OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zariski geometry

In mathematics, a Zariski geometry consists of an abstract structure introduced by Ehud Hrushovski and Boris Zilber, in order to give a characterisation of the Zariski topology on an algebraic curve, and all its powers. The Zariski topology on a product of algebraic varieties is very rarely the product topology, but richer in closed sets defined by equations that mix two sets of variables. The result described gives that a very definite meaning, applying to projective curves and compact Riemann surfaces in particular.

## Definition

A Zariski geometry consists of a set X and a topological structure on each of the sets
    X, X$^2$, X$^3$, ...
satisfying certain axioms.
(N) Each of the X$^n$ is a Noetherian topological space, of dimension at most n.
Some standard terminology for Noetherian spaces will now be assumed.
(A) In each X$^n$, the subsets defined by equality in an n-tuple are closed. The mappings
    X$^m$ → X$^n$
defined by projecting out certain coordinates and setting others as constants are all continuous.
(B) For a projection
    p: X$^m$ → X$^n$
and an irreducible closed subset Y of X$^m$, p(Y) lies between its closure Z and Z \ Z′ where Z′ is a proper closed subset of Z. (This is quantifier elimination, at an abstract level.)
(C) X is irreducible.
(D) There is a uniform bound on the number of elements of a fiber in a projection of any closed set in X$^m$, other than the cases where the fiber is X.
(E) A closed irreducible subset of X$^m$, of dimension r, when intersected with a diagonal subset in which s coordinates are set equal, has all components of dimension at least r − s + 1.
The further condition required is called very ample (cf. very ample line bundle). It is assumed there is an irreducible closed subset P of some X$^m$, and an irreducible closed subset Q of P× X$^2$, with the following properties:
(I) Given pairs (x, y), (x′, y′) in X$^2$, for some t in P, the set of (t, u, v) in Q includes (t, x, y) but not (t, x′, y′)
(J) For t outside a proper closed subset of P, the set of (x, y) in X$^2$, (t, x, y) in Q is an irreducible closed set of dimension 1.
(K) For all pairs (x, y), (x′, y′) in X$^2$, selected from outside a proper closed subset, there is some t in P such that the set of (t, u, v) in Q includes (t, x, y) and (t, x′, y′).
Geometrically this says there are enough curves to separate points (I), and to connect points (K); and that such curves can be taken from a single parametric family.
Then Hrushovski and Zilber prove that under these conditions there is an algebraically closed field K, and a non-singular algebraic curve C, such that its Zariski geometry of powers and their Zariski topology is isomorphic to the given one. In short, the geometry can be algebraized.
# 1911–12 Dundee Hibernian F.C. season

The 1911–12 Dundee Hibernian F.C. season was the third edition of Dundee Hibernian annual football play in the Scottish Football League Second Division, from 1 July 1911 to 30 June 1912.

## Match results

Dundee Hibernian played a total of 22 matches during the 1911–12 season.

### Legend

* Win
* Draw
* Loss
All results are written with Dundee Hibernian's score first. Own goals in italics

### Second Division

| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance |
| 19 August 1911 | East Stirlingshire | A | 1-3 | 3,000 |
| 26 August 1911 | Leith Athletic | H | 1-0 | 4,000 |
| 16 September 1911 | Albion Rovers | A | 0-1 | 2,000 |
| 23 September 1911 | St Johnstone | A | 0-1 | 4,000 |
| 30 September 1911 | Arthurlie | A | 1-1 | 1,000 |
| 7 October 1911 | Albion Rovers | H | 0-1 | 2,000 |
| 14 October 1911 | St Bernard's | H | 2-2 | 2,000 |
| 21 October 1911 | Ayr United | A | 0-6 | 3,000 |
| 28 October 1911 | Abercorn | H | 1-1 | 2,000 |
| 4 November 1911 | St Bernard's | A | 1-7 | 1,500 |
| 11 November 1911 | St Johnstone | H | 1-0 | 2,000 |
| 18 November 1911 | Cowdenbeath | A | 0-2 | 3,000 |
| 25 November 1911 | Arthurilie | H | 0-0 | 2,000 |
| 2 December 1911 | Vale of Leven | A | 0-2 | 500 |
| 9 December 1911 | Leith Athletic | A | 0-3 | 3,500 |
| 16 December 1911 | Ayr United | H | 2-2 | 2,000 |
| 30 December 1911 | Vale of Leven | H | 0-1 | 1,500 |
| 2 January 1912 | Dumbarton | A | 0-1 | 3,000 |
| 6 January 1912 | East Stirlingshire | H | 1-0 | 1,000 |
| 10 February 1912 | Abercorn | A | 1-3 | 2,000 |
| 17 February 1912 | Dumbarton | H | 4-2 | 2,500 |
| 8 April 1912 | Cowdenbeath | H | 5-2 | 1,000 |
# Dioryctria westerlandi

