OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Postumus (praenomen)

Postumus is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was most common during the early centuries of the Roman Republic. It gave rise to the patronymic gens Postumia, and later became a common cognomen, or surname. The feminine form is Postuma. The name was not regularly abbreviated, but is sometimes found as Pos. or Post.
Postumus was used by both patrician and plebeian gentes, including the Aebutii, Antistii, Cominii, Livii, Mimesii, Plautii, Sempronii, Sulpicii, and Veturii; and naturally it must once have been used by the ancestors of gens Postumia. Other gentes which later used it as a cognomen may originally have used it as a praenomen. Because it was not a common name, there are few examples of the feminine form, but Marcus Terentius Varro listed it together with other archaic praenomina that were no longer in general use by the 1st century BC, and Plutarchus mentions that it was given to the youngest daughter of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who lived during Varro's time.

## Origin and meaning

Popular etymology connects this praenomen with the modern adjective posthumous, meaning "after death", from the Latin roots for "after" and "earth" (as a metaphor for burial), and assume that it was given to children born after the death of their fathers. Such associations date from at least the time of Varro, and probably contributed to the scarcity of the name. A similar example of false etymology probably limited the use of the praenomen Opiter.
In fact, the name is derived from the adjective postumus, meaning "last" (the superlative of posterus, "next"). The name was thus given to a youngest child, son, or daughter. Naturally, this also applied to children born after the death of their father, and this coincidence is no doubt responsible for much of the confusion about the meaning of the praenomen.
# ASCAMP

ASCAMP is a sub-orbital sounding rocket that was built in 1956 by the Cooper Development Company. This was a two-stage vehicle that could reach an altitude of 110 km (68 mi). There were a total of 27 launches, all taking place in 1958, with 1 failure.
# Gypsy (soundtrack)

Gypsy is the soundtrack to the 1993 television adaptation of Gypsy. It was released by Atlantic Records on November 23, 1993, in the United States. Based on the autobiography of Gypsy Rose Lee and the 1959 musical Gypsy: A Musical Fable, written by Jule Styne and Stephen Sondheim, it depicts the life and times of a burlesque stripper and her domineering mother, starring Bette Midler as Mama Rose.
Despite the fact that the film only aired on the CBS network in the US and the soundtrack only featured Midler on seven of the seventeen tracks, it was released as a Bette Midler album by Atlantic Records. The soundtrack peaked at number 183 on US Billboard 200 but failed to chart elsewhere.

## Critical reception

AllMusic editor William Ruhlmann found that Midler "was too accustomed to being ingratiating and sympathetic to be as much of a monster as Rose is supposed to be, and she didn't quite have the voice for the more demanding songs [...] In the more confrontational numbers, such as "Some People" and "Everything's Coming Up Roses," she didn't go far enough [...] On the whole, then, Midler did a respectable job, but not the one she was capable of, if she had worked harder. As such, this Gypsy, while a vast improvement over the disastrous movie soundtrack, was on a par with the Tyne Daly revival."

## Personnel

Musicians
* Lacey Chabert – vocals (Baby June)
* Elisabeth Moss – vocals (Baby Louise)
* Bette Midler – vocals (Rose)
* Peter Riegert – vocals (Herbie)
* Joey Ceo – vocals (newsboy)
* Blake Armstrong – vocals (newsboy)
* Teo Weiner – vocals (newsboy)
* Jeffrey Broadhurst – vocals (Tulsa)
* Peter Lockyer – vocals (Yonkers)
* Michael Moore – vocals (L.A.)
* Patrick Boyd – vocals (Kansas)
* Cynthia Gibb – vocals (Louise/Gypsy)
* Jennifer Beck – vocals (June)
* Terry Lindholm – vocals (Flagstaff)
* Gregg Russell – vocals (farmboy)
* Linda Hart – vocals (Mazeppa)
* Anna McNeely – vocals (Electra)
* Christine Ebersole – vocals (Tessie Tura)
Production
* Arif Mardin – record producer
* Michael Rafter – producer
* Curt Sobel – producer
* Robert Schaper Jr – sound engineer
* David Ronne – engineer
* Matthew John McFadden – engineer
* Peggy Names – engineer
* Recorded at Capitol Studios, Hollywood, California

## Charts

Chart performance for Gypsy :
| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 175 |
# Gypsy Blood (1920 film)

Gypsy Blood (German: Zigeunerblut) is a 1920 German silent film directed by Karl Otto Krause and starring Lya De Putti, Carl Fenz and Paul Hansen. It is based on Georges Bizet's opera Carmen and should not be confused with the 1918 German silent film Carmen.

## Cast

* Lya De Putti
* Carl Fenz
* Paul Tenor
* Max Laurence
* Fritz Moleska
* Hilde Wörner [de]
# King An

King An may refer to:
* King An of Zhou (died 376 BC)
* An of Samhan (died 157 BC?)
# Leonard Rogers

Sir Leonard Rogers KCSI CIE FRS FRCP FRCS (18 January 1868 – 16 September 1962) was a founder member of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, and its President from 1933 to 1935.

## Biography

Rogers studied at Plymouth College and worked at St Mary’s Hospital. He qualified M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (1891) F.R.C.S. (1892) in London.
Rogers had a wide range of interests in tropical medicine, from the study of kala-azar epidemics to sea snake venoms, but is best known for pioneering the treatment of cholera with hypertonic saline, which has saved a multitude of lives. He also championed Indian chaulmoogra oil as a treatment for Hansen's disease (leprosy).
Rogers was one of the pioneers in setting up the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM) in Calcutta, India. In 1929, Rogers was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh.
He was president of the 1919 session of the Indian Science Congress.

## Vivisection

Rogers defended vivisection and criticized the arguments of the anti-vivisection movement. He authored a book, The Truth about Vivisection in 1937.
He was honorary treasurer of the Research Defence Society. Rogers played a leading part in obtaining a ruling from the High Court sustained by the Appeal Court and House of Lords that anti-vivisection organizations can not be regarded as charities.

## Selected publications

* Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Haemostatic and Other Drugs on the Intravascular Coagulability of the Blood, 1895.
* On the Influence of Variations of the Ground-Water Level on the Prevalence of Malarial Fevers, 1895.
* Report on the Epidemic of Malarial Fever in Assam, 1897.
* Resolution on Dr Rogers' Report on Kala Azar, 1897.
* Fevers in the Tropics, 1908.
* Leprosy, Bristol: J. Wright, 1925, with Ernest Muir.
# Leonard Rome Guthrie

Leonard Rome Guthrie (1880 in Glasgow – 1958 in Blyth, Suffolk) was a Scottish architect. His parents were the decorator John Guthrie and his wife Jessie Finlay Stark, Scots who had married in London in 1876 and would later return there. He joined the Wimperis & Simpson partnership in 1925 to form Wimperis, Simpson and Guthrie.

## Works

His works included:
* In 1912, Townhill Park House, Southampton. Italianate Gardens with planting schemes by Gertrude Jekyll.
* In 1913 he was appointed architect to the Royal Institution and masterminded its major reconstruction.
* Between 1926 and 1931, Grosvenor House, Park Lane London. The design was started by Guthrie but finished by Edwin Lutyens.
* In 1929, the University of London Observatory.
* In the 1930s, the BBC transmitter building at the Brookmans Park transmitting station near London, followed by others at Moorside Edge, Westerglen, Washford, Lisnagarvey, Burghead, Stagshaw, Start Point and Droitwich. These buildings had impressive Art Deco facades in Portland stone, and many of them survive. The Washford building is Grade II listed.
* In 1932, as part of the firm Wimperis, Simpson and Guthrie and with Maurice Bloom: Marine Gate, Brighton.
* In 1936, Winfield House, the Official Ambassadorial residence of the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom.
# A Bit of Tom Jones?

A Bit of Tom Jones? is a 2009 Welsh comedy film written, produced and directed by Peter Watkins-Hughes. It was shot on location in Tredegar, Wales, and filmed in the summer of 2007. It was independently financed by community businesses in South Wales Valleys.

