OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protecting group

The fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group (Fmoc) is a base-labile amine protecting group used in organic synthesis, particularly in peptide synthesis. It is popular for its stability toward acids and hydrolysis and its selective removal by weak bases, such as piperidine, without affecting most other protecting groups or sensitive functional groups. Fmoc protection is especially advantageous in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), where its compatibility with other reagents and ease of removal streamline synthesis workflows. Upon deprotection, Fmoc yields a byproduct (Dibenzofulvene) that can be monitored by UV spectroscopy, allowing for efficient reaction tracking.

## Protection & Formation

Fmoc-carbamate is frequently used as a protecting group for primary and secondary amines, where the Fmoc group can be introduced by reacting the amine with fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl), e.g.:
The other common method for introducing the Fmoc group is through 9-fluorenylmethylsuccinimidyl carbonate (Fmoc-OSu), which may itself be obtained by the reaction of Fmoc-Cl with the dicyclohexylammonium salt of N-hydroxysuccinimide.
Reacting with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl azide (itself made by reacting Fmoc-Cl with sodium azide) in sodium bicarbonate and aqueous dioxane is also a method to install Fmoc group. Because the fluorenyl group is highly fluorescent, certain UV-inactive compounds may be reacted to give the Fmoc derivatives, suitable for analysis by reversed phase HPLC. Analytical uses of Fmoc-Cl that do not use chromatography may be limited by the requirement that excess Fmoc-Cl be removed before an analysis of fluorescence.

## Cleavage & Deprotection

The Fmoc group is rapidly removed by base. Piperidine is usually preferred for Fmoc group removal as it forms a stable adduct with the dibenzofulvene byproduct, preventing it from reacting with the substrate.

## Role in Peptide Synthesis

The use of Fmoc as a temporary protecting group for amine at the N-terminus in solid phase synthesis is very widespread for Fmoc/tBu approach, because its removal with piperidine does not disturb the acid-labile linker between the peptide and the resin. A typical SPPS Fmoc deprotection is performed with a solution of 20% piperidine in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF).
    C$_{13}$H$_9$−CH$_2$−OC(O)NHR + (CH$_2$)$_5$NH → (CH$_2$)$_5$NH+2 + [C$_{13}$H$_8$−CH$_2$−OC(O)NHR]$^−$
    [C$_{13}$H$_8$−CH$_2$−OC(O)NHR]$^−$ → C$_{13}$H$_8$=CH$_2$ + $^−$OC(O)NHR
    $^−$OC(O)NHR + (CH$_2$)$_5$NH+2 → HOC(O)NHR + (CH$_2$)$_5$NH
    HOC(O)NHR → CO$_2$ + RNH$_2$
    C$_{13}$H$_8$=CH$_2$ + (CH$_2$)$_5$NH → C$_{13}$H$_9$−CH$_2$N(CH$_2$)$_5$

### Common deprotection cocktails for Fmoc during SPPS

* 20% piperidine in DMF (Fmoc group has an approximate half life of 6 seconds in this solution)
* 5% piperazine, 1% DBU and 1% formic acid in DMF. This method avoids the use of strictly controlled piperidine. No side product was observed for a peptide with 9 residues synthesized with this method.
# Chalo Ishq Ladaaye

Chalo Ishq Ladaaye (transl. Come, Let's Fall In Love) is a 2002 Indian comedy film directed by Aziz Sejawal, starring Govinda, Rani Mukerji, Zohra Sehgal and Kader Khan.

## Plot

Popular but lonely Bollywood actress Sapna lives a fairly isolated life, though publicly she is thronged by fans, and has taken to drinking to ease her loneliness. Intoxicated, she runs her vehicle into a young man named Pappu, who suffers minor injuries. He recognizes her and tells her that he is her number-one fan and will do anything for her. She wants him to kill her double-timing boyfriend, Rahul (Sanjay Suri). He agrees to do so, provided she kills his overbearing grandmother, to which she agrees.
After Pappu completes his gruesome task, he meets with Sapna, only to be told that she does not recognize him, but when presented with proof, she relents and agrees to fulfill her part of this trade. She, along with Kokibhai, arrives at the palatial home of Pappu's grandmother and sets out to kill her.
ACP Kamat already has evidence linking Pappu to Rahul's sudden death and has been keeping a close eye on his whereabouts. Pappu finds out about his grandmother's will, stating that after her death Pappu would get all her property. Pappu asks for forgiveness.
Meanwhile, Sapna finds out that Pappu has not killed Rahul. Sapna finds out Pappu is with the police. A blackmailer tells Sapna to bring 5 crores. ACP Kamat tells his brothers about the money. Kamat told his brothers that Rahul was not killed and was still alive. Kamat's assistant knows that there was something wrong, so he brings Pappu with him. His grandma comes and kills all the bad guys. Pappu beats up the ACP. When Paapu tells his feelings to Suniel Shetty, he takes her inside the theater. Sapna tells Pappu her feelings. The movie ends when she runs up to him and hugs him.

