# Central Studios

Central Studios was an Indian film studio in the neighbourhood of Singanallur, Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu, started by B.Rangaswamy Naidu (a.k.a. B. R. Naidu) and other prominent industrialists like Swamikannu Vincent of Coimbatore in 1935 to make Tamil and other South Indian language movies. The studio was a major hub of Tamil movie production and notable for its association with many early day Tamil Movie Superstars, directors and script writers etc. and many making their career debuts here. The studio is best remembered for movies like Sivakavi, Velaikari and Haridas.

## History
### Movie industry in Coimbatore

Movies became a major industry in Coimbatore when in 1905 a South Indian Railways employee Samikannu Vincent purchased a film projector along with some silent films from a Frenchman named Du Pont who had fallen ill on his touring exhibition. Samikannu Vincent then built a business as film exhibitor first by traveling around the country and finally erecting tents theatres for screening films. His tent cinema became popular as he traveled all over the state with his mobile unit. In 1917, Samikannu Vincent built South India's first permanent cinema theatre, Variety Hall Cinema, at TownHall; it is now called ad Delite theatre. As Samikannu Vincent also generated his own electric power for his theatres, he built a series of theatres in and around the city to screen silent films. He also became a distributor for the French Pathé Frères movie projectors. In the early 1930s he launched the Variety Hall Talkies banner to make sound film (a.k.a. talkies) and released a few movies which were mainly shot in Calcutta. Feeling a need to have a movie studio, he was instrumental, along with other industrialists and movie makers, in establishing a fully equipped studio in Coimbatore.
Also during the late 1920s, another firm under Sabapathy was involved in the distributorship of an Italian movie projector company, eventually leading to the manufacture of their own brand of movie projectors in Coimbatore. By the early thirties Coimbatore already had a studio named Premier Cinetone Studio (later renamed Pakshiraja Studios). In 1935 a London-educated graduate, T. R. Sundaram, built a fully equipped movie studio, Modern Theatres, in Salem, and the region became the central hub for movie activity.

### Studio beginnings

Central Studio was founded by a group of prominent industrialists B. Rangaswamy Naidu, R. K. Ramakrishnan Chettiar (brother of India's first Finance Minister R. K. Shanmukham Chetty), Samikannu Vincent, and another new movie director S. M. Sriramulu Naidu (who joined as a working partner). Studio commenced its operation in 1936 with their first release being Thukkaram in 1937 directed by S. M. Sriramulu Naidu. By the early 1940s the Studio became the central hub of Tamil Movie industry.

## Facilities

The Studio is located at Singanallur, near to the Trichy Road in Coimbatore city. The Studio had almost all modern facilities required for a Movie studio along with Sound and film editing labs and technical workshops. The sound engineers and cameramen were all Germans during the 30s and most of the Make-Up team were from Mumbai. The studio also had a music department headed by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu. The studio also boasted the BNC Mitchell Camera, then a Hollywood standard, which cost a whopping Rs 500,000 in the 1930s and the Studio was equipped with 10 KW, 5 KW AND 2 KW lights. Most of the artists and technicians were on monthly payroll.

## Studio system

The Silver Jubilee hit movie of 1936 Sivakavi starring M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, was an in-house production, as well as several socially significant movies. Central Studio released few movies, but the Studio housed lot of other production banners. The most popular being Jupiter Pictures and Pakshiraja Films. Other production houses that operated inside the studio were Narayanan and Company, Manorama Pictures and Venu Pictures. The then popular comedian trio N. S. Krishnan and T. Mathuram had their independent production unit, Ashoka Films inside the premises. They often made their comedy track independently and sold to other Movie producers who later released as ‘side reel’.

