OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tie pin

A tie pin (or tiepin, also known as a stick pin/stickpin) is a neckwear-controlling device, originally worn by wealthy English gentlemen to secure the folds of their cravats.

## History

Tie pins were first popularized at the beginning of the 19th century. Cravats were made of silk, satin, lace and lightly starched cambric, lawn cloth, and muslin. Stickpins were necessary accoutrements to keep these expensive fabrics in place and safe. They commonly used pearls and other precious gemstones set in gold or other precious metals and were designed specifically for their owners.
By the 1860s, the English upper middle classes embraced wearing cravats with a consequently lower quality of materials and designs used in both the neckwear and in the stickpins used to keep it in place. By the 1870s, Americans had embraced stickpins and designs were mass-produced which included animal heads, horse shoes, knife and fork motifs, crossed pipes, wishbones, bugs, flowers, shields and a host of other figural motifs. By the 1890s, stickpins had crossed gender lines as women began wearing them with sporting outfits worn for bicycling, boating, horseback riding, tennis, and golf. The ascot, four-in-hand, sailor scarf, cravat bow tie, and wrapped scarf all became popular for both men and women, and all could be set off with an ornamental stickpin.
The temperance campaigner, Carrie Nation partly financed her "hatchetations" from sales of stick pins in the shape of hatchets. The souvenirs were provided by a Topeka, Kansas, pharmacist. Engraved on the handle of the hatchet, the pin reads, "Death to Rum".
Gold or silver style safety pins were commonly used as tie and collar pins from the beginning of the 20th century. Such a safety pin was used to fasten the tie to the shirt and was an integral part of a man's clothing or school uniform, being especially useful on formal occasions or in windy weather. Alternative ways to control unruly ties are available, although an ordinary safety pin inserted through from behind the shirt can invisibly secure the tie without damaging its surface.
During the 1920s the use of straight ties made of delicate materials such as silk became more fashionable and the use of tie clips gained prominence, replacing the more traditional tie pin.

## Patents

Between 1894 and 1930 many patents were issued covering such issues as prong setting, ornament attachment, stickpin blanks, safety clutches, guards and decorations. One patent was for a brooch which could convert the center medallion to a stickpin. Another concealed a small lead pencil point attached to the shaft of the pin. Still another included a small water reservoir behind the ornamental head of the stick pin in which a flower blossom could be placed. Patent 1,301,568 dated April 22, 1919 was for a luminous stickpin with a star motif disk-like head which held a small drop of radioactive material.
# Lulkowo

Lulkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łysomice, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Toruń. It is located in the Chełmno Land in the historic region of Pomerania.
During the German occupation (World War II), in November 1939, the German Selbstschutz murdered several Poles in the village as part of the Intelligenzaktion.
Polish motorcycle speedway rider Tomasz Chrzanowski was born in Lulkowo.
# Sinking Creek (Washington)

Sinking Creek is a stream in Lincoln County, Washington, in the United States.
Sinking Creek was named for the fact it is a losing stream on its downstream portion.
# Pup Creek

Pup Creek is a stream in Daviess County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Ohio River.
Pup Creek was so named from an incident when pioneers drowned puppies in this stream.
# The Invisible Life

The Invisible Life (Portuguese: A Vida Invisível) is a Portuguese feature-length drama film directed by Vítor Gonçalves and produced by the Portuguese production company Rosa Filmes.
The film's world premiere was at the international competition of the 2013 Rome Film Festival.

## Plot

The film follows the interior life of Hugo, a middle-aged public servant who lives by night at his workplace, the palace of Terreiro do Paço in Lisbon from where centuries before the Portuguese Empire was governed, nowadays ministries of the Portuguese government. Obsessed with the 8mm footage he discovered at the belongings of António, his recently deceased superior, Hugo recalls the day António told him he was dying. These memories unexpectedly bring back others, including remembrances of the last time Hugo saw Adriana, the last woman he loved, who is nowadays living in another country.

