OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cranege brothers

Thomas and George Cranege (also spelled Cranage), who worked in the ironworking industry in England in the 1760s, are notable for introducing a new method of producing wrought iron from pig iron.

## Experiment of 1766

The process of converting pig iron into wrought iron (also known as bar iron) was at that time carried out in a finery forge, which was fuelled by charcoal. Charcoal was a limited resource, but coal, more widely available, could not be used because the sulphur in coal would adversely affect the quality of the wrought iron.
George Cranege worked in Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, at the ironworks established by Abraham Darby I, and his brother Thomas worked at a forge in Bridgnorth in Shropshire. They suggested to Richard Reynolds, manager of the works at Coalbrookdale, that the conversion process could be done in a reverbatory furnace, where the iron did not mix with the coal. Reynolds was sceptical, but authorized the brothers to try out the idea.
Richard Reynolds, in a letter dated 25 April 1766 to his colleague Thomas Goldney III, described his conversation with the Craneges and the experiment:
   I told them, consistent with the notion I had adopted in common with all others I had conversed with, that I thought it impossible, because the vegetable salts in the charcoal being an alkali acted as an absorbent to the sulphur of the iron, which occasions the red-short quality of the iron, and pit coal abounding with sulphur would increase it.... They replied that from the observations they had made, and repeated conversations together, they were both firmly of opinion that the alteration from the quality of pig iron into that of bar iron was effected merely by heat, and if I would give them leave, they would make a trial some day.... A trial of it has been made this week, and the success has surpassed the most sanguine expectations.... I look upon it as one of the most important discoveries ever made....
A patent for the process, dated 17 June 1766, in the name of the brothers Cranege, was secured. It apparently made little difference to the lives of the brothers. The process was improved soon afterwards, by Peter Onions who received a patent in 1783, and by Henry Cort who received patents in 1783 and 1784 for his improvements.
# XEEMM-AM

XEEMM-AM is a radio station on 810 kHz in Salamanca, Guanajuato. Owned by Radio Grupo Antonio Contreras, XEEMM is known as Salmantina.

## History

The original XEEMM concession was awarded to Enrique Mejía Mendez on November 8, 1983. XEEMM operated as a 250-watt daytimer on 1210 kHz. Contreras became the concessionaire in 1993, and XEEMM moved to 810 with 4 kW day and 250 watts night later in the 90s.
# Diving at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships – Men's 1 m springboard

The Men's 1 m springboard competition of the 2024 European Aquatics Championships was held on 20 June 2024.

## Results

The preliminary round was started at 10:00. The final was held at 17:15.
Green denotes finalists
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Preliminary | Preliminary | Final | Final |
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| | Andrzej Rzeszutek | Poland | 326.80 | 5 | 250.25 | 1 |
| | Matteo Santoro | Italy | 373.05 | 1 | 391.70 | 2 |
| | Stefano Belotti | Italy | 305.40 | 11 | 370.50 | 3 |
| 4 | Kacper Lesiak | Poland | 353.80 | 3 | 370.30 | 4 |
| 5 | Stanislav Oliferchyk | Ukraine | 307.35 | 10 | 350.85 | 5 |
| 6 | Matthew Dixon | Great Britain | 359.40 | 2 | 345.30 | 6 |
| 7 | Matej Nevešćanin | Croatia | 316.10 | 6 | 329.10 | 7 |
| 8 | Bohdan Chyzhovskyi | Ukraine | 300.15 | 12 | 325.85 | 8 |
| 9 | Isak Børslien | Norway | 330.90 | 4 | 324.45 | 9 |
| 10 | Martynas Lisauskas | Lithuania | 314.70 | 7 | 312.60 | 10 |
| 11 | Nikolaj Schaller | Austria | 309.15 | 9 | 279.05 | 11 |
| 12 | Jonathan Schauer | Germany | 309.20 | 8 | 264.15 | 12 |
| 13 | Marko Huljev | Croatia | 298.90 | 13 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 14 | Alexander Lube | Germany | 294.05 | 14 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 15 | Hugo Thomas | Great Britain | 285.55 | 15 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 16 | Elias Petersen | Sweden | 282.95 | 16 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 17 | Jonas Madsen | Denmark | 270.25 | 17 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 18 | Alexandru Avasiloae | Romania | 264.20 | 18 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 19 | Tornike Onikashvili | Georgia | 260.50 | 19 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 20 | Dariush Lotfi | Austria | 254.90 | 20 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 21 | Juan Pablo Cortes | Spain | 245.85 | 21 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 22 | Sebastian Konecki | Lithuania | 244.15 | 22 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 23 | Theofilos Afthinos | Greece | 235.95 | 23 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 24 | Irakli Sakandelidze | Georgia | 222.15 | 24 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| 25 | Nikola Paraušić | Serbia | 216.35 | 25 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Cromer Conservation Park

