OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Los Toldos (Santa Cruz)

Los Toldos is an archaeological site in Santa Cruz, Argentina, which has evidenced human activity dating back almost 13,000 years ago. It is the namesake of the Toldense culture group.

## Location

The site is located south of the Deseado River, in the Canadon de las Cuevas.

## Cave 3

Cave 3 of Los Toldos is located next to a ravine. Human settlement of the cave is dated around 12,000 years ago. The entrance to the cave is approximately 12 meters wide. Excavations carried out by archaeologist Augusto Cárdich [es] and a team of specialists and students from the National University of La Plata (UNLP) have excavated twelve archaeological strata in the cave, with a total depth of two meters:
| Stratigraphy | Description |
| 1 | Corresponds with Tehuelche occupation, although there are few artifacts in this layer. |
| 2 | There are few artifacts in this layer. |
| 3 | Numerous lithic artifacts have been uncovered at this layer of the site, indicating its extensive use. These include arrowheads/projectile points, scrapers, short scrapers and the bones of guanacos, deer, foxes, rodents and birds. |
| 4–5 | These layers coincided with a volcanic eruption. A layer of ash exists in these levels, and there are no archaeological remains. This has led them to be called "sterile". |
| 6–7 | These layers correspond with a culture known as the "Casa Pedra" or "Casapedrenca", characterized by a higher amount of lithic tools, probably meant for hunting guanacos. This culture flourished 7,500 years ago in Patagonia. Many large scrapers, scrapers, and knives were found during the excavations of these layers. |
| 8 | This layer is poor in lithic artifacts, indicating that the cave was probably uninhabited during the time period associated with it. |
| 9–10 | These layers provide important information on the Toldense material culture group. Two bifacial points, other triangular and thin spearheads, and a large number of large scrapers and scrapers were found. The artifacts have been radiocarbon dated to between 9,000 and 11,000 years ago. Bones of guanacos, rhea, and horses were identified and found in these layers as well. |
| 11–12 | Contain numerous lithic artifacts, dating from 11,000 to 13,000 years ago. Among these are unifacial points, large shards of stone that were modified to varying degrees, some scrapers, and large scrapers. These artifacts indicate that the site was occupied by hunters adapted to the steppe of Patagonia. They hunted horses like Parahippus and camelids such as guanacos. This technological phase favored the later development of Toldense Culture. |
# CJLD-FM

CJLD-FM (93.1 FM, 93.1 The One) is a country formatted radio station licensed to Leduc, Alberta, Canada, serving Leduc County. CJLD is owned by Mark Tamagi and operated by Blackgold Broadcasting Inc.

## History

On February 22, 2012, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved an application for Mark Tamagi, on behalf of Blackgold Broadcasting Inc., to operate a new English language FM radio station in Leduc.
At 9:31am, on April 16, 2013, 93.1 The One officially launched with "Roughest Neck Around" by Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans as the station's first song.

## Programming

The station's programming schedule consists of Shane Michaels, John Tesh and Seanna Collins. The nationally syndicated Intelligence for Your Life with John Tesh and The Hit List with Fitz round out the schedule.
# Kurt Wiesenfeld

Kurt Wiesenfeld is an American physicist working primarily on non-linear dynamics. His works primarily concern stochastic resonance, spontaneous synchronization of coupled oscillators, and non-linear laser dynamics. Since 1987, he has been professor of physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

## Life and work

Kurt Wiesenfeld received his Bachelor of Science in Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979, after which he moved to University of California, Berkeley and received his doctorate in 1985. From 1984 to 1985, he was a Lecturer and Research Scientist at the University of California at Santa Cruz.
In 1987, as a post-doctoral research scientist in the Solid State Theory Group of Brookhaven National Laboratory, he and another fellow post-doctoral scientist, Chao Tang, along with their mentor, Per Bak, presented new ideas in group organization with a concept they coined self-organized criticality in their paper in Physical Review Letters. The first discovered example of a dynamical system displaying such self-organized criticality was named after them as the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld "sandpile" model.
Wiesenfeld is currently a fellow of the American Physical Society, a member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), and a past member of the Executive Committee of the American Physical Society's Division of Biological Physics.

