OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NGC 6118

NGC 6118 is a grand design spiral galaxy located 83 million light-years away in the constellation Serpens (the Snake). It was discovered on 14 April 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.
NGC 6118 measures roughly 110,000 light-years across; about the same as our own galaxy, the Milky Way. Its shape is classified as SA(s)cd, meaning that it is unbarred and has several rather loosely wound spiral arms. The large numbers of bright bluish knots are active star-forming regions where some very luminous and young stars can be perceived.
Because NGC 6118 has loosely wound spiral open arms, no clear defined spiral arms like the Milky Way galaxy and lacks a central bar, the galaxy thus does not have a galactic habitable zone like the Milky Way. For the Milky Way, the galactic habitable zone is commonly believed to be an annulus with an outer radius of about 10 kiloparsecs and an inner radius close to the Galactic Center, both of which lack hard boundaries.
NGC 6118 is difficult to see with a small telescope. Amateur astronomers have nicknamed it the "Blinking Galaxy", as it has a tendency to flick in and out of view with different eye positions.

## Supernovae

Supernova SN 2004dk was first reported by James Graham and Weidong Li on 1 August 2004. They found it by studying images produced by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) program with the 76 cm Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) in San Jose, CA.
SN 2004dk was initially classified by European Southern Observatory astronomer Fernando Patat et al. on 4 Aug 2004 as a Type Ic supernova. Type Ib and Ic supernovae are the end result of massive stars (> 8 solar masses) that have run out of nuclear fuel. Normally one would expect to see evidence of hydrogen and helium, but when these supernova occur in a binary system the companion has sometimes gravitationally stripped the outer layers of the progenitor star away, leaving only the heavier elements. Type Ib supernovae have no hydrogen, while Type Ics have neither hydrogen or helium.
Over the following weeks Alexei Filippenko et al. and the University of California at Berkeley discovered prominent He I absorption lines, thus changing the classification of the supernova to Type Ib.
SN 2020hvp (type Ib, mag. 18.2) was discovered on 21 April 2020 by ATLAS.
# William M. Tuttle Jr.

William M. Tuttle Jr. is a professor and author of several books of note on twentieth-century American history and African-American history.

## Early life

After graduating from Denison University, Bill spent three years in the United States Air Force. He later earned a master's degree and a doctorate from the University of Wisconsin.

## Career

Tuttle has been very influential in his field. He was a professor at the University of Kansas from 1967 until he retired in 2008, teaching American Studies in the university's Department of History. He was among the founders of the university's branch of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History. Additionally, he has published many scholarly articles and has won several awards, including the H.O.P.E. Teaching Award from the Class of 2001.
In 2018, Denison University awarded Tuttle with an honorary doctorate degree.
# Fame (The Game)

"Fame (The Game)" was the fourth and final single from Donna Summer's 2008 studio album Crayons. The song was written by Summer and Toby Gad, and produced by Gad. It was released on November 19, 2008 by Burgundy. It reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2009) | Position |
| US Dance Club Songs (Billboard) | 36 |
# NGC 2002

NGC 2002 (also known as ESO 86-SC3) is an open cluster located in the Dorado constellation and is part of the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was discovered by James Dunlop on September 24, 1826. Its apparent magnitude is 10.1, and its size is 2.0 arc minutes.
NGC 2002 contains five red supergiants, prominent in deep images of the cluster. Together with the main sequence turnoff, these tightly constrain the age of the cluster to 18 million years. The cluster shows strong stellar stratification with the brightest stars concentrated at the centre of the cluster and fainter stars dominating further out.
# Daniel Koat Mathews

Daniel Koat Mathews (1937 – 4 September 2018), popularly known as DK Mathews, was a prominent politician and Nuer leader, who held several government positions and has been effectively involved in the national politics for many years. He was a major general in the Sudan People's Liberation Army now known as South Sudan People's Defense Forces.

## Biography

Daniel Koat Mathews (DK) hail from Eastern Jikany Nuer People of Gaajiok (Gaat Majiok Ki̱r Kakër) clan of Yoal kën. He was born in KuanyLualThɔa̱n, Upper Nile State. He speaks Arabic, English, Ethiopian, Swedish and his native Nuer language.

