# Lima LS-1000

The A-3080 (LS-1000) is a diesel-electric switcher locomotive built between May 1949 and April 1950, by the Lima-Hamilton Corporation of Lima, Ohio, United States. The A-3080 is a 1,000 hp (750 kW) switcher, which became the standard for Lima's designs. By changing fuel rack settings, the A-3080 was upgraded to the A-3170, producing 1,200 horsepower (890 kW) from the same turbocharged Hamilton T89SA four-stroke, eight cylinder inline diesel engine, a Westinghouse generator and four Westinghouse traction motors provided the 74,508 lbf (331.43 kN) of tractive effort.
Lima-Hamilton never assigned a model number to their models but referred to them by specification numbers. Model designations such as LS-1000 were a railfan invention. Lima-Hamilton assigned A-3080 as the specification number for this particular unit.

## History

In 1946 Lima's Class 1 market prospects were bleak unless it could enter the diesel-electric locomotive field quickly, but they couldn't afford a full-scale development program. Lima was viewed as an attractive potential partner by other firms eager to enter the market. One proposal was from Fairbanks-Morse, since the five-year contract with General Electric to build road locomotives for Fairbanks-Morse would run out in 1949, and GE had no interest in renewing the contract since they were working with the American Locomotive Company (ALCO), and already had designs of their own for the road diesel market. Although all the details of the Fairbanks-Morse proposal are not known, it appears to have offered little more than a contract to assemble locomotives and that Fairbanks-Morse wanted a manufacturing facility, not a partner.
At the time, Lima was also conducting discussions with the General Machinery Corporation. One of the companies making up General Machinery Corporation was Hamilton Press and Machinery Company. One of Hamilton's products was a diesel engine for marine and stationary generator applications. On July 30, 1947, Lima Locomotive Works and General Machinery Corporation merged to form the Lima-Hamilton Corporation. Almost immediately there were differences in goals between management.
The General Machinery Corporation management wanted to terminate steam locomotive production, while the Lima management was still committed to the development of a 4-8-6 super steam locomotive, nicknamed "double-bubble" for its unique firebox, designed with poppet valves, to be a true competitor in the diesel market, the design of which began in 1929. By April 1949, the design was shelved, and Lima finished its final steam locomotives a month later. Chief Mechanical Officer Bert Townsend resigned in protest of the decision to scrap the plans to build steam locomotives.
The A-3080's similarity to the ALCO S-4 switcher may be more than a coincidence. Former ALCO engineer F. J. Geittman was hired by General Machinery Corporation prior to the merger with Lima to oversee their diesel locomotive project. His job was to develop a new prime mover, as the current Hamilton diesel engine was not suited for locomotive applications.
Hamilton engineers proved to be worthy counterparts to their Lima brethren. They realized from the start that high power-to-weight ratios yield no advantages for locomotives, since locomotives are traditionally weighted with ballast to obtain optimal adhesion. This allowed them to incorporate heavier crankshafts, bearings, connecting rods and other parts. Whereas the competition was experiencing road failures with their engines because they followed traditional design methods and used lightweight components.
On May 13, 1949, Lima-Hamilton unveiled its first diesel, A-3080 #1000, the first of five demonstrators #1000-1004. #1000 became Toledo, Peoria and Western #300, #1001 became American Rolling Mill Company #707, #1002 and 1003 became Wabash #400 and 407 respectively, and #1004 became Indian Hill and Iron Range #302.
In September 1951, Lima-Hamilton merged with Baldwin Locomotive Works forming Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton. Baldwin's primary interest was Lima's shovel and crane business which was expected to do well with the upcoming highway building boom. Lima-Hamilton's locomotive business was discontinued after the merger. Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton's locomotive fortunes declined as the rush by railroads to replace steam power subsided. B-L-H exited the new locomotive market in May 1956.

## Original owners

| Owner | Quantity | Road numbers |
| Armco Steel | 3 | 707 (ex-Lima-Hamilton demonstrator 1001), 708, 709 |
| Baltimore & Ohio Railroad | 10 | 330–339 |
| Erie Railroad | 10 | 650–659, to Erie Lackawanna in 1960, same numbers |
| Indian Hill and Iron Range | 1 | 302 (ex Lima-Hamilton demonstrator 1004) |
| New York Central Railroad | 6 | 8400–8405 |
| New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate Road) | 4 | 305-308 (305 first production A-3080) to Norfolk and Western in 1964, same numbers |
| Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway | 3 | 300 (ex Lima-Hamilton demonstrator 1000), 301, 302 |
| Wabash Railroad | 2 | 400, 407 (ex Lima-Hamilton demonstrators 1002 and 1003) to Norfolk and Western in 1964, same numbers |
| | 38 | |

## Preservation

The last extant A-3080, former ARMCO Steel 709, is operated by the Whitewater Valley Railroad