OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SCCmec

SCCmec, or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species. This genetic sequence includes the mecA gene coding for resistance to the antibiotic methicillin and is the only known way for Staphylococcus strains to spread the gene in the wild by horizontal gene transfer. SCCmec is a 21 to 60 kb long genetic element that confers broad-spectrum β-lactam resistance to MRSA. Moreover, additional genetic elements like Tn554, pT181, and pUB110 can be found in SCCmec, which have the capability to render resistance to various non-β-lactam drugs.

## Classification

Not all SCCmec elements are identical (in fact, SCC elements without the mecA gene do exist.) As of December 2021, SCCmec elements have been classified into fourteen types (I through XIV). One region is the mec complex including the mecA gene. The other is the ccr gene complex including genes coding for recombinases.
The mec complex is divided further into five types (I through V) based on the arrangement of regulatory genetic features such as mecR1, an inducer. The mec gene complex in SCCmec, comprising mec gene, its regulators (mecR1, mecI), and insertion sequences (IS), is categorized into five classes (A to E). Class A includes mecA, full mecR1, mecI, and IS431. Class B has IS1272, mecA, partial mecR1, and IS431. Class C, with two versions (C1, C2), contains mecA, partial mecR1, IS431, differing in IS431 orientation. Class D includes IS431, mecA, partial mecR1; Class E consists of blaZ, mecC, mecR1, mecI.
The ccr and mec gene complexes in SCCmec are connected by joining (J) regions, considered non-essential but capable of carrying extra antimicrobial resistance determinants. These are categorized as J1, J2, and J3, based on their SCCmec positions. J1, also known as the L-C region, lies between the right chromosomal junction and upstream of the ccr gene. J2, previously the C-M region, is situated between the ccr and mec gene complexes. J3 (formerly the I-R region) is found downstream of the mec gene complex, extending to the left chromosomal junction.

## Distribution

The SCCmec found in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus likely originated in coagulase-negative staphylococcal species and was acquired by S. aureus.
Staphylococcal strains isolated from pig farms were found to carry several different types of SCCmec, suggesting that they may serve as a reservoir of these elements.
# Kratovo

Kratovo may refer to:
* Kratovo, North Macedonia, a town in North Macedonia
* Kratovo Municipality, a municipality in North Macedonia
* Kratovo (Priboj), a village in the municipality of Priboj, Serbia
* Kratovo, Russia, an urban locality (a suburban (dacha) settlement) in Moscow Oblast, Russia
# Franco, Virginia

Franco is an unincorporated community in Wise County, Virginia, United States.
# Nicodemus West

Nicodemus West is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in The Oath #1 in 2006, as the surgeon who operated on Stephen Strange's hands following his car accident.
Michael Stuhlbarg portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Doctor Strange (2016) and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022).

## Publication history

The character was created by Brian K. Vaughan and Marcos Martin and appears in the limited series Doctor Strange: The Oath.

## Fictional character biography

Nicodemus West was born with heterochromia and spent most of his life studying and practicing medicine and surgery. He was long time admirer of Dr. Stephen Strange, and proudly accepted the opportunity to perform surgery on his idol's hands after his fateful accident. Unfortunately, West was unable to repair the nerves in Strange's hands.
He followed Strange to Kamar-Taj, where he too began training under the Ancient One. Feeling that he could heal people around the world with his new abilities, West leaves his training early, but due to his inexperience accidentally kills a cancer patient. He ends up joining Timely Pharmaceuticals as its C.E.O. under the condition he never use magic.
He eventually reveals himself to Strange when he steals a special elixir that would threaten Timely Pharmaceuticals' business. They fight using their sorcery, but West is easily defeated by Strange. West dies when he temporarily becomes powerless and falls off the Pharmaceuticals building.

## In other media

Nicodemus "Nic" West appears in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe films Doctor Strange and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), portrayed by Michael Stuhlbarg. This version is a rival surgeon to Dr. Stephen Strange who serves as a comedic foil with no sinister intentions.
# Röthlein

Röthlein is a municipality in the district of Schweinfurt in Bavaria, Germany. The village is located south of Schweinfurt, close to the Main valley. The quarters are Röthlein, Heidenfeld and Hirschfeld.
# Kosan

Kosan may be:
* Kosan County, a county in Kangwon Province, North Korea
* Kosan Biosciences, American pharmaceuticals company
* Ube Kosan Open, golf tournament played at the Ube 72 Country Club, Yamaguchi, Japan
People with the surname Kosan include:
* Anja Kosan (born 2002), German rhythmic gymnast
* Ismail Kosan [de] (born 1948), German Politician
# Kravay Jaqeli

