OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fatix Əmirxan

Fatix Əmirxan (Möxəmmətfatix Möxəmmətzarif uğlı Əmirxan; 1886–1926) was a Tatar classic writer, editor and publicist.
Əmirxan was born in 1886 in Kazan, Russian Empire. His father Möxəmmətzarif was a mullah of Old Stone Mosque. He was an author of Qur'anical tafsir and the founder of the Əmirxaniyə madrasa.
Əmirxan graduated Möxəmmədiyə madrasa in Kazan, that was the most prominent Tatar educational institution at that time. In 1906-1907 he lived in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, where he published a Tatar journal for children.
Working in Kazan, Əmirxan was an editor of Əl-İslax (The Renewal). He was published in newspapers Qoyaş (The Sun), Yoldız (The star), İdel (Volga); journals Yalt-yolt (The Lightning) and Añ (The Consciousness).
Fatix Əmirxan is an author of the stories Fətxulla xəzrət (1909), Xəyət (1911); plays Yəşlər (1913), Tigezsezlər (1915); novel Urtalıqta (1912). In this writings he had reflected the problems of Tatar society in the beginning of the 20th century, tried to imagine the human behavior of the future generations. In 1926, he criticized the dogmatism and fanaticism of the Bolshevism in satiric manner. Əmirxan was a follower of realism and upheld national character in literature. Fatix Əmirxan explored the heritage of Tatar enlighteners, such as Qayum Nasıyri, wrote articles on the works of Ğəliəsğar Kamal, Ğafur Qoləxmətov. Əmirxan was one of the admirers of Tuqay's literary works and his close friend. For many years Əmirxan was paralyzed and eventually died of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1926.
# Flags of Charles III

King Charles III has and has had a variety of flags to represent him as a prince, duke, and, eventually, head of state of three of his 15 realms; in the latter case, the heraldic flags are the nation's coat of arms in banner form. The flags are usually used on any building, ship, car, or aircraft where Charles is present.

## As Prince of Wales

Prince Charles had six personal standards prior to his accession as King. As Prince of Wales, his primary standard consisted of four quarters consisting of three lions passant for England, a lion rampant for Scotland, and a Gaelic harp for Ireland, superimposed with the arms of Llywelyn the Great.
* Prince of Wales (used throughout the United Kingdom and abroad)
* Prince of Wales (used in Wales)
* Prince and Great Steward of Scotland and Lord of the Isles (used in Scotland)
* Duke of Rothesay (used in Scotland)
* Duke of Cornwall (used in Cornwall)
* Prince of Wales (used in Canada)

## As sovereign
### United Kingdom

Upon the death of his mother, Prince Charles became King Charles III and, therefore, inherited two versions of the royal standard of the United Kingdom: one for use inside of Scotland and one for use outside of Scotland. The latter is used to represent the King not only in the United Kingdom, aside from Scotland, but, also overseas when he makes state visits. It is the British royal arms in banner form undifferentiated.
* The standard of Charles III, King of the United Kingdom, used throughout the United Kingdom and abroad
* The standard of Charles III, King of the United Kingdom, used in Scotland

### Canada

Charles possesses a Canadian standard, called the Sovereign's Flag for Canada, to represent him not only in Canada, but, also overseas when he makes state or official visits as King of Canada. The flag was unveiled on 6 May 2023, the day of Charles' coronation, and consists of the escutcheon of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada in banner form.
* The standard of Charles III, King of Canada, used throughout Canada and abroad

### Australia

On 30 August 2024, a personal flag for use in Australia was approved by the King. The flag consists of a banner of the coat of arms of Australia. It was flown for the first time during the King's royal tour in October 2024.
* The standard of Charles III, King of Australia, used throughout Australia and abroad
# Lisa Seminara

Lisa Seminara is American politician from the state of Connecticut. She was the senator for the 8th Senate District from 2023 to 2025 and is a member of the Republican Party. She was elected in November 2022, and was defeated for re-election in November 2024 by Paul Honig.
Seminara is a social worker by profession.
Prior to her election to the state Senate, she was a member of the Avon School Board.
# Lin Chiang-yi

Lin Chiang-yi (Chinese: 林江義; pinyin: Lín Jiāngyì; born 30 October 1949), also known as Mayaw Dongi, is a Taiwanese politician. He served as the Minister of the Council of Indigenous Peoples (CIP) from 1 August 2013 until 20 May 2016. He is of Amis descent, one of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan.

## Education and early career

Lin obtained his bachelor's degree in law from National Taiwan University in 1974. He then obtained his master's degree in ethnology from National Chengchi University in 2004.
Upon graduation from his bachelor's degree university, Lin worked as an officer at Yanping Township Office in Taitung County in 1977–1980. In 1980, he worked as an officer of the Subsection Chief and Secretary of the Department of Civil Affairs of the Taiwan Provincial Government until 1987. He then moved to the Ministry of the Interior where he worked as Specialist and Section Chief of the Department of Civil Affairs in 1987–1996. In 1996–1997, he worked as the Chief Secretary of the Indigenous Peoples Commission of the Taipei City Government. In 1997, he started to work as the Director of Department of Education and Culture and the Department of Planning of the CIP. After receiving his master's degree in 2004, he worked as the Chief Secretary of the CIP until 2008.

## CIP Ministry
### Hla’alua and Kanakanvu tribes recognition

Speaking at Legislative Yuan plenary session in February 2014, Lin said that the Hla’alua and Kanakanvu tribe of Taiwanese aborigines can be recognized as the 15th and 16th aboriginal tribes, stating that those two groups are still currently treated as part of the Tsou group of Kaohsiung.

### Declining of the aboriginal language use

In August 2014, Lin voiced his concern with the declining usage of Taiwan aboriginal languages among the Taiwanese aborigines. He called on the aborigines to put more efforts to reviving their languages, warning that ethnic groups would vanish soon after their languages disappear. He made the remarks after a survey done on the Amis, Bunun, Nataoran, Puyuma, Saisiyat and Thao languages. The survey also revealed that Puyuma language would be added to the endangered languages list.
# Indonesia–Suriname relations

Indonesia and Suriname established diplomatic relations on 24 January 1976. Both had a special relationship, based upon shared common history as former colonies of the Dutch Empire. Large numbers of Javanese migrated to Suriname to work on plantations during the late 19th and early 20th-centuries. Indonesia has an embassy in Paramaribo also accredited to the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, while Suriname has an embassy in Jakarta. Indonesia and Suriname are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation.

## Country comparison

| Common name | Indonesia | Suriname |
| Official name | Republic of Indonesia | Republic of Suriname |
| Coat of arms | | |
| Flag | | |
| Capital | Jakarta | Paramaribo |
| Largest city | Jakarta | Paramaribo |
| Government | Unitary presidential republic | Unitary assembly-independent republic |
| Population | 282,477,584 | 632,638 |
| Official language | Indonesian | Dutch |
| Current leader | Prabowo Subianto | Chan Santokhi |
| Religion | Islam | Christianity, Hinduism, Islam |

## History

The historical links between Indonesia and Suriname dating back to the migration of Indonesians (especially Javanese) to Suriname in 1890. During colonial Dutch East Indies in 19th-century, to fulfill labor need in its other colonies, the Dutch began to send large numbers of Javanese to work in Suriname. Most of them works in plantation and agriculture sectors. Today, around 70,000 citizens, or 15 percent of Suriname's demographic, have Javanese descent; some of its officials, such as cabinet ministers, are also Javanese. Bilateral diplomatic relations were officially established in 1975, although there had been an Indonesian Consulate General in Paramaribo since 1964.

## Economy and trade

Indonesia sees Suriname as a strategic partner in the region, as its gate and trade hub to enter the Latin America market. The volume of bilateral trade in 2012, reached US$8.9 million in favour to Indonesia. In 2012 Indonesia's exports to Suriname was $7.1 million while imports was $1.8 million, resulting in $5.3 million surplus in trade balances for Indonesia. Indonesia sells textile, furniture, clothes, household equipments, plastic equipments, shoes, cooking ingredients and musical instruments to Suriname.

## Culture

Indonesian's Yogyakarta and Suriname's Commewijne, signed sister cities agreement on 4 April 2011. The common Javanese culture among Javanese Indonesian and Javanese Surinamese also bridges the common cultural and historical links between two countries.
# Custodia Bank

Custodia Bank, previously known as Avanti Bank, is a Cheyenne, Wyoming-based bank specializing on crypto currencies.

