OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of Alabama state symbols

The state of Alabama has a total of 41 official state emblems. The oldest symbol is the Alabama State Bible, from 1853. The most recently designated symbol is the Little Bluestem, Alabama's state native grass, established in 2024.
Alabama does not have an official nickname, although "Heart of Dixie" was strongly promoted by the Alabama Chamber of Commerce in the 1940s and 1950s, and put on state license plates.

## Insignia

| Type | Symbol | Year |
| Bible | The Alabama State Bible | 1853 |
| Great Seal | The Seal of Alabama | 1876 |
| Flag | The flag of Alabama | 1895 |
| Coat of arms | The coat of arms of Alabama | 1939 |
| Military Crest | The State Military Crest of Alabama | |
| Motto | Audemus jura nostra defendere We dare defend our rights | 1939 |
| Creed | Alabama state creed | 1939 |
| Mascot | Eastern tiger swallowtail | 1989 |

## Species

| Type | Symbol | Year |
| Bird | Yellowhammer (yellow-shafted flicker) Colaptes auratus | 1933 |
| Saltwater fish | Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus | 1955 |
| Flower | Camellia Camellia japonica L. | 1959 |
| Horse | Racking Horse Equus caballus | 1975 |
| Freshwater fish | Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides | 1975 |
| Game bird | Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo | 1980 |
| Nut | Pecan Carya illinoinensis | 1982 |
| Butterfly | Eastern tiger swallowtail Papilio glaucus | 1989 |
| Insect | Monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus | 1989 |
| Reptile | Alabama red-bellied turtle Pseudemys alabamensis | 1990 |
| Shell | Johnstone's junonia Scaphella junonia johnstoneae | 1990 |
| Tree | Southern longleaf pine Pinus palustris | 1997 |
| Wildflower | Oak-leaf hydrangea Hydrangea quercifolia Bartr. | 1999 |
| Amphibian | Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti | 2000 |
| Fruit | Blackberry Rubus occidentalis | 2004 |
| Mammal | American black bear Ursus americanus | 2006 |
| Tree fruit | Peach Prunus persica | 2006 |
| Vegetable | Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas | 2021 |
| Legume | Peanut Arachis hypogaea | 2022 |
| Native Grass | Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium | 2024 |

## Geology

| Type | Symbol | Year |
| Mineral | Hematite | 1967 |
| Rock | Marble | 1969 |
| Fossil | Basilosaurus Basilosaurus cetoides | 1984 |
| Gemstone | Star blue quartz | 1990 |
| Soil | Bama | 1997 |

## Culture

| Type | Symbol | Year |
| Song | "Alabama" | 1931 |
| American folk dance | Square dance | 1981 |
| Renaissance fair | Florence, Alabama Renaissance Fair | 1988 |
| Horse show | AOHA Alabama State Championship Horse Show | 1988 |
| Outdoor drama | The Miracle Worker | 1991 |
| Barbecue competition | Alabama Barbecue Championship | 1991 |
| Agricultural museum | Dothan Landmark Park | 1992 |
| Horseshoe tournament | Stockton Fall Horseshoe Tournament | 1992 |
| Historic theatre | Alabama Theatre | 1993 |
| Outdoor musical drama | The Incident at Looney's Tavern | 1993 |
| Quilt | Pine Burr Quilt | 1997 |
| Spirit | Conecuh Ridge Alabama Fine Whiskey | 2004 |
| Cake | Lane cake | 2016 |
| Cookie | Yellowhammer cookie | 2023 |
# 1953 Paphos earthquake

The 1953 Paphos earthquake struck British Cyprus (present day Cyprus) on the morning of 10 September, at 06:05 EET. It had a magnitude of M$_s$  6.5 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, and had a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. The epicenter of this earthquake was situated off the island's west coast, near the city of Paphos. At least 40 people died and 100 were injured. It was also felt in Rhodes, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon and Kastellorizo.

## Geological setting

Cyprus is wedged in a complex zone of interaction between the Anatolian (which part of the larger Eurasian plate) and African plate. These two plates are colliding along the Cyprus Arc, a plate boundary that runs south of the island. This subduction zone is offset by a small transform fault known as the Paphos Transform Fault. The plate boundary, coupled with the Dead Sea Transform and East Anatolian Fault accommodates motion of the African and Arabian plates. This has resulted in moderately destructive, mid-range earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1–7.5 in 1222 which caused great devastation to the island and generated a tsunami.

