OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut

On December 15, 1981, the Iraqi Shi'a Islamist group al-Dawa carried out a suicide car bombing targeting the Iraqi embassy in Beirut, Lebanon. The explosion leveled the embassy and killed 61 people, including Iraq's ambassador to Lebanon, and injured at least 100 others.
The attack is considered by some to be the second modern suicide bombing, preceded by the 1927 Bath School bombings and presaged the 1983 United States embassy bombing and the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings.

## Background

Emboldened by the success of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the anti-Baathist Shi'a Islamist group al-Dawa, with financial and military assistance from the Islamic Republic of Iran, began to employ violence in its struggle against the Iraqi government. In 1979 and 1980, al-Dawa assassinated a number of "senior but low-profile" Baathist officials in Iraq. In response to a failed assassination attempt on Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz in April 1980 by al-Dawa, the Iraqi government launched a severe crackdown on the group, which included the execution of al-Dawa spiritual leader Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr.
The remaining al-Dawa leadership fled to Iran and the group became an "effective proxy" for the Iranian government against Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War, which broke out in September 1980.

## Bombing

On December 15, 1981, a car filled with approximately 100 kilograms of explosives was driven into Iraq's embassy building in Beirut by a suicide bomber. The ensuing explosion devastated the embassy, killed 61 people, including the Iraq ambassador, Abdul Razzak Lafta, and injured more than 100 others. Balqis al-Rawi, the Iraqi wife of Syrian poet Nizar Qabbani, who worked for the embassy's cultural section, was also killed in the attack.

## Impact

The attack, which presaged the 1983 United States embassy bombing and the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, is considered by some to be the first modern suicide bombing, though others nominate earlier attacks.

## Alternative attribution

Some sources attribute the bombing to Imad Mughniyeh instead.
# Paartha Gnabagam Illayo

Paartha Gnabagam Illayo was an Indian Tamil-language soap opera starring Kushboo Sundar, Seenu, Delhi Kumar, Dr. Sharmila, Mercury Sathya and Bharath Kalyan. It aired on Kalaignar TV from 5 March 2012 to 31 July 2014 on Monday through Thursday at 21:30PM (IST) and The show was shifted to 20:30PM (IST) time Slot for 472 Episodes. The show was produced by Avni Telemedia and director by N.Priyan. The Family series received positive feedback from viewers and was a huge hit.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Kushboo Sundar as Oviya
* "Tamil Padam" Seenu as Karthik
* Delhi Kumar

### Additional cast

* Dr. Sharmila
* Mercury Sathya
* Bharath Kalyan
* Sobhana
* T.R.Latha
* Rajya Lakshmi
* Ravikhirushna
* Sudha
* V.K.R.Raku
* Kavyavarshini
* Vijesh
* Harish Athithya
* Sruthi Retty
* Savithri Rajiv
* Sathiya
* Vaasu
* Muthukumar
* Sangeetha
* Astritha
* Varnika priyan
* Shwetha
* N.S. Madheswaran
* Viswanathan
* Muthukumar
* S. Vasu
* K. Natraj
* Ajay Siva
* Nithya Ravindran
* K.S. Muthukumar
* Minnal Deepa

## Music

The title track was composed by C. Sathya while the lyrics were written by Pa. Vijay and sung by Mathangi Jagdish and M. L. R. Karthikeyan.

### Soundtrack
## International broadcast

The Series was released on 5 March 2012 on Kalaignar TV. The Show was also broadcast internationally on Channel's international distribution. It airs in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, South East Asia, Middle East, Oceania, South Africa and Sub Saharan Africa on Kalaignar TV and also airs in United States, Canada, Europe on Kalaignar Ayngaran TV.
* This serial re-telecast on same Channel only on Singapore and Malaysia from December 2016, aired Monday to Friday at 6:30PM.
# Trenta, Bovec

Trenta (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Bovec in the traditional Gorizia region in western Slovenia.
It lies on the upper Soča River in the Gorizia region, the northern part of the Slovene Littoral, along the road from Bovec up to Vršič Pass. It encompasses the Trenta Valley and its side valleys within the Julian Alps, all part of Triglav National Park.
In the Middle Ages, the area south of the pass was ruled by the Patriarchs of Aquileia, later by the Republic of Venice, until the estates were incorporated into the Inner Austrian lands under the Habsburg emperor Maximilian I in 1509 and ruled within the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca. Trenta itself was settled in the 14th century; ironworks were documented in 1579.
A miners' church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary of Loreto, stands above the village on the way to Vršič Pass. It was erected in 1690 by the owners of the Trenta bloomeries, the Counts of Attems.
The Trenta Lodge information center of Triglav National Park and the Juliana Alpine Botanical Garden are located in Trenta.
# Ludwig Hörmann

Ludwig Hörmann (6 September 1918 – 19 June 2001) was a German cyclist. He won the German National Road Race in 1951 and 1952.

## Major results
### 1939

    1st Road race, National Amateur Road Championships

### 1942

    1st Road race, National Amateur Road Championships

### 1946

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 1950

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 1951

    1st Road race, National Road Championships
    1st Stage 14 Deutschland Tour

### 1952

    1st Road race, National Road Championships
    3rd Road race, UCI Road World Championships

### 1953

    1st Stage 4 Tour du Sud-Est
    3rd Grand Prix de Suisse (ITT)
# Kaitag Utsmiate

The Kaitag Utsmiate was a multiethnic feudal political entity in North Caucasus. The first mentions of it start appearing in chronicles from the 5th century, and it was eliminated in 1820 during Russian conquest of the Caucasus. The state's territories were spanning over Kaitag, Dakhaday and partially Segokala, Derbent, Kayakent districts of modern Dagestan.
# Caroline Winterer

Caroline Winterer is an American historian. She is the William Robertson Coe Professor of History and American Studies at Stanford University. She is also Professor, by courtesy, of Classics. From 2013 to 2019, she was Director of the Stanford Humanities Center. She received her B.A. from Pomona College and her Ph.D. from the University of Michigan.
Her expertise is American history before 1900, especially the history of ideas, political theory, and the history of science.

## Books

* How the New World Became Old: The Deep Time Revolution in America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2024.
* What America's Founders Learned from Antiquity. The Great Courses, 2024.
* Time in Maps: From the Age of Discovery to Our Digital Era .Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020. edited with Karen Wigen.
* American Enlightenments: Pursuing Happiness in the Age of Reason New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016, ISBN 0-3001-9257-6
* "What Was the American Enlightenment?" in The Worlds of American Intellectual History, eds. Joel Isaac, James Kloppenberg, and Jennifer Ratner-Rosenhagen, Oxford University Press, 2016 (ISBN forthcoming)
* The American Enlightenment: Treasures from the Stanford University Libraries (Stanford: Stanford University Libraries, 2011), ISBN 0-9112-2145-X
* The Mirror of Antiquity: American Women and the Classical Tradition, 1750-1900 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007; pb 2009), ISBN 0-8014-4163-3
* The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780-1910 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002; pb 2004), ISBN 0-8018-6799-1

## Awards

* American Ingenuity Award, Smithsonian Institution, for mapping the social network of Benjamin Franklin (2013)
# Israeli permit regime in the Gaza Strip

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The Israeli permit regime in the Gaza Strip is the legal regime that requires Palestinians in the Gaza Strip to obtain a number of separate permits from the military authorities of Israel, their occupiers from 1967 to 2005.
Israeli work permits allow pass holders to work in Israel or its occupied territories where wages are significantly higher than in Gaza, which has been under a blockade by Israel and Egypt since Islamist militant group Hamas has gained power in the region.
Israeli authorities, including the Ministry of Defense, view the scheme as a means of keeping peaceful relations; critics view the scheme as a form of coercive control. Israel also operates a similar permit regime in the West Bank. The Associated Press notes that this is used for leverage by Israel, who know that the violent actions of Hamas are going to be blamed for Gazans losing their work permits.

