OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance

An Ottoman–Bulgarian (or Turco-Bulgarian) alliance was signed in Sofia on 19 August (6 August O.S.) 1914 during the opening month of the First World War, although at the time both the signatories were neutral. The Minister of the Interior, Talaat Pasha, and President Halil Bey of the Chamber of Deputies signed the treaty on behalf of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Prime Minister Vasil Radoslavov on behalf of the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance was probably a prerequisite for Bulgaria's joining the Central Powers after Turkey entered the war in November.
The treaty of alliance had seven articles. It was a purely defensive pact: it obligated a signatory to go to war only if the other was attacked by another Balkan country. The two powers also agreed not to attack any other Balkan country without first consulting each other. Article IV left open the possibility of Ottoman troops traversing Bulgarian soil to attack another power. In the event of a conflict without prior consultation they pledged neutrality. Bulgaria promised to notify Turkey of any mobilisation on its part, and in Article V Turkey agreed to negotiate an affirmation of the neutrality of Romania. Furthermore, the treaty was to be kept secret and to last for the duration of the general European war. Although shrouded in secrecy like the treaty with Germany negotiated by Minister of War Enver Pasha on 2 August, the Bulgarian treaty was a more coherent and purposeful document.
After the signing, the Ottomans continued to press for an expanded offensive alliance directed at Russia, but to no avail. On 22 August (9 August O.S.), Grand Vizier Sait Halim rejected the interpretation of the Ottoman–German alliance whereby Turkey was bound to go to war when Germany did. He ordered the government ministers to pursue negotiations in different directions: with Romania, Russia, Greece and France. When negotiations for an anti-Russian alliance with Romania also failed, on 30 August the Ottomans suggested to their German allies that a Bulgarian alliance directed at Serbia and Greece was more feasible. The Germans objected, but the Ottomans sent a colonel to Sofia to begin negotiations with the Bulgarian general staff anyway. Even after entering the war, the Ottomans did not make the Germans aware of the existence of their Bulgarian treaty until 17 December 1914; and the Bulgarians did not actually agree to enter the war on the side of the Central Powers until the Convention of Sofia of 6 September 1915.
# Tony Goodin

Tony Colin Goodin (born 23 November 1988) is a New Zealand former first-class cricketer who played for Northern Districts.
# Arnaud Labbe

Arnaud Labbe (born 3 November 1976 in Creil, Oise) is a French racing cyclist who rides for the CC Périgueux Dordogne team. He had started the 2010 season riding for an amateur team, GSC Blagnac, having failed to earn a renewal of his contract with Bbox Bouygues Telecom at the end of the previous season, but Cofidis were left short of riders due to injuries and illness, and needed to expand their squad. Labbe competes in road and cyclo-cross events.
For the 2014 season, Labbe returned to the amateur ranks with CC Périgueux Dordogne.

## Palmares
### Cyclo-cross
#### 2002–2003

    3rd National Championships

#### 2003–2004

    2nd National Championships

#### 2004–2005

    3rd National Championships

#### 2005–2006

    3rd National Championships

### Road
#### 2001

    9th Manx International

#### 2002

    7th Manx International

#### 2003

    1st Prix des Flandres Françaises
    4th Manx International

#### 2005

    2nd Overall Tour de la Manche
       1st Stage 2
    3rd Overall Étoile de Bessèges
    5th Flèche Hesbigonne
    6th Overall Tour de la Somme
    8th La Poly Normande
    9th Overall Tour de Normandie
    10th Bordeaux-Saintes
Grand Tour general classification results timeline :
| Grand Tour | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| Giro d'Italia | 116 | DNF | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | — | — | 108 | — | 154 | — | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# KBTN (AM)

KBTN (1420 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a sports talk format. Licensed to Neosho, Missouri, United States, the station serves the Neosho, Missouri, area. The station is currently owned by American Media Investments, and features programming from Fox Sports Radio.

## History

From its inception until the introduction of KBTN-FM, KBTN (AM) was a community-minded, low-power station that broadcast local news, local sports, and in-house produced programming. From the 1950s to the 1990s, the station broadcast on a dawn-to-dusk schedule at a power of 500 watts. A well-remembered announcer, "Herkimer P. Pushbroom" (Joe Johnson), greeted early morning risers for years, along with his fictional sidekick, "Homer" the rooster. David Winegardner owned and managed the station from 1974 through the years 2000. KBTN played a major role in the emergency notifications during the tornado of 1975, saving many lives.

### Expanded Band assignment

On March 17, 1997 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced that eighty-eight stations had been given permission to move to newly available "Expanded Band" transmitting frequencies, ranging from 1610 to 1700 kHz, with KBTN authorized to move from 1420 to 1670 kHz. However, the station never procured the Construction Permit needed to implement the authorization, so the expanded band station was never built.

### Later history

The station was once affiliated with both Citadel Media and CNN Radio. Station call letters were changed to KQYS on March 16, 2006, but changed back to KBTN on May 28, 2008.
On January 31, 2022, the station fliped its format from classic rock to sports.
# Folsom Falls

Folsom Falls is a small waterfall located on the Cimarron River in Union County in northeastern New Mexico, east of the city of Raton. It is about 3 miles northeast of the town of Folsom, New Mexico, along New Mexico State Highway 456.
# Jarqavieh Olya Rural District

Jarqavieh Olya Rural District (Persian: دهستان جرقويه عليا) is in Jarqavieh Olya District of Jarqavieh County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Hasanabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of Isfahan County) was 5,026 in 1,438 households. There were 4,982 inhabitants in 1,597 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 5,296 in 1,777 households. The most populous of its 20 villages was Kamalabad, with 1,715 people.
In 2021, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Jarqavieh County.
# Narrow-gauge railways in Finland

The vast majority of Finnish narrow-gauge railways were owned and operated by private companies. There are only a few instances where narrow-gauge railways were in direct connection with each other, and those interchanges did not last for long. The railways never formed a regional rail traffic network, but were only focused on maintaining connections between the national Russian-gauge railway network and the off-line industries.
Some railways were closed due to competition from the roads, others were converted to 1,524 mm (5 ft) Russian gauge.

## Common carriers

* The Lovisa–Wesijärvi railway (1900–1960) that operated an 80 km (50 mi) line between Lahti and Loviisa.
* The Hyvinkää–Karkkila railway that operated a 46 km (29 mi) line
* The Jokioinen Railway that operated a 23 km (14.3 mi) line until 1974, being the last common-carrier narrow-gauge railway in Finland.
Other lines were notably shorter. The common gauges were 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) and 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in), with a few railways built with 785 mm (2 ft 6+29⁄32 in) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauges.

## Tourist and heritage lines

Narrow-gauge tourist and heritage lines of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge and 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) narrow gauge still operate.
* Jokioinen Museum Railway, 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in), 14 km, Jokioinen–Minkio–Humpilla.
* Nykarleby Jernväg, 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), 2 km.
* Tankavaara Kultakylä, 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in), opened in 1997.
* Outokummun Kaivosrautatie, 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in), 1.15 km, former copper mine.

## Other

* Rokua railway, 900 mm (2 ft 11+7⁄16 in), 3.3 km (2.1 mi), line connecting a hotel with a fitness center
# Vetster

Vetster Inc. is a Canadian veterinary telemedicine company. It is headquartered in Toronto, Canada.

## History

Vetster was formed in 2020 by Mark Bordo and Regan Johnson. Bordo assumed the role of CEO and Johnson was appointed CTO. Cerys Goodall was named Chief Operating Officer in January 2022.
Vetster announced its online pet pharmacy service, VetsterRX to the US market on August 24, 2021. As of October 2021, Vetster had 35 employees.
Together with OnePoll, Vetster published a survey on pet guilt.
The Vetster platform allows users to schedule online consultations with veterinarians and veterinary technicians. Users can schedule consultations at any time of the day and any day of the week. The platform lets users choose which professionals to consult with, rather than assigning them to a veterinarian or technician. Users can receive a prescription through VetsterRx or their local human pharmacy where legally available.
Vetster offers video, text, and voice chat appointments. The Vetster platform can be accessed through the Vetster website or the Vetster mobile app.
In April 2022, the company signed a partnership with PetMed Express. As part of the agreement, PetMeds will be the exclusive eCommerce provider of Vetster medications, and Vetster will be the exclusive provider of telehealth services to PetMed's customers.
In August 2022, the company launched in the UK following a £25m raise.
On January 31, 2024, the company launched its employer benefit Vetster for Business.
# Ínsula

Ínsula (Spanish: Isle) is a magazine based in Madrid, Spain which features articles on literary work and literary criticism, with the subtitle Revista de Letras y Ciencias Humanas. In terms of format and contents, the magazine is similar to the New York Review of Books, and its title is a reference to Spain's isolated status during the post-war period. Eleanor Wright describes Ínsula as one of the most respected independent literary magazines in the post-war period of Spain.

