OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kirpa Ram Vij

Kirpa Ram Vij (1935 – 29 October 2022) was an Indian-born Singaporean civil servant, business executive, and brigadier-general who served as Director, General Staff of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) between 1970 and 1974.
Vij was born in Hazara District in British India (now Pakistan) in 1935 and moved to Singapore after 1947. He graduated from the Raffles Institution in 1956. He later joined the Singapore Volunteer Corps as lieutenant in 1960.
Before becoming the Director, General Staff, Vij served in the civil service and was the Director of the Singapore Command and Staff College. He became a brigadier-general and was head of the SAF between 1970 and 1974.
After leaving the SAF, Vij became the Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of National Development between 1974 and 1975, then the Singapore Ambassador to Egypt between 1975 and 1979, and Head of Training at the Civil Service Institute until 1981.
Leaving the civil service, he became the general manager in Neptune Orient Lines in 1981.
Vij died on 29 October 2022, at the age of 87.
# Flyer F600 NG

The Flyer F600 NG is an ultralight aircraft from the Brazilian manufacturer Flyer Industria Aeronáutica, Eireli.

## Design and development

The Flyer F600 NG is a modern further development of the Kolb Flyer developed by the US-American Homer Kolb in the 1970s, the beginning of ultralight aviation, as well as the Flyer GT which emerged from it and was built by the company in about 750 copies.
The aircraft is designed as a strutted shoulder-wing with a conventional tail unit and has a fixed nose wheel landing gear. The cabin, with two tandem seat, can be entered through side doors.

## Specifications

Data from Flyer Indústria Aeronáutica
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Capacity: Two
* Length: 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 9.75 m (32 ft 0 in)
* Height: 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 10.8 m$^2$ (116 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 350 kg (772 lb)
* Gross weight: 600 kg (1,323 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax-912-ULS boxer engine, 75 kW (100 hp)
* Propellers: 3-bladed Sensenich
Performance
* Maximum speed: 213 km/h (132 mph, 115 kn)
* Cruise speed: 108 km/h (67 mph, 58 kn)
* Range: 1,110 km (690 mi, 600 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 3,500 m (11,500 ft)
* Aviation portal
# Royal Barcelona Maritime Club

The Royal Barcelona Maritime Club (Catalan: Reial Club Marítim de Barcelona (RCMB), Spanish: Real Club Marítimo de Barcelona) is a member-only yacht club based in Barcelona. It was established in 1881 and is one of the oldest yacht clubs in Spain.
This club is located at one end of Barcelona harbor, close to where la Rambla meets the sea, by the "Maremagnum" shopping mall and aquarium complex. The RCMB is a well-equipped yacht club, with its own delimited area situated very close to its rival Royal Barcelona Yacht Club (Reial Club Nàutic de Barcelona), which is considered more elitist. The RCMB's area is an "administrative concession" from the Barcelona Port Authority. It houses the club's premises, where there is a cafeteria cum restaurant specialized in fish dishes.
The club has 251 moorings for yachts of average size. On its NE side there is a dry dock area and repair facilities for both sail and motor boats. The club also offers sailing courses and watersports courses.
The Royal Barcelona Maritime Club regularly organizes regattas. It has participated in many sailing competitions and has won more than 1.000 medals in domestic competitions, as well as over 200 medals in international competitions. It won also the first olympic medal for Spain in the 1932 Olympics.
# Roy M. Harrison

Roy Michael Harrison (born 14 October 1948) is a British environmental scientist. He has been Queen Elizabeth II Birmingham Centenary Professor of Environmental Health at the University of Birmingham since 1991, and is a distinguished adjunct professor at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

## Early life and education

Roy Michael Harrison was born on 14 October 1948 to Wilfred and Rosa Harrison (née Cotton). He was educated at Henley Grammar School and the University of Birmingham, where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry in 1969, followed by a PhD in organic chemistry in 1972 and a Doctor of Science degree in environmental chemistry in 1989. His PhD research investigated sigmatropic reactions of tropolone ethers.

## Research and career

Harrison is an expert on air pollution, specialising in the area of airborne particulates, including nanoparticles. His interests extend from source emissions, through atmospheric chemical and physical transformations, to human exposures and effects upon health. His most significant work has been in the field of vehicle emitted particles, including their chemical composition and atmospheric processing. This forms the basis of the current understanding of the relationship of emissions to roadside concentrations and size distributions.
In addition to leading a large project on diesel exhaust particles, he is also engaged in major collaborative studies of processes determining air quality in Beijing and Delhi.

### Awards and honours

Harrison's work has been recognised by award of the John Jeyes Medal and Environment Prize of the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Fitzroy Prize of the Royal Meteorological Society. He has served for many years as a chair and/or member of advisory committees of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Department of Health. He was appointed Order of the British Empire OBE in the 2004 New Year Honours for services to environmental science and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2017.

## Personal life

Harrison married Angela Copeman in 1981. After their divorce, he married Susan Stuart in 1989. Harrison has a son and a daughter from his first marriage, and a son from his second. He enjoys "mowing and other outdoor pursuits".
# Wester Ross Coastal Trail

The Wester Ross Coastal Trail is a route in the Western part of the Scottish Highlands. The route consists of the A832 road, the A896 road and the Applecross Peninsula. The northern end of the route is the junction with the A835 south of Ullapool. The southern end of the route is at Auchtertyre near Kyle of Lochalsh.

## Route

From the north, the route passes the following places:
* An Teallach - 1,062m
* Little Loch Broom,
* Loch Ewe,
* Tournaig,
* Gairloch and Loch Gairloch,
* Loch Maree,
* Slioch - 981m
* Beinn Eighe - 1,110m
* Fionn Bheinn - 933m
* Loch Torridon
* Torridon
* Loch Shieldaig
* Applecross
* Bealach na Ba - fabulous mountain pass
* Lochcarron
* An Ruadh-stac - 892m
* Auchtertyre
# Rubiano

Rubiano is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Grado, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
The population is 26 (INE 2007).

## Villages and hamlets

* La Calea
* Entre el Valle (Entelvalle)
* Las Cortes
* El Regueral (El Reglal)
* Rubiano
* Trillapeña (Triapeña)
* La Morada
# Klaus Lackner

Klaus S. Lackner is the Founding Director of the Center for Negative Carbon Emissions (CNCE) and a professor in School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment at Arizona State University. He is scientific advisor to Carbon Collect Limited (name changed from Silicon Kingdom Holdings Limited in April 2021), and senior science advisor to Aircela Inc. He is a pioneer in carbon management and is the first to suggest capturing carbon dioxide from air in the context of addressing climate change.
His works include demonstrating and improving passive methods to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, integrating air capture technology with applications for using carbon dioxide, exploring safe and permanent disposal options for carbon dioxide, and identifying opportunities for automation and scaling.As of 28 December 2019 his publications have been cited 12771 times and his h-index is 53.
Previously, he was the director of the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at the Earth Institute. and Faculty in the Earth and Environmental Engineering department at Columbia University from 2001-2014. Along with CNCE executive director Allen Wright, he co-founded one of the first privately held air capture companies—Global Research Technologies (GRT)—in Tucson, Arizona where they demonstrated the moisture swing.
Prior to his academic work he held appointments at the theoretical division of Los Alamos National Laboratory for nearly 17 years.
His idea of the self-replicating machines along with his colleague, Christopher Wendt, was featured in 1995 by Discover Magazine as "One of the 7 Ideas that can Change the World."
He has also invented the Mechanical Tree which is designed to soak up passively the carbon dioxide from the air.

## Mechanical trees

Klaus designed the prototype Mechanical Tree (also referred to as a Synthetic Tree or Fake Tree,) which was on display at the 'Our Future Planet' temporary exhibition at the Science Museum, London from May 2021 until September 2022. The technology consists of sorbent tiles which cyclically are extended into the air and then retracted for regeneration. The sorbent tiles passively soak up the carbon dioxide from the air using 'passive direct air capture' (PDAC) technology and are claimed to be 1,000 times more efficient than natural trees that use photosynthesis. Subsequently the carbon dioxide captured can be either sequestered in underground geological formations or sold for industrial use.
The PDAC and Mechanical Tree technology has been licensed to Carbon Collect Limited by CNCE.
# Fodina pallula

Fodina pallula is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.
# Fodinichnia

Fodinichnia /ˌfɒdɪˈnɪkniə/ (singular fodinichnion) are trace fossils formed by deposit feeders as they excavate the sediment in search of food. They tend to have repeated patterns (e.g. Chondrites) or spreites (e.g. Rhizocorallium), the shape reflecting the systematic feeding strategy used by the organism as it scours the sediment. Deposit feeding often results in structures with no overlapping parts, as the deposit feeder optimises its nourishment intake by avoiding going over the same area more than once. This avoidance behavior is called phobotaxis.
The shape of fodinichnia can yield evidence of the depositional environment of the sediment in which they were made. For example, a trace with highly sinuous branches may reflect nutrient-poor conditions where the organism needed to ingest more sediment in order to acquire the same amount of nutriment that a straighter branch in a nutrient-rich environment would.
# Fodina afflicta

Fodina afflicta is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in Madagascar.
The male of this species has a wingspan of 30 mm. The holotype was found in the Ankaratra massif in an altitude of 1850 m.
# Wheeny Creek, New South Wales

Wheeny Creek is a locality of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the City of Hawkesbury north-east of Kurrajong.
At the 2011 census, the population of Wheeny Creek was counted as part of Mountain Lagoon, which had 327 people.
# Kit Thomas

Kit Thomas (born May 25, 1947) is an American film maker and record producer.

## Life and career

As a filmmaker, Kit Thomas' projects have won awards including two Emmys, and his film Burning Down Tomorrow, commissioned by rock musician Sting to raise awareness about the global rainforest crisis, was nominated for an Oscar (Best Documentary) in 1991. He co-produced the ECO (Earth Communication Office) PSA campaign which was adopted by the United Nations Environment Program and, according to a Pepperdine University study, has been seen by over one billion people worldwide, a world record for public service announcements. He was selected by the United Nations to co-produce their official 50th Anniversary film, entitled A Place To Stand.
As a record producer, Thomas has produced over sixty albums of jazz, pop, and world music for artists such as Peter Kater. He has been a member of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences since 1985, serving eight years on the Board of Governors, and twenty-five years as Chairman of a National Screening Committee for the Grammy Awards.
Thomas has supported the Women's Earth Alliance, Global Green, the Jane Goodall Institute, Free the Slaves and MusiCares. In 2002 he founded the Common Ground Interfaith Forum in Philadelphia and was Executive Director from 2002 to 2008.
A resident of Santa Barbara, Thomas serves as Director of Programming and Industry Relations for the Illuminate Film Festival and as Executive Director of The Circle of Wisdom, a non-profit digital library. He has continued to direct and produce videos that advocate for the protection of the Amazon Rainforest.
# Weste

Weste may refer to:

## People

* Gretna Margaret Weste (1917–2006), Australian pathologist and mycologist
* Neil Weste (born 1951), Australian inventor and engineer

## Places

* Weste, Lower Saxony, Germany
# Route 2 (Bolivia)

Route 2 is a National Road in Bolivia. It connects La Paz to Khasani via Batallas and Copacabana, is paved for its entire length.

## Route description

Route 2 has a length of 155 kilometers and runs in mostly west-east direction. Starting in the La Paz suburb of El Alto at Route 1, the road continues out to the Route 41 beltway on the western fringes of the city. Upon reaching the town of Batallas, the road turns north. Roughly 13 km north of the town of Batallas, in the town of Huarina, the road meets Route 16, which continues north towards the Bolivian Amazon and allows through traffic to bypass the cities of Puno and Juliaca in Peru. Route 2 continues west towards Copacabana, where it runs along the edge of the formal townsite. The last 8 kilometers of the road is generally southbound, ending at the Khasani Border Crossing, across the border from the Peruvian city of Yunguyo.

## History

This road was included in the Fundamental Road Network by Supreme Decree 25,134 of August 31, 1998.
# Weyakwin

Weyakwin is a northern hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is situated along Highway 2 on the south bank of Weyakwin River. The Weyakwin River flows from Weyakwin Lake east to Montreal Lake.

## Name

The name of the community comes from the Cree language, meaning Foul or profane language.
The community is known in Cree as ᐏᔭᐦᑵᐏᓂᕽ wiyahkwêwinihk.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Weyakwin had a population of 100 living in 30 of its 36 total private dwellings, a change of -2% from its 2016 population of 102. With a land area of 5.27 km$^2$ (2.03 sq mi), it had a population density of 19.0/km$^2$ (49.1/sq mi) in 2021.
# Foeke Kuipers

Foeke Kuipers (30 August 1871 – 17 December 1954) was a Dutch architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Royal Defence Corps

The Royal Defence Corps was a corps of the British Army formed in 1916 and disbanded in 1936.
As part of the reorganisation of home defence forces by Field Marshal Sir John French, Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, the Royal Defence Corps was created to “...carry out duties connected with the local defence of the United Kingdom, including those hitherto performed by the Supernumerary Territorial Force Companies....." The role of the corps was thus to provide troops for security and guard duties inside the United Kingdom, guarding important locations such as ports, bridges and railways, as well as prisoner-of-war camps.
In addition to the Supernumerary Companies, 18 (Home Service) Garrison battalions of line infantry regiments became part of the RDC. Garrison battalions were composed of soldiers either too old or medically unfit for active front-line service; the Home Service status indicated they were unable to be transferred overseas. The corps was never intended to be employed on overseas service.
The RDC was organised into independent companies of men aged between 41 and 60. Protection Companies guarded infrastructure, while Observation Companies kept watch for enemy activity off the coast and in the skies. Uniform distinctions included a cap badge of the royal cipher and crown within a circlet formed by the words 'ROYAL DEFENCE CORPS' and a brass 'RDC' shoulder title. In April 1918 some 27,000 men were serving in the RDC. Of these, 14,000 were employed at prisoner of war camps.
The RDC was disbanded in 1919, before being reconstituted in 1922. It was finally disbanded in 1936, when its functions were taken over by the National Defence Companies of the Territorial Army.
# Nepenthes 'Boca Rose'

Nepenthes 'Boca Rose' is a cultivar of a complex manmade hybrid involving N. maxima, N. mirabilis, N. northiana, N. rafflesiana, N. veitchii, and a plant identified as N. thorelii. It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett in 1990. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, and Jan Schlauer considers the epithet "doubtfully acceptable" as it may conflict with Article 19.24. Nepenthes 'Boca Rose' is a synonym of N. × hareliana and was originally published in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x hareliana var. “Boca Rose”".
Other cultivars of the same cross include N. 'Alba', N. 'Red Skeleton', N. 'Rouge', and N. 'Vittata'.
# Folsom Lake Civic Ballet

Folsom Lake Civic Ballet is the official dance company for Folsom, California, USA. It is primarily a pre-professional ballet, and most performers are auditioned from the Folsom dance school Hawkins School of Performing Arts although adult dancers are invited as 'guest artists'.
# Westerwald-Obereichsfeld

Westerwald-Obereichsfeld is a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district Eichsfeld, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Westerwald-Obereichsfeld is in Küllstedt.
The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Westerwald-Obereichsfeld consists of the following municipalities:
* Büttstedt
* Effelder
* Großbartloff
* Küllstedt
* Wachstedt
# Neodymium(III) iodate

Neodymium(III) iodate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Nd(IO$_3$)$_3$.

## Preparation

Neodymium(III) iodate can be produced by the hydrothermal reaction of neodymium(III) nitrate or neodymium(III) oxide and iodic acid in water at 230 °C:
    Nd(NO$_3$)$_3$ + 3 HIO$_3$ → Nd(IO$_3$)$_3$ + 3 HNO$_3$
    Nd$_2$O$_3$ + 6 HIO$_3$ → 2 Nd(IO$_3$)$_3$ + 3 H$_2$O

## Properties

Neodymium(III) iodate can be thermally decomposed as follows:
    7 Nd(IO$_3$)$_3$ → Nd$_5$(IO$_6$)$_3$ + Nd$_2$O$_3$ + 9 I$_2$ + 21 O$_2$
Its monohydrate is known, crystallizing in the monoclinic crystal system, with space group P2$_1$, and its pyroelectric coefficient at room temperature is 2.2×10$^{−5}$ C·m$^{−2}$/K.
# Klikia

Klikia is a genus of fossil air-breathing land snails, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Elonidae.
This genus is named after Bohumil Klika (1868-1942, also known as Gottlieb Klika), the author of the 1891 book Die tertiaeren Land- und Süsswasser-Conchylien des nord-westlichen Böhmen.

