# Afriqiyah Airways

Afriqiyah Airways is a Libyan state-owned airline based in Tripoli, Libya. It was established in 2001 and operates both domestic and international flights. The airline's main hub is Tripoli International Airport (TIP), and it serves a wide range of destinations across Africa, the Middle East, and Europe.
Afriqiyah Airways operates a fleet primarily consisting of Airbus aircraft, including the A320, A319, and A330 models. These planes are used for both short-haul and long-haul flights.
The airline offers various services and amenities to its passengers, including in-flight entertainment, onboard dining, and a loyalty program called "Afriqiyah Club,".
Over the years, Afriqiyah Airways has faced some operational challenges due to political instability in Libya. However, it has strived to maintain its operations and expand its network to serve travelers from and to Libya.

## History
### Establishment and growth: 2001-2011

Afriqiyah Airways was established in April 2001 and commenced scheduled services on 1 December 2001. The name Afriqiyah comes from the Arabic word for African. It is wholly owned by the Libyan government and has 287 employees (at March 2007). The airline started with Boeing 737-400 aircraft, but in 2003, an all-Airbus fleet was introduced. The Italian airline Blue Panorama jointly set up the airline with the Libyan government. Afriqiyah Airways is one of the few airlines which does not serve alcoholic beverages on its flights.
The airline generated US$120 million in revenue in 2006.
Afriqiyah Airways signed a Memorandum of Understanding for the purchase of six Airbus A320s and three Airbus A319s plus an option on five, as well as for three Airbus A330-200s, with an option for three.
The new A320s and A319s entered service on Afriqiyah's growing international network, covering routes from its base at Tripoli to seventeen destinations in North, West, and Central Africa and the Middle East, as well as to European destinations such as Paris, Brussels, London, Rome, and Amsterdam. Afriqiyah's A319s carry 124 passengers in a two-class configuration, while the A320 seats 144 in two class configurations (J16/Y128). The A330s serve the long-distance operations on routes to Southern Africa, Asia and Europe, and have a two-class configuration with 230 seats (J30/Y200). As of 2015 the airline no longer flies to some of these destinations anymore as the airline is banned to fly in the EU.
On 20 August 2009, an Air Afriqiyah aircraft (registration 5A-IAY) - the private aircraft of Colonel Gaddafi - flew to Glasgow Airport to collect Abelbasset al-Megrahi (who had been convicted of the 1988 Lockerbie bombing and released on compassionate grounds by the Cabinet Secretary for Justice in the Scottish Government). He was flown directly from Glasgow to Tripoli.
Three A330s that were delivered in 2009 were used to inaugurate new routes to Dhaka, Johannesburg and Kinshasa. In the winter 2010, two new routes were added to the airline's network - Beijing and Nouakchott.However, Beijing and Kinshasa never became a reality.
In mid-October 2010, Afriqiyah Airways and Libyan Airlines (Libya's other state flag carrier) were expected to merge into one airline, and, although postponed, the merger is still planned.

### Suspended operations: 2011

As a consequence of the First Libyan Civil War and the resulting no-fly zone over the country enforced by NATO, in accordance with the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, all flight operations by Afriqiyah Airways were terminated on 17 March 2011.
Point 17 of the United Nations resolution specifically banned flights into members of the United Nations by aircraft registered in Libya (5A). This was to have been rescinded when Afriqiyah Airways was officially 'unsanctioned' on 22 September 2011, when Libyan-registered aircraft should have been again permitted to enter EU airspace. This did not happen and up to 5 March 2013 however no such easing had been announced and Libyan-registered aircraft are still banned from Europe, even overflying through the airspace. The Tripoli - Istanbul route has to route further east, via over Alexandria, which adds an hour each way to the sector time. Afriqiyah Airways announced that they expected to resume flights between Tripoli and London by the end of the year, subject to the issuance of air transport and security permits, using A320 equipment. However, flights did not resume until 3 July 2012. In order to get round the EU ban, Afriqiyah wet-leased an A320 (ER-AXP) from Air Moldova that complied with the EU requirements.

### Rebuilding post-war services: 2012 onwards

After suffering badly during the civil war, Afriqiyah Airways expressed renewed optimism in the future on 12 November 2012 when it increased its order for Airbus A350 aircraft, announcing a new firm order for four A350-900s, and converting its original order for six A350-800s to six of the larger A350-900 model, taking the total number of A350s on order to 10 A350-900s. Deliveries were scheduled to start in 2020, and the airline planned to deploy the aircraft on new routes to the United States, the Middle East and Asia.
On 19 December 2012, the airline unveiled its new livery, featuring a white fuselage and black tail fin adorned with three blue stripes, representing the neck markings of the turtle dove. The design replaced the former 9.9.99 tail fin logo.
The airline's hub, Tripoli International Airport, was shut down on 13 July 2014 and remains closed to all passenger and cargo flights as of July 2020. Afriqiyah Airways instead currently operates a small route network out of Mitiga International Airport.

## Destinations

These are the current and former destinations of Afriqiyah Airlines:
| Country | City | Airport | Notes (NF = Planned but never flown) |
| Algeria | Algiers | Houari Boumediene Airport | NF |
| Algeria | Annaba | Rabah Bitat Airport | NF |
| Algeria | Oran | Ahmed Ben Bella Airport | NF |
| Austria | Vienna | Vienna International Airport | NF |
| Bahrain | Manama | Bahrain International Airport | NF |
| Bangladesh | Dhaka | Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport | Terminated |
| Belgium | Brussels | Brussels Airport | Terminated |
| Benin | Cotonou | Cadjehoun Airport | Terminated |
| Brazil | São Paulo | São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport | NF |
| Burkina Faso | Ouagadougou | Thomas Sankara International Airport Ouagadougou | Terminated |
| Cameroon | Douala | Douala International Airport | Terminated |
| Central African Republic | Bangui | Bangui M'Poko International Airport | Terminated |
| Chad | N'Djamena | N'Djamena International Airport | |
| China | Beijing | Beijing Capital International Airport | NF |
| Cyprus | Larnaca | Larnaca International Airport | NF |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Kinshasa | N'djili Airport | NF |
| Egypt | Cairo | Cairo International Airport | |
| Egypt | Alexandria | Borg El Arab International Airport | |
| Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | Addis Ababa Bole International Airport | Terminated |
| France | Marseille | Marseille Provence Airport | Terminated |
| France | Paris | Charles de Gaulle Airport | Terminated |
| Gambia | Banjul | Banjul International Airport | Terminated |
| Germany | Düsseldorf | Düsseldorf Airport | Terminated |
| Germany | Frankfurt | Frankfurt Airport | Terminated |
| Ghana | Accra | Kotoka International Airport | Terminated |
| Greece | Athens | Athens International Airport | NF |
| Hungary | Budapest | Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport | NF |
| Indonesia | Jakarta | Soekarno–Hatta International Airport | NF |
| Iran | Tehran | Imam Khomeini International Airport | NF |
| Italy | Milan | Milan Malpensa Airport | Terminated |
| Italy | Rome | Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport | Terminated |
| Ivory Coast | Abidjan | Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport | Terminated |
| Jordan | Amman | Queen Alia International Airport | |
| Kuwait | Kuwait City | Kuwait International Airport | NF |
| Libya | Benghazi | Benina International Airport | |
| Libya | Bani Walid | Bani Walid Airport | Terminated |
| Libya | Bayda | Al Abraq International Airport | |
| Libya | Brak | Brak Airport | |
| Libya | Ghadames | Ghadames Airport | |
| Libya | Ghat | Ghat Airport | |
| Libya | Hun | Hun Airport | Terminated |
| Libya | Kufra | Kufra Airport | |
| Libya | Misrata | Misrata Airport | |
| Libya | Sabha | Sabha Airport | |
| Libya | Sirte | Gardabya Airport | Terminated |
| Libya | Tobruk | Tobruk Airport | |
| Libya | Tripoli | Mitiga International Airport | |
| Libya | Tripoli | Tripoli International Airport | Terminated |
| Libya | Ubari | Ubari Airport | Terminated |
| Libya | Waddan | Waddan Airport | Terminated |
| Libya | Zintan | Alzintan Airport | Terminated |
| Libya | Zuwarah | Zuwarah Airport | Terminated |
| Mali | Bamako | Modibo Keita International Airport | Terminated |
| Malta | Valletta | Malta International Airport | Terminated |
| Mauritania | Nouakchott | Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport | NF |
| Morocco | Casablanca | Mohammed V International Airport | Terminated |
| Morocco | Rabat | Rabat–Salé Airport | Terminated |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | Amsterdam Airport Schiphol | Terminated |
| Niger | Niamey | Diori Hamani International Airport | |
| Nigeria | Lagos | Murtala Muhammed International Airport | Terminated |
| Oman | Muscat | Muscat International Airport | NF |
| Philippines | Manila | Ninoy Aquino International Airport | NF |
| Portugal | Lisbon | Lisbon Airport | NF |
| Qatar | Doha | Hamad International Airport | NF |
| Russia | Moscow | Sheremetyevo International Airport | NF |
| Russia | Saint Petersburg | Pulkovo Airport | NF |
| Saudi Arabia | Jeddah | King Abdulaziz International Airport | Seasonal |
| Saudi Arabia | Riyadh | King Khalid International Airport | Terminated |
| Senegal | Dakar | Blaise Diagne International Airport | Terminated |
| South Africa | Cape Town | Cape Town International Airport | NF |
| South Africa | Johannesburg | O. R. Tambo International Airport | Terminated |
| Spain | Barcelona | Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport | NF |
| Spain | Madrid | Madrid–Barajas Airport | NF |
| Sudan | Khartoum | Khartoum International Airport | Terminated |
| Sudan | Port Sudan | Port Sudan New International Airport | |
| Switzerland | Geneva | Geneva Airport | Terminated |
| Syria | Damascus | Damascus International Airport | Terminated |
| Togo | Lomé | Gnassingbé Eyadéma International Airport | Terminated |
| Tunisia | Sfax | Sfax–Thyna International Airport | |
| Tunisia | Tunis | Tunis–Carthage International Airport | |
| Turkey | Ankara | Ankara Esenboğa Airport | Terminated |
| Turkey | Istanbul | Istanbul Airport | |
| United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi | Abu Dhabi International Airport | NF |
| United Arab Emirates | Dubai | Dubai International Airport | Terminated |
| United Kingdom | London | Heathrow Airport | Terminated |
| United Kingdom | Manchester | Manchester Airport | NF |
| Yemen | Aden | Aden International Airport | Terminated |
| Yemen | Sanaa | Sanaa International Airport | Terminated |

