# Thiago Pereira

Thiago Machado Vilela Pereira (born 26 January 1986) is a retired Brazilian international competition swimmer. One of the greatest swimmers in the history of Brazil, Pereira won the silver medal in the 400-meter individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, beating the then-current Olympic champion Michael Phelps. He also broke a world record in the short course 200-meter individual medley, and broke several South American and Brazilian records. During his career, he competed with swimming legends Michael Phelps and Ryan Lochte.
Pereira is a resident of Belo Horizonte, and became known as Ricardo Prado's successor in his native country after winning the silver medal in the 200-meter individual medley at the Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in 2003. In 2004, he won the world title in the same event at the 2004 FINA Short Course World Championships. After that, Pereira won six gold medals at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, breaking the record of five gold medals won in one Pan American Games, previously held by Mark Spitz. Pereira broke the short course 200-meter individual medley world record later that same year. He represented Brazil at three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2004.
As of July 2015, Pereira is the Brazilian athlete with most gold medals won in Pan American Games: 15 earned in four Pan American Games. In 2015, Pereira became the athlete with the most medals in the history of Pan American Games, surpassing the Cuban gymnast Eric López, who won 22 medals between 1991 and 2003. Pereira finished Toronto with 23 total medals.

## Early years, clubs and personal life

Pereira started swimming at age two when his mother enrolled him in swimming school after he fell into a pool and nearly drowned. At 12, he won his first medal, a bronze in a competition in Volta Redonda, Brazil. At the same age, he won a federated championship in a competition in Valença, defending the CSN club. After several more competition wins between the ages of 13 and 16, Pereira received a proposal to join Belo Horizonte's Minas Tênis Clube in 2001, under the command of coach Fernando Vanzela. From there, Pereira became ranked among the top swimmers in Brazil and the world.
Pereira trained in the United States in 2005, moving shortly after the 2004 Summer Olympics. He moved to Coral Springs, Florida, but could not adapt to the local environment, methods and customs, and returned to Belo Horizonte. In 2009, after Pereira and Vanzela analyzed his options, Pereira moved to Auburn, California and trained at University of Southern California under coach Dave Salo. He remained with USC's Trojan Swim Club for two years.
In April 2010, Pereira joined the swimming team of São Paulo's Sport Club Corinthians Paulista. In August 2011, he accepted a proposal to integrate into César Cielo's project PRO 16, under the command of Brazil's national swimming team coach Albertinho Silva. In December that year, he announced that would stay in Brazil full-time, living in São Paulo to train with Silva. In 2013, he left Corinthians Paulista and PRO 16, and shortly afterwards he joined the SESI-SP club.
In early 2013, Pereira married lawyer Gabi Pauletti.
In April 2015, Pereira returned to Minas Tênis Clube, his first professional club.

## International career
### 2002–04

At the age of 16, Pereira competed at the 2002 South American Games in Belém, where he won a gold medal in the 200-meter breaststroke.
Pereira competed at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, where he finished 18th in the 200-meter individual medley, 24th in the 400-meter individual medley, and 25th in the 200-meter breaststroke. In the 200-meter individual medley, he broke the South American record for the first time, with a time of 2:02.67.
At the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Pereira won the silver medal in the 200-meter individual medley, and a bronze medal in the 400-meter individual medley. In the 200-meter individual medley, he broke the South American record with a time of 2:02.31.
In September 2003, he broke Marcelo Tomazini's South American record in the 200-meter breaststroke with a time of 2:15.63.
In December 2003, Pereira won the 400-meter individual medley event—the third event of the 2003–2004 FINA Swimming World Cup in Durban, South Africa—beating the short course South American record of Colombian Alejandro Bermudez that had stood since 1998 (4:16.74), with a time of 4:10.93.
In February 2004, in the last event of the 2003–2004 FINA Swimming World Cup, in Rio de Janeiro, he broke his own 55.41 second South American 100-meter individual medley record with a time of 54.95 seconds, and also broke the 200-meter individual medley record with a time of 1:58.16.
In March 2004, in the 37th South American Swimming Championships in Maldonado, Pereira won the gold medal in the 200-meter individual medley, beating the South American record with a time of 2:00.19 and earning an "A" designation in Brazil's Olympic classification. He also broke the South American record two more times, with times of 1:59.92 and 1:59.48, before competing in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, becoming second in the world rankings.
In May 2004, Pereira broke Ricardo Prado's long-course South American record in the 400-meter individual medley, made at the 1984 Summer Olympics, which had been 4:18.45. Pereira swam for 4:17.62 and again obtained Brazil's Olympic classification.

