OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oxyfluorfen

Oxyfluorfen is a chemical compound used as an herbicide. It is manufactured by Dow AgroSciences, Adama Agricultural Solutions and 4Farmers under the trade names Goal, Galigan, and Oxyfluorfen 240. Oxyfluorfen is used to control broadleaf and grassy weeds in a variety of nut, tree fruit, vine, and field crops, especially wine grapes and almonds. It is also used for residential weed control.

## Toxicity

Oxyfluorfen has low acute oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity in humans. The primary toxic effects are in the liver and alterations in blood parameters (anemia). It is classified as a possible human carcinogen. Its LD$_{50}$ is over 5000 mg/kg.

## Environmental impact

Oxyfluorfen is classified as an environmental hazard under the GHS due to being "very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects".
Oxyfluorfen is toxic to plants, invertebrates, and fish. Birds and mammals may also experience subchronic and chronic effects from oxyfluorfen. It is persistent in soil and has been shown to drift from application sites to nearby areas. It can contaminate surface water through spray drift and runoff. Oxyflurofen's waterborne LC$_{50}$ for trout is less than 0.5 mg/L.

## Mode of action

Oxyfluorfen is a diphenyl ether herbicide and acts via inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, (destroying chlorophill production and cell membranes), making its HRAC resistance class Group G (Aus), Group E (Global) and 14 (numerical).
Oxyfluorfen suffers from poor translocation, despite rapid shoot and foliar uptake. Desiccation in affected weeds begins in hours, with necrosis and death following in days.

## Application

Oxyfluorfen is used in the USA and Australia, at rates of up to 1500 g/Ha.
It has been used on crops of tree fruit, nuts, onion, tobacco, vines, almonds, apples, apricots, grapevine, macadamias, peaches, pears, pecans, plums, walnuts, Duboisia, Avocado, custard apple, kiwi fruit, Longan, Lychees, mango, Passionfruit, Pawpaw, Rambutan, Brassica crops, broccoli, cabbages, cauliflower, pyrethrum and (before sowing) cotton or winter cereals.
# Niechmirów

Niechmirów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Burzenin, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Burzenin, 24 km (15 mi) south of Sieradz, and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), the Germans operated a Nazi prison in Niechmirów that was subordinate to the prison in Sieradz. In 1941, the Germans expelled the entire Polish population of the village.
# Marsjøen

Marsjøen is a lake in Folldal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2.64-square-kilometre (1.02 sq mi) lake lies in the northern part of the municipality, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of the larger lake Fundin. There is a dam at the south end of the lake which is used to regulate the water height for use in the nearby Einunna and Savalen hydro-electric power stations.
# ST turn

The ST turn is a structural feature in proteins and polypeptides. Each consists of three amino acid residues (labeled i, i + 1 and i + 2) in which residue i is a serine (S) or threonine (T) that forms a hydrogen bond from its sidechain oxygen group to the mainchain NH group of residue i + 2.
Similar motifs occur with aspartate or asparagine as residue i, called asx turn. Four types of asx turn and ST turn can be distinguished: types I, I’, II and II’. These categories correspond (via sidechain-mainchain mimicry of residue i) to those of the more abundant hydrogen-bonded beta turns, which have four residues and a hydrogen bond between the CO of residue i and the NH of residue i + 3. Regarding their occurrence in proteins, they differ in that type I is the commonest of the four beta turns while type II’ is the commonest of the ST and asx turns.
Asx and ST turns both occur frequently at the N-termini of α-helices, as part of asx motifs or ST motifs, with the asx, serine or threonine as the N cap residue. They are thus often regarded as helix capping features.
Evidence for a functionally relevant ST turn is provided in the CDR3 region of the T-cell receptor (B chain, V domain)
A proportion of ST turns are accompanied by a mainchain-mainchain hydrogen bond that qualifies them as ST motifs.
# P-stable group

In finite group theory, a p-stable group for an odd prime p is a finite group satisfying a technical condition introduced by Gorenstein and Walter (1964, p.169, 1965) in order to extend Thompson's uniqueness results in the odd order theorem to groups with dihedral Sylow 2-subgroups.

## Definitions

There are several equivalent definitions of a p-stable group.

