OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yang Sang-guk

Yang Sang-guk (born October 1, 1983) is a South Korean comedian. He first became famous as a cast member of the Korean comedy show Gag Concert, earning popularity with his "countrified" image.

## Biography

Yang Sang-guk was born in Jinyeong-eup, Gimhae, South Gyeongsang Province. Originally, his dream was to be a Buddhist monk, but he "couldn't give up joy" and chose to be a comedian. After completing his mandatory military service, Yang appeared in the comedy audition program Gag Hunting  [ko], performing a skit that was later adapted into the Gag Concert sketch "Seoulmate". The next year, he became one of 14 aspirants to pass KBS's 22nd comedian recruitment, and came to be known through his performance in Gag Concert's "I Bet on My Life" the same year.
In 2008, while Yang was working on another skit, Yoo Se-yoon and Lee Jong-hoon gave him a role in "Doctor Fish", as a passionate fan of Yoo's character. Though his role was minor, he grew popular for his unique intonation and attire, and reprised the role in "Bongsunga School". "Doctor Fish" ended on September 21, 2008, after which Yang took a 10-month hiatus. In 2011, he appeared in the sketch "Seoulmate", which he and Ryu Jeong-nam had showed off on Gag Hunting in 2005. Seo Su-min, Gag Concert's producer at the time, suggested bringing back the skit on his program. His humor using Korean dialect made him popular, and his catchphrase "궁디를 주차삐까" became a trend. Continuing his "rural" image, he appeared in "Four Guys" as a country bumpkin.
# Knuth–Plass line-breaking algorithm

The Knuth–Plass algorithm is a line-breaking algorithm designed for use in Donald Knuth's typesetting program TeX. It integrates the problems of text justification and hyphenation into a single algorithm by using a discrete dynamic programming method to minimize a loss function that attempts to quantify the aesthetic qualities desired in the finished output.
The algorithm works by dividing the text into a stream of three kinds of objects: boxes, which are non-resizable chunks of content, glue, which are flexible, resizeable elements, and penalties, which represent places where breaking is undesirable (or, if negative, desirable). The loss function, known as "badness", is defined in terms of the deformation of the glue elements, and any extra penalties incurred through line breaking.
Making hyphenation decisions follows naturally from the algorithm, but the choice of possible hyphenation points within words, and optionally their preference weighting, must be performed first, and that information inserted into the text stream in advance. Knuth and Plass' original algorithm does not include page breaking, but may be modified to interface with a pagination algorithm, such as the algorithm designed by Plass in his PhD thesis.
Typically, the cost function for this technique should be modified so that it does not count the space left on the final line of a paragraph; this modification allows a paragraph to end in the middle of a line without penalty. The same technique can also be extended to take into account other factors such as the number of lines or costs for hyphenating long words.

## Computational complexity

A naive brute-force exhaustive search for the minimum badness by trying every possible combination of breakpoints would take an impractical $O(2^{n})$ time. The classic Knuth-Plass dynamic programming approach to solving the minimization problem is a worst-case $O(n^{2})$ algorithm but usually runs much faster in close to linear time.
Solving for the Knuth-Plass optimum can be shown to be a special case of the convex least-weight subsequence problem, which can be solved in $O(n)$ time. Methods to do this include the SMAWK algorithm.

## Simple example of minimum raggedness metric

For the input text
with line width 6, a greedy algorithm that puts as many words on a line as possible while preserving order before moving to the next line, would produce:
The sum of squared space left over by this method is $0^{2}+4^{2}+1^{2}=17$. However, the optimal solution achieves the smaller sum $3^{2}+1^{2}+1^{2}=11$:
The difference here is that the first line is broken before BB instead of after it, yielding a better right margin and a lower cost 11.
# Ward Congregational Church

Ward Congregational Church, at 41 Modoc in Ward, Colorado, was built in 1894-95 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Also known as Ward Community Church, it was listed in 1989 as part of the "Metal Mining and Tourist Era Resources of Boulder County" multiple property submission. In its nomination it was asserted to be architecturally significant "because of its intact design, materials and workmanship which are typical of the building traditions of the period and make it an excellent example of the style of construction used for community buildings during this time in Boulder County."
# Rudnica, Pljevlja

Rudnica (Serbian Cyrillic: Рудница) is a village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 102 people.
According to the 2011 census, its population was 124.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Serbs | 99 | 79.9% |
| Montenegrins | 23 | 18.5% |
| other/undeclared | 2 | 1.6% |
| Total | 124 | 100% |
# Missouri Escarpment

The Missouri Escarpment is a ridge in North Dakota approximately 100 miles to the west of the Red River Valley, at the edge of the Missouri Plateau. It divides the Central Lowlands province from the Great Plains province.
# Willem van Outhoorn

Willem van Outhoorn (4 May 1635 – 27 November 1720) was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1691 to 1704. He was born and died in the Dutch East Indies.

