OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samira Asghari

Samira Asghari (Persian: سمیرا اصغری), (born 31 March 1994) is a member of the International Olympic Committee for Afghanistan since 2018. Upon her election at the age of 24, Asghari became the first representative from Afghanistan and one of the youngest ever members to join the IOC. Before being selected for the IOC, Asghari played for the Afghanistan women's national basketball team and worked for the Afghanistan National Olympic Committee during the 2010s. With the ANOC, Asghari briefly held the finance director and Deputy Secretary General positions in the early to mid 2010s.

## Early life and education

On 31 March 1994, Asghari was born in the Jalrez District, Afghanistan. Shortly after her birth, Asghari and her family became war refugees and moved to Iran. Growing up, Asghari played association football and basketball while attending school. For her post-secondary education, Asghari went to Kateb University for a Bachelor of Arts in international relations.

## Career

During the 2010s, Asghari joined the Afghanistan women's national basketball team and was named captain of the Afghan basketball team. Outside of basketball, Asghari worked for an Afghan agency in women's sports before starting her Olympic career with the Afghanistan National Olympic Committee. With the NOC, Asghari first held positions in women's sports and international relations. As an executive for the NOC, Asghari held one year positions as finance director and Deputy Secretary General during the early to mid 2010s. During this time period, Asghari joined committees for the Olympic Council of Asia and International Olympic Committee in 2014.
In 2018, Asghari became the first elected member of the International Olympic Committee from Afghanistan. Her election made Asghari one of the youngest ever members of the IOC when she joined at age 24. As part of the committee, Asghari was selected to join a commission for future winter Olympics in 2019.
Following the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, it was confirmed that Asghari was living in Europe. Fearful for the safety of her fellow Afghan female athletes, she called on the United States to help them evacuate the country.

## Awards and honors

In 2019, the Afghanistan Sports Journalists Federation presented Asghari with the Sports Personality of the Year award.
# Sarauta

Sarauta is a Hausa political system that originated in the ancient city-state of Daura (in present-day Katsina State). According to Hausa oral traditions, the sarauta system emerged around the year 1000 and gradually spread across Hausaland, evolving into a complex network of institutions and values that came to dominate the Hausa states by the 15th-century.
The system is characterised by a hierarchical structure, with the sarki (king or chief) at the top. The sarki's power is influenced by factors such as their individual character, political influence of aristocratic titleholders, domestic and external allies, and general social, economic, and political conditions. Although the office of sarki is hereditary, there is also an "electoral college" of eligible male descendants of ruling dynasties who can contest to become the sarki. Other important institutions of sarauta include a governing council composed of senior aristocrats with various titles and junior aristocrats often affiliated to senior aristocrats in patron-client relationships. There are also low-level palace personnel, including court jesters, royal musicians, messengers, enforcement agents, courtiers, heads of occupational groups, and Muslim clerics.
The Sokoto Caliphate, which ruled much of Hausaland throughout the 19th-century, significantly influenced sarauta political institutions. The leaders of the Sokoto jihad sought to reform sarauta by aligning it more closely with Islamic principles of governance. They criticised practices such as hereditary succession, taxation systems, and the perceived neglect of religious precepts, advocating instead for a governance model rooted in Islamic ideals. Despite these efforts, many pre-existing political traditions and structures persisted, as the jihad did not entirely dismantle the sarauta system.
The British adopted sarauta-emirates as the foundation of indirect rule in Northern Nigeria, integrating many traditional institutions into the colonial administration. However, they also introduced significant changes, such as replacing aristocratic appointments with a modern bureaucracy and establishing technical departments. Loyalty to the British Crown and adherence to a bureaucratic ethos became prioritised over traditional sarauta values. The British frequently intervened in the selection of emirs, often disregarding traditional criteria, and granted emirs greater territorial authority than they had wielded in the pre-colonial era.
The sarauta system continued to evolve during the period of decolonisation and the formation of political parties in Nigeria. These changes posed new challenges to the system as it had to adapt to the demands of democracy. Traditional political norms of deference to hierarchy, longevity in office, and holding power were seen as having a negative influence on political opposition. Although formal governance has largely moved away from sarauta institutions, their influence remains deeply embedded in the political and cultural landscape of Northern Nigeria.
# Sergey Shilov

Sergey Valentinovich Shilov (Russian: Сергей Валентинович Шилов; born 1 October 1970) is a Russian cross-country skier, biathlete, and six-time Paralympic Champion.
Shilov has competed at nine Paralympic Games (five Winter and four Summer), in cross-country skiing, biathlon, and athletics. He has won a total of 10 medals at the Games, in cross-country skiing, of which six are gold.
# Big government

Big government is a term that refers to a government or public sector that is considered excessively large or unconstitutionally involved in certain areas of public policy or the private sector.
The term may also be used specifically concerning government policies that attempt to regulate private or personal matters such as private sexual behavior or individual food choices – similar to the British term 'nanny state'. The term has also been used in the context of the United States to define a dominant federal government that seeks to control the authority of local institutions – an example being the overriding of state authority in favor of federal legislation.

## Definition

Big government is primarily defined by its size, measured by the budget or number of employees, either in absolute terms or relative to the national economy.
# Rock Steady with Flo & Eddie

Rock Steady with Flo & Eddie, also known as Prince Flo & Jah Edward I, is the fifth studio album by Flo & Eddie. Released in 1981, the album consists of rocksteady and reggae music. The album was recorded at Tuff Gong Studios in Kingston, Jamaica under the production of Errol Brown, frontman for the British soul band Hot Chocolate.

## Production

Flo & Eddie had discovered reggae music due to the popularity of singer Bob Marley. Signing a contract with the Florida independent record label Epiphany, they were able to book recording time at Tuff Gong Studios in Kingston, Jamaica, and Erroll Brown was tapped to produce the album. When Flo & Eddie arrived at the studio, they had prepared a list of Jamaican reggae and American pop songs to record. Brown tossed the list in a trash can and educated the duo on "'real' Jamaican music". At the time, Brown was mixing dub versions of reggae recordings in his uncle Duke Reid's catalog, and had a different vision for the Flo & Eddie album than they did. The resulting recordings consisted of many of Jamaica's most revered reggae songs, as well as reggae versions of the Ink Spots' "Prisoner of Love", and the Turtles' "Happy Together".

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The album was not commercially successful. The album was reissued by Rhino Records under the title Prince Flo & Jah Edward I, but it still failed to catch on. In a retrospective review, AllMusic's Jo-Ann Greene called it "A stunning album sadly lost to the sands of time."

## Track listing

* "Prisoner of Love" - 3:58
* "Swing and Dine" - 3:21
* "Stop" - 2:12
* "Moving Away" - 3:19
* "Pearl" - 3:32
* "Dancing Mood" - 3:11
* "Party Time" - 3:05
* "Sitting in the Park" (Billy Stewart) - 3:10
* "Rock with Me" - 3:01
* "Those Guys" - 3:14
* "Just Like a River" - 3:16
* "Happy Together" - 2:31

## Personnel

* Mark "Flo" Volman, Howard "Eddie" Kaylan - vocals
* Earl "Chinna" Smith - guitar
* Albert Wing, Dean Fraser, Enroy "Tenor" Grant - saxophone
* Walt Fowler - trombone
* Augustus Pablo, Leslie "Professor" Butler - piano, organ
* Phil Ramocon - Fender Rhodes
* Aston "Family Man" Barrett - bass guitar
* Carlton "Santa" Davis - drums
* Uziah "Sticky" Thompson - percussion
# Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party

The Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party (Partito Progressista Democratico Sammarinese, PPDS) was a democratic socialist political party in San Marino. Its Italian counterpart was the Democratic Party of the Left.
The party was formed in 1990 as the successor to the Sammarinese Communist Party. In 1992, some hard-liners who did not accept the abandonment of communism left to form the Sammarinese Communist Refoundation. On 25 March 2001, the PPDS merged with two minor groups, the Ideas in Motion and the Socialists for Reform, into the Party of Democrats.

## Election History

| Year | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| 1993 | 4,064 | 18.58 | 11 | New |
| 1998 (Coalition of: PPDS–IM–CD | 4,065 | 18.64 | 11 | 0 |
# Jamal Amofa

Jamal Amofa (born 25 November 1998) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bulgarian club Botev Plovdiv.

## Career

Amofa signed his first professional contract with ADO Den Haag on 29 June 2020.
On 5 July 2022, Amofa joined Eredivisie club Go Ahead Eagles on a three-year contract.
On 4 February 2025, Amofa signed with Botev Plovdiv in Bulgaria.

## Personal life

Born in the Netherlands, Amofa is of Ghanaian, and Surinamese descent.
# Discovery Channel Europe

Discovery Channel (Europe) is the Pan-European version of the Discovery Channel.
Over the years, the Discovery Channel has been split into many different channels for specific regions. Most language regions in Western Europe now have their own versions of the channel, and the Pan-European is therefore now mostly available in countries in Central and Eastern Europe.
The channel is broadcast from the United Kingdom and holds an Ofcom licence. The channel was registered as "Discovery Channel Europe" until August 2006, when it changed its name to "Discovery (Central & Eastern Europe inc. Russia)". Later it changed back to Discovery Channel (Europe).
Discovery Channel (Europe) was launched from the UK in 1989. It launched on the Astra satellite in 1993. Eventually it split into different channels for different markets:
* Discovery Channel Africa
* Discovery Channel Bulgaria
* Discovery Channel Croatia
* Discovery Channel Denmark
* Discovery Channel Estonia
* Discovery Channel Finland
* Discovery Channel Flanders
* Discovery Channel France
* Discovery Channel Germany
* Discovery Channel Hungary
* Discovery Channel Italy
* Discovery Channel Latvia
* Discovery Channel Netherlands
* Discovery Channel Norway
* Discovery Channel Poland
* Discovery Channel Portugal
* Discovery Channel Romania
* Discovery Channel Russia
* Discovery Channel Serbia
* Discovery Channel Slovenia
* Discovery Channel Spain
* Discovery Channel Sweden
* Discovery Channel Turkey
* Discovery Channel UK and Ireland
Some of the countries that still receive the European version are Iceland, Ukraine, Israel, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Cyprus, Greece, Malta and Sub-Sahara Africa.

## Logo

* One logo (from 1 April 1989 to 18 September 1995)
# José Reinaldo

José Reinaldo Carneiro Tavares (born March 19, 1939) is a Brazilian engineer and politician. He served as governor of Maranhão, from 2002 to 2007. Was minister of Transport (1986–1990) during José Sarney's presidency. Tavares currently serves as federal deputy.
# KAMAS (program)

KAMAS, an acronym for Knowledge and Mind Amplification System, from Compusophic Systems, then Kamasoft (Aloha, Oregon), was, in the 1980s the most influential outliner or outline processor, and the first for CP/M. It was a type of word processor that edited outline elements, enabling showing, hiding, promotion, demotion, and moving (cutting and pasting) of outline trees ("branches"). Each string of text occupied a "leaf". While some modern word processing programs include limited outline capability, none has the features of KAMAS. A number of outline processors exist for MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, and the Apple Mac platforms. None has achieved a significant market share, or the enthusiastic user base which supported KAMAS.
Adam Trent was president of Kamasoft and the central figure in the development of the program. The initial price was $147.
In addition to the outline processor, KAMAS was also released with a programming language, a threaded interpreter most similar to FORTH. It was found to be "complex and not easily learned," and most purchasers of KAMAS never used it.
A simpler version without the programming facilities, Out-Think, was released in 1986. The code was retooled for 8080 and NEC V20 and V30 compatibility (KAMAS required a Zilog Z80). The price was $69.95; the price for KAMAS had dropped to $99.95.
Some disks of auxiliary utility programs were sold.
KAMAS, released in 1984, was the last important application written for the CP/M operating system. Its "home" computer was the Kaypro. An MS-DOS version was released, without the programming language.
The only output was print, or an untagged file image of the printed output, which required extensive editing to import into a word processing program. Except for a limited export in the MS-DOS version to other outline processors such as ThinkTank, there was no file export mechanism preserving the outline structure, nor did any third party develop a converter.
# Vedran Pavlek

Vedran Pavlek (born 27 April 1973 in Zagreb) is a former Croatian World Cup Alpine ski racer. He has been Director of the Croatian Alpine Ski Team and the Croatian Alpine Ski Pool in the Croatian Ski Association since 1998.

