OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sabil Abu Nabbut

Sabil Abu Nabbut (Arabic: سبيل أبو نبوت) also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Jaffa, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem.

## History and architecture

The sabil was built by the Governor of Jaffa, Muhammad Abu Nabbut in about 1815. It was intended to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem, and was part of Abu Nabbut's rehabilitation efforts in the city. It was seen by numerous travelers, merchants and pilgrims on their journey between the two cities.
Despite the fame of the sabil, very little is known about its origin and design. During inquiries in Jaffa in the 1870s, Clermont-Ganneau encountered a master mason named Ali Sida of whom he wrote: "This man, now of advanced age, directed all the works that were set on foot at the beginning of the century by the legendary Abu Nabbut, Governor of Jaffa, the same that gave his name to the pretty fountain, or Sebil Abu Nabbut..."
The building is a small rectangular stone structure with three domes with a sabil (fountain) in the middle. At each corner of the building is a cylindrical pier with projecting domed finials (now missing). The principal building material is kurkar stone, with some reused limestone blocks incorporated into the masonry, and marble used for decoration.
The principal façade of the sabil is its western side, with the fountain contained within a large shallow niche framed with cyma reversa moulding. The fountain is surrounded by four white flat marble columns set against a background of red marble. Above the two central columns is a plaque commemorating the construction of the sabil in 1236 H (1815-1816 CE). On either side of the sabil are windows. These windows were blocked up in about 1960. There are three-ridged domes that crown the building, as well as the multitude of finials on the domes and the small pinnacles that refine the building's silhouette.
The entrances are at the north and south sides of the building. Although now blocked, each entrance had an open iwan facing outwards. The arches are decorated with a band containing diamond-shaped lozenges.
The east side has a pair of windows, now blocked. In the centre of the east side is a doorway opening into the domed room at the back of the sabil. The interior of this room is undecorated, and is now used as a park keeper's hut.

## "Tomb of Tabitha/Dorcas"

The fountain was pointed out to Western travellers as the "Tomb of Dorcas" (aka Tabitha, a New Testament figure), or more precisely as a Muslim fountain built at the burial place of Tabitha/Dorcas, as shown for instance by the caption of a photo taken around 1900 (see photo).

## Sculpture garden

In 2000 a sculpture garden by the Israeli painter and sculptor Yigal Tumarkin was established next to the sabil.
# 28 Squadron PN

28 ASW Squadron is a maritime patrol squadron of the Pakistan Navy stationed at PNS Mehran in Karachi. Equipped with Lockheed P-3C Orions, the squadron is assigned Anti-submarine warfare wartime role.

## History

28 Squadron was formed at PNS Mehran between 1996 and 1997 when the first batch of three Orions were inducted. In 2020, the navy initiated its LRMPA modernization program under which the P-3C Orions of 28 squadron would be replaced with 10 militarized versions of the Embraer Lineage-1000 jets also known as Sea Sultans. The first of these jets arrived at PNS Mehran in 2021 for which an induction ceremony attended by the navy's top brass was organized.

### Operational history

The squadron's Orions were deployed on combat support operations at NWFP during Counter-insurgency ops in early 2010.
In 2019, a P-3C of the squadron alongside PNS Shamsheer and PNS Muhafiz took part in the International Maritime Exercise 2019 (IMX 19). At the same time an Orion was also deployed in the Aegean Sea for the Dogu Akdeniz-19 naval exercise with Turkey during which it reportedly breached into Greek airspace over disputed territory alongside several Turkish warplanes.
In 2021, a P-3C Orion intercepted an Indian Kulvari class submarine in Pakistani waters.

## Accidents

* In the 2011 PNS Mehran attack, the squadron lost two P-3C Orions which were blown up by the militants with RPGs.
* A Lockheed P-3C Orion of the 28 Squadron crashed off the coast of Pasni on 29 October 1999 during a routine patrol exercise resulting in the loss of 10 officers and 11 sailors. The wreckage was found submerged after 6 hours by navy helicopters.

## Media

* P-3C Orions of the 28 Squadron during the 2016 Pakistan Day Parade
* 28 Squadron personnel receive German navy Lockheed P-3 Orion on goodwill visit at PNS Mehran
# Toni Innauer

Anton Innauer (born 1 April 1958) is an Austrian former ski jumper.

