OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rolling ball argument

In topology, quantum mechanics and geometrodynamics, rolling-ball arguments are used to describe how the perceived geometry and connectedness of a surface can be scale-dependent.
If a researcher probes the shape of an intricately curved surface by rolling a ball across it, then features that are continually curved but whose curvature radius is smaller than the ball radius may appear in the ball's description of the geometry as abrupt points, barriers and singularities.

## Scale-dependent topology

If the surface being probed contains connections whose scale is smaller than the ball diameter, then these connections may not appear in the ball's map. If the surface contains a wormhole whose throat narrows to slightly less than the ball's diameter, the ball may be able to enter and explore each wormhole mouth, but will not be able to pass through the throat, and will produce a map in which the narrowing mouth walls each terminate in a sharp geometrical spike.
The smooth and multiply connected surface will be mapped by the physics of a "large" particle as being singly connected and including geometrical singularities.

## Topology change without topology change

If the surface being explored is flexible or elastic, the way the ball is used may affect the reported topology. If the ball is forced into a wormhole mouth that is slightly too small, and the ball and/or throat distorts to allow the ball through, then in the ball's description of the surface, a "new" wormhole connection has suddenly appeared and disappeared again, and the connectivity of the surface has fluctuated unexpectedly.
In this case, no real geometry-change occurs in the deduced shape of the underlying metric – the process identified and "caught" a wormhole candidate (getting the ball wedged in the throat), then modified the curvature of the metric over time, forcing the throat to inflate to dimensions that allowed it to be traversed.

## Quantum foam

In John Wheeler's geometrodynamic description of quantum mechanics, the small-scale structure of spacetime is described as a quantum foam whose connectivities are not obvious part in large-scale physics, but whose behaviours become more apparent as we probe the surface at progressively smaller scales.
In wormhole theory, the idea of this "quantum foam" is sometimes invoked as a possible way of achieving large-scale wormholes without geometry change – instead of creating a wormhole from scratch, it may be theoretically possible to pluck an existing wormhole connection from the quantum foam and inflate it to a useful size.
# Newland Park, Chalfont St Peter

Newland Park is a Grade II listed country house and estate near the village of Chalfont St Peter in Buckinghamshire.

## History

Henry Gott bought Newland Park in c. 1770 where he entertained King George III, and, in 1785, erected an obelisk called Gott's Monument to commemorate the death of a stag killed during a hunt with the king. The estate was purchased by Thomas Allen in 1809 after Gott's death, and was inherited by his son Thomas Newland Allen on his death in 1829. Mrs Edmund Stevens, Allen's daughter, inherited Newland Park on her father's death in 1898, and sold the estate to Henry Andrade Harben in 1903.
The gardens were designed by Thomas Hayton Mawson in 1903. After Henry Andrade Harben's death in 1910, the estate was inherited by his son Henry Devenish Harben, under whom Newland Park became a refuge for suffragettes from 1910 to 1921; he and his wife Agnes Harben (who later founded the United Suffragists) was visited by Emmeline Pankhurst, George Bernard Shaw, Sidney and Beatrice Webb and H. G. Wells. In April 1939, the estate was purchased by North British and Mercantile Insurance and staff were evacuated to the newly erected offices and living accommodation in August. The Newland Park Training College was an emergency teacher training college opened at the estate on 1 March 1946.
Newland Park College of Education merged with High Wycombe College of Art and Technology to form Buckinghamshire College of Higher Education in 1975. In 1976, the Chiltern Open Air Museum was established in the grounds of the estate. In 1989, Amersham Hockey Club was granted a 28-year licence by the college to operate on the estate, and an astroturf pitch was built with funding from Chiltern District Council for use by college students and the club, in the following year.
The television series Class Act (1994-1995) and Thief Takers (1995-1997) were partly filmed at Newland Park House. In 1999, the college was awarded university college status, and became known as Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College. The 2000 film Cor, Blimey! was partly filmed at the main entrance to Newland Park. The university was renamed Buckinghamshire New University in 2007, and the university closed its campus at Newland Park on 1 August 2009.
The university sold Newland Park to Comer Group on 1 July 2011, and, in 2012, Newland Park House and gardens were leased to an events and weddings company. Newland College opened in September 2015, and was renamed Chalfonts Independent Grammar School in 2017. The Amersham and Chalfont Hockey Club (the successor of Amersham Hockey Club) ceased to operate at Newland Park and relocated to Amersham in spring 2017.
The Comer Group was granted planning permission to build 309 homes at the estate in 2016, but came into conflict with the Chiltern Open Air Museum in 2022 due to a failure to transfer the freehold as per the terms of the planning permission.
# Quint Neck Guitar

