OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ravendra Pal Singh

Lieutenant General Ravendra Pal Singh PVSM, AVSM, VSM is a former General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Western Command of the Indian Army. He assumed office on 1 August 2019, succeeding Gen Surinder Singh.

## Early life and education

Gen Singh was commissioned into the Mechanised Infantry Regiment on 12 Jun 1982. An alumnus of National Defence Academy and Indian Military Academy, the General officer has attended the Defence Services Staff College, Senior Command Course, Higher Command Course and the National Defence College.

## Career

The general officer has held various regimental, staff and instructional appointments. These include brigade major of an Infantry Brigade in intense Counter Insurgency areas in J&K, GSO-2, Military Intelligence Directorate at IHQ of MoD (Army), Col GS (Military Doctrine) at Army War College, Mhow, BGS (Ops) of a command in the Western Theatre, ADG (Discipline & Vigilance), DG LWE & DG DC&W at IHQ of MoD (Army). He was instructor at School of Armoured Warfare Ahmednagar and was also posted as United Nations military observer in United Nations in Africa.
The general officer commanded a Mechanised Infantry Battalion, an Armoured Brigade and an Infantry Division in the Western Theatre.
He was also 'the colonel' of The Mechanised Infantry Regiment.

## Military awards and aecorations

He is a recipient of Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, and Vishisht Seva Medal for distinguished service.
| Param Vishisht Seva Medal | Ati Vishisht Seva Medal | Ati Vishisht Seva Medal | Vishisht Seva Medal |
| Wound Medal | Special Service Medal | Operation Vijay Medal | Operation Parakram Medal |
| Sainya Seva Medal | High Altitude Service Medal | Videsh Seva Medal | 50th Anniversary of Independence Medal |
| 30 Years Long Service Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 9 Years Long Service Medal | UN Mission in Angola Medal |

## Dates of rank

| Rank | Component | Date of rank |
| Second Lieutenant | Indian Army | 12 June 1982 |
| Lieutenant | Indian Army | 12 June 1984 |
| Captain | Indian Army | 12 June 1987 |
| Major | Indian Army | 12 June 1993 |
| Lieutenant-Colonel | Indian Army | 16 December 2004 |
| Colonel | Indian Army | 1 March 2006 |
| Brigadier | Indian Army | 1 June 2010 (seniority from 7 January 2009) |
| Major General | Indian Army | 1 January 2015 (seniority from 4 June 2012) |
| Lieutenant-General | Indian Army | 20 May 2017 (seniority from 1 May) |
# Featherweight (disambiguation)

Featherweight is a weight class in the combat sports of boxing, kickboxing, mixed martial arts, and Greco-Roman wrestling.
Including:
* Featherweight (MMA) in mixed martial arts refers to different weight classes
* Super featherweight junior lightweight (IBF and WBO)
* Super bantamweight, also known as junior featherweight or light featherweight

## Products

* Singer Featherweight sewing machines produced from 1933 to 1968

## Music

* "Featherweight", 1977 song by Count Basie from the album Prime Time
* "Featherweight", 1995 song by Candlebox, B-side to the single "Simple Lessons"
* "Featherweight", 2020 song by Fleet Foxes from the album Shore
* "Featherweight", 2023 song by Local Natives from the album Time Will Wait for No One
# Featherwood

* Featherwood, Polyosma cunninghamii, a rainforest tree of eastern Australia
* Featherwood, a term of racial superiority from the United States, see Peckerwood
* Featherwood, a locality in Northumberland, England, near the archaeological site Featherwood Roman Camps
# Feathery degeneration

In histopathology, feathery degeneration, formally feathery degeneration of hepatocytes, is a form of liver parenchymal cell (i.e. hepatocyte) death associated with cholestasis.
Cells undergoing this form of cell death have a flocculant appearing cytoplasm, and are larger than normal hepatocytes.

## Relation to ballooning degeneration

Feathery degeneration is somewhat similar in appearance to ballooning degeneration, which is due to other causes (e.g. alcohol, obesity); it also has cytoplasmic clearing and cell swelling.
# Federal Correctional Institution, Gilmer

The Federal Correctional Institution, Gilmer (FCI Gilmer) is a medium-security United States federal prison for male inmates in West Virginia. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. An adjacent satellite prison camp houses minimum-security male inmates.
FCI Gilmer is located in central West Virginia, 85 miles (137 km) northeast of Charleston and 150 miles (240 km) from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Notable inmates (current and former)

| Inmate Name | Register Number | Status | Details |
| Hector Rivera | 90335-054 | Serving a life sentence | Leader of a robbery crew which stole millions of dollars in diamonds and other jewels from businesses in the Diamond District in Manhattan, New York; convicted in 2009 of committing Hobbs Act robbery and using a firearm during crimes of violence. |
| Edward Brown | 03923-049 | Serving a 37 year sentence, scheduled for release in 2034 | Tax protester, participated in a standoff |
| Earl Simmons | 76031-054 | Served a year in prison released January 25, 2019 | Rapper known as DMX, pleaded guilty to tax fraud in 2018 |
# Rauni Luoma

Rauni Maria Erika Luoma-Ervi (15 October 1911 – 12 January 1996) was a Finnish actress. Her career peaked at the Finnish National Theatre in 1955–1978. She also appeared in 25 films between 1935 and 1984.

## Selected filmography

* A Night in Rio (1956)
* The Harvest Month (1956)
# Faqous SC

Faqous Sporting Club (نادي فاقوس الرياضي) is an Egyptian association football club from the city of Faqous. They are playing in the Egyptian Third Division.

## Colours

Faqous's colours are white and blue. Faqous's home kit is a white shirt with blue shorts. The team's away kit is a blue shirt with white shorts.
# Faquir Ali Ansari

Faquir Ali Ansari (14 June 1938 – 18 May 2003) was an Indian politician, trader and industrialist who served as member of parliament in 6th Lok Sabha. He represented Mirzapur parliamentary constituency in 1977. He was affiliated with Janata Party.

## Biography

He was born Abdul Quayyum Ansari on 14 June 1938 in Bhadohi city of Varanasi district. He received his education from the National Inter College, Bhadohi.
Prior to joining Janata Party, he was associated with Bharatiya Lok Dal and Bharatiya Kranti Dal. He served general secretary of Bhartiya Kranti Dal for its district committee at Varanasi unit, and vice president of Bharatiya Lok Dal District Committee. He was also a member of Bhadohi Welfare Academy.
# Rankovce

Rankovce may refer to:
* Rankovce Municipality - a municipality in North Macedonia
* Rankovce, North Macedonia - a town in North Macedonia
* Rankovce, Slovakia - a village and municipality in Slovakia
# Rankotea

Rankotea is a village located just outside the town of Brits in the North West province under the Madibeng municipality of South Africa. The village has a vanadium extracting mine called Bushveld Vametco located just before you enter the residence. A solar&battery is being built to supply 10% of the mine's power needs. Bushveld Vametco mine provides the community of Rankotea with funds where they may need them like funding few students of Rankotea with university fees. It also has provided funds to renovate schools and clinics. The community includes a primary school named Rantsou and a secondary school named Ramadikela. It also have a power station named RoshCon. The residents use the health care service of the mobile clinic provided by Madibeng that comes once a month and during the month they use that of the community of Mothotlung. They also use the SAPS and Postal Office of Mothotlung.
# Raul Cravid

Raúl António Da Costa Cravid is a São Toméan politician. He previously served as Minister of Planning and Finance in 2008 in the cabinet of Patrice Trovoada. He was general secretary of the MDFM-PL party.
# California Senate Bill 531 (2019)

In the 2019-2020 regular session of the California State Legislature, SB 531 was introduced to ban local governments from providing sales tax kickbacks to e-commerce businesses for using that jurisdiction as the point of sale. The bill passed both houses of the legislature, but was vetoed by Governor Gavin Newsom.

## Background

The California State Board of Equalization generally requires that online sales be taxed according to a seller's location. Companies can consolidate all of their online sales into a single location, giving its local jurisdiction the benefit of all online sales taxes collected by the company statewide. In order to redirect local tax revenues into their own treasuries, cities have created revenue-sharing incentives for companies to use their jurisdictions as the point of sale. The companies typically receive half of the city's sales tax revenue as a rebate, which is therefore lost from being spent on public services statewide. Examples of such arrangements include:
* Ontario: QVC and Nike, Inc.
* Dinuba: Best Buy
* Fresno: Ulta Beauty
* Sacramento: Macy's
* Cupertino: Apple Inc.
* San Bruno: Walmart
# SIGWX