Cromer Conservation Park is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia in the locality of Cromer in the Adelaide Hills state government region about 38 kilometres (24 mi) north-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the town centre in Birdwood.
The conservation park consists of land in section 9 in the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Talunga. It was proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 on 22 January 1976. As of 2016, it covered an area of 44 hectares (110 acres).
In 1980, it was described as follows:
   One of few areas of natural vegetation in the Mount Lofty Ranges which have not been disturbed by a history of grazing or other deleterious land use. As such it is a highly significant remnant of the wetter Mount Lofty Range vegetation. Though a small reserve, it contains a wide diversity of plant and bird species. A small Park of gentle relief, exhibiting vegetation dominated by Eucalyptus leucoxylon / E fasciculosa open forest with E. obliqua, E. goniocalyx and E. camaldulensis. The understorey consists of a dense shrub heath in which species of Acacia, Hakea, Banksia and Xanthorrhoea are the dominant constituents. Approximately seventy bird species have been recorded in the park. The park is in pristine condition having never been grazed by stock, however its limited size means it is susceptible to outside disturbance. This area is bounded on two sides by pine plantations.
In 2016, the conservation park was reported as being one of three sites in South Australia where the blue star sun-orchid (Thelymitra hygrophila) has been found. The orchid species was listed on 5 May 2016 as being Critically Endangered under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category III protected area. In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.
# Wilkos

Wilkos is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Katarzyna Wilkos (born 1993), Polish cyclist
* Rachelle Wilkos (born 1971), American television producer
* Steve Wilkos (born 1964), American television personality
# Nigel Cox

Nigel Cox may refer to:
* Nigel Cox (author) (1951–2006), New Zealand author and museum director
* Nigel Cox (doctor) (born 1945), British consultant rheumatologist and the only doctor ever to have been convicted in Britain for attempted euthanasia
* Nigel Cox (artist) (born 1959), Irish figurative artist
# Nijō Moroyoshi

Nijō Moroyoshi (二条 師良, 1345–1382), son of regent Nijō Yoshimoto, was a Japanese kugyō (court noble) of the early Muromachi period (1336–1573). He held a regent position kampaku from 1369 to 1375. His wife gave birth to two sons; both were later adopted by his father Yoshimoto.
# Nikolskoye, Pokrovsky Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate

Nikolskoye was a historic town in Pokrovsky Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate, Imperial Russia. Since 1917, it has been part of the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo. The town played a significant part in the development of the textile sector in Imperial Russia.

## Early development

The settlement grew up in the seventeenth and eighteenth century around the church of St Nicholas. The location was transformed when Savva Vasilyevich Morozov bought land here in 1797. After he had bought his freedom in 1820, he moved his business from his nearby native village of Zuevo. In the period 1837-1838 he established a new factory on wasteland. By 1859 it had a registered population of 2,489 people. This rose to 25,203 in 1897. The Morozov property in Nikolskoye was split between Vikul Eliseevich Morozov and his uncle Timofei Savvich Morozov which sat side by side each other on the banks of the Klyazma River.

## Morozov strike 1885

In January 1885, the Morozovs' Nikolskoye factory took part in a strike wave which spread across the textile sector of Imperial Russia. Over 8,000 workers took part but it was crushed by troops of the Imperial Russian Army with over 600 arrests.
# SUMO4

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SUMO4 gene.

## Function

This gene is a member of the SUMO gene family. This family of genes encode small ubiquitin-related modifiers that are attached to proteins and control the target proteins' subcellular localization, stability, or activity. The protein described in this record is located in the cytoplasm and specifically modifies IKBA, leading to negative regulation of NF-kappa-B-dependent transcription of the IL12B gene. A specific polymorphism in this SUMO gene, which leads to the M55V substitution, has been associated with type I diabetes. The RefSeq contains this polymorphism.

