OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White v Driver

White v Driver was a case decided in 1809 concerning a challenge to a will on the grounds of insanity. It laid down that if there was a previous history of insanity, the burden of proof lies in proving the sanity of the testator when making the will. The case was decided at Doctor's Commons under civil law, but continues to be quoted in the UK, Australia and in the US as recently as 2010.

## Facts of the case

Elizabeth Manning died at the house of Edward Driver in Chadwell St Mary on 26 January 1805, the day after making a will. She left her estate to her nephew, her niece, and to their mother Margaret, who was Driver's wife but had previously been married to Elizabeth's brother, William. Her will excluded her two sisters. She had been advised to make a will by Eliezer Williams who was the curate of Chadwell. She had suffered from periods of insanity during the previous decade. The will was challenged by Manning's sisters on the grounds of her insanity.
The case is usually cited as White v Driver. Hannah White (formerly Manning) was the sister of Elizabeth Manning. Edward and Margaret Driver were the executor and executrix named in the will.

## Evidence

The court heard evidence for the plaintiffs that Manning had been earlier confined to the workhouse because of her insanity and had been forced to wear a straitjacket. There had also been complaints that her behaviour created a fire hazard for her neighbours.
The evidence for the defendants was that she had appeared lucid to a bank clerk when withdrawing money a few days before her death. There was also evidence from the curate that she appeared to be lucid when making her will. Other witnesses attested to her lucidity around the time the will was made.

## Verdict

The judge (Sir John Nicholl) ruled that where there was a previous history of insanity, the burden of proof rested with defendants to prove that the testator was sane when making the will. In this case, the will itself was reasonable even though it excluded her sisters. There was evidence from a number of witnesses of her lucidity in the days up to her making the will. He therefore ruled that the will was valid.
# What Happened at Hazelwood

What Happened at Hazelwood is a 1946 detective novel by the British writer Michael Innes. It is a standalone novel from the author who was best known for his series featuring the Golden Age detective John Appleby. In this novel his role is fulfilled by Inspector Cadover who also appeared later in an Appleby novel A Private View. It takes the form of a country house mystery. Ralph Partridge writing in the New Statesman observed "Michael Innes may be a Professor of English in disguise but What Happened at Hazelwood would never win him a Chair of Detection. I suppose we should be grateful that it is not a surrealist thriller, and that Inspector Appleby is off duty."

## Synopsis

Sir George Simney, baronet and owner of Hazelwood Hall, is found dead in his library during the middle of a snowstorm. The house is crowded with his relatives who all detest him, but it is hard to see how any of them had the opportunity to do it. Much of the story is narrated by Simney's wife, a former actress who despised him but insists she didn't murder him.
# Knot tabulation

Ever since Sir William Thomson's vortex theory, mathematicians have tried to classify and tabulate all possible knots. As of May 2008, all prime knots up to 16 crossings have been tabulated. The major challenge of the process is that many apparently different knots may actually be different geometrical presentations of the same topological entity, and that proving or disproving knot equivalence is much more difficult than it at first seems.

## Beginnings

In the 19th century, Sir William Thomson made a hypothesis that the chemical elements were based upon knotted vortices in the aether. In an attempt to make a periodic table of the elements, P. G. Tait, C. N. Little and others started to attempt to count all possible knots. Because their work predated the invention of the digital computer, all work had to be done by hand.

## Perko pair

In 1974, Kenneth Perko discovered a duplication in the Tait-Little tables, called the Perko pair. Later knot tables took two approaches to resolving this: some just skipped one of the entries without renumbering, and others renumbered the later entries to remove the hole. The resulting ambiguity has continued to the present day, and has been further compounded by mistaken attempts to correct errors caused by this that were themselves incorrect. For example, Wolfram Web's Perko Pair page erroneously compares two different knots (due to the renumbering by mathematicians such as Burde and Bar-Natan).

