OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Israeli Presidential Conference

The Israeli Presidential Conference is a high level conference held in Jerusalem, once every 18 months originally, and more recently annually, under the auspices of the Israeli President and Nobel Prize laureate, Shimon Peres. The gathering, titled "Facing Tomorrow", brings together the world top leaders and thinkers in a wide variety of fields including policy, energy, science, economics, culture, art, religion, and thought, to navigate the most pressing global challenges ahead.

## History

The Conference was inaugurated in May 2008 by Israel's ninth President, Shimon Peres. The conference seeks to investigate the crises and solutions, trends and innovations, visions and ideals that are shaping our collective future. The aim of the Conference was the development of an annual event that not only "talks" but also drives action and encourages practical initiatives.
Previous conferences had as speakers a variety of global leaders, international scholars and activists, poets and scientists, artists and clergy, entrepreneurs, economists and industrialists, including George W. Bush, Elie Wiesel, Robert De Niro, Rupert Murdoch, and Bernard-Henri Lévy.
| Dates | Location | Theme | URL |
| 18 – 20 June 2013 | Jerusalem | The Human Factor | 2013 |
| 19 – 21 June 2012 | Jerusalem | | 2012 |
| 21 – 23 June 2011 | Jerusalem | A thriving tomorrow or a declining tomorrow? | 2011 |
| 20 – 22 October 2009 | Jerusalem | Our Mutual Tomorrow | 2009 |
| 13 – 15 May 2008 | Jerusalem | | 2008 |

## Structure

Each Conference consists of plenary sessions, panel discussions, roundtables, master classes and an exhibition.
The 2008 Conference Steering Committee partnered with The Jewish Policy Planning Institute to develop and produce the Conference. The 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2013 Steering Committees partnered with The Hebrew University of Jerusalem to develop and produce the Conference.

## 2013 Boycott Campaign

On 7 May 2013, physicist Stephen Hawking informed the organizers that he was cancelling his participation as keynote speaker. He indicated that this was in support of the academic boycott protesting Israel's treatment of Palestinians. It was later found that among the 20 academics who lobbied Hawking to boycott were Noam Chomsky and Malcolm Levitt who advocated boycott as the proper method for scientist to respond to the "explicit policy" of "systemic discrimination" against the non-Jewish and Palestinian population. Hawkings decision was heavily criticized by several academics, including former Harvard University president Larry Summers and David Newman, who warned that "an academic boycott just destroys one of the very few spaces left where Israelis and Palestinians actually do come together."
# Tucking Mill

Tucking Mill is a small hamlet within the parish of Monkton Combe, Somerset, England. It lies on Midford Brook and was a key point on the now disused Somerset Coal Canal.
It is at the southern end of the Two Tunnels Greenway which follows the disused railway trackbed of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway from East Twerton through the Bath suburb of Oldfield Park to the Devonshire Tunnel, emerging into Lyncombe Vale before entering the Combe Down Tunnel, and then coming out to cross Tucking Mill Viaduct into Midford.
There is also a small reservoir, which is now a fishery for the disabled.

## William Smith's home

From 1798 until 1810 Tucking Mill was the home of William Smith, an English geologist, credited with creating the first nationwide geological map. He is known as the "Father of English Geology" for collating the geological history of England and Wales into a single record. He worked on the Somerset coalfield and the Somerset Coal Canal. There is a plaque on Tucking Mill Cottage saying that it was Smith's home, which was erected in 1888, on the mill which was demolished in 1927, and the tablet was mislaid. When the plaque was rediscovered in the 1930s the Geological Society of London and the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution placed it on the 18th-century cottage. However, it is now believed that he actually lived in the nearby Tucking Mill House. During his occupation he built a small railway to transport stone from a quarry at Kingham Field, Combe Down to the canal.

## Fuller's earth factory

From 1883 until the end of World War II it was the site of a fuller's earth factory. George Dames and his brother Charles Richard Dames set up a mine in Horsecombe Vale. At the bottom of the valley was the pan grinding works where water from Horsecombe Brook was used to make a slurry from which sand settled at the bottom of troughs. The slurry then passed through an earthenware pipe to Tucking Mill, where a second stage of sedimentation took place in large troughs where it settled for up to 30 days. Once the water had been drained by sluices the damp caked earth was carried in wooden trams to kilns where it was dried for three to four days. The product was used in the oil refining and pharmaceutical industries. The original uses in woollen production no longer used fuller's earth. A railway siding at Midford railway station was built specifically to load fuller's earth.