## Interactions

SUMO4 has been shown to interact with IκBα.
# Nils Olav Totland

Nils Olav Totland (born 17 December 1935) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He was Minister of Administration from October 1993 to October 1996, in the third cabinet Brundtland. On the local level, he was a member of Skedsmo municipal council from 1967 to 1982 and Fet municipal council from 1999 to 2003. He chaired the local party chapter in Fet from 2001 to 2007.
Outside politics, he had a career in the Norwegian State Railways from 1952 to 1971. He then became a full-time trade unionist. He was a member of the secretariat of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1982 to 1990, while chairing Statstjenestemannskartellet. From 1990 to 1993 he was secretary of Arbeidernes Opplysningsforbund. He was a member of the Labour Party central committee from 1987 to 1995.
He was a member of the board of Rikshospitalet from 1988 to 1993, Norsk Film A/S from 1991 to 1993, Den Norske Bank from 1992 to 1993 and the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority from 1997 to 2000.
# Wilson ministry

Wilson ministry may refer to:
* Frank Wilson's terms as Premier of Western Australia:
** First Wilson ministry (Western Australia), the state government led by Frank Wilson from 1910 to 1911
** Second Wilson ministry (Western Australia), the state government led by Frank Wilson from 1916 to 1917
* Harold Wilson's terms as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom:
** First Wilson ministry, the British majority government led by Harold Wilson from 1964 to 1966
** Second Wilson ministry, the British majority government led by Harold Wilson from 1966 to 1970
** Third Wilson ministry, the British minority government led by Harold Wilson from March to October 1974
** Fourth Wilson ministry, the British majority government led by Harold Wilson from October 1974 to 1976
# Saccolaimus

Saccolaimus is a genus of the family Emballonuridae, small insectivorous bats with distinctive sheathtails and pouches at the wrist.
The species have been placed with genus Taphozous, in subgenus Taphozous, although an elevation to genus accords with a 1991 revision of Australian emballonurids. The type species is Taphozous saccolaimus, published by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1838, elevated as generic combination Saccolaimus saccolaimus in this arrangement. The genus also follows Temminck's description of that species. A revision by George Dobson in 1876 erected the genus name Taphonycteris, once recognised and later suppressed as a synonym to give priority to Temminck's earlier description. A key to the genus was provided in its 1991 revision by Christian Chimimba and Darrell Kitchener.
The genus Saccolaimus Temminck, 1838 contains the following taxa:
* species Saccolaimus flaviventris (Peters, 1867). yellow-bellied pouched or sheath-tailed bat
* species †Saccolaimus kenyensis (Gunnell & Manthi, 2019)
* species Saccolaimus mixtus Troughton, 1925. Troughton's pouched bat, Papuan sheath-tailed bat
* species Saccolaimus peli. Pel's pouched bat
* species Saccolaimus saccolaimus Temminck, 1838. naked-rumped pouched bat
The diversity of this genus in Australia, identified as species S. saccolaimus and S. flaviventris, is poorly resolved and requires re-examination of records.
# Frederick H. Evans

Frederick H. Evans (26 June 1853 – 24 June 1943) was an English photographer, best known for his images of architectural subjects, such as English and French cathedrals.
Evans was born and died in London. He began his career as a bookseller, but retired from that to become a full-time photographer in 1898, when he adopted the platinotype technique for his photography. Platinotype images, with extensive and subtle tonal range, non glossy-images, and better resistance to deterioration than other methods available at the time, suited Evans' subject matter. Almost as soon as he began, however, the cost of platinum - and consequently, the cost of platinum paper for his images - began to rise. Because of this cost, and because he was reluctant to adopt alternate methodologies, by 1915 Evans retired from photography altogether.
Evans' ideal of straightforward, "perfect" photographic rendering - unretouched or modified in any way - as an ideal was well-suited to the architectural foci of his work: the ancient, historic, ornate and often quite large cathedrals, cloisters and other buildings of the English and French countryside. This perfectionism, along with his tendency to exhibit and write about his work frequently, earned for him international respect and much imitation. He ultimately became regarded as perhaps the finest architectural photographer of his, or any, era - though some professionals privately felt that the Evans' philosophy favoring extremely literal images was restrictive of the creative expression rapidly becoming available within the growing technology of the photographic field.
Evans was also an able photographer of landscapes and portraits, and among the many notable friends and acquaintances he photographed was George Bernard Shaw, with whom he also often corresponded. Evans was made an honorary fellow of the Royal Photographic Society in 1928, he was also a member of the Linked Ring photographic society.

