OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gajendrasinh Parmar

Gajendrasinh Parmar (born 24 November 1978) is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly representing the Bharatiya Janata Party from Prantij Assembly constituency in Sabarkantha District. He won the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election.

## Education

Parmar graduated with a B.A. (Hindi) from Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan in 2010.

## Career

Parmar first became an MLA winning the Prantij Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election defeating Mahendrasinh Kacharsinh Baraiya of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 2,551. He retained the seat in the 2022 Assembly election. He also served as a director of the S.K district bank in Himatnagar.
# Desiré Ollo

Desiré Ollo (born 8 May 1965) is a Gabonese boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Renato Rezende

Renato Rezende (born 28 February 1991) is a Brazilian racing cyclist who represents Brazil in BMX racing. He represented Brazil at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's BMX event.
He represented Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Éric Barone

Éric Barone (born 4 November 1960 in Oyonnax, France) is a French cyclist. He holds the world downhill speed record for bicycle, on both snow and gravel. On snow, his downhill speed record is 227.720 kilometres per hour (141.499 mph) achieved on 18 March 2017, on the speed snow track at Vars, France while on gravel his downhill speed record is 172 kilometres per hour (107 mph), achieved at the Cerro Negro volcano, in Nicaragua. His French nickname is "Baron Rouge", which means Red Baron.

## Early career highlights

After some initial jobs, including acting as stunt double of actors Sylvester Stallone, Jean-Claude Van Damme and Adrian Paul, at 34 he started trying to achieve speed records on a bicycle. Barone achieved the downhill record on snow in 1994, beating the previous record by Christian Taillefer. He broke the record again in 1999 and on 21 April 2000, when he reached 222 kilometres per hour (138 mph) at Les Arcs ski resort, France, using an aerodynamic prototype bicycle, helmet and clothing.
In 1999 he reached 118 kilometres per hour (73 mph) on gravel in Hawaii. After that, his goal was to show he could be faster on gravel. He discovered the Cerro Negro volcano in Nicaragua. Its clean slopes and soft volcanic ash were ideal.

## Record setting

In November 2001, he descended that volcano at 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph), beating his previous record achieved in Hawaii. Barone believed he could do more, and decided to try again some time later. On 12 May 2002, he reached 163 kilometres per hour (101 mph) on his first attempt, on a serial production bicycle. A few minutes later, he descended again, on a prototype bicycle. He rode 400 metres (1,300 ft), and just after the computers had registered 172 kilometres per hour (107 mph), the bike sharply entered a section of the hill with a lower gradient, causing the front bicycle fork to break off, and the bicycle and rider to crash hard and tumble down the hill at high speed. The helmet saved his life, but he had several broken ribs and other injuries. Barone said he would never descend again at the Cerro Negro, but announced he was willing to beat again the record on snow in the future. The record using a serial production bicycle on gravel was beaten in 2011, when Markus Stöckl reached 164.95 kilometres per hour (102.50 mph) on a volcano in Nicaragua. The prototype bicycle record, on gravel, still belongs to Barone.
During his career, Barone has descended the slopes of Mount Fuji in Japan, Mauna Kea and Kilauea in Hawaii, Etna and Stromboli in Sicily, the Nevado de Toluca in Mexico, and 20 volcanoes in Nicaragua.

## Other work

After his records, Barone has worked attracting tourists who want to discover the Volcano route and other sites in Nicaragua.
# 1947 Kamoke train massacre

The 1947 Kamoke train massacre was an attack on a refugee train and subsequent massacre of Hindu and Sikh refugees by a Muslim mob at Kamoke, Pakistan on 24 September 1947 following the partition of India. The train was carrying around 3,000-3,500 refugees from West Punjab and was attacked 25 miles from Lahore by a mob of thousands of Muslims. Figures for the number of people killed vary, with West Punjab officials reporting figures of around 400 and East Punjab-based reports suggesting thousands of casualties. Additionally, around 600 female refugees were abducted by the attackers. Local railway officials, Muslim League National Guards and local goons aided and participated in the massacre and the subsequent abductions of the surviving female refugees.

## Massacre

A train carrying Hindu and Sikh refugees from West Punjab was headed for India. Most of the refugees had been placed in open livestock wagons. The train was halted for the night, apparently due to damage to the track. Muslim gangs were seen roaming around the train through the night, and by morning a large mob of Muslims gathered outside the train. The train was attacked at noon and the refugees were killed. Young women and girls were abducted by the attackers. The attack is reported to have lasted 40 minutes. The Muslim attackers are reported to have attacked the train from the back. The troops which were escorting the train, consisting of 13 Hindu and 8 Muslim soldiers — reportedly fired upon the attackers and killed 78 of them. The train was reportedly taken to Gujranwala after the massacre so that the injured could be treated at a hospital.

### Casualties

Initial reports put the number of dead at 340 and that of wounded at 250 as announced by the West Punjab government. In reports appearing a week from the incident, The Tribune reported that only 150 people had survived out of a total 3,500 refugees, suggesting a much higher death toll. G.D. Khosla states that “almost the entire body of passengers was killed”, and around 600 women and girls were abducted. A report by Pakistan's Punjab police put the figure of dead at 408, with an additional 587 injured. It also reported “a large number” of female refugees abducted.
# Pabitra Margherita

Pabitra Margherita is an Indian politician. He is currently serving as a Minister of State for External Affairs and also as a Minister of State for the Ministry of Textiles in the Modi Government's third term.

## Political career

Margherita is a Member of Parliament (since March 2022), representing Assam in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He joined politics in 2014 and became an active member of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is serving as a Spokesperson of Assam BJP since 2014. He also served as Prabhari of Social Media Cell, Assam BJP and Zila Prabhari of Kamrup (North) District BJP. He also served as Chairman of Jyoti Chitraban, Govt. of Assam from 2017 to 2021. He also served as Member Secretary of State Level Advisory Committee for Students and Youth Welfare, Govt. of Assam from November 2021 to March 2022.
Currently he is a member of Consultative Committee of Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. as well as he served as Political Secretary to Chief Minister of Assam. Pabitra Margherita took oath as cabinet minister of states in Third Modi Ministry. He is Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles.

## Acting career

His career began as an anchor and an actor. His first film was Tumi Mur Mathu Mur with co-star and director Zubeen Garg. His other films are Junbai, Hero and Mon Jaai, which is one of his biggest hit films of all time in Assamese language.

## Filmography

As an actor :
| Year | Film | Roles | Director | Language(s) |
| 2000 | Tumi Mor Matho Mor | Arunabh | Zubeen Garg | Assamese |
| 2005 | Junbai | | Rajesh Bhuyan | Assamese |
| 2006 | Hero | Pabitra Gogoi | Rajesh Bhuyan | Bengali |
| 2008 | Mon Jaai | Nayan | M. Maniram | Assamese |

## Discography
### As spoken vocals

Films :
| Year | Film(s) | Director | Music Director |
| 2004 | Dinabandhu | Munin Barua | Zubeen Garg |
| 2005 | Junbai | Rajesh Bhuyan | Manas Robin |
| 2006 | Junbai Dwitiya | Rajesh Bhuyan | Manas Robin |
| 2006 | Hero | Rajesh Bhuyan | Manas Robin |
Non-films :
| Year | Album(s) | Artist(s) |
| 2001 | Hiyamon | Zubeen Garg, Babita Sharma |
| 2003 | Sinaki Mon | Zubeen Garg |
| 2004 | Lajuki Mon | Subasana Dutta |
| 2004 | Jantra | Zubeen Garg |
| 2005 | Sinaki Xur | Zubeen Garg |
| 2006 | It's All About Love | Sagarika |
| 2006 | It's Me | Anaida |
| 2006 | Mukha | Zubeen Garg |
| 2008 | Ponkhi | Zubeen Garg, Ponkhi, Bijoy Kashyap |
# Hans Caspar von Bothmer

Johann Caspar Graf von Bothmer (also called Hans Caspar Graf von Bothmer; 1656–1732) was a Hanoverian diplomat and politician. He is most notable for his time spent in Britain after 1701, when he served as an advisor to several British monarchs.