## Cast

* Zohra Sehgal as Dadi (Pappu's grand mother)
* Govinda as Pappu
* Rani Mukerji as Sapna
* Kader Khan as Kokibhai
* Sanjay Suri as Rahul
* Johnny Lever as Police Officer
* Mink Singh as Bobby
* Gulshan Grover as ACP Kamat
* Suniel Shetty as himself (special appearance)
* Asrani
* Mushtaq Khan
* Mukesh Khanna
* Ishrat Ali
* Razak Khan

## Soundtrack

Music by Himesh Reshammiya. Lyrics by Sameer.
| Song | Singer |
| "Chalo Ishq Ladaaye" | Sonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik |
| "Masti Masti" | Sonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik |
| "Pyaar Ka Funda" | Sonu Nigam, Kavita Krishnamurthy |
| "Tujhko Hi Dulhan" | Sonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik |
| "Aa Pyaar Kare Bindaas" | Sonu Nigam, Jaani Babu Qawwal (Humming) |
| "Pote Ko Dulha Banaongi" | Sonu Nigam, Shobha Joshi |
# Simpson Obed

Simpson Hopeman Obed (born 17 September 1989) is a Vanuatuan cricketer. He played in the 2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Six tournament.
In March 2018, he was named in Vanuatu's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Four tournament in Malaysia. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Papua New Guinea on 22 March 2019.
He was part of the Vanuatu cricket team in the men's tournament at the 2019 Pacific Games. In Vanuatu's opening match of the tournament, against New Caledonia, Obed took five wickets for ten runs. New Caledonia scored 23 runs, with Vanuatu winning by 10 wickets. In September 2019, he was named in Vanuatu's squad for the 2019 Malaysia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament. Obed made his List A debut against Canada, in the Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament on 17 September 2019.
# Tomáš Topinka

Tomáš Topinka (born 5 June 1974) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from the Czech Republic. He earned 16 international caps for the Czech Republic national speedway team.

## Career

He participated in Speedway World Cups for Czech Republic team. He rode in the British leagues from 1993 to 2011 and was a King's Lynn Stars regular for 15 years.
In 1996, he was part of the Oxford Cheetahs four that won the Premier League Four-Team Championship, which was held on 4 August 1996, at the East of England Arena.

## Speedway Grand Prix results

* permanent speedway rider
* wild card, track reserve or qualified reserve
* rider not classified (track reserve who did not start)

## Results
### World Championships

* Individual World Championship (Speedway Grand Prix)
** 1994 - 10th place in World Semi-Final 2
** 1997 - 22nd place (2 points in one event)
** 2003 - 26th place (13 points in one event)
* Team World Championship (Speedway World Team Cup and Speedway World Cup)
** 1997 - Piła - 5th place (10 pts)
** 2002 - Peterborough - 5th place (3 pts)
** 2003 - - 6th place
** 2004 - - 6th place
** 2005 - 6th place
* Individual U-21 World Championship
** 1993 - Pardubice - 8th place (7 pts)
** 1994 - Elgane - 4th place (12 pts +2)
** 1995 - Tampere - 4th place (12 pts +2)
# Rudolf Kozłowski

Rudolf Kozłowski (born 15 July 1935) is a Polish weightlifter. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Good to Me

"Good to Me" is a song recorded by American singer LeToya Luckett released as the fourth and final single taken from her second studio album Lady Love (2009). The song was written by Durrell Babbs, Jerry N Franklin, Johnnie Newt, Robert Newt, Kris Stephens and produced by Tank and Song Dynasty. The song was released on February 1, 2010, through Capital Records.
Luckett chose to release "Good to Me" due to being a fan favorite and a personal favorite from the album.

## Critical response

Idolator stated "the singer notes that she wants “the kind of man that all night in bed he’s a winner,” with the “body of a gladiator” who “don’t mind cooking me dinner.” Guess the onetime Destiny’s Child member wasn’t too big on Beyoncé’s “Single Ladies”?."