## Career

His best-known success was at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, where he won a gold medal in the individual normal hill event. Innauer also won a silver medal in the individual large hill at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck and the ski jumping event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1975. He also won the silver medal at the Ski flying World Championships in Vikersund in 1977.
On 5 March 1976, he set the ski jumping world record distance at 174 metres (571 ft). And again two days later improved world record at 176 metres (577 ft), both of them set in Oberstdorf, West Germany.
Innauer retired from competitions in 1980 due to an ankle injury. In 1987, he graduated from the University of Graz with a degree in philosophy, psychology, and sports science. His thesis was on the sociology of ski jumping. Between 1987 and 1989, he was a ski jumper and ski jumping coach. In 1989–1992 and 2001/02, he trained the Austrian ski jumping team. In 1993–2001 and since 2002, he has been director of Nordic skiing in the Austrian Ski Federation (ÖSV). He is also the ski jumping expert for German TV channel ZDF.
At a 1976 (March 5–7) ski jumping event in Oberstdorf, Germany, Innauer became the first person to achieve perfect marks from all five judges (20 points maximum). This mark has been matched by only five others since: Kazuyoshi Funaki at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Sven Hannawald and Hideharu Miyahira at the same 2003 World Cup competition in Willingen, Germany, Wolfgang Loitzl at Bischofshofen, Austria in 2009 during the 2008/09 Four Hills Tournament. and Peter Prevc in 2015 World Cup competition in Planica

## World Cup
### Standings

| Season | Overall | 4H |
| 1979/80 | 9 | 35 |

### Wins

| No. | Season | Date | Location | Hill | Size |
| 1 | 1979/80 | 27 December 1979 | Cortina d'Ampezzo | Trampolino Italia K92 | NH |
| 2 | 1979/80 | 2 March 1980 | Engelberg | Gross-Titlis-Schanze K116 | LH |

## Ski jumping world records

| Date | Hill | Location | Metres | Feet |
| 5 March 1976 | Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze K175 | Oberstdorf, West Germany | 174 | 571 |
| 7 March 1976 | Heini-Klopfer-Skiflugschanze K175 | Oberstdorf, West Germany | 176 | 577 |
# Thomas Bruce, 1st Baron of Clackmannan

Sir Thomas Bruce, 1st (feudal) Baron of Clackmannan(died before 1348) was the first Baron of Clackmannan.
King David II of Scotland, near the end of his life, appears to have regarded Thomas as the next most senior member of the Bruce family, meaning that he was believed to be a male line descendant of Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale, but his exact relationship to the royal Bruces is unclear. It has been suggested that he was the illegitimate son of Robert the Bruce or Edward Bruce, but there is no clear evidence for this; he may have belonged to a more distant branch of the family.
Thomas was granted land in Clackmannan by King Robert II of Scotland after organizing a revolt against the English in 1334. He married Marjorie Charteris and it is from this line which most Bruces descend, including the current Chief of Clan Bruce, Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin. Thomas and Marjorie's children included Robert Bruce, 2nd Baron of Clackmannan.

## Sources

* 1 2 Gordon A. C. MacGregor, Bruce of Cultmalundy, in The Red Book of Perthshire (Perthshire Heritage Trust, 2006)
* ↑ Balfour Paul, James, ed. (1906). The Scots Peerage, Vol. III. Edinburgh: David Douglas. pp. 466–467. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
# Louise Arnold

Louise Arnold may refer to:
* Louise Arnold (writer)
* Louise Arnold (baseball)
# Jean-Claude Nallet

Jean-Claude Nallet (13 March 1947 – 19 August 2023) was a French sprinter that competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics in the 400 m and 4 × 400 m relay and at the 1976 Summer Olympics in the 400 m hurdles and reached the final in the relay. He won two gold and two silver medals in these events at the European championships of 1969 to 1974. Nallet retired after finishing sixth in the 400 m hurdles at the 1978 European Athletics Championships. He was married to French Olympic gymnast Chantal Seggiaro.
Nallet died on 19 August 2023, at the age of 76.
# Piru, Indonesia

Piru is a small town and capital of the West Seram Regency on the southwestern coast of the Indonesian island of Seram. At the 2020 Census, it had 16,336 inhabitants, increasing to 16,368 at the mid 2022 official estimate.
On 21–22 August 1999 there was violent conflict in the area and other settlements such as Ariate, Loki, Laala and Wailissa, which resulted in 12 deaths in total on the island.