## Gallery

* The cottage at Tucking Mill which has a plaque saying that William Smith lived there
* The house William Smith actually lived in
# Alice Schlapp

Alice F. Schlapp was an American Democratic politician from Methuen, Massachusetts. She represented the 4th Essex district in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1943 to 1946.
# Hayato Araki

Hayato Araki (荒木 隼人, Araki Hayato, born 7 August 1996) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Sanfrecce Hiroshima and the Japan national team.

## Honours
### Club

Sanfrecce Hiroshima
* J.League Cup: 2022
* Japanese Super Cup: 2025

### International

* EAFF Championship: 2022
# Vejen EH

Vejen EH is a former team handball club for women from Vejen, Denmark that played in the Damehåndboldligaen, the top league in Denmark. The club declared bankruptcy on 28 April, 2014.

## History

Vejen EH began as KIF Vejen in 2005, which in KIF Kolding thought that women's team too much stood in the shadow of the successful men's team, which has been one of the most successful teams in Denmark. By physically move the team to the way it was hoped to attract enough spectators and sponsors to maintain women's team's position in the league.
The best international result came in the 2009-2010 when the team played in the EHF Cup Winners' Cup final, where they lost to ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica 20:23 and 16:18 over two matches.
In 2011 it was decided to completely break with Kolding IF. From the beginning of the season 2013/14 the club changed as to EH Vejen. However, it was difficult to provide sufficient income, and 27 February 2014 the club was close to closing. They managed to raise capital so the season could be played to completion, but two months later declared the board club for bankruptcy. Nykøbing Falster Håndboldklub were offered their place in the league.
# Dennis Johnson (running back)

Dennis Johnson (born February 24, 1990) is a former American football running back. He played college football for Arkansas. He was signed by the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He has also been a member of the Cleveland Browns.

## Professional career
### Houston Texans

Johnson was signed by the Houston Texans on April 28, 2013. He was released by the Texans on August 30, 2013.

### Cleveland Browns

Johnson signed with the Cleveland Browns on September 2, 2013. He was released by the Browns on September 7 and re-signed to the Browns' practice squad on September 10, 2013.

### Houston Texans

Johnson was claimed by the Houston Texans off the Browns' practice squad on October 27, 2013. The Texans released Johnson on August 11, 2014.
# Lucien Lauk

Lucien Lauk (29 June 1911 – 8 June 2001) was a French racing cyclist. He rode in the 1948 Tour de France.
# Stephen aldehyde synthesis

Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE). This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl$_2$), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH$_2$]$^+$Cl$^−$) with water (H$_2$O). During the synthesis, ammonium chloride is also produced. It is a type of nucleophilic addition reaction.

## Mechanism

The following scheme shows the reaction mechanism:
By addition of hydrogen chloride the used nitrile (1) reacts to its corresponding salt (2). It is believed that this salt is reduced by a single electron transfer by the tin(II) chloride (3a and 3b). The resulting salt (4) precipitates after some time as aldimine tin chloride (5). Hydrolysis of 5 produces a hemiaminal (6) from which an aldehyde (7) is formed.
Substitutes that increase the electron density promote the formation of the aldimine-tin chloride adduct. With electron withdrawing substituents, the formation of an amide chloride is facilitated. In the past, the reaction was carried out by precipitating the aldimine-tin chloride, washing it with ether and then hydrolyzing it. However, it has been found that this step is unnecessary and the aldimine tin chloride can be hydrolysed directly in the solution.
This reaction is more efficient when aromatic nitriles are used instead of aliphatic ones. However, even for some aromatic nitriles (e. g. 2-cyanobenzoic acid ethyl ester) the yield can be low.

## Sonn-Müller method

In the Sonn-Müller method the intermediate iminium salt is obtained from reaction of an amide PhCONHPh with phosphorus pentachloride.
# Martin Schmidt (football manager)

Martin Schmidt (born 12 April 1967) is a Swiss professional football manager and current sporting director of 1. FSV Mainz 05.

## Coaching career
### Early career

Schmidt began his coaching career as an assistant coach at FC Raron and the youth team of FC Thun. On 30 March 2010, he signed a contract with 1. FSV Mainz 05 II, valid until 2013. He extended his contract until 2015 on 21 February 2013.

