OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ponte Velha de São Pedro da Torre

Ponte Velha de São Pedro da Torre is a bridge in the civil parish of São Pedro da Torre, municipality of Valença in the Portuguese district of Viana do Castelo.

## History

During the Roman period, this area was part of the Lima to Minho axis, a roadway that connected Braga to the northwestern peninsula, and was a point of passage, if not terminal line (from conclusions of Ferreira de Almeida in 1987). In the immediate vicinity, in the local of Chamosinhos, are vestiges of Romana structures, and specifically a millenarian marker.
The bridge was re-constructed between the 13th and 14th century. The double ramp, which was not entirely horizontal, had some interventions in order support the structure. Although it maintained its semi-perfect Roman arch, the fact that the staves were "long and narrow" indicates that the bridge was reconstructed. Medieval reforms during the time affected eastern territories, allowing more human migration and helping to support inter-regional commercial traffic, substantiating the idea that the bridge was reconstructed during the time.
Meanwhile, other opinions point to its re-construction during the modern epoch.

## Architecture

The bridge is situated in an urban area, crossing the main river in the settlement of São Pedro da Torre, surrounded by a few buildings. In the same settlement, almost 100 metres (330 ft) is another smaller bridge over the same river.
The bridge maintains some of the characteristics attributable to the Roman period: which include the "Roman" arch and double ramp, its regular base and pavement, which is still largely Roman in nature, using large, homogeneous slabs and carefully placed.
The platform is preceded by access ramps, and the platform constructed of Portuguese pavement forms a trestle that is almost imperceivable over a single arch. Constructed of granite blocks/slabs, simple guardrails flank either side of the platform. At the midpoint of the bridge is a socle with stone cross, where a wooden image of a crucified Christ is situated.
# Pleroma urvilleanum

Pleroma urvilleanum, synonym Tibouchina urvilleana, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil.
Common names include:
* glory bush
* lasiandra
* princess flower
* pleroma
* purple glory tree
The specific epithet urvilleanum commemorates the 19th-century French explorer and botanist Jules Dumont d'Urville.

## Description

Growing to 3–6 m (10–20 ft) tall by 2–3 m (7–10 ft) wide, it is a sprawling evergreen shrub with longitudinally veined, dark green hairy leaves. Clusters of brilliant purple flowers up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with black stamens, are borne throughout summer and autumn.

## Cultivation

Under the synonym Tibouchina urvilleana, Pleroma urvilleanum has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
With a minimum temperature of 3 °C (37 °F), it requires some winter protection, and in temperate areas is often grown in a conservatory. However, it can also be grown outside in a sunny, sheltered spot. Plants are best grown in acidic and well-drained soils and spread by suckers. It can be trained as a vine and grown on a trellis.
# Gillies' conjecture

In number theory, Gillies' conjecture is a conjecture about the distribution of prime divisors of Mersenne numbers and was made by Donald B. Gillies in a 1964 paper in which he also announced the discovery of three new Mersenne primes. The conjecture is a specialization of the prime number theorem and is a refinement of conjectures due to I. J. Good and Daniel Shanks. The conjecture remains an open problem: several papers give empirical support, but it disagrees with the widely accepted (but also open) Lenstra–Pomerance–Wagstaff conjecture.

## The conjecture

    ${\text{If }}$$A<B<{\sqrt {M_{p}}}{\text{, as }}B/A{\text{ and }}M_{p}\rightarrow \infty {\text{, the number of prime divisors of }}M$
    ${\text{ in the interval }}[A,B]{\text{ is Poisson-distributed with}}$
       ${\text{mean }}\sim {\begin{cases}\log(\log B/\log A)&{\text{ if }}A\geq 2p\\\log(\log B/\log 2p)&{\text{ if }}A<2p\end{cases}}$
He noted that his conjecture would imply that
* The number of Mersenne primes less than $x$ is $~{\frac {2}{\log 2}}\log \log x$.
* The expected number of Mersenne primes $M_{p}$ with $x\leq p\leq 2x$ is $\sim 2$.
* The probability that $M_{p}$ is prime is $~{\frac {2\log 2p}{p\log 2}}$.