### Political career

Daniel Mathews was appointed Governor of the Upper Nile Province. In 1983, the Regional Government of Southern Sudan was divided into three Provinces. These were Bahr-El ghazal Region, Equatoria Region and the Upper Nile Region. Mathews was the governor of the Upper Nile Region for a number of years before he left that position, after the government of Gaafar Nimeiry failed to survive the national turmoil created by the war in the South and the uprising in the North.
In 1983 when the war broke out in Bor town, Dr. Garang went to Ethiopia. He was followed by many other Southern Sudan Commanders. In Ethiopia there was a split between the Southern Sudanese forces. Dr. Garang and other politicians embraced the idea of liberating the whole Sudan from the Arab rulers while other Southern Sudanese like Samuel Gai Tut and Akuot Atem insisted on the idea of simply liberating the South and making it an independent country from the North. This split led to a bloodshed which resulted in the death of both Samuel Gai Tut and Akuot Atem. After that incident, the former Anyanya 1 began to call itself Anyanya 2. That was not the name it was referred to by the SPLA soldiers. Under Gordon Koang and Duol Chol The Anyanya 2 created a link to the government in Khartoum. Between 1984 and 1986, a bloody war maintained its ugly presence and resulted in the death of many SPLA soldiers and civilians. In 1987 Daniel Mathews decided to introduce reconciliation between the SPLA and Anyanya 1. His efforts succeeded and resulted in the merging of two military organizations until 1991, when Dr. Riek Machar and Dr. Lam Akol decided to stage a coup and remove Dr. Garang. Mr. Daniel Koat Mathews is still known by countless Sudanese for this historic act of making reconciliation a success at the time it was badly needed in Southern Sudan. This merging led to military victories for SPLA. Nasir was captured and SPLA remained strong for sometime.
General Daniel K. Mathews later joined the government of Southern Sudan, and served as a major general in the Sudan People's Liberation Army until his death in Nairobi Kenya. DK witnessed the separation of South Sudan from the Sudan in 2011 as the result of Comprehensive Peace Agreement that was signed in Kenya with the help of IGAD and The International Community in 2005.
# N. crocea

N. crocea may refer to:
* Neohesperilla crocea, an Oceanian butterfly
* Nephrotoma crocea, a crane fly
* Nereis crocea, a polychaete worm
* Noumea crocea, a sea slug
# William S. Sitman

William Samuel Sitman (August 9, 1923 – February 14, 1951) was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on February 14, 1951, during the Battle of Chipyong-ni.
Sitman joined the Army from his birthplace of Bellwood, Pennsylvania in February 1943.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army, Company M, 23rd Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division
Place and date: Near Chipyong-ni, Korea, February 14, 1951
Entered service at: Bellwood, Pennsylvania, Birth: Bellwood, Pennsylvania
G.O. No.: 20, February 1, 1952
Citation:
   Sfc. Sitman distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against an armed enemy of the United Nations. Sfc. Sitman, a machine gun section leader of Company M, was attached to Company I, under attack by a numerically superior hostile force. During the encounter when an enemy grenade knocked out his machine gun, a squad from Company I, immediately emplaced a light machine gun and Sfc. Sitman and his men remained to provide security for the crew. In the ensuing action, the enemy lobbed a grenade into the position and Sfc. Sitman, fully aware of the odds against him, selflessly threw himself on it, absorbing the full force of the explosion with his body. Although mortally wounded in this fearless display of valor, his intrepid act saved 5 men from death or serious injury, and enabled them to continue inflicting withering fire on the ruthless foe throughout the attack. Sfc. Sitman's noble self-sacrifice and consummate devotion to duty reflect lasting glory on himself and uphold the honored traditions of the military service.
# FC Yalos Yalta

FC Yalos Yalta was a Ukrainian football club based in Yalta, Crimea. The club was founded in 2005. They competed in the Druha Liha for a season. After the 2005–06 season the club didn't submit a license and elected to remove themselves from the PFL.