## Music video

The song's accompanying video was shot in New York City and released to LeToya's YouTube channel on February 23, 2010. The music video starts with "I Need a U" taken from the album Lady Love, also model and actor Keston Karter appears as LeToya's love interest, and was directed and produced by LeToya's friend and makeup artist AJ Crimson, marking his directorial debut.

### Response

Rap-Up stated "LeToya Luckett dedicates her latest song to all the good men. The viral video for “Good to Me,” the fourth single from her sophomore album Lady Love, was directed by makeup artist AJ Crimson and co-stars model-actor Keston Karter." Idolator stated "LeToya did an OK job by casting hunky model Keston Karter as the object of her affection in the “Good To Me” video."
# Skępsk

Skępsk is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Golub-Dobrzyń, within Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Golub-Dobrzyń and 28 km (17 mi) east of Toruń.
# Cambodian Women's League

The Cambodian Women's League (Khmer: លីគបាល់ទាត់នារីកម្ពុជា) is Cambodia's main women's football competition, run by the Football Federation of Cambodia (FFC) and it features 10 teams as of the 2024-25 season.

## History

Prior to the start of the 2020–21 season, the federation raised the prize money for the top three positions.
In July 2024, the Football Federation of Cambodia announced the return of the Women's Football League after a two-year hiatus.

## Competition format

The season, contested from August to February, had been divided into two stages.
* The first stage had followed a two-round league format, with each team playing both home and away matches. The top four teams shall advance to the second stage.
* In the second stage, the top four teams will compete to determine the champions.

## Clubs
### Current clubs

The current ten clubs of the 2024–25 Cambodian Women's League:
| Team | Location | Stadium |
| Boeung Ket Angkor | Phnom Penh | Hi-Tech BK training ground |
| Nagaworld | Kampong Speu province | Nagaworld Stadium |
| Kampong Chhnang | Kampong Chhnang province | Kampong Chhnang Pitch |
| Kampong Thom | Kampong Thom province | K.P Thom Provincial Academy Pitch |
| MR-Leng | Kandal province | Mr Leng Stadium |
| Phnom Penh Crown | Phnom Penh | RSN Stadium |
| PKR Svay Rieng | Svay Rieng province | Preah Khan Reach Svay Rieng Stadium |
| SALT Academy | Battambang province | Salt Academy Battambang Pitch |
| Siem Reap | Siem Reap province | Siem Reap Stadium |
| Visakha | Phnom Penh | Visakha Training Center |

## Champions

| Season | Champion | Runner-up |
| 2020–21 | NagaworldPKR Svay Rieng | — |
| 2021–22 | Phnom Penh Crown | Nagaworld |
| No competition held from 2022 to 2024 | No competition held from 2022 to 2024 | No competition held from 2022 to 2024 |
| 2024–25 | Phnom Penh Crown | Visakha |
* ↑ Title Shared After Final Between Nagaworld and PKR Svay Rieng Cancelled Due to COVID-19 Pandemic
# Tony Lumpkin in Town

Tony Lumpkin in Town is a 1778 Irish comedy play by John O'Keeffe. An afterpiece, it was intended as a sequel to the 1773 play She Stoops to Conquer by Oliver Goldsmith. It is centred on the character Tony Lumpkin. It ran successfully at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London. The original cast included William Parsons as Tony Lumpkin, Robert Palmer as Doctor Minum and Charles Bannister as Tim Tickle.
# Joe Austin-Smellie

Joe Austin-Smellie (born 17 October 1989) is a New Zealand cricketer. He played in sixteen first-class and nine List A matches for Wellington from 2009 to 2011.
# Alameda, Andalusia

Alameda is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 85 km from the city of Málaga. It has a population of approximately 5,000 and the natives are called Alamedanos or Lametanos. It takes its name from the stream Álamos, which crosses the municipality. The Bandito "El Tempranillo" is buried here.
It is located north of Antequera and 430 meters above sea level. The average annual precipitation is in the 610 L/m$^2$ and the average temperature is 16 °C.
Almadea has an area of about 65 km$^2$.

## Geography

The municipality of Alameda, the northernmost province of Malaga, lies on a plain in which only a few small hills break the horizontal landscape which is abound with olives. This befits an area close to the countryside of Cordoba and Seville.

