OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SS Minas (1891)

SS Minas was an Italian troopship which was sunk on 15 February 1917 in the Central Mediterranean Sea with the loss of 870 lives.

## Construction, characteristics, and civilian service

SS Minas was a passenger ship built in 1891 by Gio. Ansaldo & C. in Sestri Ponente, Italy, and operated by Angelo Parodi fu B. of Genoa. She was 110.90 metres (363 ft 10 in) long and 12.22 metres (40 ft 1 in) in beam and had a top speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). She could carry 60 passengers in first class and 900 in third class. Prior to Italy's entry into World War I in 1915, she travelled mainly between Genoa and South America.

## Loss

Italy entered World War I on the side of Allies in May 1915, and Minas was requisitioned for use as a troopship. On 15 February 1917, she was in the Mediterranean Sea, steaming from Taranto, Italy, to Salonika, Greece, carrying Italian, Serbian, and French soldiers as well as weapons and ammunition to the Salonika front under escort by the Italian Regia Marina ("Royal Navy") destroyer Fulmine. The Allies had divided the Mediterranean into separate zones, in each of which one of the major Allied navies (the Regia Marina, the French Navy, and the British Royal Navy) had the responsibility for escort duty. Upon reaching the boundary between the Italian and British escort zones about 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) east of Malta, Fulmine parted company with Minas, but due to a mix-up no British warship arrived to escort Minas. Minas continued her voyage unescorted, and later on 15 February the Imperial German Navy submarine U-39, under the command of Walter Forstmann, attacked her in the Central Mediterranean east of Cape Matapan, hitting her with two torpedoes. Minas′s cargo of ammunition exploded, and she sank very quickly at 36°25′N 018°24′E﻿ / ﻿36.417°N 18.400°E﻿ / 36.417; 18.400﻿ (SS Minas) with the loss of 870 lives. Eleven crew members and 315 Italian soldiers were among the dead. One of the lost soldiers was Vittorio Locchi, a young Florentine poet, who had written The Feast of Santa Gorizia in 1916. It was also rumored that the ship carried 25 boxes of gold bullion.
# William Hutchings (disambiguation)

William Hutchings (1879–1948) was an English amateur cricketer.
William Hutchings may also refer to:
* William S. Hutchings (1832–1911), math prodigy and mental calculator
* William Hutchings (priest) (1835–1912), Anglican priest and author
# William Pidgeon (archaeologist)

William Pidgeon (ca. 1800 – ca. 1880) was an American antiquarian and archaeologist most famous for his 1858 work, Traditions of Dee-Coo-Dah and Antiquarian Researches, a putative history about lost tribes of the Upper Mississippi and the mounds they left behind. This book was eventually revealed to be partly a hoax, and partly embellishment of actual research. Combining elaborate sketches and maps of mound groups in Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, and Minnesota, Pidgeon claimed to have discovered an elaborate network of coded earthen symbols used by an ancient race that predated Native Americans; one of the last survivors of this putative race, "Dee-Coo-Dah", was interviewed by Pidgeon. Eventually his work became popular in the late 19th century, when there were numerous myths about pre-Indian mound builders, and Pidgeon's book went through at least three printings, making him a fortune. The famed archaeologist Theodore H. Lewis later revealed that Pidgeon had fabricated most of his research, and distorted much of the rest of it, mapping mounds where none existed, and changing the arrangement of existing mound groups to suit his needs. Pidgeon appears to have died in obscurity in Calhoun County, Illinois ca. 1880.

## Selected publications

* Traditions of De-coo-dah (1858)
# William Pierce Stubbs

William Pierce Stubbs (1842–1909) or W.P. Stubbs was a marine painter in the Boston, Massachusetts, area in the 19th century. Examples of his work are in the Bostonian Society; Cape Ann Museum; and Peabody Essex Museum. He also lived in Bucksport, Maine.

## Images

* Schooner O. H. Brown
* Schooner Edward M. Reed
* SS Cephalonia by William Pierce Stubbs, 1888
* Yacht race around buoy
# Kudaka

Kudaka may refer to:
* Kudaka Island, an island in Okinawa
* Tomoo Kudaka, a Japanese football player
# Kuhinjica

Kuhinjica (Serbian Cyrillic: Кухињица) is a popular culinary magazine in Serbia, published by Scorpion production. The first issue came out in April 2007. Besides the magazine, there are also a TV serial and a web site with more than 15.000 recipes.
# Kuisma

Kuisma is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Antti Kuisma (born 1979), Finnish Nordic combined skier
* Jorma Kuisma (born c. 1947), Canadian football player
* Mika Kuisma (c. 1967 - 1995), Finnish orienteer
* Mira Kuisma (born 1987), Finnish ice hockey player
* Kuisma Taipale (born 1970), Finnish cross-country skier
# Frankie Rivera

Frankie Rivera (June 18, 1977 – August 29, 2015) was a Navajo and Taino (Puerto Rican) Native American activist.

## Activism

He was an activist for the American Indian Movement West. He demanded freedom for Leonard Peltier and justice for Alex Nieto who he believed to have been murdered by San Francisco Police Department officers, and an end to discriminatory practices by local businesses. He marched in support of civil rights, Idle No More, Little Children are Sacred and other causes.

## Prison

He served a 10-year prison sentence where he became acquainted with his Native American roots.

## Early life

His parents were Father, Frankie Rivera his biological mother Laurene Killip. He grew up in the San Francisco Mission District. He had (3) Brother and (4) Sisters.

## Death

Rivera died on August 29, 2015, from brain cancer and other internal illnesses. Where he was not taken care of in a Hospice home in Sacramento, CA, Father's family that consist of his sister who lives on an Indian Reservation in Arizona along with his brothers in law and other sister from San Francisco, Grandmother, Tia, and Father whom removed him from the hospice and taken him to a hospital in Sacramento whom refused to accept him and treat him. He had been starving and needed fluids and nutrition. His family then took him to the hospital in his home town, San Francisco, CA. The hospital took great care of Frankie, he was looking healthy after just a few days, getting all his nutrition, however by the time the cancer and other illness caught up to him, Frankie only lived a few days after. God gave us Frankie for a few more days, although he said to us that he was not ready to die and wanted to stay alive, Frankie began to realize that God was calling him home. Frankie passes away in the hospital and loved ones coordinated with each other to give him a nice funeral that consist of a service, church and Native American burial.
# Saar Gogné

Saar Gogné is a sub-prefecture of Logone Occidental Region in Chad.
# William Scranton (disambiguation)

William Scranton (1917–2013) was an American politician who served as Governor of Pennsylvania 1963 to 1967
William Scranton may also refer to:
* William Scranton III (born 1947), American politician who served as Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1987
* William B. Scranton (1856–1922), American physician and Methodist missionary in Korea
* William Walker Scranton (1844–1916), American businessman
# Kumar and Mr. Jones

Kumar and Mr. Jones is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Sugith Varughese and released in 1991. The film centres on the relationship between Mr. Jones (John Gilbert), a bedridden older man, and Kumar (Ivan Smith), his Indo-Canadian caretaker whose power in the relationship is threatened when Mr. Jones begins responding favourably to treatment by Melissa (Michelle Duquet), a new physical therapist.
The film was made while Varughese was a student at the Canadian Film Centre.
The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 13th Genie Awards in 1992.
# François Deluga

François Deluga (born 18 November 1956 in Cauderan, Bordeaux, Gironde) is a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the 8th constituency of Gironde.
An insurance agent by profession, Deluga was elected for the first time in 1989, when he was elected as Mayor of Le Teich, to which he was re-elected in 1995, 2001 and 2008.
In the 1997 election, he won the Gironde 8th for the first time, beating Robert Cazalet of the UDF. For the course of that Parliament, he was a member of the Commission on National Defence and the Armed Forces. He only served a single term, before being defeated in the 2002 election by Marie-Hélène des Esgaulx of the UMP. In a re-match in 2007, des Esgaulx triumphed for a second time.
In the regional election of 2004, Deluga was elected to the Aquitaine Regional Council, where he was then chosen to be the 8th Vice President, with responsibility for tourism.
In 2008, des Esgaulx resigned following her election to the French Senate, and a by-election was held for her constituency. Standing again, Deluga won the election, beating Yves Foulon of the UMP, and promised to stand down from his position on the Regional Council.
# Fred Biggin

Frederick Biggin (16 February 1869 – 30 September 1968), was an English international lawn bowls player who competed in the 1934 British Empire Games.

## Bowls career

At the 1934 British Empire Games he won the gold medal in the rinks/fours event with Robert Slater, Ernie Gudgeon and Percy Tomlinson.
He was the Surrey singles champion and was a member of the Temple Bowls Club.

## Personal life

He worked in Insurance by trade and lived at 108 Cheviot Road, West Norwood.
# Nikolaus Netzer

Nikolaus Netzer (born 1967) is an Austrian conductor and music school director.

## Life and career

Born in Schruns, Netzer studied music and instrumental education at the University of Innsbruck with a focus on choral and ensemble conducting. He completed his studies with the Magister artium. He earned his conducting diploma at the Tyrolean State Conservatory. Netzer subsequently assisted among others the conductors Gustav Kuhn, Umberto Cattini, Karl Österreicher, Nikolaus Harnoncourt.
From 1996 to 2001, he was the musical director of the Innsbruck University Orchestra. Furthermore, Netzer took over the direction of the chamber orchestra "Musica Camerata Innsbruck" in 1999 and later the musical direction of the "Tiroler Kammerchor Wörgl". He also taught at the Music School of the City of Innsbruck, at the University of Music and Performing Arts Mozarteum in Salzburg and at the University of Innsbruck.
From 1999 to 2001, he was choir director and bandmaster of the Tiroler Festspiele in Erl, from 2001 to 2005 choir director and bandmaster at the Theater Ulm. In 2004, Netzer took over the artistic responsibility for the festival "Montafoner Sommer". From 2005 to 2009, he was choral director and bandmaster at the Tyrolean State Theatre. In December 2007, he was elected artistic director of the Musiktheater Vorarlberg, based in Götzis.
Netzer was also active as a freelance musician, mainly in the field of early music, among others with the orchestras "Armonico Tributo", "Wiener Akademie" and "Sol-sol-la-sol". He has worked with artists such as Joshua Rifkin, Konrad Junghänel, Andrew Parrott, Howard Arman and Martin Haselböck. Since October 2009, Netzer has been director of the Feldkirch Music School in Vorarlberg.
The conductor is married to the soprano Vera Schoenenberg. The couple has two sons.
# Franz Hitz

Franz Hitz (17 July 1828 – 20 November 1891) was a Swiss pianist and composer who lived and worked in France. He was primarily known for his many piano compositions which were much in vogue as salon music in the latter half of the 19th century.

## Life and career

Hitz was born in Aarau, Switzerland, but later settled in Honfleur, a port town in northwestern France. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire — piano with Pierre Zimmermann and Adolphe Laurent and harmony with Henri Reber — and began publishing compositions in his early 20s. One of his earliest published works was a quadrille, Les Chapeaux de chez nous (The hats from home). The frontispiece had an engraving by the artist Louis Alexandre Dubourg, a friend of Hitz and a fellow resident of Honfleur. Another early work was the patriotic anthem Retour de l'aigle (The return of the eagle) commemorating the return of Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte to France. In addition to his numerous piano works, his other compositions included a mass with organ accompaniment and several stage works. In 1870 L'Orphéon published his elementary textbook for piano students, Questionnaire musical: Notions élémentaires.
Franz Hitz died at Honfleur at the age of 63 and was buried in the cemetery there. The following year Le Ménestrel announced that a committee had been formed to raise money for the construction of a small mausoleum for his grave. Several of Hitz's compositions continued to be re-published into the 1920s, with some of his solo piano works such as Légende bretonne and Bonne nuit also arranged for orchestra by other composers.

## Compositions

Solo piano (selection)
Hitz's more than 200 compositions for solo piano include:
* Bonjour, Op. 146
* Pastorale in C, Op. 174
* Dans les blés, Op. 199
* Caprice - Bonne nuit, Op. 200
* Danse des Guarany, Op. 232
* Causerie, Op. 236
* Idylle - Le Grain de Blé, Op. 484
Stage works
* Le Rouet de Madeleine – opéra comique in 1 act, premiered in Le Havre, 1870
* Les Déesses du Battoir – operetta in 1 act to a libretto by Georges Chauvin, premiered at the Fantaisies Oller in Paris on 22 April 1877
* Le violon de Crémone – opera in 3 acts to a libretto by Georges Chauvin and Alfred Lecomte based on stories by E. T. A. Hoffmann, composed 1878
* Sous bois – operetta in 1 act to a libretto by Georges Chauvin published circa 1882
# Nijō Motonori

Nijō Motonori (二条 基教, 1390 – 1445), son of regent Nijō Morotsugu, was a Japanese poet and kugyō (court noble) of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). Later, he became known as Nijō Mochimoto (二条 持基). He held regent positions kampaku two times from 1424 to 1428 and from 1433 to 1445, and sesshō two times from 1428 to 1432 and from 1432 to 1433. He was the father of Nijō Mochimichi.
# Nijō Nariyuki

Nijō Nariyuki (二条 斉敬, November 1, 1816 – December 5, 1878) was a Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the late Edo period and the early Meiji period. He was the last kampaku regent in Japanese history and the last sesshō as a subject. He was the 26th head of the Nijō family.

## Life

Nijō Nariyuki was born as the second son of Minister of the Left, Nijō Narinobu.
He held regent positions kampaku from January 31, 1864 to January 30, 1867 and sesshō from February 13, 1867, to January 3, 1868.
He adopted a son of Kujō Hisatada who became known as Nijō Motohiro. He also had son Nijō Masamaro.
# Nijō Munemoto

Nijō Munemoto (二条 宗基, June 8, 1727 – February 9, 1754), son of Kujō Yukinori and adopted son of Nijō Munehira, was a Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the Edo period (1603–1868). He had two sons, Nijō Shigeyori (二条 重良, 1751-1768) and Nijō Harutaka. As Shigeyori had died at a young age, Munemoto adopted Harutaka as his son.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Nijō Munemoto :
# Nijō Station

Nijō Station may refer to either of the following railway stations in Japan:
* Nijō Station (Kyoto) (二条駅) on the Sanin Main Line (Sagano Line) and the Kyoto Subway Tōzai Line in Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto
* Nijō Station (Nara) (二上駅) on the Kintetsu Osaka Line in Kashiba, Nara Prefecture
# William Ponsonby, 1st Viscount Duncannon

William Ponsonby, 1st Viscount Duncannon (1659 – 17 November 1724), was an Anglo-Irish peer.

## Background

He was born in 1659, the third son of Sir John Ponsonby (c. 1608/9 – 1678) of Bessborough in County Kilkenny, a Cromwellian colonel of Horse in the Commonwealth service, and the third son by Sir John's second wife Elizabeth, widow of Richard Wingfield and of Edward Trevor, and daughter of Henry Folliott, 1st Baron Folliott.
He had two full siblings, Henry and Elizabeth, and two half-brothers. Folliott Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt, was his older half-brother on his mother's side. He also had an older half-brother, John, on his father's side.
Bessborough, formerly known as Kildalton, had been confiscated from Edmund Dalton, whose family had held it since the 13th century, for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1641. It was granted to Sir John Ponsonby who renamed it after his second wife Elizabeth (Bess).

## Early life

William Ponsonby matriculated as a fellow-commoner at Trinity College Dublin, on 14 November 1677, at the age of eighteen. He succeeded his elder brother Sir Henry Ponsonby (eldest son of Sir John and Elizabeth) during the reign of King William III, and served as a colonel in the Army.

## Political career

Ponsonby sat in the Irish House of Commons for County Kilkenny from 1692 to 1693, from 1695 to 1699 and from 1703 to 1721; he was appointed a member of the Irish Privy Council on 11 November 1715. On 11 September 1721 he was created Baron Bessborough, of Bessborough, County Kilkenny, in the Peerage of Ireland, and took his seat in the Irish House of Lords on 23 September. He was further created Viscount Duncannon, of the fort of Duncannon, county Wexford, on 28 February 1723.

## Family

Ponsonby married Mary, daughter of the Hon. Randle Moore and granddaughter of Charles Moore, 2nd Viscount Drogheda, by whom he had nine children, three sons and six daughters. She died aged 51 on 26 May 1713, and he died on 17 November 1724, when he was succeeded by his eldest son Brabazon. Lord Duncannon and his wife are buried in the church at Fiddown.
# Willy Switkes

William B. "Willy" Switkes (November 12, 1929 – March 7, 2013) was an American character actor who appeared in more than eighty films throughout his career. He appeared in a notable scene as a passenger in a taxi cab with Dustin Hoffman in the 1982 comedic film, Tootsie. In the scene, Switkes was thrown from the taxi when his character attempted to cut in front of Hoffman's.
He was born in Washington D.C. in 1929. He moved to New York City in 1955, where he resided for most of his life, to pursue acting.
Switkes film credits also included roles in The Arrangement in 1969, Bananas in 1971, The French Connection in 1971, Taxi Driver in 1976, An Unmarried Woman in 1978, Dressed to Kill in 1980, Playing for Keeps in 1986, and Ghostbusters II in 1989.
Switkes also enjoyed a long career in Broadway theatre. He was the understudy of Buster Keaton in Once Upon a Mattress in 1960, in which he also played the Wizard in the musical comedy. he co-starred as Smee in the touring production of Peter Pan opposite Cathy Rigby, who played Peter Pan. His other Broadway productions included A Country Scandal, A Thousand Clowns, The Cherry Orchard, Saint Joan of the Stockyards, Sly Fox, and What the Butler Saw.
Willy Switkes died from colon cancer at Montgomery Hospice Casey House in Rockville, Maryland, on March 7, 2013, at the age 83.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1969 | The Arrangement | Man | Uncredited |
| 1971 | Bananas | Man | Uncredited |
| 1971 | The French Connection | Man | Uncredited |
| 1982 | Tootsie | Man at Cab | |
| 1986 | Playing for Keeps | Mint Buyer, 'No Change' | (final film role) |
# Fred Zimmerman

