OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# D'Yves Air Pub

D'Yves Air Pub is a French aircraft manufacturer based in La Chapelle-en-Vexin, founded by Yves Hélary. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of paramotors and powered parachutes in the form of kits for amateur construction and ready-to-fly aircraft for the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules and the European Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category.
Hélary has been singled out for his incremental design innovations and his individual customer service.
The company has a full line of paramotors, including the now-discontinued D'Yves Yvasion 2000 and the current production Mikalight and Titanox. Current powered parachute models include the Single-Seater Trike, Airmax Double-Seater Trike and the Double-Seater Trike.
# Exchange, Indiana

Exchange is an unincorporated community in Green Township, Morgan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

A post office was established at Exchange in 1880, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1904.
# William Dickinson Hawley

William Dickinson Hawley (1784 – January 23, 1845) was an Episcopal clergyman who served as Chaplain of the Senate.

## Early years

Dickinson Hawley was born in 1784 in Manchester, Vermont, the fifth child of Jabez Hawley and Phoebe Peet. He first studied for the law under Judge Peter Radcliffe in New York City. While in New York he also served in the state militia and was court martialed in 1813 for unofficerlike conduct; he was acquitted of the charges against him. General Bogardus was outraged at the acquittal. Hawley was permitted to resign his commission and thereafter studied for the ministry.

## Ministry

He was ordained a deacon on November 4, 1814 by New York Bishop James Hobart. His first charge was St. Stephen parish, Culpeper County, Virginia; he was ordained a priest in May 1815 by Bishop of Virginia Richard Channing Moore.
He was called to serve St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square (Washington, D.C.), also known as The Church of the Presidents. He was essentially the church's first rector. When invited to serve it was for "six or twelve months" on a trial basis. He in fact served as rector from 1817 to 1845. Hawley was a friend of Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren. The church's Presidential pew was set apart for that use in December 1817, it was occupied by every president thereafter through Buchanan. In Hawley's rectorship, Presidential worshipers included President John Quincy Adams who was a regular at afternoon services during his term of office. Hawley conducted the funeral of President William Henry Harrison in the East Room of the White House on April 7, 1841. His successor John Tyler was an Episcopalian who, with his family, became regular worshipers at St John's Church. Hawley officiated in the White House for the weddings of Samuel L. Gouverneur to Maria Hester Monroe (the President's youngest daughter) and John Adams II to Mary Catherine Hellen.
Hawley was among those responsible for the establishment of the new Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Fairfax, Virginia.
Following his death on January 23, 1845, Hawley's remains were buried outside the north wall of the church; the grave was left undisturbed during expansions in 1883, which made the gravesite now within the church.

## Personal life

On August 25, 1818, at Christ Church, Alexandria, Virginia, Hawley married Wilhelmina Douglass Potts, daughter of John and Eliza Ramsey Potts. Their nine children were: Elizabeth Potts, Phoebe Mary, Thomas Semmes, Wilhelmina, Catherine Ramsay, Peter William Radcliffe, Fanny Lear, Anna Sophia and William H. Hawley.
# D30

D30 may refer to:

## Vehicles
### Aircraft

* Dewoitine D.30, a French passenger monoplane

### Ships

* Brazilian destroyer Pernambuco (1961), a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy
* Brazilian destroyer Pernambuco (1989), a Garcia-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy
* HMS Despatch (D30), a Danae-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy
* HMS Whirlwind (D30), a W-class destroyer of the Royal Navy

### Surface vehicles

* Levdeo D30, a Chinese hatchback
* LNER Class D30, a class of British steam locomotives

## Other uses

* 122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30), a Soviet howitzer
* Canon EOS D30, a digital single lens reflex camera
* D30 road (Croatia)
* Queen's Gambit Declined, a chess opening
* Soloviev D-30, a Soviet turbofan engine
* d30, a die with 30 sides
# Pseudorhaphitoma styracina

Pseudorhaphitoma styracina is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 3 mm.
(Original description) The solid shell is subulate. It contains 10 whorls. Its colour is a uniform grey.
Sculpture: The ribs are low and broad, with narrow interstices, six on the body whorl. The spirals are sharp threads running evenly over both ribs and furrows, and increasing by intercalation. On the penultimate whorl are four spirals, and on the body whorl fourteen, some of which are alternately large and small.
The aperture:—The sinus is U-shaped, rather wide and deep. The columella is simple. The outer lip has a thin bent edge; throat grooved within.

