OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jan Firbas

Jan Firbas (25 March 1921, Brno – 5 May 2000, Brno), was a Czech linguist and a prominent representative of the Prague School of linguistics.

## Biography

Born in Brno, in then Czechoslovakia, he studied English, German and philosophy at the Faculty of Arts of Masaryk University. From 1949 he was a member of the Department of English and American Studies of the faculty until his death in 2000. He became a member of the Prague Linguistics Circle, which was outlawed by the communist government. Persecution from the communist government and the fact that he came from an old Protestant family and refused to renounce his belief significantly delayed his academic career. Despite his international renown, it took him ten years to have his habilitation officially approved and he was only made Professor in 1990. In 1986, he was awarded Honorary Doctorates by the Universities of Leuven and Leeds, and in 2000 by the University of Turku. Even though he was frequently invited to give lecture series at universities across the globe in the 1970s and 80s, he could freely accept the invitations only after the fall of the communist regime in November 1989. Jan Firbas died on 5 May 2000 in Brno.
Firbas developed a theory of Information Structure called Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP), inspired by the work of Vilém Mathesius. It is Jan Firbas who is to be credited with the first use of the term Functional Sentence Perspective. He wrote more than 100 papers on the subject and published a comprehensive account of his approach to information structure of language as a monograph in 1992. Firbas's most diligent disciple was Aleš Svoboda, with whom he closely collaborated especially in the 1970s and 1980s on the development and refinement of the key concepts in the theory of Functional Sentence Perspective. The most important contribution of Jan Firbas to the study of information structure of language was to highlight the fact that "word-order is not the only means of FSP", thus in fact also correcting the view of Vilém Mathesius that "English is less susceptible to FSP than Czech" (ibid.). Firbas's further investigation of the means of FSP lead him to postulate a systemic view of FSP in which "context, linear modification, semantics and in the spoken language also intonation act as formative forces or factors" of FSP.
The work of Jan Firbas, covering not only the FSP theory but also other topics in linguistics, has been re-edited by his followers into five volumes of Collected Works of Jan Firbas (ISBN 978-80-210-5127-0). As of 25 March 2021, only the first three volumes have been published.
# Typhlonectes

Typhlonectes (from Greek: τῠφλός tuphlós, 'blind' and Greek: νηκτῆς nēktês, 'swimmer') is a genus of caecilians in the family Typhlonectidae. These fully aquatic amphibians are found in the Amazon Basin and Northern South America, and typically range between 30 and 60 cm (12–24 in) in length.
The genus contains two species:
* Typhlonectes compressicauda (Typhlonectes cunhai)
* Typhlonectes natans
# Murder in Texas law

Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.

## Felony murder rule

The felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she "commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, the person commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual."
The felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.

## Penalties

| Offense | Mandatory sentencing |
| Negligent homicide | 6 months to 2 years in jail |
| Manslaughter | 2 to 20 years in prison |
| Murder | 5 to 99 years or life Parole possible after 30 years or less |
| Capital murder | For adults: Death or life-without-parole For juveniles in adult court: Life with the possibility of parole after 40 years For juveniles in juvenile court: Maximum of 40 years in prison |
# USS Downes (FF-1070)

USS Downes (DE-1070/FF-1070) was the 19th in the series of the Knox-class frigates. She was the third ship to be named for Commodore John Downes

## Design and description

The Knox-class design was derived from the Brooke-class frigate modified to extend range and without a long-range missile system. The ships had an overall length of 438 feet (133.5 m), a beam of 47 feet (14.3 m) and a draft of 25 feet (7.6 m). They displaced 4,066 long tons (4,131 t) at full load. Their crew consisted of 13 officers and 211 enlisted men.
The ships were equipped with one Westinghouse geared steam turbine that drove the single propeller shaft. The turbine was designed to produce 35,000 shaft horsepower (26,000 kW), using steam provided by 2 C-E boilers, to reach the designed speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph). The Knox class had a range of 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km; 5,200 mi) at a speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).
The Knox-class ships were armed with a 5"/54 caliber Mark 42 gun forward and a single 3"/50 caliber gun aft. They mounted an eight-round ASROC launcher between the 5-inch (127 mm) gun and the bridge. Close-range anti-submarine defense was provided by two twin 12.75-inch (324 mm) Mk 32 torpedo tubes. The ships were equipped with a torpedo-carrying DASH drone helicopter; its telescoping hangar and landing pad were positioned amidships aft of the mack. Beginning in the 1970s, the DASH was replaced by a SH-2 Seasprite LAMPS I helicopter and the hangar and landing deck were accordingly enlarged. Most ships also had the 3-inch (76 mm) gun replaced by an eight-cell BPDMS missile launcher in the early 1970s.

## Construction and career

Downes Was featured on Season 1 Episode 4 of Simon and Simon titled "A Recipe for Disaster" Directly after the opening credits - episode aired on 17 Dec 1981.
Downes's keel was laid 5 September 1968 by Todd Pacific Shipyards Corp., Seattle, Washington, and was christened on 13 December 1969 during launching by her sponsor Mrs. Philip L. Kelton, the great-granddaughter of the late Commodore John Downes. The ship was commissioned 28 August 1971
Downes performed Anti-Submarine Warfare operations as a part of Destroyer Squadron 31, escort duty and naval diplomacy support, when necessary, for the Pacific Fleet. During RIMPAC 89, the ship rescued one of two crew members washed overboard due to heavy seas. Decommissioned on 5 June 1992, Downes was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 January 1995.
Downes was disposed during fleet training in 2003 and sunk close to Mare Island during a SINKEX.
# Daniel Turek

Daniel Turek (born 19 January 1993 in Lanškroun) is a Czech cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team ATT Investments.

## Major results
### 2010

    1st Time trial, National Junior Road Championships

### 2012

    3rd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2013

    10th Overall Carpathian Couriers Race

### 2014

    2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
    6th Tour Bohemia
    8th Overall Carpathian Couriers Race
    10th GP Czech Republic

### 2015

    1st Stage 4 Tour d'Azerbaïdjan
    1st Stage 1 Tour de Berlin
    2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2016

    3rd Overall Tour de Hongrie
    5th Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
       1st Mountains classification
    5th Overall Tour de Beauce
    5th Poreč Trophy
    7th GP Kranj
    8th Overall Grand Prix Cycliste de Saguenay

### 2017

    1st Mountains classification, Okolo Slovenska
    4th Gran Premio di Lugano

### 2018

    8th Overall Tour of Taihu Lake
    10th Overall Czech Cycling Tour

### 2019

    1st Mountains classification, Vuelta a Asturias
    8th Overall Tour of Norway
    9th Overall Tour of Taihu Lake

### 2020

    2nd Overall Dookoła Mazowsza
    5th Time trial, National Road Championships
    5th Overall Bałtyk–Karkonosze Tour
    9th Overall Course de Solidarność et des Champions Olympiques

### 2021

    1st Mountains classification Sibiu Cycling Tour
    1st Stage 1 Oberösterreich Rundfahrt
    1st Stage 3 Circuit des Ardennes
    2nd GP Czech Republic
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships
    6th International Rhodes Grand Prix
    7th Overall International Tour of Rhodes
    9th Overall À travers les Hauts-de-France

### 2022

    1st Mountains classification, Tour of Antalya

### 2023

    4th Time trial, National Road Championships
    8th Overall International Tour of Hellas
    9th Overall South Aegean Tour

### 2024

    6th Overall Tour de Bretagne
    10th GP Czech Republic
# Bob Annesley

Bob Annesley (10 July 1919 – 3 February 2003) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during World War II. He spent most of his playing career with Swan Districts in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). Annesley was later captain-coach of local side, Scarborough, where he won six consecutive premierships in the 1960s.
# Frank Cope

Francis Wallace Cope (November 19, 1915 – October 8, 1990) was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants. He attended Santa Clara University. Cope played in 98 games while starting 61 of them. He played in six playoff games for the Giants (1938, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946).
Cope is one of ten players that were named to the National Football League 1930s All-Decade Team that have not been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
# Pinnaroo railway line, Victoria

The Pinnaroo Line serviced the agricultural districts of the Mallee in the Australian states of South Australia and Victoria for the freight of grain, although there were periods of passenger travel on the line in previous years (the last passenger service between Ouyen in Victoria and Pinnaroo in South Australia being in 1968).

## History

The railway line was the means to open up the agricultural lands with the supply of goods and services from rural centres sustaining the remote area. It was completed from Ouyen to Murrayville in 1912 and extended to Pinnaroo in 1915. In 1996 The line stopped at Panitya due to gauge conversion at the state border when the South Australian end was converted to standard gauge. It was booked out of service on 4 October 2007. When the Adelaide to Wolseley line was closed east of Tailem Bend for gauge conversion, the Pinnaroo line became part of the main line between Adelaide and Melbourne for two weeks in April 1995. Journey times increased by 10 to 12 hours.
As part of the Murray Basin Rail Project, the line from Ouyen to Murrayville was upgraded to 19 tonnes axle loading and converted to standard gauge in 2018.
# Edna Arbel

Edna Arbel (Hebrew: עדנה ארבל; born June 22, 1944) is an Israeli lawyer who was a justice on the Supreme Court of Israel from May 2004 to June 2014. She is a native of Jerusalem.

## Legal career

In 1984, Arbel was appointed District Attorney of the Central District. She had previously served as a senior assistant to the District Attorney of the Central District. She served as a member of the Kahan Commission that investigated the Sabra and Shatila massacre. Edna Arbel rule that a willingness to settle a case create a waiver of rights, including a consent to abduction. Judge Arbel was involved in the Ben-Haim case, a custody battle that eventually involved Interpol. A New Jersey judge, Bonnie Mizdol, described Israeli judge Arbel's judgment as ludicrous and "defying common sense." According to all known legal principles, a willingness to settle a case does not amount to a waiver of rights, let alone a consent to abduction. She ruled that henceforth no order of any kind issued by the religious courts of Israel must be enforced.
In 1988, she was appointed as a judge in the Tel Aviv District Court.
In January 1996, she succeeded Dorit Beinisch as State Attorney. She served in this capacity for eight years, until being appointed to the Supreme Court. During her term, the prosecutor's staff grew from about 700 to 1,040 attorneys. In 2002, she drafted prosecution guidelines that exempt women from prosecution for false report when submitting false domestic violence or sexual harassment complaint to the police.
In 2004, Arbel was nominated for the Supreme Court by then Chief Justice Aharon Barak.
# 2012 Kazakhstan Antonov An-72 crash

On 25 December 2012, an Antonov An-72 military transport aircraft operated by the Kazakh Armed Forces crashed about 20 km (12 mi) from the city of Shymkent, Kazakhstan, where the aircraft was preparing to land. All 27 people on board died in the crash.

## History of the flight

The aircraft had been flying from Kazakhstan's capital of Astana to Shymkent, near the border with Uzbekistan, and was carrying seven crew and 20 members of the Kazakh border patrol, including its leader, the acting director of the Kazakhstan Border Guard Service, Colonel Turganbek Stambekov.

## Accident

The accident occurred at about 19:00 local time (1300 UTC) as the aircraft was descending to land. According to local media, the aircraft had been flying at an altitude around 800 m (2,600 ft), when it suddenly crashed to the ground. Emergency crews were dispatched from Shymkent in response. However, the head of the local emergency services department stated, "the plane was destroyed by fire. Only fragments [were] left." Kazakhstan's National Security Committee issued a statement confirming that all 27 people on board had died in the crash, and also said that an investigation into the incident has begun.

## Investigation

The investigation commission found out that failure of the autopilot and radio altimeter combined with poor visibility, and the pilot failing to follow instruction to use the barometric altimeter caused the crash.
# Mengin

Mengin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aurelia Mengin, Reunion film director
* Charles Mengin (1853–1933), French painter
* Christophe Mengin (born 1968), French cyclist
* Ernst Mengin (1893–1973), German Mesoamericanist
* Félix Mengin, French trader, temporary French consul and writer
# Chandra (disambiguation)

Chandra is a Hindu lunar deity.
Chandra may also refer to:

## People

* Ambrish Chandra, Indian-Canadian engineer
* Ashok K. Chandra, Indian computer scientist
* Bhagwat Chandrasekhar, Indian cricketer
* Bipan Chandra, Indian historian
* Lokesh Chandra, Indian Buddhist scholar
* Ranjit Chandra, Indian-Canadian immunologist accused of academic fraud
* Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-American Nobel Prize winning astrophysicist who formulated what was later called the Chandrasekhar limit
* Vikram Chandra (novelist), an Indian author
* Chandra Bahadur Dangi, the world's shortest person
* Chandra Ford, an American public health academic
* Chandra Levy, an American murder victim whose disappearance made national headlines in 2001
* Chandra Pasma, Canadian politician
* Chandra Prakash Gharti, Nepalese politician
* Chandra Shekhar, 8th Prime Minister of India
* Chandra West, Canadian actress
* Chandra Wickramasinghe, British-Sri Lankan astronomer
* Chandra Wilson, American actress
* Chandraprakash Dwivedi, Indian film director and writer
* Satish Chandra, an Indian name

## Astronomy

* Chandra X-ray Observatory, a satellite launched by NASA in 1999, and named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
* 1958 Chandra, an asteroid named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

## History

* Chandravamsha (Lunar dynasty), a mythical Hindu dynasty
* Chandragupta Maurya or Chandra Gupta Maurya, founder of the Indian Mauryan Empire
* Chandragupta I or Chandra Gupta I, king of the ancient Indian Gupta Empire
* Chandragupta II or Chandra Gupta II, king of the ancient Indian Gupta Empire
* Chandradeva, 12th century Gahadavala king of medieval India
* Chandar (Chach Nama), king of Sindh and Buddhist ascetic

## Geography

* Chandra, Comoros, a village
* Chandra, Paschim Medinipur, a village in West Bengal, India
* Chandra Taal, a lake in the Himalayas

## Entertainment

* Chandra (film), 2013 Indian film by Roopa Iyer
* Dr. Sivasubramanian Chandrasegarampillai, Dr. R. Chandra, a character in Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series
* Chandra Nalaar, a character in the card game Magic: The Gathering
* Dr. Chandra Suresh, a character in the American TV drama series Heroes
* "Chandra" (song), from the 2022 Indian Marathi-language film Chandramukhi
* Chandra, a song by a progressive rock band Snovi
* Chandra, a character from the Upside-Down Magic (film)
# Stephen Stigler

Stephen Mack Stigler (born August 10, 1941) is the Ernest DeWitt Burton Distinguished Service Professor at the Department of Statistics of the University of Chicago. He has authored several books on the history of statistics; he is the son of the economist George Stigler.
Stigler is also known for Stigler's law of eponymy which states that no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer – whose first formulation he credits to sociologist Robert K. Merton.

## Biography

Stigler was born in Minneapolis. He received his Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of California, Berkeley. His dissertation was on linear functions of order statistics, and his advisor was Lucien Le Cam. His research has focused on statistical theory of robust estimators and the history of statistics.
Stigler taught at University of Wisconsin–Madison until 1979 when he joined the University of Chicago. In 2006, he was elected to membership of the American Philosophical Society, and is a past president (1994) of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.
His father was the economist George Stigler, who was a close friend of Milton Friedman.
# Potts Hill railway line

The Potts Hill railway line was a short branch line serving the pumping station at the Potts Hill Reservoirs in the Sydney suburb of Potts Hill. It was owned by the Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board and carried passenger trains. After closure, the tracks were lifted.

## Line description

The branch left the Main South line at a junction just north of Regents Park station. It proceeded south, crossing Amy Street, afterwards heading south-east at the end of Regents Park Hotel. After following the water supply channel, it crossed over the Enfield goods lines and terminated at a loop at the Potts Hill pumping station.

## History

The Water Board supported the construction of a railway line for the purposes of supporting its Potts Hill works and to open the area to settlement. The line was completed in July 1912 with funding from the Water Board, and the first passenger service operated by New South Wales Government Railways ran on 11 November 1912. The No 2 Reservoir Construction Line which branched off the Potts Hill line opened in 1916. The Potts Hill line was later reconstructed to eliminate level crossings as part of construction between Regents Park and Cabramatta.
The last train on Potts Hill branch ran in 1965. It closed on 27 April 1966. Rails from Potts Hill were removed to the Sydney Tramway Museum in Loftus.
# Pratibandh

Pratibandh is a 1990 Hindi-language action film directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty and starring Chiranjeevi, Juhi Chawla and Rami Reddy. The film marked the Hindi debut of leading Telugu film star Chiranjeevi. Chawla received a Best Actress nomination at the 36th Filmfare Awards for her performance in the film. The film is a remake of the 1989 Telugu film Ankusam. It was commercially successful.

