OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Servius Sulpicius Galba (consul 144 BC)

Servius Sulpicius Galba was a consul of Rome in 144 BC.

## Macedonia

Galba served as tribune of the soldiers for part of the second legion in Macedonia, under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus. After the conquest of Perseus in 167 BC, following Aemilius' return to Rome, Galba attempted to prevent his triumph. Galba did not succeed, but his efforts created notoriety.

## Hispania

Galba was a praetor in 151 BC. He was awarded Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, including modern Spain and Portugal) as his province, where a war was being fought against the Celtiberians. When Galba arrived, he immediately confronted the Lusitanians. Galba successfully drove the enemy away, but he exhausted his undisciplined army and decided not to pursue the enemy. The Lusitanians turned around and a fierce battle ensued in which 7,000 Romans died. Galba then led the remnants of his army and his allies to his winter-quarters at Conistorgis.
In the spring of 150 BC, Galba again went to war against the Lusitanians. They soon sent an emissary to Galba, declaring they had made a mistake of making war against Roman subjects, and requested to return to a treaty they had made with Atilius.
He met with the Lusitanian emissaries and agreed that it had not been their fault in waging war against the Roman (and Galba's) provinces – they had no choice due to their poverty – so Galba suggested that the Lusitanians become allies of Rome and receive fertile land to colonise. Galba promised lands in different areas, so when the Lusitanians agreed to Galba's offer, they split into three factions to march to their destinations. When each arrived, they were attacked by Galba's forces and massacred.
Few Lusitanians escaped with their lives; but among the survivors was Viriathus, destined one day to avenge the wrong done to his countrymen.
Appian states that Galba, although wealthy, was miserly, and that he did not even lie or perjure himself, provided he could thereby gain pecuniary advantages.
In the following year, when Galba had returned to Rome, the tribune, Lucius Scribonius Libo, brought a charge against him for the outrage he had committed on the Lusitanians. Cato the Censor, then 85 years old, attacked him mercilessly in the assembly of the people. Galba, educated in the rhetoric of the day, had nothing to say in his own defence. Instead, Galba relied on bribery before bringing his children, and the orphan child of a relative, before the people. Imploring mercy, he was acquitted.

## Consul

Despite his atrocities, Galba was made consul in the year 144 BC, with Lucius Aurelius Cotta. The two consuls fought over who would take military command in a conflict against Viriathus in Hispania. They pulled the senate into factions and the resolution was that neither of them would go. The senate chose Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus, the consul of the year before, to continue commanding the army in Hispania.
# José María Vargas

José María Vargas Ponce (10 March 1786, in La Guaira – 13 April 1854, in New York City) was the president of Venezuela from 1835 to 1836. Vargas was Venezuela's first civilian president.
He graduated with a degree in philosophy from the Seminario Tridentino, and obtained in 1809 his medical degree from the Real y Pontificia Universidad de Caracas. Vargas was imprisoned in 1813 for revolutionary activities. Upon his release in 1813, he travelled to United Kingdon for medical training. Vargas performed cataract surgery. He was one of the earliest oculists (eye surgeons) in Puerto Rico after his arrival there in 1817. He returned to Venezuela to practice medicine and surgery in 1825. He resigned from his presidency in 1836.

## Personal life

José María Vargas was married to Encarnación Maitín, who served as First Lady of Venezuela from 1835 to 1836. In 1877, his ashes were brought to Caracas and buried in the National Pantheon on 27 April of that same year.
* Encarnación Maitín in 1827

## Honors

The Venezuelan state of Vargas was named after him.
# José Melro

José Miguel Reis Melro (born 26 May 2004) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Benfica B.

## Club career

Melro is a youth product of Footkart, Académica Santarém and União de Santarém, before moving to Benfica's youth academy in 2022. During the 2021–22 season he played for the youth team, B team and senior team of União de Santarém, scoring a remarkable 40 goals in 28 matches. On 17 July 2024 he renewed his contract with Benfica. José Melro, who attracted interest from some clubs, including Barcelona, would remain at the club and signed a contract until 2027. The contract had a clause of 60 million euros and he was integrated into the B team.

## International career

Melro is a youth international for Portugal. He has played up to the Portugal U20s.
# State Correctional Institution – Muncy

State Correctional Institution – Muncy (SCI Muncy) is a Pennsylvania Department of Corrections prison for women in Clinton Township, Lycoming County, near Muncy. SCI Muncy, a medium/maximum security prison, houses Pennsylvania's death row for women.
In 1920, Muncy Industrial Home opened as a training school for imprisoned women between 16 and 30. In 1953 the industrial home became a part of the Bureau of Correction. The industrial home is now SCI Muncy.
SCI Muncy is the diagnostic center for female offenders in the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections. It also houses the Young Adult Offenders program. SCI Muncy has received some press coverage for its service dog training program.
As of 2019, the prison housed 1,472 prisoners, including 170 with life sentences. After death row inmate Shonda Walter's sentence was reduced to life, there was just one inmate sentenced to death at SCI Muncy.

## Operations

John Beauge of Pennlive.com reported that the prison "still resembles an early 1900s small college campus, albeit one with a few plain, modern buildings added over the years."
The restricted housing unit houses some women with disciplinary issues.

## Notable inmates

* Tabitha Buck, convicted in the murder of Laurie Show (released).
* Mary Jane Fonder, convicted in the murder of Rhonda Smith (deceased).
* Amber Meidinger, convicted in the murder of Jennifer Daugherty.
* Peggy Darlene Miller, convicted in the Murder of Jennifer Daugherty.
* Sylvia Seegrist, convicted in the October 30th, 1985 shooting at Springfield Mall in Springfield, Pennsylvania that left three people dead.
* Sharon Wiggins, convicted of bank robbery and murder (deceased).
* Michelle Sue Tharp, convicted in the murder of her 7-year-old daughter. Tharp is the only woman on death row in Pennsylvania.
# Rumaithiya

Rumaithiya (Arabic: الرميثية Gulf Arabic: l-iRmēθīya) is a mainly-residential area in Hawalli governorate and a suburb of Kuwait City. It is divided into twelve blocks. The population of Rumaithiya was 58,127, according to the June 2023 estimate by the Public Authority for Civil Information [ar]. A significant proportion of Rumaithiya's residents are Shia Muslims. Rumaithiya is a major and famous suburb of Kuwait City, and is often employed in jokes and references.

## History

The general area of Rumaithiya was already known by the time Syrian traveller Faisal Al-Adhama visited Kuwait in 1942 and wrote about it in his 1945 book In The Pearl Country (Arabic: في بلاد اللؤلؤ), where he describes it as a "beautiful place neighboring Dimna." (nowadays Salmiya). When the area of modern Rumaihiya was officially drawn in 1964, it had 13 blocks. However, the 13th block was completely separated from the rest of the area by Kuwait's 5th Ring Road, a major highway, and its location was more fit as part of contiguous Salmiya.
Rumaithiya was a prominent area during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990–1991. The area participated in repeated protests, raised the Kuwaiti flag and refused to acknowledge Iraqi claims and puppet government. Many of the area's residents participated in the Kuwaiti Resistance [ar] and many were executed. A monument dedicated to the memory of the fallen was gifted by a Rumaithiya residents and erected in the main Co-Op square. The bullet impacts from the time can still be seen on some homes. The youngest captive, Zahrāʾ l-iQdēḥi, who was the grandchild of Aḥmad is-Sayyāfi, was captured with her grandfather and his resistance group in Block 11. Is-Sayyāfi's residence housed telecommunication equipment used for communicating with the allied forces, but this was neutralized in January before the coalition's airstrikes.

## Places and services

Each block of the area is served by the publicly-run Rumaithiya Co-Op Society for groceries and other basic food and retail services with the main market and mall in blocks 7 and 9. More than 15,000 people are registered shareholders of the Co-Op.
Two public parks are located in the area, a large one in Block 6 with grass pitches, and a smaller one in Block 8 with grass pitches as well as Starbucks coffee shop. In addition, Rumaithiya is home to an exceptionally high number of schools (13 schools, not including private schools and kindergartens). However, due to the buildings' age, many of them are out of service.
With the exception of Maqāmis Mosque, Each block is served by a publicly-funded mosque. Rumaithiya is also home to Masjid Maqamis, which serves the Shi'ite community, as well as numerous other husainiyas which become especially active during the Islamic month of Muharram.

