OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Otate

The 1578 siege of Otate (御館の乱, Otate no ran) took place following the sudden death of Uesugi Kenshin. Kenshin had requested that the inheritance be split between his nephew, Uesugi Kagekatsu, and his adopted son Uesugi Kagetora. This conflict happened because of neither heirs being born with the Uesugi name. Kagekatsu was the biological son of Nagao Masakage and Kagetora was biological son of Hojo Ujiyasu.
Before the situation could escalate into an armed conflict, Takeda Katsuyori acted as the mediator between those two. Therefore, eventually the Uesugi was divided for a military conflict. The Takeda supported Kagekatsu and the Hojo supported Kagetora.
Thus, on April 23, 1578— the 17th day of the 3rd month of Tensho 6 on the Japanese lunar calendar— Uesugi Kagekatsu led a force from his castle at Kasugayama to besiege Otate castle . Kagetora tried to return to Odawara but committed seppuku in Samegao Castle, and Kagekatsu claimed the full inheritance.

## Uesugi retainers who supported Kagekatsu

* Honjo Shigenaga
* Naoe Kanetsugu
* Jojo Masashige
* Saito Tomonobu
* Yasuda Akimoto
* Yoshie Munenobu
* Ogita Nagashige
* Irobe Nagazane
* Shibata Naganori
* Shibata Shigeie
* Suibara Chikanori
* Takenomata Yoshitsuna

## Uesugi retainers who supported Kagetora

* Uesugi Norimasa
* Aya Gozen
* Seien-in
* Uesugi Kagenobu
* Saiponji Kagenaga
* Saiponji Sadanaga
* Kanamari Chikatsuna
* Kawada Nagachika
* Kaji Hidetsuna
* Momoi Yoshitaka
* Kitajō Takahiro
* Kitajō Hirotaka
* Ayukawa Morinaga
# Battle of Mimaomote

The Battle of Mimaomote (三間表の戦い, Mimaomote no tatakai) was a battle during the Azuchi–Momoyama period (16th century) of Japan. The Battle of Mimaomote was initiated by Chōsokabe commander Kumu Yorinobu with 7,000 men as he advanced into Iyo Province on Shikoku Island.
There Kumu Yorinobu attacked Kōno forces under Doi Kiyonaga, who had crossed the Mimaomote River to engage him. Yorinobu was defeated and killed.
# Siege of Hijiyama

The 1581 siege of Hijiyama (比自山城の戦い, hijiyama-jō no tatakai) was one of the crucial battles in Oda Nobunaga's campaigns to seize Iga province during Japan's Sengoku period. After a lengthy siege, and several successful sallies by the defenders, the castle eventually fell and was destroyed.
Gamō Ujisato, Tsutsui Junkei and Wakisaka Yasuharu commanded Nobunaga's forces, Gamō attacking the castle's neighboring towns near modern-day Ueno, Mie prefecture while Tsutsui approached from the west. The defensive force rose from those villages and gathered at the fortress, some preparing an ambush halfway up the hill. Gamō and Tsutsui launched their assault at night, pressing up the hill and meeting fierce resistance before being pushed back entirely by the ambush. The defenders threw rocks and even trees, and fired muskets from the castle.
Several nights later, the garrison launched a secret attack of their own on the enemy camp at Nagaokayama. Approaching from three directions, they lit torches upon a signal and closed in. Tsutsui's forces were alarmed and confused, and began firing arrows in every direction. Shortly, however, the torches were blown out by a fierce wind, and the battle was plunged into darkness. The garrison's warriors allegedly used passwords to help them determine friend from foe, while their foes killed many of their own in the confusion.
Despite this assault, the fortress was still under siege, badly outnumbered, and running out of food. When Gamō and Tsutsui attacked the fortress once more, they found the weather to be perfect for setting the entire complex ablaze. Wind from the mountains and dry weather combined to fan the flames and spread them across the wooden stockades, destroying the entire fortress, along with the nearby Hachiman Shintō shrine.
# Sicilian pizza

Sicilian pizza (Italian: pizza siciliana) is a style of pizza originating in the Sicily region of Italy. It became a popular dish in western Sicily by the mid-19th century and was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily until the 1860s. It eventually reached North America in a slightly altered form, with thicker crust and a rectangular shape.
Traditional Sicilian pizza is often thick-crusted and rectangular, but can also be round and similar to the Neapolitan pizza. It is often topped with tomatoes, herbs, onions, anchovies, and strong cheese such as caciocavallo and toma. Other versions do not include cheese.
The Sicilian methods of making pizza are linked to local culture and country traditions, so there are differences in preparing pizza among the provinces of Palermo, Syracuse, and Messina, and the Metropolitan City of Catania.

