OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bern (disambiguation)

Bern (or Berne) is the capital of Switzerland.
Bern or Berne may also refer to:

## Places
### Germany

* Berne, Germany, a town in Lower Saxony
* Berne, Hamburg, former village which became a quarter of Hamburg

### Italy

* Verona, Italy, a city called Bern in Middle High German

### Netherlands

* Bern (Netherlands), a hamlet in Gelderland

### Switzerland

* Canton of Bern, of which Bern is the capital
* Bern (district), the city's administrative district in the Canton of Bern

### United States

* Bern, Idaho
* Berne, Indiana
* Berne, Iowa
* Bern, Kansas
* Berne, Michigan
* Berne, Minnesota
* Berne, New York
* Berne, Pennsylvania
* Bern Township, Pennsylvania
* Bern Township, Ohio
* Berne Township, Ohio
* Bern, Wisconsin

## People

* Bern, a nickname or short form for the given names Bernard, Bernadette, and Bernadine.

### Given name

* Bern Brostek (born 1966), American professional football player
* Bern Shanks (born 1940), American environmental scientist, educator, public administrator, outdoorsman, conservationist, and author
* Bern Nadette Stanis (born 1953), American actress and author

### Surname

* Zvi Bern (born 1960), American theoretical physicist
* Dietrich von Bern (454–526), the German name of Theodoric the Great), king of the Ostrogoths
* Eric Berne (1910–1970), Canadian psychiatrist
* Josef Berne (1904–1964), Russian-born American writer, film director and producer
* Suzanne Berne (born 1961), American novelist
* Tim Berne (born 1954), American jazz saxophonist and composer

## Other uses

* Bern Convention (or Berne Convention), shorthand for the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, also known as the Bern Convention (or Berne Convention), a binding international legal instrument in the field of Nature Conservation
* Berne Convention, shorthand for the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, an international agreement governing copyright
# Alexander Hermansson (entertainer)

Alexander "Alex" Ken Hermansson, (born 22 January 1992) is a Swedish YouTube and television presenter. Hermansson was a member of the extremesports and entertainment group Rackartygarna.
During the summer of 2014, he was the presenter of the children's summer show Sommarlov along with Malin Olsson and Rijal Mbamba which was broadcast on SVT.
After that appearance he has worked as a regular presenter for shows on Barnkanalen. In 2014, he participated in Talang 2014 along with Rackartygarna and placed second behind Jon Henrik Fjällgren. During early 2015, Hermansson participated as a celebrity dancer in Let's Dance 2015 on TV4. He placed fourth.
Hermansson is also active in the Christian church Hillsong Church.
Hermansson is of Japanese descent as his father was born in Japan.

## Presented shows

* 2013 - Rackartygarna, TV6-Play
* 2014 - Juniorprogramledare på OS i Sotji, Viasat
* 2014 - En skev resa, Splay/YouTube
* 2014 - Talang Sverige [silverplats], TV3
* 2014 - Sommarlov, SVT Barnkanalen
* 2014 - Fredagkväll med Alex, SVT Barnkanalen
* 2015 - Alex hittar hobbyn, SVT Barnkanalen
* 2015 - Lets Dance, TV4
# Charles Rigoulot

Charles Jean Rigoulot (3 November 1903 – 22 August 1962) was a French weightlifter, professional wrestler, racing driver, strongman and actor.
Rigoulot was born in Le Vesinet, France and began to train with weights as a child. He was observed by weight trainer Jean Dame lifting heavy lithograph stones when Rigoulot was 16-years-old and Dame began to train and coach the teenager.

## Weightlifting and strongman career

As a weightlifter he won the gold medal in the 82.5 kg division at the 1924 Summer Olympics. Between 1923 and 1926 he set eight official world records. In 1924, he became the first person to clean and jerk more than 400 pounds, using the non-revolving barbells of that time. In 1928 he set two World Records; a clean and jerk of 360 lbs and a snatch of 253 lbs. In 1930, he became the first person to complete an overhead lift of the Apollon Railway Car Wheels, an awkwardly-shaped 166 kg (366 lb) barbell-shaped set of train wheels used by the stage strongman Louis Uni, and the predecessor of "Apollon's Axle".
In 1925 Rigoulot turned professional and worked as a strongman in the circus, and an actor and singer in the theater. In the first year of his career as a professional weightlifter Rigolout took part in a show challenge against Ernest Cadine at the Cirque d'hiver in Paris. Cadine was the former Olympic champion of weightlifting in the 82,5 kg division at the 1920 Summer Olympics. They came to an agreement to do their contest in order of Olympic-style weightlifting with 10 attempts for each, 5 in snatch and 5 in clean and jerk. Rigoulot won the challenge with 1.082,0 kg against 1.077,5 kg by Cadine and reached the highest two arms results with 120,5 kg in snatch and 156,0 kg in clean and jerk. In 1932 he became a professional wrestler and was billed as "l'homme le plus fort dans le monde" ("the strongest man in the world") and had matches with Henri DeGlane and Strangler Lewis.

## Motorsports career results

As a driver, he competed in the 1937 Le Mans race.

### 24 Hours of Le Mans results

24 Hours of Le Mans results :
| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
| 1937 | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Chenard et Walcker | 1.1 | 151 | DNF | DNF |

## Later life

During World War II he was imprisoned after hitting a Nazi officer and set free after France was liberated.
In 1953 he became sports director at the Cognac Distillery Ricard; he died of a heart attack in 1962. His daughter Dany Rigoulot became a winter Olympic figure skater.
# Václav Kozák

Václav Kozák (14 April 1937 – 15 March 2004) was a Czech rower who competed for Czechoslovakia at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Olympics. In 1960, he won the gold medal in double sculls together with Pavel Schmidt. In 1964 and 1968 he placed 12th and 9th in the single sculls, respectively. At the European championships Kozák won four medals in various events between 1959 and 1965, including a gold in single sculls in 1963. The same year he was named Czechoslovak athlete of the year.
Kozák started as a cyclist, and changed to rowing in 1952 motivated by the gold medal of the Czech coxed fours at the 1952 Olympics. In 1955 he won a national junior title in single skulls, and in 1957 won his first national senior title; he later added 14 more in various disciplines. After retiring from competitions he worked as a rowing coach at the Dukla club in Prague, raising several world championship and Olympic medalists. He was also a military officer and retired in 1991 as lieutenant colonel. In his later life he developed an addiction to alcohol and became homeless for a while. He died aged 66.
# Hospitality law

Hospitality law is a legal and social practice related to the treatment of a person's guests or those who patronize a place of business. Related to the concept of legal liability, hospitality laws are intended to protect both hosts and guests against injury, whether accidental or intentional.

## Duty to guests

Hotels and other business operators are expected to "act prudently and use reasonable care" to ensure that their premises are (reasonably) free of risk. While not specifically requiring that a business owner ensure his guests are safe, most jurisdictions interpret 'prudent and reasonable' to include foreseeable dangers, such as tripping hazards or unsecured shelving.
In most cases, unless directly disclaimed (for example, with some insurance waivers), hospitality law does not protect a business owner against charges of negligence.

## Use in common law

Common law holds innkeepers liable for any loss of guest property when the guest is on the premises of a place of business; in practice, such liability is often overlooked provided that the business owner meets certain conditions (such as having a guest sign a waiver of liability). In most countries, for liability waivers to be enforceable, notification of the waiver must be posted in an accessible, visible location (usually at the front desk or in a common area of the business), and must be printed in clearly legible text.
American hospitality statutes also govern bailments. A bailment is the "delivery of an item of property, for some purpose, with the expressed or implied understanding that the person receiving it shall return it in the same or similar condition in which it was received, when the purpose has been completed." Coat checks, safety deposit boxes, and luggage storage are common examples of bailments for the hospitality industry.
The Laws of Innkeepers by John E.H. Sherry provides an in-depth analysis of the laws affecting places of public accommodation.

## Literature

Books on hospitality law include Hospitality Law (3rd Edition, 1997) by Barth and Barber, and Principles of Hospitality Law by Pannett and Boella.
# Churches of God General Conference (Winebrenner)

The Churches of God, General Conference (Winebrenner) (CGGC) is an Evangelical Christian denomination in the United States originating in the revivalism and evangelistic efforts of John Winebrenner.

## History

John Winebrenner (1797–1860) was ordained on September 28, 1820, as a minister of the German Reformed Church, a Calvinist body. He was given charge of four congregations in the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, area. Winebrenner labored extensively in revival meetings, but some of the members opposed what they considered "unusual efforts for the conversion of sinners." In 1828 the General Synod of the German Reformed Church dropped him from its roster of ministers, in response to such complaints. In July 1830, Winebrenner was rebaptized by immersion by Jacob Erb. That year, he and co-laborers sympathetic with his efforts met and organized the General Eldership of the Church of God. Representatives from various denominations were present, and the new organization reflected that diversity.
In the early years of the Church of God, its members were popularly called Winebrennerians, after their founder. The official name was changed to the General Eldership of the Churches of God in North America in 1845, and to its present title in 1975.
The church reported 336 congregations with 32,208 members in 2000, principally in Pennsylvania and the Midwest.

## Organization and theology

The basic theology of the Churches of God is Arminian, conservative, and Evangelical. The church observes three ordinances: baptism by immersion, the Lord's Supper (taken in the evening, while seated), and feet washing. The Bible is the church's only rule of faith and practice.
The CGGC has a presbyterian polity. The church is divided into regional conferences, with headquarters in Findlay, Ohio. The church operates Winebrenner Theological Seminary on the University of Findlay campus. The Global Advocate is the CGGC's official periodical, published bi-monthly by the church.
There are seven regional organizations in the Churches of God-USA. These are the Allegheny Region, Eastern Regional Conference, California Eldership, Great Lakes Conference, Mid-South Conference, Midwest Region, and Western Region.
Around the world the CGGC also has established conferences in Bangladesh (1898), Brazil (1999), Haiti (1967), India (1898), Kenya (2011), Venezuela (2012), and emerging works in the Dominican Republic, Sweden, and Thailand.
# Iwan Müller

Iwan Müller, sometimes spelled Iwan Mueller (14 December 1786, Reval, Governorate of Estonia – 4 February 1854, Bückeburg), was a clarinetist, composer and inventor who at the beginning of the 19th century was responsible for a major step forward in the development of the clarinet, the air-tight pad.

## Biography

Müller was born in Reval (present-day Tallinn), at that time a city with a strong Baltic German community in the Governorate of Estonia, part of the Russian Empire. He became a chamber musician in Saint Petersburg before he was twenty. At the same time, he was constantly striving to improve the clarinet, with new types of keywork. At the time, the standard clarinet used flat brass plates covered in soft leather to cover the toneholes. Since these leaked air, the number of them had to be kept to a minimum, which meant that notes outside the main scale of the clarinet (accidentals) had to be obtained by complicated fingerings which were difficult to play quickly and rarely were in tune. Clarinets would have five or six keys, the bare minimum to obtain an acceptable chromatic scale.
Müller's solution was the stuffed pad, originally made of kid leather stuffed with felt. These pads would "bulge", such that in combination with countersunk tone holes (called Zwirl or twist or twister), would close the keyholes sufficiently tight to permit the use of an increased number of keys making the "clarinette omnitonique" possible.
In addition to the fingering system and felt pads, Müller is also known as the inventor of metal ligature (that replaced twine, string and wire, widely used in the past and still used today in German-speaking regions), which are used today in almost all single-reeded woodwind instruments.
Müller went on to work in Dresden, Berlin and Leipzig, where he specialized in the basset-horn, a type of low-pitched clarinet.
In 1809 Müller performed to great acclaim on a clarinet made to his own specifications. In that same year, Müller moved to Paris, gained the support of a wealthy patron, (Mr.) Marie-Pierre Petit, and started mass-producing clarinets.
In 1812 Müller presented his new 13-key clarinet with air-tight pads to the Paris Conservatoire, but they weren't impressed. Nevertheless, Müller's new clarinet with fully chromatic range became popular and became the standard clarinet for much of the 19th century. It was further developed into the Öhler system, the prevalent system in Germany today. He was also, before the famous Hyacinthe Klosé, principal clarinet at the Théâtre Italien in Paris.
# Dampfbahn Fränkische Schweiz

The Dampfbahn Fränkische Schweiz e. V. (Franconian Switzerland Steam Railway Co. Ltd.) or DFS is a German museum railway operated by a registered society (eingetragener Verein) in Ebermannstadt, in a region of northern Bavaria, Germany, known as Franconian Switzerland.

## Goals

The society's goals are the:
* establishment, operation, and preservation of a museum railway on the former federal railway line from Ebermannstadt to Behringersmühle in the Wiesent Valley;
* acquisition and preservation of historic railway vehicles, especially those traditionally associated with the Ebermannstadt–Behringersmühle branch line;
* organisation of presentations, tours, trips, and exhibitions.

## Operations

Since 1980, the society has had a permit to operate a railway and is an authorised railway service and railway infrastructure operator. The Franconian Switzerland Steam Railway is the oldest museum railway in Franconia, northern Bavaria.
Between 1 May and 31 October, the museum railway runs scheduled trains on Sundays. For the operation of the museum, the DFS has a fleet comprising three steam locomotives, an accumulator railcar, four diesel locomotives, and a diesel railbus as well as a number of historic passenger coaches.
* V 60 114
* V 60 114
* V 36 123
* Talbot hopper at Ebermannstadt
# Nihada Sewaneli

Nihada Sewaneli (Sinhala: නිහඬ සෙවණැලි, lit. 'Silent Shadows') is a 2021 Sri Lankan Sinhalese language horror film directed by Sunil Premarathna and produced by Janaka Ranchagoda for Sineka Films. It stars Pubudu Chathuranga and Roshan Ranawana in lead roles along with Kumara Thirimadura, Tharuka Wanniarachchi and Mashi Siriwardane made supportive roles. The premiere of the film was held on 11 November 2021 under the patronage of Minister Rear Admiral Sarath Weerasekera at the Savoy Primory Cinema in Wellawatte. It has the implication that "even your children can be cursed if you destroy the environment."

## Cast

* Pubudu Chathuranga
* Roshan Ranawana
* Kumara Thirimadura
* Harith Wasala
* Sarath Chandrasiri
* Ajith Weerasinghe
* Kumara Wadurassa
* Meena Kumari
* Tharuka Wanniarachchi
* Mashi Siriwardane
* Dhananji Tharuka
* Sandun Bandara
* Yohani Hansika
# 2020 in Zambia
## Incumbents

* President: Edgar Lungu

## Events

* March 18 - First case of the COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia
* March 22 - A third case was recorded. The patient was a man who had travelled to Pakistan.
* March 25 - President Edgar Lungu confirmed a total of 12 cases during a live national address.
* April 2 - Zambia records its first death from COVID-19.
* September 8 – President Lungu joins students at Copperbelt University (CBU) in mourning the death of "Mafishi," a large fish thought to bring students good luck.
* November 13 – Finance Minister Bwalya Ng’andu says that Zambia is defaulting on its debt.

## Deaths

* August 16 – Alexander Grey Zulu, 95, Zambian politician, Minister of Commerce and Industry (1964) and Defence (1970–1973).
# Hamlet (Liszt)

Hamlet, S.104, is a symphonic poem by Franz Liszt, written in 1858 and published as No. 10. It was not performed until 2 July 1876. Like all but one of Liszt's 13 symphonic poems, Hamlet was written while Liszt was working in Weimar and is dedicated to Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein. After viewing Bogumil Dawison play Hamlet in Weimar (1856), Liszt wrote:
   "He does not make him into an indecisive dreamer who collapses under the power of his mission, as he is regarded since Goethe's theory in Wilhelm Meister, but much more as a gifted, enterprising prince with important political views who is waiting for the right moment to complete his work of revenge and come to the aim of his ambition, that is, to be crowned king in place of his uncle. This goal can naturally not be reached in twenty-four hours and the clever anticipation which Shakespeare has put into the role of Hamlet and the negotiations with England which come clearly to the light of day at the end of the drama according to my view justify Dawson's interpretation, which Herr von Goethe and the aesthetes should not take too badly."
Regarding Ophelia, Liszt wrote:
   "She is loved by Hamlet, but Hamlet, like every exceptional person, imperiously demands the wine of life and will not content himself with the buttermilk. He wishes to be understood by her without the obligation of explaining himself to her. She collapses under her mission, because she is incapable of loving him in the way that he must be loved, and her madness is only the decrescendo of her feeling, whose lack of sureness has not allowed her to remain on the level of Hamlet."
Liszt's Hamlet is meant as a psychological study of the title character; only two brief references are made to Ophelia, both marked as "to be played as quietly as possible and sound like a shadowy picture."
# Rostov Arena

Rostov Arena (Russian: «Ростов Арена») is an association football stadium in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It also hosts FC Rostov of the Russian Premier League, replacing Olimp – 2. It has a capacity of 45,000 spectators.

## History

In June 2013, during the groundbreaking for the stadium, five shells from WWII were found, almost perfectly preserved.
In August 2013, work began on the sandy alluvium foundation for the stadium. Work on the foundation was completed in May 2014. Construction commenced on the stadium substructure in October 2015. In December the construction site began to bring in heavy equipment and construction materials. In January 2015, crews began driving piles.
In March 2015, the stadium project was revised, reducing the cost of construction to 3 billion rubles. In the summer of 2015 pile driving was completed and superstructure construction began.
In December 2015, work began on the installation of the metal roof frame. In July 2016 work on the concrete stadium bowl began. In addition, builders started construction of the facade and began landscaping the adjacent territory to the stadium. In November 2016 the reinforced concrete work of the stadium main bowl was fully completed and the installation of load bearing roof structures began. On 22 December 2017 the construction of the stadium was completed. On 15 April 2018 the stadium hosted its first game between FC Rostov and FC SKA-Khabarovsk. The stadium was officially opened on 13 May 2018, with a friendly football match between the FC Rostov and FK Ural.

## Design

In 2011, the final design for the new stadium was presented by Populous. The irregular shape of both the roof and stands are distinctive features. Part of the seating is to be temporary, for the 2018 World Cup. After the tournament capacity may be decreased to 42,000. As the main architect for Rostov Region confirmed, this stadium is to be the start of a new city centre. It will be the first large project built on the southern bank of the Don River, with the rest of the city lying north. The total cost of the stadium was 19,84 billion rubles.

## 2018 FIFA World Cup

Rostov Arena hosted five games during the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
| Date | Time | Team No. 1 | Result | Team No. 2 | Round | Attendance |
| 17 June 2018 | 21:00 | Brazil | 1–1 | Switzerland | Group E | 43,109 |
| 20 June 2018 | 18:00 | Uruguay | 1–0 | Saudi Arabia | Group A | 42,678 |
| 23 June 2018 | 18:00 | South Korea | 1–2 | Mexico | Group F | 43,472 |
| 26 June 2018 | 21:00 | Iceland | 1–2 | Croatia | Group D | 43,472 |
| 2 July 2018 | 21:00 | Belgium | 3–2 | Japan | Round of 16 | 41,466 |

## Other International Soccer Matches

| Date | Competition | Team | Result | Team | Attendance |
| 10 Sep 2018 | International Friendly | Russia | 5–1 | Czech Republic | 37,800 |

## After 2018 FIFA World Cup

After the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the arena is to be used for the matches of local FC Rostov and for the Russia national football team games, as well as for other sporting and cultural events.
# Cabranes

Cabranes is a municipality in the autonomous community of Asturias. As of 2023, it had a population of 1,105 spread between its six parishes: Fresnéu, Graméu, Pandenes, Santolaya, Torazu, and Viñón. Cabranes has a rugged, yet not mountainous, terrain, with its economy focused on cattle and apple farming. At just over 38 km$^2$ in area, the municipality is among the smallest in Asturias.

## History

There is little mention of Cabranes in written history until the 13th century, although archeological vestiges prove inhabitance of the area before that time. The construction of the monastery of Valdedios was a notable event during the period; the municipality as a whole continued to remain relatively unnoteworthy due to its rural nature. Cabranes developed a large monastic population in the following centuries. Ultimately, the municipality failed to modernize significantly throughout its existence, and the municipality was mostly unaffected by major occurrences in Spain, such as the Civil War. Cabranes has suffered from a continuously declining population due to emigration and an aging population, similarly to many other municipalities in Asturias.

## Art

Due to the municipality's historically high number of "Indianos," or Spaniards who emigrated to Latin America and later returned, there is a rich and diverse civil architecture. Notable among the buildings are the schools of Viñón and Santolaya and the chalet of Alfonso San Feliz. There are also many religious buildings in the region, such as the church of San Julián de Viñon, which displays a combination of Pre-Roman Asturian and Romanesque architecture. The parish church of Santa Eulalia, from the 15th century, and the church of San Martín el Real, in a mannerist style, are also noteworthy.

## Politics

The current mayor is Gerardo Fabián Fernández (FSA-PSOE).
Local elections :
| Party/List | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 | 2015 |
| FSA-PSOE | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| CD / AP / PP | 0 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| UCD / CDS | 8 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | |
| URAS | | | | | | 2 | 1 | | | |
| FAC | | | | | | | | | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |