OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexandre Lazarian

Alexandre Lazarian is an astrophysicist. He is a professor of astronomy at the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a joint appointment at the Department of Physics. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society.

## Career

Lazarian obtained his Diploma in the theoretical physics group led by Vitaly Ginzburg. He received his PhD in 1994 from University of Cambridge under supervision of Martin Rees. After his PhD, Lazarian spent three years as a postdoc in Princeton University and one year as Research Associate at Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics. Since 1998, he has been working as a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research involves MHD Theory, Magnetic Reconnection, Dynamo Theory and Interstellar Dust.

## Selected publications

* Lazrian, A; Vishniac, E. (1999-06-01). "Reconnection in a Weakly Stochastic Field". The Astrophysical Journal. 517 (1): 700. arXiv:astro-ph/9811037. Bibcode:1999ApJ...517..700L. doi:10.1086/307233. ISSN 0004-637X.
* Draine, B.T.; Lazarian, A. (1999-06-01). "Electric Dipole Radiation from Spinning Dust Grains". The Astrophysical Journal. 508 (1): 157. arXiv:astro-ph/9802239. Bibcode:1998ApJ...508..157D. doi:10.1086/306387. ISSN 0004-637X.
* Lazrian, A; Hoang, Thiem (2007-06-06). "Radiative torques: analytical model and basic properties". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 378 (3): 910. arXiv:0707.0886. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.378..910L. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11817.x. ISSN 0004-637X.

## Awards

* 2021 Ronald C. Davidson Award for Plasma Physics
* 2012 Fellow of American Physical Society, American Physical Society (2012)
* 2010 Humbold Research Award, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
# Wild Goose Creek (Utah)

Wild Goose Creek, originally known as Cedar Creek to the early travelers on the Mormon Road, is a stream, in Millard County, Utah, United States. Its mouth is located at Holden at an elevation of 5,125 feet (1,562 meters). Its source is at the head of Wild Goose Canyon, at elevation of 8,720 feet at 39°06′45″N 112°07′13″W﻿ / ﻿39.11250°N 112.12028°W﻿ / 39.11250; -112.12028 in the Pahvant Range.
# Wildcat Creek (Minnesota)

Wildcat Creek is a stream in Houston County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Wildcat Creek was named for the cougars once frequent in the area.
# Wildcat Creek (Munkers Creek tributary)

Wildcat Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is a tributary to Munkers Creek.
Wildcat Creek was named for the wildcats which once were abounded in the area.
# Zheng Bingqing

Lieutenant General Zheng Bingqing (November 1937 - June 13, 2024, Chinese: 郑炳清), a native of Putian County (now Putian City), Fujian, served as a member of the People's Liberation Army.

## Biography

He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 1953 and subsequently joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1956. He held various positions, including deputy minister and section chief of the Operations Department of the Fuzhou Military Region Command, deputy chief of staff of the Nanjing Military Region, and commander of the Jiangsu Military District. He was promoted to the position of lieutenant general in 1997 after being granted the rank of major general in 1988.
Zheng Bingqing was also a member of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a delegate to the 8th and 9th National People's Congresses.
He died in Nanjing on June 13, 2024, at the age of 87.
# Wildhorse Creek (Texas)

Wildhorse Creek in Howard County, Texas is a tributary of Morgan Creek. It flows near Wildhorse Mountain.
# The Computer Connection

The Computer Connection is a science fiction novel by American writer Alfred Bester. Originally published as a serial in Analog Science Fiction (November and December 1974, and January 1975, under the title The Indian Giver), it appeared in book form in 1975. Some editions give it the title Extro. The novel was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1975 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1976.

## Plot introduction

In the future, “The Group”, a band of immortals (who call each other by nicknames based on famous historical characters) exists in secret, pursing their individual interests. Ned Curzon (nicknamed Grand Guignol) is one of them, who attempts to give immortality to worthy people. He murders them in horrific ways, since immortality comes from being certain you are going to die before being saved at the last moment.
Through their extensive social network, they come across a brilliant Cherokee physicist named Sequoya Guess, who Curzon plots to recruit via murder. Before this plan can be implemented, Guess suffers a disabling mental trauma, and the effort of the immortals to cure this trauma makes him immortal by accident. This also gives him a mental link to the Extro “stretch” computer.
Working outside of expected behavior, Extro seizes control of Dr. Guess, leaving the only people who know what is going on—the Group and Guess's nearest friends—to grapple with the heart and mind of a malevolent machine in the body of an Immortal, a powerful and ingenious man who cannot be killed.