### Mainz 05

Schmidt became new head coach of 1. FSV Mainz 05 on 17 February 2015 after Kasper Hjulmand had been sacked. His contract was extended until 2018 on 21 April 2015. On 22 May 2017, it was announced that his contract with Mainz 05 was dissolved prematurely in accordance with the club's board.

### VfL Wolfsburg

Immediately after Andries Jonker was sacked in September 2017, Schmidt was appointed manager of the club. On 19 February 2018, Schmidt resigned effective immediately.

### FC Augsburg

He was appointed as the new head coach of FC Augsburg on 9 April 2019. He was sacked on 9 March 2020 following a 2–0 defeat to Bayern Munich.

### Back to Mainz 05

On 28 December 2020 it was confirmed, that Schmidt had returned to 1. FSV Mainz 05, however, this time as a sporting director. He left the club on 7 February 2025.

## Personal life

Schmidt was a part-time auto mechanic before becoming manager.

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 8 March 2020
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % | Ref. |
| Mainz 05 | 17 February 2015 | 22 May 2017 | 91 | 33 | 21 | 37 | 036.26 | |
| VfL Wolfsburg | 18 September 2017 | 19 February 2018 | 22 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 022.73 | |
| FC Augsburg | 9 April 2019 | 9 March 2020 | 32 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 028.13 | |
| Total | Total | Total | 145 | 47 | 39 | 59 | 032.41 | — |
# John Bartlett (publisher)

John Bartlett (June 14, 1820 – December 3, 1905) was an American writer and publisher and the editor of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, which he revised continuously and published in several editions. Since Bartlett's death in 1905, the book has continued to be published in multiple editions, most recently in 2022.

## Early life and education

Bartlett was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, to William Bartlett and Susan Thacher.
His father was a descendant of Mayflower Pilgrims, including Love Brewster, a founder of Bridgewater, Massachusetts, William Brewster, the Pilgrim colonist leader and spiritual elder of the Plymouth Colony, and John Alden, who was a cooper in Southampton, England, and who along with the Brewsters was a signer of the Mayflower Compact.
His mother was a direct descendant of Anthony and Elizabeth Thacher, who were the sole survivors of a shipwreck on August 14, 1635, in which 21 passengers, including their four children, drowned. Thacher Island, a small island off Cape Ann off the Massachusetts coast in the United States is named after them.
Bartlett was able to read by age three. By age nine, he read the entire Bible.

## Career

He finished school at age 16, and then moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he worked for the University Bookstore that served Harvard University. By 29-years-old, he owned the store. Known for his memory for quotations and trivia, "Ask John Bartlett" became a byword in the community when someone was stumped.

### Bartlett's Familiar Quotations

Bartlett began keeping a commonplace book of quotations to answer queries. In 1855, he privately printed the first edition of his Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, which was 258 pages long and included notable historical and current quotes from 169 people. One-third of the book was quotations from the Bible and the works of William Shakespeare, and most of the balance were quotes from the great English poets.
Bartlett sold the bookstore in 1862 to become a paymaster in the U.S. Navy during the Civil War. He served on the South Atlantic station, and returned to Boston in 1863, joining Little, Brown and Company, one of the nation's leading book publishers. That same year, Little, Brown issued the fourth edition of his quotation book. He rose to be the firm's senior partner in 1878 and retired in 1889. In addition to his work on quotations, overseeing nine editions of the book, he wrote on fishing and chess and compiled a massive concordance of Shakespeare, published in 1894, that is still the standard work of its kind.
The concordance, which Bartlett estimated consumed 16,000 hours of his time, was compiled with his wife Hannah, the daughter of Sidney Willard, a professor of Hebrew at Harvard University, and the granddaughter of Joseph Willard, president of Harvard.

## Honors

In 1971, Bartlett was awarded an honorary degree from Harvard University. In 1892, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In 2022, the 19th edition of his Familiar Quotations was published by Little, Brown and Company.

## Death

Bartlett died in Cambridge, Massachusetts at age 85.
# Most Annoying People

Most Annoying Person is a British television programme that was broadcast on BBC Three from 27 December 2006 to 26 December 2011 and was usually shown each year during the end of December. The show counted down the 100 "most irritating" people, with celebrities, pop stars, and politicians all in the running. It was narrated by Richard Bacon.

## History

The show for 2008 was criticised in March 2009 for homophobic comments about Lindsay Lohan. The BBC Trust's Editorial Standards Committee condemned comments by DJ Spoony and Ron Jeremy and demanded they be cut from future repeats. Agyness Deyn won that year.