## Notable film personalities

The studio was a central hub during the early days for Tamil movies first 'Superstars' P. U. Chinnappa and M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar and the popular comedian N. S. Krishnan and T. A. Mathuram. The studio was also a starting point for four of Tamil Nadu state Chief Ministers C. N. Annadurai, M. Karunanidhi, M. G. Ramachandran and V. N. Janaki. The Studio housed famous musicians S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, while G. Ramanathan along with Papanasam Sivan and K. V. Mahadevan composed for some of the Studio Movies. The popular music composer M. S. Viswanathan was an assistant to S. M. Subbiah Naidu. Playback singer T. M. Soundararajan made his early foray as playback singer here so was Lyricist Kannadasan in his initial career. Central Studio was a launch pad for many later day directors like Muktha Srinivasan who was an associate director for 1954 release Sorgavasal. and K. Shankar who was in the editing department. T. R. Rajakumari, Anjali Devi, U. R. Jeevarathinam, Madhuri Devi and Rajasulochana featured in many films shot in Central Studioc. Actress Sachu as childhood artist appeared in few films shot here.
Famous directors who operated out of the Studio were S. M. Sriramulu Naidu, Ellis R. Dungan, A. S. A. Sami, A. P. Nagarajan and popular duo Krishnan–Panju of Parasakthi fame who directed their first movie in Central Studios. India's pioneering Cinematographer Adi Merwan Irani worked in this studio for Sivakavi and Haridas. Sando Chinnappa Thevar, of Devar Films living nearby in Ramanathapuram was a body builder who worked as stunt actor before becoming one of Indias successful movie producers.

## Final years

In 1945 S. M. Sriramulu Naidu left Central Studios to start his own Studio called Pakshiraja Studios and B. Rangaswamy Naidu family bought out majority of its shares. During the late 1940s the management leased the Studio to Jupiter Pictures. After B. R. Naidu's demise the Studio management passed on to Lakshmi Mills family who closed it in 1959 as Chennai by then emerged as the major Movie hub and also as a result of other lobbying groups who wanted to keep movie industry out of Coimbatore, as it was then emerging into an Industrial and Educational hub. The Studio with its equipments were leased to other producers in 1958 and continued Film distribution till 1962.

## Present day

Most of the Studio structure is still intact as the B. R. Naidu family uses the premises for various industrial activities. Some of the buildings houses Textile production units and small workshops. During the 70s and 80s race car constructor and driver S. Karivardhan used the studio premises to build and test his race cars.
Till 2009 the text impression ‘ Central Studios’ can found at their main entrance gate. Recently in 2010 some structures were pulled down to make way for new developments. Post 2013 the studio premises was split between the family members of B. R. Naidu and though the buildings remain as it, the approach roads are different and still remain private.

