OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Royal Dental Hospital

The Royal Dental Hospital was a dental hospital in Leicester Square, London, which operated from 1858 until 1985. In 1859, it opened the London School of Dental Surgery, later renamed to the Royal Dental Hospital of London School of Dental Surgery, which was the first dental school in Britain.
After the hospital closed in 1985, the building was redeveloped as the Hampshire Hotel. It is now part of the Radisson Blu Edwardian Hotels chain and is known as the Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel.

## History

The hospital was opened on 1 December 1858 as the Dental Hospital of London by the Odontological Society of London. The Odontological Society of London, founded in 1856, was one of the two main dental societies in mid nineteenth-century Britain and supported inclusion of dentistry in surgery. The rival College of Dentists of England, founded in the same year, supported a separate dental profession. In 1857 the Odontological Society petitioned Parliament to allow the Royal College of Surgeons of England to conduct dental examinations and a clause was included in the Medical Act 1858 to allow this by granting a new charter to the college. The Royal College of Surgeons was given a new charter in 1859 and introduced a dental qualification, the Licentiate in Dental Surgery in 1860. The College of Dentists founded their National Dental Hospital in Tottenham Court Road in 1861. The two societies merged in 1863 to form the Odontological Society of Great Britain and joined the Royal Society of Medicine as its Odontological Section in 1907.
The hospital was initially based at 22 Soho Square. It opened the first dental school in Britain, the London School of Dental Surgery, on 1 October 1859. Four days later, the College of Dentists founded their own Metropolitan School of Dental Science. In 1874 the hospital moved to 40–41 Leicester Square and in 1901 to a newly built larger building designed by the architects Young and Hall at 31–36 Leicester Square. In the same year, King Edward VII awarded the title of Royal Dental Hospital. The cost of the new building was funded by loans which were not repaid until 1930.$^{:70}$ The dental school was recognised as a school of the University of London in 1911. At first the school only admitted men, but it agreed to admit women in 1915. The decision was reversed between 1933 and 1939.$^{:72,94}$ In 1948 the hospital became part of the St George's Hospital Group under the National Health Act.
In the mid-1980s the dental services transferred to St George's Hospital, Tooting, and the dental school was merged with the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals. The hospital closed in 1985 and the building was redeveloped as the Hampshire Hotel. In 2022 City of Westminster Council decided to put up a plaque at the hotel to commemorate the hospital and medical school.
# Derek McKendry

Derek McKendry (1941–1999) was a New Zealand TV veteran television cameraman. He is known for spending 8 years covering coverage on the Vietnam War. In 1979 he was almost killed in Zambia after being accused of being a spy. In 1999 Derek was in a relationship with New Zealand journalist Janet McIntyre.
# Philip Chauncy

Philip Lamothe Snell Chauncy (1816–1880) was a colonial surveyor and amateur ethnographer.
Born on 21 June 1816, at Datchet in Buckinghamshire, England, he travelled to the colonies in Australia, residing in Victoria after 1839 and at the Swan River Colony (Perth, WA) between 1841 and 1853. He was appointed to the position of assistant government surveyor at Swan River. Chauncy interviewed the Indigenous inhabitants on his journeys, recording the names of the places he was documenting and incidental remarks. His reports became a source of ethnographic material for contemporary works such as Robert Brough Smyth's The Aborigines of Victoria (Melbourne 1878), supplying an appendix, 'Notes and Anecdotes of the Aborigines of Australia', along with his other remarks, and later authors of texts regarding Indigenous Australians.
The site of Chauncy Spring in the Shire of Mundaring, which he surveyed in 1847 and recorded by the existing local name 'Jardemin', was gazetted in 1848 at Perth with his name.
He married Susan Augusta Mitchell (1828–1867, daughter of William Mitchell) in 1848.
# Litchfield Island

Litchfield Island is a rocky island 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) long and rising to 50 m (164 ft), lying in Arthur Harbour, 0.9 kilometres (0.5 nmi) south of Norsel Point, off the south-west coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica.

## History

Litchfield Island was surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-names Committee (UK-APC) for Douglas B. Litchfield of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), general assistant and mountaineer at the Arthur Harbour station in 1955, who helped with the local survey and made numerous soundings through the sea ice in the vicinity of the island.

## Environment

The island, together with its littoral zone, possesses an unusually high collection of marine and terrestrial life and is unique amongst the neighboring islands as a breeding place for six species of native birds. It provides an outstanding example of the natural ecological system of the Antarctic Peninsula area. In addition, Litchfield Island possesses rich growths of vegetation and has the most varied topography and the greatest diversity of terrestrial habitats of the islands in Arthur Harbour. For these reasons, it was designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) in 1975 and is currently known as ASPA 113.

