# Timeline of Cairo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cairo, Egypt.

## Prior to 19th century

Part of a series on the :
History of Egypt :
Prehistoric Egypt Paleolithic300,000–17,000 BC Mesolithic17,000–9000 BC Predynastic Period6000–3000 BC :
Ancient Egypt Early Dynastic Period3150–2686 BC Old Kingdom2686–2181 BC 1st Intermediate Period2181–2055 BC Middle Kingdom2055–1650 BC 2nd Intermediate Period1650–1550 BC New Kingdom1550–1069 BC 3rd Intermediate Period1069–664 BC Late Period664–332 BC :
Greco-Roman Egypt Argead dynasty332–310 BC Ptolemaic dynasties310–30 BC Roman and Byzantine Egypt30 BC–641 AD Sasanian Egypt619–629 :
Medieval Egypt Rashidun caliphate641–661 Umayyad caliphate661–750 Abbasid dynasty750–935 Tulunid dynasty868–905 Ikhshidid dynasty935–969 Fatimid dynasty969–1171 Ayyubid dynasty1171–1250 Mamluk dynasty1250–1517 :
Early modern Egypt Ottoman Egypt1517–1867 French occupation1798–1801 Muhammad Ali dynasty1805–1953 Khedivate of Egypt1867–1914 :
Late Modern Egypt British occupation1882–1922 Sultanate of Egypt1914–1922 Kingdom of Egypt1922–1953 Republic1953–present :
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* 1st C. BCE – Babylon Fortress built (approximate date).
* 33 CE – Origins of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
* 4th–5th C. CE – Saints Sergius and Bacchus Church (Abu Serga) built.
* 6th C. – Church of Saint Menas established.
* 642 – Mosque of Amr ibn al-As built.
* 873 – Ahmad ibn Tulun founds El-Katai.
* 879
** Mosque of Ibn Tulun built.
** Church of St. George built (approximate date).
** Church of the Virgin Mary (Haret Zuweila) built (approximate date).
* 970
** Misr al-Qahira settlement founded by Fatimid Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah.
** Al-Azhar University established.
* 972 – Al-Azhar Mosque established.
* 978 –The Hanging Church rebuilt (approximate date).
* 979 – Saint Mercurius Church in Coptic Cairo rebuilt (approximate date).
* 992 – Al-Hakim Mosque built.
* 11th C. – Church of the Holy Virgin (Babylon El-Darag) built.
* 1016 – Lulua Mosque built.
* 1073 – Saint Barbara Church in Coptic Cairo restored.
* 1085 – Juyushi Mosque built.
* 1092 – City wall and Gates of Cairo built (including Bab Zuweila and Bab al-Nasr).
* 1125 – Aqmar Mosque built.
* 1154 – Al-Hussein Mosque built.
* 1160 – Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque built.
* 1168 – Egypt's capital moved from Fustat to Cairo.
* 1176 – Cairo was unsuccessfully attacked in the Crusades.
* 1183 – Saladin Citadel built.
* ca.1205 – Harat el-Yahoud Synagogue rebuilt and Maimonides works there; it is rebuilt in the 19th century as the Maimonides Synagogue
* 1250 – City becomes capital of Mamluk Sultanate.
* 1280 – Qalawun complex built (approximate date).
* 1318 – Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque built.
* 1340 – Mosque of Amir al-Maridani established.
* 1347 – Aqsunqur Mosque built.
* 1349 – Mosque of Shaykhu built.
* 1352 – Amir Taz Palace built.
* 1355 – Khanqah of Shaykhu built.
* 1359 – Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan built.
* 1421 – Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad built.
* 1517
** January: Battle of Ridaniya occurs near Cairo.
** Capture of Cairo by Ottoman forces.
** City becomes provincial capital during Selim I's rule of Ottoman Empire.
* 1774 – Mosque of Abu Dahab built.
* 1788 – Al Musafir Khana Palace built.
* 1798 – Napoleon arrives.
* 1800 – Population: 200,000 (approximate figure).

