OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# S. A. Wakefield

Sydney [Sam] Alexander Wakefield (13 May 1927 - 22 August 2009) was an Australian writer who was best known for the Bottersnikes and Gumbles series of children's books.

## Biography

Sydney Wakefield was born in Australia to English immigrant parents on 13 May 1927. In 1945 he enlisted and was commissioned into the 2nd Punjab Regiment. After the end of World War II he joined his father who had an orchard Gosford, New South Wales. After studying Social Studies at Sydney University (1949–50), he married (1953), and started a farm at Kariong, New South Wales.
He wrote short stories for children about "Bottersnikes and Gumbles", which contain a mixture of absurdity, humour, puns, as well as carrying an environmental message.

## Works

Wakefield wrote four books about the Bottersnikes and Gumbles:
* Wakefield, S.A.; Digby, Desmond (1967), Bottersnikes and Gumbles, Collins : Sydney , 80pp
* Wakefield, S.A.; Digby, Desmond (1975), Gumbles on Guard, Collins : Sydney/London, ISBN 0001850067 , 88pp
* Wakefield, S.A.; Digby, Desmond (1979), Gumbles in Summer, Collins : Australia, ISBN 0001843672 , 96pp
* Wakefield, S.A.; Digby, Desmond (1989), Gumbles in Trouble, Sydney : Collins Australia in association with Anne Ingram Books, ISBN 0732273013 , 84pp

### Other

* Wakefield, S.A. (1990), Captain Deadlight's Treasure, Australia: Collins; 1st Australian Edition, ISBN 978-0207158353
In 1996 the four books were reissued in an omnibus volume under the title The Complete Tales of Bottersnikes and Gumbles.
# Paramphibolia

Paramphibolia is a subgenus of bristle flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Amphibolia assimilis (Macquart, 1851)
* Amphibolia stolida (Malloch, 1929)
# Bicentennial Park (Oklahoma City)

Bicentennial Park is an urban park in Oklahoma City, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The park is located east of Civic Center Music Hall, and is bordered by Couch Drive on the north, Colcord Drive on the south, and Walker Avenue on the east.

## Features

The Bicentennial Monument, and the sculptures Run of 1889 and The Conductor, are installed in the park.
The statue of Stanley Draper used to be installed in the park, before being relocated outside City Hall.

## History

In 2016, following the election of Donald Trump, approximately 100 people gathered at Bicentennial Park for the "Nonviolent Protest of Trump and a Rally for Peace and Love".
The Festival of the Arts has been held in the park, as has the music event "Wiggle Out Loud".
# List of political parties in Southeast Asia by country

Part of the Politics series :
Party politics :
Political Spectrum
Left-Wing
Far-LeftCentre-Left
Centre
Centre-LeftRadical CentreCentre-Right
Right-Wing
Centre-RightFar-Right :
Major Ideologies
Agrarianism
Anarchism
Christian democracy
Communism
Conservatism
Environmentalism
Fascism
Feminism
Green politics
Hindutva
Islamism
Liberalism
Libertarianism
Monarchism
Nationalism
Populism
Progressivism
Classical radicalism
Republicanism
Social democracy
Socialism
Syncretism
Third Way :
Types
Bloc party
Elite party
Cartel party
Competitive
Catch-all party
Entrepreneurial party
Ethnic party
Major party / Minor party
Mass party
Ruling party
Opposition party
Parliamentary opposition
Party of power
Official party status
Single-issue party
Transnational / International :
Leaders and organization
Backbencher
Caucus
Caucus chair
Frontbencher
Lead candidate
Leader of the Opposition
Majority leader
Minority leader
Political faction
Parliamentary leader
Party chair
Party leader
Party spokesperson
Secretary
Shadow cabinet
Whip :
Internal elections
Primary election
Leadership election
Open list
Party convention/conference
Leadership convention :
Party discipline
Conscience vote
Crossing the floor
Party discipline
Party line
Party-line vote
Party switching :
Party systems
One-party
Dominant-partyTwo-partyMulti-party
Non-partisan :
Coalitions between parties
Parliamentary group
Divided government
Coalition government
Confidence and supply
Consensus government
Grand coalition
Hung parliament
Majority government
Minority government
National unity government
Rotation government :
Lists of political parties
Ruling parties by country
Political parties by region
Banned political parties :
Politics portal :
vte :
This is a List of political parties in Southeast Asia by country, linking to the country list of parties and the political system of each country in the region.

## List of countries

| Country | Multi party | Two party | Dominant party | Single party | No party |
| Brunei | | | | | • |
| Cambodia | | • | • | | |
| East Timor | • | | | | |
| Indonesia | • | | | | |
| Laos | | | | • | |
| Malaysia | • | | | | |
| Myanmar | | • | | | |
| Philippines | • | | | | |
| Singapore | | | • | | |
| Thailand | • | | | | |
| Vietnam | | | | • | |
# Preston Crowmarsh

Preston Crowmarsh is a hamlet in Benson civil parish in South Oxfordshire. It is on the River Thames 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Wallingford. The river can be crossed on foot here at Benson Lock.
# Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Don Moore

Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Don Moore, billed as The Showcase in the Skies of Dubai, was an exhibition boxing match between former five-division world champion Floyd Mayweather Jr. and undefeated boxer Don Moore. It took place on May 21, 2022, at the Etihad Arena in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The fight went the distance resulting in being a non-scored bout.

## Background

The event was originally scheduled for May 14, 2022, but the event was postponed to May 21, 2022 due to the death of the president of the United Arab Emirates.
Mayweather fought an eight round exhibition bout with former sparring partner Don Moore at a boxing event in Abu Dhabi. The fight was one-sided and Mayweather was in full control of the meeting including dropping Moore with a punch to the body in the eighth round. Moore survived the knockdown and would go the full eight rounds, there was no scoring and it ended without an official verdict.
# Furse Peninsula

Furse Peninsula (61°29′S 55°28′W﻿ / ﻿61.483°S 55.467°W﻿ / -61.483; -55.467) is the eastern part of Gibbs Island, east of The Spit, in the South Shetland Islands. The name "Narrow Island" was used by Captain George Powell in 1822, with reference to the entire island; in subsequent use the reference was occasionally limited to this peninsula. It was named in 1980 by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Commander John R. (Chris) Furse, Royal Navy, leader of the Joint Services Expedition to the Elephant Island Group, 1976–77.
# Pierrot's Troupe

Pierrot's Troupe is a theatre group based in New Delhi, India, which was formed in 1989. The group performs original plays in Hindi, Urdu and English. Pierrot's troupe has performed more than 2000 plays touring throughout India, and has staged its dramas in the US, Dubai and UK.
Pierrot's Troupe is led by playwright and director M. Sayeed Alam, who has written and directed all of their plays, and also acts in most of them. He has been described as "a pioneer of unconventional and fresh theatre in India". Alam has a PhD in International Politics from Aligarh Muslim University. He is the author of a book, and has published 17 research papers.
Their plays are critically acclaimed as well as popularly well received. Some of their most popular plays include Ghalib in New Delhi (Hindi comedy), Mohan se Mahatma (Hindi), Cut Cut Cut (Hindi comedy), Big B (English comedy), Maulana Azad (Urdu monologue), K. L. Saigal (Hindi musical), Ghalib (Urdu musical), Massage (Hindi comedy), 1947 (Urdu), Chacha Chakkan in Action (Hindi and Urdu), Letters of Ghalib (Urdu), Lal quile ki aakhri mushaera (Urdu), and Sons of Babur.
Their productions have included Indian theatre, cinema and television actors including Tom Alter, Rakesh Bedi, Saleem Shah, Simple Kaul, Uday Chandra, Chander Khanna, Hareesh Chhabra, Vibhav Srivastava at IMDb Vishnu Sharma,
# Pros

PROS or Pros may refer to:
* "Pros and Cons", a method of Decision making
* PROS (company), a big data software company
* Republican Party of the Social Order, Brazilian political party, Portuguese name: Partido Republicano da Ordem Social
* PROS (PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum), a form of tissue overgrowth
# GPS meteorology

GPS meteorology refers to the use of the effect of the atmosphere on the propagation of the Global Positioning System's (GPS) radio signals to derive information on the state of the (lower, neutral) atmosphere.
There are currently two main operational techniques in use in GPS meteorology: GPS limb sounding from orbit, and GPS water vapour monitoring.

## Ground-based

As a result, if it is possible to determine the total atmospheric delay by GPS, one can subtract out the calculated contribution by the well-mixed "dry" gasses from the measured air pressure at the surface, and obtain a measure for the absolute water vapour content of the atmosphere, integrated from surface to space. This is also referred to as "total precipitable water vapour".
What makes it possible to determine the total atmospheric delay, is its known dependence of the zenith or elevation angle of the satellite. If $z$ is the zenith angle, the propagation path delay is proportional to ${\frac {1}{\cos z}}$. This unique signature makes it possible to solve separately for the zenith delay in GPS computations also solving for station coordinates and receiver clock delays.
Nowadays water vapour estimates are generated routinely in real time (latency measured in hours) by permanent geodetic GPS networks existing in many parts of the world.
Water vapour is a very important gas for meteorological and climatological studies, because of the latent heat it carries in transport. Additionally it is a powerful greenhouse gas. The GPS technique is especially valuable because it measures absolute water vapour content or partial pressure rather than relative humidity, which corresponds to water vapour contents that are strongly dependent on the often not precisely known temperature.

## Space-based

One can receive on a low flying satellite the signals from the much higher orbiting (20 000 km) GPS satellite constellation. As the low flying satellite orbits the Earth in 1.5 hours, many of the GPS satellites will "rise" and "set" during the time of the orbit. When they do, their signal will traverse the atmosphere.
A signal delay is produced which grows or decays exponentially with time, just as the atmospheric density is an exponential function of height above the Earth's surface. In fact, this so-called limb sounding technique allows us to determine the scale height, the constant describing the steepness of this atmospheric density decay. This makes the technique extremely valuable for climatological studies, as the scale height is directly related to the temperature in the upper atmosphere, where the limb sounding signals do their sensing. The technique works best in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere; it breaks down close to the Earth surface especially in the tropics, due to water vapour extinction.
Satellites involved in GPS limb sounding have been: METSAT, OERSTED (Danish), and several others.
# S. A. Silva

Sampathawaduge Stephen Anthony Silva (6 July 1896 –?) was a Ceylonese politician.
Silva was elected to parliament at the 1st parliamentary election held between 23 August 1947 and 20 September 1947, representing the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, as the member for the Agalawatte electorate. Silva received 4,135 (28% of the total vote) only 779 votes ahead of his nearest rival, D. D. Athulathmudali (UNP), who secured 22.75% of the total vote.
Silva was unsuccessful in retaining the seat of Agalawatte at the 2nd parliamentary election held between 24 May 1952 and 30 May 1952, where he was defeated by the United National Party candidate, C. W. W. Kannangara, by 7,032 votes.
# Paramphilius teugelsi

Paramphilius teugelsi is a species of loach catfish found in Guinea and Sierra Leone in the Mamou and Kogon Rivers. It grows to a length of 5.1 cm.
The fish is named in honor of Guy Teugels (1954-2003) who as the curator of fishes at the Musée Royale de l’Afrique Centrale contributed to the further knowledge of West-African freshwater fishes.
# Preston D. Miller

Preston D. Miller, Jr. is a periodontist.

## Education and career

Miller graduated from the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry in 1963 and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry, where he received his periodontal training, in 1969.
Miller was the recipient of the 1999 Master Clinician Award from the American Academy of Periodontology. He served a one-year term of president of the American Academy of Periodontology beginning in 2006.
Miller is a clinical professor in the department of periodontics at the Medical University of South Carolina College of Dental Medicine.
# What Is Not to Love

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Spin | 6/10 |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
What Is Not to Love is the second album by indie-rock band Imperial Teen. It is the follow-up to their first full-length record, Seasick (1996), and was released in 1998 via Slash Records.

## Critical reception

Entertainment Weekly wrote that "there's something fundamentally warm and cuddly about the mixed-gender quartet's seductive mix of indie-rock cliches (distorted guitars, diffident vocals) and hook-and-harmony-informed popcraft".

## Track listing

All songs written by Imperial Teen.
* "Open Season" – 2:25
* "Birthday Girl" – 3:36
* "Yoo Hoo" – 3:30
* "Lipstick" – 4:00
* "Alone in the Grass" – 7:15
* "Crucible" – 4:18
* "The Beginning" – 2:39
* "Year of the Tan" – 3:05
* "Seven" – 4:33
* "Hooray" (live) – 7:11
* "Beauty" – 2:52

## Personnel
### Band members

* Roddy Bottum – guitar, vocals
* Will Schwartz – guitar, vocals
* Jone Stebbins – bass, backing vocals
* Lynn Truell – drums, backing vocals

### Technical staff

* Mark Freegard – producer, engineer, mixing
* Andre Moran – engineer
* Mark Saunders – mixing
* Greg Freeman – engineer
* Bill Inglot – mastering
* Matt Kelley – engineer
* Mickey Petralia – producer, mixing
* Chris Scard – second engineer
* Gabriel Shepard – second engineer
* Matt Wallace – mixing
* Howard Willing – second engineer
# Fulfillment

Fulfillment or fulfilment (see spelling differences) may refer to:

## Personal

* Self-fulfillment, satisfaction or happiness as a result of fully developing one's abilities or character
* Wish fulfillment, the gratification of desire, especially in dreams, daydreams, etc.

## Buildings

* Fulfillment Amphitheater, an outdoor amphitheatre in Taiwan

## Business

* Fulfillment house, a type of company that specializes in order fulfillment
* Order fulfillment, the activities performed once an order is received
* Service fulfillment, the process of providing services to telecommunication subscribers

## Books

* Fulfillment (book), a 2021 book by Alec MacGillis
# PTCL (disambiguation)

PTCL is the acronym for Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited, a telecommunications company in Pakistan.
PTCL may also refer to:
* Peripheral T-cell lymphoma
* Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, England
# Prorva (disambiguation)

Prorva may refer to:
* Prorva, a village until 1998 in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan
* Prorva, Atyrau, Kazakhstan
* Prorva Channel, a channel in the Danube delta, in Ukraine
* Prorva (film), a.k.a. Moscow Parade, a 1992 Russian film
* Prorva (river), a river in Belarus
# C15H12O6

The chemical formula C$_{15}$H$_{12}$O$_6$ (molar mass : 288.25 g/mol, exact mass : 288.063388) may refer to:
* Aromadedrin, a flavanonol
* Dehydroaltenusin, a polyphenol
* Eriodictyol, flavanone
* Fustin, a flavanonol
* Okanin, a chalcone
* Thunberginol D, an isocoumarin
# M2-PK Test

The M2-PK Test is a non-invasive screening method for the early detection of colorectal cancers and polyps which are known to be the precursors of colorectal cancer. The M2-PK Test which is used for stool analysis is available either as fully quantitative ELISA Test or as a rapid test that can be performed by any general practitioner without the need of a laboratory or any additional equipment.
The enzyme biomarker M2-PK has been identified as a key enzyme in colorectal cancers and polyps. The detection of M2-PK does not depend on blood in the stool and is specifically related on changes in the tumor metabolism. False positive results by unspecific blood sources in the bowel are excluded and the test is able to detect both bleeding as well as non-bleeding colorectal cancers and polyps. The M2-PK Test is able to detect 80.3% of colorectal cancers. Testing for M2-PK allows for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic patients. An elevated concentration of M2-PK in the stool should always be clarified by undergoing colonoscopy.
The gold standard of early detection of colon polyp/cancer is the invasive colonoscopy, but with high expense about $557, while tumor marker M2-PK Test expense only about $15-$25. The invasive colonoscopy makes acceptance of it low among patients, so relatively cheap non-invasive M2-PK Test is a good choice for detection early polyp/cancer.
# Ples

Ples may refer to the following places:
* Ples, Bistrica ob Sotli, Slovenia
* Ples, Moravče, Slovenia
* Mrs. Ples, the popular nickname for a complete Australopithecus africanus skull
# Omoglymmius multicarinatus

Omoglymmius multicarinatus is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodinae. It was described by R.T. Bell & J.R. Bell in 1993. It is known from the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Omoglymmius multicarinatus holotype, a female, measures 7.8 mm (0.31 in) in length and was collected in lowland forest.
# List of gold mines in Tanzania

This is a list of gold mines in Tanzania. It includes all working, former and future mines that produce gold as a primary or by-product. It is organized in alphabetic order.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## B

* Bulyanhulu Gold Mine
* Buzwagi Gold Mine

## G

* Geita Gold Mine
* Golden Pride Gold Mine

## H

* Handeni mine

## K

* Kirondatal Gold Mine

## M

* Mbangala Gold Mine

## N

* New Luika Gold Mine
* North Mara Gold Mine
* Nyanzaga mine

## Sogwe

* Sekenke Gold Mine

## T

* Tulawaka Gold Mine
# Kiriakoffalia guineae

Kiriakoffalia guineae is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Strand in 1912. It is found in Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.
# Kirialax saga

Kirjalax saga ('the saga of Kirjalax'), also Kirialax saga is a medieval Icelandic romance saga. It is noted for the array of scholarly sources its author(s) brought to bear.

## Synopsis

Kalinke and Mitchell summarise the saga thus:
   The saga relates in a leisurely, highly rhetorical manner the fortunes of Laicus, King of Athena, and his son Kirialax. Laicus woos and, through combat, wins the hand of Mathidia, daughter of King Dagnus of Syria. After having reached maturity, their son Kirialax sets out to explore the world of his day. The account of his adventures is an extended travelogue—based on learned sources—that includes a visit to Troja and a pilgrimage to Akrsborg to see the True Cross. At the conclusion of his travels, Kirialax marries Florencia, daughter of King Lotharius of Grikkland. He is crowned king of Grikkland and the seven kingdoms subordinate to it. Two sons, Vallterus and Villifer, are born to the royal couple; they emulate father and grandfather.

## Manuscripts

Kalinke and Mitchell identified the following manuscripts of the saga:
* Arnamagnæan Institute, Copenhagen: AM 395, fol. (18th c); AM 489, 4° (ca. 1450), vellum, defective; AM 532, 4° (ca. 1700), defective; AM 567, 4°, XV (early 15th c), vellum, 1 leaf; AM 588g, 4° (ca. 1700), defective; AM 589a, 4° (15th c), vellum, defective.
* Royal Library, Copenhagen: NKS 1144, fol. (late 18th c), excerpt; NKS 1779, 4° (late 18th c).
* The British Library, London: Add. 4859, fol. (1695–97).
* National Library, Reykjavik: Lbs 633, fol. (18th c); JS 241, 8° (18th-19th c); JS 390, 8° (18th-19th c), excerpt.
* Héraðsskjalasafn Borgarfjarðar, Borgarnes: MS 2 (after 1860).
* Beinecke Library, Yale University: Z 113.85 (19th c), lacks conclusion.

## Editions and translations

* Kalund, Kr., ed. Kirialax saga. Samfund til Udgivelse af gammel nordisk Litteratur, 43. Copenhagen: Samfund til Udgivelse af gammel nordisk Litteratur, 1917. Edition, based on AM 589a, 4°; AM 489,4°; AM 532,4°.
* Alenka Divjak, Studies in the Traditions of Kirialax saga (Ljubljana: Institut Nove revije, zavod za humanistiko, 2009). ISBN 9789619246320; 9619246322. English translation, pp. 297–352.
# Kirial Hoard

The Kirial Hoard (Danish: Kirialfundet or Kirialskatten), found near Kirial, Djursland, is the largest treasure trove ever found in Denmark. It consists of 81,422 silver coins buried in two iron pots and dates from around 1365. Most of the hoard is now on display in the National Museum of Denmark. A minor share of the coins is on display in the local Djursland Museum in Grenå.

## Discovery

The Kirial Hoard was discovered in November 1867 when a local farmer was ploughing his fields. His plough hit one of the two iron pots. He found the other pot shortly thereafter. He would later receive DKK 80,000 in Fanefæ compensation.

## Description

The Kirial Hoard consists of 81,422 silver coins from the 13th and 14th centuries. None of the coins were minted in Denmark. Most of them are German hollow pfennigs.
# Fluent (artificial intelligence)

In artificial intelligence, a fluent is a condition that can change over time. In logical approaches to reasoning about actions, fluents can be represented in first-order logic by predicates having an argument that depends on time. For example, the condition "the box is on the table", if it can change over time, cannot be represented by $\mathrm {On} (\mathrm {box} ,\mathrm {table} )$; a third argument is necessary to the predicate $\mathrm {On}$ to specify the time: $\mathrm {On} (\mathrm {box} ,\mathrm {table} ,t)$ means that the box is on the table at time $t$. This representation of fluents is modified in the situation calculus by using the sequence of the past actions in place of the current time.
A fluent can also be represented by a function, dropping the time argument. For example, that the box is on the table can be represented by $on(box,table)$, where $on$ is a function and not a predicate. In first-order logic, converting predicates to functions is called reification; for this reason, fluents represented by functions are said to be reified. When using reified fluents, a separate predicate is necessary to tell when a fluent is actually true or not. For example, $HoldsAt(on(box,table),t)$ means that the box is actually on the table at time $t$, where the predicate $HoldsAt$ is the one that tells when fluents are true. This representation of fluents is used in the event calculus, in the fluent calculus, and in the features and fluents logics.
Some fluents can be represented as functions in a different way. For example, the position of a box can be represented by a function $on(box,t)$ whose value is the object the box is standing on at time $t$. Conditions that can be represented in this way are called functional fluents. Statements about the values of such functions can be given in first-order logic with equality using literals such as $on(box,t)=table$. Some fluents are represented this way in the situation calculus.

## Naive physics

From a historical point of view, fluents were introduced in the context of qualitative reasoning. The idea is to describe a process model not with mathematical equations but with natural language. That means an action is not only determined by its trajectory, but with a symbolic model, very similar to a text adventure. Naive physics stands in opposition to a numerical physics engine and has the obligation to predict the outcome of actions. The fluent realizes the common sense grounding between the robot's motion and the task description in natural language.
From a technical perspective, a fluent is equal to a parameter that is parsed by the naive physics engine. The parser converts between natural language fluents and numerical values measured by sensors. As a consequence, the human-machine interaction is improved.