OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cycloteuthis sirventi

Cycloteuthis sirventi, commonly known as Sirvent's disc-fin squid, is a species of squid in the family Cycloteuthidae, of which it is the most common. It is possible that C. akimushkini is a junior synonym of C. sirventi. The species occurs in the tropical to polar western Atlantic Ocean. It has a maximum mantle length of 500mm.

## Description

As described by Joubin, C. sirventi is a relatively small squid. Its mantle is conical shaped, and tapers towards a sharp point. The mantle wall is thin, with gelatinous connective tissue between an inner and outer wall of muscle. The fins are long and elliptical shaped, taking up about 80% of the overall mantle length. The lengths of the arms are about 85% of the mantle length, according to the largest specimens. The tentacles are long and robust, their clubs bearing four rows of suckers.
C. sirventi larvae are elongated, with small terminal fins. The photophores are not present in the eyes, which protrude greatly.

## History

Until lately, this species was only known from one specimen taken in 1912.
In 1919, Louis Joubin described a new genus and the species, C. sirventi, and stated that it was closely related to Lycoteuthis diadema, a synonym of Lycoteuthis lorigera. He placed these two in a family called Parateuthidae. Later, in 1921, Thiele created the Parateuthis genus based on a larval Oegopsida captured in the Antarctic Ocean. However, this genus holds no connection to Joubin's Parateuthidae family.
Shortly after, Naef transferred Lycoteuthis to the Enoploteuthidae. Later he established a subfamily for Cycloteuthis, Cycloteuthinae.
# K. N. Chandrasekharan Pillai

K. N. Chandrasekharan Pillai (17 March 1943 – 17 January 2025) was an Indian legal academic. He was the onetime director of the Indian Law Institute. He was known as a doyen in the Indian legal academia for his scholarly writings of articles and books.

## Early life and education

Pillai was from Chunakkara in the district of Alappuzha, Kerala. He received his B.Sc. from the University of Kerala and received his LL.B. and LL.M. (first rank) from the University of Delhi. He received the Baboo Piare Lal Memorial Prize and the Delhi University Law Union prize, 1974. He received his second LL.M and S.J.D. from the University of Michigan Law School in the United States. He was also the first Director of National University of Advanced Legal Studies (Formerly NIALS). He was until his death on the editorial board of Cochin University Law Review and Academy Law Review.

## Career

Pillai practised law before the Supreme Court of India before joining the Campus Law Centre at the University of Delhi. He joined Cochin University of Science and Technology and became director and later dean of the School of Legal Studies there. He served as the director-designate of the National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Cochin. After that he became the Director of Indian Law institute. He was the Director of National Judicial Academy, Bhopal till 31 March 2013. He pursued his academic activities from Cochin. He was the author of a book on criminal law and was the revised author of R V Kelkar's Lectures on Criminal Procedure and Text Book on Criminal Procedure Code.
Pillai was a part-time member of the Law Commission of India, member of the syndicate of Cochin University of Science and Technology representing the University Grants Commission, editor of the Journal Section of Supreme Court Cases, Lucknow. He was also the editor of the Journal of the Indian Law Institute, New Delhi and was a member of the editorial boards of the Cochin University Law Review, Academy Law Review, Kerala Bar Council News, and Bangalore Law Journal. He was also the member of the academic council of National University of Advanced Legal Studies.
Pillai was the author of several books.
Pillai was the Director, Indian Law Institute and thereafter he was Director, National Judicial academy National Judicial Academy, India at Bhopal. He reviewed the RV Kelkar Criminal Procedure and Lectures on Criminal Procedure periodically. He loved his students and gave the opportunity to his students to assist him in reviewing the books. He had his student, the assistant director (Law), S.V.P. National Police Academy, Mr. K. Pattabhi Rama Rao's assistance in reviewing his Lectures on Criminal Procedure. Until his death, he resided in Kochi.

