OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Fletcher (engineer)

William Fletcher (1848–1918) was an English writer and steam traction engine designer.
William Fletcher was a leading designer of Victorian and Edwardian steam traction engines. As of 2010 some twenty of his engines survived in preservation, including Maynarch (Wallis & Steevens, 1883); Excelsior (Clayton & Shuttleworth No 34980, 1902), Peggy (Clayton & Shuttleworth, 904) and Victoria (Davey Paxman - 1907).
Many of Fletcher's original build books and drawings are held at the Museum of English Rural Life (MERL), University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.

## Chronology

* 1848: Fletcher was born on 23 April 1848, at West Stockwith, Nottinghamshire.
* 1863: Apprenticeship with Marshall and Sons, Gainsborough.
* 1870: Draughtsman with Alexander and Sons, Cirencester.
* 1872: Assistant manager and chief draughtsman with Wallis & Steevens, Basingstoke.
* 1873: Married to Jessie Brown, daughter of a Baptist minister, Cirencester.
* 1874: Birth of Fletcher's 1st child; a daughter Lilian, at Basingstoke.
* 1876: Death of Fletcher's younger brother Robert, a gifted engineer, aged 22 years.
* 1877: Fletcher designed and tested Wallis & Steevens’ first steam traction engine; T250.
* 1878: Fletcher's 1st book, “Abuse of the steam jacket” is published. Works manager with Charles Burrell & Sons, Thetford. Birth of Fletcher's 2nd child; a son Conrad, at St. Nicholas Works, Thetford.
* 1880: Chief draughtsman with Marshall and Sons, Gainsborough.
* 1881: Birth of Fletcher's 3rd child; a daughter Hilda, at Gainsborough.
* 1888: Chief draughtsman with Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies, Ipswich. Fletcher re-designs all their steam traction engines and road locomotives.
* 1891: Fletcher's 2nd book, "The History and Development of Steam Locomotion on Common Roads” is published.
* 1895: Fletcher's 2nd edition of 1st book is re-printed, “The Steam Jacket Practically Considered”.
* 1897: Chief draughtsman with Clayton & Shuttleworth, Lincoln. Fletcher re-designs all their steam traction engines and road locomotives.
* 1898: Fletcher's 3rd book, “A chapter in the history of the traction engine” is published. Fletcher becomes a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
* 1900: Fletcher's article on the “Evolution of the Portable Engine” is published.
* 1904: Fletcher's 4th book, “English and American Steam Carriages and Traction Engines” is published.
* 1906: Chief draughtsman with Davey Paxman, Colchester. Fletcher designs all their steam traction engines.
* 1910: Fletcher retires from active traction and road engine design, aged sixty-two.
* 1911: Fletcher's article on the “Evolution of the Geared Locomotive” is published.
* 1918: William Fletcher dies at Cromer, Norfolk, on 22 December 1918, aged 70 years.
# Kyauktawgyi Buddha

Kyauktawgyi Buddha may refer to:
* Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Yangon)
* Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Mandalay)
* Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Amarapura)
# After the Zap

After the Zap is a science fiction novel by American writer Michael Armstrong, published by Popular Library in 1987.

## Plot summary

After the Zap is set in Alaska, where mutations in humans occur after an experimental electromagnetic device detonates.

## Reception

J. Michael Caparula reviewed After the Zap in Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer No. 81. Caparula commented that "This is a fun, fast-paced book that I think SG/FG readers will like a lot."

## Reviews

* Review by Faren Miller (1987) in Locus, #315 April 1987
* Review by Joe Sanders (1987) in Fantasy Review, July–August 1987
* Review by Edward Bryant (1987) in Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine, October 1987
* Review by Ken Lake (1989) in Paperback Inferno, #80
* Kliatt
# Calonotos rectifascia

Calonotos rectifascia is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Talbot in 1932. It is found in Colombia.
# Opigena polygona

Opigena polygona is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from the Netherlands, Sweden and Finland, through central and south-eastern Europe to central Asia, northern Iran, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Armenia, Turkey, Irkutsk, western and central China, Tibet, Nepal and northern India.
The wingspan is 35–42 mm. Adults are on wing from the end of July to the latter half of September.
The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants, including Capsella, Primula, Polygonum, Rumex and Trifolium.
# Wayne Township, Kansas

Wayne Township, Kansas may refer to the following places:
* Wayne Township, Doniphan County, Kansas
* Wayne Township, Edwards County, Kansas
# Danforth, Missouri

Danforth is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is on Missouri Route O 1.5 miles northwest of Novinger. Spring Creek flows past the south side of the community.

## History

A post office called Danforth was established in 1885, and remained in operation until 1906. The name most likely is a transfer from Danforth, Illinois.
# Wisch

Wisch may refer to:

## Places

* Wisch, Gelderland, a former municipality in Gelderland, the Netherlands
* Wisch, Nordfriesland, a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
* Wisch, Plön, a municipality in the district of Plön, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

## People

* Theodor Wisch, World War II German Waffen-SS general
# Farol da Ponta de São Lourenço

The Farol da Ponta de São Lourenço (Portuguese for the "lighthouse of Saint Lawrence point") is a lighthouse located on the islet of São Lourenço, marking the extreme east of Madeira Island, Portugal.
The lighthouse was built in 1870 on top of a small extinct volcano and has a focal point of 103 metres. It is the oldest lighthouse in Madeira.
# Farol da Ponta de São Jorge

The Farol da Ponta de São Jorge is an active lighthouse located on the north coast of the island of Madeira, Portugal. The lighthouse was built in 1959 on top of a cliff and has a focal height of 271 metres.
# Farnell, Angus

Farnell is a village in Angus, Scotland. It lies 2 miles south of the River South Esk, between Brechin and Montrose, near Kinnaird Castle.
# Danilo Zanna

Danilo Zanna (born 15 April 1982) is an Italian chef, television presenter, and restaurant operator residing in Turkey. He has been a judge in the reality show MasterChef Turkey since 2019.

## Life and career
### Early years

Zanna was born on 15 April 1982 in Prato, Tuscany, Italy to Italian parents Armando Zanna and Emillia Zanna. He took over cooking as a family business. He strengthened his culinary skills by working with Italian chefs on Italian cuisine.

### Life in Turkey

Zanna, who is interested in Turkish cuisine, migrated from Italy to Turkey because he wanted to pursue a career in this field. After settling in Turkey, he opened a restaurant with Italian and Turkish cuisine. Later, he started to take part in television programs, with his first being in a program called "Zahide ile Hayata Yetiş" as an assistant chef.
Zanna rose to recognition with the cooking show "İtalyan İşi", which he had created and presented on the Planet Mutfak television channel. He worked on Italian dishes at Kadir Has University Istanbul Cuisine Institute, which includes the restaurant culture of different countries in Turkey.
After Planet Mutfak was shut down, he appeared on television with the programs "Elin Oğlu", broadcast on ATV, and "Lezzetin Şarkısı", which was broadcast on NTV, and presented by himself. Zanna is currently a jury member in the program of Masterchef Turkey, which started to be broadcast on TV8 in its new season in 2019. He married Tuğçe Demirbilek in 2012, and divorced her on 15 December 2021.
On 10 January 2022, he opened a branch of the Italian restaurant "Filo D'Olio", in Izmir, Turkey, and recruited Mert Ateş Durukan, who competed in MasterChef Turkey Season 5, to his cooking team, and Safanur Bol from the same season, a short while later. After a while, he recruited Kaan Noyanalpan who competed in MasterChef Turkey Season 6.
He has also hosted the Turkish version of MasterChef Junior, which has aired on Exxen since 2021. As of 2024, he remains one of the three judges in MasterChef Turkey.

## Sources

* ↑ "Danilo Zanna'nın eşi ve çocuğu hakkında bilgiler". Habertürk. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
* 1 2 3 "Danilo Zanna kimdir?". www.biyografi.info (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-07-30.
* ↑ "Filo D'olio". Filo D'olio (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-07-30.
* ↑ "Masterchef Junior". www.exxen.com. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
* ↑ "Masterchef 2022 ne zaman başlayacak? Jüride kimler olacak?". www.lezzet.com.tr. Retrieved 2022-07-30.
# Nagano

Nagano may refer to:

## Places

* Nagano Prefecture, a prefecture in Japan
** Nagano (city), the capital city of the same prefecture
*** Nagano 1998, the 1998 Winter Olympics
*** Nagano Olympic Stadium, a baseball stadium in Nagano
*** Nagano University, a public university in Nagano
* Kawachi-Nagano, a city in Osaka prefecture

## Transportation

* Nagano Electric Railway, a railway in Nagano, Japan
* Nagano Station, a railway station in Nagano, Japan
* Nagano Interchange, a road interchange of the Jōshin-etsu Expressway in Nagano, Japan
* Hokuriku Shinkansen, originally Nagano Shinkansen, a high-speed Japanese railway
* Nagano Line (Kintetsu), a railway in Osaka, Japan
* Kawachinagano Station, a railway station in Kawachi-Nagano, Osaka, Japan

## Surname

* Nagano (surname)
# Rate of turn indicator

Rate of turn indicator or ROTI on board vessels indicates the rate a ship is turning. It indicates the rate a ship is turning in degrees per minute (°/min) . It is one of the most important instruments a helmsman can have when steering a course. It can also be used to turn at a steady rate of turn, which is very important in pilotage water.

## Working

The principle of the rate of the turn indicator is based on a gyroscope with an availability of turning in just one direction. When the ship is steering a straight course, the gyroscope will point in a straight direction and the pointer will point to the zero on the display. When the vessel makes a turn to port, the gyroscope will turn to port side due to inertia and this will be pointed on the display of the rate of turn indicator. The same can be said for the starboard side.

## Different types of ROTIs

There are two types of rate of turn indicators: a digital type and an analog type. Nowadays the analog type is still the most installed type on board vessels, due to its easy way to read the rate of turn quickly and correctly. The analog type is compulsory, the digital type may be installed in the form of a repeater of the analog type.

## Regulations

In SOLAS Section V Reg 19 is written:
2.9 All ships of 50,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall, in addition to meeting the requirements of paragraph 2.8, have: 2.9.1 a rate of turn indicator, or other means, to determine and display the rate of turn; and 2.9.2 a speed and distance measuring device, or other means, to indicate speed and distance over the ground in the forward and athwartships direction.
3. When "other means" are permitted under this regulation, such means must be approved by Administration in accordance with regulation 18.

## Construction requirements

The International Maritime Organization has developed some requirements on the development of the rate of turn indicator.

### Display

The requirements for the display of the rate of turn indicator are that the zero has to be on top, the indicator has to go to the left when ship is turning to port side, and vice versa.

### Scale

The scale graduation of the rate of turn indicator has to be linear with a minimum of 30 degrees per minute, an interval of 1° from zero to thirty and every 10 degrees have to be marked by a number. The indication for every 5° and 10° has to be longer than the rest.

### Accuracy

IMO says that a maximum allowed deviation from the real situation shown by the rate of turn indicator is 0.5 degrees. The rate of turn indicator has to keep this accuracy until a speed of 30 knots is reached.

### Start-up time

A rate of turn indicator has to be fully operational within four minutes after start-up.

### Testing

It has to be possible to test the rate of turn indicator.

## AIS

If a ship is equipped with an AIS system and a rate of turn indicator, then the rate of turn indicator must be connected to the AIS to send the rate of turn to other vessels. This makes it easier for other vessels to interpret the manoeuvre of the ship.
# Daniel de Fernando

Daniel de Fernando Alonso (12 February 1938 – 7 March 2019) was a Spanish pharmacist and politician. A member of the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) and its successor the Democratic and Social Centre, he was a Deputy in the Constituent Cortes (1977–1979), president of the Provincial Deputation of Ávila (1979–1982; 1987–1991) and a member of the Cortes of Castile and León (1983–1991).

## Biography

De Fernando was born either in Arenas de San Pedro or Guisando in the Province of Ávila. A qualified pharmacist, he built up a friendship with Adolfo Suárez and joined his Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD). He was elected to represent Ávila in the Constituent Cortes (1977–1979), in addition to being elected to the Provincial Deputation in 1978, becoming the latter's president for 1979–1982 and 1987–1991. Among his achievements as provincial president were the construction of motorways and telecommunication networks, running water to rural villages and the acquisition of the Torreón de Lozoya to serve as the provincial headquarters. He was rewarded with the deputation's Gold Medal in 2008.
In 1977 and 1979–1982, he was part of Castile and León's pre-autonomous General Council, during which time he was part of UCD rebellions against Suárez that broke down the party. In 1982, he helped Suárez set up a new party, the Democratic and Social Centre (Spain) (CDS). He was the party's president from 1987 to 1992 and led it in the Cortes of Castile and León from the first elections in 1983 until 1995. On 7 September 1982, he was awarded the Great Cross of the Order of Military Merit.
In 1987, the CDS abstained in the vote for regional president, allowing José María Aznar of the People's Alliance (AP) to win, in exchange for CDS member Carlos Sánchez-Reyes the president of the Cortes. Two years later, the CDS joined the AP in coalition. De Fernando said he was not in favour of any of these events, and people higher up than him in the party made the decisions.
As the CDS collapsed in the early 1990s, De Fernando ran unsuccessfully for the Independent Group of Ávila (AIA) in the 1995 election. He then left politics and returned to pharmacy until his retirement. Upon his death in Ávila at the age of 81, the provincial deputation declared three days of mourning.
# Fat Cat, Norwich

