# 1972 United States presidential election in Florida

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The 1972 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 7, 1972, as part of the concurrent United States presidential election. Florida voters chose seventeen electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon won the state over the Democratic nominee, South Dakota Senator George McGovern, by a landslide margin of 44.11% and over one million votes.
After having been among the strongest parts of the Democratic "Solid South" between 1892 and 1944 – except when vehement anti-Catholicism in the Panhandle and urban Republican support gave the state's electoral votes to Herbert Hoover in 1928 – Florida turned into a Republican-leaning state at the presidential level from 1948 due to the growth of a strongly business-oriented society in, and influx of conservative Northern retirees to, newly-developed South Florida following World War II. Aided by this vote, the Republicans carried Florida in all three presidential elections from 1952 to 1960, though North Florida remained Democratic-leaning.
The civil rights movement of the 1960s saw a dramatic change in the next two elections. The classically Deep Southern north of the state, affected by turmoil over school and university desegregation, went powerfully to the staunchly conservative Republican Barry Goldwater in 1964 and then to the segregationist third-party candidacy of George Wallace in 1968. The southern urban areas that had supported the Republicans between 1948 and 1960, meanwhile, contained huge numbers of former Northern retirees hostile to Goldwater's proposed privatization of Social Security, and turned first to Lyndon Johnson before Nixon recaptured most of them for the Republicans in 1968.
The 1972 Democratic presidential primary in Florida saw Wallace easily carry the state (including every county but highly urbanized Dade) in a ballot that also featured a referendum on court-ordered busing, in which more than three-fourths of voters supported a constitutional ban on the practice. McGovern and John Lindsay were supporters of busing who accused even their rivals Hubert Humphrey and Henry M. Jackson of being covert racists for their opposition thereto, while Wallace openly campaigned against it. Wallace, the opponent most feared by Nixon, was paralyzed by an attempted assassination in May, and McGovern won the nomination from powerful support in the Midwestern and Pacific states. Once McGovern won the nomination, he offered Florida Governor Reubin Askew the vice-presidential slot, but Askew turned the position down.
As of 2024, this is the last election in which Gadsden County voted for a Republican presidential candidate, and the only election in which a Republican won all of the state's counties. 78% of white voters supported Nixon while 22% supported McGovern.

## Primary elections
### Democratic

George Wallace would win a plurality of the Democratic Primary vote in all of the counties in the state.
Democratic Primary – March 14, 1972 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | George C. Wallace | 526,651 | 41.65% |
| | Democratic | Hubert Humphrey | 243,658 | 18.56% |
| | Democratic | Henry M. Jackson | 170,156 | 13.46% |
| | Democratic | Edmund Muskie | 112,523 | 8.90% |
| | Democratic | John Lindsay | 82,386 | 6.52% |
| | Democratic | George S. McGovern | 78,232 | 6.19% |
| | Democratic | Shirley Chisholm | 43,989 | 3.48% |
| | Democratic | Eugene McCarthy | 5,847 | 0.46% |
| | Democratic | Wilbur Mills | 4,539 | 0.36% |
| | Democratic | Vance Hartke | 3,009 | 0.24% |
| | Democratic | Sam Yorty | 2,564 | 0.20% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1,264,554 | 100 |

### Republican

Richard Nixon would end up winning a majority of the vote in all counties except for Desoto County.
Republican Primary – March 14, 1972 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Richard Nixon (incumbent) | 360,278 | 86.98% |
| | Republican | John M. Ashbrook | 36,617 | 8.84% |
| | Republican | Pete McCloskey | 17,312 | 4.18% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 414,207 | 100 |

## Results

Electoral results :
| Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Popular vote | Electoral vote | Running mate | Running mate | Running mate |
| Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Count | Percentage | Electoral vote | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote |
| Richard Nixon (incumbent) | Republican | California | 1,857,759 | 71.91% | 17 | Spiro Agnew (incumbent) | Maryland | 17 |
| George McGovern | Democratic | South Dakota | 718,117 | 27.80% | 0 | Sargent Shriver | Maryland | 0 |
| Various candidates | Write-ins | — | 7,407 | 0.29% | 0 | — | — | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 2,583,283 | 100% | 17 | | | 17 |
| Needed to win | Needed to win | Needed to win | Needed to win | Needed to win | 270 | | | 270 |

