OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Viola adunca

Viola adunca is a species of violet known by the common names hookedspur violet, early blue violet, sand violet, and western dog violet. It is native to meadows and forests of western North America, Canada, and the northern contiguous United States.

## Description

This is a hairy, compact plant growing from a small rhizome system. The leaves are spade- or heart-shaped, sometimes with broadly wavy margins. They are generally 0.5 to 4 centimeters long. The single-flowered inflorescence grows at the end of a very thin peduncle reaching about 7.5 cm (3 in) high. The nodding flower is a violet about 1.5 cm (1⁄2 in) long, with five purple petals. The lower three petals have white bases and purple veining. The two side petals are white-bearded near the throat. The upper two petals may have hooked spurs at their tips. It is a perennial blooming in late spring.
There are several varieties of V. adunca; a white-petaled form has been noted in Yosemite National Park.
It has also been observed in Southern Ontario in tall grass prairies on the sand plain and in black oak savannas.

## Ecology

Viola adunca is the larval host plant of Myrtle's silverspot. Bees and other insects pollinate it. Polites mardon uses it as a nectar source, and birds and mice use the seed as a food source.

## Conservation status in the United States

The species is listed as endangered in Massachusetts and in Connecticut.

## Uses

The leaves and flowers are edible, and can be eaten in salads, as potherbs, or brewed as tea. These plant parts are high in vitamins A and C. However, the rhizomes, fruit, and seeds are poisonous to humans and can cause upset stomach, intestinal problems, respiratory and circulatory depression.

### Native American ethnobotany

The Blackfoot apply an infusion of the roots and leaves to sore and swollen joints, give an infusion of the leaves and roots to asthmatic children, and use the plant to dye their arrows blue. The Dakelh take a decoction of the entire plant for stomach pain, the Klallam apply a poultice of smashed flowers to the chest or side for pain, the Makah chew the roots and leaves while giving birth, and the Tolowa apply a poultice of chewed leaves to sore eyes.
# Life course research

Life course research is an interdisciplinary field in the social and behavioral sciences. Developed during the 1960s, it aims to study human development over the entire life span. As such, it brings together aspects of human development that had previously only been studied separately. In the 1970s, scholars first started to commonly refer to their field as "life course research". The field includes research conceptualizing the life course as one of many different concepts, including developmental processes, cultural constructs, and demographic accounts.
# Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering complementary and alternative medical interventions. It was established in 1995 as Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, obtaining its current name in 2005. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Denise Rankin-Box (Management of Change Initiatives). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.701.
# Eli Jenkins (American football)

Eli Jenkins (born August 7, 1994) is a former American football quarterback.

## Early life

Jenkins attended A. H. Parker High School in Birmingham, Alabama. He committed to play college football at Jacksonville State University.

## College career

After redshirting as a freshman in 2012, Jenkins became the starting quarterback for the Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team, a position that he would remain in for the next four years. Jenkins led the Gamecocks to four consecutive FCS playoff appearances from 2013 to 2016, three consecutive Ohio Valley Conference championships from 2014 to 2016, and an appearance in the 2015 FCS Championship Game against North Dakota State.

## Professional career

Following the 2017 NFL draft, Jenkins signed as an undrafted free agent with the Los Angeles Chargers. Following the Chargers' trade with the Buffalo Bills to acquire Cardale Jones, Jenkins was released by the Chargers. He signed with the Edmonton Eskimos on December 11, 2017.
In 2018, Jenkins signed for the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football (AAF). However, he was not selected in the 2019 AAF QB Draft.
# Mine Hill (New Hampshire)

Mine Hill is a hill in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, on the eastern side of Lake Massabesic.
The summit has an elevation of 585 feet (178 m) above sea level, making it one of the two highest points in the town of Auburn. The other is Mount Miner, which has an elevation of 582 feet (177 m). Mine Hill was the site of a wooden fire lookout tower between 1940 and 1989, maintained and operated by the Manchester Water Works, who own the western side of the hill. It is also the site of Devil's Den, an 80 ft (24 m) long cave, with a 5 ft (1.5 m) high and 2.5 ft (0.76 m) wide entrance, which extends into the hill, in a northern direction. The cave is a source of tremolite.
# Minnan

Minnan or Banlam may refer to:
* Minnan region, or southern Fujian
* Southern Min, a variety of Chinese
* Hokkien people in the narrow definition
* Hokkien and Teochew people in the loose definition

## People

* Denzil Minnan-Wong
* Hsieh Min-Nan
# Pristine apple

Pristine apple is a hybrid cultivar of 'Co Op 10' x 'Camuzat' domesticated apples, which are descendants of the 'McIntosh' apple and the 'Starking Delicious'. This cultivar was developed and patented in the United States by the PRI disease resistant apple breeding program, in Indiana, United States in 1994, for its resistance to apple scab. It is susceptible to cedar-apple rust.

## Description & use

Tree has a biennial tendency, is diploid, with average vigor. Flowering at mid-late season. Like other domesticated apples, it is self-sterile and needs cross pollination.
Gives a good crop of medium-sized yellow skinned fruits, sometimes with red flush. Flesh colour is also yellowish. Very good flavor for fresh eating.
'Pristine' is harvested at early season and is considered of very good flavor for an early harvest apple. The flavour is somewhat tart. It does not keep fresh very long.

## Resistance

* Scab - Very resistant
* Mildew - Some resistance
* Fireblight - Some susceptibility
* Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility
# Pristine Smut

Pristine Smut is an album released by American alternative pop band the Murmurs; it was released on June 24, 1997, by MCA. The album was produced by Larry Klein and k.d. lang and all tracks on the album were written by The Murmurs members Heather Grody and Leisha Hailey. The track "Squeezebox Days" featured on the soundtrack to the 1997 film All Over Me.

## Recording

The album's co-producer k.d. lang had started dating band member Leisha Hailey in 1996, a year before the album was recorded. In a 2000 interview, Lang reflected "We [didn't] want to get involved in each other's art [...] My producing of the Murmurs was just to help them out because I had a studio and they needed tracks done. And it was fun for me because I always wanted to produce a girl group like that." Its working title was The Ballad of Pristine Smut.
The track "Sleepless Commotion" was written by Heather Grody, about the murder of her mother, who was killed by her husband in 1993.

## Release and reception

The album was poorly promoted by the band's label, MCA Records, who were going through staff changes at the time.
In a review for Allmusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave Pristine Smut a star rating of four out of five. He noted that the album had a rhythm section added to the "folk pop" of its predecessor, 1994's Murmurs. He praised producers Klein and Lang for steering the band towards "adult alternative rock" but said that the sound was "clean and pristine ... shined and polished and now ready for radio". He said, however, that the songs on Pristine Smut were stronger than those of the previous album.
Robert Christgau gave the album an A− rating and praised it as an improvement on their previous album. He said of Pristine Smut, "not since Liz Phair's "Flower", Janet's "Throb", and Madonna's Erotica has pop softcore attended so sweetly to the erogenous zones." In a review for The Advocate, Barry Walters also noted the "rockin' rhythm section" of the second album. He described the tracks produced by Lang as "punk[y]" and "Nirvana-esque" and the ones produced by Klein as "like Suzanne Vega before dance beats discovered her".
It was nominated for an award for Album of the Year at the Gay & Lesbian American Music Awards in 1998.

## Track listing

* "Big Talker"
* "I'm a Mess"
* "Toy"
* "Underdog"
* "About Nothin'"
* "Genius"
* "Squeeze Box Days"
* "Don't Lie"
* "Sucker Upper"
* "Country Song"
* "Sleepless Commotion"
# Prospero Rebiba

Prospero Rebiba (died 1593) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Patriarch of Constantinople (1573–1593) and Bishop of Troia (1560–1593).

## Biography

On 4 Sep 1560, Prospero Rebiba was appointed Bishop of Troia by Pope Gregory XIII, upon the resignation of his uncle and predecessor, Cardinal Scipione Rebiba.
On 26 Aug 1573, he was also appointed Titular Patriarch of Constantinople by Pope Clement VIII, in succession to his uncle, Cardinal Rebiba, who resigned in his favor.
In 1592 he was appointed as Bishop of Catania, but he died before taking canonical possession of the diocese. He served as Bishop of Troia and Titular Patriarch of Constantinople until his death in 1593.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:
* Pietro Giacomo Malombra, Bishop of Cariati e Cerenzia (1568);
* Ludovico de Torres (archbishop), Archbishop of Monreale (1573); and
* Enrico Cini, Bishop of Alife (1586).
# Concept image and concept definition

In mathematics education, concept image and concept definition are two ways of understanding a mathematical concept.
The terms were introduced by Tall & Vinner (1981). They define a concept image as such:
    "We shall use the term concept image to describe the total cognitive structure that is associated with the concept, which includes all the mental pictures and associated properties and processes. It is built up over the years through experiences of all kinds, changing as the individual meets new stimuli and matures."
A concept definition is similar to the usual notion of a definition in mathematics, with the distinction that it is personal to an individual:
    "a personal concept definition can differ from a formal concept definition, the latter being a concept definition which is accepted by the mathematical community at large."
# 1899 South Carolina Gamecocks football team

The 1899 South Carolina Jaguars football team represented South Carolina College—now known as the University of South Carolina–as an independent during the 1899 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Irving O. Hunt, South Carolina compiled a record of 2–3.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 14 | | Columbia Y | South Carolina College athletic fieldColumbia, SC | W 4–0 |
| November 9 | 11:00 a.m. | Clemson | Columbia, SC (Big Thursday) | L 0–34 |
| November 15 | 4:12 p.m. | Bingham | Columbia, SC | W 11–5 |
| November 22 | | at Bingham | French Broad gridironAsheville, NC | L 6–18 |
| November 30 | 3:45 p.m. | vs. Davidson | Latta Park Baseball FieldCharlotte, NC | L 0–5 |
| All times are in Eastern time ||||||
# NDPCP

5'-guanosyl-methylene-triphosphate (GDPCP) and 5'-adenosyl-methylene-triphosphate (ADPCP) are analogues of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), which store chemical energy from metabolism in the cell. Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) such as ATP and GTP yields energy, inorganic phosphate (P$_i$ or PP$_i$), and either NDP or NMP. GDPCP and ADPCP are not subject to hydrolysis under the same conditions as NTPs; it is this property which makes them useful in experiments in biochemistry and molecular biology.
NTPs can be hydrolyzed at the phosphodiester bonds between phosphates, releasing energy and one or more of the three phosphate groups. Additionally, NTPs are inextricable components of some proteins, where their role may be structural and need not involve hydrolysis. In some cases, the presence of an NTP may be required for association of one protein with another, while hydrolysis is necessary for dissociation. GDPCP and ADPCP could be used in such a case, since association can still occur, but hydrolysis-dependent dissociation cannot.
GDPCP was used to examine the prokaryotic elongation factor EF-Tu. EF-Tu is required for the elongation phase of protein synthesis (translation). EF-Tu requires GTP in order for the ribosome to bind it, necessary for recruiting an aminoacyl-tRNA. The later dissociation of EF-Tu from the ribosome, however, requires that the GTP first be hydrolyzed to GDP and P$_i$. GDPCP was used in place of GTP to differentiate between these two steps: the elongation factor could associate, but without hydrolysis, it was effectively stuck.
# Complete economic integration

Complete economic integration is the final stage of economic integration. After complete economic integration, the integrated units have no or negligible control of economic policy, including full monetary union and complete or near-complete fiscal policy harmonisation.
Complete economic integration is most common within countries, rather than within supranational institutions. An example of this are the original thirteen colonies of the United States of America, which can be viewed as a series of highly integrated quasi-autonomous nation states. In this example it is true that complete economic integration results in a federalist system of governance as it requires political union to function as, in effect, a single economy.

## Complete economic integration

Complete economic integration is required because for an economic union to be most effective it is necessary for all provinces to be at the same stage of the economic cycle. Although provinces is a narrow description as within a specific geographic area there is a much greater amount of mini-economies, all in different stages of the economic cycle; it is in theory possible for a single town to be in recession/boom whilst another is experiencing the opposite. In a practical sense it is best for as many of these economic microcosms to be at the same stage of the economic cycle as possible as it results in government policy having its effectiveness maximized, whether it be through the employment of fiscal or monetary policy.
To achieve economic harmonization requires increasing central control to pursue an economic area wide policy of inflation competence and stability promotion. Though this is often viewed as a loss of provincial political sovereignty it is necessary to remove disparities and thus unfair advantages with certain firms across the economic area to provide the best conditions possible for the promotion of competition and therefore economic efficiency.
# Wusan

Wusan is a village in Badakhshan Province in north-eastern Afghanistan.
# Mont (surname)

Mont is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Christopher Mont, 16th-century English diplomat
* Fiona Mont (born 1970), British fugitive wanted for questioning about computer fraud
* Mia Mont (born 1989), Peruvian singer-songwriter
* Tommy Mont (1922–2012), American educator, university administrator, college football coach, and National Football League quarterback
# Coat of arms of Sermersooq

The coat of arms of Sermersooq is the municipal logo and only symbol of Sermersooq, a Municipality of Greenland. The coat of arms was adopted in 2008, a year before Sermersooq became a subdivision of Greenland.

## Symbolism

The arms show an inuksuk (rock stack or cairn) in dark blue against a golden sun on a light blue field, standing on a white line representing an icesheet over stylized waves of blue and white. The inuksuk is an historical way of marking the roads in Greenland. The ice sheet covers most of Greenland, and the waves are for the water beneath it.
The arms are often depicted with a white background instead of a light blue one, as on the Sermersooq municipal website Archived 2018-03-10 at the Wayback Machine.
# Dirocoremia

Dirocoremia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Dirocoremia bruchi (Gounelle, 1905)
* Dirocoremia ingae (Marques, 1994)
* Dirocoremia simplicipes (Gounelle, 1911)
# Zorro (name)

Zorro is a given name and surname. Zorro is Spanish for 'fox'. Zorro is the name of a fictional character created in 1919 by Johnston McCulley, typically portrayed as a dashing masked vigilante.
Notable people with the name include:

## Surname

* João Zorro, 13th-century Portuguese troubadour
* Gonzalo García Zorro, 16th-century Spanish conquistador

## Given name

* Zorro David (1923–2008), Filipino actor
* Zorro Aguilar (1942–1984), Filipino human rights lawyer

## Nickname

* Zoilo Versalles (1939–1995), Cuban Major League Baseball player nicknamed "Zorro"
* Fernando Villares (1955–2017), Mexican singer and politician known as "Zorro"
# Zorro (1985 video game)

Zorro is a puzzle-platform game written by James Garon and published by Datasoft in 1985. Versions were released for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, and Amstrad CPC. A ZX Spectrum port was published in 1986 by U.S. Gold.

## Gameplay

The player's task is, as the title character, to get to the heavily guarded fort and free his beloved from the clutches of the evil Sergeant Garcia. The gameplay is very similar to that of another Datasoft platformer - Bruce Lee. However, Zorro has a slower pace and more puzzles. These mainly involve collecting items from a specific room in the city, then carrying them and using them in the appropriate place (such as heating up a branding iron in a fireplace and using it on a bull). The game features 20 different locations, including catacombs under the city, an underground lake, and The Ole Hotel.

## Reception

Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| Zzap! | 78% |
Zorro received mixed reviews. In 1986, Julian Rignall wrote in Zzap!, "If you like this sort of game then you could well be pleased with this, but if you like your action a little faster and hotter then you might find yourself bored playing Zorro." The game was also reviewed in Computer and Video Games: "Graphically this rather standard platform game is not over impressive."
# Aguiar, Paraíba

Aguiar, Paraíba is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
# Distigmoptera impennata

Distigmoptera impennata is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Zsolt Kézdi-Kovács

Zsolt Kézdi-Kovács (1 June 1936 – 7 September 2014) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter. He directed 19 films between 1961 and 2004. His film Forbidden Relations was entered into competition at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival.

## Selected filmography

* Story of a Coward (Short 1966)
* Temperate Zone (Mérsékelt Égöv) (1970)
* Romanticism (1972)
* A locsolókocsi (1973)
* When Joseph Returns (1976)
* A Nice Neighbor (1979)
* A remény joga (1982)
* Forbidden Relations (1983)
* Rejtőzködő (1986)
* Kiáltás és kiáltás (1988)
* És mégis (1991)
* Az a nap a mienk (Documentary 2002)
# Zoubiria

Zoubiria is a town and commune in Médéa Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census, it has a population of 15,009.
# Zouch Tate

Zouch Tate (1606–1650) was an English Member of Parliament.

## Life

He was the son of Sir William Tate and Elizabeth, daughter of Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, and nephew of Francis Tate. He matriculated on 26 October 1621 at Trinity College, Oxford, and entered the Middle Temple in 1625.
Tate represented Northampton in the Long Parliament, and swore the Solemn League and Covenant. In November 1644, he was appointed chairman of a committee to investigate Cromwell's accusations against the army, and on 9 December 1644 he moved the Self-denying Ordinance in the House of Commons, proposing that no member of the Lords or Commons should hold any military or naval command.
A speech delivered on 30 July 1645 was printed in Observations on the King and Queen's Cabinet of Letters, 1645. Although not one of those members excluded by Pride's Purge in December 1648, he is not recorded as having sat afterwards. He died in 1650.
# Disenchantment Bay

Disenchantment Bay extends southwest for 16 km (9.9 mi) from the mouth of Russell Fiord to Point Latouche, at the head of Yakutat Bay in Alaska.
Named "Puerto del Desengano", Spanish for "bay of disenchantment", by Alessandro Malaspina in 1792, upon finding that the bay was not the entrance to the legendary Northwest Passage. He sailed up the bay as far as Haenke Island, before discovering the passage blocked by ice.
During the earthquake of September 10, 1899, parts of Disenchantment Bay were raised 47 feet 4 inches (14.43 metres). This is the greatest recorded vertical displacement by an earthquake.
# Disengage (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Disengage is the fourth studio album by American industrial rock band Circle of Dust, released in 1998, two years after the band was put on hiatus. This is their final piece of material before resurfacing in 2016.

## History

Klayton began to work on the album soon after a brief departure from Angeldust, a music/magic project he and Criss Angel collaborated on together. After Circle of Dust's contract with R.E.X. expired, Klayton took the project to Flying Tart Records. Seven remixes for "Chasm" and "Refractor" were produced. Klayton intended to release the remixes on a single separate CD entitled Circle of Dust – Refractor/Chasm Remixes; however, this attempt was shot down by the label and were instead inserted into the album. After completing Disengage and disbanding Circle of Dust, Klayton went on to work on his next project, Celldweller.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Klay Scott
# Rohoznice (Pardubice District)

Rohoznice is a municipality and village in Pardubice District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
# 1948 Southern Jaguars football team

The 1948 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1948 college football season. In their 13th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 12–0 record, won the SWAC championship, shut out eight of 12 opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 395 to 33. The team played its home games at University Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The team was recognized as the black college national champion.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | at Texas State* | Buffalo StadiumHouston, TX | W 38–0 | 3,000 |
| October 2 | Grambling* | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA (rivalry) | W 18–0 | 11,000 |
| October 9 | Samuel Huston | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | W 41–0 | |
| October 16 | at Arkansas AM&N | Pine Bluff, AR | W 27–6 | |
| October 23 | Langston | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | W 46–0 | |
| October 30 | at Texas College | Tyler, TX | W 15–3 | |
| November 6 | Bishop | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | W 45–0 | |
| November 13 | at Wiley | Marshall, TX | W 19–0 | |
| November 20 | Florida A&M* | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | W 37–12 | |
| November 27 | at Prairie View A&M | Prairie View, TX | W 19–0 | |
| December 4 | Xavier (LA)* | University StadiumBaton Rouge, LA | W 60–12 | |
| December 5 | vs. San Francisco State* | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco, CA (Fruit Bowl) | W 30–0 | 5,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||