The Quint Neck Guitar (also known as a five-neck guitar) consists of five guitar necks with accompanying hardware and pick-ups in one oversized body, used by Rick Nielsen from the rock band Cheap Trick.

## History

The guitar's birth was first conceived on ruled note book paper by Nielsen during one of his frequent scribble sessions. He brought the idea to his manufacturer (Hamer Guitars) to build. The original design sought by Nielsen was a circular guitar allowing him to spin the guitar from neck to neck. This design was scrapped by Hamer due to weight and logistical issues.
Nielsen and Bobby Demonic both have employed several five-necks over the years. Nielsen's original "orange Quint neck" with dovetail-jointed necks was retired in the mid-1990s after the top neck snapped off. It was replaced by a black and white with 1/2-inch checkers (Nielsen's unofficial trademark). Nielsen had a third five-neck guitar made by Hamer inspired by the Gretsch Malcolm Young design of guitars made somewhere in the early 2000s that Nielsen rarely uses.
# 1905 Detroit College Tigers football team

The 1905 Detroit College Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Detroit College (renamed the University of Detroit in 1911) as an independent during the 1905 college football season. Jerry Girardin was hired in mid-October as the team's head coach. The team initially had a schedule with six opponents. However, on November 9, the college's president, Rev. Kellinger, refused to allow the football team to play the Detroit University School and declared that football "as it is played today is altogether too rough" and that the game was also too expensive. In response, coach Girardin said he would never coach a team of the college again. The team was then disbanded.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| November 2 | at Monroe High School | Monroe, MI | W 26–0 |
| November 4 | Detroit College of Law | Clark ParkDetroit, MI | ? |
| November 11 | at Detroit Athletic Club | Detroit Athletic Club groundsDetroit, MI | Cancelled |
| November 16 | at Jackson High School | Jackson, MI | Cancelled |
| November 23 | at Michigan State Normal | Ypsilanti, MI | Cancelled |
| November 30 | Eastern High School | Detroit, MI | Cancelled |
# CFB Griesbach

CFB Griesbach (Griesbach Barracks) was an army base that was located in the north end of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The site was named after Major-General William Antrobus Griesbach (1878–1945), a veteran of the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. Griesbach was also an Edmonton alderman and mayor, and served as a Member of Parliament and a Senator.

## History

The base was established in 1950 as Griesbach Barracks. In 1958, No. 14 Service Prison and Detention Barracks opened at the base and the Second Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was relocated to Griesbach from Currie Barracks in Calgary, Alberta. On 1 April 1966 Griesbach Barracks and RCAF Station Namao were designated CFB Edmonton. In 1970 the Canadian Parachute Training Center was moved to CFB Greisbach from RCAF Station Rivers, Manitoba and the First Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was relocated to Griesbach from Work Point Barracks in Esquimalt, British Columbia.
The site is no longer administered by the Department of National Defence, but was transferred to the Canada Lands Company in 2001 for $17.5 million, considered fair market value at the time. Former lodger units located here included the Canadian Airborne Centre and the Canadian Forces Parachute Maintenance Depot, both of which were moved to CFB Trenton in the mid 1990s, as plans to close the runway at Namao (CFB Edmonton) accelerated.
Much of the former Griesbach Barracks site underwent major redevelopment, with the entire 620 acres (2.5 km$^2$) fully re-developed in 2018. Part of the land was purchased from Canada Lands in 2003 by the Capital Care Group, and is now used as a long-term care centre - the Kipnes Centre for Veterans, which was opened in November 2005.
# Binz (vehicles)

Binz GmbH & Co. KG is a coachbuilder and custom vehicle manufacturer. It manufacturers ambulances, firetrucks, police cars and other emergency-service vehicles as well as modified military vehicles. It also produces other custom vehicles such as vehicles for the handicapped, limousines and hearses mainly on a Mercedes-Benz platform. It was founded in 1936 as coachbuilder Binz Lorch & Co by Michael Binz in Lorch, Germany. In the 1950s they also produced the Binz scooter. In 2012 the RMA Group acquired the assets of Binz Ilmenau to continue its operation as BINZ Ambulance- und Umwelttechnik GmbH.
# Lomont-sur-Crête

Lomont-sur-Crête (French pronunciation:, literally Lomont on Ridge) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Economy

A third of the village is involved in agriculture. It also has the only cheese factory in the canton that produces Comté, a hard cheese made from cow's milk that is similar to Gruyère.
# Beuern

Beuern is the name of some German municipalities. It may refer to:
* Benediktbeuern, Bavaria
* Buseck, Hesse
# Francesco della Rovere (archbishop)

Francesco della Rovere di Savona (1505–1545) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Benevento (1530–1545), Bishop of Volterra (1514–1530), Bishop of Vicenza (1509–1514), Bishop of Camerino (1508–1509), and Bishop of Mileto (1505–1508).

## Biography

Francesco della Rovere was the son of Bartolomeo Giuppo della Rovere, a nobleman from the Della Rovere family and Albanian Princess Maria Arianiti, daughter of Gjergj Arianiti. In 1505, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Julius II as Bishop of Mileto. On 23 Feb 1508, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Julius II as Bishop of Camerino. In Jul 1509, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Julius II as Bishop of Vicenza. On 12 Jun 1514, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Leo X as Bishop of Volterra. On 12 Jan 1530, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VII as Archbishop of Benevento. He served as Archbishop of Benevento until his resignation on 2 Apr 1544. He died in 1545.
# Quint Davis

Quint Davis (born November 5, 1947) is an American festival producer and director based in New Orleans. He is best known as the producer of the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival (Jazz Fest) founded by George Wein. Davis has been involved in the production of the event from its start in 1970. He is the CEO of Festival Productions, Inc. - New Orleans, the company that produces the Jazz Fest.

## Biography

Davis was born Arthur Quentin Davis Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. He was the first of three children of the family. His father, Arthur Quentin Davis, was an architect whose firm designed notable buildings such as Louisiana Superdome and the New Orleans Arena.
Davis majored in drama and ethnomusicology at Tulane University. While still in college, Davis met Wein who was looking for local co-workers to produce the Jazz Fest. He dropped out of college to be involved in the Festival production with Wein.
The first Festival took place at the Congo Square in Louis Armstrong Park. Davis also became a manager of Professor Longhair and road manager for Duke Ellington, McCoy Tyner and B.B. King.
In 1989, Professor Longhair's album Houseparty New Orleans Style, which was produced by Davis, won the Best Traditional Blues Recording category of the Grammy Awards.
In 1993, Davis produced America's Reunion on the Mall, a festival organized as a part of President Bill Clinton's inaugural events.
As of 2014, Davis still plays the leading role in producing the Jazz Fest. He also acts as the spokesperson of the event and emcees at the Festival. Davis has said of his philosophy behind selecting the Jazz Fest lineup, "Our bottom line is...musicianship. Whatever you do, you have to be great."
Apart from the Jazz Fest, Davis is also engaged in the production of Essence Music Festival, another big music event in New Orleans.
Davis appears on stage in the role of MC for the concert portions of the 2005 documentary film Make It Funky!, which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz.
# Newyears Green

Newyears Green is a hamlet of the London Borough of Hillingdon in London, England. It lies 16.6 miles (26.7 kilometers) northwest of Charing Cross.
It is situated south of Harefield, west of Ruislip and north of Ickenham, in Greater London. The etymology behind the name of the town is unknown.
# Dick Wimmer

Richard Samuel Wimmer (June 18, 1936 – May 18, 2011) was an American author, editor and creative writing instructor known for his trilogy of novels the Irish Wine Trilogy. He claimed to be the most rejected published author in history.

## Early life

Born in New York City to Sidney and Frances Wimmer, Wimmer grew up in Great Neck, Long Island, New York. He earned a bachelor's degree from Cornell University in 1958 and master's degrees in English from both Yale University (1959) and Columbia University (1974).

## Career

His first book, Irish Wine (1989. Mercury House), was published when he was 53 years old. He had relentlessly attempted to get that work published since the early 1970s, but had received a total of 162 rejections for the book from publishing houses over a more than 25-year period before the work was finally accepted for publication. Irish Wine proved to be a success with critics but was never a bestseller. Two sequels followed to form the Irish Wine Trilogy: Boyne’s Lassie (1998) and Hagar’s Dream. He also edited several books about sports. Wimmer also wrote the script to a TV movie, Million Dollar Infield (1982).
In addition to his writing, Wimmer worked as an adjunct professor of English at more than two dozen colleges and universities during his lifetime.

## Personal life

Wimmer's was married and divorced. He had two sons, Ceo and Geordie, and five grandchildren. He died on May 18, 2011, at age 74 at his home in Agoura Hills, California.
# Poda Thurpu

Poda Thurpu, also known as Thurpu Edlu or Poda Edlu, is a breed of cattle found chiefly in Nagarkurnool district, Telangana state in southern India. Poda is a local word meaning "spotted" or "speckled", referring to the brown or white patches on the animal's coat, while thurpu is the Telugu word for "east", which refers to the origin of the breed in eastern Telangana.
It is bred in the hilly and forested section of Nagarkurnool that forms part of the Nallamala Hills.

## History and cultural significance

Permits signed by the Nizam, allowing Poda Thurpu cattle to graze in the area, exist from 1836.
Poda Thurpu have traditionally been bred and kept by Lambadi and Golla families employing Chenchu herders, and have had an important role in the cultures of these communities. The herds, which mainly live in forested areas, migrate for several months every year in order to get to better grazing grounds, making it necessary for the keepers of the herds to migrate with them. Local festivals often involve ceremonies intended to bring luck to cattle herders or protection to the cattle.

## Characteristics

The cattle are strong and compact and characterised by a high level of endurance in dry and hot conditions. They have a white coat with brown patches or a red or brown coat with white patches, straight horns, and a convex forehead with a groove at the center. Their hoofs are strong and resistant to long exposure to either wet or dry ground. The bullocks are used mainly as draught animals.
They are also reportedly aggressive in nature, and capable of fending off predators to protect their young.

## Recognition as indigenous breed

Poda Thurpu was recognised by Telangana as its first officially-recognised indigenous cattle breed on 16 August 2021. It was registered at the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) in Haryana.
# CHAMP (mathematics outreach program)

CHAMP (the Cougars and Houston Area Mathematics Program) is a mathematics and STEM outreach program that ran from Fall 2013–Spring 2019. CHAMP was created and directed by Mark Tomforde, and it used volunteer effort from undergraduate and graduate students to provide tutoring and mathematics lessons for high school and middle school students from underserved communities surrounding the University of Houston. CHAMP lessons were taught in an interactive style similar to a math circle.

## Impact and awards

In 2018 CHAMP received the Award for Mathematics Programs That Make a Difference from the American Mathematical Society. In addition to the announcement of the award, the Notices of the American Mathematical Society published an article describing the impact of CHAMP and the community of the Third Ward of Houston, which it served. CHAMP had measurable success in increasing the grit and growth mindset of the participating students, and CHAMP was commended for its successes in bringing more persons from underrepresented backgrounds into the mathematics pipeline. It was also noted that CHAMP had numerous reciprocal benefits for its graduate and undergraduate volunteers, inspiring many of them to pursue graduate studies in mathematics or pursue careers in mathematics education.
Also in 2018, CHAMP received the Phi Beta Kappa Award for Engaging Broader Audiences and both Phi Beta Kappa and the Houston Mayor's office recognized CHAMP as one of four exemplary local organizations that serve as national models for building creative exchanges with diverse audiences in the arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences or mathematics.
CHAMP was supported by a Tensor-SUMMA grant from the Mathematical Association of America from Fall 2015–Spring 2018.

