OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assudub

Achutupo is an island town in the San Blas archipelago of Panama, located .7 kilometres (0.4 mi) off the Kuna Yala comarca (district) coast. The island is sometimes called Isla Perro or Dog Island. It has a total area of around 0.1 km$^2$, with a population density of around 15,860 people per km$^2$, resulting in Achutupo being one of the most densely populated islands in the world.
Air Panama serves the town from the Achutupo Airport, which is on the mainland southwest of the island and is reached by boat.

## Sources

* ↑ "Nomenclatura o listado alfabético de los lugares de la República". Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo (INEC). 2013-11-14. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
* ↑ Google Maps - Achutupo
# Karen R. Keesling

Karen Ruth Keesling (July 9, 1946 – July 4, 2012) was the United States Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs) from 1988 to 1989.

## Professional experience

Keesling was Assistant Dean of Women at the University of Kansas for 1971–72. From 1972 to 1975, Keesling worked in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare as executive secretary of the Secretary's Advisory Commission on Rights and Responsibilities of Women. From 1975 to 1977, she was Director of the White House Office of Women. She was then a women's rights analyst in the Library of Congress's Civil Rights Division. She then attended the Georgetown University Law Center, receiving her J.D. in 1981. From 1979 to 1981, she was also a legislative aide of Sen. Nancy Landon Kassebaum (R–Kan.)

## Work for the Air Force

In 1981, Keesling joined the United States Department of the Air Force, serving as Deputy for Equal Opportunity and Director of Equal Employment Opportunity, 1981–82; as Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower Resources and Military Personnel, 1982–83; Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and Installations, 1983–87; and as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Readiness Support, 1987–89.

## Reagan administration

On September 7, 1988, President of the United States Ronald Reagan nominated Keesling to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs). She held this position until 1989.

## Department of Labor

In the early 1990s, she joined the United States Department of Labor, serving as Acting Administrator of the Wage and Hour Division.

## Personal life

Karen R. Keesling was born in Wichita, Kansas, on July 9, 1946. She was educated at Arizona State University, receiving a B.A. in 1968 and an M.A. in 1970. She moved to Sun City, Arizona, in 2000 and practiced law there until her retirement in 2009. She died July 4, 2012, in Sun City.
# John McIlwraith (commentator)

John McIlwraith (died 30 June 2006) was a Scottish-Canadian humorist, radio broadcaster, newspaper columnist, and commentator.

## Early life and career

McIlwraith was born in Glasgow, Scotland, but moved to Vancouver, British Columbia as a young adult. His jobs included working as a coal-stoker on a ferry operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway.
McIlwraith hosted a morning radio program in Seattle and wrote columns for newspapers and magazines. From 1990 to 2001, he recorded commentaries for National Public Radio's All Things Considered.
After Carnegie Mellon University announced that it would begin offering a degree in the playing of bagpipes, McIlwraith commented that the bagpipe was created as an instrument of war, and should not be treated as a musical instrument. McIlwraith said:
   The Scots are a race not noted for their music. The favorite instrument in Scotland is the piano accordion, followed by the fiddle. The next favorite would be the harmonica. Even the Scots consider the bagpipes to be an instrument of torture, of warfare, its practitioners huge, red-faced farmer types who have switched from pig sticking to bagpipe playing.
   Bagpipes are a strange instrument. The only reason they were invented is the Scots needed some kind of noise to rally the clans when the English crossed the border. They could have bought a bell or a whistle, but being a thrifty people they took a pig's bladder and stuck a reed in it and the rest is history. For some reason, great masses of people have mistaken bagpipes for a musical instrument.
After each commentary, the All Things Considered host noted that McIlwraith lived on a houseboat in San Diego, California.
Other commentaries by McIlwraith include:
* "Doing It in the Closet" (20 December 2007): part of Tinsel Tales, a series of Christmas stories
* "Jesse the Incorrigible: My Grandson" (30 December 1997): recounting his experiences with a grandson suffering from attention deficit disorder
* "A Party for an Endangered Organ" (27 March 2001): recorded just before undergoing surgery for stomach cancer
He was married twice, to Bridie and then to Dixie. He had four children.
McIlwraith's death resulted from complications arising from dementia with Lewy bodies.
Years after McIlwraith's death, his brother-in-law wrote a column for the Chicago Reader questioning whether McIlwraith's stories were strictly factual.
# Battle of Hiep Hoa