## Top Tens

Top tens :
| Year | Most annoying person | Top ten |
| 2006 | Pete Doherty | 2nd: Nikki Grahame 3rd: Russell Brand 4th: Heather Mills 5th: Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes 6th: Kerry Katona 7th: John Prescott 8th: Sophie Anderton 9th: Paris Hilton 10th: Lily Allen |
| 2007 | Amy Winehouse | 2nd: Heather Mills 3rd: Posh and Becks 4th: Jade Goody 5th: Pete Doherty 6th: David Hasselhoff 7th: Paris Hilton 8th: Tony Blair 9th: Britney Spears 10th: Facebook |
| 2008 | Agyness Deyn | 2nd: Peaches Geldof and Takeshi Iwasawa 3rd: Gordon Brown 4th: Kerry Katona 5th: Thomas Beatie 6th: Madonna 7th: Ronnie Wood 8th: Prince William 9th: Sienna Miller 10th: Mitch Winehouse |
| 2009 | Katie Price | 2nd: United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal 3rd: Jedward 4th: Lady Gaga 5th: Gordon Ramsay 6th: Kerry Katona 7th: Simon Cowell and Susan Boyle 8th: Twitter 9th: Kanye West 10th: Posh and Becks |
| 2010 | England national football team | 2nd: Takeshi Iwasawa 3rd: Lindsay Lohan 4th: Tony Hayward 5th: Katie Price 6th: Mel Gibson 7th: George Michael 8th: Naomi Campbell 9th: Tiger Woods 10th: Lady Gaga |
| 2011 | England rioters | 2nd: News of the World 3rd: Superinjunctions 4th: Ashley Cole 5th: Charlie Sheen 6th: Pippa Middleton 7th: Wayne Rooney 8th: Takeshi Iwasawa 9th: Darryn Lyons 10th: Geordie Shore |

## Ratings

The show for 2011 got 776,000 viewers (3.1%) on 26 December 2011.

## Transmissions

| Series | Start date | End date | Episodes |
| 1 | 27 December 2006 | 28 December 2006 | 2 |
| 2 | 22 December 2007 | 23 December 2007 | 2 |
| 3 | 27 December 2008 | 29 December 2008 | 2 |
| 4 | 27 December 2009 | 28 December 2009 | 2 |
| 5 | 27 December 2010 | 28 December 2010 | 2 |
| 6 | 26 December 2011 | 27 December 2011 | 2 |
# Vietnam Enterprise Investments

Vietnam Enterprise Investments Limited is a Cayman Islands-registered, closed-end investment trust managed by Dragon Capital It is invested in listed equity on the Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi stock exchanges in Vietnam.
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is the largest shareholder, owning 11.5% of the company, followed by Sirius Investment Fund, which owns 10.1%, and City of London Investment Management Company, which owns an 8.7% stake.

## History

Vietnam Enterprise Investments was established in 1995, and listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The fund is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index with a net asset value of US$2.5bn (unaudited September 2021). The chairman is Gordon Lawson. The portfolio manager is Vu Huu Dien.

## Investments

As of December 31, 2021, its top 10 investments were:
| Company name | Ticker | Percentage of net asset value |
| Hoa Phat Group | HOSE: HPG | 12.2% |
| VP Bank | HOSE: VPB | 10.7% |
| Asia Commercial Bank | HOSE: ACB | 9.8% |
| Mobile World | HOSE: MWG | 9.6% |
| Vinhomes | HOSE: VHM | 6.7% |
| Vietcombank | HOSE: VCB | 6.0% |
| Vingroup | HOSE: VIC | 5.5% |
| FPT | HOSE: FPT | 4.3% |
| Techcombank | HOSE: TCB | 3.9% |
| Dat Xanh | HOSE: DXG | 3.8% |
Some other major investments with unknown percentages of NAV are:
* VCSC (Bao Viet Securities) (HNX:TC6)
* Phu Nhuan Jewelry (HOSE:PNJ)
* Viglacera Corporation (HNX:VGC)
* Vietnam Innovative Startup Accelerator (VIISA)
* Saigon Securities Incorporation (HOSE:SSI)
* Ho Chi Minh City Securities Corporation (HOSE:HCM)
* Vietnam Engine and Agricultural Machinery Corporation (VEAM) (HNX:VEA)
# PowerDsine