## Gallery

* A Memory of the Normans (1903)
* Across Nave and Octagon (1903)
* Height and Light in Bourges Cathedral (1903)
* In Sure and Certain Hope (1904)
* In Sure and Certain Hope (1903)
* Into the North Transept (1903)
# Frederick H. Ecker

Frederick Hudson Ecker (August 30, 1867 – March 20, 1964) was an Insurance executive, and president of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. He won the 1947 Gold Medal Award from The Hundred Year Association of New York.

## Life

He was born in Phoenicia, New York, and grew up in Brooklyn. He starting working for Metropolitan as an office boy, and rose to become chairman. He was president, from 1929 to 1936.
He was involved in the company's real estate investments: Parkchester, and Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village and Riverton Houses in Manhattan. These projects were racially segregated, which Ecker justified by saying, "If we brought Negroes into these developments, it would be to the detriment of the city, because it would depress all the surrounding property.”
In 1935, he was questioned by the Securities and Exchange Commission, about railroad investments. In 1940, he defended investing in the Empire State Building. In 1941, the company invested in large garden apartment developments in San Francisco, and Los Angeles.

## Family

In 1890, married Henrietta Worrall Harris; in 1932, he married Mrs. Ann Edith Strafford. She died in 1950. His son Frederic W. Ecker (1896-1964) was his second successor (after Leroy A. Lincoln) as president and chairman of Metropolitan Life.
# Nina Mitchell Wells

Nina Mitchell Wells (born September 9, 1950) is an American attorney and politician who served as Secretary of State of New Jersey in the cabinet of Governor Jon Corzine.

## Early life and education

Wells was born in Washington, D.C., where she attended Immaculate Conception Academy. Wells began college at Mount St. Joseph University before graduating from Newton College of the Sacred Heart with a B.A. in 1972. Wells then received her Juris Doctor from Suffolk University Law School in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Career

Prior to assuming her cabinet post in January 2006, Wells served as a vice president at Schering-Plough and assistant dean at Rutgers Law School.
As Secretary of State, Wells served one four-year term, concurrent to the term of the governor. Her term expired on January 19, 2010. As Secretary, she was the state's chief elections officer and oversaw tourism, historical affairs, cultural and arts programs, Native American affairs, literacy, volunteerism, the state archives.
In 2008, Wells was named as a defendant in the case Donofrio v. Wells, an attempt to force her to stay the presidential election in New Jersey pending investigations into the citizenship of Barack Obama. The case was ultimately unsuccessful.
In July 2024, after U.S. Senator Bob Menendez announced his resignation following his corruption conviction, Governor Phil Murphy began to consider appointing Wells to the Senate seat.

## Personal life

She and her husband, criminal defense lawyer Ted Wells, reside in Livingston, New Jersey. Wells is a Democrat.
# Kurnik

Kurnik may refer to
* Kurnik (pirog), a type of Russian pirog
* PlayOK, a website of board and card games formerly known as Kurnik
# Williamson baronets

There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Williamson, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
The Williamson Baronetcy, of East Markham in the County of Nottingham, was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 June 1642 for Thomas Williamson. He was a supporter of the Royalist cause in the Civil War, which loyalty resulted in the sequestration of all his Nottinghamshire estates, for which he compounded at a cost of £3400.
The family removed to County Durham as a consequence of marriage and from the 18th century the family seat was Whitburn Hall, near Sunderland ( the house was demolished in 1980). The fourth Baronet served as High Sheriff of Durham 1723–1747. The fifth (1747–88) and sixth Baronets (1789–1810) also served in that office. The seventh Baronet sat as Whig Member of Parliament (MP) for County Durham 1831–2, and Sunderland 1847 and was High Sheriff in 1840. The eighth Baronet represented Durham North in the House of Commons 1864–74. The ninth Baronet was High Sheriff in 1904. The title became extinct on the death of the eleventh Baronet in 2000.
The Williamson Baronetcy, of Glenogil in the County of Forfar, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 29 July 1909. For more information on this creation, see the Baron Forres.

