OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernst Walch

Ernst Joseph Walch (born 12 May 1956) is a politician from Liechtenstein who served as the President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein in 1993. He also served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1989 to 1996.

## Early life

He studied law in Innsbruck, where he earned his doctorate in 1980, and at the New York University School of Law, Graduate Division, Institute of Comparative Law, where he received his Master of Comparative Jurisprudence in 1981. He was admitted to the bar in the United States in 1983 and in Liechtenstein in 1984.

## Career

He was a member of the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1989 to 1996 as a member of the Progressive Citizens' Party. He was the President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein from February 1993 to October 1993. From 1983 to 1993 Walch represented the Progressive Citizens' Party as member of the Steering committee of the European Democrat Union. He served as the Liechtenstein minister of foreign affairs from 2001 to 2005 in the first Otmar Hasler cabinet.
Walch belongs to various professional organizations, including the New York State Bar Association, the Liechtenstein Law Society and the German-Austrian-Swiss Registered Association of Lawyers (DACH). He is also a certified interpreter and translator for English and German. In addition, he has authored numerous publications on international legal issues, notably international commercial law. He is a partner in the Liechtenstein law firm Walch & Schurti.
From 2006 Walch was a member of the board of directors of the Liechtensteiner Volksblatt until it ceased operations in March 2023 due to declining subscriptions and rising costs. On 13 August 2024, the Progressive Citizens' Party nominated Walch for Prime Minister of Liechtenstein in the 2025 Liechtenstein general election. At 68 years old, he is the oldest candidate in Liechtenstein's history.

## Personal life

Walch married Margrit Keller (10 December 1955 – 2024) on 22 November 1980 and they had six children together. She died of cancer in 2024.

## Honours

* Liechtenstein : Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein (1994)
# Polygraph (author)

A polygraph (from Ancient Greek: πολύς, poly = "many" and γράφειν, graphein = "to write") is an author who writes in a variety of fields.
In literature, the term polygraph is often applied to certain writers of antiquity such as Aristotle, Plutarch, Varro, Cicero and Pliny the Elder. Polygraphs still existed in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, but, other than writers of books for children, they have become rarer in modern times due to the specialisation of knowledge. Voltaire and Diderot are examples of modern polygraphs.

## Polygraph writers
### Classical Antiquity

* Xenophon
* Philostratus of Lemnos
* Duris of Samos
* Suetonius
* Apuleius
* Apion

### Middle Ages

* Abu Nuwas
* Isidore of Seville
* Jacob of Edessa
* Al-Jahiz
* Michael Psellos
* Bar-Hebraeus
* Piero Valeriano Bolzani

### Early modern period (1500-1800)

* Carlo Amoretti
* Jean-François de Bastide
* Giuseppe Betussi
* Jacques Pierre Brissot
* Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras
* Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
* Ferdinand Hoefer
* Athanasius Kircher
* Pierre-Jean Le Corvaisier [fr]
* Pierre Louis Manuel
* Mathieu-François Pidansat de Mairobert
* Nicolas Edme Restif de La Bretonne
* César Vichard de Saint-Réal
* Francesco Sansovino
* Charles Sorel

### Modern era (1800 onwards)

* August Strindberg
* Jean-Marie-Vincent Audin
* Arthur Conan Doyle
* Pierre Gévart
* Henry de Graffigny
* T. Proctor Hall
* Léon Halévy
* Vincent Labaume
* Paul Lacroix
* Gustave Le Rouge
* Simin Palay
* Christian Plume
* Claude Roy
* Ludwig Tieck
* Isaac Asimov
* Stephen Jay Gould

## Other usage

The term can be used in a pejorative sense to mean a journalist who writes on many subjects but without expertise in any particular one. The composer Georg Telemann was considered, somewhat pejoratively, a polygraph by critics due to the vast number and variety of his musical compositions.
# Jacques-André Naigeon

Jacques-André Naigeon (15 July 1738, Paris – 28 February 1810, Paris) was a French artist, atheist-materialist philosopher, editor and man of letters best known for his contributions to the Encyclopédie and for reworking Baron d'Holbach's and Diderot's manuscripts.