## Biography

Willem van Outhoorn (or Oudthoorn) was born on 4 May 1635 at Larike on Ambon Island in Indonesia. His father was a Dutch East India Company (VOC) Buyer (koopman) there. He was sent to the Netherlands to study Law at the University of Leiden. On 28 November 1657 he graduated in Law.

### Government career

In 1659 van Outhoorn returned to the Indies, employed as Underbuyer (onderkoopman). He was to remain in the East for the rest of his life. Even a journey to nearby Bantam was a journey too far for him. In 1662 he became a member of the Council of Justice (Raad van Justitie) in Batavia. In 1672 he became Receiver-General (ontvanger-generaal), and in 1673 he became Vice-President of the Council of Justice. In 1678 he was charged with a mission to Bantam and he became an extraordinary member of the Dutch Council of the Indies. He was named a full Counsellor, being confirmed in that post in 1681. He became President of the Council of Justice in 1682 and in 1689 President of the College van Heemraden (dealing with estate boundaries, roads, etc.). That same year he was appointed First Counsellor and Director-General of the Dutch East Indies.
On 17 December 1690 van Outhoorn was appointed Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, taking over from Johannes Camphuys on 24 September 1691. After ten years, the Seventeen Lords (Heren XVII) granted his wish to be honourably relieved of his duties, but it was 15 August 1704 before he could hand over all his official functions to his successor, Joan van Hoorn.
He requested that he be allowed to remain on his estate just outside Batavia. Such requests were generally not allowed, for fear that retired governors would interfere with the work of their successors. However, because he was in ill-health and was over 70, he was allowed to stay. He died at age 85 on 27 November 1720 in Batavia.
His term of office was not marked by many important developments or events. At the end of his term, Amangkurat II Sultan of Mataram died. As the VOC did not recognise his son as successor, a long war broke out just before Van Outhoorn left office. In 1693 the French overran Pondicherry. During his time, efforts were made to establish coffee growing in Java. The first harvest failed because of flooding, but the next harvest had more success.
Van Outhoorn was not a very strong ruler. Corruption and nepotism, in which he was also involved, became more blatant during his time. His son-in-law Joan van Hoorn, married to his daughter Susanna, succeeded him as Governor-General.

## Sources

* Site in Dutch dedicated to the VOC
* Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië, part N-Soek
* Putten, L.P. van, 2002. - Ambitie en onvermogen : gouverneurs-generaal van Nederlands-Indië 1610-1796.
* bezuidenhout.nl
* A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300
# Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom

The Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom is an UNESCO World Heritage Site which includes a number of archaeological sites currently in Ji'an, Jilin Province and Huanren, Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Goguryeo (or Koguryo, "Gaogouli" in Chinese), (37 BCE – 668 CE) was a Korean Kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Manchuria.
The archaeological sites were collectively designated a cultural World Heritage Site in 2004, qualifying as such under the first five of the six criteria for cultural heritage sites. The designation includes the archaeological remains of three fortress-cities: Wunü Mountain City, Gungnae and Hwando, and forty identified tombs of Goguryeo imperial and noble families.
In 2010, the Chinese government established the Ji'an Gaogouli National Archaeological Park (Chinese: 集安高句丽考古遗址公园), which includes all of the Goguryeo World Heritage Sites in Ji'an and Jilin, but not the ones in Liaoning (such as Wunü Mountain City).
North Korea initially attempted to register the world heritage of the sites from around 2000. Although it was scheduled to be registered in 2003, China opposed the sole registration of North Korea and applied for registration of the Goguryeo ruins scattered in Jilin Province. For this reason, the remains of North Korea and the People's Republic of China were registered in the form of simultaneous registration in 2004. It is recognized that there is an existence of a question on the history of Goguryeo between North Korea and China.

