OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cell proliferation

Cell proliferation is the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth. Cell proliferation requires both cell growth and cell division to occur at the same time, such that the average size of cells remains constant in the population. Cell division can occur without cell growth, producing many progressively smaller cells (as in cleavage of the zygote), while cell growth can occur without cell division to produce a single larger cell (as in growth of neurons). Thus, cell proliferation is not synonymous with either cell growth or cell division, despite these terms sometimes being used interchangeably.
Stem cells undergo cell proliferation to produce proliferating "transit amplifying" daughter cells that later differentiate to construct tissues during normal development and tissue growth, during tissue regeneration after damage, or in cancer.
The total number of cells in a population is determined by the rate of cell proliferation minus the rate of cell death.
Cell size depends on both cell growth and cell division, with a disproportionate increase in the rate of cell growth leading to production of larger cells and a disproportionate increase in the rate of cell division leading to production of many smaller cells. Cell proliferation typically involves balanced cell growth and cell division rates that maintain a roughly constant cell size in the exponentially proliferating population of cells. Cell proliferation occurs by combining cell growth with regular "G1-S-G2-M" cell cycles to produce many diploid cell progeny.
In single-celled organisms, cell proliferation is largely responsive to the availability of nutrients in the environment (or laboratory growth medium).
In multicellular organisms, the process of cell proliferation is tightly controlled by gene regulatory networks encoded in the genome and executed mainly by transcription factors including those regulated by signal transduction pathways elicited by growth factors during cell–cell communication in development. Recently it has been also demonstrated that cellular bicarbonate metabolism, which is responsible for cell proliferation, can be regulated by mTORC1 signaling. In addition, intake of nutrients in animals can induce circulating hormones of the Insulin/IGF-1 family, which are also considered growth factors, and that function to promote cell proliferation in cells throughout the body that are capable of doing so.
Uncontrolled cell proliferation, leading to an increased proliferation rate, or a failure of cells to arrest their proliferation at the normal time, is a cause of cancer.
# Zack Miller

Zack Miller (born July 5, 1984) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour. He graduated from Stanford University in 2007, where he was captain of the golf team. He turned professional that year, and spent two years playing on the Korean Tour and Gateway Tour, where he won twice. In 2010 he qualified for the Nationwide Tour, finishing 56th in the standings, and at the end of that year graduated to the main PGA Tour via the qualifying school.

## Professional wins (2)
### Gateway Tour wins (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | Jul 31, 2009 | Desert Summer 7 | −19 (65-69-63=197) | 2 strokes | Brandon Knight |
| 2 | Aug 21, 2009 | Desert Summer 9 | −16 (69-64-67=200) | 3 strokes | Jake Younan-Wise |
# Department of Homeland Security Outstanding Unit Award

The DHS Outstanding Unit Award is a US military award and was established on January 11, 2021 by Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf.

## History

The Coast Guard received the DHS Outstanding Unit Award for service from August 25, 2017 to November 30, 2020 for performance during multiple hurricanes, the National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown, the capsizing of M/V Golden Ray, and the enforcement of International sanctions against North Korea.

### Eligibility

The following personnel are eligible if they served at any time during the award period and did so honorably:
* Coast Guard active duty, reserve, Auxiliary, and civilians
* Other U.S. Uniformed Service members permanently assigned to serve a tour of duty with the Coast Guard
* Personnel assigned temporality to the Coast Guard for one or more of the citied events
* Civilian employees from other agencies assigned to the Coast Guard during this period of time

#### Personnel not eligible

The following personnel are not eligible:
* Coast Guard members who had disciplinary action during the award period
* Civilian employees not in compliance with Equal Employment provisions, merit system principles, of DHS conduct standards.
* Federals contractors
# Alec Gambling

William Alexander Gambling (11 October 1926 – 9 January 2021) was a British electrical engineer.

## Life

From 1950 to 1955, he was lecturer in electric power engineering at the University of Liverpool. He taught at the University of Southampton and was dean of Engineering and Applied Sciences from 1972 to 1975.
He was president of Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers in 1978. In 1979, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering
He was BT professor of optical communications from 1980 to 1995 and founder and director of the Optoelectronics Research Centre from 1989 to 1995.
He was Royal Society Kan Tong Po visiting professor at the University of Hong Kong from 1996 to 2001. He was director of Research and Development at Optoelectronics LTK Industries Ltd from 2002 to 2007.
He was awarded the James Alfred Ewing Medal in 2002. He died in Spain on 9 January 2021.

## Works

* Electronics in transition, University of Southampton, 1968
* Photons and fibres: the new world of communications, Royal Academy of Engineering, 1992
* S. T. Lee, P. S. Chung, William Alexander Gambling, C. S. Lee, Papers presented at the Asia-Pacific Symposium on Organic Electrolumuniscent Materials and Devices, City University of Hong Kong, 2000
# Alexander Normand

Prof Alexander Robert Normand FRSE FRSGS (4 March 1880 – 18 July 1958) was a Scottish chemist and geologist.

## Life

He was born in Edinburgh on 4 March 1880 the son of James Normand of Kirkton Lodge in Murrayfield. He was educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh then studied chemistry at the University of Edinburgh, graduating with an MA BSc, followed by a PhD.
In 1934 he became Professor of Chemistry at Wilson College in Bombay (now Mumbai). In the same year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were James Pickering Kendall, John Edwin Mackenzie, Thomas Bolam and Ernest Bowman Ludlam.
He died at 33 Moray Place, Edinburgh on 18 July 1958.

## Family

In 1909 he married Margaret Elizabeth Murray.
# Hagen-Hohenlimburg

Hagen-Hohenlimburg (formerly known as Limburg an der Lenne, changed to Hohenlimburg in 1903; Westphalian: Limmerg), on the Lenne river, is a borough of the city of Hagen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Hohenlimburg was formerly the chief town of the county of Limburg-Hohenlimburg in medieval Germany, first documented in 1230, and belonged to the counts of Limburg Hohenlimburg and Broich. In the 13th century, Dietrich I of Isenberg recovered a small territory out of the previous possessions of his father Friedrich II of Isenberg, built a castle and took the title of count of Limburg, a family which still lives today in Belgium and the Netherlands.
Later Hohenlimburg passed to the counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg. As of 1911, the castle of Hohenlimburg, which overlooks the town, was the residence of Prince Adolf of Bentheim-Tecklenburg.
Also as of 1911, the town was involved in iron and metal industries, and dyeing, cloth-making and linenweaving also took place. The population in 1905 was 12,790, and its 2004 population was 27,337.
Hohenlimburg station is on the Ruhr–Sieg railway and is served by two lines, Regional-Express service RE 16 (Ruhr-Lenne-Express) from Essen via Hagen to Iserlohn and Regionalbahn service RB 91 (Ruhr-Sieg-Bahn) from Hagen to Siegen or Iserlohn, both running hourly.
Wilhelm Böing (3 May 1846 – 10 January 1890), who emigrated in 1868 from Hohenlimburg to the US and became a timber merchant in Detroit, was the father of William Boeing, founder of the Boeing company.
Liévin, a town in northern France, was twinned with Hohenlimburg in 1962.
# House of Quiñones

The House of Quiñones (Casa de Quiñones) is an old and noble Spanish family that emerged in Castile and León in the 12th century and became one of the most prominent dynasties of the Spanish kingdom until the 20th century. The original family gave rise to several branches, one of which became Conts of Luna from the 15th century to the 19th century, in turn giving rise to other branches including the marquesado de Alcedo.

## Origin

The founder of what became the House of Quiñones was an Asturian nobleman named Pedro Alvarez Quiñones, who is first seen in the mid 12th-century as tenente (Lord) of Luna and lord of the village of Quiñones del río in León. The family would come to be known by a toponymic surname indicating their derivation from the latter village. One of these traced said this man married with Violante Ponce de León, family of Kings of León with one daughter of a King Alfonso IX of León. A son named Suero and trunk of the lineage fought in the war of succession of the house of burgundy. His was son Pedro S. Quiñones de Mendoza, he was general of the border and he married Juana G. Bazan but when he had no succession, his sister Leonor inherited him, who will be the third lady of Luna's house. The Quiñones lineage continued through the Middle Ages in the reconquest of the southern peninsula against the Arabs and established itself as a first-rank noble house, fighting in the internal struggles of the House of Trastamara, playing a leading role in politics Castilian since they belonged to the royal lineage. Several current Spanish noble families derive from the House of Quiñones: the House of Count of Luna, as direct heirs of Violante Ponce de León, and its small count of Bañuelos. From the House of Luna (Counts since 1462) come the lesser noble houses of the Marquesados de Alcedo (since 1891) San Carlos o Montevirgen (created in 1796 for Charles VII of Napoles) from which There were and there are many gentlemen in Europe. In the House of Count of Luna, the marriage bonds- since its foundation has always been with families of equal or higher rank, noble descent and economy.
# José Meiffret

José Meiffret (1913–1983, born Boulouris, France) was a cyclist who set a world motor-paced speed record of 204.73 km/h (127.243 mi/h) behind a Mercedes-Benz 300SL on the German Autobahn on July 19, 1962 at Freiburg Germany. This record was set on a bicycle setup with a 130-tooth chainring, weighing 20 kg and equipped with wooden rims.
# Rimma Utyasheva

Rimma Amirovna Utyasheva (Russian: Римма Амировна Утяшева; born 3 January, 1952, Sabayevo, Buzdyaksky District) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.
In 1999, Utyashev was granted a Candidate of Sciences in Medicine degree. In 1975 she started working as obstetrician-gynecologist in Ufa. From 1978 to 1988, she was the department head at the clinical maternity hospital №4. From 1988 to 2008, she was the deputy head physician. In 2013, Utyasheva became Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1 of the Bashkir State Medical University. From 2008 to 2021, she was the deputy of the State Assembly of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the 4th, 5th, and 6th convocations. Since September 2021, she has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

## Sanctions

She was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Tomiwa Owolade

Tomiwa Owolade (born July 1996) is a Nigerian-born British journalist and author based in London, England.

## Early life

Owolade was born in Nigeria in 1996 and moved to London in 2005. He studied English at Queen Mary, University of London and earned a postgraduate degree in English from University College London.

## Career
### Journalism

Owolade is a journalist and commentator on race, language, education, and free speech. He began his career at the UnHerd website. He is currently a columnist at The Times and contributes to The Observer, The Telegraph, New Statesman and London Evening Standard and BBC Radio 4 documentaries.

### Diane Abbott controversy

In April 2023 Owolade's column in the Observer on race and its role in differences in educational outcome in the UK provoked a letter from MP Diane Abbott in which she stated that Jews, Irish people and Travellers do not experience racism as black people do. This caused controversy and discussion during which Owolade supported calls for Abbott's resignation. and which resulted in her suspension from the Labour Party. Abbott withdrew her remarks and apologised.

### This is Not America

In 2021 Owolade was the major winner of the Giles St Aubyn Award from the Royal Society of Literature for his book This is Not America which was published by Atlantic Books in 2023. In the book, Owolade argues that "too much of the conversation around race in Britain is viewed through the prism of American ideas that don't reflect the history, challenges and achievements of increasingly diverse black populations at home."
This is Not America was widely reviewed. In The Guardian, Colin Grant called it a "timely intervention into the politics of identity" and Tony Sewell wrote in The Telegraph that it is "a sensible study". Pratinav Anil in The Times, where it was book of the week in June 2023, found that it focussed on class over race. In The Spectator, Margaret Casely-Hayford called Owolade's "positive attitude" "glib". Kehinde Andrews stated that it was "so spectacularly bad it should never have been published" and coined the term "Uncle Tomiwa" which provoked further controversy. In December 2023 The Times chose the book as one of the best of the year, as did Tortoise Media and Michela Wrong in The Spectator.

### Other

Owolade was one of the judges at the UCL Orwell Political Fiction Prize in 2023.
# Belgian State Railways Type 23

The Belgian State Railways Type 23, later known as the NMBS/SNCB Type 53, was a class of 0-8-0T steam locomotives built between 1904 and 1927.
The 436 members of the class were used as shunters at most of the railway stations operated by the Belgian State Railways and its successor, the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB), which was established in 1926.
One member of the class, no. 53.320, has been preserved by the NMBS/SNCB, and will be part of the collection of Train World, the Belgian national railway museum. It is now painted in a chocolate livery, and bears its earlier NMBS/SNCB number, 5620.
# St Ethelbert's Church, Slough

St Ethelbert's Church or Our Lady Immaculate and St Ethelbert's Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in Slough, Berkshire, England. It was built from 1908 to 1910 and designed by Benedict Williamson. It is located on the corner of Wellington Street and William Street in the centre of the town. It is in the Gothic Revival style and is a Grade II listed building.

## History
### Foundation

In the early 1880s, an Italian priest, Fr Joseph Clemente, became the chaplain at St James' School in Baylis House. While her was there he worked on getting a permanent Catholic church in the town. With others, he raised funds and bought a disused warehouse and stable on Herschel House. In 1885, the former warehouse and stable became St Ethelbert's Church.

### Construction

In 1888, Fr Clemente moved permanently from the school to the church. The next year, in 1889, he bought the site of the present church for £1,050. However, raising funds for the construction of the church was more difficult. In 1908, thanks to a donation from the superior of the Bernardine Cistercians of Esquermes attached to St Bernard's Catholic Grammar School in Slough, in memory of her parents. On 1 July 1908, the foundation stone of the church was laid. The architect was the priest Fr Benedict Williamson who also designed St Ignatius Church, Stamford Hill and Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church, Fulham. He was assisted by Fr J. Francis Drake, the chaplain at the convent. The builders were Messrs. Godson & Sons. On 19 April 1910, the church was consecrated and opened the next day on 20 April 1910.

### Developments

In 1912, the statue of Christ the Redeemer was bought for the church. It is situated by the side entrance facing the street. It was blessed by Pope Pius X and was originally designed to stand at Westminster Cathedral. In 1980, the rood screen was moved to behind the altar, the baptismal font was moved in front of the sanctuary and the ambo replaced the pulpit. The work was done by the architect Anthony New who worked for Seely & Paget.

## Parish

The church is its own parish and has three Sunday Masses at 9:00am, 11:00am and 6:30pm.
# Thomas Martin (racing driver)

Thomas Martin (born June 4, 1978) is an American stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West, driving the No. 11 Chevrolet SS owned by John Krebs.

## Racing career

Martin's father was a Toyota mechanic. He owned mini stock cars. This triggered Martin's interest in racing. He made his racing debut at age 16 at the Grass Valley Speedway. His father served as his crew chief. He joined the Pro-Four West Coast Series in 1994 until 1998. In 1995 he was named rookie of the year and he in 1996 he won the championship. At Altamont Raceway Park, Martin holds the 1-lap qualifying record for the series.
He started racing late model cars in 1999, debuting at Madera Speedway. In 2003, Martin participated in the SRL Southwest Tour driving the No. 21 2002 Chevrolet Monte Carlo for Frederick W. Penney.
Martin made his K&N Pro Series West debut at Sonoma Raceway for the Carneros 200 in 2006. He finished 6th in the 2014 series. That year, he was awarded the Coca-Cola Move of the Year trophy.

## Personal life

Martin is from Auburn, California. He attended Placer High School, where he played football. He is a CNC machinist.
# Josh Ritchart

Josh Ritchart (born March 11, 1992) is an American former professional basketball player. After five years at UC Davis, Ritchart began his professional career in Japan, before splitting the 2016–17 season in Greece and Sweden. In 2018, he moved to Australia and joined the Rockingham Flames of the State Basketball League (SBL).

## High school career

Ritchart played high school basketball at Forest Lake Christian, in Auburn, California.

## College career

Ritchart played college basketball at UC Davis from 2010 to 2015.

## Professional career

In July 2015, Ritchart signed with Bambitious Nara of the Japanese bj league. In 49 games for Nara in 2016–17, he averaged 11.5 points and 6.9 rebounds per game.
In August 2016, Ritchart signed with Koroivos Amaliadas of the Greek Basket League. He left the team in November 2016 after appearing in five games. In January 2017, Ritchart signed with Malbas of the Swedish Basketligan. In 11 games, he averaged 12.5 points and 5.7 rebounds per game.
In January 2018, Ritchart signed with the Rockingham Flames of the State Basketball League. He averaged 26.3 points, 7.3 rebounds, 2.1 assists and 1.5 blocks in 10 games before being ruled out for the rest of the season in early May with a foot injury.
On October 31, 2018, Ritchart re-signed with the Flames for the 2019 SBL season. In June 2019, he competed in the SBL All-Star Game. Later that month, he sustained a calf injury that saw him sit out for nearly two months. In 20 games, he averaged 19.8 points, 6.8 rebounds and 1.75 assists per game.
In January 2020, Ritchart re-signed with the Flames for the 2020 season. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season was cancelled.
# Karl Richter (tennis)

Karl Richter (born July 21, 1960) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

## Biography

Richter grew up Auburn, California, near Sacramento. As a collegiate player at Texas Christian University (TCU) he won the NCAA Division 1 doubles title in 1981. He and partner David Pate were seeded third and defeated Arkansas's Pat Serret and Peter Doohan in the final. This made them the first players in TCU's history to win a national championship in tennis.
Turning professional in 1983, Richter spent four years on the international tour, mostly as a doubles specialist. His most regular partner on tour was Rick Rudeen and the pair were runners-up at a Grand Prix tournament in Auckland in 1986.
During his professional career he appeared in the main draw of all four Grand Slam tournaments, with a best result coming at the 1986 Wimbledon Championships, where he partnered with Australian player David Graham to make the third round. The pair's second round win was over the Gullikson twins, who had upset the top seeds Stefan Edberg and Anders Järryd in the opening round.
Since retiring he has remained involved in tennis and was an assistant coach at TCU for many years. He worked as a teacher and tennis coach at Aledo High School in Aledo, Texas.

## Grand Prix career finals
### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

| Result | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1986 | Auckland, New Zealand | Hard | Rick Rudeen | Broderick Dyke Wally Masur | 3–6, 4–6 |