OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bartolomé Masó, Cuba

Bartolomé Masó (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality and town in the Granma Province of Cuba.

## Overview

The municipality was named after the Cuban patriot Bartolomé Masó Márquez. It is the home of the Comandancia General de La Plata, headquarters of the Cuban revolutionaries around Fidel Castro and today a museum, located in the Sierra Maestra mountains.

## Demographics

In 2022, the municipality of Bartolomé Masó had a population of 46,711. With a total area of 629 km$^2$ (243 sq mi), it has a population density of 74/km$^2$ (190/sq mi).

## 2024 Earthquake

On 10 November 2024, a 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck the coast of southeastern Cuba at UTC 05:00. The location of the earthquake was measured to be just about 40 miles away SSW of Bartolomé Masó according to https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards. The earthquake’s strength was felt along the coast of Cuba causing flooding, and major destruction. According to The New York Times, The quakes damaged homes and powerlines and caused landslides in the coastal provinces of Santiago de Cuba and Granma, Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez said on X. He urged people in those areas to stay outside in open spaces. “The first and most essential thing is to save lives.” Mr. Díaz-Canel said.

## Climate

Bartolomé Masó has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw).
Climate data for Bartolome Maso :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.3 (86.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.5 (90.5) | 31.9 (89.4) | 30.8 (87.4) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.3 (84.7) | 30.8 (87.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.0 (78.8) | 26.5 (79.7) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.9 (78.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.5 (68.9) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 21.7 (71.1) | 20.6 (69.1) | 22.2 (71.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.0 (0.35) | 8.1 (0.32) | 12.6 (0.50) | 24.9 (0.98) | 66.4 (2.61) | 76.0 (2.99) | 83.6 (3.29) | 93.5 (3.68) | 86.4 (3.40) | 74.2 (2.92) | 28.3 (1.11) | 14.0 (0.55) | 577 (22.7) |
| Source: Weather.Directory ||||||||||||||
# Hywel R. Thomas

Hywel Rhys Thomas is a British scientist researching in the area of civil engineering, who is known for his work on the behaviour of unsaturated soils. He is Professor of Civil Engineering and founder director of the Geoenvironmental Research Centre at Cardiff University, and served as a pro-vice chancellor of that university (2010–18). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2012 and has been president of the Learned Society of Wales since 2020.

## Career

Thomas was a senior research assistant at University College, Swansea in 1978. In 1980, he joined Cardiff University as successively lecturer, senior lecturer and reader; he was appointed Professor of Civil Engineering in 1995. He has also held the posts of Senior Deputy Head (1999–2002) and then director of the Cardiff School of Engineering (2002–2010). He was also a pro-vice chancellor of Cardiff University (2010–2018), and since 1996 he has been the founder director of the university's Geoenvironmental Research Centre. As of 2023, he is also a distinguished research professor at Swansea University.
He has also worked with the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and UNESCO.

## Research

Thomas is known for his research into the behaviour of unsaturated soils. He researches high-speed aerodynamics, data analysis, geoenvironmental and geotechnical engineering; his main research interests are "Coupled Processes in the Ground" and other geoenvironmental issues, such as flow problems in soils in rocks, nuclear waste, land regeneration and sustainability. He develops computer models to understand the movement of chemicals and gases at different temperatures and water pressures, and with different applied mechanical forces.

## Honours and awards

He is an elected fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering (2003), the Transport Research Foundation (2005), the Learned Society of Wales (2011) and the Royal Society of London (2012), a member of the Academia Europaea (2012) and an elected foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2021). His awards include the Dufton Silver Medal of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (1999). In 2017, he was appointed CBE for services to academic research and higher education. He has served as president of the Learned Society of Wales since 2020.

## Selected publications

Thomas' highest-cited research articles are:
* H. R. Thomas, P. Cleall, Y.-C. Li, C. Harris, M. Kern-Luetschg (2009). Modelling of cryogenic processes in permafrost and seasonally frozen soils. Géotechnique 59 (3): 173–84 doi:10.1680/geot.2009.59.3.173
* H. R. Thomas, Y. He (1995). Analysis of coupled heat, moisture and air transfer in a deformable unsaturated soil. Géotechnique 45 (4): 677–89 doi:10.1680/geot.1995.45.4.677
# All Things at Once

All Things at Once is a 2010 memoir by American television host Mika Brzezinski with American journalist Daniel Paisner, published by Berkley Prime Crime.It describes Brzezinski's time as a journalist. She decided to write the book upon seeing astonishment after advising women in early portions of their career paths that they should have children as soon as they can.
In January 2010, the book became a New York Times Best Seller.