## Cast

* Filipe Duarte as Hugo
* Maria João Pinho as Adriana
* João Perry as António
* Pedro Lamares as Sandro
* Susana Arrais as the nurse

## Production

The film marks Vítor Gonçalves return to feature filmmaking after a hiatus of more than twenty years following his acclaimed debut with the cult-film A Girl In Summer.

## Reception

The Guardian's Andrew Pulver awarded the film four stars, describing it as "rigorous, elegant study of emotional crisis." Sukhdev Sandhu, writing in Sight & Sound, said the film "asks raw, unsettling questions of us all."
CinEuphoria Awards 2015 gave seven awards to the production for Best Actor: Filipe Duarte, Best Film (National Competition), Best Script, Best Supporting Actor: João Perry, Best Original Music: Sinan C. Savaskan, Best Trailer, and Top Ten of the Year https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0002264/2015/1/
# Trematosauroidea

Trematosauroidea are an important group of Triassic temnospondyl amphibians. They flourished briefly during the Early Triassic, occurring worldwide before declining at the start of the Middle Triassic, although the group continued until the Late Triassic. They were medium-sized temnospondyls with wedge-shaped tails, narrow skulls, and, in advanced forms, elongated snouts. The latter feature was probably an adaptation for feeding on fish. The largest and most specialized family, the Trematosauridae, are the only batrachomorphs to have adapted to a marine lifestyle with the exception of the modern crab-eating frog.
A temnospondyl ilium was described in 2004 from the Callovian Toutunhe Formation in the Junggar Basin of China. Although the isolated bone was impossible to identify on the species level, it was referred to Trematosauroidea. The presence of this bone in the Toutunhe Formation extends the range of trematosauroids into the Middle Jurassic, making it one of only three groups of temnospondyls that survived the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event (the other two being the Brachyopoidea and possibly the Capitosauria).

## Classification

Below is a cladogram modified from Schoch (2011):
# Iowa's 49th Senate district

The 49th District of the Iowa Senate is located in eastern Iowa, and is currently composed of part of Scott County.

## Current elected officials

Cindy Winckler is the senator currently representing the 49th District.
The area of the 49th District contains two Iowa House of Representatives districts:
* The 97th District (represented by Norlin Mommsen)
* The 98th District (represented by Mary Wolfe)
The district is also located in Iowa's 2nd congressional district, which is represented by Mariannette Miller-Meeks.

## Past senators

The district has previously been represented by:
* Jack Hester, 1983–1992
* Tom Vilsack, 1993–1998
* Mark Shearer, 1999–2002
* Hubert Houser, 2003–2012
* Rita Hart, 2013–2018
* Chris Cournoyer, 2019–2023
* Cindy Winckler, 2023–present
# Lutobórz

Lutobórz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Choceń, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Choceń, 21 km (13 mi) south of Włocławek, and 71 km (44 mi) south-east of Toruń.
# George Wittet

George Wittet (1878–1926) was a Scottish architect who worked mostly in Mumbai, India.

## Biography

George Wittet was born in Blair Atholl, Scotland in 1878. He studied architecture with a Mr. Heiton of Perth, Scotland, and worked in Edinburgh and York before moving to India.
Wittet arrived in India in 1904 and became an assistant to John Begg, then Consulting Architect to Mumbai. The two men played a large part in the development and popularization of Indo-Saracenic architecture, based on careful study of Indian models.
On 12 May 1917, Wittet, by then Consulting Architect to the Government of Mumbai, was unanimously elected as the first President of The Indian Institute of Architects.
Wittet designed some of Mumbai's best known landmarks: the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Saghralaya, the Gateway of India, the Institute of Science, the Small Causes Court at Dhobitalao, the Wadia Maternity Hospital, Bombay House, the King Edward Memorial Hospital, the Grand Hotel and other buildings at the Ballard Estate, by the Mumbai Docks.
In Karachi, he designed the Karachi Port Trust (KPT) building.
He died of acute dysentery in Mumbai in 1926, and is buried in the Sewri cemetery.
# Omnibus (talk show)

Omnibus is an Italian breakfast television news and talk show, broadcast on La7 since 1998.
# Mohammadabad Rural District

Mohammadabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان محمدآباد) may refer to several administrative divisions of Iran:
* Mohammadabad Rural District (Karaj County), Alborz province
* Mohammadabad Rural District (Marvdasht County), Fars province
* Mohammadabad Rural District (Anbarabad County), Kerman province
* Mohammadabad Rural District (Zarand County), Kerman province
* Mohammadabad Rural District (Hamun County), Sistan and Baluchestan province
* Mohammadabad Rural District (Yazd County), Yazd province
# Eliotiana

Eliotiana is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.
# Samantha Vithanage

Ovitigala Vithanage Samantha aka Samantha Vithanage (died 2002) was a third year Management student of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, who pioneered an anti-ragging campaign, and was killed on 7 November 2002 while in a discussion to stop the brutal practice of ragging in the faculty. His death was a landmark incident in the anti-ragging movement of Sri Lankan universities which provoked many students and academic staff of universities to act against ragging.
On 7 November 2002, the anti-ragging campaigners sat down for a discussion with the pro-rag JVP controlled student council - General Students Union of University of Sri Jayawardanepura (Progressive Front), who defended the practice. The meeting took place at the premises of Department of Marketing Management. Midway through the discussion, a mob of around 200 JVP supporters armed with clubs and stones stormed into the room and viciously attacked Vithanage and others in the anti-ragging camp. The attackers stabbed their victims with shards of glass and Vithanage who was struck, fell to the floor. Vithanage was seriously injured. Pro-ragging students also blocked the vehicle carrying the injured to the hospital, delaying proper medical treatment. Two days later Samantha Vithanage died.
The University Lecturers Association of the Sri Jayawardanapura University (SJU) denouncing the killing of Samantha had stated "This inhumane student slaughter is the most brutal killing and the worst black mark in the history of the SJU." Vikramabahu Karunaratne accused Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna - a Marxist-Leninist, political party for the murder. General Students Union of University of Sri Jayawardanepura is a member of the Inter University Students' Federation, a students' union affiliated to SFP.
Later, Samantha Vithagane fund was created in memory of the slain student Samantha Vithanage. Although the death of 22-year-old Vithanage subdued the rag at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura for a while, it has not totally eradicated the practice. After 20 years, in 2022, 7 out of the initially accused 22 individuals were sentenced to prison and fines.
# Sihe station

Sihe (Chinese: 四河) is a station on Line 1 of the Chengdu Metro in China.

## Station layout

| G | Entrances and Exits | Exits A-D |
| B1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 1 towards Weijianian (Huafu Avenue) |
| Island platform, doors open on the left/right ||
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 1 towards Weijianian (Huafu Avenue) |
| B2 | Southbound | → Line 1 towards Wugensong (Guangdu) → |
| Island platform, doors open on the left/right ||
| B2 | Southbound | → Line 1 towards Science City (Huayang) → |

## Gallery

* Entrance D
* Concourse
* Platform
# Ruth Darwin

Ruth Frances Darwin CBE (20 August 1883 – 15 October 1972) was Commissioner of the Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency and an advocate of eugenics.

## Career

Darwin was appointed to the Board of Control, as an unpaid member, in 1921, replacing Ellen Pinsent. She retired from the Board of Control in 1949.
In 1929, with money from the estate of her father who had died in 1928, she founded the Darwin Trust to foster research into "mental defect, disease or disorder".
In 1932 she was appointed to the Brock Committee (a Parliamentary committee chaired by Sir Laurence Brock) that produced the Brock Report that called for the forced sterilisation of "mental defectives".
She was appointed a CBE in 1938.