## Capital cities

Wunü Mountain City (Onyeosanseong) was the first capital of Goguryeo. Gungnae and Hwando were also capitals of Goguryeo.
Wunü Mountain City is only partly excavated. Gungnae City, within the modern city of Ji'an, played the role of a supporting capital after the main Goguryeo capital moved to Pyongyang. Hwando contains many vestiges including a large palace and many tombs.
The capital cities of the Goguryeo are an early example of mountain cities later imitated by neighbouring cultures. The system of capital cities represented by Gungnae City and Wandu Mountain City also influenced the construction of later capitals built by the Goguryeo regime.
The capital cities of the Goguryeo represent a perfect blending of human creation and nature whether with the rocks or with forests and rivers.

## Tombs

The site includes archaeological remains of 40 tombs which were built by Goguryeo, which ruled over parts of northeast China and the northern half of the Korean Peninsula.
Some of the tombs have elaborate ceilings designed to roof wide spaces without columns and carry the heavy load of a stone or earth tumulus (mound) was placed above them. The paintings in the tombs, while showing artistic skills and specific style, are also an example of strong influence from various cultures.
The tombs represent a masterpiece of the human creative genius in their wall paintings and structures.
# Capital Cities Communications Inc v Canadian Radio-Television Commission

Capital Cities Communications v. CRTC (1977), [1978] 2 S.C.R. 141 is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the legislative jurisdiction of cable television. Chief Justice Laskin, writing for the majority of the Court, held that all television, even where exclusively produced and distributed within the province, fell within the definition of a federal undertaking under section 92(10)(a) of the Constitution Act, 1867.
Rogers Cable provided a subscription service for American television programs. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (at the time of the decision recently renamed from the Canadian Radio-Television Commission, in both cases abbreviated CRTC), a federal regulatory agency, required television broadcasters such as Rogers to remove the commercials from American television feeds and replace them with Canadian ads (simultaneous substitution). Capital Cities Communications at the time owned WKBW-TV, a station based in Buffalo, New York that had a strong following in the province of Ontario. The then-owners of fellow Buffalo stations WGR-TV and WBEN-TV joined Capital Cities in the suit.
The issue before the Court was whether the federal government had legislative jurisdiction over the content of cable television.
Laskin held that both cable and broadcast television were both within the jurisdiction of the federal government.
This decision was released along with the accompanying case Dionne v. Quebec (Public Service Board) [1978] 2 S.C.R. 191.
# On a Shoestring to Coorg

On a Shoestring to Coorg is a book by Irish author Dervla Murphy. It was first published by John Murray in 1976. The book is usually given the subtitle An Experience of Southern India, but has been called An Experience of South India and A Travel Memoir of India.

## Summary

On a Shoestring to Coorg describes the 1973 journey of Murphy and her four-year-old daughter Rachel through India. They travel slowly by bus, train and boat from Mumbai to Cape Comorin, the southernmost point of India. They then return to the place they enjoyed the most, the hill province of Kodagu (Coorg). There they live simply for two months, integrating themselves with the local community.

## Publication history

The book was first published in 1976. Like Murphy's other earlier works, it was published by Jock Murray of the John Murray publishing house. When Jock died and his publishing house was sold, Murphy moved to Eland Books, who republished the book in 2014.
# Caprinia unicoloralis

Caprinia unicoloralis is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hamilton Kenrick in 1907 and it is found in Papua New Guinea.
It has a wingspan of 36 mm.
# Canoeing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's K-2 500 metres

The Women's K-2 500m event at the 2010 South American Games was held March 28, 2010 at 10:00.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Aura María Ospina Tatiana Muñoz Colombia | Juliana Domingos Naiane Pereira Brazil | Maria Cecilia Collueque Maria Fernanda Lauro Argentina |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| | Colombia Aura María Ospina Tatiana Muñoz | 1:48.60 |
| | Brazil Juliana Domingos Naiane Pereira | 1:49.13 |
| | Argentina Maria Cecilia Collueque Maria Fernanda Lauro | 1:49.84 |
| 4 | Chile Barbara Alejandra Gomez Fabiola Alejandra Pavez | 1:50.91 |
| 5 | Venezuela Eliana Escalona Vanessa Yorsel Silva | 1:53.83 |
# Gill College

Gill College is a South African high school in Somerset East, Sarah Baartman District Municipality. It was founded in 1869 as a university.
The school's namesake, Dr. William Gill, died in 1863 and left an estate equivalent to £23,000 (equivalent to £2,779,739 in 2023) for the establishment of a college of higher education. Dr Gill nominated seven men to form Gill College Corporation. Included in the seven was James Leonard who was a prominent lawyer, another Dr Langham Dale. The corporation set about building the college. Gill College was officially opened on March 18, 1869. The architecture was based on that of the University of Glasgow.
In 1903, a change in educational regulations caused Gill College to become a high school. The high school was coeducational before 1928 and again after 1965; between those dates it was a boys' school.