### 2004 Summer Olympics

For the first time, Thiago was ranked high enough among Brazilian athletes to compete in the 2004 Summer Olympics, where he finished fifth in the 200-meter individual medley and 17th in the 400-meter individual medley. In the 400-meter individual medley, his first Olympic event, Thiago was so anxious that he felt nauseous. His time was 4:22.06, almost five seconds slower than his South American record. He left the pool, gasping and unable speak, and subsequently vomited in the locker room. He did not reach the final, and later said, "I feel very bad". In the 200-meter individual medley, he swam close to his best time but did not beat it. The race pace was strong: Thiago would have had to break his personal best by about 0.7 seconds to win the bronze medal.

### 2004–08

In September 2004, at the José Finkel Trophy, he broke the short-course South American record in the 100-meter individual medley, with a time of 53.72 seconds, and the 400-meter individual medley record with a time of 4:09.10.
At the 2004 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Indianapolis, Pereira won the gold medal in the 200-meter individual medley with a time of 1:55.78, defeating Ryan Lochte and breaking the South American record. In the 4×100-meter freestyle, he won a silver medal and he also won two bronze medals in the 100-meter individual medley and 4×200-meter freestyle, beating the South American record with a time of 7:06.64.
In May 2005, Pereira dislocated the kneecap while playing soccer; his recovery took two months and did not participate in the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal.
At the 2005–2006 FINA Swimming World Cup in February 2006, Pereira broke the short-course South American record in the 100-meter individual medley with a time of 53.49 seconds.
At the 2006 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Shanghai, Pereira finished 5th in the 4×200-meter freestyle with teammates César Cielo, Lucas Salatta and Rodrigo Castro, beating the South American record with a time of 7:06.09. He also finished 15th in the 200-meter individual medley and 17th in the 200-meter freestyle.
At the 2006 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Victoria, British Columbia, Pereira won a bronze medal in the 400-meter individual medley. In heats, he broke his own South American record with a time of 4:16.86. He also finished 21st in the 200-meter freestyle and qualified for the 200-meter individual medley final in 8th place, but did not swim in the final.
In September 2006, at the Brazil Trophy, he broke his South American record in the 200-meter breaststroke with a time of 2:14.64.
In December 2006 at the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, he beat his South American record by more than two seconds in the 400-meter individual medley with a time of 4:14.67.
At the 2007 World Aquatics Championships in Melbourne, Pereira finished 4th in the 200-meter individual medley, 8th in the 4×100-meter freestyle, 9th in the 4×100-meter medley, 11th in the 4×200-meter freestyle, 12th in the 100-meter backstroke, and was disqualified at the 400-meter individual medley. He broke the South American record in the 4×100-meter freestyle along with César Cielo, Nicolas Oliveira and Rodrigo Castro, with a time of 3:17.03. and in the 4×200-meter freestyle, with a time of 7:20.00, along with Rodrigo Castro, Nicolas Oliveira and Armando Negreiros.
Pereira broke the South American record in the 200-meter individual medley three in three months with times of 1:59.19 in February, 1:58.65 in March (Melbourne heats) and 1:58.64 in May.
In May 2007, he broke two South American records in long course: the 400-meter individual medley record with a time of 4:11.91 and the 200-meter breaststroke record with a time of 2:12.67, in both getting the Olympic index.
At the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Pereira won eight medals (six gold, one silver and one bronze) and became the winner of the most medals in a single edition of the Games, equaling the Costa Rican swimmer Silvia Poll—who won eight medals at 1987 in Indianapolis. Pereira also surpassed the five gold mark that belonged to Mark Spitz in the 1967 Pan Am Games in Winnipeg. Pereira won the gold medal in the 200-meter individual medley, 400-meter individual medley, 200-meter backstroke, 200-meter breaststroke, 4×200-meter freestyle, and 4×100-meter freestyle by participating in heats. He also won the silver medal in the 4×100-meter medley and bronze in the 100-meter backstroke. He broke the South American record in all events in which he competed, except the 200-meter breaststroke: in the 200-meter individual medley with a time of 1:57.79, in the 400-meter individual medley with a time of 4:11.14, in the 200-meter backstroke, with a time of 1:58.42 ; in 100-meter backstroke with a time of 54.75 seconds, in the 4×200-meter freestyle with a time of 7:12.27, and in the 4×100-meter medley with a time of 3:35.81.
At the 2007 FINA Swimming World Cup, Pereira made history. In the Stockholm stage, he broke the short-course South American record in the 100-meter individual medley, with a time of 52.97 seconds (his old record was 53.49 seconds from 2006), 200-meter individual medley, with a time of 1:55.08 (his old record was 1:55.78 from 2004) and the 400-meter individual medley record with a time of 4:06.30 (his old record was 4:09.10 from 2004). A few days later, in Berlin, Pereira broke the Americas record in the 100-meter individual medley in 52.42 seconds. In the 400-meter individual medley, he broke the Americas record and the Championship record, doing 4:00.63; within 26 hundredths of László Cseh's world record (4:00.37). In the 200-meter individual medley, Pereira won a gold medal with a time of 1:53.14, establishing a new World Record that stood until 13 December 2007.

