OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ham Urban District

Ham was a local government district in north east Surrey, England around the village of Ham from 1894 to 1933.
Ham Common Local Government District was formed under the Local Government Act 1858 and was governed by a local board of eight members. The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the area as Ham Urban District, with an elected urban district council of 10 members replacing the local board. The urban district consisted of the civil parish of Ham with Hatch, renamed as "Ham" in 1897.
The urban district was abolished in 1933, when a county review order included its area in an enlarged Municipal Borough of Richmond.
Since 1965 Ham has been part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.
# Marcus Junius Rufus

Marcus Junius Rufus was a Roman eques who lived in the 1st century. A member of the ancient gens Junia, is best known for being praefectus or governor of Roman Egypt from 94 to 98. This was an important post, for Egypt supplied a large share of the grain needs of Rome. Rufus showed himself a capable governor, for he held his appointment over the reigns of three Emperors.
Although it can be assumed Rufus passed through the tres militiae, the normal beginning of careers for equites, the only office attested for him is his governorship. While governor, he married Claudia Capitolina, the daughter of Tiberius Claudius Balbilus, who had been governor of Egypt a generation before. He was Capitolina's second husband; her first husband was the prince of Commagene, Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes who had died in Athens in 92.
In his monograph on polyonymous names of the first centuries of the Roman Empire, Olli Salomies notes that while some have suggested that Rufus had adopted the consul of 128, Marcus Junius Mettius Rufus, he points out that the cognomen "Rufus" goes with the nomen "Mettius" and concludes "there need not be a connection between the prefect and the consul."
After Junius Rufus stepped down from his appointment in Egypt, his life is a blank.

## Sources

* ↑ Guido Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30$^a$ al 299$^p$", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 17 (1975), pp. 278f
* ↑ Ronald Syme, Tacitus (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1958), p. 55
* ↑ E.A. Hemelrijk, Matrona Docta: Educated Women in the Roman Élite from Cornelia to Julia Domna, (London: Routledge, 2004), p. 170
* ↑ Salomies, Adoptive and polyonymous nomenclature in the Roman Empire, (Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1992), p. 97
Political offices :
| Preceded byTitus Petronius Secundus | Prefect of Egypt 94–98 | Succeeded byGaius Pompeius Planta |
# List of biographies of Richard III of England

List of published printed works in English where Richard III of England is among the main subjects.

## Non-fiction

| Title | Year | Author |
| Richard III | 2024 | Andrea McMillin |
| Richard III's books | 2024 | Anne F. Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs |
| The Hours of Richard III | 2024 | Anne F. Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs |
| Richard III's bodies | 2022 | Jeffrey R. Wilson |
| The King's Grave/The Lost King | 2022 | Philippa Langley, John Ashdown-Hill |
| Richard III: A Failed King? | 2021 | Rosemary Horrox |
| Richard III: Loyalty Binds Me | 2020 | Matthew Lewis |
| Richard III in the North | 2020 | MJ Trow |
| This Son of York | 2019 | Anne Easter Smith |
| Richard III: Fact and Fiction | 2019 | Matthew Lewis |
| Richard III: The Self-Made King | 2019 | Michael Hicks |
| Richard III: Brother Protector King/Englands’ Most Controversial King | 2018 | Chris Skidmore |
| The Children of Richard III | 2018 | Peter Hammond |
| The Family of Richard III | 2017 | Michael Hicks |
| The Mythology of Richard III | 2016 | John Ashdown-Hill |
| On the Trail of Richard III | 2016 | Kristie Dean |
| Richard III | 2015 | David Baldwin |
| Richard III: A Ruler and his reputation | 2015 | David Horspool |
| The Bones of a King | 2015 | Maev Kennedy and Lin Foxhall |
| Digging for Richard III | 2015 | Michael Pitts |
| The Man who killed Richard III | 2015 | Susan Fern |
| Richard III: The King in the car park | 2015 | Terry Breverton |
| Richard III: The Road to Leicester | 2014 | Amy Licence |
| Richard III: A Short Guide to the Great Debate | 2013 | Annette Carson |
| Richard III and the Princes in the Tower | 2011 | Alison Weir |
| Richard III and the murder in the tower | 2011 | Peter A. Hancock |
| The Last Days of Richard III | 2010 | John Ashdown-Hill |
| Richard III and the death of chivalry | 2009 | David Hipshon |
| Richard III: The Young King to Be | 2009 | Josephine Wilkinson |
| Richard III: The Maligned King | 2008 | Annette Carson |
| Royal Blood | 1998 | Bertram Fields |
| Richard III: A Sourcebook | 1997 | Keith Dockray |
| Richard III and the Princes in the Tower | 1991 | A J Pollard |
| Richard III: The Road to Bosworth | 1985 | Anne F. Sutton |
| The Trial of Richard III | 1984 | Richard Drewett |
| Richard III | 1983 | Charles Derek Ross |
| Richard III | 1983 | Desmond Seward |
| Good King Richard? | 1983 | Jeremy Potter |
| Richard III and his early historians | 1975 | Alison Hanham |
| The Life and Times of Richard III | 1972 | Anthony Cheetham |
| The Betrayal of Richard III | 1959 | Vivian Beatrix Lamb |
| Richard the Third | 1955 | Paul Murray Kendall |
| Richard III: His Life and Character | 1905 | Clements Markham |
| History of the Life and Reign of Richard III | 1898 | James Gairdner |
| The Unpopular King | 1885 | Alfred Owen Legge |
| Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of Richard III | 1768 | Horace Walpole |
| The History of Richard III | 1619 | George Buck |
| Richard III | 1513 | Thomas More |
| The Usurpation of Richard III | 1485 | Dominic Mancini |
# Geva Carmel

Geva Carmel (Hebrew: גֶּבַע כַּרְמֶל, lit. 'Carmel Hill') is a moshav in northern Israel. Located near Atlit, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,205.

## Etymology

The moshav takes its name from the Hellenistic Jewish city of Geba, which according to Josephus was situated in a large plain near Galilee and Mount Carmel. It is also mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History.

## History

Geva Carmel was established in 1949 by immigrants from Tunisia and Turkey, including Moshe Sardines, who later served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai. According to Walid Khalidi, it was built east of the village of al-Sarafand, named for and built on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Jaba', about 1/2 km northwest of the village site.
# Anwar Hossain Chowdhury

Anwar Hossain Chowdhury is a retired brigadier general of the Bangladesh Army, politician of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and former member of parliament for Barisal-6 constituency.

## Early life

Chowdhury was born in Barisal District.

## Career

Chowdhury is a retired brigadier general of the Bangladesh Army. He was elected a member of parliament for the Barisal-6 constituency as a candidate of Bangladesh Nationalist Party in the Sixth Parliamentary Election on 15 February 1996.
# You (The Who song)

"You" is a song by the English rock band the Who, written by bassist John Entwistle and sung by Roger Daltrey. It is one of two songs written by Entwistle for Face Dances (the Who's first studio album without drummer Keith Moon); the other song being "The Quiet One". "You" was released as the B-side on the "Don't Let Go the Coat" single.

## Background

The song was intended to appear on one of Entwistle's solo studio albums, but drummer Kenney Jones (who replaced deceased Moon) convinced him to use the song for the Who. Jones said "When I first joined (the Who), John (Entwistle) and I used to go down to Shepperton and just work out and have a play. He was working on this song and trying to arrange it, we both sort of arranged it together. I just loved it so much, he was going to put it on his solo album, and I said 'I think that's a definite Who song. You can't do that.' I made him sit on it for a year until we actually started recording. I'm so pleased I did it is definitely one of those exciting songs."
"You" was never performed live by the Who but it was played by Entwistle's solo bands.

## Critical reception

Authors Alan Parker and Steve Grantley said that the song was "possibly the worst lyrics John ever penned." They also said that the lyrics "highlight just how desperate for material the band were."
But it's notable that these two couldn't begin to write a better song.
# Rawhi Fattouh

Rawhi Fattuh (Arabic: روحي فتوح, Rawḥī Fatūḥ, also transliterated as Rauhi Fattouh; born 23 August 1949) is the current Chairman of Palestinian Legislative Council, having held the position since February 2020. He had previously held the same position in 2004, and for that reason he became the interim President of the Palestinian Authority, following the death of Yasser Arafat on 11 November 2004, until 15 January 2005. Under Palestinian law, he held the Presidency only until elections were held. The elections were held and won by Mahmoud Abbas, who was sworn in on 15 January 2005. Fattuh was again elected to the Central Committee of Fatah in December 2016.

## Biography

Fattuh was elected in 1996 as a representative to the Palestinian Legislative Council of the town of Rafah (in the Gaza Strip), where he was born and has lived for most of his life. He served as secretary to the PLC until October 2003, when he became the minister of agriculture in the government of Prime Minister Ahmed Qureia.
In July 2004, Fatah nominated Fattuh as its candidate for Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council, with 34 Fatah delegates voting in favour and 10 against.
In November 2004, Fattuh supported Ahmed Qurei, his predecessor as speaker and former prime minister, to succeed Arafat as president.
Fattuh was sworn in as interim President of the Palestinian National Authority on 11 November 2004 after the death of Arafat. After taking the oath, Fattuh praised Arafat as a martyr of the Palestinian people and promised to faithfully follow Arafat's policies.
Fattuh did not run in the 2006 legislative election and is no longer a member of the PLC.
In 2022, Fattouh chaired the 18-member Fatah-dominated PLO Executive Committee. Fattouh, a member of the PNC's founding generation, was considered by analysts to be dull and lacking any political influence to actually rule.
Israel revoked the entry permits to Israel for Fattouh and two other senior Palestinian officials in January 2023 after they visited Karim Younis, who was freed from prison after being convicted of murdering an Israeli soldier in 1980.
On 30 November 2024, Fattouh was nominated by Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas to assume the presidency in the event of his incapacity.

## Views

At an event in Algeria in 2023, Fattuh claimed that Arabs had inhabited Jerusalem for over 1.5 million years, while Jews had only been in the Middle East for 6,000 years. The oldest human fossils found date to around 300,000 years ago, 1.2 million years later than Fattouh's claim.
# Massilia Sound System

Massilia Sound System is a reggae band from Marseille, France, formed in the early 1980s.

## Musical style and politics

Band member Papet Jali has described the stylings of the band as including reggae, ragamuffin music, and dancehall music. The band's music has lyrics both in French and in Occitan, the traditional language of the region the band comes from. The band "promotes the conservation and vibrancy of [Occitan] and its dialects". Band member Tatou has said that the French government "still sees regional cultures that are not the language of the court of Versailles as exotic, folkloric, bizarre – cute but unimportant".
Their recent albums have incorporated more rock sounds, with deepening explorations into world music, such as the use of tabla, and make further incursions into drum and bass and hip-hop.

## History

The band was formed in the early 1980s, during a time of economic crisis in Marseille. In an interview with CNN, Papet Jali said that "The National Front with [Marine] Le Pen came up strongly in Marseille, 28% in the local polls, which was shameful to us, and we reacted to that by singing." The band's name is derived from Massilia, the native Occitan name of Marseille. Their decision to sing in Occitan was inspired by hearing the music of Jamaicans singing in Jamaican Patois, which they admired as the Jamaicans "owning their heritage". Their debut album Parla Patois came out in 1992, and features lyrics relating to these themes.
Massilia Sound System re-popularized the city of Marseille in the 1990s, in conjunction with the success of Olympique de Marseille, the local soccer club. Intra-regional links were formed with other groups, such as Claude Sicre's Fabulous Trobadors in Toulouse, Les Nux Vomica in Nice, and other reggae groups using the culture and language of the region.
On 18 July 2008, Lux B, one of the singers of Massilia Sound System, died at the age of 47 after battling an illness for some time.

## Discography

* Rude et souple (demo cassette)
* Vive le PIIM (demo cassette)
* Parla Patois (1992)
* Chourmo (1993)
* Commando Fada (1995)
* On met le òai partout (live album) 1996)
* Aïolliwood (1997)
* Marseille London Experience (1999)
* 3968 CR 13 (2000)
* Occitanista (2002)
* Massilia fait tourner (live album) (2004)
* Òai e Libertat (2007)
* Massilia (2014)
* Sale Caractère (2021)
# Dasaradhi Rangacharya

Dasaradhi Rangacharya (24 August 1928 – 7 June 2015), also spelled Dasarathi Rangacharya, was an Indian poet and writer in the Telugu language. He participated actively in the Telangana armed struggle against the rule of the Nizams. His writings incorporated the lifestyle of the people of Telangana under the rule of the Nizams. He was conferred with Kala Ratna award in 2001.

## Personal life

Dasaradhi Rangacharya was born on 24 August 1928 in Hyderabad State (in present-day Telangana). Upon being expelled from school, he moved to Vijayawada for further education. He was married to Kamalamma and had a son and two daughters. His brother, Dasarathi Krishnamacharya, was also a writer.

## Career

Dasaradhi started working as a teacher during 1951 to 1957. Later he moved to Hyderabad and worked between 1957 and 1988 in the municipal corporation in Secunderabad Division.

## Writings

Dasaradhi incorporated the lifestyle of the people of Telangana under the rule of Nizam of Hyderabad in his novels, and he became a great writer in Telangana. He came into prominence after his trilogy novels Chillara Devullu  [te] (transl. The lesser deities), Modugu Poolu (transl. Fire flowers) and Janapadam. He wrote them in the Telangana dialect against the counsel of his peers. These are considered "rarest of the great novels produced in Telangana" on the account of feudalism and lower literacy rate present in then Telangana region. Chillara Devullu was published in 1969 and was adapted into a 1977 Telugu movie by the same name–Chillara Devullu  [te].
Other novels that he wrote include Srimadramayanam (Ramayana), Sri Mahabharatam (Mahabharata), Devadasu Uttaralu (transl. Letters from Devdas (character)), Chaturveda Samhita, Amrutha Upanishathu and Amruthangamaya among others. "Maya Jalataru", "Sara Talpam" and "Ranunnadi Edi Nizam". He translated the four Vedas into the Telugu language. He wrote his autobiography under the title Jeevanayanam (transl. Journey of life).

## Awards

Dasaradhi was conferred with Kala Ratna in 2001 by the government of United Andhra Pradesh.

## Death

Dasaradhi died on 8 June 2015 in Yashoda Hospitals in Somajiguda and was given a state funeral by the Government of Telangana.
# Neal Adams bibliography

Neal Adams was a comic artist and creator who worked on a large number of comic books and characters, particularly for DC Comics and Marvel Comics, and even creating his own company, Continuity Comics
# Guido Meregalli

Guido Meregalli (1894 – 1959) was an Italian racing driver, known from several GP victories between 1920 and 1926.
He had victories in the 1920 Grand Prix season, winning the Targa Florio 1920 in a 4.4-litre Nazzaro GP. Driving a Diatto alongside Alfieri Maserati, he won the Circuito del Garda race three years in a row, the 1922 Grand Prix season in a Tipo 20 (2-litre, four-cylinder), 1923 and 1924 in a Tipo 20S. At the VI Coppa Florio 1922, he was leading in the Diatto GP305 when he crashed, killing his mechanic Giuseppe Giacchino. The immediate follower, Henry Segrave gave first aid and helped out. Switching to Maserati, Meregalli failed to finish in the 1926 Italian Grand Prix, driving a Tipo 26 (1.5-litre, eight-cylinder).
# Polk

Polk may refer to:

## People

* Polk (name), a list of people with the surname or given name

## Places in the United States

* Polk, Illinois, an unincorporated community
* Polk, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Polk, Nebraska, a village
* Polk, Ohio, a village
* Polk, Pennsylvania, a borough
* Polk, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Polk, Wisconsin, a town
* Polk City, Florida, a city
* Polk City, Iowa, a city
* Polk County (disambiguation)
* Polk Township (disambiguation)
* Camp Polk (Oregon), a former military installation
* Fort Johnson, formerly Fort Polk, a United States Army base in Leesville, Louisiana

## Other uses

* Polk Street, San Francisco
* Polk station, a train station in Chicago, Illinois
* POLK, a human gene
* Polk Audio, American audio equipment manufacturer
* Polk Home, Columbia, Tennessee, sole surviving residence of U.S. President James K. Polk
* Polk Hotel, an historic hotel in Haines City, Florida
* Polk State College, Winter Haven, Florida
# Carolyn Dando

Carolyn Dando (28 April 1989) is an actress and singer from Auckland, New Zealand.
Dando's first role was in the TV film Fatal Contact: Bird Flu in America (2006).
Dando next appeared in Peter Jackson's feature film adaptation of The Lovely Bones (2009).

## Early life

Dando was born in Auckland, New Zealand. As a young child she had a passion for music, not acting. At the age of 10 years she was picked to sing with Suzanne Prentice at a World Vision "Kids for Kids" Concert. The following year she gave a solo performance in front of several hundred schoolchildren and their parents at the annual regional school choir festival, with guests including the Mayor of Auckland City. She was encouraged by teachers to develop her talent, and began to study classical singing (as well as theory and piano) with the professional soprano Gina Sanders.

## Career

Her first professional role was in Fatal Contact: Bird Flu in America, a made-for-television movie. But her big break came when she landed a part in The Lovely Bones. In 2010, she appeared on the show Shortland Street. In 2012 she appeared as Hailey in Girl vs. Boy.

## Filmography

Film and television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | Fatal Contact: Bird Flu in America | Lauren Connelly | TV film |
| 2009 | The Lovely Bones | Ruth Connors | |
| 2009 | Legend of the Seeker | Veta | Episode: "Fury" |
| 2010 | Shortland Street | Paula Sinclair (Penny Rourke) | Recurring role |
| 2011 | Nothing Trivial | Georgia | Episodes: "What Is the Expression...", "Who Said..." |
| 2012–13 | Girl vs. Boy | Hailey | Recurring role |
| 2013 | The Blue Rose | Hayley | Episode: "Paint a Vulgar Picture" |
| 2014 | White Lies | Katie | Short film |
| 2014 | Dick Off | Sweet Bit of Sugar On The Side | Short film |
| 2015 | The Monster of Mangatiti | Christine | TV film |
| 2015 | Power Rangers Dino Charge | Assistant | Episode: "Rise of a Ranger" |
| 2016 | The Shannara Chronicles | Utopian woman | Episode: "Utopia" |
# Alienacanthus

Alienacanthus (/æliˌiːnəˈkænθəs/) (meaning "alien spine") is a genus of selenosteid placoderm from the Famennian Ostrówka Quarry in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Poland, and Kowala Quarry along with the Maïder Basin in the Anti-Atlas, Morocco. The type and only species is A. malkowskii, known from a handful of specimens.

