OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo

vteSyrian civil war :
Timeline
Background and causes
Casualties
Cities
map
Terrorism
Massacres :
The Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo is a Syrian rebel group previously affiliated with the Free Syrian Army's Southern Front. The group was named after either Ahmad al-Abdo al-Saeed, a Syrian civilian who was killed in the early 2011 protests, or first lieutenant Ahmad al-Abdo, a rebel commander who was killed in action during the war. The group received support from the Friends of Syria Group.

## Structure and equipment

As of 2017, the group claimed to have 2,000 fighters, including 500 defected soldiers and 30 officers from the Syrian Armed Forces. The head of the group was the "joint command council", led by Captain Ahmed Tamer.
Fighters in the group typically operated in groups of 10. Its main equipment were Toyota Land Cruiser and Toyota Hilux gun trucks mounted with various weaponry including autocannons, heavy machine guns, recoilless rifles, and multiple rocket launchers. It also operated at least 1 T-62 and 2 T-55s.
The group received BGM-71 TOW missiles as one of the first rebel groups to do so in May 2014 and was also in possession of Chinese HJ-8 and Russian 9M133 Kornet anti-tank missiles paid by Qatar and supplied from Sudan.

## History

The group was involved in the capture of the Brigade 559 and the siege of Dumayr airbase. It primarily operated in the eastern Qalamoun Mountains and northern Damascus countryside regions. In March 2016, the group and the US-backed New Syrian Army captured the al-Tanf border crossing from the ISIL in a cross-border raid.
On 9 June 2016, the group's leader, Colonel Bakour Salim, who was also the commander of the Damascus Military Council from 2012 to 2013, died in an ISIL suicide bombing after the group advanced and captured several ISIL positions. Later in June, the FMAA and the NSA were hit by air strikes from 2 Russian Sukhoi Su-34s and participated in the failed 2016 Abu Kamal offensive against the ISIL.
A new commander, Captain Ahmed Tamer, was appointed on 30 August 2016 after the previous commander was dismissed for alleged corruption.
Since 2016, the opposition local council of towns in the eastern Qalamoun Mountains has negotiated a ceasefire agreement with Syrian government forces. As a result, the group abided by it and focused its fighting against the ISIL. As part of the Southern Front, the group also abided by a ceasefire in effect since the January 2017 Astana talks. In an interview with the group's commander in February 2017, he announced that the group would support an international attempt for a ceasefire in Syria.
In April 2018, along with other rebel groups in the eastern Qalamoun, some fighters of the Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo were evacuated to the Turkish-occupied zone in the northern Aleppo Governorate, while others retreated to the al-Rukban camp and the Al-Tanf Garrison.
In August 2022, the Forces of Martyr Ahmad al-Abdo repaired two wells in Al-Rukban, after locals complained the water was mixed with sediment.
# Motilal Ray

Motilal Ray (February, 1843 - 1908) also known as Mati Ray was a Bengali actor, director, and writer. He popularized the Jatra Gan by composing simple fluent and elegant ballads. He revived the old tradition in a new way. Under his influence, Krishna Lila Jatra came to be known as ‘Puratan' old.

## Biography
### Early days

Motilal Ray was born on 21 Magh of 1249 Bangabda (in February 1843) in the village of Bhatsala in Bardhaman district (now in Purba Bardhaman district). His father was Manohar Ray and mother was Kashishwari debi. After starting his studies in the village school, he came to Nabadwip and completed his primary studies from Nabadwip Missionary School. He later studied in Barasat High School.

