OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emily Browne Powell

Emily Browne Powell (1847-1938) was an American writer. In 1892, she became the second president of the Pacific Coast Women's Press Association.

## Early life

Emily Jeannette Browne was born in 1847, in Waldo County, Maine, of Puritans ancestry. Her father was M. M. Browne and she had a sister, Mrs. George E. Brackett.
Powell wrote her first poem at the age of twelve. At the age of 16, she sent a poem to a Boston literary journal which brought her an invitation to become a regular contributor.

## Career

After several years of experience as a teacher in Belfast, Maine and elsewhere, Powell went to California in 1868, where she continued to work as a teacher.
Powell's work consisted of poems, stories, essays, and letters on the events of the day and appeared in many magazines and newspapers, including the Oakland Tribune, The San Francisco Call, Overland Monthly, as well as Harper's Magazine, The Californian, Peterson's Magazine, and New Peterson Magazine. Her poems were widely copied throughout U.S. magazines. She once received complimentary notice from Horace Greeley for a letter written to the New-York Tribune.
The Pacific Coast Women's Press Association was organized in 1890 with about 200 women, and Powell was chosen to be the assistant recording secretary. In September 1892, Powell succeeded Nellie Blessing Eyster to become the organization's second president. She was a charter member of Oakland, California's Tea Club.

## Personal life

In 1872, she married Jonas (or James) Henry Powell (b. 1847). They had a daughter, Maude.
Emily Browne Powell died on September 25, 1938, in Alameda, California, having lived in that city since 1889.

## Selected works
### Books

* Songs Along the Way, 1900 (text)

### In magazines

* "A Modern Knight. Reminiscences of Generlal M. G. Vallejo". Harper's Magazine, April 1893
* "In Memoriam--Emelie T. Y. Parkhurst, Poem", The Californian, 1892
* "Song", Peterson's Magazine, vol. 83, June 1883
* "Sweetheart", New Peterson Magazine, vol. 76, July 1879
# Alfonso Quaranta

Alfonso Quaranta (2 January 1936 – 6 March 2023) was an Italian magistrate. He served as President of the Constitutional Court of Italy from 2011 to 2013.
Quaranta died in Rome on 6 March 2023, at the age of 87.
# Hans Christian Hagedorn

Hans Christian Hagedorn (6 March 1888 – 6 October 1971) was the creator of NPH insulin and the founder of Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium, which is known today as Novo Nordisk.

## Early life and education

Hagedorn was born in Copenhagen. His father was the captain of a coaster adapted for use as a folk high school ship where aspiring sailors received training in navigation as well as other subjects. Hagedorn attended Hesselager Latin School on Funen. In 1916, he began to study medicine at the University of Copenhagen. During his studies, he worked as an assistant for Carl Julius Salomonsen. He also assisted Christian Bohr.

## Career

Hagedorn and August Krogh (1874–1949) obtained the rights for insulin from Frederick Banting and Charles Best of Toronto. In 1923 they formed Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium, and in 1926 with August Krogh he obtained a Danish royal charter as a non-profit foundation.
In the 1930s he became interested in modifying the absorption rate of insulin. He was aware that contaminating proteins slowed the absorption of insulin into the bloodstream, but these caused irritation and side effects. Thus he searched for a protein that would not cause any irritation. He came upon protamine, a protein isolated from fish sperm. Hagedorn discovered that the addition of protamine to insulin caused the insulin to form microscopic clumps. These clumps took longer to dissolve into the bloodstream. Protamine zinc insulin (PZI) was first created in 1936 and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in 1946. NPH insulin is the complex of protamine and insulin at neutral pH (7.0). It is one of the earliest examples of engineering drug delivery.

## Legacy
### The Hagedorn Prize

The Hagedorn Prize, named after Hans Christian Hagedorn, celebrates achievements in the understanding and treatment of diabetes. Hagedorn's work significantly advanced the quality of insulin production and diabetes care, making this award a tribute to his legacy in the field. The Hagedorn Prize is recognised as the most prestigious award in Internal Medicine in Denmark.
# Ahmad Ali Khan (journalist)

Ahmad Ali Khan (1924 – 13 March 2007) was a veteran Pakistani journalist who was the editor of Dawn for 28 years.
His association with Dawn newspaper was for nearly 42 years as a journalist and later as an editor/chief editor for 28 years.