## Reception

New York Times reviewer Gerald Jonas reported that Bester tried, but failed, "to make arbitrariness a virtue" in The Computer Connection, concluding that the novel "cannot possibly be as much fun" for the reader as it was for the writer. Arthur D. Hlavaty, a former editor of The New York Review of Science Fiction, wrote that the book gave "an unintentional example of his own theme of the unrecoverability of the past. His long-awaited novel, variously called The Indian Giver, Extro, and The Computer Connection, was a major disappointment—a confused farrago of old ideas and gimmicks." Patrick A. McCarthy, in a review of Carolyn Wendell's 1982 Alfred Bester, wrote that her coverage of The Computer Connection is "very brief but quite accurate in calling attention to this novel's many shortcomings."
# Christoph Meschenmoser

Christoph Meschenmoser (born 29 July 1983 in Duisburg) is a German cyclist.

## Palmares
### 2001

    1st Junior World Pursuit Champion
    1st Junior National Time Trial Championships

### 2002

    2nd European U23 Madison Championships

### 2005

    2nd Neuseen Classics
    3rd Overall Mainfranken-Tour

### 2008

    3rd Overall Tour de Korea
# Mwangangi

Mwangangi is a surname of Kenyan origin that may refer to:
* Caleb Mwangangi Ndiku (born 1992), Kenyan middle-distance runner and 2012 African champion
* Jimmy Mwangangi Muindi (born 1973), Kenyan marathon runner and six-time winner of the Honolulu Marathon
* John Nzau Mwangangi (born 1990), Kenyan long-distance runner and 2011 African cross country champion
* Jonathan Mwangangi Mueke (born 1976), Kenyan politician
(Born 1996), kenyan travelers dancer
# Temperature gradient

A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature spatial gradient is a vector quantity with dimension of temperature difference per unit length. The SI unit is kelvin per meter (K/m).
Temperature gradients in the atmosphere are important in the atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields).

## Mathematical description

Assuming that the temperature T is an intensive quantity, i.e., a single-valued, continuous and differentiable function of three-dimensional space (often called a scalar field), i.e., that
    $T=T(x,y,z)$
where x, y and z are the coordinates of the location of interest, then the temperature gradient is the vector quantity defined as
    $\nabla T={\begin{pmatrix}{\frac {\partial T}{\partial x}},{\frac {\partial T}{\partial y}},{\frac {\partial T}{\partial z}}\end{pmatrix}}$

## Physical processes
### Meteorology

Differences in air temperature between different locations are critical in weather forecasting and climate. The absorption of solar light at or near the planetary surface increases the temperature gradient and may result in convection (a major process of cloud formation, often associated with precipitation). Meteorological fronts are regions where the horizontal temperature gradient may reach relatively high values, as these are boundaries between air masses with rather distinct properties.
Clearly, the temperature gradient may change substantially in time, as a result of diurnal or seasonal heating and cooling for instance. This most likely happens during an inversion. For instance, during the day the temperature at ground level may be cold while it's warmer up in the atmosphere. As the day shifts over to night the temperature might drop rapidly while at other places on the land stay warmer or cooler at the same elevation. This happens on the West Coast of the United States sometimes due to geography.

### Weathering

Expansion and contraction of rock, caused by temperature changes during a wildfire, through thermal stress weathering, may result in thermal shock and subsequent structure failure.
# Lymm Urban District

Lymm Urban District is a former Urban District in Cheshire, based in the village of Lymm. It was created in 1894 and abolished in 1974 when it was incorporated into the Borough of Warrington. The area is now covered by a successor parish council.
# Latocamurus

Latocamurus is an extinct monospecific genus of flat-nosed arthrodire placoderm from the Early Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian period, found at the Gogo Formation of Kimberley, Western Australia.

## Phylogeny

Camuropiscis is a member of the family Camuropiscidae under the superfamily Incisoscutoidea, which belongs to the clade Coccosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny of Camuropiscis:
# Newton Brook (West Kill tributary)

Newton Brook converges with West Kill near West Kill, New York.
# Reiman Bridge

The Reiman Pedestrian Bridge is a cable-stayed footbridge in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin that spans Lincoln Memorial Drive. It connects the Milwaukee Art Museum on the lakeshore to the east side of the downtown's central business district by way of O'Donnell Park, a multi-use park complex. The bridge was built in 2001 as part of a major expansion to the museum that included the Quadracci Pavilion. Both the bridge and Quadracci Pavilion were designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, the first structures designed by him in the United States.
# Ninemile Creek (Belle Fourche River tributary)

Ninemile Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is a tributary of Belle Fourche River.
Ninemile Creek was named for its distance, 9 miles (14 km) from Empire.
# Nobob Creek

Nobob Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
Nobob Creek was named after an incident when the pioneer Robert Todd went missing near this stream. When inquiring whether he had been found, the answer was always "No Bob".
# North Branch Basket Creek

North Branch Basket Creek is a river in Delaware County and Sullivan County in New York. It flows into Basket Creek northeast of Basket.
# North Branch Little Black Creek

North Branch Little Black Creek drains North Branch Lake and flows west passing to the south of Forty Mountain before flowing into Little Black Creek in Wheelertown, New York.
# North Branch Slippery Rock Creek

North Branch Slippery Rock Creek is a main tributary of Slippery Rock Creek in western Pennsylvania. The stream rises in southeastern Venango County and flows south-southwest entering Slippery Rock Creek near Atwells Crossing. The watershed is roughly 33% agricultural, 59% forested and the rest is other uses.
# Kampong Pintu Malim

Kampong Pintu Malim (Malay: Kampung Pintu Malim) or simply Pintu Malim, is a village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. It is also a neighbourhood in the country's capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 319 persons in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Kota Batu. The postcode is BD1317.

## Infrastructure

Pintu Malim Primary School is the village's government primary school. It also shares grounds with Pintu Malim Religious School, the village's government school for the country's Islamic religious primary education.
The village mosque is Kampong Pintu Malim Mosque; the construction began in 1995 and completed in 1997. It can accommodate 1,000 worshippers.
Pulau Ambok (Monkey Island), located in the former Kampong Petagian near the Pintu Malim Mosque and the Haji Abdul Latif Timber Mill, is historically significant for several events. It served as a stronghold where Pengiran Bendahara Sakam trained Brunei warriors for the battle against the Spanish forces during the 1578–1579 Castilian War. Additionally, it was the site of a civil war between Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin and Bendahara Pengiran Muhyiddin. During this conflict, the island was used as a defensive fort for Muhyiddin as he awaited an attack from Mubin's forces from Kuala Sungai Brunei.

## Notable people

* Marsal Maun (1913–2000), politician and teacher
# Shaqir Vukaj

Shaqir Vukaj (born 20 August 1942) is an Albanian politician who served as Minister of Defence from 11 March 1997 until 25 July 1997, during the Albanian Unrest of 1997. He replaced Safet Zhulali, who fled to Italy with his family days after resigning.
His short tenure as Defence Minister was not without conflict. Following the sinking of a boat filled with Albanian refugees by the Italian Navy, Vukaj met with Italian Minister of Defence Beniamino Andreatta to discuss the withdrawal of Italian troops from Albania. The Italian military was present in the country as part of Operation Alba, a multinational force mobilized following the Albanian Unrest of 1997. Anger at the sinking of the refugee boat resulted in rebel groups threatening to fire on Italian troops.
# 2010 United States motorcycle Grand Prix

The 2010 United States motorcycle Grand Prix was the ninth round of the 2010 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of July 23–25, 2010 at Laguna Seca. Only the MotoGP class raced at Laguna Seca.

## MotoGP classification

| Pos. | No. | Rider | Team | Manufacturer | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| 1 | 99 | Jorge Lorenzo | Fiat Yamaha Team | Yamaha | 32 | 43:54.873 | 1 | 25 |
| 2 | 27 | Casey Stoner | Ducati Team | Ducati | 32 | +3.517 | 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 46 | Valentino Rossi | Fiat Yamaha Team | Yamaha | 32 | +13.420 | 6 | 16 |
| 4 | 4 | Andrea Dovizioso | Repsol Honda Team | Honda | 32 | +14.188 | 3 | 13 |
| 5 | 69 | Nicky Hayden | Ducati Team | Ducati | 32 | +14.601 | 7 | 11 |
| 6 | 11 | Ben Spies | Monster Yamaha Tech 3 | Yamaha | 32 | +19.037 | 5 | 10 |
| 7 | 5 | Colin Edwards | Monster Yamaha Tech 3 | Yamaha | 32 | +40.721 | 8 | 9 |
| 8 | 33 | Marco Melandri | San Carlo Honda Gresini | Honda | 32 | +47.219 | 11 | 8 |
| 9 | 36 | Mika Kallio | Pramac Racing Team | Ducati | 32 | +52.813 | 15 | 7 |
| 10 | 65 | Loris Capirossi | Rizla Suzuki MotoGP | Suzuki | 32 | +52.814 | 12 | 6 |
| 11 | 95 | Roger Lee Hayden | LCR Honda MotoGP | Honda | 32 | +1:14.089 | 17 | 5 |
| 12 | 15 | Alex de Angelis | Interwetten Honda MotoGP | Honda | 32 | +1:14.666 | 16 | 4 |
| Ret | 41 | Aleix Espargaró | Pramac Racing Team | Ducati | 28 | Accident | 13 | |
| Ret | 58 | Marco Simoncelli | San Carlo Honda Gresini | Honda | 18 | Accident | 9 | |
| Ret | 26 | Dani Pedrosa | Repsol Honda Team | Honda | 11 | Accident | 4 | |
| Ret | 40 | Héctor Barberá | Páginas Amarillas Aspar | Ducati | 3 | Retirement | 10 | |
| Ret | 19 | Álvaro Bautista | Rizla Suzuki MotoGP | Suzuki | 2 | Accident | 14 | |
| Sources: |||||||||

## Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)

Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round nine has concluded.
| Pos. | Rider | Points |
| 1 | Jorge Lorenzo | 210 |
| 2 | Dani Pedrosa | 138 |
| 3 | Andrea Dovizioso | 115 |
| 4 | Casey Stoner | 103 |
| 5 | Valentino Rossi | 90 |
| Pos. | Constructor | Points |
| 1 | Yamaha | 215 |
| 2 | Honda | 175 |
| 3 | Ducati | 133 |
| 4 | Suzuki | 48 |
* Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
# Mireille Silcoff

Mireille Silcoff (born February 1, 1973, in Montreal) is a Canadian author, journalist, and editor. She is the author of four books, including the work of fiction Chez L'arabe (Anansi).

## Biography

Silcoff was a longstanding columnist with the National Post and is a contributor to publications including The New York Times Magazine, The Guardian, and Ha'aretz. She is the founding editor of Guilt & Pleasure Quarterly, "a magazine of new Jewish writing and ideas" (2005-2007), and the founder of a Toronto-based discussion salon (2004-2006) that was connected to the magazine. In 2006, Silcoff stepped away from all journalism, magazine work, and public appearances after developing the rare neurological syndrome, chronic cerebrospinal fluid leaks. After years of being bedridden, she began writing again for the National Post in 2010 and for The New York Times Magazine in 2011. The partially autobiographical Chez L'arabe describes her cloistered world of severe illness.
From the age of 19 to 24, Silcoff was a music journalist specializing in nightclub culture. Up until 2001, she published under the pen name Mireille Silcott, authoring two books under that name, Rave America (ECW Press, 1998) and The Book of E (Omnibus Press, 2000, co-authored with Push).

## Chez L'arabe

The short story collection Chez L'arabe was named one of The Globe 100: The best books of 2014 by The Globe and Mail. Reviews were unanimously strong throughout Canada and internationally. It was named one of the best books of the year by The Montreal Gazette, CBC Books, The Walrus, and others. Chez L'arabe won prizes, including the Canadian Jewish Literary Award for Short Story Collection and second prize for the Danuta Gleed Award for the Short Story; it was also long-listed for the Frank O'Connor International Prize for the Short Story. It was voted Canada's favourite short story collection of 2014 on CBC Canada Writes. The collection came out in French translation in the fall of 2016, published by Marchand de feuilles. Individual short stories from the collection were published on Electric Literature and Five Dials.
# GE 110-ton switcher

The GE 110-ton switcher is a diesel-electric locomotive model built by GE Transportation Systems. It was intended for use in light switching duties.
# Ingvild Stensland

Ingvild Stensland (born 3 August 1981) is a former Norwegian footballer who, from August 2022, is one of the assistance coaches on Norway women's national team.
As a player she last played for Stabæk FK in the Toppserien. She played as a midfielder and was a member of, and for several years also the captain of, the Norway women's national team, making her debut in 2003. She has also played in the French Division 1 and the Swedish Damallsvenskan for Lyon and Göteborg FC.

