OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Forskning och framsteg

Forskning och framsteg (Swedish: Research and Progress; abbreviated as FoF) is a popular science magazine based in Stockholm, Sweden. It has been published since 1966.

## History and profile

The magazine was launched in Stockholm in 1966. The publisher was Sällskapet för forskninginformation. It was published on a bimonthly basis from its start in 1966 to 1968. FoF was then published ten times per year. The frequency was switched to eight times annually. The magazine is financed by the Swedish Research Council and other Swedish research foundations such as Natur & Kultur.
The contributors of FoF are mostly scholars or scientific journalists, and the magazine features interviews with researchers in addition to regular articles and other material. It frequently publishes articles on natural sciences, medical sciences and other science related topics.
# RAF 4

The RAF 4 is a British air-cooled, V12 engine developed for aircraft use during World War I. Based on the eight–cylinder RAF 1 it was designed by the Royal Aircraft Factory but produced by the two British companies of Daimler and Siddeley-Deasy. The RAF 5 was a pusher version of the same engine.

## Turbocharger

A turbocharged experimental version of the RAF 4, the RAF 4d, was developed using a Rateau exhaust-driven turbocharger. The engine was test-flown in a R.E.8, but the turbocharging experiments were abandoned after the turbine failed on 4 May 1918.

## Variants
### RAF 4

    1914 - Prototype engine, 140 horsepower (104 kW).

### RAF 4a

    1917 - Main production variant, 150 horsepower (112 kW). 3,608 built.

### RAF 4d

    1916 - 180 horsepower (134 kW), experimental supercharger installation. 16 built.

### RAF 4e

    1917 - 240 horsepower (180 kW), strengthened cylinders and enlarged valves.

### RAF 5

    1915 - 150 horsepower (112 kW), pusher version with fan-cooling.

### RAF 5b

    170 horsepower (127 kW), increased bore version of RAF 5.

## Applications
### RAF 4

* Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8
* Bristol F.2 Fighter
* Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.12
* Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.7
* Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8
* Siddeley-Deasy R.T.1
* Vickers F.B.14

### RAF 5

* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2
* Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.4

## Engines on display

A preserved RAF 4a engine is on public display at the Science Museum (London).

## Specifications (RAF 4a)

Data from Lumsden

### General characteristics

* Type: 12-cylinder, upright, 60-degree Vee engine
* Bore: 3.94 in (100 mm)
* Stroke: 5.51 in (140 mm)
* Displacement: 806.15 cu in (13.2 L)
* Dry weight: 680 lb (308 kg)

### Components

* Valvetrain: EOI (side-valve inlet, exhaust overhead)
* Fuel system: Twin Claudel-Hobson Mk.1A carburettors
* Cooling system: Air-cooled
* Reduction gear: 0.5:1, Left-hand tractor

### Performance

* Power output: 163 hp (122 kW) at 1,800 rpm (takeoff power)
* Specific power: 0.2 hp/cu in (9.2 kW/L)
* Compression ratio: 4.3:1
* Power-to-weight ratio: 0.24 hp/lb (0.4 kW/kg)
# La Peur

La Peur may refer to:
* La Peur (album), a 1982 album by Johnny Hallyday, or the title song
* "La Peur" (short story), an 1882 short story by Guy de Maupassant
* La Peur, a 1930 novel by Gabriel Chevallier
* La Peur (1936 film), a film based on Stefan Zweig's 1910 novel Die Angst
* La Peur (2005 film), a short film directed by Meta Akkus
* The Fear (2015 film), a French film
# Giant haplochromis

The giant haplochromis (Hemitilapia oxyrhyncha) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi and Lake Malombe, preferring areas with sandy substrates and Vallisneria patches. It is an algae eater, obtaining its food by scraping it from the leaves of aquatic plants. This species grows to a length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in) TL. This fish can also be found in the aquarium trade. This species is the only known member of its genus.
# Radio DC

Radio DC is a non-commercial community radio administered by the DC School of Management and Technology (DCSMAT). It is the first private FM (frequency modulated) community radio station in Kerala. It is located in KINFRA Film and Video Park, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It broadcasts at 90.4 MHz. All the operations in the radio station are managed by the students of DCSMAT with support from the faculty.
# Best of the Trilogy... All the Beauty I Have Lost Forever Will Be Gone

Best of the Trilogy ... All the Beauty I Have Lost Forever Will Be Gone is a compilation album by the Norwegian gothic metal band Mortal Love, released on the German record label Massacre Records on 15 July 2011.