SIGWX is a Significant Weather Chart defined by ICAO.
Weather charts being issued by World Area Forecast Centres (from meteorological offices in London and Washington), presenting the most important meteorological phenomena relevant especially for air traffic transport. WAFC publishes them in two formats
* BUFR code
* PNG images
Charts are typically being issued every six hours (0, 6, 12, 18 UTC). The SIGWX charts only show the forecast for the specific hour, however it is common place for parameters such as the JetStream, CAT & CB to be interpreted +/- 3 hours of the chart validity time. . Prognoses are typically prepared for two ranges of heights:
* SWH - High Level SIGWX (Flight level 250-630)
* SWM - Medium Level SIGWX (Flight level 100-450)
Weather phenomena:
* Cloud - including information about cloud type, height of base and top, turbulence and icing risk
* Clear Air Turbulence - including base and top height, strength of turbulence
* Jet Stream - including base and top height, wind speed
* Tropopause Height
* Tropical Cyclone, Sandstorm
* Volcanoes
* Frontal system
IMPORTANT NOTE: Amendment 74 to ICAO Annex 3 (effective 7 November 2007) eliminated the requirement for depiction of surface fronts and well-defined convergence zones (e.g. ITCZ) on WAFS SIGWX forecasts (in BUFR-code and PNG chart form). WAFC still publishes frontal bulletins, but they contain no data.
# Epirrita pulchraria

Epirrita pulchraria, the whitelined looper, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae.
The MONA or Hodges number for Epirrita pulchraria is 7435.
# NCH

NCH may refer to:
* IATA airport code for Nachingwea Airport
* National Children's Home (now Action for Children), a children's charity in the United Kingdom
* National Concert Hall, in Dublin, Ireland
* National Council for Homeopathy, Pakistan
* National Corvette Homecoming, an annual Chevrolet event
* NCH Corporation, American industrial supply company
* NCH Software, Australia
* New children's hospital, Dublin, Ireland, an unnamed hospital under construction
* New College of the Humanities, now Northeastern University – London, England
* Nicoll Highway MRT station, Singapore
* Northwest Community Hospital in Arlington Heights, Illinois
# Namig Mammadkarimov

Namig Mammadkarimov (born 21 July 1980), is an Azerbaijani futsal player who plays for Araz Naxçivan and the Azerbaijan national futsal team.
# Proturentomon iowaense

Proturentomon iowaense is a species of proturan in the family Protentomidae. It is found in North America.
# Kristian Heinilä

Kristian Heinilä (born 24 February 1976) is a Finnish sailor. He competed in the men's 470 event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Franklin R. Levy

Franklin R. Levy (June 20, 1948 – March 17, 1992) was an American film producer whose credits include the 1986 film Picnic and the 1993 film Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey. He died of pulmonary embolism during the production of Homeward Bound, which was dedicated to his memory.
# Franklin Rahming

Franklin Benjamin Rahming (born 25 May 1945) is a Bahamian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# William Quarles (cricketer)

William Quarles (1800–1879) was an English first-class cricketer associated with Norfolk who was active in the 1820s. He also played for Suffolk. Quarles' batting style is unknown.
Quarles made a single first-class appearance for Norfolk against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's in 1820. The MCC scored 473 all out in their first-innings, in response Norfolk managed just 92, with Quarles batting at number eleven and ending unbeaten on 0. The MCC fared less well in their second-innings with a total of 108. This gave them a lead of 489 over Norfolk, which was more than enough as Norfolk were dismissed for 72, with Quarles himself making 2 runs before he was dismissed by William Ward. The MCC's final margin of victory was 417 runs. A decade later he appeared in his second first-class match, this time for Suffolk against the MCC at Field Lane, Bury St Edmunds. The MCC made 100 all out in their first-innings, with Suffolk making 74 in response, with Quarles being dismissed for a duck by Herbert Jenner. The MCC were bowled out for 68 in their second-innings, leaving Suffolk with a total of 95 to chase. However, Suffolk well just short in being bowled out for 82, with Quarles contributing 4 to the total before he was dismissed by Ned Wenman.
# William Lloyd Birkbeck

William Lloyd Birkbeck QC (27 March 1806 – 25 May 1888) was an English legal scholar at the University of Cambridge, who served as Downing Professor of the Laws of England from 1860 and as Master of Downing College, Cambridge 1885–1888.
The son of George Birkbeck, the founder of the London Mechanics' Institute (now Birkbeck, University of London), William Lloyd Birkbeck was born in London, and educated at Charterhouse School and Trinity College, Cambridge (matriculated Michaelmas 1826, scholar 1828, graduated B.A. as 9th wrangler in 1830, proceeded M.A. in 1833).
Appointed to a Fellowship at Trinity and admitted to the Inner Temple in 1830, Birkbeck was called to the bar in 1833. Upon the death of his father George Birkbeck in 1841, Birkbeck succeeded him as President of the London Mechanics' Institute (renamed the Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution in 1866).
Birkbeck held the following academic positions:
* President of the Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution, London, 1841–88
* Reader in Equity to the Council of Legal Education, London, 1854–73
* Downing Professor of the Laws of England, Cambridge, 1860–88
* Examiner in Civil Law, Cambridge, 1873–74
* Master of Downing College, Cambridge, 1885–88
Birkbeck was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1886. He died on 25 May 1888, aged 82, at Downing College, Cambridge, and was buried in the family tomb at Kensal Green Cemetery.
# Frank Muller (astronomer)

Frank Muller (September 10, 1862 – April 19, 1917) was an American astronomer.
From 1885 he worked in the Leander McCormick Observatory as an assistant to Ormond Stone and Francis Preserved Leavenworth.
He discovered ~100 astronomical objects, from NGC catalog and Index catalog, for example NGC 17 in 1886.
# Nickel azide

Nickel azide is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula Ni(N$_3$)$_2$. It can be formed through the reaction between nickel tetracarbonyl and iodine azide.
    2Ni(CO)$_4$ + 2IN$_3$ → Ni(N$_3$)$_2$ + NiI$_2$ + 8CO

## Properties

Nickel azide water solution has high absorbance in the ultraviolet with a peak at 292 nm. The solution also contains hexaaquanickel cations with visible light absorption peaks at 394, 656, and 720 nm. A related mixed anion compound with nicotinic acid and nicotinate exhibits EO bridging coordination (μ-1,1) on the azide, and possesses an unusual angle between the nickel and nitrogen present within the complex. Like most azides, it is explosive.
# ST motif

The ST motif is a commonly occurring feature in proteins and polypeptides. It consists of four or five amino acid residues with either serine or threonine as the first residue (residue i). It is defined by two internal hydrogen bonds. One is between the side chain oxygen of residue i and the main chain NH of residue i + 2 or i + 3; the other is between the main chain oxygen of residue i and the main chain NH of residue i + 3 or i + 4. Two websites are available for finding and examining ST motifs in proteins, Motivated Proteins: and PDBeMotif.
When one of the hydrogen bonds is between the main chain oxygen of residue i and the side chain NH of residue i + 3 the motif incorporates a beta turn. When one of the hydrogen bonds is between the side chain oxygen of residue i and the main chain NH of residue i + 2 the motif incorporates an ST turn.
As with ST turns, a significant proportion of ST motifs occur at the N-terminus of an alpha helix with the serine or threonine as the N cap residue. They have thus often been described as helix capping features.
A related motif is the asx motif which has aspartate or asparagine as the first residue.
Two well conserved threonines at α-helical N-termini occur as ST motifs and form part of the characteristic nucleotide binding sites of SF1 and SF2 type DNA and RNA helicases.
It has been suggested that the sequences SPXX or STXX are frequently found at DNA-binding sites and also that they are recognized as substrates by some protein kinases. Structural studies of polypeptides indicate that such tetrapeptides can adopt the hydrogen bonding pattern of the ST motif.
# William Hickey (columnist)

"William Hickey" is the pseudonymous byline of a gossip column published in the Daily Express, a British newspaper. It was named after the 18th-century diarist William Hickey.
The column was first established by Tom Driberg in May 1933. An existing gossip column was relaunched following the intervention of the Express's proprietor Lord Beaverbrook. It was titled "These Names Make News". Driberg described the new feature as "...an intimate biographical column about...men and women who matter. Artists, statesmen, airmen, writers, financiers, explorers..."
Historian David Kynaston calls Driberg the "founder of the modern gossip column", which moved away from genteel chit-chat towards commentary on social and political issues. The tone of the column was described by biographer Richard Davenport-Hines as "wry, compassionate, and brimm[ing] with...open-minded intelligence". Driberg continued to write the column until 1943.
The column has been written by numerous anonymous journalists over the decades. In the 1960s, it was written by columnist Nigel Dempster.
In the 1970s, the column was referenced in John Cooper Clarke's poem 'You'll Never See A Nipple In The Daily Express', where "William Hickey meets Michael Caine - again and again and again and again".
# SKF-97,541

SKF-97,541 is a compound used in scientific research which acts primarily as a selective GABA$_B$ receptor agonist. It has sedative effects in animal studies and is widely used in research into potential treatment of various types of drug addiction.
# Franziska Ryser

Franziska Ryser (born 22 September 1991) is a Swiss politician who is a member of the Green Party of Switzerland. Ryser has served as a member of the National Council of Switzerland since December 2019 for the Canton of Saint-Gallen.

## Biography

Franziska Ryser was born on 22 September 1991 in Saint-Gallen. While she was originally from Basel and Niederönz, Ryser spent the majority of her youth in St. Gallen. After finishing her secondary studies, Ryser studied mechanical engineering at ETH Zurich. During her studies, Ryser worked at the Kellenberger & Co machine factory in Saint-Gallen and at Bühler in Uzwil. Upon graduation in 2016, Ryser worked at the Rehabilitation Engineering Lab at ETH Zurich in preparation for a doctorate degree as well as serving as a member of the board of directors for RyserOptik SA, her family's business.
In her spare time, Ryser likes to dance and act. During parliamentary sessions in Bern, Ryser lives in a shared apartment with fellow national councilors Andri Silberschmidt and Mike Egger.

## Political career

In 2013 at the age of 21, Ryser was elected to the local parliament for the City of Saint-Gallen. From 2013-2016, Ryser served on the education committee and in 2017 served on the real estate and construction committee in the local parliament. In 2017, Ryser also served as chairman of the communal parliament.
Since May 2019, Ryser has served as the co-president of the Green Party for St. Gallen and the surrounding area.
Ryser was elected to the National Council in the 2019 Swiss federal election. In June 2020, Ryser was named one of the vice-presidents of the Green Party.
# SPEC: Close

SPEC: Close (劇場版 ＳＰＥＣ～結～) is a 2013 Japanese film directed by Yukihiko Tsutsumi. The first part, Zen no Hen (漸ノ篇), was released on 1 November, and the second part, Kou no Hen (爻ノ篇), was released on 29 November. This film is a sequel to the 2012 film SPEC: Ten, and the last of the SPEC series.

## Cast

* Erika Toda as Saya Tōma
* Ryo Kase as Takeru Sebumi
* Kazuki Kitamura as Shū Kikkawa
* Chiaki Kuriyama as Satoko Aoike
* Osamu Mukai as Sekai
* Yuu Kashii as Jōkai Jōkyokusai
* Kasumi Arimura as Miyabi Masaki
* Kenichi Endō as T. Hideki
* Yuko Asano as Madam Yang/Madam Yin
* Ryūnosuke Kamiki as Jūichi Ninomae
* Saki Fukuda as Mirei Shimura
* Yū Shirota as Satoshi Chii
* Yuko Oshima as a mysterious woman

## Reception

Almost a month after being released, the film had grossed ¥2.23 billion (US$22 million).
# SPEC: Ten

SPEC: Ten (劇場版 ＳＰＥＣ～天～) is a 2012 Japanese film directed by Yukihiko Tsutsumi. It was released on 7 April 2012. This is a sequel to the TBS drama SPEC series.

## Cast

* Erika Toda as Saya Tōma
* Ryo Kase as Takeru Sebumi
* Chiaki Kuriyama as Satoko Aoike
* Kasumi Arimura as Miyabi Masaki
* Denden as Kenzō Ichiyanagi
* Yuko Asano as Madam Yang/Madam Yin
* Ryūnosuke Kamiki as Jūichi Ninomae
* Saki Fukuda as Mirei Shimura
* Kippei Shiina as Sukehiro Tsuda

## Reception

According to the box-office report by The Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan, the film had grossed ¥2.39 billion (US$24 million).
# Nigeria Weightlifting Federation

The Nigeria Weightlifting Federation, otherwise known as NWF, is the national governing body that oversees the sport of weightlifting in Nigeria. Formed in 1963, the federation is a member of the International Weightlifting Federation and Commonwealth Weightlifting Federation.
Nigerian Weightlifters in Uzbekistan 2021
The Nigerian team won four of the 10 gold medals in the Commonwealth playoffs, two silver and three bronze medals at the World Championships. “Stella Kingsley competing in the 50 kg won the gold medal in her category. “Adijat Olarinoye won a gold medal in the Commonwealth qualifiers and a silver medal in the World Championships and two bronze medals in the 59 kg. “Joy Eze competed in the 71 kg category, won a gold medal, and also won silver at the World Championships. Team coach Helen Idahosa, a 2000 Olympian super heavyweight athlete, said she knew the game and knew what it takes to motivate a lifter to do their best. “I know what it takes to motivate an athlete during competition and that’s what I did,” he said. .