## Founding and regulatory concerns

Wyoming's state legislature has sought to position the state as a crypto-friendly hub, and has passing several laws to enable state-chartered crypto banks called Special Purpose Depository Institutions (SPDIs).
The bank's founder, Caitlin Long, has played a significant role in shaping Wyoming’s crypto-friendly banking legislation. And the bank has benefited from a series of state laws facilitating digital asset banking.
In 2020, after Custodia secured a Wyoming state banking charter, it raised $37 million from venture investors but has since faced regulatory push back at the federal level.
Critics argue that the laws enabling the creation of Custodia were designed to favor large crypto players rather than fostering broader financial innovation. Custodia was one of four such SPDIs in Wyoming but has remained largely inactive while its Federal Reserve application was pending.

## Federal Reserve application and lawsuit

On January 27, 2023, The Federal Reserve Board officially denied Custodia’s application for Federal Reserve System membership, citing "significant safety and soundness risks." The rejection added to concerns about the viability of crypto banking in Wyoming. Other concerns were how handling digital assets could bypass traditional oversight, raising issues of money laundering and financial instability.due to concerns over its fee-based business model, lack of FDIC insurance, and acceptance of crypto assets like Bitcoin and Ether as deposits.
Custodia filed a lawsuit against the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in June of 2022, arguing that its application was unjustly delayed. Custodia’s legal argument hinges on the Monetary Control Act of 1980, which it claims guarantees all banks access to Fed services, a position supported by digital asset groups and bipartisan legal experts but opposed by federal regulators. The case reached a judge’s decision on March 2024, ruling against Custodia, but the bank is appealing the decision in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit.
By late 2024 the bank laid off nine of its 36 employees to preserve capital amid its ongoing legal battle with the Federal Reserve Long attributed the layoffs to what she called "Operation Choke Point 2.0," a federal effort that she claims is restricting crypto firms’
Major banking groups, including the American Bankers Association and Wyoming Bankers Association, have sided with the Fed, arguing that granting Custodia access could pose risks to the financial system.
# Jayme Davis

Jayme M. Davis is an American politician serving as a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives since 2022. Originally elected to represent district 9A, she has represented the reconstituted 9th district since 2024.

## Personal life

Davis resides in Rolette, North Dakota. She is a citizen of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians.
# Nantucket Nectars

Nantucket Nectars is an American beverage company created by Tom First and Tom Scott, which began as a small business selling a variety of items to yachts in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Eventually they began selling juice blends that were originally inspired by a peach nectar Tom First had while on a visit to Spain. Today the brand is owned by Keurig Dr Pepper and offers drinks in several different flavors.
Originally the beverage was sold in 16 fluid-ounce glass bottles with caps that featured information about Nantucket Harbor and the history of Nantucket Nectars. Now the drinks come in 15.9 fl oz (470 mL) bottles made with 100% recycled plastic (excluding the cap and label).
The success of "Tom and Tom," as the business duo became known, has become a piece of modern business lore. The company was featured on the Inc. 500's list of 500 fastest growing U.S. companies for five years in a row. The story of how they grew their brand is the subject of a popular Harvard Business School case study, which was published in 1998 by Jon Biotti, Joseph Lassiter, and William A. Sahlman.

## History

Tom First and Tom Scott met at Brown University in 1985. After graduation, they headed to Nantucket where they started Allserve, a floating convenience store servicing boats in Nantucket Harbor, delivering everything from newspapers to laundry. In 1989, First attempted to recreate for a Nantucket cooking competition a peach drink that he drank on a regular basis while on a trip to Spain. After successfully re-creating the taste, the two began mixing the juice in a blender, pasteurizing it, and bottling it themselves for sale on their boat. Their juice was originally sold for $1 from recycled wine bottles. It was not until later that they decided to call it Nantucket Nectars.
One of their first big investors was Michael Egan, who was involved in turning around the Alamo Rent a Car business. They reported $1 million in sales in 1993, $6 million in 1994, and $15 million in 1995. In 1994, they decided to focus solely on creating and selling their juices. The business then moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Ocean Spray purchased an 80% stake in Nantucket Nectars in 1997 and then sold to London-based Cadbury Schweppes PLC in 2002. The brand was owned by Plano, Texas–based Dr Pepper Snapple Group and is now owned by Burlington MA based Keurig Dr Pepper. The founders are no longer involved in the day-to-day operations, but still perform marketing duties and voice the radio ads.
In advertisement campaigns including on radio and television, Tom and Tom often refer to themselves as "The Juice Guys".