### Results by county

| County | Richard Nixon Republican | Richard Nixon Republican | George McGovern Democratic | George McGovern Democratic | Various candidates Write-ins | Various candidates Write-ins | Margin | Margin | Total votes cast |
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | Total votes cast |
| Alachua | 22,536 | 56.54% | 17,245 | 43.26% | 80 | 0.20% | 5,291 | 13.28% | 39,861 |
| Baker | 1,943 | 83.64% | 379 | 16.32% | 1 | 0.04% | 1,564 | 67.32% | 2,323 |
| Bay | 20,245 | 83.80% | 3,914 | 16.20% | | | 16,331 | 67.60% | 24,159 |
| Bradford | 3,652 | 73.67% | 1,217 | 24.55% | 88 | 1.78% | 2,435 | 49.12% | 4,957 |
| Brevard | 62,773 | 78.73% | 16,854 | 21.14% | 106 | 0.13% | 45,919 | 57.59% | 79,733 |
| Broward | 196,528 | 72.41% | 74,127 | 27.31% | 754 | 0.28% | 122,401 | 45.10% | 271,409 |
| Calhoun | 2,069 | 81.68% | 461 | 18.20% | 3 | 0.12% | 1,608 | 63.48% | 2,533 |
| Charlotte | 12,888 | 76.64% | 3,874 | 23.04% | 55 | 0.33% | 9,014 | 53.60% | 16,817 |
| Citrus | 8,848 | 77.22% | 2,607 | 22.75% | 3 | 0.03% | 6,241 | 54.47% | 11,458 |
| Clay | 10,467 | 85.53% | 1,748 | 14.28% | 23 | 0.19% | 8,719 | 71.25% | 12,238 |
| Collier | 13,501 | 80.63% | 3,201 | 19.12% | 42 | 0.25% | 10,300 | 61.51% | 16,744 |
| Columbia | 6,723 | 80.16% | 1,664 | 19.84% | | | 5,059 | 60.32% | 8,387 |
| Dade | 256,529 | 58.87% | 177,693 | 40.78% | 1,541 | 0.35% | 78,836 | 18.09% | 435,763 |
| DeSoto | 2,958 | 77.58% | 852 | 22.34% | 3 | 0.08% | 2,106 | 55.24% | 3,813 |
| Dixie | 1,628 | 81.52% | 367 | 18.38% | 2 | 0.10% | 1,261 | 63.14% | 1,997 |
| Duval | 122,154 | 72.19% | 46,530 | 27.50% | 520 | 0.31% | 75,624 | 44.69% | 169,204 |
| Escambia | 56,071 | 79.57% | 14,078 | 19.98% | 315 | 0.45% | 41,993 | 59.59% | 70,464 |
| Flagler | 1,409 | 74.08% | 493 | 25.92% | | | 916 | 48.16% | 1,902 |
| Franklin | 2,277 | 82.14% | 490 | 17.68% | 5 | 0.18% | 1,787 | 64.46% | 2,772 |
| Gadsden | 5,995 | 61.01% | 3,829 | 38.97% | 2 | 0.02% | 2,166 | 22.04% | 9,826 |
| Gilchrist | 1,306 | 83.45% | 247 | 15.78% | 12 | 0.77% | 1,059 | 67.67% | 1,565 |
| Glades | 1,019 | 78.81% | 253 | 19.57% | 21 | 1.62% | 766 | 59.24% | 1,293 |
| Gulf | 2,628 | 78.54% | 713 | 21.31% | 5 | 0.15% | 1,915 | 57.23% | 3,346 |
| Hamilton | 1,741 | 73.34% | 626 | 26.37% | 7 | 0.29% | 1,115 | 46.97% | 2,374 |
| Hardee | 3,563 | 84.57% | 647 | 15.36% | 3 | 0.07% | 2,916 | 69.21% | 4,213 |
| Hendry | 2,763 | 78.85% | 739 | 21.09% | 2 | 0.06% | 2,024 | 57.76% | 3,504 |
| Hernando | 6,296 | 74.87% | 2,110 | 25.09% | 3 | 0.04% | 4,186 | 49.78% | 8,409 |
| Highlands | 9,645 | 79.49% | 2,458 | 20.26% | 30 | 0.25% | 7,187 | 59.23% | 12,133 |
| Hillsborough | 106,956 | 70.13% | 45,305 | 29.71% | 249 | 0.16% | 61,651 | 40.42% | 152,510 |
| Holmes | 3,819 | 92.51% | 309 | 7.49% | | | 3,510 | 85.02% | 4,128 |
| Indian River | 11,741 | 77.85% | 3,316 | 21.99% | 25 | 0.17% | 8,425 | 55.86% | 15,082 |
| Jackson | 8,904 | 79.99% | 2,220 | 19.94% | 8 | 0.07% | 6,684 | 60.05% | 11,132 |
| Jefferson | 2,108 | 66.04% | 1,049 | 32.86% | 35 | 1.10% | 1,059 | 33.18% | 3,192 |