## Personal life and death

Pillai lived in Thrikkakara, Cochin. He died on 17 January 2025, at the age of 81.
# Muddy Creek (Iowa River tributary)

Muddy Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is a tributary to the Iowa River.
Muddy Creek was so named due to the muddy character of its waters.
# Avondale, Hants, Nova Scotia

Avondale is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the West Hants Regional Municipality. Located within Avondale is Newport Landing, location of the Avon River Heritage Society and Museum. Avondale is also home to the Avondale Sky Winery.
# Prescription

In general, the word prescriptive refers to refer to normative judgments, i.e. judgments about what is good or bad, such as:
* Prescriptive analytics, third and final phase of business analytics
* Linguistic prescriptivism, the laying down of normative language rules
* Prescriptive (normative) economics, branch of economics that incorporates value judgments
* Prescriptive ethics, as distinct from meta-ethics and descriptive ethics
* Prescriptive mood, a grammatical mood used in some languages
Other uses include:

## Health care

* Medical prescription, a plan of care written by a physician or other health care professional
** Prescription drug, a drug available only if prescribed by a medical prescription
* Eyeglass prescription, written by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist for individuals with eye related concerns.

## Law

* Custom (law), a right enjoyed through long use
* Easement by prescription, acquisition of private property rights through uncontested use
* Prescription (sovereignty transfer), acquisition of sovereignty through uncontested use
* Period of prescription, in civil law jurisdictions, the time limit within which a lawsuit must be brought
* Prescribed sum, the maximum fine that may be imposed on summary conviction of certain offences in the United Kingdom
* Prescribed senior official, an individual who will be refused admission into Canada because of war crimes or crimes against humanity

## Other uses

* Prescriptive barony, a "feudal" barony in Scotland
* Prescriptive notation, a type of Chinese musical notation
# Nina Schultz

Nina Schultz (Chinese: 郑妮娜力; pinyin: Zhèng Nīnàlì; born November 12, 1998) is a Chinese track athlete who competes in the heptathlon and pentathlon. She was a Canadian citizen at birth and previously competed for Canada.

## Career

Schultz began training in athletics from a young age, and set a junior record in the indoor pentathlon in 2017 prior to being accepted to Kansas State University on a track scholarship. In her debut season in university athletics, Schultz won the bronze medal in the 2017 NCAA Indoor Championships' pentathlon event. At the 2018 NCAA Indoor Championships, she won the silver medal. At the 2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships she placed 7th in the heptathlon scoring 5,778 points.
Schultz competed as part of the Canadian team at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in the Gold Coast, Australia. She was the youngest member of the Canadian track and field team. In the heptathlon event, she set a new personal best of 6,133 points and won the silver medal, finishing 122 points behind gold medalist Katarina Johnson-Thompson of England.
Schultz returned to the competitive scene in 2021 under the Chinese flag to increase her personal best by over 200 points at the Spanish leg of the World Athletics Challenge – Combined Events. The athlete, now competing as Ninali Zheng, won the meeting with a score of 6,358 which moved her into qualification for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

### Change of citizenship from Canada to China

Schultz became one of a handful of naturalized athletes of China; the athlete served a three year waiting period in compliance of the IAAF competition rules. World Athletics confirmed her eligibility to be a competing member of China's national team on April 12, 2021.
The Chinese press quoted her maternal grandmother Zheng Fengrong, who in 1957 set the women's world record in high jump 1.77m and is a celebrated athlete in China. Her brother Ty Schultz is a hockey player in Canada.
# CW 18

CW 18 may refer to the following television stations in the U.S. affiliated with The CW:
* KCWH-LD in Lincoln–Hastings–Kearney, Nebraska
* KTTU-TV in Tucson, Arizona
* WCCB in Charlotte, North Carolina
* WKCF in Clermont–Orlando–Daytona Beach, Florida
* WVTV in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
# Pavlo Vasylyk

Pavlo Vasylyk (Ukrainian: Павло Василик; 8 August 1926 – 12 December 2004) was a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was clandestine bishop from 1974 to 1991, an auxiliary bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Ivano-Frankivsk from 1991 to 1993 and the first eparchial bishop of the new created Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia – Chernivtsi from 1993 until his death in 2004.