## Reception

Kirkus Reviews described the book as "intriguing".
Publishers Weekly stated that Brzezinski's advice to female readers in regards to career and children is "a refreshingly pragmatic approach".
# Sonja Smith

Sonja Ndahafa Smith (born 3 April 1990) is a Namibian Investigative journalist. She has reported and investigated sensitive political stories including the Caprivi treason trial case.

## Early life and career

Smith was born to Kwanyama and Ngandjera parents in 1990, just after the Independence of Namibia. She began working for The Villager in 2013 as a Columnist. In October 2014, she joined another Namibian newspaper, Confidentè where she reported on news leads, as well as human interest features and court stories. Smith also focused on the unfolding Caprivi treason trial.
In October 2015, Smith joined the Windhoek Observer which as a political journalist where she rose to prominence key investigate stories in the country.

## Freelancing

In 25 June 2018, Smith started freelancing for The Namibian. Her first freelancing article was when she broke a secretive deal between the Namibian government which was without approval and knowledge of treasury. The deal was reversed after Smith’s article the next day by Namibia’s finance minister- Calle Schlettwein on 26 June 2018.
# Shiva mask

Shiva’s mask is an integral part of the folk religious rituals in Nabadwip. This mask is crafted during the month of Chaitra (a month in the Bengali calendar), coinciding with the marriage ceremony of Shiva-Parvati, and is deeply intertwined with the traditional Shaivite culture.
Although referred to as a mask, it is actually a sculpture made of clay. This multicolored mask stands as a remarkable example of folk art, and the artisan Narayan Pal continues to craft such sculptures to this day. Among the traditional and endangered clay figures preserved and showcased by the Biswa Bangla stall, the Mask of Shiva from Nabadwip holds a prominent position.

## Structure and description

The mask is made by molding raw clay into shape. Once molded, it is left to dry under the sun. The sculpture is then painted white, and details such as eyes, nose, and ears are drawn onto it. A golden headdress (topor) is then added to the mask. The headdress or crown is decorated with a hooded snake motif atop it, symbolizing Shiva’s connection with serpents.

## Rituals and festivals

The mask is crafted during the month of Chaitra to celebrate Shiva's marriage. It is arranged ceremonially and taken door-to-door in the community. Donations collected from households are used to fund Shiva’s marriage festivities. Typically, young boys organize these marriage events for Shiva.
# Kroksbäck

Kroksbäck is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Borough of Hyllie, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.
# Chornobyl.3828

Chernobyl.3828, is a 2011 Ukrainian documentary film about the Chernobyl disaster. Directed by Serhiy Zabolotnyi, it is dedicated to the "liquidators" who were involved in cleaning the most dangerous areas of the plant roof, the "Masha" ("M") zone. The film is named for the 3,828 people who worked in this area.

## Plot

Twenty-five years have passed since Valeriy Starodumov worked as a dosimeter scout in September 1986. Valeriy worked at the epicenter of the explosion, the reactor's operation area, which was the most radioactive part of the site. The protagonist, a direct participant in the operation, went to the roof himself and brought people there after a failed attempt to clear the area with robots. At the government level, it was decided to assign soldiers and cadets of military schools to the task of cleaning the roofs. Unique pictures of the events of 1986 are widely used in the film. Chernobyl.3828 is dedicated to people who saved the world from the radioactive contamination at the cost of their health and life.
The film director Serhiy Zabolotnyi commented, "We all know what happened on April 26, 1986, but we know next to nothing about the events of the summer and autumn of 1986. Chernobyl.3828 is just one of many stories you need to know and remember."