## Early career

Bothmer was a member of the household Sophia Dorothea, wife of George the son and heir of the Ernest Augustus, Duke of Hanover while George was taking part in the Siege of Vienna in 1683. He rose in the service of the family, elevated after 1692 from Dukes to Electors of Hanover, performing a series of diplomatic missions. and in 1701 he was appointed as the Hanoverian envoy in London. The Act of Settlement established that following Queen Anne, the crown should pass to her nearest Protestant relations. This meant the distant Hanoverian branch of the family rather than her Catholic half-brother James Stuart, the Jacobite claimant. He was appointed an Imperial Baron in 1696, and was known in London as Baron von Bothmer even after he was elevated to the title of Imperial Count in 1713.

## Envoy in London

He grew to be a confidante of the British Queen Anne, and after her death in 1714, he spent his time burning her secret correspondence so that it would not fall into the hands of her enemies. He was by this time a popular figure in British political society, and counted both Tories and Whigs amongst his friends.

## Hanoverian Succession

In 1714, he was instrumental in securing the succession of the Hanoverian King George I to the throne, rather than the rival Jacobite claimant James III & VIII who possessed an arguably stronger blood claim. In spite of this, he experienced a surprisingly turbulent relationship with the new King, and for a while he fell out of favour. In these years, he conspired with Robert Walpole, a British politician, who had also been excluded from power. In 1719 he was one of the original backers of the Royal Academy of Music, establishing a London opera company which commissioned numerous works from Handel, Bononcini and others.
He lived at 10 Downing Street from 1720 to his death in 1732 after which it was taken over by Robert Walpole, and became the residence of future British Prime Ministers.
# Puketoi Wind Farm

The Puketoi Wind Farm is a proposed wind farm project in the Tararua District of New Zealand. The project is planned by Mercury Energy.

## History

Mercury Energy (then known as Mighty River Power) applied for resource consent for the project in August 2011. Consent for 53 turbines and a transmission line was granted in June 2012. Three appeals against the project were withdrawn in June 2013. Mighty River said they did not expect to begin construction for three to five years. The consent lapses in 2023.
In March 2019 Mercury announced that development of the nearby Turitea Wind Farm would support the future development of Puketoi. In March 2021 Mercury had no estimated completion date for the project. In March 2023 that the resource consent had been extended until 2031 and that the allowed turbine blade diameter had been increased.

## Location

The proposed site is in the Puketoi Ranges, approximately 40km south of Dannevirke. The site will be connected to Mercury's existing Turitea Wind Farm with a 220 kV transmission line.
# Subsistence crisis

A subsistence crisis affects individuals or communities unable to obtain basic necessities due to either man-made or natural factors such as inflation, drought or war. Severe subsistence crises are considered famines. While John Meuvret first coined the term in France in 1946, economic historian Pierre Goubert popularized the concept during the 1960s with his study of economic inequality and mortality in Beauvais 1709–10. A Subsistence crisis is a extreme situation where basic needs of livelihood are endangered. Subsistence crises affect individuals or communities unable to obtain basic necessities due to either man-made or natural factors such as inflation, drought or war.

## Historical Subsistence Crises

| Date | Name | Location | Causes |
| 1709–10 | | France | |
| 1788–89 | | France | • Crop failure • Grain shortage |
| 1921-23 | Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic | Germany | • Post-war debt • Creation of money to offset debt • Rapid inflation |
| 1816 | The Year Without a Summer | Northern Hemisphere | • Decreased global temperatures from severe climate abnormalities brought on by volcanic eruptions. |
| 1845-49 | The Great Irish Potato Famine | Ireland | • Over-reliance of the Irish population on the potato crop. • A disease called blight being accidentally transported on ships from America |
| 2016-present | Hyperinflation in Venezuela | Venezuela | • Oil-based, non-diversified economy • Sudden drop in price of oil in 2016 • Continued ame spending practices as before decrease in oil prices • Creation of money to offset debt • Hyperinflation |
# Monte Sarmiento

Monte Sarmiento is a pyramidal peak with a glaciated saddle-shaped summit located within Alberto de Agostini National Park, in the Chilean portion of Tierra del Fuego. It rises abruptly from the east shore of the Magdalena Channel and marks the western border of the Cordillera Darwin. The mountain is frequently shrouded in clouds, but when it is visible is "the most sublime spectacle in Tierra del Fuego" according to the words of Charles Darwin, one of the many people who have been captivated by the beauty of this mountain.

## History

The mountain was called "Volcán Nevado" (Snowy Volcano) by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, who thought it was a volcano. Phillip Parker King named it Mount Sarmiento in honor of the mentioned explorer.
Several unsuccessful attempts were made to reach its summit, including those of Martin Conway in 1898 and of Alberto María de Agostini in 1913.

## 20th century

The eastern summit of Monte Sarmiento was climbed on 7 March 1956 by an expedition including the Italian mountaineers Clemente Gueret and Carlo Mauri. It was organized by Padre Alberto Maria De Agostini. The West Summit was climbed on 24 December 1986 by an Italian expedition of Ragni di Lecco including Gigi Alippi, Salvatore Panzeri, Lorenzo Mazzoleni, Pinuccio Castelnuovo, Bruno Pennati, Clemente Maffei, Gian Maria Confalonieri, Franco Baravalle, Salvatore Fantozzi e Luciano Bovina. This expedition opened a new route on the North Face. The west summit of Monte Sarmiento was climbed in 1995 by a party including the British mountaineers Stephen Venables, John Roskelley and Tim Macartney-Snape. (Source: Ollie, by Stephen Venables). A German team composed of Robert Jasper, Jörn Heller and Ralf Gantzhorn, climbed the North Face to the western summit on April 4, 2010. This team followed the route opened in 1986.

## In literature

The mountain is mentioned in the novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas and Robur the Conqueror, both by Jules Verne, and in This Thing of Darkness by Harry Thompson.

## In cinema

An attempt to climb the mountain in 2003 is the subject of the Brazilian documentary film Extremo sul.
# Luc Villalonga

Luc Villalonga (born June 9, 1970) is a French professional football player. Currently, he plays in the Championnat de France amateur for RCO Agde.
He played on the professional level in Ligue 2 for FC Sète.
# Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives (PHRP) is a peer-reviewed open access journal published bimonthly. It is published by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). PHRP covers articles mostly in the areas of public health, putting emphasis on emerging infectious disease, vaccinology, zoonotic disease, intractable and rare diseases, etc. The journal is indexed by Pubmed Central, Scopus, DOAJ and KCI.

## History

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives was found in 2010 by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (currently Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is currently indexed in Pubmed Central, Scopus, DOAJ KCI, and ESCI.
# Mohamed Mustafa (footballer, born 1996)

Muhamed Mustafa Muhamed Ahmed (Arabic: مُحَمَّد مُصْطَفَى مُحَمَّد أَحْمَد; born 19 February 1996) is a Sudanese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Al-Merrikh SC and the Sudan national football team.
# Siege of Stralsund (1678)

The siege of Stralsund was an armed engagement between the Electorate of Brandenburg and the Swedish Empire from 20 September to 15 October 1678, during the Scanian War. After two days of bombardment on 10 and 11 October, the severely devastated Swedish fortress of Stralsund surrendered to the Brandenburgers. The remainder of Swedish Pomerania was taken by the end of the year, yet most of the province including Stralsund was returned to Sweden by the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and the Peace of Lund, both concluded in 1679.

## Prelude

The Scanian War reached Swedish Pomerania when after the Battle of Fehrbellin (1675) the retreating Swedish forces were pursued by a Brandenburgian army under "Great Elector" Frederick William I's command. Stralsund was one of only two major fortresses Sweden maintained in Pomerania, the other one being Stettin. After the Brandenburgian army had captured Stettin and Wolgast, Stralsund was seriously threatened. In addition, Danish forces had landed on Rügen in 1677, aided by a disloyal Rugian noble.
Thus, all buildings outside the fortifications were levelled in 1677 to strip an imminent Brandenburgian attack of cover. Stralsund then held a population of 8,500, including armed burghers, and close to 5,000 Swedish, German and Finnish foot and horse.

## Siege

Frederick William I positioned his artillery south of the town and started bombardment on 10 October 1678. His aim was to force Swedish commander Otto Wilhelm von Königsmarck into surrender by abundantly firing incendiary bombs on the burghers' mansions. The small, newly created Brandenburgian navy also took part in the siege.
Most of the southern half of the town was destroyed when the defendants surrendered the town on 11 October, namely 285 houses, 476 huts, and 194 servant dwellings.

## Aftermath

Despite great efforts of Frederick William I to win the loyalty of the Swedish Pomeranian population, including generous aid programs to rebuild Stralsund and Stettin, most remained loyal to Sweden. After the fall of Stralsund, there were only few Swedish-held areas left in Swedish Pomerania, all of which Frederick William I had cleared by the end of 1678.
Stralsund was returned to Sweden in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679). Due to the devastating bombardment of 1678, as well as another fire on 12 June 1680, the population was reduced to about 6,000, with an additional 2,000 garrisoned Swedes. After the 1680 fire destroyed an additional 48 houses, 89 huts, and 82 servant dwellings, only 205 houses, 408 huts, and 158 servant dwellings were still standing.
# Tajikistan Airlines Flight 3183

Tajikistan Airlines Flight 3183 was a Tupolev Tu-154B-1 that crashed on 15 December 1997 on approach to Sharjah Airport in the United Arab Emirates. There was a sole survivor, the navigator, from a crew of seven and seventy-nine passengers. Investigators determined the cause of the accident was pilot error leading to controlled flight into terrain.

## Accident

The aircraft departed from Khujand Airport in the afternoon of 15 December 1997. Upon entering the airspace of the Emirate of Sharjah, the aircraft began to descend, experiencing turbulence on the way down. Preparing for final approach, the crew did not notice they were too low, and the aircraft crashed into the desert approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of Sharjah Airport. All 79 passengers were killed (although one survived the crash, only to later die in hospital) as well as 6 of the 7 crew members. The sole survivor was identified as the flight navigator, 37-year-old Sergei Petrov.

### Cause

The International Civil Aviation Organization suggested the probable cause was "The pilot descended below the assigned altitude and unintentionally continued a descent into terrain. Contributing factors were self-induced stress, slight turbulence and non-adherence to operating procedures". The president of the Tajikistan State Air Company, who had chartered the flight, claimed that an explosion had taken place on the aircraft prior to the crash, but there was no evidence to support this.

## Aftermath

The President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, offered condolences to his Tajik counterpart Emomali Rahmon after the crash. All 85 victims except one (from Kerman, Iran) were from Khujand; the coffins were flown back there for burial. As many as 3,000 people gathered in the main square of Khujand for the mourning, while Tajik Prime Minister, Yahyo Azimov, spoke of "a dreadful tragedy". Nineteen (including 18 Tajiks and one Iranian) of the bodies were severely damaged and could not be identified; they were subsequently buried in a mass grave near Dushanbe International Airport.
# Wakulla Volcano

The Wakulla Volcano was the name given to a prominent column of smoke, sometimes accompanied by bright light, seen coming from deep in the swamps of Wakulla County, Florida, from at least the Spanish occupation of Florida through 1886. The scientific assumption today is that the smoke came from a peat fire.
The first accounts of the smoke come from Seminoles living nearby, and by the 1830s, white settlers attributed the sight to campfires from white or Indian settlements, pirates, renegades, or a volcano. Over the years a number of folkloric explanations were given, along with plausibly naturalistic ones such as deep-burning peat fires. Several teams of investigators set out to solve the mystery during the late 19th century; the Smithsonian Institution holds correspondence from A. W. Barber between 1890 and 1894 concerning his experience there. Sightings occurred as far away as 20 miles, and were reported throughout much of the 19th century, but the phenomenon may have been visible much earlier; it has even been suggested that Wakulla, which may mean "mist" or "misting", received its name from the strange smoke. A number of explanations have been given, most famously that an active volcano stood out in the swamplands, but no one was able to locate the smoke's source before it disappeared forever on August 31, 1886, the day of the Charleston earthquake. Although a number of people have claimed to have found the crater of origin, modern geologists are quite certain no volcano could exist in Florida.