## Cast

* Jonny Owen
* Roger Evans (actor)
* Eve Myles
* Matt Berry
* John Henshaw
* Denise Welch
* Margaret John
* Geno Washington
* Neil Rayment
* Stephen Marzella

## Reception

In November 2009, the film received a theatrical run at the Vue cinema chain in Wales. So successful was this run, that Vue hosted a Leicester Square red carpet screening in London. It was released on DVD in April 2010. In May 2010 A Bit Of Tom Jones? won the Best Film award at the BAFTA Cymru event held at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff.
# Yap Living History Museum

9°30′58″N 138°7′18″E﻿ / ﻿9.51611°N 138.12167°E﻿ / 9.51611; 138.12167
Yap Living History Museum is a museum in Colonia, Yap, in the Federated States of Micronesia. It is a living history museum which is dedicated to Yapese culture.

## Background

Yap Living History Museum opened on 7 December 2011. Its creation was supported by a €60,000 grant from the French government. The museum was modelled on the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in New Caledonia. Its creation was organised as a partnership between Yap Visitors Bureau and Yap State Historic Preservation Office. The museum is governed by an advisory board. In 1988 there were doubts over the foundation of the museum, since at the time there were only 1000 tourists visiting Yap each year.

## Buildings

The museum consists of four traditionally built houses, as well as a climate-controlled collections centre. The collections building is built in the style of a German colonial property, so that the museum is able to represent this era of the state's history. Re-enactment is also an important aspect of the work of the museum. There are also a number of platforms, as well as examples of stone money. The traditional buildings are used for events, in particular those that support the continuation of Yaps cultural heritage practises, such as the Stone Money Carry. It is also the location for Yap's annual canoe festival, celebrating Micronesian navigation, as well the Homecoming Festival and Yap Day. The audiences intended for many of these events are often tourists.

## Collections and research

In 2019 the museum acquired the collection of Art Bergist, who had worked on Yap as a Peace Corps volunteer and teacher in the 1970s. This collection included educational materials, paintings and traditional shell money. In 2015 the museum welcomed visitors from the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo in order to strengthen connections between cultural heritage researchers in Yap, Palau and Hawai'i.

### Overseas collections

As a legacy of colonial occupation, many objects relating to Yap's cultural heritage are held in collections overseas, including: the British Museum; National Museums Scotland; Hearst Museum of Anthropology; the Penn Museum; the Metropolitan Museum of Art, amongst others. In particular, Yap's Rai stones are held in several overseas museums, such as: National Museum of American History; Museum of the National Bank of Belgium; Bremen Museum; Osaka Museum; RBI Kolkata and others.

#### Gallery of Yapese artefacts held in overseas collections

* Adzes, including one from Yap, in the Peabody Museum
* House post in Berlin Ethnological Museum
* Woven bassinet from Yap, Osaka Museum
* Rai stone in Bremen Museum
* Rai stone on display at RBI Kolkata
* RBI Kolkata label
# Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals

The Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals may refer to:
* Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2017)
* Presidential Memorandum on Military Service by Transgender Individuals (2018)
# Free State Division

The Free State Division of the High Court of South Africa (previously named the Orange Free State Provincial Division and the Free State High Court, and commonly known as the Bloemfontein High Court) is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Free State province of South Africa. The division sits at Bloemfontein.

## History

A High Court of Justice consisting of three judges was established as the superior court of the independent Orange Free State in 1875. This court ceased to exist as a result of the Anglo-Boer War; with the British victory the Orange Free State became the Orange River Colony, and a new High Court was established for the colony. When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910 this court became the Orange Free State Provincial Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa. In 1997, on the adoption of the current Constitution of South Africa, it became a High Court, and in 2009 it was renamed the Free State High Court by the Renaming of High Courts Act. In 2013, in the restructuring brought about by the Superior Courts Act, it became the Free State Division of the High Court of South Africa.
# Linda Myers

Linda Myers may refer to:
* Linda K. Myers (born 1940), American politician in Vermont
* Linda Myers (archer) (born 1947), American archer
# Gormaz

Gormaz is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 19 inhabitants. The Arab Gormaz Castle is the oldest and largest citadel in Western Europe of its time.
# White-headed woodpecker

The white-headed woodpecker (Leuconotopicus albolarvatus) is a non-migratory woodpecker that resides in pine forests of the mountains of western North America.

## Description

It has a black body (approximately 20 cm (7.9 in) long) and white head. It has white primary feathers that form a crescent in flight. Males have a red spot at the back of the head.

## Distribution and habitat

The range of the white-headed woodpecker stretches in the mountains from British Columbia through southern California. They form nests in dead trees or snags and reproduce once per year.

## Taxonomy

Most of the range is occupied by the nominate subspecies. In the southern part of the range, L. a. gravirostris, which has a longer bill - especially in males - and tail, is only found on mountaintops of the San Gabriel Mountains to San Diego County. Birds on Mount Pinos are somewhat intermediate. mtDNA cytochrome b and ATP synthase subunit 6 sequence data confirms this arrangement and also suggests that the Mount Pinos birds are closer to L. a. gravirostris (Alexander & Burns, 2006). Apparently, the larger bill of the southern subspecies is an adaptation for being better able to feed on the large, spiny cones of Coulter pines (Pinus coulteri). Some taxonomic authorities, including the American Ornithological Society, place this species in the genus Dryobates.
# Khalid Mohamed Al Jaber

Khalid Mohamed Al Jaber (خالد محمد الجابر) is a record holder Qatari biker and traveler who travels to spread messages and create awareness about specific subjects. In 2017, he traveled 21,000 km at the silk route, from London to Beijing, promoting the work of charitable health projects that work for children without limbs. He traveled 43,000 km from Alaska to Argentina in 2018, spreading the idea of traveling and exploring among young people. The trip was supported by the Ministry of Culture and Sports of Qatar. The last trip was the road to Tasili in Algeria promoting the Algerian tourism destination in 2021 that was supported by the Ministry of tourism and handicrafts of Algeria

## Early life

Khalid Mohamed Al Jaber's passion for motorcycles began at an early age of 8. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Network Engineering and a master's degree in Innovative Technology (Computer Crime). He is a computer network engineer and also works in film production. He obtained his driver's license in 2010 and started with a classic bike. Al Jaber's first long distance travel was of 800 km which he covered by circling Qatar.

## Awards and recognition

* First Arab Biker for crossing the longest road from pole to pole
# Xystrologa

Xystrologa is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae.

## Species

* Xystrologa antipathetica (Forbes, 1931)
* Xystrologa fulvicolor Meyrick, 1919
* Xystrologa grenadella (Walsingham, 1897)
* Xystrologa invidiosa Meyrick, 1919
* Xystrologa lactirivis (Meyrick, 1932)
* Xystrologa nigrovitta (Walsingham, 1897)
* Xystrologa sympathetica (Meyrick, 1922)
# Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid

Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid is the organic compound with the formula C$_4$H$_7$CO$_2$H. It is a colorless nonvolatile liquid. It can be prepared by decarboxylation of 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid. Cyclobutanecarboxylic acid is an intermediate in organic synthesis. For example, it is a precursor to cyclobutylamine.
# Protestant Independent Labour Party

The Protestant Independent Labour Party, alternatively spelt Protestant Independent Labor and sometimes known as the Protestant Labour Party, was a minor Australian political party that operated mainly in New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia in the 1920s and 1930s. It was formed by Walter Skelton in July 1923 as the Protestant Independent Labour Party. who had stood for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly district of Newcastle at the 1922 election, campaigning as a Protestant Independent Labour candidate, in which he was elected first of five members, receiving 25.19% of the vote. In 1925 he was re-elected to the Assembly under the Protestant Labour label, as the second of five members, receiving 17.70% of the vote. The party stood candidates in 12 of the 24 districts however Skelton was the only one elected, with the next highest candidate receiving 5.10% of the district vote.
In 1924, Walter Skelton was elected President of the New South Wales division of the party, in Hamilton, New South Wales, which was the main faction of the party.
When single-member constituencies were re-introduced in 1927 Skelton stood for the seat of Wallsend but was defeated by the Labor candidate, receiving 42.19% of the vote. Skelton stood again for the 1928 Hamilton by-election but was again defeated by the Labor candidate, receiving 48.78% of the vote after the distribution of preferences.
At the 1927 South Australian election, Thomas Thompson was elected under the Protestant Labor Party banner to the two-member seat of Port Adelaide, increasing his margin in a by-election following a challenge to his election. In 1930 he stood for the Legislative Council but was unsuccessful, as were the two Protestant Labor candidates for his former seat of Port Adelaide.
In 1938 the party elected George Morris to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as the member for Kelvin Grove, but the party was soon moribund and he sat out his term as an independent. The party was formed in an attempt to counter the perceived Roman Catholic dominance within the ALP. Aside from the sectarian issue, its policies were broadly in agreement with the ALP.
# Linda Vaughn

