# Bangued

Bangued, officially the Municipality of Bangued (Ilocano: Ili ti Bangued; Tagalog: Bayan ng Bangued), is a municipality and capital of the province of Abra, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,382 people making it the most populous in the province.

## Etymology

The name Bangued evolved from the Ilocano word "Bangan," which means roadblock or blockade.
The Tinguians prevented the Spanish forces from penetrating their area and they placed roadblocks on all roads leading to the place. They also cut large logs and threw them to the Abra River to prevent the incoming Spanish colonist and Ilocano settlers from entering the area with the use of their boats and bamboo rafts. When the logs reached Nagtalabungan the strength of the currents allowed many of these trees to be left behind for the strong current gets narrower as it bends westwards on its course to the South China Sea across a gap in the Ilocos range, better known as "Banaoang." These logs were also made as obstacles and big rocks were placed along the roads which the natives called "bangan".

## History
### Early history

The early settlers were the Tinguians belonging to the Bago, Masadiit, lbanao, and Indayas tribes who later intermarried with the immigrants from Ilocos. The Tingguians opposed the Christianization introduced by the Spanish friars who penetrated the eastern settlements.

### Spanish colonial era

In 1598, Augustinian fathers Martin and Minon were able to penetrate the valley and found a "mission" in Bangued. A Spanish military garrison was also established to protect the inhabitants from the attacks of the headhunters.
In November 1601, Fray Esteban Marín in the company of an expedition under Captain Mateo de Aranda arrived in Abra but was killed, with his body tied up to a tree, shot by arrows, before being dismembered.
In 1614, Fr. Juan de Pareja, "Conquistador Espiritual" of Abra, arrived with the protection of the Spanish garrison and advanced further to the interior. In 1615, Fr. Juan Pareja organized Bangued as a mission center and baptized 3,000 Tingguians with the help of their chief, Manuel Dumawal.
On April 5, 1617, Bangued was created into a ministry by the Augustinians and Fr. Pedro Columbo was the first minister. Bangued was made an independent mission territory in 1692.
The construction of the big church in Bangued began in 1722 and was completed in 1807. It was about 73 meters long. A spacious convento was built adjoining it. It later became the Sacred Heart of Jesus Academy, which is now the Holy Spirit Academy, a convent for sisters and a school for girls and boys.
At July 25, 1861, the Feast of St. James the Great (Apo Senor Santiago), the town was formally inaugurated.
In August 1898, Fr. Inocencio Vega was the last Spanish missionary to work in Bangued.

### American invasion era

When the Americans colonized the country and established the civil government.

### Japanese occupation era

On March 10, 1945, at 3:00 P.M., some American planes guided by Filipinos dropped incendiary bombs on the capitol, the catholic church and adjoining buildings. On subsequent days the whole town was bombed. Whoever the bombers saw, they machine-gunned and the whole town as in flames and ruins. Many were burned and whoever could escape fled to the barrios.

## Geography

Bangued is a landlocked municipality, located at 17°36′N 120°37′E﻿ / ﻿17.6°N 120.62°E﻿ / 17.6; 120.62. It is elongated in shape towards the north and south, and bisected through the center by the large Abra River. It is situated in the western portion of the province with boundaries defined by the Province of Ilocos Norte and the Municipality of Danglas in the north; La Paz, Tayum and Peñarrubia in the east; San Isidro in the south, and Langiden and Pidigan in the west.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 105.70 square kilometres (40.81 sq mi)  constituting 2.54% of the 4,165.25-square-kilometre- (1,608.21 sq mi) total area of Abra. The town is generally mountainous from north to south; however, it is flat and rolling at the midsection. From here it has an elevation of 30 metres (98 ft) above mean sea level. In the north, which consists mostly of mountains, elevation ranges from 60 to 1,036 metres (197 to 3,399 ft). In the south, which is interspersed with mountain and hills, elevation ranges from 45 to 300 metres (148 to 984 ft). One such hill is Cassamata Hill which was declared a national park.
Bangued is accessible through the Abra-Ilocos Sur National Road from the west, Abra-Kalinga Road from the north-east, and Abra-Ilocos Norte Road from the North. It is 408 kilometres (254 mi) from Manila, 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Narvacan, and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Vigan.

### Climate

Climate data for Bangued, Abra :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 32 (90) | 34 (93) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 31 (87) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18 (64) | 19 (66) | 20 (68) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 19 (66) | 22 (71) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9 (0.4) | 11 (0.4) | 13 (0.5) | 23 (0.9) | 92 (3.6) | 122 (4.8) | 153 (6.0) | 137 (5.4) | 139 (5.5) | 141 (5.6) | 42 (1.7) | 14 (0.6) | 896 (35.4) |
| Average rainy days | 4.6 | 4.0 | 6.2 | 9.1 | 19.5 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 22.5 | 21.5 | 15.2 | 10.5 | 6.0 | 166.3 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||
The climate falls under the first type of tropical climate, which is characterized by two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet during the remaining months of the year. Prevailing wind blowing in the area is mostly in the direction from north-west to southeast. However, during summer in the absence of weather disturbance, wind blows from north to south or east to west.

