# Parliamentary elections in Turkey

Parliamentary elections in Turkey determine the composition of the Grand National Assembly for the next five years. The members are elected for a five-year term through a proportional system in 87 multi-member constituencies with closed party lists or as independent candidates.

## Participation
### Age of candidacy

The age of candidacy was 30 in the newly established Republic of Turkey. The age of candidacy dropped from 30 to 25 through a constitutional amendment in 2006. Following the 2017 constitutional referendum, it was further lowered to 18.

### Voting age

According to the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire (1876), the voting age was 25. In the newly established Republic of Turkey, the voting age was reduced to 18 due to the decreasing population. The voting age was increased to 22 in 1934, decreased to 21 in 1987, and 18 in 1995.

### Voter turnout

The voter turnout for the average of 18 parliamentary election is 81.4%. Turkey has a high voter turnout rate compared to other democracies. The participation rate in Turkey is also higher than the participation rates in countries where compulsory voting is loosely applied. With the exception of 1960–1970, voter turnout rate in Turkey is above the world average from 1950 to the present in Turkey.
Voter turnout at parliamentary elections :
| Election year | Registered voters | Total votes | Turnout |
| 1950 | 8,905,743 | 7,953,085 | 89.3 |
| 1954 | 10,262,063 | 9,095,617 | 88.6 |
| 1957 | 12,078,623 | 9,250,949 | 76.6 |
| 1961 | 12,925,395 | 10,522,716 | 81.4 |
| 1965 | 13,679,753 | 9,748,678 | 71.3 |
| 1969 | 14,788,552 | 9,516,035 | 64.3 |
| 1973 | 16,798,164 | 11,223,843 | 66.8 |
| 1977 | 21,207,303 | 15,358,210 | 72.4 |
| 1983 | 19,767,366 | 18,238,362 | 92.3 |
| 1987 | 26,376,926 | 24,603,541 | 93.3 |
| 1991 | 29,979,123 | 25,157,089 | 83.9 |
| 1995 | 34,155,981 | 29,101,469 | 85.2 |
| 1999 | 37,495,217 | 32,656,070 | 87.1 |
| 2002 | 41,407,027 | 32,768,161 | 79.1 |
| 2007 | 42,799,303 | 36,056,293 | 84.2 |
| 2011 | 52,806,322 | 43,914,948 | 83.2 |
| 2015 | 56,608,817 | 47,507,467 | 83.9 |
| 2015 | 56,949,009 | 48,537,695 | 85.2 |
| 2018 | 59,367,469 | 51,189,444 | 86.2 |
| 2023 | 60,721,745 | 55,835,895 | 87.1 |