## History and profile

Established in 1946, Ínsula's first issue appeared in January 1946, with Enrique Canito as the founding editor and director. The Spanish poet José Luis Cano was also instrumental in the foundation of the magazine. He served as deputy director and then director of the magazine. It is published by Espasa Libros on a monthly basis, and its headquarters is in Madrid.
The magazine has two major periods, from its start in 1946 to 1988 and from 1988 to the present, and it focuses on Spanish literature and Portuguese literature. However, in the first period, the magazine frequently featured articles about British literature.
Both Spanish and international writers have contributed to Ínsula.

## Bans

Ínsula was subject to bans during the Franco regime. It was suspended in 1947 due to the publication of José Luis Cano's review of James Joyce's Ulysses. In 1956, Ínsula was also closed down by Spanish authorities due to its November 1955 issue honoring Ortega y Gasset upon his death in 1955. The magazine resumed publication in January 1957.

## Legacy

In 1990, a book entitled La Ínsula Sin Nombre: Homenaje a Nilita Vientós Gastón, José Luis Cano y Enrique Canito was published in memory of the former editors of Ínsula.
# Sébastien Minard

Sébastien Minard (born 12 June 1982) is a French former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2005 and 2016 for the R.A.G.T. Semences, Cofidis and AG2R La Mondiale teams. His sporting career began with SV Senlis.

## Major results
### 2002

    6th Grand Prix de la ville de Nogent-sur-Oise

### 2004

    1st Stage 1 Bidasoa Itzulia
    2nd La Roue Tourangelle
    2nd Grand Prix de Waregem
    2nd Grand Prix de la ville de Nogent-sur-Oise
    3rd Paris–Troyes
    3rd Paris–Tours Espoirs
    10th Paris–Roubaix Espoirs

### 2005

    1st Stage 10 Tour de l'Avenir
    7th Boucle de l'Artois

### 2006

    8th Paris–Bourges

### 2007

    5th Overall Étoile de Bessèges
    7th Overall Tour de Picardie

### 2009

    4th Tour du Finistère
    5th Overall Étoile de Bessèges

### 2010

    1st Paris–Camembert
    5th Polynormande
    6th Route Adélie

### 2012

    10th Paris–Camembert

### 2013

    4th Overall Tour de Picardie

### 2014

    8th Paris–Camembert

### 2016

    10th Tro-Bro Léon

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| Giro d'Italia | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career | Did not contest during career |
| Tour de France | — | — | — | 38 | 92 | 110 | 65 | 124 | 99 | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | 43 | 57 | 71 | — | 102 | — | — | — | — | 96 | DNF |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Mooroopna Football Club

The Mooroopna Football Netball Club, nicknamed the Cats, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the rural town of Mooroopna, Victoria.
Mooroopna currently competes in the Goulburn Valley Football League (GVFL), of which Mooroopna is a founding member.

## History

The first apparent details of a game of Australian Rules football between Mooroopna and Shepparton was published in The Weekly Times in July 1879
After short periods prior to and following World War II playing in the Goulburn Valley Football Association (GVFA) and Central Goulburn Valley Football League (CGVFL), Mooroopna returned to the GVFL in 1949, where it has played to the present day.

## Competition Timeline

* 1893 - 1934: Goulburn Valley Football League
* 1935 - Goulburn Valley Second Eighteens Football League
* 1936 - 1938: Goulburn Valley Football League
* 1939 - 1941: Goulburn Valley Football Association
* 1942 - 1944: Club in recess > World War Two
* 1945 - Goulburn Valley Football Association
* 1946 - 1948: Central Goulburn Valley Football League
* 1949 - 2019: Goulburn Valley Football League
* 2020 - GVFNL & Mooroopna FNC in recess > COVID-19
* 2021 to present day - Goulburn Valley Football League

## Football Premierships
### Seniors

| League | Total Flags | Premiership year(s) |
| Goulburn Valley FL | 12 | 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1907, 1923, 1924, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1985, 1986. |
| Goulburn Valley Football Association | 1 | 1939 |
| Central Goulburn Valley Football League | 1 | 1946 |

### Reserves

| League | Total Flags | Premiership year(s) |
| Goulburn Valley Second Eighteens Football League | 2 | 1928, 1929 |
| Goulburn Valley FL | 6 | 1954, 1969, 1982, 1984, 2012, 2015 |

### Under 18's / Thirds

| League | Total Flags | Premiership year(s) |
| Goulburn Valley FL | 2 | 1982, 1986 |

## League Best & Fairest
### Senior Football

* Goulburn Valley Football League: Morrison Medal
** 1962 - Brian McCarty
** 1965, 1967, 1968 - Ray Willett
** 1972 & 1973 - Dowie Bux
** 1977 - Gavin Saunders
** 1983 & 1985 - Gary Cooper
** 2012 - Mark Blake

## VFL/AFL players

The following footballers played with Mooroopna, prior to playing senior football in the VFL/AFL, and / or drafted, with the year indicating their VFL/AFL debut.
* 1909 - Ken McKenzie - St Kilda
* 1922 - Angus MacIsaac - Richmond
* 1923 - Clyde Hill - Carlton
* 1925 - Fred Wood - Richmond
* 1932 - Fred Hawking - Geelong
* 1934 - Jim Steigenberger - Fitzroy
* 1936 - Ashley Foley - Geelong
* 1937 - Clyde Helmer - Geelong
* 1939 - Geoff Organ - Geelong
* 1940 - Shadrach James - Fitzroy
* 1946 - Trojan Darveniza - St Kilda
* 1947 - Arthur Irvine - Geelong
* 1955 - Roger Bullen - Geelong
* 1956 - Merv Hicks - Collingwood
* 1975 - Barry Ough - Melbourne
* 2007 - Jarrod Harbrow - Footscray
* 2009 - Riley Milne - Hawthorn
* 2015 - Nathan Drummond - Richmond
* 2016 - Clayton Oliver - Melbourne
* 2017 - Jy Simpkin - North Melbourne
* 2019 - Laitham Vandermeer - Footscray
* 2022 - Tom Brown - Richmond
# Helgoland (book)

Helgoland is a book by Italian physicist Carlo Rovelli about quantum mechanics and the relational interpretation of it that Rovelli developed. The title refers to Heligoland, an island in the North Sea where Werner Heisenberg secluded himself while developing the basic ideas of quantum mechanics in 1925.
The book was first published in Italian in 2020, and an English translation by Erica Segre and Simon Carnell was published the following year. The Persian translation, translated by Samane Noroozi (Chatrang Publisher), was published the following year in Iran.
# Derwyn Owen

Derwyn Trevor Owen (29 July 1876— 9 April 1947) was the sixth Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada and the fifth Bishop of Niagara then Toronto.

## Early life and career

Educated at Trinity College, Toronto, he was ordained in 1901. He held curacies at St John's Church, Toronto and then St James’ Cathedral in the same city. He was rector of Holy Trinity Church, Toronto from 1908 to 1914 and then the Dean of Niagara until his ordination to the episcopate.

## Episcopate

Owen was consecrated as Bishop on 24 June 1925 and enthroned as Bishop of Niagara. He was translated in 1932 to be the Bishop of Toronto. In 1934 he was elected Primate of All Canada, and thereafter styled Archbishop of Toronto and Primate of All Canada (although he was not the Metropolitan of the Province of Ontario, of which Toronto diocese is a part).

## Private life

Owen was a Freemason, and a member of Ionic Lodge No 25, Toronto. He married Nora Grier Jellett. His son, Derwyn R.G. Owen, became Provost of Trinity College, Toronto, Owen Senior's old college. An oral history interview of Derwyn R.G. Owen, which includes an account of his family history, can be found at the University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services.
# Torres Strait Treaty

The Torres Strait Treaty is a treaty signed between Australia and Papua New Guinea. The treaty defined the border between Australia and Papua New Guinea following the latter's independence from Australia in 1975. The treaty also set out the manner in which the common border area would be managed. The treaty was signed in December 1978 and came into effect in 1985.
The treaty is named for the Torres Strait that separates mainland Australia and Papua New Guinea.

## Boundaries

The treaty defines two boundaries between Australia and Papua New Guinea
* Seabed Jurisdiction Line–Australia and Papua New Guinea have rights to all things on or below the seabed on their respective sides of this line
* Fisheries Jurisdiction Line–Australia and Papua New Guinea have rights to swimming fish on their respective sides of the line. Both countries have agreed to share these rights.
Despite being located on the Papua New Guinea side of the Seabed Jurisdiction Line, the following islands belong to Australia:
* Anchor Cay,
* Aubusi Island,
* Black Rocks,
* Boigu Island,
* Bramble Cay,
* Dauan Island,
* Deliverance Island,
* East Cay,
* Kaumag Island,
* Kerr Islet,
* Moimi Island,
* Pearce Cay,
* Saibai Island,
* Turnagain Island and
* Turu Cay.

## Protected Zone

The treaty also established the Torres Strait Protected Zone. The aim of the Protected Zone is to allow indigenous Torres Strait Islanders and coastal Papua New Guinea people to maintain their traditional ways of life. The treaty "allows traditional people to move freely within the Protected Zone (without passports or visas) for traditional purposes."
The following villages in Papua New Guinea have traditional rights under this treaty to enter into the Australian-controlled part of the Protected Zone. These are known as the "Treaty Villages".
* Bula,
* Mari,
* Jarai,
* Tais,
* Buji/Ber,
* Sigabadaru,
* Mabadauan,
* Old Mawatta,
* Ture Ture,
* Kadawa,
* Katatai,
* Parama, and
* Sui
# Wooden ox

The wooden ox (木牛流馬; lit. wooden ox and flowing horse) was a single-wheeled cart with two handles (i.e., a wheelbarrow) whose invention within China is sometimes credited to Zhuge Liang while he served Shu Han around the year 230 CE. The wooden ox purportedly allowed a single man to transport enough food to supply four others for up to three months, and this allowed for the feeding of large armies in the field. The wooden ox is pulled from the front, like an ox with a yoke; the flowing horse is pushed from behind. The basic device, however, appears to have been recorded centuries earlier in stone carvings dating from as early as 206 BCE.
# James Baker (New Zealand cricketer)

James Baker (born 16 February 1988) is a Somoan cricketer who plays for Northern Districts and captains the Samoa cricket team. He was the leading wicket-taker in the 2017–18 Plunket Shield season for Northern Districts, with 34 dismissals in ten matches. In June 2018, he was awarded a contract with Northern Districts for the 2018–19 season.
In June 2019, he was selected to represent the Samoa cricket team in the men's tournament at the 2019 Pacific Games. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Papua New Guinea, on 8 July 2019. Samoa's 157-run victory against New Caledonia in the tournament's bronze medal match earned Baker a bronze medal.
# Eddy Seigneur

Eddy Seigneur (born 15 February 1969) is a French former professional road racing cyclist. His sporting career began with VC Beauvais Oise. He won the Champs-Élysées stage in 1994 Tour de France. He is a four-time French national time trial champion and he also won the French road race championship in 1995.

## Major results
### 1990

    1st Grand Prix de la ville de Nogent-sur-Oise

### 1993

    1st Grand Prix de Rennes
    2nd Grand Prix d'Isbergues
    2nd Grand Prix d'Ouverture La Marseillaise
    3rd Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
       1st Stage 2b (ITT)
    3rd Grand Prix des Nations
    3rd Chrono des Nations

### 1994

    1st Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
       1st Stage 2b (ITT)
    1st Stage 21 Tour de France
    1st Chateau–Chinon
    1st Dun Le Palestel

### 1995

    1st National Road Race Championships
    1st Stage 1 Circuit Cycliste Sarthe
    1st Dijon (Criterium)

### 1996

    Aubervilliers
    1st National Time Trial Championships
    1st Overall Tour du Poitou-Charentes
       1st Stage 5 (ITT)

### 1997

    1st Overall Circuit des Mines
       1st Stage 3 (ITT)
    2nd Duo Normand (with Andrea Peron)
    4th Grand Prix des Nations

### 2000

    2nd National Time Trial Championships

### 2001

    1st Stage 7 Circuit des Mines (ITT)
    2nd Classic Haribo
    3rd National Time Trial Championships

### 2002

    1st National Time Trial Championships

### 2003

    1st National Time Trial Championships
    Volta ao Alentejo
       1st Stages 1 & 5 (ITT)

### 2004

    1st National Time Trial Championships
    1st Duo Normand (with Frédéric Finot)
    5th Grand Prix des Nations