## Biography

After trying his hand at painting and sculpture, Naigeon became a friend and associate of Denis Diderot, whom he helped to work on the Encyclopédie. He soon became involved with the Coterie Holbachique, a group of radical French Enlightenment thinkers centered on the Paris salon of Baron d'Holbach. Naigeon quickly adopted the Baron's atheist principles and collaborated with him on his works, overseeing their clandestine printing in Amsterdam and editing d'Holbach's Morale Universelle and his Essai sur les préjugés. Priding himself on a thorough knowledge of the classics, Naigeon would also edit a French translation of the works of Seneca begun by Nicolas La Grange, publishing it along with Diderot's Essai sur les régnes de Claude et de Néron (Paris, 1778). Other editorial work included the Essays of Montaigne and a translation of Toland's philosophical letters.
Naigeon became the editor, compiler and commentator of Diderot's works after the latter made him his literary executor. He published an incomplete edition of Diderot's works in 1798 after writing Mémoires historiques et philosophiques sur la vie et les ouvrages de Diderot, an unfinished commentary on his life and works.
Naigeon's only original stand-alone work was Le militaire philosophe, ou Difficultés sur la religion, proposées au Père Malebranche (London and Amsterdam, 1768), which was based on an earlier anonymous manuscript and whose final chapter was written by d'Holbach. This work mostly repeated the atheist, anti-Christian, determinist materialist arguments found in the radical literature of the second half of the 18th century.
Naigeon continued his attacks on religion in his Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Philosophy in the Encyclopédie méthodique (1791–1794). In his address to the National Assembly in 1790 (Adresse à l'Assemblée nationale sur la liberté des opinions) he called for absolute freedom of the press, asking the Assembly to withhold the name of God and religion from their declaration of the rights of man.
# Monika Kruszona

Monika Kruszona (born August 4, 1985 in Krefeld) is a German water polo player. She plays for SV Blau-Weiss Bochum in the Deutsche Wasserball-Liga, the highest water polo competition in Germany.

## Career

Monika Kruszona began playing for SV Blau-Weiss Bochum in 2003. With her club she won eight consecutive national championships (2003 to 2010) and also seven times the national cup competition (only in 2007 SV Bayer Uerdingen 08 one).
For the German national team she participated in the world youth championships 2001 in Perth and 2003 in Calgary. With 23 goals she was the best goalscorer during the Calgary tournament (together with her teammate Barbara Bujka) For the senior squad she played at the world championships 2003 in Barcelona, 2005 in Montréal and 2007 in Melbourne. Furthermore, she was a member of the German team that participated in the European championships 2001 in Budapest, 2003 in Ljubljana, 2006 in Belgrade and 2008 in Málaga.
# 2019 in Zambia

Events in the year 2019 in Zambia.

## Incumbents

* President: Edgar Lungu
* Vice-President: Inonge Wina
* Chief Justice: Irene Mambilima

## Deaths

* 21 January – Lupando Mwape, politician, Vice-President 2004–2006 (born c. 1950).
* 19 March – Brenda Muntemba, diplomat (b. 1970).
# 1952 Scottish League Cup final

The 1952 Scottish League Cup final was played on 25 October 1952, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 7th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Dundee and Kilmarnock. Dundee won the match 2–0, thanks to two goals by Bobby Flavell. This meant that they retained the trophy, having beaten Rangers in the previous season.

## Match details

DUNDEE : :
| GK | Bobby Henderson |
| FB | Gerry Follon |
| FB | Gordon Frew |
| RH | Ken Ziesing |
| CH | Alf Boyd |
| LH | Doug Cowie |
| RW | Jimmy Toner |
| IF | Bert Henderson |
| CF | Bobby Flavell |
| IF | Billy Steel |
| LW | George Christie |
| Manager: ||||
| George Anderson ||||
KILMARNOCK : :
| GK | John Niven |
| FB | Ralph Collins |
| FB | Jimmy Hood |
| RH | John Russell |
| CH | Bob Thyne |
| LH | Jimmy Middlemass |
| RW | Tommy Henaughan |
| IF | Willie Harvey |
| CF | Gerry Mays |
| IF | Willie Jack |
| LW | Matt Murray |
| Manager: ||||
| Malky McDonald ||||
# David Bulfield

David Alfred Bulfield (15 January 1938 – 22 January 2025) was an English cricketer. Born in Lancaster, Bulfield was a right-handed batsman and a leg-break bowler who had a long career with Dorset in the Minor Counties Championship.
Debuting for Dorset in 1956, at the age of 18, Bulfield made a single List A appearance, in a Gillette Cup match against Staffordshire on 30 June 1973. Opening the batting, Bulfield scored 5 runs as Dorset lost by 79 runs.
Outside of his cricketing career, Bulfield was a teacher, becoming a master at Downside School.
Bulfield died on 22 January 2025, survived by his wife Valerie.
# George Luxton

George Nasmith Luxton (August 13, 1901 – October 2, 1970) was the Anglican bishop of Huron in Canada in the mid-20th century.
Educated at the University of Toronto, he was ordained in 1925. He was a curate at Christ's Church Cathedral, Hamilton then rector at Christ Church, Calgary. After further incumbencies at St Catharines, Ontario and Grace Church on-the-Hill, Toronto he became Dean of Huron in 1943 and its bishop in 1948.
# 2023 in Tuvalu

Events from 2023 in Tuvalu.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Charles III
* Governor-General: Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani
* Prime Minister: Kausea Natano

## Events

Ongoing – COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania; COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu
* 6 May – Coronation of Charles III as King of Tuvalu and the other Commonwealth realms. Governor-General Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani attend the ceremony in London.
* 10 November – In the Falepili Union treaty, Australia grants "special" freedom of movement and defence rights to Tuvaluans for residence and employment for climate reasons.
# William Hume Blake

William Hume Blake QC (10 March 1809 – 15 November 1870) was an Irish-Canadian jurist and politician. He was the father of Edward Blake, an Ontario Premier and federal Liberal party of Canada leader, and the first Chancellor of Upper Canada.
He was born at his grandfather's home, Humewood Castle, Kiltegan, County Wicklow, Ireland, the son of the Rev. Dominick Edward Blake, and Ann, daughter of William Hume (1747–1798) MP, of Humewood Castle. His ancestors were counted among the Tribes of Galway. He was educated at Trinity College Dublin. In 1832 he emigrated to Canada and settled on a farm in Middlesex County, specifically Adelaide. In a few years he removed to Toronto, studied law, and was called to the bar in 1838. He soon distinguished himself in the profession, but was strongly interested in the political issues which agitated the province. In 1848 he was elected to the Legislature for East York (now Ontario County) and in the same year was appointed Solicitor-General for Upper Canada in the Lafontaine-Baldwin ministry. In 1849 he prepared the act reforming the practice and organization of the Court of Chancery in Upper Canada and resigned from the ministry in order to become in 1849 the first chancellor of the court. In March, 1862, he resigned on account of failing health, and eight years later he died in Toronto. He was named a Queen's Counsel in 1848.

## Family

William Hume Blake, Esquire, married Catherine Honoria Hume (born in 1804), daughter of Joseph Samuel Hume, and Eliza, in 1832. The couple emigrated to Canada in 1832. Her death on 3 February 1886, resulted from an accident. She served on the Committee of Management of the Toronto General Hospital and of the Female Emigrant Society and other similar bodies.
The couple were the parents of the Hon. Edward Blake, an Ontario Premier and federal Liberal party of Canada leader and of the Hon. Samuel Hume Blake, K.C., a member of the Ontario Bar.
# 2000 in Uganda

Events in the year 2000 in Uganda.

## Incumbents

* President: Yoweri Museveni
* Vice President: Specioza Kazibwe
* Prime Minister: Apolo Nsibambi

## Events

* 17 March – The Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God kills over 700 of its members inside a church compound in Kanungu after the movement's failed prophecy of the apocalypse did not materialize on 1 January 2000.
* 29 June – 2000 Ugandan multi-party referendum is held.
* Uganda National Academy of Sciences is established

## Births

* 12 March – Stephani Nampiina, cricketer
# M. Mohanan

M. Mohanan is an Indian director working in the Malayalam film industry. He began writing in college and was encouraged by the actor Sreenivasan who gave him confidence writing scripts. He worked as an assistant director to Sathyan Anthikad for 14 films.
He is the recipient of Kerala State Film Awards for Best Story and Best Popular Film. His movies include Katha Parayumpol (2007), Manikyakkallu (2011), 916 (2012) and Aravindante Athidhikal (2018).

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Actors | Notes |
| 2007 | Katha Parayumpol | Mammootty, Sreenivasan, Meena, Mukesh, Innocent | Debut Movie |
| 2011 | Manikyakkallu | Prithviraj, Samvrutha Sunil, Nedumudi Venu | |
| 2012 | 916 | Asif Ali, Anoop Menon, Mukesh, Malavika Menon | |
| 2015 | My God | Suresh Gopi, Honey Rose | |
| 2018 | Aravindante Athidhikal | Vineeth Sreenivasan, Sreenivasan, Nikhila Vimal | |
| 2025 | Oru Jaathi Jathakam | Vineeth Sreenivasan, Nikhila Vimal | |
# Andrew Hutchison

Andrew Sandford Hutchison (born 19 September 1938) is a Canadian retired Anglican bishop who served as Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada from 2004 to 2007. Prior to his election at the General Synod of 2004, he was the Bishop of Montreal and Metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province of Canada (which, despite its name, covers southern Quebec, the Maritimes, and Newfoundland). He was viewed as one of the more liberal contenders in the primatial election, and was Canadian Chair of Affirming Catholicism. He was elected amid controversy over his support for blessing same-sex unions (he had stated he does not favour same-sex marriage as such).

## Life and career

Hutchison began his ecclesiastical career as a transitional deacon at Christ Church Deer Park in the Diocese of Toronto. He is a graduate and lifelong supporter of Upper Canada College. Hutchison studied at York University and the University of Trinity College, and he is fluent in English and French.
Following his confirmation as Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada, Hutchison toured Cuba in February 2005, meeting with religious leaders of the Episcopal Church of Cuba and theology students in Cuba, as well as government officials and the Roman Catholic Archbishop.
Hutchison delivered a response in late 2005 to the call for the destruction of Israel by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, condemning Ahmadinejad for his remarks which incite "hatred of the Jewish people and supporting violence against them."
During the 2006 Canadian federal election, Hutchison co-authored a letter (with the Bishop of Toronto and Bishop Michael Pryse of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada's Eastern Synod) to deliver a plea for more funding to alleviate poverty in Canada.
In April 2006, Hutchison announced that he would be retiring in 2007, just after the General Synod elected his successor as well as attaining the retirement age for Anglican clergy (between 65–70 years of age), as he reached his 70th birthday that year.
He was succeeded by Fred Hiltz, the Bishop of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, who was elected Primate on 22 June 2007.
# HMS York

Ten ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS York after the city of York, the county seat of Yorkshire, on the River Ouse.
* HMS York (1660), 52-gun Speaker-class frigate launched 1654 as Marston Moor; renamed York upon the Restoration 1660; ran aground and wrecked 1703
* HMS York (1706), 60-gun fourth rate launched 1706; sunk 1751 at Sheerness as a breakwater
* HMS York (1753), 60-gun fourth rate launched 1753; broken up 1772
* HMS York (1777), 12-gun sloop-of-war Betsy captured from the Americans; purchased into the Royal Navy March 1777; captured by the French, 1778; recovered by the British; recaptured by the French, July 1779; renamed Duc D'York; armed with eighteen, 4-pounder guns; broken up 1783
* HMS York (1779), was the former East Indiaman Pigot, which the Royal Navy purchased in 1779 for use as storeship in the West Indies; sold in 1781 to local buyers in India.
* HMS York (1796), 64-gun third rate, intended to be the East Indiaman Royal Admiral; purchased on the stocks 1796 and converted; wrecked 1804
* HMS York (1807), 74-gun third rate launched 1807; converted to a convict ship 1819; broken up 1854
* HMS York (1915), a former merchant ship used as an armed boarding steamer in the First World War
* HMS York (90), York-class cruiser launched 1928; damaged by Italian motor launches and scuttled in Crete May 1941; scrapped 1952
* HMS York (D98), Type 42 destroyer launched 1982; Decommissioned in 2012

## Battle Honours

* Lowestoft 1665
* Orfordness 1666
* Sole Bay 1672
* Schooneveld 1673
* Texel 1673
* Louisbourg 1758
* Martinique 1809
* Atlantic 1939
* Norway 1940
* Mediterranean 1940–41
* Malta Convoys 1941
# Terrells Creek (Haw River tributary, right bank)

Terrells Creek is a 12.47 mi (20.07 km) long 3rd order tributary to the Haw River, right bank in Chatham County, North Carolina.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
* Terrell Creek

## Course

Terrells Creek rises in a pond about 0.25 miles north of Silk Hope, North Carolina in Chatham County and then flows east-northeast to the Haw River about 1 mile north of Terrells.