## Background

To the date of release of this album, the ten-year contract signed for the band with Massacre Records was about to expire. Shortly after this, Mortal Love was officially dissolved after five years of inactivity.
The album consists of a selection of the best songs of the three studio albums released by the band between 2002 and 2006.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Mortal Love.
* Existence - 06:08
* Adoration - 06:01
* Senses - 03:49
* Reality - 08:38
* Everything - 03:43
* All the Beauty... - 06:13
* Crave Your Love - 03:11
* Beautiful One - 06:10
* I Want to Die - 09:51
* Mortally Beloved - 05:23
* I Make the Mistake - 04:23
* My Shadow Self - 03:50
* As We Can Not Be One (instrumental) - 01:33

## Personnel
### Mortal Love

* Cat (Catherine Nyland) – Female vocals
* Lev (Hans Olav Kjeljebakken) – Bass, vocals
* Rain6 (Lars Bæk) – Guitars & Programming, vocals
* Damous (Pål Wasa Johansen) – Drums
* Mulciber (Ole Kristian Odden) – Keyboards & Programming
* Gabriah (Ørjan Jacobsen) – Guitar

### Session musicians

* Zet (Henning Ramseth) – Additional Guitar and vocals in "Everything" and "I Make the Mistake"

## Additional notes

* Phonographic Copyright – Mystic Empire
* Manufactured By – Мистик Импайр
* Licensed From – Massacre Records
* Recorded At – Space Valley Studio
* Mixed At – The Red Room
* Mastered At – The Red Room
* Layout [Cover Layout], Design – Katja Piolka
* Mixed By, Mastered By – Andy Horn
* Photography By – www.everainmedia.com
* Producer – Lev, Rain6, Zet
# Phymatocarpus porphyrocephalus

Phymatocarpus porphyrocephalus is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It resembles many small species of Melaleuca, mainly differing in the way its anthers are attached at the top of the stamens. In Phymatocarpus they are attached at their base and open at the other end through two slits. It is a shrub with many small heads of pink to purple flowers fading to white, often covering the plant for several weeks in spring.

## Description

Phymatocarpus porphyrocephalus is an erect to spreading shrub which sometimes grows to a height and width of 2 metres (7 ft). The leaves are arranged alternately and are 4–6 millimetres (0.16–0.24 in) long. They are broad elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrow end towards the base, sometimes almost circular and have 1 to 3 veins.
The flowers are pink to purple, fading to white and are arranged in dense, roughly spherical heads on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. There are leaf-like bracts at the base of flowers and 5 sepals, 5 petals and 46 to 71 stamens. The stamens are joined in a continuous ring around the edge of each flower. Flowering usually occurs from August to December and is followed by fruits which are woody capsules. The capsules are arranged in spherical clusters which are rough or lumpy on the outer surface.

## Taxonomy and naming

Phymatocarpus porphyrocephalus was the first Phymatocarpus to be formally described. The description was published in 1862 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. The specific epithet (porphyrocephalus) is from the Ancient Greek words πορφύρα (porphúra) meaning "purple"$^{:643}$ and κεφαλή (kephalḗ) meaning “head”.$^{:399}$

## Distribution and habitat

Phymatocarpus porphyrocephalus occurs in and between the Murchison River and Eneabba districts in the Carnarvon, Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows in sand over sandstone or limestone on sandplains or in gorges near the coast.