### 2008 Summer Olympics

At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Pereira finished 4th in the 200-meter individual medley, 8th in the 400-meter individual medley, and 19th in the 200-meter breaststroke. In the 400-meter individual medley, he qualified for the final with a time of 4:11.74, almost beating his South American record. But in the final, his time was 4 seconds slower; Pereira said that he felt tired in the change from the butterfly to the backstroke, not achieving the same efficiency as in the heats. After this, Pereira left the 4×200-meter freestyle relay team of Brazil to compete in the 200-meter breaststroke. He broke the South American record with a time of 2:11.40. His best mark in the race was 2:12.60 but his performance was not enough to advance to the semifinals. In the 200-meter individual medley, he had very similar results in the heats, semifinals and finals, all near 1:58—failing to beat his record from the 2007 Pan American Games. Phelps won the gold with a time of 1:54.23, setting a world record. Cseh and Lochte swam at 1:56, winning silver and bronze.

### 2008–12

In March 2009, Pereira broke a bone in his left hand, which made him give up Travessia dos Fortes and compromised his training for that year's World Championships in Rome.
At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome, he finished 4th in the 200-meter individual medley, 4th in the 400-meter individual medley and 10th in the 4×200-meter freestyle. Pereira thrice broke the South American record in the 200-meter individual medley, in the heats (1:57.66), semifinal (1:57.35) and final (1:55.55), only 19 hundredths of a second away from winning a bronze medal and 31 hundredths away from winning a silver medal. In the 400-meter individual medley, Pereira broke his South American record by more than 2 seconds, with a time of 4:08.86, but he was still one second behind the medalists. In the 4×200-meter freestyle, he broke the South American record in the 200-meter freestyle with a time of 1:46.57, at the relay's opening, and the 4×200-meter freestyle record with a time of 7:09.71.
In September 2009, at the Jose Finkel Trophy, he broke the Brazilian record in the 200-meter backstroke with a time of 1:58.36.
At the 2010 South American Games in Medellín, Pereira won three gold medals in the 200-meter individual medley, 400-meter individual medley and 200-meter breaststroke. He also won three silver medals in the 200-meter backstroke, 4×100-meter and 4×200-meter freestyle.
At the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Irvine, Pereira won two bronze medals in the 200-meter individual medley and 400-meter individual medley.
At the 2010 FINA Swimming World Cup, Pereira was crowned by participation the king of the competition, winning a prize of US$100,000. He won, at all stages, the 400-meter individual medley race. He was the first Brazilian to reach the top of the competition, and was the swimmer who won more events in the same season in the history of the circuit During the tournament, he broke the South American record in the 100-meter individual medley with a time of 52.35 seconds, and in the 200-meter individual medley with a time of 1:52.72.
In May 2011, at the Maria Lenk Trophy, he broke the Brazilian record in the 200-meter backstroke with a time of 1:58.07.
At the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, he finished 6th in the 200-meter individual medley, 18th in the 100-meter backstroke, and dropped the 400-meter individual medley.
At the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Pereira won six gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal. With these achievements, Pereira reached 12 gold medals in Pan American Games, becoming the Brazilian with the most gold medals in the history of the Pan American Games, beating Hugo Hoyama. He also became the second Brazilian in total number of medals in Pan American Games, behind Gustavo Borges, who won 19 medals. Pereira won gold in the 200-meter individual medley, 400-meter individual medley, 100-meter backstroke, 200-meter backstroke, and in the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100-meter medley by participating in heats. He also won the silver in the 4×200-meter freestyle, and the bronze in the 200-meter breaststroke. In this competition, he broke the Pan American Games record and the Brazilian record in the 200-meter backstroke with a time of 1:57.19.

### 2012 Summer Olympics

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Pereira won the silver medal in the 400-meter individual medley, defeating Michael Phelps. He also finished 4th in the 200-meter individual medley, and 15th in the 4×100-meter medley. In the 400-meter individual medley, he equaled the South American record obtained with technological suits in 2009 with a time of 4:08.86. With this, he repeated the Ricardo Prado's feat at Los Angeles 1984. In the 200-meter individual medley, although he made his best-ever time without technological suits (1:56.74), Pereira was beaten in the last 25 meters by Hungarian László Cseh. Due to that, there was a repeat of the three medalists at Beijing 2008 in the 200m medley (Phelps, Lochte and Cseh).

### 2012–16

In August 2012, at the Jose Finkel Trophy, he broke the short-course South American record in the 200-meter individual medley, with a time of 1:52.30.
At the 2013 World Aquatics Championships, he won his first medal in World Championships, the bronze medal in the 200-meter individual medley, with a time of 1:56.30, his best time without super-suits. He was one hundredth to win the silver medal. Pereira also swam, for the first time in the World Championships, the 100-meter butterfly event, finishing in 15th place. Pereira had decided to forego the 400-meter individual medley despite being qualified for the race, but decided otherwise and entered the contest. Although he has not trained specifically for this race, he qualified for the final in eighth place, and by a few hundredths not left out. In the final, he won the bronze medal with a time of 4:09.48, his second medal at World Championships.
At the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, Pereira finished 4th in the 4x100-metre medley relay, along with Guilherme Guido, Felipe França and Marcelo Chierighini, 4th in the 200-metre individual medley, 5th in the 100-metre butterfly, and 7th in the 100-metre backstroke.
At the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Pereira won five medals, becoming the biggest medalist in the history of Pan American Games, surpassing the Cuban gymnast Erick Lopez, who has 22 medals between 1991 and 2003. He won a gold medal in the 4×200-metre freestyle relay, where he broke the Pan Am Games record with a time of 7:11.15, along with Luiz Altamir Melo, Nicolas Oliveira and João de Lucca. He also won more two gold medals in Brazilian relays by participating at heats, in the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, and in the 4×100-metre medley relay. He also won a silver medal in the 200 metre individual medley and bronze in the 200 metre breaststroke. In the 400 metre individual medley, Thiago Pereira initially won, which would make it his third consecutive title along with a record 22nd Pan American medal. However, the judges dictated Pereira failed to touch the wall with both hands at the same time on one of his breaststroke turns.
At the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, in the Men's 200 metre individual medley, Pereira made his best participation in the World Championships, winning the silver medal with a time of 1:56.65, near his personal best. He also finished 15th in the Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay, along with João de Lucca, Luiz Altamir Melo and Nicolas Oliveira.

### 2016 Summer Olympics

At the 2016 Summer Olympics in his home country, Pereira made his 4th consecutive final in the 200 individual medley, finishing 7th.

### Retirement from professional swimming

He retired from professional swimming in March 2017, at the age of 31.

## Honors and awards

Perira has received the following awards:
* World Male Swimmer of the Year, by Swimming World Magazine: 2007
* Prêmio Brasil Olímpico: 2007. In 2012 he was elected best swimmer of the year, and competed for the award along with gymnast Arthur Zanetti and boxer Esquiva Falcão; Zanetti was elected the winner. In 2004 he was elected the best swimmer.

## Career best times

Thiago Pereira is the current holder of the following records:
| Race | Time | Date | Record | Pool |
| 200m medley | 1:55.55 | 30 July 2009 | South American | Long Course |
| 400m medley | 4:08.86 | 2 August 2009 | South American | Long Course |
| 4x200 freestyle | 7:09.71 | 31 July 2009 | South American | Long Course |
| 400m medley | 4:00.63 | 17 November 2007 | South American | Short Course |
Thiago Pereira is the former holder of the following records:
| Race | Time | Date | Record | Pool |
| 200m freestyle | 1:46.57 | 31 July 2009 | South American | Long Course |
| 200m breaststroke | 2:11.40 | 12 August 2008 | South American | Long Course |
| 100m backstroke | 54.75 | 22 July 2007 | South American | Long Course |
| 200m backstroke | 1:57.19 | 21 October 2011 | Brazilian | Long Course |
| 200m backstroke | 1:58.42 | 19 July 2007 | South American | Long Course |
| 4 × 100 m freestyle | 3:17.03 | 25 March 2007 | South American | Long Course |
| 4 × 100 m medley | 3:35.81 | 22 July 2007 | South American | Long Course |
| 100m medley | 52.35 | 11 September 2010 | South American | Short Course |
| 200m medley | 1:53.14 | 18 November 2007 | World | Short Course |
| 200m medley | 1:52.30 | 24 August 2012 | South American | Short Course |
| 4 × 200 m freestyle | 7:06.09 | 6 April 2006 | South American | Short Course |

## All records
### Long course (50 meter pool)

* 200m medley
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 2:02.67 | 24 July 2003 | SA |
| 2:02.31 | 17 August 2003 | SA |
| 2:00.19 | 27 March 2004 | SA |
| 1:59.92 | 9 May 2004 | SA |
| 1:59.48 | 12 June 2004 | SA |
| 1:59.19 | 22 February 2007 | SA |
| 1:58.65 | 28 March 2007 | SA |
| 1:58.64 | 6 May 2007 | SA |
| 1:57.79 | 20 July 2007 | SA |
| 1:57.66 | 29 July 2009 | SA |
| 1:57.35 | 29 July 2009 | SA |
| 1:55.55 | 30 July 2009 | SA |
* 400m medley
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 4:17.62 | 6 May 2004 | SA |
| 4:16.86 | 18 August 2006 | SA |
| 4:14.67 | 16 December 2006 | SA |
| 4:11.91 | 3 May 2007 | SA |
| 4:11.14 | 17 July 2007 | SA |
| 4:08.86 | 2 August 2009 | SA |
* 200m breaststroke
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 2:15.63 | 25 September 2003 | SA |
| 2:14.64 | 6 September 2006 | SA |
| 2:12.67 | 3 May 2007 | SA |
| 2:11.40 | 12 August 2008 | SA |
* 200m backstroke
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 1:58.42 | 19 July 2007 | SA |
| 1:58.36 | 4 September 2009 | NR |
| 1:58.07 | 3 May 2011 | NR |
| 1:57.19 | 22 October 2011 | NR |
* 100m backstroke
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 54.75 | 22 July 2007 | SA |
* 200m freestyle
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 1:46.57 (r) | 31 July 2009 | SA |
r = relay lead-off
* 4 × 200 m freestyle
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 7:20.00 | 30 March 2007 | SA |
| 7:12.27 | 17 July 2007 | SA |
| 7:09.71 | 31 July 2009 | SA |
* 4 × 100 m freestyle
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 3:17.03 | 25 March 2007 | SA |
* 4 × 100 m medley
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 3:35.81 | 22 July 2007 | SA |

### Short course (25 meter pool)

* 200m medley
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 1:58.16 | 8 February 2004 | SA |
| 1:55.78 | 9 October 2004 | SA |
| 1:55.08 | 14 November 2007 | SA |
| 1:53.14 | 18 November 2007 | WR |
| 1:52.72 | 12 September 2010 | SA |
| 1:52.30 | 24 August 2012 | SA |
* 400m medley
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 4:10.93 | 7 December 2003 | SA |
| 4:09.10 | 9 September 2004 | SA |
| 4:06.30 | 13 November 2007 | SA |
| 4:00.63 | 17 November 2007 | AM |
* 100m medley
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 55.41 | 6 December 2003 | SA |
| 54.95 | 7 February 2004 | SA |
| 53.72 | 10 September 2004 | SA |
| 53.49 | 4 February 2006 | SA |
| 52.97 | 13 November 2007 | SA |
| 52.42 | 17 November 2007 | AM |
| 52.35 | 11 September 2010 | SA |
* 4 × 200 m freestyle
| Time | Date | Notes |
| 7:06.64 | 8 October 2004 | SA |
| 7:06.09 | 6 April 2006 | SA |