## New methods

Jim Hoste, Jeff Weeks, and Morwen Thistlethwaite used computer searches to count all knots with 16 or fewer crossings. This research was performed separately using two different algorithms on different computers, lending support to the correctness of its results. Both counts found 1701936 prime knots (including the unknot) with up to 16 crossings. Most recently, in 2020, Benjamin Burton classified all prime knots up to 19 crossings (of which there are almost 300 million).
Starting with three crossings (the minimum for any nontrivial knot), the number of prime knots for each number of crossings is
    1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 21, 49, 165, 552, 2176, 9988, 46972, 253293, 1388705, ... (sequence A002863 in the OEIS)
Modern automated methods can now enumerate billions of knots in a matter of days.
# White Sea assemblage

The White Sea assemblage was the second of the three Late Ediacaran biotic assemblages, following the Avalon assemblage and preceding the Nama assemblage. It spanned from c. 560 Ma to c. 550 Ma. Showing an increase in genus diversity from the Avalon assemblage, it concluded with a faunal turnover often characterized as the first pulse of the end-Ediacaran extinction, with only 20% of White Sea taxa found in the later Nama assemblage despite similar taphonomic processes.
# Kleine Ammer

Kleine Ammer is a short river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Ammer near Oberammergau.
# Whiting Willauer

Whiting Willauer (1906–1962) was an American ambassador to Costa Rica and Honduras. He is also considered as a key player during the 1954 operation against Arbenz in Guatemala.

## Biography

Whiting Willauer was born on November 30, 1906, in New York City, New York. Willauer received his graduation from Princeton University and from the Harvard University Law School.
From 1931 to 1939, he practiced admiralty law in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as an attorney in the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice.
From 1941 to 1944, he served as executive secretary of China Defense Supplies, Incorporated, and also served as director of the Far East and Special Territories Branch of the Foreign Economic Administration during 1944 to 1945.
Along with General Claire L. Chennault, Willauer founded the Civil Air Transport (CAT) company in China in 1946. He was its executive vice president and later he became its president, he remained associated with the Civil Air Transport Company from 1946 until his resignation in 1954. In 1950, Whiting Willauer sold CAT to the Central Intelligence Agency.
He served as ambassador to Honduras from 1954 to 1958 and to Costa Rica from 1958 until his retirement in 1961. One of his key tasks while serving as the U.S. Ambassador to Honduras, after his appointment on 5 February 1954, was to provide the CIA team within neighboring Guatemala with any assistance that they required in the overthrow of that Government of Guatemala led by Jacobo Arbenz Guzman; he was even instructed to report to the CIA via the Under Secretary of State, Walter Bedell Smith, who had previously been the Director of Central Intelligence.
After a short retirement, Whiting Willauer died on 6 August 1962 at Nantucket, Massachusetts.
# Nematus ribesii

Nematus ribesii is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. English names include common gooseberry sawfly and imported currantworm. This insect is best known as a pest of gooseberries. The larvae feed on the foliage of the plant, often defoliating it completely.
Like all sawflies, this species is a hymenopteran, not a true fly. This insect can produce three generations per year, with larvae emerging between April and September. It differs in this respect from Nematus leucotrochus, the pale-spotted gooseberry sawfly, which has a single generation. The female sawfly lays eggs on the undersides of the leaves and the larvae work their way upwards, stripping the plant of foliage. The larva of this species of sawfly is up to 2 centimeters long and green in color with a black head and black spots along the body. The adult is yellowish with black markings, the females slightly larger than the males.
# Rufous shrikethrush

The rufous shrikethrush (Colluricincla rufogaster) is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae.

## Taxonomy and systematics

This species was formerly considered a conspecific member of the little shrikethrush complex. Genetic investigations of New Guinea populations of the little shrikethrush indicate high levels of genetic divergence, suggesting it comprised more than one species.