## Original description

The genus Klikia was originally described by Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1895.
Pilsbry's original text (the type description) reads as follows:
   Section Klikia Pilsbry, 1894.
   Shell depressed-globose, narrowly umbilical, with convex, obtuse spire and round periphery. Surface costulate-striate and minutely papillae in regular diamond pattern. Last whorl constricted behind the lip, which is well reflexed and thickened. Type H. osculum Thomae [de], pl. 71, fig. 49.
   This apparently extinct type of Helicodonta is characteristic of middle European Miocene, where it coexisted -with species of Caracollina, such as phacodes Thomae, and with species of typical Helicodonta; H. involuta Thomae being allied to the recent angigyra and biconcava. The strong differentiation of these sectional groups at as early a period as the lower Miocene (when they were, in fact, as strongly differentiated as in the recent fauna), argues a vastly greater antiquity for the genus as a whole. This group is named in honor of Gottlieb Klika, author of an excellent memoir upon tertiary
   land and fresh-water shells of Bohemia.
# Royal Oak Mall

Royal Oak Mall is a shopping centre located in Royal Oak, Auckland, New Zealand, on Manukau Road. Completed in 1988, it has been a significant business hub in the area. The mall underwent expansions in the mid-1980s, 1993, and 2009, enhancing its capacity and the variety of services offered.

## History

The Royal Oak Mall was initially completed in 1988, serving as a key commercial and social gathering place in Royal Oak. Its first expansion in the mid-1980s was followed by further developments in 1993 and 2009. These expansions have allowed the mall to accommodate a wider range of shops and services, catering to the growing needs of the local community.

## Renovation and modernisation

After many years of wear and tear, Royal Oak Mall underwent a major refurbishment to revitalize its appearance and functionality. The renovation, which touched every aspect of the mall from the interior to the exterior, included replacing outdated flooring with fresh new tiling and adopting a new colour scheme to modernize the look and feel of the mall. The exterior of the main building was refreshed with hues of Resene Arrowtown, and the columns were accented with Resene Double Arrowtown. Inside, the mall adopted a lightened palette with Resene Quarter Thorndon Cream as the backbone, complemented by Resene Aluminium on barrel vaults and Resene Masala on columns and dado lines. This comprehensive makeover aimed to enhance the shopping experience, blending a new, modern aesthetic with the mall's established environment.

## Facilities and stores

The mall houses over 50 shops, offering a diverse range of products and services. These include grocery stores, homeware and furniture outlets, and travel agencies, among others. This variety makes the mall a one-stop destination for shopping and services in the Royal Oak area.

## Operating hours and holidays

Royal Oak Mall is closed on New Year's Day, Auckland Anniversary Day, Waitangi Day, Good Friday, and Easter Sunday, reflecting the local observance of these public holidays.
# Ruhaniyat – The All India Sufi & Mystic Music Festival

Ruhaniyat – The All India Sufi & Mystic Music Festival is a music festival held in across India. It is organised by Mumbai-based cultural organisation Banyan Tree Events between November and March every year. This Sufi festival is one of the biggest of its kind, and is held in Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Hyderabad. Musicians from various parts of India — sufi qawwals, mystic musicians, Kabir panthis, and Bauls — perform at the festival.

## History

The Ruhaniyat festival started in 2001, the brainchild of Mahesh Babu and Nandini Mahesh, the Directors of Banyan Tree Events, to promote sufi and mystic music has evolved into a prestigious event.

## The festival

Ruhaniyat means Soulfulness. The festival features the best of maestros in classical, folk and sufi music, discovered from the interiors of remote Indian villages, Turkey, Egypt, Syria etc.

## Performers

Parvathy Baul, Warsi Brothers, Ateeq Hussain Khan, Jari Sufi compositions of Azan Fakir of Manipur, Hafiza Begum Chaudhury, Kabirpanthis Prahlad Tippania from Devas in Madhya Pradesh, Jagar music by Rakesh Bhatt, Vithal Rao etc.
# Rowen (disambiguation)

Rowen is a village in Conwy, Wales.
Rowen may also refer to:
* Rowen (name), a surname and given name
* Rowen (Elemental Gelade), a character from the manga and anime series Elemental Gelade