## Awards

* 2012 — Grand Prix at the Kyiv International Film Festival of Documentary Films "Kinolitopys"
* 2017 — Special Recognition for CHERNOBYL.3828 at the Uranium Film Festival
# Merom Generating Station

Merom Generating Station is a 2-unit, 1080 MW rated coal-fired power plant located between Merom, Indiana, and Sullivan, Indiana, which has been in operation since 1982. It is owned by Hallador Energy Company, who acquired it from Hoosier Energy effective October 21, 2022.
On January 21, 2020, Hoosier Energy announced that the company expected to retire the facility in 2023. On February 15, 2022, Hoosier Energy and Hallador announced that Hallador would acquire the generating station. On October 21, 2022 the companies announced that the acquisition was finalized.

## Turtle Creek Reservoir

The 1,600-acre Turtle Creek Reservoir is located adjacent to the generating station and serves as its cooling source. It is owned by Hoosier Energy, and is open to the public for seasonal fishing and waterfowl hunting.

## Environmental impact
### Air pollution

* 2006 CO$_2$ Emissions: 7,064,920 tons
* 2006 SO$_2$ Emissions: 14,847 tons
* 2006 NOx Emissions: 7,808 tons
* 2005 Mercury Emissions: 162 pounds (73 kg)

## Legal settlement

In July 2010 a settlement agreement was reached between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Hoosier Energy to reduce emissions that are regulated under the Clean Air Act. The settlement included a civil penalty and a commitment to upgrade the air pollution controls at two power plants in Indiana, Merom Generating Station and Frank E. Ratts Generating Station.
# Kevin Deeromram

Kevin Deeromram (Thai: เควิน ดีรมรัมย์, born 11 September 1997) is a professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Thai League 1 club Port. Born in Sweden, he plays for the Thailand national team.

## International career

On 6 June 2017, Deeromram made the debut for Thailand in the friendly match against Uzbekistan.
In March 2022, he was called up by Thailand national team for friendly match against Nepal and Suriname.

## Personal life

Deeromram was born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a Thai mother from Buriram.

## Career statistics

    As of 16 November 2023
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Thailand | 2017 | 1 | 0 |
| Thailand | 2022 | 2 | 0 |
| Thailand | 2023 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 4 | 0 |

## Honours

Port
* Thai FA Cup: 2019
Thailand U23
* Sea Games: 2017
# George Montagu, 9th Earl of Sandwich

George Charles Montagu, 9th Earl of Sandwich (29 December 1874 – 15 June 1962), known as George Montagu until 1916, was a British Conservative politician.
Sandwich was the son of Rear-Admiral the Hon. Victor Alexander Montagu, second son of John Montagu, 7th Earl of Sandwich. His mother was Lady Agneta Harriet, daughter of Charles Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke. He was Assistant Private Secretary to the Board of Trade from 1898 to 1900. The latter year he was returned to Parliament for Huntingdon, a seat he held until 1906. In 1916 Sandwich succeeded his uncle in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. He served as chairman of the Central Prisoners of War Committee from November 1917 until 1919. He later served as Lord-Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire between 1922 and 1946.

## Marriage and family

Lord Sandwich married twice. His first marriage was to Alberta Sturges, daughter of William Sturges of New York City, at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, in 1905. The couple had four children:
* Alexander Victor Edward Paulet Montagu (22 May 1906 – 25 February 1995); succeeded as the 10th Earl of Sandwich before disclaiming the title two years later. He was succeeded in the title by his son John.
* Hon. William Drogo Sturges Montagu (29 May 1908 – 26 January 1940); married the Hon. Janet Gladys Aitken (1908–1988), former wife of Ian Campbell (later 11th Duke of Argyll). He died during World War II.
* Lady Mary Faith Montagu (1 November 1911 – 16 February 1983)
* Lady Elizabeth Montagu (4 July 1917 – 10 January 2006)
In 1944, Lord Sandwich passed his estate and mansion to his first son, Victor, and moved to a cottage.
Following his first wife's death in October 1951, George Montagu remarried on 13th December 1952 to a widowed religious aide from Hollywood's Vedanta temple, Amiya Corbin (née Ella Lillian Sully, 28 January 1902 - February 1986), an English-born American citizen. Following the wedding, Lady Sandwich moved to the Hinshingbrook estate at Huntingdon with her husband.
He died in June 1962, aged 87, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Victor, who was also a Conservative politician.
# Samuel P. Hoyt House

The Samuel P. Hoyt House was built starting in 1863 in Hoytsville, Utah. Never fully completed, work stopped in 1870. The house is significant as the home of a prominent early settler, of unusually large and elaborate construction for the time and place.