## Corporate affairs
### Ownership

Afriqiyah Airways is a subsidiary of the Libyan African Aviation Holding Company (LAAHC), itself owned by the Libyan National Social Fund, the Libyan National Investment Company, the Libya-Africa Investment Fund and the Libyan Foreign Investment Company; the airline is ultimately owned by the Libyan government. LAAHC is also the holding company for Libyan Airlines; although separate operations, a merger of the two carriers had been progressing slowly, though completion of the merger, expected in the first half of 2013 appear to have repeatedly been delayed, and in June 2014 it was reported that the merger was "not currently being worked on".

### Corporate identity

The Gaddafi-era 9.9.99 logo on the side of Afriqiyah's aircraft referred to the date of the Sirte Declaration, signed on 9 September 1999. The declaration marked the formation of the African Union. On Muammar Gaddafi's orders, the date was placed on the fuselage of all of the aircraft when the airline was founded. Tom Little of the Libya Herald said "Gaddafi saw the declaration as one of his proudest achievements".
In 2012, the airline decided to use new branding to replace the previous one's association with Gaddafi. Saeed Al-Barouni, In-Flight Services and Catering Manager, created a new logo that was selected from a pool of sixty proposals. The logo, made up of three blue stripes, is based on the neck markings of turtle doves. The new branding was unveiled on 19 December 2012 at the Rixos Al Nasr Hotel in Tripoli.

### Business trends

Scant management data for Afriqiyah Airways have been published, even before the civil war of 2011. Mainly based on statements by airline or government officials, or AFRAA reports, trends for recent years are shown below (for years ending 31 December):
| | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| Turnover (LDm) | | | 180 | 183 | 184 | 195 | 205 | | | |
| Turnover (US$m) | 124 | 130 | 135 | 138 | 140 | 145 | 163 | | | |
| Net profit (LDm) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net profit (US$m) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Number of employees | c. 287 | c. 835 | c.1,080 | c.1,300 | c.1,463 | c.1,635 | c.1,880 | 1,086 | | |
| Number of passengers (m) | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | | | 0.5 |
| Passenger load factor (%) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | 76 |
| Number of aircraft (at year end) | | | | | | | | 12 | 6 | 15 |
| Notes/sources | | | [23] [24] | | Civil war March→ | | | | | |

## Fleet
### Current fleet

As of December 2023, the Afriqiyah Airways fleet consists of an all-Airbus fleet made up of the following aircraft:
Afriqiyah Airways fleet :
| Aircraft | In Service | Orders | Passengers | Passengers | Passengers | Notes |
| Aircraft | In Service | Orders | B | E | Total | Notes |
| Airbus A319-100 | 1 | — | 16 | 96 | 112 | |
| Airbus A320-200 | 5 | — | 16 | 126 | 142 | |
| Airbus A330-300 | 2 | — | 28 | 263 | 291 | |
| Total | 8 | — | | | | |

### Historical fleet

* 2 Airbus A300-600
* 4 Boeing 737-400 (leased from Blue Panorama Airlines and Lauda Air
* 1 Airbus A340-200
* 4 Airbus A330-200 (one crashed as Afriqiyah Airways Flight 771)

## Accidents and incidents

* On 12 May 2010, at 04:10 UTC (06:10 Tripoli time) an Airbus A330-202, flying from Johannesburg in South Africa to Tripoli, crashed on approach to Tripoli airport. 11 crew members and 93 passengers were killed. The sole survivor was a nine-year-old Dutch boy.
* On 25 August 2011, two Afriqiyah jets were caught in the middle of a crossfire battle at Tripoli Airport. The former, an Airbus A300B4 registered 5A-IAY, was totalled and written off when a grenade hit the aircraft, while an Airbus A320, 5A-ONK, bore severe damage when an RPG hit the wing root, possibly puncturing the centre wing tank in the process.
* On 20 July 2014, two Airbus A330 aircraft with registrations 5A-ONF and 5A-ONP were hit by rockets fired by one of the rival militias (Misratah and Zintan) fighting for control of the facility at Tripoli International Airport. 5A-ONF exploded, burned to the ground and was written off; however, 5A-ONP suffered minor to moderate damage, and was stored for repair.
* On 23 December 2016, Flight 209 from Sebha Airport to Mitiga International Airport, operated by Airbus A320 5A-ONB, was hijacked and diverted to Luqa Airport, Malta.