## Earthquake

The mainshock was associated with shallow normal faulting. Seismologists Nicholas Ambraseys and Robin Adams derived instrumental and macroseismic information to reveal two similarly sized mainshocks. These earthquakes were separated in time by eight seconds with epicenters 50 km (31 mi) apart. Their surface-wave magnitudes were M$_s$  6.0 and 6.1, respectively. Global earthquake catalogs have only listed one mainshock, reliably recorded by 198 stations.

## Damage and aftermath

Forty people were killed and 100 injured, mainly due to collapses as bodies were being pulled from the rubble. Another 4,000 were made homeless in the 158 towns and villages that were affected. The earthquake also triggered landslides which further damaged communities. Destruction in the towns of Stroumbi, Axylou, Kithasi, Lapithiou and Phasoula was complete. Shaking was accompanied by a small tsunami which waves were seen along the coast of Paphos without damage.
Rehabilitation and assistance were provided by the Government of the United Kingdom. On 13 September, tents and aid supplies were flown in by the Royal Air Force while the Royal Navy sailed through the Suez Canal to help contribute to the recovery efforts. Blankets and clothing were supplied to those affected by the British Red Cross.
# Yellow longnose butterflyfish

The yellow longnose butterflyfish or forceps butterflyfish (Forcipiger flavissimus) is a species of marine fish in the family Chaetodontidae.
It is a small fish which grows up to 22 cm (8.7 in) in length.
This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.

## Range and Distribution

The yellow longnose butterflyfish is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area from the eastern coast of Africa to Hawaii, Red Sea included, and is also found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California to the Revillagigedo Islands and the Galapagos.
It is a small fish which grows up to 22 cm (8.7 in) in length.
This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.

## Territoriality

Being territorial, yellow longnose butterflyfish patrol their patches of coral with a monogamous partner. However, instances of overt aggression among F. flavissimus have been observed between territory holders and individuals of the same sex. Chasing is rare, but when it does occur, males chase males and females chase females. Females defend food resources from other females, while males defend territories containing a female from other males.
Territoriality is a favorable strategy for a species to adopt primarily when resources are temporally stable, predictable, and evenly distributed throughout a territory. Territoriality is commonly displayed by benthic-feeding longnose butterflyfish, therefore, because their main dietary resources fulfill these characteristics. Their monogamous pairing appears to be closely linked to their territorial behavior. Although several could cause a species to evolve monogamous behavior, the necessity for biparental care does not apply to longnose butterflyfish because they lay pelagic, or freely floating, eggs. One source of selective pressure responsible for the monogamous pairs observed could be the advantage of territorial defense it provides. Monogamy is favored when a pair makes the defense of one or more resources more efficient than defense by a solitary individual. Longnose butterflyfish pairs have been confirmed by studies to be heterosexual and pair fidelity has been observed for periods of up to seven or more years.
Besides the advertisement displays accomplished through monogamous pairing, territorial domination by longnose butterflyfish has also been observed by means of acoustic behaviors, which provide important cues and social signals during fish communication. Emitting sounds through complicated body movements is another technique they use to advertise territorial boundaries. Potential rivals are able to assess body size of a competitor based on the duration and intensity of the sound a yellow longnose butterflyfish produces. The duration and intensity of the sounds emitted during antagonistic behaviors, such as the defense of one's territory, often predict the ability of an individual to secure that territory. A sound of long duration and high intensity, therefore, often indicates an individual has a large territory. Defending territory is the strategy these species adopt to compete for and maximize their claims over resources.
# Egaa Gymnasium

Egaa Gymnasium is a school of secondary education and a Gymnasium in Aarhus, Denmark. The school offers the 3 year Matriculation examination (STX) programme divided in 4 main lines; language, arts, social sciences and natural sciences. The school was subordinated to the Aarhus County until 2007 when the county was abolished and since then the school has been an independent self-owning institution.

## Building

The school was built in 2006, designed by Cubo Architects. The building costs were DKK 183 million and it is constructed in concrete, steel and glass as a rectangular cube and island in a flat, open landscape. Classrooms and workshops are placed around an open-air communal area and the building is characterized by open spaces and lightness.
# José Antônio Moreira, Count of Ipanema

José Antônio Moreira, first baron with greatness, viscount with greatness and count of Ipanema, (October 23, 1797 in São Paulo – June 28, 1879 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian industrialist of the branch of the metallurgy.
Son of José Antônio Moreira and of Ana Joaquina of Jesus. He got married with Rat-colored Laurinda Rosa of the Saints, leaving descendants, of whom there is outstanding José Antônio Moreira Filho, I second baron of Ipanema.
Comendador of the Imperial Order of Christ and dignitary of the Imperial Order of Rosa. It received the baronage for decree of 24 of March 1847, the baron's grandezas for decree of 25 of September 1849, the viscondado with greatness for decree of 2 of December 1854 and the county for decree of 20 of February 1868. It makes reference to the river Ipanema, to which edges the noble raised the Factory from Iron of Ipanema, in Sorocaba.
# Chambo River

The Chambo River (Spanish: Río Chambo) is a tributary of the Pastaza River in the Amazon basin in Ecuador. The Chambo rises on the Central Cordillera. The Chambo runs across Chimborazo Province, and eventually joins with the Patate River in Tungurahua Province, near Tungurahua, just upstream from the town of Baños de Agua Santa north of the volcano Mount Tungurahua. Chambo, a town along its path, was named after the river.
# Kenneth Hume

Kenneth Hume (22 March 1926 – 25 June 1967) was a British filmmaker and manager known for being married to Shirley Bassey.
Hume made the ballet film Mods and Rockers.
Although Hume was gay, he married Bassey in 1961. He divorced Bassey in the mid sixties citing Peter Finch and John McAulife as co-respondents. Hume also managed Bassey. He died of an overdose of barbituates, possibly accidental.

## Filmography (as director)

* Cheer the Brave (1951)
* Hot Ice (1952)
* Sail Into Danger (1957) a.k.a. El Aventurero
* Bullet from the Past (1957) – Scotland Yard series episode
* Mods and Rockers (1964)
* I've Gotta Horse (1965)
# Estelle Laurier

Estelle Laurier is a French footballer who plays for Metz. She has previously played for Essen.
# Owl Creek, Wyoming

Owl Creek is a CDP in Hot Springs County, Wyoming, United States. The population was five at the 2010 Census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.5 square miles (16.8 km$^2$), all of its land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 11 people, 4 households, and 3 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1.7 people per square mile (0.7/km$^2$). There were 11 housing units at an average density of 1.7/sq mi (0.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 100.00% White.
There were 4 households, out of which 50.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.0% were married couples living together, and 25.0% were non-families. 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.33.

## CDP Demographics

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36.4% under the age of 18, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 133.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,393, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $38,750 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,975. About 50.0% of families and 43.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.5% of those under 18 and none of those over 64.

## Education

Public education in the community of Owl Creek is provided by Hot Springs County School District #1. Schools in the district include Ralph Witters Elementary School (grades K-5), Thermopolis Middle School (grades 6–8), and Hot Springs County High School (grades 9–12).
# Kethna Louis

Kethna Louis (born 5 August 1996) is a Haitian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Première Ligue club Montpellier and the Haiti national team.

## International goals

Scores and results list Haiti's goal tally first
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 20 April 2018 | Stade Sylvio Cator, Port-au-Prince, Haiti | U.S. Virgin Islands | 1–0 | 14–0 | 2018 CFU Women's Challenge Series |
| 2 | 18 February 2023 | North Harbour Stadium, Auckland, New Zealand | Senegal | 1–0 | 4–0 | 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification |
| 3 | 26 October 2023 | SKNFA Technical Center, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 3–0 | 11–0 | 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup qualification |
| 4 | 30 October 2023 | SKNFA Technical Center, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1–0 | 13–0 | 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup qualification |
| 5 | 30 October 2023 | SKNFA Technical Center, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 4–0 | 13–0 | 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup qualification |
# Gentlewoman

A gentlewoman (from the Latin gentilis, belonging to a gens, and English 'woman') in the original and strict sense is a woman of good family, analogous to the Latin generosus and generosa. The closely related English word "gentry" derives from the Old French genterise, gentelise, with much of the meaning of the French noblesse and the German Adel, but without the strict technical requirements of those traditions, such as quarters of nobility.
By association with gentleman, the word can refer to:
* A woman of gentle birth or high social position;
* A woman attending a great lady (as, for example, the character in William Shakespeare's Macbeth called only 'Gentlewoman', who attends Lady Macbeth). This might be a court appointment as the female equivalent to a valet de chambre.
* A woman with good manners and high standards of behaviour.

## At court

From the time of Queen Mary I and Queen Elizabeth I, the title Gentlewoman of Her Majesty's Bedchamber was borne by ladies serving the Queen of England, later becoming Lady of the Bedchamber.

## United States Congress

'Gentlewoman' also has a local usage in the United States House of Representatives, referring to a female member of the House, as in "the gentlewoman from [state]".

## Some uses in literature

* Enitan Bereola II, Gentlewoman: Etiquette for a Lady, from a Gentleman (2014)
* Isabella Whitney, The Copy of a Letter, Lately Written in Meter by a Young Gentlewoman: to her Unconstant Lover, ca. 1567 earliest known volume of English language secular poetry published by a woman
* Jane Anger: Her Protection for Women to defend them against the scandalous reports of a late surfeiting Lover... Written by Jane Anger, Gentlewoman at London (1589)
* Richard Braithwaite's The English Gentlewoman (1631), followed his The English Gentleman (1630), both being books about acceptable behaviour.
* "Helena, a Gentlewoman", in All's Well That Ends Well
* A Yorkshire Gentlewoman and Her Son by George Chapman (17th century)
* "Quartilla, gentlewoman to Triphoena", in Holland's Leaguer (1631) by Shackerley Marmion
* "Mrs Pleasant, a handsome young Gentlewoman of a good fortune" in The Parson's Wedding (1641) by Thomas Killigrew
* Anne Bradstreet, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up into America, by a Gentlewoman in such Parts (1647)
* Hannah Woolley, The Gentlewoman's Companion; or, a Guide to the Female Sex (1673)
* Eliza Smith, The Compleat Housewife: or, Accomplished Gentlewoman’s Companion (16th edition ed., 1758)
* The Gentlewoman's Magazine (18th century periodical)
* Arvind Nehra, Letters of an Indian Judge to an English Gentlewoman (1934)
* Charles Angell Bradford, Blanche Parry, Queen Elizabeth's Gentlewoman (1935)
* Margery Sharp The Foolish Gentlewoman (1948)
* Langton, A., A Gentlewoman in Upper Canada (1950)
* Mary Hallock Foote, A Victorian Gentlewoman in the Far West: The Reminiscences of Mary Hallock Foote (1972)
* Jezail Brett, a witness from the video game The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles developed by Capcom.
# Piedras 1

Piedras 1 is a studio album by Chilean-American composer and producer Nicolas Jaar. It was released as part of a double album on October 25, 2024, by Other People.

## Background

Piedras 1 and its counterpart, Piedras 2, are a collection of tracks used in Jaar's radio play Archivos de Radio Piedras. Its title track "Piedras" (transl. "Stones") was written in advance of a concert performance at the Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Santiago, Chile. It evolved from a commemorative project honoring the victims of the Augusto Pinochet military dictatorship, to an alternative historical fiction narrative complete with a score. Tracks from the double album, primarily Piedras 1, are presented as original works by the main character within the play.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Nicolas Jaar

## Critical reception

Pitchfork gave the double album a score of 8.3 of 10, and its designation of "Best New Music". The Line of Best Fit rated the album 8/10.
# Daran Ponter

Daran Mark Ponter (born 20 February 1968) is a New Zealand local-body politician who on the 30th of October 2019 succeeded Chris Laidlaw as the chair of the Greater Wellington Regional Council.