## Variations
### Palermo

Sfincione (or sfinciuni in Sicilian language) is a very common variety of pizza that originated in the province of Palermo. Unlike Neapolitan pizza, it is typically rectangular, with more dough, sauce, and cheese. An authentic recipe often calls for herbs, onion, tomato sauce, strong cheese, and anchovies. The sauce is sometimes placed on top of the toppings to prevent it from soaking into the thick dough.

### Syracuse

In the province of Syracuse, especially in Solarino and Sortino, pizzòlu is a type of round stuffed pizza.

### Catania

In the Metropolitan City of Catania, the traditional scacciata is made in two different ways: a first layer made of dough covered, within the city, by a local cheese (toma) and anchovies or, in the region around Catania, by potatoes, sausages, broccoli, and tomato sauce. In both cases a second layer of dough brushed with eggs covers everything. Also in the region of Catania, in Zafferana Etnea and in Viagrande a typical Sicilian pizza is a fried calzone stuffed with cheese and anchovies.

### Messina

In the province of Messina, the traditional piduni is a type of calzone stuffed with endive, toma cheese, tomato, and anchovies. There is also the focaccia alla messinese, prepared with tomato sauce, toma cheese, vegetables, and anchovies.

## United States

In the United States, "Sicilian pizza" is used to describe a typically square variety of cheese pizza with dough over an inch thick, a crunchy base, and an airy interior. It is derived from the sfincione and was introduced in the United States by the first Italian (Sicilian) immigrants. Sicilian-style pizza is popular in Italian-American enclaves throughout the northeastern United States, including Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Michigan (which would influence Detroit-style pizza). In some parts of coastal Massachusetts and New Hampshire, it is also known as "beach pizza" because of its prevalence along the Route 1A corridor. A similar dish, perhaps often overlapping or confused with sfincione, is tomato pie.
# Leonardo3 Museum

Leonardo3 is an interactive museum and exhibition center at Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Piazza della Scala, Milano, Italy. The museum was inaugurated in 2013, and is devoted to Italy’s notable personality Leonardo da Vinci, who is portrayed both as an artist and inventor.

## Description

The Leonardo3 museum has physical models and machines based on daVinci's designs and a digital version of the Codex Atlanticus, which contains the notes and sketches of the inventor. The museum has the provision to explore independently or with many hands-on displays, touch screens, or with the help of audio guides in English, French, Chinese, Italian, Russian, German, and Spanish and can interact with more than 200 digital reconstructions.
The museum has received an Award of excellence from the President of the Italian Republic.

## Exhibits

The museum exhibits working models of da Vinci’s machine and his musical instruments like Rapid-fire Crossbow, Mechanical Eagle, Mechanical Submarine, Mechanical Dragonfly, Great Kite, Rapid Fire Crossbow, Musical Cannon, Time Machine, Harpsichord Viola, the Areial Screw with spring engine, Giant Trumpet, Mechanical Lion and many others.
The digitally restored The Last Supper painting, one of the famous works of Leonardo, provides information about the science and story behind it.
# KAD Movies

KAD Movies is a premium Telugu films production and distribution company, it is the first to go ahead and release Telugu films in African countries.
It has distributed more than 50 Telugu films worldwide and released about 500 films on DVD making it the largest reaching Telugu DVD label.
KAD Entertainment had acquired brands such as SPV and Idream to expand its reach on DVD.

