OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sananmuunnos

Sananmuunnos ("Word transformation"), sometimes kääntösana, is a sort of verbal play in the Finnish language, similar to spoonerisms in English.
Special to Finnish is a narrow phoneme inventory and vowel harmony. As Finnish is a mora-divided language, it is morae that are exchanged, not syllables (often a mora is also a syllable in a Finnish word, but not always). Also, Finnish inflectional and derivational morphology is extensive, thus applying a suffix from another word often produces a valid word. This leads to large number of possible spoonerisms. Much of practical sananmuunnos wordplay revolves around obscene double entendre expressed by spoonerism.
Several books have been written. Some have whole stories with multiple puns in one sentence, for example. Most have a "vocabulary" in the back, usually a hundred or more word pairs long.

## Processes

Initial morae of two adjacent words are exchanged, which is spoonerism by definition.
    Mikkelin kittaajat ('chuggers of Mikkeli', a town in Finland) → kikkelin mittaajat ('measurers of weenie')
    Johannes Virolainen (a Finnish politician) → vihannes jorolainen (vegetable from Joro)
The "extra length" of a long vowel is a full mora, and thus stays in its original position, making the new vowel long.
    sanan muunnos [sa-nan mu-ːnnos] → [mu-nan sa-ːnnos] → munan saannos
If necessary, stilted diphthongs are converted into allowed diphthongs as per phonotactics. The first vowel is the determinant for choosing the diphthong. The process preserves opening and closing diphthongs, e.g. the opening 'ie' is reflected as an opening 'uo'.
    vieno huntti [vi-eno hu-ntti] → [hu-eno vi-ntti] → huono vintti
If necessary, vowel harmony is applied. As per vowel harmony, the initial syllable controls the kind of vowel selected.
    häipyvät tavut [hä-ipyvät ta-vut] → [ta-ipyvät hä-vut] → taipuvat hävyt
That is, transformation is A, U, O into Ä, Y, Ö, if the former do not begin the word. Notice that information may be lost in this step, making it irreversible.

## Exceptions

It is possible (although not accepted by some "orthodox") to exchange only the initial consonants, if that is the only way to get a sensible result. E.g. palasokeri [p-ala/s-okeri] 'sugar lump' → salapokeri [s-ala/p-okeri] 'playing poker in secret' (*solapakeri would not mean anything).
Typically presented, spoonerisms are a kind of double entendre. Appropriately, the very term sananmuunnos is one; it becomes munansaannos, which can be understood as "receiving/providing of sex".
# German Pole (politician)

German Pole (6 October 1626 – 28 March 1683) was an English politician and member of the notable Pole family of Radbourne, Derbyshire. He served as a member of parliament (MP) for Derbyshire during the Second Protectorate Parliament in 1656.

## Early life and family

Born into the distinguished Pole family, German was the son of Samuel Pole and Anne Mundy. The Poles had longstanding ties to Radbourne, with their lineage tracing back to the 14th century. On 17 December 1650, German married Anne Newdigate, the eldest daughter of Richard Newdigate of Arbury, Warwickshire. The couple did not have any children.

## Political career

In 1656, during the rule of the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell, German Pole was elected as one of the MPs for Derbyshire in the Second Protectorate Parliament.

## Later life and death

Pole was known for his piety, loyalty to the monarchy, and dedication to his country. He died on 28 March 1683 without issue and appointed Samuel Pole, son of Edward Pole, as his sole heir. He was interred at St. Andrew's Church in Radbourne, where a significant wall monument, attributed to the renowned sculptor Grinling Gibbons, commemorates him. This monument features a large gadrooned sarcophagus flanked by urns and is topped with a segmental pediment adorned with putti.
# 1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference

The 1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place in November 1998 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The conference included the 4th Conference of the Parties (COP4) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It had been expected that the remaining issues unresolved in Kyoto would be finalized at this meeting. However, the complexity and difficulty of finding agreement on these issues proved insurmountable, and instead the parties adopted a 2-year "Plan of Action" to advance efforts and to devise mechanisms for implementing the Kyoto Protocol, to be completed by 2000. During the conference, Argentina and Kazakhstan expressed their commitment to take on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction obligation, the first two non-Annex countries to do so.
# Ronald I. Meshbesher

Ronald I. Meshbesher (May 18, 1933 – June 13, 2018) was an American lawyer and the founder and president of the Minnesota law firm Meshbesher & Spence.

