# North East Combined Authority

The North East Combined Authority (NECA) is a combined authority in North East England. It has a directly-elected Mayor and seven member councils: two are unitary authorities (Durham and Northumberland) and five are metropolitan borough councils (Gateshead, Newcastle, North Tyneside, South Tyneside and Sunderland). The combined authority's area and the separate Tees Valley devolved region occupy the wider statistical region of North East England.
The authority was announced on 28 December 2022 in the North East devolution deal . On 6 March 2024, the Government announced the North East deeper devolution deal, which allowed the new authority to absorb multiple previous devolved bodies and gave NECA increased devolved powers. The first election for the authority took place on 2 May 2024. The replacement of both the non-mayoral North East Combined Authority and the North of Tyne Combined Authority happened on 7 May 2024. The new combined authority was operational by the end of May 2024.

## History

The Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986 alongside other metropolitan county governments. In 2004, a referendum (the 2004 North East England devolution referendum) was held in the North East region to establish a devolved assembly, which was rejected by voters.
The North East Combined Authority (NECA) was established in April 2014, including seven councils: Durham, Sunderland, Gateshead, South Tyneside, North Tyneside, Newcastle and Northumberland. A devolution deal was agreed, including the creation of a mayor to be elected in 2017. In September 2016, that deal broke down, as the leaders south of the Tyne were worried about the loss of EU funding, and in 2017 no mayor was elected.
From 2 November 2018, the boundaries of NECA were reduced to Durham, Sunderland, Gateshead and South Tyneside. The remaining areas left to form a mayoral combined authority called the North of Tyne Combined Authority. The division of the Tyneside built up area into two combined authorities was criticised.
In the Levelling Up white paper, the Government announced a larger mayoral combined authority would be created for the region. Durham was to negotiate a separate county deal. On 28 December 2022, Levelling Up Secretary Michael Gove announced a £1.4 billion devolution deal. The deal included the establishment of a unified mayoral combined authority, with a mayor to be elected in 2024. Martin Gannon, leader of Gateshead Council, said local councils were being forced into the deal and that it did not represent levelling up; he said he agreed with its introduction nevertheless. The seven local councils approved the final plans for the NECA on 9 November 2023, subject to approval by the chief executives of the councils, to allow for the Secretary of State to make the order for the NECA to be established.
The North East Mayoral Combined Authority (Establishment and Functions) Order 2024 was laid before Parliament on 8 February 2024 and was made as a statutory instrument on 20 March 2024. The Order dissolved two combined authorities to create NECA, prescribed the regeneration powers which the new Combined Authority holds and set out the functions which the elected Mayor will control.
On 6 March 2024, the Government announced the North East deeper devolution deal, which supersedes the previous devolution deal gave NECA increased devolved powers. The deeper devolution deal was signed on 18 March 2024. The deal includes provisions to establish a new North East Strategic Energy Board to coordinate energy supply and demand and promote growth in the offshore wind sector and a new North East Coastal and Rural Taskforce to strengthen the region’s rural and coastal communities.

## Geography

Constituent councils of the North East Mayoral Combined Authority :
| Ceremonial County | Unitary authorities | Council |
| County Durham | County Durham | Durham County Council |
| Northumberland | Northumberland | Northumberland County Council |
| Tyne and Wear | Gateshead | Gateshead Council |
| Tyne and Wear | City of Newcastle | Newcastle City Council |
| Tyne and Wear | North Tyneside | North Tyneside Council |
| Tyne and Wear | South Tyneside | South Tyneside Council |
| Tyne and Wear | City of Sunderland | Sunderland City Council |
Population of the North East Combined Authority by district (2022) :
| District | Land area | Land area | Population | Population | Density (/km$^2$) |
| District | (km$^2$) | (%) | People | (%) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| County Durham | 2,226 | 29% | 528,127 | 26% | 237 |
| Gateshead | 142 | 2% | 197,722 | 10% | 1,389 |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | 113 | 1% | 307,565 | 15% | 2,711 |
| North Tyneside | 82 | 1% | 210,487 | 11% | 2,558 |
| Northumberland | 5,020 | 64% | 324,362 | 16% | 65 |
| South Tyneside | 64 | 1% | 148,667 | 7% | 2,308 |
| Sunderland | 137 | 2% | 277,354 | 14% | 2,018 |
| North East Combined Authority | 7,786 | 100% | 1,994,284 | 100% | 256 |

## Constitution
### Constitution

The arrangements for NECA's governance were set out in the North East Mayoral Combined Authority (Establishment and Functions) Order 2024.
The NECA cabinet has eight voting members and two non-voting members:
* Voting (8):
** a member for each council (8)
*** the mayor (1)
* Non-Voting (2):
** the chair of the Business Board (1)
** a representative of the community and voluntary sector (1)
The mayor provides leadership to the combined authority and chair combined authority meetings. A deputy mayor was appointed from among the voting members of the authority and the mayor may delegate mayoral functions to authority members. When the authority first meets it will have to decide what title the mayor is to be known by.

### Mayoral functions

The functions devolved to the mayor are:
* housing and regeneration
* education, skills and training
* the adult education budget
* the functional power of competence
* housing and planning, including mayoral development areas and corporations, land and acquisition powers
* finance, through council precepts and business rate supplements
* transport, including bus grants and franchising powers
The mayor is a member of the Mayoral Council for England and the Council of the Nations and Regions.

### Cabinet

As of May 2024, the cabinet of the combined authority is as follows:
| Name | Membership | Position within nominating authority | Nominating authority |
| Kim McGuinness | Constituent | Mayor of the North East | North East Combined Authority |
| Martin Gannon | Constituent | Deputy Mayor of the North East, Leader of the Council, | Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council |
| Amanda Hopgood | Constituent | Leader of the Council, Member for Culture, Creative, Tourism and Sport | Durham County Council |
| Nick Kemp | Constituent | Leader of the Council, Member for The Economy. | Newcastle City Council |
| Norma Redfearn | Constituent | Mayor of North Tyneside, Member for Housing and Land. | North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council |
| Glen Sanderson | Constituent | Leader of the Council, Member for Environment, Rural & Coast | Northumberland County Council |
| Tracey Dixon | Constituent | Leader of the Council, Member for Education, Inclusion and Skills | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council |
| Michael Mordey | Constituent | Leader of the Council, Member for Finance and Investment | Sunderland City Council |
| Lucy Winskell | Non-constituent | Chair | Business Board |
| TBA | Non-constituent | Representative | Community and Voluntary Sector Member |