OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rape of Hastings

The Rape of Hastings (also known as Hastings Rape) is one of the rapes, the traditional sub-divisions unique to the historic county of Sussex in England.

## History

Rapes are territorial divisions, peculiar to Sussex, that were used for administrative purpose. The Rape of Hastings was one of six such divisions.
Medieval sources and place name evidence suggest that there were people living in what became the Rape of Hastings by the late 8th century. The people who were known as the Haestingas were a separate group to those of the South Saxons. The Haestingas became a sub-kingdom of the Kingdom of Sussex before being annexed by the Kingdom of Wessex
William the Conqueror granted the rape of Hastings to his cousin, Robert, Count of Eu, shortly after the Norman Conquest.

## Location

Hastings rape is the easternmost of all the Sussex rapes and it borders the rape of Pevensey to the west. To the north and east of the rape lies the county of Kent, while to the south lies the English Channel. The rape of Hastings includes the towns of Battle, Hastings and Rye. At 197 metres (646 ft) tall, Brightling Down in the High Weald is the highest point in the rape.

## Sub-divisions

The rape is traditionally divided into the following hundreds:
* Baldstrow
* Battle
* Bexhill
* Foxearle
* Goldspur
* Gostrow
* Guestling
* Hawkesborough
* Henhurst
* Netherfield
* Ninfield
* Shoyswell
* Staple
# Rape of Malaya

Rape of Malaya may refer to:
* Battle of Malaya
* Japanese occupation of Malaya
* The US title of the 1956 film version of A Town Like Alice
# NS Railway

NS Railway may refer to:
* Nederlandse Spoorwegen, railway operator in the Netherlands
* Norfolk Southern Railway in the United States
# Farzand Ali Durrani

Farzand Ali Durrani (1 January 1933 - 10 December 2003) was a Pakistani archaeologist known for his work on the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's earliest urban civilizations that flourished in the region of modern-day Pakistan and India from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
Durrani also served as a vice chancellor of Greenwich University Peshawar.

## Early life and education

Durrani was born on 1 January 1933, in Dheri Zardad, Pakistan. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Peshawar in 1961 and a Master of Arts degree in archaeology from the University of Punjab in 1965. He also obtained a PhD in archaeology from the University of London in 1971.

## Career

Durrani's work has focused on the archaeology and history of the Indus Valley Civilization. He has conducted excavations at several sites in Pakistan, including Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, and Kot Diji. His research has helped to shed light on various aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization, including its social organization, trade, technology, and religious practices.
Durrani has also written on the Indus Valley Civilization and other aspects of Pakistani archaeology. Some of his notable publications include "Excavations at Harappa," "The Indus Civilization: A People's History of Ancient Pakistan," and "The Balochistan Archaeological Project: An Overview." He has also served as the Director of the Department of Archaeology and Museums in Pakistan.
# Raphaël Esrail

Raphaël Esrail (10 May 1925 – 22 January 2022) was a French Resistance member and engineer.

## Biography

Esrail was born in Magnesia, Turkey, into a Sephardi Jewish family that spoke Ladino. The family emigrated to Lyon when he was one year old and eventually settled in La Croix-Rousse. While an adolescent, he joined the Eclaireuses et Eclaireurs israélites de France when he began to face oppression from Nazism in France. During the German occupation, he was a student at the École centrale de Lyon and was recruited by the Résistance juive en France [fr]. On 8 January 1944, he acquired false papers and stayed in the home of fellow resistance member Roger Appel, who had been arrested six days prior. However, Esrail was soon arrested and sent to Drancy internment camp. He was deported to Auschwitz on 3 February 1944 and assigned the number 173295.
On 18 January 1945, Esrail was forced to participate in a death march and attempted an unsuccessful escape. He was then sent to Dachau concentration camp. On 1 May 1945, he was liberated by American troops in Tutzing. He returned to France and stayed at the Hôtel Lutetia in Paris before returning to Lyon on 26 May, where his family had managed to survive the war.
After completing his studies, Esrail became an engineer with Gaz de France, where he worked from 1949 to 1988. After his retirement, he toured France as a lecturer in order to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive.
Esrail died of cancer in Lannion on 22 January 2022, at the age of 96.

