OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bayonne–Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port railway

The Bayonne - Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port railway is a French 52-kilometre long railway line, that connects the Bayonne to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, running through the foothills of the Pyrenees. The railway was opened fully in 1898.

## Route

The Bayonne - Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port railway leaves the Bayonne station in a southerly direction. It crosses the river Adour south of Bayonne town centre, and then splits with the Toulouse-Bayonne railway and Bordeaux-Irun railway. It continues through valleys within the Pyrenees until it reaches Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port station, its south-eastern terminus.

## History

The line opened in 3 sections between 1891 and 1898 as follows:
* Bayonne - Cambo-les-Bains on 19 January 1891
* Cambo-les-Bains - Ossès on 20 August 1892
* Ossès - Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port on 11 December 1898
Between 1930 and 1931 the line was electrified to 1.5 kV DC, however in May 2010 the line was de-electrified to reduce the costs of renewing the electrical equipment.
As of 2014 no trains run south from Cambo-les-Bains and a rail replacement bus service is used from this station onwards to SJPP. The rails are rusty and there are weeds growing up between the crossties. The line hugs a river valley and in places is only 20 feet above the Nive river. At one point, where the line crosses the river on a truss bridge, the ballast has been washed away over a distance of about 30 feet and the rail and crossties are suspended in mid-air. There is a collection of driftwood at this point; evidence of flood damage (probably at this location: 43.256303, -1.320315).
The line was reopened on November 22, 2015.

## Services

The Bayonne - Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port railway is used by the following passenger services:
* TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine regional services between Bayonne and Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port
# Ishaya Shekari

Air Vice Marshal Ishaya Aboi Shekari OON (born 30 August 1940) was the military Governor of Kano State from September 1978 to October 1979, during which he led the transition to the Second Nigerian Republic government of Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi.

## Early life

Shekari was born in Taligan (Magamia), Zangon Kataf to parents of Atyap heritage. He started his elementary education at a junior primary school in Zangon Kataf before moving to a middle in Zaria. He attended two senior primary schools before gaining admission to the Provincial Secondary School, Zaria where he completed his studies in 1962.
In 1962, he enlisted at the Nigerian Military Training College. In February 1963, he went on a flight training program in Canada under the administration of the Royal Canadian Air Force. From July, 1964 to June 1966, he trained in Germany. He was commissioned into the Nigerian Air Force as a pilot officer.

## Military career

* Officer, Nigerian Airforce Training Wing, (November 1966 - August 1967)
* Operations Officer, Nigerian Airforce Headquarters, Lagos (August 1967 - December 1968)
* Officer Commanding, Nigerian Air Force Wing of the Nigerian Defence Academy
* Senior Air Force Officer (Logistics), Nigerian Air Force Headquarters, Lagos
* Commander, Nigerian Air Force Logistics Group, Ikeja (1975 - 1977)
* Commander, 303 Flight Training Centre, Kano (1977 - 1978)

## Military governor

In 1978, Shekari succeeded Sani Bello as the military governor of Kano State. He was charged with ensuring a smooth transition from the military to a civilian administration. He was assisted in the capacity as military administrator by Isa Gambo-Dutse and Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, Secretary to the Military Government and Secretary to the Executive Council respectively, while Mohammed Sagagi was the Principal Secretary before presiding over the transfer of power to the civilian administration of Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi at the start of the Nigerian Second Republic.

## Later career

He later served as Minister of Special Duties during the administration of General Ibrahim Babangida and as administrator of the Federal Urban Mass Transit Programme. During the transition to the Third Nigerian Republic and took part in the organisation of the June 12 election, and was briefly the government appointed interim Chairman of the Social Democratic Party, he was later succeeded as chairman by Tony Anenih.
After retiring, Shekari entered business. In 1990 he was appointed a director of Diamond Bank. He became Chairman of Lion Bank of Nigeria, and a board member of companies such as Grand Cereals and Oil Mills. He is chairman and chief executive of Magami Holdings Ltd. He is also the chairman of Meristem Securities Limited.
# Gian Giordano Orsini

Gian Giordano Orsini, IV Lord of Bracciano (c. 1460–1517) was an Italian nobleman and condottiero. He married Felice della Rovere and was the son-in-law of Pope Julius II.

