OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radio Link Protocol

Radio Link Protocol (RLP) is an automatic repeat request (ARQ) fragmentation protocol used over a wireless (typically cellular) air interface. Most wireless air interfaces are tuned to provide 1% packet loss, and most Vocoders are mutually tuned to sacrifice very little voice quality at 1% packet loss. However, 1% packet loss is intolerable to all variants of TCP, and so something must be done to improve reliability for voice networks carrying TCP/IP data.
A RLP detects packet losses and performs retransmissions to bring packet loss down to .01%, or even .0001%, which is suitable for TCP/IP applications. RLP also implements stream fragmentation and reassembly, and sometimes, in-order delivery. Newer forms of RLP also provide framing and compression, while older forms of RLP rely upon a higher-layer PPP protocols to provide these functions.
A RLP transport cannot ask the air interface to provide a certain payload size. Instead, the air interface scheduler determines the packet size, based upon constantly changing channel conditions, and upcalls RLP with the chosen packet payload size, right before transmission. Most other fragmentation protocols, such as those of 802.11b and IP, used payload sizes determined by the upper layers, and call upon the MAC to create a payload of a certain size. These other protocols are not as flexible as RLP, and can sometimes fail to transmit during a deep fade in a wireless environment.
Because a RLP payload size can be as little as 11 bytes, based upon a CDMA IS-95 network's smallest voice packet size, RLP headers must be very small, to minimize overhead. This is typically achieved by allowing both ends to negotiate a variable 'sequence number space', which is used to number each byte in the transmission stream. In some variants of RLP, this sequence counter can be as small as 6 bits.
A RLP protocol can be ACK-based or NAK-based. Most RLPs are NAK-based, meaning that forward-link sender assumes that each transmission got through, and the receiver only NAKs when an out-of-order segment is received. This greatly reduces reverse-link transmissions, which are spectrally inefficient and have a longer latency on most cellular networks. When the transmit pipeline goes idle, a NAK-based RLP must eventually retransmit the last segment a second time, in case the last fragment was lost, to reach a .01% packet loss rate. This duplicate transmission is typically controlled by a "flush timer" set to expire 200-500 milliseconds after the channel goes idle.
The concept of a RLP protocol was invented by Phil Karn in 1990 for CDMA (IS-95) networks. The January 2006 IEEE 802.20 specification uses one of the newest forms of RLP.
Cellular networks such as GSM and CDMA use different variations of RLP. In UMTS and in LTE, the protocol is called RLC (Radio Link Control).
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# L. albiventris

L. albiventris may refer to:
* Leptodactylodon albiventris, a frog species endemic to Cameroon
* Leptoconops albiventris, the white nono, nono blanc des plages or nono purutia, a midge species found in Polynesia
# Denjoy–Luzin theorem

In mathematics, the Denjoy–Luzin theorem, introduced independently by Denjoy (1912) and Luzin (1912) states that if a trigonometric series converges absolutely on a set of positive measure, then the sum of its coefficients converges absolutely, and in particular the trigonometric series converges absolutely everywhere.
# Lacticaseibacillus manihotivorans

Lacticaseibacillus manihotivorans is a starch-hydrolysing lactic acid bacterium first isolated during Cassava sour starch fermentation (common practise in parts of Africa and Asia). It is Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rod-shaped and homofermentative, with type strain OND 32$^T$.
# Radhavallabh Chaturvedi

Pandit Radhavallabh Chaturvedi (12 January 1917 – 10 June 1974) was an Indian singer, music composer of Hindustani classical music, scholar and conservator. His repertoire includes the genres of khyal, Dadra, thumri, Dhrupad, Tappa and Tarana.

## Early life and career

Pandit Radhavallabh Chaturvedi was born in 1917 in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. At the age of 18, he left his home and came to Lucknow to learn music and completed his music education from Bhatkhande Sangeet Mahavidyalaya in 1936. He dedicated his life for conservation of local songs in Braj, Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Bundeli dialects. He was married in 1930 with Rambha Chaturvedi, they have one daughter Neelam Chaturvedi, who is former deputy director of program on Doordarshan.
In 1942, as a music composer, he joined All India Radio in Lucknow and worked there till 1974. He composed about 5000 rare folk songs at Akashvani studio and made notations for each. He became the savior of folk music of Uttar Pradesh, India.
His book "Unchi Atariya Rang Bhari" consists 106 compositions of folk songs like Sariya, Sohar, Janeu, Tona, Jhoola, Kajri, Chaiti, Rasiya, Jhoomar, Dhamaar, Devigeet etc.

