OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Henry Simonton

Charles Henry Simonton (July 11, 1829 – April 25, 1904) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and of the United States Circuit Courts for the Fourth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina.

## Education and career

Born on July 11, 1829, in Charleston, South Carolina, Simonton graduated from South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) in 1849. He read law in 1851. He entered private practice in Charleston from 1851 to 1886. He was an assistant clerk for the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1851 to 1852. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1858 to 1862. He was a Colonel in the Confederate States Army from 1861 to 1865. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1865 to 1866, and from 1877 to 1886.

## Federal judicial service

Simonton received a recess appointment from President Grover Cleveland on September 3, 1886, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina vacated by Judge George Seabrook Bryan. He was nominated to the same position by President Cleveland on December 9, 1886. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 13, 1887, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on December 28, 1893, due to his elevation to the Fourth Circuit.
Simonton was nominated by President Cleveland on December 11, 1893, to a joint seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and the United States Circuit Courts for the Fourth Circuit vacated by Judge Hugh Lennox Bond. He was confirmed by the Senate on December 19, 1893, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on April 25, 1904, due to his death in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
# Duchy of Reggio

The Duchy of Reggio (Italian: Ducato di Reggio) was one of the states that belonged to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, ruled by the House of Este, in the north of Italy, in a territory now belonging to the Province of Reggio Emilia. The capital was Reggio.
The perimeter of the duchy was from the Apennines to the river Po. The ancient borders were with the County of Novellara and Bagnolo (ruled by a branch of the House of Gonzaga), and the County of Guastalla, the Principality of Correggio, the Duchy of Modena and Garfagnana, all ruled by the dukes of Este. Other neighbour states were those of Lucca, Tuscany, the Duchy of Parma, and the Marquisate of Mantua.
* This article on a location in Emilia–Romagna is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Italian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Leverkusen-Bürrig water tower

Water Tower Leverkusen-Bürrig is a 72-metre-high (236 ft) water tower built in 1978 in Leverkusen-Bürrig. It has a water reservoir of two chambers each of 4000 cubic metres, with a diameter of 42 metres. It has an observation deck for visitors.
# Omar Krayem

Omar Nabil Krayem (born October 12, 1988) is a Los-Angeles born American-Palestinian professional basketball player who currently plays for Umeå BSKT. Standing at 183 cm (6 ft), Krayem plays as point guard. In the 2015–16 season, Krayem led the FIBA Europe Cup in scoring with 20.4 PPG and he was second in assist at 6.6 per contest while leading Borås Basket to the second stage of the FEC.
# Jameh Mosque of Gugan

The Jameh Mosque of Gugan (Persian: مسجد جامع گوگان) is related to the Qajar dynasty and is located in the Azarshahr County, Gugan District, in the city of Gugan, on the square of namaz.
# Brazil at the 1924 Summer Olympics

Brazil competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. Twelve competitors, all men, took part in fifteen events in four sports.

## Athletics

Eight athletes represented Brazil in 1924. It was the nation's debut appearance in the sport.
Ranks given are within the heat.
| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Alvaro de Oliveira Ribeiro | 100 m | Unknown | 5 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Alvaro de Oliveira Ribeiro | 200 m | Unknown | 3 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Narciso Costa | 400 m | Unknown | 3 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Narciso Costa | 800 m | N/A | N/A | Unknown | 6 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Alfredo Gomes | 5000 m | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Unknown | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Alfredo Gomes | Individual cross country | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | did not finish | did not finish |
| Alberto Byington | 110 m hurdles | N/A | N/A | Unknown | 5 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| José Galimberti | Shot put | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 11.30 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |
| José Galimberti | Discus throw | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 36.52 | 7 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Octávio Zani | Shot put | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | No mark | 8 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Octávio Zani | Discus throw | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 35.72 | 10 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Octávio Zani | Hammer throw | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 33.895 | 13 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Willy Seewald | Javelin throw | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 49.39 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Eurico de Freitas | Pole vault | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3.40 | 5 | did not advance | did not advance |

## Rowing

Two rowers represented Brazil in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport as well as the Games. Ranks given are within the heat.
| Rower | Event | Semifinals | Semifinals | Repechage | Repechage | Final | Final |
| Rower | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Carlos Castello Edmundo Castello | Double sculls | Unknown | 2 Q | N/A | N/A | Unknown | 4 |

## Shooting

A single sport shooter represented Brazil in 1924. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport as well as the Games.
| Shooter | Event | Final | Final |
| Shooter | Event | Score | Rank |
| José Macedo | 50 m rifle, prone | 380 | 38 |
# Roger Malvin's Burial

"Roger Malvin's Burial" is a short story by American author Nathaniel Hawthorne. It was first published anonymously in 1832 before its inclusion in the 1846 collection Mosses from an Old Manse. The tale concerns two fictional colonial survivors returning home after the historical battle known as Battle of Pequawket.

## Plot summary

Following Battle of Pequawket (Hawthorne uses the name Lovell's Fight after Captain John Lovewell, sometimes spelled Lovell) in 1725, two survivors of the battle struggle to return home. Roger Malvin and Reuben Bourne are both wounded and weak, and they have little hope that they will survive. They rest near a rock that resembles an enormous tombstone.
Malvin, a much older man, asks Reuben to leave him to die alone, since his wounds are mortal. Reuben insists that he will stay with Malvin as long as he remains alive, but the old man knows that this would mean death for both of them. Malvin convinces Reuben to leave.
Reuben survives. Because he has not honored his promise to bury the old man, he is not at peace. His unease is exacerbated by his failure to tell his fiancée, Dorcas (Malvin's daughter) that he left her father to die. Reuben is considered a brave man by his compatriots, but inside he feels that he has failed them.
Dorcas and Reuben marry, but Reuben's guilt-induced moodiness renders him unfit for normal society. Many years later, when Reuben and Dorcas's son is already grown, Reuben decides that they will move away from the town and settle on a piece of land by themselves. They travel through wilderness. While encamped, Reuben and his son wander into the forest while Dorcas prepares a meal. They become separated. Reuben thinks he hears a deer in the brush and fires his gun, but discovers that he has killed his own son. As he observes the terrain, he realizes it is the same place where he had left Roger Malvin many years before.

## Publication history

"Roger Malvin's Burial" was likely conceived as early as 1825, the year Hawthorne graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, and the 100th anniversary of the historical event that inspired its plot. The story was first published anonymously in the annual gift book The Token in 1832. Hawthorne published Twice-Told Tales in 1837, which collected several of his stories previously included in gift books, though it excluded many of his darker stories like "Roger Malvin's Burial", "My Kinsman, Major Molineux", and "Young Goodman Brown", each of which has become recognized as one of Hawthorne's early masterpiece by modern critics. "Roger Malvin's Burial" was not collected in book form until 1846 with the publication of Mosses from an Old Manse (1846).

## Adaptations to other media

* In 1949 the story was adapted to the syndicated radio program The Weird Circle as "The Burial of Roger Malvin".
* In 2023, Kevin M. Plunkett published a novella Father Rale's War, inspired by Hawthorne's story.
# Al-Ansar University Maiduguri

Al-Ansar University Maiduguri is a private university in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

## Description

Established in 2020 by the Al-Ansar Foundation, it is the first private university in Borno State. The university was approved by the National Universities Commission (NUC) in December 2020.
Located in Maiduguri, the university offers undergraduate programs in sciences, social and management sciences, and arts and humanities, with plans to expand into postgraduate studies and professional programs.

