# Administrative divisions of the Maldives

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The administrative divisions of the Maldives refers to the various units of government that provide local government services in the Maldives. According to the Decentralization Act 2010, the administrative divisions of the Maldives would consist of atolls, islands, and cities; each is administered by its own local council, under the basic terms of home rule. Geographically, the Maldives are formed by a number of natural atolls plus a few islands and isolated reefs which form a pattern from north to south. Administratively, there are currently 189 islands, 18 atolls and 4 cities in the Maldives.

## Background
### During the Gayoom presidency

During the presidency of Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom, the administrative divisions consisted of 20 administrative atolls, all controlled by the central government in Malé.

### During the Nasheed presidency
#### Seven provinces

In 2008, in an attempt of decentralization, the Nasheed government divided the country into seven provinces. According to this system, the bill submitted by the government to decentralize the country was passed with the support of opposition-majority parliament, with their amendments to the bill. The final bill passed in 2010 by the parliament and ratified by the president saw the country's decentralisation as 21 constituencies.
The seven provinces were the following, followed by the atolls grouped within:
* Upper North Province (consisting of Haa Alif, Haa Dhaalu and Shaviyani Atolls; capital: Kulhudhuffushi)
* North Province (consisting of Baa, Lhaviyani, Noonu and Raa Atolls; capital: Velidhoo)
* North Central Province (consisting of Alif Alif, Alif Dhaal, Kaafu and Vaavu Atolls, and Malé City; capital: Thulusdhoo)
* Central Province (consisting of Dhaalu, Faafu and Meemu Atolls; capital: Kudahuvadhoo)
* Upper South Province (consisting of Thaa and Laamu Atolls; capital: Gan)
* South Central Province (consisting of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaalu Atolls; capital: Thinadhoo)
* South Province (consisting of Gnaviyani Atoll and Addu City; capital: Hithadhoo)
The seven provinces closely correspond to the historic divisions of Uthuru Boduthiladhunmathi. Dhekunu Boduthiladhunmathi, Uthuru Medhu-Raajje, Medhu-Raajje, Dhekunu Medhu-Raajje, Huvadhu (Suvadive, Suvaidu or Suvadiva) and Addumulah.

#### Decentralization

On 15 October 2010, the government released a finalized list of the administrative constituencies established under the Decentralization Act. It listed 189 administrative constituencies. Out of these constituencies:
* 4 constituencies were declared "cities", as according to the criteria for determining cities in this act. These constituencies were Malé, Fuvahmulah, Kulhudhuffushi and Seenu Atoll. After a referendum among the people, Seenu Atoll was renamed "Addu City". Each city would be served by a city council.
* 189 constituencies were declared "islands", as according to the criteria for determining islands in this act. These islands are grouped together into 17 atolls. Each atoll shall be served by an atoll council (which will be located on the capital island of the respective atoll), under which each island has its own island council.
Therefore, the final organization of the administrative divisions are as below:
* 17 atolls
* 4 cities
* 189 islands

#### National offices

Although the earlier provincial decentralization was rejected by Parliament, President Nasheed reinstated the concept through "National Administrations". The National Administrations of Maldives were in the same divisions as the earlier provinces, and the previous province offices were reinstated as the office of that National Administration, to which the atoll councils reported to accordingly. The National Administrations acted as an extension of the central government in Male' for the convenience of dealing with regional affairs. The National Administrations operated under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The seven National Administrations were:-
* Upper North National Administration
* North National Administration
* North Central National Administration
* Central National Administration
* South Central National Administration
* Upper South National Administration
* South National Administration
Each administration was headed by a state minister assigned by the president.
All 7 National Offices were abolished by the Waheed administration on 24 April 2012.

## Divisions

The first-level divisions are cities and atolls.

### City

A city is an inhabited area with a population of 10,000+. The criteria also includes a certain level of economic development and facilities available. A city has a "city council" which governs over the affairs of the city, and keeps communication with the central government. A city will not be included within an administrative atoll. A city has further subdivisions called "wards" or "districts". A city council will also govern over any uninhabited islands or resort islands within its designated area. There are five cities in Maldives: Malé, Addu, Fuvahmulah, Kulhudhuffushi, and Thinadhoo. Thinadhoo became a city in 2023.

### Atoll

The administrative definition of an "atoll" differs from the actual meaning of the word 'atoll'. While naturally, an "atoll" refers to a ring of islands, an "atoll" in the administrative sense, refers to a group of "island" class constituencies, not necessarily within the requirements of a natural atoll. While the majority of administrative atolls are indeed natural atolls, there are exceptions. Each administrative atoll has an "atoll council" which monitors the work of the "island councils" in the atoll, and keep communications with the central government. An atoll council also governs all uninhabited islands and resort islands in their area. There are 20 atolls in Maldives.

### Island

The administrative definition of an "island" differs from the actual meaning of the word 'island'. While naturally, an "island" refers to a land-mass surrounded by water, an "island" in the administrative sense, refers to a specified inhabited area within an administrative atoll, which is governed over by an "island council", though the majority of "island" class constituencies are indeed natural islands. There are 189 such islands, each with its own island council. (Except for Felivaru, Lhaviyani Atoll)

## Codes and names of the administrative divisions

Every first-level administrative division of the Maldives have the following:
* An official name, for example Thiladhunmathi Uthuruburi (meaning Thiladhunmathi North). This corresponds to the geographical Maldivian name of the Atoll.
* A Maldivian code letter, for example: Haa Alifu. When there are two letters, the second stands either for "North" (Alifu) or for "South" (Dhaalu). Alifu means Uthuruburi, and Dhaalu means Dhekunuburi. This code was adopted for convenience. It began in order to facilitate radio communication between the atolls and the central administration. As there are certain islands in different atolls that have the same name, for administrative purposes this code is quoted before the name of the island: for example, Baa Funadhoo, Kaafu Funadhoo, Gaafu-Alifu Funadhoo. This code denomination has been very much misused by foreigners and tourists who do not understand the proper use of these names, and the true Maldivian names have often been ignored in publications for tourists. Maldivians may use the letter code name in colloquial conversation, but in serious geographic, historical or cultural writings, the true geographical name always takes precedence.
* A Latin code letter, for example: (A). The Latin code letter is normally used in boat registration plates. The letter stands for the atoll and the number for the island.
Each atoll has a capital island. All islands of every atoll have their own official name. All cities have an official name, and names for their subdivisions. They also have a Latin code letter assigned to them.
Traditionally, Maldivians call the atolls ending in '-madulu' or '-mathi' by their name without adding the word 'Atoll' at the end. For example, it is correct to write simply Kolhumadulu, without adding the word 'Atholhu' or 'Atoll'. This is also the case in the atoll known as Faadhippolhu as well as the small detached atoll of Fuvahmulah.

## First-level administrative divisions
### Atolls

| ISO 3166-2:MV | Latin Letter | Code Abbr. | Local letter | Code Name | Official Name | Capital | Population (2022 census) |
| MV-07 | A | HA | ހއ | Haa Alif | Thiladhunmathi Uthuruburi | Didhdhoo | 14,623 |
| MV-24 | C | Sh | ށ | Shaviyani | Miladhunmadulu Uthuruburi | Funadhoo | 13,698 |
| MV-25 | D | N | ނ | Noonu | Miladhunmadulu Dhekunuburi | Manadhoo | 12,503 |
| MV-13 | E | R | ރ | Raa | Maalhosmadulu Uthuruburi | U'ngoofaaru | 17,581 |
| MV-20 | F | B | ބ | Baa | Maalhosmadulu Dhekunuburi | Eydhafushi | 10,631 |
| MV-03 | G | Lh | ޅ | Lhaviyani | Faadhippolhu | Naifaru | 8,992 |
| MV-26 | H | K | ކ | Kaafu | Malé Atholhu | Thulusdhoo | 17,749 |
| MV-02 | U | AA | އއ | Alif Alif | Ari Atholhu Uthuruburi | Rasdhoo | 8,017 |
| MV-00 | I | ADh | އދ | Alif Dhaal | Ari Atholhu Dhekunuburi | Mahibadhoo | 10,540 |
| MV-04 | J | V | ވ | Vaavu | Felidhu Atholhu | Felidhoo | 1,995 |
| MV-12 | K | M | މ | Meemu | Mulak Atholhu | Muli | 5,490 |
| MV-14 | L | F | ފ | Faafu | Nilandhe Atholhu Uthuruburi | Nilandhoo | 4,869 |
| MV-17 | M | Dh | ދ | Dhaalu | Nilandhe Atholhu Dhekunuburi | Kudahuvadhoo | 6,637 |
| MV-08 | N | Th | ތ | Thaa | Kolhumadulu | Veymandoo | 10,260 |
| MV-05 | O | L | ލ | Laamu | Haddhunmathi | Fonadhoo | 14,699 |
| MV-27 | P | GA | ގއ | Gaafu Alif | Huvadhu Atholhu Uthuruburi | Villingili | 9,190 |

### Cities

| ISO 3166-2:MV | Latin Letter | Code Abbr. | Local letter | Code Name | Official Name | Capital | Population (2022 census) |
| MV-MLE | T | - | - | Malé | Malé City | Malé | 211,908 |
| MV-29 | R | Gn | ޏ | Gnaviyani | Fuvahmulah City | Fuvahmulah | 9,177 |
| MV-01 | S | S | ސ | Seenu/Addu | Addu City | Hithadhoo | 25,062 |
| MV-23 | B | HDh | ހދ | Haa Dhaalu | Kulhudhuffushi City | Kulhudhuffushi | 10,131 |
| MV-28 | Q | GDh | ގދ | Gaafu Dhaalu | Huvadhu Atholhu Dhekunuburi | Thinadhoo | 12,758 |