The Battle of Hiệp Hòa was a minor battle of the Vietnam War. On the night of November 22, 1963, an estimated 500 Viet Cong (VC) fighters overran the Hiệp Hòa Special Forces Camp, resulting in four American personnel missing. South Vietnamese commando units and the American Special Forces resisted heavily using machine guns but were overwhelmed by the arrival of a People's Army of Vietnam mortar unit. It was the first CIDG camp to be overrun during the war. Isaac Camacho, one of the four missing Americans, later became the first American to escape from a VC POW camp.
# The Lost Leader (radio play)

The Lost Leader is a 1934 Australian radio drama by Edmund Barclay about Ludwig Leichhardt.
It was broadcast throughout Australia on the ABC network.
The Sun said it "held the listener absorbed for an hour. The daring solution of the fate of Leichhardt and his expedition from East to West was vividly suggested."
# Kiss of death (firearm)

The kiss of death or lipstick pistol was a pistol used by the KGB during the Cold War. It was a single shot 4.5 mm caliber pistol hidden inside a lipstick holder.
An example found in West Berlin at an American checkpoint is now held by the International Spy Museum in Washington, D.C. One is used throughout Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater by EVA.
# Freddy Fermín

Freddy Antonio Fermín (born May 16, 1995) is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB).

## Career

Fermín signed with the Kansas City Royals organization as an international free agent on July 25, 2015. He made his professional debut with the Dominican Summer League Royals the following year, hitting .273 across 52 contests. In 2017, Fermín played in 47 games for the rookie-level Idaho Falls Chukars, slashing .282/.403/.356 with one home run and 39 RBI. He split the 2018 season between Idaho Falls and the rookie-level Burlington Royals, posting a cumulative .249/.346/.350 slash line with 2 home runs and 19 RBI.
In 2019, Fermín split the season between the Single-A Lexington Legends and the Double-A Northwest Arkansas Naturals, hitting .260/.298/.418 with career-highs in home runs (12) and RBI (41) in 86 games between the two affiliates. Fermín did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021 he spent time with Northwest Arkansas and the Triple-A Omaha Storm Chasers, batting .277/.355/.440 with 10 home runs and 47 RBI in 77 contests. He was assigned to Triple-A Omaha to begin the 2022 season.
On July 14, 2022, Fermín was selected to the 40-man roster and called up to the majors for the first time after multiple players were placed on the restricted list prior to a series in Canada against the Toronto Blue Jays. He made his MLB debut on July 15, ultimately appearing in 3 games but going hitless in 7 at-bats. He was removed from the 40-man roster and returned to Omaha on July 17.
On November 15, 2022, the Royals selected Fermín’s contract back to the 40-man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. Fermín was optioned to Triple-A Omaha to begin the 2023 season. He began the 2024 season as the Royals' regular backup catcher.
# C7H17N

The molecular formula C$_7$H$_{17}$N (molar mass: 115.22 g/mol, exact mass: 115.1361 u) may refer to:
* 1,4-Dimethylamylamine
* Methylhexanamine (also known as methylhexamine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine, 1,3-DMAA, dimethylamylamine, and DMAA)
* Tuaminoheptane
# Kevin Rockett

Kevin Rockett is an Irish film historian, writer and scholar specializing in the history of Irish cinema. He is currently an associate professor in Film Studies and head of the School of Drama, Film and Music, at Trinity College, Dublin. He has authored, co-authored, or edited numerous books, including Cinema and Ireland (1987), The Irish Filmography (1996), Neil Jordan: Exploring Boundaries (2003) and Irish Film Censorship (2004).

## Background

Rockett became a member of the Irish Film Institute in 1979, and he served as the IFI's chairman from 1984 through 1991. He received his doctorate from the University of Ulster in 1989.
Rockett taught film studies at University College Dublin before joining the faculty at Trinity College in 2000. He was made a Fellow of the College in 2004, receiving his Master in Arts (jure officii).
In 1995, Rockett wrote the screenplay for the film Irish Cinema: Ourselves Alone?, directed by Donald Taylor Black.