## In Popular Culture

Bhajan Samraat Anup Jalota's mother was a student of pandit Radhavallabh Chaturvedi. In 2017, on his birth centenary, Indian classical singer Shubha Mudgal paid tribute to Pandit Radhavallabh Chaturvedi by organizing a program in the India Habitat Centre titled "khazane lok sangeet ke". He dedicated his life to the preservation and promotion of the Indian traditional folk music.
In 2017, Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi dedicated its magazine "Chayanat" to Pandit Radhavallabh Chaturvedi and organised an event titled Awadh Sandhya.
# Guðný Böðvarsdóttir

Guðný Böðvarsdóttir (c. 1142 – 1221) was an Icelandic farm manager and matriarch in the Sturlungar clan. Her three sons, Þórðr, Sighvatr, and Snorri Sturluson, were important chieftains in the Age of the Sturlungs and its violent feuds. A manager of farms at Hvamm, Staðr, Eyri, and Reykholt, she appears as a character in Sturlunga saga and Eyrbyggja saga.

## Family

Descended from the tenth-century poet Egill Skallagrímsson, she was the daughter of Böðvar Þórðarson. She married chieftain Hvamm-Sturla in 1160. She was in her late teens and Sturla, in his forties, had already had one wife and multiple children by his mistresses, and he had more illegitimate children during his marriage to Guðný. Guðný and Hvamm-Sturla had three sons: Þórðr, Sighvatr, and Snorri. Their daughters were Vigdís and Helga. Lewis-Simpson suggests that the children’s names came from Guðný’s ancestors because they were more important than her husband’s.
She appears throughout Hvamm-Sturlu saga, managing the household and trying to temper her husbands’ feuds.
After Sturla’s death in 1183, she travelled to Norway with Ari sterki, father-in-law of her eldest son, and returned to Iceland after Ari's death to reclaim her farm at Hvamm.
Guðný had control over her sons’ property, and spent Snorri’s inheritance herself while he was being fostered at Oddi by Jón Loptsson. This left Snorri without a bride-price for his marriage to Herdís Bersadóttir in 1199, so Guðný raised the money for him. Snorri returned to Oddi, but later reconciled with his mother.
According to Eyrbyggja saga, she was present when the bones of Þórdís súrsdóttir, an ancestor of her husband, were dug up from under a church her son Snorri had built.
Her eldest son Þórðr placed her in charge of his farms at Staðr and Eyri. In 1218, when she was in her seventies, Snorri gave her control of his estate at Reykholt in his absence. After his return, she remained at Reykholt with him until her death.

## Death and legacy

Guðný fostered her grandson Sturla Þórðarson, an illegitimate child of her eldest son Þórðr, and bequeathed her considerable wealth to him on her death. However, she died in Snorri Sturluson’s house, so he took the money himself. Sturla named one of his daughters Guðný, probably in her honour.
Her death is recorded in most Icelandic annals.
# Xylophanes rothschildi

Xylophanes rothschildi is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru south to Bolivia.
The wingspan is 63–72 mm. The upperside of the forewings is dark green with a bluish glow. The base of the wings is also green, but has a deeper colour. The upperside of the hindwings is nearly black with an inconspicuous pinkish-orange median band.
The larvae probably feed on Rubiaceae and Malvaceae species.
# Pericotoxodon

Pericotoxodon is an extinct genus of toxodontid notoungulate, from the Miocene period. Fossils of Pericotoxodon were found near Río Inuya and Mapuya in Peru, and in La Venta, Colombia and Bolivia, in deposits dated to the Middle Miocene.