## History

The archaeological remains found in this area show that since the Neolithic period the area, now the municipality, has been the basis for many human settlements.
In 208 B.C., during the times of Carthage, Iberian inhabitants of the area, to be besieged by the Romans, set fire to the village and perished in said fire to remain loyal to the Carthaginians.
During the Roman Empire it is known that Alameda was an enclave of strategic importance because three of the major roads to Baetica passed through the municipality. One, la Real, continues to cross town from the Plaza of Spain to the Plaza de Andalucia.
Little is known about the history of Alameda from then until the sixteenth century. Only a small Visigoth treasure the sixth century indicates that there was a settlement at that time in this location. And once the sixteenth century began, it became part of the Marquess of Estepa. Give that within the area the roads that connected Granada, Málaga and Seville crossed, the Marquis de Estepa, in 1663, decided to build the parish Immaculate Conception, around which the population was established.
Apart from the first half of the nineteenth century, Alameda forms part of the province of Málaga.
In the Plaza de Andalucia, which can be considered today the center of town, is a tombstone of 1994 which reads "The first Republican council, established on June 27, 1931, ordered the bell of the clock with the names of their councilors in relief, being carved during the unfortunate events of 1936. Being unreadable today, in their remembrance this plate is placed. "

## Politics and administration

The political administration of the municipality is carried out through a democratically controlled town council whose members are elected every four years by universal suffrage.
# Nathaniel Merrill

Nathaniel Merrill (February 8, 1927 – September 9, 2008) was an American stage director and opera director. He was the resident stage director at the Metropolitan Opera from 1956-1985. During his 28 seasons at the Met he staged a total of 14 new productions in addition to directing several revivals. He also served as the Artistic Director of Central City Opera from 1959-1966. In 1981 he and his wife, conductor Louise Sherman, founded Opera Colorado. Merrill served as the company's artistic director and stage director and his wife worked as the company's musical director. Upon his wife's death from cancer in 1998, Merrill retired and thereafter lived in Denver until his death of complications related to Alzheimer's disease a decade later.

## Career

Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Merrill earned degrees from Dartmouth College, the New England Conservatory of Music, and Boston University. After working with the Hamburg State Opera, the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, the Glyndebourne Festival, and the Salzburg Festival, he joined the staff at the Metropolitan Opera in 1956 where his first job was to create a revised staging of Joseph L. Mankiewicz's 1952 production of Giacomo Puccini's La bohème. His first major critical successes at the Met came during the 1960–1961 season when he directed the new staging of L'elisir d'amore and staged a brand new production of Puccini's Turandot that was designed by Cecil Beaton. He went on to stage several Met premieres including, Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten (1966), Berlioz's Les Troyens (1973) and Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (1985).
Many of Merrill's stagings remained a part of the company's repertory for decades, including his stagings of Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore (1960), Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (1962) and Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel (1967). Other operas he staged for the company included Adriana Lecouvreur (1963), Aida (1963), Samson et Dalila (1964), Luisa Miller (1968), Il trovatore (1969) and Parsifal (1970) among others. His 1969 staging of Der Rosenkavalier was used through 2012. Opera News said, "Merrill productions were designed to survive multiple revivals and cast changes; generally traditional and always clear, their simple but effective staging touches, such as Dulcamara's arrival via hot-air balloon in Elisir, kept Met audiences diverted and amused for a generation.
During his years at the Met, Merrill also worked for several other opera companies, notably working as the Artistic Director of Central City Opera in Colorado for seven years. From 1974 to 1978 he worked as the resident producer and director of technical services for the Opéra national du Rhin. He also directed operas for many companies both in the United States and abroad during his career, including the Arena di Verona Festival, the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe, the Bregenz Festival, the Hamburg State Opera, the Houston Grand Opera, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the Miami Opera, the Opera Company of Philadelphia, the Salzburg Festival, the San Diego Opera, the Teatro Colón, and the Vienna State Opera among others.
# Chorleywood Common

Chorleywood Common is a 75.6 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Chorleywood in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by Chorleywood Parish Council, and the declaring authority is Hertfordshire County Council. The common is part of the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Habitats on the common are acid heathland, neutral grassland, chalk meadows and secondary woodland. There are also seven ponds which have rare plants and amphibians. Some 300 fungi, 70 plant species and 50 birds have been recorded.
There is access from Rickmansworth Road and Dog Kennel Lane.
# Tom Dimitroff Sr.

Thomas George Dimitroff Sr. (June 6, 1935 – January 20, 1996) was an American gridiron football player and coach.