## Life and career

Vedran Pavlek is a former Alpine racer who himself participated in three Olympic Winter Games and three FIS Alpine World Ski Championships as well as numerous FIS Ski World Cup events. He was an olympic flag bearer for Croatia at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. Pavlek has also been Member of the FIS Alpine Executive Board since 2008 and General Manager of the Organizing Committee of the Audi FIS Alpine Ski World Cup slalom races in Zagreb since 2005. Furthermore, he led the Croatian Alpine Ski Team at three editions of the Olympic Winter Games (2002, 2006, 2010) where the team won a total of four gold medals and five silver medals. Pavlek has studied business administration and management at the University of Zagreb.
# Halima Mdee

Halima James Mdee (born 18 March 1978) is a Tanzanian politician and a special seat women representative MP from CHADEMA serving since 2020.
Mdee was a Member of Parliament for Kawe constituency from 2010 to 2020 when she lost her seat to Bishop Josephat Gwajima. In 2020 Mdee was appointed a special seat MP for CHADEMA together with 18 others in a very controversial list which led to the conflicts between them and their political party. The conflict was because CHADEMA denied having appointed the 19 Special seat MP's. Due to the misunderstanding between Halima Mdee together with her fellow newly appointed special seat MP visa vis their political party, CHADEMA through its Central Committee expelled Halima Mdee and other 18 MPs from the Party. Following the decision of the CHADEMA central committee Halima Mdee and other 18 MPs appealed to the CHADEMA Governing Council to challenge the decision of the Central Committee. On 11 May 2022 the CHADEMA Governing Council anonymously confirmed and or upheld the decision of the Central Committee The 19 MPs who were expelled are Halima Mdee, Esther Matiko, Grace Tendega, Cecilia Pareso, Esther Bulaya, Agnesta Lambart Kaiza, Nusrat Hanje, Jesca Kishoa, Hawa Mwaifunga, Tunza Malapo and Asya Mwadini Mohammed.
Others are Felister Njau, Nagenjwa Kaboyoka, Sophia Mwakagenda, Kunti Majala, Stella Fiyao, Anatropia Theonest, Salome Makamba and Conchesta Rwamlaza. Following the expulsion Chadema General secretary John Mnyika wrote a letter to the Speaker of the National Assembly so that she can declare that the 19 mps have lost qualifications of being members of Parliament as per Tanzanian 1977 Constitution. But despite that fact on 13 May 2022 the 19 MPs continued to attend the Parliament sessions in Dodoma.
On 16 May 2022 the Speaker of the National Assembly Tulia Akson Mwansasu declined to declare that the seats of the 19 Special seat MP'S from CHADEMA are vacant citing the injunction which was filed in court. According to the Speaker, the Parliament can not interferes with the court decisions. On 22 June 2022 the High Court of Tanzania delivered a ruling dismissing a case filed by Halima Mdee and 18 other MPs seeking the leave of the court to challenge the decision of the CHADEMA Governing Council by way of Judicial review. In his decision Judge Mgeta cited irregularities being the main reason for dismissal of the said petition, asserting that the MPs addressed the wrong respondent who in law supposed to be the "Registered trustee of Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo" and not the Board of Trustees of Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo as it was indicated in the petition
# Saunders King

Saunders Samuel King (March 13, 1909 – August 31, 2000) was an American R&B and blues guitarist and singer.

## Life and career

Saunders King was born in Staples, Caddo Parish, Louisiana. His parents, Bishop Judge L. King and Sarah Anasilistine King built a church in Louisiana before moving the family to Texas and then to Oroville, California. After building a church there, the family moved to Oakland, California and started Christ Holy Sanctified Church on 7th Street. As a youngster he learned to play piano, banjo and ukulele and sang in the church, but did not pick up guitar until 1938. At the end of the 1930s he sang with the Southern Harmony Four Gospel Quartet on NBC radio, and began playing the guitar in 1938. King released the tune "S.K. Blues" (originally titled "Saunders Blues") in 1942, which became a major nationwide hit. The tune featured electric blues guitar, one of the earliest recordings to do so.
The lyrics begin:
    "Come here, pretty baby, and put your fine mellow body on my knee... I wanna whisper in your ear and tell you things keep worrying me." King was known for his smooth, velvety voice and flawless performances, whether with a sextet or trio. King's guitar of choice was a modified Gibson ES-300.
The track was later recorded by both Jimmy Witherspoon and Big Joe Turner.
King traveled to Chicago and performed at the Cafe Society. He met and married Jo Frances Willis in 1948. The couple had two daughters: Kitsaun Jo King and Deborah Sara King and raised them in San Francisco, California. King continued to perform at the Savoy, Club Alabam, Jack's on Sutter, on NBC Radio, and at the Geary Theater. He recorded for Aladdin Records, Modern Records, and Rhythm Records, and had two US Billboard R&B chart hits in 1949 with "Empty Bedroom Blues" (number 9) and "Stay Gone Blues" (number 14). He retired from active performance in 1961, devoting himself to his family and playing his guitar Sundays in the family church. In 1973, his daughter Deborah King married Carlos Santana, and, in 1979, King recorded with his son-in-law on the album Oneness.
King suffered a stroke in 1989. He and his wife Jo Frances lived in San Rafael and he died in August 2000 at age 91.
# Faraday wave