## Watershed

Terrells Creek drains 29.13 square miles (75.4 km$^2$) of area, receives about 47.4 in/year of precipitation, and has a wetness index of 424.76 and is about 55% forested.
# Charles Fisher (American football)

Charles Fisher (born February 2, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback as well as a scout for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers and was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round of the 1999 NFL draft.

## College career

Fisher was named to the second-team All-Big East while at West Virginia and majored in sports management.

## Professional career
### Cincinnati Bengals

Fisher was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round (33rd overall) of the 1999 NFL draft. As a rookie in 1999, Fisher was considered the Bengals future at cornerback, winning one of two starting cornerback spots after Corey Sawyer was released. However, in week one of the 1999 NFL season, about 12 plays into the game, Fisher tore all three major ligaments in his knee, the MCL, ACL and PCL and missed the rest of the season. The injury occurred when Fisher was attempting to cover Tennessee Titans wide receiver Kevin Dyson. His injury left the Bengals thin at cornerback, having to start Artrell Hawkins and fellow rookie Rodney Heath. Following the injury, many media members claimed that Fisher's career was over. The injury would prove to never allow him to regain full health and he never played another game in the NFL. He was released by the Bengals in 2001.

## Coaching career

Following his release from the Bengals, Fisher was hired as a coaching intern in the player personnel department for the Green Bay Packers. On June 16, 2003, Fisher was hired by the Seattle Seahawks as a scout. Fisher was present at the Mountaineers 2008 pro day, and was impressed by former Mountaineers running back Steve Slaton and safety Ryan Mundy. Fisher left the team after the conclusion of the 2009 season.
Fisher now works as the Director of Business Development at Octagon Football.
# Washington Light Infantry

The Washington Light Infantry is a military and social organization located in Charleston, South Carolina. Founded in 1807, it is one of the oldest of these militia groups still active in the United States.
Following the American Revolutionary War, tensions lingered between the fledgling United States and Great Britain, and many Americans feared another war. In cities across the new country, citizens organized themselves into private militia groups. Several were established in Charleston, including the Washington Light Artillery, which was named for George Washington. The company was first mustered into active service during the War of 1812, but did not see combat as British troops did not invade South Carolina. In 1827, the widow of Colonel William Washington presented the company with his old Revolutionary War battleflag.
In 1836, the company was activated and sent to Florida to combat hostile Seminole Indians during the Seminole Wars. They guarded the city of St. Augustine. Six years later, the company helped establish the South Carolina Military Academy (now The Citadel). During the Mexican–American War, the company became part of the Palmetto Regiment and marched into Mexico City in the army of Winfield Scott.
When South Carolina seceded from the Union in early 1861, the Washington Light Artillery reformed into three distinct companies and served in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. One company became Company A of the Hampton Legion. A total of 414 men served in the unit during the war, 114 of which were killed.
Following the war, the survivors returned home and helped reopen the closed military academy in 1882. They also formed the Washington Light Infantry Charitable Association to assist the families of fallen Confederate soldiers, as well as those men who had been invalided or otherwise disabled while on duty. (This organization still exists as the W.L.I. Charity Fund.)
In 1916, the unit took the field again, serving as border guards with Mexico near El Paso, Texas, at the request of President Woodrow Wilson. A year later, following the United States' entry into World War I, the WLI served in the United States Army overseas in the 105th Ammunition Train, 55th Field Artillery Brigade, 30th Division.
Following the armistice, the National Guard reorganized, and many of the state militia units were redesignated. The Washington Light Infantry became Company B of the 118th Infantry, South Carolina National Guard. In May 1921, the unit guarded ships and docks on behalf of the United States Shipping Board during a bitter dispute between sailors and shipping companies over wages.
Parts of the National Guard were sent overseas during World War II, and Company A was reinstituted for guard duty on the home front.
A military banquet is held in Charleston annually on February 22 coincident with Washington's Birthday.
# Thomazeau Volcano

Thomazeau Volcano or the Thomazeau cinder cones, is a group of extinct cinder cones outside of Thomazeau, Haiti, it was active from 1.5 million years ago to the Pleistocene.
It was discovered in 1982 by the Haitian Bureau of Mines and Energy, who discovered materials such as Nepheline, pyroclastic flows and basalt rock. Only a very well-preserved cone remains where its lava flow is distinctly visible.