## Conservation

Phymatocarpus porphyrocephalus is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# New Kadampa

The term New Kadampa (Tibetan: བཀའ་གདམས་གསར་པ, Wylie: bka' gdams gsar pa) is a synonym for the 14th century Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, as founded by Je Tsongkhapa (Wylie: rje tsong kha pa). Being a great admirer of Kadam teachings, Je Tsongkhapa was an enthusiastic promoter of the 11th century Kadampa school's emphasis on the graded path to enlightenment and Mahayana principles of universal compassion as its fundamental spiritual orientation. Though the synonym is less well known in English-speaking countries, in Tibet the Gelugpa was well known as the "New Kadampa," while the earlier school was referred to as the "Ancient Kadampa" (Tibetan: བཀའ་གདམས་རྙིང་མ, Wylie: bka' gdams rnying ma) or "Original Kadampa" (Tibetan: བཀའ་གདམས་གོང་མ, Wylie: bka' gdams gong ma). Je Tsongkhapa considered the New Kadampa tradition he founded to be the successor to Atiśa's Old Kadampa tradition. Geoffrey Samuels remarks that Tsongkhapa "was following in the footsteps of Atisha, and indeed the Gelugpa are sometimes known as the 'New Kadampa' and regarded themselves as above all a continuation of Atisha's work."
In the 1990s Geshe Kelsang Gyatso founded the "controversial" New Kadampa Tradition (NKT), which was officially rebuked by the Dalai Lama. Its name derives from, but should not be confused with this synonym of the Gelug.
# Yuichi Tohmori

Yuichi Tohmori from the NTT Electronics, Kanagawa, Japan was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for contributions to tunable semiconductor lasers for optical fiber communications.
# Kobiela (surname)

Kobiela, less commonly Kobiella, is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bogumił Kobiela (1931–1969), Polish actor
* Dorota Kobiela (born 1978), Polish filmmaker
# Plane Finder

Plane Finder is a United Kingdom-based real-time flight tracking service launched in 2009, that is able to show flight data globally. The data available includes flight numbers, how fast an aircraft is moving, its elevation and destination of travel. Several variants of the service are available as mobile apps including free, premium 3D and augmented reality versions. The flight tracking map and database can be accessed by web browsers.
Plane Finder allows registered users to share their ADS-B and MLAT data via the Plane Finder ADS-B Client, available for macOS, Windows and Linux. Plane Finder supports VFR charts from NATS, and was the first major flight tracking app to introduce a replay feature, allowing users to replay flights dating back to 2011.

## Flight tracking

Plane Finder collects data from its own global network of receivers, using the following sources.

### Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B)

A network of automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) receivers gathers aircraft data such as callsign, position and speed. Plane Finder serves to supplement this data with additional information, including aircraft registration/tail number, departure airport, destination, artwork, and photographs.
Plane Finder users can apply for an ADS-B receiver in exchange for their flight data.

### Multilateration (MLAT)

To deliver aircraft position data where ADS-B is unavailable, Plane Finder uses multilateration (MLAT). Using three or more receivers running Plane Finder client software, monitoring the aircraft simultaneously, the aircraft’s position is calculated using receiver location and accurate timestamps.
While European airspace is widely covered, only some parts of North American airspace are covered.

### Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) feed

ADS-B is prevalent across Europe and Australia, but not in North America. Where MLAT or ADS-B data is unavailable, a feed from the Federal Aviation Administration provides flight information. The FAA feed covers United States and Canadian airspace, including bordering areas of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

### FLARM feed

Plane Finder collects data from a centralised FLARM feed, for monitoring small aircraft and gliders.

## Flight data source

The Plane Finder website and database is widely used as an information source to support articles in the media. The Independent used Plane Finder flight tracking to demonstrate to readers the flight path of flight MT2706, which turned back as a result of last minute Egyptian government flight restrictions on 6 November 2015. The Independent also used Plane Finder information to demonstrate a timeline of the speed/altitude of flight 7K 9268, a Russian plane which crashed on 31 October 2015. The BBC cited Plane Finder in regard to the point at which at British Airways flight turned back to Heathrow Airport to make an emergency landing after smoke was seen coming from its engines.
Plane Finder data has also been used to create original imagery for the media, such as the Washington Post, which used Plane Finder as a source to show flight patterns immediately after the Brussels bombings in March 2016.
# Saltley Gate Peace Group

The Saltley Gate Peace Group (SGPG) is an inner city interfaith organisation based in Birmingham, England.