## Description

Alienacanthus' holotype, MZ VIII Vp-45, was referred to A. malkowskii in 1957 by Kulczycki, (1957). It consists of what were originally interpreted as "fragments of large osseous spines". However two epitypes described by Jobbins et al., (2024) that preserve more material shows that what Kulczycki, (1957) interpreted as "spines" are in fact fragmentary inferognathals. The epitypes, PIMUZ A/I 5239 and MCD 201, both comprise "a nearly complete articulated skull with all gnathal elements." and "left side of partially preserved skull with all gnathal elements." respectively. The combination of a short upper jaw and elongated lower jaw is a striking case of convergent evolution with halfbeaks. Alienacanthus was likely piscivorous, with jaws bearing sharp, posteriorly recurved teeth on both its upper and lower jaws, suggesting a grasping and trapping live prey.

## Etymology

The generic name, Alienacanthus (Latin pronunciation:), derives from the Latin 'aliena' which means alien, and 'canthus' which means spine, referring to what Kulczycki, (1957) thought were spines. The specific name, malkowskii, is named after Prof. St. Malkowski, the former Director of the Muzeum Ziemi in Warsaw; Poland.

## Classification

Originally, Kulczycki, (1957) described Alienacanthus as a putative placoderm, noting that the traits the holotype possessed did not belong in either Selachii or Acanthodii. Jobbins et al., (2024) ran a parsimony analysis utilising a character matrix based on 98 characters for 28 taxa. The analysis resulted in Alienacanthus being recovered in Selenosteidae in a polytomy with Amazichthys, and a polytomic clade comprising Melanosteus, Enseosteus, Walterosteus, and Draconichthys. Their results are shown below:
# Gudrat Gasanguliev

Gudrat Gasanguliev (Azerbaijani: Qüdrət Müzəffər oğlu Həsənquliyev, born 29 January 1965) is an Azerbaijani politician, and the chairman of the Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (BAXCP) since 2004. He is also the Member of the National Assembly since 2003. He unsuccessfully contested for presidential elections since 2003, in which he lost to the incumbent President Ilkham Aliyev.
Gasanguliev was born on 29 January 1965 in the village of Abragunus, Dzhulfa District, Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. He graduated with honours from the Faculty of Law of Baku State University. Prior to entering politics, he worked as an investigator in the prosecutor's office of the Nasimi District of Baku, assistant to the Secretary of State of Azerbaijan, and as a senior lecturer at Baku Asia University.
Although Gasanguliev started his political career in the Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (AXCP), he withdrew from the party in 2002 due to internal conflicts. He was firstly elected to the National Assembly in 2003.
Gasanguliev supports to rename the country's name to "Northern Azerbaijan". He, who criticises the country for being an undemocratic, supports the parliamentary system with a symbolic President and executive Prime Minister.
# Permocupedoidea

Permocupedoidea is a superfamily of Protocoleoptera that contains two known families. The type family is Permocupedidae.
# Muireadhach ua Flaithbheartach

Muireadhach ua Flaithbheartach, also known as Murchadh an Chapail Ua Flaithbheartaigh (died 1034-6), was King of Maigh Seóla.

## Biography

The Annals of Inisfallen state 1027 - Muiredach Ua Flaithbertaig besieged Cathal, son of Ruaidrí, on Inis Crema in Loch Oirbsen, and divided his land despite him.
The Chronicon Scotorum states Muiredhach ua Flaitbertaigh king of the Ua mBriuin Sheola was treacherously killed.
Muireadhach was a grandson of Flaithbheartach, hence his suffix, which would become the surname Ua/Ó Flaithbheartaigh/O'Flaherty. The genealogies name his father as Maelcairearda; a person of this name died in 993, listed a king of Uí Briúin, but not explicitly as king of Uí Briúin Seóla. He is listed as having three sons – Ruaidhrí of Lough Cimbe, Donagh Aluinn and Aedh. From Ruaidhrí and Donagh would descended the eastern and western Ó Flaithbheartaigh's of Connemara.
| Preceded byBrian mac Maelruanaidh | King of Maigh Seóla 1003?–1034 | Succeeded byCathal mac Ruaidhri |