OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conjugate element (field theory)

In mathematics, in particular field theory, the conjugate elements or algebraic conjugates of an algebraic element α, over a field extension L/K, are the roots of the minimal polynomial p$_{K,α}$(x) of α over K. Conjugate elements are commonly called conjugates in contexts where this is not ambiguous. Normally α itself is included in the set of conjugates of α.
Equivalently, the conjugates of α are the images of α under the field automorphisms of L that leave fixed the elements of K. The equivalence of the two definitions is one of the starting points of Galois theory.
The concept generalizes the complex conjugation, since the algebraic conjugates over $\mathbb {R}$ of a complex number are the number itself and its complex conjugate.

## Example

The cube roots of the number one are:
    ${\sqrt[{3}]{1}}={\begin{cases}1\\[3pt]-{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}i\\[5pt]-{\frac {1}{2}}-{\frac {\sqrt {3}}{2}}i\end{cases}}$
The latter two roots are conjugate elements in Q[i√3] with minimal polynomial
    $\left(x+{\frac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}+{\frac {3}{4}}=x^{2}+x+1.$

## Properties

If K is given inside an algebraically closed field C, then the conjugates can be taken inside C. If no such C is specified, one can take the conjugates in some relatively small field L. The smallest possible choice for L is to take a splitting field over K of p$_{K,α}$, containing α. If L is any normal extension of K containing α, then by definition it already contains such a splitting field.
Given then a normal extension L of K, with automorphism group Aut(L/K) = G, and containing α, any element g(α) for g in G will be a conjugate of α, since the automorphism g sends roots of p to roots of p. Conversely any conjugate β of α is of this form: in other words, G acts transitively on the conjugates. This follows as K(α) is K-isomorphic to K(β) by irreducibility of the minimal polynomial, and any isomorphism of fields F and F' that maps polynomial p to p' can be extended to an isomorphism of the splitting fields of p over F and p' over F', respectively.
In summary, the conjugate elements of α are found, in any normal extension L of K that contains K(α), as the set of elements g(α) for g in Aut(L/K). The number of repeats in that list of each element is the separable degree [L:K(α)]$_{sep}$.
A theorem of Kronecker states that if α is a nonzero algebraic integer such that α and all of its conjugates in the complex numbers have absolute value at most 1, then α is a root of unity. There are quantitative forms of this, stating more precisely bounds (depending on degree) on the largest absolute value of a conjugate that imply that an algebraic integer is a root of unity.
# Conjugate index

In mathematics, two real numbers $p,q>1$ are called conjugate indices (or Hölder conjugates) if
    ${\frac {1}{p}}+{\frac {1}{q}}=1.$
Formally, we also define $q=\infty$ as conjugate to $p=1$ and vice versa.
Conjugate indices are used in Hölder's inequality, as well as Young's inequality for products; the latter can be used to prove the former. If $p,q>1$ are conjugate indices, the spaces L$^p$ and L$^q$ are dual to each other (see L$^p$ space).
# Lindinger

Lindinger is a Germanic and Scandinavian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eduard Lindinger (1915–2004), German Luftwaffe pilot
* Herbert Lindinger (born 1933), German industrial designer
# Emilio Yap

Emilio T. Yap Sr., GCLH (September 24, 1925 – April 7, 2014) was a Chinese Filipino business tycoon and philanthropist. He was the chairman of the board of the Manila Bulletin.

## Biography

Yap was born on September 24, 1925 in Fujian Province, China. He moved to the Philippines where he studied and worked in a business owned by his grandfather in Manila, then went to Dumaguete to work as a shopkeeper.
He began his business career in 1942.

## Career

In July 1984, Yap was elected as the chairman of the board of the Manila Bulletin, a position he held until his death in 2014. He was also the vice president of the executive department of the Manila Bulletin.
Yap was the chairman of Manila Hotel from 1997 until 2014, chairman of Centro Escolar University since 2002, and the chairman emeritus of Philtrust Bank. Forbes ranked Yap as the 15th wealthiest person in the Philippines in 2013, with an estimated net worth of $1.1 billion.