## List of major releases

| # | Year | Title | Language | Production | Lead Cast | Director | Music Composer | Release Date & Notes |
| 1 | 1938 | Thukkaram | Tamil | Central Studios | Musiri Subramania Iyer, Chokkalinga Bhagavathar, K. Seetha, Meenambal | B. Narayan Rao | R. Balasaraswathi | 17 Sep 1938 The iconic Carnatic musician Musiri Subramania Iyer's only movie. . |
| 2 | 1938 | Thukkaram | Telugu | Central Studios | C. S. R. Anjaneyulu, Chokkalinga Bhagavathar, Kamalabai, Balasaraswathi | M. L. Tandon | R. Balasaraswathi | 17 Sep 1938 Shot simultaneously along with the Tamil version |
| 3 | 1939 | Rambaiyin Kaadhal | Tamil | Central Studios | K. Sarangkapani, K. L. V. Vasantha, N. S. Krishnan | B. Narayan Rao | Central Studios Orchestra | 24 Feb 1939 Debut movie for comedian T. S. Durairaj |
| 4 | 1939 | Prahalada (1939 film) | Tamil | Salem Sankar Films | T. R. Mahalingam, M. R. Santhanalakshmi, R. Balasubramaniam, Nagercoil K. Mahadevan,M. G. Ramachandran, N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram | B. Narayan Rao | Sharma Brothers | 12 Dec 1939 |
| 5 | 1940 | Bhooloka Rambai | Tamil | M. Somasundaram (Jupiter Somu) (Salem Shanmugha Films) & M.D. Viswanathan (Vijaya Maruthi Pictures) | K.L.V. Vasantha, T. K. Shanmugam, T.R. Mahalingam, T.S. Balaiah, N.S. Krishnan, T. A. Madhuram and Kumari Rukmini | B. Narayan Rao | G. Ramanathan | 14 Jan 1958 S.S. Vasan had just started Gemini Pictures Circuit as distributor, was looking for movies for distribution, called on Rao at Coimbatore and asked him whether he could complete the film in time for Deepavali if he funded the project. |
| 6 | 1940 | Naveena Vikramadityan | Tamil | Ashoka Films | N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram, T. S. Durairaj, M. R. Swaminathan | K. S. Mani | N. S. Balakrishnan | 29 Jun 1940 |
| 7 | 1941 | Chandrahari | Tamil | Ashoka Films | N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram, L. Narayana Rao, Kaka Radhakrishnan | K. S. Mani | N. S. Balakrishnan | As this was a short film, it was package as part 2 with another film Izhandha Kadhal (Part 1) |
| 8 | 1941 | Ezhandha Kadhal | Tamil | Ashoka Films | N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram, K. P. Kamatchi | K. S. Mani | N. S. Balakrishnan, K. M. Gowrisan | n/a |
| 9 | 1941 | Sathi Murali | Tamil | Central Studios, Saba Films | " M. K. Radha, M.R.Santhanalakshmi,T. R. Mahalingam, Nagercoil K. Mahadevan, L. Narayana Rao, Kali N. Ratnam, S. Varalakshmi, T. A. Mathuram | B. Narayan Rao,T. C. Vadivelu Naicker | | n/a |
| 10 | 1941 | Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1941 film) | Tamil | Ashoka Films | "N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram, M. R. Swaminathan, S. V. Sahasranamam | K. S. Mani | N. S. Balakrishnan | 15 Mar 1941 |
| 11 | 1941 | Aryamala | | Pakshiraja Films, K. S. Narayanan Iyengar | P. U. Chinnappa , M. S. Sarojini, M. R. Santhanalakshmi, N. S. Krishnan | Bomman Irani | G. Ramanathan | 19 Oct 1941 |
| 12 | 1942 | Prithivirajan | Tamil | Central Studios + Haran Talkies | P. U. Chinnappa, A. Sakunthala, T. S. Balaiah, M. R. Santhanalakshmi, N. S. Krishnan | B. Sampathkumar | G. Ramanathan | 29 Apr 1942 |
| 13 | 1943 | Jeevana Nataka | Kannada | Gubbi Films (Gubbi Veeranna) | Gubbi Veeranna, Kemparaj Urs, Shanta Hublikar, B. Jayamma | Wahab Kashmiri | S. V. Venkatraman, Ramayyar Shirur, Harmonium Sheshagirirao | 01 Jan 1943 Kemparaj Urs, the brother of future Chief Minister of Mysore State, D. Devaraj Urs, made his acting debut in the film. |