Kravay Jaqeli (Georgian: კრავაჲ ჯაყელი) was a Georgian noble and a leading "aznauri" of the Jaqeli family, Botso's possible sister, Kravay, was married to the nobleman Samdzivari and was responsible for negotiating the surrender of Qutlu Arslan's rebellious party to Queen Tamar.
# Kravchenko

Kravchenko, also Krawchenko, Krawczenko or Kravtchenko (Сyrillic: Кравченко) is a common Ukrainian surname, widely found in the former Soviet Union and respective diasporas abroad. It is an occupational surname of patronymic derivation, based on the occupation of kravets (кравець), or 'tailor' and literally meaning "child of tailor". Other Ukrainian surnames of similar derivation are Kravchuk and Kravets.
It may refer to the following people:
* Aleksei Ilyich Kravchenko (1889–1940), Russian painter, illustrator, draughtsman and printmaker
* Aleksei Yevgenyevich Kravchenko (born 1969), Soviet and Russian actor
* Aleksei Igorevich Kravchenko (* 1986), Russian diver, took part in Diving at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform
* Alex Kravchenko (born 1971), Russian professional poker player
* Alexander Kravchenko, several persons
* Andrei Kravchenko (disambiguation), several persons
* Anzhela Kravchenko (born 1971), Ukrainian sprinter
* Dmytro Kravchenko (born 1995), Ukrainian football player
* Fyodor Iosifovich Kravchenko (1912–1988), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Grigory Kravchenko (1912–1943), Soviet aircraft pilot and twice Hero of the Soviet Union
* Ivan Khotovich Kravchenko (1921–1945), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Ivan Yakovlevich Kravchenko (1905–1942), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Kostyantyn Kravchenko (born 1986), Ukrainian football player
* Marina Kravchenko (born 1975), Israeli table tennis player
* Mykhailo Kravchenko (1858–1917), Kobzar from Poltava
* Mykola Kravchenko (1983–2022), Ukrainian public and political figure
* Mykyta Kravchenko (born 1997), Ukrainian football player
* Nikolai Grigoryevich Kravchenko (born 1923), Soviet soldier and Full Cavalier of the Order of Glory
* Nicolai Ivanovich Kravchenko (1867-1941), Russian battle painter, journalist and writer
* Nikolai Vasilyevich Kravchenko (born 1952), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Serhiy Kravchenko (born 1983), Ukrainian football player
* Serhiy Kravchenko (born 1990), Ukrainian football player
* Valentina Kravchenko (1917–2000), squadron navigator during World War II and Hero of the Russian Federation
* Valeri Kravchenko (1939–1995), Soviet volleyball player
* Vasili Kravchenko (1923–1944), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
* Victor Kravchenko (defector) (1905–1966), Soviet defector
* Viktor Kravchenko (athlete) (born 1941), Soviet triple jumper
* Volodymyr Kravchenko (born 1969), Ukrainian triple jumper
* Yuriy Kravchenko (1951–2005), Ukrainian police officer and statesman
# Kravarsko

Kravarsko is a municipality in Croatia in the Zagreb County.
In the 2011 census, there were 1,987 inhabitants, in the following settlements:
* Barbarići Kravarski, population 202
* Čakanec, population 68
* Donji Hruševec, population 332
* Gladovec Kravarski, population 199
* Gornji Hruševec, population 240
* Kravarsko, population 557
* Novo Brdo, population 77
* Podvornica, population 115
* Pustike, population 158
* Žitkovčica, population 39
In the same census, an absolute majority of population were Croats.
# Frank Saunders (footballer)

Frank Etheridge Saunders (26 August 1864 – 14 May 1905) was an English international footballer, who played as a centre half.

## Career

Born in Brighton, Saunders played for Swifts, and earned one cap for England in 1888. He also played numerous times for Gloucester City.
# Frank J. Ruocco

Frank J. Ruocco was fifth director of National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC) from February 1988 to February 1991.

## Career

Frank J. Ruocco graduated from St. Peter's College in 1962 and spent three years as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy. He attended the Naval War College in 1974–1975.
In 1965, he joined the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). For twenty-three years he served in the Directorate of Intelligence as analyst, supervisor and manager in the Office of Strategic Research (1965–1980); Deputy Director, Office of Imagery Analysis (1980–1982); Chief (of) Collection, Requirements, and Evaluation Staff (1962–1985); and Director, Office of Information Resources (1986–1988).
Ruocco became director of NPIC in February 1988. After serving as director of the NPIC for three years, in 1991 he joined the CIA Directorate of Administration as director of the Office of Security. In 1992 he was selected to be deputy director of Administration. He retired from the agency in 1995, after 30 years of distinguished service.
# William Kite

William Kite (c. 1825 – after 1845) was a 19th-century circus performer, best known as being the "Mr. Kite" from the Beatles 1967 song "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!"

## Biography

Kite came from a circus family. He was born in Lambeth, London, about 1825. His father, James Kite, was a circus proprietor, and the first to visit Knott Mill Fair, Manchester, in 1806. James Kite formed his own company around 1810, travelling as "Kite's Pavilion Circus."
William Kite was a performer at Wells's Circus from 1842 to 1843 and in Pablo Fanque's circus in Rochdale from 1843 to 1845. A "Miss Kite", possibly a sister, also performed in Fanque's circus, in Burnley, in 1845. His daughter, Elizabeth Ann Kite, later performed in the circus as an "Equestrienne". She married Eugene Gaertner, a member of another circus family.

## "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" song

A broadside poster advertising Pablo Fanque's Circus Royal show in Rochdale, dated 14 February 1843, inspired, and provided many of the lyrics for, the Beatles' song, "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" from their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. The poster also notes that Mr. Kite was then "late of Wells's Circus." Kite was a riding master for Pablo Fanque at this time and, as documented by the poster, a tightrope walker as well. Kite was also an all-around performer with John Sanger's Circus.

## In other media

A fictionalised version of Mr. Kite is portrayed as a ringmaster in a musical sequence from the 2007 film based on the music of the Beatles, Across the Universe. He is played by actor and comedian Eddie Izzard. In the 1978 film Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, a character named Mr. Kite is portrayed by George Burns as the mayor of a small town, but has no otherwise relationship to the real figure beyond the Beatles connection.
# Krasnogorsk (camera)

Krasnogorsk (Красногорск) is a series of spring-wound 16mm mirror-reflex movie camera designed and manufactured in the USSR by Krasnogorsky Zavod (KMZ), produced between 1966 and 1993.
There were four models of this series released by KMZ:
* Krasnogorsk-1 (1966)
* Krasnogorsk-2 (1966)
* Krasnogorsk-3 (1971)
* Krasnogorsk-4 (1974)
A total of 105,435 Krasnogorsk-3 cameras were produced between 1971 and 1993.
This series was used by studios and professional filmmakers, as well as the military, amateurs, and artists, not only in the USSR, but all over Eastern Europe, where it became one of the most popular 16mm movie cameras. As such, it also made a prominent appearance in Krzysztof Kieślowski's 1979 film Camera Buff. The Krasnogorsk cameras are still popular among independent filmmakers today.

## Models

* Krasnogorsk-1
* Krasnogorsk-2
* Krasnogorsk-3
# Nicolas Brazier

Nicolas Brazier (17 February 1783, Paris – 18 February 1838) was a French chansonnier and vaudevillist.

## Life

Although his father was a boarding school master and the author of multiple school manuals, Brazier's education was however strongly neglected due to the French Revolution. At first a jeweller's apprentice, then employed in the "Droits réunis" (the French indirect taxes administration of the time), he showed a talent for verse and was encouraged and guided by Armand Gouffé. Following his first success at the Théâtre des Délassements-Comiques, in 1803, he left his job to devote himself to chansons and to the theatre, following courses at school to fill in the gaps in his education.
His witty, spirited and lively chansons often proved popular, though the vulgarity of his style has led to them being forgotten. The Société du Caveau keeps their memory alive.
Brazier collaborated on over 200 witty vaudeville pieces, above all on the couplets. His collaborators included Dumersan, Désaugiers, Merle, Mélesville, Théaulon, Carmouche, etc. The best known of his pieces are : le Soldat laboureur ; les Cuisinières ; les Bonnes d’enfants ; le Ci-devant jeune homme ; Le Coin de rue ; Les Cuisinières ; Préville et Taconnet ; la Carte à payer ; La Laitière de Montfermeil ; le Savetier et le Financier ; Je fais mes farces ; le Philtre champenois ; etc.
Brazier also wrote a Histoire des petits théâtres de Paris (Paris, 1838, 2 vol. in-8), a light, amusing, useful and curious chronicle, despite its errors. Besides a chanson collection in honour of the Bourbons, under the title Souvenirs de dix ans (Paris, 1824), two editions of his other couplets survive (Paris, 1835, 1836). He wrote, in the Vert-Vert, a series of articles on les Abbés chansonniers, etc.
# William Handcock (1737–1794)

William Handcock (1737 – April 1794) was an Irish politician.
He was the only son of Robert Handcock, fifth son of William Handcock, and his wife Jane Blackburne, daughter of Richard Blackburne. Handcock entered the Irish House of Commons in 1759, representing Athlone until 1783.
On 9 October 1767, he married Susannah, second daughter of Owen Lloyd and had by her an only son.
# Kristian Garup Meidell

Kristian Garup Meidell, sometimes just Garup Meidell (8 May 1866 – 25 July 1926) was a Norwegian barrister.
He was born in Nes i Hallingdal as a son of district stipendiary magistrate Frants Henrik Meidell and Olivia Annette Caroline Arntzen. In 1893 he married Kristine Marie Birkeland, a daughter of Supreme Court Justice Laurits Birkeland. Their son Arne Meidell became a known industrial leader. Another son, Frants, followed in his father's footsteps as a barrister.
Garup Meidell finished his secondary education in 1885 and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.jur. degree in 1890. He worked under his father before settling as an attorney in Kristiania in 1893. From 1896 he was a barrister with access to working with Supreme Court cases. Among others he worked as a lawyer for the Central Bank of Norway, and at his death he was described as one of the "best known jurists" in Norway's capital.
He notably took part in the liquidation of Den norske Discontobank in 1901 and Industribanken in 1902. He was also appointed by the state to the control committee of Andresens og Bergens Kreditbank, when this bank was placed under public administration in 1923. He chaired the supervisory council of Elektrisk Bureau, and was a board member of the Norwegian Bar Association. He died in July 1926 at Modum Bad.
# Ngatiarua Village

Ngatiarua (Mokoero-Nui-O-Tautipa) is a village on the island of Atiu in the Cook Islands. Ngatiarua is the island's biggest village. 32 people live in the village. The village chief is Ngamaru Ariki. Lake Tiroto hospital is located there and it also has a meeting house.[citation needed] It is the centre of the Ngatiarua district.
# SIG AK53

The SIG AK53 was an experimental battle rifle from Switzerland that was designed in the early 1950s.

## Operation

The AK53 used the gas-operated principle of operation with the barrel moving forward to operate the cycle. Because a piston is used to move the barrel, this action does not fall under the blow-forward concept. The AK53 was developed during the late 1940s and early 1950s but was rejected. However, it did lead to the SIG SG 510 battle rifle, which was in use for over thirty years.
# Franklin R. Collbohm

Franklin Rudolf Collbohm (January 31, 1907 – February 12, 1990) was an American aviation engineer.

## Biography

He was born on January 31, 1907, in New York City.
He died on February 12, 1990.

## Education

He studied engineering at the University of Wisconsin.

## Personal life

He was married to Katherine Collbohm and had three children.

## Career

He started his career as a test pilot for Douglas Aircraft.
He is most notable for being the founder of the RAND Corporation.
He has also collaborated with Paul Baran for the development of networking infrastructure.

## Awards

He has received the Defense Department's Distinguished Public Service Medal and also the U.S. Air Force’s Exceptional Service Award.
# Franklin R. Lanter House

The Franklin R. Lanter House is a historic house located at 562 West Park Street in Olathe, Kansas.

## Description and history

The two-story, wood-framed house was built in 1901 for Franklin R. Lanter, a lumber and coal merchant. It was designed by architect George P. Washburn in the Queen Anne style, especially Free Classicism. Lanter lived in the house until 1919. It was later converted into apartments, and eventually remodelled as a single-family residence.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 2007.
# William Quantrill (diplomat)

William Ernest Quantrill (born 4 May 1939) is a former British diplomat who served as Ambassador to Cameroon from 1991 to 1995.

## Early life

Quantrill was educated at Colston's School and Durham University, graduating with a first-class BA in French. He was Secretary of Hatfield College JCR in 1959, and also represented the college at rugby.
Quantrill joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1962. He was appointed to HM Diplomatic Service in December 1965.

## Career

From 1964 to 1980 he served in several overseas posts in Belgium, Cuba, the Philippines, and Nigeria. From 1980 to 1981 he was Head of Training Department and from 1984 to 1988 was Counsellor and Head of Chancery at the British Embassy in Venezuela. He subsequently served as Deputy Governor of Gibraltar until 1990. Quantrill's tenure in Gibraltar coincided with a breakdown in relations between the Gibraltar and Spanish governments after a Gibraltarian court ordered the apprehension of four Spanish customs officials accused of illegal entry and illegal possession of arms. He held a crisis meeting in London with Nicholas Gordon-Lennox, the British Ambassador to Spain, on 29 July 1989.
Quantrill became Ambassador to Cameroon in 1991, also serving as non-resident representative to the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, and Chad.
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byMartin Reith | British Ambassador to Cameroon 1991–1995 | Succeeded byNicholas McCarthy |
# William Herriman

William Herriman may refer to:
* William H. Herriman (1829–1918), American art collector
* William S. Herriman (1791–1867), businessman and president of Long Island Bank
# Frank Muniz

Frank Muniz may refer to:
* Frankie Muniz (born 1985), American actor
* Frank Moniz (1911–2004), U.S. soccer player
# Franklin Square Historic District

Franklin Square Historic District may refer to:
* Franklin Square Historic District (Bloomington, Illinois), listed on the NRHP in Illinois
* Franklin Square Historic District (Baltimore, Maryland), listed on the NRHP in Maryland
* Franklin Square Historic District (Oswego, New York), listed on the NRHP in New York
* Franklin Square Historic District, now included in West Side Historic District (Saratoga Springs, New York), listed on the NRHP in New York
# Nickel bis(dimethylglyoximate)

Nickel bis(dimethylglyoximate) is the coordination complex with the formula Ni[ONC(CH$_3$)C(CH$_3$)NOH]$_2$. The compound is a bright red solid. It achieved prominence for its use in the qualitative analysis of nickel.

## Structure

The geometry of the nickel(II) ion is square planar. It is surrounded by two equivalents of the conjugate base (dmgH$^−$) of dimethylglyoxime (dmgH$_2$). The pair of organic ligands are joined through hydrogen bonds to give a macrocyclic ligand. The complex is distinctively colored and insoluble leading to its use as a chelating agent in the gravimetric analysis of nickel.
The use of dimethylglyoxime as a reagent to detect nickel was reported by L. A. Chugaev in 1905.
# Philippe Gaucher

Philippe Charles Ernest Gaucher (/ɡoʊˈʃeɪ/) (July 26, 1854 – January 25, 1918) was a French dermatologist born in the department of Nièvre.
He received his medical doctorate in 1882, and soon after headed a medical clinic at Necker Hospital. During the subsequent years he was an instructor at several hospital clinics in Paris. He taught classes on pathological anatomy, bacteriology and histology, as well as dermatology. In 1902 he succeeded Jean Alfred Fournier (1832–1914) as the university chair of dermatology and syphilography. Gaucher was also founder of a journal on venereal disease called Annales des Maladies Vénériennes.
He is remembered for providing a description of a disorder that was to become known as Gaucher's disease. In 1882 while still a student, he discovered the disease in a 32-year-old woman who had an enlarged spleen. At the time, Gaucher thought it to be a form of splenetic cancer, and published his findings in his doctorate thesis, titled De l'epithelioma primitif de la rate, hypertrophie idiopathique de la rate sans leucemie. However, it was not until 1965 that the true biochemical nature of Gaucher's disease was understood.
# Lana (chimpanzee)

Lana (October 7, 1970 - November, 2016) was a female chimpanzee, the first to use lexigrams in language research. She was born at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center of Emory University, and the project she was allocated to when 1 year old, the LANguage Analogue project led by Duane Rumbaugh, was named after her with the acronym LANA because the project team felt that her identity was well worth preserving.

## LANA project

The researchers stated that Lana could discriminate between lexigrams, sequence words grammatically and make novel utterances, demonstrating language learning.
The first LANA project (1971) officially had two Principal Investigators, Rumbaugh and Ernst von Glasersfeld (cf. NIH grants HD-06016 and RR-00165). Ernst von Glasersfeld developed the language that Lana learned to use: he coined the term "lexigram", created the first 120 of them and designed the grammar that regulated their combination. This artificial language was called Yerkish, in honor of Robert M. Yerkes, the founder of the laboratory within which the LANA project was conceived and conducted.
The early project also had several graduate-student researchers. The prime researcher, and the prime worker with Lana was Dr. Timothy V. Gill. Included in the project were graduate students Gwen Bell Dooley, Beverly Wilkenson, and Michael D. Haberman, among others. Gwen Bell Dooley demonstrated Lana's cognitive capability to distinguish between two numerical sets of objects which she then labelled with either "more" or "less", whichever was requested.