OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield

Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield (1584 – 12 September 1656) was an English nobleman, aristocrat and royalist, who was created the first Earl of Chesterfield by King Charles I in 1628.

## Biography

Stanhope was the only son of Sir John Stanhope of Shelford, Nottinghamshire by his first wife, Cordell Allington, but was raised by his father's second wife, Catherine Trentham (d. 1621).
Stanhope was knighted in 1605 by James I. On 7 November 1616, he was created Baron Stanhope and was further elevated as Earl of Chesterfield on 4 August 1628.
Leading up to the English Civil War, Chesterfield was summoned to Parliament in 1640 and took the side of King Charles I in the threatening conflict. When the conflict broke out he and his sons took up arms. Shelford Manor, his home in Nottinghamshire, was garrisoned under the command of his son Philip. The house was attacked and his son lost his life defending it on 3 November 1645. The Parliamentarian army took the house and burnt it to the ground.
Chesterfield, with an army of some 300 gentlemen and supporters sometime earlier had taken Lichfield for the King. They were attacked by a force led by Sir John Gell and Lord Brooke with 200 men and cannon. Lord Brooke was killed in the encounter on 2 March 1643. Chesterfield's forces were forced to surrender and were made prisoner. Chesterfield himself was imprisoned and held on parole at his house in Covent Garden in lieu of being committed to the Tower of London. He died still in captivity on 12 September 1656, some three and a half years before the Restoration in 1660.

## Family

In 1604, Stanhope married Catherine Hastings (d. 1636), daughter of Francis Hastings, Lord Hastings. According to Sir Egerton Brydges pp. 23, Catherine and Philip had eleven sons and two daughters:
* John (bur. 27 July 1623)
* Henry Stanhope, Lord Stanhope (died 29 November 1634), the husband of Katherine Wotton, together the parents of Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield
* Charles (1607–1645)
* Edward (1607–1614)
* William (1608–1614)
* Thomas (died young)
* George (1610–1616)
* Ferdinando (d. 1643), married Lettice Ferrers and had issue. He was an M.P. and had three children
* Philip; commander of the Royalist garrison of Shelford Manor, killed when it was stormed on 3 November 1645;
* Sarah (d. May 1698), married Sir Richard Hoghton, 3rd Baronet
* Michael (1624–1648)
* Elizabeth, married Edward Darcy
* Arthur (1627–1694) M.P. for Nottingham from whom the fifth Earl and succeeding earls of Chesterfield descend
After the death of his first wife, he married Anne Packington, daughter of John Pakington (died 1625), with whom he had one son -
* Alexander (1638–1707), diplomat, who married Catherine Burghill and had children:
** Mary (c.1686 – 1762), who in turn married Viscount Fane
** James (1673–1721), a soldier-statesman and 1st Earl Stanhope
# RMN Newsletter

RMN Newsletter is a peer-reviewed and open access academic journal published on a bi-annual basis by the University of Helsinki’s Department of Folklore Studies. Published in both digital and print editions, RMN Newsletter covers topics relevant to folkloristics, linguistics, history, archaeology, and philology, especially in the areas of Germanic studies, Finno-Ugric studies, and Baltic studies. The publication places particular emphasis on what the journal refers to as "retrospective methods", a research method that compares material recorded in differing periods.
Since its inception in December 2010, the journal has been edited by Frog, a University of Helsinki docent. RMN Newsletter originated as a development of the Retrospective Methods Network, a coalition of academics who launched the journal at a conference for the organization, New Focus on Retrospective Methods (September 13–14, 2010).
# Gaspard Jean-Baptiste Brunet

Gaspard Jean-Baptiste Brunet (14 June 1734 – 15 November 1793) commanded the French Army of Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars and was executed during the Reign of Terror. Despite this fate his son Jean Baptiste Brunet also became a French general. From the minor nobility, he entered the French Royal Army as a gunner in 1755, transferred to an infantry unit and fought in the Seven Years' War. He received the Order of Saint-Louis and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1779.
He became maréchal de camp (general of brigade) in 1791 and served in the Army of Italy under Jacques Bernard d'Anselme in 1792. After a brief stint as interim army commander in the winter of 1792–93, he was promoted general of division and assumed the duties of commander-in-chief from May to August 1793. His defeat at Saorgio and the suspicions of the all-powerful representatives on mission caused him to be arrested, imprisoned and guillotined.
BRUNET is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 23.
# Winbert F. Mulholland