## Early life and career

Ahmad Ali Khan was born in 1924 in Bhopal State, United Provinces, British India. He completed his education at the Aligarh Muslim University. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, he migrated to Karachi to continue serving his old employer in India, Dawn, where he worked as a journalist until May 1949. Then he decided to move to Lahore, Pakistan and started working for the Pakistan Times there. At that newspaper in Lahore, he benefited and gained useful experience by working with journalists like Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Mazhar Ali Khan and Mian Iftikharuddin.
During the 13 years he worked for this newspaper based in Lahore, he was once detained under Security Act as part of Pakistani government's crackdown on the leftists and people belonging to the Progressive Writers' Movement.
In 1962, Ahmad Ali Khan returned to Karachi to rejoin his old employer from 1946 to 1949, Dawn, where he started working as an assistant editor under the supervision of its veteran editor Altaf Husain. He later worked with Altaf Gauhar as well at the same newspaper. After the separation of East Pakistan as an independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971, there was a short supply of newsprint paper that reduced the size of Dawn to just eight pages. In addition, government's denial of advertisements to some newspapers including the Dawn to pressurize them to be in tune with the regime's policies.
He worked as an editor at Dawn from May 1973 to 2000, making him the newspaper's longest-serving editor.
He played a key role in improving its financial stability, independence and prestige. He introduced some technical changes such as its printing moving from the old-style hot metal and offset printing to full computerization. He first retired as the chief editor in 2000, and then returned in 2003 for a short period. After retirement, he started working on his autobiography in 2000 but was not in good health. He died in 2007 before he could finish it. Still he was able to finish its 7 chapters and the remaining two chapters were completed by his daughter Naveed Ahmad Tahir after his death. The book was finally published in 2015.

## Death and legacy

Ahmad Ali Khan died in Karachi on 13 March 2007 after a protracted illness at age 82. Among the survivors were his wife, a noted Pakistani writer Hajra Masroor and two daughters.
According to one of her long-time co-worker and a noted Pakistani columnist Zubeida Mustafa, "Khan was a man of principle and integrity... he was a good teacher and believed in values and ethics of journalism".

## Awards and recognition

* Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Crescent of Excellence) Award by the Government of Pakistan in 2009.
* Pride of Performance Award by the President of Pakistan in 1997.
# Big Branch (Lanes Creek tributary)

Big Branch is a 3.33 mi (5.36 km) long 2nd order tributary to Lanes Creek in Anson County, North Carolina.

## Course

Big Branch rises about 2 miles southeast of Fountain Hill, North Carolina. Big Branch then flows southeast to meet Lanes Creek about 2 miles north of Griffins Crossroads.

## Watershed

Big Branch drains 4.62 square miles (12.0 km$^2$) of area, receives about 48.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 420.54 and is about 60% forested.
# Naldöken railway station

Naldöken is a railway station in İzmir. İZBAN operates commuter trains north to Aliağa and Menemen and south to Cumaovası and Tepeköy. Naldöken is the first station east of the Karşıyaka tunnel.
* This article about a Turkish railway station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Oskar Thiede

Oskar Thiede (February 13, 1879 – November 22, 1961) was an Austrian sculptor. He was born and died in Vienna. In 1948 he won a silver medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his "Eight Sports Plaques".
# Ronald Loui

Ronald Prescott Loui is an American computer scientist, currently working as an adjunct professor of computer science at Case Western Reserve University. He is known for having supplied first-hand biographical information on Barack Obama about his time in Hawaii.

## Biography

Loui earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in applied mathematics (1982), where his undergraduate thesis won an ACM award.
Loui completed a Ph.D. advised by Henry E. Kyburg Jr., at the University of Rochester and completed a postdoc at Stanford (1987-1988) under Patrick Suppes and Amos Tversky. His unpublished work was cited in Judea Pearl's Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, while referring to economist John Harsanyi).
From 1988 to 2008, he was a professor of computer science at Washington University in St. Louis in the McKelvey School of Engineering. He was also associated with multiple departments outside of engineering, including publishing a Journal of Philosophy article in the same issue as Willard Van Orman Quine. While at Washington University, he built a citation-based search engine for legal opinions in the early 1990s. After leaving Washington University in 2008, he worked as a full-time consultant for several years, and then joined University of Illinois Springfield as a faculty member. He left academia for a few years in 2017 to co-found Peak Metrics, and now teaches as an adjunct faculty at Case Western Reserve University.
Loui is an advocate of defeasible reasoning in artificial intelligence and a proponent of scripting language. He is co-patent holder of a deep packet inspection hardware device that could read and edit the contents of packets as they stream through a network. This technology was sought by the DARPA Information Awareness Office and Disruptive Technology Office under Total Information Awareness. Loui also consulted for Cyc, a well-known artificial intelligence program created by Douglas Lenat.
# Oliver Brothers Fine Art Restoration

