OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 130th Regiment of Foot

The 130th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, created in 1794. After being raised it was sent to the West Indies, where it suffered heavy losses from tropical disease. The unit was disbanded at Santo Domingo in 1796, with the survivors drafted into other regiments.

## Background

The 130th Regiment of Foot was raised as part of a rapid expansion of the British Army from 1793 as a reaction to the French Revolutionary Wars, which had begun in 1792. More than 40 regiments of foot and cavalry were added to the establishment; many of these units were short lived. British Army regiments are given a number, according to the seniority in which they were raised, but the numbering of these units is somewhat erratic. The supposedly junior 131st Regiment of Foot was accepted onto the Army List a full 18 months before the 130th Regiment. This probably represents differences in the speed of recruitment to individual regiments (units were not accepted onto the list until they had reached a certain "establishment" strength). The naming of the new units is also varied. Some were granted formal names but others were known by their commander's names or by number alone. Most of the new regiments disbanded by 1797.

## History

In 1794 Captain George Pigot, formerly of the 38th Regiment of Foot was promised promotion to lieutenant-colonel—and command of the new 130th Regiment of Foot if he could recruit the men to establish the unit. The 130th Regiment of Foot was formed at Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, in 1794 and was titled the "Loyal Staffordshire Volunteers". It was also known as "Pigot's" or "Meyrick's" Regiment. Pigot was appointed to command the 130th Regiment on 21 March 1795 and the unit was entered onto the Army List on 12 June.
The 130th Regiment was posted to the West Indies in 1795, at a time when the British were fighting the Second Maroon War against the revolt of the Jamaican Maroons. The unit suffered badly from tropical disease. It numbered 166 fit men at Santo Domingo in November but by December numbered only 7 men fit and 11 sick. The regiment was disbanded at Santo Domingo in 1796 by drafting the survivors into other units. Shoulder belt plates bearing the insignia of the Stafford Knot and the inscription "Loyal Staffordshire Volunteers" found in Dominica and Haiti and sometimes identified as belonging to the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers), are instead probably associated with the 130th Regiment. Colonel Pigot was placed on half pay and afterwards rose, by a series of brevet promotions, to the rank of general.
# Richard Matthews

Richard Matthews may refer to:
* Richard Matthews (soldier), general with the East India Company
* Richard Matthews (microbiologist) (1921–1995), New Zealand plant virologist
* Richard Matthews (cricketer) (born 1950), New Zealand cricketer
* Richard Matthews (filmmaker) (1952–2013), South African wildlife filmmaker
* Richard Matthews (Maryland), candidate for congress in Maryland
# Derrick Lonsdale

Derrick Lonsdale (April 22, 1924 – May 2, 2024) was a British-born American pediatrician and researcher into the benefits of certain nutrients in preventing disease and psychotic behavior. He was a Fellow of the American College of Nutrition (FACN), and also a Fellow of the American College for Advancement in Medicine (FACAM).
Lonsdale is known for his research into thiamine and his controversial theory that thiamine deficiency is widespread among Americans and predictive of anti-social behavior.

## Positions

Lonsdale was a practitioner in pediatrics at the Cleveland Clinic for 20 years. He became Head of the Section of Biochemical Genetics at the Clinic.
In 1982, Lonsdale retired from the Cleveland Clinic and joined the Preventive Medicine Group to specialize in nutrient-based therapy.
Lonsdale was also on the Scientific Research Advisory Committee of the American College for Advancement in Medicine and was an editor of their Journal.

## Research work

Lonsdale hypothesized that healing comes from the body itself rather than from external medical interventions.
Lonsdale studied the use of nutrients to prevent diseases. He was particularly interested in Vitamin B$_1$, also known as thiamine. The World Health Organisation have cited three of Lonsdale's thiamine deficiency papers on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Lonsdale spoke at orthomolecular medicine conferences.

