OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1984 Soviet Union legislative election

Supreme Soviet elections were held in the Soviet Union on 4 March 1984. The elections were called on December 16, 1983. The elections were not free and fair, as there was no genuine competition and no meaningful choice for voters to make.
They were the last in the Soviet Union to be held before Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and demokratizatsiya resulted in partially free elections in 1989. They were also the last direct elections to the Supreme Soviet, as in 1989 deputies were elected to the Congress of People's Deputies, who then elected the Supreme Soviet.

## Electoral system

Candidates had to be nominated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) or by a public organisation. However, all public organisations were controlled by the party and were subservient to a 1931 law that required them to accept party rule. The CPSU itself remained the only legal one in the country.
Voters could vote against the CPSU candidate, but could only do so by using polling booths, whereas votes for the party could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot. Turnout was required to be over 50% for the election to be valid.

## Candidates

CPSU candidates accounted for around three quarters of the nominees, whilst many of the others were members of Komsomol.

## Results

With over 184 million Soviet citizens voting in the election, over 99% of the votes went to a deputy to the Supreme Soviet, with over 100,000 votes against Party candidates, the lowest for any election in the Soviet Union.

### Soviet of the Union

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | 183,897,278 | 99.94 | 551 | +2 |
| | Independents | 183,897,278 | 99.94 | 199 | –2 |
| Against | Against | 109,078 | 0.06 | – | – |
| Total | Total | 184,006,356 | 100.00 | 750 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 184,006,356 | 100.00 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 17 | 0.00 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 184,006,373 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 184,029,412 | 99.99 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||

### Soviet of Nationalities

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | 183,592,183 | 99.77 | 521 | –5 |
| | Independents | 183,592,183 | 99.77 | 229 | +5 |
| Against | Against | 414,172 | 0.23 | – | – |
| Total | Total | 184,006,355 | 100.00 | 750 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 184,006,355 | 100.00 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 18 | 0.00 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 184,006,373 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 184,029,412 | 99.99 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Connotation

A connotation is a commonly understood cultural or emotional association that any given word or phrase carries, in addition to its explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation.
A connotation is frequently described as either positive or negative, with regard to its pleasing or displeasing emotional connection. For example, a stubborn person may be described as being either strong-willed or pig-headed; although these have the same literal meaning (stubborn), strong-willed connotes admiration for the level of someone's will (a positive connotation), while pig-headed connotes frustration in dealing with someone (a negative connotation).

## Usage

"Connotation" branches into a mixture of different meanings. These could include the contrast of a word or phrase with its primary, literal meaning (known as a denotation), with what that word or phrase specifically denotes. The connotation essentially relates to how anything may be associated with a word or phrase; for example, an implied value, judgement or feelings.

### Logic

In logic and semantics, connotation is roughly synonymous with intension. Connotation is often contrasted with denotation, which is more or less synonymous with extension. Alternatively, the connotation of the word may be thought of as the set of all its possible referents (as opposed to merely the actual ones). A word's denotation is the collection of things it refers to; its connotation is what it implies about the things it is used to refer to (a second level of meanings is termed connotative). The connotation of dog is (something like) four-legged canine carnivore. So, saying, "You are a dog" would connote that you were ugly or aggressive rather than literally denoting you as a canine.

### Related terms

It is often useful to avoid words with strong connotations (especially pejorative or disparaging ones) when striving to achieve a neutral point of view. A desire for more positive connotations, or fewer negative ones, is one of the main reasons for using euphemisms.
Semiotic closure, as defined by Terry Eagleton, concerns "a sealed world of ideological stability, which repels the disruptive, decentered forces of language in the name of an imaginary unity. Signs are ranked by a certain covert violence into rigidly hierarchical order. . . . The process of forging ‘representations’ always involves this arbitrary closing of the signifying chain, constricting the free play of the signifier to a spuriously determinate meaning which can then be received by the subject as natural and inevitable".
# Koichiro Ichimura