| 14 | 1943 | Sivakavi | Sivakavi | Central Studios, Pakshiraja Films | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, S. Jayalakshmi, T. R. Rajakumari, N. S. Krishnan | S. M. Sriramulu Naidu | Papanasam Sivan | 10 Apr 1943 Shooting started in 1942 with P. K. Raja Sandow as director. Due to disputes between Raja Sandow and producer S. M. Sriramulu Naidu, later took over direction. Script was by Elangovan. Was a major blockbuster all over Madras Presidency. |
| 15 | 1944 | Jagathalaprathapan (1944 film) | Tamil | Central Studios, Pakshiraja Films | P. U. Chinnappa, M. S. Sarojini, M. R. Santhanalakshmi, P. B. Rangachari, U. R. Jeevaratnam, S. Varalakshmi, T. A. Jayalakshmi, T. S. Balaiah, N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram | S. M. Sriramulu Naidu | G. Ramanathan | 07 Mar 1944 |
| 16 | 1944 | Haridas | Tamil | Rayal Talkie Distributors | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, T. R. Rajakumari, N. C. Vasanthakokilam, N. S. Krishnan | Sundar Rao Nadkarni | Papanasam Sivan, G. Ramanathan | 16 Oct 1944 One of the record setting blockbuster hit, released for 1944 Deepavali, it ran continuously in Madras Broadway Theater with full shows for 110 weeks, crossing 1945 and 1946 Deepavali's |
| 17 | 1945 | En Magan (1945 film) | Tamil | Central Studios | N. Krishnamoorthi, U. R. Jeevarathinam, D. Balasubramaniam, Kumari Kamala, C. K. Saraswathi | R. S. Mani | Papanasam Sivan, C. A. Lakshmana Das | 16 Feb 1945 |
| 18 | 1945 | Saalivaahanan | Tamil | Bhaskar Pictures | Ranjan, T. R. Rajakumari, M. G. Ramachandran, K. L. V. Vasantha, N. S. Krishnan | B. Narayan Rao | Nagercoil K. Mahadevan | 04 Nov 1945 The film had a love scene sequence between Ranjan and T. R. Rajakumari, in colour which was achieved manual hand-tinting for each frame. |
| 19 | 1946 | Valmiki | Tamil | Central Studios | C. Honnappa Bhagavathar, U. R. Jeevarathinam, T. R. Rajakumari, N. C. Vasanthakokilam | Sundar Rao Nadkarni | Papanasam Sivan | 13 Apr 1946 Originally signed with M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar as lead, shooting commenced in 1944 before his arrest in Lakshmikanthan Murder Case. Later, all scenes were re-shot with C. Honnappa Bhagavathar. |
| 20 | 1946 | Vidhyapathi | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | T. R. Ramachandran, K. Thavamani Devi, D. Balasubramaniam, M. N. Nambiar, D. Premawathi | A. T. Krishnaswami | Attapalli Rama Rao | 17 Oct 1946 |
| 21 | 1946 | Sri Murugan | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | Honnappa Bhagavathar, K. Malathi, M. G. Ramachandran, U. R. Jeevaratnam, P. S. Veerappa, Narasimha Bharathi, M. G. Chakrapani, Kali N. Rathnam | M. Somasundaram, V. S. Narayanan | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, S. V. Venkatraman | 27 Oct 1946 |
| 22 | 1947 | Asokamala | Sinhala | Sir Chittampalam A. Gardine | Shanthi Kumar, Emaline Dimbulana | Shanthi Kumar, T. R. Goppu | Mohammed Ghouse | 09 Apr 1947 |
| 23 | 1947 | Rajakumari (1947 film) | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | M. G. Ramachandran, K. Malathi, M. R. Saminathan, T.S.Balaiah, M. N. Nambiar | A. S. A. Sami | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu | 11 Apr 1947 |
| 24 | 1947 | Kanjan | Tamil | Jupiter + Central | S. V. Subbaiah, M. N. Nambiar, P. V. Narasimha Bharathi, K. Malathi, M. S. S. Bhagyam | Covai A. Aiyamuthu, T. R. Gopu | | 11 Nov 1947 |
