OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sergio Salvioni

Sergio Salvioni (1927-2017) was a Swiss politician and a member of the Swiss Council of States from the Canton of Ticino. He was the son of Arturo and Erminia Salvioni and grandnephew of Prof. Carlo Salvioni, professor of philology and dialectology at the University of Pavia.

## Personal and political life

Sergio Salvioni studied law at the Universities of Basel and Bern (1947–51), obtaining his doctorate in 1951 and completing specialised studies at the universities of Rome, Vienna and Berkeley, California. In 1953 he obtained a patent as a lawyer and notary and started a law office and notary in Locarno in 1962.
In 1986, he was appointed by the Philippine government as legal representative in Switzerland for the recovery of funds (US$684 Million) deposited in the Swiss Confederation by the former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. This effort was successful, and it was honoured by the 15th Philippine President Benigno Aquino III with the "Presidential Medal of Merit" together with Mr. Moritz Leuenberger, former Federal Councillor and President of the Swiss Confederation and Mr. Guy Fontanel, former Member of the Swiss Parliament on 11.02.2014.
Sergio Salvioni was a leading member of the radical wing of the Ticino's Free Democratic Party (FDP). He was a member of Ticino's Grand Council (1971–87), the Swiss National Council (1983–91) and the Swiss Council of States (1991–95). He paved the way for the Gotthard AlpTransit project with the parliamentary motion "Railway line through the Alps" of 14 June 1984.
He was member of the board of the Azienda elettrica ticinese (AET) from 1986 to 1989, and then President from 1989 to 1997. He was president of Swissmetro SA from 1995 to 2003, the purpose of which was to promote and develop the futuristic underground partial vacuum magnetic levitation passenger transport system of Switzerland. Under his leadership, the technical and economic feasibility of Swissmetro was confirmed in studies by the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (EPFL and ETHZ) and a consortium of Swiss Engineering and industrial companies. Despite this, the Swissmetro project was not realised. At this time, the Swiss federal government was already absorbed with other national infrastructure projects (Bahn 2000, Gotthard AlpTransit, etc.). New efforts are now being made by the SwissMetro-NG association (NG=New Generation) to promote a modern version of the original project.
# Gay cowboy

A gay cowboy refers to an individual belonging to the subculture within the gay community of homosexual men who dress and behave like cowboys. This movement, which emerged mainly in the Western United States and Mexico, has spread throughout North America.

## Profile

A gay cowboy is a man who has been involved with cowboy culture and wants to be part of it, and could be someone from a rural area who lives there, as well as a migrant to urban areas due to the rural exodus, but who wants to maintain some habits and customs of country life. The main distinctive feature of these men is through their clothing, such as blue jeans with large buckle belts, plaid shirts, riding boots and cowboy hats, among other elements of western fashion. Regarding behavior, it tends to preserve attitudes of masculinity within the LGBT community. They claim their own sexual orientation as gay males in an environment that can be sexist, with homophobic and prejudiced attitudes towards homosexuality, where effeminate men are socially less tolerated.
Initially, Mexican immigrants in the United States learned from gay American cowboys to develop their own gay cowboy identity, later replicating in Mexico with their own cultural elements, such as ranchera music, traditional Mexican cuisine, etc.

## Popular culture

The film Brokeback Mountain (2005) showed the lives of two American cowboys who had a homosexual relationship in the past and later met again, both married to women. Other films with themes related to cowboy culture and gay men in ranching activities are Strange Way of Life (2023), Cowboys (2020), Power of The Dog (2021) and Dashing in December (2020).
Orville Peck, an openly gay country rock singer, wears a Lone Ranger-style mask to remain anonymous.
The 2012 heavy metal song "Ram Ranch" by Canadian musician Grant MacDonald features explicit lyrics about a large orgy of gay cowboys at the titular ranch. MacDonald created the song to protest the perceived homophobia in the country music industry in the Southern United States, after his songs were rejected by radio stations in Nashville, Tennessee because of their homosexual themes. The song went viral online and has since become a popular internet meme.
# USS Dixon

USS Dixon (AS-37) was an L. Y. Spear-class submarine tender, in service to the United States Navy from 1971 through 1995. Dixon was named for George E. Dixon, commander of the Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley.
Dixon was laid down by General Dynamics Corp, Fore River Shipyard at Quincy, Massachusetts, on 7 September 1967. She was launched on 20 June 1970 and commissioned on 7 August 1971 at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, sponsored by Mrs. Paul Masterson, the wife of retired Vice Adm. Paul Masterson, USN, and commanded by Capt. D.S. Boyd, USN.
In November 1978, two female officers, Ensigns Roberta McIntyre and Macushla McCormick, boarded Dixon. They were part of the first group of female officers to serve aboard U.S. Navy ships starting in November 1978. Ensign McIntyre later became the first woman to qualify as a Surface Warfare Officer. Dixon was decommissioned 15 December 1995 and struck 18 March 1996. She was sunk as a target in the Atlantic Ocean during a fleet training exercise 21 July 2003 over 580 km (360 mi) southeast of Charleston, South Carolina (USA) at 31°16′17.9″N 73°57′46.2″W﻿ / ﻿31.271639°N 73.962833°W﻿ / 31.271639; -73.962833 in a depth of 5130 m (2805 fathoms).
# Anthony Avom Mbume

Anthony Avom Mbume (born 13 December 1968) is a Cameroonian wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 74 kg at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985

Turkey was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 with the song "Didai didai dai", written by Mazhar Alanson, Fuat Güner, and Özkan Uğur, and performed by themselves under their stage name MFÖ. The Turkish participating broadcaster, Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT), selected its entry through a national final.

## Before Eurovision
### 9. Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması Türkiye Finali

Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) held the national final on 1 March 1985 at the Istanbul Atatürk Kültür Merkezi in Istanbul, hosted by Başak Doğru and Orhan Boran. Nine songs competed and the winner was determined by an expert jury.
Final – 1 March 1985 :
| Draw | Artist | Song | Lyricist | Composer | Place |
| 1 | Neco & Nükhet Duru | "Bir Sevgi Yeter" | Ayşe Irmak Manioğlu | Selmi Andak | — |
| 2 | MFÖ | "Aşık Oldum" | Mazhar Alanson | Mazhar Alanson, Fuat Güner, Özkan Uğur | 1 |
| 3 | Neco & Nükhet Duru | "Boşver" | Nükhet Duru | Uğur Başar | — |
| 4 | Pınar Seyhun | "Bakışlar" | Pınar Seyhun, Tamer Aykaç | Coşkun Ömer Göksel | — |
| 5 | Sezen Aksu & Özdemir Erdoğan | "Küçük Bir Aşk Masalı" | Sezen Aksu, Hıncal Uluç | Ali Kocatepe | — |
| 6 | Feza Tok | "Özlem" | Beyza Tok | Beyza Tok | — |
| 7 | Neco & Nükhet Duru | "Sev" | Olcayto Ahmet Tuğsuz | Olcayto Ahmet Tuğsuz | 2 |
| 8 | Nil Burak | "Güneş Bir Kere Doğdu" | Aysel Gürel | Selmi Andak | 3 |
| 9 | Neco & Nükhet Duru | "Yıllardan Sonra" | Olcayto Ahmet Tuğsuz | Olcayto Ahmet Tuğsuz | — |

## At Eurovision

The contest was broadcast on TRT Televizyon.
On the night of the contest Mahzar Fuat Özkan performed 7th in the running order following France and preceding Belgium. The name of the trio was announced as MFÖ (abbreviated for Mahzar Fuat Özkan) and the name of the song as "Didai didai dai". The song was also arranged for the big orchestra by Garo Mafyan. At the close of the voting Didai Didai Dai had received 36 points placing Turkey 14th. 8 participants had voted for Didai Didai Dai. The Turkish jury awarded its 12 points to Spain.
# Ursus Bus

Ursus Bus is a Polish bus, coach, trolleybus manufacturer based in Lublin, Poland. The company was founded in 2015 by URSUS S.A. and AMZ-KUTNO S.A.

## Products
### Current electric models

* Ursus Ekovolt – low-floor 12m electric city bus
* Ursus City Smile 8.5E – low-floor 8,5m electric city bus
* Ursus City Smile 10E – low-floor 10m electric city bus
* Ursus City Smile 12E – low-floor 12m electric city bus
* Ursus City Smile 18E – low-floor 18m electric city bus

### Current Diesel models

* Ursus City Smile 10M LF – low-floor 10m city bus
* Ursus City Smile 12M LF – low-floor 12m city bus

### Trolleybuses

* Ursus T70116 – low-floor 12,50m trolleybus
# Mutěnín

Mutěnín is a municipality and village in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Mutěnín lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Domažlice, 51 km (32 mi) south-west of Plzeň, and 135 km (84 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Mutěnín consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Mutěnín (214)
* Erazim (1)
* Ostrov (7)
* Starý Kramolín (34)
# Manteño-Huancavilca culture

The Manteño-Huancavilca culture (Spanish: Los Manteños) were one of the last pre-Columbian cultures in modern-day Ecuador, active from 850 to 1600 CE (1150–400 BP). It encompasses the area of the earlier Valdivia culture.

## Scope

The term was coined in the mid-20th century by Ecuadorian archeologist Jacinto Jijón y Caamaño, to describe pre-Hispanic settlement near the town of Manta on the Pacific coast. Their historic area has been engulfed in part by more recent settlement.
Soon after Jijón y Caamaño published his findings, the term Manteño began to be applied to several distinct sub-groups: northern Manteño (Manteño del Norte, Sillas, or Manabita), southern Manteño (Huancavilca) and Punáe. Some archaeologists and historians reject this split, however, applying the term Huancavilca to all three groups; this term is of Incan origin, from the time of the first colonisation.
Little work has distinguished such groupings. Historian Cieza de León, however, says that residents in coastal towns north of Salango used a type of facial tattoo distinguishable from those to their south. Other proposed divisions have included coastal and inland areas, based on types of burial and subsistence.
The Manteño chiefdoms – under the broad definition – extended over coastal parts of the present-day provinces of Manabí, Santa Elena and Guayas, including La Plata Island. The Bahía de Caráquez and Chone River mark the northern boundary of this territory, and the Guayas basin its southern boundary.
According to early colonial sources, the town of Picoazá was the site of a Manteño chiefdom. In addition, major sites have been found at the Cerro de Hojas and Cerro Jaboncillo, the Cerro de Paco, Cerro las Negras, Cerro los Santo, Bellavista, Agua Blanca, Loma de los Cangrejitos, López Viejo, Los Frailes, Montecristi, Olón, Salango and La Libertad.

## Organisation

Many (if not all) were split into four major settlements, with the chief of the principal settlement overlord. Caamaño believed that the Manteños operated like a trading ring rather than a kingdom or empire, and drew parallels to the Hanseatic League. Manteño settlements typically contain large quantities of characteristic pottery and large stone foundations.

## Lifestyle

The culture primarily grew fruits and vegetables, such as maize, peanuts, tomatoes, and squash. The civilizations built their houses out of straw or palm leaves, and also used houses made of a type of bamboo native to the region, using river rocks as a foundation. The culture was also specialized in diving for Spondylus, a food that was said to be of the gods. They also used its purple and orange shell as a type of currency; this shell was traded throughout the region as far north as Mexico. The Spondylus is unique to the warm waters of coastal Ecuador. The Manteños were such a unique culture that the Inca never conquered them and let the Manteños buy their way with the food and shell of the gods that they only knew how to find due to this specialization of diving.
# 1950 Oregon Ducks football team

The 1950 Oregon Ducks football team represented the University of Oregon as a Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) member during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Jim Aiken, the Ducks compiled a 1–9 record (0–7 against PCC opponents), finished in last place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents 214 to 97.
The Oregon squad — known both as the "Ducks" and the "Webfoots" in the press — played three of its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon and two at Multnomah Stadium in Portland.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 23 | | at UCLA | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 0–28 | 53,052 |
| September 30 | | No. 14 California | Multnomah StadiumPortland, OR | L 7–28 | 27,849 |
| October 7 | 1:30 p.m. | Montana* | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | W 21–13 | 12,211 |
| October 14 | | at Idaho | Neale StadiumMoscow, ID | L 0–14 | 12,000 |
| October 21 | | Saint Mary's* | Hayward FieldEugene, OR (Governors' Trophy Game) | L 13–18 | 9,752 |
| October 28 | | at USC | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 21–30 | 27,008 |
| November 4 | | Washington State | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | L 13–21 | 15,176 |
| November 11 | | at No. 17 Washington | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA (rivalry) | L 13–27 | 34,475 |
| November 18 | | at Colorado* | Folsom FieldBoulder, CO | L 7–21 | 12,223 |
| November 25 | | vs. Oregon State | Multnomah StadiumPortland, OR (Civil War) | L 2–14 | 26,800 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Pacific time |||||||
# Bahramjerd

Bahramjerd (Persian: بهرام جرد) is a village in Negar Rural District of Negar District, Bardsir County, Kerman province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 219 in 70 households, when it was in the Central District of Bardsir County. The following census in 2011 counted 272 people in 83 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Negar District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 493 people in 151 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# The Wife of Arminius Brought Captive to Germanicus

The Wife of Arminius Brought Captive to Germanicus is a 1773 history painting by the Anglo-American artist Benjamin West. It depicts a scene from the Roman Empire's military campaign in Germania in the early first century, loosely based on the writings of the historian Tacitus. In the Roman encampment the recently captured Thusnelda and her children are brought before the Roman commander Germanicus. Thusnelda was the wife of Arminius, who had previously inflicted a major defeat on the Romans at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Germanicus gave safe passage for Thusnelda and her family to return to her husband. Germanicus is seated on a dais on the left. Segestes, dressed in yellow, is pleading on behalf of his daughter-in-law In reality, Thusnelda refused to denounce her husband and was taken back to Rome as a prisoner and was paraded along with her son Thumelicus in a triumph in 17 AD.
West, a future president of the Royal Academy, received a number of commissions from the king. The subject would have appealed to George as the House of Hanover claimed descent from Thusnelda. He was paid 150 guineas each for this work and its companion piece The Family of the King of Armenia before Cyrus, which displayed a similar classical scene of magnanimity. Both paintings remain in the Royal Collection and are on loan at Spencer House.
# Diana Abu-Jaber

Diana Abu-Jaber (Arabic: ديانا أبو جابر) is an American author and a professor at Portland State University.

## Early life and education

Abu-Jaber was born in Syracuse, New York. Her father was Jordanian with a Palestinian Jerusalemite mother; Diana's mother was American, descended from Irish and German roots. At the age of seven, she moved with her family for two years to Jordan. She received a BA in English and Creative Writing from the State University of New York at Oswego, an MA in English and Creative Writing from the University of Windsor, and a PhD in English and Creative Writing from Binghamton University. She divides her time between Miami and Portland.

## Career

Abu-Jaber writes about Arab and Arab-American culture and identity, often using the culture of food and food production.
Her academic appointments include: Visiting Assistant Professor, English, Iowa State University (1990); Assistant Professor, English, University of Oregon (1990–1995); and Writer-in-Residence/Professor, English Department, Portland State University (1996–present).
# Dorisiella

Dorisiella is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. This genus was created in 1930 by Ray.

## Taxonomy

Currently there is only one species recognised in this genus.

## Life cycle

This species infects the gastrointestinal tract of polychaete worms. It is not known if it has any other host.
The parasite infects the cells of the gut wall. The oocysts have thin membrane like walls. Each sporocyst gives rise to 8 sporozoites

## Host records

Malacoceros fuliginosus. This worm of the family Spionidae was previously known as Scolelepis fuliginosa. This name is now recognised as a junior synonym.
# Five Pagoda Temple

The name Five Pagoda/Stupa Temple (Chinese: 五塔寺; pinyin: Wǔ Tǎ Sì) refers to several temples in China that were constructed following the architectural design of a Diamond Throne Pagoda inspired by the Indian Mahabodhi Temple. Temples built according to this design are:
* Zhenjue Temple in Beijing, the oldest temple of this style in China
* Five Pagoda Temple in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia
* Miaozhan Temple (Chinese: 妙湛寺; pinyin: Miàozhàn Sì) in Kunming, Yunnan Province
* Guanghui Temple in Zhengding, Hebei Province
* A diamond throne pagoda in Thailand
* A diamond throne stupa in China
* A diamond throne pagoda in China
* A diamond throne stupa in Myanmar
# Richard's Things

Richard's Things is a 1980 British drama film directed by Anthony Harvey and starring Liv Ullmann, Amanda Redman and Peter Burton. It was written by Frederic Raphael and based on his 1973 novel of the same name. It was entered into the 37th Venice International Film Festival.

## Plot

On the death of the title character Richard, his widow discovers he had a secret long-term mistress. Despite the initial awkwardness between the two women, they soon begin to bond, leading to a lesbian relationship.

## Main cast

* Liv Ullmann as Kate Morris
* Amanda Redman as Josie
* Peter Burton as Colonel
* Tim Pigott-Smith as Peter
* Elizabeth Spriggs as Mrs Sells
* David Markham as Morris
* Mark Eden as Richard
* Gwen Taylor as Margaret
* John Vine as Doctor Mace
* Michael Maloney as Bill
* Tracey Childs as Joanna
* Margaret Lacey as Miss Beale
# Mulling (spectroscopy)

Mulling is the process of grinding up a sample into fine powder through mortar and pestle that is dispersed in a paraffin for infrared spectroscopy. The resulting powder is sometimes called a mull.

## Sample preparation

Using a nonporous ceramic mortar and pestle, a small quantity of the solid sample is ground up until the sample is exceedingly fine and has a glassy appearance. A drop of a mulling agent (see below) is added to the ground solid in the mortar. The mixture is further ground up to acquire a uniform paste with the consistency of toothpaste. The resulting paste is transferred to a salt plate (sodium chloride) with a small flat spatula. Applying another flat surface and sandwiching the paste under gentle compression renders the sample ready for analysis.

## Mulling agents

There are a variety of mineral oils used as mulling agents, their relevant differences being the absorption bands in their respective infrared spectra.
The mineral oil most commonly used in mulling is Nujol, which is essentially a liquid-paraffin-based solution. When it is used for mulling, its carbon-to-hydrogen bonds exhibit strong absorption in the infrared spectrum. These absorptions are so strong that they may mask those of any C-H bonds that may be present in the sample itself.
Another mulling agent that is commonly used is Fluorolube, essentially a fluorocarbon-based solution that exhibits strong carbon-to-fluorine bond absorptions from 1300 cm$^{−1}$ onwards to 400 cm$^{−1}$ in the mid-infrared spectrum. The useful range for observation of a sample in a mid-infrared spectrum when using Fluorolube as the mulling agent is 4000 cm$^{−1}$ to 1300 cm$^{−1}$.
Because of these two agents’ complementary absorption processes, it is common to run a sample as both a Nujol mull and a Fluorolube mull separately. This allows for all of the spectral features of the sample to be seen in an infrared spectrum, since the regions masked by each specific mulling agent are unaffected by the other.
# Stonington Harbor Light

The Stonington Harbor Light is a historic lighthouse built in 1840 and located on the east side of Stonington Harbor in the Borough of Stonington, Connecticut. It is a well-preserved example of a mid-19th century stone lighthouse. The light was taken out of service in 1889 and the building has served as a museum for the Stonington Historical Society since 1925. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

## Description and history

The Stonington Harbor Light is located at the southern end of Stonington Point, marking the eastern side of Stonington Harbor. The light station consists of the tower and keeper's house; both are built out of large granite blocks, and the keeper's house has a wood-framed ell attached. The tower is an octagonal stone structure 35 feet (11 m) in height and 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter, with a circular glass lantern house on top. The house is 1½ stories and about 30 feet (9.1 m) square.
The federal government built a lighthouse on Windmill Point in Stonington Harbor in 1823; it was housed in a small granite lighthouse and was known by the same name. However, erosion led to its being torn down and its materials reused in the construction of this lighthouse. The light was originally lit by an oil lamp and broadcast by eight parabolic reflectors. This technology was already obsolete at the time of the lighthouse's construction, and it was replaced by a sixth-order Fresnel lens in 1856.
In the 1880s, the Stonington Breakwater Light was constructed farther out in the harbor, and the Stonington Harbor Light was decommissioned in 1889. The site is now the home of the Stonington Historical Society which uses the building as The Old Lighthouse Museum. Holdings in the museum document the area's long and distinguished cultural and nautical history, and exhibits include the 1856 Fresnel lens.
* View from the lantern room
* Another view from the lantern room

## Head keepers

* Neil Martin 1882
* Nahor Jones 1882 – 1886
* Samuel C. Gardiner 1886
* John Ryle 1886 – 1887
* Samuel A. Keeney 1887 – 1903
* Maurice Russell 1903 – 1904
* Adolph Obman 1904 – 1907
* John J. Cook 1907 – 1909
* William Janse 1909
* Adolph Obman 1909 – 1911
* Robert R. Laurier 1911 – 1912
* John H. Paul 1912
* Joseph Meyer 1913
* Charles R. Riley 1915 – 1916
* Edward Grime 1917 – 1919
* George Washington Denton, Jr. 1919
* Edward Murphy 1919 - 1920
* Edward Iten 1921 – 1927
* Edward M. Whitford 1929
* Robert M. Fitton 1930
* Raymond F. Bliven 1930 – 1931
* Martin Luther Sowle 1938 – 1953