## Selected publications

* K. Wiesenfeld, A. R. Bulsara, and M. E. Inchiosa (2000). "Oscillatory Dynamics of a Nonlinear Amplifier in the High-Gain Regime: Exploiting a Global Connection". Phys. Rev. B. 62 (14): R9232-35. Bibcode:2000PhRvB..62.9232W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.62.R9232.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* K. Wiesenfeld and F. Moss (1995). "Stochastic resonance and the benefits of noise: from ice ages to crayfish and SQUIDs". Nature. 373 (6509): 33–36. Bibcode:1995Natur.373...33W. doi:10.1038/373033a0. PMID 7800036. S2CID 4287929.
* K. Wiesenfeld, P. Colet and S. Strogatz (1998). "Frequency locking in n Josephson arrays: connection with the Kuramoto model" (PDF). Phys. Rev. E. 57 (2): 1563–1569. Bibcode:1998PhRvE..57.1563W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.57.1563. hdl:10261/53710.
# Bergnart Carl Lewy

Bergnart (Bernhard) Carl Lewy was a Danish chemist; born in Copenhagen on 5 July 1817. He died there on 1 January 1863. He obtained the degree of graduate of pharmacy in 1835, and then studied chemistry for three years at the polytechnic school. In 1839, he studied in Berlin (Ph.D.), and he spent the winter of 1839–40 in Rome. He then obtained a position as assistant in the private laboratory of J. B. Dumas in Paris.
Lewy soon proved himself to be the possessor of great experimental ability, and the Académie des Sciences in 1841 entrusted him with the task of studying the atmospheric conditions around the North and Baltic seas, as well as in Copenhagen. Later, he made a comparative test of the atmospheric conditions in Paris and in the surrounding country.
In 1847, Lewy was appointed professor of chemistry at Bogotá, New Granada, where he enjoyed great popularity and filled many honorary offices. He was decorated by the King of Denmark, and in 1859 was awarded the gold medal of honor. His writings have appeared in Annales de Chimie et de Physique, "Comptes Rendus" of the French Institute (Académie des Sciences), and in "Forhandlinger ved de skandinaviske Naturforskeres fjerde Möde" (1844).
# Ron Hadfield

Sir Ronald Hadfield QPM (15 July 1939 – 31 January 2013) was the Chief Constable of the West Midlands Police from June 1990 until July 1996. He had previously served with Lancashire Constabulary, Greater Manchester Police and Derbyshire Constabulary and was, from 1987 to 1990, Nottinghamshire Police's chief constable. His nickname was "Biffo".

## Career

During his time with the West Midlands Police, he oversaw the Hadfield Report into the Birmingham pub bombings. He was International Vice-President of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
Following his retirement from the police, he was appointed as a consultant in training and people management by the firm of Edge & Ellison.
In the 1995 Queen's Birthday Honours, Hadfield was appointed a Knight Bachelor for services to Police.

## Death

He died on 31 January 2013, aged 73, and was survived by his wife, Anne.
# Donald G. Teitelbaum

Donald Gene Teitelbaum served as the American ambassador to Ghana (2008–2012).
Teitelbaum earned a B.A. in foreign affairs from the University of Virginia in 1985.
Before his appointment in Ghana, he was Deputy Chief of Mission (DCM) in Pretoria, South Africa. He served as Chargé d'Affaires from August 2005 after the departure of Ambassador Jendayi Frazer until the July 27, 2006 arrival of Ambassador Eric M. Bost.
# Abdul Bari (Taliban commander, Uruzgan)

Mullah Abdul Bari (died (2009-04-01)April 1, 2009) was alleged to be a Taliban commander, and expert bomb-maker.
According to Australian General Mark Evans:
    "His weapons of choice were roadside bombs and suicide bombers and his death means that Taliban insurgents operating in the region have lost one of their key facilitators." "Mullah Bari has also been confirmed to have been directly involved in the placement of the improvised explosive devices which have targeted Australian troops."
Another Taliban commander named Mullah Abdul Bari was reported killed in Helmand Province on February 21, 2008.
# Marc Rafelski

Marc Alexander Rafelski is an American astrophysicist. Rafelski studied astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles with Andrea Gehz. He obtained his PhD in physics from the University of California, San Diego, under supervision of Arthur Wolfe, in 2011.

## Career

Between 2011 and 2016 Rafelski held postdoc positions at IPAC, Caltech, and NASA Goddard, moving on to a staff position at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore in 2016. Starting in 2020, he is the branch manager for the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS), a science instrument that was installed on the Hubble Space Telescope during Servicing Mission 4 (STS-125) in May 2009.
Rafelski studies the formation and evolution of galaxies by looking at the physical characteristics and processes of high redshift galaxies and their associated gas reservoirs, inflows, and outflows. He started publishing already as an undergraduate student, both in astronomy and heavy-ion physics. Since then he has co-authored more than 200 scientific papers.