| Lafayette | 1,060 | 85.69% | 173 | 13.99% | 4 | 0.32% | 887 | 71.70% | 1,237 |
| Lake | 23,079 | 82.63% | 4,803 | 17.20% | 48 | 0.17% | 18,276 | 65.43% | 27,930 |
| Lee | 36,738 | 79.46% | 9,404 | 20.34% | 93 | 0.20% | 27,334 | 59.12% | 46,235 |
| Leon | 27,479 | 63.72% | 15,555 | 36.07% | 92 | 0.21% | 11,924 | 27.65% | 43,126 |
| Levy | 3,273 | 79.12% | 862 | 20.84% | 2 | 0.05% | 2,411 | 58.28% | 4,137 |
| Liberty | 1,199 | 84.38% | 222 | 15.62% | | | 977 | 68.76% | 1,421 |
| Madison | 3,236 | 72.92% | 1,187 | 26.75% | 15 | 0.34% | 2,049 | 46.17% | 4,438 |
| Manatee | 32,664 | 79.79% | 8,058 | 19.68% | 218 | 0.53% | 24,606 | 60.11% | 40,940 |
| Marion | 19,505 | 78.18% | 5,397 | 21.63% | 46 | 0.18% | 14,108 | 56.55% | 24,948 |
| Martin | 11,296 | 78.83% | 2,946 | 20.56% | 88 | 0.61% | 8,350 | 58.27% | 14,330 |
| Monroe | 11,688 | 72.18% | 4,469 | 27.60% | 36 | 0.22% | 7,219 | 44.58% | 16,193 |
| Nassau | 5,078 | 79.44% | 1,293 | 20.23% | 21 | 0.33% | 3,785 | 59.21% | 6,392 |
| Okaloosa | 23,303 | 88.64% | 2,843 | 10.81% | 144 | 0.55% | 20,460 | 77.83% | 26,290 |
| Okeechobee | 2,581 | 80.58% | 621 | 19.39% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,960 | 61.19% | 3,203 |
| Orange | 94,516 | 79.57% | 23,840 | 20.07% | 421 | 0.35% | 70,676 | 59.50% | 118,777 |
| Osceola | 9,320 | 82.94% | 1,875 | 16.69% | 42 | 0.37% | 7,445 | 66.25% | 11,237 |
| Palm Beach | 108,670 | 72.35% | 40,825 | 27.18% | 708 | 0.47% | 67,845 | 45.17% | 150,203 |
| Pasco | 29,249 | 71.91% | 11,330 | 27.85% | 97 | 0.24% | 17,919 | 44.06% | 40,676 |
| Pinellas | 179,541 | 69.83% | 77,197 | 30.02% | 378 | 0.15% | 102,344 | 39.81% | 257,116 |
| Polk | 60,748 | 78.42% | 16,419 | 21.20% | 293 | 0.38% | 44,329 | 57.22% | 77,460 |
| Putnam | 8,741 | 74.61% | 2,901 | 24.76% | 74 | 0.63% | 5,840 | 49.85% | 11,716 |
| St. John's | 8,919 | 77.48% | 2,549 | 22.14% | 43 | 0.37% | 6,370 | 55.34% | 11,511 |
| St. Lucie | 14,258 | 75.40% | 4,593 | 24.29% | 59 | 0.31% | 9,665 | 51.11% | 18,910 |
| Santa Rosa | 12,669 | 88.94% | 1,491 | 10.47% | 85 | 0.60% | 11,178 | 78.47% | 14,245 |
| Sarasota | 48,939 | 79.95% | 12,235 | 19.99% | 36 | 0.06% | 36,704 | 59.96% | 61,210 |
| Seminole | 27,658 | 80.84% | 6,503 | 19.01% | 51 | 0.15% | 21,155 | 61.83% | 34,212 |
| Sumter | 3,695 | 76.71% | 1,107 | 22.98% | 15 | 0.31% | 2,588 | 53.73% | 4,817 |
| Suwannee | 4,435 | 80.77% | 1,027 | 18.70% | 29 | 0.53% | 3,408 | 62.07% | 5,491 |
| Taylor | 4,109 | 84.50% | 754 | 15.50% | | | 3,355 | 69.00% | 4,863 |
| Union | 1,314 | 83.85% | 253 | 16.15% | | | 1,061 | 67.70% | 1,567 |
| Volusia | 52,656 | 70.60% | 21,637 | 29.01% | 290 | 0.39% | 31,019 | 41.59% | 74,583 |
| Wakulla | 2,466 | 82.01% | 539 | 17.92% | 2 | 0.07% | 1,927 | 64.09% | 3,007 |
| Walton | 6,217 | 85.93% | 988 | 13.66% | 30 | 0.41% | 5,229 | 72.27% | 7,235 |
| Washington | 3,777 | 86.11% | 606 | 13.82% | 3 | 0.07% | 3,171 | 72.29% | 4,386 |
| Totals | 1,857,759 | 71.91% | 718,117 | 27.80% | 7,407 | 0.29% | 1,139,642 | 44.11% | 2,583,283 |

### By congressional district

Nixon won all 15 congressional districts, including 11 held by Democrats.
| District | Nixon | McGovern |
| 1st | 83.7% | 16.3% |
| 2nd | 68.6% | 31.4% |
| 3rd | 69.8% | 30.2% |
| 4th | 76.5% | 23.5% |
| 5th | 76.3% | 23.7% |
| 6th | 69.4% | 30.6% |
| 7th | 69.7% | 30.3% |
| 8th | 79.4% | 20.6% |
| 9th | 80.5% | 19.5% |
| 10th | 79.2% | 20.8% |
| 11th | 74.2% | 25.8% |
| 12th | 72% | 28% |
| 13th | 55.5% | 44.5% |
| 14th | 58.1% | 41.9% |
| 15th | 63.4% | 36.6% |

## Analysis

Incumbent President Nixon overwhelmingly won the state of Florida with 71.91% of the vote, carrying all of Florida's 67 counties (the last time any presidential candidate has won every single county in the state) and seventeen electoral votes. This made Florida about 21% more Republican than the nation-at-large, the farthest to the right of the nation it has ever voted. Nixon's victory in Florida made it his fifth strongest state after Mississippi, Georgia, Oklahoma and Alabama. McGovern reached 40% of the vote only in Dade County with its substantial Jewish and Latin populations, plus Alachua County with its large population of liberal college students who were a major base for his candidacy – and the Democratic candidate only reached thirty percent of the vote in four other counties. Nixon's message enabled him to capture virtually all of the Wallace vote from 1968, as shown by the fact that pineywoods Holmes County, which had been Wallace's fifth-strongest county in 1968, was to be Nixon's fourth-best county in 1972 with over 92% of the vote.
In addition to hostility towards busing and the "acid, amnesty and abortion" policies which Nixon consistently accused McGovern of despite eventual running mate Sargent Shriver being firmly opposed to abortion, the Democratic campaign in Florida was also crippled by McGovern's policy of normalizing relationships with Fidel Castro's Cuba. Relationships with Cuba were a hotbed issue in the most liberal and least Southern region of the state around Miami, and drove even many voters who had supported Humphrey in 1968 to Nixon and the Republican Party. This allowed the GOP to carry Monroe County, which had consistently voted Democratic since 1888.