## History

When Hamas seized power of the Gaza Strip in 2007, 120,000 Gazans who worked inside Israel had their passes revoked. In recent years, Israel has allowed thousands of Gaza Palestinians to work within its borders. In 2021, 7,000 Gazans held Israeli work or trade permits. In 2022, the permit quota was raised to 17,000, with a planned increase to 20,000. The wages earned in Israel are significantly higher than what’s available within Gaza. For example, one permit holder mentioned that one month of work in Israel equals three years of work in Gaza. In September 2023, approximately 18,000 Gazans had Israeli work permits, which provided a cash injection of $2 million a day to Gaza's economy.
Following the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel and subsequent armed conflict between Israel and Hamas, Gazans in Israel on work permits were unable to return to Gaza after they were revoked by Israeli authorities. Some were detained by the Israel Defense Force (IDF) or other Israeli authorities in the West Bank while others were deported to that territory.
# Daniel Cardon de Lichtbuer

Daniel, Baron Cardon de Lichtbuer (16 November 1930 – 26 July 2022) was a Belgian businessman, mainly active in the Belgian banking sector.

## Education

He obtained a PhD degree in law (1953) and an MBA degree (1955) from the Catholic University of Louvain.

## Career

Cardon started his career as an assistant to the dean of the School of Business administration at the University of Louvain 1955/1958. In 1958 he joined the European Commission in Brussels as one of their first international civil servants. From 1960 to 1967 he was head of the staff of Albert Coppé, vice-president of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community and from 1967 to 1973 he was head of the Cabinet of the Belgian European Commissioner. In 1973 he received the title of honorary director general of the European Commission. He started his banking career at the Bank Brussels Lambert in 1973, where he became president and CEO in 1992 and upon his retirement in 1996 was made honorary president. He was also chairman of the board of Nationale Suisse Belgium (insurance) and vice president of Bank Liechtenstein. He had been the president of the Association of the Belgian Bankers, vice president of the Belgian Employers Federation, chairman of the board of Thomas Cook Traveller Cheques, president of the European Financial Marketing Association (Paris) and member of the board of AVIS Europe (London).
Besides his professional activities, he was also executive president of Europa Nostra, the Federation of the European Heritage Organisations, and was the honorary executive president and president of the Royal Historic Houses & Gardens Association of Belgium and governor of the European Historic Houses Association.
Cardon was the honorary president of the European League for Economic Cooperation (ELEC), and had been vice president of the European Movement. He was a member of the business club Cercle de Lorraine.

## Philanthropy

Cardon was a member, and former chairman, of the board of directors of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC), a global nonprofit organization that combats child sexual exploitation, child pornography, and child abduction.
In July 1997, Daniel Cardon de Lichtbuer became the first chairman of Child Focus (the Belgian Center for Missing and Sexually Exploited Children) and was president founder of Missing Children Europe.

## Honors

In 1998 Cardon was ennobled as Baron by King Albert II. He was also Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium), Officer of the Order of Leopold II, Knight of the Order of Léopold, and Officer of the Italian Order of Merit. Furthermore, he was a member of the Royal Academy of Economic and Financial Sciences of Spain and was recipient of the Hope Award 2003 for Global Vision (U.S.).
# 1962 French legislative election in the Comoros

Elections to the French National Assembly were held in the Comoros on 18 November 1962. The result was a victory for the List for the French Republic, which won both seats. The seats were taken by Saïd Ibrahim Ben Ali and Mohamed Ahmed.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | List for the Fifth Republic | 73,934 | 100.00 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 73,934 | 100.00 | 2 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 73,934 | 99.92 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 56 | 0.08 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 73,990 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 82,504 | 89.68 | | |
| Source: Sternberger et al. ||||||
# Clive Shell

Clive Shell (9 September 1947 – 6 January 2012) was a Welsh international rugby union player. Shell made his debut for the Wales national rugby union team on 10 November 1973 against Australia where he kissed the ball on his first touch while putting the ball into a scrum. A scrum-half, he played club rugby for Aberavon RFC.
Shell was one of several scrum halves of that era who were in competition with Gareth Edwards for a place in the Welsh side. Although the Australia encounter was his one and only cap, Shell played for Wales against Tonga (1974). In 1977, during a Welsh Cup semi-final, Shell received a broken jaw playing against Edwards and Cardiff RFC.
Shell formed a club half-back partnership with John Bevan who was also capped by Wales. He captained Aberavon RFC in the seasons of 1977–78, 1978–79 and 1979–80 before retiring.
A school teacher by profession, Shell coached Aberavon during the early 1980s. Shell's death was announced on 6 January 2012.
# Zion Square refrigerator bombing

The Zion Square refrigerator bombing was a terrorist attack carried out in Zion Square, Jerusalem, Israel on July 4, 1975. A Palestinian terrorist exploded a booby-trapped refrigerator which contained 5 kilograms (11 lb) of explosives inside an appliance store, killing 15 civilians and wounding 77.

## The attack

A Jewish passerby, Shabtai Levi, helped a Palestinian man bring a booby-trapped refrigerator into an appliance store at Zion Square in the center of Jerusalem. The refrigerator aroused the suspicions of Esther Landner and Yehuda Warshovsky, who worked near Zion Square. Landner called the police but as she was answering their questions, the refrigerator blew up.

### Fatalities

Among the dead were Rivka ("Ribbie") (née Soifer) Ben-Yitzhak, 35, an American citizen, and her husband, Michael, who left behind two small children. The Ben-Yitzhak Award, presented annually to an outstanding children's book illustrator by the Israel Museum, was established in their memory. Daoud Khoury, an Arab accountant at the King David Hotel, was also killed in the attack.

## Perpetrators

Palestinian militant group PLO claimed responsibility for the attack. Later on it was revealed that the attack was executed by the Arab-American Ahmed Jabara, aka Abu Sukar, who originated from Turmus Ayya. Jabara was assisted by Bassem Tabila of Nablus, who fled to Jordan before he could be arrested.
Following an investigation by Shin Bet and the Israel Police, Jabara was arrested and put on trial before a military court in June 1977. He was convicted and sentenced to life in prison and an additional 30 years.
In 2003, Ahmed Jabara was released from prison after having served 27 years, as a gesture of the Israeli government toward Yasser Arafat. Shortly after his release, Jabara called for the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers at a rally in Bethlehem that was widely covered by the Palestinian media. Arafat subsequently appointed him adviser on prisoner affairs. Jabara died of a heart attack in Ramallah on July 17, 2013, at age 78.
# Southern Pacific class AC-7

Southern Pacific Railroad's AC-7 class of cab forward steam locomotives was the fourth class of the 4-8-8-2 locomotives purchased by Southern Pacific (SP). The locomotives were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works and shared many of the same characteristics of previous AC class locomotives.
The AC-7s were only slightly larger than their AC-6 predecessors, but they included larger tenders and a beveled cab front in contrast to the earlier classes' flat cab front. In the early 1940s, the majority of the class received larger cab windows of a design that would become standard with the AC-8 class.
In April 1937, locomotive number 4162 was pulled aside for a series of publicity photos at SP's Sacramento, California, shops. It was posed alongside the railroad's first locomotive, C. P. Huntington a diminutive 4-2-4T, especially when compared to 4162.
The AC-7 class locomotives were all removed from active service between 1954 and 1958, and they were all scrapped shortly after their removal from service. The first to be scrapped was 4155 on November 26, 1954, while the last was 4172 on April 24, 1959.
# Southern Pacific class AC-11

Southern Pacific Railroad's AC-11 class of cab forward steam locomotives was the seventh class of 4-8-8-2 locomotives ordered by Southern Pacific (SP) from Baldwin Locomotive Works; SP was so pleased with the AC-10 class built a year earlier that the railroad began placing orders for AC-11s while the AC-10s were still being built and delivered. They were built between November 1942 and April 1943, closely resembling the AC-10s.
The first AC-11, number 4245, entered service on November 24, 1942, and the last, 4274, on May 9, 1943. SP used these locomotives for between 12 and 15 years, with the last retirements from this class occurring on September 24, 1958. Shortly after their retirement, the AC-11s were scrapped, with the last, number 4274, in April of 1959, after pulling a farewell excursion over the cab forward's former stomping ground, Donner Pass.
# Freiston Shore

Freiston Shore is a settlement in the Borough of Boston, in Lincolnshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Freiston, and approximately 4 miles (6 km) east from Boston.

## History

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Freiston's sandy shore on The Wash was developed as a sea bathing resort. By the mid-19th century there were horse races and other attractions on the beach. However, the process of coastal accretion caused a salt marsh to develop, leaving hotels without customers. Since the mid-20th century, more marsh has been enclosed behind sea banks for use as arable land.
During the Second World War, defences were constructed around Freiston Shore as a part of British anti-invasion preparations of World War II. A number of pillboxes, gun emplacements and coastal lights were constructed. The remains of these fortifications can be seen today including a Ruck machine gun post, of a type once widespread in Lincolnshire.
Following the Second World War, land reclamation led to the village becoming inland by about half a mile. The original sea bank, with its pillboxes and some of the Freiston shore light railway, can still be seen. A direct path from the village to the marsh on The Wash still exists.

### Sea defence policy

In 2000 the process of land reclamation was reversed when part of the sea bank was deliberately breached, and the land behind opened to the tides as part of a policy of managed realignment. This took the pressure off the remaining sea defences with the aim of prolonging their life, while 66 hectares (0.7 km$^2$) of tidal salt marsh was re-established to help soak up wave energy, this acting as a further sea defence.

## Nature conservation

This new marsh, together with another, designed to be managed as a brackish marsh with lagoons, now forms an RSPB reserve. Freiston Shore is home to pied avocets, common redshanks, ringed plovers, northern wheatears and marsh harriers in spring and summer. In the autumn and winter migrating waders such as common redshanks, ruddy turnstones, dunlins, and waterfowl such as dark-bellied brent goose and Eurasian wigeon, can be seen.
# Wyndham, New South Wales

Wyndham is a village located 519 km (322 mi) south of Sydney, on the far south coast of New South Wales, Australia in the Bega Valley Shire. At the 2016 census, Wyndham had a population of 386. It had grown to 418 at the 2021 census.
Neighbouring towns are Bega, Merimbula, Pambula, Candelo and Bombala.

## Facilities

Wyndham General Store (also Post Office, service station, cafe), Wyndham primary school, Wyndham School of Arts Hall, Uniting Church Hall, Sports Ground, Stringy bark centre, Ultraviolet treated water.

## Surrounds

Wyndham has a stunning backdrop of Jingera rock, a sheer granite rock face.

## Events

School of Arts Hall Wyndham Village Markets, annual art show, annual ballet performance, ballet lessons
Stringy Bark Centre yoga classes, massage and natural therapies

## Wyndham Village Markets

Wyndham Village Markets are held on the fourth Sunday of each month in the School Of Arts Hall, with a range of crafts, foods, and often tools.
# Kristel Lisberg

'Kristel Lisberg is a Faroese-Danish singer, songwriter and optometrist. She currently lives in Denmark where she rose to fame after participating in the Danish version of X Factor. In 2014 she released the single "Without You", and in 2015 the follow-up single "September". She participated in Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2016, the Danish national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Who Needs a Heart?".
Kristel started performing at an early age together with her father Jens Lisberg, who is a well-known Faroese country singer.

## Discography
### Extended plays

* 2003 – Ain't No Love

### Singles

* 2003 – "Ain't No Love"
* 2011 – "In the Lights"
* 2014 – "Without You"
* 2015 – "September"
* 2016 – "Who Needs a Heart"
* 2020 – "Contagious"
* 2020 – "I Only Want You"
* 2021 – "Stars in the Summer Night" (nebenGesjæft feat. Kristel Lisberg)
* 2022 – "It's Killing Me"

## Honours

* 2015 – Nominated for the Faroese Music Awards in the category Best female singer
* 2012 – Nominated for the Planet Awards in the category Best new artist/band