# 1995 Hong Kong legislative election

The 1995 Hong Kong Legislative Council election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) was held on 17 September 1995. It was the first, and only, fully elected legislative election in the colonial period before transferring Hong Kong's sovereignty to China two years later. The elections returned 20 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee constituency who were elected by all District Board members.
In consequence of Governor Chris Patten's constitutional reforms, which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government, the nine newly created functional constituencies enfranchised around 2.7 million new voters. As the tensions between Britain and China went on, Hong Kong became rapidly politicised. Party politics was getting in shape as the Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), the pro-business Liberal Party, the pro-democracy Democratic Party and the middle-class and professional oriented Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) were set up and filled their candidates in the election.
The pro-democracy forces won another landslide victory after the 1991 Legislative Council elections, sweeping 16 of the 20 directly elected seats in which the Democratic Party alone took 12 directly elected seats. The Democrats returned to the legislature with a total number of 19 seats, far ahead of the Liberal Party's 10, the DAB 6 and the pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood's (ADPL) 4 seats. ADPL young candidate Bruce Liu also defeated DAB chairman Tsang Yok-sing in Kowloon Central, along with many other DAB main candidates being defeated by pro-democrats.
The pro-democrats controlled about half of the seats in the legislature and supported moderate Andrew Wong to become President of the Legislative Council. Since Beijing overthrew the promise of "through train" which guaranteed the legislature could travel through 1997 as the reaction to Chris Patten's reform, the legislature lasted for only 21 months and was replaced by the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council after the handover of Hong Kong, becoming the only pro-democracy legislature in history.

## Background

The electoral bases were largely expanded under the 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform carried out by the last colonial governor Chris Patten as the last step of democratisation as following:
* Using the "single seat, single constituency" method for all three tiers of geographical constituency elections to the District Boards, Municipal Councils (Urban and Regional Council) and Legislative Council;
* Lowering the minimum voting age from 21 to 18;
* Abolishing all appointed seats on the District Boards and Municipal Councils;
* Removing all the restrictions on local deletes to China's National People's Congress to stand for election;
* Broadening the franchise of certain existing functional constituencies by replacing corporate voting with individual voting;
* Introducing nine new functional constituency seats; and
* The introduction of an Election Committee of District Board members, which would return 10 members to the Legislative Council using the single transferable vote.
New nine functional constituencies with much larger eligible electorates was created to broaden the franchise to 2.7 million new voters:
* Primary Production, Power and Construction
* Textiles and Garment
* Manufacturing
* Import and Export
* Wholesale and Retail
* Hotels and Catering
* Transport and Communication
* Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
* Community, Social and Personal Services

## Overview

The United Democrats of Hong Kong and the Meeting Point, the two major pro-democracy forces had merged into the Democratic Party in 1994, while the pro-business legislators had formed the Liberal Party in 1993 and the pro-Chinese government politicians established the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), today's largest political party.
Solicitor Ambrose Lau, in the direction of the New China News Agency founded the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance which consisted of mostly pro-business factor of the CCP's united front. Other grassroots leaders were also encouraged by the CCP to stand in the election against the pro-democracy camp.
Succeeding the last election in 1991, Democratic Party, together with other smaller parties, groups and independents in the pro-democracy camp, had another landslide victory again, getting 16 of the 20 geographical constituency seats. Allen Lee, the Chairman of the Liberal Party and the Appointed Member in the LegCo got elected in the geographical constituency direct election. The Chairman of the DAB, Tsang Yok-sing however got defeated by Bruce Liu of pro-democracy Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood in Kowloon Central.
The Government of the People's Republic of China overthrew the promise of the "through train" (letting the members elected in the 1995 election travel safely through 1997 and beyond) and set up the Provisional Legislative Council in 1996, after the proposal package of electoral changes for the 1995 Legislative Council elections that was deemed unconstitutional by the PRC was passed in the Legislative Council.

## General outcome

Overall Summary of the 7 September 1995 Legislative Council of Hong Kong election results :
| Political Affiliation | Political Affiliation | Political Affiliation | Geographical constituencies | Geographical constituencies | Geographical constituencies | Functional constituencies | Functional constituencies | Functional constituencies | Election Committee seats | Total seats |
| Political Affiliation | Political Affiliation | Political Affiliation | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Election Committee seats | Total seats |
| | | Democratic Party | 385,428 | 42.26 | 12 | 62,907 | 14.47 | 5 | 2 | 19 |
| | | Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood | 87,072 | 9.55 | 2 | − | − | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| | | Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions | − | − | − | 42,565 | 9.79 | 1 | − | 1 |
| | | United Ants | 18,551 | 2.03 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 |
| | | Democratic Labour Alliance | − | − | − | 33,596 | 7.73 | 0 | − | 0 |
| | | Independent and others | 66,464 | 7.29 | 2 | 60,602 | 13.94 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| Total for pro-democracy camp | Total for pro-democracy camp | Total for pro-democracy camp | 557,515 | 61.13 | 16 | 199,670 | 45.93 | 10 | 3 | 29 |
| | | Liberal Party | 15,216 | 1.67 | 1 | 74,355 | 17.10 | 9 | 0 | 10 |
| | | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong | 142,801 | 15.66 | 2 | 42,767 | 9.84 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| | | Hong Kong Progressive Alliance | 25,964 | 2.85 | 0 | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| | | Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong | 11,572 | 1.27 | 0 | 4,986 | 1.15 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions | − | − | − | 21,836 | 5.02 | 1 | − | 1 |
| | | New Hong Kong Alliance | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | − | 1 |
| | | Independent and others | 90,495 | 9.92 | 0 | 64,499 | 14.84 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| Total for pro-Beijing parties | Total for pro-Beijing parties | Total for pro-Beijing parties | 286,048 | 31.37 | 3 | 208,443 | 41.34 | 16 | 5 | 24 |
| | Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions | Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions | − | − | − | 533 | 0.12 | 1 | − | 1 |
| | 123 Democratic Alliance | 123 Democratic Alliance | − | − | − | − | − | − | 1 | 1 |
| | Civil Force | Civil Force | 27,841 | 3.05 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| | Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates | Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates | 3,979 | 0.44 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 |
| | Pioneer | Pioneer | 2,594 | 0.28 | 0 | − | − | − | − | 0 |
| | Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council | Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council | − | − | − | 262 | 0.06 | 0 | − | 0 |
| | Non-affiliated Independent and others | Non-affiliated Independent and others | 33,974 | 3.73 | 1 | 25,798 | 5.93 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| Total (turnout 35.80%) | Total (turnout 35.80%) | Total (turnout 35.80%) | 911,951 | 100.00 | 20 | 434,706 | 100.00 | 30 | 10 | 60 |

### Vote summary

Popular vote
Democratic
42.26%
DAB
15.66%
ADPL
9.55%
Civil Force
3.05%
PA
2.85%
United Ants
2.03%
Liberal
1.64%
LDF
1.27%
ACE
0.44%
Pioneer
0.28%
Independents
22.95% :

### Seat summary

Seats
Democratic
31.67%
Liberal
16.67%
DAB
10.00%
ADPL
6.67%
PA
1.67%
LDF
1.67%
CTU
1.67%
FTU
1.67%
FLU
1.67%
NHKA
1.67%
Independents
25.00% :

## Result breakdown
### Geographical Constituencies

| Constituency | Candidates | Affiliation | Votes | % |
| LC1 Hong Kong Island Central | 1 Peggy Lam Pei | Independent | 14,437 | 34.67 |
| LC1 Hong Kong Island Central | 2 Christine Loh Kung-wai | Independent | 27,199 | 65.33 |
| LC2 Hong Kong Island East | 1 Choy So-yuk | HKPA | 14,119 | 27.37 |
| LC2 Hong Kong Island East | 2 Martin Lee Chu-ming | Democratic | 37,459 | 72.28 |
| LC3 Hong Kong Island South | 1 Cheng Kai-nam | DAB | 29,910 | 47.64 |
| LC3 Hong Kong Island South | 2 Yeung Sum | Democratic | 32,875 | 52.36 |
| LC4 Hong Kong Island West | 1 Huang Chen-ya | Democratic | 31,156 | 66.32 |
| LC4 Hong Kong Island West | 2 Guy Lam Kwok-hung | ACE | 3,979 | 8.47 |
| LC4 Hong Kong Island West | 3 Lam Kin-lai | HKPA | 11,845 | 25.21 |
| LC5 Kowloon Central | 1 Jasper Tsang Yok-sing | DAB | 16,691 | 42.94 |
| LC5 Kowloon Central | 2 Liu Sing-lee | ADPL | 22,183 | 57.06 |
| LC6 Kowloon North-east | 1 Mak Hoi-wah | Democratic | 23,201 | 47.23 |
| LC6 Kowloon North-east | 2 Chan Yuen-han | DAB/FTU | 25,922 | 52.77 |
| LC7 Kowloon East | 1 Elsie Tu | Independent | 23,855 | 44.60 |
| LC7 Kowloon East | 2 Szeto Wah | Democratic | 29,627 | 55.40 |
| LC8 Kowloon South-east | 1 Tam Yiu-chung | DAB/FTU | 29,009 | 49.05 |
| LC8 Kowloon South-east | 2 Li Wah-ming | Democratic | 30,133 | 50.95 |
| LC9 Kowloon South | 1 Lau Chin-shek | Democratic/CTU | 26,827 | 69.86 |
| LC9 Kowloon South | 2 Wong Siu-yee | LDF | 11,572 | 30.14 |
| LC10 Kowloon South-west | 1 Helen Chung Yee-fong | Independent | 1,482 | 5.53 |
| LC10 Kowloon South-west | 2 James To Kun-sun | Democratic | 17,731 | 66.17 |
| LC10 Kowloon South-west | 3 Kingsley Sit Ho-yin | Independent | 2,656 | 9.91 |
| LC10 Kowloon South-west | 4 Daniel Wong Kwok-tung | ADPL | 4,929 | 18.39 |
| LC11 Kowloon West | 1 Wong Yin-ping | Independent | 1,778 | 4.13 |
| LC11 Kowloon West | 2 Frederick Fung Kin-kee | ADPL | 28,996 | 67.37 |
| LC11 Kowloon West | 3 Fu Shu-wan | Independent | 12,264 | 28.50 |
| LC12 New Territories Central | 1 Albert Chan Wai-yip | Democratic | 25,303 | 74.79 |
| LC12 New Territories Central | 2 Ng Wai-kwong | Independent | 4,097 | 12.11 |
| LC12 New Territories Central | 3 Tam Tai-on | Independent | 4,433 | 13.10 |
| LC13 New Territories North-west | 1 Zachary Wong Wai-yin | Democratic | 21,527 | 50.07 |
| LC13 New Territories North-west | 2 Tang Siu-tong | Independent | 21,470 | 49.93 |
| LC14 New Territories North | 1 Cheung Hon-chung | DAB | 17,026 | 50.07 |
| LC14 New Territories North | 2 Wong Sing-chi | Democratic | 16,978 | 49.93 |
| LC15 New Territories North-east | 1 Allen Lee Peng-fei | Liberal | 15,216 | 34.82 |
| LC15 New Territories North-east | 2 Law Yuk-kai | United Ants | 4,723 | 10.81 |
| LC15 New Territories North-east | 3 Cheung Hok-ming | DAB | 12,256 | 28.04 |
| LC15 New Territories North-east | 4 Cheung Wing-fai | Democratic | 11,507 | 26.33 |
| LC16 New Territories South-east | 1 Andrew Wong Wang-fat | Independent | 23,666 | 47.83 |
| LC16 New Territories South-east | 2 William Wan Hon-cheung | DAB | 11,987 | 24.23 |
| LC16 New Territories South-east | 3 Harold Ko Ping-chung | United Ants | 13,828 | 27.95 |
| LC17 New Territories East | 1 Lau Kong-wah | Civil Force | 27,841 | 41.49 |
| LC17 New Territories East | 2 Emily Lau Wai-hing | Independent | 39,265 | 58.51 |
| LC18 New Territories South | 1 Hui Chiu-fai | Independent | 8,179 | 22.21 |
| LC18 New Territories South | 2 Sin Chung-kai | Democratic | 26,048 | 70.74 |
| LC18 New Territories South | 3 Lam Chi-leung | Pioneer | 2,594 | 7.05 |
| LC19 New Territories South-west | 1 Lee Wing-tat | Democratic | 29,801 | 65.35 |
| LC19 New Territories South-west | 2 Ting Yin-wah | ADPL | 15,798 | 34.65 |
| LC20 New Territories West | 1 Chan Wan-sang | Independent (NTWRA) | 6,152 | 13.21 |
| LC20 New Territories West | 2 Ho Chun-yan | Democratic | 25,255 | 54.23 |
| LC20 New Territories West | 3 Yim Tin-sang | ADPL | 15,166 | 32.56 |

### Functional Constituencies

| Constituency | Candidates | Affiliation | Votes | % |
| A Primary Production, Power and Construction | 11 Tsang Kin-shing | Democratic | 11,592 | 40.93 |
| A Primary Production, Power and Construction | 12 Ho Sai-chu | Independent | 5,366 | 18.95 |
| A Primary Production, Power and Construction | 13 Poon To-chuen | DAB | 7,493 | 26.46 |
| A Primary Production, Power and Construction | 14 Tong Yat-chu | Independent (NHKA) | 3,871 | 13.67 |
| B Textiles and Garments | 21 Cheng Ming-kit | LDF | 2,638 | 12.45 |
| B Textiles and Garments | 22 Leung Yiu-chung | Independent (NWSC) | 10,472 | 49.44 |
| B Textiles and Garments | 23 Ng Ching-man | Independent (KCO) | 2,957 | 13.96 |
| B Textiles and Garments | 24 Chan Kwok-keung | Independent (FTU) | 5,116 | 24.15 |
| C Manufacturing | 31 Chan Ming-yiu | Independent | 4,931 | 11.21 |
| C Manufacturing | 32 Lee Cheuk-yan | CTU/DLA | 30,510 | 69.38 |
| C Manufacturing | 33 Leung Fu-wah | FTU | 8,535 | 19.41 |
| D Import and Export | 41 Henry Tang Ying-yen | Liberal | 24,997 | 61.67 |
| D Import and Export | 42 Kwan Lim-ho | Independent (PAS) | 15,539 | 38.33 |
| E Wholesale and Retail | 51 Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee | Liberal | 23,357 | 68.05 |
| E Wholesale and Retail | 52 Wong Kwok-hing | DAB | 10,965 | 31.95 |
| F Hotels and Catering | 61 Chiang Sai-cheong | Independent (KCO) | 5,176 | 28.48 |
| F Hotels and Catering | 62 Li Hon-shing | Independent | 3,393 | 18.67 |
| F Hotels and Catering | 63 Chan Wing-chan | DAB | 5,614 | 30.89 |
| F Hotels and Catering | 64 Tommy Cheung Yu-yan | Liberal | 3,991 | 21.96 |
| G Transport and Communication | 71 Cheng Kai-ming | Independent | 2,324 | 5.37 |
| G Transport and Communication | 72 Miriam Lau Kin-yee | Liberal | 14,233 | 32.89 |
| G Transport and Communication | 73 Ip Kwok-fun | CTU | 12,055 | 27.86 |
| G Transport and Communication | 74 Cheuk Siu-yee | FTU | 12,617 | 29.16 |
| G Transport and Communication | 75 Cheung Pak-chi | Independent | 2,042 | 4.72 |
| H Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services | 81 Ng Kam-chun | LDF | 2,348 | 3.63 |
| H Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services | 82 Andrew Cheng Kar-foo | Democratic | 25,658 | 39.68 |
| H Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services | 83 Chan Yuk-cheung | Independent | 10,514 | 16.26 |
| H Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services | 84 Chan Yim-kwong | Liberal | 5,771 | 8.92 |
| H Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services | 85 Tony Chan Tung-ngok | Independent | 1,699 | 2.63 |
| H Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services | 86 Fung Chi-kin | DAB | 18,674 | 28.88 |
| I Community, Social and Personal Services | 91 Elizabeth Wong Chien Chi-lien | Independent | 40,649 | 41.75 |
| I Community, Social and Personal Services | 92 Kwok Yuen-hon | Independent | 14,452 | 14.84 |
| I Community, Social and Personal Services | 93 Brian Kan Ping-chee | Independent | 6,290 | 6.46 |
| I Community, Social and Personal Services | 94 Michael Siu Yin-ying | DLA | 33,596 | 34.50 |
| I Community, Social and Personal Services | 95 Fan Kwok-wah | Independent | 2,386 | 2.45 |
| J Commercial (First) | 201 Paul Cheng Ming-fun | Independent | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| K Commercial (Second) | 211 Philip Wong Yu-hong | NHKA | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| L Industrial (First) | 221 James Tien Pei-chun | Liberal | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| M Industrial (Second) | 231 Ngai Shiu-kit | Liberal | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| N Finance | 241 David Li Kwok-po | Independent | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| O Labour (2 seats) | 251 Lee Kai-ming | FLU | 533 | 33.56 |
| O Labour (2 seats) | 252 Cheng Yiu-tong | FTU | 684 | 43.07 |
| O Labour (2 seats) | 253 John Luk Woon-cheung | Independent | 109 | 6.86 |
| O Labour (2 seats) | 254 Lee Kwok-keung | TUC | 262 | 16.50 |
| P Social Welfare | 261 Law Chi-kwong | Democratic | 1,115 | 64.08 |
| P Social Welfare | 262 Chow Wing-sun | Independent | 625 | 35.92 |
| Q Tourism | 271 Hau Suk-kei | Independent | 175 | 29.76 |
| Q Tourism | 272 Howard Young | Liberal | 413 | 70.24 |
| R Real Estate and Construction | 281 Ronald Joseph Arculli | Liberal | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| S Financial Services | 291 Chen Po-sum | Independent | 243 | 40.10 |
| S Financial Services | 292 Chim Pui-chung | Independent | 363 | 59.90 |
| T Medical | 301 Cecilia Young Yau-yau | Independent | 135 | 5.39 |
| T Medical | 302 Edward Leong Che-hung | Independent | 2,371 | 94.61 |
| U Education | 311 Leung Siu-tong | Independent | 4,496 | 18.69 |
| U Education | 312 Cheung Man-kwong | Democratic | 19,558 | 81.31 |
| V Legal | 321 Margaret Ng | Independent | 723 | 54.52 |
| V Legal | 322 Alfred Donald Yap | Independent | 444 | 33.48 |
| V Legal | 323 Li Wai-ip | Independent | 159 | 11.99 |
| W Engineering | 331 Samuel Wong Ping-wai | Independent | 1,382 | 62.70 |
| W Engineering | 332 Raymond Ho Chung-tai | Independent | 822 | 37.30 |
| X Health Services | 341 Alice Pong Tso Shing-yuk | Liberal | 1,116 | 18.34 |
| X Health Services | 342 Michael Ho Mun-ka | Democratic | 4,968 | 81.66 |
| Y Accountancy | 351 Edward Chow Kwong-fai | Liberal | 477 | 22.17 |
| Y Accountancy | 352 Eric Li Ka-cheung | Independent | 1,376 | 63.94 |
| Y Accountancy | 353 Peter Chan Po-fun | Independent | 299 | 13.89 |
| Z Architectural, Surveying and Planning | 361 Edward Ho Sing-tin | Liberal | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| Urban Council | 1 Mok Ying-fan | ADPL | Uncontested | Uncontested |
| Regional Council | 1 Alan Tam King-wah | Democratic | 16 | 43.24 |
| Regional Council | 2 Ngan Kam-chuen | DAB | 21 | 56.16 |
| Rural | 1 Lau Wong-fat | Independent (Liberal) | Uncontested | Uncontested |

### Election Committee Constituency

| Candidates | Affiliation | Value of votes |
| 1 Yeung Fuk-kwong | Independent (UFSP) | 0 |
| 2 Lee York-fai | Independent | 0 |
| 3 Fung Kwong-chung | Independent | 0 |
| 4 Lo Suk-ching | Independent | 26 |
| 5 Choy Kan-pui | Independent (CF) | 26 |
| 6 Cheung Bing-leung | Democratic | 26 |
| 7 Lau Hon-chuen | HKPA | 26 |
| 8 Chan Kam-lam | DAB | 26 |
| 9 Leung Kwong-cheong | ADPL | 0 |
| 10 Law Cheung-kwok | ADPL | 26 |
| 11 Ip Kwok-him | DAB | 26 |
| 12 John Tse Wing-ling | Democratic | 26 |
| 13 David Chu Yu-lin | LDF | 26 |
| 14 Yuen Bun-keung | Democratic | 0 |
| 15 Mark Lin | Liberal | 0 |
| 16 Louis Leung Wing-on | Independent | 0 |
| 17 Yum Sin-ling | 123DA | 26 |
| 18 Paul Chan Sing-kong | Independent | 0 |