Winbert F. "Bert" Mulholland (August 27, 1883 - July 12, 1968) was an American Hall of Fame Thoroughbred horse racing trainer.
Born in Lexington, Kentucky, the American heartland for Thoroughbred horse breeding, Bert Mulholland began his career in racing as an exercise rider for his uncle, W. C. "Farmer Bill" Scully.
In 1923 Bert Mulholland became a foreman for the George D. Widener Jr. racing stable. He eventually became Jack Joyner's assistant trainer and in 1933 was made head trainer, a position in which he had considerable success. Racing primarily at tracks on the East Coast of the United States, among his successes he won the 1962 Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series, and through 2018 he holds the record for most wins in the prestigious Travers Stakes with five.
Champions trained by Bert Mulholland:
* High Fleet - American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly (1943)
* Platter - American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt (1943)
* Stefanita - American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly (1943)
* Battlefield - American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt (1950)
* Evening Out - American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly (1953)
* Jaipur - American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse (1962)
In 1967, Bert Mulholland was inducted in the United States' U.S. Racing Hall of Fame. A resident of Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania, he died at age eighty-four in 1968 at Germantown Hospital in Philadelphia.
# Geri Larkin

P'arang Geri Larkin, born Geraldine Kapp Willis, is founder and former head teacher of Still Point Zen Buddhist Temple, a Korean Chogye center in Detroit, Michigan. The name Geri Larkin is a pen name. She graduated from Barnard College in 1973. Larkin, daughter of a wealthy IBM executive, left her successful business life as a management consultant to enter a Buddhist seminary for three years, where she was ordained. When she left she sold her material possessions and bought a brick duplex in downtown Detroit which, with the help of local residents she cleaned up and turned into Still Point. Larkin's articulation of the concept of "right livelihood" was highly influential on Ann Perrault and Jackie Victor, two of her students who founded Avalon International Breads in Detroit in 1997. She has been a longtime columnist for Spirituality & Health magazine.
She currently resides in Eugene, Oregon.
# Lossa (Unstrut)

Lossa is a river of Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, Germany. It flows into the Unstrut in Leubingen.
# Westea

Westea is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis). A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Westea banksiae, which grows on Banksia trees in Australia. Described by South African botanist Haring Johannes 'Harry' Swart, it was originally collected from the leaves of Banksia integrifolia in Victoria.
# Nepenthes 'LeeAnn Marie'

Nepenthes 'LeeAnn Marie' is a cultivar of a manmade hybrid involving N. alata and N. ventricosa. It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar in 1982. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It is a later synonym of N. × ventrata and first appeared in print in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x “LeeAnn Marie”". Bednar and Bramblett listed its parentage as "ventricosa (green form) x ventrata G".
# 1661 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following is a list of events that occurred in the year 1661 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Frederick III

## Events

* January 10 – The decision to introduce absolute monarchy from the previous year enters into effect.
* January 12 – The State College proposes a comprehensive codification of Danish law, later resulting in the Danish Code of 1683.
* January – The Royal Horse Guards is founded. It is discontinued in 1866.
* February 14 – The Supreme Court of Denmark is established.
* April 16 – Joachim Gersdorff dies suddenly, giving rise to rumours that he has been poisoned. His wife Øllegaard Huitfeld and a maidservant are convicted of murder.
* April 24 – Auctions are first authorized in Copenhagen and an auction master is engaged.
* May 7 – A tax on marriage is introduced (the so-called kopulationspenge)
* June 4 – The so-called Demarcation Line around Copenhagen is introduced when it is prohibited to build in the zone between the city's Fortification Ring and The Lakes.
* June 24 – The Coat of arms of Copenhagen is granted to the city by the king in appraisal of its citizens' efforts in repelling the Swedish siege and attack on the city the previous year. An accompanying royal letter of privilege also introduced various privileges which, however remained of relatively minor importance. The city is also granted the fief Roskilde (Bidstrup estate).* September – Corfitz Ulfeldt and Leonora Christina are released from their imprisonment at Hammershus on the island of Bornholm.

### Undated

* Market towns are given a monopoly on trade and crafts.
* Møgeltønderhus is granted to Count Hans von Schack who demolishes most of it and builds the current Schackenborg Castle.
* Fort Frederiksborg is built on the Danish Gold Coast.

## Deaths

* April 19 – Joachim Gersdorff, Steward of the Realm (b. 1611)
# Pussycat c'est la vie

"Pussycat c'est la vie" is a single by the French band Anarchic System, released in 1974, from their first album.

## Track listing
### A-side

"Pussycat c'est la vie" (P de Senneville, O. Toussaint, J.L. Detry)

### B-side

"Rock and roll is good for you" (P. de Senneville, O. Toussaint)

## Personnel

Arrangements and musicians directed by Hervé Roy

## Distribution

for France : Delphine Records index catalog 64 007, Distribution Discodis
* This 1970s single–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Marian McGennis

Marian McGennis (born November 1953) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician.
A former civil servant, McGennis unsuccessfully contested the Dublin North constituency at the 1992 general election, and was then nominated to the 20th Seanad by Taoiseach Albert Reynolds, where she served from 1993 to 1997.
She first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin Central constituency at the 1997 general election. The constituency boundaries were changed before the 2002 general election and she instead contested the Dublin South-Central constituency which had gained an extra seat. However, she was not re-elected.
McGennnis was a member of Dublin County Council from 1985 to 1991, and of Fingal County Council from 1993 to 1998. She was elected to Dublin City Council 1999 as a councillor for Ballyfermot, but was defeated at the 2004 local elections.
She was educated at St Patrick's College, Maynooth.
# Nuray Lale

Nuray Lale (born 28 March 1962 in Akcurun) is a Turkish-German writer and translator.
She arrived to Germany thanks to family reunification and could study health sciences at the University of Bielefeld, with a postgraduate degree in psycho-pedagogy at the University of Düsseldorf.

## Works

* Düş sarayim (2004)
* Şirin Aydın: Içimde ufuklar / Horizonte in mir (Deutsche Übertragung, 2004)

## References and external links

* Literature by and about Nuray Lale in the German National Library catalogue
* This article about a Turkish writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about a German writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Köllerbach (Saar)

Köllerbach is a river of Saarland, Germany. It flows into the Saar in Völklingen.
# Canton of Saint-Dizier-2

The canton of Saint-Dizier-2 is an administrative division of the Haute-Marne department, northeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Dizier.
It consists of the following communes:
# Roy Smith (Australian politician)

Roy Anthony Smith (1953/54 – 31 July 2010) was an Australian politician, and a former manager of the New South Wales Sporting Shooters Association of Australia. He was a member of the Shooters Party, and at the 2007 state election was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council. Prior to entering politics, he worked as an electrical fitter. He attended Benedict College (Trinity Catholic College) in Sydney.
On 31 July 2010, Smith died in his sleep at his home in Werrington in Sydney's west, at age 56.
# Cache on a stick

COASt, an acronym for "cache on a stick", is a packaging standard for modules containing SRAM used as an L2 cache in a computer. COASt modules look like somewhat oversized SIMM modules. These modules were somewhat popular in the Apple and PC platforms during early to mid-1990s, but with newer computers cache is built into either the CPU or the motherboard. COASt modules decoupled the motherboard from its cache, allowing varying configurations to be created. A low-cost system could run with no cache, while a more expensive system could come equipped with 512 KB or more cache. Later COASt modules were equipped with pipelined-burst SRAM.
The standard was originally defined by Motorola to be between 4.33 and 4.36 inches (110 and 111 mm) wide, and between 1.12 and 1.16 inches (28 and 29 mm) high. It could be found in many Apple Macintosh in the early-to-mid-90s, but disappeared as the Mac moved to the PowerPC platform.
Intel also used the COASt standard for their Pentium systems, where it could be found as late as 1998 in Pentium MMX systems utilizing Intel chipsets such as 430VX and 430TX. Later, Intel combined this architecture with the CPU and created the Slot 1 CPU cartridge which contained both the CPU and separate cache chips.
The slot that the COASt module plugged into was named "CELP", or "card edge low profile", referring to the small circuit board and the conductors on its edge. It had 80 contacts on each side of a circuit board (for a total of 160), spaced 0.050" apart, plus an identification notch between contacts 42 and 43.

## Operation

COASt modules provided either 256K or 512K of direct-mapped cache, organized as 8192 or 16384 lines of 32 bytes. A 64-bit data bus allowed the cache line to be transferred in a 4-cycle burst.
The modules contained 256K or 512K of fast pipeline burst SRAM, plus 8 or 11 bits of even faster static RAM per line to store the cache tags. (The module provides pins for 11 lines, but many motherboards and modules provided only 8.) Some variants (illustrated to the right) placed the tag RAM on the motherboard and only the main cache RAM was on the module.
Consider the 256K module first. An 8-bit tag allows caching memory up to 256 times the cache size, or 64 MiB. An 11-bit tag supports up to 512 MiB. Each cache line also has a valid bit and a dirty bit, stored in the cache controller. (16 Kbits, or 2 Kbytes, total size.)
A 512K module contains twice as many cache lines, and so requires one fewer tag bit to support the same cacheable memory size. The leftover tag bit is instead used to store the cache line dirty bit, and all 16 Kbits in the cache controller are used for valid bits.
# Nepenthes 'Alba'

Nepenthes 'Alba' is a cultivar of a complex manmade hybrid involving N. maxima, N. mirabilis, N. northiana, N. rafflesiana, N. veitchii, and a plant identified as N. thorelii. It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett in 1990. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, and has a Latin epithet, violating Article 19.13. It is a synonym of N. × hareliana and was originally published in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x hareliana var. alba".
Other cultivars of the same cross include N. 'Boca Rose', N. 'Red Skeleton', N. 'Rouge', and N. 'Vittata'.
# Purple House

Purple House may refer to:
* George E. Purple House in LaGrange, Illinois
* Gilbert E. Purple House in Newark Valley, New York
* Purple House Press, a publishing company
* Purple House, a non-for-profit health organisation in Alice Springs, Australia
# RMS Aurania (1916)

RMS Aurania was an ocean liner owned by the Cunard Line. She was built in 1916 at Wallsend and measured 13,936 gross register tons.
The Aurania was the last of three ships planned to serve between Canada and Europe. Her sister ships were the Andania and Alaunia. Although ordered in December 1913, because of the First World War, she was not completed until 1916.
The Aurania was launched on 16 July 1916 and was immediately fitted out as a troopship. She made her maiden voyage from the Tyne to New York on 28 March 1917 and on her return sailed to Liverpool. The ship remained on hire to the British Government for the remainder of her career and was used exclusively on the North Atlantic, primarily moving troops and supplies. On 3 February 1918, she left Liverpool and was routed around the coast of Northern Ireland, bound for New York. On the following morning, she was some 15 miles north-west of Inistrahull, off the coast of County Donegal, when she was hit by a torpedo from German submarine UB-67. Nine crew members were killed in the explosion. A trawler took the ship in tow but she became stranded near Tobermory on the Isle of Mull, Scotland. Rough seas soon broke Aurania up and she was declared a total loss.
# Gates Family Foundation

The Gates Family Foundation is one of the largest philanthropic organizations in Colorado, based in Denver.

## Background

Founded in 1946, the Foundation currently has net assets of approximately $500 million. In 2007, the Foundation paid roughly $20 million in grants, all of which went to Colorado recipients.
The source of the original endowment is the Gates Rubber Company of Denver, Colorado.
The Foundation is well known in Denver, for example including the Gates Planetarium at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science.
In May 2022, The Gates Family Foundation announced a $200 million donation and collaboration project with the University of Colorado Anschutz. The Donation is to establish a medical research institute at the university’s Anschutz Medical Campus and is to be funded over five years by the Gates Family Foundation.