## Family connections

Darwin was the middle child and elder daughter of Sir Horace Darwin, through whom she was a granddaughter of the naturalist Charles Darwin (she was born a year after Charles's death in 1882). Her mother, The Hon. Ida Farrer (1854–1946), was the daughter of Thomas Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer. Her younger sister Nora, later became Lady Barlow after marrying Sir Alan Barlow, 2nd Baronet, while her elder brother Erasmus was killed during the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915.
In 1948, she married the Welsh psychiatrist William Rees-Thomas, who was a colleague of hers on the Board of Control. She died in 1972, predeceasing her husband.
# Magnus Grävare

Magnus Bengt Johan Grävare (born 13 June 1961) is a Swedish sailor who represented his country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States as helmsman in the Soling, finishing tenth.

## Biography

Born in Västra Frölunda in Gothenburg, Grävare started his sailing career in Sunneskärs BS. During his Olympic campaigning, he represented the Royal Gothenburg Yacht Club and was chosen to represent Sweden at the 1984 Summer Olympics together with his brother Martin. Grävare and his team was chosen over the team of Jörgen Sundelin, however the qualification process led to controversy as it was decided in the jury room after Sundelin had protested Grävare for how they sailed the course of the qualifying event. The Grävare brothers, together with third crew member Eric Wallin, took the tenth place at the Soling event.
In 1994, Grävare won the IYRU World Championship in J/24. Later, Grävare was involved in the Victory Challenge project and won the 2004 J/80 World Championship. In 2004, Grävare took over as a national team coach for the Swedish Sailing Federation after Björn Johansson.
# South Fork Malheur River

The South Fork Malheur River is a tributary of the Malheur River in a sparsely populated part of the U.S. state of Oregon. Arising southeast of the unincorporated community of New Princeton and slightly north of Oregon Route 78, it flows generally northeast to meet the Malheur near the unincorporated community of Riverside in Malheur County. The South Fork enters the larger river 96 miles (154 km) by water from its confluence with the Snake River.

## Tributaries

Named tributaries of the South Fork from source to mouth are Camp, Indian, Deadman, Pole, Crane, and Swamp creeks. Then Coleman, Coyote, Cobb, Visher, Buck, McEwen, Hot Springs, and Granite creeks.
# Pymatuning Creek

Pymatuning Creek is a 36.22 mi (58.29 km) long tributary to Shenango River Lake that rises in Ashtabula County, Ohio and flows south into Shenango Lake in Mercer County, Pennsylvania. Pymatuning Creek forms most of the western side of Shenango Lake. Pymatuning Creek has been designated as a Wild & Scenic River in Ohio.
# Cnemaspis punctatonuchalis

Cnemaspis punctatonuchalis, also known as the spotted-neck rock gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to central Thailand.
# Zbigniew Juszczak

Zbigniew Juszczak (born 24 October 1975, in Żnin) is a Polish former field hockey player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Maliszewo

Maliszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipno, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# People's Square station (Hangzhou Metro)

People's Square (Chinese: 人民广场) is a metro station on Line 2 and Line 5 in China. It is located in the Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou. The initial name of the station was People Square and it was changed to People's Square in 2015. The station of Line 2 was opened on 24 November 2014, and become a transfer station since the opening of Line 5 on 23 April 2020. The station has 9 entrances.
# List of Nigerian films of 2002

This is a list of Nigerian films released in 2002.

## Films

| Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| 2002 ||||||
| Aki na Ukwa | Amayo Uzo Philips | Osita Iheme Chinedu Ikedieze Amaechi Muonagor Frances Nsonwu Ikoroha | Comedy | First Aki and Pawpaw collaboration |
| Formidable Force | Teco Benson | Hanks Anuku Ernest Asuzu George Davidson Genevieve Nnaji | Action Thriller | Shot in English Language Released on VCD by Reemmy Jes |
| Okada Man | Tchidi Chikere | Nkem Owoh Patience Ozokwor Pete Eneh David Ihesie | Drama | Shot in English Language and Pidgin Released on VCD by Sunny Collins/Great Movies |
| The Last Vote | Andy Amenechi | Sam Dede Olu Jacobs Acho Ugenyi Sandra Achums | | Released on VHS |
# Jacob Conde

Jacob Rafael Conde (born October 13, 1992) is a former Puerto Rican football player. He played in England, Spain and Croatia, as well as his native United States.

## Career statistics
### Club

| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Marbella United | 2015–16 | Tercera Andaluza Málaga | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |

#### Notes
### International

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Puerto Rico | 2016 | 3 | 0 |
| Puerto Rico | 2017 | 0 | 0 |
| Puerto Rico | 2018 | 0 | 0 |
| Puerto Rico | 2019 | 4 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 7 | 0 |
# Huayang station

Huayang (Chinese: 华阳) is a station on Line 1 of the Chengdu Metro in China.

## Station layout

| G | Entrances and Exits | Exits A-C |
| B1 | Concourse | Faregates, Station Agent |
| B2 | Northbound | ← Line 1 towards Weijianian (Sihe) |
| Island platform, doors open on the left ||
| B2 | Southbound | → Line 1 towards Science City (Haichang Road) → |

## Gallery

* Entrance C2
* Concourse
* Platform
# William B. Jacko

William B. Jacko was a state legislator in Arkansas. He served two terms in the Arkansas House of Representatives beginning in 1885.
He, Ed Glover, and S. H. Scott represented Jefferson County, Arkansas. He was re-elected to the 1887 term and served with Ed Jefferson and H. B. Burton.
In a composite photograph of legislators he is documented as a native of Arkansas, a teacher, Republican, Methodist, and from Jefferson Springs.
# Marcelewo

Marcelewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrcz, within Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Dobrcz and 18 km (11 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.
# Noctepuna cerea

Noctepuna cerea is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Australia.

## Description

Charles Hedley's original description of this species (based solely on the shell) is as follows:
   Shell thin, translucent; contour trochoidal, color waxen white becoming yellowish on the 3rd and 4th whorls, encircled below the suture by an opaque white thread, nowhere are translucent lines or spaces visible. Sculpture: surface of a waxen polish; transverse growth lines can be detected by the unaided eye, and spiral grooves, almost effaced above but plainer on the base, may be deciphered with a lens. Whorls, flattened, regularly increasing, the last constituting five-eighths of the shell's height, angled at the periphery, descending considerably and abruptly at the aperture, gibbous at the point of flexure. Suture impressed. Aperture very oblique, anterior margin waved; columella oblique, wide, extending nearly to the angle of the aperture, subtruncate below. A thin, translucent, shining callus extends over the imperforate axis to the insertion of the anterior margin of the lip.
   Height 13.5, major, diam. 16, min. diam. 14 mm.
   Hab. Bloomfield River, North Queensland.
# Skitter Creek

Skitter Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
Skitter Creek derives its name from the word "skeet" on account of its slippery river bed.
# Shin Hea-sook

Shin Hea-sook (born 29 November 1957) is a former competitive South Korean figure skater. She is a two-time South Korean National champion (1979, 1980) and competed in the ladies' singles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics.

## Career

Due to the lack of figure skating rinks in South Korea at the time, Shin primarily lived and trained in Japan during her competitive figure skating career. She began coaching in 1984 following her retirement and now coaches in Seoul.
Her current and former students include:
* Kim Se-yol
* Byun Sung-jin
* Chi Hyun-jung
* Choi Da-bin
* Choi Hyung-kyung
* Park Bit-na
* Park Bun-seon
* Lee Dong-won
* Kim Ye-lim
* Shin Yea-ji
* Choi Ji-eun
* Kim Na-young
* Yuna Kim
* Lee Ho-jung
* Kim Hae-jin
* Kwak Min-jeong
* Lee June-hyoung
* Kim Jin-seo
* Cha Jun-hwan
* You Young
* Lee Hae-in
* Kyeong Jae-seok
* Kim Min-chae
* You Young

## Competitive highlights

International :
| Event | 1977–78 | 1978–79 | 1979–80 |
| Olympics | | | 20th |
| World Championships | | 30th | 28th |
| NHK Trophy | | 15th | |
| National ||||
| South Korean Champ. | 2nd | 1st | 1st |