## Resources

Although the program ended in 2019, CHAMP maintains a legacy website and copies of its lesson materials can be downloaded from its "Schedule Page".
# Open the Door

Open the Door may refer to:
* Open the Door (Roger Hodgson album), 2000
** "Open the Door", the album's title track
* Open the Door (Pentangle album), 1985
** "Open the Door", the album's title track
* "Open the Door" (Betty Carter song)
* "Open the Door" (Magnapop song)
* "Open the Door", a song by Die Antwoord
* "Open the Door", a song by Bad Gyal and Govana featuring DJ Papis
* "Open the Door", a song by James Booker
* "Open the Door", a song by Im Chang-jung
* "Open the Door", a song by Sugababes from Change
* "Open the Door", a song by Zion I and The Grouch from Heroes in the City of Dope
* "Open the Door (To Your Heart)", a song by Van Morrison from Born to Sing: No Plan B
* "Song for Judith (Open the Door)", a song by Judy Collins
# Lord Brynner

Kade Simon (c. 1937 – 1985), better known as Lord Brynner, was a Trinidadian calypsonian who won the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Calypso Contest in 1962. He also had a number of Ska hits in Jamaica during the mid-1960s.

## Biography

Kade Simon was born in Erin, Trinidad. Taking inspiration from the actor Yul Brynner, he adopted the stage name Lord Brynner, together with the shaved head of the actor, and became a popular calypsonian in the late 1950s. He joined the West India Regiment and relocated to Jamaica, where he continued to perform, before returning to Trinidad after the collapse of the West Indies Federation. He won the Trinidad & Tobago Independence Calypso Contest in August 1962 with the aptly-themed "Trinidad and Tobago Independence", beating the likes of Mighty Sparrow, Nap Hepburn and the Mighty Bomber. His success led to performances throughout the Caribbean, and also in more than 60 countries in total, including Canada, Hong Kong, Kenya (at the country's independence celebrations in 1963), Israel, Greece, Italy, Mexico, and in New York City at the 1964 World's Fair and later at Carnegie Hall and the Lincoln Center.
One of his mid-1960s Ska recordings, "Where's Sammy Gone", featured The Wailers as backing vocalists, and he recorded several other Ska singles in Jamaica, including "Congo War" in 1964, a collaboration with The Sheiks (featuring Jackie Mittoo and Dobby Dobson).
He continued to be one of the islands' most popular calypso artists throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and during his career released 13 albums and more than 50 singles. In 1970 he toured with his "Calypsorama '70" show, which included musicians and a dance troupe. His lyrical themes included local politics and events, romance, cricket, and world events such as the Vietnam War.
In the 1970s he lived in Jamaica, owning and running the Big Bamboo club in Montego Bay, where he performed regularly.
Kade Simon died in 1985.

## Legacy

In 2012, to celebrate Trinidad and Tobago's 50 years of independence, a calypso competition was named in his honour — the 50th Anniversary of Independence Lord Brynner National Calypso Competition.

## Discography
### Albums

* Calypsorama (1968), WIRL
* Rosslyn Pussy (196?)'
* Big Big Bamboo Calypso (1968), Erin
* Trinidad Calypso in Jamaica Reggae (196?)
* Calypso in Steel (196?)
* Calypso Carnival, Erin
* Calypsorama In Jamaica , Erin

## Calypso titles

* Trinidad and Tobago Independence Calypso Competition - 1962
* TTT Television Calypso Competition - 1964
# Bhavani (disambiguation)

Bhavani is a Hindu goddess, a ferocious aspect of Parvati.
Bhavani may also refer to:

## People

* Adoor Bhavani, Indian film actress.
* Bhavani (actress), Indian film actress.

## Places

* Bhavani, Tamil Nadu, a city in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India
* Bhavani River, a major tributary of Kaveri River in Tamil Nadu
* Bhavanisagar, a panchayat town on the banks of Bhavanisagar Dam in Erode District
* Bhavanisagar Dam, a dam and reservoir on Bhavani River in Erode District

## Movies

* Bhavani (1967 film), a Tamil-language film
* Bhavani (2011 film), a Tamil-language film
# Ngoussoua Campement

Ngoussoua Campement is a village in the Bamingui-Bangoran prefecture in the northern Central African Republic.