# Bishan, Chongqing

Bishan (Chinese: 璧山区; pinyin: Bìshān Qū) is one of the districts of Chongqing, China, with a history of over 2000 years. Bishan is 23 kilometers (14 mi) west of Chenjiaping in downtown Chongqing. Formerly a county, it became a district on 6 June 2014.

## Administrative divisions

Bishan administers 6 subdistricts and 9 towns, with a total area of 915 square kilometers.
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Bicheng Subdistrict | 璧城街道 | Bìchéng Jiēdào | 204702 | 43 |
| Biquan Subdistrict | 璧泉街道 | Bìquán Jiēdào | 204702 | 43 |
| Qinggang Subdistrict | 青杠街道 | Qītáng Jiēdào | 204702 | 43 |
| Laifeng Subdistrict | 来凤街道 | Láifèng Jiēdào | 78582 | 44.48 |
| Dingjia Subdistrict | 丁家街道 | Dīngjiā Jiēdào | 60585 | 85.12 |
| Dalu Subdistrict | 大路街道 | Dàlù Jiēdào | 48145 | 115.5 |
| Batang town | 八塘镇 | Bātáng Zhèn | 23851 | 65.26 |
| Qitang town | 七塘镇 | Qītáng Zhèn | 21185 | 57 |
| Hebian town | 河边镇 | Hébiān Zhèn | 20037 | 52.5 |
| Fulu town | 福禄镇 | Fúlù Zhèn | 13586 | 40.6 |
| Daxing town | 大兴镇 | Dàxīng Zhèn | 40068 | 100.14 |
| Zhengxing town | 正兴镇 | Zhèngxìng Zhèn | 27804 | 75.02 |
| Guangpu town | 广普镇 | Guǎngpǔ Zhèn | 18002 | 47.15 |
| Sanhe town | 三合镇 | Sānhé Zhèn | 11336 | 35.98 |
| Jianlong town | 健龙镇 | Jiànlóng Zhèn | 18151 | 27.7 |

## History

Bishan has a recorded history of over 2000 years.
* In 316 BC, Jiangzhou County (江州县) was established here by the State of Qin.
* In 757, Bishan County was established and administered by Yuzhou.
* In 1102, Bishan was administered by Gongzhou, which is renamed from Yuzhou.
* In 1189, Gongzhou was promoted to Chongqing Fu, which still administered Bishan County.
* In 1259, Bishan County was merged into Ba County.
* In 1483, Bishan County was re-established.
* In 1662, Bishan County was merged into Yongchuan County.
* In 1729, Bishan County was re-established again.
* In 1914, Bishan County was administered by Sichuan province.
* In 1997, Bishan County became part of the newly established Chongqing Municipality.
* In 2014, Bishan County became Bishan District of Chongqing.

## Geographic condition

Bishan is located in 106°02′E−106°20′E of longitude and 29°17′N−29°53′N of latitude. It is in border with Shapingba District and Jiulongpo District in east, with Jiangjin District of Chongqing in south, with Tongliang County and Yongchuan District of Chongqing in west, with Hechuan District and Beibei District of Chongqing in north.

## Climate

Its climate belongs to subtropic monsoon weather style, with an annual average temperature of 18.0°C, annual total rainfall of 1231.2mm and frost-free period of 337 days. On 20 August 2022, a maximum temperature of 43.8 °C (110.8 °F) was registered in Bishan District.
Climate data for Bishan, elevation 332 m (1,089 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 37.2 (99.0) | 38.0 (100.4) | 40.3 (104.5) | 42.2 (108.0) | 41.5 (106.7) | 35.1 (95.2) | 29.0 (84.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 18.2 (64.8) | 23.6 (74.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 29.2 (84.6) | 33.0 (91.4) | 33.3 (91.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 17.1 (62.8) | 11.4 (52.5) | 22.2 (71.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) | 10.0 (50.0) | 14.2 (57.6) | 19.0 (66.2) | 22.4 (72.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.3 (82.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 18.5 (65.3) | 14.0 (57.2) | 9.0 (48.2) | 18.3 (65.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 7.8 (46.0) | 11.3 (52.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.1 (66.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.3 (45.1) | 15.7 (60.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) | 0.6 (33.1) | −0.1 (31.8) | 6.2 (43.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 15.0 (59.0) | 18.2 (64.8) | 18.6 (65.5) | 13.6 (56.5) | 6.7 (44.1) | 3.7 (38.7) | −1.5 (29.3) | −1.7 (28.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.5 (0.65) | 20.2 (0.80) | 50.1 (1.97) | 97.8 (3.85) | 135.7 (5.34) | 196.2 (7.72) | 176.5 (6.95) | 139.1 (5.48) | 125.5 (4.94) | 90.8 (3.57) | 47.0 (1.85) | 21.1 (0.83) | 1,116.5 (43.95) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.0 | 8.7 | 11.4 | 14.0 | 15.9 | 16.5 | 12.6 | 11.8 | 13.6 | 17.0 | 11.6 | 10.9 | 154 |
| Average snowy days | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 78 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 80 | 75 | 72 | 78 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 25.4 | 37.3 | 77.4 | 106.8 | 108.9 | 96.9 | 165.4 | 173.7 | 102.8 | 52.2 | 44.1 | 23.3 | 1,014.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 8 | 12 | 21 | 27 | 26 | 23 | 39 | 43 | 28 | 15 | 14 | 7 | 22 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Transportation
### Bus

Bus service is available via the Chengyu Expressway from Chenjiaping Bus Station of within Chongqing's city proper, some 23 km (14 mi) away.

### Metro

The Bishan metro station of Line 1 (Chongqing Rail Transit) opened on December 30, 2019. The Bishan rubber-tyred tram runs between the Bishan metro station and Bishan high-speed rail station.

### Railway

Construction of the Bishan Railway Station began in 2012 and was completed in December 2014. The station was opened on December 26, 2015. It is on the route of the Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway, which opened for passenger service in June 2015. The railway station acts as a central travel hub for the Bishan area. After the completion of the high-speed rail line, Bishan was further integrated into the urban area of Chongqing, as travel time to Chongqing city proper was reduced to a mere 15 minutes.