### Important Bird Area

The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of about 50 pairs of south polar skuas. Other birds nesting at the site include brown skuas, southern giant petrels, Wilson's storm petrels, Antarctic terns and kelp gulls. Formerly, some 1000 pairs of Adélie penguins also bred there. Southern elephant seals and Antarctic fur seals commonly haul out on the island.
# Westerland

Westerland may refer to:
* Westerland, Germany, a town on the island Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
* Westerland, Netherlands, a village in North Holland, Netherlands
* "Westerland" (song), by Die Ärzte
# Winwick Quay railway station

Winwick Quay railway station served the village of Winwick, Cheshire, England, from 1831 to 1840 on the Warrington and Newton Railway.

## History

The station was opened sometime after July 1831 by the Warrington and Newton Railway, although it didn't appear in Bradshaw until August 1840. It was situated on the south side of the M62 motorway. The only nearby building it had was a small railway cottage. Due to the station's remote location, it never attracted many passengers so the decision to close it was made on 25 November 1840 and official closure occurred on 28 November 1840.
# Bickeliolus

Bickeliolus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It was originally a subgenus of Ethiosciapus, but was later raised to genus rank in 1998.

## Species

* Bickeliolus alluaudi (Parent, 1935)
* Bickeliolus bogoria Grichanov, 2021
* Bickeliolus haemorhoidalis (Becker, 1923)
* Bickeliolus lamellatus (Parent, 1935)
* Bickeliolus lasiophthalmus (Lamb, 1922)
* Bickeliolus maslovae (Grichanov, 1996)
* Bickeliolus trochanteralis (Curran, 1924)
Species that are now synonyms:
* Bickeliolus gerlachi (Meuffels & Grootaert, 2007): synonym of Bickeliolus alluaudi (Parent, 1935)
# Looner

Looner can refer to:
* Looner (band), a pop rock band
* Looner, a person with a balloon fetish
# Neila

Neila is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 235 inhabitants.
# Forest Hall School

Forest Hall School is a coeducational secondary school located in Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex, England.
In 2016 64% of students gained at least 5 GCSEs at A*-C including Maths and English. This figure had increased since 2013, when 28% of students achieved at least 5 GCSE grades A*-C including English and Maths. 67% of students also achieved A*-C grades on both English and Mathematics.
The school was originally called St. Mary's High School, opening in 1956, with roughly 300 students from the local area., the school changed to Mountfitchet High School in 1993, before being renamed again to Mountfitchet Maths and Computing College. The school was re-branded as Forest Hall School in September 2013, named after the road it is situated and the new housing estate built directly adjacent to the school. The school converted to academy status in February 2015 and is now sponsored by Burnt Mill Academy Trust (BMAT).
# 1661 in Germany

Events from the year 1661 in Germany.

## Births

* Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach
* Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach
* Christian Wernicke
* Georg Böhm
* Ignaz Agricola
* Johannes Moller

## Deaths

* Gottfried Scheidt
* Johann Hülsemann
* Christoph Bach
* Johannes Pharamund Rhumelius
* Johann Cothmann
* August Buchner
* Theophil Großgebauer
# Philomène Omatuku Atshakawo Akatshi

Philomène Omatuku Atshakawo Akatshi is a politician from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Career

She served as Minister for Women's Affairs in 2007 under President Joseph Kabila and Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga. In Gizenga's second cabinet she held the post of "Ministre de Genre, de la Famille et de l'Enfant": Minister for Gender, the Family and the Child.
# Robert Ash (engineer)

Robert Lafayette Ash is a Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and an Eminent Scholar at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia.

## Early life and education

In 1968, Ash graduated from Tulane University in New Orleans with a PhD in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and in 1963, he graduated from Kansas State University with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Ash's father-in-law was Lewis Webb Jr., who served as the first president of Old Dominion University.
His research interests include vortical flows, non-equilibrium phenomena, space systems, and Mars resources.

