OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mario Aquilina

Mario Aquilina (born 18 November 1975 in Birżebbuġa) is a retired Maltese sailor, who specialized in the Laser class. He represented his nation Malta in two editions of the Olympic Games (2000 and 2004), and has been a full-fledged member of the Birzebbuga Sailing Club throughout his sailing career, training under head coach Peter Valentino. Having the prestige to represent his nation in two Olympic Games, Aquilina has been nominated several times as the Sailor of the Year by the Malta Sailing Federation.
Aquilina made his official debut, as a lone sailor, at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he placed thirty-seventh in the Laser class with a remarkable grade of 272, surpassing Singapore's Stanley Tan by a three-point advantage.
At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Aquilina qualified for his second Maltese team, as a 29-year-old, in the Laser class by granting a tripartite invitation from the International Sailing Federation. Unlike his previous Olympics, Aquilina could not upgrade his position with a net score of 339 points and a thirty-ninth-place effort in a fleet of forty-two sailors.
# Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley

Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley, PC (c. 1676 – 9 April 1731) was an English Tory politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1702 until 1713 when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Bingley and sat in the House of Lords. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1711 to 1713.

## Life

Robert Benson was born in Wakefield, the son of Robert Benson of Wrenthorpe. He went to school in London before studying at Christ's College, Cambridge. He served as an alderman of the city of York and was elected Lord Mayor of York for 1707. He was elected Member of Parliament for Thetford in Norfolk from 1702 to 1705, then becoming MP for York from 1705 to 1713.
In 1711, he was sworn of the Privy Council and became Chancellor of the Exchequer until 1713. He was a Director of the South Sea Company from July 1711 to February 1715. In 1713 he was ennobled as Baron Bingley, and became the British ambassador to Spain.
Benson founded the stately home of Bramham Park, near Wetherby. When he died in 1731 he was buried in Westminster Abbey and the title Baron Bingley became extinct, although it was later re-created for his son-in-law. He had married Elizabeth, the daughter of Heneage Finch, and had a son (who predeceased him) and two daughters (one illegitimate). It has often been suggested that Bingley was also the real father of the British soldier, dramatist and politician John Burgoyne, whose debts he cancelled in his will. What was left of his estate, including Bramham Park, went to his daughter Harriet who had married George Fox.
# Kudak Kaule

Kudak Kaule is a village development committee in Bhojpur District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2734 persons living in 507 individual households.
# Pialea

Pialea is a genus of small-headed flies. It is known from South America.

## Species

* Pialea antiqua Schlinger, 1956
* Pialea brunea Schlinger in Schlinger, Gillung & Borkent, 2013
* Pialea capitella Schlinger, 1956
* Pialea corbiculata Schlinger in Schlinger, Gillung & Borkent, 2013
* Pialea ecuadorensis Schlinger, 1956
* Pialea lomata Erichson, 1840
* Pialea lutescens Westwood, 1876
# Bernard H.V.220

The Bernard H.V.220 was a 1930s French racing seaplane and the last attempt by Bernard compete in the Schneider Trophy race. Delays caused by engine problems meant the aircraft was abandoned and never flown.

## Design and development

The H.V.220 was an all-metal single-seat cantilever monoplane with twin floats and powered by a 2,200 hp (1,641 kW) Lorraine 12Rcr Radium inline piston engine. The aircraft was completed but problems with the Radium engine were never sorted and the aircraft was not flown ending French hopes of a Schneider Trophy win. An improved variant powered by a Radium engine was planned as the H.V.320 but never built.

## Specifications (H.V.220)

Data from Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 9.46 m (31 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 9.40 m (30 ft 10 in)
* Height: 3.96 m (13 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 13.86 m$^2$ (149.2 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 1,790 kg (3,946 lb) estimated
* Max takeoff weight: 2,500 kg (5,512 lb) estimated
* Powerplant: 1 × Lorraine 12Rcr Radium V-12 inverted liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,600 kW (2,200 hp)
* Propellers: 4-bladed Levasseur, 3.20 m (10 ft 6 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 640 km/h (400 mph, 350 kn) estimated
# Pelzneria

Pelzneria is a genus of mites in the family Acaridae. Species of Pelzneria are most often associated with small vertebrate carrion, and most species are phoretic on silphid beetles of the genus Nicrophorus.