## Etymology

The genus name, Pericotoxodon, is derived from "Perico", which was named after José Espíritu Pericó, who discovered the holotype in the La Gaviota locality from the Villavieja Formation of Colombia.
# Peroxide-based bleach

A peroxide-based bleach or simply peroxide bleach is any bleach product that is based on the peroxide chemical group, namely two oxygen atoms connected by a single bond, (–O–O–). This bond is fairly weak and is often broken in chemical reactions of peroxides, giving rise to very reactive oxygen species, which are the active agents of the bleach.
Peroxide-based bleaches became common household products in the late 20th century, being the base of many laundry detergent formulations. Most of these products are adducts of hydrogen peroxide (H $_2$O $_2$ or HOOH), that is, solids that contain H $_2$O $_2$ trapped in a crystal structure together with another material like sodium carbonate or urea. An exception is sodium perborate, which has a cyclic structure containing two O-O single bonds.
Peroxide bleaches are considered to be eco-friendly cleaning agents, compared to chlorine-based bleaches that might produce organochlorine compounds.

## Chemistry

All peroxide-based bleaches release hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water. Peroxide bleaches are often used along with bleach activators, such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) or sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS).

## Products

The main products in this class are
* Hydrogen peroxide itself (H $_2$O $_2$). It is used, for example, to bleach wood pulp and hair or to prepare other bleaching agents like the perborates, percarbonates, peracids, etc.
* Sodium percarbonate (Na $_2$H $_3$CO $_6$), an adduct of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda", Na $_2$CO $_3$). Dissolved in water, it yields a solution of the two products, that combines the degreasing action of the carbonate with the bleaching action of the peroxide.
* Sodium perborate (Na $_2$H $_4$B $_2$O $_8$). Dissolved in water it forms some hydrogen peroxide, but also the perborate anion (B(OOH)(OH)$^−$ $_3$)which is activated for nucleophilic oxidation.
# Revolutionary Youth of Angola

The Revolutionary Youth of Angola (Juventude Revolucionária de Angola) is a political movement in Angola. The secretary general is Alicerces Paulo Bartolomeu, also known as Ali Mango, a member of the National Assembly of Angola.
# Xysticus pretiosus

Xysticus pretiosus is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
# Xysticus ulmi

Xysticus ulmi, the swamp crab spider, is a European crab spider of the family Thomisidae which prefers damp habitats. It was first described by the German zoologist Carl Wilhelm Hahn in 1831.

## Description

Males have a body length male of 3–4 mm, females 5-8.3 mm. The triangle on the carapace and the abdomen are much more elongated in Xysticus ulmi compared to the other Xysticus spiders. The leaf-like pattern (the folium) on the dorsum is brownish with some whitish transverse lines towards the posterior. The legs are marked with fine spots. Xysticus ulmi is sexually dimorphic; males are darker than females and the patella and femora of the first and second legs are black.

## Habitat

Xyticus ulmi is usually found on low vegetation and in the ground layer in damp places, especially in wetlands and rough grassland, but in it can also occur in ditches alongside arable fields, hedges, roadside verges and woodland especially where the canopy is not closed, such as coppiced areas. In Europe it is found from the lowlands up to alpine regions.

## Biology

Spiderlings are often found in the litter at the base of vegetation while adults usually occur in herbage. Females guard their egg-sacs, usually near the tip of higher plants. In Britain, the adult spiders are found mainly in May and June with females sometimes being seen into the autumn. Like other members of the genus it is an ambush predator, lying in wait for invertebrate prey. The males subdue the females by stroking their legs then tie them down with silk before mating.

## Distribution

Xysticus ulmi has a palearctic distribution. It is found throughout Europe but it is absent from Iceland. In Britain it avoids very dry areas and becomes scarcer in Scotland.
# Yalungur

In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Bullanji people, Yalungur is a great bird, an eagle or hawk. He was castrated either by Gidja or by Gidja's brother Mali so that Gidja could create the first woman.

## Sources

Nieswand, Jörg (2009). Green Line 5. Available: https://www2.klett.de/sixcms/media.php/229/547160_0002_Dreamtime.pdf Accessed: 2024-04-14
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# Rhodometra sacraria

Rhodometra sacraria, the vestal, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of Systema Naturae.

## Distribution

It can be found throughout Europe, in the Near East, in North Africa, in the Afrotropical realm and in large parts of Asia. It is also found in South America (Chile and Argentina).

## Habitat

Rhodometra sacraria inhabits meadows, forest clearing, paths, gardens and urban environments.