## Distributor - filmography

* Maska (2009) ... Distributor (2009) (worldwide)
* Parugu (2008) ... Distributor (2008) (theatrical)
* Don (2007 film) (2007) ... Distributor (2007) (USA)
* Chandamama (2007) ... Distributor (2007) (DVD)
* Classmates (2007 film) (2007) ... Distributor (2007) (USA) (theatrical)
* Sainikudu (2006) ... Distributor (2006) (USA) (theatrical)
* Stalin (2006 film) (2006) ... Distributor (2006) (USA) (theatrical)
* Ashok (film) (2006) ... Distributor (2006) (USA) (DVD), Distributor (2006) (USA) (theatrical)
* Godavari (film) (2006) ... Distributor (2006) (USA) (DVD)
* Pournami (2006) ... Distributor (2006) (USA) (DVD), Distributor (2006) (USA) (theatrical)
* Devadasu (2006) ... Distributor (2006) (USA) (DVD)
* Jai Chiranjeeva (2005) ... Distributor (2005) (USA) (theatrical), Distributor (2006) (USA) (DVD)
* Vennela (2005) ... Distributor (2006) (worldwide) (DVD)
* Andhrudu (2005) ... Distributor (2005) (USA) (DVD)
* Super (2005 film) (2005) ... Distributor (2005) (USA) (DVD)
* Subash Chandra Bose (film) (2005) ... Distributor (2005) (USA) (DVD)
* Chakram (2005) ... Distributor (2005) (USA) (DVD)
* Mass (film) (2004) ... Distributor (2004) (USA) (DVD)
* Anand (2004 film) (2004) ... Distributor (2005) (USA) (DVD)
* Ela Cheppanu (2003) ... Distributor (2003) (worldwide) (DVD) (except India)
* Aadi (2002) ... Distributor (2002) (USA) (DVD)
* Kalusukovalani (2002) ... Distributor (2002) (USA) (DVD)
* Gitanjali (1989) ... Distributor (1989) (worldwide) (DVD) (Non-India)
* Tagore (film)(2003) ... DVD, Audio Release (USA release)
* Velugu Needalu (1961) ... VCD Release
* Kalasi Vunte Kaladu Sukham (1961) ...
* Johnny
* Gudumba Shankar
* Nuvve Nuvve
* Nuvvu Naaku Nachav
* Adavi Ramudu
* Chatrapathi (film)
* Jai Chiranjeeva
* Sri Manjunatha

## Production company - filmography

* Stalin (2006) ... Production Company
# Peter Christopher Caldwell

Peter Christopher Caldwell, FRS, (25 January 1927 – 1 June 1979) was a professor of Zoology at the University of Bristol.

## Early life and education

He was born in Appleton, Cheshire, and schooled at the Benedictine Ampleforth College. He studied Natural Science at Trinity College, Oxford for which he received a scholarship.

## Research

Following his undergraduate studies, Peter Caldwell worked with Professor Cyril Hinshelwood, completing his PhD on the influences on the growth rate of bacteria, which led to important ideas about the ways in which cells synthesized proteins. The key new idea was that a coded sequence of nucleic acids specified the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
In 1950 he moved to University College London to work with the Nobel prize winning Archibald Hill, where he developed new methods for measuring pH.
In 1955 he joined the Marine Biological Association's Laboratory in Plymouth, working with squid nerves and crab muscles to study the energy sources for the complex processes involved in the neuronal communication and muscle contraction.
IN 1960 he moved to the University of Bristol Department of Zoology as a lecturer, then reader (1966), then "personal chair" (Professor; 1978). While there, his work included the introduction of EGTA as a tool to study the regulation of Ca$^{2+}$ inside cells, using it to make the first accurate measurements of the very low free Ca$^{2+}$ concentration in muscle.

## Personal life

He married Phoebe-Ann Hill, the daughter of Air Chief Marshal Sir Roderic Hill, who was Rector of Imperial College London, subsequent having five children. He was an excellent pianist and music theorist.

## Influence

In addition to his direct scientific contributions, his PhD students have gone on to be influential scientists in medical research, including Professors Alison Brading and Clive Ellory (Oxford).
# Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Trinity-Lykov)

Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Trinity-Lykov (Russian: Храм Успения Пресвятой Богородицы в Троице-Лыкове) is an Orthodox church of the Assumption deanery of the Urban Diocese of Moscow. It was built in the 1840s–1850s in the village of Troitsa-Lykovo near Moscow (now part of Moscow). The main throne is consecrated in honor of the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, lateral chapels - in honor of the Great Martyr Catherine and Nicholas the Wonderworker. The temple is a courtyard of the Intercession Monastery. It has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional importance.

## History

The initiator of the construction of a new stone Church in the Trinity-Lykov was Nikolai Alexandrovich Buturlin, the son of the former owner of the village, Catherine Pavlovna Buturlina. In 1843, he submitted a petition to the Metropolitan of Moscow Filaret (Drozdov).
Original drawings of the temple have not survived, but it is known that the estimate for the construction of the temple was signed by Moscow architect Nikolai Ilyich Kozlovsky. The construction of the temple took longer than originally expected. The Northern chapel of the great Martyr Catherine was consecrated in 1851, the southern chapel of St. Nicholas on January 15, 1856. The chapels of the temple were consecrated in honor of the heavenly patrons Buturlin. It is known that at the time of the inventory of property in 1858, the main assumption throne was not yet consecrated.
In October 1989, the Church was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, after which its restoration began. On March 31, 1990, it was again consecrated by the small priest. On October 30, 2011, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia made the great consecration of the Church. In 2013, the Church is a metochion of the Pokrovsky Stavropigialny women's monastery of the intercession Outpost.
# Siege of Cambrai (1339)

The siege of Cambrai was undertaken by an English army led by King Edward III of England during September and October 1339 in the early stage of the Hundred Years War. At the time Cambrai, located in the Nord department of the Hauts-de-France region in France, was not part of France but a Free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1339, Cambrai became the centre of a struggle between supporters of the Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and William II, Count of Hainaut, on the one hand, and those of king Philip VI of France on the other. Among Philip VI's allies were counts John I of Bohemia, Philip III of Navarre, Aymon, Count of Savoy, Humbert II of Viennois and vassals of King Alfonso XI of Castile and León. Cambrai had allowed the French to garrison the city with 300 men-at-arms.
Meanwhile, Edward III left Flanders in August 1339, where he had been on the continent since July 1338. Edward had asserted his rights to the throne of France, openly defying the authority of Philip VI. Wanting to satisfy his Bavarian allies, he decided to seize Cambrai. Edward asked the bishop of Cambrai, Guillaume d'Auxonne, a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire, to let him in, however the bishop also had instructions from Philip VI informing him to hold on for a few days until he arrived with a French army. Guillaume proclaimed his allegiance to France and prepared to resist a siege.
The defence of Cambrai was provided by the governor Étienne de la Baume, grand master of the crossbowmen of France. The French garrison had artillery comprising 10 guns, five of iron and five of other metals. This is one of the earliest references to the use of cannon in siege warfare.
Edward launched several attacks from 26 September, with Cambrai resisting every assault for five weeks.
When Edward learned on the 6 October that Philip was approaching with a large army, he abandoned the siege on 8 October. He retreated across Picardy, devastating the plains of Cambresis along the way. A strong English garrison was left in the castle of Thun-l'Eveque. Edward then proceeded to Saint-Quentin. On 23 October, the armies of England and France faced each other across the plain between La Capelle and Buironfosse. They separated without engaging in battle.
# Hepton Rural District

Hepton was a rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, from 1894 to 1974.
The district included four civil parishes:
* Heptonstall,
* Blackshaw
* Erringden
* Wadsworth
It was created in 1894 as the Todmorden rural district. It was renamed in the 1930s and survived until 1974, when, under the Local Government Act 1972 it was abolished and became part of the Calderdale metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire.
# Czechoslovak Women's Union

Czechoslovak Women's Union (CWU) or (Czech: Československý svaz žen (ČSŽ) was a state women's organization in Communist Czechoslovakia, founded in 1950.
It was a state organization and a branch of the Communist Party, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
After the Communist take over, the existing women's organizations, until then under the umbrella organization Women's National Council, was dissolved and incorporated in to the state women's union.
Its purpose was to mobilise women in the political ideology of the state, as well as to enforce the party's policy within gender roles and women's rights. It played an important role in the life of women in the state during its existence.
# 1999 Boston Marathon

The 1999 Boston Marathon was the 103rd running of the annual marathon race in Boston, United States, which was held on April 19. The elite men's race was won by Kenya's Joseph Chebet in a time of 2:09:52 hours and the women's race was won by Ethiopia's Fatuma Roba in 2:23:25.

## Results
### Men

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Joseph Chebet | Kenya | 2:09:52 |
| | Silvio Guerra | Ecuador | 2:10:18 |
| | Frank Pooe | South Africa | 2:11:37 |
| 4 | Abner Chipu | South Africa | 2:12:46 |
| 5 | John Kagwe | Kenya | 2:13:57 |
| 6 | Peter Githuka | Kenya | 2:14:03 |
| 7 | Andrey Kuznetsov | Russia | 2:14:19 |
| 8 | José Luis Molina | Costa Rica | 2:14:26 |
| 9 | Rubén Maza | Venezuela | 2:14:40 |
| 10 | Julius Ondieki | Kenya | 2:15:27 |
| 11 | Masaki Oya | Japan | 2:15:45 |
| 12 | Joshua Kipkemboi | Kenya | 2:15:56 |
| 13 | Joseph LeMay | United States | 2:16:11 |
| 14 | Franklin Tenorio | Ecuador | 2:16:32 |
| 15 | Luke Kibet Chebii | Kenya | 2:17:50 |

### Women

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Fatuma Roba | Ethiopia | 2:23:25 |
| | Franziska Rochat-Moser | Switzerland | 2:25:51 |
| | Yuko Arimori | Japan | 2:26:39 |
| 4 | Colleen De Reuck | South Africa | 2:27:54 |
| 5 | Martha Tenorio | Ecuador | 2:27:58 |
| 6 | Catherine Ndereba | Kenya | 2:28:27 |
| 7 | Lyudmila Petrova | Russia | 2:29:13 |
| 8 | Mitsuko Hirose | Japan | 2:30:34 |
| 9 | Renata Paradowska | Poland | 2:31:41 |
| 10 | Anuța Cătună | Romania | 2:33:49 |
| 11 | Sun Yingjie | China | 2:37:11 |
| 12 | Lynn Jennings | United States | 2:38:37 |
| 13 | Julia Kirtland | United States | 2:39:45 |
| 14 | Josette Colomb | France | 2:40:36 |
| 15 | Danuta Bartoszek | Canada | 2:43:18 |
# 2020 Sahrawi legislative election