## Species

* Pelzneria afluctuosa Mahunka, 1978
* Pelzneria crenulatus (Oudemans, 1909)
* Pelzneria meyerae Mahunka, 1979
# List of ship decommissionings in 1920

The list of ship decommissionings in 1920 includes a chronological list of all ships decommissioned in 1920.
| | Operator | Ship | Class and type | Fate | Other notes |
| 7 May | United States Navy | Alabama | Illinois-class battleship | Target ship | |
| 10 May | United States Navy | Kearsarge | Kearsarge-class battleship | Conversion to a crane ship, became Crane Ship 1 (AB-1) | Scrapped in 1955 |
| 15 May | United States Navy | Wisconsin | Illinois-class battleship | Sold for scrap in 1924 | |
| 29 May | United States Navy | Kentucky | Kearsarge-class battleship | Sold for scrap 1924 | |
| 30 September | Royal Australian Navy | Encounter | Second class protected cruiser | Converted to an accommodation ship | |
| October | Imperial German Navy | Roon | Armored cruiser | Scrapped | |

## Citations

* ↑ Silverstone, p. 9
# Rabassa

Rabassa is a Catalan language surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Enric Rabassa, Spanish footballer and coach
* Gregory Rabassa (1922–2016), American translator
* Jorge Rabassa, Argentine geologist
* Pere Rabassa (1683–1767), Spanish composer and musicologist
# Robert Benson Ewbank

Sir Robert Benson Ewbank, CSI, CIE (22 October 1883 – 2 September 1967) was an eminent British colonial civil servant in the twentieth century.
Educated at Carlisle Grammar School and The Queen's College, Oxford he was Registrar of Co-operative Societies for the Bombay Presidency from 1911 to 1919; Deputy Secretary to the Government of India from 1920 to 1924 (and Acting Secretary between 1926 and 1927); its representative in East Africa from 1927 to 1928; and General Secretary to the Government of Bombay from 1929 to 1934. From 1936 to 1939 he was a Member of the Commission of Government of Newfoundland in charge of Natural Resources. In retirement he was Chairman of the Lake District Committee of the National Trust from 1948 to 1962; a member of the Church Assembly from 1950 to 1960; and High Sheriff of Westmorland from 1957 to 58.
# SSTB

SSTB could refer to the following:
* The Second Stage Turbine Blade, a studio album by rock band Coheed and Cambria.
* Sita Sings the Blues, a 2008 animated feature film by American artist Nina Paley.
# Phoenicocoris obscurellus

Phoenicocoris obscurellus is a species of plant bugs belonging to the family Miridae, subfamily Phylinae that is found throughout continental Europe and the British Isles, except for southeastern Europe.
# George Madeira

