OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beldorney Castle

Beldorney Castle is a Z-plan castle dating from the mid-16th century, about two miles south of Glass, in hilly country in the valley of the Deveron, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Alternative names are Beldornie, Beldornay and Beldorny.

## History

The property, one of the earliest Z-plan castles in the North-East, has been owned by members of the Ogilvy, Gordon, Lyon, Buchan and Grant families.
In 1545 George Gordon purchased the land from the Earl of Huntly, and the castle was built before he died in 1575. Two wings were built to the west in 1679, while the original entrance was replaced. The castle was acquired by Alexander Gordon in 1713, and he remodelled it, including first-floor rooms formed from the hall, which have since been removed. An interesting wall painting of a woman playing the lute was among paintings discovered during this restoration. The work included introducing bolection-moulded chimney pieces and coved ceilings.
Thomas Buchan of Auchmacoy bought the Beldorney estate in 1807 from Charles Gordon of Wardhouse, the last of the line of Gordons of Beldorney. Buchan sold the castle and estate to Sir William Grant, Master of the Rolls and MP for Banffshire. On his death it passed to his brother, Major John Grant of Dawlish, Devon.
In 1830 a north wing was added. Subsequently, there has been restoration work in 1890, remodelling other floors under the supervision of Alexander Marshall Mackenzie, and in the early 1980s.

## Structure

The main block of the castle lies north to south. At the north-west angle is a smaller square tower, which contains the main stair, named the Dog Tower, and having a dog finial.
At the south-east angle is a large drum tower, which has a rounded gable. The original entry was in the re-entrant angle with the square tower.
The basement, which contains a kitchen and two cellars, is vaulted. From one of the cellars – the wine cellar – a mural stair led to the hall. Fragments of the painting of the Hall ceiling survive. It appears that the second floor also had a hall and a tower room. There is a mural stair in the turret in the re-entrant angle of the south gable; this gave access to the second floor room and the third-floor watch room.
The two 1679 wings to the west enclose a courtyard, the entrance to which is an arched gateway, marked with the initials of John Gordon and Anne, and the date, on the inner side. It has renaissance detail, a semicircular tympanum above entablature with ball finials. The south wing is a single-storey high.
The replacement entrance, decorated with an ogee-headed panel containing a winged angel's head, is in the centre of the west face.
It is a category A listed building.
# Royal Sundaram General Insurance

Royal Sundaram General Insurance Co. Ltd. (formerly known as Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Company Limited), a subsidiary of Sundaram Finance Group, is the first private sector general insurance company in India to be licensed in October 2000 by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India.
The company was initially promoted as a joint venture between Sundaram Finance, one of the most respected non-banking financial institutions (NBFCs) in India and Royal & SunAlliance Insurance plc, UK, one of the oldest general insurers in the UK. In July 2015, Sundaram Finance acquired the 26% equity holding from Royal & SunAlliance Insurance plc. Consequently, the entire 100% equity holding is now held by Sundaram Finance (75.90%) and other Indian shareholders (24.10%).

## Awards and recognition

* 2014 Celent recognition for developing an intelligent claims management system to improve the productivity of the staff and increase customer satisfaction
* 2013 Celent recognition for having a Model Insurer Asia component in the area of Distribution/New Business
* 2011 Celent recognition for implementing a work flow enabled policy administration system with externalised engines
* Won the Information week Edge Award for several e-application implementation projects
# Amychus granulatus

Amychus granulatus, commonly known as the Cook Strait click beetle, is a large flightless click beetle in the family Elateridae.

## Description

Adult A. granulatus can be distinguished from other Amychus species by its wide and spreading prothorax and small round nodules on its elytra. Its size ranges from 16 to 22.5 mm. It has a flattened body shape and small vestigial wings. Click beetles are named due to their ability to make an audible click when on their back to jump into the air. However, Amychus do not have the ability to defend themselves in this way.

