OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward Joseph Adams

Edward Joseph Adams (born August 24, 1944) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1976. He was the apostolic nuncio to Great Britain from 2017 to 2020 and held earlier postings in Greece, Asia, Africa and Central America.

## Early life

Adams was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 24, 1944. After his elementary education in Catholic grammar schools, he attended St. Joseph's Preparatory School at Villanova University and St. Charles Borromeo Seminary, both in Philadelphia.
Adams was ordained a priest on May 16, 1970, by Cardinal John Krol. Adams graduated from the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome with a degree in canon law in 1976.

## Diplomatic service

Adams entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on March 8, 1976. He held positions in the office of the Secretary of State and in Rwanda, Kenya, Honduras, the Republic of Ireland, Denmark and the Czech Republic.
Adams was appointed apostolic nuncio to Bangladesh and titular archbishop of Scala, on August 24, 1996. He was consecrated on October 23, 1996, in Rome by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, the papal secretary of state. His principal co-consecrators were Cardinal Anthony Bevilacqua and Cardinal John Foley.
After six years in Bangladesh, Adams was named apostolic nuncio to Zimbabwe on August 22, 2002 On September 3, 2007, he was appointed apostolic nuncio to the Philippines.
On February 22, 2011, Adams was appointed papal nuncio to Greece and on April 8, 2017, he was named to replace Archbishop Antonio Mennini as apostolic nuncio to Great Britain. Adams' title refers to "Great Britain" rather than "United Kingdom" because the nuncio has no role in Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. The Catholic Church in Northern Ireland is administered locally, with its apostolic nuncio based in Dublin.
In February 2019, the Guardian reported that Adams received repeated requests for information to the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (ICSA) held by the British Government. Adams did send a response to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office because he said that was the appropriate channel. On October 5, 2019, an ICSA member was quoted by The Tablet as saying that the Holy See told ICSA that "the domestic laws and internal proceedings of a foreign sovereign entity are not the proper object for a British inquiry".
Pope Francis accepted Adam's resignation as apostolic nuncio to Great Britain on January 31, 2020.

## Honors

* Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog, July 23, 1993.
* Grand Cross ('Μεγαλόσταυρος'), Order of the Phoenix (Greece), May 16, 2017.
# Guillaume Morissette

Guillaume Morissette (born 1983) is a Canadian fiction writer and poet based in Montreal, Quebec. His work has frequently been associated with the Alt Lit movement, with Dazed & Confused magazine describing him as "Canada's Alt Lit poster boy." He has published stories, poems and essays online and in print, in venues such as Maisonneuve, Little Brother, Broken Pencil, Shabby Doll House and Thought Catalog, and was listed as one of CBC Books' "Writers to Watch" for 2014.
His first novel, New Tab, was published in 2014 by Véhicule Press. New Tab was shortlisted by the Quebec Writers' Federation for the 2014 Paragraphe Hugh MacLennan Prize for Fiction, and for the 2015 amazon.ca First Novel Award.
Morissette is also the author of the collection of stories and poems I Am My Own Betrayal, which was published in 2012 by Maison Kasini.
# Qubit fluorometer

The Qubit fluorometer is a laboratory instrument developed and distributed by Invitrogen, which is now a part of Thermo Fisher. It is used for the quantification of DNA, RNA, and protein.

## Method

The Qubit fluorometer method is to use fluorescent dyes to determine the concentration of either nucleic acids or proteins in a sample. Specialized fluorescent dyes bind specifically to the substances of interest. A spectrophotometer is used in this method to measure the natural absorbance of light at 260 nm (for DNA and RNA) or 280 nm (for proteins).