### Subspecies

Currently, three subspecies are recognized:
* Colluricincla rufogaster rufogaster - Gould, 1845: Describing the type of the species. Found in the south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales (eastern Australia)
* C. rufogaster goodsoni - (Hartert, E, 1930): Found on south Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula to Torres Strait islands, coastal Trans-Fly region of New Guinea
* C. rufogaster griseata - (Gray, GR, 1858): Originally described as a separate species. Found in north-eastern Queensland (Australia)

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in New Guinea and Australia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## Behaviour and ecology

During a study of toxicity in birds, two specimens of this species were tested. One of these specimens contained traces of batrachotoxins (BTXs) similar to those found in the secretions of Central and South American poison dart frogs.
# Rufous soft-furred spiny rat

The rufous soft-furred spiny-rat (Diplomys labilis), known as ratón espinoso meaning "spiny" or "thorny" rat in Spanish, is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. In November 2015, it was spotted for the first time in Osa, Costa Rica by the Costa Rican researcher Jim Córdoba-Alfaro.
It is nocturnal and lives in trees, feeding on fruit and young shoots. The females give birth to one or two young, which stay with the mother for about a year before becoming mature.
# Kochergasse

The Kochergasse is one of the streets in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. It is part of the Innere Neustadt which was built during the expansion of 1255 to 1260. It runs in front of the Bundeshaus East and it is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.
# Wiesława

Wiesława is a Polish feminine given name, the feminine form of Wiesław, which means "great glory". Notable people with the given name include:
* Wiesława Kiełsznia (born 1961), Polish rower
* Wiesława Kwaśniewska (born 1933), Polish actress
* Wiesława Lech (born 1946), Polish gymnast
* Wiesława Martyka (born 1949), Polish luger
* Wiesława Mazurkiewicz (1926–2021), Polish actress
* Wiesława Nizioł (fl. 1984–present), Polish mathematician and researcher
* Wiesława Noskiewicz (1911–1991), Polish gymnast
* Wiesława Ryłko (born 1957), Polish field hockey player
* Wiesława Żelaskowska (born 1964), Polish gymnast
# Neosabellaria

Neosabellaria is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Sabellariidae.
The species of this genus are found in America, Australia, Eastern Asia.
Species:
* Neosabellaria antipoda (Augener, 1926)
* Neosabellaria cementarium (Moore, 1906)
* Neosabellaria clandestinus (Menon & Sareen, 1966)
* Neosabellaria kaiparaensis (Augener, 1926)
* Neosabellaria rupicaproides (Augener, 1926)
* Neosabellaria uschakovi Kirtley, 1994
# Neosaproecius

Neosaproecius is a genus of Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.
# Neukirchen-Vluyn

Neukirchen-Vluyn (German pronunciation:) is a town in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 5 km west of Moers, and 15 km north of Krefeld.

## Mayors

Mayors since 1836:
* 1836–1875 Gustav Haarbeck
* 1875–1923 Hermann Haarbeck
* 1923–1928 Dr. Baehr
* 1928–1945 Erich Neumann (NSDAP)
* 1945–1946 Wilhelm Schneider (appointed by military government)
* 1946–1950 Tillmann Bongardt (CDU)
* 1950–1952 Oskar Kühnel (SPD)
* 1952–1956 Johann Kaiser (SPD)
* 1956–1963 Oskar Kühnel (SPD)
* 1963–1975 Gerhard Haastert (CDU)
* 1975–1989 Oskar Böhm (SPD)
* 1989–1994 Kornelia Kuhn (CDU)
* 1994–1999 Peter Wermke (SPD) (last voluntary Mayor)
* 1999–2009 Bernd Böing (parteilos) (first full-time Mayor)
* 2009–2020 Harald Lenßen (CDU)
* since 2020 Ralf Köpke (SPD)

## Population development

Number of inhabitants as of December, 31
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 1998 | 28,300 |
| 1999 | 28,408 |
| 2000 | 28,525 |
| 2001 | 28,566 |
| 2002 | 28,829 |
| Year | Inhabitants |
| 2003 | 28,809 |
| 2004 | 28,835 |
| 2005 | 28,650 |
| 2006 | 28,491 |
| 2009 | 27,627 |
| 2010 | 27,579 |

## Economy

The Trox Group has its headquarters in Neukirchen-Vluyn. There are other large businesses in town: Arinox, MEDA, Pionier Absaugtechnik, Schwing Technologies, LED Linear, Ornua.