## Incompatibility with Lenstra–Pomerance–Wagstaff conjecture

The Lenstra–Pomerance–Wagstaff conjecture gives different values:
* The number of Mersenne primes less than $x$ is $~{\frac {e^{\gamma }}{\log 2}}\log \log x$.
* The expected number of Mersenne primes $M_{p}$ with $x\leq p\leq 2x$ is $\sim e^{\gamma }$.
* The probability that $M_{p}$ is prime is $~{\frac {e^{\gamma }\log ap}{p\log 2}}$ with a = 2 if p = 3 mod 4 and 6 otherwise.
Asymptotically these values are about 11% smaller.

## Results

While Gillie's conjecture remains open, several papers have added empirical support to its validity, including Ehrman's 1964 paper.
# Rupa-Rupa

Rupa-Rupa or High Jungle is one of the eight natural regions of Peru. It is located between 400 and 1,000 m above the sea level to the east of the Andes mountain range in the Amazon basin of Peru. This region has many long, narrow valleys and fluvial mountain trails (canyons called pongos). The weather is warm, humid, and rainy.
This region has a tropical flora.
The fauna includes the Brazilian tapir (sachavaca, also called mountain cow), the white-lipped peccary (huangana), and the jaguar (otorongo).
Rupa Rupa is the hottest region in Peru.

## Overview

Andean Continental Divide
| Westside | Eastside |
| Chala, dry coast | Lowland tropical rainforest or Selva baja |
| Maritime Yungas | Highland tropical rainforest or Selva alta |
| Maritime Yungas | Subtropical cloud forest or Fluvial Yungas |
| Quechua – Montane valleys | Quechua – Montane valleys |
| Tree line | Tree line – about 3,500 m |
| Suni, scrubs and agriculture | Suni, scrubs and agriculture |
Mountain Top:
* Mountain passes – 4,100 m
* Puna grassland
* Andean-alpine desert
* Snow line – about 5,000 m
* Janca – Rocks, Snow and Ice
* Peak
# Ganventa

Ganventa was a settlement of Roman antiquity near the Zeelandic town of Colijnsplaat. It was situated on the southern shore of the river Scheldt.
There was a temple for the goddess Nehalennia here. Little is known about Nehalennia, but she must have been a Celtic or Germanic goddess, with power over trade and seafaring. Many travelers visited Ganventa on their journey, and prayed to Nehalennia for a safe journey over sea. The large number of altar stones found indicates that Ganventa was a major site for the worship of the goddess. Altars and remains of the temple were lifted out of the Eastern Scheldt in 1970. In 2005, a replica of the Gallo-Roman temple in Colijnsplaat was opened to the public.

## Finds after 1970

On 14 April 1970m fisherman K. J. Bout found parts of an altar to Nehalennia in his nets while fishing near Colijnsplaat. Focused searches in 1970, 1971, and 1974 resulted in the find of about 240 altars and statues, votive stones and remains of a Roman building. These are now stored and displayed in the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden. These were found in the Schaar of Colijnsplaat, a fairway in the Eastern Scheldt, where the temple of Nehalennia once stood.
The names of the persons who dedicated the statues and altars show that they were merchants from Italy, Cologne, Trier and Britain. They traded in salt, fish sauce, and textiles. Other wares included ceramics from the area around the Rhine, terracotta figurines from Cologne and Trier, and wine from Southern France and the Mosel. One inscription found translates to: "Before Nehalennia, Marcus Exingius Agricola, citizen of Trier, salt merchant in Cologne, has fulfilled his promise, willing and with reason." The majority of the votive offerings were donated by merchants to beseech the goddess for safe passage to Britannia.
In the period after the year 300, the temple disappeared into the Schaar of Colijnsplaat, near the settlement of Ganventa. Since 1999, a group of Flemish amateur archaeologists belonging to the Landelijke Werkgroep Archeologie Onder Water (National Work Group of Underwater Archaeology) has worked to map the bottom of the sea, around the location where the temple disappeared beneath the waves. A replica of the temple was built in Colijnsplaat in 2004.
# Manpo Airport

Manpo Airport(만포비행장) is an airport near Manpo, Chagang Province, North Korea.

## Facilities

The airfield has a single grass runway 03/21 measuring 7850 x 174 feet (2393 x 53 m). The northern half of the runway is bordered by earth aircraft revetments. It is only a few miles from the border with China. During the Korean War, the USAF designated this airfield as K-32 and Oesichon-dong.
# Let's Pizza

Let's Pizza is a company, which manufactures pizza making vending machines. The pizzas are prepared from scratch and it is the first vending machine to produce freshly made ready-to-eat pizza. Let's Pizza machines combine technology with traditional pizza making. Customers can choose their preferred toppings, and the machine will prepare the dough, add sauce and toppings, and bake the pizza in a matter of minutes.

## Information

The machine combines water, flour, tomato sauce, and fresh ingredients to make a pizza in approximately three minutes. It includes windows so customers can watch the pizza as it is made. The pizza is cooked in an infrared oven. The machine is made to create 100 pizzas before it needs to be refilled with its ingredients.

## History

The development of the pizza vending machine began in the mid-1990s. Let's Pizza's machine cooks pizzas from scratch and a working prototype was made in 2003. The machines were made in Northern Italy. Later that year, test marketing began in Germany. Rollout started in 2009: the machines spread over Europe, and especially through Italy. Let's Pizza entered the South Korean market in 2015.
# Paralithoxus surinamensis

Paralithoxus surinamensis is a species of armored catfish endemic to Suriname where it is found in stony rivulets of the Gran Rio basin. This species grows to a length of 4.1 centimetres (1.6 in) SL.
# Bill Moyers Journal

Bill Moyers Journal was an American television current affairs program that covered an array of current affairs and human issues, including economics, history, literature, religion, philosophy, science, and most frequently politics. Bill Moyers executive produced, wrote and hosted the Journal when it was created. WNET in New York produced it and PBS aired it from 1972 to 1976.
In 1979, following a nearly three-year hiatus, PBS announced that Bill Moyers Journal would return for a second series, which would cover a broader range of issues in depth. This included election coverage and documentary footage from several U.S. states, among them Florida, Texas, Illinois, Washington, D.C., and Nevada. In addition, among its pop-culture coverage, the Journal reported on the 25th anniversary of the premiere of the long-running NBC talk program The Tonight Show. Like the first installment, the second one was produced by WNET in New York City, and was aired on PBS. The second installment ended in 1981.
For the second time, Bill Moyers Journal returned to television on April 25, 2007. The debut episode was "Buying The War", which demonstrated how the commercial U.S. media served as an unwitting partner to the Bush administration in convincing the American people that the Iraq War was legitimate and necessary.
On November 20, 2009, Moyers announced that he would retire from the Journal effective April 30, 2010. The April 30, 2010, 90-minute special series finale reported on Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement and featured an interview with community organizer Jim Hightower. Moyers concluded with an interview with writer Barry Lopez and a personal reflection on his relationship to journalism.
Bill Moyers Journal's website provides an extensive video, blog, and transcript archive dating back to 1974, and includes NOW on PBS, the program Moyers hosted from 2002 to 2004, during his hiatus from the Journal.

## Kathleen Hughes

Kathleen Hughes directed episodes of Bill Moyers Journal (2007–2010). In 1985, Hughes received a master’s in journalism from Columbia University. Hughes was an assistant film editor for Vladimir Horowitz: The Last Romantic (1985) by Albert and David Maysles. Hughes has produced, directed, and written documentaries for Bill Moyers (with cinematographer Maryse Alberti), PBS Frontline and ABC News' Turning Point. Her works have won Emmys, a New York Emmy, the DuPont-Columbia Gold Baton, the Wilbur Award, the Gracie Award, the Sidney Hillman Prize, the Society of Professional Journalists First Amendment Award, the Harry Chapin Media Award, and the Christopher Award. Hughes and Abigail Disney directed The Armor of Light (2015) and The American Dream and Other Fairy Tales (2022).
# Rupa-Rupa District

Rupa-Rupa District is one of six districts of the province Leoncio Prado in Peru.

## Climate

Climate data for Tingo María, Rupa-Rupa, elevation 657 m (2,156 ft), (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29.0 (84.2) | 29.3 (84.7) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.0 (86.0) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30.4 (86.7) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.8 (85.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.5 (68.9) | 20.5 (68.9) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 19.6 (67.3) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 20.2 (68.4) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.1 (68.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 420.9 (16.57) | 394.4 (15.53) | 401.1 (15.79) | 262.1 (10.32) | 214.9 (8.46) | 146.7 (5.78) | 125.7 (4.95) | 105.4 (4.15) | 167.6 (6.60) | 273.4 (10.76) | 356.8 (14.05) | 437.4 (17.22) | 3,306.4 (130.18) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru ||||||||||||||
# List of mayors of Bedum

This is a list of mayors of Bedum. Bedum is a town in the north of the Netherlands.
| Years | Name | Party or ideology | Comments |
| 1808–1812 | Jan Wieringa | | |
| 1812–1825 | Jan Rijkens | | |
| 1825–1835 | Berend Peppink | | Fired and found guilty of theft and embezzlement. |
| 1835–1858 | Mr. Carel van Naerssen | | During 1837–1857 also Mayor of Adorp |
| 1858–1860 | Mr. Antonius van Roijen | | |
| 1860–1873 | Jan Leopold | | Previously Mayor of Adorp, died 29 September 1873 |
| 1873–1878 | Wijtze Bekker | | Previously Mayor of Winsum, next Mayor of Hennaarderadeel |
| 1878–1895 | Reinder van Bruggen | | |
| 1895–1909 | Dr. Hieronijmus Schleurholts | | |
| 1909–1914 | Simon Berman | | Previously Mayor of Schagen, next Mayor of Alblasserdam |
| 1914–1917 | Klaas van Sevenhoven | ARP | Previously Mayor of Stedum, next Mayor of Onstwedde |
| 1917–1944 | Minne Jouwstra | ARP | Previously Municipal Director of Ambt Hardenberg |
| 1944–1945 | Ido Timmer | NSB | Enriched himself with Jewish property, arrested and threatened residents. Died in 1962. |
| 1945–1947 | Minne Jouwstra | ARP | |
| 1947–1962 | Jan Spoelstra | ARP | Previously Mayor of Leens |
| 1962–1971 | Jos Lindeboom | ARP | Previously Mayor of Leens |
| 1971–1991 | Albert Smallenbroek | ARP/CDA | Previously Mayor of Oldekerk |
| 1991–2009 | Wilte Everts | CDA | Previously Deputy Mayor of Winsum |
| 2010–2017 | Henk Bakker | CDA | Previously Municipal Director of Groningen, started as Caretaking Mayor |
| 2017–2018 | Erica van Lente | PvdA | Caretaking Mayor, next Mayor of Dalfsen |
# Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Santa Maria

Nossa Senhora de Fátima ("Our Lady of Fátima") is a bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in central Santa Maria.

## Villages

The bairro contains the following villages: Fátima, Vila Antônio Corrêa, Vila Holtermann, Vila Militar, Vila Selmer.

## Gallery of photos

vtePlaces adjacent to Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Santa Maria :
Noal Patronato
Bonfim
Bonfim Centro
Patronato
Nossa Senhora de Fátima
Centro
Duque de Caxias Nossa Senhora Medianeira
Nossa Senhora Medianeira
Centro Nossa Senhora Medianeira :
# Sahajarasar

Sahajarasar is a village located in Lunkaransar Tehsil of Bikaner district, Rajasthan, India, with total 815 families residing. The village of Sahajrasar divided in two parts once is "Sahajrasar" and second is Sahajrasar Bas. The village Sahjarasar became a topic of discussion recently when a sudden land subsidence created a crater of 70 feet deep.

## Demographics

Sahajarasar village has population of 3983 of which 2098 are males while 1885 are females as per Population Census 2011.
# Ganus

Ganus is a monotypic genus of planthoppers in the tribe Delphacini, erected by Jinhua Ding in 2006. It contains the species Ganus pallicarinatus from China.
# Parallactic Island

Parallactic Island is the most northwesterly of the Parallactic Islands in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. So named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) because a photo-theodolite was erected on the island for parallactic measurement of the aurora by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) in 1961.
# Bill Mraz Dance Hall

The Bill Mraz Dance Hall, located at 835 West 34th Street in Houston, Texas, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1998. However, it was delisted on December 22, 2004, after being destroyed by a fire in October 2004.
# Neuville-aux-Bois

Neuville-aux-Bois (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

## Notable people

* Damien Plessis, footballer
# Retimohnia

Retimohnia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Retimohniidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Retimohnia include:
* Retimohnia acadiana Garcia, 2008
* Retimohnia bella (Ozaki, 1958)
* Retimohnia caelata A. E. Verrill, 1880
* Retimohnia clarki (Dall, 1907)
* Retimohnia frielei (Dall, 1891)
* Retimohnia glypta (A. E. Verrill, 1882)
* Retimohnia hondoensis (Dall, 1913)
* Retimohnia lussae Kosyan & Kantor, 2016
* Retimohnia mcleani Kosyan & Kantor, 2016
* Retimohnia micra (Dall, 1907)
* Retimohnia robusta (Dall, 1913)
* Retimohnia sordida (Dall, 1907)
* Retimohnia vernalis (Dall, 1913)

### Species brought into synonymy

* Retimohnia buccinoides (Dall, 1913): synonym of Retifusus buccinoides (Dall, 1913)
* Retimohnia carolinensis (A. E. Verrill, 1884): synonym of Mohnia carolinensis (Verrill, 1884)
* Retimohnia clementinus (Dall, 1919): synonym of Limatofusus clementinus (Dall, 1919)
* Retimohnia corbis (Dall, 1913): synonym of Fusipagoda corbis (Dall, 1913)
* Retimohnia daphnelloides (Okutani, 1964): synonym of Retifusus daphnelloides (Okutani, 1964)
* Retimohnia japonica (Dall, 1913): synonym of Retimohnia micra (Dall, 1907)
* Retimohnia laticingulatus (Golikov & Gulbin, 1977): synonym of Retifusus laticingulatus Golikov & Gulbin, 1977
* Retimohnia multicostata (Habe & Ito, 1965): synonym of Mohnia bella (Ozaki, 1958)
* Retimohnia olivacea (Bartsch, 1929): synonym of Retifusus olivaceus (Bartsch, 1929)
* Retimohnia robusta (Dall, 1913): synonym of Mohnia robusta Dall, 1913
* Retimohnia toyamana (Tiba, 1981): synonym of Retifusus toyamanus (Tiba, 1981)
* Retimohnia virens (Dall, 1877): synonym of Retifusus virens (Dall, 1877)
# Nossa Senhora das Graças

Nossa Senhora das Graças is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.
# Maj. John A. Pickler Homestead

The Maj. John A. Pickler Homestead, also known as the Pickler Project, is a historic house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It located on the south edge of the city of Faulkton, South Dakota.
It was home of Major Pickler, an influential person in the transition of South Dakota from territory to statehood in 1889. He served in the territorial legislature and was appointed and elected to four terms of the U.S. Congress. Alice Pickler was involved in the Women's Suffrage movement.
The home was visited by Theodore Roosevelt, Susan B. Anthony, and distinguished others.
# Cabaret Cornichon

The Cabaret Cornichon (English: Gherkin cabaret) was a Swiss cabaret company.
It existed from 1934 to 1951 and was founded by Otto Weissert, Walter Lesch, Emil Hegetschweiler and Alois Carigiet. They were later joined by, among others, Max Werner Lenz, Elsie Attenhofer, Voli Geiler, Margrit Rainer, Ruedi Walter, Heinrich Gretler, Zarli Carigiet, Karl Meier and Alfred Rasser. The musical director was the pianist, Nico Kaufmann. From autumn 1950 to spring of 1951, Margrit Läubli appeared in the last programs of Cabaret Cornichon.
The Cabaret Cornichon was essentially an entertainment cabaret but, inspired by the ideals of what later became known as 'Geistige Landesverteidigung' ('national' spiritual defence), it also opposed fascism and Nazism. The term "Geistige Landesverteidigung" refers to the strong and widespread political will of the Swiss to defend the country’s independence and democratic constitution against the Nazis. The cabaret was established in opposition to the right-wing organization known as the ‘Frontenbewegung’, whose views mirrored those of the National Socialist Party in Germany.
After the Second World War, the cabaret split up amid the political tensions of the Cold War. While some of its members sided with the political left, those in opposition founded the Cabaret Fédéral in 1949.
# List of ships named Herald

A number of sailing ships have been named Herald, for the Herald:
* Herald was launched at Newburyport, Massachusetts in 1797. The US Navy purchased her from Edward Davis in 1798 and sold her in 1801. She became the French 20-gun privateer corvette Africaine. In 1804 a British privateer seized her on 4 May 1804 at Charleston, South Carolina. The seizure gave rise to a case in the U.S. courts that defined the limits of U.S. territorial waters. The U.S. courts ruled that the privateer had seized Africaine outside U.S. jurisdiction. Africaine then became a Liverpool-based slave ship that made two voyages carrying slaves from West Africa to the West Indies. After the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 she became a West Indiaman that two French privateers captured in late 1807 or early 1808.
* Herald (1798 ship) acquired a letter of marque on 15 January 1798. On 24 February as she was entering the Bay of Naples, three French privateers attacked her; in a three-hour action she repelled the attack. In August she captured a Spanish ship, but in December 1798 or January 1799 five Spanish frigates captured Herald.
* Herald was a ship launched in 1799 at Whitby that the British Royal Navy purchased in 1803 and renamed HMS Scourge. The Navy sold her in 1816 and she returned to mercantile service under her original name. She was lost in 1835.
* Herald (1826 ship), was a 55-ton (bm) schooner, the first vessel built in New Zealand. Missionaries launched her in 1826, and she was wrecked in 1828.
# Lhalu family

The Lhalu family is a Tibetan noble family who are known in Tibet for producing the 8th Dalai Lama.
# Plattsburgh (disambiguation)

Plattsburgh is a city in the U.S. state of New York.
Plattsburgh may also refer to:
* Plattsburgh (town), New York, adjacent to the city
* Plattsburgh, Ohio, an unincorporated community in the U.S.
* "Plattsburgh camps" (1915–1916), privately organized camps for military training
* Battle of Plattsburgh (1814), a battle during the War of 1812
* State University of New York at Plattsburgh, a public university
# Gintaras Jasinskas

Gintaras Jasinskas (28 January 1968 – September 2024) was a Lithuanian biathlete. He competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 1994 Winter Olympics. Jasinskas died in September 2024, at the age of 56.