Koichiro Ichimura (市村 浩一郎, Ichimura Kōichirō, born July 16, 1964) is a Japanese politician of the Japan Innovation Party, who serves as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Fukuoka, Fukuoka and graduate of Hitotsubashi University, he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2003 after an unsuccessful run in 2000.
# HSH Class 72

Class 72 was a single steam locomotive of Hekurudha Shqiptare, the railway company of Albania. The locomotive was built by Maschinenfabrik Esslingen for Dynamit Nobel initially and came to Albania later.
# Kaala

Kaala may refer to:
* Kaala, Guinea
* Ka'ala, the highest peak on the island of Oahu, Hawaii
* Kaala (2017 film), a 2017 Sinhalese film directed by Sujeewa Gunarathne starring Mahendra Perera
* Kaala (2018 film), a 2018 Indian Tamil film directed by Pa. Ranjith starring Rajinikanth
* Kaala (TV series), a 2023 Indian television series directed by Bejoy Nambiar starring Avinash Tiwary
* Kaala (gastropod), a genus of gastropods in the family Microcystidae
# Women's International Zionist Organization

The Women's International Zionist Organization (WIZO; Hebrew: ויצו Vitzo) is a volunteer organization dedicated to social welfare in all sectors of Israeli society, the advancement of the status of women, and Jewish education in Israel and the Diaspora.

## History

WIZO was founded in England on 7 July 1920 by Rebecca Sieff, Dr. Vera Weizmann (wife of Israel's first president, Dr. Chaim Weizmann), Edith Eder, Romana Goodman, and Henrietta Irwell to provide community services for the residents of Mandatory Palestine. Among WIZO's early social welfare projects in Mandatory Palestine were the establishment of Tipat Halav well-baby clinics and clothing distribution centers, many of which are still in operation today. WIZO opened the country's first day care center in Tel Aviv in 1927.
WIZO branches opened across Europe, such as that run by Julia Batino in Macedonia, but many were closed down in the wake of Nazi occupation and the Holocaust. Branches in Latin America continued to operate during the war.
In 1949, after the establishment of the State of Israel, WIZO moved its headquarters to Israel and Sieff became president of the world WIZO organization. In 1966 Sieff died, she was replaced by Rosa Ginossar, who had been acting President since 1963. Other past presidents include Raya Jaglom and Michal Har'el, former Miss Israel and wife of Israeli politician Yitzhak Moda'i.
Presidents Evelyn Sommer (WIZO) and Ilana Ben Ami (WIZO Israel) tried to negotiate with Mexican president Luis Echeverría in 1975 to dissuade him from condemning Zionism as racism during the World Conference on Women in Mexico. Despite Echeverría's promises, UN General Assembly, after the impulse of Arab countries and the support of the Non-Aligned Movement countries and the Soviet bloc, adopted Resolution 3379 against Zionism. Almost 20 years passed before the UN Resolution 46/86 revoked the 1975 determination.
In 2008, WIZO, together with two other women's organizations, received the Israel Prize for its lifetime achievements and special contribution to society and the State of Israel.

## Political activity in Israel

WIZO formed a party and ran for Knesset in Israel's first elections in 1949, receiving 1.2% of the vote. It won one seat and was represented by Rachel Cohen-Kagan, chairwoman of WIZO at the time. Cohen-Kagan later ran in elections for the fifth Knesset as a member of the Liberal Party (though she was a member of the group that broke away to form the Independent Liberals).

## Today

Today, WIZO runs 180 day care centers in Israel, caring for 14,000 children of working mothers, new immigrants and needy families. The organization also runs summer camps, courses for single-parent families and therapeutic frameworks for children removed from their homes by court order.
WIZO is now the largest women's Zionist organization in the world. In 2008, 36 member countries sent delegates to Israel to celebrate the organization's 88th birthday.
The current World WIZO president is Anat Vidor, who replaced Esther Mor in January 2024.
# 1993 Gabonese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Gabon on 5 December 1993, the first time more than one candidate had contested a presidential election in the country. Incumbent President Omar Bongo, in power since 1967, sought a five-year term against twelve other candidates. According to official results Bongo won in the first round with 51.2% of the vote. However, the main opposition leader, Paul Mba Abessole, alleged fraud, claimed victory, and threatened to form a rival government. Riots in 1994 practically brought the country to a standstill until Bongo agreed to attend a peace conference with opposition groups in September 1994, in which a coalition government was formed until the 1996 parliamentary election, which Bongo's Gabonese Democratic Party won by a landslide.

