OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Postage stamps and postal history of the North German Confederation

One of the functions of the North German Confederation was to handle the mail and issue postage stamps, which it began doing, by means of the North German Postal Union (Norddeutscher Postbezirk), on 1 January 1868.
To accommodate the different monetary systems in use by the various states, it issued a series valued in groschen for the Northern District, and another using kreuzer for the Southern District, distinguishing them by framing the value number in a circle for the groschen stamps, and in an oval for the kreuzers. All of these stamps were inscribed "NORDDEUTSCHER POSTBEZIRK".
In addition, there was a special quarter-schilling stamp for Hamburg, with the additional inscription "STADTPOSTBRIEF HAMBURG".
Early in 1869 the stamps were issued with perforations, the previous issues having been rouletted. On 1 March, 10 gr and 30 gr values were issued, notable for being printed on goldbeater's skin, a scheme to prevent reuse of these high-value stamps.
Confederation stamps were superseded on 1 January 1872 by the first issues of the German Empire.
* 1868, Southern District, 1 kreuzer, rouletted
* Northern District, 1 Groschen, perforated issue 1869
* Southern District, 7 Kreuzer perforated issue 1869

## Coverage

The coverage of the North German Postal Union was described as follows:
    The federal territories comprise Anhalt, Bremen, Brunswick, Hamburg, Lippe, Lübeck, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Prussia together with Lauenburg, Reuss senior line, Reuss junior line, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, Grand Duchy of Saxony, Kingdom of Saxony, Schaumburg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Upper Hesse (part of Hesse north of the Main), and Waldeck.
Upper Hesse was administered as part of the postal union even though the Grand Duchy of Hesse was not a member of the North German Confederation.
# Fort du mont Alban

The Fort of Mont Alban is a military fortification in the city of Nice. Built between 1557 and 1560 after the 1543 Siege of Nice, on the eponymous hill between Nice and the harbor of Villefranche-sur-Mer, it is one of the rare examples of military architecture from the mid-16th century in France in a good state of preservation.

## Description

Located on a strategic point, at an altitude of 220 metres, it offers a magnificent panorama, to the west over the Baie des Anges to the Massif de l'Esterel, and to the east over the bay of Villefranche-sur-Mer to the Italian Riviera. It has a rectangular plan, 40 by 46 metres on each side, with ramparts pierced with embrasures, and extended by very prominent corner bastions in the shape of ace of spades, flanked by stone sentry boxes.

## Classification

The fort of Mont Alban is classified as a historic monument, by decrees of 20 February 1909 for the fort enclosure, 20 August 1913 for the enclosure walls and 23 February 1923 for the perimeter of 250 metres.

## Gallery

* East side of the fort during sunrise.
* North-west side of the fort during sunset.
* The two stone sentry boxes on the South side.
* View to the east from the Fort du Mont Alban. The bay of Villefranche and Cap Ferrat, and in the distance Monaco.
* View looking west from the Fort du Mont Alban in Nice. The Baie des Anges and the city of Nice at dawn.
* The fort located on an 18th-century map.
# Belmont Reservoir

Belmont Reservoir is a reservoir north of the small moorland village of Belmont, Lancashire, England, fed by the Belmont Brook. It was built in 1826 by the Bolton Waterworks to supply water to the rapidly expanding town of Bolton. Belmont was once a thriving industrial centre for stone quarrying and printing. The reservoir is the home of the Bolton Sailing Club. The reservoir is important to wintering wildfowl.
# Rheumapterini

Rheumapterini is a tribe of geometer moths under subfamily Larentiinae.

## Genera

* Coryphista Hulst, 1896
* Euriphosa
* Hospitalia Agenjo, 1950
* Pareulype Herbulot, 1951
* Rheumaptera Hübner, 1822
* Triphosa Stephens, 1829
* Xenospora
# West Slope Ware

The modern term West Slope pottery describes a type of Greek fine pottery from the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods.
West Slope pottery was especially widespread in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The name was coined in 1901 by Carl Watzinger, based on finds from the western slope of the Acropolis at Athens. West Slope pottery is a subtype of Black-glazed Ware. It was additionally decorated with white, yellow and pink clay slip, incisions, vertical ribbing and imprinted roulette decoration. The type developed during the 4th century BC out of a pottery style with applied yellowish-orange plastic ornaments that imitated gilding.
West Slope pottery is especially well known from Athens, but several other production centres have been identified. Especially Pergamon is noteworthy in this regard. Since Athens had lost its dominant role in the Mediterranean pottery markets by this time, it should not be assumed that the form is a particularly Attic one, but rather that Athens adopted and went along with a generally prevailing trend in pottery production. The most common vessels shapes included pyxis, krater, hydria, amphora, pelike, jug, krateriskos, kantharos, chalice cup, kylix and lebes.
Similar styles developed in the West Mediterranean. For example, the polychrome Gnathia style is closely related. West Slope pottery underwent several stages of development until it went out of production in the second half of the 2nd century BC.
# Makalu (disambiguation)

Makalu may refer to:
* Makalu, Himalayan mountain on the China–Nepal border, fifth-highest in the world
* Makalu, Sankhuwasabha, a rural municipality in Sankhuwasabha District, Nepal
* Makalu, Nepal
* UP Makalu, a German paraglider design, named for the mountain
# Rilly-la-Montagne station

Rilly-la-Montagne station (French: Gare de Rilly-la-Montagne) is a railway station in the commune of Rilly-la-Montagne, Marne department, northern France. It is situated at kilometric point (KP) 160.734 on the Épernay-Reims railway and served by TER Grand Est trains operated by the SNCF.
In 2018, the SNCF estimated that the station served 64,498 passengers.
# Peter Russell (rugby union)

Peter Russell (born 22 February 1962) is a former Ireland rugby union international from Northern Ireland.
Russell, born in Belfast, was a fly-half for Instonians and Ulster.
Capped four times for Ireland, Russell's debut against England at Twickenham in the 1990 Five Nations was in a bad defeat and he didn't get another opportunity until his recall for the 1992 tour of New Zealand. In the first Test at Carisbrook, he kicked three conversions and a penalty, as Ireland came close to upsetting the All Blacks.
Russell is now an IT executive.
# Kommer hem till dig

Kommer hem till dig is a 1973 Thorleifs studio album and the band's debut album. In 1996, the album was rereleased to CD and cassette tape on the Golden Line label.

## Track listing

* "Kommer hem till dig"
* "Jolly Bob"
* "Vilken härlig dag" ("Save Your Heart for Me")
* "Loop de la" ("Dirlada")
* "Är du ensam nu" ("Shine Girl")
* "Wonderland by Night" ("Wunderland bei Nacht")
* "Blå löften" ("Blue Winter")
* "Maggan" ("When Jo Jo Runs")
* "En kväll hos dig" ("One Night")
* "Vem hittar på (allt det där vi lyssnar på)"
* "En värld utan kärlek" ("A World Without Love")
* "Ditt liv" ("Noah")
# Paramacronychiinae

Paramacronychiinae is a subfamily of flesh flies (insects in the family Sarcophagidae).

## Genera

These 23 genera belong to the subfamily Paramacronychiinae:
* Agria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
* Angiometopa Brauer & von Bergenstamm, 1889
* Asiosarcophila Rohdendorf & Verves, 1978
* Blaesoxiphella Villeneuve, 1912
* Brachicoma Rondani, 1856
* Cattasoma Reinhard, 1947
* Chauliooestrus Villeneuve, 1925
* Dexagria Rohdendorf, 1978
* Erythrandra Brauer & von Bergenstamm, 1891
* Galopagomyia Bischof, 1904
* Goniophyto Townsend, 1927
* Kurahashiodes Verves, 2001
* Mimagria Verves, 2001
* Nyctia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
* Oophagomyia Rohdendorf, 1928
* Paramacronychia Brauer & von Bergenstamm, 1889
* Primorya Pape, 1998
* Sarcophila Rondani, 1856
* Sarcotachina Portschinsky, 1881
* Toxonagria Shewell, 1987
* Turanomyia Rohdendorf & Verves, 1979
* Wohlfahrtia Brauer & von Bergenstamm, 1889
* Wohlfahrtiodes Villeneuve, 1910
# Notiothemis robertsi

Notiothemis robertsi is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in Cameroon, Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
# Cadence Spalding

Cadence Spalding is an American educator, vocalist, instrumentalist and composer. She is well known as a new age musician and also as a children entertainer under the name of Miss Jenny. Her solo album Save The World peaked #4 on the Top 100 New Age/Ambient/World Radio/Internet Airwaves Chart and was the best new age album in 2009.

## Personal life

Cadence Spalding was born Jennifer Lynn Spalding in San Francisco to a father that read law at the University of California, Berkeley and a mother that had been a model. Although with this family background, she got many influences in music from her father, who was a choir director in his spare time, but notably from her grandmother, Jean Spalding (née Hargrove), a music teacher in northern California for over 30 years.

## Career

Spalding started her career singing as part of a college band called Jane His Wife from 1985 to 1987. They played for private parties and weddings. She later got a Bachelor's degree in Art from the University of California, Davis and a Graduate Degree in Education from Saint Mary's College of California. Apart from these studies, she has also got a California teaching credential in Music and Art Education. Then Spalding moved to San Francisco where she worked as an agent to preschool teacher, an aerobics instructor and a waitress for a TV producer. Afterwards she got a commercial music degree in Vocal Performance from the Musicians Institute, Hollywood. As her father, Spalding has been a choir director at educational organizations in Los Angeles and San Francisco. She was the owner of The Dance Garden, an arts school for children in San Francisco. Her occupations have also included several charitable initiatives, including writing and performing music for Share Inc.

### Miss Jenny

With an educational background, Cadence Spalding has been a performer at many events for youngsters under the name of Miss Jenny, a character she has been developing since she was 20 years old. Miss Jenny main performances consist of music and art activities for parties and community festivals, hosted by a special Miss Jenny's character. Miss Jenny uses special costumes to portray different creatures and individuals. Miss Jenny project can nowadays be watched on the local TV show The N.A.P.A. Show on Napa Valley TV, a community TV station based in Napa, California.

### Discography

She recorded Promises To Keep, her first solo album, as Jennifer Spalding. As Cadence Spalding she released Save The World, which peaked #4 on New Age Reporter's 2009 Top 100 Chart and is considered her first major work.
| Album | Year | Label | Notes |
| Promises To Keep | 2006 | Panartist | Released as Jennifer Spalding. |
| A Star Is Born | 2007 | Gemini Sun Records | In collaboration with Mars Lasar. |
| Save The World | 2009 | CreateSpace | Includes a bonus DVD. |
| Holiday High | 2009 | Sound Manipulations | In collaboration with Mars Lasar. |
# Lithium acetate

Lithium acetate (CH$_3$COOLi) is a salt of lithium and acetic acid. It is often abbreviated as LiOAc.

## Uses

Lithium acetate is used in the laboratory as buffer for gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA. It has a lower electrical conductivity and can be run at higher speeds than can gels made from TAE buffer (5-30V/cm as compared to 5-10V/cm). At a given voltage, the heat generation and thus the gel temperature is much lower than with TAE buffers, therefore the voltage can be increased to speed up electrophoresis so that a gel run takes only a fraction of the usual time. Downstream applications, such as isolation of DNA from a gel slice or Southern blot analysis, work as expected when using lithium acetate gels.
Lithium boric acid or sodium boric acid are usually preferable to lithium acetate or TAE when analyzing smaller fragments of DNA (less than 500 bp) due to the higher resolution of borate-based buffers in this size range as compared to acetate buffers.
Lithium acetate is also used to permeabilize the cell wall of yeast for use in DNA transformation. It is believed that the beneficial effect of LiOAc is caused by its chaotropic effect; denaturing DNA, RNA and proteins.
# Richmond High School (New South Wales)

Richmond High School, (abbreviated as RHS) is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located on Lennox Street, Richmond, in the Hawkesbury River region of New South Wales, Australia.
Established in 1955, the school caters for approximately 750 students from Year 7 to Year 12. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education.

## History

The school was established in January 1955. The motto is a translation of a phrase taken from the Book of Proverbs, chapter 23, verse 7.

## Alumni

* Allan G. Bromley – historian of computing
* Dave Dennis – rugby union player; NSW Waratahs captain; Australian Wallabies
* Ashton Irwin – drummer of pop-rock band 5 Seconds of Summer
* Stephen O'Keefe – cricket player; NSW and Sydney 6ers all-rounder
* Kevin Rozzoli – politician; Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly 1988–1995
# Quartet (Coventry) 1985

Quartet (Coventry) 1985 is a live album by composer and saxophonist Anthony Braxton recorded in England in 1985, first released in heavily edited and unauthorized form on the West Wind label and later reissued in full and authorized form on the Leo label as a double CD in 1993.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The Allmusic review by Stewart Mason stated "What makes this two-disc set stand out above the others in the series of live reissues from this tour is that each disc includes a half-hour interview between Braxton and Graham Lock (who also wrote the album's liner notes), an enlightening, free-ranging discussion that covers Braxton's influences, concepts, and techniques".

## Track listing

All compositions by Anthony Braxton.
Disc one
* First set - 42:05
** "Composition 124 (+30+96)"
** "Composition 88 (+108C+30+96)"
** "Piano Solo from Composition 30"
** "Composition 23G (+30+96)"
** "Composition 40N"
* Interview by Graham Lock - 31:52
Disc two
* Second set - 40:35
** "Composition 69C (+32+96)"
** "Percussion Solo from Composition 96"
** "Composition 69F"
** "Composition 69B"
** "Bass Solo from Composition 96"
** "Composition 6A"
* Interview by Graham Lock - 29:45

## Personnel

* Anthony Braxton- clarinet, flute, alto saxophone, C melody saxophone, sopranino saxophone
* Marilyn Crispell - piano
* Mark Dresser - bass
* Gerry Hemingway - drums
# Pothyne suturella

Pothyne suturella is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1942.
# Lal Khadag Bahadur Malla

Khadag Bahadur Malla (1853–1910) Pen name, Lal was a Bhojpuri writer, poet, author and journalist and the king of Majhauli Raj of Deoria (Uttar Pradesh) in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He has written Maharasa play which is the dramatic version of Bhagavata Purana. His another notable work is Sudhabund, which is the collection of 60 Kajari songs and was published in 1884.

## Life

He was born in the ancient Vishwasen Dynasty in Majhauli Raj of Deoria in 1853. He was the king of Majhauli Raj and he wrote many Bhojpuri poems in his life time. He died in 1910.

## Works

* Bharat Aarat
* Sudhabund
* Maharasa
* Bharat Lalna
* Kalpvrikshya
* Lal Bhaye Diwana Bakat Aan ke Aan
# Kommer du, Elsa?

Kommer du, Elsa? (Are You Coming, Elsa?) is a Norwegian drama film from 1944 directed by Toralf Sandø. The script was written by Sandø and Victor Borg, and it is based on Borg's play Kommer du, Elsa? The cast includes Aase Bye, Erling Drangsholt, and Harald Schwenzen.

## Plot

Leif Rieber is a famous conductor. He has a promising young son who plays the violin, and his father features him as a soloist in one of his major concerts. The son has tuberculosis and dies during the concert. The father blames himself for the son's death and takes to drinking. Later he is affected by marital problems and illness.

## Cast

* Aase Bye as Elsa Rieber, Leif Rieber's wife
* Erling Drangsholt as Leif Rieber, a musician
* Harald Schwenzen as Øistein Werner, Rieber's friend
* Bjarne Larsen as Harald Rieber, Elsa and Leif Rieber's son
* Liv Blom as Kari, Harald's friend
* Oscar Egede-Nissen as a vagabond
* Tore Foss as Smith, a doctor and patient
* Gunvor Hall as Mrs. Kramer, a patient at the sanatorium
* Erling Hanson as Bjerke, a doctor at the sanatorium
* Alfred Helgeby as Jørgensen, a caretaker at the sanatorium
* Birger Lødner as Borgen, a doctor
* Gunnar Olram as the professor, a patient at the sanatorium
* Erna Schøyen as Kristine, a maid at the Rieber home
* Liv Uchermann Selmer as Miss Enger
* Einar Vaage as the senior physician
* Aage Wallin as the concertmaster and violinist at Aulaen Hall
# Poacher (film)

Poacher is a 2018 Kenyan / British short film directed by Tom Whitworth. The film received wide international attention after its release in Netflix in September 2020. It also became the first ever Kenyan film to be released via Netflix.

## Plot

Shot in a dramatic film format, Poacher tells the story of a desperate farmer who runs into trouble after stealing a stash of blood ivory from a gang of international terrorists. The film seeks to highlight the significant international issue of illegal ivory trade by addressing the plight of Africa's endangered elephant population.

## Cast

* Brian Ogola as Mutua
* Davina Leonard as Nicola Betts
* Lenny Juma as Juma
* Shiviske Shivisi as Ngina
* Olwenya Maina as Hassan

## Production

Poacher was filmed over six days in the Tsavo West National Park to the South East of Kenya's capital, Nairobi. The production involved over 30 cast and crew members. Director Tom Whitworth teased the first official still of the film on 10 April 2018, announcing that cinematography was by Nathan Prior and Ishmael Azeli. It was revealed that the short film was originally envisioned as a TV drama.

## Release

Poacher (2018) was released in August 2018, having been screened at the Short To The Point (STTP) Festival, and been selected for a Best Editing Award. The film premiered in Kenya at the ANGA IMAX Theatre on 10 November 2018 at the Kalasha International Film Awards in Nairobi. Poacher has also screened at the 2018 Moscow Shorts International Short Film Festival in September 2018 in Moscow. The film was streamed via Netflix on 30 September 2020.

## Accolades

* Nominated for Best Short Film, Best Director, Best Director of Photography, Best Supporting Actor in a Film and Best Actor in a Film for the 8th Kalasha TV & Film Awards.
* Award for Best Short Film at the 8th Kalasha TV & Film Awards in Nairobi, Kenya on 24 November 2018.
# Gascones

Gascones (Spanish: ) is a municipality of the autonomous community of Madrid in central Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Sierra Norte.
# Cadence Records

Cadence Records was an American record company based in New York City whose labels had a picture of a metronome. It was founded by Archie Bleyer, who had been the musical director and orchestra leader for Arthur Godfrey in 1952. Cadence also launched a short-lived jazz subsidiary, Candid Records.
The first recording star for Cadence was a Godfrey alumnus, Julius La Rosa. Other Godfrey alumni signed to the label included the Chordettes. Bleyer had written a few hit songs in 1932–34 (Fletcher Henderson's "Business in F" is a good example) and had a band that recorded for ARC in 1934 and 1935 (his records were issued on Vocalion, Melotone, Perfect and Romeo).
In October 1954, Godfrey fired singer Julius La Rosa, causing a storm of controversy.
Almost immediately after firing La Rosa, Bleyer was fired from the Godfrey show, for signing Don McNeill, Chicago-based talk host, to a record deal and producing spoken-word records for Cadence featuring. Godfrey considered McNeill a rival. Don McNeill's Breakfast Club aired on ABC Radio opposite Godfrey's morning show, although McNeill's success was nowhere on a par with that of Godfrey.
The label also issued the early recordings of Andy Williams and the Everly Brothers, as well as Johnny Tillotson and Lenny Welch. Virtuoso jazz/classical pianist Don Shirley was signed to Cadence in the 1950s and 1960s. One of Cadence's most popular songs in the 1950s was "Eloise", written and sung by Kay Thompson.
Cadence charted nearly 100 American singles between 1953 and 1964. The label also released the 1962 bestselling parody album The First Family, starring comedic actor and impressionist Vaughn Meader. Acclaimed at that time as the fastest-selling album in history, this White House satire on the Kennedy family and Capitol Hill politics remained at #1 on the Billboard 200 for 12 weeks. Featuring Meader's impression of President John F. Kennedy, the sketch revue also included takes on First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, and Vice-President Lyndon Johnson. A sequel album, The First Family Volume Two, released in March 1963, reached #4. Both albums were immediately withdrawn following Kennedy's assassination in November, 1963.
The departures of the Everly Brothers in 1960 (to Warner Bros. Records) and of Andy Williams in 1961 (to Columbia Records), along with radical changes in public taste and the music business brought on by the British Invasion, led to the rapid decline of Cadence. By 1964, Bleyer opted to shut down the label. Bleyer had competing offers from Kapp Records, Liberty Records and Andy Williams, who initially wanted to purchase just the masters of his own Cadence recordings. Bleyer's sale specified a complete purchase of the entire Cadence catalog (including Candid Records), which Williams accepted. Williams reissued his old Cadence recordings on Columbia and formed Barnaby Records to manage the rest of the Cadence catalog.
# Linda stolata

Linda stolata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pesarini and Sabbadini in 1997. It is known from China.
# Ringed warbling finch

The ringed warbling finch (Microspingus torquatus) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.
# Richard Martin Werner

Richard Martin Werner (21 January 1903 – 2 October 1949) was a German sculptor and medalist. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Werner's last important work was the design of the reverse of the West-German 50 Pfennig coin. He never saw this popular coin in circulation, because of his early death in October 1949, just before this coin was issued for the first time by Bank deutscher Länder.
# Pothyne trivittata

Pothyne trivittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1842.
# Optical reader

An optical reader is a device that observes visual information and translates it into digital information, as found within most image and barcode and matrix-code scanners.
An example of optical readers are marksense systems for elections where voters mark their choice by filling a rectangle, circle, or oval, or by completing an arrow. After the voting a tabulating device reads the votes using "dark mark logic", whereby the computer selects the darkest mark within a given set as the intended choice or vote.