## Distinctions

* Commander of the Legion of Honour (2016)
# William Vyvyan

William Vyvyan (fl. 1325), was an English Member of Parliament (MP).
He was a Member of the Parliament of England for New Shoreham in 1325.
# William W. Armstrong (journalist)

William Wallace Armstrong (March 18, 1833 – April 21, 1905) was an American journalist and politician born in Columbiana County, Ohio. He served as a Democratic Ohio Secretary of State from 1863 to 1865 and was later publisher of The Plain Dealer and postmaster of Cleveland.

## Biography

William W. Armstrong was born at New Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio, and lived there until moving to Tiffin, Seneca County, Ohio, in 1847 where he apprenticed at the Seneca Advertiser, learning the printing trade. He became editor, and bought the paper in 1854. From 1857 to 1861 he was postmaster of Tiffin.
In 1862, the Democratic state convention nominated Armstrong for Secretary of State, and he was elected later that year over incumbent Republican Wilson S. Kennon. He served one two-year term, but lost in a landslide to Republican William Henry Smith in 1864. He was the youngest man ever to hold the office.
After his term expired in 1865, Armstrong moved to Cleveland, bought The Plain Dealer, and edited it until 1883. On April 17, 1868, he testified at the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson, having been called as a witness by the defense, testifying about Johnson's Swing Around the Circle speech in Cleveland that Armstrong had covered as a reporter, with the defense aiming to prove that Johnson was constantly interrupted by the crowd during that speech and that many disorderly individuals were in the audience.
Armstrong was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1868, 1880, and 1884.
In 1881, Armstrong declined the nomination for governor. From 1887 to 1891, Armstrong was postmaster of Cleveland. In 1895 he was a candidate for Cleveland City Treasurer.
Armstrong died April 21, 1905, at his home in Cleveland, and was buried in Tiffin, at Greenlawn Cemetery.
Armstrong married Sarah Virginia Hedges on November 10, 1857. They had three children: two sons who died in infancy and Isabella Hedges, born 1864.
# Willow Weep for Me (album)

Willow Weep for Me is a posthumous jazz album recorded by guitarist Wes Montgomery in 1965 and released in 1968. It reached number 12 on the Billboard Jazz album chart in 1969. At the Grammy Awards of 1970 Willow Weep for Me won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group.

## History

After Montgomery's death, Verve used recordings from the sessions that produced Smokin' at the Half Note and hired arranger Claus Ogerman to write string and brass arrangements for "Willow Weep for Me", "Portrait of Jennie," "Oh! You Crazy Moon," and "Misty." Subsequent reissues erased the new backing arrangements.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Writing for Allmusic, music critic Richard Grinell called the original release "... prime, mature Wes Montgomery stretching out in full, with unbelievable confidence in his ear and technique at all times, experimenting now and then with mild electronic effects devices. The sound is oddly dim and shallow on the LP, which is surprising since the Smokln' album sounded so good."
At the Grammy Awards of 1970 Willow Weep for Me won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group.

## Track listing

* "Willow Weep for Me" (Ann Ronell) – 7:42
* "Impressions" (John Coltrane) – 5:01
* "Portrait of Jenny" (Burdge, Robinson) – 2:45
* "The Surrey with the Fringe on Top" (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II) – 5:20
* "Oh, You Crazy Moon" (Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 5:27
* "Four on Six" (Wes Montgomery) – 9:29
* "Misty" (Johnny Burke, Erroll Garner) – 6:45

## Personnel

* Wes Montgomery – guitar
* Wynton Kelly – piano
* Paul Chambers – bass
* Jimmy Cobb – drums
* Claus Ogerman – arranger, conductor

## Chart positions

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1969 | Billboard Jazz Albums | 12 |
# FUJIC

FUJIC was the first electronic digital computer in operation in Japan. It was finished in March 1956, the project having been effectively started in 1949, and was built almost entirely by Dr. Okazaki Bunji. Originally designed to perform calculations for lens design by Fuji, the ultimate goal of FUJIC's construction was to achieve a speed 1,000 times that of human calculation for the same purpose – the actual performance achieved was double that number.
Employing approximately 1,700 vacuum tubes, the computer's word length was 33 bits. It had an ultrasonic mercury delay-line memory of 255 words, with an average access time of 500 microseconds. An addition or subtraction was clocked at 100 microseconds, multiplication at 1,600 microseconds, and division at 2,100 microseconds.
Used extensively for two years at the Fuji factory in Odawara, it was given later to Waseda University before taking up residence in the National Science Museum of Japan in Tokyo.
# NOPA

NOPA can refer to:
* Norwegian Society of Composers and Lyricists, a society for Norwegian musicians
* NOPA (wine), a technique to measure amino acids in grape juice
* NOPA (optics), a technique in nonlinear optics
* No possible agreement, the opposite of a zone of possible agreement
* USS Oscar Austin, an American destroyer launched in 1998 (callsign NOPA)
* National Office Products Alliance; see List of acronyms: N#NO
* National Office Products Association; see List of acronyms: N#NO
# Wilmington plc

Wilmington plc is a publishing firm and provider of information and training, specialising in compliance, legal and healthcare publications. The company was established in 1995 and has its headquarters Whitechapel High Street, London.
It publishes:
* Compliance Week, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts
* Health Service Journal
* Pension Funds Online
In 2000, Wilmington acquired Binley's, a provider of NHS healthcare intelligence and tools for (amongst others) pharmaceutical supplier sales organisations. Binley's was later merged into the Health Service Journal, but retained its OnMedica website, a reference and news source for UK-based GPs and speciality doctors.
It sold What Wine? to William Reed Publishing in December 2005.
Mercia Group, a provider of accountancy training, was acquired in 2006.
It bought Press Gazette in 2006 and sold it in 2009.
Wilmington bought NHiS ("NHS Insights") in 2013.
Wellards, an e-learning provider for salespeople in pharmaceuticals and medical technology, was acquired in 2016 and rebranded as the Digital Learning Academy.
It bought the Health Service Journal from Ascential in January 2017.
Wilmington published the long-established Solicitors Journal from the 1990s until closing it in 2017.

## Financials

In the year ended 30 June 2019, Wilmington plc reported profit before tax of £14.7m on revenue of £122.5m.
# Nad Navillus

Nad Navillus is the work of Chicago artist Dan Sullivan.
Collaborators have included Rob Sullivan (bass), Andy Sullivan (vocals), Suzanne Roberts (violin, viola), Rob Bochnik (guitar), Dylan Posa (guitar), Dudley Colley (guitar), Joss Moorkens (drums, accordion, musical saw), Bill Murphy (drums), Jim Grabowski (keyboards), Dan Sylvester (drums, percussion), Justus Roe (programmed drums), and Keith Hanlon (drums).
The first release, Nad Navillus is a self-titled instrumental CD released on the ProShop label in 1999. Recorded by Joe Kaplan.
Show Your Face is the second full-length CD from Nad Navillus, released on Jagjaguwar, November 2001. Recorded by Joe Kaplan at FullPull Studio, Chicago.
Iron Night is the third full-length, again released on Jagjaguwar, November 2002. Recorded by Rob Bochnik and Greg Norman at Electrical Audio Recording, Chicago.
As Nad Navillus, Sullivan has done solo tours in Ireland, recorded for Holland's national radio, VPRO, and done extensive touring in the U.S. and Canada. Sullivan's other projects have included arranging Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring for two guitars, bass and drums (as a member of The Butchershop Quartet) as well as his involvement with the band Songs: Ohia.

## Discography

* "Irony Night" Jag51 (Jagjaguwar, released 11/02)
* "Shows Your Face" Jag37 (Jagjaguwar, released 11/01)
* "s/t ProShop 005" (released 03/99)

## On other releases

The American Pringles "The Pringles Are Coming!" ProShop 015 (released 6/05) The Butchershop Quartet "The Rite of Spring" G4CD7701 (released 4/04) Dave LaCrone and the Mistletones "The New Old-Fashioned Way" (12/03) Songs: Ohia "Magnolia Electric Company" SC76 (released 02/03) Parker Paul "Wingfoot" Jag28 (released 10/01) Songs: Ohia “Mi Sei Apparso Come Un Fantasma” Paper Cup/White and Black (released 09/01) Joan of Arse "Distant Hearts A Little Closer" slab4 (released 09/01) Steve Fanagan "There is Hope" mango010 (released 07/01) Songs: Ohia/Glen Hansard split 7-inch RR7-006 (released 12/00) Skeeter Pete & the Sullivan Mountain Boys s/t Bert 012 (released 04/00) A-Z Consolidated s/t ProShop 008 (released 10/99)

## Compilations

Shut Eye Records & Agency "Buzzlighter 11 - Motives" (released 2006) An International Compilation "Performance #1" ITC 8 (released 07/02) Tract Records "Eye of the Beholder II" TR002 (released 10/02)
# Nabard Metro Station

Nabard Metro Station is a station of Tehran Metro Line 4. It is located in Piruzi street at Cocacolla crossroad next to Kasa Commercial Complex.
# William W. Screws

William Wallace Screws (1839–1913) served as the 19th Secretary of State of Alabama from 1878 to 1882.

## Biography

He was born on February 25, 1839, at Jernigan, Barbour, now Russell County, Alabama to Benjamin Screws and Mourning Jones Drake.
He received his education in the village schools in Glenville, Alabama until he was sixteen. He did not go to college and instead read law under Thomas H. Watts. He was admitted to the Montgomery County Bar on June 15, 1859, and entered the practice of law.

## Civil War

He opposed the secession but enlisted as a volunteer into Hilliard's Alabama Legion at the outbreak of the American Civil War. He served in Tennessee and Kentucky and took part in the Battle of Chickamauga. In November 1963 he was commissioned as the first lieutenant in the 59th Alabama Infantry Regiment. Screws ended the war as major serving on the staff of Gen. James T. Holtzclaw. He published letters from the front in the Montgomery Advertiser describing his war experiences.

## Later life

After the war Montgomery Advertiser publisher Samuel Graham Reid, Sr., hired Screws as an associate editor in July 1865 and then in November of the same year sold him a half interest in the newspaper. For the next forty-eight years Screws maintained to a varying degree an editorial connection with the Advertiser.
In 1878–1882, he served as the Secretary of State of Alabama.
Screws received an honorary degree from the University of Alabama in 1906.
He died August 7, 1913, at Coosada, Alabama.
Governor Thomas G. Jones pronounced in his eulogy for William W. Screws the following,
   No man ever lived in Alabama who labored more unselfishly for the good of the State or set a finer example in his career of devotion to the things that make for the uplift of man. His convictions always marked out his pathway, whether it was followed by few or many, and he never hesitated to differ with and argue against the opinions of the majority, if he felt them wrong or believed that their success would not redound to the good of society. He felt that his position as the head of a great newspaper was a sacred trust, and not a mere personal possession.

## Family

On April 25, 1867, he married Emily Frances and they had four children.
# Fast Fightin'

Fast Fightin' is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Buddy Roosevelt, Nell Brantley and Joe Rickson.

## Cast

* Buddy Roosevelt as Buddy
* Nell Brantley as The Girl
* Joe Rickson as The Man
* Emily Barrye as The Other Woman
* James Sheridan as The Boy
* Emma Tansey as The Mother
* Leonard Trainor as The Sheriff
# Fang Nanjiang

Fang Nanjiang (Chinese: 方南江; April 1943 – 3 October 2018) was a major general of the Chinese People's Armed Police (PAP) and a writer of military-themed novels. He served as Deputy Director of the Political Department of the PAP and Director of the Organization Department of the Jinan Military Region. He co-authored The Last Salute, which won a national award for short novels in 1980 and was adapted into a film and a TV series.

## Biography

Fang was born in April 1943 in Jianli County, Hubei, China, with his ancestral home in Pingjiang County, Hunan. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army in 1963 and joined the Chinese Communist Party in March 1965. He served in the 356th Regiment of the 76th Division of the 26th Group Army. He was later transferred to the headquarters of the Jinan Military Region and served as its Director of Organization Department.
After leaving the Jinan Military Region, Fang served as Political Commissar of the Shandong Provincial People's Armed Police, and later as Deputy Director of the Political Department of the PAP. He attained the rank of Major General in July 1996.
Fang began publishing novels in the early 1980s and became a member of the China Writers Association in 2005. He co-authored with Li Quan (李荃) the novel The Last Salute (最后一个军礼). It won the National Short Novel Prize in 1980 and was adapted into a film and a TV series. He also published the long novel The Guards of China (中国近卫军).
Fang died on 3 October 2018 in Beijing, at the age of 75.
# Wilson fermion

