# Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi

Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi (Arabic: هشام بن إسماعيل المخزومي, romanized: Hishām ibn Ismāʿīl al-Makhzūmī) was an 8th-century official of the Umayyad Caliphate, and the maternal grandfather of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He served as the governor of Medina from 701 to 706.

## Family

Hisham was a member of the Banu Makhzum, a clan of the Arab tribe of Quraysh, being a great-grandson of al-Walid ibn al-Mughira. Hisham gained prominence when his daughter A'isha married the fifth Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r. 685–705). In 691 he became a grandfather to the future caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 724–743), who was reportedly named after him at A'isha's insistence. Hisham's sons Ibrahim and Muhammad, like their father under Abd al-Malik, served as governors of Medina for Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. They fell out of favour during the reign of his successor al-Walid ibn Yazid (r. 743–744) and were tortured to death by Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi in 743. A third son, Khalid, participated in the failed rebellion of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik's son Sulayman in 744 and was consequently executed by the caliph Marwan ibn Muhammad (r. 744–750).
Family tree of Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum | Al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum | Al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum | Al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum | Al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum | Al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Walid (d. 622) | Al-Walid (d. 622) | Al-Walid (d. 622) | Al-Walid (d. 622) | Al-Walid (d. 622) | Al-Walid (d. 622) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Al-Walid (d. 620s) | Al-Walid (d. 620s) | Al-Walid (d. 620s) | Al-Walid (d. 620s) | Al-Walid (d. 620s) | Al-Walid (d. 620s) | | | | | Hisham | Hisham | Hisham | Hisham | Hisham | Hisham | | | | | Khalid (d. 642) | Khalid (d. 642) | Khalid (d. 642) | Khalid (d. 642) | Khalid (d. 642) | Khalid (d. 642) |
| | | | | Abd Allah | Abd Allah | Abd Allah | Abd Allah | Abd Allah | Abd Allah | | | | | Isma'il | Isma'il | Isma'il | Isma'il | Isma'il | Isma'il | | | | | Abd al-Rahman (d. 666) | Abd al-Rahman (d. 666) | Abd al-Rahman (d. 666) | Abd al-Rahman (d. 666) | Abd al-Rahman (d. 666) | Abd al-Rahman (d. 666) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Salama | Salama | Salama | Salama | Salama | Salama | | | | | Hisham (fl. 691–706) | Hisham (fl. 691–706) | Hisham (fl. 691–706) | Hisham (fl. 691–706) | Hisham (fl. 691–706) | Hisham (fl. 691–706) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ya'qub | Ya'qub | Ya'qub | Ya'qub | Ya'qub | Ya'qub | | | Ayyub | Ayyub | Ayyub | Ayyub | Ayyub | Ayyub | Ibrahim | Ibrahim | Ibrahim | Ibrahim | Ibrahim | Ibrahim | Muhammad | Muhammad | Muhammad | Muhammad | Muhammad | Muhammad | | | Khalid | Khalid | Khalid | Khalid | Khalid | Khalid | A'isha | A'isha | A'isha | A'isha | A'isha | A'isha | Abd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, 685–705) | Abd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, 685–705) | Abd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, 685–705) | Abd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, 685–705) | Abd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, 685–705) | Abd al-Malik (Umayyad caliph, 685–705) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Umm Salama | Umm Salama | Umm Salama | Umm Salama | Umm Salama | Umm Salama | Al-Saffah (Abbasid caliph, 750–754) | Al-Saffah (Abbasid caliph, 750–754) | Al-Saffah (Abbasid caliph, 750–754) | Al-Saffah (Abbasid caliph, 750–754) | Al-Saffah (Abbasid caliph, 750–754) | Al-Saffah (Abbasid caliph, 750–754) | Hisham (Umayyad caliph, 724–743) | Hisham (Umayyad caliph, 724–743) | Hisham (Umayyad caliph, 724–743) | Hisham (Umayyad caliph, 724–743) | Hisham (Umayyad caliph, 724–743) | Hisham (Umayyad caliph, 724–743) |

## Governor of Medina

Abd al-Malik appointed Hisham, his father-in-law, governor of Medina in 701. During his time in that position he dismissed Nawfal ibn Musahiq al-Amiri from the head of the judiciary and appointed Amr ibn Khalid al-Zuraqi in his stead, and led the people of the city in rendering the oath of allegiance to Abd al-Malik's sons al-Walid I (r. 705–715) and Sulayman (r. 715–717). When the faqih Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab refused to give the oath, Hisham ordered him to be beaten and imprisoned, and subjected him to a mock execution by having him marched to a mountain pass where individuals would normally be killed and crucified. Hisham also led the annual Hajj pilgrimages to Mecca in 703 and 704, and possibly those of 702/3 and 705 as well.
Following the death of Abd al-Malik in 705, Hisham was initially confirmed as governor by his successor al-Walid I. The new caliph disliked Hisham, however, and in early 706 he dismissed him in favour of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. Al-Walid also instructed Umar to display Hisham in front of the people of Medina, as a form of humiliation for his conduct during his governorship, but Hisham was spared from further harm after both Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab and the Alid Ali ibn al-Husayn ordered their followers to refrain from acts of retaliation against him.