## Biography

Born in Borysławka, Second Polish Republic (present-day – Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland) on 1926 in the Greek-Catholic peasant family with 11 children. On 1945 was transferred in the Ukrainian SSR in time of the Expulsion of Ukrainians from Poland to the Soviet Union. On 1947 he was arrested and imprisoned in Siberia, until 1955. After his release was ordained as priest on 18 November 1956 by Blessed Bishop Nicholas Charnetsky. After ordination he served a short time in the clandestine parishes of the Western Ukraine and Crimea, until his second arrest on 1959. He was again imprisoned in concentration camp in Mordovia and released on 1964, but remained in exile until 1969.
On 1 May 1974 Fr. Vasylyk was consecrated to the Episcopate as auxiliary bishop. The principal and single consecrator was clandestine bishop Yosafat Fedoryk. Bishop Vasylyk was among these persons, who on 4 August 1987 made a declaration about exit from clandestinity of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
On 20 April 1993 he was appointed as the first bishop of the new created Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Kolomyia – Chernivtsi.
He died on 12 December 2004.

## Awards

* Ukraine
** Order of Merit (3rd class)
# Comunes (Chile)

Comunes (Spanish: Common Ones) was a Chilean left-wing political party, founded in 2019 by the merger between the Citizen Power party and the Autonomous Left (Izquierda Autónoma) movement.
Among its notable members were Emilia Schneider, the first transgender president of the University of Chile Student Federation (FECH).

## Authorities
### Deputies

| Name | Region | District | Period |
| Camila Rojas | Region of Valparaíso | 7 | 2018-2022 / 2022-2026 |
| Claudia Mix | Santiago Metropolitan Region | 8 | 2018-2022 / 2022-2026 |

## Presidential candidates

The following is a list of the presidential candidates supported by Commoners. (Information gathered from the Archive of Chilean Elections).
* 2021: Gabriel Boric (won)

## Electoral history
### Congress election

| Election year | Chamber of Deputies | Chamber of Deputies | Chamber of Deputies | Senate | Senate | Senate | Status |
| Election year | # Votes | % Votes | Seats | # Votes | % Votes | Seats | Status |
| 2021 | 207,607 | 3.84 | 6 / 155 | 172,054 | 3.69% | 0 / 50 | TBA |
# Danville, Virginia micropolitan area

The Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area is a Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) in Virginia as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB). As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 106,561
The Danville μSA was previously classified as a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) until 2013, when it was demoted to a Micropolitan Statistical Area due to core urban area's population falling below 50,000.

## μSA components

Note: Since a state constitutional change in 1871, all cities in Virginia are independent cities that are not located in any county. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs and μSAs in Virginia.
One county and one independent city are included in the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
* Counties
** Pittsylvania
* Independent Cities
** Danville

## Communities
### Incorporated places

* Chatham
* Danville (Principal city)
* Gretna
* Hurt

### Unincorporated places

* Blairs
* Chalk Level
* Dry Fork
* Grit
* Mount Airy
* Mt. Hermon
* Pickeral's Crossing
* Pittsville
* Renan
* Ringgold
* Sonans
* Straightstone
* Whittles Depot
* Tightsqueeze

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 110,156 people, 45,291 households, and 31,157 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 65.71% White, 32.64% African American, 0.15% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.24% of the population.
The median income for a household in the μSA was $31,027, and the median income for a family was $38,600. Males had a median income of $29,863 versus $21,383 for females. The per capita income for the μSA was $17,071.
# Valentin Ivanov (astronomer)

Valentin D. Ivanov (Bulgarian: Валентин Д. Иванов) is a Bulgarian astronomer working in the European Southern Observatory, mainly at the Paranal site. Among his primary research areas are the dynamics of star clusters, formation of stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets around such objects.
Valentin Ivanov and Ray Jayawardhana are two of the pioneers of the investigation of the planemos. They discovered the extremely low low mass binary Oph 162225-240515 whose components were thought for a while to be planetary mass objects (a.k.a. planemos). This discovery came just before the debate about the 2006 planet definition, and posed the problem about the distinction between planets and brown dwarfs.

## Background

Valentin D. Ivanov was born in the town of Bourgas, Bulgaria in 1967. He obtained his master's degree in physics and astronomy at the University of Sofia in 1992. He earned a PhD degree at the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S. in 2001. He became a fellow at the European Southern Observatory, on La Silla and Cerro Paranal. In 2003-2014 he was a staff astronomer at the European Southern Observatory (ESO), Paranal where he was an instrument scientist for a number of near-infrared instruments, including SofI at the NTT, ISAAC and VISIR at the VLT, and the wide-field camera VIRCAM mounted at the VISTA (telescope). He moved to the ESO headquarters in 2015 where he is working at the science-grade data products group.
Science fiction is Valentin's hobby. He has about thirty stories appearing in Bulgaria and a few in various English language venues. His stories has been translated in German and Russian as well. In 2006, together with Kiril Dobrev, he has published a science fiction story collection in Bulgarian. His stories in English can be found in Letters to Tiptree and Life Beyond Us.
# 1978 Gazankulu legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Gazankulu on 13 September 1978.
# Alexander Levitzki

Alexander Levitzki (Hebrew: אלכסנדר לויצקי; born 13 August 1940) is an Israeli biochemist who is a professor of biochemistry at the Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

## Birth and education

Levitzki was born in 1940 in British Mandate for Palestine. He completed his M.Sc. in chemistry from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. He received his Ph.D. in biochemistry and biophysics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Weizmann Institute of Science, in 1968. From 1968 to 1971, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Berkeley in California, with Professor Daniel E. Koshland, Jr., where he worked in particular on negative cooperativity and half-of-the-sites reactivity. Levitzki is not a descendant of the Hebrew Levite tribe.

## Academic career

In 1970, Levitzki became a senior scientist at the Department of Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science. In 1974, he became an associate professor at the same institute.
In 1974, he became an associate professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1976, he was promoted to professor of biochemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He has been visiting scientist at the National Cancer Institute, and Fogarty International Scholar, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, visiting scholar at Stanford University in California, visiting professor at the University of Oregon (Eugene) and visiting professor at the University of California, San Francisco. He is also a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and was the head of its science section.

## Research

Levitzki is known for developing specific chemical inhibitors of cancer-induced protein kinases. He was the first to develop systematically tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitors (tyrphostins) against a wide spectrum of protein tyrosine kinases. Levitzki demonstrated (1993) that such an inhibitor of Bcr-Abl kinase induces death of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. This work led to the development of Gleevec by Novartis (1996), which is currently used, with great success, for therapy of patients afflicted by this disease. Levitzki also pioneered the inhibitors of EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, Her-2/neu, Jak-2, VEGFR and peptide based cell permeable PKB/Akt inhibitors. Levitzki also showed that PDGFR kinase inhibitors (PDGFR directed tyrphostins), released from nanoparticles or from a drug eluting stent can be used to inhibit restenosis after balloon angioplasty.
In 2006 his research team developed a method for inducing brain tumor cells to "commit suicide".

## Awards

In 1990, he was awarded the Israel Prize, in life sciences (following in the footsteps of his father, Jacob Levitzki, who had received the prize, for exact sciences, in 1953).
In 2005, he was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine for "pioneering signal transduction therapy and for developing tyrosine kinase inhibitors as effective agents against cancer and a range of other diseases".
* I. & H. Wachter Award, I. & H. Wachter Foundation (2014)
# List of comics characters which originated in other media

This list is for original fictional characters created for adaptations of comic books in other forms of media (television series, films, books, games and advertising).
It includes characters like Firestar and X-23 that were later incorporated into mainstream comics. The category does not include preexisting characters from fiction (books, film, television, etc.) such as Dracula, Conan or Rima that were later incorporated into comics. Characters unique to certain movies and television programs such as Rachel Dawes and Max Shreck are not included on this list because they do not have counterparts in any mainstream comic book.

