OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Foley (inventor)

Charles Foley (September 6, 1930 – July 1, 2013) was the co-inventor of the game Twister, with Neil W. Rabens.

## Twister

Foley received only 2.5% royalties for three years from Milton Bradley, which amounted to about $27,000. The game became a sensation after Johnny Carson and Eva Gabor played it on The Tonight Show in 1966. Hasbro took over the manufacturing of the game.

## Personal

Foley was born in Lafayette, Indiana and before he was 10 years old made his first invention, a locking system for the cattle pen at his grandfather's farm. He attended school through the eighth grade and as a young man he worked as a salesman. He served in the Michigan Air National Guard and worked on the assembly line at the Ford Motor Company before taking a job at Lakeside Toys in Minneapolis. He moved his family to Minnesota in 1962. He invented dozens of other toys and games, and had 97 patented inventions.
In 1995, Charles Foley's son, Mark Foley, and Douglas Farley founded Doumar Products Inc. and its heptane-based Un-Du adhesive remover.

## Last years

Foley had lived in North Carolina for years, but his son said he returned to Minnesota in 2005 when he began to have health problems and to be closer to his family. Foley's wife, Kathleen, died of breast cancer in 1975.

## Death

Foley died July 1, 2013, aged 82, at the Golden Living Center in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. He had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He was survived, immediately, by six sons and three daughters, and two brothers and two sisters.
# Acanthurus achilles

Acanthurus achilles, the Achilles tang, redtail surgeonfish or redspot surgeonfish, is a marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae, the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This fish is found in the Pacific Ocean.

## Taxonomy

Acanthurus achilles was first formally described in 1803 by the English biologist George Shaw but Shaw did not give a type locality and no type specimen is known.
The genus Acanthurus is one of two genera in the tribe Acanthurini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Acanthurinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Acanthuridae.
This species is known to hybridise with Acanthurus nigricans.

### Etymology

Acanthurus achilles has the specific name achilles which Shaw did not explain. It is thought that the name refers to Achilles, the mythical hero of the Trojan War, and may be an allusion to the sharp bony plates on the caudal peduncle.

## Description

Acanthurus achilles has an elongated oval-shaped body with a steep dorsal profile to the head. The small, protrusible mouth is positioned low on the head with between 8 and 28 teeth fixed on each jaw, each having a flattened, serrated tip. The dorsal fin is supported by 9 spines and between 29 and 33 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 26 to 29 soft rays. There is a single mobile spine on each side of the caudal peduncle which folds down into a slit. The caudal fin is concave. The overall colour is bluish-black with an irregular oval orange blotch on the rear of the body, a white bar on the gill cover, a wide orange bar on the caudal fin which also has a white posterior margin. There is a pale blue ring around just inside the snout tip. This species reaches a maximum total length of 24 cm (9.4 in).

## Distribution and habitat

Acanthurus achilles is found in various reefs of Oceania, up to the islands of Hawaii and Pitcairn. The fish is also, although less commonly, found in the Mariana Islands and even some reefs in southern Mexico and Guatemala] It is a benthopelagic species which inhabits the clear waters on the seaward side of reefs.

## Biology

Acanthurus achilles is herbivorous, grazing largely on benthic algae. They are territorial and monogamous.
# Mandalay–Lashio Railway

Mandalay–Lashio Railway (Burmese: မန္တလေး-လားရှိုး ရထားလမ်း) also known as Northern Shan State Railway (Burmese: ရှမ်းမြောက် မီးရထားလမ်း) is a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge railway line in Myanmar's Shan State, operated by Myanma Railways. The line runs from Mandalay Central Railway Station to Lashio Railway Station in 11 hours, it is under proposal extending towards the Yunnan border from the current terminus with dual gauge rails. The section from Lashio to Muse and Yunnan is expected to be interoptable with both Chinese and Myanmar trains. There are a number of spur lines. There is another proposed project to allow Chinese trains to run 900 km from Kunming all the way to Kyaukpyu under Build-Operate-Transfer. Major stops in Pyin Oo Lwin, Kyaukme, Hsipaw. The line is in poor condition and on many sections the ride is extremely rough. The carriages with open windows serve to trim the trackside vegetation as it moves and attendants sweep away the debris regularly during the journey. On the descent down to Mandalay there is a back and forth switch back.

