OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Napasorsuaq Fjord

Napasorsuaq Fjord or Napasorsuup Kangerlua (also known as 'Napassorssuaq Fjord' and 'Kangerdlugsuatsiak') is a fjord of the King Frederick VI Coast in the Sermersooq municipality, southeastern Greenland.

## Geography

Napasorsuaq Fjord's mouth is located between Puisortup Kangerlua to the north and Anorituup Kangerlua to the south. It extends in a roughly east–west direction for about 20 km, bending in a NW/SE direction for a further 15 km, then it bends again in a NE/SW direction for a further 7 km. To the east the fjord opens into the North Atlantic Ocean. At its head there are three large glaciers. The southern end of its mouth is at a point 16 km (9.9 mi) north of the island of Qulleq.
The northern side of the entrance of the fjord is Cape Daniel Rantzau, the SE headland of an irregularly-shaped coastal island located on the northern side of the mouth of the fjord —on the same island on which the Cape Cort Adelaer weather station stood. The island is separated from the mainland coast by the Tunua sound.

### Mountains

There are high mountains rising on both sides of the fjord towards the inner side. A peak at the head of the fjord rises steeply to a height of 1,473 m (4,833 ft) on the southern side above the glacier at 61°47′43″N 42°56′11″W﻿ / ﻿61.79528°N 42.93639°W﻿ / 61.79528; -42.93639. Further inland there is a massive 1,600-metre-high (5,200 ft) mountain located at 61°48′25″N 43°4′38″W﻿ / ﻿61.80694°N 43.07722°W﻿ / 61.80694; -43.07722 and 5 km further to the west a 1,800 m (5,900 ft) glacier-topped mountain at 61°47′52″N 43°10′22″W﻿ / ﻿61.79778°N 43.17278°W﻿ / 61.79778; -43.17278.
# Federation Day

Federation Day is a day in the Welsh school week when all the primary and secondary children come together in one unit. It is a solution for rural small schools in Wales.
# Bhavani Fonseka

Bhavani Fonseka is a constitutional lawyer and a prominent human rights lawyer and activist in Sri Lanka. She is a researcher and Attorney at Law in the Centre for Policy Alternatives. She is a member of the policy committee of Human Rights Watch. She was an advisor to the Consultation Task-force on human Rights and member to formulate the National Human Rights Action Plan in Sri Lanka. She is counsel in cases in the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. She did her bachelor's degree in law from the University of Bristol and her masters in law from the Denver University and masters in public administration from Harvard University.
Fonseka was a Mason Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School for the period 2013-2014. In 2015 she was selected to participate in the 2nd Women's Leadership Program Eisenhower Fellows.
# Rural Municipality of Mayfield No. 406

The Rural Municipality of Mayfield No. 406 (2016 population: 377) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 16 and SARM Division No. 6.

## History

The RM of Mayfield No. 406 incorporated as a rural municipality on December 13, 1909. The RM's name is a portmanteau of Maymont and Fielding.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

#### Villages

* Denholm
* Maymont
* Ruddell
The following unincorporated communities are within the RM.

#### Localities

* Fielding
* Lilac

## Glenburn Regional Park

Glenburn Regional Park (52°29′44″N 107°42′06″W﻿ / ﻿52.4956°N 107.7017°W﻿ / 52.4956; -107.7017) is a regional park in the RM of Mayfield on the north bank of North Saskatchewan River about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Maymont. The park is near the location of the former Maymont Ferry, which operated crossing the North Saskatchewan River from 1926 to 1975. Access to the park is from Highway 376.
The park has a campground with 61 campsites, ball diamonds, a 3-hole grass greens golf course, disc golf, a man-made swimming pool that is spring fed, access to the river, and hiking trails.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Mayfield No. 406 had a population of 391 living in 158 of its 172 total private dwellings, a change of 3.7% from its 2016 population of 377. With a land area of 780.54 km$^2$ (301.37 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.5/km$^2$ (1.3/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Mayfield No. 406 recorded a population of 377 living in 158 of its 172 total private dwellings, a -3.1% change from its 2011 population of 389. With a land area of 782.5 km$^2$ (302.1 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.5/km$^2$ (1.2/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The RM of Mayfield No. 406 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Wednesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Craig Hamilton while its administrator is Brenda Appleton. The RM's office is located in Maymont.
# William Warwick Buckland

William Warwick Buckland, FBA (11 June 1859 – 16 January 1946) was a scholar of Roman law, Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Cambridge from 1914 to 1945.

## Life

William Warwick Buckland was educated in France, at Hurstpierpoint College and the Crystal Palace School of Engineering. He entered Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1881, graduating in 1884 with a first in the Law Tripos. Elected a Fellow of Caius, he remained a Cambridge academic for the remainder of his life. In 1920 he became a Fellow of the British Academy. He received honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford, Edinburgh (1922), Harvard (1929), Lyon, Louvain and Paris. Among his best-known works on Roman law is A Textbook of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, which became a standard text.
He is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge.

## Works

* The Roman Law of Slavery: The Conditions of the Slave in Private Law from Augustus to Justinian (Cambridge: University Press, 1908)
* Equity in Roman Law: Lectures Delivered in the University of London, at the Request of the Faculty of Laws (London: University of London Press, 1911)
* Elementary Principles of Roman Private Law (Cambridge: University Press, 1912)
* A Textbook of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian. Cambridge: University Press. 1921 – via Internet Archive.
* A Manual of Roman Private Law (Cambridge: University Press, 1925)
* The Main Institutions of Roman Private Law (Cambridge: University Press, 1931)
* Roman Law and Common Law: A Comparison in Outline (Cambridge: University Press, 1936) (with the collaboration of Arnold D. McNair)
* Studies in the Glossators of the Roman Law: Newly Discovered Writings of the Twelfth Century (Cambridge: University Press, 1938) (edited and explained by Hermann F. Kantorowicz with the collaboration of W.W. Buckland)
* Some Reflections on Jurisprudence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1945. ISBN 9780208014078.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Duff, P. W.; Wilfrid E. Rumble (23 September 2004). "Buckland, William Warwick ((1859–1946)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32156. Retrieved 12 December 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* ↑ "Buckland, William Warwick (BKLT881WW)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
* ↑ Cf. The University of Edinburgh, Registry, Honorary Graduates of The University of Edinburgh: 1900-1949
* ↑ Cf. Harvard University Gazette, This month in Harvard history (Sept. 25, 1929)
* ↑ David M. Walker, The Oxford Companion to Law, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980, p. 156.
* ↑ Buckland, W.W., McNair, A.D., Roman Law and Common Law: A Comparison in Outline, 2d ed., revised by Lawson, F.H., Cambridge: University Press, 1965 (portions)
# Yttrialite

Yttrialite or Yttrialite-(Y) is a rare yttrium thorium sorosilicate mineral with formula: (Y,Th)$_2$Si$_2$O$_7$. It forms green to orange yellow masses with conchoidal fracture. It crystallizes in the monoclinic-prismatic crystal system. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 5.5 and a specific gravity of 4.58. It is highly radioactive due to the thorium content.
It is found associated with gadolinite. It was first described in 1889 for an occurrence in the Rode Ranch pegmatite on Baringer Hill, Llano County, Texas. It has also been reported from the Suishouyama pegmatite on Honshū, Japan, and from occurrences in Norway and Sweden.
# Pseudo-oxocarbon anion

In chemistry, the term pseudo-oxocarbon anion is used to refer to a negative ion that is conceptually derived from an oxocarbon anion through replacement of one or more of the basic oxygen atoms by chemically similar elements or functional groups, such as sulfur (S), selenium (Se), or dicyanomethylene (=C(CN)$_2$).
Typical examples are the anions 2-(Dicyanomethylene)croconate, croconate violet, and croconate blue, derived from the croconate anion C $_5$O$^{2−}$ $_5$ by replacing one, two, or three oxygen atoms by dicyanomethylene groups:
   | Croconate | 2-Dicyanomethylene- croconate | Croconate violet | Croconate blue |
These anions retain many of the properties of the parent, including the delocalized bond in the ring and the delocalized charge in the atoms attached to the ring. Similar anions can be obtained from squarate C $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_4$.
# Los Tojos

Los Tojos is a municipality located in the autonomous community of Cantabria, Spain.

## Localities

Its 449 inhabitants (INE, 2010) live in:
* Bárcena Mayor, 86 hab.
* Correpoco, 51 hab.
* Saja, 104 hab.
* El Tojo, 88 hab.
* Los Tojos (Capital), 120 hab.
# Cabbage soup (disambiguation)

Cabbage soup is a soup featuring cabbage. It may also refer to:
* Shchi, a cabbage soup of Eastern European origins
* La Soupe aux choux ('Cabbage Soup'), a French film
# Quebra-Anzol River

The Quebra-Anzol River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.
# Ferdinand Zirkel

Prof Ferdinand Zirkel FRS(For) HFRSE (20 May 1838 – 11 June 1912) was a German geologist and petrographer.

## Biography

Zirkel was born in Bonn. Educated in his native town, he graduated PhD from the University of Bonn in 1861. His training and initial interest was in mining. In 1860 he traveled to Iceland with William Thierry Preyer, and in 1862 they published Reise nach Island im Sommer 1860.
After graduation, Zirkel was engaged in teaching geology and mineralogy in Vienna at the Geological Institution. His journey to Iceland, along with travels to the Faeroe Islands, Scotland and England, and a meeting with Henry Clifton Sorby, led him from mining to the study of microscopical petrography, then a comparatively new science.
He became professor of geology in 1863 in the University of Lemberg, in 1868 at the University of Kiel, and in 1870 was made professor of mineralogy and geology in the University of Leipzig. He traveled for study in France, Italy, and Scotland; came to the United States in 1874 to examine the great collections of minerals made during the exploration of the fortieth degree of latitude; and in 1894-95 pursued scientific investigations in Ceylon and India.
He retired in 1909. He was an honorary D.Sc. of Oxford University, and also a foreign member of the Royal Society and an honorary member of the Mineralogical Society.

## Publications

His numerous papers and essays include Geologische Skizze van der Westküste Schottlands (1871); Die Struktur der Variolite (1875); Microscopical Petrography (in Report of U.S. Geol. Exploration of 40th Par., vol. vi., 1876); Limurit aus der Vallée de Lesponne (1879); Über den Zirkon (1880). His separate works include Lehrbuch der Petrographie (1866; 2nd ed. 1893, 1894); Die mikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Mineralien und Gesteine (1873); and Über Urausscheidungen rheinischer Basalte (1893).

## Recognition

* Mount Zirkel in the Park Range of Colorado, USA, is named after him.
* The mineral zirkelite is named after him.
* Dorsum Zirkel on the Moon is named after him.
# Nagare-zukuri

The nagare-zukuri (流造, streamlined roof style) or nagare hafu-zukuri (流破風造, streamlined gabled style) is a traditional Shinto shrine architectural style characterized by a very asymmetrical gabled roof (kirizuma-yane (切妻屋根)) projecting outwards on one of the non-gabled sides, above the main entrance, to form a portico (see photo). This is the feature which gives it its name. It is the most common style among shrines all over the country. That the building has its main entrance on the side which runs parallel to the roof's ridge (non gabled-side) makes it belong to the hirairi or hirairi-zukuri (平入・平入造) style.

## Design

Sometimes its basic layout, consisting of an elevated core (母屋, moya) partially surrounded by a veranda called hisashi (all under the same roof), is modified by the addition of a room in front of the entrance. A nagare-zukuri honden (sanctuary) varies in roof ridge length from 1 to 11 ken, but is never 6 or 8 ken. The most common sizes are 1 and 3 ken. The oldest shrine in Japan, Uji's Ujigami Shrine, has a honden of this type. Its external dimensions are 5x3 ken, but internally it is composed of three sanctuaries (内殿, naiden) measuring 1 ken each.

## Variation
### Ryōnagare-zukuri

Ryōnagare-zukuri (両流造, double streamlined roof style) is an evolution of the nagare-zukuri in which the roof flows down to form a portico on both non-gabled sides. Examples are the honden at Itsukushima Shrine and that at Matsunoo-taisha in Kyoto.

### Kasuga-zukuri and nagare-zukuri

While superficially completely different, the nagare-zukuri style actually shares an ancestry with the second most popular style in Japan, the kasuga-zukuri.
The two for example share pillars set over a double-cross-shaped foundation and a roof which extends over the main entrance, covering a veranda. (The Kasuga-zukuri is the only tsumairi style to possess this last feature.) The foundation's configuration is typical not of permanent, but of temporary shrines, built to be periodically moved. This shows that, for example, both the nagare-zukuri Kamo Shrine and Kasuga Taisha used to be dedicated to a mountain cult, and that they had to be moved to follow the movements of the kami.
The styles also share a veranda in front of the main entrance, which makes it likely they both evolved from a simple gabled roof.
# Kumanogawa Dam

Kumanogawa Dam is a gravity dam located in Toyama prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control, water supply and power production. The catchment area of the dam is 39.8 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 34 ha of land when full and can store 9100 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1970 and completed in 1984.
# Caltopia

Caltopia is a free, two-day college lifestyle festival that takes place annually at the University of California, Berkeley in the Recreational Sports Facility (RSF) and according to the organizers of the event is the largest college lifestyle festival in the United States.
The first Caltopia was started in 2003 as an opportunity to bring together local and national businesses, students, alumni, faculty, staff and community members from the Berkeley area. Each year approximately 100 sponsors and exhibitors and 30,000 students, faculty, and community supporters attend.
Since its inception, Caltopia has evolved into an annual rite of passage for Cal students to bond with friends, over food, games, and fun. Each year Caltopia is the first experience for new students who move into the Residence Halls and then head to Caltopia as the first event of Welcome Week. Additionally, Caltopia is often referred to as "The Two Greatest Days on Planet Earth" by its promoters and organizers.

## Naming

The name Caltopia combines the prefix 'Cal' derived from the abbreviation of California, as in University of California and the suffix 'topia' meaning in a place or location. However, Caltopia is strongly associated with connotations of a utopia of riches and opportunity characteristic of California.

## Numbering

Caltopia typically makes uses of Roman numerals rather than writing the year following Caltopia. As such, Caltopia VIII designates that Caltopia is entering its 8th year.
# William Warrender

Rear Admiral William Jonathan Warrender CBE (born 28 November 1968) is a former Royal Navy officer who served as Flag Officer Sea Training.

## Education

He was educated at the Royal Naval Engineering College and completed an MA in Defence Studies from King's College London.

## Naval career

Warrender joined the Royal Navy in the late 1980s. He served as commanding officer of the minesweeper HMS Chiddingfold, the minesweeper HMS Cattistock, the frigate HMS Argyll and the frigate HMS Montrose before taking command of the destroyer HMS Dauntless in April 2011. He went on to become Assistant Head of UK Military Operations at the Ministry of Defence in January 2013, Commander, United Kingdom Maritime Component, Persian Gulf in March 2015. He became Flag Officer Sea Training in June 2018. Warrender retired from the Royal Navy on 28 July 2020.
On 11 May 2018, he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in the field during the period 1 April 2017 to 30 September 2017".

## Later life

On 19 February 2020 it was announced that he had been appointed CEO of South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust with effect from June 2020. In September 2023 it was announced that he had resigned his position at South Western Ambulance Service.
# 1804 in birding and ornithology

The year 1804 in birding and ornithology.

## Events

* Jean Hermann ( Johannis Hermann) published Observationes Zoologicae : quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur Argentorati : Amandum Koenig
* Pope Pius VII established Gabinetto di Zoologia dell'Università Pontificia a natural history museum in Rome.
* Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon's Histoire naturelle générale et particulière commenced in 1749, completed, sixteen years after his death. It was translated into many European languages and in various forms as Suites à Buffon. Nine of the volumes are devoted to birds.
* Frédéric Cuvier begins Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des differens Êtres de la Nature ...Par plusiers Professors du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle et des autres principales Écoles de Paris. Strasbourg (Levrault)Paris (Le Normant) 1804, 1805–1806 suspended until 1816

## Ornithologists
### Births

* Hermann Schlegel (10 June 1804 – 17 January 1884)
# Yuichi Takahashi (athlete)

Yuichi Takahashi (高橋 勇市, Takahashi Yūichi) is a Paralympian athlete from Japan competing mainly in category T11 long-distance events.
Yuichi took part in the 5000m, 10000m and marathon in the 2004 Summer Paralympics winning the T11 marathon. In the 2008 Summer Paralympics he attempted to defend this title but only managed to finish 16th.
# Yuliya Tarasenko

Yuliya Tarasenko or Yulia Tarasenko may refer to
* Yuliya Tarasenko (orienteer) (born 1984), Russian ski-orienteering athlete
* Yuliya Tarasenko (gymnast) (born 1985), Belarusian gymnast
# Ring of Fire Studios

Ring of Fire Studios is a digital effects and design company located in Venice, California. Launched in 1996, the company focuses on commercial advertising work but also does visual effects, animation and pre-visualization for features, television, music videos and live events.
Nike, GEICO, Adidas, T-Mobile, UPS, Mercedes and Bud Light are among their advertising clients, and some of the agencies they work with are Wieden + Kennedy, The Martin Agency, TBWA\Chiat\Day, Ogilvy + Mather, Goodby Silverstein & Partners and BBDO Worldwide.
Ring of Fire has done feature film work for Warner Bros., Fox and Paramount. They worked on the 2008 release The Bucket List directed by Rob Reiner and on Gigantic, an independent feature directed by Matt Aselton, one of the top comedy commercial directors in advertising, and the movie stars Paul Dano, John Goodman, and Zooey Deschanel.
Ring of Fire partners and owners, Creative Director Jerry Spivack and Executive Producer John Myers, lead the company, overseeing a staff of visual effects artists, animators, supervisors and producers.