## Description

Rhodometra sacraria has a wingspan reaching 22–28 mm, while the length of the forewings is 12–14 mm. The late generations are smaller and the wingspan has an average of 16–26 mm. These moths are easily distinguishable from the mahogany or pink stripe, located on yellowish or cream background, crossing diagonally the dorsal sides of the upperwings from the posterior margin up to the apex. Discal spots are usually present and have the same colour as the postmedial line.
The dorsal sides of the hindwings are whitish and unmarked. The fringes on the wings are mostly in the basic colour. The abdomen is pure white. Head and thorax are straw yellow. In males the antennae are bipectinated to three-fourths length. The hind tibiae bear two pairs of spurs.
The intensity and the extent of the pink pigmentation is rather variable, depending on the seasonal temperature in the development of the pupae.

## Biology

Usually these moths rest with a tent-like posture on twigs and herbs, with the wings parallel to each other. They fly from April to October in the Northern Hemisphere. They are nocturnal, attracted to light and migrant. These moths breed in North Africa and in southern Europe, since they require constant warmth. The eggs are relatively long, yellowish, with distinct red spots.
The caterpillars mimic twigs and therefore they are quite difficult to locate. They are slender and reach a length of about 25 millimetres. The basic colour is pale brown or green, with a whitish underside. The green forms usually show a dark brown or reddish irregular stripe on the back. The head is reddish brown and relatively small.
These caterpillars feed on knotgrass, dock, Anthemis, Emex, Oxygonum, Persicaria, Rhus and other low growing plants. The pupa can reach a length of 9.2 mm and a diameter of about 2.7 mm. It is yellowish brown coloured, with dark spots.
# Delias nais

Delias nais is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It was described by Karl Jordan in 1912. It is endemic to New Guinea.

## Subspecies

* D. n. nais (Mount Goliath, Central Mountains, Irian Jaya: Western & Southern Highland Provinces, Papua New Guinea)
* D. n. aegle Joicey & Talbot, 1922 (Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea)
* D. n. beehleri van Mastrigt 2011 (Foja Mounts, West Papua)
* D. n. keysseri Rothschild, 1925 Rawlinson Mtns, Papua New Guinea
* D. n. odilae Gotts & Ginn, 2004 (Prince Alexander Mountains, Papua New Guinea)
# Yablonovskoye Urban Settlement

Yablonovskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.
* Yablonovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Yablonovsky and two rural localities in Takhtamukaysky District of the Republic of Adygea are incorporated as
* Yablonovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the urban-type settlement of Yablonovo and the settlement at the station of Kuka in Chitinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai are incorporated as
# Pertusaria cerroazulensis

Pertusaria cerroazulensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found on the Galápagos Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Frank Bungartz, Alan W. Archer, Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, and John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the Cerro Azul volcano (Isabela Island) at an altitude of 1,038 m (3,406 ft), where in a small, shaded woodland, it was growing on twigs of Psidium galapageium. The species epithet refers to the type locality.

## Description

Pertusaria cerroazulensis has a crust-like thallus varying from a continuous to a rimose surface. It appears ivory, creamy white, or pale beige with a dull to slightly shiny, smooth surface that may be wrinkled or rugose. It does not have soredia or isidia. The medulla is white and the margin is not distinctly zonate. It is usually delimited by a thin, compact, black prothallus, especially where it adjoins other thalli.
The apothecia are hemispherical and verruciform, ranging in diameter from 0.7 to 1.2 (occasionally up to 1.8) mm. They are single or occasionally fuse together, and are moderately to distinctly constricted at the base. They are the same colour as the thallus and flattened apically, with one to four greyish to blackish, punctiform to papillate ostioles. The thalline exciple is hyaline and has few large crystals that persist in K. There are abundant minute crystals that dissolve to form a yellow solution in K, which may contain stictic acid. The cortex lacks crystals.
The epihymenium is pale olive and does not react to K. The proper exciple and hypothecium are hyaline to pale yellowish and are not inspersed with crystals. The hymenium is not inspersed, consisting of branched and sparingly anastomosing hyphae that are more or less loosely intertwined around asci. The cylindrical asci contain 4–8 spores. The ascospores are hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, and range from 29 to 88 μm in length and 17–63 μm in width. The spore wall is 2-layered, with an inner wall that is 2–3 μm wide, smooth to irregular, and apically more or less thickened (approximately 4–6 μm), and an outer wall that is 2–4 (occasionally up to 6) μm thick, smooth to very faintly ornamented. No pycnidia were observed in this species.
Lichexanthone, 2-chlorolichexanthone, 2,4-dichlorolichexanthone, stictic acid, cryptostictic acid, and constictic acid are lichen products that are found in this species.
# Dekeyseria niveata

Dekeyseria niveata is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the upper Orinoco River basin. This species grows to a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) SL.
# Rhombodera brachynota

Rhombodera brachynota is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Indomalaya.
# Reverse transcribing virus

Reverse-transcribing virus is a generic term, which may refer to any member of the families:
* Retroviridae, Metaviridae, Belpaoviridae or Pseudoviridae (Baltimore-Group VI: ssRNA-RT virus)
* Caulimoviridae or Hepadnaviridae (Baltimore-Group VII: dsDNA-RT virus)
Families Retroviridae, Metaviridae, Belpaoviridae, Pseudoviridae, and Caulimoviridae are included in the order Ortervirales.
# Abby Shaw Mayhew

Abigail Shaw Mayhew (June 11, 1864 – November 2, 1954) was an American educator, the first director of physical education for women at the University of Wisconsin. She was first director of the YWCA's Normal School of Physical Education and Hygiene in Shanghai, when it opened in 1915.

## Early life and education

Mayhew was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, the daughter of Charles Francis Mayhew and Delia Gardner Shaw Mayhew. She graduated from Wellesley College in 1885. She made further studies of physical training at the Sargent Normal School of Physical Education in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Career
### In the United States

From 1892 to 1897, Mayhew was Physical Director of the Young Women's Christian Association of Minneapolis. In 1897, she became Principal of Ladies' Hall and Instructor in Gymnastics for Women at the University of Wisconsin. She held the titles "Assistant Professor of Physical Training" and "Director of Physical Education for Women" at Wisconsin from 1903 to 1912. Dance educator Margaret H'Doubler was one of her close colleagues at Wisconsin. She was credited with starting the school's women's field hockey program, and with planning the gymnasium that became Lathrop Hall.
Mayhew made headlines in 1906, when she advocated for the healthfulness of dress reform measures, including open necklines and shorter skirts. "We are never going to be free so long as we wear petticoats," she declared. "Woman will never have perfect freedom in dress until she wears something like the gymnasium costume." She was a member of the Woman's Club of Madison beginning in 1908.
Mayhew spoke about her work in China to American women's groups and community organizations during furloughs, and after she retired.

### In China

Mayhew went to Shanghai in 1912, as a representative of the YWCA, to support the introduction of physical education programs for women. She worked with fellow Wellesley College alumna Ying Mei Chun there, and directed the YWCA's Normal School of Physical Education and Hygiene when it opened in 1915. The school eventually became part of Ginling College.
Mayhew was head of the YWCA's Hostess House in Shanghai, from 1924 until she retired in the 1930s. Her work there was described in 1930: "she meets, entertains, and helps interpret the Chinese people to hundreds of guests from all over the world." She attended the wedding of her friend Soong Mei-ling to Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai in 1927.

## Publications

* "Returns on Investment in an Ideal Gymnasium" (1911)
* "Beginnings in Physical Education in China" (1913)
* "Physical Education in China" (1916)
* "Pioneering Physical Education for the Women of China" (1918)

## Personal life

Mayhew died in 1954, at the age of 90, at her home in Wayzata, Minnesota.
# Perizoma actuata

Perizoma actuata is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Perizoma actuata is 7319.
# Periyathirukonam

Periyathirukonam is a village on the bank of maruthai aaru in the Ariyalur taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The famous gods are Iyanar, Adaikka Karuppu, Nondi Karuppu, Malayala Karuppu. A temple build in 765AD is located on the South West corner of the village. It is located 20 km away from its district headquarters Ariyalur.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Periyathirukonam had a total population of 2487 with 1226 males and 1261 females.
# Delamotte

Delamotte may refer to:
* Champagne Delamotte, a small producer of champagne
* Philip Henry Delamotte (1821–1889), British photographer and illustrator
* William Alfred Delamotte (1775–1863), British painter and engraver