## Electoral system
### Electoral districts

Turkey is split into 87 electoral districts, which elect a certain number of representatives to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Electoral district are allocated a certain number of MPs in proportion to their population. The Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey conducts population reviews of each district before an election and adjusts a district's number of seats according to the latest census.
Number of parliamentary constituencies by province and year :
| Election year | Election year | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 20th century | 21st century | 21st century | 21st century | 21st century | 21st century | 21st century | 21st century |
| Election year | Election year | '20 | '23 | '27 | '31 | '35 | '39 | '43 | '46 | '50 | '54 | '57 | '61 | '65 | '69 | '73 | '77 | '83 | '87 | '91 | '95 | '99 | '02 | '07 | '11 | '15 | '15 | '18 | '23 |
| # | Total | 436 | 333 | 335 | 348 | 444 | 470 | 492 | 503 | 477 | 537 | 602 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 400 | 450 | 450 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 600 | 600 |
| | Province | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 | Adana | 7 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| 2 | Adıyaman | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 3 | Afyonkarahisar | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| 4 | Ağrı | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 68 | Aksaray | | 3 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Amasya | 7 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 6 | Ankara | 9 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 29 | 23 | 26 | 23 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 36 | 36 |
| 7 | Antalya | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 17 |
| 75 | Ardahan | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | Artvin | | 1 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | Aydın | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| 10 | Balikesir | 6 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
| 74 | Bartın | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 72 | Batman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| − | Batum | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 69 | Bayburt | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| − | Biga | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 11 | Bilecik | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 12 | Bingöl | 6 | 2 | | | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 13 | Bitlis | 7 | 2 | 3 | | | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 14 | Bolu | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 15 | Burdur | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 16 | Bursa | 7 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 20 |
| 17 | Çanakkale | | | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 18 | Çankırı | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| − | Çatalca | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 19 | Çorum | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 20 | Denizli | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
| 21 | Diyarbakır | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
| 81 | Düzce | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 22 | Edirne | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| 23 | Elazığ | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| − | Ergani | 11 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 24 | Erzincan | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 25 | Erzurum | 10 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 26 | Eskişehir | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| 26 | Gaziantep | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 14 |
| − | Gelibolu | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 28 | Giresun | | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 29 | Gümüşhane | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 30 | Hakkâri | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 31 | Hatay | | | | | | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 |
| 76 | Iğdır | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 32 | Isparta | 6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| − | İçel | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 34 | Istanbul | 12 | 23 | 17 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 28 | 30 | 25 | 29 | 39 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 38 | 44 | 36 | 45 | 50 | 61 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 85 | 88 | 88 | 98 | 98 |
| 35 | Izmir | 8 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 28 |
| 46 | Kahramanmaraş | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 78 | Karabük | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 70 | Karaman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 36 | Kars | 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 37 | Kastamonu | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 38 | Kayseri | 7 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 |
| 71 | Kırıkkale | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 39 | Kırklareli | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 40 | Kırşehir | 7 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 79 | Kilis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 41 | Kocaeli | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 14 |
| 42 | Konya | 10 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| − | Kozan | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 43 | Kütahya | 6 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| − | Lazistan | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 44 | Malatya | 11 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 45 | Manisa | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 |
| 47 | Mardin | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 33 | Mersin | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 13 |
| 48 | Muğla | 11 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| 49 | Muş | 7 | 3 | | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| 50 | Nevşehir | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 51 | Niğde | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| − | Oltu | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 52 | Ordu | | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| 80 | Osmaniye | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 53 | Rize | | 6 | 6 | 6 | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 54 | Sakarya | | | | | | | | | | | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 |
| 55 | Samsun | 6 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 56 | Siirt | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 57 | Sinop | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 58 | Sivas | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 15 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| − | Siverek | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 63 | Şanlıurfa | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 14 |
| − | Şebinkarahisar | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 73 | Şırnak | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 59 | Tekirdağ | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 60 | Tokat | 7 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 61 | Trabzon | 11 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 62 | Tunceli | 6 | 2 | | | | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 64 | Uşak | | | | | | | | | | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 65 | Van | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 77 | Yalova | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 66 | Yozgat | 7 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 67 | Zonguldak | | 4 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| # | Total | 436 | 333 | 335 | 348 | 444 | 470 | 492 | 503 | 477 | 537 | 602 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 400 | 450 | 450 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 600 | 600 |

### Seats allocation

Parliamentary seats are allocated according to the d’Hondt method in a party-list proportional representation system. Political parties first need to pass an electoral threshold of 7%. Parties can by-pass this rule by forming an electoral alliance or participate as independents. The electoral threshold was introduced by the military regime after the 1980 coup d'état, in a bid to maintain political stability.
From 1946 onwards, all elections were direct elections. In the elections held between 1946 and 1957, a party block voting system was applied. Under this system, the party that obtained a plurality of votes in a constituency would get all the deputies in that constituency. The system resulted in a landslide victories. For example, the Democrat Party received 58% of the votes in the 1954 election, but won 93% of the seats in the parliament.
Proportional representation was used for the first time after the adoption of the Constitution of 1961. For the elections of 1961, a party-list proportional representation with the D'Hondt method in 67 constituencies was used. In order to receive seats in a constituency, parties needed to receive more votes in that constituency that the Hare quota. It was also the first time that the number of deputies was fixed and determined as 450 seats.
In the 1965 election, the national remnant system was used. In the elections held in 1969, 1973 and 1977, the d'Hondt electoral system was applied without a threshold. A nationwide electoral threshold of 10% and a constituency electoral threshold was introduced following the changes to the law in 1983. In addition to that, a quota system was also used in the 1987 and 1991 elections. From 1995 onwards, only a nationwide electoral threshold is used.

## Campaigning

The Law on Basic Provisions regulates the campaign and aims to ensure fair and equitable opportunities for contestants. Turkish campaigns are typically energetic as contestants use a variety of traditional campaigning means such as rallies, campaign stands, posters, banners, party flags, canvassing and vehicles with loudspeakers. Languages other than Turkish as well as sign language are used in the campaigns. According to Turkish Law, it is forbidden to make election propaganda in a foreign country. This law can be circumvented to a certain degree by organizing "informative seminars" instead of "propaganda meetings".
Political parties that received at least three per cent of votes in the last parliamentary elections are entitled to annual public funding on a proportional basis, as well as campaign funding but only for parliamentary elections. Parties also receive funding through membership fees and individual donations. Donations from public legal entities, state and public organizations and foreign sources are not allowed. An individual may donate up to a certain amount annually to a party. There is no ceiling for annual party and campaign-related expenditure. Parties declare their campaign funds solely through annual financial reports. The Constitutional Court audits the reports. Independent candidates declare their campaign funds through personal tax declarations. Possible sanctions for breaches include warnings, imprisonment from three months to three years, monetary fines and dissolution of the party.

## Summary of past elections

The list below shows the election results of the multi-party period in Turkey since 1946.
| Election | First party | Second party | Third party | Other parties entering the parliament | Cabinets formed |
| 1946 | Republican People's Party (İsmet İnönü) ? 395 MPs | Democrat Party (Celal Bayar) ? 66 MPs | National Development Party | Independent 4 MPs | Peker, I. Saka, II. Saka, Günaltay |
| 1950 | Democrat Party (Celal Bayar) 52,67% 415 MPs | Republican People's Party (İsmet İnönü) 39,45% 69 MPs | Nation Party (Yusuf Hikmet Bayur) 3,11% 1 MPs | Independent 4,76% 2 MPs | I. Menderes, II. Menderes |
| 1954 | Democrat Party (Adnan Menderes) 57,61% 502 MPs | Republican People's Party (İsmet İnönü) 35,35% 31 MPs | Republican Nation Party (Osman Bölükbaşı) 4,85% 5 MPs | Independent 1,53% 3 MPs | III. Menderes, IV. Menderes |
| 1957 | Democrat Party (Adnan Menderes) 47,87% 424 MPs | Republican People's Party (İsmet İnönü) 41,09% 178 MPs | Republican Nation Party (Osman Bölükbaşı) 7,13% 4 MPs | Liberty Party 3,83% 4 MPs | V. Menderes |
| 1961 | Republican People's Party (İsmet İnönü) 36,72% 173 MPs | Justice Party (Ragıp Gümüşpala) 34,78% 158 MPs | Republican Villagers Nation Party (Osman Bölükbaşı) 13,95% 54 MPs | New Turkey Party 13,72% 65 MPs | VIII. İnönü, IX. İnönü, X. İnönü, Ürgüplü |
| 1965 | Justice Party (Süleyman Demirel) 52,87% 240 MPs | Republican People's Party (İsmet İnönü) 28,75% 134 MPs | Nation Party (Osman Bölükbaşı) 6,26% 31 MPs | New Turkey Party (19 MPs) Workers' Party of Turkey (14 MPs) Republican Villagers Nation Party (11 MPs) Independent (1 MPs) | I. Demirel |
| 1969 | Justice Party (Süleyman Demirel) 46,53% 256 MPs | Republican People's Party (İsmet İnönü) 27,36% 143 MPs | Republican Reliance Party (Turhan Feyzioğlu) 6,57% 15 MPs | Independent (13 MPs) Birlik Partisi (8 MPs) Nation Party (6 MPs) New Turkey Party (6 MPs) Workers' Party of Turkey (2 MPs) Nationalist Movement Party (1 MPs) | II. Demirel, III. Demirel, I. Erim, II. Erim, Melen, Talu |
| 1973 | Republican People's Party (Bülent Ecevit) 33,29% 185 MPs | Justice Party (Süleyman Demirel) 29,82% 149 MPs | Democratic Party (Ferruh Bozbeyli) 11,89% 45 MPs | National Salvation Party (48 MPs) Republican Reliance Party (13 MPs) Independent (6 MPs) Nationalist Movement Party (3 MPs) Unity Party (1 MPs) | I. Ecevit, Irmak, IV. Demirel |
| 1977 | Republican People's Party (Bülent Ecevit) 41,38% 213 MPs | Justice Party (Süleyman Demirel) 36,87% 189 MPs | National Salvation Party (Necmettin Erbakan) 8,56% 24 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party (16 MPs) Independent (4 MPs) Republican Reliance Party (3 MPs) Democratic Party (1 MPs) | II. Ecevit, V. Demirel, III. Ecevit, VI. Demirel, Ulusu |