Oliver Brothers Fine Art Restoration and Conservation is believed to be the first art restoration establishment in the United States. For more than one and one-half centuries, the Olivers and their successors have restored and conserved antique and contemporary paintings, original works on paper, fine art prints, icons, murals, original photographs, documents, sculpture, gilded objects, and picture frames for private collectors, museums, art dealers, auction houses, galleries, corporations, universities, historical societies, libraries, and others.

## History
### Origins

James Oliver, who was trained as an art restorer in his native Scotland, and his son George founded what is believed to be the first art restoration business in the United States in New York City in 1850. Throughout the nineteenth century, clients included The Metropolitan Museum of Art, art dealers Samuel Putnam Avery and M. Knoedler & Co., and restaurateur Lorenzo Delmonico. In the late 1860s, George Oliver moved to Boston, Mass., where he opened a second art restoration shop. Eventually, the New York location was closed.

### Early 20th Century- Innovation

In time, George’s two sons, brothers George T. ("Taylor") and Frederick Oliver (grandsons of original founder James), joined and eventually took over the family business, which, for the first time, would operate under the name "Oliver Brothers". Taylor perfected several procedures for removing surface blemishes and transferring paintings on canvasses with defective supports. In the 1920s, he designed and constructed a prototype vacuum hot table to use in his process for relining paintings, for which he received a patent in 1937
– U.S. Patent# 2,073,802. The vacuum hot table has since been adopted throughout the art restoration and conservation industry for use in restoring paintings on textile supports. Taylor's original prototype table remained in use at Oliver Brothers until the early 2000s.

### Second half of 20th Century- Current

In 1961, the Olivers sold the business to Carroll Wales (1917–2007) and Constantine Tsaousis (1924–1987), both of whom had restored religious art in churches in the eastern Mediterranean. Notable domestic restorations of Wales and Tsaousis included Arshile Gorky's murals in Newark Airport in 1977 and the Spanish medieval art collection of the Deering family from 1971 through 1982. Over the years Mr. Wales and Mr. Tsaousis restored and conserved numerous artworks by renowned artists, including Annibale Caracci, John Singleton Copley, Francisco Goya, Giovanni Paolo Panini, Gilbert Stuart and Rembrandt Van Rain, to name a few. In 1986, Peter Tysver, an Oliver Brothers apprentice since 1968, bought the business, and in 2004, Gregory Bishop, who had been training at Oliver Brothers since 1990, became a partner. Tysver and Bishop are the two principals of today’s Oliver Brothers Art Restoration and Conservation, which remains in Boston and Beverly, Massachusetts.
# Lilly's Purple Plastic Purse

Lilly’s Purple Plastic Purse is a 1996 children's book written and illustrated by Kevin Henkes, and published by Greenwillow Books, an imprint of HarperCollins. It was listed as 11th overall in a list of the "Top 100 Picture Books" of all time in a 2012 poll by School Library Journal and included in the literary reference book 1001 Children's Books You Must Read Before You Grow Up. The book is about the titular character, an anthropomorphic mouse, attending school.

## History

Lilly, the main character of the story, appeared in several of author Kevin Henkes's stories published before Lilly's Purple Plastic Purse, including Chester's Way (1988) and Julius, the Baby of the World (1990).

## Plot

From NPR:
    ”Lilly loves everything, especially her purple plastic purse full of treasures. She even loves her teacher Mr. Slinger — but when the wondrous purse and its contents keep interrupting his lessons, he confiscates it, leading Lilly to attempt revenge. Luckily, her favorite teacher understands her emotions.”