### Partial bibliography

* 1987, Cinema and Ireland. Kevin Rockett, Luke Gibbons, John Hill. ISBN 0-7099-4216-8
* 1995, Still Irish: A Century of the Irish in Film. Kevin Rockett, Eugene Finn. ISBN 1-900361-00-0
* 1996, The Companion to British and Irish Cinema. John Caughie, Kevin Rockett. ISBN 0-304-34158-4
* 1996, Cinema Companions Pack. John Caughie, Kevin Rockett. ISBN 0-304-70039-8
* 1996, The Irish Filmography: Fiction Films 1896–1996. Kevin Rockett. ISBN 0-913616-35-4
* 1999, Still Irish: A Century of the Irish in Film. ISBN 0-7881-6145-8
* 2002, Neil Jordan. Kevin Rockett. ISBN 1-86076-218-2
* 2003, Ten Years After: The Irish Film Board 1993–2003. Kevin Rockett, Bord Scannán na hÉireann. ISBN 0-9545157-0-6
* 2003, Neil Jordan: Exploring Boundaries. Emer Rockett, Kevin Rockett. ISBN 1-904148-28-X
* 2004, Irish Film Censorship: A Cultural Journey From Silent Cinema to Internet Oornography. Kevin Rockett, Emer Rockett. ISBN 1-85182-844-3
* 2004, National Cinema and Beyond. Kevin Rockett, John Hill. ISBN 1-85182-873-7
* 2005, Film History and National Cinema. W. John Hill, Kevin Rockett. ISBN 1-85182-924-5
* 2007, Irish Films, Global Cinema. Martin McLoone, Kevin Rockett. ISBN 1-84682-081-2
* 2008, National Cinemas and World Cinema. Kevin Rockett, W. John Hill. ISBN 1-84682-019-7

## Recognition

Jeff Brownrigg of Australia's National Film and Sound Archive wrote that the Irish Filmography(1996) is "an indispensable tool for the researcher," and that it "provides a valuable source of information about a large group of international narrative feature films gathered together under the head of their general association with Ireland." He commented on the book's nearly two thousand entries and made note of its comprehensive nature, concluding that it "is an essential reference for libraries and will be sought by film buffs."
Lir Mac Cárthaigh of Film Ireland wrote that Neil Jordan: Exploring Boundaries (2003) "provides a convenient starting-point for anyone intending to write about Jordan's work, the history of Irish film, or cinematic representations."
In 2001, Rockett received the Irish Film Institute Award for Contribution to Irish Film.
# Elizabeth Pabodie

Elizabeth Pabodie (née Alden; 1623–1717), also known as Elizabeth Alden Pabodie or Elizabeth Peabody, was the first white child born in New England.

## Life

Elizabeth Pabodie was born Elizabeth Alden in 1623, the firstborn child of the Plymouth Colony settlers Priscilla Mullins and John Alden, who were both passengers on the Mayflower in 1620.
She married William Pabodie (Peabody), a leader of Duxbury, Massachusetts, on December 26, 1644. All 13 of their children were born in that settlement before Elisabeth eventually moved to Little Compton, Rhode Island, in the 1680s. She died on May 31, 1717, in Little Compton and was buried in the cemetery on Little Compton Common, officially called Old Commons Burial Ground. Her memorial is on Find A Grave as memorial #6868310.

## Descendants

Elizabeth Pabodie's first child was a daughter, Lydia; next came a son named William after his father.
In 1683 Lydia married Daniel Grinnell Jr; they also had 13 children together.
William the younger and his wife Judith had a daughter Rebecca Peabody, who married the Reverend Joseph Fish. Their daughter Mary Fish married Gold Selleck Silliman (1732–1790), and they were the parents of Benjamin Silliman, the first person to distill petroleum, and grandparents of Benjamin Silliman, Jr. The Sillimans started the Chemistry Department at Yale, a forerunner of the Sheffield Scientific School. Benjamin Silliman, Jr. married Susan Huldah Forbes; their daughter Alice Trumbull Silliman married William Richardson Belknap (1849-1914). It is through this lineage that the Belknap and Humphrey families of Kentucky descended.
Other descendants of Elizabeth Alden Pabodie and William Pabodie include Priscilla Pabodie, Rebecca Pabodie, Eleanor Belknap Humphrey (1876-1964), William Burke Belknap the younger, Alice Belknap Hawkes, Dr. Edward Cornelius Humphrey, Rev. Robert P. Shuler, Alice Humphrey Morgan, economist Thomas MacGillivray Humphrey, Barbara Morgan Meade, co-founder of the Washington, D.C., bookstore, Politics and Prose, Charles Davis, Zechariah Vincent, and whistleblower Edward Snowden.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was also a descendant of Elizabeth Pabodie. He made her parents John Alden and Priscilla Mullins famous through his poem The Courtship of Miles Standish.
# Powells Creek (Hyco River tributary)

Powells Creek is a 5.20 mi (8.37 km) long 3rd order tributary to the Hyco River in Person County, North Carolina.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
* Crowder Creek
* Storys Creek

## Course

Powells Creek rises about 2 miles north of Cunningham, North Carolina. It then flows east and turns southeast into Person County, North Carolina to join the Hyco River about 3 miles south-southwest of Harmony, Virginia.