### First definition.

We give definition of a p-stable group in two parts. The definition used here comes from (Glauberman 1968, p. 1104).
1. Let p be an odd prime and G be a finite group with a nontrivial p-core $O_{p}(G)$. Then G is p-stable if it satisfies the following condition: Let P be an arbitrary p-subgroup of G such that $O_{p'\!}(G)$ is a normal subgroup of G. Suppose that $x\in N_{G}(P)$ and ${\bar {x}}$ is the coset of $C_{G}(P)$ containing x. If $[P,x,x]=1$, then ${\overline {x}}\in O_{n}(N_{G}(P)/C_{G}(P))$.
Now, define ${\mathcal {M}}_{p}(G)$ as the set of all p-subgroups of G maximal with respect to the property that $O_{p}(M)\not =1$.
2. Let G be a finite group and p an odd prime. Then G is called p-stable if every element of ${\mathcal {M}}_{p}(G)$ is p-stable by definition 1.

### Second definition.

Let p be an odd prime and H a finite group. Then H is p-stable if $F^{*}(H)=O_{p}(H)$ and, whenever P is a normal p-subgroup of H and $g\in H$ with $[P,g,g]=1$, then $gC_{H}(P)\in O_{p}(H/C_{H}(P))$.

## Properties

If p is an odd prime and G is a finite group such that SL$_2$(p) is not involved in G, then G is p-stable. If furthermore G contains a normal p-subgroup P such that $C_{G}(P)\leqslant P$, then $Z(J_{0}(S))$ is a characteristic subgroup of G, where $J_{0}(S)$ is the subgroup introduced by John Thompson in (Thompson 1969, pp. 149–151).
# SKF (disambiguation)

SKF is a bearing and seal manufacturing company founded in Gothenburg, Sweden.
SKF may also refer to:
* Lackland Air Force Base (IATA and FAA LID codes), a US Air Force base in Texas
** Kelly Field Annex (IATA and FAA LID codes), a US Air Force facility in Texas
* ŠKF Sereď, a Slovak football team
* Salman Khan Films, India
* Smith, Kline & French, pharmaceutical company
# Pietje Bell

Pietje Bell is a series of children's books written by the Dutch author Chris van Abkoude.
The story has been adapted to film twice. Once, in 1964, as De Avonturen van Pietje Bell, by Henk van der Linden and again in 2002 and 2003 by Maria Peters.
In 2003, Ruud Bos adapted the novel into a musical called Pietje Bell de Musical.
Dick Matena also adapted the novel into a comic book album.

## List of books

* 1914 – Pietje Bell, of De lotgevallen van een ondeugenden jongen
* 1920 – De vlegeljaren van Pietje Bell
* 1922 – De zonen van Pietje Bell
* 1924 – Pietje Bell’s goocheltoeren
* 1929 – Pietje Bell in Amerika
* 1932 – Nieuwe avonturen van Pietje Bell
* 1934 – Pietje Bell is weer aan den gang
* 1936 – Pietje Bell gaat vliegen
# Nicolas Dreux

Nicolas Dreux (born 1956) is a Haitian painter. Born and raised in Port-au-Prince. He showed an early interest in painting and studied under Calixte Henri, one of Haiti's early master. With Raymond Olivier, he generated a style that differed from many other Haitian artists.
During the Aristide period Dreux was so traumatized by the violence that he suffered a breakdown. With the 2004 departure of Aristide, and his government, Dreus started a slow battle to regain his mental balance and revive his ability to create fine art. His first efforts were childlike but, over the intervening years, Dreux has regained his position as a master in the Haitian art community.
His work is displayed in many of Haiti's finest art galleries.
He works with acrylics and oil – using a razor blade to create his pieces.
# Kristin Henning

Kristin Henning is a professor of law at the Georgetown University Law Center, where she is the Blume Professor of Law and the director of the university's Juvenile Justice Clinic. She is best known for her work in juvenile defense and for her book, The Rage of Innocence: How America Criminalizes Black Youth. Henning also works with the National Juvenile Defender Center.

## Early life and education

Henning was born and raised in North Carolina. In 1992, Henning graduated from Duke University and received a Bachelor of Arts in English and African-American Studies. She then attended Yale Law School, where she received a Juris Doctor in 1995. In 2002, Henning earned a Master of Laws from Georgetown University Law Center.

## Career

In 1995, Henning was a Stuart-Stiller Fellow in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Clinic at the Georgetown University Law Center. After her fellowship, Henning began working at the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia. While working for the Public Defender Service, Henning helped organize a Juvenile Unit that was designed to meet the multi-disciplinary needs of children in the juvenile legal system and served as the lead attorney for the Juvenile Unit from 1998 until 2001.
In 2001, Henning began working at the Georgetown University Law Center. In 2013, the National Juvenile Defender Center awarded Henning the Robert E. Shepherd, Jr. Award for Excellence in Juvenile Defense. At the Law Center, Henning is the Blume Professor of Law and the director of the university's Juvenile Justice Clinic. Henning served as the Law Center's Associate Dean for Clinics and Experiential Learning from 2017 to 2020. In 2020, amid the Black Lives Matter movement, Henning started Ambassadors for Racial Justice, a year-long program for defenders committed to challenging racial inequities in the juvenile legal system. In 2021, Henning was awarded the Leadership Prize from the Juvenile Law Center.
On September 28, 2021, Henning released her book The Rage of Innocence: How America Criminalizes Black Youth.

## Publications
### Books

* The Rage of Innocence: How America Criminalizes Black Youth (Pantheon Books, September 28, 2021)
# Pier Head railway station

Pier Head was a railway station on the Liverpool Overhead Railway. Opened on 6 March 1893 by the Marquis of Salisbury, it was located close to the landing stage of the Mersey Ferry, and next to the land on which the Royal Liver Building was built in 1911.
The station was the busiest railway station on the overhead network, providing connections to trams, buses and ferries. When constructed it was expected to be this busy, and so additional staircases were built.
The station closed, along with the rest of the line on 30 December 1956. No evidence of this station remains.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| James St. (LOR) | Liverpool Overhead Railway | Princes Dock |
# Raymond Culver

Raymond Benjamin Culver (July 11, 1887 – June 7, 1938) was a Baptist educator in the United States and the fourth president of Shimer College.
Culver was born in Algansee Township, Michigan on July 11, 1887. He received a bachelor of music from Linfield College in Oregon, in 1914, where he was president of the student body. Subsequently, obtained multiple degrees from Yale University: a B.A. in 1916, B.Div. from Yale Divinity School in 1920, M.A. in 1921, and a Ph.D. in 1924. After Yale, he served as professor of Bible and religious education at Linfield College.
From 1936 to 1938, Culver served as the fourth president of Shimer College, then known as Frances Shimer Junior College and located in Mount Carroll, Illinois, USA. Culver had been sought unsuccessfully by two other colleges, and was chosen by the Search Committee of the board of trustees. He assumed the presidency on August 25, 1936. Culver was remembered as having refined and preserved the all-girl school's aura as a finishing school. As president, he had a "low key" style and "demonstrated a genuine sensitivity to the various factions of the College".
Culver was successful as a fundraiser and promoter, obtaining a $15,000 gift from the Bennett family for the physical plant and starting a "Shimer College Half Hour" on the Rockford, Illinois radio station WROK. In his 1937 annual report, Culver articulated five goals: promotion of the college, formation of a National Alumnae Association, increasing enrollment, improving the physical plant, and revising and integrating the curriculum.
In the fall of 1937, Culver fell ill while attending a conference in California. He initially attributed the illness to overwork, but was diagnosed with a brain tumor. A. Beth Hostetter was appointed as Acting President in December. As his condition deteriorated, Mrs. Culver relinquished the presidency on her husband's behalf on January 20, 1938. Culver died in Beaumont, California on June 7, 1938.

## Works

* 1929, Horace Mann and religion in the Massachusetts public schools
# Loudville Church

The Loudville Church is a historic non-denominational church building on Louds Island, an unincorporated territory of Lincoln County, Maine that is now home to summer residences. The church was built in 1913, using materials from a schoolhouse built in 1908 on Malaga Island. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

## Description and history

Louds Island is located on the west side of Muscongus Bay, off the coast of Bristol near the village of Round Pond. The island was settled in the 1750s, and had a population of about 150 in 1798. By the mid-19th century it had lost most of its permanent population, and was reduced to a summer colony. The island had no church until this one was built in 1913. It is an L-shaped wood-frame structure, 1+1⁄2 stories in height, with a cross-gabled roof, shingled exterior, and concrete foundation. A three-story tower rises at the crook of the L, topped by a pyramidal roof with flared eaves. It has modest Gothic stylistic elements, including a three-part arched window in one of the gabled sides.
The building's story begins on Malaga Island, located in Maine's Casco Bay. During the 19th century, Malaga was the site of an impoverished settlement of predominantly African-Americans, who were mainly living of the land and sea. In 1908, well-meaning wealthy social reformers built a school on the island in a bid to improve the condition of the children of the residents. The Malaga Island community was forcibly evacuated in 1911, in what has later been described as an act of cultural imperialism. The school was given by its builders to the Maine Seacoast Missionary Society, which raised the funds needed to move it to Louds Island. Its lumber was used to build this church, to a design by Milton Stratton, a Maine architect active in the Mount Desert Island area. The building is maintained by the Louds Island Association, which holds meetings and summer religious services there.
# SS Asia

The SS Asia was a Canadian passenger steamship and package freighter of the Northwestern Transportation Company. She was 41.5 m (136 ft) long and had a beam of 7.11 m (23.3 ft). Launched at St. Catharines, Ontario in 1873, she was built as a canaller, a vessel designed for use in the Welland Canal and other enclosed watercourses of the day. She was converted by her owners for services in the open Great Lakes. Heavily laden and top-heavy with freight, she sank near Lonely Island in Georgian Bay on 14 September 1882 with a loss of 123 lives. The doomed vessel had been fitted with flimsy lifeboats, which repeatedly overturned in the heavy waters. A lifeboat that had originally saved 18 officers and passengers from the foundering Asia then capsized over and over in storm conditions, leading to the deaths of most of the castaways. By the time the one remaining lifeboat made land near Parry Sound, only two passengers remained alive.

## In history

The survivors were two teenage-aged young adults, Christina Ann Morrison and Duncan Tinkis. The loss of life made this disaster, in terms of loss of life from the sinking of a single vessel, the eighth-worst tragedy in the history of the Great Lakes.
# Gallatin

Gallatin may refer to the following:

## Places in the United States

* Gallatin, California, now part of Downey
* Gallatin, Missouri, a city
* Gallatin, New York, a town
* Gallatin, Tennessee, a city
* Gallatin, Texas, a city
* Gallatin County, Illinois
* Gallatin County, Kentucky
* Gallatin County, Montana
* Gallatin Field Airport in Bozeman, Montana
* Gallatin River, in Wyoming and Montana
* Gallatin Range, includes ten mountains in Wyoming and Montana
* Gallatin National Forest, Montana
* Gallatin Township, Clay County, Missouri

## Ships

* USS Gallatin (1807), a sailing ship used initially by the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service, fought in the War of 1812
* USS Gallatin (APA-169), a Haskell-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II
* USRC Gallatin, various cutters of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service
* USCGC Gallatin, two U.S. Coast Guard ships

## Schools

* Gallatin College, Montana State University
* Gallatin School of Individualized Study, part of New York University
* Gallatin High School (disambiguation)
* Gallatin School (Uniontown, Pennsylvania), on the National Register of Historic Places

## Other uses

* Gallatin (surname)
* Gallatin Bank Building, constructed in 1887 in Manhattan
* The codename of an Intel Xeon microprocessor
# Philip Wykeham Martin

Philip Wykeham-Martin (18 January 1829 – 31 May 1878) was an English Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1856 to 1878.
Martin was the son of Charles Wykeham-Martin of Leeds Castle and his wife Lady Jemima Isabella Cornwallis daughter of James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis. His father was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Newport. Martin was educated at Eton College and at Balliol College, Oxford graduating BA in 1850. He was a J.P. for Warwickshire, and a captain in the Warwickshire Yeomanry Cavalry.
In February 1856 Martin was elected at a by-election as an MP for the borough of Rochester in Kent. He held the seat until his death aged 49 in 1878. In parliament he introduced and carried the "Sale of Spirits Amendment Act" and the "Hotel Keepers' Liability Act".
Martin died in the House of Commons Library on 31 May 1878; the House adjourned upon learning the news.

## Family

Martin married Elizabeth Warde daughter of John Warde in 1850. They had a son Cornwallis Philip Martin.
# Platyptilia censoria

Platyptilia censoria is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.
# 1935 Star Riders' Championship

The 1935 Star Riders' Championship was decided over twenty heats, and the rider with the highest total score was crowned as champion. Tom Farndon and Ron Johnson did not take part after crashing the night before at the New Cross Stadium, an accident that cost Farndon his life the day after the final. Geoff Pymar and Norman Parker replaced them.
1935 was the final running of the Star Riders' Championship. From 1936, Motorcycle speedway would have its own official Speedway World Championship.

## Final

* 29 August 1935
* Wembley, England
| Pos. | Rider | Heat scores | Total |
| 1 | Frank Charles | (3,3,3,3,3) | 15 |
| 2 | Jack Ormston | (3,3,3,2,3) | 14 |
| 3 | Max Grosskreutz | (3,3,3,1,3) | 13 |
| 4 | Eric Langton | (0,3,2,3,2) | 10 |
| 5 | Jack Parker | (2,2,0,3,3) | 10 |
| 6 | Bluey Wilkinson | (2,2,3,1,2) | 10 |
| 7 | Vic Huxley | (3,1,1,2,2) | 9 |
| 8 | Dicky Case | (1,2,2,3,R) | 8 |
| 9 | Tommy Croombs | (2,1,2,1,1) | 7 |
| 10 | Norman Parker | (2,1,1,2,0) | 6 |
| 11 | Bill Kitchen | (1,2,1,R,R) | 4 |
| 12 | Tiger Stevenson | (0,0,2,1,1) | 4 |
| 13 | Lionel van Praag | (1,0,2,0,0) | 3 |
| 14 | Geoff Pymar | (1,1,0,0,1) | 3 |
| 15 | Jack Sharp | (0,0,1,0,R) | 1 |
| 16 | Wally Kilmister | (F,-,-,-,-) | 0 |
| * | Tom Farndon | withdrawn | - |
| * | Ron Johnson | withdrawn | - |
# ST vz. 39

ST vz. 39, also known by its factory designation V-8-H, was a Czechoslovak medium tank developed by ČKD in the late 1930s. Only two prototypes were ever built.

## Design and development

In the fall of 1937 a competition was launched for a new medium tank to equip the Czechoslovak Army; Škoda, ČKD and Tatra competed. The most promising design was the ČKD prototype, designated the V-8-H (later ST vz. 39). The first prototype had 143 design flaws identified, of which 16 were considered significant. The most serious issues centred on engine design, the reworking of which satisfied the concerns of the army.
Due to the worsening international situation, the army decided to order 300 tanks and, later, a further 150 more but the order was canceled after the Munich Agreement of 1938 gave the Sudetenland area of Czechoslovakia to Germany. After the occupation of the remainder of Czechoslovakia on March 15, 1939, representatives of the German armaments office selected the V-8-H for testing by the Army at Eisenach. As a result of a fortnight's testing, an order was issued in November 1939 for production of another prototype. This was to be delivered without turret and armament, with a concrete block to simulate the load. This marked a prototype V-8-HII (second option), or V-8-Hz (trial) in the second half of 1940, underwent tests in Germany at Kummersdorf. There was no production order as the V-8-H specification were similar to the already under production Panzer III.
After the occupation, the company tried to break through with a tank on the international market. Romania is the first reported, as requested by the former Czechoslovak prototypes of the T-21, V-8-H, R-2a. All tanks passed the tests in Romania successfully. Reluctant to choose a tank design, it considered first the R-2a, then the V-8-H, but later opted for a T-21, of which 216 were ordered. The company tried to offer the tank to Sweden, China, USSR, and Italy. The last attempt was with Turkey which would have used the Skoda A7 gun of the LT vz 38 but no order was placed.
Both prototypes survived war, but were scrapped soon afterward.
# Ravishankar Shukla Stadium

Ravi Shankar Shukla Stadium is the main sports venue in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. It is used for several sports, like association football and cricket. The stadium has hosted two first-class cricket matches in 1976 and 1981 between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan and between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

## History

As originally planned, the stadium was to be built in Ranital. However, given the time and expense involved, the then District Council Chairman of Jabalpur City in 1956, Captain B P Tiwari decided to build a small stadium in Wright Town grounds. Due to the death of Ravishankar Shukla in 1956, Captain B P Tiwari, Shukla's close aide, decided to name the stadium and adjacent sports facilities after him. The Ravishankar Shukla stadium was established as a result of this.

## First-class

List of First-class matches played at Ravi Shankar Shukla Stadium
| Team (A) | Team (B) | Winner | Margin | Year |
| Madhya Pradesh | Rajasthan | Madhya Pradesh | By 6 Wickets | 1976 |
| Madhya Pradesh | Uttar Pradesh | | Drawn | 1981 |
# Gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase

In enzymology, a gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.136) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    UDP-glucose + gallate $\rightleftharpoons$ UDP + 1-galloyl-beta-D-glucose
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and gallate, whereas its two products are UDP and 1-galloyl-beta-D-glucose.
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:gallate beta-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include UDP-glucose-vanillate 1-glucosyltransferase, UDPglucose:vanillate 1-O-glucosyltransferase, and UDPglucose:gallate glucosyltransferase.
# Orlice, Travnik

Orlice is a village in the municipality of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was nil, down from 41 in 1991.