| 25 | 1948 | Bilhanan | Tamil | TKS Brothers | T. K. Shanmugam, T. K. Bhagavathi, M. S. Draupathi | K.V. Srinivasan | T. A. Kalyanam | 23 Apr 1948 The story and screenplay by A.S.A. Sami. The song, "Thoondir Puzhuvinaipol” sung by TKS brothers, used lyrics by poet Subramania Bharati. Film producer A. V. Meiyappan, who held copyright to all Bharati's work, sued TKS Brothers for infringement. Later resolved by then Madras State Chief Minister O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar when he offered to purchase the rights and make Bharati's works copyright free |
| 26 | 1948 | Abhimanyu (1948 film) | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | M. G. Ramachandran, S. M. Kumaresan, M. R. Santhanalakshmi, M. G. Chakrapani, P.V.Narasimma bharathi, M. N. Nambiar | A. S. A. Sami | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, C. R. Subburaman | 6 May 1948 |
| 27 | 1948 | Mohini (1948 film) | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures , Central Studios | T. S. Balaiah, Madhuri Devi , M. G. Ramachandran, V. N. Janaki | Lanka Sathiyam | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, C. R. Subburaman | 13 Oct 1948 |
| 28 | 1949 | Velaikkaari | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | K. R. Ramasamy, Janaki Ramachandran, M. N. Nambiar | A. S. A. Sami | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, C. R. Subburaman | 25 Feb 1949 The film script was written by C. N. Annadurai (later chief minister of Tamil Nadu), his second film to be based on his plays. .. |
| 29 | 1949 | Kanniyin Kaadhali | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | Anjali Devi, Madhuri Devi , N. S. Krishnan, T. A. Mathuram | K. Ramnothand, A. K. Sekhar | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, C. R. Subburaman | 06 Aug 1949 The movie featured a dance sequence by the famed sister duo Lalitha and Padmini. |
| 30 | 1950 | Krishna Vijayam | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | N. C. Vasanthakokilam, P. V. Narasimha Bharathi, | Sundar Rao Nadkarni | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, C. R. Subburaman | 14 Jan 1950 The film featured dance by Lalitha and Padmini |
| 31 | 1950 | Vijayakumari (film) | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | K. R. Ramaswamy, T. R. Rajakumari, Serukulathur Sama, T. S. Balaiah, Kumari Kamala, P. K. Saraswathi, M. N. Nambiar | A. S. A. Sami | C. R. Subburaman | 18 Mar 1950 |
| 32 | 1951 | Marmayogi | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | M. G. Ramachandran, Anjali Devi, Madhuri Devi , M. N. Nambiar | K. Ramnoth | S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, C. R. Subburaman | 02 Feb 1951 M. G. Ramachandran played the lead role. First Tamil film to receive an "A" (Adults Only) certificate from Central Film Censor Board.Jupiter Pictures later remade in Telugu as Marmayogi (1964 film) starring N. T. Rama Rao |
| 33 | 1951 | Sudharshan | Tamil | Central Studios + Vauhini Studios (Rayal Talkies) | P. U. Chinnappa, P. Kannamba, (Yogam) Mangalam, Lalitha, T. S. Balaia, D. Balasubramaniam, P. B. Rangachari, C. K. Saraswathi | A. S. A. Sami, Sundar Rao Nadkarni | G. Ramanathan | 28 Nov 1951 P. U. Chinnappa the lead hero, died before the film was released. The same story was filmed simultaneously by Gemini Studios as Chakradhari and was released early, while Sudharshan was delayed and was released 3 years later in 1951. Also A. S. A. Sami, Director, was replaced by Sundar Rao Nadkarni. |
| 34 | 1951 | Kaithi | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | S. Balachandar, S. A. Natarajan, S. Revathi, S. Meenakshi, K. Malathy | S. Balachandar | S. Balachandar | 23 Dec 1951 |
| 35 | 1952 | Rani (1952 film) | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures | S. Balachander, P. Bhanumathi | L. V. Prasad | C. R. Subburaman, D. C. Dutt | 26 Apr 1952 Central + Neptune. |
| 36 | 1952 | Rani (1952 film) (Hindi) | Hindi | Jupiter Pictures | Anoop Kumar, P. Bhanumathi | L. V. Prasad | C. R. Subburaman, D. C. Dutt | 26 Apr 1952 Central + Neptune |
| 37 | 1952 | Puyal | Tamil | Pelican Pictures (K. P. George) | G. M. Basheer, M. V. Rajamma, G. M. Gulsar, K. R. Ramsingh | G. Viswanath | S. G. K. Pillai, P. S. Diwakar | 25 Jul 1952 |
| 38 | 1952 | Zamindar (1952 film) | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures + Sangeetha Pictures (Central ) | S. A. Natarajan. Madhuri Devi , M. V. Rajamma, D. Balasubramaniam, T. P. Muthulakshmi | P. V. Krishnan | G. Ramanathan | 30 Aug 1952 |
| 39 | 1953 | Naalvar | Tamil | M. A. Venu (Sangeetha Pictures) | A. P. Nagarajan, Kumari Thangam, N. N. Kannappa, M. N. Krishnan, Muthulakshmi | V. Krishnan | K. V. Mahadevan | 05 Nov 1953 |
| 40 | 1954 | Mangalyam (film) | Tamil | M. A. Venu (M. A. V Pictures) | A. P. Nagarajan, Rajasulochana, S. A. Natarajan, B. S. Saroja, A. Karunanidhi, S. Mohana, M. N. Nambiar, C. T. Rajakantham, M. M. A. Chinnapa Devar | K. Somu | K. V. Mahadevan | 22 May 1954 The Tamil movie debut of Rajasulochana |
| 41 | 1954 | Sorgavasal | Tamil | Jupiter Pictures + Parimalam Pictures | K. R. Ramaswamy, S. S. Rajendran, Anjali Devi, P. S. Veerappa, Padmini | A. Kasilingam | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy | 28 May 1954 The film was partly shot at Central Studios and Neptune Studios, Adyar, Madras. C. N. Annadurai for the first time was credited for screenplay and dialogues as Arignar Anna. |
| 42 | 1954 | Manasakshi | Malayalam | K. S. Akhileswarayyar (Ishwar Production) | "Prem Nazir, P. Bhaskaran, Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair, Hemalatha, T. R. Omana, Jose Prakash, P. A. Thomas | G. Viswanath | S. G. K. Pillai | 20 Aug 1954 The story of Ammaye Kaanaan (1963) closely resembled this film. |
| 43 | 1955 | Nalla Thangai | Tamil | S. A. Natarajan- Forward Art Films | M. N. Nambiar, Madhuri Devi, Rajasulochana, S. A. Natarajan T. S. Balaiah | S. A. Natarajan | G. Ramanathan | 5 Feb 1955Another film with the title Nalla Thangal was produced by Madras Movietones and was released at the end of this year with a different cast and crew. |
| 44 | 1955 | Mullaivanam | Tamil | Arvind Pictures (V. Krishnan) | Sriram, Kumari Rukmini, P. S. Veerappa, A. Karunanidhi | V. Krishnan | K. V. Mahadevan | 11 Mar 1955 |
| 45 | 1955 | Pennarasi | Tamil | M. A. Venu (M. A. V Pictures) | A. P. Nagarajan, P. Kannamba, Rajasulochana, M. N. Nambiar, P. S. Veerappa | K. Somu | K. V. Mahadevan | 07 Apr 1955 Story by A. P. Nagarajan |
| 46 | 1955 | Asai Anna Arumai Thambi | Tamil | Srimathi Pictures (Madhuri Devi ) | A. P. Nagarajan, Madhuri Devi , T. R. Ramachandran , V. M. Ezhumalai, Rajasulochana | G. R. Rao | K. V. Mahadevan | 29 Jun 1955 Newtone & Film Center |
| 47 | 1955 | Town Bus | Tamil | M. A. Venu (M. A. V Pictures) | N. N. Kannappa, Anjali Devi, A. Karunanidhi, M. N. Rajam | K. Somu | K. V. Mahadevan | 13 Nov 1955 Story by A. P. Nagarajan |
* The 1947 Sinhala film Asokamala was also shot in Central Studios
* The 1954 Prem Nazir hit movie Manasakshi was produced here.