## Biography

Gian Giordano Orsini was born around 1460 in Bracciano. He was the son of Gentile Virginio Orsini, III Lord of Bracciano, and of his wife Isabella Orsini.
In 1482 he was captain of the papal army of Sixtus IV against the Duke of Calabria Alfonso II of Naples. He participated in the Battle of Campomorto alongside the famous Roberto Malatesta.
In 1495 he was captain of King Charles VIII of France against the Kingdom of Naples of King Ferrante and his son Alfonso. He was captured and released only after two years. In this period, some possessions of the Orsini family were assigned to the rival Colonna family.
Once free, he escaped an attack ordered by the Colonnas and took refuge in France, at the court of Louis XII.
In 1511 his father-in-law, Pope Julius II, negotiated a peace with the Colonnas and recalled Gian Giordano to Italy.
He died in Vicovaro on 12 October 1517.

## Issue

Gian Giordano Orsini married twice. In 1486 he married Maria Cecilia of Naples, an illegitimate daughter of King Ferrante of Naples by Eulalia Ravignani. They had one son and two daughters:
* Napoleone (1500–17 February 1534), condottiero, killed by his half-brother Girolamo.
* Francesca, who married Giovanni Cardona and later, in 1516, Lorenzo dell’Anguillara.
* Carlotta, who married Giantommaso Pico della Mirandola on 28 October 1519. They had three sons, Girolamo, Virginio and Giovanni Antonio, and a daughter, Maddalena.
In 1506 he married Felice della Rovere, illegitimate daughter of Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (from 1513 Pope Julius II)
They had three sons and two daughters:
* Giulia Orsini (1507–1537). She married Pietro Antonio Sanseverino, IV prince of Bisignano, and had two daughters, Eleonora "Dianora", poet and wife of Ferdinando de Alarcón y Mendoza; and Felicia, who married Antonio Orsini, V Duke of Gravina.
* Giulio Orsini (August 1508–1508). He lived only few months.
* Francesco Orsini (17 May 1512–April 1560). Bishop of Tricarico between 1539 and 1544.
* Girolamo Orsini (7 July 1513–3 November 1540), V Lord of Bracciano. He married Francesca Sforza di Santa Fiore, daughter of Bosio II Sforza, XI Count of Santa Fiora, and his wife Costanza Farnese, natural daughter of Pope Paulus III. They had a daughter, Felicia (1535–1596), who married Marcantonio II Colonna and had with him seven children, and a son, Paolo Giordano I Orsini, who married first Isabella de' Medici and had with her a daughter, Francesca Eleonora, and a son, Virginio; and later married Vittoria Accoramboni, without issue.
* Clarice Orsini (1514–before 1562). She married Luigi Carafa della Stadera and had a son, Antonio.

## Honours

* Order of the Ermine - 1487
* Order of Saint Michael
# Iovino

Iovino is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Pam Iovino, American politician
* Salvatore Iovino (born 1983), American stock car racing driver
* Sandro Iovino (born 1939), Italian actor
* Serenella Iovino, Italian philosopher, and cultural and literary theorist
# Nutter Fork

Nutter Fork is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
The community was named after one Mr. Nutter, a pioneer who settled there.
# Vladimir Shishkin (hurdler)

Vladimir Shishkin (Russian: Владимир Шишкин; born 12 January 1964) is a retired Russian athlete who specialised in the sprint hurdles. He competed at two Olympic Games as well as two World Championships. His best placings were fourth at the 1988 Olympics and sixth at the 1991 World Championships.
His personal bests are 13.21 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles (+1.8 m/s, Leningrad 1988) and 7.57 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Ghent 1990).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing the Soviet Union ||||||
| 1986 | Goodwill Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 7th | 110 m hurdles | 13.50 |
| 1988 | Olympic Games | Seoul, South Korea | 4th | 110 m hurdles | 13.51 |
| 1989 | European Indoor Championships | The Hague, Netherlands | 9th (sf) | 60 m hurdles | 7.78 |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 5th | 110 m hurdles | 13.55 |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 6th | 110 m hurdles | 13.39 |
| Representing Unified Team ||||||
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 18th (qf) | 110 m hurdles | 13.81 |
| Representing Russia ||||||
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 27th (h) | 110 m hurdles | 13.89 |
# Swimming at the 2022 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

The Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay competition of the 2022 European Aquatics Championships was held on 11 August 2022.

## Records

Before the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.
| | Team | Time | Location | Date |
| World record | Australia | 7:39.29 | Birmingham | 31 July 2022 |
| European record | Great Britain | 7:45.51 | Rome | 30 July 2009 |
| Championship record | Italy | 7:50.53 | Berlin | 21 August 2014 |

## Results
### Heats

The heats were held at 10:15.
| Rank | Lane | Nation | Swimmers | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Hungary | Lilla Minna Ábrahám (1:59.52) Zsuzsanna Jakabos (2:00.21) Ajna Késely (1:59.60) Dóra Molnár (2:01.72) | 8:01.05 | Q |
| 2 | 8 | Netherlands | Imani de Jong (1:59.48) Janna van Kooten (2:00.57) Lotte Hosper (2:01.74) Silke Holkenborg (1:59.36) | 8:01.15 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Italy | Alice Mizzau (2:01.75) Linda Caponi (2:01.79) Noemi Cesarano (2:00.88) Antonietta Cesarano (2:00.87) | 8:05.29 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Poland | Aleksandra Knop (2:02.26) Wiktoria Guść (2:02.38) Marta Klimek (2:02.86) Aleksandra Polańska (1:58.52) | 8:06.02 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | France | Océane Carnez (2:02.09) Giulia Rossi-Bene (2:01.46) Marina Jehl (2:02.63) Lucile Tessariol (2:00.98) | 8:07.16 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | Germany | Julia Mrozinski (2:01.67) Zoe Vogelmann (2:02.85) Josephine Tesch (2:03.93) Chiara Klein (2:01.22) | 8:09.67 | Q |
| 7 | 7 | Great Britain | Freya Colbert (2:00.59) Lucy Hope (2:02.50) Tamryn van Selm (2:03.47) Holly Hibbott (2:04.02) | 8:10.58 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | Sweden | Sofia Åstedt (2:03.67) Hanna Bergman (2:03.13) Elvira Mörtstrand (2:03.23) Alicia Lundblad (2:04.59) | 8:14.62 | Q |
| | 0 | Austria | | Did not start | Did not start |

### Final

The final was held at 18:51.
| Rank | Lane | Nation | Swimmers | Time |
| | 5 | Netherlands | Imani de Jong (1:58.97) Silke Holkenborg (1:58.92) Janna van Kooten (1:59.92) Marrit Steenbergen (1:56.26) | 7:54.07 |
| | 1 | Great Britain | Freya Colbert (1:58.72) Lucy Hope (1:58.98) Medi Harris (2:00.01) Freya Anderson (1:57.02) | 7:54.73 |
| | 4 | Hungary | Nikolett Pádár (1:58.52) Katinka Hosszú (2:00.62) Ajna Késely (1:59.43) Lilla Minna Ábrahám (1:57.16) | 7:55.73 |
| 4 | 3 | Italy | Alice Mizzau (2:00.58) Linda Caponi (2:00.06) Noemi Cesarano (1:58.81) Antonietta Cesarano (1:59.38) | 7:58.83 |
| 5 | 7 | Germany | Julia Mrozinski (2:01.68) Zoe Vogelmann (2:01.12) Chiara Klein (2:00.16) Isabel Marie Gose (1:56.93) | 7:59.89 |
| 6 | 2 | France | Lucile Tessariol (2:00.03) Giulia Rossi-Bene (2:00.28) Marina Jehl (2:00.83) Océane Carnez (2:00.68) | 8:01.82 |
| 7 | 6 | Poland | Aleksandra Knop (2:01.28) Wiktoria Guść (2:01.54) Marta Klimek (2:02.32) Aleksandra Polańska (1:57.90) | 8:03.04 |
| 8 | 8 | Sweden | Sofia Åstedt (2:04.05) Hanna Bergman (2:01.16) Elvira Mörtstrand (2:02.70) Alicia Lundblad (2:01.57) | 8:09.48 |
# Fives–Hirson railway

The Fives–Hirson railway is a double tracked electrified railway line linking Lille-Flandres with Hirson.

## History

The line opened in stages:
* Aulnoye to Hirson, 30 October 1869
* Lille to Gare de Valenciennes, 22 June 1870
* Valenciennes to Aulnoye, 1 September 1872

## Infrastructure

Electrification was complete by 1958. The line uses automatic block signalling (BAL, Bloc Automatique Lumineux).
# Michael Green

Michael or Mike Green may refer to:

## Academics

* Michael Green (biologist), professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
* Michael Green (physicist) (born 1946), professor at Queen Mary University
* Michael Green (political expert) (born 1961), professor at Georgetown
* Michael Cawood Green (born 1954), South African born academic and writer

## Entertainment

* Michael Green (agent), American talent manager and film producer
* Michael Green (artist) (1929–2022), British painter and sculptor
* Michael Green (humorist) (1927–2018), British author and journalist
* Michael Green (radio), British former controller of BBC Radio 4
* Michael Green (writer), American screenwriter, comics writer, and television producer
* Michael Green (youtuber), American vlogger, son of The Angry Grandpa
* Mikey Green, British musician

## Politics

* Michael Green (diplomat) (died 2012), New Zealand
* Mike Green (Michigan politician) (1948–2024)
* Mike Green (West Virginia politician) (born 1973)

## Sports
### American football

* Mike Green (defensive back) (born 1976)
* Mike Green (linebacker) (born 1961)
* Mike Green (running back) (born 1976)
* Mike Green (defensive end)

### Association football

* Michael Green (soccer, born 1978), American defender
* Michael Green (soccer, born 1989), American midfielder and forward
* Mike Green (footballer, born 1946), English centre half
* Mike Green (footballer, born May 1989), English full back
* Mike Green (footballer, born July 1989), English goalkeeper

### Other sports

* Michael Green (Australian rules footballer) (born 1948)
* Michael Green (British Army officer) (1891–1971), English cricketer
* Michael Green (cricketer, born 1951)
* Michael Green (field hockey) (born 1972), German field hockey player
* Michael Green (sailor) (born 1954), Olympic sailor
* Michael Green (sprinter) (born 1970), Jamaican
* Michael Green (swimmer) (born 1963), British
* Michael Green (tennis) (born 1937), American player in the 1950s and 60s
* Mike Green (basketball, born 1951), American
* Mike Green (basketball, born 1985), American
* Mike Green (ice hockey, born 1979), Canadian ice hockey centre
* Mike Green (ice hockey, born 1985), Canadian ice hockey defenceman
* Mike Green (racquetball) (born 1973), Canadian

## Other

* Michael Green (architect) (born 1966), Canadian architect
* Michael Green (murder victim), lynched in Maryland, 1878
* Michael Green (New York lawyer) (born 1961), district attorney for Monroe County, New York
* Sir Michael Green (judge) (born 1964), British High Court judge
* Michael Green (theologian) (1930-2019), British Anglican priest
* Michael Joseph Green (1917–1982), US Catholic bishop
* Michael P. Green (born 1947), British businessman
* Mickey Green (1942–2020), English criminal
* "Michael Green", pseudonym used by UK politician Grant Shapps as a web marketer
** "Michael Green", name used by activist/comedian Heydon Prowse when running against Shapps in the 2015 United Kingdom general election
# Hazratbal

Hazratbal is the notified area situated in the Srinagar district of Jammu and Kashmir. It is about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Srinagar city center. The area became famous after the construction of Hazratbal Shrine, where hundreds of thousands of people visit every year because many relics related to the Islamic prophet Muhammad are believed to be there.
The word Hazrat in Urdu gives an indication of "respect" and bal in Kashmiri means "place". Thus, the word Hazratbal means the place which is highly respected among the people. The Dal Lake and its houseboats in the vicinity made the city a tourist spot, and the area's economy depended on tourism.
The grave of Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah is situated in the area.
The postal code of the area is 190006.

## Divisions

The areas which come under the constituency of Hazratbal are as under:
* Hazratbal town
* Naseem Bagh
* Mallabagh srinagar
* Usmaan Abad Malabagh
* Batpora
* Zukura
* Ishber
* Habak
* Sadiribal
* Gulab Bagh
* Molvi Stop
* Bota kadal
* Lal Bazar Hazratbal Main Road
* Pari Chowk Lal Bazar Hazratbal Main Road
* Tailbal

## Education

There are three institutions in the area.
* Kashmir University
* College of Engineering - University of Kashmir also known as "Zukura Campus"
* National Institute of Technology, Srinagar
Due to this reason, it is considered as higher education centre in Kashmir Valley. Students from different parts of the state study Art, Humanities, Science, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Engineering in these institutions.
# .pg

.pg is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Papua New Guinea.
Registrations are made beneath the second-level names .com.pg, .net.pg, .ac.pg, .gov.pg, .mil.pg, and .org.pg.
The dispute resolution policy is similar to that of Network Solutions prior to the institution of the UDRP in 2000; a trademark owner can object to a domain registration and this will result in the domain being placed on hold unless the registrant can also demonstrate trademark rights (and post bond to indemnify the registry), or else get a court ruling in their favor.
# Lincoln International (New Zealand)

Lincoln International was a New Zealand-based toy company that produced some of the earliest Batman memorabilia under official license from DC Comics. Most of the toys had little to do with actual concepts from the Batman comic books or TV series. The Batman Seaplane (1967) for example, was a repaint of the Howard Hughes Spruce Goose. Other Batman products included the Batman Escape Gun, which fired two "Bat Darts" and two "Flying Gadgets", and a Batman Space Probe that launches into the air under the power of water. A particularly out-of-character pistol was also sold as "Doctor Who's anti-Dalek Fluid Neutralizer. They also produced licensed merchandise based on Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. In 1975, they produced a military toy line called Soldiers in Action.
Other toys they made are a series of seven Monster figures (not licensed Universal Monsters) that are popular among collectors. The seven figures include Count Dracula, Wolf Man, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, Frankensten [sic], Mummy, and Girl Victim, the latter being a rare Spiegel catalog exclusive that appears to be derived from a line called "Mod Miss." Heiler notes on his website that the Aurora Plastics Corporation Monster Series: The Victim (later rebranded as Dr. Deadly's Daughter) model from 1971 erupted in controversy that make its inclusion in the line a strange choice in 1975. Their most infamous unlicensed figure was Mr. Rock, a knock-off of Mego Corporation's authorized Spock figure, that commands higher prices on the collector's market than its licensed counterpart.
Lincoln International also bought the Meccano construction toy line in 2007, which it sold to Spin Master in 2013.
# Will Bapaga

William Adipepe Pandi Bapaga (born 3 November 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Southern League Premier Division Central club Stratford Town
He has previously played professionally for Coventry City and Grimsby Town.

## Career
### Coventry City

In July 2019, the 16-year-old Bapaga was announced as a surprise call-up from the youth side.
Bapaga made his professional debut coming on as a substitute on 10 August 2019 in a 0–0 League One draw with Bolton Wanderers, coming on to replace Zain Westbrooke.
On 12 August 2021, Bapaga signed for Grimsby Town on a season-long loan. On 12 January 2022, Bapaga was recalled by parent club Coventry City.
Bapaga was released at the end of the 2022–23 season.
In July 2023, Bapaga joined Huddersfield Town on trial and scored in a friendly victory over Bradford (Park Avenue), as well as appearing in a game against Burnley.

### Buxton

On 18 November 2023, Bapaga joined National League North club Buxton. On 6 February 2024, he joined Southern League Premier Division Central club Mickleover on dual registration.

## Personal life

Bapaga is of Congolese descent.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 10 February 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Coventry City | 2019–20 | League One | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Coventry City | 2020–21 | Championship | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Coventry City | 2021–22 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Coventry City | 2022–23 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Coventry City | Total | Total | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Grimsby Town (loan) | 2021–22 | National League | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 12 | 3 |
| Buxton | 2023–24 | National League North | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Mickleover | 2023–24 | Southern League Premier Division Central | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Career totals | Career totals | Career totals | 19 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 3 |
* ↑ Appearance in the EFL Trophy
* ↑ Appearance in FA Trophy
# 26th century BC

The 26th century BC was a century that lasted from the year 2600 BC to 2501 BC.

## Events
### Crete

* c. 2600–2400 BC: Early Minoan I period in Crete.

### Egypt

* c. 2551–2526 BC: Reign of Khufu, second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty. The height of the Old Kingdom under the reigns of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure. Khufu leads an expedition in Sinai and has the Great Pyramid of Giza built. During his reign, the solar cult of Ra prevails, as evidenced by the Khufu ship. His successor, Djedefre, is the first pharaoh to refer to himself by the epithet "Son of Ra". The pharaoh's divine filiation asserts itself in the second part of the Fourth Dynasty: the royal title is definitively fixed with the appearance of a fifth royal name preceded by the title "Son of Ra".
* c. 2520–2493 BC: Reign of Khafre. the Pyramid of Khafre is built, along with the Great Sphinx of Giza, a monumental sculpture of a pharaoh (either Khafre or Khufu) with a lion's body.
* Reigns of Menkaure and Shepseskaf

### Mesopotamia

* c. 2600–2334 BC: Early Dynastic period III. Dominion of the First Dynasty of Ur. The Royal Cemetery at Ur is constructed.
* c. 2600 BC: Reign of Akalamdug, king of Ur.
* c. 2600–2500 BC: The Instructions of Shuruppak, the earliest known literary texts, are created in Adab, Shuruppak and Abu Salabikh.
* 2570 BC: Reigns of Uhub, king of Kish, and of En-hegal, king of Lagash.
* 2560–2525 BC: Reign of Mesannepada, king of Ur. The city, which had only 4,000 citizens at the time, would become a large capital during the 40 years of Mesannepada's reign. Its opulence was brought about by its commercial activity: Ur's southern river port concentrated Mesopotamian trade with clients along the Persian Gulf shores.
* 2550 BC: Reign of Mesilim, king of Kish. He was an apparent suzerain over the Lagash king Luga-shag-engur and the Adab king Nin-kisalsi. A conflict between Lagash and the neighboring Umma begins over fields claimed by each of the parties. An initial crisis is settled by Mesilim in favor of Lagash.
* 2540 BC: Mesannepada, who has already dominated the city of Nippur, takes advantage of an eclipse of power in Kish (caused by an incursion by the Elamites of Awan) to seize the city. He becomes the ruler of all of Lower Mesopotamia as he becomes the king of Kish, and his name appears on a pearl in Mari.
* 2525–2485 BC: Reign of A'annepada, king of Ur.