OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Buchan Simpson

George B. Simpson (10 October 1820 – 1 July 1892) was a Scottish art collector, connoisseur and patron of Scottish painters. He financed his interests through his wealth acquired as a linen manufacturer and jute merchant in Dundee. He is "Dundee’s Forgotten Maecenas" according to a recent academic paper.

## Life

George Buchan Simpson was born in Dundee on 10 October 1820. His father was Robert Simpson, a shipmaster and later a flax merchant, and his mother was Janet Buchan. He was educated at Mr. Gilbert’s School in Meadow Entry, Dundee. He married Margaret Maria Shaw on 10 June 1856 at Fettercairn in Kincardineshire. They had two sons and four daughters - Robert John, Jessie, Catherine, Florence, Eleanor and Kenneth. He died in Edinburgh on 1 July 1892.

## Business career

Simpson trained in linen manufacturing with Messrs. Alexander Easson and Charles Clark at the Dens Works in Dundee. By the mid-1850s he had gone into partnership with William Ritchie (c.1818-1902) and their firm, Messrs. Ritchie, Simpson & Co., which began with flax spinning mills in Maxwellton and Hawkhill. Later the firm had works in Ward Road, Nelson Street and Lower Pleasance. A decade later the firm had diversified into jute manufacturing. Simpson’s increasing prosperity by that time enabled him to move to Seafield House in fashionable Broughty Ferry. (Grove Academy was later built on the site of this house). He began also to rival local patrons in the arts. However, a downturn in trade in the 1870s brought an end to his partnership with Ritchie. He struggled on with his manufacturing business and eventually retired in 1886. Thereafter he devoted himself to his arts patronage.

## Arts patronage

Simpson supported artistic talent and befriended painters such as William MacTaggart, George Paul Chalmers, W. Q. Orchardson, Sam Bough, James Cassie and Alexander Fraser. He was strict in what he expected from these artists. "No Simpson landscape was usually considered complete without the interpolation of a human or animal motif, from boys fishing to cattle grazing." In 1867, Simpson was appointed convener of the committee which organised an art exhibition during the visit of the British Association to Dundee. Simpson was also an ardent collector of books and all kinds of objets d'art. He had a collection of rare books dating from the fifteenth to the 18th centuries and in October 1879 he displayed this collection in Dundee Museum for benefit of his fellow citizens. His collections of coins and medals were sold off in a sale lasting five days. A collection of Simpson's correspondence with George P. Chalmers and Edward Pinnington is to be found in the Royal Scottish Academy's George B. Simpson Collection.

## Professional memberships and appointments

* Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1870.
* Member of the Numismatic Society of London
* Justice of Peace for Forfarshire
* Member of Broughty Ferry School Board
# Bernard Aubertin

Bernard Aubertin (French pronunciation:) was a French artist born in 1934 in Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. He died in August 2015 in Reutlingen, Germany.
He met Yves Klein in 1957 and joined the Zero movement during the 1960–1961 period.
One of his texts, (″Esquisse de la situation picturale du rouge dans un concept spatial″) was published in the Zero magazine, vol 3. July 1961.
He is known for his red monochromes (1958), paint and nails on panel, fire paintings, and performance arts.
His works were shown at various major art exhibitions: Documenta 6, Kassel, Germany, 1977. 54th Venice Biennale, Italy, 2011. Palais de Tokyo, Paris, France, 2012.

## Solo exhibitions

2017:
* Bernard Aubertin Situazione Pittorica del Rosso, opere degli anni sessanta e settanta, ABC-ARTE Gallery, Genoa
* In Memoriam – Hommage à Bernard Aubertin (1934-2015), galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
2016:
* Bernard Aubertin, Leeahn Gallery, Seoul
* RED | The Estate of Bernard Aubertin, De Buck gallery, New York
2015:
* Bernard Aubertin et Bernard Rancillac: de rouge à rouge, galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
* Bernard Aubertin: Von ZERO bis heute, Galerie Heinz Holtmann, Cologne
2014:
* Bernard Aubertin und Zeitgenossen, galerie Maulberger, Munich
* Bon anniversaire Bernard!, galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
2013:
* Zéro Paris-Düsseldorf, Passage de Retz. Paris
* La nature des choses, MAMAC (Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain de Nice), Nice
2012:
* Livres brûlés, Galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
* Tout feu tout flamme, Tornabuoni Art, Paris
* Rouge, galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
* Bernard Aubertin – Works from 1958-1989, The Mayor Gallery, London
2010:
* Tableaux feu et monochromes, galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
2009:
* 75 x Aubertin, Stiftung für konkrete Kunst, Reutlingen
2006:
* Bernard Aubertin. Peintures monochromes, galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
* Bernard Aubertin. Le rouge total, Galleria CIDAC Arte, Brescia, Italy

## Collective exhibitions

2016:
* Cobra tot Zero, coll. Roetgering, in Museum Flehite en Mondriaanhuis in Amersfoort, Holland
2014:
* Rood Aubertin Rouge, (with Bernard Aubertin, Leo Erb, Jan Schoonhoven), Museum Belvedere Heerenveen, Holland
* ZERO Countdown to tomorrow, 1950s–60s, Guggenheim, New York
2015:
* ZERO Let us explore the stars, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
* ZERO The International Art Movement of the 50s and 60s, Martin Gropius Bau, Berlin
2011:
* La Pittura brucia Galeria Bonioni, Reggio Emilia (Italy)
* Le feu et le rouge Studio F22 Modern Art Gallery, Brescia (Italy)
2010:
* Plein feux Galerie Arlette Gimray, Paris
* Tableaux feu — Monochrome Galerie Jean Brolly, Paris
* Il Fuoco et Il Rosso Galeria d'Arte Rosenberg, Milan
* Piano et violon brûlés Fondazione Berardelli, Brescia (Italy)
2007:
* ZERO. Avant-garde internationale des années 1950-1960, Musée d'art moderne, Saint-Étienne
* 2003 Seeing Red Hunter, College Art Galleries, New York City
# Oberdan (name)

Oberdan is both a masculine given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Oberdan Cattani (1919–2014), Brazilian football player
* Oberdan Sallustro (1915–1972), Italian-Paraguayan businessman

## Surname

* Guglielmo Oberdan, (1858–1882), Italian irredentist

## Pen name

* Oberdán Rocamora, pen name of Jorge Asís (born 1946), Argentine journalist and politician
# Odontosoria biflora

Odontosoria biflora is a species of fern in the family Lindsaeaceae. As with other species in the family, it has been placed in different genera; synonyms include Sphenomeris biflora and Sphenomeris chinensis ssp. biflora. It is native to Southeast China, Korea, Japan and its offshore islands, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The fronds are leathery in texture, with the final segments being wedge-shaped. In the northern Philippines, it is described as "common", being found on ridges and rocks at elevations of up to about 150 m.
Known in parts of the Philippines by the Ivatan name tubho, sun-dried leaves are used to make tubho tea.
# Of Time and Stars

Of Time and Stars is a collection of science fiction short stories by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, containing an introduction by J. B. Priestley.
The stories all originally appeared in a number of different publications including the periodicals Dude, The Evening Standard, Lilliput, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Future, New Worlds, Startling Stories, Astounding, Fantasy, King's College Review, Satellite, Amazing Stories, London Evening News, Infinity Science Fiction and Ten Story Fantasy as well as the anthologies Star Science Fiction Stories No.1 edited by Frederik Pohl and Time to Come edited by August Derleth.

## Contents

This collection, originally published in 1972, includes:
* Introduction by J.B. Priestley
* Foreword
* "The Nine Billion Names of God"
* "An Ape About the House"
* "Green Fingers"
* "Trouble with the Natives"
* "Into the Comet"
* "No Morning After"
* "If I Forget Thee, Oh Earth"
* "Who's There?"
* "All the Time in the World"
* "Hide and Seek"
* "Robin Hood, F.R.S."
* "The Fires Within"
* "The Forgotten Enemy"
* "The Reluctant Orchid"
* "Encounter at Dawn"
* "Security Check"
* "Feathered Friend"
* "The Sentinel"
* Bibliography: Books by Arthur C. Clarke
# George Grant (British politician)

George Grant (11 October 1924 – 27 March 1984) was a Labour politician in the United Kingdom and Member of Parliament for Morpeth in Northumberland from 1970 until 1983.
Prior to his election to Parliament, he had served for eleven years as a member of Bedlingtonshire Council. He was also Chairman of the Ashington branch of the National Union of Mineworkers from 1963 to 1970. In the House of Commons, he served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture from 1974 to 1976.
# George Graham (ethnographer)

George Samuel Graham (23 December 1874 – 11 April 1952) was a New Zealand accountant, lawyer, ethnographer and native agent. He was born in Auckland, New Zealand on 23 December 1874. His grandfather was George Graham, a parliamentarian, and his mother was the sister of John Sheehan, a cabinet minister. Graham was a member of the Polynesian Society and researched Maori history, language, culture and artefacts.
# Geoffrey Thom

Geoffrey Walter Thom (28 April 1910 – 16 March 1973) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Geelong West to baker William Nathaniel Walter Hamlet Thom and Lily Potter. He attended local state schools and became an accountant. On 13 April 1935 he married Doris May Cortous; they had three children. He served in World War II, and on his return founded his own firm. A member of the Liberal and Country Party, he served on Geelong West City Council from 1946 to 1958 and was mayor from 1955 to 1957. In 1958 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for South Western Province. He was the government whip in the Council from 1964 to 1967. Thom retired in 1970 and died at Manifold Heights in 1973.
# Geoffrey Thomas

Geoff or Geoffrey Thomas may refer to:
* Geoffrey Thomas (academic) (born 1941), president of Kellogg College, Oxford
* Geoffrey Thomas (businessman) (born 1959), Australian businessman
* Geoff Thomas (footballer, born 1948) (1948–2013), Welsh football player (Swansea City)
* Geoff Thomas (footballer, born 1964), English international football player (Crystal Palace)
* Geoff Thomas (pastor) (born 1938), Welsh pastor
* Geoff Thomas (tennis), Australian tennis player
# Oh Very Young

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All Music Guide | link |
"Oh Very Young" is a song composed by Cat Stevens. It was released on his 1974 album Buddha and the Chocolate Box, as well as several later "Best of..." and "Greatest Hits" albums. The song reached number 10 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number two Easy Listening.

## Background

On his website djallyn.org, DJ Ally posted the following about "Oh Very Young" on April 30, 2009:
   Its lyric is a gentle response to Don McLean's hit "American Pie" released two years previously. Like McLean, he stops short of mentioning Buddy Holly directly, but questions the ill-fated songwriter's "Not Fade Away" (the last song Holly performed) lyric "a love to last more than one day, a lover's love, not fade away" with Stevens' own "denim blue, fading up to the sky, and though you want him to last forever you know he never will, and the patches make the goodbye harder still". Stevens then mentions the young American's mould-breaking work "Words Of Love" in the line "will you carry the words of love with you, will you ride the great white bird into heaven, and though you want to last forever you know you never will, and the goodbye makes the journey harder still."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1974) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Easy Listening | 2 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 10 |

## Cover versions

* Suzanne Lynch worked as a session musician until she became a regular part of Cat Stevens' vocal group and appeared on several of his albums. The first song Lynch did for Stevens was "Oh Very Young" in which she sang the solo line and the haunting background melody.
* Jonathan Rayson also covered the song on his 2006 album "Shiny and New".
# George Henry Bosch

George Henry Bosch (18 February 1861 – 30 August 1934) was an Australian merchant and philanthropist.

## Early life

Bosch was born at Osborne's Flat, near Beechworth, Victoria, the son of George Bosch, a miner from Bavaria, and his wife Emily, née Spann, of Hamburg. His mother belonged to a Dutch family, which migrated to Hamburg and became prosperous merchants. George Henry Bosch was educated at T. and C. McAlpine's private school at Richmond, a suburb of Melbourne, and was then apprenticed to a watchmaker.

## Career

Bosch went to Sydney in 1881 and with his father's help, established a small watchmaker's business. He began importing watchmakers' and jewellers' supplies, and about 1884 joined forces with Emil Barthel, who had a similar business, under the name of Bosch, Barthel and Company. The importing of dental and opticians' supplies was added in 1885, and the business became the largest of its kind in Australia. In 1894 Bosch bought Barthel's interest in the business, which continued to progress and expand with branches in Melbourne and Brisbane.
Working very hard and living simply, Bosch became very wealthy, and he quietly gave away considerable sums of money. His first public gift was a large donation to the Dreadnought Fund in 1909. He had a breakdown in 1915 due to overwork, and henceforth had to go more quietly. In 1924 he gave a sum of £1000 to the University of Sydney for research on paralysis; his mother was a partial cripple. This was followed in 1925 by £2000 for cancer research, and in 1928 £27,000 was given to establish a chair in histology and embryology, and £1500 for the purchase of apparatus for the anatomy department. In October 1929, £220,000 in city properties and securities was transferred to the university to establish full-time chairs in medicine, surgery and bacteriology, and for the building and equipping of laboratories or the promotion of medical and surgical knowledge. Another large donation was £10,000 to Trinity Grammar School (New South Wales), and he contributed largely to the upkeep of the Millewa boys' home and the Windsor boys' farm. Though he practically retired in 1924, he had another breakdown in 1928, but after a long holiday in the east, he came back in much improved health. In July 1932 the university received a further sum of £6000.

## Death and legacy

Bosch died at Sydney on 30 August 1934. He had married Gwendoline Jupp in 1929, who had nursed him through an illness. She survived him with two sons. After providing for legacies and a life interest for his widow, further substantial benefits will eventually accrue to the University of Sydney. A portrait of Bosch by George Washington Lambert is in the great hall at the university, and there is a memorial window at St John's Church, Gordon, Sydney.
Bosch was a keen business man, whose only recreation was walking until he took up golf in middle life; he was honorary treasurer of Manly Golf Club for many years. He looked upon his wealth as a responsibility and gave much thought to his benefactions, his chief desire being that he might alleviate human suffering.
# George Champion

George Champion may refer to:
* George Champion (cricketer) (1867–1933), English cricketer
* George Champion (politician) (1713–1754), English MP
* George Charles Champion (1851–1927), English entomologist
# Oh, Jeff...I Love You, Too...But...

Oh, Jeff...I Love You, Too...But... (sometimes Oh, Jeff) is a 1964 oil and magna on canvas painting by Roy Lichtenstein. Like many of Lichtenstein's works, its title comes from the speech balloon in the painting.
Although many sources, such as the Encyclopedia of Art, describe Whaam! and Drowning Girl as Lichtenstein's most famous works, artist Vian Shamounki Borchert believes it is this piece, calling it his Mona Lisa. Borchert notes that this painting captures "the magic" of its "anguished and yes [sic] beautiful blue-eyed, blond hair, full lips" female subject while presenting "sad eyes that seem to give in to what seems to be a doomed love affair".
Measuring 121.9 cm × 121.9 cm (48 in × 48 in), Oh, Jeff...I Love You, Too...But... is among the most famous of his early romance comic derivative works from the period when he was adapting cartoons and advertisements into his style via Ben-Day dots. The work is said to depict the classic romance comic storyline of temporary adversity.
Lichtenstein adapted the work from a comic illustrated by Tony Abruzzo; the panel's actual text reads, "Oh, Danny, I'm so sorry! I would have loved to go but I'm going to another party that night!" Lichtenstein's sketch for the work was done in graphite and colored pencils on paper in a 4 3/4 x 4 3/4 inches (12.1 x 12.1 cm) scale.
In the early 1960s, Lichtenstein produced several "fantasy drama" paintings of women in love affairs with domineering men causing women to be miserable, such as Drowning Girl, Hopeless and In the Car. These works served as prelude to 1964 paintings of innocent "girls next door" in a variety of tenuous emotional states such as in Oh, Jeff...I Love You, Too...But.... Using only a single frame from its source, Oh, Jeff...I Love You, Too...But...'s graphics are quite indicative of frustration, but the text in the speech balloon augment the romantic context and the emotional discord. After 1963, Lichtenstein's comics-based women "...look hard, crisp, brittle, and uniformly modish in appearance, as if they all came out of the same pot of makeup." This particular example is one of several that is cropped so closely that the hair flows beyond the edges of the canvas. This was painted at the apex of Lichtenstein's use of enlarged dots, cropping and magnification of the original source. The tragic situations of his subjects makes his works a popular draw at museums.
Oh, Jeff was sold for $210,000 (US$777,000 in 2023 dollars) on May 15, 1980, at Sotheby's, New York. At the time, the work was part of the Abrams family collection. As of February 3, 1994, the Los Angeles Times reported that it was part of the Stefan Edlis Collection.
# Bernhard Winkelheide

Bernhard Winkelheide (May 4, 1908 – November 25, 1988) was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

He was a member of the German Bundestag from its first election in 1949 to 1972. In the Bundestag elections of 1949, 1953 and 1957 he won the direct mandate in the constituency of Recklinghausen-Stadt. In 1961, 1965 and 1969 he entered parliament via the state list of the CDU North Rhine-Westphalia.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# COX6B2

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb polypeptide 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COX6B2 gene. Cytochrome c oxidase 6B2 is a subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex, also known as Complex IV, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

## Structure

The COX6B2 gene, located on the q arm of chromosome 19 in position 13.42, contains 5 exons and is 5,113 base pairs in length. The protein encoded by the COX6B2 gene weighs 11 kDa and is composed of 88 amino acids. The protein is a subunit of Complex IV, a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes.

## Function

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthesis via protonmotive force. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer of proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex.
Summary reaction:
    4 Fe$^{2+}$-cytochrome c + 8 H$^+$$_{in}$ + O$_2$ → 4 Fe$^{3+}$-cytochrome c + 2 H$_2$O + 4 H$^+$$_{out}$
# Berkshiria albistylum

Berkshiria albistylum is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae. Larvae can be found under the bark of poplar trees.
# George Ciamba

George Ciamba (February 20, 1966 – July 11, 2021) was a Romanian diplomat who served, from November 2018 to November 2019, as the Romanian Minister for European Affairs, including during Romania's 2019 first presidency of the Council of the European Union.

## Diplomatic career

From 1999 to 2003, he was ambassador to Turkey and Permanent Representative of Romania to the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization. He was ambassador to Greece from 2005 to 2012.

## Term as Minister for European Affairs and Romania's first Presidency of the Council of the European Union

Source:
George Ciamba served as Minister for European Affairs during Romania's first presidency of the Council of the European Union.

### Romania's first Presidency of the Council of the European Union

Source:
Romania took over the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union, from January until June 2019, the first occasion since its EU accession. The motto of the Romanian Presidency was 'Cohesion, a Common European Value'.
It was preceded at the helm of the Council of the EU by Austria (July-December 2018) and succeeded by Finland (July-December 2019).
Member states holding the presidency work together closely in groups of three, called 'trios'. Romania was part of the Trio format alongside Finland and Croatia.

### Results

Source:
During the Romanian Presidency of the Council of the EU, approximately 2,500 meetings and events were organized: the Sibiu Summit, over 2,000 meetings of working groups, 64 EU Council ministerial meetings, and a total of 300 events which were held in Romania.
90 legislative files were closed in a record time of three months, by the end of European Parliament's legislative activity - on average, one file per day. 84 EU Council Conclusions were adopted on multiple topics of common interest, numerous Progress Reports of the Presidency were developed, and a number of Council Decisions were approved.

## Distinctions

* 1999: Romanian Ambassador of the Year, Romanian Daily.
* 2000: National Order of Merit in the Rank of Commander - awarded by the President of Romania.
* 2012: Order of the Phoenix – Grand Cross Grade - awarded by the President of the Hellenic Republic.
# Oil Springs Methodist Church

Oil Springs Methodist Church is a historic church at the junction of KY 580 and KY 40 in Oil Springs, Kentucky. It was built in 1893 and added to the National Register in 1989.
It is a two-story frame church with a two-story pyramidal-roofed tower. It was designed and built by Ben F. Mahan. It was deemed notable as "Johnson County's best example of a late 19th century Gothic Revival frame church."