OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andrew Hay (moderator)

Andrew Hay of Renfield (c.1540–1593) was a Scottish minister who served twice as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in both 1573/4 and 1580/1. From 1569 to 1586 he was also Rector of the University of Glasgow.

## Life

Hay was born the son of William Hay, 4th Laird of Talla in Tweedsmuir and Janet Spottiswood. His older brother George Hay of Rathven was Moderator in 1571. He graduated MA from Glasgow University
In 1556 Hay was prependary of Renfrew and by 1558 both pastor and rector of the parish. In 1559 he openly joined the Reformers and remained in Renfrew as its first minister of the Church of Scotland. He was appointed Commissary of Hamilton and Dalserf in 1564. In March 1566 he was accused of being involved in the plot to murder David Riccio and during investigation of this he was "confined in free ward" to stay within two miles of Dunbar. He was released on order of Mary Queen of Scots in January 1567. In January 1571 he was elected Dean of Chapter representing Glasgow churches. He was church Commissioner for the tree districts of Clydesdale, Renfrew and Lennox from 1569 to 1588 and added both Govan and Inchinnan from 1574.
In 1569, Hay became Rector of Glasgow University and was instrumental in bringing Andrew Melville as Principal in 1570. He resigned as Rector in 1586. James Boyd was Chancellor at this time.
Hay attended 34 of the 40 General assemblies between 1560 and 1590. In 1574 he succeeded the Alexander Arbuthnot as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland the highest position in the Scottish Church. In 1580 he served a second term in succession to James Lawson, serving until 1581 when he was succeeded in turn by Robert Pont.
In March 1589 the Privy Council appointed Hay Commissioner for the Maintenance and Defence of the True Religion in Clydesdale. On his death in 1593 he bequeathed a large portion of his books to Glasgow University Library.

## Family

Hay married Janet Margaret Wallace of Craigie. Their children included:
* Theodara Jean Hay married John Couper
* John Hay minister of Renfrew
* Theodore Hay, minister of Peebles
* Andrew Hay minister of Erskine later moving to Mearns.
* David Hay, commissary clerk of Glasgow
* Susannah Hay
Between Andrew Hay, his son John and grandson John, the Hays ministered to the parish of Renfrew from 1560 to 1649 (when John the younger was dismissed for a nominal charge of drunkenness.

## Publications

* Second Book of Discipline (with Andrew Melville, 1578)
# Nagothane railway station

Nagothane railway station is a railway station on the Panvel–Roha route of Central Railway in India. It is 130.91 km from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus via Diva Junction. Its station code is NGTN. It belongs to the Mumbai division of Central Railway.
The station is in Raigad district of Maharashtra. It is between Kasu and Nidi railway stations.
# 1951 Kurşunlu earthquake

The 1951 Kurşunlu earthquake occurred at 18:33 GMT (20:33 local time) on 13 August near Kurşunlu, Çankırı Province, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. The earthquake was one of a series of major and intermediate quakes that have occurred in modern times along the North Anatolian Fault since 1939.
It had a magnitude of 6.9 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. There were 50 casualties and 3,354 injuries.
# Toshiko Ezaki

Toshiko Ezaki (江崎 とし子) is a Japanese musician, composer, singer, songwriter, and producer from Kyoto, Japan. While she recently released her 5th CD, Arbol Grande, she is better known for having written and sung songs for Pokémon: Advanced Generation.
Ezaki has composed many songs for well-known Japanese artists, including Kosuke Atari and Misaki Usuzawa, and has sung background vocals for several more. She has also composed music and done vocals on many television and radio commercials, and has created instrumental pieces both internationally and in Japan.
In 2002, Ezaki was put in charge of composing the music and singing the ending theme song for the animated cartoon series Pocket Monsters (or ‘Pokémon’). Her songs included "Because the Sky is There" and "Smile". In 2012, she composed and sang background vocals on Pokémon's ending theme song, "Seven-colored Arch".
In addition to her compositions, Ezaki produces CDs for indie artists on her own label, Moss Green Records, works as a voice trainer and crystal bowl player, and continues to perform live across southern and central Japan. In 2012, Ezaki began composing songs for Misaki, a young and increasingly popular Minyou singer from Tohoku, Japan. Ezaki composed two songs for Misaki's debut album, plus a single, and is in the process of composing additional songs for her.

## Discography

* "Apple Tea", Blow Wind Records, 2001.
* "Spices", Moss Green Records, 2004.
* "Musk", a Collaboration album with composer and pianist Ryuji Iuchi, 2005.
* Eight Children, Moss Green Records, 2008.
* Voice Painting, Moss Green Records, 2010.
* Arbol Grande, Moss Green records, 2015.
# Milnrow Urban District

Milnrow Urban District was, from 1894 to 1974, a local government district of the administrative county of Lancashire, in northwest England. It covered an area to the east and southeast of the County Borough of Rochdale, and included the town of Milnrow, the village of New Hey, and the Piethorne Valley; Crompton Urban District lay to the south.
Milnrow Urban District was created by the Local Government Act 1894, and was for the most part the successor to the township of Butterworth. In 1974, Milnrow Urban District was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 and its former area transferred to Greater Manchester to form part of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.
# Leck Air Base

Leck Air Base is located in Leck, Germany. It was closed as a military airport but a small portion remains open to public use. It was an important base during the Cold War because it served as an overflow to nearby bases. At Leck, ground and support crews from the United States and West Germany exchanged duties, learning how to perform aircraft maintenance and operational support tasks.
Between 1994 and 2012 it was home to German Air Force surface-to-air missile units, operating MIM-23 Hawk and Roland missiles, but is now inhabited by an electronic warfare battalion of the Joint Support Service.
# Detmold (administrative region)

Regierungsbezirk Detmold (German pronunciation:) is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the north-east of the state. It is congruent with the (cultural) region of Ostwestfalen-Lippe (OWL, East Westphalia–Lippe).
The Regierungsbezirk was created in 1947 when the former state of Lippe was incorporated into North Rhine-Westphalia by merging the former Regierungsbezirk Minden with the territory of the Free State of Lippe. The Regierungsbezirk Minden dates back to 1815, when the class of administrative regions Regierungsbezirke was initially created.

## Location

The Regierungsbezirk Detmold is located in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia and therefore it forms the area where the German low mountains are divided from the North German Plain. As the Regierungsbezirk has an expanse of circa 6,500 km², it is one fifth of the area of North Rhine-Westphalia. North and east of the Regierungsbezirk is the German state of Lower Saxony, south there is the state of Hesse. At the western border is the Regierungsbezirk of Arnsberg and the Regierungsbezirk of Münster.

## Administration

The administration is located in Detmold in the district of Lippe.

### Administrative divisions

The Regierungsbezirk consists of six districts with 69 municipalities, and of one district-free city.
| Kreise (districts) | Kreisfreie Städte (district-free cities) |
| Gütersloh Herford Höxter Lippe Minden-Lübbecke Paderborn | Bielefeld |

## History

The Regierungsbezirk Detmold has two historical roots:
* the East Westphalian part (almost 80% of the area) belonged to the former Prussian Province of Westphalia and there it formed the unit of the Regierungsbezirk Minden. In 1946 the Prussian Province formed the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia along with the northern Rhineland.
* the region roughly around the today's district of Lippe was called Land Lippe until 1947 and it was a separate German State just like Prussia. Until 1918 it had been a principality (Fürstentum), then a Free State (Freistaat) and so it has a different historical background than East Westphalia.

## Economy

The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 77.7 billion € in 2018, accounting for 2.3% of German economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 34,700 € or 115% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 97% of the EU average.
# Hg Capital Trust

Hg Capital Trust (LSE: HGT.L) is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in unquoted investments. Established in 1989, the company is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The chairman is Jim Strang.
# Geography of Liechtenstein

The principality of Liechtenstein encompasses most of the eastern half of the Rhine Valley, wedged between Austria and Switzerland. The majority of the country's population is found in the western half along the Rhine River. Along with Uzbekistan, Liechtenstein is one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world.

## Statistics

Geographic coordinates: 47°10′N 9°32′E﻿ / ﻿47.167°N 9.533°E﻿ / 47.167; 9.533﻿ (Liechtenstein)
Area: 160 km$^2$ (land, 0 km$^2$ water)
Land boundaries
    total: 76 km
    border countries: Austria 35 km, Switzerland 41 km
Lake
    The only lake in Liechtenstein is the Gampriner Seele.
Land use
    arable land: 21.88%
    permanent crops: 0%
    other: 78.12% (2011)
Terrain
    Mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Natural resources:
    Hydroelectric potential, arable land
Extreme points:
* North - river Rhine, Ruggell 47°16′15″N 9°31′51″E﻿ / ﻿47.27083°N 9.53083°E﻿ / 47.27083; 9.53083﻿ (Rhine (North))
* South - summit of Mazorakopf/Falknishorn (2,452 m), Triesen 47°2′55″N 9°33′26″E﻿ / ﻿47.04861°N 9.55722°E﻿ / 47.04861; 9.55722﻿ (Mazerakopf (South))
* East - border post 28, above Nenzinger Himmel
* West - river Rhine, Balzers 47°3′46″N 9°28′18″E﻿ / ﻿47.06278°N 9.47167°E﻿ / 47.06278; 9.47167﻿ (Rhine (West))
* highest - Vorder Grauspitz (2,599 m), Triesen 47°3′10″N 9°34′54″E﻿ / ﻿47.05278°N 9.58167°E﻿ / 47.05278; 9.58167﻿ (Vorder Grauspitz (highest))
* lowest - Bangserfeld (429 m), Ruggell 47°15′57″N 9°32′14″E﻿ / ﻿47.26583°N 9.53722°E﻿ / 47.26583; 9.53722﻿ (Bangserfeld (lowest))

## Climate

Continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers, great variety of microclimates based on elevation.

## Environment - international agreements

Party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands,
Signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
# Gudmund Restad

Gudmund Olav Restad (19 December 1937 – 18 September 2021) was a politician for the Norwegian Centre Party. He was Minister of Finance from 1997 to 2000. Prior to that, he served as Mayor of Smøla Municipality from 1980 to 1985 when he was elected to Parliament.
# Bernard Leslie Barker

Bernard Leslie Barker (22 April 1913 – 31 January 1976) was a British philatelist who was added to the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists in 1969.
Barker was a specialist in the stamps and postal history of Belgium, a member of the Académie de Philatélie de Belgique, and president of the Lincoln Philatelic Society and the Belgian Study Circle.
Strangely enough, Barker shares the same first and last name as one of the Watergate burglars, Bernard Leon Barker.
# Character sketch

In literature, a character sketch, or character, is a rough-and-ready rendering and thumbnail portrayal of an individual, capturing, in brief, that person's physical characteristics, psychological attributes, and the like. The brief descriptions often capitalize on the more unusual or humorous aspects of the person's character. Character sketches are usually identified by irony, humor, exaggeration, and satire. The term originated in portraiture, where the character sketch is a common academic exercise. The artist performing a character sketch attempts to capture an expression or gesture that goes beyond coincident actions and gets to the essence of the individual.
The first English writer to delve into the form, Joseph Hall, published his book Characters of Virtues and Vices in 1608. However, the character sketch did not become popular amongst the literate public until the late-seventeenth century. The public appreciated sketches for their humor and readable style. As Pat Rogers notes, Henry Fielding, in book I, chapter 14 of Joseph Andrews (1742), invokes William Hogarth (1697–1764) to create a character sketch of Mrs. Tow-wouse: "Indeed, if Mrs. Tow-wouse had given no Utterance to the Sweetness of her Temper, Nature had taken such Pains in her Countenance, that Hogarth himself never gave more Expression to a Picture." Thomas Overbury (c. 1581-1613), John Earle (c. 1601-1665), Richard Steele (1672–1729), and Joseph Addison (1672–1719) also wrote notable character sketches. Addison and Steele's sketches appeared in a periodical that was issued twice a week under the name The Spectator (1711–1712). They created several personas such as Roger de Coverly, Mr. Spectator, and Captain Sentry, who represented different classes in English society. Using the point of view of these personas, Addison and Steele wrote sketches that addressed important events in the social and political atmospheres. In the United States, Walt Whitman published a series of character sketches in 1856. Whitman's sketches involved mostly physical descriptions, however, like Addison and Steele, his sketches were written with a purpose. Rather than make social or political commentary, Whitman used the opportunity to provide sketches that publicly praised his friends and ridiculed his enemies.
In later literature, a character sketch became a short story or narrative presented without significant action or plot, as the purpose of the writing is solely to present a character at their typical. Character sketches of this sort are also frequently found in journalism and regionalist humor (e.g., sketches of "Big John" or "the country rube" or "the wise Squire"). Each of these attempts to delineate a model of a type (a category of person) rather than a realistic person.
Today, the character sketch appears mostly in the writings of satiric novelists such as Thomas Pynchon (1937– ). The character sketch has also been adapted to appear on television in both dramatic and comedic forms such as TV serials, movies etc.
# Carpignano Salentino

Carpignano Salentino (Salentino: Carpignanu) is a town and comune in the Italian province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy. It includes the frazione of Serrano.
* Square
* Medieval walls
* Byzantine church of Santa Marina in Stigliano, in the outlying area of Carpignano Salentino
# Feigenbaum's first constant

The first Feigenbaum constant δ is the limiting ratio of each bifurcation interval to the next between every period doubling, of a one-parameter map
    $x_{i+1}=f(x_{i}),$
where f(x) is a function parameterized by the bifurcation parameter a.
It is given by the limit
    $\delta =\lim _{n\to \infty }{\frac {a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}}{a_{n}-a_{n-1}}}=4.669\,201\,609\,\ldots ,$
where a$_n$ are discrete values of a at the nth period doubling.

## Names

* Feigenbaum constant
* Feigenbaum bifurcation velocity
* delta

## Value

* 30 decimal places : δ = 4.669201609102990671853203820466…
* (sequence A006890 in the OEIS)
* A simple rational approximation is: ⁠621/133⁠, which is correct to 5 significant values (when rounding). For more precision use ⁠1228/263⁠, which is correct to 7 significant values.
* Is approximately equal to 10(⁠1/π − 1⁠), with an error of 0.0047%

## Illustration
### Non-linear maps

To see how this number arises, consider the real one-parameter map
    $f(x)=a-x^{2}.$
Here a is the bifurcation parameter, x is the variable. The values of a for which the period doubles (e.g. the largest value for a with no period-2 orbit, or the largest a with no period-4 orbit), are a$_1$, a$_2$ etc. These are tabulated below:
    n Period Bifurcation parameter (a$_n$) Ratio ⁠a$_{n−1}$ − a$_{n−2}$/a$_n$ − a$_{n−1}$⁠ 1 2 0.75 — 2 4 1.25 — 3 8 1.3680989 4.2337 4 16 1.3940462 4.5515 5 32 1.3996312 4.6458 6 64 1.4008286 4.6639 7 128 1.4010853 4.6682 8 256 1.4011402 4.6689
The ratio in the last column converges to the first Feigenbaum constant. The same number arises for the logistic map
    $f(x)=ax(1-x)$
with real parameter a and variable x. Tabulating the bifurcation values again:
    n Period Bifurcation parameter (a$_n$) Ratio ⁠a$_{n−1}$ − a$_{n−2}$/a$_n$ − a$_{n−1}$⁠ 1 2 3 — 2 4 3.4494897 — 3 8 3.5440903 4.7514 4 16 3.5644073 4.6562 5 32 3.5687594 4.6683 6 64 3.5696916 4.6686 7 128 3.5698913 4.6680 8 256 3.5699340 4.6768

### Fractals

In the case of the Mandelbrot set for complex quadratic polynomial
    $f(z)=z^{2}+c$
the Feigenbaum constant is the limiting ratio between the diameters of successive circles on the real axis in the complex plane (see animation on the right).
    n Period = 2$^n$ Bifurcation parameter (c$_n$) Ratio $={\dfrac {c_{n-1}-c_{n-2}}{c_{n}-c_{n-1}}}$ 1 2 −0.75 — 2 4 −1.25 — 3 8 −1.3680989 4.2337 4 16 −1.3940462 4.5515 5 32 −1.3996312 4.6459 6 64 −1.4008287 4.6639 7 128 −1.4010853 4.6668 8 256 −1.4011402 4.6740 9 512 −1.401151982029 4.6596 10 1024 −1.401154502237 4.6750 ... ... ... ... ∞ −1.4011551890...
Bifurcation parameter is a root point of period-2$^n$ component. This series converges to the Feigenbaum point c = −1.401155...... The ratio in the last column converges to the first Feigenbaum constant.
Other maps also reproduce this ratio; in this sense the Feigenbaum constant in bifurcation theory is analogous to π in geometry and e in calculus.
# Hannibal Boone

Hannibal Honestus Boone (February 24, 1834 – May 23, 1897) was the 16th Attorney General of Texas.

