# List of procyonids

Procyonidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, which includes raccoons, coatis, olingos, kinkajous, ring-tailed cats, and cacomistles, and many other extant and extinct mammals. A member of this family is called a procyonid. They are native to North and South America, though the common raccoon has been introduced to Europe, western Asia, and Japan. Procyonid habitats are generally forests, though some are found in shrublands and grasslands as well. The ring-tailed cat has a varied range including rocky areas and deserts as well as forests, and the common raccoon is widespread in urban environments. Species range in size from around 30–65 cm (12–26 in) long, plus a tail generally as long again. Population sizes are largely unknown, though the Cozumel raccoon is critically endangered, with around 200 individuals left, and the Eastern mountain coati is endangered. No procyonid species have been domesticated, although raccoons are sometimes kept as pets.
The fourteen species of Procyonidae are split into six genera, which are not currently grouped into named clades. Procyonidae is believed to have diverged as a separate family within Carnivora around 22.6 million years ago. In addition to the extant species, as of 2020 Procyonidae includes forty extinct species placed in the six extant and nineteen extinct genera, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

## Conventions

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the procyonid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol (†). Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

## Classification

The family Procyonidae consists of fourteen extant species belonging to six genera and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Some prior classification schemes included the red panda or divided the family into named subfamilies and tribes based on similarities in morphology, though modern molecular studies indicate instead that the kinkajou is basal to the family, while raccoons, cacomistles, and ring-tailed cats form one clade and coatis and olingos another, despite morphology suggesting otherwise.
* Genus Bassaricyon (olingos): four species
* Genus Bassariscus (ring-tailed cats and cacomistles): two species
* Genus Nasua (coatis): two species
* Genus Nasuella (mountain coatis): two species
* Genus Potos (kinkajous): one species
* Genus Procyon (raccoons): three species
Procyonidae
Bassaricyon
Nasua
Nasuella
Procyon
Bassariscus
Potos :

## Procyonids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis; this includes rearranging Bassaricyon from five species to a mostly different four, and promoting the eastern mountain coati from a subspecies of the mountain coati. There are additional proposals which are disputed, such as promoting the Guadeloupe raccoon population of the Bahamian raccoon subspecies of raccoon to a separate subspecies, which are not included here.
Genus Bassaricyon – Allen, 1876 – four species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Eastern lowland olingo | B. alleni Thomas, 1880 | Northwest South America | Size: 30–46 cm (12–18 in) long, plus 40–53 cm (16–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats fruit, as well as small rodents, lizards, birds, insects, and eggs | LC  Unknown |
| Northern olingo | B. gabbii Allen, 1876 | Central America | Size: 38–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 40–53 cm (16–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats fruit, nectar, flowers, insects, and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Olinguito | B. neblina Helgen, 2013 Four subspecies B. n. hershkovitzi B. n. neblina B. n. osborni B. n. ruber | Andes mountains in northwest South America | Size: 32–40 cm (13–16 in) long, plus 33–43 cm (13–17 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats fruit | NT  Unknown |
| Western lowland olingo | B. medius Thomas, 1909 Two subspecies B. m. medius B. m. orinomus | Northwest South America and eastern Central America | Size: 33–39 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 35–52 cm (14–20 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats fruit and nectar | LC  Unknown |
Genus Bassariscus – Coues, 1887 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Cacomistle | B. sumichrasti (Saussure, 1860) Five subspecies B. s. latrans B. s. notinus B. s. oaxacensis B. s. sumichrasti B. s. variabilis | Southern Mexico and Central America | Size: 38–47 cm (15–19 in) long, plus 39–53 cm (15–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats fruit, insects, and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Ring-tailed cat | B. astutus (Lichtenstein, 1830) Fourteen subspecies B. a. arizonensis B. a. astutus B. a. bolei B. a. consitus B. a. flavus B. a. insulicola B. a. macdougalli B. a. nevadensis B. a. octavus B. a. palmarius B. a. raptor B. a. saxicola B. a. willetti B. a. yumanensis | Mexico and southwestern United States | Size: 30–42 cm (12–17 in) long, plus 31–45 cm (12–18 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, forest, rocky areas, desert, and grassland Diet: Primarily eats rodents, insects, birds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
Genus Nasua – Storr, 1780 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| South American coati | N. nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) Thirteen subspecies N. n. aricana N. n. boliviensis N. n. candace N. n. cinerascens N. n. dorsalis N. n. manium N. n. molaris N. n. montana N. n. nasua N. n. quichua N. n. solitaria N. n. spadicea N. n. vittata | Northern and central South America | Size: 41–67 cm (16–26 in) long, plus 32–69 cm (13–27 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| White-nosed coati | N. narica (Linnaeus, 1766) Four subspecies N. n. molaris N. n. narica N. n. nelsoni (Cozumel Island coati) N. n. yucatanica | Southern North America, Central America, and northwest South America | Size: 33–67 cm (13–26 in) long, plus 33–67 cm (13–26 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and forest Diet: Primarily eats fruit and invertebrates | LC  Unknown |
Genus Nasuella – Hollister, 1915 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Eastern mountain coati | N. meridensis Thomas, 1901 | Andes mountains in Venezuela | Size: 43–54 cm (17–21 in) long, plus 19–30 cm (7–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Unknown | EN  Unknown |
| Western mountain coati | N. olivacea (Gray, 1865) Two subspecies N. o. olivacea N. o. quitensis | Andes mountains in northern South America | Size: 36–39 cm (14–15 in) long, plus 20–24 cm (8–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates, small vertebrates, fruit, and vegetable remains | NT  Unknown |
Genus Potos – Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & G. Cuvier, 1795 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Kinkajou | P. flavus (Schreber, 1774) Seven subspecies P. f. chapadensis P. f. chiriquensis P. f. flavus P. f. megalotus P. f. meridensis P. f. modestus P. f. nocturnus | Central America and northern South America | Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats fruit, as well as flowers and leaves | LC  Unknown |
Genus Procyon – Storr, 1780 – three species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Cozumel raccoon | P. pygmaeus Merriam, 1901 | Cozumel island in Mexico | Size: 42–60 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 23–26 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Primarily eats crabs, as well as fruit, insects, crayfish, and small vertebrates | CR  200 |
| Crab-eating raccoon | P. cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798) Four subspecies P. c. aequatorialis P. c. cancrivorus P. c. nigripes P. c. panamensis | South America | Size: 54–65 cm (21–26 in) long, plus 25–38 cm (10–15 in) tail Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands Diet: Primarily eats molluscs, fish, crabs, insects, and amphibians | LC  Unknown |
| Raccoon | P. lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) 22 subspecies P. l. auspicatus (Key Vaca raccoon) P. l. elucus (Florida raccoon) P. l. excelsus (Snake River Valley raccoon) P. l. fuscipes (Texas raccoon) P. l. gloveralleni (Barbados raccoon)† P. l. grinnelli (Baja California raccoon) P. l. hernandezii (Mexican plateau raccoon) P. l. hirtus (Upper Mississippi Valley raccoon) P. l. incautus (Torch Key raccoon) P. l. inesperatus (Matecumbe Key raccoon) P. l. insularis (Tres Marias raccoon) P. l. litoreus (Saint Simon Island raccoon) P. l. lotor (Eastern raccoon) P. l. marinus (Ten Thousand Islands raccoon) P. l. maynardi (Bahamian raccoon) P. l. megalodous (Mississippi Delta raccoon) P. l. pacificus (Pacific Northwest raccoon) P. l. pallidus (Colorado Desert raccoon) P. l. psora (California raccoon) P. l. pumilus (Isthmian raccoon) P. l. simus (Short-faced raccoon)† P. l. vancouverensis (Vancouver Island raccoon) | North and Central America, and introduced to Central Europe, the Caucasus Mountains, and Japan | Size: 41–55 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 19–41 cm (7–16 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Omnivorous, eats fruit, nuts, insects, small mammals, eggs, birds, frogs, fish, aquatic invertebrates, worms, and garbage | LC  Unknown |