## Fluorescent dyes

The Qubit assays (formerly known as Quant-iT) were previously developed and manufactured by Molecular Probes (now part of Life Technologies). Each dye is specialized for one type of molecule (DNA, RNA, or protein). These dyes exhibit extremely low fluorescence until bound to their target molecule. Upon binding to DNA, the dye molecules assume a more rigid shape and increase in fluorescence by several orders of magnitude, most likely due to intercalation between the bases.
The Qubit fluorometer, a device designed to measure fluorescence signals from samples, operates by correlating these signals with known concentrations of probes. This process enables it to transform the fluorescence data into a quantified concentration measurement. The device uses this established relationship to accurately determine the concentration of a sample.
A specific instance of this technology is the Qubit 2.0 fluorometer, which is often used in conjunction with the "dsDNA BR Assay Kit." This kit, along with others in the Qubit quantification system, incorporates dyes. These dyes are sensitive to different biomolecules and their concentrations. In this context, "ds" denotes double-stranded and "ss" signifies single-stranded DNA, indicating the specific types of DNA that the dyes can detect.
| Reagent/Assay | Assay range | Sample starting concentration range |
| Qubit dsDNA HS Assay | 0.2–100 ng | 10 pg/μL–100 ng/μL |
| Qubit dsDNA BR Assay | 2–1,000 ng | 100 pg/μL–1 μg/μL |
| Qubit ssDNA Assay | 1-200 ng | 50 pg/μL-200 ng/μL |
| Qubit RNA Assay | 5–100 ng | 250 pg/μL–100 ng/μL |
| Qubit RNA BR Assay | 20–1,000 ng | 1 ng/μ-1 μg/μL |
| Qubit Protein Assay* | 0.25–5 μg | 12.5 μg/mL–5 mg/mL |

## Versions

The second generation, the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer, was released in 2010, and the 3rd generation as Qubit 3.0 in 2014. The newest version is the 4th generation Qubit 4, introduced in 2017.
# Eugenana, Tasmania

Eugenana is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Devonport in the North-west and west LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south-west of the town of Devonport. The 2021 census recorded a population of 169 for the state suburb of Eugenana. It is a rural suburb of Devonport. Lake Eugenana, which is 123 metres above sea level, is situated here.
There is a caravan park situated by the lake.
The Tasmanian Arboretum, 60ha of park, consisting of flora and fauna is at Eugenana.

## History

Eugenana was gazetted as a locality in 1962. The name is believed to be an Aboriginal word for "eaglehawk". A postal receiving office opened in 1917, was converted to a post office about 1926, and closed in 1972.

## Geography

The Don River forms part of the south-eastern boundary, before flowing through to the north.

## Road infrastructure

Route C146 (Melrose Road) runs through from south-east to west.
# 28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition

The 28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition was an expedition to Antarctica undertaken by the Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic from 1982 to 1984. It was led by N. Kornilov and A. Artemyev. The summer Soyuz station was established during this expedition.
Extensive hydrological data of the lakes in Central Wohlthat Massif was conducted on this expedition. An 885 m (2,904 ft) ice core, called the Komosmolskaia ice core, was extracted in 1983.
Although the GDR could not build a research station as a result of not having signed the Antarctic Treaty, it operated a research station near the Soviet Novolazarevskaya station.
In 1983, six Germans joined the 28th Soviet Antarctic Expedition to research meteorology, physics of the upper atmosphere, geology and geophysics.
# Saint-Georges-de-Rex

Saint-Georges-de-Rex is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France.
# Narcissus tip necrosis virus

Narcissus tip necrosis virus (NTNV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tombusviridae, which infects plants of the genus Narcissus, the only known host.

## Description

NTNV disease appears after flowering with large necrotic lesions which appear first near the leaf tips ('tip necrosis').

## Taxonomy

Narcissus tip necrosis virus was isolated in 1972. At the 1987 ICTV meeting, that proposed the genus Carmovirus, Narcissus tip necrosis virus was listed as a 'tentative' member but as of the 2013 release it has still not been officially accepted. Note that the ICTV does not track tentative members, so there are no further records in their databases, though still listed as tentative in the current Ninth Report (2009).
# Miki Polonski

Miki Polonski (born 1982) is an Israeli film director and screenwriter.
Born in Bat Yam, Israel, in 2015 he graduated from the Film Department of Minshar School of Art in Tel Aviv.
Polonski directed a number of internationally awarded short films. His 2015 film Ten Buildings Away was selected for the 68th Festival de Cannes’ Cinéfondation competition. The same year he won the Best Student Film award in DocAviv and Best Student film award in the Israeli Documentary Filmmakers’ Forum competition for documentary film 1 Building and 40 People Dancing. In 2017 his short film Shmama won the Pardino d’argento Award at the 70th Locarno Film Festival, while his first short film, Albina 12, was nominated for the Israeli Academy Awards.
# Glaser coupling