## Distribution

This marine genus occurs in the Gulf of Carpentaria and off Queensland, Australia
# R. Girirajan

R. Girirajan is an Indian politician and a member of the Rajya Sabha, upper house of the Parliament of India from Tamil Nadu as a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
# Firmilian (Roman governor)

Firmilian was the Roman governor of the Iudaea Province, during the third Late Roman Period of the Roman rule over the region. He was the third of a succession of governors (Flavianus, Urbanus, and Firmilian) who enforced the Diocletian Persecution at Caesarea, the province's capital, which lasted for twelve years. He is commonly referred as cruel and sadistic for torturing and killing many Christians and being heartless even to his close allies. He was beheaded for his crimes around 310 AD, by the emperor Maximinus’s order, as his predecessor Urbanus had been two years before.
# Galerita bicolor

Galerita bicolor, also known as the False bombardier beetle, is a species of beetle occurring in the eastern United States. Its mimicry of the colors and shape of a bombardier beetle help it evade predators.

## Geographical range

G. bicolor is found from New York to Florida, and west to South Dakota and Texas.

## Description

G. bicolor is generally about 17.0-22.5 mm in length. It is large and elongated, with a bicolor scheme (red and black). The head is narrow and smaller than the body. The elytra is black, and ridged, with setae over the basal third. Its antennae are pale and somewhat wider than the rest at the base. Pronotum red.

## Biology

G. bicolor can be found under bark year-round. The larvae resemble the larvae of actual bombardier beetles to an extent. Not much is known about them. Though they are not bombardier beetles themselves, they can still emit a foul odor (just not as bad as the beetles they mimic). Females produce purse-shaped mud cells under leaves. Eggs are laid here. They are fond of moist areas, which can include woodlands, meadows, and backyards. They are usually encountered either dead or under leaf litter or a rock or log. In the wild, they can live about 1-2 years. They are most active from February-November. They eat insects as larvae and adults, and are mainly hunted by birds.
# Patch dynamics (physics)

Patch dynamics is a term used in physics to bridge, using algorithms, the models describing macroscale behavior and to predict large-scale patterns in fluid flow. It uses locally averaged properties of short space-time scales to advance and predict long space-time scale dynamics.
In patch dynamics and finite difference approximations, the macroscale variables are defined at the grid points of a mesh chosen to resolve the solution. The standard PDE adaptive grid methods can be used to resolve gradients in the macroscale solution. Both patch dynamics and finite difference methods generate time derivatives at mesh points; these time derivatives then help advance the solution in time.
# 1952–53 Romanian Hockey League season

The 1952–53 Romanian Hockey League season was the 23rd season of the Romanian Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and CCA Bucuresti won the championship.

## Regular season

| Team | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| CCA Bucuresti | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 6 | 10 |
| Avantul Miercurea Ciuc | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 43 | 18 | 6 |
| Stiinta Cluj | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 18 | 6 |
| Spartak Targu Mures | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 30 | 18 |
| Dinamo Bucuresti | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 41 | 2 |
| Steagul Rosu Brasov | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 58 | 0 |
# Norman Tate (entertainer)

Norman Edward Tate MBE (1890–1962) was a notable New Zealand entertainer. He was born in Papakura, New Zealand, in 1890.
In the 1959 Queen's Birthday Honours, Tate was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for social welfare services.
# Lachy, Marne

Lachy (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Lachyan, Karnataka

Lachyan is a village situated in the Indi Taluka of Bijapur district, Karnataka, India. As of the Population Census 2011, Lachyan is home to 4,586 people distributed across 865 families.

## Geography and Accessibility

Lachyan covers a vast area of 2,517 hectares, with the nearest town, Indi, located 12 kilometers away. The village is positioned 65 kilometers north of the Bijapur district headquarters and 596 kilometers from the state capital, Bangalore. The region is easily accessible, with a railway station available within the village and public and private bus services serving the locality.

