OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Landelle

Charles Zacharie Landelle (2 June 1821 – 13 October 1908) was a French painter who specialized in portraits. He is best known for his Orientalist works.

## Biography

He was born in Laval, where his father was employed by the préfecture. In 1827, his family moved to Paris when his father was transferred and he would not return to his hometown until near the end of his life. In 1837, at the age of sixteen, he was admitted to the École des Beaux-arts, where he studied with Paul Delaroche and Ary Scheffer. After trips to Italy and the south of France, he copied the Old Masters at the Louvre. He began by painting portraits largely as a means of supporting himself.
These were a great success and he had his first exhibit at the Salon of 1841. His works came to the attention of King Louis-Philippe and he was awarded a medal. Soon, he became an official painter and received numerous state commissions. His portrait sitters also now came from a higher level of society. In 1852, Napoleon III bought several of his works and became a great admirer. Thanks to him, Landelle was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1855.
In 1857, he married Alice Letronne (1832–1882), daughter of the archaeologist Jean-Antoine Letronne who had served as Garde Général of the Archives Nationales and helped save them during the February Revolution. They had two sons who both predeceased their father.
In 1859, he received a major commission from the Emperor to decorate the salon of the Élysée Palace. He painted six doorways with allegories of the Four Elements plus Peace and War. He was very prolific overall, producing somewhere between 2,000 and 3,000 works, counting duplicates. One painting was redone in twenty-three different versions.
After voyages to North Africa and the Middle East in 1860, he produced a number of Orientalist works. He also visited Morocco in 1866, but went as part of an official delegation rather than as a painter. In 1875, he went to Egypt and sailed the Nile with the explorer Auguste-Édouard Mariette. Every year after, he made painting trips to Algeria. He became known as the peintre des fellahs (painter of fellahs).
He later began a campaign to create an art museum in Laval, which he inaugurated in 1895, along with President Félix Faure. Today, it is known as the Musée des Sciences [fr].
He died in Chennevières-sur-Marne in 1908, without descendants. The largest number of his works are in Laval, but may also be seen at the Louvre, the Palace of Versailles, Musée Ingres, Musée des beaux-arts de Reims, Musée de Grenoble and the Musée des beaux-arts de Rouen.

## Selected paintings

* Ismene, Nymph of Diana
* Girl with a Mallow Branch
* The Actor, Jean Mounet-Sully
* Algerian Woman Playing a Darbouka
* Young Girl from Tetuan
* Judith
* Jewish woman from Tangier
# IMOCA 60 Paprec 2

The IMOCA 60 class yacht Paprec-Virbac 2 was designed by Farr Yacht Design, assembled by Southern Ocean Marine based in New Zealand and then shipped to France where it was launched in 2007. The boat is a sister ship to Gitana 80, also built by the same builder from the same moulds.

## Names and ownership

Paprec-Virbac 2 (2007-2009)
* Skipper: Jean-Pierre Dick
W Hotels (2009)
* Skipper: Alex Pella
Estrella Damm (2) (2010-2011)
* Skipper: Alex Pella and Pepe Ribes
We Are Water (2014-2015)
* Skipper: Bruno Garcia and Willy Garcial
Le Bateau des Métiers by Aerocampus (2015)
* Skipper: Arnaud Boissières
La Mie Câline (2015-2017)
* Skipper: Arnaud Boissières
La Mie Câline – Artipôle (2017)
* Skipper: Manuel Cousin and Arnaud Boissières
Groupe Sétin (2017-2022)
* Skipper: Manuel Cousin
Coup de Pouce (since 2023)
* Skipper: Manuel Cousin
* Sail No.: FRA 71

## Racing results

| Pos | Year | Race | Class | Boat Name | Skipper | Notes |
| Round the World Races ||||||||
| 23 / 33 | 2021 | 2020–2021 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | Groupe Setin, FRA 71 | Manuel Cousin (FRA) | 103d 18h 15m 40s |
| 10 / 29 | 2017 | 2016–2017 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | La Mie Câline, FRA 14 | Arnaud Boissières (FRA) | 102d 20h 24m 09s |
| 5 / 8 | 2015 | Barcelona World Race | IMOCA 60 | We Are Water, ESP 240 | Bruno Garcia (ESP) Willy Garcial (ESP) | 99d 03h 06m |
| 4 / 14 | 2010 | Barcelona World Race | IMOCA 60 | Estrella Damm (2), ESP 1876 | Pepe Ribes (ESP) Alex Pella (ESP) | 98d 20h 46m |
| DNF / 30 | 2009 | 2008–2009 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | Paprec-Virbac (2) | Jean-Pierre Dick (FRA) | |
| 1 / 9 | 2008 | Barcelona World Race | IMOCA 60 | Paprec-Virbac (2) | Jean-Pierre Dick (FRA) Damien Foxall (IRL) | 92d 09h 50m |
| Transatlantic Races ||||||||
| Other Races ||||||||
# Involvement of Foreign Militias in the Suppression of Protests in Iran

Involvement of foreign militias in the suppression of protests in Iran occurred particularly during periods of major civil unrest. These militias, often backed by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), include groups from Lebanon, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Their involvement is part of Tehran’s broader strategy to maintain internal stability while utilizing its transnational network of Shia militias.

## Background

Iran has cultivated and supported a network of foreign militias under the banner of the "Axis of Resistance," primarily through the IRGC's Quds Force. These groups, which have fought in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen, have also been deployed domestically when the Iranian regime faces widespread protests.

## Key militia groups involved

* Lebanese Hezbollah: Hezbollah has played an important role in Iran's regional strategy and has reportedly assisted in monitoring and suppressing protests inside Iran. The group's operatives have been deployed alongside Iranian security forces to provide tactical support and intelligence gathering.
* Iraqi Militias (Hashd al-Shaabi/Popular Mobilization Forces): Various factions of the Hashd al-Shaabi, particularly those closely tied to the IRGC, have been accused of participating in the crackdown on Iranian demonstrators. These militias have experience in urban warfare and have been used to bolster Iranian security forces during large-scale protests.
* Fatemiyoun Brigade (Afghan Fighters): The Fatemiyoun Brigade, an Afghan Shia militia trained and funded by Iran, has been involved in domestic repression. Many of its members, recruited from Afghan refugees in Iran, were initially deployed to Syria but have since been used to counter dissent in Iran.

## Protests

2009 Iranian presidential election protests: On 16 June 2009, Der Spiegel reported that the Iranian government recruited 5,000 Lebanese Hezbollah fighters to clash with protesters.
The protests of 2018-2019: In early March 2019, during, Musa Ghazanfarabadi, head of the Islamic Courts in Tehran, hinted that Iran use foreign proxy forces to manage internal unrest.
Mahsa Amini Protests: In the wake of Mahsa Amini's death in 2022, reports surfaced that Iran had brought in Iraqi allies, specifically members of Hashd al-Shaabi and Kata'ib Hezbollah, to assist in cracking down on protests. Eyewitnesses reported the arrival of these forces in Iran, suggesting their involvement in suppressing the demonstrations.
# Mohawk Run (French Creek tributary)

Mohawk Run is a 5.26 mi (8.47 km) long 2nd order tributary to French Creek in Crawford County, Pennsylvania.

## Course

Mohawk Run rises in a pond about 2 miles west-northwest of Jewel Corners, Pennsylvania, and then flows north, turns east, then turns north again to join French Creek about 0.25 miles northeast of Anderson Corners.

## Watershed

Mohawk Run drains 5.31 square miles (13.8 km$^2$) of area, receives about 44.9 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 459.85, and is about 60% forested.
# Romain Cardis

Romain Cardis (born 12 August 1992 in Melun) is a French cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team St. Michel–Mavic–Auber93. He was named in the startlist for the 2016 Vuelta a España.

## Major results
### 2014

    5th Primus Classic Impanis-Van Petegem

### 2015

    1st Overall Tour du Loir-et-Cher
       1st Points classification
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stages 2 & 4
    10th Overall Tour de Gironde

### 2017

    4th Grand Prix de la Somme
    6th Primus Classic

### 2018

    1st Stage 1 Tour de Wallonie

### 2019

    8th Omloop van het Houtland
    10th Grand Prix de Denain

### 2020

    2nd Grand Prix d'Isbergues
    10th Scheldeprijs

### 2021

    1st Paris–Troyes
    4th Grand Prix de la ville de Pérenchies
    7th Grand Prix d'Isbergues
    8th Grand Prix du Morbihan
    9th Cholet-Pays de la Loire
    10th Boucles de l'Aulne

### 2022

    8th Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
    9th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
    9th Grand Prix d'Isbergues
    9th Grand Prix de la ville de Nogent-sur-Oise

### 2023

    4th Cholet-Pays de la Loire
    8th Classic Loire Atlantique
    10th Overall Région Pays de la Loire Tour
    10th Grand Prix du Morbihan

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2016 |
| Giro d'Italia | — |
| Tour de France | — |
| Vuelta a España | 148 |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# Endlich allein

Endlich allein (Alone at Last) is an operetta by composer Franz Lehár. It uses a German language libretto by A. M. Willner and Robert Bodanzky. It premiered on 30 January 1914 at the Theater an der Wien.
It was revised, with a text by Ludwig Herzer and Fritz Löhner-Beda, under the name Schön ist die Welt and given on 3 December 1930 at the Metropol in Berlin. The leading roles were taken by Gitta Alpar and Richard Tauber, who recorded several excerpts for the Odeon Records company.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 30 January 1914 (Conductor:) |
| The King | baritone | Paul Guttmann |
| Elisabeth | soprano | Louise Kartousch |
| Duchess Maria Brankenhorst | mezzo-soprano | Mizzi Schulz |
| Crown Prince Georg | tenor | Hubert Marischka |
| Mercedes | soprano | Mizzi Günther |
| Count Sascha Karlowitsch | tenor | Ernst Tautenhayn |

## Recordings

* Lehár: Schön ist die Welt, Munich Radio Orchestra
** Conductor: Ulf Schirmer
** Principal singers: Elena Mosuc, Isabella Stettner, Masako Goda, Andreas Hirtreiter, Roland Kandlbinder
** Recording date: 2004
** Label: CPO Records 777 055-2 (CD)
# Mazda K360

The Mazda K360 (Japanese: マツダ・K360) is a three-wheeled light truck made by Mazda. It first went on sale in 1959 in Japan. Production ended in 1969. In total, 280,000 vehicles were produced. It was the replacement for the Mazda-Go.
The vehicle is 2.975 metres (9.76 ft) in length, 1.28 metres (4.2 ft) wide, 1.43 metres (4.7 ft) tall, weighs 485 kilograms (1,069 lb), and has a top speed of 65 km/h (40 mph).
# I Made Pasek Wijaya

I Made Pasek Wijaya (born 5 July 1969 in Denpasar, Bali) is a former player for the Indonesia national football team, he played normally as a midfielder. His height is 172 centimetres (68 in).
Wijaya made several appearances for the Indonesia national football team.

## National Team Career

* 1984: Asian Student Cup
* 1985: U-17 National Team
* 1991–1993: U-23 National Team
* 1997–1998: Senior National Team
* 1999–2000: Senior National Team
# Thorney Rural District

52°35′13″N 0°06′32″W﻿ / ﻿52.587°N 0.109°W﻿ / 52.587; -0.109 Thorney was a rural district in England from 1894 to 1974, situated to the east of Peterborough.
It was created under the Local Government Act 1894, covering the parishes of Thorney and Stanground. It was considered part of the administrative county of the Isle of Ely. In 1904 Stanground was split, with the new parish Stanground North remaining in the district (and Isle of Ely), while the remainder, Stanground South, became part of the Old Fletton Urban District in Huntingdonshire.
In 1965, when Isle of Ely was merged with Cambridgeshire to form Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely, Thorney RD was instead transferred to the administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough.
In 1974, the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, its area going to form part of the Peterborough district, in the new non-metropolitan county of Cambridgeshire.
# Merriman Creek (Verdigre Creek tributary)

Merriman Creek is a 11.11 mi (17.88 km) long second-order tributary to Verdigre Creek in Knox County, Nebraska.

## Course

Merriman Creek rises on the Bazile Creek divide about 5 miles southwest of Creighton, Nebraska in Antelope County and then flows northwest into Knox County to join Verdigre Creek about 4 miles west-southwest of Winnetoon, Nebraska.

## Watershed

Merriman Creek drains 34.27 square miles (88.8 km$^2$) of area, receives about 26.7 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 519.83, and is about 2.51% forested.
# Hadži Hasan Mosque

The Hadži Hasan Mosque (Bosnian: Hadži Hasanova džamija) is a 16th-century mosque in Tuzla in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Until the late 1990s and the construction of new mosques, the mosque was the largest and main mosque of Tuzla.

## History

The Hadži Hasan Mosque in Tuzla has been renovated multiple times, with a significant reconstruction carried out in 1873/74 under Zvornik's governor, Mustafa Pasha, after a fire in 1871. At the time, the building experienced the most extensive renovations in its history. In April 1997, Bosnia and Herzegovina's Institute for the Protection of Cultural, Historical, and Natural Heritage assessed the mosque's condition and proposed restoration measures, revealing that the structure was built on a clay layer.
# Ermesinda of Bigorre

Ermesinda of Bigorre (Aragonese: Ermisenda de Bigorra), born Gerberga or Gisberga (1015 – 1 December 1049), was a Queen of Aragon, a daughter of Bernard-Roger, Count of Bigorre and his wife Garsenda of Bigorre. She was a member of the House of Foix, the sister of Bernard II, Count of Bigorre, Roger I, Count of Foix, and perhaps of Stephanie, Queen of Navarre who married García Sánchez III of Navarre.
Gerberga married on 22 August 1036 to King Ramiro I of Aragon. After her wedding Gerberga changed her name to Ermesinda. The couple were married for thirteen years, in which time her husband elevated himself from a vassal holding scattered lands around Jaca into a de facto ruler of pocket-kingdom spanning the former counties of Aragon, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza, and is thereby credited with being the first King of Aragon. They had the following children:
* Sancho Ramírez (c. 1042 – 4 June 1094), succeeded his father
* García, Bishop of Jaca (d. 17 July 1086)
* Teresa (b. 1037), married William Bertrand of Provence, no issue
* Sancha (d. 1097), possibly married firstly to Pons, Count of Toulouse, and secondly to Ermengol III, Count of Urgell
* Urraca (d. 1077), a nun
All of Ermesinda's children lived to adulthood. She died on 1 December 1049 and she was buried at the Monastery of San Juan de la Peña. Her husband remarried four years later to Agnes.
# French ship Formidable (1795)

Formidable was an 80-gun Tonnant-class ship of the line of the French Navy, laid down in August 1794 and given the name Formidable, on 5 October, but renamed Figuieres on 4 December 1794, although the name was restored to Formidable on 31 May 1795 after she was launched at Toulon on 17 March 1795. She participated in the Battle of Algeciras, the Battle of Cape Finisterre and several other actions before the British captured her at the Battle of Cape Ortegal on 4 November 1805. The British took her into service as HMS Brave. She was sold to be broken up in April 1816.

## French service

On 6 July 1801 she fought in the Battle of Algeciras under Captain Landais Lalonde, who was killed in the action. Command then transferred to capitaine de frégate Amable Troude, formerly second in command of Dessaix.
On 13 July, as she sailed isolated behind the French fleet, she was chased by the frigate HMS Thames and the ships of the line HMS Venerable (74), HMS Caesar (80) and HMS Superb (74). She allowed Venerable catch up and took her under heavy fire, leaving her dismasted and in danger of sinking. The rest of the British squadron had to come to aid Venerable, allowing Formidable to escape to Cádiz, acclaimed by the population. Troude was immediately promoted to capitaine de vaisseau. Bonaparte later met with him and called him "the French Horatius".
In 1802 and 1803, Formidable served in Toulon under Admiral Latouche Tréville.
On 17 January 1805 she went to sea under Admiral Villeneuve, together with ten other ships of the line and eight frigates, and on 20 January the fleet sailed for Martinique in the Caribbean Sea, which it reached on 13 May. The fleet captured Diamond Rock from the British, but Villeneuve returned to Europe on hearing that Horatio Nelson had arrived in the West Indies.
On 22 June 1805, the returning Franco-Spanish fleet was intercepted by a British fleet under Sir Robert Calder, resulting in the Battle of Cape Finisterre. After a violent artillery exchange and the capture of two of the Spanish ships, the fleets were separated in the fog. Exhausted after six months at sea, the fleet anchored in Cádiz to rest and refit. With his command under question and planning to meet the British fleet to gain a decisive victory, Villeneuve left Cádiz and met the British fleet near Cape Trafalgar.
Formidable was the flagship of Rear-Admiral Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley, who commanded the six-ship vanguard of the French fleet, along with Formidable, Scipion, Duguay-Trouin, Mont Blanc, Intrépide and Neptune. The vanguard was kept as a reserve, and joined the battle around 16:00. They only sailed close to the battle and fired a few shots.
On 4 November 1805 at the Battle of Cape Ortegal, Admiral Sir Richard Strachan, with Caesar, Hero, Courageux, Namur and four frigates, defeated and captured what remained of the squadron. Formidable was taken and commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Brave.

## Fate

"Brave" was used as a prison hulk at Plymouth for the remainder of the war. Brave was broken up in 1816.
# Frommer Stop

The Frommer Stop is a Hungarian semi-automatic pistol which was manufactured by small arms firm Fegyver- és Gépgyár (FÉG) in Budapest. It was designed by Rudolf Frommer and adopted by the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1912 as the Pisztoly 12M. The pistol was manufactured in various forms from 1912 to 1945 and was also used by the Ottoman Army and the Royal Hungarian Army, seeing action in World War I and World War II. Its design features a 165 millimeters (6.5 in) long with a 95 millimeters (3.7 in) 4-groove rifled barrel. Unloaded weight is 610 g (22 oz), and the detachable box magazine holds seven rounds.
The pistol incorporated design features of Frommer's earlier sidearm designs, including the M1901 and M1904, both of which were inspired by the Roth–Theodorovic pistol. A predecessor to the M1911, the Frommer Stop was chambered in a proprietary 7.65mm cartridge which had a crimp in the shell casing at the base of the bullet. This round achieved a velocity of 920 feet per second (280 m/s) from the gun. After creating the pistol's first design, Frommer redesigned it with a more conventional layout and patented it in 1912. The new variant was produced from 1919 to 1939, and was adopted by the Royal Hungarian Army under the name Pisztoly 19M and saw service during World War II. The last variant of the Frommer Stop, the Pisztoly 39M, was produced in 9mm Kurz, though it was never adopted as a service pistol by any nation.

## Machine pistol variant

Beginning in 1916, the Austro-Hungarians made several attempts to replicate the Italian Villar Perosa aircraft submachine gun. In 1917, FÉG converted two Frommer Stop pistols into automatic machine pistols with 25-round magazines and fitted them side-by-side to a central mount with a tripod. The machine-pistols were mounted upside-down, and the magazine catches were enlarged for easier unloading. The triggers were removed, and the guns were operated by a set of rods connecting to the spade grips of the mount, which directly engaged the sears. The barrels were lengthened and the cocking mechanisms were redesigned as protruding arms, which were engaged by a set of hinged retracting levers.
This submachine gun was designed to be used as a light machine gun like the Villar Perosa. Although it was tested by the Austro-Hungarian Army, it was not successful and was only made in small numbers. The Frommer machine-pistol was succeeded later in 1917 by the more successful Steyr Arms Sturmpistole, (not to be confused with the German World War II flare and grenade launcher,) a direct copy of the Villar Perosa.

## Users

* Austria-Hungary
* Ottoman Empire
* Hungary
# Carlos Meglia

Carlos Meglia (December 11, 1957 – August 15, 2008) was an Argentine comic book artist, born in the city of Quilmes, Argentina. One of his best-known creations is the Cybersix series, done in partnership with Carlos Trillo. Meglia died on August 15, 2008, at the age of 50.

## 1974

1974 is when Meglia debuted as an assistant to the illustrator Oswal Sanson, where he produced many illustrations for the magazines Pendulum and Skorpio.

## 1979

Meglia illustrated the comic book adaptations of various literary classics such as Don Quichotte, La Bible pour les Enfants, and several books of Martin Fierro, the poet.

## Early 1980s

He contributed to several major magazines of Argentina, including Satiricon – a humorous periodical, El Grafico – a sports magazine, and Billiken – a children's magazine.

## 1983

He made his first short comic stories for the Publisher Record.

## 1984

Meglia decided to enter the Hanna-Barbera Studios, where he worked in animation for some popular cartoon series, including The Smurfs, The Flintstones, and Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?, as well as the animated film The Magic Pumpkin.

## 1987

* He teamed up with the famous Argentinian writer, Carlos Trillo, and together they started Irish Coffee which is a comic series about a detective with supernatural powers.
* Meglia subsequently created Big Bang and The Book of Gabriel, the story of an archangel who lost his immortality and must endure a quest to gain forgiveness from the sin he committed.
* He also did the cover art for Acme Editorial (on which it is signed with the pseudonym Mercuria Karur) and was a teacher of illustration at the School of Fine Arts in Quilmes, where he was born.

## 1991

Trillo and Meglia created their most famous character, Cybersix.

## 1993

* Meglia was awarded Best European Comic Character.
* Meglia and Trillo start the two miniseries Lam and Livevil.

## 1995

Cybersix becomes a live-action television series in Argentina however, its low ratings led it to only lasting seven episodes.

## 1999

* Cybersix becomes an animated television series. It debuted in Canada and Argentina on September 6, and was subsequently dubbed for French, Japanese, Malaysian, Polish, South American, and Thai viewers.
* Meglia begins overseeing the production of a film based on Livelil.

## Second half of the 1990s

After settling down in Spain, Meglia began working for the US market. He cooperated on series such as Wildcats, Dark Horse titles like Star Wars and Spyboy, as well as DC's Superman/Tarzan: Sons of the Jungle, Crimson, Adventures of Superman, and Monster World, as well as Marvel's Elektra.

## 2001

Cybersix animated series wins "Special Mention for the Best Science Fiction Program" at the Pulcinella Awards in Italy.

## 2005

* He created the series Canari with Belgian comic artist Didier Crisse.
* Carlos Meglia died of a heart attack on August 15, 2008, at age 50.