OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Life and works of Hungarian writers – new series (Gulyás)

The Life and Works of Hungarian Writers edited by Pál Gulyás – a new series of a large-scale, broader Hungarian literary lexicon from the first half of the 20th century. Publishing of the work stalled in the 1940s and then resumed in the 1990s. In the early 2000s, due to lack of funds, they stopped publishing again, the remaining (considerable) part is still in manuscript. With its 19 published volumes and manuscripts, it is probably the largest single Hungarian literary work in existence.

## Order of volumes

The series, like other contemporary lexicons, uses column numbering instead of a page. On a printed page, the text is divided into two columns, which means that the number of columns is exactly twice the actual number of pages.
| Volume Number | Volume title | Year of publication | Number of columns |
| Volume I | Aaachs – Bálint Rezső | 1939 | 1247 |
| Volume II | Bálint Sándor – Berényi János | 1940 | 1271 |
| Volume III | Berényi János – Bredeczky Sámuel | 1941 | 1271 |
| Volume IV | Brediceanu Kajusz – Czeglédi Rozsika | 1942 | 1271 |
| Volume V | Czeglédy Sándor – Doctor Linda | 1943 | 952 |
| Volume VI | Doctor Sándor – Dzurányi László | 1944 | 422 |
| Volume VII | Ebeczky Béla – Ézsöl Mihály | 1990 | 423 |
| Volume VIII | Fa Imre – Ferényi Antal | 1992 | 939 |
| Volume IX | Ferenczy Tibor – Füzy Zoltán | 1992 | 943 |
| Volume X | Gaál Adorján – Gokler Gyula | 1992 | 994 |
| Volume XI | Golarski Mici – Gyürky Vidor | 1992 | 990 |
| Volume XII | Haader György – Házyné | 1993 | 903 |
| Volume XIII | Häcker Bálint – Hollinger Rudolf | 1993 | 885 |
| Volume XIV | Hollitzer Gyula – Hyrtl József | 1993 | 858 |
| Volume XV | Iacob János – Jürkéné | 1993 | 453 |
| Volume XVI | Kaál Elek – Kovačević, Iovan | 1995 | 1131 |
| Volume XVII | Kovács A. Ödön – Lyka Károly | 1995 | 1307 |
| Volume XVIII | Maácz János – Myskovszky Viktor | 1999 | 1375 |
| Volume XIX | N. Árpádné – Özséb, P[áter] | 2002 | 983 |

## Sources

* Gulyás Pál: Magyar írók élete és munkái – új sorozat, Magyar Könyvtárosok és Levéltárosok Egyesülete, Budapest, 1939–1944, az I. kötet Előszava
* Magyar katolikus lexikon I–XV. Főszerk. Diós István; szerk. Viczián János. Budapest: Szent István Társulat. 1993–2010. Magyar írók élete és munkái
* http://gulyaspal.mtak.hu/
* Nekrológ Viczián János emlékére
* Czigány Lórántː Szinnyei–Gulyás–Viczián; inː Magyar Könyvszemle, 1997/1
* Hanthy Kingaː Gulyás, a világszám. Mire telik a magyar tudomány pénzéből? Archived 2 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine; inː Magyar Nemzet, 2003. ápr. 12.
# Eleocharis pachycarpa

Eleocharis pachycarpa is a species of spikesedge known by the common name black sand spikerush. This plant is native to southern South America (Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) but it grows in other parts of the world as an introduced species, such as Australia and the US states of California and Nevada.
Eleocharis pachycarpa is a resident of moist areas, such as riverbanks, vernal pools, salt marshes, and wet meadows. This is a rhizomatous perennial generally not exceeding 40 centimeters in height. It forms clumps of very thin stringlike stems of smooth bright green which are four-sided or cylindrical. The stems are somewhat erect but they bend easily to become stolons; if the tip touches the substrate it may root there and produce a new plant. The spikelet is a flat oval shape up to a centimeter long and holds ten or more flowers, each covered in a dark purple-brown or black bract. The fruit is a tiny light-colored achene about a millimeter long.
# Likely Aerodrome

Likely Aerodrome (TC LID: CAX5) is located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) west northwest of Likely, British Columbia, Canada.
# Vistträsk

Vistträsk (former name was Vistheden) is a locality situated in Älvsbyn Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 248 inhabitants in 2010.
# Competition-ChIP