## Notable alumni

* Michael du Plessis, former South African rugby union player
* Willie du Plessis, former South African rugby union player
* James Weston Leonard, former Attorney-General of the Cape Colony
* Hannes Marais, former South African rugby union player
* FA Meiring, former South African rugby union player
* James Rose Innes, former Chief Justice of South Africa
# Capperia zelleri

Capperia zelleri is a moth of the family Pterophoridae found on Sicily.
The wingspan is about 14 mm.
# Big Chill Super Chargers

The Big Chill Super Chargers is a basketball team currently playing in the PBA Developmental League and is owned by Agri Nurture, Inc. The team also played for the Philippine Basketball League as the FCA Cultivators for the league's 2010 season.

## Finals stint

Big Chill finished runner-up to NLEX Road Warriors twice, during the 2011-12 PBA D-League Foundation Cup and the 2013-14 Aspirants Cup.

## Roster list (2011-present)

* Jeckster Apinan
* Juneric Baloria
* Rodney Brondial
* Mark Angelo Canlas #9
* Reil Cervantes
* Jesse James Collado #29
* Jopher Custodio #26
* June Dizon #4
* Jerry Glorioso #8
* Brian Heruela
* Keith Jensen #32
* Janus Lozada #24
* John Dexter Maiquez #11
* Alex Mallari #11
* Rafael Mangahas #9
* Jefferson Morillo #5
* Terrence Romeo #7
* Allan Santos #12
* Thomas Elliot Tan #6
* Jess Mar Villahermosa

## 2010 PBL roster

ANI - FCA Cultivators Roster :
| Head Coach: Toto Dojillo | Head Coach: Toto Dojillo | Head Coach: Toto Dojillo | Head Coach: Toto Dojillo | |
| PG | 3 | | Mark Cagoco | Jose Rizal University |
| SG | 4 | | Garri Keith Sevilla | College of Saint Benilde |
| F/C | 5 | | Jason Pascual | Mapua Tech |
| PG | 7 | | Rio Zaldy Flores | |
| PG | 8 | | Cielito Gelasque | |
| F | 9 | | Macky Acosta | Mapua Tech |
| F | 12 | | Jopher Custodio | MLQU |
| G/F | 13 | | Roman Ong | |
| F | 15 | | Neil Pascual | Mapua Tech |
| F | 16 | | Raymond Matias | |
| PG | 17 | | Hywel Shaun Lee | |
| PG | 18 | | Christopher Otacan | |
| F | 19 | | Allen Morales | |
| F/C | 31 | | James Ryan Sena | Jose Rizal University |
| G/F | 45 | | Christian Luanzon | UST |
| (C) - Captain, (I) - Import, (R) - Reserve, (S) - Suspended | (C) - Captain, (I) - Import, (R) - Reserve, (S) - Suspended | (C) - Captain, (I) - Import, (R) - Reserve, (S) - Suspended | (C) - Captain, (I) - Import, (R) - Reserve, (S) - Suspended | ANI - FCA Cultivators |
Other people
* Assistant coaches: Jefferson Te, Freddie Tanlo, Paul Li
* Team Owner: Mr.Antonio Tiu
* Board Representative: Mr.James Tiu
* Team Manager: Mr.Roman Ong
# Gilman Kraft

Gilman Kraft (April 22, 1926 – June 27, 1999) was an American publisher and former owner of Playbill.

## Biography

Kraft was born in Union City, New Jersey on April 22, 1926. During World War II, he served as a Japanese linguist. After graduating from Columbia College in 1947, he founded the Reader's Subscription book club in 1951, and hired Lionel Trilling, Jacques Barzun, and W. H. Auden as editors.
In 1957, Kraft took over the then-flagging Broadway program service Playbill and operated it for ten years. He was also publisher of Show magazine in 1965 and 1966. He then moved to Los Angeles to found Performing Arts in 1966, while also investing in commercial and residential real estate. The magazine he founded provides printed programs for the Los Angeles County Music Center, the Orange County Performing Arts Center, San Francisco Opera and Ballet, the Pasadena Playhouse and more than 40 other venues in California.

## Personal life

Kraft was married to Ruth Kraft. He died on June 27, 1999, in Beverly Hills, California at age 73. His brother is the syndicated columnist Joseph Kraft, whose work landed him on the master list of Nixon's political opponents.
# Bildi

Bildi is a village and former minor princely state on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India.
The village lies at km 612 along the Mathura–Vadodara section railroad, between Morwani and Raoti (Madhya Pradesh).