## Publications

His most cited papers are:
* Bushnell, D. M., Hefner, J. N., and Ash, R. L. (1977). "Effect of Compliant Wall Motion on Turbulent Boundary Layers. presented at the I.U.T.A.M. Symposium on Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, Physics of Fluids, 20 (10 part 11), (pp. S31-S58)." (cited 170 times according to Google Scholar)
* Khorrami, M. R., Malik, M. R., and Ash, R. L. (1989). "Application of Spectral Collocation Techniques to the Stability of Swirling Flows." Journal of Computational Physics, 81, (pp. 206–229).(cited 150 times, according to Google Scholar)
* Ash, R. L., Dowler, W. L., and Varsi, G. (1978). "Feasibility of Rocket Propellant Production on Mars." Acta Astronautica, 5, (pp. 705–724). (cited 100 times, according to Google Scholar)
Groundbreaking for the era published and notable yet, Dr. Ash's In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) paper, authored in 1978 as a visiting Old Dominion University (ODU) Senior Research Scientist at JPL, was the first instance of NASA research into ISRU production of liquid methane-based rocket propellants for a long-duration crewed missions to Mars' surface and return strategy. As initial detailed work of this type, it directly inspired "Mars Direct" and "Mars Semi-Direct" approaches in the following decades, although NASA shifted focus and fiscal resources to LEO and the ISS soon thereafter, versus continuing Moon-to-Mars exploration. As Mars exploration becomes more widely accepted, with the popular examples of SpaceX, Inspiration Mars, and Mars One, the trailblazing work of Dr. Robert "Bob" Ash, and those that followed, like Dr. Robert Zubrin (and others) beginning in the early 1990s, pioneered the difficult task of showing ISRU's benefits for long-duration, deep space and interplanetary surface exploration. Use of ISRU is now considered central to the feasibility of any mission to Mars or beyond, and remains an area of very active research.
# Gaspard Louis

Gaspard Louis is a Haitian dancer, choreographer, and artistic director. A former dancer with Pilobolus, he is the founder and artistic director of the modern dance company Gaspard and Dancers. Louis is also on the faculty at North Carolina Central University and the American Dance Festival.

## Early life and education

Louis was born in Haiti. He immigrated to the United States when he was thirteen years old, living in Newark, New Jersey. Louis did not start training as a dancer until college. He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in dance from Montclair State University through a partnership program at the American Dance Festival. He continued his dance studies as a scholarship student with Giordano Dance Chicago and the Nikolais/Louis Dance Lab in New York. He received a Master of Fine Arts degree in dance from Hollins University.

## Career

After finishing his undergraduate studies, Louis joined the New York-based dance company AllNations, where he performed traditional world dances. He was a company member with Pilobolus for ten years and also collaborated on the choreography for nine major dance works with the company. He has also guest taught for dance programs at Duke University, North Carolina Central University, and Elon University. He later joined the faculty at North Carolina Central University.
Louis formed his own company, titled Gaspard and Dancers, in 2009 which is based in Durham, North Carolina. He and his company have performed at the Wake Forest Dance Festival, the Cape Fear Stage in Wilmington, the North Carolina Museum of Art, Duke University, the North Carolina Dance Festival, the American Dance Festival, and in Bermuda.
In 2012 Louis choreographed a trilogy of works, titled L’Espirit, Souke and Annatations, in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The works focused on dealing with tragedy and the human response to it. The trilogy was performed at the Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts in September 2015. It was later presented at the 18th annual International Festival of Contemporary Dance in Krasnoyarsk, Russia and at the American Dance Festival. Louis has also worked with Justin Tornow who, with himself, he set a duet on called Forbidden which was performed at Duke University.
In September 2019 he and his company performed at Elon University as part of the Lyceum Series. The show had political undertones, focusing on immigration in the United States.
He has also choreographed for Free Space Dance Company in New Jersey and the Kentucky University Dance Ensemble.
Louis has served on the faculty at the American Dance Festival, serving as the director of the Creative Movement Outreach Program.

## Personal life

Louis married Jodee Nimerichter in October 2005. They have two children, named Dahlia and Preston. They split their time between homes in Manhattan and Durham, North Carolina.
# Saint-Jean-Delnous

Saint-Jean-Delnous (Languedocien: Sant Joan del Nos) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.

## Geography

The river Cérou has its source in the commune.
# Gianfranco Sibello

Gianfranco Sibello (born 4 October 1975) is an Italian sailor. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 49er class.
# Peter Olrog Schjøtt

Peter Olrog Schjøtt (29 July 1833 – 7 January 1926) was a Norwegian philologist and politician.

## Personal life

Peter Olrog Schjøtt was born in 1833 to priest and politician Ole Hersted Schjøtt (1805–1848) and his wife Anna Jacobine, née Olrog, in Dybvaag where his father was stationed as vicar. He was named after his maternal grandfather Peter Olrog. He was the brother of philologist Steinar Schjøtt, who was born Stener Johannes Stenersen Schjøtt, named after professor of theology Stener Johannes Stenersen, but later adhered to Landsmål and Norwegianized his name.
Peter Olrog Schjøtt married Mathilde (1844–1926) from Christiania, philologist and daughter of noted jurist Bernhard Dunker. Their most prominent child was jurist Sofie Schjøtt.

## Career

An academic, Schjøtt was appointed acting lector in Greek philology at the University of Christiania in May 1865. In January 1866 he was given a permanent position as lector, and in June the same year he was promoted to professor. He left in March 1888.
He then embarked on a political career, representing the Liberal Party. He was a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm from 13 March 1888 to 1 August 1888, Minister of the Interior from 1 August 1888 to 28 August 1888, member of the Council of State Division again from 30 August 1888 to 1 February 1889, and then Minister of Auditing from 23 February 1889 to 13 July 1889. Within the last period he was also Minister of Finance and Customs from 1 May 1889 to 6 June 1889.
In July 1889 he returned to his professorship, this time expanded to the field of classical philology, at the University of Kristiania. He retired in April 1918. He died in that city in 1926.
# Fontains

Fontains is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Fontains are called Fontenois.
# Bethel, Washington County, Virginia

Bethel is an unincorporated community in Washington County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# 1661 Granule

1661 Granule, also designated A916 FA, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 March 1916, by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatiry in southern Germany, and named for American pathologist Edward Gall.

## Classification and orbit

The S-type asteroid is a member of the Flora family, a large collisional population of stony asteroids in the inner main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–2.4 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,179 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. Granule's observation arc begins with its observation at Bergedorf Observatory, one month after its official discovery observation. (It is unclear whether "HD 17", Message from Heidelberg Observatory #17, is the official discovery observation due to a different time stamp).

## Physical characteristics
### Rotation period

In January 2006, the first rotational light-curve of Granule was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer René Roy. It gave a longer-than average rotation period of 24 hours with a brightness variation of 0.15 magnitude (U=2). No other light-curves have been obtained yet.

### Size estimates

Granule has neither been observed by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, nor the Japanese Akari satellite, nor NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from the family's principal body and namesake, the asteroid 8 Flora – and calculates a diameter of 7.14 kilometers using an absolute magnitude of 12.9.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of Edward A. Gall, an internationally renowned American pathologist, former director of the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center and president of USCAP. It was named on the occasion of his retirement to commemorate his career and his discovery of the Gall's granule, a feature of lymphocytes. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 December 1974 (M.P.C. 3757).
# Philonome wielgusi

Philonome wielgusi is a species of moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in the south-western United States, where it has been recorded from Arizona.
The length of the forewings is 2.3–3 mm. The forewings are brown, the dorsum dark brownish grey basally. The longitudinal fascia is white, extending from the base to the basal one-third of the forewing. The costal fascia is white and found at the distal two-fifths of the costa. It is oblique and adjacent to a slender dark brown line on the anterior side. The subapical and apical spots are white and the tornal patch is white and triangular. The dorsal bar is white and oblique. The hindwings are grey.

## Etymology

The species is named in honour of Mr. Ronald S. Wielgus, who collected nearly the entire type series.
# Gaspard Manesse

Gaspard Manesse (born 25 March 1975 in Paris) is a French actor, composer and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Julien Quentin in the film Au revoir les enfants (1987). He acted in and composed the music for the film Comme il vient. Gaspard is a composer and musician - he tours throughout the heart of France playing the trumpet with a group called "Surnatural Orchestra" from the Ile-de-France.

## Filmography

* Comme il vient – 2002
* Erreur de jeunesse (fr) – 1989
* Au revoir les enfants (Goodbye, Children) – 1987
# Lossa, Finne

Lossa is a village and a former municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 July 2009, it is part of the municipality Finne.
# Bethel, Tennessee

Bethel, Tennessee may refer to:
* Bethel, Anderson County, Tennessee
* Bethel, Perry County, Tennessee
# Kissling Motorsport

Kissling Motorsport was a German auto racing team based in Münstereifel, Germany. The team has raced in the multiple series' around the world, as well as having a close cooperation with Opel and Opel Performance Center. Having developed several Opel racing cars, amongst them are the Opel Omega 3000 24V Evo that raced the 1993 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft, the Opel Astra TCR that was raced in the 2016 TCR International Series. The team have also developed several Opel Cup car amongst them the Opel Calibra Cup and Opel Astra Cup cars.
On 8 January 2019 it was announced that the team will close down its motorsport activities citing private reasons and the restructuring of Opel under the PSA Group.

## TCR International Series
### Opel Astra TCR (2016)

Originally they teamed up with 2015 TCR Teams' Champions Target Competition to run the Opel Astra TCR in 2016. However, following the first round of the championship, Opel and Kissling Motorsport decided to withdraw the car from competition after poor results. The car returned for a one-off reappearance in the series in Singapore with Jordi Oriola again piloting the car, with Kissling Motorsport running the car themselves.
# 1661 in France

Events from the year 1661 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Louis XIV

## Events

* The Paris Opera Ballet established
* The Académie Royale de Danse established

## Births

* 1 November – Louis, Grand Dauphin, heir apparent to the throne (died 1711)

### Full date missing

* Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, naval officer (died 1732)

## Deaths
### Full date missing

* Girard Desargues, mathematician (born 1591)
* René Menard, Jesuit missionary (born 1605)
* Louis Couperin, composer (born c.1626)
* Georges de Brébeuf, poet (born 1618)