## Plot

Siddhantha (Chiranjeevi) is an honest police officer who learns that an assassin named "Spot" Nana (Rami Reddy) is assigned to kill his former mentor-turned-CM Satyendra Sharma (J. V. Somayajulu) and thwarts Nana's assassination attempts. Enraged, Nana kills Siddhantha's wife, Shanti (Juhi Chawla), who was a former witness to Nana's crimes. In a last attempt to save Satyendra, Siddhantha finally kills Nana and proves to Satyendra that an assassination attempt was made by lighting the torch (the torch was supposed to be lit by Satyendra), rigged with explosives. Siddhantha dies in the explosion after requesting Satyendra to make the former's son a police officer.

## Cast

* Chiranjeevi as Siddhantha
* Juhi Chawla as Shanti
* Rami Reddy as "Spot" Nana
* Harish Patel as Katkar
* J. V. Somayajulu as CM Satyendra Sharma
* Kulbhushan Kharbanda as Home Minister
* Shafi Inamdar as Corrupt Police Official
* Reema Lagoo as Judge
* Sumalatha as Naseem
* Allu Sirish as Student

## Soundtrack

* "Kabhi Hua Nahi Kabhi Dekha Nahi" - Amit Kumar, Alka Yagnik
* "Pyar Mujhe Tum Karte Ho Itna" - Alka Yagnik, Amit Kumar
* "Baccho Bajao Tali Aayi Khilone Wali" - Alka Yagnik
* "Yeh Badnaseeb Bachcha" - Mohammad Aziz

## Awards

36th Filmfare Awards:
Nominated
* Best Film – Allu Aravind
* Best Director – Ravi Raja Pinisetty
* Best Actor – Chiranjeevi
* Best Actress – Juhi Chawla
* Best Supporting Actor – Rami Reddy
# Kentucky Township, Jefferson County, Kansas

Kentucky Township is a township in Jefferson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,576.

## Geography

Kentucky Township covers an area of 41.56 square miles (107.63 square kilometers); of this, 5.48 square miles (14.18 square kilometers) or 13.17 percent is water. The streams of Delaware River, Little Wild Horse Creek and Slough Creek run through this township.

### Communities

* Perry
* Medina
* Newman
* Thompsonville
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Fairview Township (north)
* Oskaloosa Township (northeast)
* Rural Township (east)
* Lecompton Township, Douglas County (south)
* Kaw Township (west)

### Cemeteries

The township contains three cemeteries: Mount Calvary, Newman and Perry.

### Major highway

* U.S. Route 24
# Petr Lisičan

Petr Lisičan (5 June 1962 – 22 April 2012) was a Czech cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 30 kilometre classical event at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Khouw Tjeng Po

Khouw Tjeng Po, Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen (born in 1838 — died in 1882) was a Chinese-Indonesian magnate and landlord in Batavia, the capital of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).
Khouw was the youngest son of Khouw Tian Sek, Luitenant-titulair der Chinezen (who died in 1843), a Batavia magnate and patriarch of the Khouw family of Tamboen. He was part of the Cabang Atas or the Chinese gentry (baba bangsawan) of colonial Indonesia. He had two elder brothers, Luitenant Khouw Tjeng Tjoan and Luitenant Khouw Tjeng Kee, and two sisters, Khouw Giok Nio and Khouw Kepeng Nio. Khouw, his father and brothers held the rank of Luitenant der Chinezen, awarded to high-ranking Chinese officials of the civil bureaucracy in the Dutch East Indies. The title had been granted on an honorary basis without administrative responsibilities.
Prior to his Chinese lieutenancy, he had the hereditary title of Sia as the son of a Chinese officer. From the mid-nineteenth century until the end of colonial rule, the family was acknowledged as the wealthiest Chinese-Indonesian family in Batavia.
The Luitenant died in 1882. He was married to Gouw Hok Nio. His son, Khouw Yauw Kie, became the first member of their family to serve on the Chinese Council of Batavia; first in 1883 as Luitenant, then in 1887 as a Kapitein der Chinezen. According to Arnold Wright, a younger son - Khouw Oen Hoen - was the head of the family at the start of the twentieth century.