OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1949 in France

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1949 in France.

## Incumbents

* President: Vincent Auriol
* President of the Council of Ministers: Henri Queuille (until 28 October), Georges Bidault (starting 28 October)

## Events

* 19–25 August – 1949 Landes forest fire: a wildfire burns 50.000 ha of forest land and kills 82.
* 27 October – Air France Flight 009 flying from Paris Orly Airport to New York crashes on São Miguel Island in the Azores and kills all 48 on board, including violinist Ginette Neveu and boxer Marcel Cerdan.
* Simone de Beauvoir publishes her book The Second Sex (Le Deuxième Sexe), an extremely influential work for second-wave feminism, in Paris.

## Sports

* 30 June – Tour de France begins.
* 21 July – Tour de France ends, won by Fausto Coppi of Italy

## Births

* 11 January – Max Azria, fashion designer (died 2019)
* 11 January – Jean-Paul Enthoven, philosopher and publisher
* 18 January – Philippe Starck, designer
* 6 February – Olivier Chevallier, motor cycle racer (died 1980)
* 10 February – Maxime Le Forestier, singer
* 2 March – Isabelle Mir, Alpine skier
* 5 March – Bernard Arnault, billionaire businessman
* 22 March – Fanny Ardant, actress
* 1 April – Gérard Mestrallet, businessman
* 16 April – Claude Papi, soccer player (died 1983)
* 24 April – Véronique Sanson, singer-songwriter
* 27 April – Didier Daeninckx, author and politician
* 16 May – Gilles Bertould, athlete
* 13 June – Thierry Sabine, motor cycle racer (died 1986)
* 17 June – Serge Vinçon, politician (died 2007)
* 25 June – Patrick Tambay, racing driver (died 2022)
* 29 June – Henri Proglio, businessman
* 2 July – Bernard-Pierre Donnadieu, actor (died 2010)
* 13 August – Philippe Petit, highwire artist
* 22 October – Arsène Wenger, soccer manager
* 25 October – Alain Escoffier, anti-communist activist, self-immolated (died 1977)
* 13 November – Gérard Lelièvre, racewalker
* 19 November – Raymond Blanc, chef
* Full date unknown – Jean-Claude Irvoas, murder victim (died 2005)

## Deaths

* 28 January – Jean-Pierre Wimille, motor racing driver and resistance member (born 1908)
* 16 February – Roger François, weightlifter (born 1900)
* 4 June – Maurice Blondel, philosopher (born 1861)
* 24 September – Pierre de Bréville, composer (born 1861)
* 27 October – Marcel Cerdan, boxer (born 1916)
* 27 October – Ginette Neveu, violinist (born 1919)
# Jaroslava Komárková

Jaroslava Komárková (married name Křítková; 23 April 1927 – 26 October 2010) was a Czech athlete. She competed in the women's shot put at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Alpha Sextantis

Alpha Sextantis (α Sex, α Sextantis) is the brightest star in the equatorial constellation of Sextans. It is visible to the naked eye on a dark night with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.49. The distance to this star, as determined from parallax measurements, is around 280 light years. This is considered an informal "equator star", as it lies less than a quarter of a degree south of the celestial equator. In 1900, it was 7 minutes of arc north of the equator. As a result of Earth's axial precession, it crossed over to the southern hemisphere in December 1923.
The variability of Alpha Sextantis was discovered by Aven Magded Hamadamen and included in the International Variable Star Index. The star undergoes pulsations with a period of 9.1 hours.
This is an evolved A-type giant star with a stellar classification of A0 III. It has around 2.5 times the mass of the Sun and three times the Sun's radius. The abundance of elements is similar to that in the Sun. It radiates 90 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 9,984 K. Alpha Sextantis is nearing the end of its life as a main-sequence star; it is around 385 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 21 km/s.
# INS Nipat (K86)

INS Nipat (K86) was a Vidyut-class missile boat of the Indian Navy. It was part of the 25th "Killer" Missile squadron.

## Operation Trident

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, INS Nipat was part of the Operation Trident strike force. On the afternoon of 4 December, the strike group made its way towards Karachi. Late that evening, around 70 miles south of Karachi, the Nipat detected two targets about 42 miles to the northeast, later identified as the merchant vessel, MV Venus Challenger, chartered by the Pakistan Navy to carry US ammunition to East Pakistan and its escort PNS Shah Jahan, a C-class destroyer. Venus Challenger, carrying ammunition for the Pakistani forces, exploded immediately after the missile hit and eventually sank 23 nmi (43 km; 26 mi) south of Karachi. The other missile targeted Shah Jahan and damaged the ship very badly.
The INS Nipat continued towards Karachi and targeted the Kemari oil storage tanks, placing itself 14 nmi (26 km; 16 mi) south of the Karachi Harbour. Two missiles were launched; one misfired, but the other hit the oil tanks, which burned and were destroyed completely.
Other vessels of the strike group sank a Pakistan Navy destroyer PNS Khaibar and a minesweeper PNS Muhafiz.
Lieutenant Commander Bahadur Nariman Kavina, the Commanding Officer of the Nipat was awarded the Vir Chakra for his role during the operation.
# Peléan eruption

Peléan eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption. They can occur when viscous magma, typically of rhyolitic to andesitic type, is involved, and share some similarities with Vulcanian eruptions. The most important characteristic of a Peléan eruption is the presence of a glowing avalanche of hot volcanic ash, called a pyroclastic flow. Formation of lava domes is another characteristic. Short flows of ash or creation of pumice cones may be observed as well.
The initial phases of eruption are characterized by pyroclastic flows. The tephra deposits have lower volume and range than the corresponding Plinian and Vulcanian eruptions. The viscous magma then forms a steep-sided dome or volcanic spine in the volcano's vent. The dome may later collapse, resulting in flows of ash and hot blocks. The eruption cycle is usually completed in a few years, but in some cases may continue for decades, like in the case of Santiaguito.
The 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée (VEI-4) is the first described case of a Peléan eruption; the term is derived from the name of the volcano.
Other examples of Peléan eruptions include:
* the 1948–1951 eruption of Hibok-Hibok; (VEI-3)
* the 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington, which remains the most detailed observation of this kind; (VEI-4)
* the 1968 eruption of Mayon Volcano (VEI-3)
* The 2021 eruption of La Soufrière (VEI-4)
# Nelson Coast temperate forests

The Nelson Coast temperate forests is an ecoregion in New Zealand.

## Location and description

These forests are located on the flanks of the Paparoa Range and other mountains at the top of South Island. The area is thickly forested and has high rainfall, especially on the west-facing slopes but less so on the sheltered eastern side, which has golden sand beaches. Natural features of the region include: the limestone Pancake Rocks near the town of Punakaiki on the edge of Paparoa National Park; Farewell Spit at the north of the island, the longest sandspit in New Zealand; the nearby Te Waikoropupu Springs; and the karst areas on the flanks of Mount Owen (New Zealand) in Kahurangi National Park.

## Flora

There are small areas of northern rata (Metrosideros robusta), rimu, and miro rainforest hardwoods as well as karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus) and the Nīkau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida) near the coast. However most of the area is covered in Southern beech forest containing all four species of Southern beech; red beech, silver beech and hard beech in the lowlands and mountain beech higher up. In the less fertile rocks areas there are yellow pine (Halocarpus biformis) and Dracophyllums including the endemic D. townsonii and the mountain neinei (D. traversii). The alpine plants found here including Celmisia dallii occur as these peaks, along with Fiordland at the southern end of the island, were a high-elevation refuge from the effects of the last ice age.

## Fauna

The forests are home to a number of endemic species including two flightless birds that no longer survive in the lowland areas of the island, these are the western weka and the largest kiwi, the great spotted kiwi. The varied habitats in the region support a mixture of other birds found here include the kea, the kākā (Nestor meridionalis), the kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) and the kārearea (Falco novaeseelandiae). Farewell Spit in particular is an important site for wading birds and is on a migration route. The area is also rich in invertebrates including almost half of the known species of amber snails (Powelliphanta).

## Threats and preservation

The forests are threatened by logging and mining, although it is impossible to get permits for large-scale mining in the Kahurangi. The karst limestone is particularly fragile and even damaged by recreational caving. The wildlife is threatened by introduced species but they are largely intact at higher elevations. Much of the ecoregion is protected within three national parks; the large Kahurangi National Park and Paparoa National Parks on the west coast, and Abel Tasman National Park on the north east coast. The coastline is unspoilt too and some of it, including Farewell Spit, is protected as nature reserves of national parks. Efforts are being made to control invasive introduced species, particularly possums although deer, chamois, hares and goats are also targeted for control. Birds eggs and snails are vulnerable to rats, possums, stoats and wild pigs. Forest fires are always a threat.
# Theo Magin

Theo Magin (15 December 1932 – 28 January 2025) was a German politician. A member of the Christian Democratic Union, he served in the Bundestag from 1980 to 1994.
Magin died on 28 January 2025, at the age of 92.
# USS Portland (LSD-37)

The second USS Portland was a US Navy Anchorage class dock landing ship built at General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division at Quincy, Massachusetts, and commissioned in 1970. Portland was decommissioned in 2003 and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register in 2004. It was sunk as a target during an exercise off the Virginia coast later that year.

## Citations

* ↑ Friedman, pp. 619–620
# Petra Nosková

Petra Nosková (born 31 October 1967) is a Czech biathlete. She competed in the women's individual event at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# Brindaban Chandra's Math

Brindaban Chandra's Math, or Brindaban Chandra Math, is a complex of 17th–18th century temples at Guptipara in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Location

Guptipara is 74.6 km from Howrah station on the Howrah-Katwa line.
Those travelling by road from Kolkata can get on to State Highway 6 from somewhere suitable in Howrah district, and travel to Guptipara via Jirat.
Note: The map presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision (partly). All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full-screen map.

## The temples

Arranged in a quadrangle, enclosed within a high wall in the Brindaban Chandra Math, are the four temples dedicated to Chaitanyadev (Chaitanya-Nityananda), Brindabanchandra (Radha-Krishna and Jagannath), Ramchandra (Rama, Sita, Lakshmana and Hanuman) and Krishnachandra (Radha-Krishna).
According to David McCutchion, the jor-bangla temple of Chaitanya in the Brindaban Chandra Math is the earliest Bangla-style temple still standing. It was built during the reign of Akbar (1542–1605). The at-chala Brindabanchndra temple was built in 1801. The eka-ratna Ramchandra temple was built in the 17th century. The last temple has a rich terracotta façade.
The Bridaban Chandra Math complex at Guptipara is an ASI listed monument.

## Brindaban Chandra’s Math picture gallery

* The temple complex
* Chaitanya temple
* Ramchandra temple
* Brindaban Chandra temple
* Krishnachandra temple
* Terracotta in Ramchandra temple
* Terracotta in Ramchandra temple
* Terracotta in Ramchandra temple
* Design around door
* The information board
# West High School (Bakersfield, California)

West High School is a public high school located in Bakersfield, California, United States. The school serves about 2,000 students in grades 9 to 12 in the Kern High School District.
The school has been accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges—for the first time in 1969 and most recently in 2020, for a fixed term after each evaluation.

## Notable alumni

* Nikki Blue, former UCLA and WNBA basketball player
* Vince Fong, member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 20th congressional district
* A.J. Jefferson, now known as Anthony Orange, football player; undrafted rookie cornerback for the Minnesota Vikings
* Brock Marion, football player, NFL defensive back, 1993-2004
* Ryan Mathews, football player; first-round selection and 12th overall pick in the 2010 NFL draft; San Diego Chargers, NFL running back
# Clyde River National Park

Clyde River is a national park in south-eastern New South Wales (Australia) between Batemans Bay and Nelligen. It includes 9 km of river frontage to the Clyde River, bounded on three sides by the Clyde River and on the northeast by the Kings Highway. It was created from a part of Benandarah State Forest; in 2000 10.91 km$^2$ of the state forest was set aside as a national park. The park forms part of the Ulladulla to Merimbula Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance for swift parrots.
Primarily, this is the land of the Walbunja people.
# Evald Seepere

Evald Seepere (born Seeberg; 4 May 1911 – 22 February 1990) was an Estonian amateur featherweight boxer. He competed in the 1934 European Championships and 1936 Summer Olympics, but was eliminated in a second-round bout. Seepere studied in Moscow in 1942–43, and later for 43 years worked as a boxing coach in Estonia.

## 1936 Olympic results

* Round of 32: defeated Nicolae Berechet (Romania) on points
* Round of 16: lost to Theodore Kara (United States) on points
# Nicolae Crețulescu

Prince Nicolae Crețulescu (Romanian pronunciation:, surname also spelled Kretzulescu; 1 March 1812 – 26 June 1900) was a Prince Wallachian, later Romanian politician and physician. He is an aristocrat and member of the Kretzulescu family. He served two terms as Prime Minister of Romania: from 1862 to 1863, and from 1865 to 1866. He was elected to the Romanian Academy. He was the 3rd president of the Romanian Academy from 1872 to 1873.
Born in Bucharest, he studied medicine in Paris, having Gustave Flaubert as a colleague. As a physician, his notable work was the translation of Jean Cruveilhier's manual of anatomy.
A member of the Liberal faction, Crețulescu first became prime minister after the assassination of Barbu Catargiu, under ruler Alexandru Ioan Cuza. He avoided debating the issue of land reform, at that time the most contentious subject in Romanian politics; instead, Crețulescu focused on unifying the public health system, creating the Directorate General of the Public Archive, and establishing a Council for Public Instruction. Additionally, he laid the groundwork for further laws secularizing the property of monasteries.
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Łódź

The Archdiocese of Łódź (Latin: Archidioecesis Lodziensis) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Łódź in Poland. The archdiocese covers the central area of Łódź Voivodeship. As of 2016 weekly mass attendance was 23.4% of the archdiocese's Catholic population, making it the second least devout diocese in Poland after the Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień (22.7%).

## History

* December 10, 1920: Established as Diocese of Łódź
* March 25, 1992: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Łódź

## Leadership
### Bishops

* Vincenzo Tymieniecki (1921.04.11 – 1934.08.10)
* Włodzimierz Jasiński (1934.11.30 – 1946.12.12)
* Michał Klepacz (1946.12.20 – 1967.01.29)
* Józef Rozwadowski (1968.10.29 – 1986.01.24)
* Władysław Ziółek (1986.01.24 – 1992.03.25)

### Archbishops

* Władysław Ziółek (1992.03.25 – 2012.07.11)
* Marek Jędraszewski (2012.07.11 – 2017.01.27)
* Grzegorz Ryś (2017.09.14 – present)

## Suffragan dioceses

* Łowicz
# Jim German

James H. German (November 6, 1917 – August 8, 1945) was an American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and the Chicago Cardinals. He played college football at Centre College and was drafted in the eleventh round of the 1939 NFL draft.
# Muhammad Hafizuddeain Jantan

Muhammad Hafizuddeain bin Jantan (born 18 April 1968) is a Malaysian military officer who currently serves as the 30th Chief of Army since September 2023. Prior to his appointment, he previously served as the Deputy Chief of Army from April 2023 to September 2023.

## Early life

Muhammad Hafizuddeain Jantan was born on 18 April 1968 in Segamat, Johor.

## Military career

He was received his secondary education at the Royal Military College in 1985, he began his service as a cadet officer on 19 August 1986, before being commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the 23 Royal Malay Regiment two years later. Muhammad Hafizuddeain Jantan promoted to Deputy Chief of Malaysian Army on 19 April 2023. Later on 6 September 2023, he was promoted to Chief of Malaysian Army, succeeding Mohammad Ab Rahman who appointed as Chief of Defence Forces.

## Honours
### Honours of Malaysia

* Malaysia :
** Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (2023)
** Recipient of the Loyal Service Medal (PPS)
** Recipient of the General Service Medal (PPA)
** Recipient of the United Nations Missions Service Medal (PNBB) with "BOSNIA" clasp
** Recipient of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
** Recipient of the 12th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
** Recipient of the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
** Recipient of the 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
** Recipient of the 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
** Recipient of the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
* Malaysian Armed Forces :
** Courageous Commander of the Most Gallant Order of Military Service (PGAT) (2023)
** Loyal Commander of the Most Gallant Order of Military Service (PSAT) (2021)
** Warrior of the Most Gallant Order of Military Service (PAT) (2014)
** Officer of the Most Gallant Order of Military Service (KAT) (2004)
** Recipient of the Malaysian Service Medal (PJM)
* Kedah :
** Knight Commander of the Glorious Order of the Crown of Kedah (DGMK) – Dato' Wira (2024)
* Kelantan :
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Noble Crown of Kelantan (DPKK) – Dato' (2023)
** Herald of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Kelantan (BSK) (2010)
* Sabah :
** Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (PGDK) – Datuk (2019)

### Foreign honours

* United Nations :
** Recipient of the UNPROFOR Medal
# Gwangju Football Stadium

The Gwangju Football Stadium is a football-specific stadium in Gwangju, South Korea. It was the home ground of Gwangju FC between 2020 and 2024.
The stadium holds 10,007 spectators.

## History

Originally, it was the auxiliary stadium of the Gwangju World Cup Stadium. It was remodeled in 2018 and opened on 25 July 2020 in a K League 1 match between Gwangju FC and Suwon Samsung Bluewings.
# Johann Georg Hasler (politician, born 1826)

Johann Georg Hasler (7 November 1826 – 13 February 1883) was a politician from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1877 to 1878. He previously served as mayor of Eschen from 1876 to 1879.
From 1864 to 1867 and again from 1873 to 1876 he was the municipal treasurer of Eschen. He resigned his seat in the Landtag following the coinage crisis in 1878.
# Josef Jánský

Josef Jánský (born 24 November 1940) is a Czech long-distance runner. He competed in the 10,000 meters in the 1972 Summer Olympics, finishing in 9th place in the final, as well as the marathon at the 1980 Summer Olympics, which he did not finish.
Jánský qualified for Moscow Olympic marathon by running a time of 2:14:28 earlier on May 3, 1980 in Karl Marx City (East Germany). Two years earlier he also competed for his country in the 1978 European Athletics Championships – Men's marathon, finishing in 19th place with a time of 2:16:53.
# Tobe Watson

Tobe Watson (born 3 December 1997) is a supplementary rookie list (Type A) Australian rules football AFL player who played for Fremantle in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Originally from Donnybrook in the South West region of Western Australia, Watson attended Guildford Grammar School. He then played for Swan Districts in the West Australian Football League (WAFL).
Drafted with the 22nd selection in the 2019 rookie draft, Watson played the entire 2019 season for Peel Thunder before making his AFL debut for Fremantle in round 8 of the 2020 AFL season as a late replacement for Brennan Cox.
In August 2021 Watson was informed that he would not be offered a contract extension for 2022.
# Kolonia Osiek

Kolonia Osiek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osiek, within Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

## History

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1941, the German gendarmerie, Einsatzkompanie Thorn and Einsatzkompanie Gotenhafen carried out expulsions of Poles, whose houses and farms were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy. Expelled Poles were placed in the Potulice concentration camp and then either enslaved as forced labour of new German colonists in the county or deported to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland.
# 1977 Bulawayo shooting

The 1977 Bulawayo shooting was a spree shooting that occurred at two locations in Bulawayo, Rhodesia, on December 4, 1977. That day, Banda Khumalo, a 38-year-old off-duty policeman, shot 13 people to death and injured 13 to 16 others before being killed by a fellow police officer.

## Motive

Khumalo, a detective sergeant of the elite Special Branch security force, was a Ndebele, one of Rhodesia's two primary ethnic groups. He once had an argument with Shona people—the other major ethnic group—which motivated his shooting.

## Shootings

The first shooting occurred at 7:00 p.m. at a house in Mzilikazi Township. There, Khumalo shouted, "One bullet, one Shona," before fatally shooting two men and two women and injuring a fifth man with a shotgun. Some sources state that he also used a rifle.
Approximately 30 minutes later, Khumalo opened fire at houses in the Ross Police Camp, killing nine people and wounding up to 15 others. Among the dead were five children and three black policemen. Police then formed a cordon around the camp and a marksman shot the gunman to death.
# Shah Waliullah (disambiguation)

Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762) was an Indian Islamic scholar and reformer.
Shah Waliullah may also refer to:
* Ablai Khan, Wāli-ūllah Abū'l-Mansūr Khan (1711—1781), king of Turan
* Shah Amanat, Shāh Amānat Ullāh Khān (died 1809), saint of Chittagong
* Shah Waliullah Adeeb (born 1969), former governor of Badakhshan, Afghanistan
* Shah Wali Ullah Nagar, a neighborhood in Orangi Town in Karachi, Pakistan