## Death and legacy

Yap died on April 7, 2014, at the age of 88, and was buried at the Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque on April 13, 2014.
On August 3, 2015, a facility inside the Philippine Red Cross Tower National Blood Center was named Don Emilio T. Yap Blood Apheresis Center in honor of his charitable works with the organization.
# Puerto Rican parakeet

The Puerto Rican parakeet or Puerto Rican conure (Psittacara maugei) is an extinct species of parrot that was found on Mona Island and possibly in Puerto Rico.

## Description

The bird was similar to the Hispaniolan parakeet (Psittacara chloropterus), of which it was once considered a subspecies (some sources, such as the IUCN, still follow this taxonomy.) Its feathers were a duller green, and the red markings on the wing were more extensive.

## Ecology

The bird fed primarily upon seeds, fruits, nuts and berries. It may also have eaten leaf buds and flowers. Nesting took place in hollow trees, old woodpecker holes and arboreal termite nests.

## Behavior

The Puerto Rican parakeet was a very gregarious bird, noted for its loud, continuous calling. While the bird was normally cautious, avoiding contact with humans, this lessened while feeding. As the bird often fed in farmers' fields on crops such as maize, this contributed to its widespread hunting.

## Extinction

The last bird was seen in 1882, by W. W. Brown, who collected the specimen which now resides at the Field Museum in Chicago. The date of extinction is not well recorded. It was referred to as still being extant in 1905, but reported as extinct in 1950. Hunting by humans is believed to be the primary cause of extinction. It was noted by James Bond that the bird was seemingly unafraid of gunshots, making it particularly vulnerable to hunting. Bond attributed the bird's extinction to the large number of pigeon hunters who travelled to Mona Island. Deforestation of the island may also have played a role.
Three specimens of the bird still exist. Beyond the one in the Field Museum, the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum in Leiden and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris each possess one skin. Although it is believed the species may also have existed on Puerto Rico, all the existing specimens were collected from Mona Island. The specimen in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle is the type specimen.
# WYCIWYG

What You Cache Is What You Get (WYCIWYG) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme commonly displayed in the address bar of Gecko-based Web browsers like Mozilla Firefox as wyciwyg:// when the Web browser is retrieving cached information. WYCIWYG is a play on the related acronym WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get).

## Usage

Mozilla Firefox implements a registered, strictly internal wyciwyg URI scheme to sort and later reference locally cached pages that were generated or modified by a script on the client side (a common practice for Web 2.0 sites).

## Security issues

In 2007 Michał Zalewski reported that it was possible to bypass the same-origin checks and read from cached (wyciwyg) documents. It was possible at that time to access wyciwyg:// documents without proper same domain policy checks. This could have enabled an attacker to steal sensitive data, perform cache poisoning and execute their own code or display own content with URL bar and SSL certificate data of the original page (URL spoofing). This was fixed in Firefox 2.0.0.5 and SeaMonkey 1.1.3.
# Mochumi District

Mochumí District is one of twelve districts of the province Lambayeque in Peru.
# Continuous descent approach

Continuous descent approach (CDA), also known as optimized profile descent (OPD), is a method by which aircraft approach airports prior to landing. It is designed to reduce fuel consumption and noise compared to other conventional descents. Instead of approaching an airport in a stairstep fashion, throttling down, and requesting permission to descend to each new (lower) altitude, CDA allows for a smooth, constant-angle descent to landing.
A continuous descent approach starts from the top of descent, i.e., at cruise altitude, and allows the aircraft to fly its individual optimal vertical profile down to runway threshold. Some airports apply constraints to this individual optimal profile.

## United Kingdom

The approach to London Heathrow Airport uses CDA, particularly at night, to minimize noise pollution. It is also used at Gatwick Airport.
# WBUD

WBUD may refer to:
* WBUD-LD, a low-power television station (channel 30, virtual 26) licensed to serve Blairsville, Georgia
* WOBM (AM), a radio station (1310 AM) licensed to Asbury Park, New Jersey, which held the call sign WBUD from September 2008 to June 2009
* WFJS (AM), a radio station (1260 AM) licensed to Trenton, New Jersey, which held the call sign WBUD until May 1980 and from September 1981 to September 2008
* WKXW, a radio station (101.5 FM) licensed to Trenton, New Jersey, which held the call sign WBUD-FM from 1962 to 1967
# Aladdin from Broadway

Aladdin from Broadway is a 1917 silent adventure film directed by William Wolbert and starring Edith Storey, Antonio Moreno and Otto Lederer.

## Cast

* Edith Storey as Faimeh
* Antonio Moreno as Jack Stanton
* William Duncan as William Fitzgerald
* Otto Lederer as Amad
* Laura Winston as Light-of-Life
* George Holt as Sadi
# Gabriel Tyr

Gabriel Tyr (19 February 1817, Saint-Pal-de-Mons – 16 February 1868, Saint-Étienne) was a French painter of portraits, both secular and religious. The latter were influenced by the Nazarene movement.

## Biography

His father, Jean Tyr (1790-1851), was a mason. Despite his financially modest background, he was able to enroll at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-arts de Lyon in 1833, at the age of sixteen. He was awarded the Golden Laurel for his portrait of a sleeping child in 1837. This prize enabled him to enter the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he studied with Victor Orsel. His first major project, frescoes at the Église Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, was performed in collaboration with Orsel.
In 1840 his son, Hector Gabriel, was born from a relationship with Marie Duc, who became his wife in 1847. Hector often served as his model.
He held his first exhibit at the Salon in 1843. Following the February Revolution, he received an order from Charles Blanc, Director of the department for the Visual Arts at the Ministry of the Interior. The resulting work was Le Christ Mort (The Dead Christ), a view of Jesus' head against a background of golden fabric. This was praised by the author and art critic, Théophile Gautier, and was the start of a lifelong friendship. He was then called to Lyon to complete a painting at the Basilique Notre-Dame de Fourvière that had been left unfinished by the death of his teacher, Orsel.
He chose to remain and, from 1850, most of his painting was done there. He also worked in Saint-Étienne and Puy-en-Velay, leaving the area occasionally to participate in exhibits; notably the Exposition Universelle of 1855. In addition to painting, he designed the stained glass windows at the Église de Saint-Louis in Saint-Étienne. At the time of his death, he had just received a commission to decorate the cathedral in Puy-en-Velay.
Much of his non-religious work is in private collections, having been sold to cover his debts. One of the largest public collections is at the Musée Crozatier.
# William Dudley

William Dudley may refer to:
* William Dudley (colonel) (1766–1813), War of 1812 officer in the Kentucky Militia
* William Dudley (18th century), a Roxbury, Massachusetts landowner and a namesake of Dudley, Massachusetts
* William Dudley (bishop) (died 1483), bishop of Durham
* William C. Dudley (born 1952), economist at the New York Federal Reserve
* William Harold Dudley (1890–1949), painter
* William Lofland Dudley (1859–1914), chemistry professor
* William Russel Dudley (1849–1911), botanist
* William S. Dudley (born 1936), U.S. naval historian
* William Wade Dudley (1842–1909), soldier in the American Civil War, then became a lawyer, a government official and a Republican campaigner
* William Dudley (designer) (born 1947), British theatre designer
* William Dudley (swimmer) (1931–1978), American swimmer
* William Edward Dudley (1868–1938), administrator in the British co-operative movement
* Sir William Dudley, 1st Baronet (1597–1670), English politician
* Bill Dudley (1921–2010), American football player
# Flavocrambus melaneurus

Flavocrambus melaneurus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in India (Punjab).
# Muricopsis gofasi

Muricopsis gofasi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Angola.
# Wedjah District

Wedjah District is one of 16 districts of Sinoe County, Liberia. As of 2008, the population was 4,076.
# Ruben Carrapatoso

Ruben Carrapatoso (born 29 July 1981 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian race driver, that competed in various series, including the Stock Car Brasil and in one season of the Formula 3 Euro Series. He was CIK-FIA world champion in 1998.
# Where Are You Baby?

"Where Are You Baby?" is a song by English singer, songwriter and pop-rap artist Betty Boo, included on her debut album, Boomania (1990). The song was released by Rhythm King as a single in July 1990, peaking at number three on the UK Singles Chart in September 1990 and earning a Silver certification from the British Phonographic Industry on New Year's Day 1991. Outside the United Kingdom, the single reached number six in Ireland, number 10 in Spain, number 11 in New Zealand, and number 13 in Switzerland. It also charted in Australia, Germany, and the Netherlands. The song features a prominent sample of the Velvelettes song "He Was Really Sayin' Somethin'". German magazine Spex included "Where Are You Baby?" in their "The Best Singles of the Century" list in 1999.

## Critical reception

Steve Hochman from Los Angeles Times felt that "Where Are You Baby?" "is as engaging a bit of pop fluff as you’re likely to find, as wonderfully frothy as Bananarama’s early best—if not Lesley Gore’s." Paul Lester from Melody Maker said that the song "sounds like it was crafted by several experts with years of experience in how to contrive sublime chart noise." David Giles from Music Week wrote that the follow-up to the hugely successful "Doin' the Do" "should fare even better, since it possesses an instantly alluring chorus with distinct traces of Motown acts like the Supremes and Martha Reeves. A possible number one?"

## Track listings

* CD(LEFT 43CD)
* "Where Are You Baby?" (radio edit)
* "Boo's Boogie" (12-inch version)
* "Where Are You Baby?" (12-inch mix)
* 7-inch(LEFT 43) / cassette (LEFT 43C)
* "Where Are You Baby?" (radio edit)
* "Boo's Boogie" (7-inch version)
* 12-inch(LEFT 43T)
* "Where Are You Baby?" (12-inch mix)
* "Boo's Boogie" (12-inch version)

## Charts

| Chart (1990–1991) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 19 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 7 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 29 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 6 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 23 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 16 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 11 |
| Spain (AFYVE) | 10 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 13 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 3 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Power resource theory

Power resource theory is a political theory proposing that variations among welfare states is largely attributable to differing distributions of power between economic classes. It argues that "working class power achieved through organisation by labor unions or left parties, produces more egalitarian distributional outcomes".
Pioneered in the 1970s and 1980s by a school of Scandinavian researchers closely associated with Walter Korpi, Gøsta Esping-Andersen, and John Stephens, power resource theory is an empirical approach to examining the development, characteristics and effects of social policies in advanced industrialized nations. It attempts to account for the various approaches to social policy adopted by different nations, focusing primarily on the role and strength of labor mobilization. Its major conclusion is that social welfare provisions are larger and income inequality lower in countries where working-class people are more politically organized.
While power resource theory became the dominant paradigm among scholars in the 1990s for explaining variations between welfare states in advanced democracies, there are criticisms that point out the lack of accountability for factors such as variations in “coverage, extension, and generosity among welfare states” in addition to not accounting for the importance of political mobilization based on social class. Competing theories have also challenged power resource theory with alternative explanations for the varying levels of welfare development such as the importance of employers and cross-class alliances that exist in coordinated market societies.
# Raging Violence

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Raging Violence is the debut album by American thrash metal band Hirax, released in 1985 through Metal Blade Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Gary Monardo, Scott Owen and Katon W. De Pena, except where noted

## Personnel

* Katon W. De Pena (Bobby Johnson) - vocals
* Gary Monardo - bass
* Scott Owen - guitars
* John Tabares - drums

### Production

* Bill Metoyer - engineering
* Tom G. Warrior - logo
* Stephanie Barrett - photography
* Joe Henderson - photography
* Bill Hale - photography
* John Fetters - photography
* Rick Smith - photography
* Ken Rojas - photography
* Todd Nakamine - photography
* Morgan Young - photography
* Lisha Mahoney - photography
* Brian "Pushead" Schroeder - cover art
# Wau/Bulolo Urban LLG

Wau/Bulolo Urban LLG is a local-level government (LLG) located in the Bulolo Valley of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Wards

* 80. Bulolo Urban
* 81. Wau Urban
# Flavocoxid

Flavocoxid is a medical food consisting of plant derived flavonoids which have anti-inflammatory activity and are used to provide nutritional support to people with chronic osteoarthritis.
Flavocoxid has been approved for use as a medical food in the United States since 2004 and is available by prescription for use in chronic osteoarthritis in tablets of 500 mg under the commercial name Limbrel.
Flavocoxid has been linked to occasional minor elevations in serum enzyme levels during therapy and to rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury.

## Hepatotoxicity

In clinical trials, serum aminotransferase elevations occurred in up to 10% of patients on flavocoxid therapy, but elevations above 3 times the upper limit of normal occurred in only 1% to 2% of recipients. However, there have been several reports of clinically apparent acute liver injury attributed to flavocoxid. Most cases have occurred in women (who are more likely to take flavocoxid). The time to onset has been 1 to 5 months and the pattern of enzyme elevations was usually hepatocellular or mixed. Most cases have been moderate in severity and no instance of acute liver failure or death has been reported. Complete resolution upon stopping flavocoxid has occurred in 2 to 12 weeks. Immunoallergic features have been mild and autoantibodies are not common. At least one instance of recurrence upon rechallenge has been reported.

## Mechanism of Injury

Flavocoxid is a proprietary mixture of molecules extracted from plants and it is unclear which component(s) might be responsible for liver injury. The mixture includes extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis (containing the phytochemical baicalin) and Acacia catechu (catechin)), both of which have been implicated in causing idiosyncratic acute liver injury, but the mechanism is unknown.

## Outcome and management

No instances of acute liver failure or chronic liver injury have been linked to flavocoxid use and all cases have been self-limited, without subsequent chronic hepatitis or vanishing bile duct syndrome. Recurrence upon re-exposure has been reported and rechallenge should be avoided. There is no information on possible cross sensitivity of hepatic injury with other medications or herbal agents such as skull cap or green tea.
# Muncuqlu, Tovuz

Muncuqlu is a village in the municipality of Çatax in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Eurypogon

Eurypogon is a genus of soft-bodied plant beetles in the family Artematopodidae. There are about 11 described species in Eurypogon.

## Species

These 11 species belong to the genus Eurypogon:
* Eurypogon brevipennis Sakai, 1982
* Eurypogon californicus Horn, 1880
* Eurypogon cribratus (Hampe, 1866)
* Eurypogon granulatus Sakai, 1982
* Eurypogon harrisii (Westwood, 1862)
* Eurypogon heishuiensis Kundrata, Bocakova & Bocak, 2013
* Eurypogon hisamatsui Sakai, 1982
* Eurypogon jaechi Kundrata, Bocakova & Bocak, 2013
* Eurypogon japonicus Sakai, 1982
* Eurypogon niger (Melsheimer, 1846)
* Eurypogon ocularis Sakai, 1982
# Euryplocia

Euryplocia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
* Euryplocia salomonum Breuning, 1956
* Euryplocia striatipennis Breuning, 1939
# Eurypogon harrisii

Eurypogon harrisii is a species of soft-bodied plant beetle in the family Artematopodidae. It is found in North America.
# RASGRF2

Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASGRF2 gene.
RAS (MIM 190020) GTPases cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. Guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as RASGRFs, stimulate the conversion of the GDP-bound form into the active form.[supplied by OMIM]
Variations in this gene has been shown to be linked to the propensity to binge drink by teenagers.
# Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988 video game)

Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a video game based on the film of the same name for MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari ST, Apple II, and Commodore 64. It was released by Buena Vista Software in 1988.

## Gameplay

The player controls Roger Rabbit through four levels, each with its own specific task to complete.
In the first level, the player must drive Benny the Cab to reach the Ink and Paint Club ahead of the Toon Patrol, jumping and swerving to avoid cars and puddles of Dip in the road. The second level is set within the club; here, the player must pick up all the sheets of paper being laid on the tables by the penguin waiters, since one of them is Marvin Acme's will. However, the player has to avoid picking up whiskey drinks or being grabbed by the club's gorilla bouncer. The third level is another race against the Toon Patrol to Acme's Gag Factory, and the fourth requires the player to use various joke items to get past the weasels, stop Doom, and save Roger's wife Jessica from being obliterated by Doom's Dip cannon.
The box includes a short catalog of items available in the final level, providing the player with hints on how to complete the game.

## Reception

Compute! stated that Roger Rabbit was "as entertaining as it is exciting" with good graphics, sound, and "several hours of pleasurable playing".