The Fat Cat is a pub at 49 West End Street, Norwich, Norfolk, England.
It was CAMRA's National Pub of the Year for 1998 and 2004.
It is run by the Fat Cat Brewery.
# Rani Sarker

Mosammat Amirun Nesa Khanam, known by her stage name Rani Sarker (born 1931 or 1932 – died 7 July 2018) was a Bangladeshi film actress. She started her acting career in Bengali cinema in the 1960s.
In 2014, she was awarded Bangladesh National Film Award for Lifetime Achievement for her contribution to Bengali films.

## Early life

Sarker was born on Sonatola village of Kaliganj Upazila of Satkhira District to Solaiman Mollah and Asia Khatun. She completed her primary education from Satkhira Sonatala UP school. Afterward, she passed the matriculation examination from Khulna Coronation Girls High School.

## Career

Sarker debuted her acting career as a stage performer in 1958. In the same year, she got her breakthrough in the film Dur Hai Shukh Ka Gao, directed by A. J. Kardar. In 1962, she performed at Ehtesham's Urdu film Chanda. She got to play the lead role in two other notable films Talash and Notun Sur.

## Filmography

* Dur Hain Sukh Ka Gao (1958)
* Chanda (1962)
* Talash (1963)
* Natun Sur (1963)
* Kancher Deyal (1963)
* Sangam (1964)
* Sutorang (1964)
* Behula (1966)
* Bhawal Sannyasi (1966)
* Saifulmulok Badiujjaman (1967)
* Nawab Sirajuddullah (1967)
* Anowara (1967)
* Bandhom
* Ghor Vanga Ghor
* Ke Tumi
* Iss Dharti Paar
* Payse
* Kaise Hoon
* Azam
* Malua
* Arun Barun Kironmala
* Nasghor
* Choddobeshi
* Chokher Joll
* Reshmi Churi
* Nolok
* Motsho Kumari
* Pothe Holo Dekha
* Sai Tufan
* Mayar Sangshar
* Vanumati
* Takar Khela
* Kanch Kata Hirey (1970)
* Nacher Putul (1971)
* Titash Ekti Nadir Naam (1973)
* Somadhan (1973)
* Rangbaaz (1973)
* Shurjogrohon (1976)
* Shurjokonna (1977)
* Sokhi tumi kar (1980)
* Devdas (1982)
* Chandranath (1984)
* Princess Tina Khan (1985)
* Miss Lolita (1985)
* Shuvoda (1986)
* Shyam Saheb (1986)
* Ghani (2006)
* Ayna (2006)
* Ebadat (2009)
* Third Person Singular Number (2009)
* Abujh Bou (2010)
* Karigar (2012)
* Ekee Britte (2013)
* Nekabborer Mohaproyan (2014)
* Grash (2016)
# Rani Sati Mandir Mahuda

Rani Sati Mandir is located at Mahuda area in Dhanbad District, Jharkhand, India. It is a famous temple in this area.
# Farallones de Cosiguina

The Farallones de Cosiguina are a small group of rocky, cliffed islets lying some 10 km off the end of the Cosigüina Peninsula, in the Gulf of Fonseca, on the Pacific coast of Central America. The group is geologically of volcanic origin and belongs to Nicaragua. It is uninhabited, has a high point of 19 m elevation and is vegetated with coastal shrubland. It has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it regularly supports a colony of bridled terns, with 600 breeding pairs recorded in 1994.
# Daniel Mangeas

Daniel Mangeas, (born 10 April 1949) is a former baker who was the commentator of the Tour de France and other important cycle races in France and Belgium between 1974 and 2014. During his career he commentated on 200 events a year, and tried to never speak for the rest of the day after races, to preserve his voice.