## Flavors

Nantucket Nectars come in a variety of different flavors. These include:
* Lemon Tea
* Half and Half
* Orange Mango
* Pavis' St. Joe River Punch
* Pineapple Orange Guava
* Pomegranate Cherry
* Pomegranate Pear
* Red Plum
* Carrot Orange Mango
* Squeezed Lemonade
* Garza's Grapeade
* Kiwi Berry
* Guava
* Peach Orange
* Pineapple Orange Banana
* Pressed Apple
* Premium Orange
* Watermelon Strawberry
* Big Cranberry
* Mango Lemonade
# Ben Collins (reporter)

Ben Collins is an American businessman and journalist from Massachusetts. He was a former reporter for the news division of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), and became the CEO of the media company Global Tetrahedron, which owns The Onion, in 2024.

## Early life and education

Collins is from the U.S. state of Massachusetts. His mother is a librarian. He attended Emerson College between 2006 and 2010. While enrolled at Emerson, he was a music columnist for The Berkeley Beacon, the college's student newspaper. During college, he was a roommate of Chris Hurst, with whom he co-hosted a radio show as an undergraduate.

## Professional career
### Early career and Esquire

Following his graduation from Emerson, Collins began his career at Slam before performing social media work for Hulu. Following his time at Hulu, Collins became a news editor of Esquire in 2013, where he remained for a year until he was hired by The Daily Beast.

### The Daily Beast

Between 2014 and 2018, Collins worked in various roles for The Daily Beast as a senior news editor and technology reporter. While Collins was employed at The Daily Beast, Hurst's girlfriend Alison Parker was shot and killed on live television. Though Collins had not met Parker, the incident and its aftermath deeply affected him; he decided to pursue reporting about online conspiracy theories and the far right after that.
At The Daily Beast, Collins frequently reported alongside researcher Brandy Zadrozny, who had joined the publication in 2013. When offered an opportunity to work at NBC News in March 2018, Collins accepted it on the condition that he would be allowed to bring Zadrozny along to join him.

### NBC News

In 2018, Collins and Zadrozny departed The Daily Beast to join NBC News. Collins has received special recognition from the 2023 Walter Cronkite Awards for Excellence in Television Political Journalism.
In December 2022, following controversial comments Collins made on social media that NBC says ran afoul of its social media standards, NBC temporarily suspended Collins from covering Elon Musk and Twitter.

### Global Tetrahedron

In April 2024, Collins was announced as the CEO of Global Tetrahedron, a company that has purchased the satirical website The Onion. Its name is a reference to a fictional company described in Onion publications. The purchase originated from a post by Collins on Bluesky after news broke that then-owner G/O was looking to offload the magazine among other titles. On November 14, 2024, Collins won the assets of website InfoWars at auction with support of the families of victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. The federal judge overseeing the bankruptcy case of Jones, Christopher Lopez, ordered an evidentiary hearing regarding the auction, saying "I’m going to figure out exactly what happened" and that "no one should feel comfortable with the results of this auction.”
# Gudiyattam block

The Gudiyattam block is a revenue block in the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 44 panchayat villages.
# Bavarian Pt 2/5 H

The Bavarian Class Pt 2/5 H locomotive of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) was built by Krauss for the Nuremberg Trade Fair in 1906. Because this locomotive could no longer fully meet the performance requirements at that time, it remained a one-off. It was nevertheless taken over by the Reichsbahn and retired in 1933. The loco had a superheated steam system.
The engine was scrapped after retirement.
# Muhammed Al-Jasser

Muhammad Sulaiman Al Jasser (Arabic: محمد سليمان الجاسر‎; born 1955) is a Saudi economist who is currently the chairman of the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) group former advisor at the General Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia and chairman of the General Authority for Competition. He served as minister of economy and planning between 2011 and 2015. He also previously served as governor and board chairman of the Saudi Arabian Central Bank (SAMA) between 2009 and 2011. Prior to that, he served as executive director at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) between 1990 and 1995.

## Early life and education

Al Jasser was born in Buraidah in 1955. He studied economics at San Diego State University (BA in 1979), and the University of California, Riverside (MA in 1981 and PhD in 1986).

## Career

Al Jasser began his career at the Saudi finance ministry in 1981. He was named the executive director for Saudi Arabia at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1988. His tenure lasted until 1995. He joined the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA) in 1995 as vice governor of SAMA and vice chairman of the SAMA board. He served in this post until 2009. He was also named as acting deputy minister of finance and national economy for budget and organization in 1995. He served as the director of the Saudi Arabian Mining Company until 2009.
Al Jasser became governor of SAMA in February 2009, replacing Hamad Al Sayari. He was also appointed the first chairman of the Gulf Monetary Council on 30 March 2010. The task of this organisation is to establish a united central bank and common currency for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). He also chaired state-controlled Saudi Telecom, and is a member on the boards of various national and regional finance institutions including the Islamic Development Bank and Arab Monetary Fund. Al Jasser was appointed minister of economy and planning on 13 December 2011, replacing Khalid bin Mohammed Al Gosaibi, who had been in the post since 2003. Al Jasser's term as minister of economy and planning ended on 29 April 2015 when he was replaced by Adel Fakeih in the post.

## Recognition and honors

Al Jasser is described as a well-regarded technocrat by James Reeve, senior economist at Samba Financial Group in London.
Al Jasser is the recipient of the King Abdulaziz Medal of the First Order. In 2009, he was named by the Middle East as one of the 50 most influential Arabs in the world.
# Zbiór potrzebniejszych wiadomości

Zbiór potrzebniejszych wiadomości (A Collection of Essential Information), a two-volume work by Ignacy Krasicki published 1781–83, was one of the first Polish encyclopedias.

## History

Krasicki's Polish encyclopedia followed Jan Protasowicz's Inventores rerum (1608), Stanisław Stokowski's Encyclopaedia Natvralis Entis (1637), and Benedykt Chmielowski's Nowe Ateny (The New Athens, 1745).
The Polish poet and writer Ignacy Krasicki was inspired to produce his encyclopedia by the work of the French Encyclopédistes, including Denis Diderot, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, and Voltaire, whom he had met while visiting France.
Krasicki later expanded his Collection, which eventually reached six volumes that were published in Warsaw after his death as part of a collected edition of Krasicki's works. The six-volume edition, published in 1828–33 by Adam Jakubowski, was printed by Natan Glücksberg.
# Glossina tachinoides

Glossina tachinoides is one of the 23 recognized species of tsetse flies (genus Glossina), and it belongs to the riverine/palpalis group (subgenus Nemorhina). Glossina tachinoides can transmit African trypanosomiasis, including both the form affecting livestock and the one affecting humans.

## Distribution

Glossina tachinoides was known to occur in a broad belt in western Africa and central Africa, from Guinea in the West to the Central African Republic in the East, with a separate population further to the East in western Ethiopia.
Data on the occurrence of G. tachinoides in the peer-reviewed scientific literature for the period 1990–2020 is available for 13 countries. These countries are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Togo, while reports from Guinea, Sudan and present-day South Sudan date back to earlier periods.
# Of Paradise and Power

Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order is an essay by Robert Kagan which attempts to explicate the differing approaches that the United States and the nations of Europe take towards the conduct of foreign policy. Kagan argues that the two have different philosophical outlooks on the use of power, which are the natural consequence of the United States' possession of power and the Europeans' lack of it.
Initially published in Policy Review magazine, the essay was widely read and the subject of extensive debate and commentary in both America and Europe. In terms of its impact, it was compared by reviewers to Francis Fukuyama's The End of History and the Last Man, Samuel P. Huntington's The Clash of Civilizations, and even George Kennan's X Article.
Of Paradise and Power was a bestseller in multiple countries. It was a New York Times bestseller for ten weeks. It was also a bestseller in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, and Canada. It has been translated into more than 25 languages.