OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PKP class ET41

ET41 (manufacturer's designation: HCP 203E) is the name for a Polish electric locomotive used by the Polish railway operator (PKP). Three such locomotives were briefly rented to the Croatian Railways between 1995 and 1996 and were given the designation HŽ series 1081 there.

## History

ET41 is a modification of the EU07 locomotive, and was designed for the purpose of heavy cargo transport. It is made of two connected bodies of EU07, minus the cabs at the inner ends.

### Introduction

The design for this machine was ready in 1976. Basically it consists of two EU07 locomotives but with two driver's cabs removed. Two locos are semi-permanently coupled in multiple operation. Because of this, the current collection must be done independently for each section.

### Production

Production started in 1977 and continued until 1983. A total number of 200 double-locomotives were produced.
| Locomotives numbers | Producer | Years of production | Quantity |
| 001 - 200 | Cegielski Poznań | 1977–1983 | 200 |

### Notable events

For some time number 100 carried a special white-red livery and was used on the special PZPR (Polish communist party) trains.
Half-locomotives 036B, 088A and 116A have been rebuilt as PKP EU07-537, EU07-544 and PKP EU07-545 respectively. This has required cabs to be built at the back end.

### Present day

ET41 are mainly used for coal transport from Upper Silesia to the ports of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Szczecin. Seldom are those locomotives used for hauling passenger trains. In 2016, PKP Cargo decided to send some ET41 locomotives for major repair and modernization to Ostrów Wielkopolski. The locomotives received overhauled electrical equipment, bogies, and traction motors, as well as revamped driver's cabs. The first locomotive to be modernized, ET41-006, was shown off on 14 October 2016.
# PKP class EU20

The EU20 is an electric locomotive type formerly operated by the Polish State Railways (PKP) in Poland.

## History

In production for a mere three years (1955–1958), the series was built at the Lokomotivbau Elektrotechnische Werke works — commonly shortened to LEW — in Hennigsdorf, East Germany. During this time, 34 units were produced with the intention for use as a mixed-traffic locomotive – hence its EU designation – though the reality is that the EU20 saw more use as a freight locomotive than a passenger one. EU20s were the first electric locomotives to be used on the route between Warsaw and Silesia.
The class gained notoriety for its frequent breakdowns due to overheating of resistors, and the lack of additional cooling facilities found in other locomotives.

## Technical data

Mechanically, the EU20 was identical to the earlier EU04 (also built by LEW), sharing the same traction engines, rectifiers, and gas compressors.

## Operational history

During the series' 26-year service, most units were assigned to the Piotrków Trybunalski depot. EU20s were withdrawn over a 6-year period, beginning in 1976, with the last locomotive being withdrawn in 1981.

## Preservation

EU20-24 has been preserved as an exhibit at the Warsaw Railway Museum, and is the only surviving example from the series.
# PKP class Pm36

PKP class Pm36 is a class of two express passenger (P) 4-6-2 (m) steam locomotives ordered in 1936 for the Polskie Koleje Państwowe (Polish State Railways).

## History
### Design

The design was ready in 1936, and in the following year, the first two prototypes were built. One of them, Pm36-1, had aerodynamic fairing. The construction as well as the shape of it was designed by inz. Kazimierz Zembrzuski, head of the design office in the First Polish Factory of Locomotives and at the same time professor of the Warsaw University of Technology. The other (Pm36-2) had a standard look. The idea was to test both engines in parallel to compare top speed, acceleration, coal and water consumption etc. The Pm36-1 won a gold medal at the 1937 International Exposition of Art and Technology in Paris.

### Service

After the German occupation of Poland during World War II, the two locomotives were renumbered into the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DRB) fleet as 18 601 and 18 602 (class 18$^6$). The 18 601 had its streamlining removed, but was later damaged and subsequently scrapped (probably in 1942). The 18 602 survived the war, and was returned to Poland where it regained its PKP class and number. It continued to work for PKP until 1965, when it was given to the Warsaw Railway Museum.