## Biography
### Early life

Ponter was born in Kitwe in Zambia's Central Province, Zambia. Soon after his birth his family relocated to Birmingham, United Kingdom and then to Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1973 they moved to Suva, Fiji where he attended Veiuto Primary School. Arriving in New Zealand in 1980, Ponter attended Palmerston North Intermediate Normal School, followed by Palmerston North Boys High School. He was an American Field Service exchange student to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1985/86. He studied sociology and geography at Massey University. He was a Massey scholar in 1989. After graduation he obtained a Masters of Public Policy from Victoria University of Wellington. Before politics he worked as a regional planner in the Bay of Plenty and public policy adviser in various ministries in Wellington, most notably Te Puni Kōkiri. Later, he established and continues to run an independent public policy consultancy with his wife Vickie.
Between 2000 and 2004 Ponter was instrumental in leading the establishment of the Maori Television Service for Te Puni Kokiri. Ponter has worked on seven Treaty of Waitangi settlements, including the settlement for the Waikato River and the Port Nicholson Block settlement in Wellington. He also led the negotiation of seven regional aquaculture agreements to recognise Maori commercial interests in aquaculture. In 2000 he was private secretary to Parekura Horomia, Minister for Maori Development, and in 2018, private secretary to Nanaia Mahuta, Minister for Maori Development.

### Political career

Ponter first stood for office in 1998 where he unsuccessfully contested a seat on the Wellington Regional Council as part of the Labour Party ticket. In 2001 he stood for the Wellington City Council in the Eastern Ward, but was again unsuccessful.
He was first elected to the regional council in 2010 serving until 2013 when he failed to secure re-election. However he was appointed a council member again in April 2016 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of former chairperson Fran Wilde. He was re-elected for two further terms in both 2016 and 2019. Following the 2019 elections he was elected chairperson of the council unopposed.
In May 2020, the regional council confirmed all fares would be fully subsidised until the end of June, making all train and bus journeys free.
# Viscount of Primrose

Viscount of Primrose was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1703 for Sir James Primrose, 3rd Baronet, along with the subsidiary title Lord Primrose and Castlefield. He was the grandson of Archibald Primrose, a Lord of Session under the title Lord Carrington, who in 1651 was created a Baronet, of Carrington in the County of Selkirk, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. The peerages became extinct on the death of the third Viscount in 1741. However, the baronetcy was passed on to the late Viscount's cousin James Primrose, 2nd Earl of Rosebery, who became the fifth Baronet of Carrington. He was the son of Archibald Primrose, 1st Earl of Rosebery, fourth son of Sir Archibald Primrose, 1st Baronet. For further history of the baronetcy, see the Earl of Rosebery.

## Primrose Baronets, of Carrington (1651)

* Sir Archibald Primrose, 1st Baronet (died 1679)
* Sir William Primrose, 2nd Baronet (died 1687)
* Sir James Primrose, 3rd Baronet (c. 1680–1706) (created Viscount of Primrose in 1703)

## Viscounts of Primrose (1703)

* James Primrose, 1st Viscount of Primrose (c. 1680–1706)
* Archibald Primrose, 2nd Viscount of Primrose (died 1716)
* Hugh Primrose, 3rd Viscount of Primrose (c. 1703–1741)

## Primrose Baronets, of Carrington (1651; Reverted)

* see the Earl of Rosebery
# Tre Harbison

Tre Harbison III (born July 1, 1998) is a former American football running back. He played college football at Charlotte and was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Cleveland Browns after the 2021 NFL draft.

## College career

Harbison was ranked as a three–star recruit by 247Sports.com coming out of high school. He committed to Virginia on April 12, 2015. After only one semester at Virginia, Harbison surprisingly decided to transfer from Virginia. He committed to Northern Illinois shortly thereafter. Harbison played three years at Northern Illinois before entering the transfer portal again on November 26, 2019. He committed to Charlotte on December 8, 2019.

## Professional career

Harbison was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Cleveland Browns on May 3, 2021, where he reunited with college teammate Romeo McKnight. He was waived/injured on August 6, and placed on injured reserve with a neck injury. Harbison announced his retirement from professional football on August 31. He was officially released by the Browns on May 13, 2022.

## Personal life

His uncle Charlie Harbison, half-brother Devin Baldwin, and father James each played football at Gardner–Webb University.
# Maksim Boychuk

Maksim Sergeyevich Boychuk (Russian: Максим Сергеевич Бойчук; born 17 November 1997) is a Russian football player.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for PFC Spartak Nalchik on 12 March 2017 in a game against FC Baltika Kaliningrad.
# Egor Mednikov

Egor Egorovich Mednikov (Russian: Егор Егорович Медников; born 3 June 1949) is a Soviet football player, goalkeeper, coach.