In lattice field theory, Wilson fermions are a fermion discretization that allows to avoid the fermion doubling problem proposed by Kenneth Wilson in 1974. They are widely used, for instance in lattice QCD calculations.
An additional so-called Wilson term
    $S_{W}=-a^{d+1}\sum _{x,\mu }{\frac {i}{2a^{2}}}\left({\bar {\psi }}_{x}\psi _{x+{\hat {\mu }}}+{\bar {\psi }}_{x+{\hat {\mu }}}\psi _{x}-2{\bar {\psi }}_{x}\psi _{x}\right)$
is introduced supplementing the naively discretized Dirac action in $d$-dimensional Euclidean spacetime with lattice spacing $a$, Dirac fields $\psi _{x}$ at every lattice point $x$, and the vectors ${\hat {\mu }}$ being unit vectors in the $\mu$ direction. The inverse free fermion propagator in momentum space now reads
    $D(p)=m+{\frac {i}{a}}\sum _{\mu }\gamma _{\mu }\sin \left(p_{\mu }a\right)+{\frac {1}{a}}\sum _{\mu }\left(1-\cos \left(p_{\mu }a\right)\right)\,$
where the last addend corresponds to the Wilson term again. It modifies the mass $m$ of the doublers to
    $m+{\frac {2l}{a}}\,$
where $l$ is the number of momentum components with $p_{\mu }=\pi /a$. In the continuum limit $a\rightarrow 0$ the doublers become very heavy and decouple from the theory.
Wilson fermions do not contradict the Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem because they explicitly violate chiral symmetry since the Wilson term does not anti-commute with $\gamma _{5}$.
# Dan-D Foods

Dan-D Foods Ltd is a Canadian food company that acts as an importer, manufacturer and distributor of cashews, dried fruits, rice crackers, snack foods, spices, and other packaged foods from around the world. The company's products are distributed under its own trademarks of Dan-D-Bulk, Dan-D-Pak and Dan-D-Organic with the slogan "Fine Foods of the Earth". Today, Dan-D Foods Group Global operates its business in six countries, and distributes its products, with recent expansions, as far as Australia.
# Farbill

Farbill (Irish: Fir Bhile) is a barony in east County Westmeath, in Ireland. It was formed by 1672. It is bordered by County Meath to the south and east and three other baronies: Fartullagh (to the south–west), Moyashel and Magheradernon (to the north–east) and Delvin (to the north). The largest centre of population in the barony is the town of Kinnegad.

## Geography

Farbill has an area of 35,488.8 acres (143.618 km$^2$). The M4 motorway passes to the south of Kinnegad connecting Dublin with Sligo and the M6 motorway from Galway joins the M4 at Kinnegad. Several regional roads radiate from Kinnegad. Those passing through Farbill are the R148 to Dublin and the R161 to Navan. To the north the R156 passes through Killucan linking the N3 near Clonee in County Meath to the N4 (near Mullingar).
A railway line carrying the national rail company Iarnród Éireann's Dublin to Longford commuter service and Dublin to Sligo intercity service. also passes through the barony. The Royal Canal follows a similar route through Farbill connecting the River Liffey in Dublin to Longford town.

## Civil parishes of the barony

This table lists an historical geographical sub-division of the barony known as the civil parish (not to be confused with an Ecclesiastical parish).
| Name in English | Name in Irish |
| Killucan | Cill Liúcainne |
The barony of Farbill consists of just one civil parish, Killucan, however two townlands of Killucan, Greenan, and Mucklin, are in the barony of Delvin.

## Towns, villages and townlands

There are 76 townlands in the barony of Farbill. Villages include:
* Coralstown
* The Downs, about 5 miles east of Mullingar
* Killucan
* Kinnegad
* Raharney
* Rathwire
# Daniela Mack

Daniela Mack (born April 6, 1982) is an Argentine mezzo-soprano. She was a finalist in the 2013 BBC Cardiff Singer of the World Competition.

## Early life and education

Daniela Mack was born in Buenos Aires and studied at Louisiana State University. She trained at the Adler Fellowship Program, an artist-development program at San Francisco Opera.

## Career

Daniela Mack made her professional debut as Rosina in The Barber of Seville with Opera Cleveland in 2009 while still an Adler Fellow. She also debuted at the English National Opera as Sesto in Julius Caesar in 2012.
In 2016 Mack created the role of Jacqueline Kennedy in the world premiere of David T. Little’s opera JFK with Fort Worth Opera.
In 2017 Mack created the title role in the world premiere of Kevin Puts' opera Elizabeth Cree with Opera Philadelphia as a part of their O17 Festival.
In 2021, Mack performed the role of Rosina in an abridged English-language adaptation of The Barber of Seville for the San Francisco Opera, alongside her husband Alek Shrader. The production was held as an open-air, drive-in event at the Marin Center due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mack has sung at opera houses including the Royal Opera House, Washington National Opera, and Santa Fe Opera. In concert, she has performed with the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra both under the direction of Charles Dutoit.

## Personal life

Ms. Mack is married to operatic tenor Alek Shrader.