The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far one of the oldest coupling reactions and is based on copper compounds like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like air. The base used in the original research paper is ammonia and the solvent is water or an alcohol. The reaction was first reported by Carl Andreas Glaser [de] in 1869. He suggested the following process on his way to diphenylbutadiyne:
    CuCl + PhC$_2$H + NH$_3$ → PhC$_2$Cu + NH$_4$Cl
    4 PhC$_2$Cu + O$_2$ → 2PhC$_2$C$_2$Ph + 2Cu$_2$O

## Modifications
### Eglinton reaction

In the related Eglinton reaction two terminal alkynes are coupled by a copper(II) salt such as cupric acetate.
    ${\ce {2R-\!{\equiv }\!-H->[{\ce {Cu(OAc)2}}][{\ce {pyridine}}]R-\!{\equiv }\!-\!{\equiv }\!-R}}$
The oxidative coupling of alkynes has been used to synthesize a number of natural products. The stoichiometry is represented by this highly simplified scheme:
Such reactions proceed via copper(I)-alkyne complexes.
This methodology was used in the synthesis of cyclooctadecanonaene. Another example is the synthesis of diphenylbutadiyne from phenylacetylene.

### Hay coupling

The Hay coupling is variant of the Glaser coupling. It relies on the TMEDA complex of copper(I) chloride to activate the terminal alkyne. Oxygen (air) is used in the Hay variant to oxidize catalytic amounts of Cu(I) to Cu(II) throughout the reaction, as opposed to a stoichiometric amount of Cu(II) used in the Eglington variant. The Hay coupling of trimethylsilylacetylene gives the butadiyne derivative.

## Scope

In 1882 Adolf von Baeyer used the method to prepare 1,4-bis(2-nitrophenyl)butadiyne, en route to indigo dye.
Shortly afterwards, Baeyer reported a different route to indigo, now known as the Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis.
# Mina Leonesi

Guglielmina 'Mina' Leonesi (c. 1890 – c. 1930) was an Italian opera singer and actress, active in the early 20th century.
Mina was born to a middle-class family in Rivoli, Italy c.1890. Though predominantly based in Milan and appearing in productions staged at La Scala, Mina also travelled internationally with her work, including appearances in Bluff King Hal – a romantic opera by American composer Humphrey John Stewart, based on King Henry VIII – in 1914.
Mina is a featured as a sitter in five photographic portraits by renowned British-Italian high society photographer Alexander Bassano. Bassano had also famously photographed Queen Victoria and Lord Kitchener, the portrait of whom created the First World war recruiting poster Your Country Needs You.
The photographic plates featuring Mina Leonesi from the London Bassano Studios are held in the National Portrait Gallery, London. The National Portrait Gallery holds a large number of the fashion-related plates; Mina was noted for her beauty, and her operatic roles in historical costume were very fashionable for the period.
Mina had two children, a son (Anthony) and a daughter (Antoinette). Mina died in Italy soon after her daughter, Antoinette, died of pneumonia.
# Mullamottum Munthiricharum

Mullamottum Munthiricharum is a 2012 Malayalam film directed by Aneesh Anwar, starring Indrajith, Meghana Raj and Ananya in lead roles. Mohan Sithara is the music director of the film.

## Plot

Churatta Jose, a local goon and an expert snake catcher is stabbed on his stomach by someone at night. A flash back reveals his early life.

## Cast

* Indrajith as Churatta Jose (Ousepp)
* Meghana Raj as Suchitra
* Ananya as Elizabeth (Ranimol)
* Thilakan as Vazhakkula Achan
* Ashokan as Tomichan
* Tini Tom as Sunnichan
* Kozhikode Narayanan Nair as Suchithra's and Sumithra's Father
* Praveena as Sumithra
* Anil Murali as Arumukhan, Sumithra's Husband
* Kochu Preman as Plaaparambil Kuriyakose (Kuriyachan), Ranimol's Father
* Kalashala Babu as Thankappan
# Dasychira plagiata

Dasychira plagiata, the northern pine tussock or northern conifer tussock, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in North America from Newfoundland and Labrador to Alberta, in Massachusetts, New York and North Carolina.
The wingspan is about 35 mm. The moths are on wing from June to August depending on the location.
The larvae feed on Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Picea rubens, Abies balsamea, Abies fraseri, Tsuga canadensis, Pinus and Larix species.
# Reginald Hopkins

Reginald Gordon Hopkins (6 June 1904 – 13 November 1982) was an English first-class cricketer and British Indian Army officer.
Born at Southsea, Hampshire in June 1904, Hopkins was educated at Cheltenham College. He later served in the Army in India Reserve of Officers, holding the rank of Lieutenant in 1928 and was promoted Captain in 1933 but resigned his commission in January 1938. While living in India, Hopkins made his debut in first-class cricket for the Europeans against the Hindus at Bombay in 1927. Over the course of the next decade, he appeared in ten first-class matches in India, playing seven times for the Europeans, once for Bombay against the touring Australians in 1935, and twice for the Cricket Club of India. He scored 302 runs during his first-class career, averaging 17.76, with a high score of 53. He died at Fuengirola in Spain in November 1982.
# Coccotrypes carpophagus

Coccotrypes carpophagus is a species of typical bark beetle in the family Curculionidae.
It is native to Africa but is now widely distributed in Asia, Australia, North America, Central America and South America.
# Edward Behr (food writer)

Edward Behr is an American food writer.

## Biography

His books include The Artful Eater (1992, revised edition 2004), The Art of Eating Cookbook: Recipes from the First 25 Years (2011), 50 Foods: The Essentials of Good Taste (2013), and The Food and Wine of France: Eating and Drinking from Champagne to Provence (2016). Behr is the editor and publisher of a quarterly food magazine, The Art of Eating. First published as an eight-page newsletter in 1986, it is now one of the most respected magazines about food and wine. Behr's writing and magazine focus on taste, especially the connection between taste and the place food and wine come from. He has written about many of the best farmers and food artisans in France, Italy, and the United States.
His article "The Lost Taste of Pork," when it appeared in the magazine in 1999, caused Steve Ells, founder of the Chipotle fastfood chain, to turn from conventional to humanely raised pork. Chipotle became the first large-scale U.S. buyer of naturally raised meats.
Behr speaks internationally on food and culture. He has been featured in publications ranging from The New York Times and The Atlantic to Forbes and The Financial Times. In 2014, he was inducted into the James Beard Foundation's Who's Who of Food and Beverage. He writes and publishes from the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont, where he lives with his wife, Kimberly, and two sons Maximillian and Zane.
When the foreign correspondent of the same name died in 2007, some news reports confused the two.
In 2014, Behr won a James Beard Foundation Award.
# 8H

8H or 8-H can refer to:
* GCR Class 8H, a class of 0-8-4T steam tank locomotives
* Studio 8H, NBC studio in the Comcast Building where Saturday Night Live is filmed
* 8H, a designation for the West Virginia-Western Maryland Synod
* SCELBI-8H, a hardware model sold with SCELBI
* Typ 8H, a model of Audi A4
* HJ-8H, a model of HJ-8 anti-tank missile
* IATA code for Highland Airways
* former IATA code for Harbour Air
* recalled IATA code for Equaflight Service
# Electoral district of Cheltenham

Cheltenham is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after the suburb of the same name, it is a 17.5 km² suburban electorate in Adelaide's north-west, taking in the suburbs of Albert Park, Alberton, Beverley, Cheltenham, Findon, Hendon, Pennington, Queenstown, St Clair, Woodville, Woodville North, Woodville Park, Woodville South, Woodville West, and part of Rosewater. The Cheltenham electorate is inside the federal-level electorate of Hindmarsh.
Cheltenham was created in the 1998 electoral distribution as a safe Labor seat, replacing the abolished seat of Price. In August 2001 the 17-year Price incumbent Murray De Laine was defeated in a factional preselection in favour of future premier Jay Weatherill. De Laine subsequently contested the 2002 election as an independent with 9.7% of the primary vote.
In the 2016 electoral boundary redistribution, the suburbs of Beverley and Woodville Park were added to the seat from Croydon district, while Athol Park was lost to Croydon district, Royal Park was lost to Lee district and portions of Port Adelaide and Rosewater shifted into Port Adelaide district.
The current member is Joe Szakacs of the Labor Party. Szakacs was elected in the 2019 Cheltenham state by-election on 9 February, replacing former premier Jay Weatherill.