## Origins

Mangeas is from Saint-Martin-de-Landelles in Normandy, he was born in Mortain (Manche). He comes from a cycling family. He saw the Tour de France for the first time at the age of four. He also watched his cousin ride. He worked as a baker for 10 years in Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët before being discovered by Albert Bouvet, the deputy director of the Tour de France. Mangeas recounted in an interview with Vélo 101 that he had commentated on table-football games among friends when he was a child, and commented on his first bike race when he was 15 years old.

## Tour de France

He continued commentating after finishing his national service at 21, was heard by Albert Bouvet and recruited for the 1974 Tour de France as deputy speaker. He rode ahead of the race in an air-conditioned Chevrolet ("which were pretty rare at the time") to stand in for the main speaker, Pierre Shori. Shori's car broke down on the Saint-Lary-Soulan stage and Mangeas had to take over at the finish. Until then he had spoken only at the starts and at time trials. He said:
   Raymond Poulidor won and my heart was beating at 180 a minute, but it remains one of my best memories.
He became the main speaker two years later, presenting riders at the start of each day's race for two hours, then driving the length of the race and commentating the last 50 kilometres (31 mi) at the finish.
   Daniel Mangeas is a talking cycling encyclopedia, never using notes, working entirely through improvisation.
Mangeas' commentating has been praised for its energy and his knowledge of details about each rider. On the other hand, he is criticised for presenting an over-optimistic view of the sport of cycling.
# Fat Lip (disambiguation)

Fat Lip may refer to:
* A slang term for a swollen lip
* "Fat Lip", a 2001 song by Sum 41
* "Fat Lip", a song by Robert Plant from his 1982 album Pictures at Eleven
* "Fat Lip," a song by Rocket from the Crypt from their 1995 album Scream, Dracula, Scream!
* Fatlip (born 1969), rapper and member of the group The Pharcyde
# Ray Mears' Northern Wilderness

Ray Mears' Northern Wilderness is a television series hosted by Ray Mears, showing Mears in Canada. The series is broadcast by the BBC.
Mears also released a book of the same title.

## Synopsis

Ray Mears explores the Canadian wilderness. His journey begins in the Boreal Forest at the heart of Canada, where he examines and demonstrates the survival skills of the aboriginal people of the territory. Episode 1 was filmed in Prince Albert National Park, Episode 2 was filmed along the French River in Ontario and Episode 6 was filmed in British Columbia.
# Nagardeole Budruk

Nagardeola Budruk is a village in Pachora tehsil of Jalgaon district in the Maharashtra state, India.

## Demographics

Nagardeola is one of the largest villages in the Jalgaon district. At the 2011 census, Nagardeola had a population of 14,229 in 2,872 households: 7,433 males and 6,796 females.
# Wiveton

Wiveton is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated on the west bank of the River Glaven, 3 km (1.9 mi) inland from the coast and directly across the river from the village of Cley next the Sea. The larger village of Blakeney is 2 km (1.2 mi) to the west, the town of Cromer is 20 km (12 mi) to the east, and the city of Norwich is 40 km (25 mi) to the south-east.
The civil parish has an area of 4.25 km$^2$ (1.64 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 158 in 74 households, the population reducing to 127 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.

## History

The villages name origin is uncertain. 'Wife's farm/settlement' or 'women's farm/settlement'.
Until the 17th century, the River Glaven was navigable and Wiveton was a port. The outline of the former harbour can still be seen in the fields between Wiveton and Cley. Alongside this, marks from mooring ropes belonging to large transport barges can still be seen etched into the wall on the east side of the church. Wiveton was in the national news in 1779 when James Hackman, its newly appointed rector, was hanged for the murder of Martha Ray, mistress of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich.
Wiveton church has a memorial to Royal Geographical Society Gold Medal Winner Lt. Colonel Frederick Marshman Bailey, one of the heroes of 'The Great Game'. Inside the church there is the joint memorial to Anne Fleming and Catherine Jennis.
A series of archaeological test pits were dug around the settlement between 2006 and 2008. The report was published in 2018.
# Ray Schoonover

Ray Schoonover may refer to:
* Ray Schoonover (comics), Marvel Comics character
* Ray H. Schoonover (1896–1966), American businessman and politician