OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bernhard Witkop

Bernhard Witkop (May 9, 1917 in Freiburg, Baden – November 22, 2010 in Chevy Chase, Maryland) was a German-born American organic chemist who worked for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for 37 years.
During those years, Witkop – along with his recruit, John Daly, and others – discovered the NIH shift, a term describing the movement of hydrogen, deuterium or tritium to adjacent carbons on aromatic rings during oxidation, a process key in developing many therapies. He also helped to develop selective methods for the non-enzymatic cleavage of proteins, which enabled the sequencing of amino acids in proteins as large as immunoglobulin, a method later used in the production of human insulin.
Witkop also helped pioneer the NIH Visiting Fellow Program. Among other foreign scientists, he began attracting visiting researchers to the program from Japan as early as 1955. He traveled frequently to Japan, where he gave talks in classical Japanese. In 1975, Witkop received the Order of the Sacred Treasure, bestowed by the Emperor of Japan.
“He brought in the first visiting fellow from Japan at a time when we were still in the shadow of World War II,” said Kenneth Jacobson, Chief of the NIDDK Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry. “He broke the ice.”
Other honors, among many, included election to the National Academy of Sciences (1969) and the American Philosophical Society (1999) as well as the Paul Karrer Gold Medal from the University of Zurich (1971).
Even long after most lights at NIH darkened, Witkop might still be found working in his lab. Thomas Witkop remembers going to visit his father at his West Virginia cabin one evening, and finding all signs that his father was present, except his father. “At approximately 4 a.m., he came rolling back up to the cabin. Apparently, he was at the cabin, had some big idea and drove to the lab at NIH in the middle of the night, did whatever he needed to do, and then came back.” Witkop served as head of the NIDDK Laboratory of Chemistry for 30 years. He was appointed an NIH Institute Scholar in 1987 and a Scholar Emeritus in 1993.
Witkop’s early career coincided with World War II. A German native and Jewish on his mother’s side, he gave much of the credit for his shelter from the Nazis to his mentor at the University of Munich, the Nobel Prize-winner Heinrich Wieland.
After a few years at Harvard University, Witkop came to NIH as a fellow in the United States Public Health Service in 1950. Thomas Witkop said his father’s NIH service was a high point of his life.
# Oxylamia binigrovitticollis

Oxylamia binigrovitticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1969.
# Ōzato, Okinawa

Ōzato (大里村, Ōzato-son) was a village located in Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Ōzato Castle is located here. It is named after Nanzan's the royal family.
In 2003, the village had an estimated population of 11,648 and a density of 943.16 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 12.35 km$^2$.
On January 1, 2006, Ōzato, along with the town of Sashiki, and the villages of Chinen and Tamagusuku (all from Shimajiri District), was merged to create the city of Nanjō.
# Sainte-Anne-du-Sault

Sainte-Anne-du-Sault is a former municipality located in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada. It is merged to Daveluyville since March 9, 2016.
# Preto River (Bahia, Grande River tributary)

The Preto River, a tributary of the Rio Grande, is a river of Bahia state in eastern Brazil.
The river basin includes part of the 707,079 hectares (1,747,230 acres) Serra Geral do Tocantins Ecological Station, a strictly protected conservation unit created in 2001 to preserve an area of cerrado.
# Pleromelloida cinerea

Pleromelloida cinerea, the ashy pleromelloida, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Pleromelloida cinerea is 10031.
# Ohara Dam

The Ohara Dam is a gravity dam on the Shō River in Ohara village about 17 km (11 mi) south of Nanto in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. It was constructed between 1939 and 1942. The dam has an associated 97.6 MW hydroelectric power station which was built in two parts. The first part of the power station (51.3 MW) was commissioned in 1942 and the second part of the power station (46.3 MW) was commissioned in 1980. Of the nine dams on the Shō River it is the fourth furthest downstream.
Nearby Kuroba Hot Spring [ja] offer a panoramic view of the lake water dammed up by the dam.
# Potamanaxas flavofasciata

Potamanaxas flavofasciata, the yellowbanded skipper, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.