## Watershed

Powells Creek drains 8.89 square miles (23.0 km$^2$) of area, receives about 45.9 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 379.41, and is about 61% forested.
# C12H16N2O2

The molecular formula C$_{12}$H$_{16}$N$_2$O$_2$ (molar mass: 220.27 g/mol) may refer to:
* 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-cyanoamphetamine
* Eltoprazine, a serenic, or antiaggressive drug
* Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine, a psychoactive drug
# Oil war

An oil war is a conflict about petroleum resources, or their transportation, consumption, or regulation. The term may also refer generally to any conflict in a region that contains oil reserves or is geographically positioned in a location where an entity has or may wish to develop production or transportation infrastructure for petroleum products. It is also used to refer to any of a number of specific oil wars.
Research by Emily Meierding has characterized oil wars as largely a myth. She argues that proponents of oil wars underestimate the ability to seize and exploit foreign oil fields, and thus exaggerate the value of oil wars. She has examined four cases commonly described as oil wars (Japan's attack on the Dutch East Indies in World War II, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the Iran-Iraq War, and the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay), finding that control of additional oil resources was not the main cause of aggression in the conflicts.
A 2024 study found that the presence of oil in contested territory can make states less likely to seek to acquire the territory.

## List of wars described as oil wars

* During World War I (1914–1918), certain operations were planned specifically to secure oil resources.
* Chaco War (1932–1935)
* World War II (1939–1945):
** Oil campaign of World War II
** Oil campaign chronology of World War II
** Oil campaign targets of World War II
* Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor (1941–1945)
* Biafran War, also known as the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970)
* Wars related to Saddam Hussein
** Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)
** Gulf War (1990–1991)
*** Gulf War oil spill
*** Kuwaiti oil fires
** Iraqi no-fly zones conflicts (1992–2003)
** Iraq War (2003–2011)
*** Rationale for the Iraq War § Oil
* Conflict in the Niger Delta (2004–present)
* Heglig Crisis, South Sudan–Sudan border conflict (2012)
# János Bognár

János Bognár (24 April 1914 – 8 March 2004) was a Hungarian cyclist. He competed in the individual and team road race events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Oceanne Iradukunda

Belle Oceanne Iradukunda (born November 11, 1996) is a Rwandan-American actress, film director, and writer. She was born and raised in Rwanda, and presently lives in Los Angeles, California. Her nickname, Belle, was adopted by her from films such as Living with the Dead, Till Death Do Us Apart, and Shifty Business.

## Career

Iradukunda appeared in a Hollywood comedy-drama TV Series by Tyler Perry titled, Sistas, televised on BET from October 23, 2019, playing the role of a waitress. In 2020, she wrote and directed the film Thank You for Underestimating Me.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Film | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2020 | Thank You for Underestimating Me | Director • Writer | Adventure film in pre-production stage | |
| 2017 | 'Til Death Do Us Part | Actress | Romance, Thriller | |

### Television

| Year | Film | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2019–present | Sistas | Loni | TV series | |

## Controversies

In March 2018, The New Times of Rwanda reported the actress for accusing the main organizer of the Kigali International Fashion Week, John Bunyeshuli, of an alleged theft of her original concept.
# Camphorsultam

Camphorsultam, also known as bornanesultam, is a crystalline solid primarily used as a chiral auxiliary in the synthesis of other chemicals with a specific desired stereoselectivity. Camphorsultam is commercially available in both enantiomers of its exo forms: (1R)-(+)-2,10-camphorsultam and (1S)-(−)-2,10-camphorsultam.

## Synthesis

Camphorsultam is synthesized by reduction of camphorsulfonylimine. This reaction was originally performed as a catalytic hydrogenation using Raney Nickel, but the modern preparation instead uses lithium aluminium hydride for the reduction. These reductive methods are stereoselective: although both the endo and exo diastereomeric forms are theoretically possible, only the exo isomer is actually produced due to steric effects of one of the methyl groups. Camphorsultam is often referred to as Oppolzer's sultam in reference to Wolfgang Oppolzer and colleagues, who developed the lithium aluminium hydride approach to this compound and pioneered its use in asymmetric synthesis.