## Sights

Mills, typically to those found in the Netherlands, from the 18th and 19th century, colonies of coal minings as well as the water castle Bloemersheim are witnesses of Neukirchen-Vluyn's history. Historical city tours and the local museum display the influence of agriculture and mining on the development of the town. The museum is located in the cultural hall "Kulturhalle", where one can enjoy exhibitions of art and live music on a regular basis. The classical concerts in the courtyard of the castle are further a constant in Neukirchen-Vluyn's entertainment schedule. For recreation, the town offers various trails for horseback riding and hiking as well as a golf court.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Neukirchen-Vluyn is twinned with:
* Buckingham, England, United Kingdom
* Mouvaux, France
* Ustroń, Poland

## Notable people

* Karl-Heinz Florenz (born 1947), politician (CDU), since 1989 member of the European Parliament
* Christopher Lutz (born 1971), chess grandmaster
* Kostas Mitroglou (born 1988), Greek footballer; grew up here
# Wiedemannia digna

Wiedemannia digna is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
# Knot thickness

In knot theory, each link and knot can have an assigned knot thickness. Each realization of a link or knot has a thickness assigned to it. The thickness τ of a link allows us to introduce a scale with respect to which we can then define the ropelength of a link.

## Definition

There exist several possible definitions of thickness that coincide for smooth enough curves.

### Global radius of curvature

The thickness is defined using the simpler concept of the local thickness τ(x). The local thickness at a point x on the link is defined as
    $\tau (x)=\inf r(x,y,z),\,$
where x, y, and z are points on the link, all distinct, and r(x, y, z) is the radius of the circle that passes through all three points (x, y, z). From this definition we can deduce that the local thickness is at most equal to the local radius of curvature.
The thickness of a link is defined as
    $\tau (L)=\inf \tau (x).$

### Injectivity radius

This definition ensures that a normal tube to the link with radius equal to τ(L) will not self intersect, and so we arrive at a "real world" knot made out of a thick string.
# Revens

Revens is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
# Mutafariq Chahan

Mutafariq Chahan is a town and union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
# Várhidi

Várhidi is a Hungarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Pál Várhidi (1931–2015), Hungarian footballer and manager
* Péter Várhidi (born 1958), Hungarian footballer and manager, son of Pál
# Military march

Military march may refer to:
* March (music), a musical genre
* Military step, a regular, ordered and synchronized walking of military formations
* "Military march" (anthem), the national anthem of the Belarusian Democratic Republic that existed from 1918−1919
* Military march (Bruckner), composed by Anton Bruckner in 1865
# Waupacksee

The Waupacksee is a lake on the southeastern edge of the town of Waren (Müritz) in the district of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The lake is 62.5 m above sea level (NHN), it has an area of 6.8 hectares and measures 300 metres by 270 metres. Its only headstream is a ditch from the meadows to the north, a ditch also carries its waters away to the Feisneck which in turn empties into the Müritz. The lake is mostly surrounded by meadows, only the eastern shore has a row of bushes. The shore is covered in reeds so the only access to the lake is from private land on the western shore. A high-tension power line crosses the northern part of the lake.
# Big Sandy

Big Sandy may refer to:

## Communities

* Big Sandy, Montana, a town in Chouteau County
* Big Sandy, Nebraska, in Thayer County, Nebraska
* Big Sandy, Tennessee, a town in Benton County
* Big Sandy, Texas, a town in Upshur County
* Big Sandy, West Virginia, an unincorporated census-designated place in McDowell County
* Big Sandy, Wyoming, in Sublette County, Wyoming

## Other

* Big Sandy & His Fly-Rite Boys, a California band
* Big Sandy Regional Airport, located in southwest Martin County, Kentucky, United States
* United States Penitentiary, Big Sandy, in Inez, Kentucky
* The nickname of the main dirt track at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York
# Peracle charlotteae

Peracle charlotteae is an extinct species of fossil pelagic sea snail, or "sea butterfly", a planktonic marine gastropod mollusk in the family Peraclidae.
This species existed in what is now Cyprus during the Miocene period. It was described by Arie W. Janssen and Crispin T. S. Little in 2010.
# Peristoreus stramineus