## Background

The SGPG was initially formed as a joint Christian/Muslim peace initiative in response to the threat of war in Iraq as a part of the growing peace movement in Britain following 9/11. It played an active role supporting the Stop the War Coalition in the city, encouraged local activism through a united faith-based front and continues to participate in the anti-war movement (along with its other work).

## Community

The SGPG has since become more community based, working with various authorities to ensure a better quality of public service for residents in the more deprived areas of Birmingham.
The organisation also takes a tough stance on vandalism, racism and crime and encourages inter-religious dialogue. It works closely with Birmingham Citizens and the Birmingham Quaker-Muslim Peace and Social Justice Group.

## Campaigns

Amongst its causes has been working with faith leaders to prevent the promotion of glorification of terrorism amongst younger Muslims in the inner city.
In 2005, the SGPG also called on the West Midlands Police to ban the flying of Pakistani flags in the city during the festival of Eid to prevent racial tensions. This followed a similar ban enforced in London.
In January 2007, the group publicly supported the city's Green Lane Mosque against accusations of extremism, made in the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque.

## Founders

The SGPG was founded by Methodist minister Simon Topping and community activist Adam Yosef in 2003. It is currently based at the Saltley Methodist Church in the West Midlands and supported by Reverend Chris Shannahan, founder of youth programme Yeast in the City.

## Sources

* Police hunt killer of Birmingham stab victim – Birmingham Mail, March 2009
* Man, 20, 'critical' after shooting in shop – Birmingham Post, February 2008
* Man gunned down in shop – Birmingham Mail, February 2008
* Anger over anti-British hate posters – Birmingham Mail, May 2007
* Birmingham's Muslims fear reprisals after anti-terror raids – The Independent, February 2007
* Birmingham rocked by terror raids – The Asian Today, February 2007
* Terror arrests anger community – BBC News, February 2007
* Communities must unite – Birmingham Post, February 2007
* Terror arrests: A call for calm – Birmingham Post, February 2007
* Community leaders fear raids could be 'damaging – Birmingham Mail, February 2007
* Channel 4 accused of creating mischief over portrayal of Black Muslim in Dispatches documentary Black Britain, January 2007
* Channel 4 Blasted for Demonising Muslims MD News, January 2007
* Mosque launches probe after TV claims Birmingham Mail, January 2007
* Faces behind the faith – BBC Birmingham, July 2005
* City outrage over pro-Osama poster Evening Mail, September 2004
* Muslim leaders outraged by bin Laden posters Birmingham Post, September 2004
* Mission alongside the poor The Methodist Church of Great Britain, 2003/2004
# Giant grey shrike

The giant grey shrike (Lanius giganteus) is a species of bird in the family Laniidae. It is found in China. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Chinese grey shrike (Lanius sphenocercus), but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.
# Rock UK

Rock UK (formerly Barnabas Adventure Centres) is a national UK Christian charity that provides outdoor residential stays and day visit for groups including primary and secondary schools, colleges, youth groups, uniformed groups, Christian retreats as well as families, individuals and corporate team building.

## Locations

Rock UK runs four Outdoor Activity Centres around the country, including:
* Carroty Wood - A 58-acre (230,000 m$^2$) site set in mature woodlands (Tonbridge, Kent)
* Frontier Centre - A 120-acre (0.49 km$^2$) site in the heart of England (Irthlingborough, Northants)
* Whithaugh Park - Set in 110 acres (0.45 km$^2$) among the hills of Scotland's Border Country (Newcastleton, Scottish Borders)
* Summit Centre - formerly known as the Welsh International Climbing Centre, set in the Welsh Valleys (Treharris, South Wales)

## History

Rock UK began its life in 1922 when a group of Sunday school teachers from London decided to take their groups on an adventure holiday. The groups purchased Belgrave House in Littlehampton so that they could return regularly and in 1924 also decided to rent a field at Climping, which was used as a canvas campsite. Camps continued to be run at both of these locations for 50 years under the name of the 'Belgrave Trust'.
In 1977, Belgrave House was sold in order to expand the work, with the proceeds being used to buy Carroty Wood in Tonbridge which was turned into an outdoor pursuits centre. In the following years, Halls Green (now closed), Whithaugh Park and the Frontier Centre were also purchased. The Belgrave Trust underwent a number of name changes before finally becoming known as Barnabas Adventure Centres. In 2009, the organisation was renamed "Rock UK". In October 2010 Rock UK opened Summit Centre is South Wales.
Summit Centre has had a £4m investment, completed in Spring 2018 to redevelop the activity centre. The centre was officially opened in February 2019 with a visit from HRH the Prince of Wales.

