1A or B-B flexicoil trucks. The EMD GA8 is a derivative designed for very light lines with extremely sharp curves using frame mounted traction motors and freight car trucks.
Several countries have purchased GL8 locomotives.

## Original owners
### A1A-A1A version

* 12 Taiwan, 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
** 12 Taiwan Railway Administration S201–S212 (S201-S207 are the first production GL8 locomotives, which have the locomotive bell mounted on the top of the engine compartment, a feature unique to these locomotives)
* 41 East Pakistan, (now Bangladesh)
** 41 East Bengal Railways 2201–2241 (1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)) Still operational with Bangladesh Railway.

### B-B version

* 69 Brazil, 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in):
** 8 Rede Mineira de Viação 2851–2858
** 23 Companhia Mogiana de Estradas de Ferro 51–73
** 5 Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil 1001–1005
** 18 Rede de Viação Paraná-Santa Catarina 1401–1418
** 15 Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana 3601–3615
* 15 Republic of Ireland, 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)
** 15 Córas Iompair Éireann 121 Class B121–B135
* 12 Tunisia, 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) and / or 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
** 12 Société Nationale de Chemins de Fer Tunisiens 040DF351–040DF362

### C-C version

* 12 Australia, 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
** 12 Queensland Railways 1700 class 1700-1711 (Built by Clyde Engineering)

## Gallery

* Taiwan Railway Administration S210
* Bangladesh Railway 2214
* Córas Iompair Éireann 134
* Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Tunisiens 040-DF-353
# USS Merrimack (AO-179)

USS Merrimack (AO-179) was the third ship of the Cimarron-class of fleet oilers of the United States Navy. Merrimack was built at the Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans, Louisiana starting in 1978 and was commissioned in 1981 for service in the Atlantic Fleet. Total cost for the ship was $107.1 million. She was last homeported at Norfolk, Virginia. Between 1989 and 1991 Merrimack was "jumboized", meaning that, after cutting the ship into two sections after about a third from the bow, a 35.7 m long section was added to increase the fuel load. Merrimack was decommissioned on 18 December 1998 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on the same day. Her title was transferred to the Maritime Administration. She was scrapped in Brownsville on 5 June 2013.

## Awards

* Joint Meritorious Unit Commendation
* Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation - x2
* Navy E Ribbon - x2
* Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
* Southwest Asia Service Medal
* Armed Forces Service Medal
* Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation
* Coast Guard Special Operations Service Ribbon
# People's Party (Ukraine)

The People's Party (Ukrainian: Народна партія, romanized: Narodna partiia) is a political party in Ukraine. It was previously named as the Agrarian Party of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Аграрна партія України). The party is led by Volodymyr Lytvyn. In September 2011, he claimed that his party was only surpassed in membership by the Party of Regions and Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko.
The party won 2 seats in the Ukrainian parliament in the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election. The party did not take part in national elections since 2012.

## History

During the 1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party gained 3,68% of the popular vote, the party won 2 (single-mandate constituency) seats.
At the parliamentary elections on 30 March 2002, the party was part of the For United Ukraine alliance. At the parliamentary elections on 26 March 2006 the party was part of the electoral Lytvyn's People's Bloc, which won 2.44% of the popular vote and no seats. In the parliamentary elections on 30 September 2007, the party was part of the Lytvyn Bloc alliance, that won 20 out of 450 seats.
In November 2010 the Bloc of Lytvyn faction in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) was renamed People's Party faction.
In the 2010 local elections the party won representative in 20 of the 24 regional parliaments, it did not win seats in the Supreme Council of Crimea.
In August 2011 party leader Lytvyn stated that his People's Party will merge with fellow Ukrainian party Party of Regions. Earlier that month Strong Ukraine had announced the same move. But Mid-December 2011 Lytvyn stated that People's Party will participate in the 2012 parliamentary elections independently. In these election the party did not run on the nationwide proportional party-list but it did win 2 constituencies (it had competed in 58 constituencies), one won by Lytvyn and the other one by Serhiy Hrynyvetsky, and thus parliamentary representation. Hrynyvetsky joined the faction of Party of Regions in December 2012, while Lytvyn did not join any faction.
In the 2014 parliamentary election the party did not compete on the nationwide party list and also did not win a constituency seat and thus no parliamentary seats. Lytvyn was re-elected into parliament as an independent candidate in electoral district 65.
Again the party did not take part in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election. In this election Volodymyr Lytvyn lost his parliamentary seat after losing his constituency.
In the 2020 Ukrainian local elections the party gained 13 deputies (0.03% of all available mandates).