## Reception

Reviews have called attention to Henkes’s illustrations, with one reviewer calling them, “skilled, playful and spirited.”
The book received a positive review from the New York Times in which the review said, "every once in a while—and in children's books, it's only once in a very great while—there is a book so delightful, so exuberant, honest and evocative of the passionate life that children live as we look on, that one considers nailing a proclamation to the door of the local bookseller or wearing a copy around one's neck to advertise it. Lilly's Purple Plastic Purse...is just such a book." and also remarked, "In all of children's literature there is just a handful of characters we think of as family—Madeline, Winnie the Pooh and Charlotte come to mind—and when this young generation is old enough to reflect on the ones it loved, Lilly will probably lead the pack."

## Adaptations

Lilly’s Purple Plastic Purse was adapted for the stage by playwright Kevin Kling and the play has subsequently been produced by numerous local theater companies, including:
* Hoboken, New Jersey, Monroe Center for the Arts, 2009
* Columbus, Georgia, Springer Opera House, 2015
* Green Bay, Wisconsin, Weidner Center for Performing Arts, 2016
* Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Harwich Junior Theatre, 2022
# Jack Lee (American football)

John Lee (March 28, 1917 – July 13, 1972) was an American football blocking back who played on season for the Pittsburgh Pirates of the NFL. He was selected by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 10th round of the 1939 NFL draft. He played college football at Carnegie Mellon University for the Carnegie Mellon Tartans football team.
# Sony Xperia tipo

The Sony Xperia tipo is a mid-range Android smartphone manufactured by Sony Mobile Communications. The device was released globally during August 2012. There is a dual-SIM version of the Xperia tipo available in certain countries known as the Xperia tipo dual.

## Availability

The phone was officially announced with the Sony Xperia miro by Sony Mobile Communications on 13 June 2012 and was officially released worldwide during August 2012. The Xperia tipo was available in Classic Black, Classic White, Deep Red and Navy Blue while the Xperia tipo dual was only available in Classic Black and Silver.

## Hardware

The device measures 103 by 57 by 13 mm and weighs 99.4 grams. It features a capacitive touchscreen display which measures 3.2 inches with a resolution of 320 × 480 pixels at 180 ppi with multitouch support and is capable of displaying 262,000 colours. The glass of the display is made from plastic. The camera of the device has 3.2 megapixels capable of 4x digital zoom and supports VGA video recording, it does not have a front-facing camera. It has a Qualcomm Snapdragon S1 MSM7225A single-core 800 MHz ARM Cortex-A5 processor with 2.9 GB of internal memory with up to 2.5 GB user-accessible memory and also has an external slot which supports a maximum 32 GB external memory on microSD card.

### Tipo Dual

Other than having another sim card slot, the Xperia tipo and Xperia tipo dual are the same. However, the Xperia tipo dual is only available in black and silver, rather than black, silver, red and blue. Only one SIM is used at a time; a hardware button on the right hand side of the device is used to switch between them.

## Software

The device runs on Android 4.0.4 (ice cream sandwich) operating system and is integrated with Sony's social media service called Timescape. The software also includes Sony's xLOUD audio filter technology for better music experience and it features stereo FM radio with RDS. Similar to the Xperia miro, the phone is capable of 3D and Motion gaming and is also connected to the Sony Entertainment Network, allowing users to access Music & Video Unlimited.
# Charles Borremans

Charles Borremans (5 April 1769 – 17 July 1827), was a composer of operas, and a violinist and conductor at the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie in what was then France and later the United Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1804 to 1825. The composer Charles-Louis-Joseph Hanssens succeeded him as conductor of this opera house.
Borremans was born and died in Brussels. The Borremans family was related to the Artot family: his sister was married to Maurice Artot, father of the famous violinist Joseph-Alexander Artot.
A Quatuor for the pianoforte harpsichord or with accompaniment of bass and two violones in F, of which a part is missing, is mentioned as number 476 in the inventory of the archives of the House of Arenberg at Edingen.
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt

The Diocese of Erfurt (Latin: Dioecesis Erfordiensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic church in Germany. The diocese was created in 1973 as the apostolic administration of Erfurt-Meiningen, and was elevated in 1994 to the current diocese of Erfurt. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Paderborn.
After the former bishop Joachim Wanke resigned in 2012 the diocese was without bishop until November 2014 when Ulrich Neymeyr took office. Neymeyr served as auxiliary bishop in the Diocese of Mainz before being appointed as bishop of Erfurt.

## Ordinaries

* Hugo Aufderbeck (23 July 1973 Appointed – 17 January 1981 Died)
* Joachim Wanke (17 January 1981 Succeeded – 1 October 2012 Retired)
* Ulrich Neymeyr (19 September 2014 – present)
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Kielce

The Diocese of Kielce (Latin: Dioecesis Kielcensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Kielce in the ecclesiastical province of Kraków in Poland.
Its Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Kielce is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

## History

* 1805: Established as Diocese of Kielce from the Diocese of Kraków
* 1818: Suppressed
* December 28, 1882: Restored as Diocese of Kielce

## Special churches

* Minor Basilicas:
** Bazylika Grobu Bożego, Miechów
** Bazylika Matki Bożej Anielskiej, Dąbrowa Górnicza
** Bazylika Narodzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny, Wiślica (Basilica of the Birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary)

## Bishops

* Bishop Wojciech Górski (1805.06.26 – 1818.02.01)
* Bishop Tomasz Teofil Kuliński (1883.03.15 – 1907.01.08)
* Bishop Augustyn Łosiński (1910.04.26 – 1937.03.03)
* Bishop Czesław Kaczmarek (1938.05.24 – 1963.08.26)
* Bishop Jan Jaroszewicz (1967.03.20 – 1980.04.17)
* Bishop Stanisław Szymecki (1981.03.27 – 1993.05.15), appointed Archbishop of Białystok
* Bishop Kazimierz Ryczan (1993.07.17 – 2014.10.11)
* Bishop Jan Piotrowski (since 2014.10.11)

### Auxiliary Bishops

* Marian Florczyk (1998-)
* Jan Gurda (1972-1993)
* Kazimierz Gurda (2004-2014), appointed Bishop of Siedlce
* Jan Jaroszewicz (1957-1967), appointed Bishop here
* Mieczyslaw Jaworski (1982-2001)
* Andrzej Kaleta (2017-)
* Tomasz Teofil Kuliński (1872-1883), appointed Bishop here
* Edward Henryk Materski (1968-1981), appointed Bishop of Sandomierz
* Edward Jan Muszyński (1960-1968)
* Piotr Skucha (1986-1992), appointed auxiliary bishop of Sosnowiec
* Szczepan (Stefano) Sobalkowski (1957-1958)
* Franciszek Sonik (1935-1957)

### Another priest of this diocese who became bishop

* Henryk Mieczysław Jagodziński, appointed nuncio and titular archbishop in 2020

## Reports of Sexual Abuse

In May 2019, a documentary called Tell No One was released featuring a priest identified as Jan A., who served the Diocese in the town Topola, who confessed to molesting young girls. Officials in the Diocese had previously investigated claims made against Jan A. and sent collected evidence to the Vatican in January 2019.
# Václav Chalupa

Václav Chalupa Jr. (born 7 December 1967 in Jindřichův Hradec, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech rower who competed at six consecutive Olympics from 1988 to 2008, winning a silver medal in 1992 behind Germany's Thomas Lange in the single scull.

## Career

His first coach was his father Václav Chalupa Sr., who competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and reestablished the only rowing club in their small town when he was thirteen. From 1989 until 2004 he was coached by Zdeněk Pecka.
He rowed at sixteen world championships. In the single scull, he came second at four consecutive meets from 1989 to 1993, and third in 1995, 1998, and 2001 (when just 0.7 seconds separated the top three rowers). At his final world championships in Poznan, he came second in the coxed pairs.
He came first at the 1990 Goodwill Games in the single sculls, at three World Cup events in 1991, 1993, and 1999, and at the Hackett Thames World Sculling Challenge in 2000.
He is a captain in the Czech army and a skilled repairman of agricultural machinery.
It is estimated that he has rowed 60 000 km in his career. He is a fan of fellow rowers Thomas Lange and Steve Redgrave, and of Mr. Bean.
His oldest son Václav (born 1994) is also a rower.
He set a record time when winning the Diamond Challenge Sculls, rowing for Dukla Praha, at the Henley Royal Regatta in 1989, with a time of 7.23 min.