# Denmark (horse)

Denmark (foaled 1839) was Thoroughbred stallion who became a major foundation sire of the American Saddlebred horse breed. Over 60% of all the horses in the first three volumes of the Saddlebred studbook trace back to him. Denmark sired the stallion Gaines' Denmark, an influential sire of the breed, out of the "Stevenson mare" (b. 1848), a part-bred mare by Cockspur - a descendant of Janus (x2, Godolphin Arabian line) and Sir Archy (Byerley Turk line) - out of a Canadian Horse dam.

## Life

Denmark was a brown Thoroughbred stallion foaled in Kentucky in 1839, sired by an imported Thoroughbred named Hedgeford, of the Byerley Turk sire line. He sired the stallion Gaines' Denmark, who became an influential sire. Denmark was used as a cavalry horse in the American Civil War.

## Influence

When the National Saddle Horse Breeders' Association, precursor to the American Saddlebred Horse Association, was founded in 1891, Denmark was named as one of 17 foundation sires. 60% of the horses in the first three volumes of the registry traced to him. In 1908, the directors of the National Saddle Horse Breeders' Association voted to make Denmark the sole foundation sire, although Harrison Chief was included as an additional foundation sire for the breed in 1991. For over 150 years, the Denmark bloodline was the best-known within the Saddlebred breed, and Saddlebreds were sometimes referred to as "Denmarks".

## Sire line tree

* Denmark
** Gaines' Denmark
*** Washington Denmark
**** King William
***** Black Eagle
**** Cromwell
***** Washington
**** Jewel Denmark
***** Beau Brummel of Kenmore
*** Star Denmark
*** Diamond Denmark
**** Montrose
***** Moss Rose
***** King Lee Rose
*** Lail's Denmark Chief
**** Crigler's Denmark
***** Rex Denmark
*** Sumpter Denmark
** Muir's Denmark
** Rob Roy

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Denmark, brown stallion, 1839 :
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Filho da Puta (GB) br. 1812 | Haphazard 1797 | Sir Peter Teazle^ |
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Filho da Puta (GB) br. 1812 | Haphazard 1797 | Miss Hervey |
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Filho da Puta (GB) br. 1812 | Mrs Barnet 1806 | Waxy |
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Filho da Puta (GB) br. 1812 | Mrs Barnet 1806 | Woodpecker mare |
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Miss Craigie (GB) b. 1811 | Orville 1799 | Beningbrough |
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Miss Craigie (GB) b. 1811 | Orville 1799 | Evelina |
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Miss Craigie (GB) b. 1811 | Marchioness 1797 | Lurcher |
| Sire Hedgeford (GB) br. 1825 | Miss Craigie (GB) b. 1811 | Marchioness 1797 | Miss Cogden |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Aratus (USA) b. 1820 | Director 1811 | Sir Archy^ |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Aratus (USA) b. 1820 | Director 1811 | Meretrix |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Aratus (USA) b. 1820 | Betsy Haxall 18?? | Sir Harry^ |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Aratus (USA) b. 1820 | Betsy Haxall 18?? | Saltram mare* |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Jenny Cockracy (USA) ch. 1813 | Potomac 1803 | Diomed^ |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Jenny Cockracy (USA) ch. 1813 | Potomac 1803 | Fairy |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Jenny Cockracy (USA) ch. 1813 | Saltram mare* 1799 | Saltram |
| Dam Betsy Harrison (USA) b. 1828 | Jenny Cockracy (USA) ch. 1813 | Saltram mare* 1799 | Wildair mare |
Note: b. = Bay, br. = Brown, ch. = Chestnut
* Denmark is inbred 4D x 3D to the mare Saltram mare, meaning that she appears fourth and third generation on the dam side of his pedigree.
^ Denmark is inbred 4S x 5D to the stallion Sir Peter Teazle, meaning that he appears fourth generation on the sire side of his pedigree and fifth generation (via Sir Harry) on the dam side of his pedigree.
^ Denmark is inbred 5D x 4D to the stallion Diomed, meaning that he appears fifth generation (via Sir Archy) and fourth generation on the dam side of his pedigree.