## DC Comics

* Apache Chief
* Andrea Beaumont
* Ethan Bennett
* Black Vulcan
* Cinderblock
* Alex Danvers
* John Diggle
* El Dorado
* Egghead
* Nora Fries
* Gleek
* Gray Ghost
* Mercy Graves
* Inspector William Henderson
* Inque
* Isis
* Aqualad (Kaldur'ahm)
* Livewire
* Lock-Up
* Lionel Luthor
* Más y Menos
* Batman (Terry McGinnis)
* Renee Montoya
* Music Meister
* Non
* Jimmy Olsen
* Harley Quinn
* Red X
* Roxy Rocket
* Samurai
* Chloe Sullivan
* King Tut
* Ursa
* Superwoman (Kristin Wells)
* Wendy and Marvin
* Perry White
* Wonder Twins
* Baby Doll

## Marvel Comics

* Phil Coulson
* Count Duckula
* Firestar
* Leo Fitz
* H.E.R.B.I.E.
* Hypnotia
* Iceberg
* Icemaster
* Ana Jarvis
* Melinda May
* Reptil
* Erik Selvig
* Jemma Simmons
* Luna Snow
* Spyke
* Antoine Triplett
* Abraham Whistler
* X-23

## Other publishers

* Cammy
* Jessica Priest
* Launchpad McQuack
# Convolution random number generator

In statistics and computer software, a convolution random number generator is a pseudo-random number sampling method that can be used to generate random variates from certain classes of probability distribution. The particular advantage of this type of approach is that it allows advantage to be taken of existing software for generating random variates from other, usually non-uniform, distributions. However, faster algorithms may be obtainable for the same distributions by other more complicated approaches.
A number of distributions can be expressed in terms of the (possibly weighted) sum of two or more random variables from other distributions. (The distribution of the sum is the convolution of the distributions of the individual random variables).

## Example

Consider the problem of generating a random variable with an Erlang distribution, $X\ \sim \operatorname {Erlang} (k,\theta )$. Such a random variable can be defined as the sum of k random variables each with an exponential distribution $\operatorname {Exp} (k\theta )\,$. This problem is equivalent to generating a random number for a special case of the Gamma distribution, in which the shape parameter takes an integer value.
Notice that:
    $\operatorname {E} [X]={\frac {1}{k\theta }}+{\frac {1}{k\theta }}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{k\theta }}={\frac {1}{\theta }}.$
One can now generate $\operatorname {Erlang} (k,\theta )$ samples using a random number generator for the exponential distribution:
if $X_{i}\ \sim \operatorname {Exp} (k\theta )$ then $X=\sum _{i=1}^{k}X_{i}\sim \operatorname {Erlang} (k,\theta ).$
# NEO-China Top City Main Tower

The NEO-China Top City Main Tower is a 795 ft (242 m) tall skyscraper in the Jiulongpo District within the city of Chongqing, China.
The tower has 54 floors and is the 165th tallest building in the world. It was started in 2005 and completed in 2009.
# North Fork Tomlinson Run

North Fork Tomlinson Run is a 6.30 mi (10.14 km) long 2nd order tributary to Tomlinson Run in Hancock County, West Virginia. This stream along with South Fork Tomlinson Run, forms Tomlinson Run in Tomlinson Run Lake.

## Course

North Fork Tomlinson Run rises about 4 miles southeast of Chester, West Virginia, in Hancock County and then flows southwest to form Tomlinson Run at Tomlinson Run State Park.

## Watershed

North Fork Tomlinson Run drains 10.12 square miles (26.2 km$^2$) of area, receives about 38.1 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 316.01, and is about 61% forested.