OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dhanauli

Dhanauli is a census town in Agra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Demographics

According to 2011 Indian Census, Dhanauli had a total population of 28,990, of which 15,553 were males and 13,437 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 4,820. The total number of literates in Dhanauli was 15,486, which constituted 53.4% of the population with male literacy of 62.5% and female literacy of 43.0%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Dhanauli was 64.1%, of which male literacy rate was 75.0% and female literacy rate was 51.5%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 17,145 and 41 respectively. Dhanauli had 4630 households in 2011.
As of 2001 India census, Dhanauli had a population of 23,475. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Dhanauli has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79% and, female literacy is 55%. In Dhanauli, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Billy McConnell (field hockey)

Billy McConnell (born 19 April 1956) is a former field hockey player from Northern Ireland who represented both Ireland and Great Britain at international level. He represented Great Britain at the 1984 Summer Olympics when they won the bronze medal. He also represented Ireland at the 1990 Men's Hockey World Cup.

## Domestic teams

McConnell played club field hockey for Newry Olympic, Belfast YMCA and Holywood 87.

## International
### Ireland

McConnell was a member of the Ireland team that were silver medallists at the 1978 EuroHockey Junior Championship. Other members of the team included Martin Sloan, Jimmy Kirkwood and Stephen Martin. He made his senior Ireland debut in 1979 against the Netherlands. He subsequently represented Ireland at the 1990 Men's Hockey World Cup. In 2010 he was inducted into the Irish Hockey Association Hall of Fame.

### Great Britain

McConnell represented Great Britain at the 1984 Summer Olympics. McConnell also represented Great Britain in Champions Trophy tournaments, winning a bronze medal in 1984 and a silver in 1985.
| Tournaments | Place | Team |
| 1978 EuroHockey Junior Championship | | Ireland |
| 1984 Summer Olympics | | Great Britain |
| 1984 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy | | Great Britain |
| 1985 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy | | Great Britain |
| 1986 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy | 4th | Great Britain |
| 1987 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy | 4th | Great Britain |
| 1989 Intercontinental Cup | | Ireland |
| 1990 Men's Hockey World Cup | 12th | Ireland |

## Later years

Between 2007 and 2010 McConnell coached Pegasus. At the time, the Pegasus squad included his daughter, Kate McConnell. Kate was an Ireland women's field hockey international and in 2010–11 was a member of the Pegasus team that won a Women's Irish Hockey League/Irish Senior Cup. She also captained Pegasus. Billy McConnell has also coached at Queen's University.
# Neotibicen lyricen

Neotibicen lyricen, the lyric cicada, is a species of cicada in the family Cicadidae.

## Subspecies

These three subspecies belong to the species Neotibicen lyricen:
* Neotibicen lyricen engelhardti (Davis & W.T., 1910)$^{gb}$ (dark lyric cicada)
* Neotibicen lyricen lyricen$^{gb}$ (lyric cicada)
* Neotibicen lyricen virescens (Davis, 1935)$^b$ (coastal lyric cicada)
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Louis Treumann

Louis Treumann (born Alois Pollitzer, 3 March 1872 – 5 March 1943) was an Austrian actor and operetta tenor.
Treumann and his wife spent their last few months in a German concentration camp, dying a few months apart.
Born in Vienna, Treumann was the son of Jewish merchants. He spent his twenties working backstage and in smaller roles, before achieving his breakthrough in 1902 in Franz Lehár's Der Rastelbinder [de] opposite Mizzi Günther.
In 1905 he created the role of Count Danilo Danilovitsch in Lehár's Die lustige Witwe (The Merry Widow).
During the second half of the 1920s he appeared in several silent films, such as Der Rastelbinder (1927), Flucht in die Fremdenlegion (1929), Spiel um den Mann (1929), Trust der Diebe (1929), Katharina Knie (1929) and Die Warschauer Zitadelle (1930). During the 1930s, as a Jew, his opportunities to perform suffered, and his final appearance was in 1935.
In 1942 he was arrested and taken to a transit camp. His colleague, the actor Theo Lingen was able to get him released, but soon afterwards he was arrested again. He was repeatedly scheduled for transport to a concentration camp, each time saved by influential friends such as Franz Lehár. However on 28 July 1942, aged 70 years old, Treumann was finally deported to Theresienstadt together with his wife Stefanie. She died just two months later, and her death plunged Treumann into a deep depression. A few months later, on 5 March 1943, still in the Theresienstadt concentration camp, he too died.
In 1955, Treumanngasse in Vienna's Hietzing district was named after him.