## Climate

Piru has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate rainfall in July and August and heavy rainfall in the remaining months.
Climate data for Piru :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) | 30.8 (87.4) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 29.7 (85.5) | 30.9 (87.6) | 30.8 (87.4) | 29.7 (85.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.6 (79.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.6 (74.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 214 (8.4) | 205 (8.1) | 211 (8.3) | 183 (7.2) | 184 (7.2) | 173 (6.8) | 107 (4.2) | 117 (4.6) | 139 (5.5) | 128 (5.0) | 197 (7.8) | 283 (11.1) | 2,141 (84.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# Rahul Kanwal

Rahul Kanwal is an Indian TV news anchor and News Director at India Today. He is the anchor host of the prime-time show Newstrack on weekdays and the interview-based show Jab We Met on India Today TV.

## Education and career

Kanwal was educated at St. Joseph's College, Allahabad. He then studied journalism at Delhi University. He is a Chevening scholar and did a programme in International Broadcast Journalism from Cardiff University. He won a Rory Peck Trust grant for a course in Hostile Environment Journalism.
Kanwal started his career in 1999 as an anchor-cum-reporter with Zee News and joined Aaj Tak in 2002. He has also served as the Editor-at-Large of Aaj Tak and India Today in TV Today Group.
In 2019, Kanwal interviewed India's union minister Piyush Goyal, and questioned the minister over the Balakot strikes. He was criticized for simulating a skirmish between CRPF and Naxal insurgents in his TV show.

## Awards

In 2013, Kanwal was awarded the best anchor at the Indian Television Academy Awards.
He was awarded the National annual award as part of the Maharana of Mewar Charitable Foundation in 2016.
In 2019, he was awarded in the Best Anchor category at the Exchange4media News Broadcasting Awards.
# Birbhum Coalfield

Birbhum coal field is a large coal field located in the east of India in West Bengal. Birbhum is having estimated reserves of 5 billion tonnes of coal.
Deucha Pachami coal block spread over an area of 9.7 km$^2$ is to be developed by Bengal Birbhum Coal Company Limited. Another potential coal reserve is Dewanganj Harinsingha block with an estimated area of 2.6 km$^2$. These blocks are located in Mohammad Bazar CD Block.
# Louise Arnold (writer)

Louise Arnold is an English writer of children's literature. Her published works to date include the Grey Arthur series of novels.

## Biography
### Personal life

Arnold was born in Morden, Surrey. She wrote her first poem aged four, and lived in Bognor Regis until she passed her A-Level exams. She graduated from the University of Kent in 2003 with a 2.1 in drama. While studying there, she was diagnosed with dyslexia. She now lives in Canterbury, Kent.

### Professional life

In 2003 the BBC News website launched a competition to find "The next J. K. Rowling". Entrants were invited to submit the first paragraph of a children's book. A selection of these was then put to an online public vote, which Arnold subsequently won with her entry, entitled "A not very frightening ghost". She was signed by an agent, Kate Jones, which then led to a publishing deal, with her first novel The Invisible Friend being released in 2005.
   "I was contacted by an agent and had to go for meetings which was very daunting because the industry was all new to me and I had little clue how it all worked...But I got lucky with the people I met and I realise how lucky I am to have this opportunity."
   "I was given a deadline of a year to write the book, which I delivered on time. I'm a bit of daydreamer so I needed that deadline to get me down to working."

## Published works

* Golden & Grey (An Unremarkable Boy and a Rather Remarkable Ghost) (2005)
* Golden & Grey: The Nightmares That Ghosts Have (2006)
* Golden & Grey: A Good Day for Haunting (2008)
In England, the title instead of An Unremarkable Boy and a Rather Remarkable Ghost is:
* The Invisible Friend
and the title for The Nightmares That Ghosts Have is:
* The Ghost School

## Interviews

* Spotlight on Louise Arnold
# Umeh Emmanuel

Umeh Umeh Emmanuel (born 31 August 2004) is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Swiss side FC Zürich.

## Club career

Emmanuel played for the Right2win Football Academy in Nigeria before moving to Russian side Vista Gelendzhik.
In 2022, he joined Botev Plovdiv. On 15 October 2022, he made his professional debut in Botev Plovdiv 3–1 victory against Pirin. Emmanuel scored his first professional goal on 4 March 2023 against Cherno More and brought a 2–1 win for his club.
On the 8th of July, Emmanuel signed a five-year contract with Swiss team FC Zürich.

## International career

Emmanuel represented Nigeria's under-20 team at the 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He appeared all five matches as Nigeria was knocked-out by South Korea in the quarter-finals. Emmanuel didn't score any goals during the tournament but provided two assists.