## Assets and funding details

As of 2018 the Gates Family Foundation had assets of $361,589,256.
# Canton of Saint-Denis-2, Seine-Saint-Denis

The canton of Saint-Denis-2 is an administrative division of the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the Île-de-France region, northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Denis.
It consists of the following communes:
* Saint-Denis (partly)
* Stains
# Pseudonebularia damasomonteiroi

Pseudonebularia damasomonteiroi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.
# Foel Cwm Sian Llŵyd

Foel Cwm Sian Llŵyd is a subsidiary summit of Cyrniau Nod in north east Wales. It forms a part of the Berwyn range known as the Hirnantau. Its summit has the Snowdonia National Park boundary running through it, and is the most easterly 2000 ft summit in the park.
The views from the summit are extensive, if unremarkable due to the featureless, flat moorland surroundings. The summit is marked by a trig point. At the northern end of the summit area lies a ruined stone tower.
# Oktyabrsky Speedway

Oktyabrsky Speedway is a motorcycle speedway team based in Oktyabrsky, Bashkortostan and who race in the Russian Speedway Championship.

## Stadium

The Neftyanik Stadium, has a capacity of 7,000 spectators and opened on 25 August 1962. It is located at Gorodskoy Park on Komsomol'skaya Ulitsa, 206.

## History

The club began life in 1963 as a collaboration between the two Bashkortostan cities of Oktyabrsky and Ufa. The team known as Devon Ufa Oktyabrsky was formed by R. Yulbarisov, M. Vorsin and U. Gilyazetdinov and competed in the second season of the Soviet Union Championship. However, after just one season the team folded before returning in 1970. Headed by Yuri Gavrilovich Khramov the new team raced as Burovik (Drillers) Oktyabrsky for two years (the name was due to the nearby Volga-Ural oil and natural-gas region and finance from the Tuymazaburneft trust). From 1972 the team raced as Neftyanik Oktyabrsky. The team later received finance from the Bashneft association. Neftyanik Oktyabrsky secured their first notable success in 1982, when winning the bronze medal and fared better the following season by winning the silver medal in 1983.
The team were known as Stroitel Oktyabrsky just before the dissolution of the Soviet Union and afterwards until 1995 and twice won the silver medal in 1993 and 1994. In 1996, a major sponsor was secured and the team's fortunes changed significantly. The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company (known as Lukoil) became principal sponsors and the team adopted the name Lukoil Oktyabrsky. The team won the Russian Team Speedway Championship three times from in 1997, 1999 and 2000 and only Mega-Lada Togliatti stopped them from winning many more.
Additionally, the team competed in the defunct European Speedway Club Champions' Cup and finished runner-up in the event in 2000 and 2001.
From 2008, the club suffered problems with Lukoil terminating their sponsorship and racing as SK Oktyabrsky financial issues resulted in the team disbanding in 2013. However, the Oktyabrsky Sports and Technical Club was created and by 2017 had returned to racing. In 2019, another name change was orchestrated, this time to STK Bashkiria (based on the region Bashkortostan). From 2019 to 2023, the team have finished fourth out of four every year in the championship.
# Nepenthes 'Kalamity'

Nepenthes 'Kalamity' is a cultivar of a complex manmade hybrid involving N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. khasiana, N. rafflesiana, N. ventricosa, and a plant identified as N. anamensis. It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett in 1988. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It first appeared in print in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x kalamity".
# Příbram na Moravě

Příbram na Moravě is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Příbram na Moravě lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) west of Brno and 169 km (105 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Marianne Franken

Marianne Franken (11 March 1884 – 4 April 1945) was a Dutch painter.

## Biography

Franken was born on 11 March 1884 in Amsterdam. She studied at the Internationaal schildersatelier (Amsterdam) (International painting studio). Franken was a member of, and exhibited with, the Kunstenaarsvereniging Sint Lucas [nl] and Arti et Amicitiae. She also exhibited with the Amsterdamse Joffers. Her subjects included still lifes, portraits (particularly of children), and genre scenes from her Jewish neighborhood near the Prinseneiland river in Amsterdam.
Her work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
Franken died on 4 April 1945 in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Germany.
# Nurgöz, Aksaray

Nurgöz is a village in the Aksaray District, Aksaray Province, Turkey. Its population is 457 (2021).