OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Miriek people

Miriek people (Malay: Orang Miriek, Miriek: Jatti Miriek), also spelled Meirek or Mirek are an Austronesian ethnic group indigenous to Miri in eastern Sarawak, Malaysia. They are the autochthonous people of the city of Miri and its surrounding areas.

## Origins

According to Miriek folk story, the Mirieks originated from the territories of Apo Kayan people around Kayan river between modern day Kalimantan and Sarawak. The territorial expansion of the Kayans caused the Mirieks to migrate northwards into areas of Baram river before settled around Miri river (Likoh Miraik) on the northeastern coast of Sarawak in what is now modern day city of Miri.

## Culture

Culturally, the Mirieks have close ties with their Malay neighbours and share many similar cultures and lifestyle, which is why the Mirieks are originally classified as Malays and were only recognized as a distinct ethnic group by the Sarawakian government in 2022. They are traditionally farmers and fishermen with strong ties to the land of Miri before rapid urbanization of the city due to the discovery of oil. The rapid urbanization of Miri caused the traditional lands of Miriek people becoming more threatened by developers.

## Languages

The Miriek language (Tuttot Miriek) belongs to the Berawan-Lower Baram branch of the Austronesian language family and is closely related to Berawan and Tutong languages. The language is considered endangered as younger generations prefer to speak Malay as their main language. There are efforts to revitalize the usage of Miriek and several books have been published in the language such as Bup Iddeh Itai and Panduan Bercakap Bahasa Jatti Miriek.

## Religion

Miriek people traditionally adhere to Sunni Islam due to its historical contacts with the Malay Sultanate of Brunei and played an important role in their ethnic identity. The Islamic elements of Miriek people can be seen in their clothes, culture and arts.

## Ethnic subroups

There are two ethnic subgroups within Miriek people that is;
* Miriek Bahut - Historically the Bahut Mirieks did not practiced mixed marriages and often live within their communities.
* Miriek Permaisuri - according to a local folktale, Permaisuri Mirieks are said to be the descendants of a Bahut Miriek woman named Timah and Tahir who is the son of Ratu Permaisuri from Sulawesi. They are more open to mix marriages with other ethnic groups which surrounds them.
The main difference between these two groups is mainly historical and today there is hardly any distinction between them.
# Sanjeev Abhyankar

Pandit Sanjeev Abhyankar (born 5 October 1969) is a Hindustani classical music vocalist of the Mewati Gharana. Trained under Pandit Jasraj, he was a child prodigy and started his singing career at age 11. Since then has recorded over 60 solo albums and performed in over 200 cities across the world.
He won the National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer in 1999 for his song, Suno Re Bhaila, in the Hindi film, Godmother and also the Kumar Gandharva National Award 2008 from the Govt. of Madhya Pradesh for sustained excellence in the field of Classical Arts.

## Early life and musical training

Abhyankar was born in Pune, India to Shobha Abhyankar, a musicologist and teacher of the Mewati Gharana. He started learning Hindustani classical music at the age of eight, groomed by his mother, followed by his guru Pandit Gangadharbua Pimpalkhare of the Gwalior Gharana and later from Pandit Jasraj (Mewati Gharana).

## Career

Abhyankar rendered his first stage performance in Mumbai at the age of 11 in 1981. Sanjeev has given vocal for Essence of Life, a dance group conceptualized by Dega Deva Kumar Reddy to spread Jiddu Krishnamurti's teachings across India.

## Awards

* 1998: National Film Award: Best Male Playback Singer: Godmother ("Suno Re Bhaila")
* 2009: Kumar Gandharva Samman

## Film discography

* Tum Gaye (with Lata Mangeshkar), Maachis [1996]
* Yeh Hai Shaan Banaras Ki, Banaras (2005)
* Lai Ja Re Badra, Dil Pe Mat Le Yaar (2000)
* Sada Sumiran Karle, Dashavatar (2008)
* Suno Re Suno Re Bhayina Ke, Godmother (1998)
* Rukhe Naina, Maqbool (2003)
* Tu Astis Tar, Coffee Ani Barach Kahi (2015)
# Erv Pitts