## Playing career

Stensland was born in Farsund in the south of Norway and grew up at nearby Lyngdal showing her talent for football at an early age. She grew up in a footballing family. Her father was a coach, while her older sisters played at Lyngdal IL. As a youth, Stensland trained with her male counterparts at Lyngdal until she reached her teens. She had a successful career with Lyngdal before starring for clubs such as FK Donn, Athene Moss, and Kolbotn in her home country Norway, Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC in Sweden, and Lyon in France. In 2005, Stensland was named the Toppserien Player of the Year. She has also been nominated for the FIFA Women's World Player of the Year award on four occasions.
As a national team player, Stensland played in the 2005 European Championships guiding her team to a second-place finish after falling 3–1 to the Germans in the final. Since making her debut in 2003, Stensland has become a regular in the team appearing at the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, the 2008 Summer Olympics, UEFA Women's Euro 2009 and the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
At the beginning of 2009, Ingvild Stensland signed a contract with top French club, Olympique Lyonnaise. At about the same time she took over as captain of the national team, an appointment that was confirmed by the new chief trainer, Eli Landsem, at the end of 2009. In 2011, she returned to Göteborg, with whom she won the Svenska Cupen. After the end of the season she returned to Norway to play for Stabæk FK.

## Coaching career

In January 2018, Stensland got hired as player developer in Stabæk. In 2022, she continued her career as coach of the Norway women under-23 national team. However, in August 2022, she became one of the assistance coaches for the Norway national team, together with Monica Knudsen, with Hege Riise as the head coach.

## Honours
### Individual

* 2005 Toppserien Player of the Year
* 2008 Norwegian Women's Player of the Year (NISO)
# Balintore F.C.

Balintore Football Club was a senior football club in Scotland. They played at Seaboard Park in Balintore, representing the Seaboard Villages in the Scottish Highlands.

## Origins

The club was originally formed after the Great War under the names of "Seaboard Swifts" or simply "Balintore" playing friendly matches against neighbouring towns and villages. They became members of the Ross-shire Junior League in 1932 under the new name of "Seaside Swifts" and played competitively at a park located close to Hilton until the team disbanded upon the outbreak of the World War II.
After the war, a new combination emerged under the new name "Seaside Rovers" once again as members of the Ross-shire Junior League, before joining the Ross-shire Welfare League.

## Recent history

In 1980, Balintore F.C. became members of the North Caledonian Football League where they competed until their withdrawal at the end of the 2011–12 season. During their time as members of the league, they won the North Caledonian League championship on three occasions.
Recreational football club Balintore Welfare F.C. has also represented the village as members of the Ross-shire Welfare League since 2000.
In August 2017, Balintore registered their intent to re-enter the North Caledonian League for the 2018–2019 Season, however the proposal never came to fruition.

## Honours

North Caledonian FA (senior) Honours:
* North Caledonian League (3): 1989–90, 1990–91, 2005–06
* North Caledonian Cup Winners (4): 1984–85, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2004–05
* Chic Allan / Port Services Cup Winners (6): 1989–90, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2006–07
* Morris Newton Cup / SWL Winners (5): 1981–82, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1996–97, 1998–99
* Football Times Cup Winners (5): 1982–83, 1988–89, 1997–98, 2003–04, 2007–08
* MacNicol Trophy (1): 1985–86
* Frank Parker / Northern Times Shield (2): 1996–97, 1997–98
# Ikenne

Ikenne is a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ikenne at 6°52′N 3°43′E﻿ / ﻿6.867°N 3.717°E﻿ / 6.867; 3.717.
It has an area of 144 km$^2$ and a population of 118,735 at the 2006 census.
The postal code of the area is 121.

## Wards in Ikenne

* Ikenne i
* Ikenne ii
* Ilisan i
* Ilisan ii
* Irolu
* Iperu i
* Iperu ii
* Iperu iii
* Ogere i
* Ogere ii

## Notable people in Ikenne

* Obafemi Awolowo
* Yemi Osibajo
* Kunle Soname
* Remsport
# Ab Sarduiyeh, Rudbar-e Jonubi

Ab Sarduiyeh (Persian: ابسردوييه, also Romanized as Āb Sardū’īyeh; also known as Ābsardīyeh and Tump-i-Ābsardi) is a village in Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 992, in 197 families.
# List of states of South Sudan by Human Development Index

This is a list of states of South Sudan by Human Development Index as of 2022.
| Rank | Region | HDI (2022) |
| Low human development |||
| 1 | Central Equatoria | 0.459 |
| 2 | Western Equatoria | 0.426 |
| 3 | Upper Nile | 0.422 |
| 4 | Western Bahr el Ghazal | 0.412 |
| – | South Sudan | 0.381 |
| 5 | Eastern Equatoria | 0.367 |
| 6 | Lakes | 0.344 |
| 7 | Unity (with Ruweng) | 0.340 |
| 8 | Jonglei (with Pibor) | 0.331 |
| 9 | Warrap | 0.308 |
| 10 | Northern Bahr el Ghazal | 0.305 |