## Recordings

* Franz Lehár, "O Vaterland, du machst bei Tag" from The Merry Widow. Louis Treumann and Orchestra, cond. Franz Hampe (1906) (MP3; 1.3 MB)
* Franz Lehár, "Lippen schweigen" from The Merry Widow. Mizzi Günther, Louis Treumann and Orchestra, cond. Franz Hampe (1906) (MP3; 1.7 MB)
# Frere, South Africa

Frere is a town in Inkosi Langalibalele Local Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The city is named for Sir Henry Bartle Frere, Governor of Cape Colony from 1877 to 1880. The city was for a time the headquarters of Sir Redvers Buller during the Second Boer War. The town is 25 km east of Winterton.

## Sources

* Erasmus, B.P.J. (1995). Op Pad in Suid-Afrika. Jonathan Ball Uitgewers. ISBN 1-86842-026-4.
# Lobophytum altum

Lobophytum altum is a species of the genus Lobophytum.
# George Gardner

George Gardner may refer to:
* George R. Gardner (1837–1897), American politician
* George Gardner (coach) (1898–1974), American football and basketball coach
* George Gardner (botanist) (1810–1849), Scottish naturalist
* George Gardner (ice hockey) (1942–2006), Canadian goaltender
* George Washington Gardner (1778–1838), whaleship captain, member of the Gardner whaling family
* George Gardiner (boxer) (1877–1954), American boxer, also known as George Gardner
* George Gardner (priest) (1853–1925), English Anglican priest
* George Gardiner (settler) (1608/1615–1677), founding settler of Newport, Rhode Island, also known as George Gardner
* George W. Gardner (1834–1911), 28th and 30th mayor of Cleveland
# Rupert Beale

Rupert Noel Beale (24 December 1889 – 28 September 1942) was an Australian politician and an Independent member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for 16 months from May 1941 until his death.

## Early life

Beale was born in Summer Hill, New South Wales, and was the son of a builder. He was educated to secondary level and was a qualified carpenter. Between 1910 and 1915, Beale was involved in a large number of enterprises including being an auctioneer, real estate agent and business broker. He was a dairy farmer in Aberdeen, New South Wales, from 1916 until he was bankrupted in 1922. He was not discharged from his bankruptcy until 1940. In the 1920s and 1930s he was a hotel manager in Newcastle, Sydney and the South Coast of New South Wales. He also had a real estate agency in 1934. He lived permanently on the South Coast after 1935. Interested in local government, Beale was elected as an alderman at various times for Aberdeen Municipal Council, now part of Upper Hunter Shire, and the Municipality of Kiama.

## State Parliament

Beale had been unsuccessful as an Independent candidate against the Speaker, Daniel Levy, for the Woollahra seat at the 1935 state election. He eventually entered parliament as the Independent member for South Coast after he won the seat at the 1941 state election. This was a surprise result, as South Coast was considered a safe conservative seat. Beale defeated the incumbent United Australia Party (UAP) member Henry Bate, who had been the member since 1927, by 39 votes (0.15%). Bate had been a supporter of Bertram Stevens during the UAP's leadership struggles and consequently received little support from the party after Stevens was deposed and replaced by Alexander Mair.
Beale was a very active member in parliament, particularly supporting South Coast dairy farmers and the ship building industry. He also called for inquiries into police corruption related to illegal gambling and into wastage in the wheat industry.
In September 1942, Beale died suddenly of a heart attack at age 53 after being in parliament for only 16 months. The Premier, William McKell, said that Beale's method of attacking political problems was unorthodox but that no one ever doubted his sincerity and he was untiring in his efforts for his constituents. Beale did not hold parliamentary or ministerial office. His son, Jack Beale, was elected to replace him in the South Coast seat.
# Philip Dunne

Philip Dunne or Dunn may refer to:
* Philip Dunne (Stalybridge and Hyde MP) (1904–1965), Unionist MP 1935–1937
* Philip Dunne (writer) (1908–1992), Hollywood screenwriter and director
* Philip Dunne (Ludlow MP) (born 1958), British Conservative Party politician, Member of Parliament from 2005 until 2024
* Philip Dunn (racewalker) (born 1971), American race walker
* Sir Philip Dunn, 2nd Baronet (1905–1976), of the Dunn baronets
# Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis

The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis converts alkyl or aryl thiocyanates to thiocarbamates under acidic conditions, followed by hydrolysis with ice water. The reaction was discovered by the German chemist Randolph Riemschneider [de] in 1951 as a more efficient method to produce thiocarbamates. Some references spell the name Riemenschneider.
The Riemschneider reaction can also be used to create the corresponding N-substituted thiocarbamate from an alcohol or alkene.