PowerDsine was a semiconductor and systems company, acquired by Microsemi in January 2007 following its IPO in 2004. It was established in 1994. Its initial products were telephone ringing generators, and it also developed DSL remote power feeding modules, before inventing Power over Ethernet's (PoE) precursor Power over LAN.
PowerDsine, a prominent company in the field of Power over Ethernet (PoE) technologies, supplied a range of products including PoE Injectors, which are devices that add power to Ethernet cables for powering network devices. Additionally, they provided specialized PoE Test Equipment to ensure the proper functioning of PoE installations, and PoE Integrated Circuits (ICs) for embedding PoE capabilities into various network devices.
# SK Tirfing

SK Tirfing is a sports club in Skutskär in northern Uppland in Sweden. Established on 20 January 1923, the club won the Swedish national men's bandy championship in 1930. Between 1931 and 1942, the club played seven seasons in the Swedish top division. The club gave up bandy in 1981, and what remains is a women's team handball section.

## History

In the first year of bandy league system in Sweden, 1930–31, Tirfing entered in Division 1 Norra together with AIK, Hammarby IF, IF Vesta, IFK Rättvik, IK Sirius, Skutskärs IF, and Västerås SK and finished fourth.

## Honours
### Domestic

* Swedish Champions:
** Winners (1): 1930
# Sohar Aluminium

Sohar Aluminium Company is the first Aluminium smelter in the Sultanate of Oman. Established in 2004, it is under the ownership of Oman Oil Company, Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC – TAQA and Rio Tinto, a leading aluminium mining and production company. The company's annual production of primary aluminium is 375,000 tonnes per annum and it has a port facility for receiving and exporting aluminium and can support vessels with a capacity of at least 75,000 metric tonnes.

## History

Formed in September 2004, Sohar Aluminium LLC is a joint venture between Oman Oil Company S.A.O.G (40%), Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (40%), and Rio Tinto Alcan (20%). Tony Kinsman was appointed CEO of Sohar Aluminium in September 2004.
# 2023 Salguiero raid

On March 23, 2023, Brazilian police raided a favela in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro in search of drug traffickers from Comando Vermelho. Thirteen drug traffickers were killed in the raid, and two were arrested. The raid was one of the deadliest in Rio de Janeiro history.

## Background

Comando Vermelho is one of Brazil's largest drug trafficking cartels. Since 2019, CV militants have killed over 40 police officers in Pará, a northern Brazilian state. The Salguiero complex, a favela in Rio de Janeiro's Sao Goncalo favela that's home to a million people, was targeted in 2021 in a raid that killed nine people, and a massacre that same year in Jacarezinho.

## Raid

The raid was conducted by officers from Para and from Sergipe. The target of the raid was Leonardo Costa Araujo, the head of CV in Para who had been wanted by Brazilian authorities since 2019. Araujo was responsible for the killings of the 40 police officers in Para, and also conducted drug trafficking activities in Salguiero. Several other smaller leaders for CV in western Rio were targeted as well. A spokesman for the Rio de Janeiro police stated that the raid turned into a shootout, and all Brazilian police vehicles had bullet holes. After the raid, police vehicles drove through Salguiero until nightfall.
Thirteen people were killed in the raid, including Araujo. Two CV militants were arrested, and two civilian bystanders were injured and taken to the hospital. The raid was tied for the eighth deadliest in Brazilian history, alongside the 1995 Alemao raid, the Morro do Vidigal raid in 2006, and the Catumbi raid in 2007.
# Profilo

Profilo Durable Household Appliances, or shortly Profilo, is a Turkish white goods and electronic products manufacturer founded in Istanbul in 1976. It is included in the BSH group.
It was founded by the famous Jewish Turkish businessman Jak Kamhi. Since 1995, it has been operating under BSH. White goods, built-in appliances, vacuum cleaners, air conditioners, water heaters and small household appliances constitute the main product network.
# Pier59 Studios

Pier59 Studios is a multimedia fashion studio, located at Chelsea Piers in New York City. At 110,000 square feet, it is considered to be the largest commercial photography/multimedia studio in the world.
The studio was established in 1995 by its founder, Federico Pignatelli, with the goal of transforming the location into the premier studio in Chelsea, Manhattan.
# Lewaszówka

Lewaszówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jastrzębia, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Jastrzębia, 21 km (13 mi) north-east of Radom, and 78 km (48 mi) south of Warsaw.