## Honours

Botev Plovdiv
* Bulgarian Cup: 2023–24
# Tetramethylammonium fluoride

Tetramethyl­ammonium fluoride, commonly abbreviated TMAF, is the quaternary ammonium salt with the formula (CH$_3$)$_4$NF. This hygroscopic white solid is a source of “naked fluoride": fluoride ions not complexed with a metal atom. Most other soluble salts of fluoride are in fact bifluorides, HF$_2$$^–$. Historically, there have been two main approaches to prepare tetramethyl­ammonium fluoride: hydrofluoric acid neutralization of tetramethyl­ammonium hydroxide, and salt metathesis between different ammonium salts and inorganic fluoride sources, such as KF or CsF. Because the fluoride anion is extremely basic, the salt slowly reacts with acetonitrile, inducing dimerization to CH$_3$C(NH$_2$)=CHCN, which co-crystallizes.

## Related salts

* Tetramethyl­phosphonium fluoride (CH$_3$)$_4$PF forms stable acetonitrile solutions. It is prepared from the ylide and potassium bifluoride:
    (CH$_3$)$_3$P=CH$_2$ + KHF$_2$ → (CH$_3$)$_4$PF + KF
    Gaseous tetramethylphosphonium fluoride exists as the phosphorane but autoionizes in acetonitrile solution. A more elaborate phosphazenium salt ([(CH$_3$)$_2$N)$_3$P]$_2$N$^+$F$^−$) is also known.
* Anhydrous Tetrabutylammonium fluoride has been prepared by the reaction of hexafluorobenzene and tetrabutylammonium cyanide.
# Alanís

Alanís is a municipality in Seville. In 2005 it had a population of 1,937. It has an area of 280 square kilometers and a population density of 6.9 people per square kilometer. It is located at an altitude of 660 meters and is 106 kilometers from Seville.

## Demographics

The population has been steadily decreasing from 1,843 in 2013 to 1,675 at its current population.
Historical population of Alanís :
| Year | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| Population | 1843 | 1832 | 1820 | 1811 | 1781 | 1746 | 1723 | 1706 | 1716 | 1689 | 1675 |

## Monuments

Alanís has several monuments.

### Religious monuments

* Ermita de San Juan (S XIV), which is mudejar. In 1907 it was repaired.
* Ermita de Nuestra Señora de las Angustias. Gothic. Remade in the 18th century.
* Ermita de Ntro Padre Jesus de Nazareno. From the 16th century. It can be visited from 10 AM to 10 PM.
* Iglesia Parroquial Ntra Sra de las Nieves. Important Gothic altarpiece.
* Ermita de San Miguel de la Breña.

### Other monuments

* Castillo de Alanís, of Arabic origin.
# Gilbert Brunat

Gilbert Brunat (28 February 1958 – 16 November 2019) was a French rugby union player who played wing and hooker.

## Career

After his start at Union sportive in Iseaux, Brunat began playing for SO Chambéry. His talent was discovered and he was selected for the France national rugby union team.
After playing one season with FC Aix-les-Bains, Brunat began playing for FC Grenoble in 1986, where he lasted for seven years.

### A French championship Title private following a refereeing error with Grenoble 1993

Despite overpowering pack called the Mammoths of Grenoble his club tilts on the score of 14-11. A try of Olivier Brouzet is denied to Grenoble and the decisive try by Gary Whetton was awarded by the referee, Daniel Salles, when in fact the defender Franck Hueber from Grenoble touched down the ball first in his try zone. This error gave the title to Castres. Salles admitted the error 13 years later. Jacques Fouroux the coach of FC Grenoble in conflict with the Federation and who was already suspicious before the match of the referee cry out conspiracy.
He finished his playing career in 1996 with CS Bourgoin-Jallieu.
Brunat had two stints coaching US Montmélian and one with U.S. Vinay.
Gibert Brunat died on 16 November 2019.

## Honours

* French premiership:
** Runners-up (1) : 1993 (FC Grenoble)
* Challenge Yves du Manoir:
** Champions (2) : 1981 (FC Lourdes), 1987 (FC Grenoble)
** Runners-up (1) : 1990 (FC Grenoble)
* Coupe de France:
** Runners-up (1) : 1984 (FC Lourdes)
# L&YR Class 24

The L&YR Class 24 was a class of short-wheelbase 0-6-0T steam locomotives of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR). It was designed by Aspinall and introduced in 1897 for shunting duties. Twenty locomotives were built, but six were withdrawn between 1917 and 1922.
They were notable for being the first design of a locomotive on the L&YR to use a Belpaire firebox.

## Design and construction

They were designed for use in freight yards with sharp curves and steep inclines where more power was needed than that provided by alternative 0-4-0ST Aspinall Pugs.
This was the first time for a new build on the L&YR a Belpaire firebox was used. The short-wheelbase design included outside cylinders with Richardson balanced valves on top; these being controlled by a combination of Allan motion and rocking shaft. These locomotives – together with the Improved Precedent Class on the London and North Western Railway – were the last locomotives built with the Allan straight link motion.

### Modifications

The steam reversing gear, helpful for faster shunting operations, was later replaced by a screw which negated this effect. The push and pull regulator handle seemed to have been responsible for a number of minor accidents through lack of fine control was also replaced by a standard type. Those working in the Liverpool docks area had bells fitted beneath the boiler.
Seven of the remaining engines were re-built with Barton Wright type round top boilers around the 1917–1919 period.

### Fleet

Table of locomotives :
| L&YR no. | LMS no. | BR no. | Withdrawn |
| 1351 | | | 1916 or earlier |
| 1352 | 11533 | | 1926 |
| 1353 | 11534 | | 1928 |
| 1354 | | | 1914 |
| 1355 | 11535 | 51535 | 1956 |
| 1356 | 11536 | 51536 | 1954 |
| 1357 | | | 1917 |
| 1358 | 11537 | 51537 | 1961 |
| 1359 | 11538 | | 1932 |
| 1360 | 11539 | | 1926 |
| 493 | | | 1914 |
| 494 | 11540 | | 1931 |
| 495 | 11541 | | 1926 |
| 496 | 11542 | | 1931 |
| 499 | 11543 | | 1932 |
| 501 | 11544 | 51544 | 1959 |
| 503 | | | 1914 |
| 505 | 11545 | | 1936 |
| 506 | 11546 | 51546 | 1959 |
| 507 | | | 1914 |

## Service

The class was allocated mostly to yards in the Liverpool area with Newton Heath and Agecroft depots receiving a number for use in their local larger marshalling yards. One based at Ormskirk was noted for performing on the main line between shunting duties.
Fourteen locomotives passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at the grouping in 1923. After further withdrawals, 5 locomotives passed to British Railways (BR) in 1948 and they were numbered as shown in the table above. All had been withdrawn by 1961. None were preserved.
# Robert Bruce (British Army officer, born 1821)

General Robert Bruce of Glendouglie (3 December 1821 – 14 October 1891) was a British Army officer who became colonel of the Queen's Royal Regiment. He was Commander of the Forces in Scotland from 1878 to 1880.

## Early life and family

Robert Bruce was born in 1821 in Nord, France, the third son of John Bruce Bruce-Pryce (born John Bruce Knight, later Bruce-Pryce; 1784–1872), a Royal Navy agent and banker; and his first wife, Sarah Ann Austin (1788–1842), daughter of Rev. Hugh Williams Austin. Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare, was his elder brother. He was of Scottish, Welsh and English descent and grew up at the family's estate Dyffryn, Glamorganshire.

## Military career

Bruce was commissioned as an ensign in the 74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot on 9 June 1838. He saw action with his regiment in the 8th Xhosa War between 1851 and 1853. He became commanding officer of the 2nd battalion of his regiment in August 1857 in which capacity he was deployed to Gibraltar. He went on to become commander of the troops in the North British District in 1878. He became colonel of the East Yorkshire Regiment on 4 February 1890 and colonel of the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) on 6 June 1891.

## Marriage

In 1857, Bruce married 1857 Rachel Frances Corbet, daughter of Richard Corbet of Adderley, Shropshire. They had seven daughters.
* Constance Mary (23 January 1858 – ), married in 1879 Sir Francis Charles Gore
* Isabel (1860 – 27 February 1918), married in 1891 to Col. John Anstruther-Thomson of Charleton and Carntyne, 18th Lord St Clair (1818–1904), son of John Anstruther-Thomson
* Augusta Rachael (1861 – 15 February 1946), married in 1908 Lt-Col Sir Stewart Blakeley Agnew Patterson
* Amy Gertrude (1863 – 10 October 1939), married Thomas Edward Erskine
* Eleanor Blanche (20 November 1865 – 1947), married in 1896 John Hugh Armstrong Elliot
* Janet Sara (1866 – ), married in 1904 as his second wife Ludovick Duncombe-Jewell Cameron
* Margaret Lucy (7 March 1872 – 12 April 1951)