OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FS Class 690 II

The Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS; Italian State Railways) Class 690 (Italian: Gruppo 690) was a 4-6-2 'Pacific' steam locomotive for express trains.

## Design and construction

The Class 690 was designed just as the superheater technology was becoming available, allowing the FS to discard what had been a widespread feature on many Italian locomotives, the compound engine, deeming the advantages of the simpler single-expansion engine coupled with superheated steam to be superior.
The English author Peter Michael Kalla-Bishop claims that, just before the production run, a prototype (numbered FS 6901) was built with a number of different features, but was so unsuccessful that it was withdrawn and quietly scrapped after just a few months. However, there is no reference for this claim, which is not repeated in any other document.
The first nine locomotives, all with right-hand drive, were built in 1911 by Ernesto Breda (6) and the Officine Meccaniche (3); the following twenty-four, built in 1914 by Breda (14) and Gio. Ansaldo & C. (10) had left-hand drive. All of them had been designed for an axle load of 18 tons, but since this value was too high for even the current mainline railways, they all entered service with the load on the driving wheels lightened to 17.1 tons. They were the first Italian four-cylinder simple-expansion locomotives that had the feature of having the adjacent cylinders paired together and both served by a single piston valve through crossed ports (a feature shared by the more numerous Class 685). The firebox had to be placed between the rearmost driving wheels and was therefore of trapezoidal shape and relatively small; this feature would prove to be the locomotive's weakness, as it caused poor steaming and was expensive to maintain.

## Operations

Limited by their high axle load to the Milan-Venice and Milan-Bologna-Florence mainlines, the Class 690 did not prove to be satisfactory, as its poor steaming qualities greatly hampered the performance. While fast (being the first Italian locomotive certified for a mainline top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph) and powerful in absolute terms, relatively speaking its performance was modest – 1400 CV at 90 km/h (1,030 kW; 1,380 hp at 56 mph), while the Class 685 (which was smaller and had a shorter boiler) had a power of 1250 CV at 75 km/h (920 kW; 1,230 hp at 47 mph).
As a result, by the end of the 1920s a new three-cylinder Pacific locomotive (to be classified as Class 695) was designed; however, although more powerful than the Class 690, it would have required considerable strengthening of bridges and other infrastructures of the railways it was supposed to work on, because of an axle load of 21 tons. Therefore, a less ambitious plan to rebuild the Class 690 by replacing the boiler and firebox with those of the FS Class 746 was approved. From 1928 to 1934 all thirty-three locomotives were rebuilt into the new Class 691.
# FS Class 691

The Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS; Italian State Railways) Class 691 (Italian: Gruppo 691) is a class of 4-6-2 'Pacific' locomotives; they were the fastest and most powerful steam locomotives ever built for the Italian railways.

## Origin

By the end of the 1920s the FS were considering the possibility of building a new class of Pacific locomotives for mainline express duties; the existing Class 690 ones were poor steamers (because of the small firebox) and therefore not being successful (with the much lighter Class S.685 2-6-2 locomotives having the same performance as them). This class, which should have been the Class 695, would have had however a very high axle load (as much as 21 tonnes (21 long tons; 23 short tons)), which would have required strengthening of the lines they were supposed to serve; as electrification was becoming more and more prominent, such an expense was considered unwarranted. Therefore, a less ambitious plan, which involved rebuilding the Class 690 locomotives (and which would have entailed a lower axle load), was approved.
The boiler of the Class 690 was replaced by the one fitted on the Class 746 locomotives; the trailing axle was replaced by a Bissel truck, to sustain the weight of the new, larger firebox, and a Nielebock-Knorr pre-heater was added. The 33 locomotives were rebuilt, part by the FS workshops, and part by the Ernesto Breda company. Initially, they would have received the same tender designed for the Class 695, but in the end an enlarged version of the standard FS bogie tender was fitted.

## Operation

The Class 691 served on the Milan-Bologna (up to 1938, when the line was electrified) and the Milan-Venice mainlines throughout their careers, pulling the heaviest and fastest express trains. Three of them were destroyed or irreparably damaged in the years of World War II. After the electrification of the Milan-Venice railway in the spring of 1957, some locomotives remained active for some time on the Venice-Cervignano del Friuli line, but by the early 1960s they were all withdrawn.
The 691.011 scored the speed record, between the stations of Verona and Padova, for the Italian steam locomotives, with 150 kilometres per hour (93 mph).

## Modifications

In 1939, the 691.026 was given a streamlined casing, which was unsuccessful; by 1946 the casing had already been removed.
In 1943, the 691.004 was fitted with a smoke deflector with bad results.

## Preservation

Only one locomotive of the class survived into preservation, the 691.022, which is a static exhibit at the Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci" in Milan.
# FS Class E.320

The FS Class E.320 was a class of Italian third rail electric locomotive built between 1915 and 1918. Five units were built and they saw service on the Varese - Milan - Porto Ceresio line. They were powered by two direct current electric motors, designed by Tecnomasio Italiano-Brown-Boveri (TIBB), giving a maximum speed of 95 km/h (59 mph). The final assembly and the mechanical design were by Officine Meccaniche (OM). At the time of their construction they were the most powerful direct current locomotives in the world. The transmission of the motion to the three axles was by connecting rods and these were subject to frequent breakages.
The locomotives were soon replaced by Class E.321.

## Sources

* Cornolò, Giovanni (1983). Locomotive elettriche FS (in Italian). Parma: Ermanno Albertelli Editore. pp. 33–38.
# FS Class E.321

The Class E.321 was an Italian shunting locomotive built from 1959 to 1964. The similar Class E.322 used the same chassis and electric power plan but had no cabin, and was coupled with E.321 to give more output. Both classes were in service with the Ferrovie dello Stato from 1960 until 2002.
These locomotives were the base for the E.323 and E.324 classes, which used the same electric part but with a new mechanic one. The E.321/322s were phased out starting from the late 1980s, being replaced by the diesel shunters D.145, which could also be used for hauling light/medium weight freight trains.

## Sources

* Cornolò, Giovanni (1983). Locomotive elettriche FS. Parma: Ermanno Albertelli Editore. pp. 33–38.
# FS Class E.330

The FS Class E.330 was a small class of three-phase electric locomotive used in Italy, introduced in the 1910s.

## History

In the late 1900s, the success of the three-phase electrification on mountain lines such as the Valtellina line, the Simplon Tunnel and the Giovi Pass line, led the newly formed Ferrovie dello Stato, under the direction of Riccardo Bianchi, to extend the electrification to other lines, where electric locomotives gave better performance. For the new lines to be electrified, three batches of electric locomotives were ordered, including the E.330 and the E.550 (a type E.551 was ordered but not built).
Unlike the previous electric locomotives used on mountain lines, the new locomotives had to be able to vary their speed, a capability which at the time was difficult to achieve, due to the fact that the three-phase motor spins at constant speed set by the feeding current frequency. The E.330 was designed to have four speeds (where the E.430 had only one and the contemporary E.550 two); this capability was obtained thanks to two patents by the German engineer Manu Stern and the Hungarian engineer Maurice Milch. The wheel arrangement chosen was 1′C1′, similar to that adopted on the contemporary 685 class of steam locomotives.
The production contract was signed in 1913, construction of the new units beginning at Società Italiana Westinghouse, which had designed the locomotive under the direction of Kálmán Kandó. The mechanical parts were co-built with Società Italiana Ernesto Breda.
The locomotives were assigned to the Valtellina and Ligurian coast lines. The E.330s became operational in the Spring 1914. They were later used also in Lombardy on the local three-phase lines, until, from 1962, the railroads were adapted to the now standard 3,000 V direct current electrification.
All the E.330s were phased out during the 1960s.
# Locomotives LVCI 79-90

LVCI 79-90 were a group of 2-4-0 steam locomotives of the LVCI, a private company of Austria-Hungary. The 12 Locomotives were supplied by Koechlin in 1858. They were very similar to LCVI 51–60.

## Names

The locomotives were named: Paisiello, Ariosto, Tasso, Petrarca, Raffaello, Michelangelo, Giotto, Cimabue, Bramante, Torricelli, Oriani, Cavalli

## Ownership changes

The Südbahn took 10 of these 12 Locomotives, calling them Group SB 5. The "Ariosto" and "Raffaello" remained with the LVCI. They later became SFAI 381–382, RM 2019-2020 and FS 1181–1182.
# Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway

The Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway, or the Shitai passenger railway (simplified Chinese: 石太客运专线; traditional Chinese: 石太客運專線; pinyin: Shí-Tài Kèyùn Zhuān Xiàn) is a 190-kilometre long (120 mi) high-speed railway operated by China Railway High-speed, running from Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan, respectively the provincial capitals of Hebei and Shanxi, at 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph). The railway opened on April 1, 2009. It now forms part of the Qingdao–Yinchuan corridor.
The railway crosses the Taihang mountain range through the Taihang Tunnel, which, at almost 28 kilometres (17 mi) long, is (as of 2010) the longest railway tunnel in China.

## History

* June 11, 2005: Construction of this line began.
* December 22, 2007: the 27,848 m (17.304 mi)-long Taihang Tunnel, was broken through.
* December 25, 2008: TISCO Bridge was completed, bringing the Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL more than a week ahead of the scheduled construction time with all track laying completed.
* January 1, 2009: the official opening.
* February 18, 2009: EMU test car running.
* April 1, 2009: EMU put into formal operation.

## Services

The Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan high-speed railway is used by G- and D-series high-speed trains. Initially, they mostly ran between Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang. With the opening of the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway, which runs through Shijiazhuang, in December 2012, almost all of these trains have been extended beyond Shijiazhuang; most of them now continue north to Beijing, while some go south, to Wuhan, Guangzhou, and other points along the line.
# Marina Sergina

Marina Vladimirovna Sergina (born 2 March 1986 in Polyarnye Zori, Russian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian ice hockey forward.

## International career

Sergina was selected for the Russia national women's ice hockey team in the 2010 Winter Olympics. She played in all five games, recording one goal and two assists to tie for the team lead in points.
Sergina has also appeared for Russia at four IIHF Women's World Championships. Her first appearance came in 2008.

## Career statistics
### International career

| Year | Team | Event | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2008 | Russia | WW | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2009 | Russia | WW | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2010 | Russia | Oly | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 2011 | Russia | WW | 6 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 12 |
| 2012 | Russia | WW | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
# Nanshijiao metro station

Nanshijiao (Chinese: 南勢角; pinyin: Nánshìjiǎo, formerly transliterated as Nanshih Chiao Station until 2003) is a metro station in New Taipei, Taiwan served by the Taipei Metro. It is built on the site of the old Zhonghe Railway Station [zh], which ceased operations in 1990.

## Station overview

This four-level, underground station has an island platform and four exits. The area above ground is currently being developed into a new high-rise building.
The Taipei Metro Zhonghe Depot is located on the southeast side of the station.

## Public Art

Art in this station has a theme of "Youth Melody" and cost NT$4,999,000. It includes numerous pieces of colorful public art created by local artist Jun Lai and was completed on 30 November 1998. Consisting of 12 sculptures (3 hung from the ceiling; 9 hung on the walls), they symbolize the passion of youth with a light, joyful tone.

## Station layout

| Street Level | Entrance/Exit | Entrance/Exit |
| B3 | Concourse | Lobby, information desk, automatic ticket dispensing machines, one-way faregates Restrooms (Intside fare zone) |
| B4 | Platform 1 | ← Zhonghe–Xinlu line toward Luzhou / Huilong (O02 Jingan) |
| Island platform, doors will open on the left, right ||
| B4 | Platform 2 | ← Zhonghe–Xinlu line toward Luzhou / Huilong (O02 Jingan) |

### Exits

* Exit 1: Nanshan Rd.
* Exit 2: Helping St.
* Exit 3: Jieyun Rd.
* Exit 4: Xingnan Rd. Sec.1

## Around the station

* Xingnan Night Market
# Melaleuca citrolens

Melaleuca citrolens, commonly known as gulbarn, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to northern Queensland and the north-eastern part of the Northern Territory. Plants in this species were originally included in Melaleuca acacioides until a review of the genus in 1986.