### Autism

Lonsdale led an uncontrolled study on the treatment of autistic children with thiamine. He also led a study (uncontrolled) of secretin, which he and Shamberger say led to an improvement in behaviour and bowel control of autistic children in his study. Both of these studies are controversial because they link nutrition with autism.
Analysing the findings in the latter study, autism researchers say that while secretin may have "affect[ed] gastrointestinal function, [which] may have influenced bowel function that in turn limited the discomfort children feel, but this does not constitute a substantial behavioural change".

### Child violence

In 2002 Lonsdale caused controversy when he linked child violence (children killing other children) to dietary deficiencies rather than the accepted social causes. Lonsdale put this down to 'high calorie malnutrition' where children overeat high calories foods that lack vital nutrients resulting in an upset to 'brain balance'. He pointed the finger at a range of 'normal' foods as well as generally accepted junk foods.

## Personal life and death

Lonsdale was born on April 22, 1924, in The Fylde, Lancashire, England, to Edward and Kate Lonsdale. He turned 100 on April 22, 2024, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 2, 2024.

## Books

Lonsdale has written several books, including:
* A Nutritionist's Guide to the Clinical use of Vitamin B-1.
* Why I Left Orthodox Medicine: Healing for the 21st Century
* Free Oxygen Radicals and Disease
* A Nutritional Approach to a Revised Model for Medicine: Is Modern Medicine Helping You?
* Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia, and High Calorie Malnutrition
# Desolation Sounds

Desolation Sounds is the fourth album by English hardcore punk band Gallows and the second full-length to feature vocalist Wade MacNeil, who replaced original frontman Frank Carter in August 2011.
The album is a departure from Gallows' fast-paced hardcore punk style, incorporating more post-punk and gothic rock influences.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 74/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Kerrang! | |
| Exclaim! | |
| Q | |
| NME | |
| Drowned in Sound | |
The album received generally positive reviews.

## Personnel

* Wade Macneil – lead vocals
* Laurent "Lags" Barnard – guitar, backing vocals, keyboards
* Stuart Gili-Ross – bass, backing vocals
* Lee Barratt – drums, percussion
# 1368 in China

The following occurred in 1368 in China.

## Incumbents

* Yuan dynasty – Ukhaghatu Khan Toghon Temür (Emperor Shun)
* Ming dynasty – Hongwu Emperor (1st year)

## Events

* 23 January – Zhu Yuanzhang claims the Mandate of Heaven and establishes the Ming dynasty, becoming Hongwu Emperor.
* Zhu sends an army toward the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing).
# 1368 in France

This article lists events related to France in the year 1368.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles V

## Events

* A royal library was founded at the Louvre Palace by Charles V in 1368. The Bibliothèque nationale de France traces its origin to this library.

## Births

* 3 December – Charles VI of France (died 1422).

## Deaths
### Full date missing

* Guy de Chauliac, physician and surgeon (born c. 1300)
# Yoshida (disambiguation)

Yoshida is a Japanese surname.
Yoshida may also refer to:

## Places

* Yoshida District, Fukui, a district, consisted of Eiheiji, Fukui
* Yoshida, Ehime, a former town, merged to and currently a part of Uwajima, Ehime
* Yoshida, Hiroshima, a former town, merged to and currently a part of Akitakata, Hiroshima
* Yoshida, Kagoshima, a former town, merged to and currently a part of Kagoshima, Kagoshima
* Yoshida, Niigata, a former town, merged to and currently a part of Tsubame, Niigata
* Yoshida, Saitama, a former town, merged to and currently a part of Chichibu, Saitama
* Yoshida, Shimane, a former village, merged to and currently a part of Unnan, Shimane
* Yoshida, Shizuoka, a town in Shizuoka Prefecture
* Yoshida dormitory, Kyoto University (the oldest & self-governing student house in Japan)