## Subspecies

* Potamanaxas flavofasciata flavofasciata (Ecuador, Peru)
* Potamanaxas flavofasciata pantra Evans, 1953 (Bolivia)

## Appearance

The upper wings are mostly dark brown, while a wide, golden-yellow band crosses the forewing. A small white patch may be seen near the forewing apex. Additionally, the fore and hind wings have a narrow border checkered with yellow and brown. The underwing is similar except it is somewhat paler due to the lack of sunlight received in the area. The hindwing beneath is a dark brown with multiple bands of darker brown. Only males have a white ring below the antennal clubs.

## Egg

Laid by females, eggs are usually found as a short string of 2-7 red-colored eggs. They are stacked at angles instead to of being centered on each other.

## Caterpillars

Caterpillars have small yellow dots and are colored yellow-green. It has a wide, yellow, lateral stripe. The head is reddish-brown with two false eyespots in the lower facial region.

## Chrysalis

The chrysalis is covered in a white, granular substance but is generally brown with a green hue.
# Luni, Pakistan

Luni is the name of two villages in Pakistan:
* Luni (Balochistan)
* Luni (Punjab)
# Freziera glabrescens

Freziera glabrescens is a species of plant in the Pentaphylacaceae family. It is endemic to Bolivia.
# Oxylaemus

Oxylaemus is a genus of beetles in the family Teredidae. There are at least three described species in Oxylaemus.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Oxylaemus:
* Oxylaemus americanus LeConte, 1863
* Oxylaemus californicus Crotch, 1874
* Oxylaemus variolosus (Dufour, 1843)
# 1952 UCI Track Cycling World Championships

The 1952 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Paris, France from 26 to 31 August 1952. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's Professional Events ||||
| Men's sprint details | Oscar Plattner Switzerland | Georges Senfftleben France | Jan Derksen Netherlands |
| Men's individual pursuit details | Sid Patterson Australia | Antonio Bevilacqua Italy | Lucien Gillen Luxembourg |
| Men's motor-paced details | Adolph Verschueren Belgium | Walter Lohmann West Germany | Henri Lemoine France |
| Men's Amateur Events ||||
| Men's sprint details | Enzo Sacchi Italy | Marino Morettini Italy | Cyril Peacock Great Britain |
| Men's individual pursuit details | Piet van Heusden Netherlands | Mino De Rossi Italy | Loris Campana Italy |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 2 | Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Switzerland (SUI) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 6 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | Luxembourg (LUX) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (9 entries) | Totals (9 entries) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |
# French Valley

French Valley is a region located in southwestern Riverside County, near the cities and communities of Hemet, Winchester, Murrieta, and Temecula in the state of California, United States. It is part of the Plains of Leon, contiguous with the Perris Plain, that drains into the Temecula Basin by means of tributaries of the Santa Margarita River.

## History

Since the late 1800s, the French Valley was home to French grain farmers and sheepherders. After the Franco-Prussian War and the Alsace becoming German, many French-speaking residents fled to America. Among the early settlers of the French Valley were Auguste Giagnaire, Jean Labrucherie and Alexandre, Auguste and Calixte Vial, the Pourroys and the Nicolases. The train network eventually reached Temecula and Murrieta, but not the area inhabited by the French. The first use of the name "French Valley" occurred in 1913 in a California Conservation Commission report.
A traditional lifestyle was maintained until 1964 when the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California acquired 6,000 acres of land to build the Skinner Reservoir that started operating in 1976. Many ranches were immersed in the new lake.
In 1989, the French Valley Airport was inaugurated. It was built on the land of the Borel family. In 1993, a jail opened, and later became the Southwest Justice Center.
In 2007, 702 acres of the French Valley were designated as a wildlife area by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Geographic Names Information System, the valley runs from its head at 33°39′06″N 117°04′25″W﻿ / ﻿33.6516902°N 117.0736395°W﻿ / 33.6516902; -117.0736395 to its mouth at 33°35′45″N 117°07′30″W﻿ / ﻿33.5958583°N 117.1250307°W﻿ / 33.5958583; -117.1250307.
Other places nearby include the Skinner Reservoir in the Lake Skinner Park, and Diamond Valley Lake.
French Valley is located within 10 minutes of nearby cities Temecula and Murrieta as well as the 15 and 215 freeways. French Valley is also less than 15 minutes from the Temecula Valley Wine Country and Old Town Temecula. The nearby French Valley Airport is named after the valley.
French Valley is considered to be in the greater Inland Empire region of Southern California. It boasts mild winters with highs in the 60s (°F) and overnight lows in the 40s (°F). The summers are very warm with temperatures averaging 102 °F (39 °C) but sometimes soaring up to 107 °F (42 °C).
French Valley's schools are in the Temecula Valley Unified School District.
# Priscula

Priscula is a genus of South American cellar spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1893.