## Temples and Landmarks

One of the notable landmarks in Bijapur District is the Shri Siddhaling Maharaj Math, a famous temple situated 65 kilometers north of the district headquarters and 13 kilometers from Indi. The temple is a spiritual center attracting devotees from various places.
Hindu temples are scattered around the village, with six temples located within a 1-kilometer radius of Shri Siddhaling Maharaj Math. As you expand the search radius to 5 and 10 kilometers, the number of Hindu temples increases to 16 and 32, respectively. Shri Lagamavva Devi is Goddess of Boundaries, even all people of Surrounding villages of Lachyan give visit to her temple.

## Demographics

The population of Lachyan comprises 2,401 males and 2,185 females, with a child population (age 0-6) of 578, constituting 12.60% of the total. The sex ratio in Lachyan is 910, slightly below the Karnataka state average of 973. The Child Sex Ratio is 993, surpassing the Karnataka average of 948.
In terms of literacy, Lachyan exhibits a rate of 69.31%, which is lower than the Karnataka state average of 75.36%. Male literacy stands at 79.35%, while female literacy is 58.14%.

## Governance and Economy

The village is administered by a Sarpanch, the elected head of the village, in accordance with the Panchayati Raj Act. As of 2019, Lachyan falls under the Indi assembly constituency and Vijayapura parliamentary constituency. Economic activities in the village engage 97.53% of the population in main work, with a focus on cultivation and agricultural labor.
The village has a significant Scheduled Caste (SC) population, constituting 27.45%, while Scheduled Tribe (ST) accounts for 1.70%. OBC, etc....

## Notable Personalities

Lachyan has been home to notable individuals, including Shashwad Babalgaon, known for his stunts in films such as "Sakra" (2023), "Expendables" (2023), and as a stunt coordinator in "Kung Fu Panda" (2024). Additionally, historical records mention Shri Ningondappa Babalagaon, who served as the Sarpanch, winning five consecutive terms in the 1900s or earlier.
# Lachyang

Lachyang is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3633 people living in 720 individual households.
# Laeviemarginula kimberi

Laeviemarginula kimberi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.
# Laevilitorina

Laevilitorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

## Species

Species in the genus Laevilitorina include:
* Laevilitorina alta (Powell, 1940)
* Laevilitorina antarctica (E. A. Smith, 1902)
* Laevilitorina antipodum (Filhol, 1880)
* Laevilitorina aucklandica (Powell, 1933)
* Laevilitorina bifasciata (Suter, 1913
* Laevilitorina bruniensis (Beddome, 1883)
* Laevilitorina caliginosa (Gould, 1849)
* Laevilitorina claviformis Preston, 1916
* Laevilitorina delli (Powell, 1955)
* Laevilitorina granum Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* Laevilitorina hamiltoni (E.A. Smith, 1898)
* Laevilitorina heardensis Dell, 1964
* Laevilitorina johnstoni (Cotton, 1945)
* Laevilitorina kingensis (May, 1924)
* Laevilitorina latior Preston, 1912
* Laevilitorina macphersonae (Dell, 1964)
* Laevilitorina mariae (Tenison Woods, 1876)
* Laevilitorina pygmaea Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* Laevilitorina umbilicata Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* Laevilitorina venusta Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
* Laevilitorina wandelensis (Lamy, 1905)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Laevilitorina antarctica (Martens, 1885): synonym of Laevilacunaria antarctica (Martens, 1885)
* Laevilitorina bennetti (Preston, 1916): synonym of Laevilacunaria bennetti (Preston, 1916)
* Laevilitorina bennetti Preston, 1912: synonym of Eatoniella bennetti (Preston, 1912)
* Laevilitorina burni Ponder, 1976: synonym of Laevilitorina johnstoni (Cotton, 1945)
* Laevilitorina coriacea (Melvill & Standen, 1907): synonym of Laevilitorina caliginosa (Gould, 1849)
* Laevilitorina cystophora Finlay, 1924: synonym of Rissoella cystophora (Finlay, 1924)
* Laevilitorina elongata Pelseneer, 1903: synonym of Laevilitorina caliginosa (Gould, 1849)
* Laevilitorina iredalei Brookes, 1926: synonym of Elachisina iredalei (Brookes, 1926)
* Laevilitorina labioflecta Dell, 1990: synonym of Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, 1990)
* Laevilitorina micra Finlay, 1924: synonym of Rissoella micra (Finlay, 1924)
* Laevilitorina pumilio (E.A. Smith, 1875): synonym of Laevilacunaria pumilio (E. A. Smith, 1875)
# Nola cingalesa