Ervin Ralph Pitts (September 14, 1920 – January 17, 1999) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. He served as a head coach at Dakota Wesleyan University in Mitchell, South Dakota in football (1954 to 1955) and basketball (1954 to 1956). Pitts then served in a similar capacity at Peru State College in Peru, Nebraska, first as a head football coach (1964 to 1968) and then as head men's basketball coach (1973).
A native of Coffeyville, Kansas, Pitts played college football at the University of Missouri. As a quarterback for the Missouri Tigers, he led a split-T offense for head coach Don Faurot.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Dakota Wesleyan Tigers (South Dakota Intercollegiate Conference) (1954–1955) ||||||
| 1954 | Dakota Wesleyan | 5–3 | 5–3 | 4th |
| 1955 | Dakota Wesleyan | 4–3–2 | 3–2–2 | 4th |
| Dakota Wesleyan: | Dakota Wesleyan: | 9–6–2 | 8–5–2 | |
| Peru State Bobcats (Nebraska College Conference) (1964–1968) ||||||
| 1964 | Peru State | 2–7 | 1–3 | 4th |
| 1965 | Peru State | 4–5 | 3–1 | T–1st |
| 1966 | Peru State | 2–7 | 1–3 | 4th |
| 1967 | Peru State | 1–7–1 | 1–3 | 4th |
| 1968 | Peru State | 2–6 | 0–4 | 5th |
| Peru State: | Peru State: | 11–32–2 | 6–14 | |
| Total: | Total: | 20–38–4 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Lady, Podlaskie Voivodeship

Lady is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czyże, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Czyże, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Hajnówka, and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.

## History

The village is located on the site of a manor farm founded in 1559. The manor in Lady was described in 1576:
   in this Bielsk forestry, the manor in Lady, of which the manor is measured at 9 hectares of average ground, of which 3 hectares are ploughed for the upbringing of the forester, and the subjects in service hold 6 hectares. To this manor is a backwater of 20 free morgas, to these hectares for the poor land. There is also a mill with one wheel and a pond under the station, from which the forester takes a lease of 1/40 litas.
In the manor there were over 200 hectares of land and an undescribed manor, next to which a water mill was located on the Łoknica River. The manor in Lady over time took on special significance, becoming the seat of the Bielsk forestry. Its task was to protect the remains of the Bielsk Forest. As this forest, apart from small remnants, practically ceased to exist, so with time the forestry was abolished as well. The time of the establishment of the manor house in Lady is difficult to determine, though it is assumed that it had its beginnings in the 16th century, when as part of the volost survey, Queen Bona established the Bielsk forestry, and the village of Ladka became the seat of the forester. In the 1740s, renovation works were carried out at the manor house in Lady, supervised by Jan Sekowski. In the place where the manor buildings were located until the present day, numerous fragments of bricks have been found.
In a church document from 1775 it was recorded that Lady there were 66 people in 13 houses.
In 1942 an Orthodox wooden chapel of the Holy Brothers Maccabees was built on the initiative of Teodor Pawluczuk in the north-eastern part of the village on the border with the village of Kuraszewo. The chapel belongs to the parish in Kuraszewo. Near the building there is a spring surrounded by sacrificial crosses.
# Diego Calderón

Diego Armando Calderón Espinoza (born October 26, 1986) is an Ecuadorian footballer. He was part of the squad who won the 2008 Copa Libertadores with Liga de Quito.

## Club career

Calderón participated in L.D.U. Quito's campaign in the Copa Libertadores 2008. He made great defensive displays against many of Liga's opponents. However, he sustained an injury during the Round of 16 and was replaced by Renán Calle for the rest of the tournament. His team became the first Ecuadorian team to win the Copa Libertadores.
Calderón again became a regular starter during Liga's campaign in the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup. He played both games against Pachuca and Manchester United. Although Liga was able to defeat Pachuca 2–0 in the semifinals, they lost the final to Manchester United, 1–0. He and the rest of his team had a good, solid performance throughout the tournament. He was loaned to the Colorado Rapids in advance of the 2013 season, although he missed much of the season following knee surgery.

## Honours

L.D.U. Quito
* Serie A (3): 2005 Apertura, 2007, 2010
* Copa Libertadores (1): 2008
* Copa Sudamericana (1): 2009
* Recopa Sudamericana (2): 2009, 2010
Deportivo Azogues
* Serie B (1): 2006 E1
# Waterman Reservoir

Waterman Reservoir (also known as Waterman's Reservoir) is a large lake along Putnam Pike in Glocester and Greenville in Providence County, Rhode Island.
The Waterman Reservoir was created in 1838 on the site of a swamp and is 318 acres (129 ha) when full with an average depth of nine feet (2.7 m). It was named after Resolved Waterman, an early eighteenth century Greenville resident and landowner. Prior to the creation of the reservoir, the area was swampy, so a dam was constructed to create the reservoir and at the same time a causeway (now part of the Putnam Pike) was built so travelers no longer had to go around the swamp using Austin Avenue, which prior to the 1930s was known as (Old) Killingly Road.
# Bradornis

Bradornis is a genus of small passerine birds in the large family Muscicapidae commonly known as the Old World flycatchers. They are restricted to sub-Saharan Africa.

## Taxonomy

The genus Bradornis was introduced in 1847 by the Scottish zoologist Andrew Smith to accommodate a single species, the Marico flycatcher, which is therefore the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek bradus meaning "slow" or "sluggish" and ornis meaning "bird". The genus Bradornis was resurrected to accommodate a clade of species from other genera based on molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2016 and 2023.

## Species

The genus contains six species:
| Image | Common Name | Scientific Name | Distribution |
| | Dusky-blue flycatcher | Bradornis comitatus | Guineo-Congolian region |
| - | African grey flycatcher | Bradornis microrhynchus | East Africa |
| - | Marico flycatcher | Bradornis mariquensis | Kalahari Basin |
| - | Böhm's flycatcher | Bradornis boehmi | Miombo woodland |
| - | Ussher's flycatcher | Bradornis ussheri | Upper Guinean forests |
| - | Sooty flycatcher | Bradornis fuliginosus | central Africa |
# Secundogeniture

A secundogeniture (from Latin: secundus 'following, second', and genitus 'born') was a dependent territory given to a younger son of a princely house and his descendants, creating a cadet branch. This was a special form of inheritance in which the second and younger son received more possessions and prestige than the apanage which was usual in principalities practising primogeniture. It avoided the generational division of the estate to the extent that occurred under gavelkind, and at the same time gave younger branches a stake in the stability of the house.
In the rare cases in which the beneficiary was the third son in the order of succession, the second being already the holder of a secundogeniture, the domain given as a benefit was called a tertiogeniture.

## Creation

The creation of a secundogeniture was often regulated by a house law. The younger sons would receive some territory, but much less than the older brother, and they would not be sovereign. Examples of such house laws would be
* the House Treaty of Gera in Brandenburg
* the testament of John George I of Saxony and the Freundbrüderliche Hauptvergleich of 1657, in which John George I's sons regulated the details.
A secundogeniture is different from a partition. A partition creates two (or more) separate, largely independent states. An example of a partition would be the division of Hesse after the death of Philip I of Hesse. Nevertheless, there have been intermediate cases between a secundogeniture and a proper partition.

### Examples

* Armenia in 63 AD
* Brandenburg-Küstrin
* Brandenburg-Schwedt
* Duchy of Modena and Reggio under the House of Austria-Este (a tertiogeniture)
* Grand Duchy of Tuscany under the House of Habsburg-Lorraine
* Hesse-Homburg
* Hesse-Rotenburg
* Palatinate-Birkenfeld
* Palatinate-Sulzbach
* Saxe-Merseburg
* Saxe-Weissenfels
* Saxe-Zeitz
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
* Württemberg-Mömpelgard
# Lucjan Sosnowski

Lucjan Sosnowski (6 January 1934 – 4 September 1999) was a Polish wrestler. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# S. Ramadoss

S. Ramadoss (born 25 July 1939) is an Indian politician. He is the founder of the Pattali Makkal Katchi, an Indian political party.

## Vanniyar reservation protest

In 1987, the Vanniyar Sangham under Ramadoss organized the 1987 Vanniyar reservation agitation demanding MBC status for Vanniyars. At the peak of the protests, the state was paralysed for a week when lakhs of trees were felled, highways blocked and damaged and more than 1400 houses of the Dalit community burned down. The police under the M G Ramchandran (MGR) led AIADMK government shot down 21 protestors. Later in 1989, the DMK government under M. Karunanidhi granted them 20 percent reservation under the Most backward class. The Pattali Makkal Katchi, founded by S. Ramadoss on 16 July 1989, emerged from these protests.

## Controversy
### Threatening journalists

S. Ramadoss is known for using foul language in press meets and public meetings. In June 2019 he stoked a controversy, saying that he would kill journalists who question him about hundreds of trees cut down by his party workers during his arrest by the J Jayalalithaa government. He said, "if we protest again we will not cut trees but hack down those who ask these questions, and throw their mangled bodies across the road." He also called the journalists "dogs" and "Kammanati pasanga", a derogatory phrase used for 'son of widow'.

### Anti-Dalit campaign

Ramadoss is notorious for his anti-Dalit rhetoric and violence. In December 2012, Ramadoss initiated a controversial campaign to prevent Dalit men from marrying non-Dalit women, especially those women who belong to the Vanniyar community. In Tamil Nadu, many political parties wanted legal action against him. In an event in 2010, he said, "Dalit men sporting jeans, t-shirts and fancy glasses lure our women into marriages that don't work." M. Karunanidhi asked the government of the state to "act against those stirring up a caste passion". The campaign provoked the 2012 Dharmapuri violence, where hundreds of Dalit houses were charred by arsonists. Ramadoss strongly campaigned for raising women's legal age of marriage to 21 as he believes upper caste women in their late teenage are easy targets for Dalit men. Ramadoss convened a meeting with leaders representing intermediate castes to crusade against SC/ST Act, a law that criminalizes caste discrimination, alleging that Dalits misuse the law and register false cases to settle personal scores. In 2013, he was arrested for inciting caste riots. Jayalalitha blamed PMK and Vanniyar Sangam for the 2013 Marakkanam violence. Following his arrest, PMK organised a statewide violent protest that resulted in the injury of several people and losses to public property. Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK) accused PMK of murdering two Dalit youths in Arrakonam in April 2021.
# Stamford and Rutland Hospital

Stamford and Rutland Hospital is an elective care hospital in Stamford, Lincolnshire, administered by North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust. The Stamford and Rutland Infirmary opened in 1828.

## History

The Stamford and Rutland Infirmary was built on a site previously occupied by Greyfriars, Stamford and donated by the Marquess of Exeter. It was funded by a bequest from the will of surgeon Henry Fryer, designed by John Peter Gandy and opened in 1828.
Between 1876 and 1879 the hospital was expanded with the addition of three fever ward blocks, under architect Edward Browning with input from surgeon William Newman. The wards incorporated a number of features such as centralised ward interiors and glazed internal walling, and were cited as an exemplar of single-block planning for small hospitals, particular by Henry Burdett. The fever wards are Grade II listed and show how voluntary hospitals dealt with 19th-century epidemics of contagious disease. The picture tiles in the fever wards, depicting the four seasons, are one of the earliest examples of the use of such tiles in hospitals.
A substantial redevelopment of the hospital was completed in July 2017, which included new imaging facilities, including a permanent MRI scanning suite, and cancer treatment facilities.

## Services

The hospital provides a minor injuries unit, large scale outpatient services and day-case surgery, with the largest pain management centre in the region. It also has a medicine for the elderly ward with 22 intermediate care beds. The trust's largest hospital, Peterborough City Hospital, provides the majority of emergency and inpatient services in the area; the two together thus provide a comprehensive suite of services in a predominantly "hot" and "cold" split. It was rated "good" by the Care Quality Commission in May 2014.
# D&KR Burgoyne Class

Burgoyne was the class lead for a set of four locomotives, built by the Dublin and Kingstown Railway (D&KR). It was built in their own Grand Canal Street works from 1845.

## History

Following the death of Richard Pim in August 1843 James Rawlins, a foreman at Grand Canal Street took position of locomotive superintendent. Construction of the five locomotives of the Princess class had finished in 1843 however trains were becoming heavier and beyond the capability of the earlier locomotives. The D&KR were essentially happy with basic 2-2-2WT tank locomotives, but sent Rawlins to England to become acquainted with the latest developments in locomotive development before embarking on the stronger design.
The class lead was Burgoyne, built in 1845 and named after Sir John Fox Burgoyne (the Commissioner of Public Works). The commissioner was crucial to the D&KR obtaining public loans for the building of the railway, and had given advice on the strengthening of sea embankments in 1836. Subsequent locomotives were named Cyclops, Vulcan and Jupiter and were completed in by 1847–8. Jupiter was the last new build locomotive for the D&KR.
As built in common will all D&KR tank engines the locomotives did not have brakes, the drivers stopping the locomotives when running light by skilled use of the reversing gear. A bad collision with Cyclops coming with a train into Westland Row Station caused this policy to be altered and brakes were subsequently fitted to the locomotives.
With the conversion of Westland Row to Kingstown from 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge to 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Irish gauge c. 1856 with the takeover of operations by the Dublin and Wicklow Railway all four were converted to fit the new gauge, losing the Bergin central buffer and moving to corner buffers and orthodox couplings at the same time.
1864 saw the bulk of Westland Row to Kingstown and Bray services handed over to the seven new locomotives Ariel Class from Neilsons which dwarfed the Burgonyes.. This led to the withdrawal of Burgoyne and Jupiter by 1872; while Cyclops and Vulcan were rebuilt in 1866 with longer boilers.
The Cyclops and Vulcan remained in service until the 1887 and long enough to acquire the DW&WR numbers 27 and 28.

## Fleet

| Name | Introduced | Rebuilt 5' 3" | Rebuilt | DW&WR No. | Withdrawn | Notes |
| Burgoyne | 1845 | 1856 | | | 1864-1872 | Named in honour of Sir John Fox Burgoyne |
| Cyclops | 1847 | 1856 | 1866 | 27 | 1887 | |
| Vulcan | 1847 | 1856 | 1866 | 28 | 1887 | |
| Jupiter | 1848 | 1856 | | | 1876 | Final new locomotive of D&KR |
# FS Class 122

FS Class 122 were 2-4-0 steam locomotives with tenders, designed for hauling passenger trains. The Italian State Railways (FS) acquired 32 of them as war reparations after World War I from the Austrian Südbahn (SB).

## History

Following the reparations resulting from the First World War, 32 units arrived at the Italian FS, which classified them as Class 122. Deliveries took place in two phases: 23 units were delivered by 1919, while the other nine were delivered following subsequent agreements between 1922 and 1923 concerning the territorial distribution of the railway lines and Sudbahn plants. Being obsolete machines, they were soon withdrawn and had been scrapped by the end of the 1920s.

## Technical details

The locomotives had a 2-4-0 wheel arrangement. The engine was simple expansion with two outside cylinders and outside Stephenson valve gear. The tender had three axles.

## Numbering

| FS number | SB number | Builder | Build date | Scrapping date |
| 122.001 | 18.467 | Floridsdorf | 1873 | 1928 |
| 122.002 | 18.468 | Floridsdorf | 1873 | ? |
| 122.003 | 18.469 | Floridsdorf | 1873 | ? |
| 122.004 | 18.470 | Floridsdorf | 1873 | ? |
| 122.005 | 18.471 | Floridsdorf | 1873 | ? |
| 122.006 | 18.472 | Floridsdorf | 1873 | ? |
| 122.007 | 18.473 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.008 | 18.475 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.009 | 18.476 | Sigl | 1872 | 1928 |
| 122.010 | 18.477 | Sigl | 1872 | 1928 |
| 122.011 | 18.478 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.012 | 18.479 | Sigl | 1872 | 1929 |
| 122.013 | 18.480 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.014 | 18.481 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.015 | 18.482 | Sigl | 1872 | 1924 |
| 122.016 | 18.483 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.017 | 18.485 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.018 | 18.488 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.019 | 18.489 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.020 | 18.474 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.021 | 18.491 | Sigl | 1869 | 1922 |
| 122.022 | 18.493 | Sigl | 1869 | 1928 |
| 122.023 | 18.496 | Sigl | 1869 | 1928 |
| 122.024 | 18.497 | Sigl | 1869 | ? |
| 122.025 | 18.498 | Sigl | 1869 | 1929 |
| 122.026 | 18.499 | Sigl | 1869 | ? |
| 122.027 | 18.484 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.028 | 18.487 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.029 | 18.486 | Sigl | 1872 | ? |
| 122.030 | 18.490 | Sigl | 1869 | ? |
| 122.031 | 18.492 | Sigl | 1869 | ? |
| 122.032 | 18.495 | Sigl | 1869 | ? |