Dioryctria westerlandi is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Julian P. Donahue and Herbert H. Neunzig in 2002 and is known from the US state of California, but the range may extend into Nevada.
The wingspan is 13.5–18.5 millimetres (0.53–0.73 in). Adults are pale with strongly contrasting transverse bands and reddish patches. Adults are on wing from July to October.
The larvae possibly feed on Pinus jeffreyi.
# Dioryctria yiai

Dioryctria yiai is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Akira Mutuura and Eugene G. Munroe in 1972 and is known from Taiwan and China.
There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Pinus massoniana. They damage the branches, cones and shoots of their host plant.
# Dioryctria taedae

Dioryctria taedae is a species of snout moth. It was described by Schaber and Wood in 1971, and is known from Maryland to the south-eastern United States.
The length of the forewings is about 12 mm. There are two generations per year, with adults on wing in late August and again in early October.
The larvae feed on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda).
# Dioon califanoi

Dioon califanoi is a species of cycad that is native to Oaxaca and Puebla states, Mexico. It is found near Teotitlán del Camino and Huautla de Jiménez.
# Robert M. Johnston

Robert M. Johnston may refer to:
* Robert Mackenzie Johnston (1844–1918), Scottish-Australian statistician
* Robert Matteson Johnston (1867–1920), American historian
* Robert Mercer Johnston (born 1908), a Canadian politician
* Robert M. Johnston, co-author of "Elements of Applied Thermodynamics" with William A. Brockett
# Robert Prévost

Robert Prévost, OC (1927–1982) was a Canadian set designer.
He designed sets for Canada's major stage productions, including the Stratford Festival, Les Grands Ballets Canadiens and the Royal Winnipeg Ballet.
In 1972, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Officer in 1978.
# Robert Pruyn

Robert Pruyn may refer to:
* Robert H. Pruyn (1815–1882), American politician and diplomat and father of Robert C. Pruyn
* Robert C. Pruyn (1847–1934), American businessman and son of Robert H. Pruyn
# Zglavnica

Zglavnica (pronounced) is a settlement in the hills east of Šmartno pri Litiji in central Slovenia. It belongs to the Municipality of Litija. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region.
# 1927 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours

The 1927 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours were appointments by George V of New Zealanders to the Royal Victorian Order, to mark the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to New Zealand that year. They were announced on 27 June 1927.
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

## Royal Victorian Order
### Knight Commander (KCVO)

* Sir Robert Heaton Rhodes KBE – New Zealand minister in attendance.
* Sir Heaton Rhodes

### Commander (CVO)

* James Hislop MVO OBE – under secretary for Internal Affairs.
* James Hislop

### Member, fourth class (MVO)

* Captain Edward Patrick Ogilvie Boyle – Royal Scots Fusiliers, military secretary to the Governor-General of New Zealand.
* Frederick James Jones – chairman of the Board of Management, New Zealand Railways.
* William Bernard McIlveney – Commissioner of Police.
In 1984, Members of the Royal Victorian Order, fourth class, were redesignated as Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO).
* Frederick James Jones
* William McIlveney

### Member, fifth class (MVO)

* Charles Robert Broberg – superintendent of Police.
* Henry Raumoa Huatahi Balneavis – private secretary to the Minister of Native Affairs.
* Charles Broberg
* Te Raumoa Balneavis
# Aghion

Aghion is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anne Aghion (born 1960), documentary filmmaker
* Gaby Aghion (born 1921), French fashion designer
* Gabriel Aghion (born 1955), French film director
* Philippe Aghion, French economist
Other uses
# Diminished tuning

Diminished tuning is a system of choosing the reeds for a diatonic wind instrument (such as a harmonica or accordion) in which the blow notes repeat a sequence of
    C E♭ F♯ A
and draw notes follow a repeating sequence of
    D F G♯ B
(perhaps shifted to begin with E♭ and F, with F♯ and G♯, or with A and B).
For example:
    hole  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 blow note CE♭F♯ACE♭F♯ACE♭F♯A draw note DFG♯BDFG♯BDFG♯B
# Zaruhi

Zaruhi (Armenian: Զարուհի) is an Armenian feminine given name that may refer to
* Zarouhie Abdalian (born 1982), American artist
* Zaruhi Babayan (born 1975, Armenian singer
* Zaruhi Bahri (1880–1958), Armenian writer
* Zaruhi Batoyan (born 1979), Armenian government official, activist
* Zari Elmassian (1906–1990) American singer
* Zaruhi Kalemkaryan (1871–1971), prose writer, essayist, poet, and philanthropist of Armenian descent
* Zaruhi Kavaljian (1877–1969), Armenian physician in Turkey
* Zaruhi Postanjyan (born 1972), Armenian Member of Parliament
# Zarya (opera)

Zarya svobody (Russian Заря свободы, German Morgenröte der Freiheit, English The Dawn of Freedom), is an opera in four acts composed between 1873 and 1877 by Ella Adayevskaya (the pseudonym adopted by the composer Elizaveta von Schultz).

## Composition

The opera, which was listed by Adayevskaya as her Op. 8, has a libretto by Richard Genée, translated into Russian by Adayevskaya herself. A manuscript piano score bears the title, in German, Die Morgenröte der Freiheit. The opera bears a dedication to Tsar Alexander II.

## Synopsis

The opera takes place in Little Russia (present-day Ukraine) in 1762. Olga and Pierre have loved each other since childhood, but he is a serf and not of the legal social status to marry her. Olga is encouraged to marry the wicked Nyrkoff, and eventually agrees to do so if he will arrange Pierre's freedom. However, when Pierre learns of Olga's potential sacrifice for his sake, he commits suicide. The marriage is therefore forestalled and Olga retires to a convent, leaving Nyrkoff to his rancour. The opera ends with a prophetic chorus of peasants praising Alexander II's 1861 abolition of serfdom.

## Performances

The work was not approved by the Russian censors of the period. No complete performances are documented. The overture and peasant's chorus from the opera were performed at the Théâtre des Italiens in Paris on 23 April 1877; the composer took part in this performance at the piano. On 23 March 1886, the overture and chorus, (the latter arranged for orchestra) were played at a concert at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia). In the twentieth century the overture was played at a concert in Saalfeld on 5 May 1953.
# Agnes Muir

Agnes Muir was an iron full-rigged ship built in 1869 by Robert Duncan & Co at Port Glasgow. Yard No. 32, her dimensions were 60.24 by 9.82 by 6.07 meters (197.6 ft × 32.2 ft × 19.9 ft) and 901 GRT, 851 NRT and 799 tons under deck.
She was launched on 13 March 1869, built for James Galbraith and partners, Glasgow.
On 27 July 1874 she was sold to Killick Martin & Company, and was initially placed under the command of Captain Evan Lloud. Later that year however the captaincy changed to James Lowe, who remained with her until she was sold by Killick Martin & Company in 1885.
On 19 May 1885 Killick Martin & Company Sold Agnes Muir to E. Tobias in Germany and she was renamed Adele.
She was subsequently sold in 1899 to Lübken, Elsfleth, and again in 1993 to Aktieselskabet Adele (E.M. Olsen), Tønsberg, Norway.
# Diodora elevata

Diodora elevata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

## Description

The size off the shell reaches 18 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off South Africa from Saldanha Bay to North Transkei.
# After the fact

After the fact is an idiom meaning too late, or after something is finished
It may also refer to:
* After the Fact (Rodriguez album) 1976 album by Sixto Rodriguez (reissue of his 1971 album Coming from Reality)
* After the Fact (Magazine album) 1982 album by the band Magazine
* Ex post facto law, a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of an action
* A posteriori, a Latin phrase referring to the epistemological concept of deriving knowledge from past experience
* "After the Fact", a song by the Player Piano from the album Satellite
# Afterburn

Afterburn may refer to:
* Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, the burning of calories after vigorous exercise
* Back-fire, an unintended explosion produced by a vehicle's engine
* Afterburn (psychotherapy), a psychological term used during the application of psychotherapy
* Afterburn (1992 film), a film starring Laura Dern
* Afterburn (upcoming film), an upcoming American post-apocalyptic science fiction action film
* Afterburner, an optional component in jet engines
* Agnelli & Nelson, who write and produce dance music, under the name Afterburn, among others
* Afterburn (roller coaster), a Bolliger & Mabillard coaster at Carowinds
* WWE Afterburn, a television show produced by World Wrestling Entertainment
# Zane Township, Logan County, Ohio

Zane Township is one of the seventeen townships of Logan County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,191.

## Geography

Located in the southeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Perry Township - north
* Liberty Township, Union County - northeast
* Allen Township, Union County - east
* Rush Township, Champaign County - southeast
* Wayne Township, Champaign County - southwest
* Monroe Township - west
* Jefferson Township - northwest corner
No municipalities are located in Zane Township, although the unincorporated community of Middleburg lies in the township's northwest.

## Name and history

Zane Township was organized in 1818, and was named for Isaac Zane, a pioneer settler. It is the only Zane Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## Transportation

Important highways in Zane Township include U.S. Route 33 and State Routes 287 and 559.
# Afucosylated monoclonal antibodies

Afucosylated monoclonal antibodies are monoclonal antibodies engineered so that the oligosaccharides in the Fc region of the antibody do not have any fucose sugar units. When antibodies are afucosylated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is increased.

## Background

Most approved monoclonal antibodies are of the IgG1 isotype, where two N-linked biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides are bound to the Fc region. The Fc region exercises the effector function of ADCC through its interaction with leukocyte receptors of the FcγR family. ADCC is important in the efficacy of cancer antibodies, but with many approved cancer antibodies there is less ADCC than could be desired due to nonspecific IgG competing with the drugs for binding to FcγIIIa on natural killer cells. Afucosylated monoclonal antibodies overcome this problem through improved FcγIIIa binding.

## Approaches

The Swiss company GlycArt Biotechnology developed a system using CHO cells, where the cells were engineered to overexpress an enzyme called GnTIII. The effect of this overexpression is to block the formation of fucosylated oligosaccharides on the expressed antibodies. This technology was first reported in 1999 and was the basis of GlycArt Biotechnology.
Roche acquired GlycArt in 2005 in order to acquire technology to afucosylate antibodies. GlycArt Biotechnology had been founded in 2000 as a spin-out company of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. The first commercial product from the GlycArt acquisition was obinutuzumab, which as Gazyva gained FDA approval in November 2013 for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Kyowa Hakko Kirin's "Potelligent" platform uses a CHO cell line in which FUT8 has been knocked out, and which produces antibodies with little to no fucose in the Fc region. The company gained marketing approval in Japan in April 2012 for a monoclonal antibody drug called mogamulizumab which was developed using the platform. The Company's technology was first reported in 2004.

## Applications of afucosylated antibodies

Afucosylated antibodies are intensely used in the field of advanced medicine, also due to their high ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity). This makes them effective in binding to specific targets while minimizing damage to surrounding tissue.
Some of the fields in which afucosylated antibodies are used or considered for application are:
* cancer immunotherapy
* autoimmune diseases
* Infectious diseases
Furthermore, afucosylated antibodies are used as diagnostic tools and play a role in the development of personalized medications.
# Agonidium bamboutense

Agonidium bamboutense is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Platyninae. It was described by Burgeon in 1942.
# Ding Lei (businessman, born 1963)

Ding Lei (Chinese: 丁磊; pinyin: Dīng Lěi; born October 1963; also known as David Ding) is a Chinese automotive industry businessman. He is the founder of Shanghai-based electric vehicle companies Human Horizons (since 2017) and HiPhi (since 2019).
Previously, he served as vice chairman of LeSEE electric car company from 2015 to 2017, deputy district mayor of Pudong New District from 2013 to 2015, and vice president of Shanghai Automotive Group and general manager of Shanghai General Motors from 2007 to 2011.

## Early life and education

Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang in October, 1963.
From Fudan University, Ding Lei received a Bachelor of Science with a major in nuclear engineering in 1985 and a Master of Science in solid-state physics in 1988. In 2003, he received an executive Master of Business Administration from China Europe International Business School.

## Career

In 1988, Ding Lei joined Shanghai Volkswagen, where he served as an engineer in the Quality Assurance Department. In July 1997, he was appointed as the Deputy Manager of the Quality Assurance Department and the Head of the Quality Engineering Section at Shanghai General Motors. In October 1999, he became the Executive Director of the Purchasing Department at Shanghai General Motors. By January 2004, he had risen to the position of Deputy Manager of the Technical Quality Department at Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation. In January 2005, he assumed the role of General Manager at Shanghai General Motors. In November 2007, Ding Lei was appointed as the Vice President of Shanghai Automotive Group and General Manager of Shanghai General Motors.
From 2011 to 2015, Ding joined the Shanghai government departments and served as the Deputy Party Secretary and Executive Deputy Director of Shanghai Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Management Committee (from February 2011 to August 2013), and as the deputy district mayor of Pudong New Area (from August 2013 to July 2015).
Since August 2017, Ding has been the Chairman of Human Horizons, as well as East Coast Capital.
# Diospyros sumatrana

Diospyros sumatrana is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. The specific epithet refers to Sumatra.

## Description

Diospyros sumatrana grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. The inflorescences bear up to three flowers. The fruits are ellipsoid or oblong, measuring up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Diospyros sumatrana is native to an area from Indochina to Malesia. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests.
# Zenon Kulpa

Zenon Kulpa (born 1946) is a Polish computer scientist, and Assistant Professor at Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, known for his work on diagrammatic representation and diagrammatic reasoning.

## Biography

Kulpa obtained his M.Sc. in Electronics at the Electronics Faculty of the Warsaw Technical University, and his PhD in Computer Science from the Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
After his studies Kulpa started working for the Institute of Automatic Control of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) in the late 1960s. There he met the computer scientist Ryszard S. Michalski. With Michalski he wrote his first English articles, entitled "A System of Programs for the Synthesis of Switching Circuits Using the Method of Disjoint Stars" presented at the 1971 IFIP Congress in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia.
Later in the 1970s he focussed his work on the field of computer graphics and image processing, and in the 1990s on diagrammatic representation and reasoning. In In 2006 he obtained his D.Sc. in Computer Science from the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland, with the thesis "Diagrammatic interval analysis with applications." Kulpa was one of the founding members of the Polish Computer Science Society (PTI) and member of the Planetary Society.

## Selected publications

* Bolc, Leonard, and Zenon Kulpa, eds. Digital image processing systems. Vol. 109. Springer, 1981.
* Kulpa, Zenon. Diagrammatic interval analysis with applications. Diss. Instytut Podstawowych ProblemĂłw Techniki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2006.
Articles, a selection:
* Michalski, Ryszard S., and Zenon Kulpa. "A system of programs for the synthesis of switching circuits using the method of disjoint stars." (1972).
* Kulpa, Zenon. "Area and perimeter measurement of blobs in discrete binary pictures." Computer Graphics and Image Processing 6.5 (1977): 434-451.
* Kulpa, Zenon. "On the properties of discrete circles, rings, and disks." Computer graphics and image processing 10.4 (1979): 348-365.
* Kulpa, Zenon. "Diagrammatic representation and reasoning." Machine GRAPHICS & VISION 3 (1/2. 1994.
* Kulpa, Zenon. "Diagrammatic representation for a space of intervals." Machine Graphics & Vision. 1997.
* Kulpa, Zenon. "From picture processing to interval diagrams." Prace Instytutu Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN (2003): 1-313.