## Affiliations and links

Each of the activity centres are licensed by the Adventure Activities Licensing Authority (AALA) and hold the Learning Outside the Classroom (LOtC) Quality Badge
The organisation is a member of the Evangelical Alliance
Rock UK also has strong links with the Northamptonshire Association of Youth Groups (NAYC) having taken over the running of the Frontier Centre from NAYC in 2004. Rock UK is also a member of Christian Camping International (CCI).
# Bernard Occelli

Bernard Occelli (born 20 May 1961) is a former rally co-driver from France.
Born in Cannes, Occelli achieved national fame as the co-driver to Didier Auriol with whom he won the 1994 World Rally Championship. Occelli made his debut at the 1983 Monte Carlo Rally with Swiss driver Tycho van Dijk in a Porsche 911. He first paired up with Auriol the following year in a Renault 5 Turbo. They won the title in 1994 in a Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD.
Occelli continued to appear regularly in the championship until 1996.
# Philippine Falange

The Philippine Falange, the informal name for the Spanish National Assemblies of the Philippines (Juntas Nacionales Españolas), was a Philippine falangist political party that was a branch of the Spanish Falange. It was founded in 1936. The party was initially led from the late 1930s by Spanish citizen and businessman Andrés Soriano. A leadership struggle occurred between Martín Pou and Enrique Zóbel de Ayala.
The party was effectively dissolved when Soriano was quietly granted by the government Filipino citizenship. It was done to avoid a major political formation within the Philippines which was at least tacitly supportive of the Axis Powers, as Franco's Falange and subsequent Spanish Government was. Others followed suit, preventing the threat of their properties being seized by the Allied powers. Other members collaborated with the Japanese during the occupation, excluding Soriano who joined with Manuel Quezon and the government of the Philippine Commonwealth in exile, in the United States, as well as the Spanish Filipinos who formed Commonwealth military and guerrilla forces in Negros in the Philippines.
# William B. Small (trade unionist)

William Balsillie Small (14 February 1872 – 26 February 1944) was a Scottish trade unionist.
Small was the son of William Small, a draper in Blantyre who became a prominent trade union leader, and Jessie Bell Scott. He had a deceased brother of the same name who was born one year before him. William B. Small, as he was generally known, undertook a legal apprenticeship, but then in 1903 followed in his father's footsteps by becoming an agent of the Lanarkshire Miners' County Union (LMCU). His younger brother Robert Small was also appointed as an agent, while another brother, Gladstone Lothian Rosebery, became prominent at the League of Nations.
Small also became active in the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), and during the 1900s was secretary of its Lanarkshire District Council. He was then active in its successor, the British Socialist Party, and stood unsuccessfully for Hamilton School Board as a party member.
In 1918, the secretary of the LMCU, Duncan Macgregor Graham, was elected as a Member of Parliament, and Small became acting general secretary. The following year, he won election as the union's assistant general secretary, then in 1921 he was elected to the executive committee of the National Union of Scottish Mineworkers. In 1922 he was elected as general secretary of the Lanarkshire Miners on a permanent basis. Now seen as being on the right-wing of the movement, dissatisfaction with his leadership during the 1926 UK general strike meant that in 1927 he lost a bid for re-election to William Allan, a communist influenced by John Maclean. Small instead returned to the post of assistant general secretary, and was re-elected to the senior post in 1929, serving until about 1937.
In 1937, Small was fined £15 for drunk driving; he claimed that he had not been intoxicated, but admitted to driving without a licence.
# 1868 Leichhardt colonial by-election

The 1868 Leichhardt colonial by-election was a by-election held on 29 June 1868 in the electoral district of Leichhardt for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## History

On 11 May 1868, Edmund Royds, the member for Leichhardt, resigned. Edmund's brother, Charles Royds, won the resulting by-election on 29 June 1868.