## External link

https://www.aum.edu.ng/
# Paul Apostol

Paul Apostol (born October 23, 1945) is an American fencer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.
A resident of Wyckoff, New Jersey, Apostol has been a fencing coach at Ramapo High School.
# Czumsk Mały

Czumsk Mały is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogowo, within Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Rypin and 59 km (37 mi) east of Toruń.
# Claudine Meffometou

Claudine Falonne Meffometou Tcheno (born 1 July 1990) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Première Ligue club Fleury and the Cameroon national team. She has represented her country at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 17 November 2018 | Accra Sports Stadium, Accra, Ghana | Mali | 1–1 | 2–1 | 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations |

## Honours
### Zvezda 2005 Perm

* Russian Women's Football Championship: 2014

### ŽFK Spartak Subotica

* Serbian Super Liga (women): 2012–13, 2013–14
# Sorgschrofen

Sorgschrofen is a 1,635-metre-tall (5,364 ft) mountain in the Allgäu Alps of Bavaria, Germany and Tyrol, Austria. A lower summit of Sorgschrofen is the 1,613-metre-tall (5,292 ft) Zinken. There is a summit cross on both Sorgschrofen and Zinken.

## Quadripoint

The summit is the only land link Jungholz has to the rest of Austria. A rare occurrence found on the summit is that four territories (two German and two Austrian) meet in a quadripoint:
* On the west: Bad Hindelang, Oberallgäu, Swabia, Bavaria, Germany
* On the north: Jungholz, Reutte District, Tyrol, Austria
* On the east: Pfronten, Ostallgäu, Swabia, Bavaria, Germany
* On the south: Schattwald, Reutte, Tyrol, Austria

### History

The border between this section of Bavaria and Tyrol was defined by the border treaty of 1844, which was complemented in 1850: "Grenzberichtigungsvertrag vom 30. Jänner 1844, mit dem Ergänzungsvertrag vom 16. Dezember 1850". The treaty declares that the borders meet at border marker 110, which is carved into a stone on the summit of the mountain.

## Ascent

Sorgschrofen is a popular hiking mountain. A hiker can climb the mountain in two different ways: directly to the peak from Jungholz or from Unterjoch and over Zinken, which is located 265 metres (869 ft) southwest of the main summit and also on the border.

### From Jungholz

From Jungholz one can either take a ski lift to cut corners or hike up a path to Älpele Hut. From there one needs to follow the steep slope until reaching the area beneath the peak. Here one must climb up the rocky surface to the peak.

### From Unterjoch

Starting from the parking lot in Unterjoch, one walks past the church and goes east to Zehrerhöfe on a road, where the paving abruptly stops. A dirt path at a right angle leads to the main path to the peak. From there, the main path leads up the slope. It becomes much steeper, and some places are secured by steel wire. At one point one must squeeze through a crevice. After reaching Zinken, one must cross a ridge to get to the main summit. The path over the ridge is reserved for experienced hikers who are absolutely sure-footed, because although the path is partially secured, it is often very exposed. The trail can be icy until late spring. Before that, a climb—even for experts—is not recommended.
# Claire Morel

Claire Morel (born 14 February 1984) is a French football striker currently playing for ES Champniers in 4th-tier Division Honneur's Centre-Ouest group. She previously played for US Compiègne, CNFE Clairefontaine, Olympique Lyonnais and ASJ Soyaux in the French First Division.
She was the championship's top scorer with 18 goals in her debut season with Olympique Lyonnais in 2004, which earned her a call-up for the France national team. As an Under-19 international she played the 2002 U-19 World Championship.
# Foresight Group

Foresight Group Holdings plc is a British investment manager focussed on clean energy generation and associated infrastructure. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

## History

The company was founded by Bernard Fairman and Peter English in 1984. They initially raised £20 million in venture capital. The company subsequently built up a regional presence with offices in Edinburgh, Cambridge, Manchester, Milton Keynes, Leicester, Nottingham, and Dublin.
The company was the subject of an initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange, which valued the company at £455 million, in April 2021. In August 2023, having already established funds dedicated to other parts of the UK, it announced that it had raised £90m for a fund dedicated to the North East of England.

## Operations

The company had £12.2 billion of assets under management as at 31 March 2023.
# Gabriella Juhász

Gabriella Juhász (born 19 March 1985) is a retired Hungarian handballer.
Juhász made her international debut on 3 March 2007 against Norway, and participated on the 2009 World Championship.

## Achievements

* Nemzeti Bajnokság I:
** Winner: 2005, 2006
** Silver Medallist: 2004, 2007, 2010, 2011
** Bronze Medallist: 2008
* Magyar Kupa:
** Winner: 2005, 2006, 2007
** Silver Medallist: 2004, 2011
* Liga Naţională:
** Silver Medallist: 2009
* EHF Champions League:
** Semifinalist: 2007
* EHF Women's Cup Winners' Cup:
** Finalist: 2006
* EHF Cup:
** Finalist: 2004, 2005
* Norwegian League
** Bronze: 2017/2018
* Norwegian Cup:
** Finalist: 2018, 2019
# Harry Cowan

Henry Cowan (5 December 1893 – 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played for Clyde and Dunfermline Athletic in his native country and for several clubs – primarily the New Bedford Whalers – in the United States, mainly as a full back. Reports from the time indicate that he was deaf and/or mute.

## Career
### Scotland

Raised in Eastfield, South Lanarkshire, Cowan began his known senior career with local club Clyde in 1916 (he was around 22 years old and it is likely he played for other clubs earlier, but this is unconfirmed). He was ever-present in his first season at Shawfield Stadium – 38 league appearances – and continued to feature regularly for the club throughout the duration of World War I (when many competitions were suspended but the Scottish Football League continued for public morale), suggesting that he was employed in a reserved occupation in addition to being a sportsman, although his later marriage and travel documentation listed him as a dyer outwith football so it may have been his hearing impairment which excused him from active service. A match report from October 1918 stated that Cowan "was again a dominating personality at pivot" in a victory over Hearts.
His eight years at Clyde also included reaching three finals of the Glasgow Cup, all ending in defeat (twice losing out to Celtic and once to Rangers after a replay, in which Cowan conceded a penalty kick for handball which resulted in the only goal). His spell at the club ended at the same time as their relegation from the top division in 1923–24, ending an 18-year run in the top division. A benefit match was played for him against Rangers in March 1924 to recognise his long service.

### United States

Cowan moved on to Dunfermline Athletic for one season before heading to the United States, aged 31, to play in the American Soccer League.
Initially he was with the New Bedford Whalers, playing regularly for two seasons and winning the Lewis Cup in 1926. He then had short spells with other clubs: he began 1927–28 with the Hartford Americans before they were withdrawn from the league, then played a few matches each for the New York Nationals and the Fall River – he was not involved in the later stages of the Nationals' winning run in the 1928 National Challenge Cup. In 1928–29 he played for J. & P. Coats who changed identity mid-season to become the Pawtucket Rangers. By now at the veteran stage, he returned to the Whalers in 1929 and played a handful of games for them, likely as an emergency stand-in, over the next two seasons, a somewhat chaotic period known as the 'soccer wars', featuring several disputes, teams resigning and rival leagues being created, coinciding with the Great Depression which brought about the end of the system altogether a few years later.

## Personal life

His son of the same name was born in Scotland but grew up in New Bedford and became an American citizen in order to serve in the US Air Force during World War II; he was killed in action in 1944.
# Hale Dam

Hale Dam is a hydroelectric dam in Tanzania, located in the town of Hale in Mnyuzi ward of Korogwe District of Tanga Region. Its installed capacity is 21 megawatts (28,000 hp). Thousands of people were displaced to build the dam.

## History

The Hale Dam is the oldest operation dam currently in the country. The Pangani river basin had been a source of power since the early colonial times for Tanganiyka. The lower Pangani power plant was established at Pangani Falls by a German company as early as 1936. With the growing Tanga region and the close proximity to Mombasa, the government decided to construct a new Hydro electric power plant in Hale.
The plant began construction in 1961 and cost around £5,000,000, which was the single largest investment into the country since the failed groundnut scheme. The power-plant became operational in November 1964.

## Overview

The Hale hydro electric Power Plant utilizes a natural fall of 70 meters. It is sited at Hale Township on the Segera–Tanga highway, 6 km from the Tanga – Moshi junction at Segera.
Water from the neighboring rivers is channeled and dropped 70 meters below the ground surface. The power-plant itself is based 76 meters below the surface. The underground power station generates power by two vertical units comprising Francis turbines and salient pole generators and has an installed capacity of 21 MW (28,000 hp).
The plant has undergone major refits twice since its inauguration, in 1987 and 2009.
The construction of the dam in the 1960s led to the displacement of about 12,000 people. However, after the establishment of the dam, with a big supply of water and fish, it attracted a large proportion of migrants from fishing communities. This has also led to the establishment of big urban settlements called Nyumba ya Mungu, with an estimated population of about 20,000 people in 2002. The growing population led to a lot of water conflicts.
# Chomiąża Księża-Leśniczówka

Chomiąża Księża-Leśniczówka (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żnin, within Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Żnin and 37 km (23 mi) south-west of Bydgoszcz.
# Czystochleb

Czystochleb is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wąbrzeźno, within Wąbrzeźno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Wąbrzeźno and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of Toruń.
# Marko Pavić

Marko Pavić (born 18 June 1979) is a Croatian politician serving as a member of the Croatian Parliament since 2020. From 2017 to 2019, he served as minister of labour and pension system. From 2019 to 2020, he served as minister of regional development and EU funds.
# Taastrup Water Tower

Taastrup Water Tower is a defunct water tower in Taastrup, a western suburb of Copenhagen, Denmark. The distinctive structure now serves as an observation tower and local landmark, readily visible when approaching Copenhagen from the west along Roskildevej.

## History

The water tower was built in 1908 to a design by the architect Andreas Fussing as part of the local Taastrup waterworks. In 1977 it was considered to demolish the structure but instead it was decided to renovate it. The rest of the buildings at the site was demolished in 1997 but the water tower was once again spared.
A society for the preservation of the water tower was founded in 2003. They raised funds for another renovation of the building and in 2009 it opened its doors to the public as an Observation tower. It is open the first Saturday every month from April through October from 11-13.

## Architecture

The water tower is designed in the National Romantic style with inspiration from Medieval architecture. Built in a red brick, the cylindrical tower stands 32 metres high and has a diameter of 6 metres at its base. The uppermost part has timber framing. On three sides, four windows, arranged one over the other, provides natural light for the internal staircase.
# East Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary

The East Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary was the territorial police force for policing the East Riding of Yorkshire from 1856 to 1968.
Formed as a result of the County and Borough Police Act 1856, it covered all of the East Riding and initially consisted of a Chief Constable, Major Bernard Grenville Layard, and 60 men.
In 1968, the East Riding Constabulary was amalgamated with York City Police and the North Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary to form the York and North-East Yorkshire Police.

## Chief Constables

* 1856–1872 : Major Bernard Grenville Layard
* 1872–1899 : Major Henry J Bower
* 1899–1924 : Major William Hugh Dunlop
* 1925 : (Sir) Percy Sillitoe (afterwards Chief Constable of Sheffield, 1926–31)
* 1926–1934 : Captain Archibald Frederick Hordern (afterwards Chief Constable of Cheshire, 1934–35)
* 1934–1939 : ??
* 1939–1942 : Richard Dawnay Lemon (afterwards Chief Constable of Hampshire, 1942–62)
* 1942–1946 : Godwin Edward Banwell (afterwards Chief Constable of Cheshire, 1946–63)
* 1946–1953 : Brigadier John Cheney (afterwards Chief Constable of Buckinghamshire, 1953–68)
* c.1962 : John Wilfred Peter Blenkin
# Carl Springer

Carl Springer (November 10, 1910 – September 2, 1980) was an American speed skater. He competed in the men's 5000 metres event at the 1932 Winter Olympics.