Competition-ChIP is variant of the Chip-Sequencing protocol, used to measure relative binding dynamics of a transcription factor (TF) on DNA. Since TF occupancy measures are thought to be a poor predictor of TF function at a given locus, Competition-ChIP is much more strongly linked to function than occupancy. The technique was originally developed in Jason D. Lieb's Lab in 2011.
# Profile angle

The profile angle of a gear is the angle at a specified pitch point between a line tangent to a tooth surface and the line normal to the pitch surface (which is a radial line of a pitch circle). This definition is applicable to every type of gear for which a pitch surface can be defined. The profile angle gives the direction of the tangent to a tooth profile.
In spur gears and straight bevel gears, tooth profiles are considered only in a transverse plane, and the general terms profile angle and pressure angle are customarily used rather than transverse profile angle and transverse pressure angle. In helical teeth, the profiles may be considered in different planes, and in specifications it is essential to use terms that indicate the direction of the plane in which the profile angle or the pressure angle lies, such as transverse profile angle, normal pressure angle, axial profile angle.

## Types
### Standard

In tools for cutting, grinding, and gaging gear teeth, the profile angle is the angle between a cutting edge or a cutting surface, and some principal direction such as that of a shank, an axis, or a plane of rotation.
Standard profile angles are established in connection with standard proportions of gear teeth and standard gear cutting tools. Involute gears operate together correctly after a change of center distance, and gears designed for a different center distance can be generated correctly by standard tools. A change of center distance is accomplished by changes in operating values for pitch diameter, circular pitch, diametral pitch, pressure angle, and tooth thicknesses or backlash. The same involute gear may be used under conditions that change its operating pitch diameter and pressure angle. Unless there is a good reason for doing otherwise, it is practical to consider that the pitch and the profile angle of a single gear correspond to the pitch and the profile angle of the hob or cutter used to generate its teeth.

### Transverse

The transverse pressure angle and transverse profile angle are the pressure angle and the profile angle in a transverse plane.

### Normal

Normal pressure angle and normal profile angle are the pressure and profile angles in a normal plane of a helical or a spiral tooth. In a spiral bevel gear, unless otherwise specified, profile angle means normal profile angle at the mean cone distance.

### Axial

Axial pressure angle and axial profile angle are the pressure angle and the profile angle in an axial plane of a helical gear or a worm, or of a spiral bevel gear.
# Profile gauge

A profile gauge or contour gauge is a tool for recording the cross-sectional shape of a surface. Contour gauges consist of a set of steel or plastic pins that are set tightly against one another in a frame which keeps them in the same plane and parallel while allowing them to move independently, perpendicularly to the frame. When pressed against an object, the pins conform to the object. The gauge can then be used to draw the profile or to copy it on to another surface.

## Applications

Profile gauges are used widely in metalworking and woodworking. In architectural conservation, they are used to document the profiles of decorative moldings. In archaeological illustration, they are typically used to record the profile of pots, and are thus named pottery gauges; but in ceramics, a pottery gauge is a template used in making pots.
# Vinzenz Guggenberger

Vinzenz Guggenberger (March 21, 1929 – July 4, 2012) was the Roman Catholic titular bishop of Abziri and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Regensburg, Germany.
Ordained in 1953, Guggenberger was named bishop in 1972 and retired in 2004.
# Communauté de Communes du Canton de Criquetot-l'Esneval

The communauté de communes du Canton de Criquetot-l’Esneval is a former intercommunality in the Seine-Maritime département of the Normandy region of northern France. It was created on 28 December 2001. and it was merged into the new communauté urbaine Le Havre Seine Métropole on 1 January 2019.

## Composition

The communauté de communes consisted of the following 21 communes:
* Angerville-l'Orcher
* Anglesqueville-l'Esneval
* Beaurepaire
* Bénouville
* Bordeaux-Saint-Clair
* Criquetot-l'Esneval
* Cuverville
* Étretat
* Fongueusemare
* Gonneville-la-Mallet
* Hermeville
* Heuqueville
* Pierrefiques
* La Poterie-Cap-d'Antifer
* Saint-Jouin-Bruneval
* Saint-Martin-du-Bec
* Sainte-Marie-au-Bosc
* Le Tilleul
* Turretot
* Vergetot
* Villainville
# Communauté de Communes Saâne et Vienne

The Communauté de communes Saâne et Vienne (CCSV) is a former intercommunality in the Seine-Maritime département of the Normandy region of north-western France. It was created in January 2002. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Terroir de Caux in January 2017.

## Participants

The Communauté de communes comprised the following communes:
* Ambrumesnil
* Auppegard
* Auzouville-sur-Saâne
* Avremesnil
* Bacqueville-en-Caux
* Biville-la-Rivière
* Brachy
* Gonnetot
* Greuville
* Gruchet-Saint-Siméon
* Gueures
* Hermanville
* Lamberville
* Lammerville
* Lestanville
* Longueil
* Luneray
* Omonville
* Ouville-la-Rivière
* Quiberville
* Rainfreville
* Royville
* Saâne-Saint-Just
* Saint-Denis-d'Aclon
* Saint-Mards
* Saint-Ouen-le-Mauger
* Saint-Pierre-Bénouville
* Sassetot-le-Malgardé
* Thil-Manneville
* Tocqueville-en-Caux
* Vénestanville
# Prospect Tower

Prospect Tower is a folly on the Cotehele Estate. It has three sides and is 60ft high. When the National Trust was given the Cotehele Estate in 1947 the Trust renovated the tower and constructed a wooden spiral staircase inside, to allow visitors. The Tower was last renovated in 2018 and is still open to the public.

## History

Prospect Tower was built by the 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe in celebration of the royal visit of King George III.
# Complementarity theory

A complementarity problem is a type of mathematical optimization problem. It is the problem of optimizing (minimizing or maximizing) a function of two vector variables subject to certain requirements (constraints) which include: that the inner product of the two vectors must equal zero, i.e. they are orthogonal. In particular for finite-dimensional real vector spaces this means that, if one has vectors X and Y with all nonnegative components (x$_i$ ≥ 0 and y$_i$ ≥ 0 for all $i$: in the first quadrant if 2-dimensional, in the first octant if 3-dimensional), then for each pair of components x$_i$ and y$_i$ one of the pair must be zero, hence the name complementarity. e.g. X = (1, 0) and Y = (0, 2) are complementary, but X = (1, 1) and Y = (2, 0) are not. A complementarity problem is a special case of a variational inequality.

## History

Complementarity problems were originally studied because the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions in linear programming and quadratic programming constitute a linear complementarity problem (LCP) or a mixed complementarity problem (MCP). In 1963 Lemke and Howson showed that, for two person games, computing a Nash equilibrium point is equivalent to an LCP. In 1968 Cottle and Dantzig unified linear and quadratic programming and bimatrix games. Since then the study of complementarity problems and variational inequalities has expanded enormously.
Areas of mathematics and science that contributed to the development of complementarity theory include: optimization, equilibrium problems, variational inequality theory, fixed point theory, topological degree theory and nonlinear analysis.
# Les Graphiquants

Les Graphiquants is a design consultancy based in Paris, France, with a reputation for serving the cultural field and the arts.

## History

Les Graphiquants were founded in Paris in 2008 by two creative directors, Romain Rachlin and Maxime Tétard, who studied together at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs in Paris. They have since been joined by Cyril Taïeb and Françios Dubois.
In 2011, they received international fame by winning the European Design Agency of the Year award at a ceremony held in Vilnius, Lithuania.

## Projects and clients

Cultural organizations such as the Centre Pompidou, the Pinault Collection, the Centre National des Arts Plastiques and the Biennale de Danse de Lyon have helped Les Graphiquants forge a reputation that is closely linked to this particular market.
However, Les Graphiquants’ clients also include mainstream brands such as Christian Dior, Sony, Universal, BNP Paribas and Canal +.

## Style

According to R. Klanten, A. Sinofzik and F. Schulze in their book Culture Identities, "...At first sight, Les Graphiquants’ work seems to be interested in the image, rather than the word, concerned with style, rather than content. In fact, it is very responsive to both… The grandeur of the expression feels typically French. Les Graphiquants’ style may not build on their country’s design heritage: they are 'very proud of France’s graphic history from Cassandre to Grapus' but certain that 'French design doesn’t exist anymore'. However, their visual language bears remarkable similarities to their mother tongue in its rhythm and melody, vocal symphonic texture, accents and round-bellied visual vowels…"
# CTBC Financial Park

The CTBC Financial Park, or Chinatrust Commercial Bank Headquarters (Chinese: 中國信託金融園區), is a skyscraper office complex located in Nangang District, Taipei, Taiwan. Construction of the complex began in 2010 and it was completed in 2013. The complex consists of three towers with a total floor area of 266,290 m$^2$ (2,866,300 sq ft). The height of Block A is 139 m (456 ft), and it comprises 30 floors above ground, as well as five basement levels. The height of Block B is 99.4 m (326 ft), and it comprises 20 floors above ground, as well as five basement levels. The height of Block C is 66.7 m (219 ft), and it comprises 14 floors above ground, as well as five basement levels. It houses the headquarters of CTBC Financial Holding and is situated in close proximity to Nangang Software Park and Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center.

## Design

The building was designed jointly by the American architectural team NBBJ and the Taiwanese team Fei & Cheng Associates. The design adopts the concept of traditional Taiwanese residential courtyard buildings to modern high-rise buildings that combines tradition and modernity, and expresses three buildings connected by air bridges in a shape like the Chinese character for "mountain" (Chinese: 山). To save energy and electricity, a total of 695 m$^2$ (7,480 sq ft) of solar panels were installed on the top floor of Tower A to illuminate public spaces. LED lights are used in the office space, lighting and air conditioning can be switched on and off in small areas, and electronic ballasts are planned to save electricity expenditure. The elevator power interruption adopts the emergency power supply automatic switching operation function. The water facilities in the building, including fountains and sprinklers around the park, all adopt rainwater recovery equipment, recycling systems and water-saving equipment. To cope with extreme weather, a detention pond with a water storage capacity of 2,000 tonnes is installed in the basement of the headquarters to effectively avoid flooding in case of heavy rain. The complex received the MIPIM Asia 2015 Silver Award for Best Mixed-Use Development.

## Gallery

* Block A Lobby
* Public Space
* Block C Mall
* Level 3 Food Court
* Outdoor garden
# War in South Ossetia

The term war in South Ossetia may refer to:
* Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
* 1991–1992 South Ossetia War
* 2008 Russo-Georgian War
# William Hubbard

Will(iam) Hubbard may refer to:
    Ordered chronologically
* William Hubbard (clergyman) (1621–1704), English minister and historical writer in colonial America
* William Hubbard (New Brunswick politician) (1751–1813), lawyer, judge and politician in New Brunswick, Canada
* William Blackstone Hubbard (1795–1866), American politician and Freemason
* William Peyton Hubbard (1842–1935), Canadian politician
* William Pallister Hubbard (1843–1921), American legislator
* William Henry Hubbard (1886–1960), Canadian aviator
* Will Hubbard (1895–1969), English aviator
* William DeHart Hubbard (1903–1976), first African-American to win an Olympic gold medal in an individual event
* William C. Hubbard, American lawyer and law school dean
* William Hubbard, British soldier commemorated in "The Ballad of Bill Hubbard" by Roger Waters
# Zhaozhou, Heilongjiang

Zhaozhou (Chinese: 肇州; pinyin: Zhàozhōu) is a town in and the seat of Zhaozhou County in southwestern Heilongjiang province, China. As of 2011, it has 11 residential communities (社区) and 7 villages under its administration. It is serviced by China National Highway 203.
# Graphesthesia

Graphesthesia is the ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch. Its name derives from Greek graphē ("writing") and aisthēsis ("perception"). Graphesthesia tests combined cortical sensation; therefore, it is necessary that primary sensation be intact.
During medical or neurological examination graphesthesia is tested in order to test for certain neurological conditions such as; lesions in brainstem, spinal cord, sensory cortex or thalamus. An examiner writes single numbers or simple letters on the skin (usually the palm) with something that will provide a clear stimulus, such as a broken tongue depressor, pen cap etc. Prior to the start of testing, an agreement may be reached between the examiner and the patient as to the orientation of the letters, although this is often unnecessary, since orientation and size of the figures are rarely an issue. The crucial aspect of testing graphesthesia, as with any sensory testing, is to establish that the patient understands the test, hence the test is commenced, in the hemiplegic patient, on the normal, intact hand. This also allows the examiner to establish the patient's numeracy, since semi-numerate patients may have difficulties performing the task.
The patient provides a verbal response identifying the figure that was drawn. If the patient has a speech or language impairment that prevents them from verbalizing an answer, the answer can be selected from a series of images shown to them.
Loss of graphesthesia indicates either parietal lobe damage on the side opposite the hand tested or damage to the dorsal columns pathway at any point between the tested point and the contralateral parietal lobe. The major clinical utility of the test in the 21st century is in the condition, cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration, where, in addition to evidence of basal ganglia dysfunction, the presence of cortical sensory loss is likely to have reasonably high specificity for the diagnosis.
Testing graphesthesia can be substituted for stereognosis if a patient is unable to grasp an object. Graphesthesia can be considered as a type of synthetic sensation as it involves a complex interaction between three neural components i.e. Tactile sensation, two point discrimination and cortical component that stores infirmation about the symbol/letter that is being traced in the skin and was learned through some previous experience.
# Riginaldo Lucarini

Riginaldo Lucarini, O.P. (died 1671) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Città della Pieve (1643–1671).

## Biography

Riginaldo Lucarini was ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 9 February 1643, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Città della Pieve. On 15 February 1643, he was consecrated bishop by Alessandro Cesarini (iuniore), Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Eustachio, with Giovanni Battista Altieri, Bishop Emeritus of Camerino, and Giovanni Battista Scanaroli, Titular Bishop of Sidon, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Città della Pieve until his death on 8 October 1671. While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Carlo Bonafaccia, Bishop of Ortona a Mare e Campli (1653); and Carlo Giuliani, Bishop of Stagno (1653).
# Corticifraga

Corticifraga is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. The genus was circumscribed by David Leslie Hawksworth and Rolf Santesson in 1990, with Corticifraga peltigerae assigned as the type species.

## Species

* Corticifraga chugachiana Zhurb. (2007) – Holarctic
* Corticifraga fuckelii (Rehm) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant. (1990)
* Corticifraga fusispora Zhurb. (2009)
* Corticifraga microspora Etayo & Flakus (2019)
* Corticifraga nephromatis Pérez-Ort. (2020) – Alaska
* Corticifraga peltigerae (Fuckel) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant. (1990)
* Corticifraga pseudocyphellariae Etayo (2008)
* Corticifraga santessonii Zhurb. & Zavarzin (2007) – Holarctic
* Corticifraga scrobiculatae Pérez-Ort. (2010) – Alaska
# Eric Basaldua

Eric Basaldua (born August 26, 1980, and sometimes credited as Ebas) is an American comic book artist

## Career

Basaldua started his career at Top Cow studios working directly under its founder, Marc Silvestri, starting with backgrounds for him. He is also the brother of comic-inker, Rick Basaldua.
Basaldua's most recent interior artwork can be seen in Witchblade Annual #1.
# Walter Lewis Baily Jr.

Walter Lewis Baily Jr. (July 5, 1930 – January 15, 2013) was an American mathematician.

## Life and career

Born in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, Baily's research focused on areas of algebraic groups, modular forms and number-theoretical applications of automorphic forms. One of his significant works was with Armand Borel, now known as the Baily–Borel compactification, which is a compactification of a quotient of a Hermitian symmetric space by an arithmetic group (that is, a linear algebraic group over the rational numbers). Baily and Borel built on the work of Ichirō Satake and others.
Baily became a Putnam Fellow in 1952. He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), receiving a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics in 1952. After that, he attended Princeton University, receiving a Masters in 1953 and a Ph.D. in Mathematics in 1955 under the direction of his thesis advisor Kunihiko Kodaira (On the Quotient of a Complex Analytic Manifold by a Discontinuous Group of Complex Analytic Self-Homomorphisms). Subsequently, he was an instructor at Princeton and then MIT. In 1957 he worked as a mathematician at Bell Laboratories. In 1957, he was appointed Assistant Professor and subsequently promoted to Professor in 1963 at the University of Chicago. He became a Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago in 2005.
He was a member of the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Society of Japan. He often visited the University of Tokyo as a guest of Shokichi Iyanaga and Kunihiko Kodaira, spoke fluent Japanese and in Tokyo, 1963 married Yaeko Iseki, with whom he had a son. He owned an apartment in Tokyo for many years, where he spent his summers. In addition, he often visited Moscow and Saint Petersburg and spoke fluent Russian.
He was awarded an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship in 1958. In 1962, he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians held in Stockholm (On the moduli of Abelian varieties with multiplications from an order in a totally real number field).
His doctoral students include Paul Monsky, Timothy J. Hickey, and Daniel Bump.
Baily died in Northbrook, Illinois, at 82.
# Cossus orientalis

Cossus orientalis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in North Korea and China (Jilin), Russia and Japan.
# Monaldi

Monaldi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Diego Monaldi (born 1993), Italian professional basketball player
* Paolo Monaldi (1710–after 1779), Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo style
* Rita Monaldi (born 1966), Italian journalist and writer
* Vincenzo Monaldi (1899–1969), Italian physician and physiologist

## Other

* Monaldi & Sorti, pen name of the Italian married couple writer duo Rita Monaldi and Francesco Sorti
* Monaldo