George David Madeira (October 1836 – January 1922) was a mining engineer and mineralogist who founded the first astronomical observatory in California in the town of Volcano.
Madeira arrived with his family from Illinois in Volcano on August 30, 1852. They, like many others, had come in search of gold during the California Gold Rush. He had been interested in astronomy as a child, reporting to have observed a comet in February, 1843. Although his formal education had ended at age 15, he continued to study mathematics from a neighbor, a Methodist minister from British Columbia named Telerand.
In 1860, he set up a crude observatory consisting of his telescope (which he had delivered from San Francisco), and a heavy canvas and oilcloth covering. On October 18 of that year, the Sacramento Daily Union published a letter from him (under a pseudonym) regarding sunspot activity, the earliest recorded publication of astronomical research in California. On June 30, 1861, he observed a large and bright comet, which was later dubbed the Great Comet of 1861 (unbeknownst to him, it had already been discovered by Australian John Tebbutt over a month earlier, but news of the discovery had not reached the northern hemisphere yet). The family left Volcano for Carson City, Nevada in 1862 and Madeira sold his telescope to Josiah Whitney of the California Geological Survey.
In addition to his recorded observations, Madeira made another important contribution to astronomy. He was a paid lecturer even as a young man, taking his telescope around the state. After one such lecture in 1860 in San Jose attended by James Lick, he and Lick spent the next few nights observing the skies at Lick's estate. At one point, Madeira told Lick, "If I had your wealth, Mr. Lick, I'd build the world's largest telescope on top of that mountain," pointing out a spot where the present Lick Observatory sits. Although he was not the only influence, he was probably the first to suggest to Lick the idea of a large telescope.
Madeira went on to a varied career as a mining geologist, mineralogist (he was Curator of the California mineral exhibit at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri), journalist, prospector, and mining consultant. He never lost his interest in astronomy and he wrote many articles on aspects of astronomy for the newspapers he worked at. At one point, he applied for a position at Lick Observatory when it opened, but in this he was not successful.
# Pelican striker

In contrast to a downward pointing dolphin striker, a pelican striker is a small vertical spar or pyramid arrangement attached to the top of the crossbar joining the two bows of a catamaran. Its purpose is to resist the upward pressure on the centre of the crossbar where the forestay is attached.
* This sailing-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# List of ship decommissionings in 1917

The list of ship decommissionings in 1917 includes a chronological list of ships decommissioned in 1917. In cases where no official decommissioning ceremony was held, the date of withdrawal from service may be used instead.
| Date | Operator | Ship | Pennant | Class and type | Fate and other notes |
| April | Royal Navy | Swiftsure | | Swiftsure-class battleship | Originally Chilean. Converted to a Barracks ship |
| May 10. | Royal Danish Navy | Valkyrien | | Protected cruiser | Used as a quarantine hospital during Spanish flu |
# Calicophoron

Calicophoron is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Paramphistomidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Calicophoron daubneyi Dinnik, 1962
* Calicophoron microbothrioides (Price & McIntosh, 1949)
# Rabnitzbach

The Rabnitzbach (also Rabnitz) is a river of Styria, Austria, one of the source rivers of the Rába (Raab).
The Rabnitzbach originates near mount Schöckl and flows in south-east direction to Gleisdorf where it merges with the Rába. The river reaches a length of 28.3 km (17.6 mi). Its basin area is 131 km$^2$ (51 sq mi).
The water has Grade A quality and is one cleaner waters of Styria. It is rich on fishes. The normally harmless river can very quickly become a flood hazard and has already been a threat several times. Dangerous points have been mitigated without causing significant damage to nature.
# Merry Company (Buytewech)

Merry Company is a c. 1620-1622 painting by the Dutch artist Willem Pieterszoon Buytewech, now in the Museum of Fine Arts, in Budapest. It belongs to the merry company sub-genre of the genre painting.

## Sources

* http://www.wga.hu/html/b/buytewec/merry_co.html
* This article about a seventeenth-century painting is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# William Robertson (Middlesex cricketer)

William Parish Robertson (5 September 1879 – 7 May 1950) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Middlesex County Cricket Club between 1900 and 1919.
Robertson was educated at Harrow School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
A wicket-keeper, Robertson also played as a right-handed batsman. He scored 4,510 runs and claimed 61 catches and 15 stumpings in first-class cricket.
# Out on Blue Six

Out on Blue Six may refer to:
* Out on Blue Six (show), BBC Radio One show
* Out on Blue Six (novel), written by Ian McDonald
# List of ship decommissionings in 1906

The list of ship decommissionings in 1906 includes a chronological list of ships decommissioned in 1906. In cases where no official decommissioning ceremony was held, the date of withdrawal from service may be used instead.
| Date | Operator | Ship | Pennant | Class and type | Fate and other notes |
| November 28 | United States Navy | Grampus | Submarine Torpedo Boat No. 4 | Plunger-class submarine | At Mare Island Navy Yard until recommissioned in 1908 |
| November 28 | United States Navy | Pike | Submarine Torpedo Boat No. 6 | Plunger-class submarine | Until recommissioned in 1908 |
# Ridley Railway Bridge

Ridley Railway Bridge is a railway bridge carrying the Tyne Valley line between Newcastle upon Tyne and Carlisle across the River South Tyne near Ridley Hall in Northumberland.