## Species

As of April 2022 it contains 20 species, found only in South America:
* Priscula acarite (Huber, 2020) – Venezuela
* Priscula andinensis González-Sponga, 1999 – Venezuela
* Priscula annulipes (Keyserling, 1877) – Colombia
* Priscula binghamae (Chamberlin, 1916) – Peru, Bolivia, Argentina
* Priscula bolivari (Huber, 2020) – Venezuela
* Priscula chejapi González-Sponga, 1999 – Venezuela
* Priscula gularis Simon, 1893 (type) – Ecuador
* Priscula huila Huber, 2000 – Colombia
* Priscula lagunosa González-Sponga, 1999 – Venezuela
* Priscula limonensis González-Sponga, 1999 – Venezuela
* Priscula paeza Huber, 2000 – Colombia
* Priscula paila (Huber, 2020) – Venezuela
* Priscula pallisteri Huber, 2000 – Peru
* Priscula piapoco Huber, 2000 – Venezuela
* Priscula piedraensis González-Sponga, 1999 – Venezuela
* Priscula salmeronica González-Sponga, 1999 – Venezuela
* Priscula taruma Huber, 2000 – Guyana
* Priscula tunebo Huber, 2000 – Venezuela
* Priscula ulai González-Sponga, 1999 – Venezuela
* Priscula venezuelana Simon, 1893 – Venezuela
# Ples, Moravče

Ples (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Moravče in central Slovenia. It lies east of Moravče on the main road to Izlake. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

Ples was attested in historical sources as Pless in 1347, Plyess in 1355, and Plezz in 1383, among other spellings.

## History

Ples was a hamlet of Zgornja Dobrava until 1953, when it was administratively separated and made a village in its own right.
# Lasioglossum pacificum

Lasioglossum pacificum is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae.
# Often I Am Permitted to Return to a Meadow

"Often I Am Permitted to Return to a Meadow" is a poem written by Robert Duncan in 1960. The poem was published in his book The Opening of the Field.
The speaker describes a meadow to which he is "often permitted to return." This meadow seems to represent a place that is metaphysically, spiritually, and emotionally valuable for him. The notion of permission is ambiguous: it is not made clear who does the permitting or why permission is needed.
# MDAP (disambiguation)

MDAP is Methenmadinone acetate, a progestin medication.
MDAP may also refer to:
* Major Defense Acquisition Program, a U.S. Department of Defense program within the Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act of 2009
* Mutual Defense Assistance Program
# Royal crown

Royal crown may refer to
* Crown, a traditional symbolic form of headgear worn by a monarch.
* Royal Crown Cola, an American brand of cola-flavored soft drink.
# Freziera parva

Freziera parva is a species of plant in the Pentaphylacaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.
# PRIM1

DNA primase small subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRIM1 gene.
The replication of DNA in eukaryotic cells is carried out by a complex chromosomal replication apparatus, in which DNA polymerase alpha and primase are two key enzymatic components. Primase, which is a heterodimer of a small subunit and a large subunit, synthesizes small RNA primers for the Okazaki fragments made during discontinuous DNA replication. The protein encoded by this gene is the small, 49 kDa primase subunit.
# Ōmikami

Ōmikami may refer to:
* Amaterasu, or Amaterasu-ōmikami, Shinto sun goddess
* Toyouke-Ōmikami, Shinto goddess of agriculture and industry
# Madīnat Yanbuʽ aṣ-Ṣināʽīyah

Yanbu Industrial City (ينبع الصناعية Madīnat Yanbuʽ aṣ-Ṣināʽīyah) is a town and a south-western suburb of Yanbu Al Bahr in the Medina Region, in western Saudi Arabia.
# Phillip Collins (cyclist)

Phillip Collins (born 10 January 1972) is an Irish former cyclist. He competed in the men's individual pursuit at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Berkshiria

Berkshiria is a genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Species

* Berkshiria albistylum Johnson, 1914
* Berkshiria hungarica (Kertesz, 1921)
# Ma Yifu

Ma Yifu (1883-1967), born Fu, courtesy name Yifo, was a Chinese philosopher, poet, and calligrapher. He was one of the leading scholars of the modern New-Confucianism, along with Liang Shuming and Xiong Shili, collectively known as the "Three Sages of New Confucianism." Skilled in poetry and literature, proficient in calligraphy, and also deeply versed in philosophy and Buddhism, he is known as the 'Supreme Master of Confucianism, Buddhism, and philosophy'.