Nola cingalesa is a moth of the family Nolidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1882. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Samuel Coffman

Samuel Frederick Coffman (11 June 1872 - 28 June 1954) was a Canadian minister, writer and pacifist.
In 1918 he helped organize the Non-Resistant Relief Organization (NRRO), involving all Amish, Mennonite, and Brethren-in-Christ groups then in Ontario. Coffman represented these peace groups in lobbying the Canadian government for exemption from military service during World War I. "He received a sympathetic hearing from many public officials largely because of his own judicious attitude and the general trust he put in the government." Coffman assisted in obtaining releases for imprisoned Amish and Brethren in Christ members, and as a more permanent solution he later arranged that conscientious objectors be given indefinite leaves of absence from active duty.
In the 1930s, Coffman helped to create the Conference of Historic Peace Churches. Out of his peace conviction grew the belief that the peace churches should assist in the relief of wounds caused by war:
   "Throughout the years 1918-50, Coffman organized, through NRRO, the distribution of relief funds and materials to aid the victims of war. For him, relief work was the social dimension to the peace doctrine of nonresistance. Coffman interpreted the peace position to include not only resistance to war, but also a commitment to acts of love."
# Sambasivan

Sambasivan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* M. S. Swaminathan (born Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan; 1925–2023), Indian agronomist, agricultural scientist, geneticist, administrator and humanitarian
* V. Sambasivan (1929–1996), Indian artist
# Norma Romm

Norma Romm is a South African critical systems thinker interested in transformative research. She is a professor at the Department of Adult, Community, and Continuing Education at the University of South Africa.
She was previously Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Swaziland and deputy director of the Centre for Systems Studies, at the University of Hull.

## Works

* The Methodologies of Positivism and Marxism (1991) London: Macmillan
* Accountability in Social Research (2001) Springer
* New Racism: Revisiting Researcher Accountabilities (2010) Springer
* Responsible Research Practice: Revisiting Transformative Paradigm in Social Research (2018) Springer
# Lactifluus adustus

Lactifluus adustus is a species of milk-cap fungus in the family Russulaceae. The species was first described in 1938 by Johannes Rick.
# Nonja (Austrian orangutan)

Nonja (21 April 1976 - 22 May 2018) was a female orangutan at Tiergarten Schönbrunn (Vienna Zoo) who had her own Facebook page. The zoo provided her with a special camera, enabling her to take digital pictures, which subsequently were uploaded to her Facebook page.
Nonja was born at Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna and grew up with her mother. However she was raised by the zoo's personnel as well. At some point when she was with her stockmen Nonja picked up a brush and made some attempts to paint. After that incident the zoo provided her for a while with a regular opportunity to paint or rather let her play with painting utensils. The zoo managed to sell some of her creations for prices of up to 2000 Euros.
In 2009, the zoo provided Nonja with a special camera with a Wi-Fi connection and encouraged her to take pictures in her enclosure. The camera was a special shock-proof one and released a raisin when a picture was taken. The pictures taken by Nonja were automatically uploaded to her Facebook page, which had several thousand visitors per day.
In May 2018 Nonja developed a severe kidney dysfunction, which could not be remedied by medical treatment, hence it was decided to put her down to avoid unnecessary suffering.
# Fulton High School