## History

Samuel Pierce Hoyt was born in Chester, New Hampshire on November 21, 1807. In 1834 he married Emily Smith. An acquaintance of Joseph Smith, he converted to the Church of the Latter Day Saints in 1834. After a spell in Massachusetts the Hoyts moved to Utah in 1851, joining with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In Utah, Hoyt was involved in the building of the proposed territorial capitol in Fillmore. He married his second wife, Emma Bumbridge, in 1856. In 1861 Hoyt moved to Summit County, building a gristmill in 1862. In 1863 he started work on the house. In the late 1860s he established a ranch near Kamas, where his second wife resided and where Hoyt spent the last years of his life, his first wife remaining in the house in Hoytsville. Hoyt died on August 12, 1889. In 1957 the house was purchased by George Carroll Crittenden and his wife, Luella Nicholas Crittenden. The Crittendens began restoration on and resided in the house.

## Description

The Hoyt House is a 2+1⁄2-story house in the Georgian style, built in dressed and coursed ashlar sandstone. According to its entry on the National Register of Historic Places, it is the finest example of Georgian-style architecture in Utah. It has a center-passage double-pile plan, two rooms deep, five bays across the front. The hall ends at a formal dining room, and is flanked by sitting and service rooms. The house has 14 rooms, nine of them with fireplaces. The main living level features murals by a local artist named Olson. A full basement includes a well, near the basement kitchen, which in turn was connected to the upstairs by a dumbwaiter.
The Samuel P. Hoyt House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 19, 1982.
# Cursed image

A cursed image refers to a picture (usually a photograph) that is perceived as mysterious or disturbing due to its content, poor quality, or a combination of the two. A cursed image is intended to make a person question the reason for the image's existence in the first place. The term was coined on social media in 2015 and popularised the following year.

## History

The concept of "cursed images" originates from a Tumblr blog, cursedimages, in 2015. The first image posted by the account shows an elderly farmer surrounded by crates of red tomatoes in a wood-paneled room. In a 2019 interview with Paper, the blog's owner described the aforementioned image as follows: "It's the perfect cursed image to me because there's nothing inherently unsettling about any part of it. It's a totally mundane moment transformed into something else by the camera and the new context I've given it."
While the term "cursed image" had been used on Tumblr since 2015, it became more widely popularized by July 2016 due to the Twitter account @cursedimages. In a 2016 interview with Gizmodo writer Hudson Hongo, the owner of the account explained that he had seen "one or two" posts on Tumblr containing "unexplainable and odd" pictures that were simply captioned "cursed image". Intrigued by the pictures, the owner of the account began searching for similar images and after finding more photographs in that vein, decided to "post them all in one place". That same year, Brian Feldman of New York magazine interviewed Doug Battenhausen, the owner of the Tumblr blog internethistory, which also posts "cursed images". Feldman asked Battenhausen about the appeal of "cursed images", to which Battenhausen replied: "It's a lot of things. It's the mystery of the photo, it's the strange aesthetics of them, it's seeing a place that you've never seen before, or an intimate glimpse into somebody's life."
Feldman attributes the "cursed" aesthetic to the nature of digital photography in the early 2000s, where point-and-shoot cameras lacked modern filters and were often used with "blaring" flash, and where a photo would be taken more for archival purposes than performative social media sharing. Feldman regards such photography as "not old enough to scan as 'vintage', but not well-manicured enough to be recognizable as contemporary", and sees this as an instance of the uncanny valley.
The opposite of a cursed image is a "blessed image." The term "blursed image" has also been popularized, particularly on the social media platform Reddit, combining the words blessed and cursed to describe images that could fit into both categories.
# List of things named after Paul Erdős

The following are named after Paul Erdős:

## Theorems

* de Bruijn–Erdős theorem (graph theory)
* de Bruijn–Erdős theorem (incidence geometry)
* Davenport–Erdős theorem
* Erdős–Anning theorem
* Erdős–Beck theorem
* Erdős–Dushnik–Miller theorem
* Erdős–Fuchs theorem
* Erdős–Gallai theorem
* Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv theorem
* Erdős–Kac theorem
* Erdős–Kaplansky theorem
* Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem
* Erdős–Nagy theorem
* Erdős–Pósa theorem
* Erdős–Rado theorem
* Erdős–Stone theorem
* Erdős–Szekeres theorem
* Erdős–Szemerédi theorem
* Erdős–Tetali theorem
* Erdős–Wintner theorem
* Erdős–Mordell inequality
* Chung–Erdős inequality
* Erdős–Turán inequality
* Hsu–Robbins–Erdős theorem
* Erdős arcsine law

## Conjectures

* Erdős conjecture — a list of numerous conjectures named after Erdős; See also List of conjectures by Paul Erdős.
** Erdős–Turán conjecture on additive bases
** Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions
** Erdős discrepancy problem
** Erdős distinct distances problem
** Burr–Erdős conjecture
** Cameron–Erdős conjecture
** Erdős–Faber–Lovász conjecture
** Erdős–Graham conjecture — see Erdős–Graham problem
** Erdős–Hajnal conjecture
** Erdős–Gyárfás conjecture
** Erdős–Straus conjecture
** Erdős sumset conjecture
** Erdős–Szekeres conjecture
** Erdős–Turán conjecture (disambiguation)
** Erdős–Turán conjecture on additive bases
** Erdős–Ulam problem
** Erdős–Moser equation

## Definitions

* Erdős cardinal
* Erdős–Nicolas number
* Erdős–Diophantine graph
* Erdős–Rényi model
* Erdős space
* Erdős–Woods number

### Constants

* Copeland–Erdős constant
* Erdős–Tenenbaum–Ford constant

## Other

* Erdős number
** Erdős–Bacon number
* Erdős Prize
* Erdős Lectures
* Paul Erdős Award of the World Federation of National Mathematics Competitions
# Terminal 1 of Shuangliu International Airport station

Terminal 1 of Shuangliu International Airport (Chinese: 双流机场1航站楼) is a station on Line 10 of the Chengdu Metro in China. It was opened on 6 September 2017. The station serves Terminal 1 of Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport.

## Station layout

| G | Entrances and Exits | Exits A, C, D |
| B1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 10 to Taipingyuan (Jinhua) |
| Island platform, doors open on the left ||
| B2 | Southbound | → Line 10 to Xinping (Terminal 2 of Shuangliu International Airport) → |

## Gallery

* Entrance C
* Concourse
* Platform
# Julius Wagner

Julius Frank "Hans" Wagner (May 1, 1905 – August 29, 1960) was an American college football and wrestling coach. He served as the head football coach at Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts—now known as Colorado State University—from 1942 to 1946. Wagner was an outstanding player on the 1925 Colorado Agricultural football team of Harry W. Hughes. A native of Westcliffe, Colorado, Wagner was also one of the premier wrestlers in Colorado during the 1920s and following his graduation in 1927, he became the head coach of wrestling and assistant coach of football at Colorado Agricultural.
Wagner assisted Hughes from 1927 to 1941 in football, coaching the linemen and helping the Aggies win three conference championships, in 1927, 1933 and 1934. He won 23 conference championships in 29 years of coaching the Aggies wrestling team between 1927 and 1955. Following the resignation of Hughes in April 1942 as head football coach, Wagner took over the program, but his tenure was interrupted by the World War II. No football was played in 1943 and 1944. When football resumed in 1945, Wagner was unable to bring the glory back to Aggies football and resigned on October 22, 1946, midway through the season.
When Bob Davis took over as head football coach in 1947, Wagner continued as the head coach of freshman football team from 1947 to 1955, resigning his position in 1956 to become the director of new construction on the campus that became Colorado State University. He was killed at the age of 55 in an automobile accident, on August 29, 1960, in Pinedale, Wyoming.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Colorado A&M Aggies (Mountain States Conference) (1942–1946) ||||||
| 1942 | Colorado A&M | 4–3 | 2–3 | 5th |
| 1943 | No team—World War II | | | |
| 1944 | No team—World War II | | | |
| 1945 | Colorado A&M | 2–5–1 | 0–4 | 5th |
| 1946 | Colorado A&M | 2–3 | 1–2 | |
| Colorado A&M: | Colorado A&M: | 8–11–1 | 3–9 | |
| Total: | Total: | 8–11–1 | | |