## Campaign

Bongo was supported by the "New Alliance", a coalition that included the Association for Socialism in Gabon, the Circle of Liberal Reformers, the Gabonese Socialist Union and the People's Unity Party.

## Results

Based on exit polling at the time of the election, the news organization Reuters placed Bongo's share of the vote at about 37%. Voter turnout was 88.1%.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Omar Bongo | Gabonese Democratic Party | 213,793 | 51.18 |
| | Paul Mba Abessole | National Woodcutters Rally | 110,747 | 26.51 |
| | Pierre Louis Agondjo Okawe | Gabonese Progress Party | 19,961 | 4.78 |
| | Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou | Social Democratic Party | 15,220 | 3.64 |
| | Jules-Aristide Bourdes-Ogouliguende | Independent | 14,113 | 3.38 |
| | Alexandre Sambat | Independent | 10,819 | 2.59 |
| | Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge | Democratic and Republican Alliance | 9,203 | 2.20 |
| | Léon Mbou Yembi | African Forum for Reconstruction | 7,625 | 1.83 |
| | Jean-Pierre Lemboumba-Lepandou | Independent Centre Party | 5,768 | 1.38 |
| | Marc Saturnin Nan Nguéma | Independent | 3,579 | 0.86 |
| | Simon Oyono Aba | MORENA–Original | 3,466 | 0.83 |
| | Adrien Nguemah-Ondo | MORENA–Unionist | 1,842 | 0.44 |
| | Léon Mébiame | | 1,583 | 0.38 |
| Total | Total | Total | 417,719 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 417,719 | 97.92 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 8,875 | 2.08 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 426,594 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 484,319 | 88.08 |
| Source: African Elections Database |||||
# Mustapha Raifak

Mustapha Raifak (born 9 September 1975 in Montreuil) is a French high jumper.
Raifak was a four-time All-American for the SMU Mustangs track and field team, finishing 5th in the high jump at the 2000 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships.
He finished seventh at the 2006 World Cup. He also competed at the 1997 World Championships and the 2006 World Indoor Championships without reaching the final round.
His personal best jump is 2.28 metres, achieved in July 1997 in Toulouse.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing France |||||
| 1993 | European Junior Championships | San Sebastián, Spain | 14th (q) | 2.09 m |
| 1997 | European U23 Championships | Turku, Finland | 5th | 2.21 m |
| 1997 | World Championships | Athens, Greece | 20th (q) | 2.23 m |
| 1997 | Universiade | Catania, Italy | 16th (q) | 2.10 m |
| 1998 | European Indoor Championships | Valencia, Spain | 20th (q) | 2.10 m |
| 2001 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Ottawa, Canada | 4th | 2.21 m |
| 2001 | Mediterranean Games | Radès, Tunisia | 11th | 2.10 m |
| 2005 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Niamey, Niger | 1st | 2.24 m |
| 2006 | World Indoor Championships | Moscow, Russia | 13th (q) | 2.24 m |
| 2006 | World Cup | Athens, Greece | 7th | 2.10 m |
# Warangal Tri-City

The three urban cities Kazipet, Hanamkonda and Warangal are together known as Warangal Tri-City. The three cities are connected by National Highway 163. The major stations are Kazipet Junction railway station and Warangal railway station.
# Andrea Bruce

Andrea Bruce (born 10 July 1955) is a Jamaican athlete. She competed in the women's high jump at the 1972 Summer Olympics, making it to the final round and placing ninth.