## Election results

Verkhovna Rada :
| Year | Popular vote | % of popular vote | Overall seats won | Seat change | Government |
| 1998 | 978,330 | 3.8% | 2 / 450 | 2 | support |
| 2002 | For United Ukraine bloc | For United Ukraine bloc | 22 / 450 | 20 | coalition government |
| 2006 | Lytvyn Bloc | Lytvyn Bloc | 0 / 450 | 22 | N/A |
| 2007 | Lytvyn Bloc | Lytvyn Bloc | 20 / 450 | 20 | opposition |
| 2012 | | | 2 / 450 | 18 | support |
# Bhavana Balakrishnan

Bhavana Balakrishnan (born 25 May 1985) is an Indian television anchor, cricket commentator, video jockey, playback singer and dancer. She is one of the most popular sports journalists in India after Mayanti Langer. She currently works as a broadcaster for Star Sports and has hosted several programmes for the channel. Balakrishnan was one of the women to commentate during the 2019 Cricket World Cup. Bhavana mostly does her hosting and presenting work in Tamil, while also being fluent in Hindi.

## Career

Balakrishnan began her career as a radio jockey for a brief period and ventured into television. She joined Raj TV as a host, and the first television show she hosted was Beach Girls Show. She later joined Star Vijay channel and became a full-time anchor with the channel in 2011. Her first programme with Vijay TV was Super Singer Junior, and she also hosted Airtel Super Singer until 2017. She has hosted other shows with the channel including the "Fun Unlimited" season of Jodi Number One.
In 2017, she joined Star Sports as a sports journalist and hosted broadcasts of for the Indian Premier League (IPL) and Pro Kabaddi League. She served as a commentator for Star Sports Tamil during the 2018 IPL season and was one of just two female presenters during the 2018 Indian Premier League. In 2019, she hosted the Tamil version of Indian celebrity talk show Famously Filmfare.
Balakrishnan made her debut as singer in 2018 and released her first single The MashUp Series by BB.

## Personal life

She married Mumbai based businessman Nikhil Ramesh and currently resides in Mumbai.
# Nicola Franceschina

Nicola Franceschina (born 26 May 1977) is an Italian short track speed skater who competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics, in the 2002 Winter Olympics, and in the 2006 Winter Olympics.
He was born in Bormio.
In 1998 he was a member of the Italian relay team which finished fourth in the 5000 metre relay competition.
Four years later he won the silver medal in the 5000 metre relay contest. In the 500 metre event he finished twelfth.
At the 2006 Games he was part of the Italian team which finished fourth in the 5000 metre relay contest.
# Murder of Magdalena Stoffels

The murder of Magdalena Stoffels occurred in Windhoek, Namibia on July 27, 2010. The perpetrator was never found. Raping and murdering this 17-year-old school girl caused demonstrations and a debate on Namibia's stance on the death penalty.

## The case

Stoffels, a 17-year-old schoolgirl, was found in a riverbed near Dawid Bezuidenhout High School after having been raped and murdered. Later that same day, a police officer found a man named Junias Fillipus (32), washing clothes in the same riverbed. The distance was approximately 300 to 500 metres from where Stoffels' body was found. After observing what he believed to be scratch marks on his knees and back and blood stains on the clothes, the police officer arrested Fillipus in connection with the attack.

## Aftermath

The crime was described by The Namibian as among "most prominent cases of violence against women and children recorded in [Namibia] in 2010". The Windhoek Observer noted that "Fillipus’ arrest sparked a public outcry against gender-based violence". Approximately 3,000 people, including schoolchildren from 10 schools, marched from Stoffels' school to the Magistrates' Court in Katutura to protest her rape and murder and to deliver a petition to the Deputy Prosecutor General, Johnny Truter, which pointed out the high rate of violent crime on Namibian children. The Southern Times reported that the murder of Stoffels "ignited debate on the reinstatement of the death penalty" in Namibia.
Evaluation of forensic evidence lasted almost a year. The results did not link Fillipus with the crime, and the charges against him were withdrawn. In May 2011, he was released from custody. Fillipus sued the Namibian Police for unlawful arrest, unlawful detention, and malicious prosecution in 2013. In 2016 the first two charges were thrown out of the Windhoek High Court due to a one-year statute of limitations for such claims. The third claim is yet to be heard in court. Meanwhile, investigators fear that the case has gone cold.
In 2013 a pedestrian bridge in Windhoek's Khomasdal suburb was named after Magdalena Stoffels. It is situated close to the Dawid Bezuidenhout school where Stoffels was a learner, and it crosses the Arebbusch Riverbed in which the murder occurred. The bridge is hoped to prevent future crimes in the bushy riverbed.
# Padmāvatī

Padmāvatī is the protective goddess or śāsana devī (शासनदेवी) of Pārśvanātha, the twenty-third Jain tīrthāṅkara, complimenting Parshwa yaksha in Swetambara and Dharanendra in digambar the shasan deva. She is a yakshini (attendant goddess) of Parshwanatha.

## Jain biography

There is another pair of souls of a nāga and nāginī who were saved by Parshwanath while being burnt alive in a log of wood by the tapas kamath, and who were subsequently reborn as Indra (Dharanendra in particular) and Padmavati (different from sashan devi) after their death. According to the Jain tradition, Padmavati and her husband Dharanendra protected Lord Parshvanatha when he was harassed by Meghmali. After Padmavati rescued Parshvanatha grew subsequently powerful in to yakshi, a powerful tantric deity and surpassed other snake goddess Vairotya.

## Legacy
### Worship

Goddess Padmavati along with Ambika and Chakreshvari are held as esteemed deities and worshipped by Jains along with tirthankaras. Ambika and Padmavati are associated with tantric rituals. Both Padmavati and Dharanendra are revered exclusively as powerful intercessor deities. These tantric rites involves yantra-vidhi, pitha-sthapana and mantra-puja. Friday of every week is a particularly popular day to worship the Goddess.

### In literature

* Bhairava-Padmavati-Kalpa written by Mallisena in 12th century is tantric text to worship Padmavati. The text discusses rites connected with Padmavati, namely, stambha, vasya, akarsana, nimitta-jnana, garuda tantra etc.
* Adbhuta-Padmavati-Kalpa is Śvetāmbara text composed by Shri Chandra Suri, 12th century.
* Padmavati-astaka composed by Śvetāmbara scholar Parshvadeva gani is commentary of various tantric rites.
* Padmavati-catusadika composed by Jinaprabha suri.
* Padmavati-Pujanama, Padmavati-strota, Padmavati-sahasra-nama-strota, Rakta-Padmavati-Kalpa are tantric text dedicated to Padmavati.

### Iconography

A snake's hood covers her head, and she sits on a lotus flower. Often a small image of Parshvanatha is placed in her crown. She may be depicted as four-armed, carrying noose and rosary (japa mala), elephant goad, lotus and a fruit. Her mount, or vahana, is the rooster. Yaksha-Yakshi pair sculptures of Padmavati Ambika and Dharanendra are one of the most favoured along with Gomukha-Chakreshwari and Sarvahanabhuti-Ambika.
* 'Mandala of Padmavati', bronze, Walters Art Museum, 11th century
* Sculpture of Goddess Padmavati in Akkana Basadi, 12th century
* Sculpture of Padmavati in the Government Museum and Art Gallery, Chandigarh. Chola dynasty, 13th century
* Goddess Padmavati at Walkeshwar Jain Temple
* Padmavati at Shri Mahavirji
* Goddess Padmavati at Hanumantal Bada Jain Mandir, Jabalpur

### Main temples

* Padmakshi Gutta in Warangal, Telangana
* Padmavati temple, Humcha, 7th century temple
* Padmavati Basadi, Karkala, Karnataka
* Padmavati temple, Humcha
* Bale Padmavati Temple, Padmavati Temple Vadanbilu, jog falls Karnataka
# Cintura Line

vteLinha de Cintura :
Legend :
Detailed diagram :
vteCommuter rail and ferry services in the Lisbon metropolitan area :
Legend :
CP Urban Services, Transtejo & Soflusa, Fertagus :
The Cintura line (Portuguese: Linha de Cintura, formerly called Linha de Circumvalação de Lisboa) is a railway line in Lisbon, Portugal. The half circle route was opened in 1888 and serves as a connection between all railway lines in Lisbon: The Cascais, Sul, Sintra, and Norte Lines. There are two railway triangles, one in Sete Rios, and another in Xabregas. It crosses all four Lisbon Metro lines, and connects to three of those at four stations.