## Mechanism

The mechanism for the conversion of an alcohol to the N-substituted thiocarbamate is shown below. The reaction proceeds under acidic conditions. The alcohol accepts a hydrogen ion from sulfuric acid to form a water, which then leaves, creating a carbocation. The mesomeric form of the cyanogroup reacts with the carbocation. The carbocation is attacked by a water, which then loses an hydrogen to form the product. The product then undergoes hydrolysis to form the N-substituted thiocarbamate.
The reaction requires the formation of a carbocation and does not work for primary alcohols. Only secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo the Riemschneider reaction.

## Uses and Limitations

The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis for aromatic compounds does not work efficiently for ortho-substituted compounds such as ortho-carboxy, ortho-methoxy or ortho-nitro derivative compounds. The reaction is also not as efficient for compounds that are sensitive to concentrated acid, such as thiocyanophenols. The reaction works well for other compounds. Various thiocyanate compounds underwent the Riemschneider synthesis to form thiocarbamates, and all had melting points similar to the predicted value.
# Cardiovascular drift

Cardiovascular drift (CVD, CV$_{drift}$) is the phenomenon where some cardiovascular responses begin a time-dependent change, or "drift", after around 5–10 minutes of exercise in a warm or neutral environment 32 °C (90 °F)+ without an increase in workload. It is characterized by decreases in mean arterial pressure and stroke volume and a parallel increase in heart rate. It has been shown that a reduction in stroke volume due to dehydration is almost always due to the increase in internal temperature. It is influenced by many factors, most notably the ambient temperature, internal temperature, hydration and the amount of muscle tissue activated during exercise. To promote cooling, blood flow to the skin is increased, resulting in a shift in fluids from blood plasma to the skin tissue. This results in a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure and reduced stroke volume in the heart. To maintain cardiac output at reduced pressure, the heart rate must be increased.
Effects of cardiovascular drift are mainly focused around a higher rate of perceived effort (RPE); that is, a person will feel like they are expending more energy when they are not. This creates a mental block that can inhibit performance greatly.
Cardiovascular drift is characterized by a decrease stroke volume and mean arterial pressure during prolonged exercise. A reduction in stroke volume is the decline in the volume of blood the heart is circulating, reducing the heart’s cardiac output. The stroke volume is reduced due to loss of fluids in the body, reducing the volume of blood in the body. This leads the increase in heart rate to compensate for the reduced cardiac output during exercise. This inefficient cardiac output leads to a decrease in the maximum amount of oxygen used by the body – VO$_{2Max}$. This affects exercise performance by reducing the amount of oxygen that is delivered to the muscles during exercise.

## Prevention and minimization

Prevention or minimization of cardiovascular drift includes consistently replacing fluids and maintaining electrolyte balance during exercise, acclimatization to the environment in which one is performing, and weight training to supplement cardiovascular efforts. Fluid intake can reduce cardiovascular drift during periods of sustained exercise, but maintains VO2 max levels. Vascular function and blood pressure can be negatively affected if dehydration occurs. Short term exercise in extreme heat conditions negatively affects VO2 max levels. Exercise over a longer period of time allows the body to acclimate, minimizing cardiovascular drift.
# Knot operation

In knot theory, a knot move or operation is a change or changes which preserve crossing number. Operations are used to investigate whether knots are equivalent, prime or reduced.
Knot moves or operations include the flype, Habiro move, Markov moves (I. conjugation and II. stabilization), pass move, Perko move, and Reidemeister moves (I. twist move, II. poke move, and III. slide move).
# Pinner triazine synthesis

The Pinner triazine synthesis describes the preparation of 2-hydroxyl-4,6-diaryl-s-triazines by reaction of aryl amidines and phosgene. This reaction may be extended to halogenated aliphatic amidines.
This reaction was first reported by Adolf Pinner in 1890
# Salmo 150

Salmo 150 (Psalm 150) is a psalm setting by Ernani Aguiar. He wrote the composition, setting Psalm 150 in Latin for unaccompanied choir, in 1975. The short work was published by Earthsongs in the U.S. in 1993, and achieved international popularity.

## History

Psalm 150, the final psalm of the Book of Psalms, calls to praise God in music, listing nine types of instruments. It is also called "the musicians' psalm". It has inspired composers such as Anton Bruckner, Cesar Franck and Igor Stravinsky, and Benjamin Britten.
The Brazilian composer Ernani Aguiar, who has been active also as conductor, professor, and musicologist, composed Salmo 150 in 1975 for choir a cappella, as a setting in Latin of Psalm 150, beginning "Laudate Dominum in sanctis eius". It was published by the U.S. publisher Earthsongs in 1993, edited by Maria Guinand, in two versions, for mixed choir (SATB) and for high voices (SSA). The work, which takes about 1 1/2 minutes to perform, became one of Aguiar's most popular compositions, described as likely the most frequently performed choral work from Brazil in the U.S..

## Music

The composition in one movement is in 12/8 time and marked Allegro con brio. The music has been described as rhythmic and energetic.

## Performance and recording

Salmo 150 was part of a 2008 album of Christmas Music, Lux Beatissima, sung by the Constant chamber choir conducted by Harald Jers [de]. Andreas Reize, Bach's 18th successor as Thomaskantor conducting the Thomanerchor, chose Salmo 150 as the opening piece for the choir's concert as part of the choral festival Deutsches Chorfest 2022 at the Thomaskirche and broadcast by Deutschlandfunk. It opened also his first summer program with the choir, called Salmo!. It was presented at the Thomaskirche, and on a tour to the Merseburg Cathedral and at the Lutherkirche in Wiesbaden as part of the Rheingau Musik Festival, among others.
# Ochraceous bulbul

The ochraceous bulbul (Alophoixus ochraceus) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found from Southeast Asia to Sumatra. It is usually found in the mid-storey of broad-leaved evergreen and rainforests up to 1500 metres elevation.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The ochraceous bulbul was originally described in the genus Criniger until moved to the genus Alophoixus in 2009. Alternate names for the ochraceous bulbul include the brown white-throated bulbul and ochraceous bearded-bulbul.

### Subspecies

Six subspecies are recognized:
* A. o. hallae - (Deignan, 1956): Found in southern Vietnam
* A. o. cambodianus - (Delacour & Jabouille, 1928): Found in eastern Thailand and south-western Cambodia
* A. o. ochraceus - (Moore, F, 1854): Found in southern Myanmar and south-western Thailand
* A. o. sordidus - (Richmond, 1900): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Criniger. Found on central Malay Peninsula
* A. o. sacculatus - (Robinson, 1915): Found on southern Malay Peninsula
* A. o. sumatranus - (Wardlaw-Ramsay, RG, 1882): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Criniger. Found in western Sumatra
# Rue Victor Hugo

Rue Victor Hugo may refer to several streets in Francophone countries named after Victor Hugo:

## Algeria

* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Algiers.

## Belgium

* Rue Victor Hugo in Schaerbeek (Brussels)

## France
### Avenues

* Avenue Victor-Hugo in Aix-en-Provence
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Aubervilliers
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Bagneux
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Boulogne-Billancourt
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Bourg-la-Reine
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Clamart
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Fontenay-sous-Bois
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Neuilly-Plaisance
* Avenue Victor-Hugo in Paris
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Noisy-le-Sec
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Pavillons-sous-Bois
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Rodez
* Avenue Victor-Hugo in Saint-Nazaire
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Saint-Mandé
* Avenue Victor-Hugo in Valence
* Avenue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Vanves

### Boulevards

* Boulevard Victor-Hugo [fr] in Clichy
* Boulevard Victor-Hugo [fr] in Lille
* Boulevard Victor-Hugo in Montpellier
* Boulevard Victor-Hugo [fr] in Nantes
* Boulevard Victor-Hugo [fr] in Neuilly-sur-Seine
* Boulevard Victor-Hugo in Nice
* Boulevard Victor-Hugo [fr] in Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine
* Boulevard Victor-Hugo in Strasbourg

### Dead ends

* Impasse Victor-Hugo in Caen
* Impasse Victor-Hugo in Roanne
* Impasse Victor-Hugo in Saint-Cyr-l'École
* Impasse Victor-Hugo in Toul

### Places

* Place Victor-Hugo [fr] of Besançon
* Place Victor-Hugo [fr] of Courbevoie
* Place Victor-Hugo [fr] of Grenoble
* Place Victor-Hugo [fr] of Paris
* Place Victor-Hugo [fr] of Toulouse

### Streets

* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Bagnolet
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Besançon
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Bois-Colombes
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Carcassonne
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Charenton-le-Pont
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Courbevoie
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Deauville
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Issy-les-Moulineaux
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Levallois-Perret
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Lisieux
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Lyon
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Malakoff
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Mont-de-Marsan
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Pantin
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Pau
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Périgueux
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Rouen
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Toulouse
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Tours
* Rue Victor-Hugo in Sarcelles
* Rue Victor-Hugo [fr] in Vienne

## Luxembourg

* Avenue Victor-Hugo in Luxembourg City
# List of National Natural Landmarks in Puerto Rico

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
From List of National Natural Landmarks, these are the National Natural Landmarks in Puerto Rico. There are 5 in total.
| | Name | Date | Location | Municipality | Ownership | Description |
| 1 | Baño de Oro Natural Area | 1980 | 18°18′29″N 65°45′42″W﻿ / ﻿18.3080090°N 65.7615515°W﻿ / 18.3080090; -65.7615515 | Río Grande | Federal (United States Forest Service) | The only contiguous area in Puerto Rico that contains subtropical wet forest, rain forest, dwarf forest, and Pterocarpus. Part of El Yunque National Forest. |
| 2 | Cabo Rojo | 1980 | 17°56′01.2″N 67°11′31.9″W﻿ / ﻿17.933667°N 67.192194°W﻿ / 17.933667; -67.192194 | Cabo Rojo | Territorial (Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources) | An excellent example of a tombolo with two sand spits. |
| 3 | Mona and Monito Islands | 1975 | 18°5′5.2″N 67°51′4.4″W﻿ / ﻿18.084778°N 67.851222°W﻿ / 18.084778; -67.851222 | Mayagüez | Territorial (Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources) | Caves on these islands are some of the most extensive flank margin caves in the world. |
| 4 | Puerto Mosquito | 1980 | 18°06′07″N 65°26′45″W﻿ / ﻿18.10194°N 65.44583°W﻿ / 18.10194; -65.44583 | Vieques | Territorial (Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources) | Considered the best example of a bioluminescent bay in the United States. |
| 5 | Río Abajo State Forest | 1980 | 18°20′23″N 66°41′59″W﻿ / ﻿18.33972°N 66.69972°W﻿ / 18.33972; -66.69972 | Utuado | Territorial (Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources) | An excellent example of karst topography with numerous sinkholes and well-developed tower karst. |
# Acqua pazza (food)

The term acqua pazza (Italian:; lit. 'crazy water') is used in Italian cuisine to refer to a recipe for poached white fish, or to simply refer to the lightly herbed broth used to poach it. There are many different variations of this sauce, from light broths, to thick tomato based sauces, which have been found on all types of seafood (not just the traditional white fish) and even chicken. This dish is comparable to other Italian dishes, such as cacciucco and guazzetto.

## Origin

While the dish originated from fishermen of the Neapolitan area, who would sauté the catch of the day in seawater together with tomatoes and extra virgin olive oil, the term itself most probably originated from Tuscany; mezzadria peasants would make wine but had to give most to the landlord, leaving little left for them to drink. The peasants were resourceful, however, and mixed the stems, seeds, and pomace left over from the wine production with large quantities of water, brought it to a boil, then hermetically sealed it in a terracotta vase and fermented it for several days. Called "l'acquarello" or "l'acqua pazza", the result was a water barely colored with wine, which the fisherman may have been reminded of when seeing the broth of the dish, colored slightly red by the tomatoes and oil.
Acqua pazza became a very popular dish with tourists on Capri island in the 1960s.

## Ingredients

Aside from the white fish (bass, cod, halibut, sea bream, sea bass, sea perch, etc.), the standard ingredients are:
* pomodorini (cherry tomatoes)
* water
* salt
* olive oil (preferably extra virgin)
However, a large variety of other ingredients can be used and substituted—for instance red snapper, shrimp, or even Maine lobster instead of white fish; vegetables such as garlic, celery, carrots and scallions; and herbs and spices such as pepper, capers, bay leaves, olives, parsley, fennel and lemon. Some recipes also call for bread (for dipping in the broth).

## Other uses

Many restaurants, such as the Acqua Pazza in San Marco, known for seafood and neapolitan pizzas, and Acqua Pazza in Bologna, which specializes in seafoods and sauces, either share the name with or are named after this dish.