## Ring of Fire selected filmography

* Gigantic (2008)
* The Bucket List (2008)
* Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004)
* Spider-Man 2 (2004)
* The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
* Alex & Emma (2003)
* Highwaymen (2003)

## External links and sources

* Official website
# Rivula tanitalis

Rivula tanitalis is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Hans Rebel in 1912. It is found in Morocco, Egypt, Algeria, Malta, Crete, Greece, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Israel.
The species is usually found in oases.
There are several generations per year.
# Rick Barot

Rick Barot (born February 19, 1969) is an American poet and educator.

## Life

Barot was born in the Philippines, grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area, and attended Wesleyan University and the Iowa Writers Workshop.
He has published three books of poetry with Sarabande Books: The Darker Fall (2002), which received the Kathryn A. Morton Prize; Want (2008), which was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award and won the 2009 Grub Street Book Prize; and Chord (2015), which was a finalist for the LA Times Book Prize and received the 2016 UNT Rilke Prize, the PEN Open Book Award, and the Publishing Triangle's Thom Gunn Award. He has received fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Artist Trust of Washington, the Civitella Ranieri Foundation, and Stanford University, where he was a Stegner Fellow and a Jones Lecturer in Poetry.
Barot is the poetry editor of New England Review. He lives in Tacoma, Washington, and teaches at Pacific Lutheran University. He is also the director of the Rainier Writing Workshop, the low-residency MFA in creative writing at Pacific Lutheran University. He previously taught at the low-residency MFA at Warren Wilson College. His fourth book of poems, The Galleons, was published by Milkweed Editions in 2020.
# Diamidophosphate

Diamidophosphate (DAP) is the simplest phosphorodiamidate ion, with formula PO$_2$(NH$_2$)$_2$$^−$. It is a phosphorylating ion and was first used for the phosphorylation of sugars in aqueous medium. DAP has attracted interest in the area of primordial chemistry.

## Salts

Several salts of the formula MPO$_2$(NH$_2$)$_2$(H$_2$O)$_x$ are known.
* The sodium salt can be made by base hydrolysis of phenyl phosphorodiamidate. It crystallises as a hexahydrate. It can be dehydrated.
* The silver salt AgPO$_2$(NH$_2$)$_2$ can react using double decomposition with bromides forming other salts.
* The potassium dithiophosphate salt KPO$_2$(NH$_2$)$_2$ is also known.
* Phosphorodiamidic acid crystallizes as a trihydrate.

## Reactions

Heating anhydrous sodium diamidophosphate causes polymerization:
* At 160 °C, Na$_2$P$_2$O$_4$(NH)(NH$_2$)$_2$, Na$_3$P$_3$O$_6$(NH)$_2$(NH$_2$)$_2$, Na$_4$P$_4$O$_8$(NH)$_3$(NH$_2$)$_2$, Na$_5$P$_5$O$_{10}$(NH)$_4$(NH$_2$)$_2$ and Na$_6$P$_6$O$_{12}$(NH)$_5$(NH$_2$)$_2$ are produced. These substances contain P-N-P backbones. These can be separated by paper chromatography.
* At 200 °C the hexa-phosphate is produced.
* At 250 °C the typical chain length is 18.
Heating hydrated salts induces the loss of ammonia to form oligophosphates and polyphosphates.
Diamidophosphate inhibits urease enzymes by blocking up the active site, binding to two nickel centers. Diamidophosphate mimics the urea hydrolysis intermediate.
Diamidophosphate is tribasic, and the amine groups may also lose hydrogen to form more metallic salts. With silver, further reactions can yield explosive salts: tetrasilver orthodiamidophosphate (AgO)$_3$P(NH$_2$)NHAg, and pentasilver orthodiamidophosphate (AgO)$_3$P(NHAg)$_2$.

### Organic esters and amides

Numerous organic derivatives are known. One example is phenyl phosphorodiamidate.

### Reactions with nucleosides

DAP phosphorylates deoxynucleosides (the building blocks of DNA, and at the same time initiates polymerization to make DNA. DAP facilitates the synthesis of larger RNA sequences (ribozymes) from smaller RNA strands. Other nitrogenous derivatives of phosphorus derivatives have also been proposed in this context in a review article.