OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Communication Workers Union (South Africa)

The Communication Workers Union (CWU) is a trade union representing ICT and postal workers in South Africa.
The union was founded in May 1996, when the Post and Telecommunication Workers' Association (POTWA) merged with two small staff associations: the Post Office Employees' Association, and the South African Post Telecommunication Employees' Association. Like POTWA, the union affiliated to the Congress of South African Trade Unions. While the leaders of POTWA were expected to win election to the leadership of the merged union, instead a rival slate of POTWA members won the initial elections, led by president Tlhalefang Sekano.

## General Secretaries

* 2003: Seleboho Kiti
* 2006: Macvicar Dyasopu (acting)
* 2007: Gallant Roberts
* 2012: Thabo Mokgalane (acting)
* 2014: Aubrey Tshabalala
* 2018: Aubrey Tshabalala (current)
# Minuscule 179

Minuscule 179 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 211 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains an almost complete text of the four Gospels on 249 thick parchment leaves (size 19.5 cm by 16.5 cm), with some lacunae. The text is written in one column per page, in 21-23 lines per page, in dark-brown ink; the capital letters in red.
The last five leaves (214-218) and two others (23, 30) are paper, and were added later in the 15th or 16th century.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning, lists of the κεφαλαια (lists of contents) before each Gospel, and lectionary markings at the margin for liturgical use. Synaxarion and Menologion were added in the 15th or 16th century on paper.

## Text

The Greek text of the manuscript is mostly the Byzantine, but it is not pure Byzantine. Kurt Aland did not place it in any Category. It is classified to the textual Family 1424. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family K$^x$ in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1 it has mixed text.

## History

It was examined by Bianchini, Birch (about 1782), and Scholz. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Biblioteca Angelica (11), at Rome.
# Minuscule 178

Minuscule 178 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 210 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains an almost complete text of the four Gospels on 272 thick parchment leaves (size 37.9 cm by 29.7 cm), with only one small lacuna (John 21:17-25). The leaves are arranged in quarto. The text is written in two columns per page, in 23 lines per page, in dark-brown ink, capital letters in gold.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) with a harmony at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234 sections - the last in 16:9), but without references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning, lists of the κεφαλαια (lists of contents) before each of the Gospels.
The headings of the Gospels as in minuscule 69 – εκ του κατα Μαρκον.
On the first leaf it has the same subscription as codex 87.

## Text

Kurt Aland did not place the Greek text of the codex in any Category.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Π$^a$ in Luke 1 and Luke 10. In Luke 20 it represents K$^x$.
The text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is marked by an obelus.

## History

Formerly the manuscript was held in της μονης του προδρομου της κοιμενης εγγιστα της Αετιου αρχαικη δε τη μονη κησις πετρα in Constantinople, as codices 87 and 774.
The manuscript came from Constantinople. According to the subscription "prope Cisternam Aeti".
It was examined by Bianchini, Birch (about 1782), and Scholz. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Biblioteca Angelica (gr. 123), at Rome.
# Comparison of MIDI standards

This table provides summary of comparison of various MIDI enhancement standards by various parameters.
| | MPU | MT-32 | GM | GS | XG level 1 | XG level 2 | XG level 3 | GM level 2 | XGlite |
| Entry date | 1984 | 1987 | 1991 | 1991 | 1994 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2002 |
| Organization | Roland | Roland | JMSC (AMEI) MMA | Roland | Yamaha | Yamaha | Yamaha | MMA | Yamaha |
| Minimum equipment requirements ||||||||||
| Simultaneous melodic voices | | 8+ combined (up to 32 partials) | 16 | 16 | 32 combined | 64 combined | 128 combined | 16 | 32 combined |
| Simultaneous percussion voices | | 8+ combined (up to 32 partials) | 8 | 8 | 32 combined | 64 combined | 128 combined | 16 | 32 combined |
| MIDI melodic channels | | 8 | 15 | 15 | 16 combined | 32 combined (on 2 ports) | 64 combined (on 4 ports) | 14 | 16 combined |
| Rhythm/percussion channels | | 1 | 1 (#10) | 1 | 16 combined | 32 combined (on 2 ports) | 64 combined (on 4 ports) | 2 (#10 & #11) | 16 combined |
| Channel recommendations | | | #10: drums | | #1: melody; #2: melody (duet); #3: bass; #4: pad; #5: riff; #10: drums | #1: melody; #2: melody (duet); #3: bass; #4: pad; #5: riff; #10: drums | #1: melody; #2: melody (duet); #3: bass; #4: pad; #5: riff; #10: drums | | |
| Sounds banks available ||||||||||
| Melodic instruments | | 128 | 128 | 226 | 480 | 1074 | 1149 | 256 | 360 |
| Drum kits | | 1 | 1 | 8 + 1 SFX kit | 9 + 2 SFX kits | 34 + 2 SFX kits | 35 + 2 SFX kits | 9 | 12 kits |
| Drum sounds per kit | | 30 | 47 | 61 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 61 | 53 |
| Controls available ||||||||||
| Special CC | | 2 | 6 (MT32+4) | | | | | 6 (GM) | |
| Parametric effect CC | | 4 | 5 | 16 (GM+11) | 51 (GM+46) | 51 (GM+46) | 51 (GM+46) | 12 (GM+7) | |
| RPNs | | 0 | 5 | | | | | 6 (GM+1) | |
| SysEx messages | | | 2 | | | | | 14 | |
# Lina Englund

Lina Maria Englund (born 14 May 1975 in Spånga) is a Swedish actress and musician.
Englund went to the Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm for middle and high school.
When she was 12, she went with a friend to an audition for the movie Miraklet i Valby and got the female lead. At 15, she played Camilla in the television series Storstad for a year and a half. When the show ended, she enrolled in the 2-year aesthetic-practical course at the Södra Latins gymnasium in Stockholm. While studying there, she participated in the Canadian young people's TV series Northwood, where she played the au pair Kristina. She also had the female lead in Ulf Malmros' TV series Rapport till himlen.
For her role in the 1996 movie Vinterviken, she was nominated for a Guldbagge Award as Best Actress in a leading role. She attended the Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting from 1995 to 1999 and after graduation, joined the Stockholm City Theatre and Teater Galeasen. Among other productions, she has appeared in Chekhov's Three Sisters and Uncle Vanya, and Lars Norén's Krig (War).
In the summer of 2001 she filmed Outside Your Door in Lycksele. At the premiere the following year, Englund received good reviews, "very good" and "convincing."
Together with David Shutrick and Johan Lindstrom, she formed the group Selfish, which in 1998 released the disc Wanting You Would Be. The album received a mixed reception, but as a singer the critics pronounced Englund "very talented" and "very convincing". The group released only the one recording, but Englund has continued with music; among other things, she has written music for the National Swedish Touring Theatre's production of Jean Genet's The Maids. She recorded a new album with David Shutrick in 2006, but it was not released in 2007. She also recorded material with Martin Thomasson of Rockmonster and co-wrote songs with Eric Erlandson of Hole.
In fall 2006, Englund participated in the filming of the TV series Bror och syster, which was broadcast in spring 2007. In 2008, she had a recurring role in the TV series based on the comic strip Rocky.

## Filmography (selection)

* 1989 - Miraklet i Valby
* 1990 - Storstad (TV)
* 1994 - Rapport till himlen (TV)
* 1996 - Vinterviken
* 1996 - När Finbar försvann
* 1999 - Dödlig drift
* 2000 - Syskonsalt (TV)
* 2002 - Outside Your Door
* 2002 - Lilla körsbärsträdgården (Stockholm City Theatre)
* 2003 - Popcorn (TV)
* 2003 - Swedenhielms
* 2004 - Om Stig Petrés hemlighet (TV)
* 2005 - Storm
* 2006 - Stilla Natt
* 2007 - Bror och syster (TV)
* 2007 - Arn – The Knight Templar
# Promethium(III) bromide

Promethium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of PmBr$_3$. It is radioactive salt. It is a crystal of the hexagonal crystal system, with the space group of P6$_3$/mc (No. 176).

## Preparation

Promethium(III) bromide can be obtained by reacting hydrogen bromide and promethium(III) oxide:
    Pm$_2$O$_3$ + 6 HBr —$^{500°C}$→ 2 PmBr$_3$ + 3 H$_2$O
Promethium(III) bromide hydrate cannot be heated to form its anhydrous form. Instead it decomposes in water to form promethium oxybromide:
    PmBr$_3$ + H$_2$O(g) → PmOBr + 2 HBr
# Minuscule 138

Minuscule 138 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A$^{304}$ (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript is lacunose.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 380 parchment leaves (size 30 cm by 22.5 cm), with a commentary, and minor lacunae. The text is written in one column per page, 37 lines per page.
The commentary on Mark is of Victor, mixed up with the text, both in slovenly hand.
It contains synaxaria, Menologion, and pictures. The tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) were added by a later hand before each Gospel. At the end of each Gospel were added subscriptions with numbers of verses. Mark 16:9-20 was marked by an obelus as doubtful.
The text of Matthew 1:1-4:11 was supplied by a later hand.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V. According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family K$^x$ in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 no profile was made.

## History

The manuscript was examined by Birch (about 1782), Scholz, and Burgon. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library (Vat. gr. 757), at Rome.
# Minuscule 143

Minuscule 143 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A $^{125}$ (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 275 thick parchment leaves (size 32 cm by 24.5 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 24 lines per page. Size of the text 19 cm by 10.5 cm. The large initial letters in gold.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each Gospel, and pictures. It contains a marginal commentary (Victor's on Mark).

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family K$^x$ in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20. It belongs to the textual cluster Ω.

## History

On the first leaf is read, it was presented to Paul IV, a Pope (1555–1559).
It was examined by Birch (about 1782) and Scholz. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886.
It is currently housed at the Vatican Library (Vat. gr. 1229), at Rome.
# Voiced retroflex trill

The voiced retroflex trill is not a single consonant quality but a sliding cluster sound within the time of a single segment. It has been reported in Toda and confirmed with laboratory measurements. Peter Ladefoged transcribes it with the IPA symbol that is normally associated with the retroflex flap, ⟨ɽ⟩. Although the tongue starts out in a subapical retroflex position, trilling involves the tip of the tongue and causes it to move forward to the alveolar ridge. Thus, the retroflex trill gives a preceding vowel retroflex coloration, like other retroflex consonants, but the vibration itself is not much different from an alveolar trill. Thus, the narrower transcription ⟨ɽr⟩ is also appropriate.
Wintu and Lardil are other languages with a reported (apico-)retroflex trill where the tongue apex "approaches" the hard palate, but it is not subapical, unlike in Toda. The trill has a retroflex flap allophone that occurs between vowels.
Several languages have been reported to have trilled retroflex affricates such as [ɳɖ͡ɽ̝] and [ʈ͡ɽ̝̊], including Mapudungun, Malagasy and Fijian. However, the exact articulation is seldom clear from descriptions.
In Fijian, for example, further investigation has revealed that the sound (written ⟨dr⟩) is seldom trilled but is usually realized as a postalveolar stop [n̠d̠] instead. In Mapudungun, the sound (written tr) is strongly retroflex, causing /l/ and /r/ following the subsequent vowel to become retroflex as well. The southern dialect varies between /ʈɽ/ and /ʈʂ/, but it is not clear whether the letter ⟨ɽ⟩ represents a trill or a non-sibilant fricative.

## Occurrence

| Language | Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
| Dutch | North Brabant | riem | [ɽrim] | 'belt' | A rare variant of /r/, which occurs almost exclusively word-initially. Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology |
| Dutch | North Holland | riem | [ɽrim] | 'belt' | A rare variant of /r/, which occurs almost exclusively word-initially. Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology |
| Toda | Toda | [kaɽr] | [kaɽr] | 'pen for calves' | Subapical. Toda contrasts plain and palatalized fronted alveolar, alveolar and retroflex trills. |
| Wintu | Wintu | boloy nor-toror | [boloj noɽr toɽoɽr] | '(ridge on a trail from Hayfork to Hyampom)' | Apico-postalveolar. Occurs [ɽ] when intervocalic. |
# Progressive Party of Coahuila

The Progressive Party of Coahuila or PRO is a regional political party founded in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila de Zaragoza on October 2, 2011 in the city of Palaú. The members of this party are popularly known as progressive. Its motto is "For a Progressive Coahuila". Participated for the first time in elections for mayors 2013.
The Progressive Party of Coahuila was initially formed by the fall of 2011, it was not until the summer of 2012 that formally began its registration as a political party before the Local Electoral Institute, finally getting it in March 2013.
Since its registration, the PRO is considered the ruling established opposition party in the state, during the elections for mayor in 2013, formed an alliance with the National Action Party in several municipalities including the capital.
# Condylorrhiza epicapna

Condylorrhiza epicapna is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1933. It is found in the former West Kasai and Orientale provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Compsolechia niobella

Compsolechia niobella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Cajetan Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil.
The wingspan is about 18 mm (0.71 in). The forewings are grey with an oblique streak of brown suffusion from the dorsum towards the base reaching two-thirds across the wing. The discal and dorsal areas are suffused brownish from one-third to near the termen, a suffused dark brown streak from the disc at one-third to the termen beneath the apex, below this a paler area posteriorly, brown streaks on veins 8-11 except towards the costa. The hindwings are dark grey, paler towards the base.
# Compsolechia mniocosma