Faraday waves, also known as Faraday ripples, named after Michael Faraday (1791–1867), are nonlinear standing waves that appear on liquids enclosed by a vibrating receptacle. When the vibration frequency exceeds a critical value, the flat hydrostatic surface becomes unstable. This is known as the Faraday instability. Faraday first described them in an appendix to an article in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in 1831.
If a layer of liquid is placed on top of a vertically oscillating piston, a pattern of standing waves appears which oscillates at half the driving frequency, given certain criteria of instability. This relates to the problem of parametric resonance. The waves can take the form of stripes, close-packed hexagons, or even squares or quasiperiodic patterns. Faraday waves are commonly observed as fine stripes on the surface of wine in a wine glass that is ringing like a bell. Faraday waves also explain the 'fountain' phenomenon on a singing bowl.
The Faraday wave and its wavelength is analogous to the de Broglie wave with the de Broglie wavelength in de Broglie–Bohm theory in the field of quantum mechanics.

## Application

Faraday waves are used as a liquid-based template for directed assembly of microscale materials including soft matter, rigid bodies, biological entities (e.g., individual cells, cell spheroids and cell-seeded microcarrier beads). Unlike solid-based template, this liquid-based template can be dynamically changed by tuning vibrational frequency and acceleration and generate diverse sets of symmetrical and periodic patterns.
This phenomenon is also used by alligators to call mates. They vibrate their lungs at low frequencies slightly below the surface, causing their spikes to move and induce surface waves. These surface waves are basically Faraday waves and one can observe the splashing effect characteristic of certain resonances.
This effect can also be used for mixing two liquids acoustically. Faraday waves form on the interface between the two liquids, which increases the surface area between the two, rapidly and thoroughly mixing the liquids.
# Caesar Cervin

Caesar Cervin is a retired American soccer midfielder. He played professionally in the Major Indoor Soccer League, United Soccer League and Southwest Indoor Soccer League (SISL). He later coached teams in the SISL where he was the 1991 Coach of the Year, USISL, Lone Star Soccer Alliance and was a fourteen-year assistant coach with the Dallas Sidekicks.

## Player

While born in Texas, Cervin grew up in Mexico. After graduating from high school, he attended Southern Methodist University where he played on the men's soccer team. In 1978, he signed with the Cleveland Force of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He then played an unknown number of seasons with the Wichita Wings. In 1981, he signed with the Dallas Tornado of the North American Soccer League, but saw no first team games. In March 1982, he signed with the Oklahoma City Slickers of the American Soccer League. In June 1982, the Slickers released him after he failed to enter a game. He returned to Dallas where he was a "part-owner of an automotive repair shop". In 1985, he played for the Dallas Americans in the United Soccer League. In 1989, he signed with the Addison Arrows of the Southwest Indoor Soccer League. In 1990, he both coached and played for the FC Dallas of the Lone Star Soccer Alliance.

## Coach

In 1982, Norman High School hired Cervin as head coach of the boys' soccer team. In 1990, he coached FC Dallas in the Lone Star Soccer Alliance. He took Dallas to the LSSA championship where they fell to the Oklahoma City Spirit. Later that year, he was hired by the Dallas Sidekicks of Major Indoor Soccer League as an assistant coach. He remained with the Sidekicks until 2004. In 1991, he coached the Fort Worth Kickers in the Southwest Independent Soccer League. He was the SISL Coach of the Year. During the 1994-1995 USISL season, he coached the expansion Mesquite Kickers. In 1996, he returned to the Fort Worth Kickers, now known as the Dallas Lightning. On September 9, 2008, the Texas Outlaws of the Professional Arena Soccer League hired Cervin.