## History

The first bridge near Ridley Hall for the railway between Newcastle upon Tyne and Carlisle was designed by John Blackmore and originally built of timber; it was completed in 1838 but as the condition of the wood deteriorated it was replaced by the current iron-girder structure constructed by Sir William Arrol & Co. in 1907.
# Calicotis steropodes

Calicotis steropodes is a moth of the family Stathmopodidae, described by Edward Meyrick in 1897 from a specimen found in Australia. It is endemic to Australia and in 2010 was found at Abbotsbury, Dorset, England. In England, the moth flies in the summer and the larvae feed on ferns, particularly soft shield fern (Polystichum setiferum).

## Distribution

In Australia the moth is found in New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania and Victoria, while in Europe it has been found in Dorset and Devon in England and south-west Wales.
# Rabl (company)

Rabl Chocolate & Sweets Factory Ltd. was one of Israel's largest chocolate and sweet manufacturers during the twentieth century. Rabl was founded by Willy Hans Rabl, a Czechoslovak refugee, in Tel Aviv, Israel. It was a listed company on the Israel Directory. Rabl exported hard boiled sweets across the Middle East.
# Manuela Beltrán

Manuela Beltrán was a Neogranadine woman who organized a peasant revolt against excess taxation in 1780.

## General settings

The information concerning the biography of Manuela Beltran is scarce and fragmented. It is believed she was of peasant origin, was born around 1750, and lived most of her life in Villa del Socorro, Santander, where she ran her own small grocery store, at the main square of Socorro; at the time, in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, it was very uncommon for a woman to own her own business. Besides, Beltran was one of the few people in the region that could read and write, given the virtually complete illiteracy of the population due to the absence of education facilities.

## The taxation

During the first half of the 18th century, the Spanish Empire was focused on the improvement of its military force, especially the Infanteria de Marina, since the main economic interests of the empire depended of the complete control of its American colonies. By 1717, the Cuerpo de Batallones de Marina was definitively settled and organized, reaching its full strength of twelve battalions. The first ones were named: Armada, Bajeles, Marina, Oceano, Mediterráneo and Barlovento. Their mission was to form the "Main body of landing columns and ship's soldiers tasks" in a time when boarding was still a critical part of battle at sea.
The major actions they took part in during this period were: Sardinia, 1717; Naples and Sicily, 1732; Defense of Havana, 1762; Algiers expedition, 1775; Siege of Pensacola, (1781) and Siege of Toulon (1793).
These military actions demanded a large amount of money and resources, which resulted in larger taxations for the people living in the colonies. The new harsh taxation regimen (implemented and promoted by General Visitor Juan Francisco Gutiérrez de Piñeres, and ratified by the Viceroy and Archbishop Antonio Caballero y Góngora) included the raise on the Alcabala, taxes over the consumption of Aguardiente and Tobacco, taxes over the entry of merchandises, and a sales tax.

## The revolt

The edict of the new taxation regimen was placed in the main square of Socorro on March 16, 1781. Since Beltran could read, she informed the crowd about the dispositions, which was greeted with general outrage. She tore apart the document and led the strike action which extended to over sixty cities and towns in the Andean Region of Colombia and Llanos. The revolt eventually ended with a fake negotiation offered by the Viceroy, followed by the capture and execution of most of the revolt leaders including José Antonio Galán. Whether or not Manuela Beltran was also executed remains unclear.

## Cultural relevancy

* Manuela Beltran is a common name for elementary schools, institutions and neighborhoods throughout Colombia.
* A popular television series in Colombia in the 1980s was based on her life.
* Manuela Beltrán University is named after her.
# William Scrope

William Scrope (1772–1852) was an English sportsman and amateur artist, known as a writer on sports.

## Life

He was son of Richard Scrope, D.D., and succeeded to the property of the Scropes of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, on the death of his father in 1787. In 1795 the Scrope estates of Cockerington, Lincolnshire, also passed to him. He was a classical scholar, a sportsman devoted to deer-stalking and salmon-fishing, and landscape artist.
Scrope rented a place near Melrose, where he lived on good terms with Sir Walter Scott. He was a member of the Accademia di San Luca of Rome, and a fellow of the Linnean Society. He died at his house in Belgrave Square, London, on 20 July 1852.

## Works

Scrope published two books, The Art of Deerstalking (1838, reissued 1885), and Days and Nights of Salmon-fishing in the Tweed, (1843, reissued 1883). They were both illustrated with plates after Edwin Landseer, Charles Landseer, David Wilkie, William Simson, and others.
Painting views in Scotland, Italy, Sicily, and elsewhere, Scrope exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy, and later at the British Institution, of which he was an active director. He was frequently assisted in his work by William Simson, R.S.A.

## Family

Scrope was a direct descendant of Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton, and was the last male representative of his family. He married, in 1794, Emma Long, daughter of Charles Long, of Grittleton, Wiltshire, and had an only daughter and heir, Emma Phipps; she married, in 1821, George Poulett Thomson, who then assumed the name and arms of Scrope.
# Out of the Wreck

Out of the Wreck is a surviving 1917 American drama silent film directed by William Desmond Taylor and written by Maude Erve Corsan and Gardner Hunting. The film stars Kathlyn Williams, William Clifford, William Conklin, Stella LeSaint, William Jefferson and Don Bailey. The film was released on March 8, 1917, by Paramount Pictures.

## Cast

* Kathlyn Williams as Agnes Aldrich
* William Clifford as Steve O'Brien
* William Conklin as James Aldrich
* Stella LeSaint as Ruby Sheldon
* William Jefferson as Howard Duncan
* Don Bailey as Tom Ryan

## Preservation status

The film is preserved in the Library of Congress collections.
# Oenanthe sarmentosa

Oenanthe sarmentosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name water parsley. It is native to western North America from Alaska to California, where it grows in wet areas, such as streambanks. It is sometimes aquatic, growing in the water. The plant has been used in cultivation in wetlands, and the recent discovery of several colonies growing by a stream in Illinois demonstrates its capacity to become a noxious weed if it is introduced elsewhere. This is a perennial herb growing to a maximum height near 1.5 meters. The leaves have blades up to 30 centimeters long borne on petioles up to 35 centimeters in length. The parsley-like leaf blade is divided into serrated, lobed leaflets. The inflorescence is a compound umbel of many flowers with bright white to red-tinged petals.
# Linda van der Gaag

Linda Christina van der Gaag (born 1959) is a Dutch computer scientist whose research concerns artificial intelligence for medical decision support systems, including graphical models, Bayesian networks, and expert systems. She is SUPSI Professor at the Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research in Switzerland.

## Education and career

Van der Gaag completed a doctorate in 1990 at the University of Amsterdam, with the dissertation Probability-Based Models for Plausible Reasoning, jointly promoted by Jan Bergstra and Richard D. Gill.
She became a professor at Utrecht University, and head of the Department of Information and Computing Sciences, before moving to the Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research (IDSIA) in 2019. At IDSIA, she was named SUPSI Professor in 2020.

## Book

With Peter J. F. Lucas, van der Gaag is the coauthor of the book Principles of Expert Systems (Addison-Wesley, 1991).

## Recognition

Van der Gaag is a Fellow of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence.