OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pseudohypertrophy

Pseudohypertrophy, or false enlargement, is an increase in the size of an organ due to infiltration of a tissue not normally found in that organ. It is commonly applied to enlargement of a muscle due to infiltration of fat or connective tissue, famously in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This is in contrast with typical muscle hypertrophy, in which the muscle tissue itself increases in size. Because pseudohypertrophy is not a result of increased muscle tissue, the muscles look bigger but are actually atrophied and thus weaker. Pseudohypertrophy is typically the result of a disease, which can be a disease of muscle or a disease of the nerve supplying the muscle.
Causes of pseudohypertrophy include muscle diseases: dystrophinopathies, limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, metabolic myopathy, Dystrophic myotonias, Non-dystrophic myotonias, endocrine disorders, parasitic muscle conditions, amyloid and sarcoid myopathy, and granulomatous myositis.
Neurological causes include radiculopathy, poliomyelitis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, spinal muscular atrophy.
In pseudohypertrophy where the atrophied muscle tissue has been infiltrated by fat tissue, upon palpitation the seemingly large muscles feel doughy.
Not all muscles infiltrated by fat or other tissue are pseudohypertrophic. In muscular steatosis, sometimes the muscles may appear a normal or a slender size, even though the atrophied muscle has been infiltrated with fat tissue, such as the calf muscles in Bethlem myopathy 1. In myosclerosis, the muscle is infiltrated with connective tissue and fibrosis, having a firm, "woody" feel upon palpitation, with the muscles appearing slender.

## Etymology

Pseudohypertrophy can be broken up into the following roots, suffixes, and prefixes:
* Pseudo means 'false' or 'fake'. The etymology is from the Greek word ψεύδω (pseúdō), which means to lie or deceive.
* hyper means 'extreme' or 'beyond normal'. The etymology is from the Greek word ὑπέρ (hupér), which means over, above; beyond, to the extreme.
* trophy means 'nourishment', or 'development'. The etymology is from the Greek word τροφή (trophḗ), which means food, nourishment.
The term was used by Duchenne de Boulogne in his description of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in one of his works "paralysie musculaire pseudo-hypertrophique."

## Other names

As well as being known as 'false enlargement,' when the muscle has been infiltrated by fat tissue, historically it has also been called muscular steatosis, pseudohypertrophic atrophy, lipomatous pseudohypertrophy, interstitial lipomatosis, lipomatous muscular dystrophy, or atrophia lipomatosa. It is also known as fatty atrophy of muscle (not to be confused with fat atrophy, which is atrophy of adipose tissue), as muscle tissue is replaced by fat tissue, the actual muscle atrophies while the fat tissue replaces the bulk.
# Omar Cabezas

Omar Cabezas Lacayo (born 1950 in León, Nicaragua) is a Nicaraguan author, revolutionary and politician. He was a commander in the guerrilla war against Anastasio Somoza Debayle, and prominent Sandinista party member. He wrote a personal account of his days as a guerrilla fighting the Somoza dynasty entitled Fire From the Mountain (published in Nicaragua as La montaña es algo mas que una inmensa estepa verde).
This personal testimony can be read as a bildungsroman, or novela de formación in Spanish. In it, Cabezas learns about life, about social injustice, about women, and about the difficulty of overthrowing a dictatorship. He struggles against nature; an infection he suffers from being on the mountain puts his life in jeopardy. He overcomes numerous obstacles in his quest to bring down the brutal US-supported thirty year Somoza dynasty in an environment defined by terror and hope (such as the violent shootout between the military and the Sandinista militant Julio Buitrago). Cabezas' story is about an idealist man in a time when it meant something to be heroic. It is also known for being the first major work in the Nicaraguan vernacular, rather than formal Spanish.
Cabezas would later write a sequel, Canción de amor para los hombres.
Cabezas was a member of the Sandinista government, until he was stripped of his positions in 1987, following disagreement with other leading Sandinistas. He was elected to the National Assembly in the 1990 elections, and continues as a public figure to this day.
# List of highways numbered 690

The following highways are numbered 690:

## Canada

* Alberta Highway 690
* New Brunswick Route 690
* Saskatchewan Highway 690

## United States

* I-690
* SR 690
* NY 690
* SR 690
* PA 690
* PR-690
| Preceded by 689 | Lists of highways 690 | Succeeded by 691 |
# Principality of Odoyev

The Principality of Odoyev was one of the Upper Oka Principalities from the 1376 to the 1573. The town of Odoyev was the centre of the principality.

## History

The Principality's history was closely linked with its place between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Moscow and the Golden Horde.
Prince of Novosil Roman Semyonovich took part with Prince of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy in the campaign of Tver in 1375. In December, the Horde wiped out most of Novosil and the principality's land. The Odoyevsky Principality arose in the next year when Roman Semyonovich settled in Odoyev or possibly after his death in about 1402.
Princes of Odoyev called themselves princes of Novosil, and sometimes princes of Novosil and Odoyev up to the late 1400 and began name themselves only princes of Odoyev by the mid-1500s. The House of Odoyev died out in the 19th Century.
In 1407, Lithuanians burned down Odoyev. The principality was ceded to them in 1427. The Princes of Odoyev were granted extensive lands in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but Lithuanians collected tribute from them annually.
In the late 1400s — early 1500s, the Principality of Odoyev was torn between the Crimean Khanate, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Duchy of Moscow.
In 1494, the principality was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. and in 1573 the last prince, Nikita Romanovich, was beheaded by the oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible.

## Princes of Odoyev

Roman Semyonovich Novosilsky (? — after 1402)
Yuri Romanovich Cherny Odoevsky (? — after 1429)
Ivan Yurievich Odoevsky (? — about 1470)
Semyon Yurievich (? — 1473)
Fedor Ivanovich Odoevsky (? — after 1497)
Nikita Romanovich Odoevsky (? — 1573)
# Marilyn Mehlmann

Marilyn Mehlmann (born 1939 in London) is a Swedish environmentalist and educator.

## Early life and education

Born in England, Mehlmann went to a French school and worked in Norway and Denmark before settling in Sweden.

## Career

At the start of her career, Mehlmann was involved with product development at IBM. After a period as Senior Associate at the consultancy firm Projektstyrning AB she founded her own management consultancy, while also acting as director of the Swedish Institute for Social Inventions.
In 1995, Mehlmann was appointed General Secretary of Global Action Plan International, a network of NGOs that specialises in sustainable behaviour change. She has worked for several decades in around 30 countries in Europe, the United States, Asia, and Southern Africa to empower individuals and organizations to live and work more sustainably. Mehlmann helps to co-create new methods and tools for sustainable development, including a Learning for Change methodology currently offered on three continents. Since 2005, Mehlmann is also a Vice-President of the Union of International Associations or UIA. Mehlmann is a member of several advisory boards.
In November 2010, Mehlmann gave a TEDx talk on sustainable change in her hometown of Stockholm.
In 2011, Mehlmann was awarded the Rachel Carson Prize for her long-term efforts to involve individuals, companies and NGOs in acting sustainably.
Mehlmann is also the author and co-author of numerous publications.
In 2017 Marilyn together with her husband Alexander founded the not-for-profit organization Legacy17. Legacy17 is an international cooperative of leading-edge consultants, practitioners and educators focused on supporting the realization of the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

## Selected publications
### In English

* A Transformative Edge: Knowledge, Inspiration and Experiences for Educatorsof Adults, with Ursel Biester, published in 2020.
* Conscious Lifestyle and the UN SDGs: forthcoming in the proceedings of the Gross National Happiness Conference, Bhutan, 2015.
* Learning for Change, with André Benaim: an iBook published in 2013.
* ESD Dialogues: A pedagogy for Sustainable Development, with Olena Pometun, published in Russian in 2012, in English in 2013.
* Drawing for Life: Comics as a Method for Education for Sustainable Development, with four co-authors, published in 5 languages, 2012.
* Learning to Live Sustainably (with Nadia McLaren and Olena Pometun) in Global Environmental Research, Yokohama, 2010.

### In Swedish

* Empowerment, a Handbook for the Swedish Trade Union Organization TCO, Bilda förlag, 2002.
* EkoTeam, a Workbook for Individuals and Households Wishing to Live More Sustainably, Bilda Förlag, 1996.
# Ghuluwal

Ghuluwal is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Ghuluwal. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is an elected representative.

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Ghuluwal has total number of 23 houses and population of 122 of which include 71 males and 51 females. Literacy rate of Ghuluwal is 83.04%, higher than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 10 which is 8.20% of total population of Ghuluwal, and child sex ratio is approximately 667, lower than state average of 846.

## Population data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 23 | - | - |
| Population | 122 | 71 | 51 |
| Child (0-6) | 10 | 6 | 4 |
| Schedule Caste | 71 | 42 | 29 |
| Schedule Tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literacy | 83.04 % | 86.15 % | 78.72 % |
| Total Workers | 40 | 40 | 0 |
| Main Worker | 40 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal Worker | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Air travel connectivity

The closest airport to the village is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.
# Maria Lanc

Maria Lanc (born Maria Jenewein; 1911 – 15 November 1995) was an Austrian humanitarian.
She lived in Gmünd, Lower Austria with her husband Arthur Lanc, a medical officer, in 1944. He and his wife owned the house number 35 in Kirchengasse.
In the early summer of 1944 a carriage of 1700 Hungarian Jews which were sheltered in a grain silo, arrived in Gmünd. Arthur and Maria Lanc decided to help the inmates of the camp by all available means to alleviate their suffering. They collected clothes, food, medicine and baby linen.
In the late autumn of 1944 an order was issued that in case that the frontline approaches the Jews should be transferred to a concentration camp in order to be killed. The date for the evacuation of the Jews was assigned for the end of March. Arthur Lanc hurried to the camp and decided to rescue three Jewish families - the family Fisch with three children aged five, four and one, the Yugoslavian nurse Piroska Blau and Georg Uhely, a lawyer from Ödenburg.
In the night these three families flew through a small backdoor of the grain silo. At first the fugitives were hidden at the place of forester Christ, afterwards they were housed and hidden in the house of Arthur and Maria Lanc - conscious that an act like this was under threat of death penalty.
On 16 December 1986 Maria Lanc and her husband Arthur Lanc were bestowed the medal of the Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem during a festive ceremony in Vienna.

## Literature

* Israel Gutman; Daniel Fraenkel; Jacob Borut (2005). Lexikon der Gerechten unter den Völkern: Deutsche und Österreicher. Wallstein Verlag. p. 324. ISBN 978-3-89244-900-3.
# Philippe Abraham Peticolas

Philippe Abraham Peticolas (1760 – 1841) was an early American artist known for his portraits and miniatures. He was born in Ardennes, France. His sons were also notable creatives of antebellum Virginia.
# Njan Piranna Nattil

Njan Piranna Nattil (transl. The land I was born in) is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language film directed and produced by P. Chandrakumar and written by P. M. Thaj. The film stars Mohanlal, Aruna, Raghavan and Bhagyalakshmi. The film has musical score by A. T. Ummer.

## Cast

* Mohanlal as Inspector Rajasekharan
* Aruna as Sudha
* Bhagyalakshmi
* M. G. Soman
* Saleema as Shailaja
* C. R. Saraswathi

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by A. T. Ummer with lyrics by Poovachal Khader.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| 1 | "Moham Pole Megham" | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra | Poovachal Khader | |
# Pseudocellus pearsei

Pseudocellus pearsei is an arachnid species in the order Ricinulei. It occurs in caves in Yucatan, Mexico.
# Bilcisha

Bilcisha is a populated area in the southwestern Gedo region of Somalia.
# List of highways numbered 691

The following highways are numbered 691:

## United States

* I-691
* PR-691
* FM 691
| Preceded by 690 | Lists of highways 691 | Succeeded by 692 |
# Perillus bioculatus

Perillus bioculatus, the two-spotted stink bug or double-eyed soldier bug, is a species of insect in the family Pentatomidae. They are native to North America but have been introduced to Eastern Europe and North India. Both the larval and adult stages are specialized predators of eggs and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). However, the first instar larvae feed by sucking the juices out of potato stems.

## Gallery

* Adult male Perillus bioculatus
# Marilyn McReavy

Marilyn Louise McReavy (October 24, 1944 – April 13, 2023) was an American volleyball player. She played for the United States national team at the 1967 Pan American Games, the 1968 Summer Olympics, and the 1971 Pan American Games. She was born in San Angelo, Texas.
McReavy died on April 13, 2023, at the age of 78.
# Giacomo Zani

Giacomo Zani (9 July 1932 – 17 June 2021) was an Italian conductor and musicologist.
# Maria Lanckorońska

Maria Lanckorońska (1737-1826), was a Polish noblewoman. She is foremost known for her political activity. She was a supporter and participant of the Bar Confederation (1768-1772) and an known opponent of king Stanislaw.
# Philip van Dijk

Philip van Dijk (10 January 1683 – 2 February 1753) was an 18th-century painter from the Dutch Republic.

## Biography

According to the RKD, he was a student of Arnold Boonen in Amsterdam, but became a student of Adriaen van der Werff in Rotterdam, where he married in 1708. Later the same year, he became a member of the Guild of St. Luke in Middelburg. In 1718 he became a member of the Confrerie Pictura, where he became a popular painter. Much later he returned to teach at the drawing academy and had various students, including Jan Augustini, Louis de Monie, and Hendrik Pothoven (1725–1807) from 1746. He left the Hague temporarily for 10 years in 1726, when he moved to Kassel to become court painter for William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel. In this capacity, he painted Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel and her family. In 1737 he returned to Middelburg to pay back-dues for the Guild there, and in 1750 he is registered as back to the Hague where he became court painter to Marie Louise's son William IV, Prince of Orange.

## Legacy

His family portrait paintings hang in many museums located in former residences of the Hesse-Cassel and Orange-Nassau families. His painting of a lute player was used centuries later as a model for the Dutch 100 guilder note.
# No Greater Love (novel)

No Greater Love is a novel by Danielle Steel. It tells a fictional story based on the true event of the sinking of the RMS Titanic. It is Steel's 28th novel.

## Plot summary

In 1912, after visiting her aunt and uncle in England, Edwina Winfield, her parents, younger siblings and her fiancé, Charles, travel back to the United States on the maiden voyage of the RMS Titanic. When the ship sinks, Edwina's fiancé and her parents die. After being rescued, Edwina and her siblings return to their home in San Francisco, where Edwina takes on the responsibility of raising her younger siblings. Some of her friends want Edwina to move on and find a new fiancé, and Ben, a family attorney, falls in love with her but Edwina doesn't want to marry, only raise her new family.
Edwina's father was the owner of a newspaper, and Edwina helps keep the newspaper running, expecting her oldest brother, Philip, to take over once he's finished his education at Harvard. However, Philip enlists in the army during World War I and dies in combat. A younger brother, George, tries to help but has no interest in the newspaper and eventually leaves for Hollywood, wanting to become a movie producer. Edwina sells the newspaper and also inherit money from the aunt in England. George finds success in Hollywood and the younger sister Alexis desperately wants to be a movie actress. She runs off with a much older man, to England. Edwina goes after her, stepping on a boat for the first time since the Titanic disaster more than a decade earlier. On the boat, she falls in love with a man who turns out to be a cousin of her fiancé Charles. They have a short love affair but he is (unhappily) married and can not divorce because he is a Catholic. When she returns to the US, Edwina realizes she is now over Charles and can move on with her life and that she is in love with Sam, George's father-in-law, a movie producer.

## Adaptations

The novel was the basis for a made-for-TV movie, No Greater Love (1996), starring Kelly Rutherford.

## Reception

Publishers Weekly called the novel "predictably sentimental."
# Lorrain Smith

Lorrain Smith may refer to:
* James Lorrain Smith (1862–1931), Scottish pathologist
* Annie Lorrain Smith (1854–1937), British lichenologist
# Bilcza

Bilcza refers to the following places in Poland:
* Bilcza, Kielce County
* Bilcza, Sandomierz County
# List of highways numbered 688

The following highways are numbered 688:

## Canada

* Highway 688

## United States

* SR 688
* LA 688
* MD 688 (former)
* PR-688
* FM 688
| Preceded by 687 | Lists of highways 688 | Succeeded by 689 |
# Livemiles

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Livemiles (later known as Live Miles) is the thirty-fourth major release and sixth live album by Tangerine Dream. It is the last album with Chris Franke. The first half of the album purports to be a recording of the June 8, 1986 concert in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, and the second half of the album from a concert in West Berlin on August 1, 1987, Germany. In reality none of the album was recorded live, instead all created in the studio, as contract filler for their label Jive Electro.

## Personnel

* Edgar Froese
* Chris Franke
* Paul Haslinger

## Sources

From its release, the venue and recording history behind Livemiles have been questioned. Careful analysis of the complete audience recording from the Albuquerque concert (including the soundchecks) reveals that none of the "Albuquerque Concert" on Livemiles originates from this show. Further, careful listening to other concert recordings from the 1986 American tour suggest that this material was likely recorded after the 1986 tour. Some of this material did feature in concerts played in 1988 after the departure of artist Chris Franke.
Jerome Froese “Okay let's explode a myth. Live Miles was a part of a fake 'live' release and a compromise to get out of the contract with Jive Electro because they had the option for another TD studio album. Quite touch-and-go, cause EF did sign up with Private Music for Optical Race. Pre-concert announcements came from a Bolivian friend of Edgar and an American girl who worked in our office”
# Biathlon at the 2006 Winter Paralympics – Women's 7.5km

Women's 7.5 km biathlon events at the 2006 Winter Paralympics were contested at Pragelato on 14 March.
There were 3 events. Standings were decided by applying a disability factor to the actual times achieved; for each missed shot the competitors had to execute one 150m penalty loop, which was included in the real time.

## Visually impaired

The visually impaired event was won by Verena Bentele, representing Germany.
| Rank | Name | Country | Real Time | Factor | Misses | Finish Time |
| | Verena Bentele | Germany | 31:54.9 | 85 | 5 | 27:07.6 |
| | Miyuki Kobayashi | Japan | 32:19.2 | 85 | 2 | 27:28.3 |
| | Elvira Ibraginova | Russia | 28:28.2 | 100 | 3 | 28:28.2 |
| 4 | Tetyana Smyrnova | Ukraine | 29:03.8 | 100 | 2 | 29:03.8 |
| 5 | Anne-Mette Bredahl | Denmark | 34:34.2 | 85 | 3 | 29:23.0 |
| 6 | Zemfira Galeeva | Russia | 29:37.3 | 100 | 3 | 29:37.3 |
| 7 | Emilie Tabouret | France | 35:35.2 | 85 | 5 | 30:14.9 |
| 8 | Nathalie Morin | France | 30:40.9 | 100 | 3 | 30:40.9 |

## Sitting

The sitting event was won by Olena Iurkovska, representing Ukraine.
| Rank | Name | Country | Real Time | Factor | Misses | Finish Time |
| | Olena Iurkovska | Ukraine | 28:03.4 | 100 | 0 | 28:03.4 |
| | Svitlana Tryfonova | Ukraine | 32:28.4 | 94 | 0 | 30:31.5 |
| | Lyudmyla Pavlenko | Ukraine | 33:14.5 | 98 | 4 | 32:34.6 |
| 4 | Shauna Maria Whyte | Canada | 33:28.8 | 98 | 1 | 32:48.6 |
| 5 | Irina Polyakova | Russia | 32:50.9 | 100 | 4 | 32:50.9 |
| 6 | Monica Bascio | United States | 36:46.7 | 94 | 4 | 34:34.3 |

## Standing

The standing event was won by Alena Gorbunova, representing Russia.
| Rank | Name | Country | Real Time | Factor | Misses | Finish Time |
| | Alena Gorbunova | Russia | 26:42.2 | 97 | 1 | 25:54.2 |
| | Anna Burmistrova | Russia | 27:29.0 | 97 | 3 | 26:39.5 |
| | Anne Floriet | France | 29:18.8 | 91 | 1 | 26:40.5 |
| 4 | Katarzyna Rogowiec | Poland | 31:37.1 | 87 | 5 | 27:30.4 |
| 5 | Maija Loeytynoja | Finland | 28:44.7 | 97 | 1 | 27:53.0 |
| 6 | Shoko Ota | Japan | 29:18.2 | 97 | 1 | 28:25.4 |
| 7 | Kelly Underkofler | United States | 29:42.3 | 97 | 2 | 28:48.9 |
| 8 | Pamela Novaglio | Italy | 30:36.4 | 96 | 2 | 29:22.9 |
| 9 | Iuliia Batenkova | Ukraine | 31:07.1 | 96 | 5 | 29:52.4 |
| 10 | Iryna Kyrychenko | Ukraine | 36:45.0 | 84 | 3 | 30:52.2 |
| 11 | Anna Szarota | Poland | 34:47.6 | 96 | 7 | 33:24.1 |
| 12 | Stina Sellin | Sweden | 34:27.0 | 97 | 7 | 33:25.0 |
| 13 | Grazyna Gron | Poland | 34:34.7 | 97 | 8 | 33:32.4 |
| 14 | Momoko Dekijima | Japan | 35:03.4 | 96 | 6 | 33:39.2 |
| | Larysa Varona | Belarus | DNF | | | |
| | Chiara Devittori | Switzerland | DNS | | | |
# Mariano Arrate

José Mariano Arrate Esnaola (12 August 1892 – 24 December 1963) was a Spanish football (soccer) player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Spanish team which won the silver medal in the football tournament.
He was born and died in San Sebastián, and worked as a crane driver in the city's docks. He played for Luchana from 1908 to 1909, San Sebastián (later Real Sociedad B) from 1909 to 1911, and Real Sociedad from 1911 to 1924. He featured on the losing side in the 1913 UECF Copa del Rey Final (lost to FC Barcelona after two replays) and played alongside two younger brothers, Amador and José Miguel, in both legs of a 1919 Copa del Rey quarter-final loss to the same opposition.
In addition to six official caps for Spain between 1920 and 1923, Arrate also took part in the national team's first unofficial game in 1913, a 1–1 draw with France.
# Putzeysia

Putzeysia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Eucyclidae,

## Species

Species within the genus Putzeysia include:
* Putzeysia cillisi Segers, Swinnen & De Prins, 2009
* Putzeysia franziskae Engl & Rolán, 2009
* Putzeysia juttae Engl & Rolán, 2009
* Putzeysia rickyi Reitano & Scuderi, 2021
* Putzeysia wiseri (Calcara, 1842)