Peristoreus stramineus is a species of true weevil. It is endemic to New Zealand. The larvae develop in flower buds of Hoheria populnea.
P. stramineus was originally named Erirhinus stramineus by Broun in 1881. Then, in 1926, Marshall described a new genus called Dorytomodes, into which he provisionally transferred all species placed by Broun in Erirrhinus [=Erirhinus]. Dorytomodes was subsequently sunk as a synonym of Peristoreus by Edward S. ("Ted") Gourlay in 1950.
P. stramineus has been found in the northern North Island (including nearby offshore islands, e.g. Poor Knights), south to the Hawke's Bay Region. It has also been reported from the South Island (Banks Peninsula), as a seed predator in fruit of Hoheria angustifolia.
# Peoria Distillers

The Peoria Distillers were a minor league baseball team that existed on-and-off from 1894 to 1917. They played in the Western Association from 1894 to 1896; the Central League in 1900, 1904 and 1917; the Western League from 1902 to 1903; and the Three-I League from 1905 to 1917. The team was the second baseball team to play in Peoria. They played in Lake View Park.

## Management

Under managers David Drohan and Charley Stis, they won their first League Championship in 1911. In 1916, they won their second and final League Championship under the guidance of William Jackson.
Pants Rowland was the Peoria team's manager in 1913, then was hired by Charles Comiskey to be manager of the Chicago White Sox. He guided them to the 1917 World Series championship, the last one won by the White Sox until 2005.

## Notable players

Joe McGinnity, nicknamed "Iron Man," who would go on to have a long career in the Major Leagues and be inducted in the National Baseball Hall of Fame, pitched every inning of a 21-inning game for the Peoria Distillers in 1898. His manager in Peoria was Pat Wright.
Others who played for the Distillers in the 19th century and proceeded to the majors included Harry Bay, Jimmy Burke, Frank Dillon, Frank Donnelly, Dan Dugdale, Hi Ebright, Zaza Harvey, John Roach and Harry Truby. In 1902 George Stone, who later was the 1906 American League batting champion, played for the team. In 1913, outfielder Max Flack played for the Distillers, and would go on to play for St. Louis in the 1918 World Series.

## Legacy

The Peoria Chiefs will occasionally play as the Peoria Distillers, sell throwback jerseys, and decorate the stadium with historic pictures of Distillers players.
# Abacetus catalai

Abacetus catalai is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Jeannel in 1948.
# Deep lingual vein

The deep lingual vein is one of the lingual veins. It commences near the apex of the tongue. It passes posterior-ward close to the inferior surface of the tongue. It terminates near the anterior border of the hyoglossus muscle by uniting with the sublingual vein to form the vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein); this vein then passes posterior-ward alongside the nerve to empty into either a lingual vein, the (common) facial vein, or the internal jugular vein.
# Perl Programming Documentation

Perl Programming Documentation, also called perldoc, is the name of the user manual for the Perl 5 programming language. It is available in several different formats, including online in HTML and PDF. The documentation is bundled with Perl in its own format, known as Plain Old Documentation (pod). Some distributions, such as Strawberry Perl, include the documentation in HTML, PDF, and pod formats.
perldoc is also the name of the Perl command that provides "access to all the documentation that comes with Perl", from the command line.
# Peperomia petiolata

Peperomia petiolata is a species of flowering plant in the pepper family Piperaceae, native to the Galápagos Islands. An epiphyte, it is found in forests on many of the islands.
# Xzavier Dickson

Xzavier Dickson (born September 11, 1992) is an American former professional football linebacker. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the seventh round of the 2015 NFL draft. He played college football at Alabama.

## College career

Throughout his college career from 2012 to 2014, he appeared in 39 games for Alabama. In his last season before entering the draft, he logged at least 0.5 sacks in five straight games and finished the season with 9.0 sacks, 42 tackles, and 12.5 tackles for loss.

## Professional career
### New England Patriots

Dickson was selected in the 7th round of the 2015 NFL draft by the New England Patriots. He was released by the Patriots on September 5, 2015.

### Atlanta Falcons

Dickson was signed to the practice squad of the Atlanta Falcons on December 30, 2015.

### Toronto Argonauts

Dickson was signed by the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League on April 17, 2018. He was released on June 10, 2018.

### Birmingham Iron

On November 19, 2018, Dickson was signed by the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football. In the season opener against the Memphis Express, Dickson intercepted an Express pass from quarterback Brandon Silvers. The league ceased operations in April 2019.