OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1894 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1894.

## Archosauromorphs
### Newly named pseudosuchians

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Ornithosuchus | Valid taxon | Newton | | Late Triassic (Carnian) | Lossiemouth Sandstone | Scotland | An ornithosuchid. | Ornithosuchus |

### Newly named dinosaurs

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images | Images |
| Dryosaurus | Valid | Othniel Charles Marsh | | Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) | Morrison Formation | Portugal  United States ( Colorado and Wyoming) | A dryosaurid. New genus for "Laosaurus" altus Marsh (1878). | Dryosaurus | |
| Hortalotarsus | Jr. synonym | Harry Govier Seeley | | Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) | | | Junior subjective synonym of Massospondylus. | | |

## Plesiosaurs
### New taxa

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Location | Images |
| Cymatosaurus | Valid | Fritsch | | Austria  Germany  Netherlands  Poland | |

## Pterosaurs
### New taxa

| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Notes |
| "Campylognathus" | Valid | Plieninger | | preoccupied name; now known as Campylognathoides |

## Synapsids
### Non-mammalian

| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Location | Notes | Images |
| Thrinaxodon | Valid | Seeley | 248 Millions of years ago | Antarctica  South Africa | One of the earliest cynodonts. | Thrinaxodon |
# Mohamed Brahimi

Mohamed Brahimi may refer to:
* Mohamed Brahimi (footballer, born 1970), Algerian footballer
* Mohamed Brahimi (footballer, born 1998), French footballer
# Leon Dubus

Leon Dubus (18 February 1894 – 19 October 1981) was a French philatelist who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1957.
# Collateral valuation adjustments

Collateral valuation adjustment (ColVA) or appraisal subordination entitlement reduction (ASER) are commercial mortgage-backed security structuring innovations designed to improve overall transaction credit quality. Collateral valuation adjustments were created in response to rating agency concerns that, without such an adjustment, cash flow from mortgage loans likely to default would be paid to the first-loss class. The rationale behind appraisal reductions is to support proactively the credit rating of senior CMBS tranches by reducing cash-flow payments to the subordinate tranches.
# Rajendra cingulata

Rajendra cingulata is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1910. It is found in India.
# Katia Benth

Katia Benth (born 16 November 1975 in Cayenne) is a retired sprinting athlete from French Guiana, who represented France in international competitions.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing France and French Guiana ||||||
| 1997 | World Student Games | Catania, Italy | 3rd | 100 m | 11.35 |
| 1997 | World Student Games | Catania, Italy | 2nd | 200 m | 23.31 |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 5th | 100m | 11.56 (wind: +1.6 m/s) |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 3rd | 200m | 23.19 (wind: +1.7 m/s) |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | — | 4 × 100 m relay | DNF |
| 1998 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 1st | 4 × 100 m | 42.59 |
| 1999 | World Championships | Seville, Spain | 2nd | 4 × 100 m | 42.06 |
| 1999 | World Student Games | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 2nd | 100 m | 11.23 |
| 1999 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Bridgetown, Barbados | 1st | 100 m | 11.47 |
| 1999 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Bridgetown, Barbados | 1st | 200 m | 22.87 |
# Lagonibelus

Lagonibelus is a genus of belemnite, an extinct group of cephalopods.
# Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of gastroenterology and hepatology. It was established in 2007 and is published by Informa.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts
* Current Contents/Clinical Medicine
* EMBASE/Excerpta Medica
* EMCare
* MEDLINE/Index Medicus/PubMed
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
* Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.991.
# 1894 in rail transport

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1894.

## Events
### January events

* January 1 – Bangor and Aroostook Railroad begins rail service connecting Aroostook County, Maine to the United States rail network.

### April events

* April 29 – The Lake Street Elevated Railroad in Chicago is extended west from California & Lake to Laramie (52nd) Avenue.

### May events

* May 11 – 3,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company go on strike to protest lowered wages without an equivalent reduction in expenses charged in the company town, Pullman, Illinois (a suburb of Chicago).

### July events

* July 7 – The Wichita Falls Railway, a predecessor of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad, is incorporated in Texas.
* July 15 – Central Pacific Railroad scraps El Gobernador, at the time the largest locomotive in the world.

### August events

* August 4 – The Denver, Leadville and Gunnison Railway in Colorado, which purchased the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad five years earlier, enters receivership.
* August 7 – The West Highland Railway, operated by the North British Railway, is publicly opened to Fort William, Scotland.
* August 27 – Pontiac Pacific Junction Railway opens the segment between Fort-Coulonge and Waltham, Quebec, a line segment that was completed in February 1888.

### October events

* October – Mur Valley Railway opens in Austria with the first class U 0-6-2T.

### November events

* November – Eben B. Thomas succeeds John King as president of the Erie Railroad.
* November 7 – The Southern Pacific Railroad inaugurates the Sunset Express passenger train between New Orleans and San Francisco.

### December events

* December 22 – The Chelford rail accident in England kills 14.

### Unknown date events

* The Southern Railway is formed from the combination of the Richmond and Danville Railroad system and the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad.
* Stearns Manufacturing Company of Erie, Pennsylvania, starts manufacturing Heisler locomotives.
* Oliver Robert Hawke Bury moves from the Chief mechanical engineer position at the Great Western Railway of Brazil to the same position at the Entre Ríos Railway in Argentina.
* Construction of first oil-engined locomotive, an experimental unit designed by William Dent Priestman and built by his company, Priestman Brothers of Hull, England.

## Deaths

* March 2 – William H. Osborn, president of Illinois Central Railroad 1855–1865, president of Chicago, St. Louis and New Orleans Railroad 1875–1882, dies (b. 1820).
* September 1 – Robert Pearson Brereton, chief assistant to Isambard Kingdom Brunel who completed many engineering projects after Brunel's death in 1859 (b. 1818).
# Puerto Rican moist forests

The Puerto Rican moist forests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in Puerto Rico. They cover an area of 7,544 km$^2$ (2,913 sq mi).

## Lowland forests

Lowland forests are found throughout the island's coastal lowlands except for the dry southwest. Characteristic tree species include Hymenaea courbaril, Palma de Coroso (Acrocomia media), Nectandra coriacea, and Zanthoxylum martinicense. Trees reach a height of 24 m (79 ft) in the northern portions, but are shorter elsewhere. Several species are adapted to dry periods by being deciduous or semi-deciduous.

## Montane forests

Montane forests cover the Sierra de Luquillo and the higher peaks of the Cordillera Central. Trees at middle elevations reach a height of 34 m (112 ft) and a diameter of 2.5 m (8.2 ft). Common trees of the Sierra de Luquillo include Cyathea arborea, Prestoea acuminata, Cecropia peltata, and Ocotea species. Weinmannia pinnata, Brunellia comocladifolia, and Podocarpus coriaceus are found in the cloud forests of the highest peaks.

## Fauna

Puerto Rican moist forests are home to a variety of endemic animal species such as the critically endangered Puerto Rican amazon (Amazona vittata) and coquís (Eleutherodactylus spp.). Limestone forests are rich in land snail diversity, with many species restricted to small areas.

## Ecological processes

As with most mountainous areas, the forest types change with elevation, exposure and rock type. Superimposed upon these physical factors are forms of natural disturbance such as landslides and hurricanes that allow light-demanding plant species to regenerate. A study in the Luqillo Mountains found that between 1936 and 1988, in the Upper Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico there were 46 landslides associated with heavy rain, and these created gaps that allowed ferns such as Dicranopteris pectitnata to proliferate.

## Conservation and protected areas

A 2017 assessment found that 406 km$^2$, or 5%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Forty-two percent of the unprotected area is still forested. Protected areas include El Yunque National Forest, Cambalache Forest Reserve, Maricao State Forest, Monte Choca State Forest, Río Abajo State Forest, and Toro Negro State Forest. The Northeast Ecological Corridor Nature Reserve includes both lowland moist forest and dry forest.
# Employee-driven growth

Employee-driven growth (EDG) is a business philosophy that centers an organization’s growth on employee support, engagement, and development. It uses employee recognition, engagement, and rewards as strategies for business growth and customer satisfaction.

## Key principles

Development
EDG uses feedback loops and incentive structures to improve job performance and satisfaction, which result in enhanced customer experiences. Employee development includes additional classes, certifications, and training that keep employees engaged with their jobs.
Recognition and rewards
EDG emphasizes recognizing and rewarding employees for exceptional service, positive online reviews, and contributions to business success. This recognition often takes the form of financial incentives, but could also include non-cash rewards and other more intrinsic motivators.

## Impact

Employee-driven company practices have been shown in studies to increase customer satisfaction by as much as 30 percent. Research has also suggested that the use of recognition and rewards results in increased employee satisfaction, retention, and productivity. Positive employee experience metrics have also been correlated with a 50% increase in revenue growth.
In both franchise businesses and larger corporations, EDG principles such as reward and recognition systems are used to increase hiring and retention rates.
# Construction industry of the United Kingdom

The construction industry is one of the major industry sectors in the economy of the United Kingdom, contributing about 6% of UK gross value added in 2019. In 2018, it was, by GVA, the sixth biggest construction sector in the world.

## Scale and composition

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the value of construction new work peaked at £119,087 million in 2019, dropping to £99,651 million in 2020. Of this total, new housing comprised £37,755 million of new work, infrastructure £22,517 million, and private commercial building £24,614 million. Public sector work (housing, infrastructure, other) accounted for 26% by value of new work in 2020.
The construction sector employed around 2.1 million workers (1.4 million employed in just over 342,000 VAT/PAYE-registered businesses, plus 727,000 self-employed) in Great Britain in 2020, with a high proportion of small businesses: just over one million small/medium-sized businesses (SMEs), mainly self-employed individuals, worked in the sector in 2019, comprising about 18% of all UK businesses. Tier 1 suppliers in 2013 estimated that 50% by value of their government construction work and supply was delivered by SME sub-contractors and suppliers. Over a third of construction businesses in 2020 were located in London and south east England. Women comprised 12.5% of the UK construction workforce in 2019.

## Industry strategy

Productivity in construction remains below the UK average and has changed little in the past 50 years. As a result, the UK government has repeatedly tried to improve the sector's efficiency, publishing (among others) the Latham Report in 1994, the Egan Report in 1998 and the Farmer Review in 2016; in 2013 it launched the Construction 2025 industrial strategy, which has since been updated through the 2018 industrial strategy, the 2019 Construction Sector Deal, the 2020 Construction Playbook, and the 2021 Transforming Infrastructure Performance: Roadmap to 2030.
As of 2022, the largest construction project in the UK is construction of the High Speed 2 rail line between London and the West Midlands. Prior to completion of construction, Crossrail was Europe's biggest construction project.
The industry was pushed into a period of turmoil following the Brexit vote in June 2016. Fears of post-Brexit EU labour shortages were cited as a key reason for the uncertainty. Further disruption followed during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 onwards, and there were inflationary pressures as a consequence of rising fuel prices following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
In 2023, the construction industry accounted for 11% of UK company insolvencies as businesses were affected by rising inflation and interest rates.

### Health and safety

Construction accounted for 39 of the 142 work fatalities reported in 2021-22, with half of deaths over a five-year period attributed to falls from height. Construction's fatal injury rate (1.62 per 100,000 workers) is around four times higher than the all industry rate. Around 1.8% of construction workers reported musculoskeletal disorders - a higher rate than for workers across all industries (1.1%).
# Endrefalva

Endrefalva is a village in Nógrád county, Hungary.
Population by year :
| Year | Population |
| 1870 | 868 |
| 1880 | 832 |
| 1890 | 952 |
| 1900 | 1076 |
| 1910 | 1121 |
| 1920 | 1210 |
| 1930 | 1337 |
| 1941 | 1353 |
| 1949 | 1414 |
| 1960 | 1501 |
| 1970 | 1516 |
| 1980 | 1348 |
| 1990 | 1235 |
| 2001 | 1207 |
| 2011 | 1270 |
# Conjugacy-closed subgroup

In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is said to be conjugacy-closed if any two elements of the subgroup that are conjugate in the group are also conjugate in the subgroup.
An alternative characterization of conjugacy-closed normal subgroups is that all class automorphisms of the whole group restrict to class automorphisms of the subgroup.
The following facts are true regarding conjugacy-closed subgroups:
* Every central factor (a subgroup that may occur as a factor in some central product) is a conjugacy-closed subgroup.
* Every conjugacy-closed normal subgroup is a transitively normal subgroup.
* The property of being conjugacy-closed is transitive, that is, every conjugacy-closed subgroup of a conjugacy-closed subgroup is conjugacy-closed.
The property of being conjugacy-closed is sometimes also termed as being conjugacy stable. It is a known result that for finite field extensions, the general linear group of the base field is a conjugacy-closed subgroup of the general linear group over the extension field. This result is typically referred to as a stability theorem.
A subgroup is said to be strongly conjugacy-closed if all intermediate subgroups are also conjugacy-closed.

## Examples and Non-Examples
### Examples

* Every subgroup of a commutative group is conjugacy closed.
# Enixotrophon planispinus

Enixotrophon planispinus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
# Engaeus laevis

Engaeus laevis is a species of crayfish in the family Parastacidae. It is endemic to Australia.
# Mobius Arch

Mobius Arch is a natural arch in the Alabama Hills range in Inyo County, California. Its name comes from its similarity in appearance to a Möbius strip. The nearest settlement is Lone Pine. It can be accessed through a short loop trail. The arch is a part of the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area and its window is about 6.5 ft (2.0 m) tall. It is a popular subject with photographers and filmmakers due to its framing of Mount Whitney.
# Mobitel (Iraq-Kurdistan)

Mobitel Iraq is the first mobile 3G operator in Iraq. It was launched commercially in February 2007. Mobitel was licensed by the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq to operate in all Kurdish regions. Mobitel currently covers Erbil Governorate and Duhok Governorate and is in the planning phase to cover Sulaimaniyah Governorate. In July 2007, Mobitel was the first operator in Iraq to start 3.5G services.

## Services

Mobitel offers basic 3G services such as broadband Internet, video calling and others. Mobitel was facing interconnection problems with major telecom operators in Iraq.
# Mobitel

Mobitel, an acronym of "mobile telephone", is the name of several mobile telecommunication companies:
* Mobitel (Georgia)
* Mobitel (Iraq-Kurdistan)
* Mobitel (Slovenia)
* SLTMobitel, formerly Mobitel, a Sri Lankan telecommunications company
* Zain Sudan, formerly Mobitel, a Sudanese mobile company
# Constructional system

A constructional system or a constitution system is a system of objects or concepts of a certain domain in which all objects or concepts of that domain can be logically constructed from a proper subset of those objects or concepts, called the basis of the system.
The notion of constructional systems can be traced back to Bertrand Russell, who wrote in 1914 that
   The supreme maxim in scientific philosophising is this: wherever possible logical constructions are to be substituted for inferred entities.
German philosopher Rudolf Carnap in his Der logische Aufbau der Welt (1928) (referring to them as "Konstitutionssystems") and American philosopher Nelson Goodman in his The Structure of Appearance (1951) studied the structure of constructional systems.
# Putgarten

Putgarten is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
The municipality is managed by the Amt of Nord-Rügen with its seat in Sagard. Putgarten is the northernmost municipality in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is also the northernmost municipality in what was formerly East Germany. Villages within its boundaries are Arkona, Fernlüttkevitz, Goor, Nobbin, Vitt and Varnkevitz.
# Mocis diplocyma

Mocis diplocyma is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in South America, including Brazil and French Guiana.
# WMHZ

WMHZ may refer to:
* WMHZ (AM), a radio station (1340 AM) licensed to serve Holt, Alabama, United States
* WRJE, a radio station (1600 AM) licensed to serve Dover, Delaware, United States, which held the call sign WMHZ from April to September 2011
# Mochadion

Mochadion was a coastal town of ancient Bithynia located on the Bosphorus.
Its site is tentatively located near Fil Burnu in Asiatic Turkey.
# Punge

Punge is a small village located west of Kamjong in Kamjong District, Manipur state, India. The village falls under Phungyar sub division. The village is partially connected by Ukhrul-Phungyar state highway and Shangshak-Yairipok district road. Punge is flanked by Mawai in the west, Sorbung in the south, Kangpat in the east and Sorde in the north. Locally, the inhabitants speak Punge dialect that belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family.

## Total population

According to 2011 census, Punge has 33 households with the total of 220 people of which 110 are male and 110 are female. Of the total population, 29 were in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of the village is 1000 female to 1000 male which is higher than the state average of 985. The literacy rate of the village stands at 56.54% which is lower than the state average 76.94%. Male literacy rate stands at 61.86% while female literacy rate was 51.06%.

## People and occupation

The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe. Majority of the inhabitants are Christians. Agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants. The village is known in the district for its reserve natural environment, flora and fauna. A remote area, the village has a relatively poor transport system and bad road condition, and the inhabitants suffer most during the rainy season because of frequent landslides.
# Wainwright

Wainwright may refer to:
* Wainwright (occupation), a tradesperson skilled in the making and repairing of carts or wagons
* Wainwright (surname), including the list of people

## Places
### Canada

* Wainwright, Alberta, a town in Alberta
** Wainwright (provincial electoral district), former Alberta electoral district
** CFB Wainwright, Canadian Forces Base
** Municipal District of Wainwright No. 61, a municipal district in Alberta

### United States

* Wainwright, Alabama
* Wainwright, Alaska
* Fort Wainwright, United States Army base located near Fairbanks, Alaska
* Wainwright, Missouri
* Wainwright, Jackson County, Ohio
* Wainwright, Tuscarawas County, Ohio
* Wainwright, Oklahoma

## Other uses

* Wainwright (hill), one of 214 fells (hills and mountains) described in A. Wainwright's Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells
* USC&GS Wainwright (1942) a survey ship in commission in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1942 to 1967
* USS Wainwright, name of three United States Navy ships
* Wainwright Building, landmark office building in St. Louis, Missouri