## League and cup history (Ukraine)

    Season Div. Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Domestic Cup Europe Notes 2005–06 3rd "B" 4 28 12 7 9 28 27 43 1/16 finals Withdrew
# Ramón Tapia

Ramón Tapia may refer to:
* Ramón Tapia (boxer), Chilean boxer
* Ramón Tapia (footballer), Chilean footballer
* Ramón Tapia Espinal, lawyer and political figure from the Dominican Republic
# Daniel Bång

Daniel Niklas Bång (born 19 April 1987) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey Right wing. He played 8 NHL games with the Nashville Predators but spend most of the 2012/13 season with their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate the Milwaukee Admirals. He played as a youth with Kista HC and AIK.
Bång has previously played for AIK of the Swedish top-tier league Elitserien (SEL). He signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL) worth $0.7 million USD on 1 June 2012.
After signing a 1-year contract with Lausanne HC of the Swiss National League A (NLA) he signed a 2-year extension in January 2014. He was part of the LHC team who qualified for the playoffs for the first time in the club's history on 4 March 2014. They went on to push the top seed ZSC Lions to a seventh game that they lost 1–0 in Zurich.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2004–05 | AIK IF | J20 | 22 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005–06 | AIK IF | J20 | 26 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 78 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005–06 | AIK IF | SWE-2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2006–07 | AIK IF | J20 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2006–07 | AIK IF | SWE-2 | 44 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 50 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007–08 | AIK IF | J20 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 31 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007–08 | AIK IF | SWE-2 | 37 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008–09 | AIK IF | SWE-2 | 38 | 20 | 9 | 29 | 65 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 27 |
| 2009–10 | AIK IF | SWE-2 | 48 | 14 | 17 | 31 | 86 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 6 |
| 2010–11 | AIK IF | SEL | 40 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 82 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 2011–12 | AIK IF | SEL | 50 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 30 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 |
| 2012–13 | Milwaukee Admirals | AHL | 53 | 9 | 13 | 22 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012–13 | Nashville Predators | NHL | 8 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013–14 | Lausanne HC | NLA | 47 | 15 | 13 | 28 | 39 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 0 |
| 2014–15 | Lausanne HC | NLA | 30 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| SEL totals | SEL totals | SEL totals | 90 | 13 | 17 | 30 | 112 | 18 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 0 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 8 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
# Faker (comics)

Faker is a six-issue comic book limited series that started in July 2007 by Vertigo, written by Mike Carey, art by Jock.

## Plot

Minnesota college students Jessica, Yvonne, Marky and Sack are at a party when an ex-girlfriend of Marky's slips a bottle of "Angel's Kiss" into their drinks. Angel's Kiss turns out to be an experimental medium for liquid data storage. Shortly afterwards, a friend of the four students, Nick Philo, turns up in their dorm. After a bizarre series of events, all five come to realize that "Nick", though possessing a physical body, is not real at all, but is a creation of their minds under the influence of Angel's Kiss.
The five are then abducted by the United States government, the creators of Angel's Kiss, who are now extremely interested in its potential for weapons research as well as data storage. Jessie leads her friends on a breakout of the installation at which they are being held captive, but falls into an entire vat of Angel's Kiss in the process; she emerges transformed in some unknown manner. On the run in the open country, Marky and Yvonne are shot and killed by the soldiers pursuing them. Nick dives into a rural reservoir, and his body dissolves, apparently contaminating all the local drinking water with Angel's Kiss. Jessie ultimately escapes but, returning to her old life, finds herself constantly drinking tap water, in the hope of recreating at least part of the reality of Nick's existence.

## Collected editions

The series has been collected into a trade paperback:
* Faker (160 pages, April 2008, Titan Books, ISBN 1-84576-838-8, DC Comics, ISBN 1-4012-1663-3)
# NBI Incorporated

NBI Incorporated was an American computer company based in Boulder, Colorado that offered word processing services. NBI was known for their office automation systems; dedicated hardware platforms for word processing, document production and records management.
Products included:
* NBI System 3000
* NBI OASys 4000S
* NBI OASys 4100S and 4100X
The OASys 4100S and 4100X were introduced in May 1984. The 4100S came with single or dual 5¼" floppy disk drives, and the 4100X with a single disk drive and a 10MB hard drive. Both systems were partially IBM-compatible and came with 128KB RAM.
NBI Incorporated entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1991 after several loss-making years.
# Rape of Lewes

The Rape of Lewes (also known as Lewes Rape) is one of the rapes, the traditional sub-divisions unique to the historic county of Sussex in England.

## Location

The rape of Bramber lies to its west and the rape of Pevensey lies to its east. The north the rape is bounded by the county of Surrey and to the south by the English Channel. The rape of Lewes includes the city of Brighton and Hove in its south-west corner, as well as the towns of Burgess Hill, Haywards Heath, Lewes, Newhaven and Seaford. At 248 metres (814 ft) tall, its highest point is Ditchling Beacon on the South Downs.

## History

According to John Morris the boundary between the Rapes of Lewes and Pevensey, which cuts through the middle of Lewes, probably pre-dates the founding of the town of Lewes in the late 9th or early 10th century. If one boundary had existed so early then it is quite possible that other boundaries also existed, and the Rape of Lewes, or its precursor, may have existed at this time. Ditchling may have been an important regional centre for a large part of central Sussex between the Rivers Adur and Ouse until the founding of Lewes in the 9th century. Another possibility is that the rapes may derive from the system of fortifications, or burhs (boroughs) devised by Alfred the Great in the late ninth century to defeat the Vikings. The Rapes, or similar predecessors may have been created for the purpose of maintaining these early boroughs, which included Lewes.
At the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Rape of Lewes seems to have included the land between the Rivers Adur and Ouse and would have been given to William de Warenne. By the time of the Domesday Survey was made in 1086 a large strip of land extending to the River Adur on the west, and running from north to south, seems to have been cut off from Warenne's territory and given to William de Braose as part of his rape of Bramber. Another piece of land in the northeast of the original rape of Lewes, the hundred of East Grinstead, was given to Robert, Count of Mortain. William de Warenne was compensated for these land losses by a grant of manors in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex, which are described in Domesday Book as 'of the exchange of Lewes' or 'of the castellany of Lewes' and in the time of Henry II as the Earl of Warenne's 'new land'.

## Sub-divisions

The rape is traditionally divided into the following hundreds:
* Barcombe
* Buttinghill
* Dean
* Fishersgate
* Holmstrow
* Poynings
* Preston
* Streat
* Swanborough
* Whalebourne
* Younsmere
# Farzane Zamen

Farzane Zamen, (فرزانه ضامن) is an Iranian musician, producer and songwriter. She has released albums and singles in Persian as well as single records in English.
She has been interested in music since her childhood, and she started learning music professionally when she was 17 by playing classical guitar and learning music theory lessons. She had started writing lyrics by the age of 16, writing in both English and Persian languages. After entering Arts college she gave up classical guitar and began playing piano and keyboard.
In July 2009, she released her first single in English You've gone cold tonight on the web, which tells of an emotional gulf between lovers. The received over 2000 downloads from websites such as 4shared. For her English language songs she uses the artistic name 'Autumn Girl'.
Her first album was published in 2010; the first single from that was Persian Rooze Paeezi in November 2010. That year she also competed for the online Zirzamin Music Award by submitting her punk rock song Love Affair. The top twenty entries were featured in a compilation album, and Farzane Zamen was placed eighth.
Her first music video, Khodahafez, released in 2012, was a hit in Iran and the Iranian diaspora. It is a song about leaving Iran for foreign countries to learn freedom and how to live again, a reason why many young people felt they identified strongly with the song. Farzane does all of the composing and arrangement of her songs herself in her own home studio. Her music blends rock, indie and pop into one mainstream sound.
Because of Islamic law as it is applied in Iran, women are not allowed to sing in public, so Farzane Zamen has no opportunity to perform her music in her home country. During December 2015 she was on a one-month residency in Nordic countries arranged by Safe Muse (a Norwegian organization) to perform and work with fellow musicians there, and to get the opportunity to play in public. She performed in Bergen, Norway and Malmö, Sweden.
In 2017 she was awarded a prestigious Artist Protection Fund fellowship for artist residency hosted by Centre for Contemporary Arts of Glasgow, she's been based in Glasgow since then and been active in Scotland's music scene.
# NGC 4457

