# Nanshan, Shenzhen

Nanshan District (simplified Chinese: 南山区; traditional Chinese: 南山區; pinyin: Nánshān Qū ; Cantonese Jyutping: Naam4 Saan1 Keoi1) is one of the nine districts comprising Shenzhen. It encompasses the southwest area of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, with a population of 1.08 million. In 2022, the district of Nanshan's local GDP output exceeded 800 billion Chinese Yuan or 111 billion U.S. dollars, an economy slightly larger than that of Cuba or Oman. The region has an established tourism industry and is home to several sightseeing locations, as well as multiple seaside parks such as the Shenzhen Bay Park and the Shenzhen Talent Park. Its tallest building is the 393-meter China Resources Headquarters.
It is known for being the home of Shenzhen High-Tech Industrial Park, which comprises some of China's largest technology companies and the establishments of well-known international companies, as well as being the nation's richest district of a city-level municipality. The district has some of the most expensive neighborhoods in China in terms of real estate prices.

## Geography

Nanshan District has a total area of 182 km$^2$ (70 sq mi). The area continued to increase due to large scale land reclamation, especially in Qianhai and Houhai. The district is located to the northwest of Deep Bay, east of the Pearl River entrance. Its northern boundary is Yangtaishan, which divides the district with Baoan, while it is bounded south by Inner Lingding Island and Dachan Island, though the Port of Shekou is the southernmost point on the peninsula. Nanshan is situated about a degree south of the Tropic of Cancer and has a humid subtropical climate. It sits directly north of Yuen Long district of Hong Kong. More than half of the district consist of urban areas. Mountainous areas like Tanglangshan and Yangtaishan to the north and Nanshan Park to the south are largely preserved as forests.
At 587 meters (1,926 ft) tall, Yangtaishan has the highest elevation in the district, with Tanglangshan being the second at 430 meters (1,411 ft), and Nanshan, third, at 336 meters (1,102 ft). The district has a total coastline of 55.18 kilometers (34.29 mi).

## History

Nanshan was largely a rural area before being rapidly developed since the late 1970s, with the exception of a few towns and villages. Nantou, the seat of Bao'an County for almost 1700 years was located within the district.
In September 1983, Nantou district was established as a county-level district. Less than a year later in August 1984, Shekou, which came to be known as Shekou subdistrict today, split off as a separate district from Nanshan. In September 1990,the two districts combined to form the present Nanshan District.
Nanshan experienced large sums of migrants from other parts of the country. Most of the original towns in the district had either been demolished to make way for developments or became what are to be known as urban villages.

## Demographics

As of the end of 2022, Nanshan district had a total resident population of 1,795,800 people. The vast majority of the population are concentrated in the southern half of the district.

## Administrative divisions

Nanshan District is organized into the following subdistricts.
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Canton Romanization | Population (2010) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Nantou Subdistrict | 南头街道 | Nántóu Jiēdào | nam4 teo4 gai1 dou6 | 163,237 | 16.80 |
| Nanshan Subdistrict | 南山街道 | Nánshān Jiēdào | nam4 san1 gai1 dou6 | 152,312 | 23.90 |
| Shahe Subdistrict | 沙河街道 | Shāhé Jiēdào | sa1 ho4 gai1 dou6 | 121,350 | 22.32 |
| Xili Subdistrict | 西丽街道 | Xīlì Jiēdào | sei1 lei6 gai1 dou6 | 187,832 | 49.16 |
| Shekou Subdistrict | 蛇口街道 | Shékǒu Jiēdào | sé4 heo2 gai1 dou6 | 87,304 | 12.29 |
| Zhaoshang Subdistrict | 招商街道 | Zhāoshāng Jiēdào | jiu1 sêng1 gai1 dou6 | 79,650 | 18.36 |
| Yuehai Subdistrict | 粤海街道 | Yuèhǎi Jiēdào | yud6 hoi2 gai1 dou6 | 157,807 | 14.40 |
| Taoyuan Subdistrict | 桃源街道 | Táoyuán Jiēdào | tou4 yun4 gai1 dou6 | 138,853 | 40.00 |

## Transportation
### Shenzhen Metro

Nanshan is currently served by seven metro lines operated by Shenzhen Metro:
* Line 1 - OCT, Window of the World 2, Baishizhou, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen University, Taoyuan 12, Daxin, Liyumen, Qianhaiwan 5 11
* Line 2 - Chiwan 5, Shekou Port, Sea World 12, Shuiwan, Dongjiaotou, Wanxia, Haiyue, Dengliang, Houhai 11, Keyuan, Hongshuwan, Window of the World 1, Qiaocheng North
* Line 5 - Chiwan 2, Liwan, Railway Park, Mawan, Qianwan Park, Qianwan 9, Guiwan, Qianhaiwan 1 11, Liuxiandong, Xili 7, University Town, Tanglang, Changlingpi
* Line 7 - Xili Lake, Xili 5, Chaguang, Zhuguang, Longjing, Taoyuancun, Shenyun
* Line 9 - Qianwan 5, Menghai, Litchi Orchards, Nanyou West, Nanyou 12, Nanshan Book Mall, Shenzhen University South, Yuehaimen, High-Tech South, Hongshuwan South 11, Shenwan, Shenzhen Bay Park
* Line 11 - Qianhaiwan 1 5, Nanshan 12, Houhai 2, Hongshuwan South 9
* Line 12 - Zuopaotai East, Taiziwan, Sea World 2, Huaguoshan, Sihai, Nanyou 9, Nanguang, Nanshan 11, Taoyuan 1, Nantou Ancient City, Zhongshan Park, Tongle South

### Railway stations

* Shekou West (蛇口西站)
* Mawan (妈湾站)
* Shenzhen West (深圳西站)
* Xili (西丽站)

### Container ports

* Shekou (蛇口)
* Dongjiaotou (东角头)
* Chiwan (赤湾)
* Mawan (妈湾)
* Qianhai (前海)

### Maritime transport

The Shekou Passenger Terminal offered ferry service to Hong Kong (Hong Kong Island and Hong Kong International Airport), Zhuhai and Macau. The Shekou Cruise Center now serves that role.
Cross-border coaches to and from Hong Kong are also available at Shenzhen Bay Port. The port is located geographically at Shekou, hence all coaches will travel along the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor to get to Hong Kong.

## Economy

Coolpad, Tencent, ZTE, China Merchants Shekou, Dajiang (DJI), and China Resources (CR), among others, have their headquarters at Hi-Tech Park (科技园), Nanshan.
The South China office of CR Beverage is in on the 10th floor of the Min Tai Building (闽泰大厦) in the district. China Nepstar has its headquarters in the Xinnengyuan Building (新能源大厦 / 新能源大廈) on Nanhai Road, Nanshan District. The headquarters of Evergrande Group are in Nanshan.
The drink company Hey Tea has its headquarters in the Aerospace Science And Technology Square (航天科技广场).
The department store chain Ren Ren Le has its headquarters in Nanshan District.

### Free Trade Zones

Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone is a large masterplanned commercial free trade zone comprising 14 km$^2$ (5.4 sq mi) of reclaimed land under construction in Qianhai, Nanshan. Upon scheduled completion in 2020, special policies including lower taxation rates would be implemented in the new district.
Shekou is another free trade zone, redeveloping from a former industrial zone.

## Education
### Universities

Eight of Shenzhen's eleven full-time universities are located in Nanshan:
* Shenzhen University
* Shenzhen Polytechnic
* University Town of Shenzhen
** Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University
** Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University
** Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen
** Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
** Southern University of Science and Technology
** Shenzhen University (Lihu Campus)
** Georgia Tech Tianjin University Shenzhen Institute
* Shenzhen Virtual University Park

### Primary and secondary schools
#### Government secondary schools

The Chinese word Zhongxue 中学, rendered in English as "middle school," may refer to either schools with grade 7-9 lower secondary levels and/or grade 10-12 upper secondary levels. Dr. Elisabeth P. Montgomery, Senior Advisor on Internationalization for the Nanshan District Education Bureau, is the first foreigner to hold such a position in China. She helped design education curricula for Nanshan grades 1-12 and is one of three designers of Shenzhen YuCai High School, International Department. Additionally, she is Foreign Vice Principal at the South China University of Science and Technology (SUSTECH) Education Group, International Advisor in China and Latin America, and public school Inspector.
Some are governed by the Shenzhen municipal government. Those include:
* Shenzhen Experimental School
Some are governed by the Nanshan District government. Those include:
* Nanshan Middle School Attached to Beijing Normal University (北京师范大学南山附属学校中学部)
* Shenzhen Bolun Vocational and Technical School (深圳市博伦职业技术学校)
* Shenzhen Nanshan Experimental Education Group (深圳市南山实验教育集团)
** Nanhai Middle School (南海中学)
** Qilin Middle School (麒麟中学)
* Shenzhen Nanshan Foreign Language School (Group) (深圳市南山外国语学校（集团）/深圳南山外國語學校)
** Binhai Middle School (滨海中学)
** Gaoxin Middle School (高新中学)
** Taoyuan Middle School (桃源中学)
** High School (高级中学)
* Second Foreign Language School of Nanshan (Group) (深圳市南山区第二外国语学校（集团）)
** Xuefu Middle School (学府中学)
* Shenzhen Shekou Yucai Education Group (深圳市蛇口育才教育集团)
** Yucai High School
** Yucai No.2 Middle School [zh]
** Yucai No.3 Middle School
* Shenzhen Nanshan OCT High School 深圳市南山区华侨城中学/華僑城中學
** OCT Campus (侨城初中部)
** Shenwan Campus (深圳湾部)
* Shenzhen Nantou High School (深圳市南头中学/南頭中學)
Other:
* Lixiang Middle School 荔香中學/荔香中学
* Shekou School, merged from Shekou Middle School
* Shenzhen Nanshan Bilingual School, a Cambridge International Center (CIC) Middle School

#### International and private schools

There are four Anglophone international high schools and private high schools in Nanshan. Several of these high schools all offer British, University of Cambridge International A-Level or North American style curricula, with English as the main language of instruction. There are also Japanese and South Korean-style schools.
* The International School of Nanshan Shenzhen
* Shenzhen Nanshan Chinese International College (formerly Nanshan Bilingual School/Baishizhou Bilingual School)
* Shekou International School
* QSI International School of Shekou.
* Shenzhen American International School
* BASIS international school of shenzhen
* Shen Wai International school
International K-12 schools include:
* KIS Korean International School of Shenzhen (Korean section and English elementary section)
International 1-9 schools include:
* Shenzhen Japanese School

### Supplementary schools

Shenzhen Saturday School (深・(ｼﾝｾﾝ)補習授業校, Shinsen Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a Japanese weekend school, has its office on the 8th floor of the Jinsanjiao Building (金三角大厦) in Baishizhou. Previously it was based in the Ming Wah International Convention Center (simplified Chinese: 明华国际会议中心; traditional Chinese: 明華國際會議中心) in Shekou.
In addition, the Shenzhen Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry organizes a Korean Saturday school because many Korean students are not studying in Korean-medium schools; the school had about 600 students in 2007. The chamber uses rented space in the OCT Primary School as the Korean weekend school's classroom.

## Gallery

* China Resources Headquarters in 2018
* Hanking Center in 2021
* One Shenzhen Bay Tower 7 in 2021
* Zhongzhou Holdings Financial Center in 2016
* China Merchants Tower in 2021
* Tencent Headquarters.
* ZTE Headquarters
* Skyline of Shenzhen Bay as viewed from Shenzhen Bay Park
* Skyline of Shenzhen Bay as viewed from Houhai Bridge in 2020.
* Skyline as viewed from Shenzhen University with Hanking Center (tallest building) on the right in 2021.
* Shenzhen Bay Bridge in 2021.
* Shenzhen Bay Port in 2021.
* Xili Reservoir in 2021.
* Taoyuan Road at dust with Nanshan District Government on the right side in 2021.
* Overseas Chinese Town with OCT Tower on the right side in 2020.
* Dasha River in 2020.
* Shenzhen Bay Sports Center in 2020.
* Shekou Sea World in 2020.
* Shekou Fishing Harbour in 2020.