## Personal life

Marc Rafelski is son of Johann and Helga Rafelski, and adoptive son of Victoria Grossack. He is married to Lauren Anne Elmegreen Rafelski. The couple has two children and lives in Maryland.
# Long Thanh

Long Thành, tỉnh Đồng Nai may refer to several places in Vietnam, including:

## Long Thành

* Long Thành District, a rural district of Đồng Nai Province
* Long Thành (township in Đồng Nai), a township and capital of Long Thành District
* Long Thành, Trà Vinh, a township and capital of Duyên Hải District
* Long Thành, Nghệ An, a rural commune of Yên Thành District

## Long Thạnh

* Long Thạnh, An Giang, a ward of Tân Châu, An Giang
* Long Thạnh, Bạc Liêu, a commune of Vĩnh Lợi District
* Long Thạnh, Hậu Giang, a commune of Phụng Hiệp District
* Long Thạnh, Kiên Giang, a commune of Giồng Riềng District
* Long Thạnh, Long An, a commune of Thủ Thừa District
# Belgaum North Lok Sabha constituency

Belgaum North Lok Sabha constituency was a Lok Sabha constituency in Bombay State. This seat came into existence in 1951. With the implementation of States Reorganisation Act, 1956, it ceased to exist.

## Assembly segments

Belgaum North Lok Sabha constituency comprised the following six Legislative Assembly segments:
* Athani
* Chikodi Raibagh
* Athani Chikodi
* Chikodi (2 Seats)
* Hukeri
* Konnur
After Belgaum district of erstwhile Bombay State got merged with Mysore State in 1956, this seat ceased to exist and was replaced by Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Parliament

* 1952: Balavantrao Nagesharao Datar, Indian National Congress
* 1957 onwards: Constituency does not exist. See a) Chikkodi Lok Sabha constituency, and b) Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency
# KulturNav

KulturNav is a Norwegian cloud-based software service, allowing users to create, manage and distribute name authorities and terminology, focusing on the needs of museums and other cultural heritage institutions. The software is developed by KulturIT ANS and the development project is funded by the Arts Council Norway.
KulturNav is designed to enhance access to heritage information in archives, libraries and museums, working across institutions with common metadata. Thus many institutions can collaborate to build up a list of standard naming and terminology. The metadata is published as linked open data (LOD), which can be linked further against other LOD resources. The application programming interface (API) currently supports HTTP GET requests to read data. API calls are currently not authenticated or authorized. This means that the system returns only published content that is readable by any user. The system was developed within Play Framework together with Solr and jQuery.
The company KulturIT, launched in 2013, is owned by five Norwegian and one Swedish museum. It is a non-profit organisation with all surplus going to development.
The website was launched on 20 January 2015 and is currently being used by approximately 130 museums in Norway, Sweden and Åland. In March 2015 the Swedish national register of photography was in the process of being transferred to the KulturNav site. A register of Swedish architects is also available through Kulturnav.
# Bende Velin

Bende Velin (born 5 September 1934) is a Danish diver. She competed in the women's 10 metre platform event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Gerald Blake (director)

Gerald Blake (3 December 1928 – 5 April 1991) was a British television director who worked in drama from the 1960s to the 1980s.
His numerous credits include The Gentle Touch, The Omega Factor (the episode "After-Image"), Blake's 7 (the episodes "The Harvest of Kairos" (1980) and "Death-Watch" (1980) from the third series), Survivors (three episodes from the first series), The Onedin Line, Out of the Unknown, Doctor Who (the stories The Abominable Snowmen (1967) and The Invasion of Time (1978)), Dr. Finlay's Casebook, Compact, Z-Cars, Mr. Palfrey of Westminster, and Coronation Street.
# Donal O'Brien (footballer)

Donal O'Brien (born 6 May 1968) is an Irish former footballer.

## Early life

O'Brien was born in 1968 in the Donaghmede, where he grew up.

## Career

In 1990, O'Brien signed for Northern Irish side Derry City. In 1993, he was sent on loan to Australian side Wollongong Wolves. In 1994, he signed for Northern Irish side Glentoran. In 1995, he signed for Northern Irish side Crusaders. In 1997, he signed for Irish side Finn Harps. In 1999, he signed for Northern Irish side Glenavon. In 2000, he signed for Northern Irish side Ards. In 2002, he returned to Irish side Finn Harps.

## Style of play

O'Brien mainly operated as a striker.

## Personal life

After retiring from professional football, O'Brien worked as a youth worker. He has lived in the United States.
# 1960 Blyth by-election

The 1960 Blyth by-election was held in the constituency of Blyth, now Blyth Valley, on 24 November 1960, following the appointment of Alfred Robens, who had served as Member of Parliament since the constituency's establishment in 1950, as chair of the National Coal Board.
Three candidates stood: Eddie Milne of the Labour Party, Dennis Walters MBE for the Conservatives and Mr. C. Pym as an independent. The seat was considered a safe Labour hold, Robens having won the seat in the 1959 general election with a majority of 25,000.
This proved to be the case, and Milne was elected with a reduced majority of 16,072 over the other two candidates. He would serve as MP for Blyth until 1974.

## Result

Polling took place on 24 November 1960.
Blyth by-election, 1960 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Eddie Milne | 23,438 | 68.9 | −5.7 |
| | Conservative | Dennis Walters | 7,366 | 21.6 | −3.8 |
| | Independent | C. Pym | 3,223 | 9.5 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 16,072 | 47.3 | −1.9 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 34,027 | | |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | | |
# Yanenko

Yanenko (Cyrillic: Яненко) is a Ukrainian gender-neutral surname that may refer to the following notable people:
* Efrosinia Yanenko-Khmelnytska (died 1684), ancient First Lady of Ukraine
* Nikolai Yanenko (1921–1984), Soviet mathematician
# Quartararo

Quartararo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fabio Quartararo (born 1999), French motorcycle rider
* Phil Quartararo (1956-2023), American music industry executive
* Riccardo Quartararo (1443–1506), Italian painter of the Renaissance period
# Long Term Irrigation Fund

The Long Term Irrigation Fund (LTIF) is a fund under the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) for implementation of major and medium irrigation projects in India.

## Operations

It was announced by Union Finance Minister, Arun Jaitley during the Union Budget Speech 2016-17 with an initial corpus of Rs. 20,000 crore. In the 2017-18 budget, another Rs. 20,000 were allocated. In addition, Rs. 5,000 crore were allocated for encouraging micro irrigation.
During 2016-17, the LTIF sanctioned Rs. 49,889.60 crore and released Rs.9,086.03 crore.
In 2018, NABARD sanctioned 12,773 crore to Maharashtra for 26 projects.
The LTIF has identified 99 projects to fund in 18 states. In addition, it funds the Polavaram National Project in Andhra Pradesh and North Koel Reservoir Project in Bihar and Jharkhand.
# Webequie Airport

Webequie Airport (IATA: YWP, ICAO: CYWP) is located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) south southwest of the First Nations community of Webequie, Ontario, Canada.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| North Star Air | Fort Hope/Eabametoong, Neskantaga, Thunder Bay |
| Wasaya Airways | Fort Hope/Eabametoong, Kasabonika Lake, Pickle Lake, Sioux Lookout, Summer Beaver/Nibinamik |
# Kumanova

Kumanova may refer to one of the following
* A Bulgarian surname, the feminine form from "Kumanov"
** Ahinora Kumanova, a Bulgarian-German singer
* Albanian name for Kumanovo, a city in the Republic of Macedonia
# Oasis International Foundation

The Oasis International Foundation is an interfaith foundation established in 2004. It was based on an idea of Cardinal Angelo Scola to promote mutual knowledge and understanding between Christians and Muslims, with special focus on the reality of Christian minorities in predominantly Muslim countries. Oasis relies on a network of international contacts. In addition to Cardinal Scola its Promotional Committee includes Patriarch Bechara Boutros al-Rahi (Lebanon), Cardinals Philippe Barbarin (Lyon), Josip Bozanic (Zagreb), Péter Erdő (Budapest), Christoph Schönborn (Vienna), Patriarch Fouad Twal (Jerusalem) and Bishops Camillo Ballin (Kuwait), Mounged El-Hachem (Nuncio in Kuwait), Paul Hinder (Emirates), Jean-Clément Jeanbart (Alep), Maroun Lahham (Tunis), Anthony Lobo (Islamabad), Francisco Javier Martínez (Granada) and Joseph Powathil (Changanacherry). The scientific committee includes Islam experts, philosophers, sociologists, historians and legal experts.