## Uses

Due to its ability to form derivatives through its nitrogen atom and the structural rigidity of its chirality, camphorsultam is often used in reactions as a chiral auxiliary in order to allow a reaction to proceed with very specific stereoselectivity. During the synthesis of Manzacidin B, camphorsultam is used in order to obtain the desired stereoselective product. During a Michael reaction, a Claisen rearrangement, or a cycloaddition reaction camphorsultam is able to confer a great deal of stereoselectivity. This allows for more control over the reactions and the creation of very specific desired products. Stereoselectivity can be further increased if substrates are equipped with two chiral auxiliaries, acting in a cooperative fashion.
Camphorsultam also has applications in determining a compound's absolute stereochemistry. For that reason, it is sometimes referred to as a "chiral probe".
# Augusta Emma Wilde, Baroness Truro

Augusta Emma Wilde, Baroness Truro (née d'Este; 11 August 1801 – 21 May 1866) was the daughter of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex and Lady Augusta Murray. Her mother was the second daughter of John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore and Lady Charlotte Stewart.

## Family

Her parents were married in Rome and afterwards at St George's, Hanover Square. Following their father's death, Augusta's brother Augustus d’Este claimed the dukedom; but the House of Lords decided against the claim, on the grounds of the invalidity of the prince's marriage, it having been contracted without the consent of the Crown, as required by the Royal Marriages Act 1772.
In 1845, when she was 44 years old, she married as his second wife, Sir Thomas Wilde, later Baron Truro (7 July 1782 – 11 November 1855). Although Lord Truro had three surviving children by his first marriage, they had no children.

## Later life

Lady Truro had strong connections with Ramsgate, Kent, residing at Mount Albion House on the East Cliff. She owned a considerable amount of valuable property, mainly situated on the Mount Albion Estate.
In later years, Lady Truro suffered from severe bouts of asthma and usually spent the autumn on the continent. She returned to her town residence in Eaton Square, London, where she died suddenly on 21 May 1866, eleven years after her husband. The Thanet Advertiser remembered her as: "a lady of strict business habits, and rather reserved in manner, of exceedingly good general information, living, while at Ramsgate, in a very quiet and unostentatious way”.
The funeral took place on the afternoon of Monday 28 May 1866 at St Laurence Church, Ramsgate. She is interred in the family mausoleum (Grade II listed). She left an estate valued at around £70,000, of which over £40,000 was left to charity.
# Edwin Felix Thomas Atkinson

Edwin Felix Thomas Atkinson, (6 September 1840 – 15 September 1890) was an Irish lawyer in the Indian Civil Service who contributed in his spare time collecting insects and contributing to entomology.

## Life and career

He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, studied at Trinity College, Dublin and sat the Indian Civil Service Examinations in 1861.
He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1862 and served in Bengal Presidency and the North-Western Provinces. Atkinson was a lawyer specialising in Indian law, and successively worked as Judge in a Small Cause Court, Deputy Commissioner of Paper Currency in Allahabad, and Accountant General of the North West Provinces. He was commissioned to produce a Gazetteer of Northwestern India and also wrote several books.
He was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and a member of the Entomological Society of London. As an entomologist, he had a particular interest in Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and was credited with identifying several new specimens both in Britain and in India. He was President of The Asiatic Society (of Bengal) for 1886-87 and awarded the title of Companion of the Indian Empire (CIE).
He died in Calcutta in 1890 from Bright's disease. He had married Caroline, the daughter of Major Nicholettes of the Bengal Native Infantry, with whom he had a son, Francis.

## Works

* 1875 Descriptive and Historical Account of the Aligarh District, Oxford University Press
* 1881 Gazetteer of the Himalayan Districts of the North-Western Provinces (3 volumes)
* 1885 Notes on Indian Rhynchota; Heteroptera. No. 4. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 57: 118-184
* 1886 Notes on Indian Rhynchota; Heteroptera. No. 5. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 58: 20-109
* 1890 Catalogue of the Insecta. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Family Capsidae. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. (Nat. Sci. Suppl.) 58: 25-200

## Collections

Heteroptera collection Natural History Museum BMNH and Dresden (via Staudinger & Otto Bang-Haas).

## Taxon named in his honor

* The Burmese carplet Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii, is a species of carplet in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the Ayeyarwady, Sittaung, and lower Salween rivers in Myanmar.