## 19th century

* 1801 – June: Siege of Cairo – French surrender to British and Ottoman forces.
* 1811 – March: Massacre of the Citadel.
* 1822 – Arabic printing press in operation.
* 1827 – Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School established.
* 1828
** Government al-Waqa'i' al-Masriyya newspaper begins publication.
** Dar al-Mahfuzat (government archive) established.
* 1848 – Mosque of Muhammad Ali built.
* 1854 – Khorenian School begins.
* 1856 – Railway station built.
* 1863 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities founded at Bulak.
* 1860 – Shepheard's Hotel in operation.
* 1869 – Khedivial Opera House opens.
* 1870 – Egyptian National Library and Archives established.
* 1871– 24 December: Premiere of Verdi's Aida.
* 1874 – Abdeen Palace built.
* 1875 – Al-Ahram newspaper begins publication.
* 1877 – Traffic in slaves ceased.
* 1879 – Collège de la Sainte Famille founded
* 1880 – Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe established.
* 1882
** British occupation.
** Khedivial Sporting Club founded.
** Population: 347,838.
* 1888 – Collège des Frères (Bab al-Louq) opens.
* 1892 – Ben Ezra Synagogue built.
* 1893 – Le Progrès Egyptien newspaper begins publication.
* 1897
** El Khalig canal filled in.
** Population: 570,062.
* 1899
** Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue built
** Al-Ahram newspaper headquartered in Cairo.
* 1900 – Ets Hayim Synagogue (Hanan Synagogue) established
* Cairo – panorama from the Citadel 1895
* Cairo Mosque 1895
* Cairo, soldiers and crowd in front of building, 1895
* Cairo – panorama from the Citadel, 1895
* Cairo, the Citadel, 1895

## 20th century
### 1900s–1940s

* 1902 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities moved again.
* 1905 – Chaar Hachamaim Synagogue established
* 1906 – Pathé cinema built.
* 1907
** Al Ahly Sporting Club formed.
** Population: 654,476.
* 1908
** Cairo University and Café Riche opened.
** Egyptian School of Fine Arts [ar] and American College for Girls founded.
* 1910
** Coptic Museum built.
** Heliopolis Palace Hotel opened.
** Heliopolis Sporting Club founded.
* 1905 – Shimon Bar Yochai Synagogue established
* 1911
** Zamalek Sporting Club formed.
** Baron Empain Palace built.
* 1912
** Boulak Bridge and Al-Rifa'i Mosque built.
* 1915
** Arev and Housaper newspapers begin publication.
* 1919
** Uprising against British occupation.
** American University in Cairo established.
* 1921 – Cairo Conference held.
* 1922
** Tutankhamun's tomb discovered.
* 1924
** 19 November: British governor-general Stack of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan assassinated.
** "Cairo Edition" of Quran Published
* 1925 – Pahad Itzhak (Kreim) Synagogue established
* 1929 – Manial Palace built.
* 1932
** Society Of The Muslim Brothers headquartered in Cairo.
** Moussa Dar'i Synagogue established
* 1933 – Qasr al-Nil Bridge built.
* 1934 – St. George's College, Cairo established.
* 1934 – Meir'enaim (Biton) Synagogue established
* 1937
** Yacoubian Building constructed.
** Lycée La Liberté Héliopolis opens
* 1938 – Publication of The Egyptian Gazette moves from Alexandria to Cairo.
* 1940 – Metro Cinema opens.
* 1942 – Abdeen Palace Incident.
* 1944 – Cairo Forces Parliament meeting.
** The Arab Women's Congress of 1944 is hosted by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo and the Pan-Arabian Arab Feminist Union is founded.
* 1945
** Arab League headquartered in Cairo.
** Ashkènazim Synagogue restored
* 1946 – Ali Baba Cinema opens.
* 1947 – Population: 2,090,654.
* 1948
** Tchahagir newspaper begins publication.
** Rivoli Cinema opens.
* 1949 – 12 February: Muslim leader Hassan al-Banna assassinated.

### 1950s–1990s

* 1950 – Ain Shams University founded.
* 1952
** Cairo Fire.
** The Mogamma built.
** Ismailia Square renamed Tahrir Square.
** Egyptian Revolution of 1952
** Al Akhbar starts publication.
* 1954 – Al Gomhuria newspaper begins publication.
* 1956
** Cairo International Stadium opens.
** City master plan created.
* 1959
** Cairo Conservatoire opens.
** Academy of Arts (Egypt) and Cairo Symphony Orchestra founded.
** Arab Petroleum Congress meets in Cairo.
* 1961 – Cairo Tower built.
* 1963 – Cairo International Airport opens.
* 1964 – January: 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo) held.
* 1965 – Population: 3.3 million.
* 1966 – Cairo Opera Ballet Company founded.
* 1967 – Bab Moshé (Ibn Maimoun) Synagogue restored.
* 1968 – Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral built.
* 1969 – Cairo International Book Fair founded.
* 1970
** January: Israeli forces conduct aerial attacks near Cairo.
** September: 1970 Arab League summit held.
** Greater Cairo Master Plan created.
* 1972 – January: Student demonstration.
* 1974 – Population: 5,715,000.
* 1975
** January: Economic demonstration.
** Unknown Soldier Memorial (Egypt) inaugurated.
* 1976
** 1976 Arab League summit (Cairo).
** Cairo International Film Festival begins.
** British International School in Cairo established.
** Manor House School, Cairo opens.
* 1977 – January: Economic demonstration.
* 1978 – New Cairo British International School formed.
* 1979
** Egypt Today magazine begins publication.
** Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt established.
** Sister city relationships established with Frankfurt and Stuttgart, Germany.
* 1981
** 6 October: Assassination of Anwar Sadat.
** Sadat Academy for Management Sciences opens.
* 1982
** Saint Fatima School begins.
** Sister city relationship established with New York City, United States.
* 1984
** Master Plan for Greater Cairo approved.
** Arab Democratic Nasserist Party founded.
* 1985
** Child Museum opens.
** Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.
* 1986 – February: 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot occurs.
* 1987 – Cairo Metro Line 1 begins operating.
* 1988
** Cairo Opera House opens.
** Sister city relationship established with Istanbul, Turkey.
* 1989
** al-Hirafiyeen neighborhood built.
** Sister city relationship established with Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
* 1990
** The American International School in Egypt opens.
** Sister city relationship established with Beijing, China and Tokyo, Japan.
* 1991 – Al-Ahram Weekly begins publication.
* 1992
** Earthquake.
** Population: 6,800,000 (estimate).
* 1993
** Asyut–Cairo highway constructed.
** Sister city relationship established with Barcelona, Spain.
* 1995 – Dreamland development begins near city.
* 1996
** 6th October Bridge built.
** Cairo Metro Line 2 (Shoubra AlKheiman- AlMounieb) opened.
* 1997
** Aldiwan Arabic Language Center opens.
** Sister city relationship established with Xi'an, China and Seoul, South Korea.
* 1998 – Sister city relationships established with Houston, United States and Minsk, Belarus.

## 21st century
### 2000s

* 2001
** Misr American College established.
** Cairo 52 arrested.
* 2003 – El Sawy culturewheel built.
* 2004
** Al-masry Al-youm newspaper begins publication.
** Canadian International College established.
** Abdul Azim Wazir becomes governor of Cairo (approximate date).
* 2005
** April 2005 Cairo terrorist attacks
** British University in Egypt established.
** Al-Azhar Park built.
** El Fagr newspaper begins publication.
* 2006
** City government website online (approximate date).
** Al-Resalah television begins broadcasting.
* 2007
** City hosts 11th Pan Arab Games.
** 57357 Hospital established.
* 2008 – Youm 7 newspaper starts publication.
* 2009
** 2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing
** Cairo Jazz Festival begins.

### 2010s

* 2010 – Population: 7,248,671.
* 2011
** 25 January: Uprising against Mubarak regime begins.
** April: Abdel Qawi Khalifa becomes governor of Cairo.
* 2012
** Cairo Metro Line 3 (Imbaba / Mohandiseen – Cairo Int'l Airport) opened.
** Pope Shenouda III, head of Egyptian Coptic church, died.
** Protests against state president Mohamed Morsi.
* 2013
** Anti-Morsi protests.
** February: The first Iranian president, Ahmadinejad, to visit Egypt since 1979.
** April: Violence against Coptic after funeral.
** 3 July: 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.
** 8 July: "Egyptian soldiers fire on Morsi supporters protesting outside a military facility in Cairo, killing over 50."
** 14 August: "More than 600 people, mostly Morsi supporters, are killed when police clear two pro-Morsi sit-ins in Cairo."
** Air pollution in greater Cairo reaches annual mean of 76 PM2.5 and 179 PM10, much higher than recommended.
* 2017 – Population: 9,539,673 (urban agglomeration).

### 2020s

* 2021 – 2021 Cairo clothing factory fire