### Professional career

With the help of Madhab Chowdhury, Motilal Ray began his career as a teacher in the Missionary School in Nabadwip. Within a few days, he got a service at Jorasanko police station and went there. And within a few months he got a good job in Calcutta G.P.O. and moved there.
He had a hobby of writing poetry since childhood. When he met Ishwar Gupta, the editor of Sambad Prabhakar, one day he got a chance to write poetry there. Later, he got a chance to write for Hari Narayan Babu's Jatra Dal. Then he began to earn and acquired a great reputation by holding Jatra performances with Hari Narayan. Two plays of Motilal ‘‘Tarani Sen Badh’’ and ‘‘Ram Bano Bash’’ or ‘‘Ram Biday’’ were performed in Hari Narayan's Jatra.
In 1873, Motilal formed his own Jatra Party in Nabadwip as Nabadwip Banga Gitabhinay Sampraday. His troupe was more popularly known as Motirayer Dol or Moti Ray's Troupe. Motilal Ray changed the style and narratives of Jatra, introducing a modern identity. He transformed Jatra much closer to the style of theater, introducing Geetabhinoy (acting through singing) in Jatra.
# Yelena Afanasyeva (athlete)

Yelena Aleksandrovna Vlasova-Afanasyeva (Russian: Елена Александровна Афанасьева; born March 1, 1967, in Kulebaki) is a former Russian athlete who competed in the 800 metres. Her greatest achievements include a European title as well as a 1997 World Championships silver medal. The same year she achieved the time of 1:56.61 minutes in Zurich. Afanasyeva retired after the 2001 season.

## International competitions

Representing  Russia :
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 1992 | World Cup | Havana, Cuba | 3rd | 800 m | 2:02.19 |
| 1993 | World Indoor Championships | Toronto, Canada | 4nd | 800 m | 2:01.87 |
| 1995 | World Indoor Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 2nd | 800 m | 1:59.79 |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 12th (sf) | 800 m | 2:03.66 |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 5th | 800 m | 1:59.57 |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 2nd | 800 m | 1:57.56 |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 1st | 800 m | 1:58.50 |
| 1998 | World Cup | Johannesburg, South Africa | 2nd | 800 m | 2:00.20 |
| 2001 | World Indoor Championships | Lisbon, Portugal | 5th | 800 m | 2:02.17 |
# Otradny, Samara Oblast

Otradny (Russian: Отра́дный) is a town in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Bolshoy Kinel River (Samara's tributary), 91 kilometers (57 mi) east of Samara. Population: 48,356 (2010 Census); 50,048 (2002 Census); 48,767 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The settlement of Otradnoye (Отра́дное) was founded in the beginning of the 1920s by the peasants of the village of Chernovka. In 1946, an oil-extracting settlement of Mukhanovo (Муханово) was established nearby, and in 1947 it was granted urban-type settlement status and renamed Otradny. It grew and absorbed the settlement of Otradnoye, and in 1956 it was granted town status.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Otradny—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Otradny is incorporated as Otradny Urban Okrug.

## Sister city

* Bačka Palanka, Serbia
# Alice Palmer (designer)

Alice Palmer is a Scottish knitwear designer who has won many awards and is much influenced by Arabic art.
# Progressive Republican Party (India)

The Progressive Republican Party (PRP) is a newly formed political party in the state of Maharashtra. It was established on 22 April 2024, during a conclave that involved over 40 Dalit-Ambedkarite organizations.

## Formation

The Progressive Republican Party emerged from a gathering of more than 40 Dalit Ambedkarite organizations that convened to discuss the political future and strategies for the community. The formation was declared at an intense conclave, where leaders emphasized the significance of the upcoming Lok Sabha election as a battle to protect constitutional values and democracy. The party's formation aimed to bring unity to Dalit organizations and align with broader political coalitions to maximize its electoral impact.
Shyam Dada Gaikwad firmly stated from the press conference;
   This Lok Sabha election is not about proving the political worth or value of the Buddhist Community in the state. This election poses a grave challenge to save the country’s Constitution and democracy itself. Stopping Modi and his BJP is the need of the hour.
# 1963 Tour de Hongrie

The 1963 Tour de Hongrie was the 19th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 17 to 22 June 1963. The race started and finished in Szombathely. The race was won by András Mészáros.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | András Mészáros (HUN) | Ú. Dózsa | 22h 49' 58" |
| 2 | Lothar Höhne (GDR) | East Germany | + 20" |
| 3 | János Juszkó (HUN) | BVSC | + 1' 54" |
# Langobardia Minor

Langobardia Minor was the name that, in the Early Middle Ages, was given to the Lombard domains in central and southern Italy, corresponding to the duchies of Spoleto and Benevento. After the conquest of the Lombard kingdom by Charlemagne in 774, it remained under Lombard control until the end of the Principate of Salerno in 1077, when longobard Salerno felt to the Norman conquerors.

## History

After reaching Italy via Friuli in 568, the Lombards conquered a large portion of territory south of the Alps from the Byzantines. These lands, which did not constitute, at least initially, a uniform and contiguous domain, were grouped into two main areas: Langobardia Major, from the Alps to today's Tuscany, and Langobardia Minor, which included the domains south of the Byzantine territories (which, in the late 6th century, stretched from Rome to Ravenna through modern-day Umbria and Marche). The Exarchate of Ravenna was connected to Rome through a Byzantine corridor that went through Orvieto, Chiusi and Perugia and separated Langobardia Minor from Langobardia Major.
While Langobardia Major fragmented into many duchies and city-states, Langobardia Minor maintained, for the duration of the Lombard kingdom (568–774), a remarkable institutional stability, remaining divided into the two duchies of Spoleto and Benevento. They were formed immediately after Lombard penetration, in the 570s, and the first dukes were Faroald in Spoleto and Zotto in Benevento. In the beginning, the two duchies only included the inland areas, leaving control of the coastal areas to the Byzantines; only later (particularly during the reign of Agilulf, 591–616) were Lombard possessions extended to the coasts as well. Consequently, the entire Adriatic coast between the Byzantine strongholds of Ancona in the north and Otranto in the south became subjected to the two duchies. The Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas, however, only partially fell under the authority of the duke of Benevento, who was never able to permanently occupy the city of Naples, the tip of Salento, the part of Calabria south of Cosenza and Crotone, or the city of Rome and its suburbs.
# Conveyor belt furnace

A conveyor belt furnace is a furnace that uses a conveyor or belt to carry process parts or material through a primary heating chamber for rapid thermal processing. It is designed for fast drying and curing of products, and has widespread use in the firing process of thick film and metallization process of solar cell manufacturing. Other names for conveyor belt furnace include metallization furnace, belt furnace, atmosphere furnace, infrared furnace and fast fire furnace.
Conveyor furnaces typically adopt a tunnel structure and contain multiple controlled zones including preheating, binder burn out, heating, firing, and cooling. A conveyor furnace also features fast thermal responses, uniform and stable temperature distribution. Some can heat treated parts to around 1050 °C. The belt speed of a conveyor furnace can be as high as to 6000 mm/min. Products are heated efficiently by infrared radiation (a furnace can also use ceramic heaters or IR lamps) and are dried and fired after passing through the controlled zones, followed by rapid cooling.

## Process applications
### Thick film processing

After a paste is screened onto a substrate and it settles for 5–15 minutes at room temperature, it undergoes oven drying at 100-150 °C for 10–15 minutes to remove solvents. Firing is then completed in conveyor belt furnaces at temperatures between 500 and 1000 °C.

### Crystalline silicon solar cell Manufacturing

Electrical contacts are usually formed by screen printing. The firing is done in conveyor belt furnaces at a temperature of about 700 °C for a few minutes. Upon firing, the organic solvents evaporate and the metal powder becomes a conducting path for the electric current.

### Thin film solar cell manufacturing

A transparent conducting glass, coated with doped SnO$_2$ or ITO film, is used as a substrate. A thin film, such as CdS, is then deposited through CSS or CBD techniques. The CdS film is heat treated by a conveyor belt furnace in a reducing atmosphere or in the presence of CdCl$_2$ at 400-500 °C.

### Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) manufacturing

TiO$_2$ nanoparticles have been used extensively to increase the interfacial surface area in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nanoparticle films are generally made by screen printing a paste of titania nanocrystals and then sintering the particles together at 450-500 °C in a conveyor belt furnace.
# Boronia tenuior

Boronia tenuior is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to Western Australia. It is an open shrub with thin, square stems, simple, serrated leaves, and pink to mauve, four-petalled flowers.

## Description

Boronia tenuior is an open, glabrous shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in). The branchlets are more or less square in outline with a narrow, wavy, glandular wing on each corner. It has simple, elliptic leaves, 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) long with serrated edges. The flowers are arranged in cymes on the ends of the branchlets with large, red bracts at the base. The flowers on the edges of the cymes are borne on a thin, dark red pedicel 7–20 mm (0.28–0.79 in) long. The four sepals are dark red, narrow triangular to egg-shaped and about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long. The four petals are pink to mauve, darker in the centre and about 6 mm (0.24 in) long. There are eight stamens with a warty tip and hairy. Flowering mainly occurs between October and January.

## Taxonomy and naming

Boronia tenuior was first formally described in 1923 by Karel Domin from specimens collected by Arthur Dorrien-Smith. The description was published in the journal Vestnik Kralovske Ceske Spolecnosti Nauk, Trida Matematiko-Prirodevedecke. The specific epithet (tenuior) is derived from the Latin word tenuis meaning "thin".

## Distribution and habitat

This boronia grows near swamps, along streams, along roads and in seasonally wet places between Busselton, Augusta, Nannup and Walpole.

## Conservation

Boronia tenuior is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Lola Prusac

Lola Prusac (18 January 1895 – 29 October 1985) was a Polish-born French fashion designer noted for her inventive and original way of dressing, who worked for Hermès in Paris between 1925 and 1935. She was first "with the unusual position of counselor for colors", then as a modéliste (designer). At Hermès she designed in 1929 their first women collection, silk squares,. and in the early 1930s bags with geometric inlays inspired by the Dutch painter Mondrian. In 1936, she founded her own fashion house, specialising in "sport-tricot" (casual knits) clothes. For this reason, though she had been a member since 1942, the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture denied her in 1952 the "Couture-Création" status.
In 1978, Lola Prusac received an aiguille d'or (golden needle), a French award sometimes granted together with the more prestigious dé d'or (golden thimble)..
# Swiss Hitparade

Music of Switzerland :
General topics :
2005 in Swiss music
2006 in Swiss music
Opera
Swiss composers :
Genres :
Hip hop
Rock
Schlager
Volksmusik
Volkstümliche Musik :
Specific forms :
Guggenmusik
Kuhreihen
Ländler
Yodeling :
Media and performance :
Nationalistic and patriotic songs :
Regional music :
vte :
The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade) is Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland.
The Swiss charts include:
* Singles Top 75 (released since 1968)
* Singles Top 100
* Albums Top 100 (released since late 1983)
* Compilations Top 25
* Airplay Top 30
Since 2010, Hitparade's compiler Media Control has also set up Les charts, a record chart of the highest-selling singles and albums in Romandie, the Francophone region of Switzerland:
* Romandie Singles Top 20 (discontinued)
* Romandie Albums Top 50
The charts are updated weekly on Sundays, and are posted publicly on the preceding Wednesday mornings.
# PKP class EP03

The PKP class EP03 (manufacturer's designation: ASEA E150) is a type of electric locomotive used by Polish railway operator Polskie Koleje Państwowe (PKP).

## History

In 1946 PKP purchased eight locomotives from the Swedish manufacturer Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) of a type not used in Sweden.

### Introduction

The locomotives were introduced in 1951–1952. They were designated EP03 class according to PKP system, and numbered EP03-01 to EP03-08. Their main purpose was operating light passenger and freight trains.

## Locomotive assignment

| Locomotive numbers | Operator | Remarks |
| 01 | Sucha Beskidzka | |

### Withdrawal

The EP03 locomotives were in service until about 1970; the last of the class was withdrawn in 1974.

### Present use

The only locomotive in operation is EP03-01, preserved in the railway museum in Chabówka.
# Evan Stamer

Evan Stamer (born 2001) is an American racing driver. He currently competes in the U.S. F2000 National Championship with Ignite Autosport w/ Cape Motorsports.

## Racing record
### Career summary

| Season | Series | Team | Races | Wins | Poles | F/Laps | Podiums | Points | Position |
| 2021 | U.S. F2000 National Championship | Ignite Autosport w/ Cape Motorsports | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 19th |
*Season still in progress.

## Motorsports career results
### American open-wheel racing results
#### U.S. F2000 National Championship

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) (Races with * indicate most race laps led)
| Year | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | Rank | Points |
| 2021 | Ignite Autosport with Cape Motorsports | ALA 19 | ALA 21 | STP 23 | STP 20 | IMS 17 | IMS 23 | IMS 19 | LOR 16 | ROA 18 | ROA 11 | MOH 16 | MOH 15 | MOH 24 | NJMP 18 | NJMP 16 | NJMP 20 | MOH 22 | MOH 11 | 19th | 65 |
# PKP class OKl27

PKP class OKl27 is a class of ordinary passenger (O) tank (K) 2-6-2 (l) steam locomotives designed in 1927 for Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways, PKP). It was the first completely Polish construction. The design was prepared by eng. Bryling.

## History
### Production

Hipolit Cegielski Metal Works in Poznań produced 122 engines in the period of 1928–1933.

### Operation

The OKl27 class serviced mainly local transport, especially suburban lines.

### Wartime

After the German invasion of Poland in World War II, 107 of the 122 OKl27 locomotives were taken into the Deutsche Reichsbahn fleet as 75 1201 to 75 1307. The remaining 15 were taken into the stock of the Soviet Railways; all but two of which came into German hands and were renumbered 75 1308 to 75 1320.
After the war, most locomotives were restored to Poland and renumbered. While the post-war class remained the same, locomotives were renumbered at random, so a locomotive's pre- and post war identities are (usually) completely different.

### Preservation

Four engines have survived:
* OKl27-10 in Skierniewice (as an exhibit),
* OKl27-26 in Warsaw Railroad Museum (as an exhibit),
* OKl27-27 in Gdynia (as an exhibit), and
* OKl27-41 in Chabówka.
# PKP class SM15

The SM15 (factory designation 12D) is a Polish diesel shunter used by PKP and industry — where it carried the designation Ls750H. It is based on the Soviet ТГМ3 (TGM3) locomotive.

## History

Between the years 1963–1966, a total of 56 locomotives had been produced — 27 of which were used by PKP. Of the latter 27, the first two units (SM15-01 and SM15-02) were built at the Людиновский тепловозостроительный завод (en: Lyudinovo Diesel Locomotive Factory) and exported to Poland. Production then resumed at the Fablok factory in Chrzanów where the remaining 25 units, earmarked for PKP, were built.
The newly built SM15s were assigned to the depot in Kraków Płaszów, before being withdrawn from service in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the SM42 series replaced them. Despite their relatively short operational history, the engineers who drove the locomotives remember them as being very powerful machines.

## Technical data

The SM15 is equipped with a Soviet 550 kW diesel engine (a number of SM15s had Polish V12CD9 engines installed, rather than the Soviet variant) with hydromechanical transmission. Certain models destined for use in industry had hydraulic transmission, and these carried the designation Ls750Hu. The SM15 is a B′B′ locomotive, which means that the unit runs on two bogies, with all axles powered.
The main reason behind the SM15's short operational lifespan was the unreliability of its transmission and power units.

## Preserved Units

Currently, there are three known examples of the SM15 in preservation:
* SM15-17 is an exhibit at the Warsaw Railway Museum
* SM15-22 has been kept back as a monument at the Technical Rail College in Tarnowskie Góry