Legislative elections were held in the Sahrawi Republic on 8–9 March 2020 to elect 52 of the 53 members of the Sahrawi National Council, the unicameral parliament of the SADR. More than 100,000 Sahrawis were registered to vote, with 145 candidates contesting the elections.

## Election system

Legislative elections in the Sahrawi Republic are organised mainly using a single non-transferable vote, as Sahrawis get one vote by checking a box next to the face of the candidate in the ballot. Members are elected for a three-year term by direct universal suffrage.
35 seats are elected in constituencies based on the wilayas (or regions) that the Sahrawi refugee camps are divided in, while seven seats are elected in constituencies based on the seven military regions that the Sahrawi liberated territories are divided and another 3 are elected representing soldiers of the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army (EPLS) at large.
Three members are elected in representation of three branches of the Polisario Front: one representing the National Union of Sahrawi Women (UNMS), one representing the Sahrawi Youth Union (UJSARIO) and one representing the Sahrawi Trade Union (UGTSARIO). The final 5 seats are elected by members of the Consultative Council, a consultative body to the President of the SADR.

## Results

53 :
| Party | Party | Seats | +/– |
| | Polisario Front | 53 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 53 | 0 |

## Aftermath

Hamma Salama, a member of POLISARIO's national secretariat, was elected President of the Sahrawi National Council on 17 March 2020 during the constitutive session of the National Council. Salama won the vote against the Minister of Transport and Energy Salek Baba Hasana.
# Villa Luisa

Villa Luisa is a historic villa located in Ivrea, Italy.

## History

Construction works for the villa were commissioned by Gaspare Borgetti, a well-known and esteemed doctor and were completed between 1864 and 1866 after beginning in the early 1860s. Upon the death of Gaspare Borgetti, the property was inherited by his son Giuseppe, who pursued a military career and became Major General in 1893. It is highly likely that the villa was named after his wife, Luisa Cotta Ramusino. Later on, the property was purchased in 1974 by the Industrial Association of Canavese, and after the completion of some renovation works, it became its headquarters in 1977.
In 2020, the façades of building were subject to some renovation works.

## Description

The villa is located on Corso Costantino Nigra, opposite Palazzo Ravera, with its northern side rising on a cliff above the Dora Baltea, between the Ponte Vecchio and the Ponte Nuovo. The property borders to the south the garden of Villa Ravera and to the west the church of San Grato Vescovo. The villa has two entrances: a main one on Corso Costantino Nigra, preceded by a tree-lined garden, and a secondary one on Vicolo Giordano, accessible from the nearby Borghetto.
# 1952 Stanford Indians football team

The 1952 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1952 college football season. The team was led by head coach Chuck Taylor in his second year and played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.
After winning the conference and making it to the Rose Bowl in the previous season, the team was ranked #13 in preseason polls. After winning their first four games, the team lost five of the last six games, including a 26–0 Big Game shutout—its worst loss to rival California in more than half a century—to finish well out of the conference championship.
Running back Bob Mathias, who had won his second gold medal in the decathlon earlier in the summer at the 1952 Summer Olympics, was Stanford's only 1953 NFL draft selection.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 20 | Santa Clara* | No. 13 | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | W 28–13 | 27,500 |
| September 27 | at No. 15 Washington State | No. 13 | Rogers FieldPullman, WA | W 14–13 | 25,000 |
| October 4 | Michigan* | | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | W 14–7 | 25,000 |
| October 11 | Oregon State | | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | W 41–28 | 28,000 |
| October 18 | at No. 10 UCLA | No. 13 | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 14–24 | 80,617 |
| October 25 | Washington | | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 14–27 | 25,000 |
| November 1 | San Jose State* | | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (rivalry) | W 35–13 | |
| November 8 | No. 6 USC | | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA (rivalry) | L 7–54 | 55,000 |
| November 15 | Oregon | | Stanford StadiumStanford, CA | L 20–21 | 6,100 |
| November 22 | at California | | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA (Big Game) | L 0–26 | |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||

## Players drafted by the NFL

| Player | Position | Round | Pick | NFL club |
| Bob Mathias | Back | 30 | 352 | Washington Redskins |