## Athletics

Bruce attended Prairie View A&M University, where she competed on the track and field team. She won the 400-meter hurdles at the 1974 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships.
She placed second in the high jump in the 1975 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships.
# David S. Lewis

David Sloan Lewis Jr. (July 6, 1917 – December 15, 2003) was an American aeronautical engineer who led aerospace and defense giant General Dynamics for 14 years.

## Early life

David Lewis was born in 1917, in North Augusta, South Carolina. As a child, he loved to read aviation books and build model aircraft.
Lewis attended the University of South Carolina, and transferred to Georgia Tech for his last two years. He graduated in 1939 with a degree in aeronautical engineering. While at Georgia Tech, he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

## Career

After college Lewis began his work career at the Glenn L. Martin Company. Then in 1946, he moved to McDonnell Aircraft Company and became chief of aerodynamics. He was the program manager for the highly successful F-4 Phantom II jet fighter.
Following the merger of McDonnell and Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967, David Lewis served as president of McDonnell Douglas until 1970.
Lewis became the head of General Dynamics in 1970. He was influential in having the F-16 design team choose the Pratt & Whitney F100 turbofan engine following his experience with the engine in the McDonnell Douglas F-15 fighter. He remained head of the company until he retired in 1986. Upon his retirement, he remained on the board of directors through 1993. He also served on the Board of Directors for Ralston Purina and Mead Paper, as well as the Board Executive Committee for Bank of America.
Lewis received numerous national and international awards for his contribution to the field of aeronautics, including the Robert J. Collier Trophy in 1975, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1977, the Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz Award in 1981, the Daniel Guggenheim Medal in 1982, and the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy in 1984. Lewis was inducted into the South Carolina Business Hall of Fame in 2000. He was a member of the Georgia Tech Council of Distinguished Engineering Graduates and a trustee emeritus of the Georgia Tech and Washington University in St. Louis Foundations. He was named a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the National Academy of Engineering.

## Personal life

Lewis was married to his wife, Dorothy, for 62 years. They had four children.
# Farman Fatehpuri

Farman Fatehpuri (Urdu: فرمان فتح پوری) (born Syed Dildar Ali (Urdu: سید دلدار علی), 26 January 1926 – 3 August 2013) was an Urdu linguist, researcher, writer, critic and scholar of Pakistan.
He is widely regarded as a leading authority on the life and work of Ghalib. He wrote many scholarly articles, book reviews, and editorials. In 1985, he received the Sitara-e-Imtiaz Award for his literary accomplishments in 1985 from the President of Pakistan.

## Biography

Fatehpuri was born on 26 January 1926 in the Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. His father died in 1933 while he was still a child. He received his matriculation from Fatehpur and intermediate education (high school) from Allahabad in 1948. He graduated from Agra University in 1950. Farman migrated to Pakistan in 1950 and settled in Karachi. He completed his Master of Arts, LLB and B.T. from Karachi University. In 1965, he obtained his PhD degree. He also received a D.Litt (Doctor of Letters) degree in Urdu in 1974. He remained associated with Karachi University for nearly 30 years and taught many PhD students and researchers. He was later appointed chief editor and secretary of the Urdu Dictionary Board in 1985. In the same year, he was awarded the Sitara-i-Imtiaz medal (Star of Excellence) by the President of Pakistan.
From 1996 on, he served as a member of the Civil Services Board of the Sindh Government. He became the editor of the monthly publication, Nigar – the oldest Urdu literary journal, founded by Farman's mentor, Allama Niaz Fatehpuri.

## Death

He died on 3 August 2013 (24th Ramadan). His final rites were offered on 4 August 2013, and he was buried in the Karachi University graveyard.

## Personal life

He was survived by his wife. They have six children; two sons and four daughters. Eldest is Syed Abrar Ali Engineer, who is retired from top post in KESC, Karachi. Second son is Dr. Absar Ali, prominent physician of New York and is consultant in a reputable institution. He is also the founder and director of Dr. Farman Fatehpuri Academy based in USA and Pakistan. Daughters include Dr. Shamim Salman; a prominent physician of New York and President of the New York Chapter of APPNA (Association of Physicians of Pakistani Descent of North America). She is also president of Dr. Farman Fatehpuri Academy. Other daughters include, Dr Najma Hashmi; retired professor from Karachi University, Dr. Waseem Salahuddin; retired physician from Sindh Government, and Dr Uzma Farman; youngest daughter who is professor and Head of the Urdu Department at Karachi University.