## Politics

Rumaithiya is located within Kuwait's 1st Electoral Circle. Rumaithiya usually elects several Shi'ites to the parliament. Some former and current members of parliament from Rumaithiya include Ṣaḷāḥ Khōrshīd [ar] and Hāni Shams [ar].
# Management and conservation of wetlands in Uganda

The wetlands of Uganda are highly treasured natural resources that cover 30,105 square kilometres (11,624 sq mi) of Uganda's total land area of 241,500 square kilometres (93,200 sq mi) accounting to 13% of the total land area. In Uganda, wetlands are locally utilized surrounding communities for construction, agriculture, tourism, crafts, furniture, fiching, human settlement and extraction of useful materials, wild fruits and hunting grounds.
As the National Resistance Movement Government took over power in 1986, there existed devastating social, economic, political, environmental and poor wetlands management. In its efforts to restore sanity, the government in their first eight months undertook drastic measures to restore and avert the destruction of wetlands. Through administrative guidelines issued in September 1986, the government begun the restoration of wetland resources by instituting a ban on large-scale drainage schemes until scientifically proven and socially harmonious policy was put in place.

## Wetland funding

Restoration efforts for Uganda's wetlands are received funding from the Global Environment Facility under a new climate adaptation project, which recognizes the significance of wetlands in protecting local communities from climate change. The funding enables alternative climate-resilient livelihoods to reduce pressure on nature and biodiversity. This is a five-year project costing over US$4.3 million of funding and will be executed by Uganda's Ministry of Water and Environment, with support from the UN Environment Programme (UNEP).

## The legal framework

Parliament of Uganda has passed legal frameworks that obligates government to hold in trust for the people and to protect, natural lakes, rivers, wetlands, forest reserves, game reserves, national parks and any land to be reserved for ecological and touristic purposes for the common good of all citizens. These include the Land Act (Cap. 227) which prohibits the government from leasing or alienating wetlands. Another legal framework protecting the environment is the National Environment Act 2019.

## Conservation

The government of Uganda has initiated conservation drives and campaigns to conserve wetlands across the country. Organizations and Partners under the Commercial Flowere Farms Integrated Catchment Management Partnership came together to fight wetlands degradation around Greater Kampala since 2022.

## Challenges

Wetland conservation in Uganda has faced numerous challenges and these include the growing population driving encroachment into wetlands for settlement, agriculture and for other resources. In the recent census conducted by UBOS in 2014 indicates population growth at a rate of 3.2% per annum and has almost tripled from 12.6 million in 1980 to 34.8 million in 2014. This has hampered government efforts in protecting wetland resources and law enforcement and evictions are the alternatives government has resorted to over the years.
# Jiří Valík

Jiří Valík (born 26 July 1966 in Zábřeh) is a retired Czech athlete who specialised in the sprinting events. He is best known for winning the bronze medal in the 60 metres at the 1990 European Indoor Championships. In addition, he competed at two indoor and one outdoor World Championships.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Czechoslovakia ||||||
| 1988 | European Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 13th (h) | 60 m | 6.78 |
| 1988 | European Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 15th (h) | 200 m | 21.61 |
| 1990 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 3rd | 60 m | 6.63 |
| 1991 | World Indoor Championships | Seville, Spain | 20th (sf) | 60 m | 6.79 |
| 1991 | World Indoor Championships | Seville, Spain | 18th (sf) | 200 m | 22.41 |
| 1992 | European Indoor Championships | Genoa, Italy | 12th (sf) | 60 m | 6.75 |
| 1992 | European Indoor Championships | Genoa, Italy | 12th (sf) | 200 m | 22.29 |
| Representing the Czech Republic ||||||
| 1993 | World Indoor Championships | Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 14th (h) | 60 m | 6.74 |
| 1993 | World Indoor Championships | Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 18th (h) | 200 m | 21.47 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 27th (qf) | 100 m | 10.53 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 38th (h) | 200 m | 21.20 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 100 metres – 10.27 (+0.3 m/s Nitra 1992)
* 200 metres – 20.81 (+0.4 m/s Drama 1987)
Indoor
* 50 metres – 5.73 (Prague 1990) NR
* 60 metres – 6.63 (Glasgow 1990)
* 200 metres – 21.18 (Genoa 1992)
# The Cutter of Coleman Street

The Cutter of Coleman Street is a comedy play by the English writer Abraham Cowley. It premiered at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre on 16 December 1661, performed by the Duke's Company. Cowley had originally written it in 1658 during the English Commonwealth era. The title refers to Coleman Street in the City of London. The Royalist Cowley inserted lines mocking the recent republican government of England, including Thomas Harrison who had been executed for regicide the previous year. Although it was released during the Restoration period, along with The Committee its debt to earlier traditions mean that it is not a full Restoration comedy in the style that would flourish after George Etherege's The Comical Revenge in 1664.
The original cast included Thomas Betterton as Colonel Jolly, Henry Harris as Young Trueman, Thomas Lovell as Old Trueman, Cave Underhill as Cutter, Samuel Sandford as Captain Worme, James Nokes as Puny, Mary Betterton as Aurelia, Anne Gibbs as Lucia and Jane Long as Laughing Jane.
# Jim Carter (New Zealand musician)

James Arthur Carter (27 March 1919 – 2 October 2022) was a New Zealand musician who performed on the first single to be locally recorded and manufactured in New Zealand titled Blue Smoke.
In 1955, as part of Ken Avery's Rockin' Rhythm, Carter performed on what is considered to be the first rock and roll song recorded in New Zealand, a cover of "Rock Around the Clock" as sung by Johnny Cooper Carter also performed on other notable Johnny Cooper songs such as "Pie Cart Rock 'n' Roll" and "Look What You've Done (To My Heart)".

## Awards

On 2 October 2019, Carter, along with Ruru Karaitiana and Pixie Williams, was inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame, to mark the 70th anniversary of the release of "Blue Smoke".
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| 2019 | Jim Carter | New Zealand Music Hall of Fame | inductee | |
# Ptilotus axillaris

Ptilotus axillaris, commonly known as mat mulla mulla, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to the north of Western Australia. It is a prostrate annual herb with several stems, egg-shaped leaves, and pink or magenta, oval or cylindrical spikes of hairy, densely arranged flowers with two fertile stamens.

## Description

Ptilotus axillaris is a prostrate annual herb that has several stems, typically grows up to 30–120 mm (1.2–4.7 in) high and has oval to spatula-shaped leaves arranged alternately on the stems, 7–110 mm (0.28–4.33 in) long and 2–25 mm (0.079–0.984 in) wide. The flowers are pink or magenta and densely arranged in oval to cylindrical spikes 15–50 mm (0.59–1.97 in) long and 25–40 mm (0.98–1.57 in) wide. There is a bract 7.5–9 mm (0.30–0.35 in) long and colourless bracteoles 6.5–6.8 mm (0.26–0.27 in) long at the base of the flowers. The outer tepals are mostly 13–17.5 mm (0.51–0.69 in) long and the inner tepals are 11.5–16 mm (0.45–0.63 in) long with a prominent midrib. Flowering occurs from April to November.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1870 by George Bentham from an unpublished description by Ferdinand von Mueller, and was given the name Trichinium axillare in Flora Australiensis. In 1881, von Mueller transferred the species to the genus, Ptilotus as P. axillaris. The specific epithet (axillaris) means 'axillary', referring to the flowers.

## Distribution and habitat

Ptilotus axillaris grows on stony plains and sand dunes in the Carnarvon, Dampierland, Gascoyne, Gibson Desert, Great Sandy Desert, Little Sandy Desert, and Pilbara bioregions of northern Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Ptilotus axillaris is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Jonathan Raine

Jonathan Raine (1763–1831) was an English barrister, judge and politician.

## Early life

He was the son of Matthew Raine, a cleric and schoolmaster, and younger brother of Matthew Raine FRS. He was educated at Eton College, where he was a friend of Richard Porson, and matriculated in 1783 at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1787, and M.A. in 1790; he became a Fellow of Trinity in 1789. Admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1785, he was called to the bar in 1791.
From 1793 for a decade, Raine was a London criminal lawyer at the Old Bailey. He also became known as a special pleader, went the Northern Circuit, and gained a reputation for Latin verse.

## Associations

Raine was one of the circle of William Frend, being present on the occasion of the noted tea party with William Wordsworth on 27 February 1795. In 1800 Matthew and Jonathan Raine were executors for John Warner, the radical Whig cleric and scholar.

## Politician, lawyer and judge

Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland met Raine through his legal work on the Northumberland estate, and supported him as a parliamentary candidate for St Ives in 1802. At this point John Hammond, a Unitarian academic friend of Frend, hoped that Raine would prove a reformer of the "augean stable". He went on to be MP for Wareham 1806–7, for Launceston in 1812, and for Newport (Cornwall), 1812 to 1831.
In 1816 Raine became King's Counsel. In 1818 his seat at Newport, while "owned" by the 3rd Duke of Northumberland, was actually contested by candidates put up by Thomas John Phillipps, who also had property there. In 1823 he was appointed First Justice for the Counties of Anglesey, Carnarvon and Merioneth, a position abolished in 1830. As a Welsh judge, he stood down for Newport in order to contest the seat again: he was re-elected at the by-election, after Rowland Stephenson opposed him. He voted against the Great Reform Bill, which would abolish the Newport constituency.

## Family

Raine married Elizabeth Price on 24 June 1799 in Kensington.
# Pobjie

Pobjie is a surname, popular in Australia. Notable people with the surname include:
* Kevin Pobjie, former Australian professional rugby league player
* Michael Pobjie (born 1961), former Australian professional rugby league player
* Ben Pobjie, Australian writer and comedian. As of 25/08/18 he works for the ABC
# Dew Process

Dew Process is an Australian independent record label, based in Brisbane, Queensland, founded and owned by Australian music industry figure Paul Piticco.

## Operational

The label operates in two primary areas: traditional development of Australian talent and the provision of promotional, marketing and distribution services for artists based in other countries who are looking to establish their music in Australia and New Zealand.

## Management and distribution

Dew Process is part of the Secret Sounds group, with offices in Brisbane and Sydney. The label is distributed by Universal Music Australia.

## Current roster

* Bernard Fanning
* London Grammar
* Mallrat
* Mumford and Sons
* Sam Fender
* Sly Withers
* Tired Lion
* Tkay Maidza
* Tyne-James Organ
* Waax

## Discography

Discography adapted from AllMusic and Dew Process.
# Mahudi

Mahudi is a town in Mansa taluka of Gandhinagar district, Gujarat, India situated on the banks of Madhumati river, a tributary of Sabarmati River. It is a pilgrimage centre of Jains and other communities visiting the temple of Jain deity, Ghantakarna Mahavir and Padmaprabhu Jain Temple. It used to be known as Madhupuri.

## Mahudi Jain temple

Mahudi Jain Temple was established by Jain monk, Buddhisagar Suri in 1917 CE (Magshar Sudi 6, Vikram Samvat 1974). There is an inscription in the Brahmi script of it. The foundation stone was laid in 1916 CE on land donated by Vadilal Kalidas Vora. He along with Punamchand Lallubhai Shah, Kankkuchand Narsidas Mehta and Himmatlal Hakamchand Mehta became trustees of trust established to manage the temple. The 22-inch marble idol of Padmaprabh as a central deity was installed. The separate shrine dedicated to protector deity, Ghantakarna Mahavir was also established. Guru Mandir, a shrine dedicated to Buddhisagar Suri was established later.
Devotees offer sukhadi, a sweet to Ghantakarna Mahavir. After offering, it is consumed by devotees within the temple complex.

### Important event

Every year, on Kali Chaudas (the fourteenth day of the dark half of the month of Aso), thousands of devotees visit the temple to attend a religious ceremony, Havan.

## Other places

* Kotyrak Khadayata temple is dedicated to Krishna and is kuldevta of Khadayata community.
* Padma Pyramid Centre is another Jain temple nearby in shape of pyramid.