# Sumaila

Sumaila is a historic town and the headquarters of a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria.

## History

Sumaila was established as a Jobawa (Jobe- Fulani) 'Sansani' or Settlement in the 1740s. Located within the fertile plains of south eastern Kano, it provided the clan an easy migratory pathway to the grazing grounds of the savannah of eastern Hausa land. Originally called 'Garun- Sam'ila' after one of its first settlers, it attracted little attention during the time of the Sultanate.
The sharp rise of Jobe influence in eastern Kano in the late 18th century saw the construction of a stockade and a partial fort around the town in the 1750s, prominent people from Sumaila related to the Jobawa/ Jobe clan include Sarkin Sumaila and Alhaji Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila.
Sumaila rose to prominence in the time of the Caliphate when it became the site of an epic battle that halted the advance of the Bornoan cavalry when El-Kanemi encroached into the Sokoto Caliphate.
When during the reign of Emir Abdullahi Maje-Karofi, the Ningi rebellion broke out, a Ribat was constructed around the town and a permanent fulani force was stationed there to protect the southern borders of the Emirate. During the Kano civil war or Basasa, Sumaila was a major hub for pan-Yusuf forces because of its close proximity to Takai; the capital of the Yusufawa.

## Colonial period

Serving as a frontier fortress, the British pacification campaigns greatly affected Sumaila. In 1903, the entire Fulani military contingent of the fort under Dan-Sumaila Garba- Maje Gabas was lost in the Kano- Sokoto expedition. The Last Caliph of Sokoto, Sultan Attahiru passed through the outskirts of the town attracting there from a large followership in his pilgrimage to Burmi after the fall of the Caliphate.
The fall of the Emirate witnessed a sharp decline in commerce in eastern Kano and in the 1910s. A provincial reorganization removed administration of the district's affairs to Wudil and Sumaila was relegated to sub-borough status.
In 1923, the discovery of gold reserves by a British mining expedition led to another provincial reorganization that restored District Status. Political crisis however within the province's administration and fears of the pre-federal Nigerian government then being administered from Lagos and managed by non-Northerners scuttled the mining efforts.

## Post-colonial period

In 1967, the collapse of the Government of Northern Nigeria again ended the administrative independence of Sumaila, this was not to be restored until the Second Nigerian Republic when a Sumailan, Abubakar Rimi was elected Governor of Kano under the People's Redemption Party. In 1983, the collapse of the PRP government saw another momentary transference of administration to Wudil.

## Subdivisions

Its subdivisions are
* Gala
* Gani
* Garfa
* Gediya
* Kanawa
* Magami
* Masu
* Rimi
* Rumo
* Sitti
* Sumaila

## Notable Sumailans

* Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi, politician and former governor of Kano. First Executive Governor of Kano State.
* Kawu Sumaila, politician and former House of Representatives member.
* Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila, politician and public servant. The first University Graduate from Sumaila Ward, First University Lecturer from the Local Government, Former Secretary of the Kano State Executive Council and first person from Sumaila Local Government to be a member of the Kano State Executive Council, First Permanent Secretary from the Local Government, First State Secretary of a Political Party from the Local Government, First Chairman of a Board at State and Federal Government levels from Sumaila.
* Madaki Dalhatu Iliyasu, the first Commissioner from the Local Government and second person to be a member of the Kano State Executive Council.
* Ahmed Abdullahi Sumaila, the first Central Banker from the Local Government.
* Mohammed Iro Ma'aji, the first to earn a First Class Honours University Degree from the Local Government.
* Aliyu Abdullahi Sumaila, the first Chief Executive Officer/ Managing Director of a Bank from the Local Government, the first Chief Executive Officer/ Managing Director of a Health Maintenance Organization from the Local Government.
* Prof. Sadisu Muhammad Maaji, Professor of Radiology.
* Prof. Garba Iliyasu,Professor of internal medicine
* Major General Sani Ibrahim Sumaila, General in the Nigerian Army.
* Captain Muhammad Mahi Sunusi, Commercial Pilot
* Comrade Nura Iro Ma'aji, second person from the Local Government to be appointed as a Commissioner in Kano State and third person from the Local Government to become a member of the Kano State Executive Council.

## Religion

The two main religions practice in sumaila are Islam and Christianity.

## Prominent clans

* Jobawa
* Muallimawa
* Madinawa

## Title Holders of the District Head

The members of the District Head Council are the following:
* Waziri Alhaji Aliyu Abdullahi Sumaila
* Galadima Alhaji Hamisu Abba Sumaila
* Madaki Dr Aminu Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila
* Wambai Barrister Ahmed Abdullahi Sumaila
* Makama Alhaji Matugwai
* Barde Alhaji Zubairu Hamza Massu
* Sarkin Dawakin Tsakar Gida Alhaji Bashir Iliyasu Utai
* Turaki Senator Suleiman Abdurrahman Kawu Sumaila
* Tafida Dr Yusuf Abdullahi Sumaila
* Dan Buran Alhaji Lawan Abdurrahman, Mai unguwar Sumaila Gabas
* Dan Darman Alhaji Abdullahi Ahmed Sumaila, Mai unguwar Zango Tsakwai Tsakiya Sumaila
* Matawalle Alhaji Kabiru Magami, Dagacin Dando
* Marafa Alhaji Suraja Dansumaila Muhammad Nura
* Dallatu Alhaji Abdulhamid Idris Danhaido
* Sarkin Yaki Alhaji Suraja Idris Kanawa
* San Turaki Alhaji Ibrahim Hamisu Rimi
* Talba Alhaji Abubakar Sani Dan Abba
* Garkuwa Garba Adamu Sumaila
* Magayaki Alhaji Isa Muhammad
* Liman Alhaji Tukur Abubakar
* Ma'aji Alhaji Mainasibi
* Magatakarda Abubakar Sulaiman

## Economy

Large amounts of rice, beans, millet, and groundnuts are farmed in Sumaila Local Government Area, which has a significant farming history. Sumaila Local Government Area is a hub of trade, with multiple markets like the Gomo market where a wide range of goods are bought and sold. Animal husbandry, leather manufacturing, and textile weaving are some of the other significant economic activities in Sumaila Local Government Area.

## Geography

Sumaila Local Government Area has an average temperature of 32 degrees Celsius with a total area of 1,250 square kilometers. With an average wind speed of 9 km/h, the Local Government Area has two different seasons: the dry season and the rainy season.

## Climate

Sumaila, which is 0 feet (0 meters) above sea level, is in a subtropical steppe climatic zone (classification: BSh). The area averages a yearly temperature of 31.56 oC (88.81 oF), which is 2.1% higher than the national average for Nigeria. Sumaila generally experiences 64.66 rainy days year, or about 1.72% of the total 51.12 millimeters (2.01 inches) of precipitation that falls there.

## Naqib Al Ashraf of Sumaila (Sarkin Sharifan Sumaila)

Naqib al-ashraf (Arabic: نقيب الأشراف) (plural: nuqaba or niqabat) was a governmental post in various Muslim empires denoting the head or supervisor of the descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The descendants of Muhammad were known as ashraf and throughout Islamic history, the ashraf organized themselves into large groups, akin to corporations, throughout the various Muslim territories. This was done to ensure their special place in Muslim society and thus maintain their socio-political privileges.
The office dated back at least to the Mamluk era and was maintained by the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman era, there was an imperial naqib al-ashraf who appointed subordinate provincial nuqaba al-ashraf. The appointments were renewed or changed on an annual basis. The official role of the imperial naqib al-ashraf was to keep updated lists of the ashraf and to distribute to the provincial nuqaba al-ashraf the goods and funds that they required to administer the affairs of the ashraf under their respective jurisdictions. Ashraf in the Ottoman Empire were accorded special privileges, including personal inviolability, certain tax exemptions and immunity from regular prosecution. In the event of a legal complaint against a member of the ashraf, the naqib al-ashraf would prosecute and judge the alleged offender.
The imperial naqib al-ashraf was typically a member of the ashraf based in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul. The naqib al-ashraf played a significant role in the sultanic court ceremonials in Istanbul.
In Sumaila, the Madinawa clan are serving in the post, they are Islamic Leaders that claimed to be a clan of Sharifian descent and traced their lineage to the family of Muhammad through his grandson Hassan ibn Ali. They are related to the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco and are said to have migrated to the Sultanate of Kano in Nigeria due to conflicts and wars within the Moroccan monarchy after the death of Ismail ibn Sharif. The claim of being descendants of Muhammad enabled them to be regarded as a kind of nobility, with them becoming privileged in the chieftaincy system of the Kano Emirate. They were additionally believed to possess baraka, in Kano Emirate, they are referred to as Awliya Madinawa Malamai by some people, in reference to the city of Medina where they claimed to have originated from, situated in Western Saudi Arabia. Most of their ancestors were Islamic saints, the Muallimawa family Dynasty a branch of the Madinawa clan holds the position of Naqib al- ashraf in Sumaila. The Sarkin Sharifan Sumaila is Ahmed Abdullahi Aliyu Sumaila who is from the Madinawa Clan paternally through his paternal great-grandfather Limamin Kadawa Malam Abdurrahim Ibrahim Sheeth Ghali.