Linda Faye Vaughn (born August 11, 1943 in Dalton, Georgia, United States) is an American motor racing personality who has been described as the "preeminent beauty queen of stock car racing", and "The First Lady of Motorsports".
Vaughn was named "Miss Queen of Speed at Atlanta International Raceway" aged 18 and has acquired many other titles since then, including Miss Hurst Golden Shifter. Vaughn has been a notable ambassador and promoter of various forms of American motor racing for several decades.
She was chosen to be the queen of the 1961 Dixie 400. Her height is 5 ft 1/2 in (1.54 m), but her measurements were 39-23-39 inches (99-58-99 cm) when she was chosen to be Miss Firebird in the first half of the 1960s. In the 1970s, her measurements were 39-26-37 in (99-66-94 cm). She married Billy Tidwell (drag racer) in 1972. They divorced in 1986.
She appeared in the 1976 film The Gumball Rally, and the 1983 film Stroker Ace.

## Awards

* She was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2019.
* She was inducted into the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame in 2021.
# Elmina Java Museum

The Elmina Java Museum is a museum in Elmina, Ghana, dedicated to the history of the so-called Belanda Hitam; soldiers recruited in the 19th century in the Dutch Gold Coast to serve in the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army. The museum is funded by the Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation.

## History

Since Arthur Japin published his The Two Hearts of Kwasi Boachi (1997), the history of the Belanda Hitam has attracted renewed attention. Ineke van Kessel, professor at the Centre for African Studies of Leiden University had met the late Edward Ulzen during her research of the history of the Belanda Hitam. This meeting brought her into contact with his son Prof. Thaddeus Patrick Manus Ulzen, who attended the tenth biennial reunion of Belanda Hitam descendants in Schiedam in the Netherlands in September 2000, and announced on that occasion the decision of his family to provide a permanent site for a museum to preserve the history of the Belanda Hitam. In 2003, the Elmina Java Museum was opened to honour the history of the Belanda Hitam at large, and the Ulzen family in particular. His 2013 book "Java Hill: An African Journey" details 10 generations of the Ulzen family history from Brielle, Netherlands to present day Elmina and the story of the founding of the museum, which is the first private museum in Ghana.

### The Ulzen family

The Ulzen family traced its origins to Jan Ulsen, a Dutchman from Brielle, who came to the Dutch Gold Coast in 1732 as an employee of the Dutch West India Company. A year later, Jan Ulsen died, leaving his son Roelof Ulsen, whom he had taken with him from the Netherlands, an orphan. Roelof Ulsen is then raised on the Gold Coast by personnel of the Dutch West India Company, and makes a career in local government, eventually serving as acting governor of the Gold Coast between 1755 and 1758.
In 1765, Roelof Ulsen sailed to the Netherland after 29 years of service, together with his Euro-African son Hermanus. In a rather sad recurrence of history, Roelof died on ship during his voyage to the Netherlands, leaving his son an orphan as well. After graduating in the Netherlands, Hermanus sails back to the Gold Coast in 1779, and it his grandson Manus Ulzen who was recruited for the Dutch East Indies Army.
# Providence Township

Providence Township may refer to:

## Iowa

* Providence Township, Buena Vista County, Iowa
* Providence Township, Hardin County, Iowa

## Minnesota

* Providence Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota

## North Carolina

* Providence Township, Pasquotank County, North Carolina, in Pasquotank County, North Carolina
* Providence Township, Randolph County, North Carolina, in Randolph County, North Carolina
* Providence Township, Rowan County, North Carolina

## Ohio

* Providence Township, Lucas County, Ohio

## Pennsylvania

* Providence Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania
* Providence Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania
* Providence Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
* Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania