OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karuppiah Kumaravelu

Karuppiah Kumaravelu (born 3 September 1921) was a Ceylonese politician.
Kumaravelu was elected at the 1st parliamentary election, held between 23 August 1947 and 20 September 1947, representing the Ceylon India Congress in the Kotagala electorate, securing 53.5% of the total vote, 3,543 votes ahead of his nearest rival.
Kumaravelu, the nephew of Savumiamoorthy Thondaman, a founding member of the Ceylon India Congress, was one of seven CIC members elected to parliament in 1947.
In 1948 the Parliament passed the Ceylon Citizenship Act and subsequently in 1949 passed the Ceylon (Parliamentary Elections) Amendment Act No.48, whereby Indian citizens were unable to contest for parliamentary seats or vote; as a result Kumaravelu was unable to contest his seat at the next parliamentary elections.
# Pot (poker)

The pot in poker refers to the sum of money that players wager during a single hand or game, according to the betting rules of the variant being played. It is likely that the word pot is related to or derived from the word jackpot.
At the conclusion of a hand, either by all but one player folding, or by showdown, the pot is won or shared by the player or players holding the winning cards. Sometimes a pot can be split between many players. This is particularly true in high-low games where not only the highest hand can win, but under appropriate conditions, the lowest hand will win a share of the pot.
See "all in" for more information about side pots.
# Richard Frank Jolly

Commander Richard Frank Jolly, EGM (28 August 1896 – 16 October 1939) was a Royal Navy officer and a recipient of the Empire Gallantry Medal.

## Naval career

Richard Jolly was born in Wandsworth, London, on 28 August 1896. He was educated at Bedford School, and joined the Royal Navy in September 1914. During the First World War, he served for two years as a midshipman on a battle cruiser before being promoted to lieutenant and transferred to a destroyer. In 1932, he was promoted to the rank of commander.
On 16 October 1939, soon after the outbreak of the Second World War, HMS Mohawk, commanded by Jolly, was patrolling the Firth of Forth, near Edinburgh, when she was attacked by an enemy aircraft, suffering many casualties as a result. Commander Jolly, who was on the bridge, was wounded in the stomach, but refused to leave his post or to receive medical attention, with the words, "Leave me, go and look after the others." He continued to direct the Mohawk for the 35 mile passage, which took eighty minutes, and, although he was too weak for his orders to be heard, they were repeated by his navigating officer, who was also wounded. Five hours after he brought the ship into port, he died, aged 43, and was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal posthumously. On 24 September 1940, this was exchanged by his family for the George Cross, upon the inauguration of the new medal.
# Derrick Helton

Derrick Helton (born 1985) is an American Paralympic wheelchair rugby player from Tuscumbia, Missouri. In 2011 and 2012 he was a U.S. National Champion and won a gold medal and in 2010 he was awarded bronze at the same place. He also was a 2009 and 2011 American Zonals gold medalist and also won gold at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and bronze at the 2012 ones. In 2010 he was also awarded with the gold medal for his participation at the World championship.
# D-amino-acid transaminase

In enzymology, a D-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
    D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate $\rightleftharpoons$ pyruvate + D-glutamate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and D-glutamate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include D-aspartate transaminase, D-alanine aminotransferase, D-aspartic aminotransferase, D-alanine-D-glutamate transaminase, D-alanine transaminase, and D-amino acid aminotransferase. This enzyme participates in 6 metabolic pathways: lysine degradation, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, D-alanine metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 8 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1A0G, 1DAA, 1G2W, 2DAA, 2DAB, 3DAA, 4DAA, and 5DAA.
# Lewisman (train)

The Lewisman was a named passenger train operating in the United Kingdom.

## History

The service was introduced on 17 July 1933 by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. Along with its companion, The Hebridean, it was a summer-only express between Inverness and the Kyle of Lochalsh connecting with steamers to the Isle of Skye and Stornoway. The Lewisman left the Kyle of Lochalsh at 5.00am, arriving in Inverness at 8.10am. A through coach for Glasgow was then attached to the 08.35am express for Glasgow, enabling a passenger to connect with the Mid-Day Scot to London. The Lewisman then departed Inverness at 10.15am with the addition of a restaurant car, and arrived in the Kyle of Lochalsh at 1.40pm.
After the Second World War, the Lewisman did not reappear.
# Cytochalasin E

Cytochalasin E, a member of the cytochalasin group, is an inhibitor of actin polymerization in blood platelets. It inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. Unlike cytochalasin A and cytochalasin B, it does not inhibit glucose transport. Cytochalasin E, however, was noted to decrease glucose absorption in mice around the intestinal tissues by increasing the Km needed for glucose to reach the Vmax, which meant that a higher concentration of glucose was required in its presence to attain Vmax. Since Vmax remained the same according to another study, it is evident that CE is indeed a competitive inhibitor at the intestinal receptor sites for glucose.
Because of its antiangiogenic effect, cytochalasin E is a potential drug for age-related macular degeneration, a kind of blindness caused by an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels in the eye.
Cytochalasin E was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cell proliferation. Cytochalasin E differs from other cytochalasin molecules by having an epoxide, which is required for specificity and potency. Cytochalasin E is a potent antiangiogenic agent that may be useful for treatments of cancer and other pathologic angiogenesis. Cytochalasin E was also found to inhibit autophagy, a process vital in recycling dysfunctional cells and cellular components. Cancer cells thus favor autophagy due to its role in countering metabolic stresses induced by anti-cancer drugs such as bortezomib in order to regenerate healthier cancer cells for continued proliferation and growth. In a study, it was confirmed that when CE was used, fusion of autophagosomes with lysozyme was inhibited and so cell death due to bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, was amplified as unnecessary proteins would continue to build up inside cancer cells unable to be further recycled through autophagy, leading to apoptosis.
# Frenchtown Township, Antelope County, Nebraska

Frenchtown Township is one of twenty-four townships in Antelope County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 159 at the 2010 census.
A large share of the early settlers being French people caused the name to be selected.
# Guillaume de Van

Guillaume de Van (2 July 1906 in Memphis – 2 July 1949 in Amalfi) real name William Carrolle Devan, was a French musicologist and choral conductor of American origin. A student at Princeton University, he then traveled to Rome to train in Gregorian chant. In the early 1930s, he became a choir conductor, conducting the Armenian choir in Paris. In 1935, in collaboration with the priest Ducaud-Bourget, he founded the vocal ensemble Les Paraphonistes de Saint-Jean des Matines. With this ensemble he interpreted and recorded for the first time several secular and religious vocal works of the Middle Ages. Among these works, he recorded the world premiere of Messe de Nostre Dame by Guillaume de Machaut in 1936 of which he made one of the first complete transcriptions published by the Corpus mensurabilis musicae in 1950. In 1942 he was appointed by the Vichy regime curator of the newly created département de la musique de la Bibliothèque nationale de France [fr], until 1944. In this capacity he collaborated with the Nazi musicologists of the Sonderstab Musik [de]. After the Liberation of France, he was suspended from his duties on 24 August 1944.
# 10th Cruiser Squadron

The 10th Cruiser Squadron, also known as Cruiser Force B was a formation of cruisers of the British Royal Navy from 1913 to 1917 and then again from 1940 to 1946.

## First formation

The squadron was established in July 1913 and allocated to the Third Fleet. In July 1914 it was reassigned to the new Grand Fleet, the squadron was also made Cruiser Force B in August 1914 but was more famously known as the Northern Patrol. It remained with the Grand Fleet until December 1917.
Rear-Admiral Commanding, 10th Cruiser Squadron/Cruiser Force B :
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes |
The squadron was disbanded from January 1918 to 1937

## Second formation

On 22 March 1937 the Admiralty announced the temporary formation of the squadron for the coronation fleet review by King George VI on 20 April 1937. The squadron was commanded by Rear-Admiral Arthur Dowding.

## Third formation

The squadron reformed in September 1940 and attached to the Home Fleet for the duration of the Second World War until September 1945. On 27 December 1942, it was engaged at the Battle of the Barents Sea as Force R. On 22 December 1943 the squadron was involved in the Battle of the North Cape where it was called Force 2. In October 1946 the squadron was renamed the 2nd Cruiser Squadron and assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet.
Flag Officer Commanding, 10th Cruiser Squadron :
| Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes |
# Yi Shu

Names :
| | Given name | Pen name |
| Trad. | 倪亦舒 | 亦舒 |
| Simp. | 倪亦舒 | 亦舒 |
| Pinyin | Ni Yishu | Yi Shu |
| Shanghainese Romanisation | Nee Yeh-Su | Yeh-Su |
| Cantonese Romanisation | Ngi Yik Sue | Yik Sue |
Yi Shu or Isabel Nee Yeh-su (born 25 September 1946) is a popular Hong Kong writer. She is the younger sister of Ni Kuang. She has used other pen names, including Rose (玫瑰), Mui Fon (梅峰), Lok Hon (駱絳), and Luk Kwok (陸國).

## Childhood

Yi Shu, whose home town is Ningbo, Zhejiang, was born in Shanghai in 1946. She has five elder siblings and one younger brother. Her pet name was A-mei and her siblings would call her "Xiao Mei Tao". She arrived in Hong Kong with her younger brother when she was five. After graduation from Kiangsu and Chekiang Kindergarten and Nursery, Yi Shu studied at Sir Ellis Kadoorie Primary School and Ho Tung Technical School For Girls (later known as Hotung Secondary School). She was a studious pupil who received two distinctions and two credits in the HKCEE examination. In 1964, Yi Shu completed her studies in her secondary school; her schoolmistress gave her a comment: "She was touchy, emotional, and easy to get into a lather…" Consequently, her mother renamed her Ni Rong (倪容) (容 literally means "to tolerate"), in the hope of Yi Shu could become more calm and generous.

## Writing career

She had been a journalist of the Ming Pao at the age of 17 after graduation from her secondary school. When she was 27, she went to Manchester to study Hotel Management. She had been the wait staff department supervisor of a hotel in Taiwan (1977), PR manager of the now demolished Furama Hotel in Central, Hong Kong (1978), a top official of the Government Information Services in Hong Kong, as well as a screenwriter. Now, Yi Shu has migrated to Canada, continuing with her writing career. Her novels are mainly romance novels set in modern-day Hong Kong. She is also an essayist as well.
Organised by the Hong Kong Arts Development Council (HKADC), the 15th Hong Kong Arts Development Awards was held on 30 Oct 2021. Yi Shu was one of the recipients of the Award for Outstanding Contribution in Arts, for her keen observation and insights are expressed in her works such as novels, short proses and profiles.
# Desplan

Desplan is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claude Desplan, French biologist
* Félix Desplan (born 1943), French politician
# Yonggu, Guangdong

Yonggu (Chinese: 永固; pinyin: Yǒnggù; Jyutping: wing$^5$ gu$^3$) is a town of Huaiji County in western Guangdong province, China. The Yonggu dialect of the Biao language is spoken there.
# Derrick Low

Derrick Low (born March 21, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Washington State Cougars.

## Professional career

After college, Low was not selected at the 2008 NBA draft.
In July 2008, he signed with the Sydney Spirit of Australia's National Basketball League. On January 5, 2009, he left Sydney and signed with the French club SPO Rouen Basket for the rest of the season.
On September 4, 2009, he signed a one-year contract with the Lithuanian club Šiauliai.
On July 20, 2010, he signed a one-year contract with the Israeli club Maccabi Haifa.
On September 24, 2011, he signed a one-year contract with the Ukrainian club BC Dnipro. On May 16, 2015, he re-signed with Dnipro for one more season.
On June 16, 2013, he signed a one-year deal with the Ukrainian club Azovmash. On December 26, 2013, he parted ways with Azovmash. On January 3, 2014, he signed with Selçuk Üniversitesi BK of Turkey for the rest of the season.
On July 12, 2015, Low signed with the Romanian club Timișoara. However, he left Timișoara before appearing in a game for them. On December 9, 2015, he signed with the Lithuanian club Pieno žvaigždės for the rest of the season. On August 16, 2016, he re-signed with Pieno žvaigždės for one more season.
In April 2017, Low failed doping test, taken by Lithuanian Anti-Doping Agency. Low admitted taking the substances and disqualification of 20 months was assigned by FIBA.
# Acacia lanceolata

Acacia lanceolata is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae and is endemic to a small area of western Australia.

## Description

The open pungent shrub typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.2 metres (1.0 to 3.9 ft). It usually has many branches with spinose, hairy branchlets that are covered with a fine white powdery coating at the extremities and have stipules on new shoots. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The evergreen, pungent phyllodes have an inequilateral to lanceolate shape but are also occasionally narrowly elliptic. The glabrous to sparsely haired phyllodes are 7 to 15 mm (0.28 to 0.59 in) in length and 1.5 to 4 mm (0.059 to 0.157 in) wide and have a central midrib central and two or three parallel minor nerves. When it blooms it produces simple inflorescences with single headed racemes with an axis that is less than 0.5 mm (0.020 in) in length. the spherical to shortly obloid flower-heads contain 20 to 23 golden coloured flowers. Following flowering it will produce seed pods that resemble a string of beads. The glabrous and firmly chartaceous pods are often quite tightly coiled with a length up to 17 mm (0.67 in) and a width of around 10 mm (0.39 in). The seeds inside are arranged longitudinally inside and have an oblong-elliptic shape with a length of around 4 mm (0.16 in).

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Bruce Maslin in 1999 as a part of the work Acacia miscellany. The taxonomy of fifty-five species of Acacia, primarily Western Australian, in section Phyllodineae (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) as published in the journal Nuytsia. It was reclassified as Racosperma lanceolatum in 2003 then transferred back to genus Acacia in 2006.

## Distribution

It is native to an area along the west coast of the Wheatbelt and Mid West regions of Western Australia where it is commonly situated on breakaways and lateritic hills in between the towns of Mingenew in the north west, Morawa in the north east and Three Springs in the south. It is usually a part of either open Eucalyptus woodland or tall Casuarina shrubland communities.
# Acacia kochii

Acacia kochii is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae.

## Description

The spreading, spiny and intricate shrub typically grows to a height of 0.5 to 2 metres (1.6 to 6.6 ft). It has glabrous branches with 0.5 to 2 cm (0.20 to 0.79 in) long thorns. It has clusters of phyllodes found in the nodes. The phyllodes have an asymmetrically narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate shape with a length of 1 to 2 cm (0.39 to 0.79 in) and a width of 2 to 7 mm (0.079 to 0.276 in). It produces yellow flowers in August. The simple inflorescences occur singly or in groups of two or three. The flower-heads are shortly cylindrical or have an ovoid shape with a length of 7 to 15 mm (0.28 to 0.59 in) and a diameter of 5 to 6 mm (0.20 to 0.24 in) with golden flowers. The seed pods that form after flowering resemble a sting of beads with a length of up to 9 cm (3.5 in) and a width of 5 mm (0.20 in). The dull black seeds in the pods have an elliptic shape.

## Distribution

It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia between Yalgoo in the north to Moora in the south growing in clay or loamy-sandy soils.
# Richard Hignett

Richard Graeme Hignett (born 29 April 1972) is a former English cricketer. Hignett was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Widnes, Lancashire.
Hignett made his debut for Cheshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Shropshire. Hignett played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1992 to 2003, including 83 Minor Counties Championship matches and 30 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1993, he made his List A debut against Nottinghamshire in the NatWest Trophy. He played 13 further List A matches for Cheshire, the last coming against Bedfordshire in the 1st round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2004. In his 14 List A matches for Cheshire, he scored 473 runs at a batting average of 36.38, with six half centuries and a high score of 84, which came against Lincolnshire in the 2nd round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002. With the ball he took 8 wickets at a bowling average of 21.25, with best figures of 3/21.
Hignett also represented the Minor Counties cricket team in List A matches in the Benson and Hedges Cup, starting in 1995 against Durham. He played four further fixtures for the team, with his last appearance for them coming in the 1998 competition against Warwickshire. In total, he played 19 List A matches. In these he scored 525 runs at an average of 30.88, with a high score of 84. With the ball he took 13 wickets at an average of 19.84, with best figures of 3/21, which came against Huntingdonshire in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002.
He has played Second XI cricket for the Essex Second XI and the Nottinghamshire Second XI.
# Yoshida, Niigata

Yoshida (吉田町, Yoshida-machi) was a town located in Nishikanbara District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Yoshida is now a part of the expanded city of Tsubame.
As of April 1, 2005, the town had an estimated population of 24,937. The total area was 32.00 km$^2$.
On March 20, 2006, Yoshida, along with the town of Bunsui (also from Nishikanbara District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsubame.

## Transportation
### Railway

* JR East - Echigo Line
** Aōzu - Minami-Yoshida - Yoshida - Kita-Yoshida
* JR East - Yahiko Line
** Yoshida

### Highway

* National Route 116
* National Route 289
# Accretion/dilution analysis

Accretion/dilution analysis is a type of M&A financial modelling performed in the pre-deal phase to evaluate the effect of the transaction on shareholder value and to check whether EPS for buying shareholders will increase or decrease post-deal. Generally, shareholders do not prefer dilutive transactions; however, if the deal may generate enough value to become accretive in a reasonable time, a proposed combination is justified.
Aside is a simplified example. A real-life accretion/dilution analysis may be much more complex if the deal is structured as cash-and-stock-for-stock, if preferred shares and dilutive instruments are involved, if debt and transaction fees are substantial, and so on. Generally, if the buying company has a higher P/E multiple than that of the target, the deal is likely to be accretive. The reverse is true for a dilutive transaction.
# Academic equivalency evaluation

An academic equivalency evaluation is an analytical report which determines the equivalency in the United States educational system of a potential US immigrant's foreign academic and professional credentials. This evaluation determines the level of education and number of years completed, as well as the field of specialization. Academic evaluations consider the educational system of the foreign country, the quality of the university attended by the candidate, the credit hours and number of years of coursework, the nature of the courses, and the grades attained in the courses.

## Uses

An academic equivalency evaluation is primarily required for H-1B visa applicants who have not earned an academic degree at a university or college in the United States, but have acquired a degree from another country. H-1B visas require a bachelor's degree or its equivalent as a minimum. Academic equivalency evaluations provide the equivalent basis the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services accepts in order to apply for an H-1B visa. Academic equivalency evaluations can also be used towards other visas such as TN status, E-3, L-1B, Green Card, and I-140.

## Documents Required

Companies that provide academic equivalency evaluations typically require copies of any diplomas, transcripts, and post-graduate degrees, that a candidate may have. Academic degrees that can be evaluated may include, but not limited to; bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, or Ph.D., etc.