## Literary works

Farman's works and ideas have had a strong influence on researchers investigating the poetry and prose of Ghalib and Urdu linguistics. He was the author of more than 60 titles on the Urdu poetry of Ghalib and Allama Iqbal, including linguistics, critique, and biography.
# Carpineto della Nora

Carpineto della Nora is a comune and town in the province of Pescara, Abruzzo region, Italy. It is located in the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park.
# 1993 Guinean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Guinea on 19 December 1993. They were the first since the country returned to multi-party politics in 1990, and the first to feature more than one candidate. The result was a victory for Lansana Conté of the Unity and Progress Party, who received 52% of the vote. Voter turnout was 78%.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Lansana Conté | Unity and Progress Party | 1,077,017 | 51.71 |
| | Alpha Condé | Rally of the Guinean People | 407,221 | 19.55 |
| | Mamadou Boye Bah | Union for the New Republic | 278,638 | 13.38 |
| | Siradiou Diallo | Renewal and Progress Party | 247,100 | 11.86 |
| | Facinet Touré | National Union for the Prosperity of Guinea | 29,275 | 1.41 |
| | Jean Marie Doré | Union for the Progress of Guinea | 19,007 | 0.91 |
| | Mansour Kaba | Dyama Party | 12,886 | 0.62 |
| | Ismael Gushein | Democratic Party of Guinea | 11,696 | 0.56 |
| Total | Total | Total | 2,082,840 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,082,840 | 93.13 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 153,586 | 6.87 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,236,426 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,850,394 | 78.46 |
| Source: African Elections Database |||||
# Alfriston, New Zealand

Alfriston is a locality south of Auckland, New Zealand. Prior to November 2010 it was under the authority of the Papakura District Council and is now part of Auckland Council. Alfriston is in the Manurewa-Papakura ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council.
The town was settled in the 1840s and was originally named Papakura Valley, before the name was changed to Alfriston, after Alfriston, Sussex, home of one of the earliest settlers, Dr George Edward Bodle. The name of the town means Aelfric's village, named for Ælfric of Eynsham.

## Demographics

Alfriston covers 1.85 km$^2$ (0.71 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 3,980 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2,151 people per km$^2$.
Alfriston had a population of 3,975 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 204 people (5.4%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 513 people (14.8%) since the 2013 census. There were 1,938 males, 2,028 females and 6 people of other genders in 1,101 dwellings. 1.9% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 35.8 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 813 people (20.5%) aged under 15 years, 792 (19.9%) aged 15 to 29, 1,710 (43.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 663 (16.7%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 30.5% European (Pākehā); 12.5% Māori; 18.7% Pasifika; 45.5% Asian; 4.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 90.2%, Māori language by 2.8%, Samoan by 5.6%, and other languages by 37.9%. No language could be spoken by 2.6% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.3%. The percentage of people born overseas was 46.5, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 35.6% Christian, 11.6% Hindu, 4.5% Islam, 0.7% Māori religious beliefs, 2.1% Buddhist, 0.1% New Age, 0.2% Jewish, and 13.7% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 27.3%, and 4.4% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 765 (24.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 1,365 (43.2%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 1,038 (32.8%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $38,800, compared with $41,500 nationally. 324 people (10.2%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,587 (50.2%) people were employed full-time, 303 (9.6%) were part-time, and 99 (3.1%) were unemployed.

## Notable places

Christ Church was built in 1877. The Church has a tower and spire at the front.

## Education

Alfriston College is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of 1,204. It opened in 2004.
Alfriston School is a full primary school (years 1–8) with a roll of 367.
Both these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of November 2024.