# FAM110A

Protein FAM110A, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 110, A, C20orf55 or BA371L19.3 is encoded by the FAM110A gene. FAM110A is located on chromosome 20 and is a part of the greater FAM110 gene family, consisting of FAM110A, FAM110B, and FAM110C.

## Gene
### Overview

In humans, FAM110A is located on the plus strand at 20p13. The gene transcript is found from base pairs 833,715 to 846,279, with a total transcript length of 12,564 base pairs. The FAM110A mRNA transcript is predicted to contain two exons. An upstream promoter region for FAM110A is predicted to be 1,111 base pairs long. Six different mRNA transcripts of FAM110A are predicted, all differing in their 5' untranslated regions.

### Homology

219 organisms have been reported to have orthologs with the human FAM110A gene.
FAM110A orthologs (relative to human FAM110A) :
| Species | Taxonomic group | Date of divergence (MYA) | Accession | Sequence length | Sequence identity | Sequence similarity |
| Thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) | Mammal | 90 | XP_005320619.1 | 295 | 92% | 94% |
| Domesticated dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Mammal | 96 | XP_005634952.1 | 295 | 91% | 93% |
| Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) | Mammal | 105 | XP_023446141.1 | 284 | 85% | 85% |
| Garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) | Reptile | 312 | XP_013922001.1 | 360 | 46% | 58% |
| Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) | Reptile | 312 | XP_005304966.1 | 362 | 48% | 59% |
| Hummingbird (Calypte anna) | Bird | 312 | XP_030319175.1 | 337 | 53% | 61% |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) | Bird | 312 | XP_003642512.1 | 331 | 56% | 62% |
| Worm (Microcaecilia unicolor) | Amphibian | 351.8 | XP_030068004.1 | 381 | 39% | 49% |
| Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) | Fish | 435 | XP_033863480.2 | 350 | 43% | 54% |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | Fish | 435 | XP_003201231.1 | 446 | 59% | 71% |
| Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) | Arthropod | 797 | XP_029825208.1 | 337 | 31% | 40% |

### Regulation

FAM110A transcription factor binding sites :
| Matrix family | Matrix information | Start position | End position | Strand | Matrix similarity |
| TGF-β induced apoptosis proteins | Cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 1 (AXUD1, AXIN1 up-regulated 1) | 277 | 283 | (+) | 1.00 |
| CAS interacting zinc finger protein | Zinc finger protein 384 (Cas-interacting zinc finger protein - CIZ) | 305 | 315 | (+) | 1.00 |
| Lim homeodomain factors | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha | 342 | 364 | (-) | 1.00 |
| SWI/SNF related nucleophosphoproteins with a RING finger DNA binding motif | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 3 | 354 | 364 | (-) | 1.00 |
| SWI/SNF related nucleophosphoproteins with a RING finger DNA binding motif | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 3 | 357 | 367 | (+) | 1.00 |
| Cart-1 (cartilage homeoprotein 1) | Binding site for S8 type homeodomains | 421 | 441 | (-) | 1.00 |
| NKX homeodomain factors | Homeo domain factor Nkx-2.5/Csx, tinman homolog low affinity sites | 423 | 441 | (-) | 1.00 |
| TCF11 transcription factor | TCF11/LCR-F1/Nrf1 homodimers | 559 | 565 | (+) | 1.00 |
| EVI1-myleoid transforming protein | MEL1 (MDS1/EVI1-like gene 1) DNA-binding domain 2 | 612 | 628 | (-) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 37 | Zinc finger protein 37 alpha (KOX21) | 770 | 778 | (-) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 2 | Zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 | 819 | 841 | (-) | 1.00 |
| Myeloid zinc finger 1 factors | Myeloid zinc finger protein MZF1 | 1002 | 1012 | (-) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 2 | KRAB-containing zinc finger protein 300 | 1014 | 1036 | (+) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 2 | Zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 | 1029 | 1051 | (-) | 1.00 |

## Protein
### Overview

All human FAM110A transcript variants encode the same protein, which is 295 amino acids in length. The human FAM110A protein is projected to weigh 31.3 kiladaltons and have an isoelectric point of 10.5.
FAM110A repetitive structures :
| Species | Accession | Repeating structures | Positions |
| Human (Homo sapiens) | NP_001035812.1 | SPARP | 162-166; 177-181 |
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) | XP_003316845.1 | SPARP | 162-166; 177-181 |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | NP_001276079.1 | PATP | 11-14; 139-142 |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) | XP_015151953.1 | AVRR | 88-91; 168-171 |
| | | PRSA | 104-107; 285-288 |
| | | SAGR | 106-109; 147-150 |
| | | PAAP | 158-161; 199-202 |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | XP_009302562.1 | LARP | 88-91; 348-351 |
Human FAM110A is predicted to contain one standard deviation less than average frequencies of methionine, asparagine, and isoleucine residues, while containing one standard deviation higher frequencies of serine and proline residues. Human FAM110A is also predicted to contain a frequency of arginine residues two standard deviations higher than average. The presence of a high frequency of arginine residues is also apparent in the FAM110A chimpanzee, mouse, chicken and zebrafish orthologs, indicating that it may play a vital role to the function of the gene due to its high conservation.
FAM110A is predicted to be hydrophilic and soluble.
The tertiary structure of FAM110A is predicted to be 80% disordered.

### Post-translational modification

The N-terminal glycine residue FAM110A is not predicted to be myristolated (confidence: 0.97), indicating that FAM110A is not membrane-associated.
It is predicted that FAM110A contains no sulfation of tyrosine residues, suggesting that FAM110A is not secreted.
Phosphorylation analysis indicates FAM110A to be associated with the AGC and Akt kinase families.
Immunofluorescent analysis of FAM110A reveals the protein to be localized in the nucleoplasm, cytosol, and vesicles.

### Interacting proteins

Proteins predicted to interact with FAM110A :
| Protein abbreviation | Protein name | Association type |
| CSNK1E | Casein kinase 1 isoform ε | Two hybrid |
| DYNA1I1 | Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain | Two hybrid |
| KRT15 | Type 1 cytoskeletal keratin | Two hybrid |
| TRIM23 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase | Two hybrid |
| GOLGA2 | Member 2 Golgin (subfamily A) | Two hybrid |

## Clinical significance
### Cancer pathogenesis

FAM110A has been observed to be abnormally expressed in prostate cancer metastasis, where it co-localizes with E-cadherin and β-catenin at cell-cell adherens junctions, suggesting FAM110A’s involvement in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer pathogenesis. The greater FAM110 gene family is aberrantly methylated in breast cancer cells, and has been shown to be associated with reduced time to distant metastasis in breast cancer patients.

### Cell cycle involvement

FAM110A has been found to localize to centrosomes and accumulate at the microtubule organizing center in interphase and at spindle poles in mitosis.