## Early life and career

Upon graduating from the University of Minnesota Law School, Meshbesher began practicing law at the age of 24 in the Hennepin County Attorney's Office as a prosecutor, where he tried 45 felony cases in his first three years with a 92% conviction rate. He founded the law firm of Meshbesher & Spence in 1961. The Minneapolis Star Tribune called him "a dean of the Minnesota criminal-defense bar for 45 years".
In 1992 Mr. Meshbesher wrote the Trial Handbook for Minnesota Lawyers. He also founded or served as president or vice president of numerous legal associations, including the Minnesota Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (1984–85) and the American Board of Criminal Lawyers. he died of Alzheimer's disease in Minnesota on June 13 2018.

## In popular culture

The Joel and Ethan Coen film A Serious Man shot a scene at Meshbesher's Minneapolis law office and mentions "Ron Meshbesher" as an attorney in the film.
# Dimitrios Bogris

Dimitrios Bogris (Greek: Δημήτριος Μπόγρης; 1890 Salamis Island – 1964 Athens) was a famous Greek playwright of Hellenic theater. He was born in Salamis Island in 1890. He studied natural sciences in Athens and Paris. For one year, he was a professor in secondary education, but rapidly he devoted his time and passions to journalism.
His first play was Giatros Mavridis (Doctor Mavridis); it was produced in 1921 in the royal Hellenic theatre. Four years later wrote the Arravoniasmata (Engagements), which was played in 1936. With this play was proved one of the greatest playwrights of Greece.
Other plays were: Drakaina (Ogress) in 1928, to Bourini (the Squall) in 1933, i Kainourgia zoi (the New lIfe) in 1936, oi Fouskothalassies (the Ground swells) in 1937, to Koritsi tou limaniou (the Girl of port) in 1947, which became movie and screened by Greek Cinema in 1952. He died in Athens in 1964.
The former mayor of Salamis, Athanasios Makris, named a chamber of Salamis City Hall with the name of Dimitrios Bogris.
# William Radcliffe Birt

William Radcliffe Birt FRAS (15 July 1804 – 14 December 1881) was an English amateur astronomer in the 19th century. Birt was employed by John Herschel to carry out a great deal of meteorogical research on atmospheric waves, from 1839 to 1843. A lot of his work is held in the Scientist's Collection at the American Philosophical Society.
Probably on Herschel's recommendation, Birt became involved with the Kew Observatory in the later 1840s under the Directorship of Francis Ronalds. He analysed and published the latter's detailed atmospheric electricity and meteorological observations. They also worked together on a new design of kite for making meteorological recordings in the upper air. Birt was formally appointed in late 1849 as Ronalds' assistant but their relationship soured shortly afterwards and Birt was requested by the Kew Committee to leave in mid-1850. In 1850 he published 'The Hurricane Guide: Being an attempt to Connect the Rotary Gale or Revolving Storm with Atmospheric Waves'. Later, in 1853, he subsequently published a second book a 'Handbook on the Law of Storms: being a digest of the Principal Facts of Revolving Storms' a second edition of which appeared in 1879.
Although Birt published some papers on general astronomy, he is best remembered for his work in selenography, particularly work published in the Astronomical Register. He was the president of the short lived Selenographical Society. Birt was able to use the Hartwell Observatory for some of his work. For the last decade of his life he published a monthly guide to lunar observation. He also published, jointly with the Rev. W. J. B. Richards an introductory series of articles on how to observe the Moon.
The lunar crater Birt is named after him.
# Central Line (Sweden)

The Central Line (Swedish: Mittbanan) is a 358-kilometre (222 mi) long railway line between Sundsvall and Storlien in central Sweden (Västernorrland County and Jämtland County). It continues as the 106-kilometre (66 mi) long Meråker Line through Norway to Hell Station and onwards to Trondheim. The railway shares line with Inland Line between Brunflo and Östersund while the line between Ånge and Bräcke is double track. The entire line is electrified at 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC, but the Norwegian section is not. This requires all trains to Norway to be diesel trains.
SJ AB operates night trains with sleeping cars from Storlien or Duved to either Stockholm, Gothenburg or Malmö. The section between Sundsvall and Trondheim is operated by Tågkompaniet under Norrtåg ownership with Class 92 diesel multiple units between Östersund and Trondheim, and Regina trains between Sundsvall and Östersund. Snälltåget also operates Utmanartåget with a biweekly connection between Storlien and Malmö via Stockholm.

## History

The first part of the line was the Sundsvall–Torpshammar Railway, a private, narrow gauge and 60-kilometre (37 mi) long line opened fully in 1878, and its first part in 1872. From 1875 the Swedish State Railways were building Norrland Crossline, which opened 1879 between Torpshammar and Östersund. Before 1881 it had no connection to the rest of Sweden (only steamboat from Sundsvall), until the railway between Stockholm and Ånge was finished. At the same time, the governments were building a railway east from Trondheim, with the Government of Sweden building the Swedish part, finished 1882. The Government of Norway (Norway was in a union with Sweden at the time) built the Norwegian section, Meråker Line, which was opened in 1886. In 1885 the Sundsvall-Torpshammar Railway was bought by the state and rebuilt to standard gauge the following year. The railway was then known as the Norrland Crossline (Norrländska Tvärbanan) until it got the present name in the early 1990s. In November 2013 the railway had to be closed near the border because of the high risk of landslide, opened again February 2015. The place is 1 km (0.62 mi) from the border and named "Stora Helvetet" ("Big Hell", named after the troubles of building the railway here in 1877).
# Louise Staley

Louise Eileen Staley (born 9 August 1965) is an Australian politician. She was elected as Liberal Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly in November 2014, representing the Legislative Assembly seat of Ripon until her defeat in 2022.
Staley variously served as the Shadow Treasurer, Shadow Minister for Roads and Shadow Minister for Transport Infrastructure.

## Early life

Staley attended Korowa Anglican Girls School, graduating in 1982. She then attended Melbourne University, where she completed her Bachelor of Arts. While at university, Staley was involved in student politics.
Staley completed a Post Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance from the Securities Institute, a Post Graduate Diploma in Finance from Melbourne University, a Chartered Financial Analyst accreditation through the CFA Institute USA and a Masters in Public Policy at Flinders University.

## Early career

Following a career in finance, Staley joined her partner Stephen at Willaura, where they farmed cereals and canola. In 2007, Staley called for reform to the wheat industry’s single desk system.
Staley has held several positions, including serving as President of the East Grampians Health Service.
Staley was also a director of the Grampians Medicare Local, a director of Networking Health Victoria, and a Director of the Food and Environment Unit at the Institute of Public Affairs.
Staley was convicted of drink driving in 2000, having a blood alcohol content of twice the legal limit. She was subsequently accused of covering up the crime from the Liberal Party when seeking pre-selection for the seat of Menzies, an accusation she denied.

## Political career

Louise Staley became a member of the Liberal Party in 1985 and has held various positions within the party since, including as State Vice President from 1996 until 2000.
Staley was elected as the Liberal Party member for Ripon in November 2014. She was re-elected in the November 2018 election by just 15 votes, the closest result of that election.
Staley was defeated at the 2022 Victorian state election after eight years in Opposition.
In June 2023, The Australian Financial Review reported that Staley had been engaged to revive the H. R. Nicholls Society, a right-wing think tank, to "support growing business opposition to Labor's upcoming laws to regulate gig workers, labour hire and casual employment".
In 2023 Staley ran for the positions of State director of the Victorian Liberal Party, and to fill a casual vacancy in the Legislative Council caused by the resignation of Matthew Bach, but was unsuccessful in both attempts.
# Alain Ketchemen

Alain Gérard Ketchemen (born July 15, 1985) is a Cameroonian football player.

## Career

Ketchemen started his football career with Athletic Club Douala a Cameroonian football D2 Club after obtaining training from Formation centre of Brasseries of Cameroon. He played for few other Cameroonian football clubs before crossing over to North Africa, where he played in Morocco for Moghreb Athletic Tétouan and in Algeria with JSM Béjaïa, CR Belouizdad and MC Oran respectively. In 2008, Ketchenman went to Clube Desportivo dos Olivais e Moscavide, where he played for six months.
# Renato Martini

Renato Martini (born 12 November 1949) is an Italian former long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Dobieszewo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Dobieszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kcynia, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Otmianowo

Otmianowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boniewo, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of Włocławek and 75 km (47 mi) south of Toruń.
# Tim Hayward (political scientist)

Tim Hayward (born 1955) is Professor of Environmental Political Theory at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and director of the university's Just World Institute, a body set up to "foster interdisciplinary research into the global challenges facing the international order, with particular attention to issues of ethics and justice". Between 1995 and 2017, Hayward published four books on ecological values, human rights and political theory. Hayward has allegedly spread propaganda to his students, supporting Putin's Russia and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.
Writing in Contemporary Political Theory, Anahí Wiedenbrüg wrote that Hayward's book Global Justice and Finance, published in 2019, "is a wakeup call for all those working in contemporary, normative, liberal political theory. His general normative outlook gets very uncomfortable for the political liberals working within the global justice tradition". According to John O’Neill, the book "is particularly strong in its criticisms of approaches to global justice that simply take the transfer of money and finance to be adequate responses to the problems of global justice without examination of the background nature of the institutions of global finance".
In 2017, he co-founded the Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media (SPM), a group whose stated purpose is to "facilitate research into the areas of organised persuasive communication (including propaganda and information operations) and media coverage, with respect to the 2011-present conflict in Syria including related topics". The group's publications have attracted criticism and accusations of bias.
According to The Times, in April 2020 Hayward "retweeted to his 13,000 followers a Canadian environmentalist's claim that the WEF, United Nations and Imperial College London might be part of a scheme to exploit the [COVID-19] pandemic by promoting vaccines and creating genemodified flu-resistant chickens".
In March 2022, the chair of the British parliament's Education Select Committee, Robert Halfon, spoke in the House of Commons about "pro-Putinist propaganda at some of our leading universities", citing Hayward amongst several other academics. Along with the comment "As long as we’re still able to hear two sides of the story we should continue striving to do so", Hayward had previously shared a tweet from a Russian representative to the United Nations describing the Mariupol hospital airstrike as "fake news".
According to the BBC, students have accused him of “sharing Russia war lies” and conspiracy theories about the Syrian war. A Ukrainian student “told the BBC she was distressed by Prof Hayward's recent tweets.”

## Selected publications

* Ecological Thought: An Introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 1995. ISBN 978-0-74-561320-8.
* Political Theory and Ecological Values. John Wiley & Sons, 1998. ISBN 978-0-74-561809-8.
* Constitutional Environmental Rights. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-927867-1.
* Human Rights and the Environment. 4 Vols. Routledge, 2017. (Editor)
* Global Justice and Finance. Oxford University Press, 2019. ISBN 978-0-19-884276-7.
# Southview, Calgary

Southview is a residential neighbourhood in the southeast quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded by 17 Avenue SE to the north, 36 Street SE to the east, 26 Avenue SE to the south and the Bow River to the west.
Southview was established in 1950, being the last community to develop inside the Greater Forest Lawn Area and is part of the International Avenue Business Revitalization Zone. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 9 councillor.

## Demographics

In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Southview had a population of 1,900 living in 936 dwellings, a -7.9% increase from its 2011 population of 2,063. With a land area of 1.6 km$^2$ (0.62 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,190/km$^2$ (3,080/sq mi) in 2012.
Residents in this community had a median household income of $44,908 in 2000, and there were 23.7% low income residents living in the neighbourhood. As of 2000, 14.9% of the residents were immigrants. A proportion of 18.5% of the buildings were condominiums or apartments, and 33.9% of the housing was used for renting.
Pop. Overtime :
| Year | Population |
| 2014 | 1815 |
| 2015 | 1874 |
| 2016 | 1845 |
| 2017 | 1841 |
| 2018 | 1858 |
| 2019 | 1805 |
| 2021 | 1550 |

## Crime

Southview has worse crime rates than its neighboring communities; however is not among the worst in the city for crime.

### Crime Data by Year

Crime Data :
| Year | Crime Rate |
| 2018 | 6.6 /100 |
| 2019 | 8.5 /100 |
| 2020 | 8.1 /100 |
| 2021 | 7.5 /100 |
| 2022 | 8.4 /100 |
| 2023 | 7.5 /100 |

## Education

The community is served by the Mountain View Elementary public school.
# Lorenzo Cellerino

Lorenzo Cellerino (born 30 December 1944) is an Italian former sprinter

## Biography

He competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## Olympic results

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Time | Notes |
| 1971 | Olympic Games | Munich | Heat | 4x400 m relay | 3:09.7 | |

## National titles

He has won 2 times the team national championship.
* 1 win in the 4x100 m relay (1969)
* 1 win in the 4x400 m relay (1973)
# Sicyopterus calliochromus

Sicyopterus calliochromus is a species of goby in the family Oxudercidae, or alternatively, Gobiidae. It is only known from the waters of the Tirawiwa River, which is a major tributary of the Wapoga River, which in turn flows into the eastern edge of Cenderawasih Bay, in the Papua Province in Indonesia.

## Description

Sicyopterus calliochromus can reach a standard length of 5.8 centimetres (2.3 in).
# Bonnie Bishop

Bonnie Elizabeth Bishop is a country rock singer-songwriter from Texas.

## Education and early life

Bishop graduated with a sociology degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 2001.

## Career

In 2012, Bishop's idol Bonnie Raitt recorded the song "Not Cause I Wanted To." which she wrote with NRBQ guitarist "Big Al" Anderson. The song was selected as a New York Times Best Song of 2012 "Not Cause I Wanted To" and won a Grammy in 2013. Raitt later recorded Bishop's song "Undone." Another song Bishop wrote entitled "The Best Songs Come From Broken Hearts" appeared on the 2013 TV show Nashville.
After a decade of touring Bishop took a break and attended graduate school at Sewanee: The University of the South for creative writing. She was contacted by David Cobb and he produced her album "Ain’t Who I Was" which was released in 2016 .
In an interview with Nicole Huckabee in May 2024, Bishop announced that she is releasing a new album. She also announced that she had finished writing a book about her stepfather, NCAA football coach Jackie Sherrill.

## Albums

* Bonnie Bishop (2002)
* Long Way Home (2004)
* Soft to the Touch (2005)
* Bonnie Bishop and Friends: Live at Magnolia Avenue (2006)
* Things I Know (2009)
* Free (2012)
* Ain't Who I Was (2016)
* House Sessions Vol. 1 (2019)
* The Walk (2019)
* American Dream (2024)
# HMS Anson (S123)

HMS Anson is the fifth Astute-class nuclear-powered fleet submarine of the Royal Navy. She is the eighth vessel of the Royal Navy to bear the name, after Admiral George Anson.

## History

On 25 March 2010, BAE Systems were given the authorisation by the British government to begin construction on boats 5 and 6 (Anson and Agamemnon), being given a £300 million contract for the "initial build" of boat 5 and "long lead procurement activities" for boat 6. Later that year work was begun on the pressure hull and reactor compartments. On 15 September 2011 it was announced that boat 5 would be named Anson; it was previously believed that boat 5 would be Agamemnon and boat 6 Anson. Her keel was ceremonially laid on 13 October 2011. On 19 November 2015, a possible new contract worth £1.3 billion was signed for HMS Anson. She was officially named on 11 December 2020, was rolled out of the Devonshire Dock Hall on 19 April 2021, and launched on 20 April 2021. It completed its first practice dive in a dock on 14 February 2022. She was commissioned on 31 August 2022 prior to starting sea trials. On 19 February 2023 she left Barrow for the first time for her sea trials. These were declared as complete on 21 May 2024.
At the beginning of February, the submarine docked for the first time in the Port of Gibraltar to load weapons.

## Design
### Propulsion

Anson's nuclear reactor will not need to be refuelled during the boat's 25-year service. Since the submarine can purify water and air, she will be able to circumnavigate the planet without resurfacing. The main limit is that the submarine will only be able to carry three months' supply of food for 98 officers and ratings.

### Weapons

Anson will have provision for up to 38 weapons in six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. The submarine will be capable of using Tomahawk Block IV land-attack missiles with a range of 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres) and Spearfish heavyweight torpedoes.