## Other uses

* Yoshida Shrine, a Shinto shrine in Kyoto
# Yousif Ghafari

Yousif Boutrous Ghafari (sometimes Youssef B. Ghafari, born September 27, 1952) is an American businessman of Lebanese birth, owner of architectural firm Ghafari Associates LLC, former United States Ambassador to Slovenia. During the Senate confirmation hearings, then-Senator Barack Obama called Ghafari "an immigrant who has truly lived the American dream."
Born in Alma El-Chaab, Lebanon, "in a home with no electricity, phone or running water," Ghafari moved to the United States in 1972. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics in 1974, a Master of Arts in Applied Mathematics and Computer Applications in 1975, and a Master of Science in Chemical Engineering in 1977, from Wayne State University.
In 2004 and 2005, Ghafari was a public delegate to the United Nations General Assembly.
His alma mater named one of its residence halls in his honor after he donated $9 million to the school. The school gave him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree on May 3, 2008. He was notified of the degree the same week the Senate confirmed his ambassadorship.
A significant donor to the Republican party, Ghafari is considered one of "the active, vocal and successful Republican leaders of the Michigan Arab-American community."
On May 25, 2008, Ghafari presented his diplomatic credentials to Dimitrij Rupel in Ljubljana. He was received by Slovenian President Danilo Türk on May 29. He climbed Mount Triglav, making him "an honorary Slovenian." On January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was sworn in as U. S. President, Ghafari's term ended.
# Acanthophysium

Acanthophysium is a genus of fungi in the Stereaceae family. The widespread genus, which contains about 20 species, was circumscribed by New Zealand mycologist Gordon Herriot Cunningham in 1963.

## Species

* Acanthophysium apricans
* Acanthophysium bertii
* Acanthophysium bisporum
* Acanthophysium buxicola
* Acanthophysium tsugae
# Desmond Hutchinson

John Desmond Hutchinson (27 February 1917 – 11 January 1995 ) was a Church of Ireland clergyman who was Archdeacon of Cloyne from 1965 until 1967, and then of Cork from 1972 until 1986.
Hutchinson was born in South Dublin. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and ordained in 1946. After a curacy in Maryborough, he was a chaplain to the Mission to Seamen in Trinidad. He held incumbencies at Rathcormac, Clonmel, Kerricurrihy, Blackrock and Moviddy.
In 1995, he was killed in an auto collision, along with Canon Leslie Clarke and his wife, Phyllis Clarke, while returning from a funeral. Hutchinson's wife, Olive, who had been driving, suffered minor injuries when their car collided with a lorry at the junction to Innishannon Bridge over the River Bandon in County Cork.
# You Better Keep It on Your Mind

"You Better Keep It on Your Mind" is a song by Hank Williams. It was composed by Williams and Vic McAlpin and released as a posthumous single by Williams in 1954 on MGM Records. The B-side was "Low Down Blues." McAplin was a staff songwriter at Acuff-Rose and had made minor contributions to Hank's "Long Gone Lonesome Blues" while the pair went on a fishing trip. Thematically, "You Better Keep It on Your Mind" is similar to "You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)," with the narrator warning his significant other to take him seriously. The second voice on the recording is speculated to be Hank Snow.
# You Better Believe Me

You Better Believe Me is an album by the Ramsey Lewis Trio, featuring vocalist Jean DuShon on six tracks, which was recorded in late 1964 and early 1965 and released on the Argo label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic awarded the album 2 stars.

## Track listing

* "You'd Better Believe Me" (Buddy Johnson) – 2:39
* "Who Can I Turn To? (Leslie Bricusse, Anthony Newley) – 2:48
* "Night Time" (Joe Bailey) – 2:45
* "Something You Got" (Chris Kenner) – 2:44
* "He Was Too Good to Me" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) – 3:26
* "Goodbye Lover, Hello Friend" (Norman Newell, Michael Carr) – 3:57
* "Corcovado (Quiet Nights)" (Antonio Carlos Jobim, Gene Lees) – 3:00
* "Ain't Nobody's Business" (William York) – 3:23
* "Let It Be Me" (Gilbert Bécaud, Pierre Delanoë, Manny Curtis) – 3:12
* "It Had Better Be Tonight" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer, Franco Migliacci) – 2:57
* "My Coloring Book" (John Kander, Fred Ebb) – 4:05
* "I'm Beginning to See the Light" (Johnny Hodges, Don George, Duke Ellington, Harry James) – 3:04

## Personnel

* Ramsey Lewis – piano
* Eldee Young – bass, cello
* Issac "Red" Holt – drums
* Jean DuShon – vocals (tracks 1–6)
* Ronald Wilson – alto saxophone, flute (tracks 1–6)
* Roland Faulkner – guitar (tracks 1–6)
* Cleveland Eaton – bass (track 12)
# Acharpura

Acharpura is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Huzur tehsil and the Phanda block.
In the 2000s, the Government of Madhya Pradesh made attempts to develop the area into a "Special Education Zone", but did not attract much interest from the investors. In 2008, the Government allocated 110 acres to Anil Ambani's Dhirubhai Ambani Memorial Trust (DAMT) for a private university, but the Trust abandoned the project in 2015.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Acharpura has 196 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 62.04%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 994 | 548 | 446 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 143 | 69 | 74 |
| Scheduled caste | 172 | 95 | 77 |
| Scheduled tribe | 136 | 71 | 65 |
| Literates | 528 | 350 | 178 |
| Workers (all) | 364 | 279 | 85 |
| Main workers (total) | 336 | 278 | 58 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 159 | 157 | 2 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 80 | 45 | 35 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 97 | 76 | 21 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 28 | 1 | 27 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 13 | 1 | 12 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| Non-workers | 630 | 269 | 361 |
# Acer granatense

Acer granatense, the Spanish maple, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Acer, native to southern and eastern Spain, including the Mallorca in the Balearic islands, and the Rif mountains of Morocco. Considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of the Italian maple, Acer opalus subsp. granatense, it is often found growing on cliffs and crevices in mountainous areas. It grows from 190 and 2,000 meters elevation, often on north-facing slopes where it is sheltered from the effects of the Mediterranean climate summer droughts. It is often associated with Abies pinsapo, Quercus spp., Berberis vulgaris subsp. australis, Crataegus laciniata, and Juniperus oxycedrus.
# Acanthoderes satanas

Acanthoderes satanas is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1880.
# Richfield, Pennsylvania

Richfield is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Juniata and Snyder counties in Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 549 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Richfield is located in eastern Juniata County and southern Snyder County at 40°41′18″N 77°6′43″W﻿ / ﻿40.68833°N 77.11194°W﻿ / 40.68833; -77.11194 (40.688365, -77.111816). The bulk of the community is in the northern part of Monroe Township, Juniata County, but part lies to the north in the southern part of West Perry Township, Snyder County. The township and county line follows the West Branch of Mahantango Creek, which runs from west to east, north of the center of town.
Pennsylvania Route 35 is the main road through the community, leading northeast 15 miles (24 km) to Selinsgrove and southwest 17 miles (27 km) to Mifflintown, the Juniata county seat.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Richfield CDP has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.0 km$^2$), of which 1.3 acres (5,176 m$^2$), or 0.17%, are water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 459 people, 160 households, and 123 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 548.1 inhabitants per square mile (211.6/km$^2$). There were 177 housing units at an average density of 211.3 per square mile (81.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.47% White, 0.22% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.
There were 160 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.3% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 21.4% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 25.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,333, and the median income for a family was $39,375. Males had a median income of $29,750 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,555. About 5.8% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.
* Postcard/picture of Unknown African family in front of home, Richfield Pa 1890s
* United Methodist Church
* United Church of Christ
* St. Johns Lutheran
# Yolcular, Bitlis

Yolcular is a village in the Bitlis District of Bitlis Province in Turkey. Its population is 448 (2021).
# Yolcupınarı, Savaştepe

Yolcupınarı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Savaştepe, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 65 (2022).
# Yolcupınar, Sındırgı

Yolcupınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sındırgı, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 106 (2022).
# Acarodynerus spectrum

Acarodynerus spectrum is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae. It was described by Giordani Soika in 1962.
# Acid attack (disambiguation)

Acid attack usually refers to acid throwing, a form of violent assault.
Acid attack may also refer to:
* Acid erosion to teeth, caused by bacterial acid; see also tooth decay
* Harmful effects of acidic soils to aquatic ecosystems and concrete infrastructure
# Achhnera

Achhnera, (alternate spelling: Achnera) is a town and a municipal board in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## History

There are multiple theories regarding the foundation of Achhnera. According to one, it was founded by Achhnidhar Jats in 1250 AD, while according to another it was founded by Anangpal Tomar of the Tomara dynasty. In 1738 AD, King Suraj Mal of Bharatpur gave the jagir of Achhnera and 23 villages to his son-in-law. Achhnera also served as the headquarter of a pargana during Jat rule.