## Biography

He was the son of Joseph and Harriet Boone, was born in Tipton County, Tennessee. The Boone family was in Austin (now Waller) County, Texas by 1852. Boone studied law at Austin College, but never graduated. In June 1953, a charter of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity was granted to Boone and 2 other students. He managed his father’s plantation until 1859, when he began to practice law in Hempstead. In 1861, Boone married Rebecca Fullinwieder, with whom he had one daughter.
With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Boone enlisted as a private in Colonel John S. Ford’s regiment of the Confederate Army. The regiment chiefly protected trade between the Confederacy and Mexico by patrolling the Rio Grande. Boone later rose to the rank of Major and served as executive officer to Major Edwin Waller Jr, on the Texas-Louisiana border. Boone was wounded on September 29, 1863, at Fordoche, Louisiana, losing his right arm and the first two fingers and thumb of his left hand. He was transferred to the headquarters for the Texas District and served under General John B. Magruder for the rest of the war.
Toward the end of the war, in November 1863, Boone married Susan Gordon, with whom he had many children. After the war ended, the two moved to Anderson, Texas, where Boone practiced law. Boone was elected Attorney General of Texas in 1876 and served one term. Former attorney general William M. Walton had planned to run in the 1876 election but withdrew from the race when he learned Boone, a disabled Confederate veteran, was a candidate. Boone move to Navasota after his term in Austin where he lived until his death on May 23, 1897.
# 1951 Jordanian general election

General elections were held in Jordan on 29 August 1951. As political parties were banned at the time, all candidates ran as independents, although some affiliated with the Jordanian Communist Party, the Ba'ath Party the Arab Constitutional Party and the Umma Party all won seats.
# Crianlarich

Crianlarich (/ˌkriːənˈlærɪx/ ; Scottish Gaelic: A' Chrìon Làraich) is a village in Stirling council area and in the registration county of Perthshire, Scotland, around 6 miles (10 km) north-east of the head of Loch Lomond. The village bills itself as "the gateway to the Highlands".

## Etymology

The name Crianlarich is derived probably from the Gaelic meaning either "the wasted site" or "the aspen site" (c.f. Gaelic critheann, "aspen").

## Situation

The village lies in the valley of Strath Fillan at the north western extent of the Trossachs, in the shadow of several Munro peaks, notably Ben More, but also Stob Binnein and Cruach Ardrain. Thus Crianlarich is very popular with hillwalkers. Also the village lies 40 miles (65 kilometres) along the long-distance footpath, the West Highland Way.
Its location makes Crianlarich a popular stop for tourists and there are a variety of types of overnight accommodation including guesthouses, B&Bs, a youth hostel operated by Hostelling Scotland, and a Best Western hotel.

## Transport connections

Crianlarich has been a major crossroads for north- and westbound journeys in Scotland since medieval times.
In the 1750s, two military roads met in the village; in the 19th century, it became a railway junction on what is now the West Highland Line; in the 20th century it became the meeting point of the major A82 and A85 roads. As such, it is designated a primary destination in Scotland, signposted from as far as Glasgow in the south, Perth in the east, Oban in the west and Fort William in the north. In the 1960s there was even a direction sign for Crianlarich at Swiss Cottage at Camden in London. Since 2016 the A82 by-passes the centre of the village to avoid the low railway bridge.
The village is served by Crianlarich railway station located on the West Highland Line. The routes to Fort William/Mallaig and Oban diverge after this station. Access to the platform is via a flight of stairs from a subway that runs underneath the tracks, from the car park which is slightly lower than the station itself.
It is also served by a Scottish Citylink coach service up to hourly from Glasgow going on about every two hours to either Oban or Fort William.
In 2001, the village had a population of 185.

## Lochan Saorach

In nearby Glen Dochart lies Lochan Saorach, mentioned by Thomas Pennant in 1769 on account of the floating island it once contained.

## Gallery

* Crianlarich War Memorial
* The Line to Fort William
* Crianlarich station
* Meeting of the ways
* The Crianlarich Munros
# Correctional Reception Center

The Correctional Reception Center is a state prison for men located in Orient, Pickaway County, Ohio, opened in 1987, owned and operated by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction.
The facility holds a maximum of 1500 inmates at various security levels. The prison is immediately adjacent to the state's Pickaway Correctional Institution.
Ariel Castro committed suicide while incarcerated at the facility in September 2013.

## Notable Inmates

| Inmate Name | Register Number | Status | Details |
| George Washington Wagner IV | A808476 | Serving life sentence | One of the perpetrators of the 2016 Pike County shootings. |