NGC 4457 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. It is also classified as a LINER galaxy, a class of active galaxy defined by their spectral line emissions. NGC 4457 Is inclined by about 33°. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 23, 1784. Despite being listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog as VCC 1145, NGC 4457 is a member of the Virgo II Groups which form an extension of the Virgo cluster.
NGC 4457 may have had a recent minor merger with another galaxy.

## Supernova

On July 1 2020, an astronomical transient was discovered in NGC 4457 by astronomer Kōichi Itagaki and confirmed by ASAS-SN. Spectroscopic classification determined the object to be a type Ia Supernova, designated SN 2020nvb.

## Physical characteristics

NGC 4457 has a broad oval zone containing an inner spiral which is defined mainly by two fairly open arms. There is a well-defined outer ring that is completely detached from the inner regions of the galaxy.

### Truncated disk

NGC 4457 has a severely reduced amount of star-formation in its disk while its inner regions have a normalized rate of massive star formation. This may have been caused by a recent interaction of the gas in the galaxy with the gas in the surrounding Virgo Cluster, causing the gas to be stripped away in an effect known as ram-pressure stripping.
# Willow Wash

Willow Wash may be:
An ephemeral stream or wash in:

## Arizona

* Willow Wash (Lake Havasu, Colorado River), Mohave County, Arizona
* Willow Wash (San Pedro River), Cochise County, Arizona
* Willow Wash (Day Wash), Navajo County, Arizona

## California

* Willow Wash (Willow Creek), Inyo County, California
* Willow Wash (Seventeenmile Point, California) in San Bernardino County, California
* Willow Wash (Ivanpah Valley), near Nipton, in San Bernardino County, California

## Nevada

* Willow Wash (Coils Creek), Eureka County, Nevada
* Willow Wash (Cataract Wash), Clark County, Nevada

## New Mexico

* Willow Wash (Plumasano, Wash), Cibola County, New Mexico
* Willow Wash (Alamo Wash), San Juan County, New Mexico
# Daniel Nagin

Daniel Steven Nagin (born November 29, 1948) is an American criminologist, statistician, and the Teresa and H. John Heinz III University Professor of Public Policy and Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College.

## Education

Nagin received his B.S. in Administrative and Managerial Sciences and M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University in 1971. He later received his Ph.D. from what is now the university's Heinz College in 1976.

## Career

Nagin served as the Deputy Secretary for Fiscal Policy and Analysis in the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue from 1981 to 1986. He joined Carnegie Mellon University in 1986 as an associate professor of management in their School of Urban and Public Affairs. In 1990, he became a professor of management in Heinz College, a position he retained until 1998. He was also the research program area director of Carnegie Mellon University's National Consortium on Violence Research from 1997 to 2001. In 2006, he became the Associate Dean of Faculty at Heinz College, and in 2008, he became the Teresa and H. John Heinz III University Professor of Public Policy and Statistics there, positions he still holds as of December 2019.

## Research

Nagin is known for researching the deterrence effect of criminal punishments, and he chaired the National Research Council’s Committee on Deterrence and the Death Penalty. In 2012, this committee released a report concluding that existing research on the deterrent effect of capital punishment is inconclusive. He has also researched the use of statistical methods for analyzing longitudinal data, as well as changes in criminal behavior over the human lifetime.

## Honors and awards

Nagin, along with Joan Petersilia, received the Stockholm Prize in Criminology in 2014. He received the Edwin H. Sutherland Award from the American Society of Criminology in 2006. In 2017, he received the NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. He is also a fellow of the American Society of Criminology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Academy of Political and Social Science.
# NOP58

Nucleolar protein 58 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOP58 gene.