# Lalbag subdivision

Lalbag subdivision is an administrative subdivision of Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Overview

The Bhagirathi River splits the Murshidabad district into two natural physiographic regions – Rarh on the west and Bagri on the east. The Lalbag subdivision is spread over both Bagri and Rarh physiographic regions from the Jalangi-Bhagirathi Interfluve to the Ganges-Bhagirathi basin to the Nabagram plains.

## History

In 1704, when Murshid Quli Khan was Divan, he shifted his headquarters from Dhaka to Maksudabad and renamed it Murshidabad. In 1717, when Murshid Quli Khan became Subahdar, he made Murshidabad the capital of Subah Bangla (then Bengal, Bihar and Odisha).
After the defeat of Siraj ud-Daulah in the Battle of Plassey by the forces of the British East India Company, in 1757, Mir Jafar became a puppet ruler. In 1773, the East India Company established a capital in Calcutta and appointed its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

## Geography
### Subdivisions

Murshidabad district is divided into the following administrative subdivisions:
| Subdivision | Headquarters | Area km$^2$ | Population (2011) | Rural Population % (2011) | Urban Population % (2011) |
| Barhampur | Baharampur | 1,195.57 | 1,725,525 | 80.15 | 19.85 |
| Kandi | Kandi | 1,200.76 | 1,155,645 | 93.21 | 6.79 |
| Jangipur | Jangipur | 1,097.82 | 1,972,308 | 56.43 | 43.57 |
| Lalbag | Murshidabad | 1,019.10 | 1,253,886 | 92.36 | 7.64 |
| Domkol | Domkol | 837.88 | 996,443 | 97.55 | 2.45 |
| Murshidabad district | | 5,324.00 | 7,103,807 | 80.28 | 19.72 |

### Administrative units

Lalbag subdivision has 6 police stations, 5 community development blocks, 5 panchayat samitis, 44 gram panchayats, 474 mouzas, 430 inhabited villages and 2 municipalities. The municipalities are: Murshidabad and Jiaganj Azimganj. The subdivision has its headquarters at Murshidabad.

### Police stations

Police stations in Lalbag subdivision have the following features and jurisdiction:
| Police station | Area covered km$^2$ | India-Bangladesh border km | Municipal town | CD Block |
| Lalgola | n/a | n/a | - | Lalgola |
| Bhagawangola | n/a | n/a | - | Bhagawangola I |
| Ranitala | n/a | n/a | - | Bhagawangola II |
| Murshidabad | n/a | - | Murshidabad | Murshidabad-Jiaganj (partly) |
| Jiaganj | n/a | - | Jiaganj Azimganj | Murshidabad-Jiaganj (partly) |
| Nabagram | n/a | - | - | Nabagram |
Murshidabad district has a 125.35 km long international border with Bangladesh of which 42.35 km is on land and the remaining is riverine.
There are reports of Bangladeshi infiltrators entering Murshidabad district. An estimate in 2000 places the total number of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in India at 1.5 crore, with around 3 lakh entering every year. The thumb rule for such illegal immigrants is that for each illegal person caught four get through. While many immigrants have settled in the border areas, some have moved on, even to far way places such as Mumbai and Delhi. The border is guarded by the Border Security Force. During the UPA government, Sriprakash Jaiswal, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs, had made a statement in Parliament on 14 July 2004, that there were 12 million illegal Bangladeshi infiltrators living in India, and West Bengal topped the list with 5.7 million Bangladeshis. More recently, Kiren Rijiju, Minister of State for Home Affairs in the NDA government has put the figure at around 20 million. Critics point out that the Bengali politicians, particularly those from the ruling Trinamool Congress and the CPI (M), believe that a soft approach to the problem help them to win Muslim votes.

### Blocks

Community development blocks in Lalbag subdivision are:
| CD Block | Headquarters | Area km$^2$ | Population (2011) | SC % | ST % | Muslims % | Hindus % | Decadal Growth Rate 2001-2011 % | Literacy Rate % | Census Towns |
| Lalgola | Lalgola | 184.37 | 335,831 | 9.30 | 0.05 | 80.25 | 19.50 | 25.48 | 64.32 | - |
| Bhagawangola I | Bhagawangola | 136.10 | 202,071 | 7.20 | 0.14 | 85.67 | 14.19 | 23.62 | 66.79 | - |
| Bhagawangola II | Nasipur | 175.26 | 158,024 | 3.30 | 0.03 | 89.43 | 10.48 | 21.65 | 62.82 | - |
| Murshidabad-Jiaganj | Murshidabad | 192.13 | 234,565 | 17.24 | 5.25 | 54.52 | 44.61 | 17.13 | 69.12 | - |
| Nabagram | Nabagram | 306.63 | 227,586 | 24.88 | 7.37 | 52.59 | 45.17 | 15.76 | 70.83 | - |

### Gram Panchayats

The subdivision contains 44 gram panchayats under 5 community development blocks:
* Murshidabad–Jiaganj CD Block - Bahadurpur, Kapasdanga, Prasadpur, Dahapara, Mukundabag, Tentulia, Dangapara and Natungram.
* Bhagawangola–I CD block - Bhagawangola, Hanumantanagar, Kuthirampur, Mahisasthali, Habaspur, Kantanagar, Mahammadpur and Sundarpur.
* Bhagawangola–II CD Block - Akheriganj, Baligram, Nashipur, Amdahara, Kharibona and Saralpur.
* Lalgola CD Block - Airmari Krishnapur, Dewansarai, Lalgola, Nashipur, Bahadurpur, JasaitalaJasaitala., Manikchak, Paikpara, Bilborakopra, Kalmegha, Maiya and Ramchandrapur.
* Nabagram CD Block - Amarkundu, Kiriteswari, Narayanpur, Shibpur, Gura–Pashla, Mahurul, Panchgram, Hajbibidanga, Nabagram and Rasulpur.

### River bank erosion

As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the Ganges alone in Murshidabad district. The main channel of the Ganges has a bankline of 94 km along its right bank from downstream of Farakka Barrage to Jalangi. Severe erosion occurs all along this bank. The encroaching river wiped out 50 mouzas and engulfed about 10,000 hectares of fertile land. The following blocks have to face the brunt of erosion year after year: Farakka, Samserganj, Suti I, Suti II, Raghunathganj II, Lalgola, Bhagawangola I, Bhagawangola II, Raninagar I, Raninagar II and Jalangi. As per official estimate, till 1992-94 more than 10,000 hectares of chars (flood plain sediment island) have developed in main places, which have become inaccessible from the Indian side but can be reached easily from Bangladesh.
See also - River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts

## Economy
### Infrastructure

All inhabited villages in Murshidabad district have power supply.
See the individual block pages for more information about the infrastructure available.

### Agriculture

Murshidabad is a predominantly agricultural district. A majority of the population depends on agriculture for a living. The land is fertile. The eastern portion of the Bhagirathi, an alluvial tract, is very fertile for growing Aus paddy, jute and rabi crops. The Kalantar area in the south-eastern portion of the district, is a low-lying area with stiff dark clay and supports mainly the cultivation of Aman paddy. The west flank of the Bhagirathi is a lateritic tract intersected by numerous bils and old river beds. It supports the cultivation of Aman paddy, sugar cane and mulberry.
Given below is an overview of the agricultural production (all data in tonnes) for Lalbag subdivision, other subdivisions and the Murshidabad district, with data for the year 2013-14.
| CD Block/ Subdivision | Rice | Wheat | Jute | Pulses | Oil seeds | Potatoes | Sugarcane |
| Lalgola | 10,903 | 9,870 | 134,085 | 2,697 | 7,511 | 4.176 | - |
| Bhagawangola I | 4,799 | 902 | 95,908 | 2,529 | 5,088 | 8,940 | - |
| Bhagawangola II | 2,304 | 322 | 90,697 | 232 | 5,141 | 7,303 | - |
| Murshidabad-Jiaganj | 6,243 | 8,930 | 91,177 | 2,262 | 4,451 | 9,499 | - |
| Nabagram | 43,785 | 280 | 15,583 | 89 | 401 | 11,079 | 3,295 |
| Lalbag subdivision | 68,034 | 20,304 | 427,450 | 7,809 | 22,592 | 40,997 | 3,295 |
| Barhampur subdivision | 268,587 | 109,091 | 914,791 | 5,758 | 35,315 | 39,914 | 160,221 |
| Kandi subdivision | 487,207 | 4,157 | 6,186 | 4,818 | 9,355 | 85,886 | 106,646 |
| Jangipur subdivision | 207,472 | 45,261 | 207,425 | 9,374 | 12,375 | 38,197 | 52,344 |
| Domkol subdivision | 80,899 | 109,518 | 730,393 | 16,755 | 33,410 | 117,082 | 25,023 |
| Murshidabad district | 1,112,199 | 288,331 | 2,286,245 | 44,514 | 113,047 | 322.076 | 347,529 |

## Education

Murshidabad district had a literacy rate of 66.59% (for population of 7 years and above) as per the census of India 2011. Barhampur subdivision had a literacy rate of 72.60%, Kandi subdivision 66.28%, Jangipur subdivision 60.95%, Lalbag subdivision 68.00% and Domkal subdivision 68.35%.
Given in the table below (data in numbers) is a comprehensive picture of the education scenario in Murshidabad district for the year 2013-14:
| Subdivision | Primary School | Primary School | Middle School | Middle School | High School | High School | Higher Secondary School | Higher Secondary School | General College, Univ | General College, Univ | Technical / Professional Instt | Technical / Professional Instt | Non-formal Education | Non-formal Education |
| Subdivision | Institution | Student | Institution | Student | Institution | Student | Institution | Student | Institution | Student | Institution | Student | Institution | Student |
| Barhampur | 728 | 88,371 | 107 | 13,364 | 37 | 31,214 | 92 | 162,613 | 7 | 17,418 | 11 | 2,796 | 2,278 | 100,164 |
| Kandi | 672 | 66,030 | 105 | 11,248 | 46 | 32,752 | 61 | 87,482 | 5 | 7,830 | 3 | 400 | 1,717 | 74,370 |
| Jangipur | 747 | 144,416 | 72 | 14,159 | 25 | 30,004 | 76 | 194,025 | 5 | 15,335 | 5 | 500 | 2,793 | 160,236 |
| Lalbag | 601 | 72,429 | 74 | 8,997 | 24 | 22,174 | 66 | 120,454 | 5 | 13,088 | 7 | 759 | 2,082 | 93,891 |
| Domkol | 432 | 52,177 | 73 | 11,791 | 22 | 23,201 | 47 | 86,672 | 3 | 7,211 | 11 | 2,457 | 1,612 | 74,330 |
| Murshidabad district | 3,180 | 423,423 | 431 | 59,559 | 154 | 139,345 | 342 | 651,246 | 25 | 60,882 | 37 | 6,912 | 10,482 | 502,991 |
Note: Primary schools include junior basic schools; middle schools, high schools and higher secondary schools include madrasahs; technical schools include junior technical schools, junior government polytechnics, industrial technical institutes, industrial training centres, nursing training institutes etc.; technical and professional colleges include engineering colleges, medical colleges, para-medical institutes, management colleges, teachers training and nursing training colleges, law colleges, art colleges, music colleges etc. Special and non-formal education centres include sishu siksha kendras, madhyamik siksha kendras, centres of Rabindra mukta vidyalaya, recognised Sanskrit tols, institutions for the blind and other handicapped persons, Anganwadi centres, reformatory schools etc.
The following institutions are located in Lalbag subdivision:
* Subhas Chandra Bose Centenary College was established in 1998 at Lalbagh.
* Lalgola College was established in 2006 at Lalgola
* Nabagram Amar Chand Kundu College was established in 2009 at Nabagram.
* Sripat Singh College was established in 1949 at Jiaganj. The Śvetāmbara Jain zemindar of Jiaganj, Sripat Singh Dugar, gifted the palatial out-house of his palace and a handsome sum in cash for the college. Affiliated with the University of Kalyani, Along with undergraduate courses, it offers post graduation in Bengali.
* Rani Dhanya Kumari College was initially started as an evening college in the premises of Sripat Singh College in 1962 at Jiaganj. It shifted to its present premises in 1972.
* Jiaganj College of Engineering and Technology at Jiaganj offers diploma courses in engineering.

## Healthcare

The table below (all data in numbers) presents an overview of the medical facilities available and patients treated in the hospitals, health centres and sub-centres in 2014 in Murshidabad district.
| Subdivision | Health & Family Welfare Deptt, WB | Health & Family Welfare Deptt, WB | Health & Family Welfare Deptt, WB | Health & Family Welfare Deptt, WB | Other State Govt Deptts | Local bodies | Central Govt Deptts / PSUs | NGO / Private Nursing Homes | Total | Total Number of Beds | Total Number of Doctors* | Indoor Patients | Outdoor Patients |
| Subdivision | Hospitals | Rural Hospitals | Block Primary Health Centres | Primary Health Centres | Other State Govt Deptts | Local bodies | Central Govt Deptts / PSUs | NGO / Private Nursing Homes | Total | Total Number of Beds | Total Number of Doctors* | Indoor Patients | Outdoor Patients |
| Barhampur | 2 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 3 | - | - | 45 | 71 | 1,645 | 282 | 149,393 | 2,094,027 |
| Kandi | 1 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 1 | - | - | 6 | 30 | 567 | 68 | 85,624 | 1,005,056 |
| Jangipur | 1 | 1 | 6 | 15 | - | - | 2 | 12 | 37 | 590 | 62 | 141,427 | 1,043,548 |
| Lalbag | 1 | 2 | 3 | 14 | - | 1 | 1 | 23 | 45 | 483 | 65 | 105,562 | 1,154,275 |
| Domkol | 1 | 2 | 2 | 9 | - | - | - | 19 | 33 | 252 | 44 | 45,110 | 802,309 |
| Murshidabad district | 6 | 9 | 18 | 70 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 105 | 216 | 2,537 | 521 | 527,116 | 6,099,215 |
.* Excluding nursing homes
Medical facilities in Lalbag subdivision are as follows: Hospitals: (Name, location, beds) Lalbag Subdivisional Hospital, Murshidabad, 250 beds
Rural Hospitals: (Name, block, location, beds) Jiaganj Rural Hospital, Murshidabad-Jiaganj CD Block, Jiaganj, 30 beds Krishnapur Rural Hospital, Lalgola CD Block, Krishnapur, 50 beds Kanapukur Rural Hospital, Bhagawangola I CD Block, Kismattatla, 15 beds
Block Primary Health Centres: (Name, block, location, beds) Nabagram BPHC, Nabagram CD Block, Nabagram, 15 beds Nasipur BPHC, Bhagawangola II CD Block, Nasipur, 15 beds
Primary Health Centres: (CD Block-wise)(CD Block, PHC location, beds) Murshidabad-Jiaganj CD Block: Azimganj (15), Dangapara, Hasanpur (4), Lalkuthi, Dahapara (4) Nabagram CD Block: Panchgram (10), Nimgram-Beluri (4), Bagirapara, Rasulpur (4), Kiriteswari (6) Lalgola CD Block: Rajarampur (4), Krishnapur-Dinupara (10) Bhagawangola I CD Block: Oper-Orahar, Sundarpur (2), Habaspur (10) Bhagawangola II CD Block: Fulpur (4), Kolan-Radhakantapur (10)

## Electoral constituencies

Lok Sabha (parliamentary) and Vidhan Sabha (state assembly) constituencies in Lalbag subdivision were as follows:
| Lok Sabha constituency | Reservation | Vidhan Sabha constituency | Reservation | CD Block and/or Gram panchayats and/or municipal areas |
| Murshdiabad | None | Bhagabangola | None | Bhagawangola II community development block and Bhagawangola, Habaspur, Hanumantanagar, Kuthirampur, Mahammadpur, Mahisasthali and Sundarpur gram panchayats of Bhagawangola I CD Block |
| | | Murshidabad | None | Murshidabad municipality, Jiaganj Azimganj municipality and Murshidabad-Jiaganj CD Block |
| | | 3 assembly segments in Domkol subdivision, 1 assembly segment each in Barhampur subdivision and Tehatta subdivision of Nadia district | | |
| Jangipur | None | Lalgola | None | Airmari Krishnapur, Bahadurpur, Bilbora Kopra, Dewansarai, Jasaitala, Kalmegha, Lalgola, Manikchak, Nashipur, Paikpara and Ramchandrapur GPs of Lalgola CD Block and Kantanagar GP of Bhagawangola I CD Block |
| | | Nabagram | Reserved for SC | Nabagram CD Block, and Niyallishpara Goaljan, Radharghat I, Radharghat II and Sahajadpur GPs of Berhampore CD Block |
| | | 4 assembly segments in Jangipur subdivision and 1 assembly segment in Kandi subdivision | | |