OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Death of Kugan Ananthan

Kugan Ananthan (died 20 January 2009) was a Royal Malaysian Police detainee who died in a police lock-up while under arrest for suspicion of alleged car robbery. Kugan's family forcefully broke into the morgue where Kugan's body was kept (for which they were later scolded by then Home Minister and IGP of Malaysia) and stated they believe he had been tortured to death while in police custody. His case was later classified as murder by the Attorney-General, and 11 officers at the station where he died were transferred to desk duty. The Inspector-General of Police has promised a full investigation into Kugan's death.
An initial autopsy declared the cause of death to be acute pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs), but Kugan's family alleged scratches and other bruises on the corpse were proof he had been tortured. A second autopsy was later held. This second autopsy found the cause of death to be rhabdomyolysis—skeletal muscle damage resulting in acute kidney failure. Health Ministry director-general Tan Sri Ismail Merican later released a report on the differences between the two autopsies. The report, based on the findings of a 10-person committee, suggested that although Kugan had been beaten, probably with a flexible blunt object such as a hose, the trauma was insufficient to cause death. The report also dismissed other discrepancies in the two autopsy reports, attributing them to miscommunication and misinterpretation on the part of the pathologist who performed the second autopsy.
The High Court found Inspector-General of Police (then the Selangor police chief) Khalid Abu Bakar, Khalid's predecessor as national police chief, Ismail Omar, and three other defendants liable for misfeasance leading to his death after finding contradictions between Khalid's and other witnesses' testimonies. The High Court awarded his mother RM851,700 in assault and battery, false imprisonment, misfeasance, and pain and suffering damages.
# Wrebbit

Wrebbit, Inc was a puzzle-making company best known for its Puzz-3D puzzles. The company was founded in Montreal, Quebec, by Paul Gallant, and marketed itself as "The Puzzle Innovators". Its namesake appears to stem from the fact that the company's mascot is a green frog, and "Wrebbit" is either an alternative spelling or possibly a play on words of the word ribbit.
In the late 1990s, 3-dimensional puzzles were a successful fad, leading to a rapid growth in the company. In 2001, the business was bought by Irwin Toy. When Irwin Toy filed for bankruptcy a year later, Gallant bought back the business and relaunched it in a much reduced state. In 2005, the business was bought by Hasbro, which moved the manufacture of Wrebbit's puzzles to its facility in East Longmeadow, Massachusetts, in 2006.
Gallant died on September 13, 2011. In 2012, Gallant's son and a partner who worked for Wrebbit revived the Wrebbit name and founded Wrebbit 3D Puzzle, producing the same type of puzzle as Puzz-3D.
# René Renou

René Bernard Renou (16 June 1952 – 19 June 2006) was president of the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) at the time of his death and was "one of the most influential men in French winemaking.".
Renou argued that France's Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) system was hindering the country's competitiveness in the world wine market. He said that the AOC system was "conceived for producers rather than consumers", that there are too many AOCs, they are not meaningful, that they confuse consumers, and that reform was essential. His proposals for reform met strong resistance and defense of the status quo.
BettaneDesseauve named Renou Man of the Year in 2005. He was a Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur and Commander in the Ordre du Mérite Agricole.
The René Renou winery is located in the Anjou district of the Loire Valley wine region, and makes wine from Coteaux du Layon and other AOCs.
# Fiskåtangen

Fiskåtangen or Fiskå is a neighbourhood and small peninsula in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Vågsbygd and in the district of Slettheia. The islands of Svensholmen and Bragdøya lie to the southeast off the coast of Fiskåtangen. The neighborhood is located to the west of Kjerrheia and north of Lumber. Fiskåtangen has the only junior high for the district of Slettheia. Fiskåtangen has a large industrial area serving Vågsbygd and Kristiansand. The local newspaper Fædrelandsvennen was headquartered at Fiskå before it relocated to Kvadraturen in the summer of 2015.
# Remnant natural area

A remnant natural area, also known as remnant habitat, is an ecological community containing native flora and fauna that has not been significantly disturbed by destructive activities such as agriculture, logging, pollution, development, fire suppression, or non-native species invasion. The more disturbed an area has been, the less characteristic it becomes of remnant habitat. Remnant areas are also described as "biologically intact" or "ecologically intact."
Remnant natural areas are often used as reference ecosystems in ecological restoration projects.

