OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Project Highwater

Project Highwater was an experiment carried out as part of two of the test flights of NASA's Saturn I launch vehicle (using battleship upper stages), successfully launched into a sub-orbital trajectory from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Highwater experiment sought to determine the effect of a large volume of water suddenly released into the ionosphere. The project answered questions about the effect of the diffusion of propellants in the event that a rocket was destroyed at high altitude.
The first flight, SA-2, took place on April 25, 1962. After the flight test of the rocket was complete and first stage shutdown occurred, explosive charges on the dummy upper stages destroyed the rocket and released 23,000 US gallons (87,000 L) of ballast water weighing 95 short tons (86,000 kg) into the upper atmosphere at an altitude of 65 miles (105 km), eventually reaching an apex of 90 miles (145 km).
The second flight, SA-3, launched on November 16, 1962, and involved the same payload. The ballast water was explosively released at the flight's peak altitude of 104 miles (167 km). For both of these experiments, the resulting ice clouds expanded to several miles in diameter and lightning-like radio disturbances were recorded.
# Beat-Sofi Granqvist

Beat-Sofi Granqvist (1869 – 1960) was a Finnish actress and florist.
Beat-Sofi Granqvist's parents were Karl Emil Granqvist (1830–1889), a mathematics and natural history teacher at Pori upper elementary school, and his first wife, Maria Sofia Nyström. Beat-Sofi Granqvist was a student of Kaarlo Bergbom. She acted in the Swedish Theatre in Helsinki. She also went on tour in Sweden.
In the 1910s, Granqvist studied the manufacture of artificial flowers in Germany. After returning to Finland, she founded Finland's first artificial flower factory, next to her apartment at Pieni Roobertinkatu 4-6.
# North London Credit Union

North London Credit Union Limited was a not-for-profit member-owned financial co-operative, based in Enfield Town and operating in the north London boroughs of Enfield, Barnet, Haringey, Waltham Forest and southern Hertfordshire. The credit union had around 1,500 members and managed assets in excess of £3 million. In 2023, it merged with London Capital Credit Union, bringing with it two members of staff.

## History

Notable for being one of the first credit unions to lend money to businesses, North London Enterprise Club Credit Union was formed for members of the North London Enterprise Club in 1994. It became North London Chamber and Enterprise Credit Union in association with North London Chamber of Commerce in 1997 and North London Enterprise Credit Union in 2006, before adopting its final name in 2009.
In 2016, the credit union was awarded a grant of £50,000 by the Lloyds Banking Group Credit Union Development Fund to support its capital asset ratio, loan growth and future sustainability.

## Activities

A member of the Association of British Credit Unions Limited, registered under the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts, North London Credit Union was authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and PRA. Ultimately, like the banks and building societies, members' savings were protected against business failure by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.
In 2022, the directors approached the larger, stronger London Capital Credit Union with a view to merger. The transfer of engagements was completed in 2023, ending 29 years of independent trading.
# Placenta (journal)

Placenta is a peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. It provides information on scientific and clinical investigations pertaining to placental research and their applications. The journal includes full length and mini reviews, original articles, book reviews, announcements and reports, abstracts of important meetings, and letters to the editor.
It is the official journal of the International Federation of Placenta Associations, which incorporates:
* Australia and New Zealand Placenta Research Association
* European Placenta Group
* Japanese Placenta Association
* the Placenta Association of the Americas
# Lievens (surname)

Lievens is a Dutch patronymic surname ("Lieven's") most common in Belgium. People with this surname or patronym include:
* Constant Lievens (1856–1893), Flemish Jesuit missionary in central India
* Dirk Lievens [de] (1612–aft.1650), Dutch painter, brother of Jan Lievens
* Jan Lievens (1607–1674), Dutch painter, son of Lieven Hendricx
* Marc Lievens (born 1948), Belgian racing cyclist
* Roeland Lievens (born 1983), Dutch rower
# Canton of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges-2

The canton of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges-2 is an administrative division of the Vosges department, in northeastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges.
It consists of the following communes:
* Ban-de-Laveline
* Bertrimoutier
* Le Beulay
* Coinches
* Combrimont
* La Croix-aux-Mines
* Entre-deux-Eaux
* Frapelle
* Gemaingoutte
* La Grande-Fosse
* Lesseux
* Lubine
* Lusse
* Mandray
* Nayemont-les-Fosses
* Neuvillers-sur-Fave
* Pair-et-Grandrupt
* La Petite-Fosse
* Provenchères-et-Colroy
* Raves
* Remomeix
* Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (partly)
* Sainte-Marguerite
* Saint-Léonard
* Saulcy-sur-Meurthe
* Wisembach
# Knox Glass Bottle Company

The Knox Glass Bottle Company was a former American glass manufacturing company based in Knox, Clarion County, Pennsylvania.
The great majority of the company's production was in the form of glass bottles many of which were beer bottles, milk bottles, and many glass medicine bottles in a variety of standard sizes. Bottle collectors identify the company's products through the mould numbers and distinctive letter-in-a-keystone mark on the base of the bottles.

## History

The founder of the Knox Glass Bottle Company was Roy Underwood (1887−1951). During its operations, from 1917 to 1968, the company acquired 16 other glassmaking companies−plants in the United States.
A lawsuit between the company and a former executive (Knox Glass Bottle Company v. Underwood, 89 So.2d 799 (Miss. 1956)) "was the first Mississippi Supreme Court case to define in detail the fiduciary duties of a corporate director and officer," according to a law firm that represented one of the parties.
The company was acquired by the Glass Container Corporation in 1968, which filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition in Delaware in 1999.
# Maggy Stein

Maggy Stein (13 April 1931 – 11 February 1999) was a Luxembourgish sculptor.

## Biography

Maggy Stein was born in the Luxembourg City in 1931 to the former college director Jean-Pierre Stein. Stein attended Lucien Wercollier's sculpture course at the Lycée des arts et métiers from 1947 to 1949. She then moved to the Belgian Congo with her first husband in 1950 where they lived for three years. The couple had three daughters born from 1951 to 1959. Stein returned to Wercollier's course in 1957 and began to exhibit her work in 1962.
From 1962, Maggy Stein organized exhibitions of her sculptures and participated in exhibitions with other artists nationally and internationally. Stein worked in marble, bronze, stone, and occasionally wood. Her monumental sculpture commissioned by the Luxembourg state is the 2.50 meter tall travertine sculpture known as La Grande Isis which was put in place in 1980 to the south of the Notre Dame Cathedral. Two other sculptures of hers are on loan to the Court of Justice of the European Union.
Stein married sculptor Jean-Pierre Georg (1926–2004) in 1980 and they set up their workshops in the farm they restored in Fennange. Stein died in Esch-sur-Alzette. She is remembered in the art gallery in Bettembourg Castle which is named in her honour.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 Nathalie Becker. "Maggy Stein et Jean-Pierre Georg Une sculpture entre le mythe et l'organique" (PDF). bettembourg.lu.
* ↑ Breaud, Marie-Claude; Damiani, Didier (2008). Virdrun: pour une histoire de l'art contemporain au Luxembourg (in French). Mudam. ISBN 978-2-919923-16-8.
* ↑ Calmes, Albert (1994). Histoire contemporaine du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (in French). Imprimerie Saint-Paul. ISBN 978-2-87963-209-4.
* ↑ "mediArt » Exposition Maggy Stein , Jean-Pierre Georg et Piroska Szönye". mediart.lu.
* ↑ "CURIA - Art at the Court - Court of Justice of the European Union". curia.europa.eu.
* ↑ "Galerie d'Art Maggy Stein". Beetebuerg (in French).
* ↑ Bernier, Georges; Bernier, Rosamond (1985). L'Oeil (in French). L'Œil.
# Beaver Dam (Maryland)

Beaver Dam is a flooded marble quarry in Cockeysville, Maryland that has been used as a swimming location since the 1930s. Currently, a 30-acre swim club is located there with two swimming pools, a volleyball court, picnic tables and grills, a creek, and snack house. The 40 foot deep freshwater quarry has floating platforms, two rolling logs, diving and jumping platforms, and a rope swing.
The quarry began operation in the 19th century and much of the labor was that of Irish immigrants using hand drills, hammers and chisels. In 1878, Hugh Sisson acquired the property and began using the latest equipment available: steam powered derricks, shovels, and diamond bit drills. Stone was loaded onto wagons and pulled by oxen to the nearby Northern Central Railway in Cockeysville until the quarry site itself was connected to the rail in 1866. The dolomitic marble, known to geologists as the Cockeysville Marble, from the quarry was used widely within the eastern United States, including the Washington Monument in Baltimore and the one in Washington, D.C.
# McMurtrey Aquatic Center

The McMurtrey Aquatic Center is a swimming, diving, and recreational facility in the city of Bakersfield, California. It is located near the Mechanics Bank Arena in downtown Bakersfield. The Aquatic Center opened in June 2004. Combined with the Valley Children's Ice Center of Bakersfield, it has a large recreation pool and a heated competition pool, with lifeguards on duty during business hours. The facility hosts activities such as aquatic fitness, diving, lap swim, recreation swim, scuba, water polo, and much more. The facility hosts various local high school swim meets and is used by Bakersfield, California community members for recreational swimming.
The 8,551-square-foot (794.4 m$^2$) recreation pool features zero depth entry, child play features, double water slides, a plunge pool, diving boards, a water volleyball area and specially designed interactive wet play equipment. The recreation area includes picnic areas for public use and party rentals.
The Aquatic Center's heated Olympic-sized pool features nine 25-yard lanes, nine 50-meter lanes, and a pair of one- and three-meter diving boards. The pool's shallow end is 3 feet, 6 inches deep, and the pool's deep end is 14 feet, 2 inches deep.

## The McMurtrey's

The McMurtrey Aquatic Center was named after the McMurtrey family, long-time residents of Bakersfield, who donated the sum of $250,000 on March 13, 2003. Don McMurtrey, the family spokesperson, stated that "..they want the complex to be a state-of-the-art facility for the community." The family also has a special interest in providing funds for the equipment that will be needed for school swim competitions and other related activities.

## News

On Sunday, October 24, 2004, The McMurtrey Aquatic Center made news when four local Olympians, who had trained at the aquatics center, were honored there with a celebration for achieving the "pinnacle of success" in their respective competitions during the 2004 Summer Olympics. The ceremony was hosted by Council member Sue Benham and KGET-Channel 17's Robin Mangarin, and Jim Scott. Gabe Woodward, a Stockdale High School graduate, won a bronze medal in the Men's’ 4 x 100 meter relay; Rebecca Giddens, a part-time Kernville resident, won a silver medal in the Women's’ K1 kayak slalom; Larsen Jensen, Garces Memorial High School alumnus, won a silver medal in the 1,500 meter freestyle competitive swim; and Joey Hansen, a Bakersfield High School graduate, won a gold medal in the Men's’ Eight Rowing event.
On April 5, 2006, Stuart and Misty Rex were presented with the official certificate from the Guinness Book of World Records at the Aquatics Center for setting the world record for largest underwater wedding, with 208 attendees.
# Beechwoods, Pennsylvania

Beechwoods is an unincorporated community in Washington Township, Jefferson County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

## History

The Beechwoods Baptist Church was built in the community in 1837.
# Purnendu Sekhar Mukherjee

Purnendu Sekhar Mukherjee (died 7 August 2021) or Jhantu Mukherjee commonly known by his alias Sahab Da was an Indian Maoist politician and Central Committee member of Communist Party of India (Maoist).

## Life and political career

Mukherjee hailed from North 24 Parganas district in Indian state of West Bengal. He joined the Naxalite movement in late 1960s and became the leader of the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCC). Along with Akhil Ghosh he formed a new outfit, Revolutionary Communist Centre (Maoist) in 1998. Later it merged with the MCC. After the merging of MCC and Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War in 2007 he became the Secretary of the Eastern Regional Bureau of CPI (Maoist). He had been appointed in-charge of the Urban Sub Committee (USCOM), spearheading party activities in Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai. Mukherjee was also known as Joy Da in the party. There are 10 cases against Mukherjee in Chhattisgarh and he was wanted by the police of several Maoist hit states, including Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand. Before the arrest he also looked after the Party's military wing, People Liberation Guerrilla Army. On 29 April 2011, Special Task Force of Bihar Police arrested Mukherjee along with two other senior Maoist leaders Vijay Kumar Arya and Varanasi Subramanyam from Sheetgaon village under Barsoi police station of Katihar district. Mukherjee was sent to Special Central Jail in Bhagalpur. After the release on bail in 2015 he was engaged in civil liberty movement.
Mukherjee died on 7 August 2021 in Kolkata.
# Leonard Shuter

Leonard Shuter may refer to:
* Leonard Shuter (cricketer, born 1852) (1852–1928), English cricketer
* Leonard Shuter (cricketer, born 1887) (1887–1960), his son, English cricketer
# Pachydactylus atorquatus

Pachydactylus atorquatus, also known commonly as the Augrabies gecko and Good's gecko, is a species of thick-toed gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is native to southern Africa.

## Taxonomy

P. atorquatus belongs to the P. weberi species group.

## Geographic range

P. atorquatus is found in Namibia and South Africa.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of P. atorquatus is rocky areas in shrubland, at altitudes of 500–800 m (1,600–2,600 ft).

## Description

Large for its genus, P. atorquatus may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 5.0 cm (2.0 in). It is the only species in the weberi group which does not have a pale collar as a hatchling or juvenile, a key character to which the specific name atorquatus refers.

## Reproduction

P. atorquatus is oviparous.

## Etymology

The synonym P. goodi was named in honor of herpetologist David Andrew Good.
# Patrick Pengel

Patrick Pengel is a Surinamese politician was Minister of Public Health from 2015 until 4 April 2018.
# Canton of Saint-Denis-2

Canton of Saint-Denis-2 may refer to 2 administrative divisions in France:
* Canton of Saint-Denis-2, Seine-Saint-Denis, in Seine-Saint-Denis department, Île-de-France
* Canton of Saint-Denis-2, Réunion, in Réunion
# White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc.

White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., 971 F.2d 1395 (9th Cir. 1992); 989 F.2d 1512 (9th Cir. 1993), is a 1992 and 1993 case of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upholding a cause of action on the part of TV show personality Vanna White against Samsung for depicting a robot on a Wheel of Fortune–style set in a humorous advertisement.

## Facts

Wheel of Fortune hostess Vanna White had established herself as a TV personality, and consequently appeared as a spokesperson for advertisers. Samsung produced a television commercial advertising its VCRs, showing a robot wearing a dress and with other similarities to White standing beside a Wheel of Fortune game board. Samsung, in their own internal documents, called this the "Vanna White ad". White sued Samsung for violations of California Civil Code section 3344, California common law right of publicity, and the federal Lanham Act. The United States District Court for the Southern District of California granted summary judgment against White on all counts, and White appealed.

## Result

The Ninth Circuit reversed the District Court, finding that White had a cause of action based on the value of her image, and that Samsung had appropriated this image. Samsung's assertion that this was a parody was found to be unavailing, as the intent of the ad was not to make fun of White's characteristics, but to sell VCRs.
White, whose annual income is estimated to be over $4 million, sought $6.9 million in damages. Following the appeals, White returned to the District Court, and was ultimately awarded $403,000 for the use of her image.

## Dissent

Judge Alex Kozinski dissented from an order rejecting the suggestion for rehearing en banc an appeal filed by Vanna White, stating "All creators draw in part on the work of those who came before, referring to it, building on it, poking fun at it; we call this creativity, not piracy."
An extended extract from the opinion is widely quoted:
   Overprotecting intellectual property is as harmful as underprotecting it. Creativity is impossible without a rich public domain. Nothing today, likely nothing since we tamed fire, is genuinely new: Culture, like science and technology, grows by accretion, each new creator building on the works of those who came before. Overprotection stifles the very creative forces it's supposed to nurture.
Kozinski's dissent in White is also famous for his sarcastic remark that "for better or worse, we are the Court of Appeals for the Hollywood Circuit".
# Proptisht

Proptisht is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Pogradec. The population at the 2011 census was 4,785. The municipal unit consists of the villages Proptisht, Rodokal Sipër, Rodokal Poshtë, Homezh, Slabinjë, Somotinë, Kriçkovë, Selcë e Poshtme, Homçan, Vërri, Golik, Slatinë, Baribardhë, Selishtë and Zalltore.
# CTBP1

C-terminal-binding protein 1 also known as CtBP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTBP1 gene. CtBP1 is one of two CtBP proteins, the other protein being CtBP2.

## Function

The CtBP1 protein was originally identified as a human protein that bound a PLDLS motif in the C-terminus of adenovirus E1A proteins. It and the related protein CTBP2 were later shown to function as transcriptional corepressors. That is, regulatory proteins that bind to sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins and help turn genes off. CtBPs do this by recruiting histone modifying enzymes that add repressive histone marks and remove activating marks. CtBP proteins can also self-associate and presumably bring together gene regulatory complexes.
CtBP1 is broadly expressed from embryo to adult, while CtBP2 has a somewhat more restricted pattern of expression. CtBPs have multiple biological roles and appear to be most important in regulating the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as well as influencing metabolism. They do the latter by binding NADH in preference to NAD+, thereby sensing the NADH/NAD+ ratio. When bound, it undergoes a conformational change that allows it to dimerize and associate with its partner proteins and silence specific genes.
During skeletal and T cell development, CtBP1 and CtBP2 associate with the PLDLSL domain of δEF1, a cellular zinc finger-homeodomain protein, and thereby enhances δEF1-induced transcriptional silencing. CtBP also binds the Kruppel-like factors family of zinc finger proteins KLF3, KLF8 and KLF12. In addition, CtBP complexes with CtIP, a 125 kDa protein that recognizes distinctly different protein motifs from CtBP. CtIP binds to the BRCT repeats within the breast cancer gene BRCA1 and enables CtBP to influence BRCA1 activity. Both proteins can also interact with a polycomb group protein complex which participates in regulation of gene expression during development. Alternative splicing of transcripts from this gene results in multiple transcript variants.
C-terminal-binding protein interacting protein (CtIP) is a binding partner with CtBP, which contribute to transcription repression and cell cycle regulation, and which have a role in the cellular response to DNA damage.

## Interactions

CTBP1 has been shown to interact with:
* ACTL6B,
* ARF,
* EVI1
* FOXP2,
* HDAC1,
* IKZF1,
* IKZF4,
* KLF3,
* KLF8,
* Mdm2,
* MLL,
* NRIP1,
* Pinin,
* RBBP8, and
* TGIF1.
* GATA1.
# SMS Rail Lines

SMS Rail Lines (reporting mark SLRS) is a shortline railroad based at Pureland Industrial Park in Bridgeport, New Jersey. The company handles all freight car delivery to businesses located within the industrial park. It also operates lines in Morrisville, Pennsylvania, and Guilderland, New York. Guilderland-based operations operate as SMS Rail Lines of New York, LLC (reporting mark SNY). SMS maintains many locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works. SMS provides chemical off-loading equipment and transload facilities to enable businesses to receive rail freight traffic. The company also operates the Woodstown Central Railroad, a tourist railroad based out of Woodstown, New Jersey.

## Operations

In the Delaware Valley, SMS Rail Lines operates both industrial park switching operations and a county controlled rail line.
* Morrisville – Serves the Penn Warner Industrial Park in Morrisville, Pennsylvania, with access to the Conrail Shared Assets Operations Morrisville Yard
* Pureland – Serves the Pureland Industrial Complex in Logan Township, New Jersey, interchanging with Conrail Shared Assets Operations Penns Grove Secondary
* Westville – Serves the Sunoco Logistics Eagle Point terminal in Westville, New Jersey, interchanging with Conrail Shared Assets Operations.
* Salem - Serves the Salem County Short Line between Salem, New Jersey, Woodstown, New Jersey, and Swedesboro, New Jersey interchanging with Southern Railroad of New Jersey. Woodstown Central excursion trains operate out of Woodstown.
In Guilderland, New York, SMS Rail Lines of New York, LLC serves the Northeastern Industrial Park, interchanging with CSX Transportation at Guilderland Center, NY and Norfolk Southern at Delanson, NY.

## History

SMS Rail Lines began operating in the Philadelphia area in June 1994. In November 2006, the railroad began operations in Albany, New York. The company plans to begin passenger excursions out of Pilesgrove Township, New Jersey by the end of 2022. Passenger excursions along the Salem Branch are operated as the Woodstown Central Railroad out of a passenger station in South Woodstown.

## Motive power

SMS runs a variety of locomotives, most being built by the Baldwin Locomotive works. SMS also owns units built by GM's Electro-Motive Diesel and GE Transportation.
* ALCO
** 0-6-0 steam (1), in service as of November 16 2023.
* Baldwin:
** VO-660 diesel (2)
** VO-1000 diesel (1)
** DS-4-4-660 diesel (1)
** DS-4-4-750 diesel (1)
** DS-4-4-1000 diesel (2)
** S-12 diesel (14)
** AS-616 diesel (3)
* EMD:
** EMD SW14 diesel (1)
** SW1200RS diesel (1)
** EMD FP7 diesel (1)
** GP38-3 diesel (1)
* GE:
** B23-7 diesel (4)