## History

The petty princely state in Gohelwar prant was ruled by Sindi Chieftains. It also comprised only the villages.
In 1901 it has a population of 388, yielding a state revenue of 749 rupees (1903-4, nearly half from land), paying no tribute.
# Capraita

Capraita is a genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are some 60 described species in the Nearctic and Neotropics.

## Selected species

* Capraita carinimera
* Capraita circumdata (Randall, 1838)
* Capraita cuyaba Bechyné, 1957
* Capraita durangoensis (Jacoby, 1892)
* Capraita encarpalis
* Capraita flavida (Horn, 1889)
* Capraita indigoptera (J. L. LeConte, 1878)
* Capraita nigrosignata (Schaeffer, 1920) (germander flea beetle)
* Capraita obsidiana (Fabricius, 1801)
* Capraita pervittata (Blake, 1927)
* Capraita punzonensis
* Capraita quercata (Fabricius, 1801)
* Capraita saltatra (Blatchley, 1923)
* Capraita scalaris (F. E. Melsheimer, 1847)
* Capraita sexmaculata (Illiger, 1807) (Charlie Brown flea beetle)
* Capraita spilonota (Blake, 1927)
* Capraita stichocephala
* Capraita sublaevis
* Capraita subvittata (Horn, 1889)
* Capraita suturalis (Fabricius, 1801)
* Capraita texana (Crotch, 1873)
* Capraita thelma
* Capraita thyamoides (Crotch, 1873)
* Capraita virkkii
# Gilkeya

Gilkeya is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Gilkeya compacta. It is named after the American mycologist Helen Margaret Gilkey (1886–1972).
The genus was circumscribed by Matthew Edward Smith, James Martin Trappe and David M. Rizzo in Mycologia Vol.98 (Issue 5) on pages 705 in 2007.
# Gilkicker Lagoon

Gilkicker Lagoon is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Gosport, Hampshire, England. The SSSI covers 4.07 hectares.
There are five species of rare mollusc at the Lagoon.
# Oncophorus

Oncophorus is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Dicranaceae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
There are 17 species, including:
* Oncophorus conglomeratus Brid.
* Oncophorus crenulatus (Mitt.) Braithw.
* Oncophorus virens (Hedw.)
# Bill Stead

William Alexander George Stead (1887 – 5 June 1939) was an English professional goalkeeper who played for Southampton, Salisbury City, Aberdeen and Clapton Orient in the early twentieth century.

## Football career

Stead was born in the Portsea area of Portsmouth, but joined south coast rivals Southampton as a teenager. He was the third choice goalkeeper, but following an injury to George Clawley and with Tom Burrows already out for several months, he was called into the first-team for a Southern League match at Brentford on 30 December 1905, which was lost 2–1. He retained his place for the next two matches, a league match at home to Norwich City (won 2–1) and an F.A. Cup match against his home-town club, Portsmouth.
The F.A. Cup match against Portsmouth on 13 January 1906 was the first F.A. Cup meeting between the two fierce rivals. Because of the large crowd expected, the local registrars in both towns postponed voting in the 1906 general election until the following week. The match at The Dell was attended by a capacity crowd of 14,000 and the Portsmouth fans, together with their players, did their best to unsettle the inexperienced 'keeper. Stead, however, showed few signs of nerves and produced a "phlegmatic performance", restricting Portsmouth to a single goal from Dan Cunliffe, while the Saints scored five and eventually progressed to the last eight, where they lost 3–0 at Liverpool.
Following the return of Clawley to full fitness, Stead realised that he was unlikely to obtain regular first-team football with the Saints, so he moved to Salisbury City, then playing in the Second Division of the Southern League. Despite brief spells with Aberdeen and Clapton Orient, Stead remained with the Salisbury club until 1920.

## Later career

In 1920, Stead became a seaman on board the Cunard liner Mauretania; he later joined the Union-Castle Line, sailing on the Durban Castle.
# Bill Brand

Bill Brand may refer to:
* Bill Brand (TV series), a British television drama series produced in 1976
* Bill Brand (film artist) (born 1949), experimental film and video artist
# Bill Jennings (Australian footballer)

William Maurice Jennings (17 November 1879 – 27 February 1943) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Bill Jennings died in 1943 and is buried at Burwood Cemetery.