### Present day

In 1995, the machine went through a major overhaul and is now working in Wolsztyn as a tourist attraction, called Beautiful Helen (pl. Piękna Helena). It is occasionally used in regular service, pulling trains to Poznań or Leszno. Currently, Beautiful Helena waits for repair in Wolsztyn.

## Gallery

* Pm36 with aerodynamic fairing, World Expo 1937
* Pm36 model with aerodynamic fairing, World Expo 1939
# PKP class SP45

SP45 is the name for a Polish diesel locomotive. It was built for the purpose of passenger traffic. No operating examples of this loco remain. All have been phased out or rebuilt into SU45.

## History

In the early 1960s in Poland an urgent need became apparent to introduce locomotives capable of servicing passenger traffic on main and secondary rail routes. The number of steam locomotives was shrinking and electrification was far too slow to introduce electric locos on a large scale.

### Prototypes

In the second half of the 1960s a few models of a new locomotive, with Co-Co bogies and electric transmission, were built at the Hipolit Cegielski Metal Works in Poznań. In general, all prototypes differed by engine-alternator combination. The final decision was to use a Fiat-licensed engine and an Alsthom-licensed alternator.

### Introduction

The first locos were assigned to the Poznań railway district, and on successfully passing the necessary tests, they entered service in Warsaw. Between 1970 and 1976, a total number of 265 locomotives were produced. This type served on all main routes in Poland

### Production

| Locomotive numbers | Producer | Production years | Quantity |
| 001 - 268 | Cegielski (Poznań) | 1970–1976 | 268 |

### Present days

All locomotives of this type were rebuilt into SU45 (with a new heating system) or phased out.

## Locomotive assignment

| Locomotives numbers | Operator | Remarks |
| 139 | Kościerzyna - heritage park | as an exhibit |

## Nicknames

These locomotives used to be called the following names:
* Fiat - because of diesel engine licensed by Fiat
* Suka (eng. bitch) - from the two first letters of the code name (SUka - after conversion to SU45 class)
# PKP class ST43

ST43 is the name for a Romanian diesel locomotive, produced by Electroputere, exported to and operating in Poland. It was made for the purpose of heavy transport.

## History

In the early 1960s a need appeared in Poland for urgent introduction of locos able to haul heavy freight. This was caused mainly by the intensification of transport on south–north line, especially from the Silesian coal mines to Szczecin and Świnoujście harbours. Lack of experience in building diesel locos for that purpose was the reason why the first ones had to be bought from Romania.

### Introduction

In March 1965 first 30 items of 060DA locomotives (factory number of ST43) were introduced into Poznań and Szczecin, according to agreement with Romanian producer. Good results of tests allowed next deliveries to be brought to Poland. Until 1978 a total number of 422 locomotives were operating in Poland.

### Production

| Locomotives numbers | Producer | Years of production | Quantity |
| 001 - 422 | Electroputere | 1965–1978 | 422 |

### Present days

In the 1990s, the ST43 appeared to be no longer necessary as most of the tracks serviced by it were electrified. Most of the units were withdrawn, the rest were sent for use on passenger and light transport trains.

## Locomotive assignment

| Locomotives numbers | Operator | Remarks |
| 27 164 189 304 | Białystok | |
| 201 347 395 | Bydgoszcz | |
| 04 05 22 35 80 100 114 117 144 170 185 190 200 208 216 223 235 248 257 258 259 264 267 269 273 278 334 355 365 371 382 386 406 | Czerwieńsk | |
| 217 229 265 | Gdynia | |
| 19 68 97 116 177 218 221 227 228 239 290 320 329 339 340 341 345 375 380 388 389 398 399 400 402 404 408 415 416 417 | Nowy Sącz | |
| 69 128 275 292 318 327 333 336 344 349 | Olsztyn | |
| 21 55 142 174 214 231 253 255 260 274 277 381 403 | Poznań | |
| 72 137 187 224 361 | Skarżysko | |
| 83 103 165 193 195 199 338 357 | Szczecin | |
| 63 71 77 98 102 108 115 132 135 140 160 171 194 198 206 226 238 241 242 245 247 251 252 254 263 270 272 291 293 295 298 302 303 305 312 314 316 317 322 325 328 332 335 351 352 353 354 356 358 359 364 366 367 368 377 378 390 391 392 396 397 | Wrocław | |
| 407 413 414 422 | Żurawica | |
| 01 | Chabówka | For renovation in locomotive museum |
| 02 | Jaworzyna Śląska - heritage park | wreck |

## Nicknames

This loco used to be called by the following names:
* Rumun (en. Romanian) - from the country of origin.
# 2021 Anad airbase attack

vteYemeni crisis :
On August 29, 2021, Houthi militants carried out a missile and drone attack on Al Anad Air Base, used by the Southern Movement. The attack killed over 40 Yemeni soldiers and injured over 60 more.

## Background

Al Anad Air Base is the largest air base in Yemen, and had been targeted several times by the Houthis since the start of the Yemeni civil war. The base is located in Lahij Governorate, and has been under government and allied Southern Movement control since August 2015. In 2019, an attack by the Houthis on the airbase killed the head of the Yemeni Intelligence Agency and killed and injured several Yemeni soldiers.

## Attack

At the time of the attack, Yemeni soldiers of the Third Brigade of the al-Amaliqa Brigades of the Southern Movement were doing morning exercises. Houthi media stated that three missiles and drones struck the airbase, and witnesses stated that the scene was chaotic following the strike as soldiers carried their wounded comrades away in anticipation of another attack. Houthi missiles and drones also attacked other parts of the city of Anad.
A spokesman for the Yemeni government said that at least thirty soldiers were killed in the attack and sixty were injured, and that the death toll was likely to rise. Houthi media stated that over 40 soldiers were killed and at least 65 were injured. Medical sources in the area said they received bodies and sixteen wounded, although they did not say whether civilians were injured or killed.
# Barbara McLachlan

Barbara McLachlan is an American politician, educator, and former journalist serving as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives. She represents District 59, which covers Archuleta, La Plata, San Juan, and part of Montezuma counties.

## Early life and education

Hall McLachlan was born in Lakewood, Colorado. She received a bachelor's degree in journalism from Colorado State University, a bachelor's degree in English from Fort Lewis College, a master's degree in learning and teaching from Regis University, and a certificate in college counseling from the University of California, Los Angeles.

## Career

Prior to entering politics, McLachlan worked as a Durango High School and as an independent college consultant. She had previously worked as a journalist for the Durango Herald.
McLachlan was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2016, winning with 50.73% of the vote over incumbent Republican J. Paul Brown. McLachlan serves on the House Education Committee and the House Transportation & Energy Committee. She is the chair of the House Education Committee.

## Personal life

Her husband, Mike McLachlan, had previously served in the Colorado House of Representatives. She lives in Durango, Colorado and has two children.
# KZLB

KZLB (92.1 FM, "92 Rock") is a radio station that broadcasts out of Fort Dodge, Iowa, airing an active rock format. The station is owned by Alpha Media, through licensee Alpha 3E Licensee LLC.

## History

KZLB began broadcasting in 1990 under the KUEL call sign. It previously aired such formats as hot adult contemporary, active rock as "The Blaze" and classic rock as "The Eagle".
On October 3, 2019, KZLB changed their format from classic rock to active rock, branded as "92 Rock".
# Asen Nikolov (officer)

Asen Nikolov (Bulgarian: Асен Николов Николов; 12 September 1891 – 1946) was a Bulgarian Lieutenant-General who fought in World War II.

## Biography

He was born on 12 September 1891 in the town of Yambol. He graduated from the Military School in Sofia in 1912. From 1923 he served in the Varna coastal fortress. In 1934 he became head of the Artillery School in Sofia. From 1936 he was chief of the Artillery Department of the Second Military Inspection District and chief of the Air Defense of the Artillery Inspection.
In 1938 he was appointed commander of the 2nd Thracian Infantry Division. From 1941 he was commander of the Bulgarian 1st Occupation Corps which collaborated with the German Army in the Axis occupation of Serbia. When Bulgaria switched sides in the second World War, he was taken prisoner by the Germans on 4 September 1944. In October 1944, he refused to join the creation of a Bulgarian military unit to fight on the German side. In December he also refused to enter in the Anti-Communist government in exile of Alexander Tsankov. In the period December 1944 - May 1945 he was a prisoner of war in the Oflag-8 camp in Germany.
On 15 March 1945 he was sentenced in absentia to death by the Fourth Supreme Chamber of the People's Court of Bulgaria, but the Supreme Court of Cassation overturned the sentence because it had been proven he was a prisoner of war. After his return to Bulgaria, he was arrested and executed anyhow in 1946.

## Sources

* generals.dk
* the article in the Bulgarian Wikipedia, Асен Николов (генерал-лейтенант).
* boinaslava
# Miao Chunting

Miao Chunting (May 1919 – 17 September 2020, Chinese: 苗春亭) was a PRC politician. He was born in Shan County, Shandong Province.
He was twice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Committee of Guizhou (1959–1967, 1980–1993).

## Biography

In 1946, he assumed the role of secretary of the CPC Kuinan County Committee and chief editor of Jiluyu Daily. Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he held the positions of secretary of the CPC Zunyi Prefecture Committee in Guizhou, chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions of Guizhou Province, and secretary-general of the CCP Guizhou Provincial Committee, among others. In 1956, he assumed the role of chairman of the Guizhou Provincial People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). In 1973, he assumed the role of principal at the Party School of the Guizhou Provincial Committee, and in 1977, he was appointed deputy secretary of the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee. In January 1980, he was appointed chairman of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
He died in Guiyang, Guizhou on September 17, 2020.
# S. Maruti Rao

Shelkey Maruti Rao (25 April 1921–2000) was an Indian cinematographer who worked mainly in Tamil films.

## Career
### Cinematography

Rao was born in Thanjavur on 25 April 1921. He became interested in photography as a student. He carried his camera to school regularly. Impressed by his interest in photography, his neighbour, N. C. Pillai, the-then editor of Flash magazine, asked if he would be interested in joining cinema. With permission from his parents, Rao enlisted as an apprentice in Pragajothi Films in 1940 for Choodamani, a Telugu film. The film's main cinematographer was Mama Shinde.
Rao's next film was the Tamil film Kalamegam, directed by Ellis R. Dungan. He worked as assistant under Marcus Bartley. He later moved to Vel Pictures in Guindy and worked on the film Bhakthi Mala. The cinematographer was impressed with Rao's work, such that he took him on as first assistant and gave him the responsibility of handling the Mitchell camera.
After World War II, Rao joined Pragathi Studio and was the still photographer for Sri Valli, produced by A. V. Meiyappan. When Meiyappan moved to Karaikudi, Rao got to work as still photographer and first photographer for R. N. Nagendra Rao's Mahathma Kabir. When the film's German photographer left, Rao finished the film.
When Meiyappan returned from Karaikudi, Rao worked as second photographer and as manager of the still department. During the making of P. Neelakandan's Or Iravu, Rao worked for the first time as the main cinematographer and his cinematography received widespread acclaim. He went on to work in as many as 60 films: 34 in Tamil, 13 in Hindi, eight in Kannada and five in Telugu. He was the make-up test photographer for actors like Sivaji Ganesan, S. V. Subbiah, Vyjayanthimala and Hema Malini before they entered cinema.

### Other work

Besides cinematography, Rao produced several television serials and documentaries. He also served as an honorary member of Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission, and the Selection Committee Chairman for the Film and Television Institute of India.

## Select filmography

* Or Iravu (1951)
* Parasakthi (1952)
* Andha Naal (1954)
* Annai (1962)
* Kunkhumam (1963)
* Server Sundaram (1964)
* Anbe Vaa (1966)
* Enga Mama (1970)
# Joint Sword-2024

The Joint Sword-2024 (Chinese: 联合利剑2024), was a military exercise organized by the Eastern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to organize the land, sea, air, and rocket forces of the theatre of operations in the vicinity of Kinmen, Matsu Islands, and the Island of Taiwan.
The Eastern Theater Command of Operations conducted the initial round of military drills from May 23 to May 24, 2024, Beijing time. The second round was conducted from October 14 to 15, 2024, Beijing time.

## Operations
### Joint Sword-2024A (联合利剑—2024A)

The People's Liberation Army's Eastern Theater Command initiated joint exercises and training in the Taiwan Strait, the northern, southern, and eastern regions of the island of Taiwan, as well as the areas surrounding Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Wuqiu Island, and Dongyin Island, at 0745 hours on May 23, 2024. After the Joint Operations Command Center of the Eastern Theatre issued operational instructions, the East Sea Fleet's numerous frigate formations maneuvered at high velocities in multiple directions to the waters surrounding the island of Taiwan. The ships initiated combat deployment upon their scheduled arrival at the designated sea area. The Eastern Theater Command Air Force conducted systematic war patrols around Taiwan and the outer islands by deploying dozens of fighter aircraft. The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force provided support and cover for multi-model formations, which were fully loaded with live ammunition, as they flew to predetermined airspace to establish a number of strike positions.
On May 23, Li Xi, the spokesman for the Eastern Theater Command, stated that the separatist forces seeking "uniqueness" are "Taiwan independence" and are demonstrating strong discipline. He also issued a serious warning to external forces that are interfering with provocations. Li Xi then disclosed the use of weapons and equipment, including Chengdu J-20, Shenyang J-16, Type 052C destroyer, Type 071 amphibious transport dock, Dongfeng series missiles, and box-type long-range rockets.

### Joint Sword-2024B (联合利剑—2024B)

On October 14, the Eastern Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army has mobilized its army, navy, air force, and rocket force to conduct "Joint Sword-2024B" maneuvers in the Taiwan Strait, as well as the north, south, and east of the island of Taiwan.
# Kinnon Tatum

Kinnon Ray Tatum II (born July 19, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for two seasons with the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Panthers in the third round of the 1997 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Notre Dame and attended Douglas Byrd High School in Fayetteville, North Carolina. He was also a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
# Gary Emineth

Gary Lee Emineth (born October 24, 1958) is an American businessman and political figure. He is the former chairman of the North Dakota Republican Party and a former member of the Republican National Committee, having served in both positions from 2007 to 2010. Emineth served as an at-large delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention from North Dakota. Emineth served on the Washburn, North Dakota city council in the early 1980s and lost a bid for seat in the North Dakota House of Representatives in 1984.
In the 2010 election, he led the North Dakota Republican Party as every Republican candidate for statewide office won election, including US representative and US senator. During both of his terms as state party chairman, Republicans significantly increased their majorities in both houses of the state legislature.
On January 31, 2018, Emineth announced his intention to challenge Senator Heidi Heitkamp in the 2018 election. However, he withdrew from the race.
# Battle of Paranthan

vteSri Lankan civil war :
Main topics
Eelam War I
Indian intervention
Eelam War II
Eelam War III
Eelam War IV
Battles and operations
Bombings and terrorist attacks
Other military attacks
Mass graves
Chemmani
Duraiappa
Mirusuvil
Sooriyakanda
Massacres
Black July
Kokkilai massacre
1985 Valvettiturai
Kumudini
Akkaraipattu
Prawn farm
Eastern University
1990 Batticaloa
Massacre of policemen
1991 Kokkadichcholai
Air Lanka Flight 512
Jaffna lagoon
Aluth Oya massacre
Navaly
Nagerkovil-Allaipiddy
Vankalai
Central Bus Station bombing
Muttur
Kent and Dollar Farm
Anuradhapura
Aranthalawa
Kattankudi mosque
Palliyagodella
Lionair Flight 602
Kallarawa
October 1995
Gonagala
Kebithigollewa
Jaffna Hospital
Central Bank bombing
Dehiwala train bombing
1989 Valvettiturai
Habarana massacre :
The Battle of Paranthan was a military conflict over control of Paranthan, Sri Lanka between the 58 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) as an engagement of the Northern Theatre of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. Fought from December 30, 2008 to January 1, 2009, the Army announced on the January 1 that it had claimed the land. The Army indicated that it had previously claimed the town in September 1996 during the campaign of Sathjaya I and Sathjaya II, but had withdrawn for tactical reason in September 1998.