## Playing career

Dimitroff was a two-time All-Mid-American Conference quarterback and defensive back at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He passed for 1,096 yards and 11 touchdowns, and ran for 542 yards. As a kicker, he converted on 22 extra-point attempts and had a punting average of 36.2 yards. He played on two MAC championship football teams under Ara Parseghian and John Pont. He was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the 25th round of the 1957 Draft, but instead signed with the Ottawa Rough Riders Interprovincial Rugby Football Union. On August 23, 1958, Dimitroff started for Ottawa in the first regular-season game in Canadian Football League history. In May 1959, Dimitroff was traded along with Larry Hayes, Jim Marshall, Frank Fraser, and Karl Hilzinger to the Saskatchewan Roughriders for quarterback Frank Tripucka. Dimitroff retired shortly after the trade, never playing a game for Saskatchewan.
In 1960, Dimitroff came out of retirement to play for the newly formed American Football League (AFL). He signed with the New York Titans, but did not appear in any games for them. He later signed with the Boston Patriots and appeared in three games, throwing two incomplete passes.

## Coaching career

After serving as an assistant coach at Barberton High School and Wadsworth High School, Dimitroff returned to Miami, where he was an assistant from 1969 to 1972. After one season at Kansas State, Dimitroff joined former Rough Rider teammate George Brancato in Ottawa. From 1974 to 1977, he served as the Ottawa Rough Riders quarterbacks coach and offensive coordinator, helping coach Ottawa to victory in the 1976 Grey Cup, the final Grey Cup victory in Rough Riders history.
In 1978, he became the head coach of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He was fired after five games and replaced by John Payne. Following his departure from Hamilton, Dimitroff coached the Guelph Gryphons football team, where his son Randy was quarterback from 1982 to 1985.
Dimitroff left coaching in 1984 to serve as Director of Player Personnel for the Ottawa Rough Riders. In 1986, he was named the team's interim head coach after the firing of Joe Moss. The Rough Riders were 0–4–1 under Dimitroff and in 1987 he joined the Cleveland Browns as a college scout.

## Family and death

He was the father of former Atlanta Falcons general manager Thomas Dimitroff. Dimitroff died on January 20, 1996, in Strongsville, Ohio.
# Javito (footballer, born 1998)

Javier López Abadias (born 18 December 1998), commonly known as Javito, is a Spanish footballer who plays for Barbastro. Mainly a centre back, he can play in all positions across the back four and as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Huesca, Aragon, Javito finished his formation with SD Huesca. He made his senior debut with the farm team in 2016, in the Tercera División.
Javito made his professional debut on 26 March 2017, coming on as a late substitute for Samu Sáiz in a 3–1 away win against CD Mirandés in the Segunda División. On 25 July 2019, he moved to fourth-tier side CP Cacereño.
# James L. Wells

James Lee Wells (December 16, 1843 – September 5, 1928) was an American businessman and politician. He became known as Father of The Bronx, a title which was officially conferred on him by the Bronx Board of Trade in May 1921.

## Life

James L. Wells was born in West Farms, which was then a town in Westchester County, on December 16, 1843. In 1874, West Farms was part of the Bronx District which was annexed by New York County and became the 23rd and 24th Wards. Since 1898, West Farms is a neighborhood in the Borough of The Bronx in New York City.
He graduated from Columbia College in 1865, and became a real estate broker and auctioneer.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1879 (Westchester Co., 1st D.) and 1880 (New York Co., 24th D.). He was a member of the Board of Aldermen of New York City from 1881 to 1883.
He was again a member of the State Assembly (New York Co., 24th D.) in 1892. In June 1895, he was appointed by Mayor William L. Strong a Commissioner of Taxes and Assessments to fill the unexpired term of John Whalen until 1899. Mayor Seth Low appointed him president of the Tax Commission.
He was the Republican and Citizens Union candidate for borough president of The Bronx in 1901, but was defeated. He was a delegate to the 1912, 1920 and 1924 Republican National Conventions.
He was New York State Treasurer from 1915 to 1920, elected at the New York state election, 1914, and re-elected at the New York state election, 1916, and the New York state election, 1918.
He was president of the North Side Board of Trade, a director of the Twenty-third Ward Bank, a trustee of the Dollar Savings Bank, and president of the Real Estate Auctioneers' Association of New York City.
His daughter Edith Wells married Rev. Charles C. Harriman, Rector of St. Ann's Church in The Bronx, in 1908, and died three years later aged 23.
He died at his home at 277 Alexander Avenue, in the Bronx on September 5, 1928.