Fred or Frederick Zimmerman may refer to:
* Frederick Zimmermann (1906–1967), American double bassist and teacher
* Frederick Hinde Zimmerman (1864–1924), American banker, farmer, real estate entrepreneur, businessman, and hotel owner
* Frederick Henry Zimmerman (1883–1968), American politician in the Minnesota House of Representatives
* Fred R. Zimmerman (1880–1954), Republican politician who became governor of Wisconsin
* J. Fred Zimmerman Jr. (1871–1948), American theater manager and stage producer
* J. Fred Zimmerman Sr. (1843–1925), American theater owner and leader of the Theatrical Syndicate
# William R. Harwood

William R. Harwood is an American author, contributor to Skeptical Inquirer, Free Inquiry, and contributing editor to the American Rationalist. He is the author of 40 books, four novels, as well as over 600 articles and book reviews for periodicals in nine countries.
He obtained his B.Ed. and M.A from the University of Calgary in 1972 and 1974, M.Litt. from the University of Cambridge in 1979, and Ph.D. from Columbia Pacific University in 1983.

## Books

* God, Jesus and the Bible: The Origin and Evolution of Religion
* The Disinformation Cycle
* The Fully Translated Bible (ed/tr)
* Dictionary of Contemporary Mythology
* Mythology’s Last Gods: Yahweh and Jesus (Prometheus, 1992)
* Complete Proof That the Earth is Flat – Or That the Bible is Fiction: There is No Third Alternative
# Proruby

Proruby is a municipality and village in Rychnov nad Kněžnou District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 50 inhabitants.
# Lagophylla ramosissima

Lagophylla ramosissima is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is known by the common name branched hareleaf, or branched lagophylla. It is native to the western United States where it can be found in many types of habitat, especially in dry areas. This is an annual herb producing spindly, erect stems which are variable in height. The leaves on the lower part of the plant are up to 12 centimeters long and fall off the plant early on in the season. The upper leaves are smaller and have woolly, glandular surfaces. The inflorescence is sparsely flowered in flower heads which open in the evening and close early in the morning. Each small head has five short light yellow ray florets with lobed tips, and six yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long with no pappus.
# List of ship commissionings in 1969

The list of ship commissionings in 1969 includes a chronological list of all ships commissioned in 1969.
| | Operator | Ship | Flag | Class and type | Pennant | Other notes |
| 20 January | Trave Lines | Sveaborg | Sweden | Ferry | | Formerly Finnpartner with Finnlines |
| 22 February | Royal Australian Navy | Bayonet | | Attack-class patrol boat | P 101 | |
| 12 March | Argentine Navy | Veinticinco de Mayo | | Colossus-class aircraft carrier | V-2 | Former HNLMS Karel Doorman |
| 22 March | German Navy | Lütjens | | Lütjens-class destroyer | D185 | |
| 18 April | Royal Australian Navy | Ovens | | Oberon-class submarine | S 70 | |
| April | Swedish Lloyd | Hispania | Sweden | Ferry | | Formerly Svea with Rederi AB Svea |
| 2 June | Royal Navy | Charybdis | | Leander-class frigate | F75 | |
| 11 July | Royal Navy | Hermione | | Leander-class frigate | F58 | |
| 9 August | Royal Navy | Jupiter | | Leander-class frigate | F60 | |
| 20 September | German Navy | Mölders | | Lütjens-class destroyer | D186 | |
| 17 October | Royal Navy | Bacchante | | Leander-class frigate | F69 | |
| 14 December | K/S A/S Explorer & Co | Lindblad Explorer | Liberia | Expeditionary cruise ship | | |
| 22 December | Royal Australian Navy | Onslow | | Oberon-class submarine | S 60 | |
| 29 December | Soviet Navy | Kronstadt | | Project 1134A Berkut A large anti-submarine ship | 585 | |

## Citations

* ↑ Preston, p. 519