## Description

Melaleuca citrolens is a tree growing up to 10 m (30 ft) tall with grey or white papery bark. Its leaves are arranged alternately, 24–90 mm (0.9–4 in) long, 2.5–9 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide and linear to narrow oval in shape.
The flowers are white to cream coloured, in heads up to 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in) in diameter with the heads containing one to 15 individual flowers. The petals are 1–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in) long and fall of as the flower opens. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle containing 7 to 11 stamens. Flowers appear from December to February and from April to June. The fruit which follow are woody capsules 1.5–2.3 mm (0.06–0.09 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca citrolens was first formally described in 1986 by Bryan Barlow in Brunonia as a new species. The specific epithet (citrolens) refers to the Rutaceae genus Citrus (which includes the orange and lemon) and to the Latin word olens meaning "smelling" or "odorous", apparently referring to the aromatic foliage.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca is found in the north-eastern part of the Northern Territory and the northern part of Queensland including the Cape York Peninsula and occurs in melaleuca heath in association with species such as Melaleuca stenostachya, Thryptomene oligandra and Melaleuca arcana.
# Mona Saudi

Mona Saudi (Arabic: منى السعودي) (1 October 1945 – 16 February 2022) was a Jordanian sculptor, publisher, and art activist.

## Life and career

Mona Saudi was born in Amman, Jordan. Her mother was Syrian, while her paternal family had roots in Hejaz. Saudi grew up in a neighbourhood that was metres away from the Nymphaeum (ancient Roman public baths). The proximity to a historic site gave her a profound respect for Jordan's ancient art heritage, as well as providing her with a source of inspiration for her sculptures.
Saudi attended Zain Al-Ashraf School. As a teenager, growing up in Amman, she knew that she wanted to move to Beirut, the then centre of the Arab arts scene, and become a full time artist. At the age of 17 years, she ran away from home, taking a taxi to Beirut. In an interview with the Gulf News, she explained that she left home without her father's permission because in her family, women were banned from attending university.
In Beirut, she met influential artists, poets and intellectuals, including Adonis, Paul Guiragossian and Michel Basbous, and became part of their social circle. She held her first exhibition in a Beirut cafe, and from this raised sufficient funds to purchase a ticket to Paris.
She enrolled at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and graduated in 1973. In Paris, she began using stone as a medium for her sculpture and had been using it ever since.
Saudi married Palestinian journalist Hasan (or Hassan) Batal in 1976. Their daughter Dia Batal (1978–2023) was a London-based visual artist.
Saudi died on 16 February 2022, at the age of 76.

## Work

Saudi mainly sculpts in stone. She used stones from around the world to create her sculptures. Outside of her country, Saudi was one of the best known Jordanian artists. Her subject matter explored themes of growth and creation.

### Select list of sculptures

* Mother / Earth, 1965
* In Time of War: Children Testify, 1970
* Growth, Jordanian jade, c. 2002
* The Seed, 2007

### Selected solo exhibitions

* Poetry and Form, Sharjah Art Museum, 2018
* Poetry in Stone, UAE, 2015
* Al-Balkaa Art Gallery, Fuheis, Jordan, 1992
* Gallery 50 x 70, Beirut, Lebanon, 1992
* Al-Salmieh Gallery, Kuwait City, Kuwait, 1985
* Alia Art Gallery, Amman, Jordan, 1983
* Galerie Épreuve d'Artiste, Beirut, 1982
* Galerie Elissar, Beirut, 1981
* Galerie Contemporain, Beirut, 1975
* Gallery One, Beirut, 1973
* Galerie Vercamer, Paris, 1971

### Selected group exhibitions

* Forces of Change: Artists of the Arab World, 1994
* The National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, DC, 1994
* Atelier Art Public, Paris, 1993
* Jordanian Contemporary Art Ontario, Canada, 1991
* Arab Contemporary Art, Paris, 1987
* Arab Contemporary Art, London, 1983
# Natham taluk

Natham taluk is a taluk of Dindigul district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Natham.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Natham had a population of 158,411 with 79,947 males and 78,464 females. There were 981 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 65.51%. Child population in the age group below 6 years were 8,821 Males and 8,478 Females.
# Mansour Sarwari