## Williamson baronets, of East Markham (1642)

* Sir Thomas Williamson, 1st Baronet (1609–1657)
* Sir Thomas Williamson, 2nd Baronet (1636–1703)
* Sir Robert Williamson, 3rd Baronet (died 1707)
* Sir William Williamson, 4th Baronet (1681–1747)
* Sir Hedworth Williamson, 5th Baronet (c. 1710–1788)
* Sir Hedworth Williamson, 6th Baronet (1751–1810)
* Sir Hedworth Williamson, 7th Baronet (1797–1861)
* Sir Hedworth Williamson, 8th Baronet (1827–1900)
* Sir Hedworth Williamson, 9th Baronet (1867–1942)
* Sir Charles Hedworth Williamson, 10th Baronet (1903–1946)
* Sir Nicholas Frederick Hedworth Williamson, 11th Baronet (1937–2000)

## Williamson baronets, of Glenogil (1909)

* see Baron Forres
# Sagami (poet)

Sagami (相模, dates unknown, but born c. 1000), also known as Oto-jijū (乙侍従), was a Japanese waka poet of the mid-Heian period. One of her poems was included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. She produced a private collection, the Sagami-shū.

## Biography

Sagami's dates are unknown, but she was probably born around 1000. Her real name was Oto-jijū.
Her paternal ancestry is unknown, but she was supposedly a daughter of Minamoto no Yorimitsu. The fourteenth-century work Chokusen Sakusha Burui (勅撰作者部類) claims Yorimitsu was her father, but the Kin'yōshū includes a renga by Yorimitsu and "Sagami's mother" (相模母), so it is also possible he was her adoptive father. Her mother was a daughter of Yoshishige no Yasuaki, governor of Noto (前能登守慶滋保章).
She was married to Ōe no Kin'yori (大江公資, also read Kinsuke), during his tenure as the governor of Sagami Province, from which her nickname is derived. She served Prince Shūshi (脩子内親王, Shūshi-naishinnō), one of the sons of Emperor Ichijō.

## Poetry

109 of her poems were included in imperial anthologies starting with the Goshūi Wakashū. She was included in the Late Classical Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry.
The following poem by her was included as No. 65 in Fujiwara no Teika's Ogura Hyakunin Isshu:
| Japanese text | Romanized Japanese | English translation |
| 恨みわび ほさぬ袖だに あるものを 恋に朽ちなむ 名こそ惜しけれ | Urami-wabi hosanu sode dani aru mono wo koi ni kuchinan na koso oshikere | My sleeves will never dry with all these bitter tears of unrequited love. But even worse, the regret of having lost my good name— tainted by this love. |
She produced a private collection, the Sagami-shū (相模集).
# Fraser Lake (disambiguation)

Fraser Lake may refer to:
* Fraser Lake (Nautley River), lake in northern British Columbia, Canada, a source of the Nautley River
** Fraser Lake, British Columbia, a village in northern British Columbia, Canada
* Fraser Lake (Minnesota), lake in Lake County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota
* Fraser Lake (Western Australia), lake in the Australian state of Western Australia
# Kuwait at the 2021 Summer World University Games

Kuwait competed at the 2021 Summer World University Games in Chengdu, China held from 28 July to 8 August 2023.

## Competitors

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Swimming | 2 | 0 | 2 |

## Athletics
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Hashem Al-Ali | High jump | 2.00 | 24 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Abdullah Al-Zankawi | Discus throw | — | — | NM | NM |
| Mohammad Khan | Hammer throw | 55.58 | 21 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Swimming
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Ali Buabbas | 50 metre breaststroke | 32.05 | 43 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ali Buabbas | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:11.62 | 42 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Waleed Abdulrazzaq | 50 metre freestyle | 23.83 | 34 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Waleed Abdulrazzaq | 100 metre freestyle | 50.85 | 26 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Waleed Abdulrazzaq | 50 metre butterfly | 24.45 | 18 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Waleed Abdulrazzaq | 100 metre butterfly | 55.34 | 26 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |