OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vomitorium

A vomitorium is a passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an amphitheatre or a stadium through which large crowds can exit rapidly at the end of an event. They can also be pathways for actors to enter and leave stage. The Latin word vomitorium, plural vomitoria, derives from the verb vomō, vomere, "to spew forth". In ancient Roman architecture, vomitoria were designed to provide rapid egress for large crowds at amphitheatres and stadia, as they do in modern sports stadia and large theatres.

## Modern examples

Smock Alley Theatre in Temple Bar, Dublin, has two vomitoria, one stage left and one stage right, as does the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario, Canada. The Oregon Shakespeare Festival, for instance, has vomitoria in two of its theatres, the outdoor Elizabethan Stage and the Angus Bowmer Theatre. The "voms", as they are called, allow actors to mount the stage from halls cut into the amphitheatre. The Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis, Minnesota, has two permanent vomitoria, one at stage left and one at stage right, of its thrust stage. The Circle in the Square Theatre, designed to reflect the theatres of ancient Greece and Rome, is the only Broadway theatre that has a vomitorium, which is still used in many of its productions as an entrance and exit for the actors.
The Cockpit Theatre, built in London in the 1960s, is one of the very few purpose-built theatres in the round in London, and features four vomitoria as corner entrances between four banks of raked seating arranged in a square.
The Chichester Festival Theatre, founded in 1962, was the first of its kind to be opened in the United Kingdom for 500 years, because there is no proscenium arch or wings. Instead, there is a thrust stage with vomitoria or "voms" for the audience and performers to enter and exit.
In addition, the Mark Taper Forum, one of the three theatres making up the Los Angeles Music Center, has two vomitoria. It has a strong thrust stage such that the audience sit in an amphitheatre-type array.
Winnipeg's second-largest theatre, Prairie Theatre Exchange, has two vomitoria on either side of its thrust stage, with seating on three sides.
The Space Theatre at the Denver Center for the Performing Arts is a theatre "in the round" with a pentagon configuration. It contains five vomitoria spaced 72 degrees apart, creating five equal seating sections.

## Historical notes

A commonly held but erroneous notion is that Ancient Romans designated spaces called vomitoria for the purpose of literal vomiting, as part of a binge-and-purge cycle.
# Mantamonas

Mantamonads are a group of free-living heterotrophic flagellates that move primarily by gliding on surfaces (rather than swimming). They are classified as one genus Mantamonas in the monotypic family Mantamonadidae, order Mantamonadida and class Glissodiscea. Previously, they were classified in Apusozoa as sister of the Apusomonadida on the basis of rRNA analyses. However, mantamonads are currently placed in CRuMs on the basis of phylogenomic analyses that identify their closest relatives as the Diphylleida and Rigifilida.

## Morphology

Mantamonas are heterotrophic unicellular protists. Their cells are flattened, relatively plastic and asymmetric. They have one thin anterior flagellum and one conspicuous posterior flagellum, on which they glide. The cells have a right hump, likely caused by the nucleus, and a blunt projection on the left side. They are typically 2 μm thick, 5 μm long and 5 μm wide, but vary in size and shape depending on their growth phase and the bacterial density in the medium. When wide-shaped, they present lateral "wings" that resemble the fins of a manta ray (hence the name Mantamonas).

## Ecology

Mantamonas are marine gliding heterotrophic flagellates. M. plastica was isolated from marine sediments, while M. vickermani was isolated from marine lagoon sediments. M. sphyraenae was obtained from the skin surface of a barracuda, suggesting that it could be an epizootic species.

## Evolution

When discovered in 2011, a phylogenetic analysis based on 28S and 18S rRNA recovered Mantamonas as a lineage closely related to Planomonadida and Apusomonadida, within the paraphyletic Apusozoa. Later in 2018, a phylogenomic analysis recovered Mantamonas as the sister group of a clade comprising Collodictyonidae and Rigifilida. Together, the three groups compose the CRuMs clade, which is the sister group to Amorphea (Amoebozoa + Obazoa) in a clade known as Podiata.

## Species

There are currently three species of Mantamonas.
* Mantamonas plastica Glücksman & Cavalier-Smith 2011
* Mantamonas sphyraenae Blaz et al. 2021
* Mantamonas vickermani Blaz et al. 2021
# Alexander Peli

Alexander Peli (Hebrew: אלכסנדר פלי; 1915–2007) was a Ukrainian-born Israeli encyclopedist, the supervising editor of the Encyclopaedia Hebraica. The project began using his mother's publishing house in 1946 with Peli supervising. The last volume was published in 1996.

## Biography

Alexander Pilipovetsky was born in Kiev to Meir and Bracha Pilipovetsky (born Kutzenok). The parents had married the year before against the Kutzenok family's wishes. The Pilipovetskys moved to Palestine when he was six years old and he went to high school in Tel Aviv. In July 1921 his family were early settlers in the new city of Tel Aviv in Palestine (the land that was to become the State of Israel). He attended the University of Jerusalem graduating in History and Philosophy. He had been brought up with encyclopedias. His mother published the eight-volume General Encyclopedia. Peli's dream was to create a new encyclopedia in Hebrew.

## Literary career

In 1944 a committee was formed to work out the aims and objectives of a project to create an encyclopedia in Hebrew. In 1948 work was started, and Chaim Weizmann was the first president of the project. He was also to be the first president of the new state of Israel. Peli was appointed supervising editor and the first editor was Prof. Joseph Klausner The plans were drawn up and the first volume covered from Aleph to Australia.
The introduction to the first volume boldly announced that it was planned to complete the encyclopedia project in "five to six years". The breadth and depth of the project was large. One entry for Israel took up a complete volume. When Peli's first editor died, he appointed Benzion Netanyahu in 1948. Netanyaho had been recommended by Klausner, before his death. The encyclopedia continued to be firmly an Israeli publication. Netanyahu, who was to remain editor until 1962, was the father future Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu.
The third editor that Peli appointed was possibly the most controversial. Professor Yeshayahu Leibowitz caused some delays with his arguments about content, although Leibowitz was difficult outside as well as within the project team.
It was not until 1980 that another editor, Professor Joshua Prawer, managed to declare the encyclopedia as complete. Even after that date it took five years to publish an index, and there was always a need for amendments.
In 1986, Peli's mother, who owned Massada Publishing house, died. She left half the business to Alexander and half to his sister's family. The businesses did not prosper, and the rights to the encyclopedia were sold to Schocken in 1997. Peli was retained as a consultant.
# Season of Monsters

Season of Monsters (Hungarian: Szörnyek évadja) is a 1987 Hungarian drama film written by Gyula Hernádi and directed by Miklós Jancsó.
The film was entered into the main competition at the 44th edition of the Venice Film Festival, and it got a Jury Honorable Mention "for the coherence with which he carries on and renews his expressive research in a period of rapid evolution of film language".

## Plot

At a country house, a retiring teacher celebrates his birthday, where professors and students discuss Existentialism and philosophy. Then an unsettling play opens up a mystery.

## Cast

* József Madaras as Kamondi
* György Cserhalmi as Dr. Bardócz
* Ferenc Kállai as Sándor Kovács
* Júlia Nyakó as Kati
* Katarzyna Figura as Annabella
* András Bálint as Zoltán Zoltai
* Miklós B. Székely as The Deaf-mute
* András Kozák as Colonel Antal
* Lajos Balázsovits as Zimmermann
# Peter Onions

Peter Onions (1724 – 1798) was an English ironmaster and the inventor of an early puddling process used for the refining of pig iron into wrought iron.

## Biography

Onions was born in Broseley, Shropshire, later moving to Merthyr Tydfil in Wales. He married Elizabeth Guest, sister of John Guest, a founder of Guest, Keen and Nettlefold, which is today the British conglomerate GKN In 1783, Onions received patent number 1370 for his invention. Henry Cort later improved on Onion's process during the development of his puddling furnace.
# Xing Aihua

Xing Aihua (Chinese: 邢愛華, born February 4, 1978) is a Chinese long-track speed-skater. She represented China at the 2010 Winter Olympics in the Women's 500m and 1000m.
# Gilbert von In der Maur

Gilbert Heinrich Carl August von In der Maur auf Strelberg und zu Freifeld (15 August 1887 – 13 September 1959) was a Liechtenstein-born Austrian military officer, journalist and publicist. He also served as a government official of the Austrian National Socialist Party.

## Biography

Gilbert Heinrich Carl August von In der Maur auf Strelberg und zu Freifeld was born in Vaduz, Liechtenstein on 15 August 1887 to Carl von In der Maur and his wife, Auguste von Kogerer (1862-1916), daughter of Imperial and Royal Court Counselor Heinrich Ritter von Kogerer. He descended paternally from the old Tyrolese noble family In der Maur zu Strelburg und Freifeld. He was baptized in the Catholic faith on 24 August 1887. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I and was severely wounded in 1914. He became a Rittmeister in the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1917.
From 1918 until 1933 he played an active role in the Anschluss movement, focused on Austria and Germany uniting to form a "Greater Germany", was a supporter of Austrian National Socialism and was a leading member of the Austrian Schutzstaffel as well as a member of the National Socialist Landesleitung, working alongside Josef Leopold. In July 1919 he went to Berlin as part of a Tyrolean delegation to discuss a potential German annexation of Austria. He considered Austria a "dictated" state, imposed upon Germanic people, preventing them from freely uniting with Germany.
In der Maur married Countess Maria Gertrude Valeska Rosa Aloisia Barbo von Waxenstein, the daughter of Count Josef Anton Barbo von Waxenstein. They had three children including Wolf-Bernhard Carl Borromaeus Paul Robert von In der Maur.
They divorced in 1920 and the Countess remarried Count Marino Pace von Friedensberg, a nephew of Anton Pace von Friedensberg and military comrade of In der Maur. In der Maur's daughter, Erika von In der Maur, adopted her stepfather's last name and became Erica Gräfin Pace von Friedensberg. He later married a second time to Margarethe Maria Anna Hatheyer and had more children.
In 1936 In der Maur authored the book Die Jugoslawen Einst Und Jetzt. Jugoslawiens Aussenpolitik on Yugoslavia and foreign policy. In the work, he compared the formation of the Yugoslav state to the unification of Germany.
From 1939 to 1945 he worked in the Defense Intelligence Agency in Vienna.
He died on 13 September 1959 in Pörtschach am Wörthersee.
# Ab Surakh, Fars

Ab Surakh (Persian: اب سوراخ, also Romanized as Āb Sūrākh; also known as Ābsūrākhak) is a village in Dadenjan Rural District, Meymand District, Firuzabad County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 17 families.
# Battle of Acheral

The Battle of Acheral was fought near the San Gabriel stream, some 3 km away from the small town of Acheral, Tucumán province, Argentina. It was a turning point in the Operativo Independencia, a domestic Argentine military intervention aimed at eradicating guerrilla activities in Tucumán province, as well as eliminating so-called subversive elements. This action received nationwide media coverage due to the presence of two journalists from Gente magazine at the time.

## Background

The PRT-ERP learned of a daily military supply transport between Acheral and Tafí del Valle and decided to carry out an ambush on 7 October. On that day, the guerrillas detected a nearby Army task force and opted to attack it. A guerrilla and a soldier perished in the subsequent fighting.
In the early hours of 8 October, a conscript and Jorge Carlos Molina (nom de guerre "captain Pablo") were killed in another Army ambush. During the next 48 hours, another two skirmishes near the Santa Lucía sugar mill resulted in the deaths of Oscar Asdrúbal Santucho (nom de guerre "captain Aníbal") and Manuel Negrín (nom de guerre "lieutenant Roberto").

## Battle

Santucho had ordered the supply of armament to a thirteen-man National Logistics team in the San Gabriel stream, along National Route 38.
At 06:00, the guerrillas were detected hiding in a reedbed. This information reached a task force at 10:30, which in turn relayed it to its superior officers, who ordered three Bell UH-1 Iroquois attack helicopters to be sent to the area.
At 11:38, during the third reconnaissance flight over the area, one of the helicopters detected one or two ERP fighters and opened fire. The guerrillas responded with concentrating fire, killing its door gunner and damaging its electrical system. The pilot, who was also wounded, made an emergency landing 80 meters from the site. Meanwhile, ground troops opened fire at the guerrillas. At noon, another helicopter fired two 70mm air-to-ground rockets, setting the reedbed on fire. General Vilas arrived an hour later in a third helicopter along with two journalists. The strafing and rocket attacks carried on until after 17:00. A mopping-up operation began after another two reconnaissance flights and the arrival of reinforcements. By 19:00, all thirteen guerrillas had been killed. Their bodies were later transported in Unimog trucks to be shown to the press.

## Aftermath

The Mountain Company held a meeting between 15 and 16 October in which demobilization and retreat towards the cities of Córdoba and Buenos Aires was decided. Author Juan Bautista Yofre claims that this action marked the ERP rural front's "near definitive" defeat.
# Emirates 24/7

Emirates 24/7, stylised as Emirates 24|7, is a Dubai Media Incorporated news website and television news programme, respectively. The televised news programme, Emirates 24/7, is a 30-minute segment broadcast weekly on Dubai Media Inc.'s television channel Dubai One, presenting news and business stories of the week and UAE viewers' reactions.

## Website

The Emirates 24/7 web site evolved from the newspapers Emirates Today and Emirates Business24/7 and as of 2011 is led by Riyad Mickdady, Editor-in-Chief.

## TV programme

The programme Emirates 24/7 was launched in early 2010, originally hosted by Rebecca McLaughlin. Katie Jensen became the programme's Presenter in November 2010. In its first season, Emirates 24/7 interviewed guests including Emirates Airlines’ Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, the Al Jaber Group’s Fatima Al Jaber, the IMF’s John Lipsky, the British Consul-General to the UAE Guy Warrington and Hollywood actor Colin Firth.
Emirates 24/7 was relaunched for its second season on 18 January 2011, becoming a weekly one-hour programme covering news, current affairs, business, sport and entertainment. Its slogan was "People, culture, trends, ideas, lifestyle: if it makes a difference to your life, Emirates 24/7 will tell you why."
The programme is presented by Katie Jensen and former World of Sports presenter Omar Butti. Additional reports are provided by Priyanka Dutt. It is filmed at Dubai Media Incorporated’s studios.
# Jacques Duclos

Jacques Duclos (2 October 1896 – 25 April 1975) was a French Communist politician and member of Communist International (Comintern) who played a key role in French politics from 1926, when he entered the French National Assembly after defeating Paul Reynaud, until 1969, when he won a substantial portion of the vote in the presidential elections.

## Biography

Duclos was born in Louey, Hautes-Pyrénées in to a strictly religious single parent family. Duclos fought in the Battle of Verdun, where he was wounded. He was captured at Chemin des Dames, and remained a prisoner of war for the remainder of the war. In 1920, he joined the newly formed French Communist Party (PCF). He rose to the Central Committee in 1926, and defeated Léon Blum in the elections for deputy in the 20th arrondissement. He was named head of the propaganda section of the Party in 1936, and was elected to Vice-President of the French National Assembly.
A Stalinist, Duclos was for more than 35 years the brain behind political choices made by Maurice Thorez and Benoît Frachon. He was involved in the International Communist Movement, in the Comintern, and in the Cominform. In the 1930s, he was assigned the task of exerting "discipline" on Communist Movements in Spain (1930, 1935) and Belgium (1934–1935). On Joseph Stalin's orders, he advised the Communist Party of Spain to participate in the Popular Front at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War.
In September 1939 the PCF was banned following the signature of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the declaration of war due to the party holding the Stalinist line that the Allies were responsible for the war and that Germany was seeking peace. In October 1939, Duclos called for negotiations with Hitler, which led to increased repression from the state. Upon France's defeat in 1940, Duclos, the most senior PCF official in France, engaged in negotiations with the Nazi authorities with a view to legalising the Communist Party as well as requesting permission to restart publication of the PCF daily (L'Humanité) (banned by the French government for the same reasons). The negotiations did not succeed but hurt the PCF's post-war credibility among part of the populace.
Duclos was the supervisor of the clandestine party throughout the Nazi German Occupation (1940–44), and, with Pierre Villon, took the initiative in creating the Front National resistance movement, which was the political front for the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP) guerrillas.
After 1950, Thorez's health faltered, but Duclos remained one of the most influential members of the Party. He was acting Secretary General from 1950 to 1953 in Thorez's absence and was instrumental in eliminating his rival André Marty from the Party's leadership. Waldeck Rochet's own failing health prompted Duclos to run as the Party's presidential candidate in the 1969 election, scoring 21.27% of the vote, the highest ever for a communist presidential candidate in France. He died in Montreuil on 25 April 1975 at age 78.
# Hollister Peak

Hollister Peak is a 1,404-foot (428 m) volcanic plug located near Morro Bay, California. It is one of the Nine Sisters, and receives its name from the family that lived at its base in 1884. It was of religious importance to the Chumash. Hollister Peak is on private property and has no public access.
# Mamadou Kanouté

Mamadou Yaye Kanouté (born 7 October 1993) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays for Italian Serie C Group B club Perugia on loan from Trapani.

## Career
### Serie C
#### Benevento

He made his Serie C debut for Benevento on 23 October 2011 in a game against Pisa.

#### Loan to Ischia

On 30 July 2015, he was loaned to Lega Pro club Ischia along with Antonio Porcino.

#### Taranto

In the summer of 2023, Kanouté is made official as Serie C Group C club Taranto's new player. In Taranto he lived one of his best seasons as a footballer, becoming the team's top scorer in that season under head coach Ezio Capuano.

### Trapani

Following his impressive season at Taranto, in July 2024, ambitious Serie C club Trapani signed Kanouté by activating a buyout clause on his contract with the Apulians. On 2 February 2025, Kanouté was sent to Perugia on loan, with an obligation to buy in case of Perugia's promotion to Serie B.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 26 May 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Benevento | 2011–12 | Lega Pro Prima Divisione | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Benevento | 2013–14 | Lega Pro Prima Divisione | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Benevento | 2014–15 | Lega Pro | 13 | 0 | 2+1 | 0 | — | — | 16 | 0 |
| Benevento | 2017–18 | Serie A | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Benevento | Total | Total | 29 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 0 |
| Vallée d'Aoste (loan) | 2012–13 | Lega Pro Seconda Divisione | 24 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 2 |
| Ischia (loan) | 2015–16 | Lega Pro | 27 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 31 | 9 |
| Juve Stabia (loan) | 2016–17 | Lega Pro | 31 | 7 | 1+1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 34 | 7 |
| Pro Vercelli (loan) | 2017–18 | Serie B | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Catanzaro | 2018–19 | Serie C | 22 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 4 |
| Catanzaro | 2019–20 | Serie C | 26 | 6 | 2+2 | 1+0 | 2 | 0 | 32 | 7 |
| Catanzaro | Total | Total | 48 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 56 | 11 |
| Palermo | 2020–21 | Serie C | 31 | 1 | — | — | 4 | 0 | 35 | 1 |
| Avellino | 2021–22 | Serie C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 198 | 26 | 17 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 225 | 30 |
* ↑ All appearance(s) in relegation play-outs.
* 1 2 3 4 All appearance(s) in promotion play-offs.
# Ctenomorpha gargantua

Ctenomorpha gargantua, the gargantuan stick insect, is a species of stick insect that is endemic to rainforests in northeastern Queensland, Australia. It is Australia's longest stick insect and among the world's longest stick insects, with females having been confirmed at up to 56.5 cm (22.2 in) in total length, including extended legs and cerci (protrusions from the end of their body, which are unusually long in this species), but they can likely grow even larger, as there are unconfirmed measurements of up to 61.5 cm (24.2 in). Both sexes are brown, but males only reach about two-thirds the length of females and they are also thinner.
Males can fly and actively seek females, whereas the flightless females are believed to live inconspicuously high in the rainforest canopy; only a few females have ever been found in the wild. If no male is present, a female can breed alone via parthenogenesis. The eggs, which resemble small plant seeds, are dropped onto the ground from the canopy by the female, with the young making their way back to the canopy after hatching. A captive breeding program is run by Museum Victoria, and the species is also maintained by hobbyist stick insect keepers. Their wild food plants are unknown, but captives will feed on Eucalyptus, Syzygium australe and Corymbia torelliana.
# Yanubbee Creek

Yanubbee Creek is a stream in McCurtain County of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
The stream headwaters are the confluence of the East and West Forks at 34°04′32″N 94°44′09″W﻿ / ﻿34.07556°N 94.73583°W﻿ / 34.07556; -94.73583 adjacent to US Route 259 north of Broken Bow and it flows to the south-southeast past Broken Bow and under US Route 70. The stream confluence with Crooked Creek is at 33°58′45″N 94°41′59″W﻿ / ﻿33.97917°N 94.69972°W﻿ / 33.97917; -94.69972.
Yanubbee is a name derived from the Choctaw language meaning "ironwood". A variant spelling is "Yanubbe Creek".