## History

The Northern Shan Railway was originally built in order that British industrialists could obtain access to southern China, via Kunming. The line is still incomplete and has not extended past the northern Shan city of Lashio. It did provide access to the ancient Chinese silver and lead mines in Bawdwin, which were a major source of wealth for future US President Herbert Hoover.
The Goteik viaduct, a trestle bridge which at the time of its construction, was the longest such span in the world was completed in 1900 in record time. At the time, it was considered to be an engineering triumph.

## Stations

* Mandalay Central Railway Station via Myo Haung junction.
* (4) Myo Haung 382 3/4
* (24) Thoe Gyan 385 1/4 (Junction) to Tha Ye Ze
* (25) Tonbo 392 3/4 Spur Line to the quarry
* (26) Sedaw 396 1/4 Spur Line to the quarry
* (27) Sa Tu Ta Lun Hto 400 1/4 Zig Zag railway
* (28) Zi Pin Gyi 405
* (29) Thondaung 411
* (30) Anisakan 415
* (31) Pyin U Lwin 422 1/2
* (32) Pwe Kaul 427 3/4
* (33) Wet Wun 433 1/2
* (34) Sin Lan Su 438 1/4
* (35) Hsam Ma Hse 444
* (36) Nawnghkio 456
* (37) Gokteik 463 Gokteik Viaduct
* (38) Nawngpeng 472 1/4
* (39) Sa Khan Tha 482
* (40) Kyaukme 490
* (41) Loi Hkaw 496
* (42) Taw Gyi 504
* (43) Hsipaw 509 1/2
* (44) Ta Hpa Le 521
* (45) Sun Lon -
* (46) Se-eng 529 1/4
* (47) Man Sam Ye Da Gun (Man Sam Waterfall) 537 1/4
* (48) Man Pwe 543
* (49) Thi Ri Shan Hkai 545 1/4
* (50) Nam-yau 547 3/4 (Junction) to Namtu Mine Railway
* (51) Lashio Railway Station 560 3/4

### under proposal

* Muse Station
# Ang Yang-2 ship grounding

The An Yang 2, a Chinese bulk carrier, ran aground off the coast of Sakhalin, Russia, on 8 February 2025. The Russian News Agency TASS said the ship was transporting coal, fuel oil, and motor oil and that no spill has been detected. As of 9 February, the ship was located approximately 200 m (0.12 mi) from the coastline, and neither divers nor rescue vessels have been able to approach the vessel due to the storm.
A strong storm was reported to a factor in the vessel running aground. Although 20 crew were on board, the ship did not issue a distress signal. The governor of Sakhalin Valery Limarenkov has placed the region on high alert. The grounding resulted in multiple ballast tanks holed, but still no oil leaks reported after two days.
The An Yang 2 is part of the Russian shadow fleet of hundreds of older ships being used to skirt international sanctions on Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## An Yang 2 description

The An Yang 2 is a 190 m-long (620 ft) 56,700 deadweight tonnes (55,800 deadweight tons) bulk carrier that was built in 2010.
# Ab Asemani

Ab Asemani (Persian: اب اسماني, also Romanized as Āb Āsemānī) is a village in Jangal Rural District, in the Central District of Fasa County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167, in 37 families.
# Sphenomorphus anomalopus

The long-toed forest skink (Sphenomorphus anomalopus) is a species of skink found in Malaysia and Indonesia.
# Edmond Vergnet

Edmond-Alphonse Vergnet (4 July 1850, Montpellier-d 15 February 1904, Nice) was a French operatic tenor.

## Biography

Vergnet studied singing in Paris before making his professional opera début at the Paris Opéra in 1874 as Raimbaut in Giacomo Meyerbeer's Robert le diable. He continued to sing leading tenor roles for that company for many years including the title role in Charles Gounod's Faust, Léopold in Fromental Halévy's La Juive, Ruodi in Gioachino Rossini's Guillaume Tell, Laertes in Ambroise Thomas's Hamlet, Don Ottavio in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Don Giovanni, Fernand in Donizetti's La favorite, Max in Carl Maria von Weber's Der Freischütz, Alim in Jules Massenet’s Le roi de Lahore, John of Leyden in Giacomo Meyerbeer's Le prophète, Vasco da Gama in Meyerbeer's L'Africaine, Samson in Camille Saint-Saëns's Samson et Dalila and the title role in Richard Wagner's Lohengrin.
At the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels, Vergnet portrayed John the Baptist in the world premiere of Massenet's Hérodiade (1881) and Shahabarim in Ernest Reyer’s Salammbô (1890). He sang at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (1881–2) as Radames, Faust, Belmonte and Wilhelm Meister. In 1883 he created Admetus in Alfredo Catalani’s Dejanice at La Scala. At the Opéra de Monte-Carlo (1884–9) he sang Riccardo in Giuseppe Verdi's Un ballo in maschera, the title role in Fra Diavolo, Raoul de Nangis in Les Huguenots, Edgardo in Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, the Duke of Mantua in Verdi's Rigoletto, Gérald in Léo Delibes's Lakmé, and Florestan in Beethoven's Fidelio. He also sang Zarastra in the world premiere of Massenet's Le mage (1891) and Dominique in the world premiere of Alfred Bruneau’s L'attaque du moulin at the Opéra-Comique (1894).
# Ila Line

The Ila Line (Norwegian: Ilalinjen) is tramway between Trondheim Torg and Ila in Trondheim, Norway. The line was part of the original Trondheim Tramway and opened in 1901, and replaced the horse omnibus service from 1893. The line was closed in 1988, but part of it was reopened in 1990 when the Gråkall Line was reborn. The line is the northernmost tramway in the world and is meter gauge.
The line follows Kongens Gate from Ilevollen to Trondheim Torg and was operated by Trondheim Sporvei until 1974. When A/S Graakalbanen started its tram service in 1924 it licensed the track to get to its terminus at St. Olav's Gate. In 1921 a loop was constructed around Ila Park at the end of line so the trams didn't have to change directions, though this was rebuilt to a turning triangle in 1983. In 1973 most of the departures of Ilalinjen continued to Lian. But for some years (until approx. 1975) some departures turned in Ila in the evenings and weekends.
# Scotch Whisky Association

The Scotch Whisky Association (SWA) is a trade organisation that represents the Scotch whisky industry. The Scotch whisky industry is an important part of the Scottish economy, and particularly the Scottish export market.

## Structure

The main office of the SWA is based in the Lauriston area of Edinburgh, Scotland (Quartermile Two, 2 Lister Square, Edinburgh EH3 9GL).

### Membership

Members include (among others):
* Chivas Brothers
* Diageo
* Drambuie Liqueur Company
* Highland Distillers
* John Dewar & Sons
* International Beverage Holdings
* John Haig & Co.
* John Walker & Sons
* Scotch Malt Whisky Society
* The Edrington Group
* Suntory Global Spirits
* Tomatin distillery
* Whyte and Mackay
* William Grant & Sons
* William Teacher & Sons

## Purpose

The SWA's stated purpose is to promote, protect and represent the interests of the whisky industry in Scotland and around the world. Similar to the Portman Group, it also promotes responsible drinking, with campaigns to curb drinking to excess.

## History

It was formed on 17 April 1942. It became a limited company in 1960. The SWA's members represent over 95% of Scotch whisky production, which encompasses over 2,500 brands around the world.
The SWA led an unsuccessful challenge to the Scottish government's minimum alcohol price policy, enshrined in the Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012. The UK's Supreme Court ruled on 15 November 2017 that the Act was not disproportionate to the stated policy aim of reducing alcohol misuse and overconsumption, and therefore not contrary to EU law. Karen Betts, the SWA chief executive, said the association "accept[s] the Supreme Court's ruling".

## Achievements

Scotch whisky has been a major industry for decades with exports totalling £4.7 billion in 2018, according to the Association. Whisky tourism is a side-benefit with distilleries being the third most visited attractions in Scotland, according to the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions. Some 2 million visits were recorded in 2018, a 6.1% increase over 2017 and a 56% increase compared to 2010. Some 68 distilleries operate visitor centres in Scotland and another eight accept visits by appointment. Hotels, restaurants and other facilities also benefit from the millions of pounds spent by tourists.
The tourism has been a real plus to the economy, and of significant value especially in remote, rural areas, according to Fiona Hyslop MSP, Cabinet Secretary for Culture, Tourism and External Affairs. "The Scottish Government is committed to working with partners like the Scotch Whisky Association to increase our tourism offer and encourage more people to visit our distilleries," the Secretary added.
# Still Hopes

Still Hopes, also known as the Gabriel Alexander Guignard House and South Carolina Episcopal Home, is an historic home located in West Columbia, South Carolina, Lexington County, South Carolina. It was built in 1910, and is a two-story, brick, Georgian Revival mansion with a truncated hip roof. The front façade features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by paired Ionic order columns. It has a one-story, ornamented wraparound porch. In 1977, it was expanded and renovated to convert the mansion and new structure for use as an Episcopal retirement community. It was built as a residence for Gabriel Alexander Guignard (1860-1926), and the red brick for construction was manufactured by Guignard Brick Works.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
Today, the retirement community is home to more than 500 residents, and employs more than 700 people. It continues in the Episcopal tradition, with an Episcopal Chapel and Chaplain on-site, but it is, as always, open to people of any and all faith traditions.
# Jeong Sang-jin

Jeong Sang-jin (Korean: 정상진; MR: Chŏng Sangjin) is a Korean name rendered using the Revised Romanization system. It can refer to:
* Chŏng Sangjin (1918–2013) – Soviet Korean soldier
* Jeong Sang-jin (baseball player) [ko] (born 1964) – South Korean athlete
* Jeong Sang-jin (born 1978), perpetrator of the 2008 Nonhyeon-dong massacre
* Jung Sang-jin (javelin thrower) (born 1984) – South Korean athlete
# 2019 in Vietnam

Events of the year 2019 in Vietnam.

## Incumbents

* Party General Secretary & President: Nguyễn Phú Trọng
* Prime Minister: Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
* Assembly Chairperson: Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân

## Events

* 27–28 February – Vietnam holds the second summit meeting between the leaders of the United States and North Korea.

## Deaths
### April

* April 22 – Lê Đức Anh, 4th President of Vietnam (b. 1920)

### May

* May 20 – Nguyễn Quảng Tuân, Vietnamese writer and poet (b. 1925)

### July

* July 14 – Hoàng Tụy, Vietnamese mathematician (b. 1927)
# Jack Compton (baseball)

Harry Leroy Compton (March 9, 1882 – July 4, 1974) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played for the Cincinnati Reds in 1911. He later managed the Dayton Veterans in 1915.
# Cha Katō

Cha Katō (加藤 茶, Katō Cha, born 1 March 1943), also known as Kato-chan, is a Japanese comedian and actor. His real name is Hideyuki Katō (加藤英文). Cha is one of the members of The Drifters and plays drums. His work with Ken Shimura, another Drifter, is well known in Japan.

## Personal life

In November 1987, Katō married his non-celebrity partner who was 18 years his junior and their wedding reception was broadcast live on television on the show Katchan Kenchan Gokigen TV on November 21, it recorded one of the highest audience rating at 36.3%, the fourth highest viewership rating of any celebrity wedding reception broadcast in Japanese history. He divorced his wife in March 2003. Katō shares three children with his first wife.
Many in Japan were surprised when it was announced in 2011 that he had married a woman 45 years younger than him (making her 22 years old). They held their wedding ceremony a year later in March 11, 2012.

## TV programs

* Hachiji da yo! Zen'in shūgō (1969–85) (with other members of The Drifters).
* Fun TV with Kato-chan and Ken-chan (with Ken Shimura).
* Dorifu Daibakusho (1977–98) (with other members of The Drifters).
# Isomethadone

Isomethadone (INN, BAN; trade name Liden; also known as isoamidone) is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive related to methadone that was used formerly as a pharmaceutical drug but is now no longer marketed. Isomethadone was used as both an analgesic and antitussive. It binds to and activates both the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, with the (S)-isomer being the more potent of the two enantiomers. Isomethadone is a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, with an ACSCN of 9226 and a 2014 aggregate manufacturing quota of 5 g. The salts in use are the hydrobromide (HBr, free base conversion ratio 0.793), hydrochloride (HCl, 0.894), and HCl monohydrate (0.850). Isomethadone is also regulated internationally as a Schedule I controlled substance under the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961.
# Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815

Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815 was a domestic scheduled passenger flight from São Paulo de Olivença, northeast Brazil to Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state. On 14 May 2004, the aircraft operating the flight, an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, crashed into the dense Amazon rainforest while on approach to Manaus. All 33 people on board were killed.
It was the deadliest accident involving an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia and the deadliest in the airline's history, surpassing the previous crash of Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4823, which occurred 2 years before the crash of Flight 4815.

## Accident

The flight was operated by Manaus-based regional airline Rico Linhas Aéreas. The Embraer 120ER Brasília registration PT-WRO had 30 passengers and 3 crew on board, all of them Brazilians. At the time, the weather was reportedly good. 20 nautical miles (23 mi; 37 km) from the airport, as the aircraft was following the landing pattern to Manaus, air traffic control vectored the flight out of the landing pattern to the left to make room for a priority medical flight. At 18:34, Flight 4815 radioed they were at 2,000 feet (610 m) when the aircraft suddenly dropped off radar. Controllers tried to restore contact with the plane, to no avail. Eyewitnesses reported that they saw a fireball falling during the crash.
# Queensland 8D11 class locomotive

The Queensland Railways 8D11 class locomotive was a single-member class of 0-4-4-0 double boilered steam locomotive operated by the Queensland Railways.

## History

In 1874, the Vulcan Foundry delivered a 0-4-4-0 locomotive to the Norwegian Government Railways, who refused to accept it. After being rebuilt as works number 850, it was trialled by the Queensland Railways on the Ipswich to Toowoomba line and later purchased.
Numbered 41, it was named Governor Cairns. Per Queensland Railway's classification system it was designated the 8D11 class, 8 representing that it had eight driving wheels, D that it was a tank locomotive and the 11 the cylinder diameter in inches. It was scrapped in 1902.
# Josef Pospíšil

Josef Pospíšil (born 19 April 1953) is a Czech former skier. He competed in the Nordic combined event at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
# Yukio Odagiri

Yukio Odagiri (小田桐 幸雄, Odagiri Yukio, born 10 February 1956) is a Japanese boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Magus of the Library

Magus of the Library (Japanese: 圕の大魔術師, Hepburn: Toshokan no Daimajutsushi) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Mitsu Izumi [ja]. It has been serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Good! Afternoon since November 2017, with its chapters collected in eight tankōbon volumes as of June 2024.

## Publication

Written and illustrated by Mitsu Izumi [ja], Magus of the Library has been serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Good! Afternoon since November 7, 2017. Kodansha has collected its chapters into individual tankōbon volumes. The first volume was released on April 6, 2018. As of June 6, 2024, eight volumes have been released.
In North America, Kodansha USA announced the English language release of the manga in October 2018. The first volume was released on July 9, 2019.

### Volumes

| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| 1 | April 6, 2018 | 978-4-06-511243-4 | July 9, 2019 | 978-1-63236-823-2 |
| 2 | November 7, 2018 | 978-4-06-513566-2 | September 24, 2019 | 978-1-63236-845-4 |
| 3 | August 7, 2019 | 978-4-06-516736-6 | February 25, 2020 | 978-1-63236-846-1 |
| 4 | June 5, 2020 | 978-4-06-519471-3 | January 26, 2021 | 978-1-63236-916-1 |
| 5 | June 7, 2021 | 978-4-06-523523-2 | December 14, 2021 | 978-1-64-651213-3 |
| 6 | June 7, 2022 | 978-4-06-528198-7 | March 7, 2023 | 978-1-64-651405-2 |
| 7 | June 7, 2023 | 978-4-06-531799-0 | May 28, 2024 | 978-1-64-651582-0 |
| 8 | June 6, 2024 | 978-4-06-535756-9 | — | — |

## Reception

The series ranked 12th on the "Nationwide Bookstore Employees' Recommended Comics of 2018" by the Honya Club website. The series ranked 50th on the 2021 "Book of the Year" list by Da Vinci magazine. French newspaper Le Figaro selected Magus of the Library as one of their six recommended manga featured at the 2019 Paris Book Fair. It has been nominated for the 18th Manga Taishō in 2025.
# Stone Spillway, National Defense Stockpile Center

Stone Spillway, National Defense Stockpile Center is a historic spillway located on the grounds of the National Defense Stockpile Center at Hillcrest in Broome County, New York. It was built in 1944 of hand dressed fieldstone and concrete mortar, that was designed to direct runoff water from an intermittent stream through a gap in the riprap area and into the main ditch. The U-shaped structure consists of a 22-foot-long (6.7 m) center section flanked by smaller sections set at 45-degree angles. It was built as part of an erosion control project and believed to have been constructed by conscientious objectors under the Civilian Public Service Program.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
# Modest Mero

Modest Jonathan Mero is a Tanzanian diplomat. He has been Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations Office at Geneva since 2013 to 2015.
# Josef Horčic

Josef Horčic (born 25 May 1945) is a Czech middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Halfway, Berkshire

Halfway is a village in the civil parish of Welford in the English county of Berkshire. It is located in the district of West Berkshire and the Newbury parliamentary constituency. It is called Halfway because it is situated half-way between London and Bristol on the old Bath Road.

## Notable buildings

It used to be the site of a folly, in the shape of a mock castle, which was demolished in the 1960s. The Halfway Inn is a former coaching inn and has had various names in the past, including The Green Man.