## Ecology

A remnant natural area can be described in terms of its natural quality or biological integrity, which is the extent to which it has the internal biodiversity and abiotic elements to replicate itself over time. Another definition of biological integrity is "the capability of supporting and maintaining a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of the natural habitat of the region." Abiotic elements determining the quality of a natural area may include factors such as hydrologic connectivity or fire. In areas that have been dredged, drained, or dammed, the altered hydrology can destroy a remnant natural area. Similarly, too much or too little fire can degrade or destroy a remnant natural area.
Remnant natural areas are characterized by the presence of "conservative" plants and animals—organisms that are restricted to or highly characteristic of areas that have not been disturbed by humans. Tools to measure aspects of natural areas quality in remnant areas include Floristic Quality Assessment and the Macroinvertebrate Community Index.

## Examples

In the upper Midwestern United States, remnant natural areas date prior to European settlement, going back to the end of the Wisconsinian Glaciation approximately 15,000 years ago. Diverse remnant plant community examples in that region include tallgrass prairie, beech-maple forest, savannas, bogs, and fens. Remnant natural areas in Illinois have largely been classified by the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory as Category I "high quality terrestrial or wetland natural communities."
In Australia, remnant habitats are sometimes called "bushland," and include communities such as forest, woodland, grasslands, mallee, coastal heathland, and rainforest.
# Firmicus (crater)

Firmicus is a lunar impact crater that lies in the eastern part of the Moon's near side, so that from Earth it appears oval in shape due to foreshortening. It is, however, very nearly circular. The crater is located to the west of the Mare Undarum, and northeast of the similar-sized crater Apollonius. To the north of Firmicus are the craters van Albada and Auzout. Attached to its northwest rim is the Lacus Perseverantiae, a miniature lunar mare.
The crater is named after 4th century Roman astrologer Julius Firmicus Maternus. The name was formally adopted by the IAU in 1935.
The most notable aspect of Firmicus is the dark, flat floor. It has a similar albedo to the surface of Mare Crisium to the north, making it stand out somewhat from its surroundings. The floor has suffered no significant impacts since it was created, although there are undoubtedly many minor impacts across its surface. The outer rim of Firmicus has undergone some erosion, particularly along the northern rim where it is overlain by a pair of small craterlets.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Firmicus.
| Firmicus | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 6.4° N | 65.1° E | 8 km |
| B | 7.3° N | 65.8° E | 14 km |
| C | 7.7° N | 66.5° E | 13 km |
| D | 5.9° N | 64.4° E | 11 km |
| E | 8.0° N | 63.6° E | 9 km |
| F | 6.5° N | 61.8° E | 9 km |
| G | 6.9° N | 61.9° E | 9 km |
| H | 7.5° N | 60.3° E | 7 km |
| M | 4.1° N | 67.2° E | 42 km |
* Firmicus C is a concentric crater
* Oblique view of Firmicus C from Apollo 17
# Dayna Cussler

Dayna Gayle Cussler is an American film producer, screenwriter, costume designer, and film actress. She is also the daughter of novelist Clive Cussler.
Cussler has worked on several films starting in 1987, mostly on sci-fi productions. Her first films were The Alamo: Thirteen Days to Glory and Barfly, both in 1987. Through the 1990s she worked on numerous film projects, including Philadelphia Experiment II and Hellraiser: Bloodline. In 2000 she produced her first film, 2 on U, which she wrote, produced, and starred in opposite Micky Levy, Tomas Arana, and Tom Novak.
Cussler also played the role of Kitty Mannock in the 2005 film Sahara, an adaptation of her father's novel Sahara, which starred Matthew McConaughey, Penélope Cruz and Steve Zahn. However, in the final takes of production her scenes were deleted.
Cussler is a founding member of the Los Angeles theatre ensemble group, GueirrLA Theatre. She appeared in many local productions as an actress.
Cussler was a member of the band The Darklings and currently plays drums with Stations of the Sun. She continues to write, produce, act and make music.
# Naud

Naud may refer to:

## Persons

* Albert Naud, French actor appearing in Life Love Death (1968) and Mourir d'aimer (1971)
* Cassandra Naud (born 1992 or 1993), Canadian actress and dancer
* Daniel Naud (born 1962), Canadian ice hockey player
* Laurent Naud (1909–1992), Quebec businessman operating a wood and building materials business in Sainte-Thècle
* Pierrick Naud (born 1991), Canadian cyclist

## Toponyms

* Naud Junction, an area in northern Downtown Los Angeles, California
* Saint-Loup-de-Naud, French commune of Seine-et-Marne
* Calvaire Alexandre-Naud, a monument in the town of Deschambault-Grondines, Quebec, on the list of historic places in Capitale-Nationale
# Fischer's sparrow-lark

Fischer's sparrow-lark (Eremopterix leucopareia) or Fischer's finch-lark is a species of passerine bird in the family Alaudidae. It is found from central Kenya to eastern Zambia, Malawi and north-western Mozambique. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland.
This inconspicuous dull-coloured bird somewhat resembles a finch. It can be distinguished from the similar chestnut-headed sparrow-lark by the absence of a white patch on the crown of its head. It is found on short grass plains where it congregates in large flocks except during the breeding season.
The common name of the bird commemorates the German explorer Gustav Fischer.
# Flavocrambus picassensis

Flavocrambus picassensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in the Russian Far East (Amur, Ussuri, Askold, southern Ural).
# Fitzpatrick Vernon, 2nd Baron Lyveden

Fitzpatrick Henry Vernon, 2nd Baron Lyveden (27 April 1824 – 25 February 1900) was a British peer and Liberal Party politician.

## Biography

Vernon was born in 1824, the eldest son of Robert Smith (1800–1873) and grandson of Robert Percy Smith. Both his father and grandfather were members of parliament. His father received Royal licence to change the family name to Vernon in lieu of Smith in 1846, taking the surname of his own mother, and was created Baron Lyveden in 1859. He had married, in 1823, Lady Emma Mary Fitzpatrick (d.1882), daughter and co-heir of the 2nd and last Earl of Upper Ossory. Fitzpatrick succeeded his father as second baron in 1873.
Vernon was educated at Eton College and Durham University. He entered the diplomatic service and served as attaché to Madrid from 1846 to 1848, to Hanover from 1848 to 1849, and to Berlin from 1849 to 1850. He returned home as private secretary to Lord Seymour, Commissioner of Woods and Forests in 1850, and was then secretary to his father while he served as Secretary of War for a month in 1852, and as President of the Board of Control from 1855 to 1858. Duriung this period he unsuccessfully contested the North Northamptonshire parliamentary seat as a liberal in 1857 and the South Northamptonshire seat the following year.
Lord Lyveden was a Justice of the peace and Deputy Lieutenant for Northamptonshire.

## Family

Vernon married, on 21 June 1853, Lady Albreda Elizabeth Wentworth-Fitzwilliam (1829–1891), youngest daughter of the 5th Earl Fitzwilliam. Following his first wife's death in 1891, Lord Lyvenden re-married in 1896 Julia Kate Emary, youngest daughter of Albert Emary, of Hastings. He left no children with either wife.
He died in London on 25 February 1900, when the barony was inherited by his nephew Courtenay Robert Percy Vernon (1857–1926), son of his brother Hon. Courtenay John Vernon (1828–1892).
# Fleischner Society

The Fleischner Society is an international, multidisciplinary medical society for thoracic radiology, dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest. Founded in 1969 by eight radiologists whose predominant professional interests were imaging of chest diseases, the Society was named in memory of Felix Fleischner, an inspiring educator, clinician, and researcher who made many contributions to the field of chest radiology. The Society has had an active membership of approximately 65 members throughout its existence as well as approximately 35 senior members, who have retired from active medical practice or work in medical science after years of active membership in the Society.
The Fleischner Society maintains a diverse membership that includes experts in adult and pediatric radiology, pathology, adult and pediatric pulmonary medicine, thoracic surgery, physiology, morphology, epidemiology and other related sciences. The diverse membership supports a primary role of the Society, which is the publication of Fleischner Position Papers, which represent consensus documents that focus on controversial topics.
Recent Fleischner Position Papers include:
* Hansell; et al. (2008). "Fleischner Society: Glossary of Terms for Thoracic Imaging". Radiology. 246 (3): 697–722. doi:10.1148/radiol.2462070712. PMID 18195376.
* Management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism in the era of CT angiography: a statement from the Fleischner Society, published in Radiology
* Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: a statement from the Fleischner Society, published in Radiology
The Fleischner Society meets annually for scientific sessions where the latest advances in chest disease diagnosis and treatment are presented and discussed. While the preparation of Fleischner Position Papers is a year-round activity, the annual meeting serves as an important touch point for discussion and consensus around the topics.
The Society is governed by an Executive Committee, composed of the President, President-Elect, Secretary, Treasurer, Chairman of Academic Development and Past-president. In 2011-2012, the President of the Society is Geoffrey D Rubin, MD. from Duke University.
The Society is managed through the American College of Radiology in Reston, Virginia, U.S.
# Naujienos

Naujienos is the title of two Lithuanian-language newspapers:
* Naujienos (apolitical newspaper), monthly published in 1901–1903 by Varpas editorial staff in East Prussia
* Naujienos (socialist newspaper), daily published in 1914–1980s by Lithuanian-Americans in Chicago
# Naujoji Banga

Naujoji Banga ('New Wave') was a Lithuanian-language fortnightly newspaper published in Montevideo, Uruguay, from 1931 to 1940. Naujoji Banga was the organ of the Lithuanian Socialist Federation, the Lithuanian branch of the Socialist Party of Uruguay.
# DePauw football, 1884–1889

The DePauw football program from 1884 to 1899 represented DePauw University in its first decade of college football competition. The team did not take on the nickname "Tigers" until 1918. DePauw did not play any intercollegiate games between 1885 and 1888.

## 1884

The 1884 DePauw football team represented DePauw University during the 1884 college football season. The team had no head coach and played only one game, on May 31, losing to Butler. It was the first football game played in the state of Indiana.

### Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| May 31 | 3:30 p.m. | at Butler | 7th Street Base Ball ParkIndianapolis, IN | L 0–4 | |

## 1889

The 1889 DePauw football team represented DePauw University as an independent during the 1889 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Wilmer Glenn, DePauw compiled a record of 0–1–1.

### Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| November 16 | 3:00 p.m. | at Purdue | Baseball parkLafayette, IN | L 10–34 | |
| November 23 | | Indiana | Greencastle, IN | T 6–6 | |
# Fitzpatrick-Harmon House

The Fitzpatrick-Harmon House, at 102 E. Court St. in Prestonsburg, Kentucky, was built in 1890. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
It was described in 1988 as a two-story central passage plan house with a side-gabled roof. Its main section was built around 1890 and was modified in 1904. A two-story Colonial Revival-style portico was added in the 1950s. It was stated that "Although somewhat altered, the house is clearly recognizable as a product of its time and place."
The house no longer exists at that location.
# Deborah Erskine

Deborah Erskine (born 1990 or 1991; née Armstrong) is a Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) politician from Northern Ireland. She was elected as a councillor for Erne North in the 2019 Fermanagh and Omagh District Council election, and has been a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Fermanagh and South Tyrone since 11 October 2021. Erskine is the DUP Spokesperson for Promoting the Union with Young People and New Communities.

## Career

Before becoming a politician, Deborah Armstrong worked as a journalist. Her first role was a reporter for the Ulster Herald, a weekly newspaper based in Omagh. She then became a press officer for the DUP, before working in Arlene Foster's constituency office.

### Council

Armstrong was elected to Fermanagh and Omagh District Council in the 2019 election, for the Erne North electoral area, ranking sixth out of ten candidates on first preference votes. She unseated incumbent DUP councillor David Mahon once all vote transfers had been completed. Arlene Foster was named as her election agent. She had been considered a favourite for chairperson of the council in 2021 following the end of Diana Armstrong's term, however the role went to Errol Thompson of the DUP.
Armstrong (Erskine following her marriage in late 2019) was supportive of Arlene Foster when DUP MLAs and MPs signed a letter of no confidence in her leadership. Along with Mid Ulster District Council councillor Kim Ashton, she criticised Christopher Stalford's handling of the fallout. Following Foster's resignation as leader, and the subsequent leadership election, Erskine was critical of Foster's removal, with her constituency group saying it was "not done in our name". She was thought to be supportive of Paul Bell, Ashton's father, who left the party following Poots's election.

### MLA

Foster announced her resignation as MLA for Fermanagh and South Tyrone on 7 September 2021. A month later, on 7 October, Erskine was announced to have been co-opted to replace Foster, and became MLA on 11 October 2021. Erskine used her acceptance speech to praise Foster, saying that "[h]er dedication to Fermanagh and South Tyrone has been unstinting. I thank Arlene for her unwavering encouragement to me, and I know that will continue." Her seat on Fermanagh and Omagh District Council was filled by Paul Stevenson. Erskine is a member of the Committee for Health in the Assembly.
In the 2022 Assembly election, Erskine was elected to a full term with 5,272 first preference votes. She was elected in the eighth count with 6695.3 votes. She used her acceptance speech to praise Foster, saying that she "should be here today for re-election and I want to pay tribute to her for her work and dedication to this constituency and indeed, Northern Ireland."

## Personal life

Erskine married Robert Erskine on 31 October 2019.
# Deborah Evans-Quek

Deborah Evans-Quek (née Evans, formerly Cooper, born 21 July 1961) is a Welsh chess player, five-times Welsh Women's Chess Championship winner (1977, 1979, 1991, 2000, 2003), Chess Olympiad individual silver medal winner (1986).

## Biography

From the end of 1970s to the mid-2000s Deborah Evans-Quek was one of the best chess female player in Wales. She twice participated in European Girls' Junior Chess Championships (1979, 1980). Deborah Evans-Quek has won Welsh Women's Chess Championship five times: 1977, 1979, 1991 (jointly), 2000, and 2003. In 1993, in Delden she participated in Women's World Chess Championship West European Zonal tournament.
Deborah Evans-Quek played for Wales in the Chess Olympiads:
* In 1978, at second board in the 8th Chess Olympiad (women) in Buenos Aires (+5, =2, -5),
* In 1980, at second board in the 9th Chess Olympiad (women) in Valletta (+7, =0, -5),
* In 1982, at first board in the 10th Chess Olympiad (women) in Lucerne (+4, =2, -5),
* In 1984, at second board in the 26th Chess Olympiad (women) in Thessaloniki (+4, =4, -3),
* In 1986, at second board in the 27th Chess Olympiad (women) in Dubai (+7, =2, -1) and won individual silver medal,
* In 1988, at second board in the 28th Chess Olympiad (women) in Thessaloniki (+5, =0, -7),
* In 1990, at first board in the 29th Chess Olympiad (women) in Novi Sad (+5, =1, -6),
* In 1992, at second board in the 30th Chess Olympiad (women) in Manila (+5, =1, -5),
* In 2000, at second board in the 34th Chess Olympiad (women) in Istanbul (+5, =2, -4),
* In 2002, at first board in the 35th Chess Olympiad (women) in Bled (+3, =1, -7),
* In 2004, at second board in the 36th Chess Olympiad (women) in Calvià (+0, =4, -4).
Deborah Evans-Quek played for Wales in the European Women's Team Chess Championship:
* In 1992, at first board in the 1st European Team Chess Championship (women) in Debrecen (+1, =0, -6).