## Life and career

He was born on April 2, 1883, in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. He was the fourth child in the family. His father, Ma Tingpei, had served as the magistrate of Renshou County in Sichuan. At the age of five, he returned to his ancestral home in Shaoxing.
Ma Yifu attended private school at the age of four to study the classic texts. In 1898, at the age of 15, he ranked first in the provincial-level imperial examination. Among the candidates were distinguished writer Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren) and his brother Zhou Zuoren. To the account of Feng Zikai, Ma Yifu effortlessly quoted and recited classical texts with precision. Hongyi praised Ma as being "naturally endowed with knowledge and wisdom."
In 1901, he co-founded "Translation World" with Xie Wuliang, Ma Junwu, and others. In 1903, he went to the United States to study European literature and later traveled to Germany and Japan to study Western philosophy. In 1911, he returned to China and supported the 1911 Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen. Later, he devoted himself to the study of traditional Chinese culture. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he served as a professor at National Zhejiang University.
In 1939, he established the Fuxing Institute (复性学院) in Sichuan as an independent educational institution dedicated to teaching and promoting traditional Chinese culture, with a particular focus on the Six Arts. In 1953, he became the director of Zhejiang Museum of Literature and History.
During the Cultural Revolution, despite his lifelong integrity, he bowed to the Red Guards in his old age; when his home was raided, he pleaded, "Can I keep a inkstone to write?" but received a slap instead. Overwhelmed with grief and indignation, he passed away soon after.

## Philosophy

Ma Yifu advocated that the Six Arts initially taught by Confucius are the foundation of academic studies in Chinese cultural studies, and that Six Arts "could be a guide to all learning." He believed that contrary to being outdated, the Six Arts retained their relevance and would continue to cultivate well-rounded individuals with sound judgment and virtue, enabling them to address real-life challenges at all times.
# Rems

Rems or REMS may refer to:
* Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry
* Rams (card game), a card game also known as Rems
* Rapid eye movement sleep, a sleep phase
* Rems (river), a river in Germany
* Research, Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics, a concentration in Educational Psychology at Texas Tech University
* No. 204 Reserve Equipment Maintenance Satellite at RCAF Station Assiniboia
* Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies, risk management plans to ensure safe use of dangerous pharmaceuticals
* Romanian Electron Microscopy Society, a member society of the European Microscopy Society and consequently the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy.
* Rover Environmental Monitoring Station, meteorological sensors on the Mars rover Curiosity
* Ryan Rems, a Filipino comedian and television personality
* Rems Umeasiegbu, a Nigerian professor, scholar, novelist, poet and folklorist
* Tadej Rems, a Slovenian football player
# Freshwater herring

"Freshwater herring" is a term applied to a wide variety of freshwater fish which resemble herring:
* Clupeoides papuensis, toothed river herring
* Coregonus albula, vendace
* Potamalosa richmondia, Australian freshwater herring
* Salvelinus grayi, the Lough Melvin charr
* Sardinella tawilis, the bombon sardine
# List of chief ministers of KwaNdebele

This is a list of executive leaders of the former bantustan of KwaNdebele in South Africa. Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office.

## Chief executive councillors: 1977–1981

| Name | Term | Term |
| Simon Skosana | 7 October 1977 | 31 March 1981 |
From October 1977 to 30 September 1979, the territory was known as the Ndebele Territorial Authority. On 1 October 1979, it was officially established as a homeland with a legislative assembly under the new name KwaNdebele. Simon Skosana remained in office as Chief Executive Councillor until 1 April 1981, when KwaNdebele was granted self-governing status and Skosana was appointed to the new position of Chief Minister of KwaNdebele.

## Chief ministers: 1981–1994

| Name | Term | Term |
| Simon Skosana | 1 April 1981 | 17 November 1986 |
| Klaas Mtshiweni (acting) | 17 November 1986 | 27 November 1986 |
| George Majozi Mahlangu | 27 November 1986 | 3 February 1989 |
| Jonas Masana Mabena | 3 February 1989 | 30 April 1990 |
| James Mahlangu | 30 April 1990 | 26 April 1994 |
| KwaNdebele re-integrated into South Africa on 27 April 1994. |||
# Dolichopus sabinus

Dolichopus sabinus is a species of fly in the family Dolichopodidae. It is native to Europe, though it has also been recorded from Tanzania in Africa.
# Paralithoxus stocki

Paralithoxus stocki is a species of armored catfish endemic to French Guiana where it occurs in the Maroni and Mana River basins. This species grows to a length of 6.6 centimetres (2.6 in) SL.
# Ostby Township, Bottineau County, North Dakota

Ostby Township is a civil township in Bottineau County in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, its population was 45.
# Portrait of a Gentleman (Melone)

Portrait of a Gentleman is a 1513 oil on wood panel by Altobello Melone. It is kept in the Accademia Carrara, Bergamo.
It is one of the most famous paintings from the collection of Count Guglielmo Lochis, where for it was thought to be a portrait of Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI. The attribution to Altobello Melone was first made in 1871. It was confirmed in 1955 by Mina Gregori, who compared the portrait in eccentric style to Melone's The road to Emmaus.
Some three hundred years after the portrait was painted, the Borgia family ordered a copy from Pelagio Palagi, and the copy was discussed at some length by Antoine-Claude Pasquin.
# Remptendorf

Remptendorf is a municipality in the district Saale-Orla-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany.
# Saionji Kintsune

Saionji Kintsune (西園寺公経, 1171 – 1244) was a waka poet and Japanese nobleman active in the early Kamakura period. He is designated as a member of the New Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry (新三十六歌仙, Shin Sanjūrokkasen).
He was also a major contributor to the Shinchokusen Wakashū anthology.
In 1222AD he was appointed as the Chancellor of the Realm and later entered in religion in 1231AD.

## Poetry

In the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, he is called the Lay Buddhist Novice and former Chancellor of the Realm (入道前太政大臣, Nyudō Saki no Daijō-daijin). The ninety-sixth poem reads:
   花さそふ嵐の庭の雪ならで ふりゆくものは我が身なりけり hana sasou arashi no niwa no yuki narade furiyuku mono wa waga mi narikeri (Shinchokusen Wakashū 13:1054)
# Oļegs Maļuhins

Oļegs Maļuhins (рус. Олег Малюхин, born 6 May 1969) is a former Latvian biathlete.

## Career

Maļuhins was not made part of the Latvian Olympic biathlon team in 2006, and so participated in cross-country skiing instead. He retired after that season, but announced a comeback in 2008 stating that he would try to qualify for the 2010 Winter Olympics. He did not qualify. Altogether, he participated in five Olympic Games.
Currently, he works as a coach near Daugavpils.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Relay |
| 1992 Albertville | 69th | 13th | — | 16th |
| 1994 Lillehammer | 40th | — | — | 16th |
| 1998 Nagano | — | 6th | — | 6th |
| 2002 Salt Lake City | DNF | 46th | 30th | 17th |
    *Pursuit was added as an event in 2002.

### World Championships

| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Team | Relay |
| 1992 Novosibirsk | — | — | — | — | 10th | — |
| 1993 Borovets | 41st | 41st | — | — | 19th | 18th |
| 1995 Antholz-Anterselva | 67th | — | — | — | 7th | 12th |
| 1996 Ruhpolding | 20th | 48th | — | — | 13th | 11th |
| 1997 Brezno-Osrblie | 33rd | 64th | — | — | 12th | 12th |
| 1998 Pokljuka | — | — | 11th | — | — | — |
| 1999 Kontiolahti | 28th | 5th | 4th | 7th | — | 5th |
| 2000 Oslo Holmenkollen | 15th | 15th | 7th | 7th | — | 6th |
| 2001 Pokljuka | 30th | 21st | 19th | 17th | — | 9th |
| 2003 Khanty-Mansiysk | 15th | 26th | 35th | — | — | 12th |
| 2004 Oberhof | 42nd | 30th | 43rd | — | — | 13th |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
    **Team was removed as an event in 1998, and pursuit was added in 1997 with mass start being added in 1999.

### Individual victories

1 victory (1 Sp)
| Season | Date | Location | Discipline | Level |
| 1998–99 1 victory (1 Sp) | 4 March 1999 | Valcartier | 10 km sprint | Biathlon World Cup |
    *Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.