## Distribution

This species was discovered by the lighthouse keeper Andreas Sandager on North Brother Island in Cook Strait, and was described by Broun in 1881. It is currently only found on islands in the outer Marlborough Sounds in New Zealand; fragments of this beetle have been collected from the nest of the extinct Laughing owl in North Canterbury, indicating it once had a much larger former range. Islands that it has been collected from include the Brothers, Stephens Island, Middle and South Trio Island, Maud Island and Sentinel Rock. It has not been seen since 1957 on North Brother Island (its type locality) despite searches, and it is possible that it is now extinct there. The relict populations on Marlborough Sounds islands are probably due to the introduction of mammalian predators on the mainland.

## Ecology

The adult beetle has been collected from tree trunks including tawa, ngaio and taupata at night, and from under logs and rocks. Adult beetles have been observed feeding on sap oozing from tree trunks.

## Threats

The presence of five separate populations of the beetle on islands in the Outer Marlborough Sounds probably helps protect it against any immediate threat to its survival. However, some of these populations are in decline. In 1930, G.V. Hudson described the Cook Strait click beetle as "confined to the islands in Cook Strait, where it is abundant in crevices in the rocks and under logs and stones". Recent accounts describe it as now rare, despite little change in the vegetation over the past fifty years. A recent increase in the number of predatory tuatara may account for this. However tuatara scats, despite containing a rich range of invertebrate fauna, were not shown to contain the Cook Strait click beetle. It is thought that the lack of decomposing logs on Stephens Island may limit the population size there.

## Conservation

Since 1980 A. granulatus has been protected under the Wildlife Act 1953, making it illegal to collect or own specimens without a permit. Its conservation status is considered to be Relict and Conservation Dependent, as it only survives on islands that are maintained as rodent-free. Future conservation efforts, including any captive breeding programme, are impeded by the lack of knowledge of its basic biology, particularly the biology of its larvae. Providing artificial habitat to replace the lack of decomposing logs may assist this species and help with population monitoring.
# Nemotarsus rhombifer

Nemotarsus rhombifer is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Compagnie van Verre

The Compagnie van Verre (lit. 'long-distance company') was one of the forerunner companies that were later merged (united) into the Dutch East India Company.

## History

It was set up in 1594 by nine citizens of Amsterdam, to break Portugal's monopoly on the pepper trade. To do this, it sent an expedition of three heavily armed ships and a pinnace under the leadership of Cornelis de Houtman, with orders to break into the trade. (Cornelis' brother Frederik also worked for the company.)
On 2 April 1595 the ships set off from Texel, with 248 officers and men on board. The expedition (which became known as the Eerste schipvaart) followed the routes described by Jan Huygen van Linschoten after he had made the journey in the pay of the Portuguese. On 6 June 1596 the ships arrived at Bantam, the most important pepper port on Java. During the return trip, on 11 January 1597, Amsterdam was badly damaged and had to be left behind at the island of Bawean.
On 14 August 1597 the expedition arrived back in Amsterdam with only 87 survivors. The voyage was not a success commercially, but it proved that not only the Portuguese had the potential to trade in pepper.
In 1598 the Compagnie van Verre merged with the Nieuwe Compagnie and in 1597 with the Oude Compagnie. The resulting company then merged with the Nieuwe Brabantsche Compagnie in 1601 to form the Verenigde Amsterdamse Compagnie, which in turn merged with many other companies (including the Verenigde Zeeuwse Compagnie) in 1602 into the Dutch East India Company (VOC), retaining a room in the VOC's chambers in Amsterdam.
# Cuerda seca

Cuerda seca (Spanish for "dry cord") is a technique used when applying coloured glazes to ceramic surfaces.

## Description

When different coloured glazes are applied to a ceramic surface, the glazes have a tendency to run together during the firing process. In the cuerda seca technique, the water-soluble glazes are separated on the surface by thin lines of a greasy substance to prevent them running out of their delineated areas. A dark pigment such as manganese carbonate is usually mixed with the grease to produce a dark line around each coloured area.

## History

The origin of the technique is not known for certain. Many scholars believe that the cuerda seca technique originated primarily in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain and Portugal) in the second half of the 10th century, during the Umayyad period (citing Umayyad-era examples from Suza). Scholar Juan Zozaya argues that the advent of this style in al-Andalus could have been spurred by Chinese ceramics which were imported to the region from an early period. The technique was further advanced during the Taifas period in the 11th century. Preserved fragments of tiles from the late 12th-century minaret of the Kasbah Mosque in Marrakesh, Morocco, have been cited as the earliest surviving example of cuerda seca tilework being used for architectural decoration.
In Central Asia, tiles were manufactured using the cuerda seca technique from the second half of the 14th century. Hans Van Lemmen postulates that these tiles, from the Timurid period (late 14th to 15th centuries), were "earliest development of cuerda seca". The introduction of different coloured glazes is recorded in the mausoleums of the Shah-i-Zinda necropolis in Samarkand. In the 1360s the colours were restricted to white, turquoise and cobalt blue but by 1386 the palette had been expanded to include yellow, light-green and unglazed red. Large quantities of cuerda seca tiles were produced during the Timurid (1370–1507) and Safavid (1501–1736) periods.
In the 15th century Persian potters from Tabriz introduced the technique into Turkey and were responsible for decorating the Yeşil Mosque in Bursa (1419-1424). Within the Ottoman Empire cuerda seca tilework fell out of fashion in the 1550s and new imperial buildings were decorated with underglaze-painted tiles from İznik. The last building in Istanbul to include cuerda seca tilework was the Kara Ahmed Pasha Mosque which was designed in 1555 but only completed in 1572.

## Gallery

* Pitcher in cuerda seca style from Susa in Iran, 8th-9th century
* Cuerda seca tile from the Alcazar of Seville, 12th-13th century
* Tiles in the Green Mosque, Bursa, c. 1420
* Details of the Green Tomb in Bursa
* Tile from Khargird in Iran, mid 15th century
* Ottoman tile, Istanbul, first half 16th century
* Dish from Seville in Spain, early 16th century
# Civil Servants' Confederation

The Confederation of Greek Civil Servants' Trade Unions (Greek: Ανώτατη Διοίκηση Ενώσεων Δημοσίων Υπαλλήλων (ΑΔΕΔΥ), romanized: Anótati Dioíkisi Enóseon Dimosíon Ypallílon, ADEDY), was established in May 1926 under the name Civil Servants' Confederation.
Banned under the Metaxas regime, it began organizing covertly against the regime, as well as the subsequent Nazi Occupation during the Second World War. Officially reorganized after the Greek Civil War, ADEDY is a federation of public sector trade unions in Greece affiliated with the European Trade Union Confederation. ADEDY's private sector sister union is the General Confederation of Greek Workers.
ADEDY is non-partisan, and as such, not affiliated with any political party. Its leadership council is made up of figures from the conservative New Democracy, socialist SYRIZA, social democratic PASOK, the Communist Party of Greece, as well as the anti-capitalist ANT.AR.SY.A. The Communist Party of Greece's official union, the All-Workers Militant Front, has criticized ADEDY regarding the presence of New Democracy and other right-wing and centrist groups in their leadership.
# Walnut Creek (Flat Creek tributary)

Walnut Creek (also called Walnut Branch) is a tributary of Flat Creek in the U.S. state of Missouri, in Pettis County.
Walnut Creek was so named due to the walnut trees near its course.
# Saegis Campus

Saegis Campus, popularly known as Saegis, is a private educational institute in Sri Lanka. It delivers certificate, diploma, pre-university, undergraduate and postgraduate level programs. The institute is fully recognized as a degree-awarding institution by the Ministry of Higher Education of Sri Lanka. It has established a partnership with Canterbury Christ Church University in the United Kingdom.
# Virtual Planetary Laboratory

The Virtual Planetary Laboratory (VPL) is a virtual institute based at the University of Washington that studies how to detect exoplanetary habitability and their potential biosignatures. First formed in 2001, the VPL is part of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) and connects more than fifty researchers at twenty institutions together in an interdisciplinary effort. VPL is also part of the Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) network, with principal investigator Victoria Meadows leading the NExSS VPL team.

## Research
### Task A: Solar System Analogs for Extrasolar Planet Observations

The first task considers observations of the Solar System planets, moons, and the asteroid belt to explore processes necessary for habitable environments and for exoplanet model confirmation. Specifically, observations of Europa, Venus, Earth, Mars, and the asteroid belt have helped researchers in Task A address their goals.

### Task B: The Earth Through Time

Our only data point of a habitable planet today is Earth, although it has not always been habitable. The Early Earth serves as an example of an exoplanet. The VPL research has contributed to the understanding of our early planet. Task B combines geological and biological data with ecosystem and photo-chemical models to showcase how planet Earth has changed throughout its history.

### Task C: The Habitable Planet

This task uses observational data, models and orbital dynamics to explore the distribution of habitable worlds in the universe. The VPL team studies the effects of galactic, stellar, and planetary environments on planetary habitability.

### Task D: The Living Planet

Task D incorporates VPL researchers from diverse and interdisciplinary fields who use laboratory work combined with chemical and climate models to study the impact of life on its environment. In addition, the interactions between the biosphere, planet, and host star are explored to determine how they can influence detectable biosignatures.

### Task E: The Observer

In the final task, the VPL scientists observe the Solar System and extrasolar planets. The goal of this task is to develop astronomical and remote-sensing retrieval methods. In addition, VPL members use telescope and instrument simulators to study which measurements, observing strategies, and analysis techniques are necessary for the characterization of exoplanets.

## Models

1D Radiative Convective and Photochemical Models
Solar Flux Model
Habitable Zone Calculator

## Education & Outreach

Students
Teachers

## VPL in the News

February 2017 - Early Earth as a proxy for hazy exoplanets
August 2016 - Is Proxima Centauri b habitable?
# Monganstown

Monganstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of Killucan. The R446 road runs through the middle, with the Kinnegad River forming the border to the south. The town of Kinnegad is directly to the east of the townland.
# Nikolai Lebedev (actor)

Nikolai Sergeyevich Lebedev (Russian: Николай Сергеевич Лебедев; 15 December 1921 – 21 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian actor, People's Artist of Russia in 2018. A former soldier of the Red Army, he also fought in the Second World War, where he was captured by the Wehrmacht, during the Battle of Uman.

## Early life and career

Nikolai Sergeyevich Lebedev was born in Moscow on 15 December 1921. During the Great Patriotic War, he was drafted to the Red Army in April 1941, to fight as a private machine gunner. He was contused and captured by the Wehrmacht in July–August 1941, during the Battle of Uman. After his release by the enemy, he was tested by the Soviet counter-intelligence agency, SMERSH, and was ultimately cleared and let go. After the war, he acted at the Moscow Theater of the Young Spectator for two years until deciding to combine his studies and work, entering the Moscow Art Theatre School.
Lebedev graduated from the school in 1950, in the course of Viktor Stanitsyn. As it was known that he had been a prisoner during the war, Lebedev was banned from acting at the Moscow Art Theatre, despite both parties agreeing to it at first. Yuri Zavadsky introduced him to the Mossovet Theater instead, where Lebedev ultimately acted for more than 60 years.

## Personal life and death

Lebedev's wife, Anna Kasenkina, was also an actress. They lived together for more than half a century. Anna and Nikolai had no children together, although Kasenkina had a son from her first marriage, whom Lebedev raised as his own. After the death of Anna, he lived with his son's family.
Lebedev turned 100 in December 2021, and died on 21 August 2022.

## Selected filmography

Source:
* Normandie-Niemen [fr] (1959) as Colonel Sinitsyn
* Yevdokiya (1961) as Yevdokim
* Silence (1963) as episode
* Liberation (1971) as Sczyapan Krasoŭsky
* Eternal Call (1973) as Mitrofan Savelyev
* Earth and Sky Adventures (1974) as General Designer
* The Captivating Star of Happiness (1975)
* Air Crew (1980) as Professor of Medical Commission
* We Accuse [ru] (1985) as Dwight D. Eisenhower
* Vagrant Bus (1989) as episode
* King Lear (2006) as Doctor
# Silver Creek (Georgia)

Silver Creek is a stream in Floyd County and Polk County, Georgia, in the United States.
Silver Creek was so named on account of the silver mining in the area. The stream lends its name to the community of Silver Creek, Georgia.
# The Conspirators (band)

The Conspirators were a British northern indie / folk band. The band consisted of five members (as of 2008).
In 2008, the band signed a management deal with Jon Shellers Brilliant Management, and released the double A-side single featuring Judy Dyble, former Fairport Convention vocalist. (Who was also managed by Sheller). The single included a remake of Fairport Convention's song "One Sure Thing" and The Conspirators song "Take Me To Your Leader". It reached No.7 in the official uk indie singles chart, spending 3 weeks in the top 10.
The promotion for this single saw Dyble make a couple of very rare live appearances, at the Harrogate International Conference Centre, and at an in-store live gig at HMV's superstore in Leeds city centre on 3 March 2008.
In 2012 Conspirators released their debut album "What's Going On". The album featured guest performances from Dodgy lead guitarist Andy Miller, as well as Echobelly's Glenn Johansson. In 2017, most of the 2008 named members reformed under the new name The Doubtful Bottle.

## Members

* John Gillies - rhythm guitar/vocals
* Genevieve Parker - vocals
* Laura Goodacre - Drums
* Mike Cinnamond - Bass
* Jim Beadle - drums
* Nathan Reeve - bass
* Jim Gillies - keys
* Darren Banner - lead guitar
* Lee Potter - lead guitar (The Doubtful Bottle)
* Marco Ramsay - Bass (The Doubtful Bottle)
# Saïd Hireche

Saïd Hireche (born 27 May 1985) is a French-Algerian rugby union player who currently plays for CA Brive and is an Algerian international. He plays as a Flanker.
# Vasily Smirnov (writer)

Vasily Aleksandrovich Smirnov (Russian: Васи́лий Алекса́ндрович Смирно́в; 13 January [O.S. 31 December 1904] 1905, Sinitsyno, Myshkinsky Uyezd – 19 October 1979, Moscow) was a Soviet writer.
Having published his first work in 1924, Smirnov became a member of the CPSU in 1925. In 1960–1965, he was the editor-in-chief of the Druzhba Narodov magazine.
# Templum Domini

31°46′41″N 35°14′07″E﻿ / ﻿31.7781°N 35.2353°E﻿ / 31.7781; 35.2353
The Templum Domini (Vulgate translation of Hebrew: הֵיכָל יְהֹוָה "Temple of the Lord") was the name attributed by the Crusaders to the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It became an important symbol of Jerusalem, depicted on coins minted under the Catholic Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem.

## History

The Dome of the Rock was erected in the late 7th century under the 5th Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan at the site of the former Jewish Second Temple (or possibly added to an existing Byzantine building dating to the reign of Heraclius, 610–641). After the capture of Jerusalem in the First Crusade (1099), the Dome of the Rock was given into the care of Augustinian Canons Regular. At first, the rock around which the shrine had been built was left uncovered and the canons placed an altar on it. Later the rock was covered with white marble and an altar choir constructed upon it, a work that likely was completed only in 1140. In 1138 the Templum Domini was raised to the status of an abbey and on 1 April 1141, the church was dedicated solemnly by papal legate Alberic of Ostia, possibly to St. Mary.
The adjacent Al-Aqsa Mosque was called Templum Solomonis ("Temple of Solomon") by the Crusaders. It first became a royal palace. The image of the Dome, as representing the "Temple of Solomon", became an important iconographic element in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The seals of the kings of Jerusalem depicted the city symbolically by combining the Tower of David, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Dome of the Rock and the city walls.
After the completion of the purpose-built royal palace near the Jaffa Gate and to the south of the Tower of David, the king gave the building to the Catholic monastic-military order, the Knights Templar, who maintained it as their headquarters. The Dome was indicated on the reverse of the seals of the grand masters of the Knights Templar (such as Everard des Barres and Renaud de Vichiers), and it is possibly the architectural model for round Templar churches across Europe.
Although the adjacent Dome of the Ascension was constructed as a baptistry during the Crusader period, it has since remained in the hands of Islamic authorities as part of the larger complex of the Dome of the Rock. It turned back into a mosque after the crusaders.