## Resources

Oasis is part of the Studium Generale Marcianum, the educational-academic department of the Patriarchate of Venice. Over the years it has developed a variety of resources:
* A journal also called Oasis that is published twice a year in four bilingual editions: Italian-Arabic, English-Arabic, French-Arabic and English-Urdu. In print since 2005, it is available by subscription in Italy but can be purchased in selected bookstores.
* A website which offers weekly Arabic translations of the Pope's catecheses.
* A monthly newsletter
* Two book series, a scientific series and one for the general public, published by Marcianum Press; among the books published: La promessa (The Promise) by Card Jean-Marie Lustiger; Cristiani e musulmani, fratelli davanti a Dio? (Christian and Muslims, Brothers in the Eyes of God?), by Father Christian Van Nispen; and Dove guarda l'Indonesia?. Cristiani e musulmani nel paese del sorriso (Whither Indonesia? Christians and Muslims in the Land of Smiles), by Maria Laura Conte, winner of the 2006 Premio Capri (Capri Prize), in the current affairs section. Meticciato. Convivenza o confusione? (Métissage. Coexistence or confusion?),Paolo Gomarasca, 2009.

## Research areas

Oasis’ main areas of research are: cultural and civilisational métissage, a notion that seeks to explain the ongoing process of mixing of cultures and spiritual experiences; the cultural heritage of Eastern Christian minorities; the various grassroots forms of Islam as expressions of a type of religiosity that is truly indispensable to understand Muslim societies, past and present; religious freedom seen from a legal perspective but also as a privileged path to grasp the theoretical connection between truth and freedom. For Oasis, bearing witness is a decisive notion in interfaith dialogue when understood as an adequate means to access the truth.
Oasis is based in Venice and was presented to UNESCO in Paris (2005) and the United Nations (2007). The Centre organises each year a plenary meeting, alternating between Venice (2005, 2007 and 2009) and a location in a predominantly Muslim country, Cairo (2006) and Amman (2008).
# Bewoor

Bewoor is a village in the Yelburga taluk of Koppal district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Bewoor is 27 km from District Headquarters Koppal and lies on Koppal-Kushtagi road. Bewoor contributed many heroes for freedom fighter of India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Bewoor had a population of 4,207 with 2,170 males and 2,127 females and 722 Households.
# Dominique Frassati

Dominique Frassati (29 March 1896, Corte – 10 July 1947, Corte) was a French-Corsican painter, known for genre scenes and landscapes. He was originally self-taught; taking his first formal lessons at the age of thirty-two.

## Biography

At the age of eighteen, when World War I began, he enlisted in the Army. While on the front lines, he was gassed, which damaged his lungs and made him nearly blind. After the war his uncle, Santos Manfredi [fr], a wealthy landowner and philanthropist, brought him to Argentina, where he received treatment to restore his sight.
His uncle planned to entrust him with the management of a large agricultural estate, but he chose to return to France in 1920. He initially settled in Paris, then went back to Corte in 1923, where he created decorations for shop windows and designed posters for sporting events.
In 1923, he moved to North Africa. He would live in Oran for five years, painting portraits, landscapes and street scenes. In 1928, he once again went to Paris, where he enrolled at the Académie Julian. From 1929 to 1930, he worked in the studios of Paul Albert Laurens. While there, he married Élise Ansidei.
He returned to Corsica in 1934 and settled in Ajaccio. Two year later, he was appointed Deputy Curator at the Musée Fesch. When the Curator, François Corbellini (1863–1943), retired in 1937, Frassati took his place. The following year, he became general Curator of all the museums in Ajaccio.
A street in Ajaccio has been named after him. In addition to the Musée Fesch, his works may be seen at the Ahmed Zabana National Museum.
One of his pieces, Ajaccio, the docks, sold at auction for US$1,771 in 2020.
# Delan

Delan is a mixed-use locality in the Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Delan had a population of 323 people.

## Geography

The land use is a mixture of rural residential housing and agriculture, which is a mixture of grazing on native vegetation and crop growing.

## History

The locality takes its name from the railway station name assigned by the Queensland Railways Department on 6 January 1921 and is an Aboriginal word meaning possum.
Woodbine State School opened on 16 October 1922. It was renamed Berrembea State School in 1924. It closed in 1967. It was at 559 Berrembea Road (25°01′39″S 152°02′26″E﻿ / ﻿25.02739°S 152.04050°E﻿ / -25.02739; 152.04050﻿ (Berrembea State School (former))).

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Delan had a population of 299 people.
In the 2021 census, Delan had a population of 323 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Delan. The nearest government primary schools are:
* Bullyard State School in neighbouring Bullyard to the north
* Maroondan State School in neighbouring Maroondan to the north-west
* McIlwraith State School in neighbouring McIlwraith to the west
* Wallaville State School in Wallaville to the south-west
The nearest government secondary school is Gin Gin State High School in Gin Gin to the west.