## Members for Cheltenham

| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Jay Weatherill | Labor | 2002–2018 |
| | Joe Szakacs | Labor | 2019–present |

## Election results

2022 South Australian state election: Cheltenham :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Joe Szakacs | 13,027 | 55.6 | +2.4 |
| | Liberal | Shane Rix | 5,730 | 24.4 | +2.7 |
| | Greens | Steffi Medrow | 2,545 | 10.9 | +4.6 |
| | Family First | Alex Tennikoff | 1,513 | 6.5 | +6.5 |
| | Independent | Mike Lesiw | 633 | 2.7 | +2.7 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 23,448 | 96.4 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 888 | 3.6 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 24,336 | 88.1 | |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Joe Szakacs | 16,194 | 69.1 | +2.4 |
| | Liberal | Shane Rix | 7,254 | 30.9 | −2.4 |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | Swing | +2.4 | |
# Eupithecia miserulata

Eupithecia miserulata, the common eupithecia, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1863 and it can be found in North America, from Ontario and Maine in the north to Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas in the south. It is also found in Arizona and California.
The wingspan is 12–20 mm. The moths flies from March to November depending on the location.
The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including coneflower, asters, willows, cherry, juniper and clover.

## Subspecies

* Eupithecia miserulata miserulata (most of eastern North America)
* Eupithecia miserulata vitans Schaus, 1913
* Eupithecia miserulata zela Swett & Cassino, 1919 (California)
# Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur

Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur (Vivaro-Alpine: Sant Julian de Champsaur) is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France.

## Notable residents
### Vivian Maier

Street photographer Vivian Maier lived and photographed in the vicinity of Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur and Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur. While many details of Maier's life remain unknown, she was the daughter of a French mother, Maria Jaussaud, and several times during her childhood she moved between the U.S. and France, living with her mother in the Alpine village of Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur near her mother's relations. In 1935, Vivian and her mother, Maria, were living in Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur and prior to 1940 returned to New York City.
# Reid, Western Australia

Reid is a former Commonwealth Railways settlement on the Trans-Australian Railway. It was established in 1916 on the Nullarbor Plain in Western Australia, when the railway was under construction.
When freight and passenger trains were hauled by steam locomotives, the population was about a dozen railway employee families, of whom most breadwinners worked on refreshing the locomotives with water and coal and maintaining the railway track. A school in the town educated the families' children. From 1951, when diesel locomotives were introduced, it was only necessary to have one stop on the entire railway for diesel fuel (for the engine) and water (for the passenger cars), and the number of employees was reduced at places such as Reid.
The settlement remained until the 1970s, when track repairs were highly mechanised; later, maintenance was further reduced by continuously welded rail and pre-stressed concrete sleepers. Buildings were demolished and by 2019 few remnants were left.
# Milange

Milange is a town in Zambezia Province of Mozambique. It is the district center of Milange District.
Milange lies just south of the Ruo River, which forms the border between Mozambique and Malawi. Mount Tumbine rises immediately east of the town, and the Mulanje Massif is to the north in Malawi.
# Edward Beers

Edward Beers may refer to:
* Ed Beers (born 1959), Canadian ice hockey player
* Edward M. Beers (1877–1932), American politician
# Ekspedisi Madewa

Ekspedisi Madewa (Madewa's Expedition) is a 2006 Indonesian adventure film directed by Franklin Darmadi

## Synopsis

In the film expedition expert, Tiro Mandawa - played by Tora Sudiro - accidentally discovers a mysterious artifact on one of his work assignments. He inadvertently unleashes a chain of events that lead to an adventure of a lifetime.
The mysterious artifact was believed to be the final missing link to an ancient Indonesian legend. Many believed that the artifact was the key to finding the ultimate source of unlimited power. This power if possessed by a righteous man, would revitalize the world for all eternity, but in the wrong hands would bring disaster and death.
Sponsored by the fictional conglomerate the Madewa Group Tiro embarks on a mission to uncover the truth about the legend. He is accompanied by his friend and loyal companion, Satrio - played by Arie Dagienkz.

## Cast

* Tora Sudiro
* Indra Birowo
* Arie Dagienkz
* Marsha Timothy
* Frans Tumbuan