| 1983 | Motherland Party (Turgut Özal) 45,14% 211 MPs | Populist Party (Necdet Calp) 30,46% 117 MPs | Nationalist Democracy Party (Turgut Sunalp) 23,26% 71 MPs | − | I. Özal |
| 1987 | Motherland Party (Turgut Özal) 36,31% 292 MPs | Social Democratic Populist Party (Erdal İnönü) 24,74% 99 MPs | True Path Party (Süleyman Demirel) 19,13% 59 MPs | − | II. Özal, Akbulut, I. Yılmaz |
| 1991 | True Path Party (Süleyman Demirel) 27,03% 178 MPs | Motherland Party (Mesut Yılmaz) 24,01% 115 MPs | Social Democratic Populist Party (Erdal İnönü) 20,75% 88 MPs | Welfare Party (62 MPs) Democratic Left Party (7 MPs) | VII. Demirel, I. Çiller, II. Çiller, III. Çiller, II. Yılmaz |
| 1995 | Welfare Party (Necmettin Erbakan) 21,38% 158 MPs | Motherland Party (Mesut Yılmaz) 19,65% 132 MPs | True Path Party (Tansu Çiller) 19,18% 135 MPs | Democratic Left Party (76 MPs) Republican People's Party (49 MPs) | Erbakan, III. Yılmaz, IV. Ecevit |
| 1999 | Democratic Left Party (Bülent Ecevit) 22,19% 136 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party (Devlet Bahçeli) 17,98% 129 MPs | Virtue Party (Recai Kutan) 15,41% 111 MPs | Motherland Party (86 MPs) True Path Party (85 MPs) Independent (3 MPs) | V. Ecevit |
| 2002 | Justice and Development Party (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) 34,28% 363 MPs | Republican People's Party (Deniz Baykal) 19,41% 178 MPs | True Path Party (Tansu Çiller) 9,54% 0 MPs | Independent 1,00% 9 MPs | Gül, I. Erdoğan |
| 2007 | Justice and Development Party (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) 46,66% 341 MPs | Republican People's Party (Deniz Baykal) 20,85% 112 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party (Devlet Bahçeli) 14,29% 71 MPs | Independent 5,24% 26 MPs | II. Erdoğan |
| 2011 | Justice and Development Party (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) 49,83% 327 MPs | Republican People's Party (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) 25,98% 135 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party (Devlet Bahçeli) 13,01% 53 MPs | Independent 6,57% 35 MPs | III. Erdoğan, I. Davutoğlu |
| 2015 June | Justice and Development Party (Ahmet Davutoğlu) 40,87% 258 MPs | Republican People's Party (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) 24,95% 132 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party (Devlet Bahçeli) 16,29% 80 MPs | Peoples' Democratic Party 13,12% 80 MPs | II. Davutoğlu |
| 2015 November | Justice and Development Party (Ahmet Davutoğlu) 49,49% 317 MPs | Republican People's Party (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) 25,31% 134 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party (Devlet Bahçeli) 11,90% 40 MPs | Peoples' Democratic Party 10,76% 59 MPs | III. Davutoğlu, Yıldırım |
| 2018 | Justice and Development Party (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) 42,49% 295 MPs | Republican People's Party (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) 22,65% 146 MPs | Peoples' Democratic Party (Sezai Temelli ve Pervin Buldan) 11,70% 67 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party 11,10% (49 MPs) İYİ Parti 9,96% (43 MPs) | IV. Erdoğan |
| 2023 | Justice and Development Party (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) 35,62% 268 MPs | Republican People's Party (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) 25,35% 169 MPs | Nationalist Movement Party (Devlet Bahçeli) 10,07% 50 MPs | Good Party 9,69% (43 MPs) Green Left Party 8,82% (61 MPs) New Welfare Party 2,80% (5 MPs) Workers' Party of Turkey 1,76% (4 MPs) | V. Erdoğan |

## By-elections

By-elections in Turkey are regulated in accordance with Article 7 of the Law on Parliamentary Elections. Accordingly, by-elections are held in case of a vacancy in the membership of the Parliament. According to the constitution, by-elections are held once in each election period, and by-elections cannot be held unless 30 months have passed and 1 year before the parliamentary elections. However, if a province or constituency does not have any members in the Parliament, by-elections are held in that constituency on the first Sunday after 90 days following the vacancy.