## Geography

Achhnera is located at 27°11′N 77°46′E﻿ / ﻿27.18°N 77.77°E﻿ / 27.18; 77.77. It has an average elevation of 167 metres (547 feet). It is famous for its cultural values; people of different religions live here. There are many temples which have historic values. Achhnera comes under Tehsil Kiraoli. It is reachable through Agra Jaipur Highway. The city is connected by rail to Agra, Jaipur, Kanpur and Mathura.
The temperature in Achhnera is typical of northern India, with cold nights in winter and heat waves in summer. In winter the temperature drops to 1–2 °C and in summer it rises to 45–47 °C. Rain is always good.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Achhnera had a population of 22,781, of which males were 12,117 and females were 10,664. Achhnera has an average literacy rate of 58.7%, with 65.8% of the males and 50.7% of females literate. Population in the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,313. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population were 4,890 and 6 respectively. Achhnera had 3665 households as of 2011.

## Employment

There are few opportunities of employment in Achnera. People travel to nearby cities like Agra, Mathura, Bharatpur for employment. Achnera is surrounded by villages and the economy mainly depends on agriculture. The agricultural production depends on the weather, rains on proper time.
# Acmaeodera disjuncta

Acmaeodera disjuncta is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Acmaeodera depressa

Acmaeodera depressa is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in North America.
# Derde, Maharashtra

Derde is a small village in Dapoli taluka Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra state in Western India. The 2011 Census of India recorded a total of 486 residents in the village. Derde's geographical area is 199 hectares (490 acres).
# Ridiculously Resilient Ridge

The "Ridiculously Resilient Ridge", sometimes shortened to "Triple R" or "RRR", is the nickname given to a persistent anticyclone that occurred over the far northeastern Pacific Ocean, contributing to the 2011–2017 California drought. The "Ridiculously Resilient Ridge" nickname was originally coined in December 2013 by Daniel Swain on the Weather West Blog, but has since been used widely in popular media as well as in peer-reviewed scientific literature.

## Features

The Ridiculously Resilient Ridge was characterized by a broad region of anomalously positive geopotential height on monthly to annual timescales. This persistent high pressure system acted to "block" the prevailing mid-latitude westerlies, shifting the storm track northward and suppressing extratropical cyclone (winter storm) activity along the West Coast of the United States. Such a pattern is similar to—but of greater magnitude and longevity than—atmospheric configurations noted during previous California droughts.

## Associations

This anomalous atmospheric feature disrupted the North Pacific storm track during the winters of 2012–13, 2013–14, and 2014–15, resulting in extremely dry and warm conditions in California and along much of the West Coast. The Ridge comprised the western half of a well-defined atmospheric ridge-trough sequence associated with an unusually amplified "North American winter dipole" pattern, which brought persistent anomalous cold and precipitation to the eastern half of North America in addition to record-breaking warmth and drought conditions in California.
This ridge of high pressure was also associated with a blob of high water temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, which resulted in substantial warming along the western coast of North America as well as adverse ecological impacts. However, it is generally thought that "The Blob" of warm ocean water was caused by the persistence of the ridge and subsequent reduction in vertical ocean mixing due to storms, rather than the reverse. On the other hand, recent research suggests that unusual oceanic warmth in the western tropical Pacific Ocean may have played a role in triggering and maintaining the Triple R over successive seasons. High amplitude atmospheric ridge patterns similar to the Triple R have occurred more frequently in recent decades and there is evidence that the occurrence of persistent North Pacific geopotential height anomalies and anomalously dry California winters, will increase due to global warming, although uncertainty remains regarding the magnitude of these future changes.