### Barangays

Bangued is politically subdivided into 31 barangays with 77 sitios. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 140101001 | Agtangao | 4.6% | 2,295 | 2,164 | ▴ | 0.59% |
| 140101002 | Angad | 4.9% | 2,464 | 2,298 | ▴ | 0.70% |
| 140101004 | Bañacao | 4.9% | 2,486 | 1,749 | ▴ | 3.58% |
| 140101003 | Bangbangar | 2.5% | 1,243 | 1,190 | ▴ | 0.44% |
| 140101005 | Cabuloan | 2.0% | 1,028 | 1,131 | ▾ | −0.95% |
| 140101006 | Calaba | 6.9% | 3,494 | 2,890 | ▴ | 1.92% |
| 140101009 | Cosili East (Proper) | 1.8% | 908 | 957 | ▾ | −0.52% |
| 140101008 | Cosili West (Buaya) | 2.7% | 1,336 | 1,175 | ▴ | 1.29% |
| 140101010 | Dangdangla | 4.3% | 2,149 | 1,623 | ▴ | 2.85% |
| 140101011 | Lingtan | 1.7% | 859 | 862 | ▾ | −0.03% |
| 140101012 | Lipcan | 3.9% | 1,975 | 1,676 | ▴ | 1.65% |
| 140101013 | Lubong | 1.4% | 699 | 690 | ▴ | 0.13% |
| 140101014 | Macarcarmay | 1.3% | 667 | 695 | ▾ | −0.41% |
| 140101016 | Macray | 1.5% | 749 | 755 | ▾ | −0.08% |
| 140101017 | Malita | 0.8% | 401 | 373 | ▴ | 0.73% |
| 140101015 | Maoay | 1.5% | 742 | 736 | ▴ | 0.08% |
| 140101018 | Palao | 3.4% | 1,697 | 1,676 | ▴ | 0.12% |
| 140101019 | Patucannay | 2.9% | 1,450 | 1,411 | ▴ | 0.27% |
| 140101020 | Sagap | 1.7% | 863 | 775 | ▴ | 1.08% |
| 140101021 | San Antonio | 1.7% | 878 | 913 | ▾ | −0.39% |
| 140101022 | Santa Rosa | 4.0% | 1,997 | 1,784 | ▴ | 1.13% |
| 140101023 | Sao-atan | 2.1% | 1,077 | 976 | ▴ | 0.99% |
| 140101024 | Sappaac | 2.6% | 1,318 | 1,238 | ▴ | 0.63% |
| 140101007 | Calot | 3.1% | 1,541 | 1,408 | ▴ | 0.91% |
| 140101031 | Zone 1 Poblacion (Linasin) | 4.4% | 2,212 | 2,017 | ▴ | 0.93% |
| 140101025 | Zone 2 Poblacion (Consiliman) | 2.7% | 1,376 | 1,325 | ▴ | 0.38% |
| 140101026 | Zone 3 Poblacion (Lalaud) | 3.8% | 1,927 | 1,622 | ▴ | 1.74% |
| 140101027 | Zone 4 Poblacion (Town Proper) | 2.1% | 1,073 | 1,040 | ▴ | 0.31% |
| 140101028 | Zone 5 Poblacion (Bo. Barikir) | 5.1% | 2,566 | 2,277 | ▴ | 1.20% |
| 140101029 | Zone 6 Poblacion (Sinapangan) | 3.7% | 1,884 | 1,789 | ▴ | 0.52% |
| 140101030 | Zone 7 Poblacion (Baliling) | 5.6% | 2,809 | 2,721 | ▴ | 0.32% |
| | Total | Total | 50,382 | 43,936 | ▴ | 1.38% |

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, Bangued had a population of 50,382. The population density was 480 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,200/sq mi).

### Language

Ilocano and Itneg are the main dialects of Bangued.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Bangued
* 5
* 10
* 15
* 20
* 2006 16.60
* 2009 16.75
* 2012 10.86
* 2015 10.27
* 2018 8.89
* 2021 18.30
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
The economy of the municipality is heavily dependent on agriculture particularly palay and corn, followed by trade and industry. Chinese businessmen dominate trade and manufacturing as a common preoccupation of the populace.
The commercial activity of Bangued is confined in the urban core establishing a linear pattern of development along major thoroughfares. This is evident from Torrijos Street to Taft Street of Zone 5, McKinley Street to Santiago Street and Partelo Street of Zone 4, and Capitulacion Street of Zone 1 and Zone 2.
For the year 2000 there were 1,539 commercial/business enterprises classified as wholesale and retail trade, dry and wet markets, banking and finance, service and others. There were 9 large suppliers of lumber, hardware and other construction supplies and materials. Likewise there were also about 3 large contractors with undetermined number of small to medium scale. On the other hand, there were also a number of large to medium scale suppliers of general merchandise, groceries and various types of prime commodities.
As the economic center of Abra, small scale or cottage industries abound. The most common are hollow blocks and other concrete products manufacturing with gravel and sand readily available at the Abra River bank. Wood and bamboo craft are also promising business enterprises with raw materials available in the vicinity and in the hinterlands for narra and other species of hardwood, rattan, and bamboos. Metalcraft, tinsmithing, jewelry making is also expanding while a lot of households are now in the small scale processing or value adding activities appertaining to various food items.

## Government
### Local government

Bangued, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Abra, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

### Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council (2022–2025) :
| Position | Name |
| Congressman | Menchie B. Bernos (NP) |
| Mayor | Mila A. Valera (Asenso) |
| Vice-Mayor | Joaquin Enrico V. Bernos (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Salvacion B. Borja (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Mark Froilan P. Seares (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Byrone Alzate (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Rowena B. Bringas (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Danilo A. Adame (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Mark Anthony R. Go (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Serafin Alzate (Asenso) |
| Councilors | Benedict V. Bersamira (Asenso) |

## Healthcare

* Valera Medical Hospital (formerly known as Saint James Clinic), Zone 7 — Private
* Bangued Christian Hospital, Lorben's Hill, Torrijos St., Zone 5 — Private
* Assumpta Hospital, Zone 7 - Private
* Abra Provincial Hospital, Barangay Calaba — Public
* Seares Memorial Clinic, Zone 4 — Private
* Saint Jude Clinic, Zone 7 — Private
* Bobila Clinic, Zone 7 — Private

## Education

The municipality has a total of 24 Educational Institutions at all levels. 21 belong to the government while the rest are private. Of the total public schools, 19 belongs to the elementary levels. Most of the educational institutions of higher levels secondary and tertiary are concentrated in the urban core, while elementary schools are strategically located in different barangays forming their own catchment areas.
Aside from these institutions there are at least 15 daycare centers located in different barangays, and 5 private institutions for pre-schoolers complementing that from the government.
The total number of elementary school teachers in the public sector is 218 giving a gross teacher pupil ratio of 1:30 (SY 1999-2000 DepEd), in the private there are 193 with a ratio of 1:28 in the same period. Two public libraries complement existing facilities, the Provincial Library located al Santiago St. Zone 3 and the Integrated Bar of the Philippines Library located at the Municipal Trial Court.

### Colleges

Private
* Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6 — Private
* Abra Valley Colleges, Zone 4 — Semi-private
* Data Center College of the Phils., Lipcan — Private
* University of Abra (formerly Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology), Zone 3 — Public

### High schools
#### Private

* Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6
* Abra Valley Colleges, Zone 4
* Holy Spirit Academy of Bangued, Zone 5
* Saint Joseph Seminary
* Sacred Heart School of Bangued, Zone 6

#### Public

* Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Zone 3
* Abra High School, Zone 3

## Transportation

Passenger buses, mini-buses, jeepneys and tricycles including cargo are the major means of transportation in the town. Buses, mini-buses and jeepneys ply the longer routes covering the entire province of Abra and out, while tricycles serve only the inner arteries of the municipality's barangays including the adjacent towns of La Paz, Peñarrubia, Pidigan, and Tayum on a chartered ride basis.
Buses going in and out of the province have their own permanent station/terminal, while all the rest are accommodated and parked along various open lots, gasoline stations, etc. Some of the transportation companies that have their own terminal include Partas, Dominion, and the GMW Trans.
There are jeeps that ply from Bangued to Narvacan.
GMW trans have daily trips to Tuguegarao and Santiago City; while Partas have trips to Baguio and Metro Manila on a daily basis.

## Notable Personalities

* Ignacio Villamor y Borbón - lawyer, former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; first Filipino President of the University of the Philippines
* Jesus A. Villamor - decorated World War 2 pilot, spy, and Medal of Valor Awardee
* Juan Villamor - revolutionary writer, politician
* Kurt Barbosa – SEA Games gold medallist, Taekwondo proud waving carry the Filipino flag
* Pura Sumangil – community activist
* Quintin Paredes - lawyer, statesman, senator; 5th President of the Senate

## Sister cities

* Vigan