Compsolechia mniocosma is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1922. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are moss green, whitish tinged towards the base, more bluish tinged towards the dorsum and termen and with a deep green dot near the base in the middle. There is a deep green rather oblique fasciate streak from the dorsum towards the base reaching more than half way across the wing, the posterior edge forming a triangular prominence on the fold, edged with white and continued as a suffused white line along the fold. The stigmata are obscurely deeper, with the discal approximated and the plical before the first discal. There is a fine white very oblique strigula from the costa at three-fourths and a streak of irregular white suffusion from the disc at three-fourths to the costa before the apex, beneath this an oval black spot almost at the apex. There are five white pre-terminal dots, between the second and third a fine black dash. The hindwings are dark fuscous, with a light grey expansible hair-pencil lying in the submedian groove.
# Lin Junde

Lin Junde (Chinese: 林俊德; pinyin: Lín Jùndé; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Chùn-tek; 13 March 1938 – 31 May 2012) was a Chinese explosion mechanics scientist and researcher at Xinjiang Malan Nuclear Test Base. He had spent 52 years working in the Gobi Desert in northwest China, participating in the nuclear tests there.
He held the rank of major general (shao jiang) in the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He was a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

## Biography

Lin was born in Jiefu Township of Yongchun County, Quanzhou, China on March 13, 1938. After graduating from Zhejiang University in 1960, he was assigned to study at PLA Military Institute of Engineering in Harbin, northeast China's Heilongjiang province. In May 1963 he was transferred to the PLA General Equipment Department, where he headed the development of pressure recorder for measuring nuclear explosion shock wave. From the explosion of China's first atomic bomb in 1964 to the last underground nuclear test in 1996, he participated in all 45 nuclear tests in China.
In 1993 he was promoted to the rank of major general (shao jiang).
In 2001 he was accepted as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
On May 31, 2012, he died of cholangiocarcinoma at the Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi. Before he died, he said: "I've only done one thing in my life, nuclear test. I'm very satisfied."
In February 2013, he was honored as one of the "Ten People Who Moved China".

## Personal life

In 1967 Lin married Huang Jianqin (Chinese: 黄建琴), who was his colleague at Xinjiang Malan Nuclear Test Base.

## Awards

* 1969 3rd Prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award
* 2013 Order of Heroic Exemplar for Distinguished Scientist (Devoted to the cause of National Defense Technology)
# Pronophila

Pronophila is a genus of butterflies from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. The species in the genus Pronophila occur in South America, including Peru, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Pronophila attali
* Pronophila bernardi
* Pronophila cordillera
* Pronophila colocasia
* Pronophila cuchillaensis
* Pronophila epidipnis
* Pronophila intercidona
* Pronophila isobelae – Isobel's butterfly, originally Pronophila benevola
* Pronophila juliani
* Pronophila margarita
* Pronophila obscura
* Pronophila orcus
* Pronophila rosenbergi
* Pronophila thelebe
* Pronophila timanthes
* Pronophila tremocrata
* Pronophila unifasciata
# Pronominal adverb

A pronominal adverb is a type of adverb occurring in a number of Germanic languages, formed in replacement of a preposition and a pronoun by turning the former into a prepositional adverb and the latter into a locative adverb, and finally joining them in reverse order.
For example:
* For that → therefor (not therefore)
* In that → therein
* By this → hereby
* To this → hereto
* In which → wherein

## Usage in English

In modern English, pronominal adverbs are most commonly encountered in literary registers or in legal usage. They are used frequently by lawyers and drafters of legal documents primarily as a way of avoiding the repetition of names of things in the document (or sometimes as a self-reference to the document itself). For this reason, pronominal adverbs are often seen as a type of legal jargon.

## Usage in Dutch

In Dutch, pronominal adverbs are very common and are almost mandatory in many situations; neglecting to use them often makes a phrase sound unnatural to native speakers. Dutch maintains a three-way distinction of reference in its demonstrative pronouns, with pronouns for things close by and far away, and a third pronoun that is unspecific for distance. This distinction is faithfully reflected in the use of pronominal adverbs, and other pronouns also often have a corresponding adverbial form.
| Pronoun | Pronoun + "met" | Meaning | Adverb | Adverb + "met" | Meaning |
| dat | met dat | with that | daar | daarmee | therewith |
| dit | met dit | with this | hier | hiermee | herewith |
| het | met het (very rare) | with it | er | ermee | therewith (unspecific) |
| wat | met wat | with what | waar | waarmee | wherewith |
| alles | met alles | with everything | overal | overal mee | everywhere with |
| iets | met iets | with something | ergens | ergens mee | somewhere with |
| niets | met niets | with nothing | nergens | nergens mee | nowhere with |