Fulton High School may refer to:
* Fulton High School, now merged into South Atlanta High School, Georgia
* Fulton High School (Illinois) in Fulton, Illinois
* Fulton High School (Kansas) formerly in Fulton, Kansas
* Fulton High School (Kentucky) in Fulton, Kentucky
* Fulton High School (Tennessee) in Knoxville, Tennessee
* Fulton High School in Fulton, Missouri - Fulton 58 School District
# Nord's 22nd constituency

Nord's 22nd constituency was a French legislative constituency in the Nord département. It was abolished in the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies. The last MP was Christian Bataille.
# Lai Yonghai

Lai Yonghai (Chinese: 赖永海) is a Chinese philosopher of religion. He is currently a professor of the Department of Philosophy at Nanjing University and the dean of the Institute of Chinese Culture at Nanjing University.
# FutureFuel

FutureFuel Corporation is a developer and producer of chemicals and biofuels. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, with symbol FF.

## History

In 2005 the company was founded in Clayton, Missouri as Viceroy Acquisition Corp., a Special-purpose acquisition company. In 2006 Viceroy acquired a plant in Batesville, Arkansas from Eastman Chemical and subsequently changed its name to FutureFuel. Lee Mikles was CEO from 2006 until 2013. Since 2013 Tony Novelly has been chairman and CEO.

## Operations

The company operates in two segments: chemicals and biofuels.
The company has a wholly owned subsidiary named FutureFuel Chemical Company, which develops various chemical products selling to third party customers. The chemical segment consists of two components, which are custom manufacturing that produce chemicals for specific customers, and performance multi-customer specialty chemicals. During 2011, about 50% of the company's revenue came from manufacturing specialty chemicals.
The biofuel segment mainly produce biodiesel, as well as petrodiesel. This operation segment is in central Arkansas, where the company owns 2,200 acres of land six miles southeast of Batesville, Arkansas.
# Norman Wood (badminton)

Norman Wood was a male badminton player from England.
Wood won the All England Open Badminton Championships in men's singles in 1906 and 1907.
# Laird Boswell

Laird Boswell is Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, specializing in the history of modern France. He was previous Assistant and then Associate Professor there, and before that, Instructor at the California Institute of Technology. He was visiting professor at Institut d’études politiques de Paris in 2008.
# Non-explosive demolition agents

Non-explosive demolition agents are chemicals that are an alternative to explosives and gas pressure blasting products in demolition, mining, and quarrying. To use non-explosive demolition agents in demolition or quarrying, holes are drilled in the base rock as they would be for use with conventional explosives. A slurry mixture of the non-explosive demolition agent and water is poured into the drill holes. Over the next few hours the slurry expands, cracking the rock in a pattern somewhat like the cracking that would occur from conventional explosives.
Non-explosive demolition agents offer many advantages including that they are silent and do not produce vibration the way a conventional explosive would. In some applications conventional explosives are more economical than non-explosive demolition agents. In many countries these are available without restriction, unlike explosives which are highly regulated.
The active ingredient is typically calcium oxide, "burnt lime," and is typically mixed with Portland cement and modifiers.
These agents are much safer than explosives, but they have to be used as directed to avoid steam explosions during the first few hours after being placed.
Typical applications / parameters :
| Application | Parameter | Parameter | Parameter | Parameter | Usage amount (kg/m$^3$) |
| Application | Aperture (mm) | Pitch-row (cm) | Array pitch (cm) | Bore depth | Usage amount (kg/m$^3$) |
| Light Rock | 30–45 | 30–50 | 30–50 | H | 8–10 |
| Medium-hard Rock | 30–45 | 25–40 | 20–35 | 1.05H | 10–15 |
| Hard Granite | 35–45 | 20–40 | 20–30 | 1.05H | 18–20 |
| Rock Cutting | 30–40 | 20–35 | 50-80 | H | 5–15 |
| Unreinforced Concrete and Boulder Stones | 35–50 | 20–30 | 25–35 | 0.9H | 8–15 |
| Reinforced Concrete | 30–45 | 15–25 | 15–25 | H | 15–25 |
Many patents describe non-explosive demolition agents containing CaO, SiO$_2$ and/or cement.
# Noroeste, Yucatán

Noroeste is one of the regions of Yucatán, Mexico.