Mansour Sarwari (born 30 March 1992) is an Afghan Kurash practitioner who also practiced Judo and Sambo. He has competed at the 2015 World Judo Championships and took part in the men's +100kg event.
He represented Afghanistan at the 2018 Asian Games and claimed a bronze medal in the men's +90kg event.
# Dalrympelea stipulacea

Dalrympelea stipulacea is a species of plant in the family Staphyleaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia.
Dalrympelea stipulacea is a small tree, growing up to 10 metres tall.
It grows in montane rain forest from 1,800 to 2,400 metres elevation.
# Marek Maślany

Marek Maślany (born 11 July 1966) is a Polish weightlifter. He competed in the men's middle heavyweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Grevillea decora

Grevillea decora is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is an erect shrub or small tree with a single main stem, oblong, oval or egg-shaped leaves, and groups of pinkish red or pink flowers.

## Description

Grevillea decora is an erect shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 1–6 m (3 ft 3 in – 19 ft 8 in) and has a single main stem. Its leaves are oblong, oval or egg-shaped, 30–180 mm (1.2–7.1 in) long and 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) wide, the lower surface densely silky-hairy. The flowers are arranged near the ends of the branchlets on a one-sided rachis 15–66 mm (0.59–2.60 in) long, the pistil 35–55 mm (1.4–2.2 in) long. Flowering time varies with subspecies and the fruit is a follicle 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Grevillea decora was first formally described in 1921 by Karel Domin in the journal Bibliotheca Botanica from specimens he collected near Pentland in 1910. The specific epithet (decora) means "beautiful".
In 2000, Robert Owen Makinson described two subspecies in the Flora of Australia and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Grevillea decora Domin subsp. decora has branchlets covered with mostly rusty-brown hairs, leaves 100–180 mm (3.9–7.1 in) long, rusty-brown flower buds, a pistil 50–55 mm (2.0–2.2 in) long and flowers from January to September;
* Grevillea decora subsp. telfordii Domin has branchlets covered with mostly silvery-grey hairs, leaves 50–80 mm (2.0–3.1 in) long, pinkish flower buds, a pistil 35–40 mm (1.4–1.6 in) long and flowers mainly from March to June.

## Distribution and habitat

Subspecies decora grows in woodland shrubland in shallow soil over sandstone and occurs in patchy locations along the ranges of inland eastern Queensland from near Wandoan to near Pentland but subspecies telfordii grows in heath and forest near Laura in far north Queensland.

## Conservation status

G. decora is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Both subspecies of are listed as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.
# Petrophile phylicoides

Petrophile phylicoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It is a shrub with short, needle-shaped, but not sharply-pointed leaves, and more or less spherical heads of glabrous yellow flowers.

## Description

Petrophile phylicoides is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.2–1.5 m (7.9 in – 4 ft 11.1 in) and has hoary young branchlets. The leaves are needle-shaped but not sharply-pointed, 6–15 mm (0.24–0.59 in) long and mostly curved upwards. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branchlets in sessile, more or less spherical heads about 10 mm (0.39 in) in diameter, with tapering involucral bracts at the base. The flowers are about 12 mm (0.47 in) long, glabrous and yellow. Flowering mostly occurs from September to December and the fruit is a nut, fused with others in a spherical head up to 28 mm (1.1 in) in diameter.

## Taxonomy

Petrophile phylicoides was first formally described in 1830 by Robert Brown in the Supplementum to his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen from material collected by William Baxter near Lucky Bay in 1823. The specific epithet (phylicoides) means "like a plant in the genus Phylica".

## Distribution and habitat

Petrophile phylicoides grows in shrubland and heath with in sandy-gravelly soils on sand plains and lateritic ridges in a wide area between the Stirling Range, Israelite Bay, Tarin Rock and Newdegate in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions.

## Conservation status

This petrophile is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Stirlingia seselifolia

Stirlingia seselifolia is a herb or shrub endemic to Western Australia.
The erect perennial herb or shrub typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1 metre (1.0 to 3.3 ft). It blooms between September and October producing yellow-cream-brown flowers.
It is found on low-lying areas in the South West and Great Southern regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy soils over laterite.
# Cucumis argenteus

Cucumis argenteus is a vine in the family Cucurbitaceae that is native to Western Australia through parts of the Pilbara and northeastern Goldfields-Esperance regions.