OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Convers Francis

Convers Francis (November 9, 1795 – April 17, 1863) was an American Unitarian minister from Watertown, Massachusetts.

## Life and work

He was born the son of Susannah Rand Francis and Convers Francis, and named after his father. His sister, Lydia Maria, later became an important reformer.
Francis studied to become a minister at Harvard Divinity School. He was minister of the Watertown, Massachusetts, Unitarian Church from 1819 to 1842. Francis taught Theodore Parker beginning in 1832 and preached at his ordination ceremony in 1840. Francis encouraged Parker when his translations and books were not selling well. He wrote of his "astonishment at your labors and learning", but criticized the recent lack of interest in reading, writing "the cry is all for action—for doing something, not moping over books as they say".
Both Francis and Parker joined the Transcendental Club in the 1830s, an organization which included members such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and Margaret Fuller.
One of the elders of the group, in fact the eldest member who was also a moderator of the Club, Francis influenced other members. Preaching at a time when Unitarians were breaking into sometimes-hostile factions in New England, he wrote that "the condition of things with us in the religious world is anything but pleasant... The cauldron is kept boiling, & all sorts of materials are thrown into it".
After 1842, Francis was Parkman Professor of Pulpit Eloquence at Harvard. His books and writings include Christianity as a Purely Internal Principle, Life of John Eliot, Apostle to the Indians and A Historical Sketch of Watertown (1830). In May 1833, Francis delivered "Popery and its kindred Principles unfriendly to the Improvement of Man" as a Dudleian Lecture in Cambridge.
In 1863 Francis donated two thousand six hundred books to the Harvard libraries. In a study of Francis' reconstructed library Carlson and Russell noted, "Francis was a bibliophile’s bibliophile. He loved books: he read them, collected them, loaned them, borrowed them, discussed them, and wrote them."
He died in 1863, one year after Transcendental Club co-member Henry David Thoreau died.
# 2017 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States handed down sixteen per curiam opinions during its 2017 term, which began October 2, 2017, and concluded September 30, 2018.
Because per curiam decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these opinions all lack the attribution of authorship or joining votes to specific justices. All justices on the Court at the time the decision was handed down are assumed to have participated and concurred unless otherwise noted.

## Court membership

Chief Justice: John Roberts
Associate Justices: Anthony Kennedy (retired July 31, 2018), Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch

## Kernan v. Cuero

583 U.S. ___ Decided November 6, 2017. Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded.

## Dunn v. Madison

583 U.S. ___ Decided November 6, 2017. Eleventh Circuit reversed.
Ginsburg filed a concurrence, joined by Breyer and Sotomayor. Breyer filed a concurrence.

## In re United States

583 U.S. ___ Decided December 20, 2017. Ninth Circuit vacated and remanded.

## Tharpe v. Sellers

583 U.S. ___ Decided January 8, 2018. Eleventh Circuit vacated and remanded.
Thomas filed a dissent, joined by Alito and Gorsuch.

## CNH Industrial N. V. v. Reese

583 U.S. ___ Decided February 20, 2018. Sixth Circuit reversed and remanded.

## Kisela v. Hughes

584 U.S. ___ Decided April 2, 2018. Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded.
Sotomayor filed a dissent, joined by Ginsburg.

## United States v. Microsoft Corp.

584 U.S. ___ Decided April 17, 2018. Second Circuit vacated and remanded.

## Azar v. Garza

584 U.S. ___ Decided June 4, 2018. District of Columbia Circuit vacated and remanded.

## Benisek v. Lamone

585 U.S. ___ Decided June 18, 2018. District Court for the District of Maryland affirmed.

## Sause v. Bauer

585 U.S. ___ Decided June 28, 2018. Tenth Circuit reversed and remanded.

## Sexton v. Beaudreaux

585 U.S. ___ Decided June 28, 2018. Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded.
Breyer dissented without separate opinion.

## North Carolina v. Covington

585 U.S. ___ Decided June 28, 2018. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Thomas filed a dissent.
# Bling Bling (song)

"Bling Bling" is a song by New Orleans rapper B.G., released by Cash Money and Universal Records on March 13, 1999 as both his debut single and the lead single for his fourth studio album, Chopper City in the Ghetto (1999). It features Cash Money labelmates Hot Boys and Big Tymers.
"Bling Bling" peaked at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and yielded B.G.'s furthest commercial success as a solo artist.

## Critical reception

In 2013, Complex added the song in its list of nineteen great songs made by teenage rappers in the last 19 years. Complex editor Kyle Kramer said "Featuring carefree money boasts over a spry Mannie Fresh beat, the song still sounds relevant today in the Young Money era, proving the staying power of both diamonds and youth."

## Charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 36 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 13 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 10 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 11 |
# Agent Z and the Penguin from Mars

Agent Z and the Penguin from Mars is a 1996 Children's BBC sitcom, based on the book of the same name by Mark Haddon.
The six-episode series followed the exploits of Ben Simpson, played by Duncan Barton, and his friends Barney, played by Andrew McKay, and Jenks, played by Reggie Yates, who together formed the "Crane Grove Gang", named after the street where they lived. This was a society dedicated to playing ingenious practical jokes in an initiative called "Agent Z".

## Plot

Following the arrival of an unpleasant and dull new astronomer neighbour Dennis Sidebottom, a supposed lottery winner, the gang plot their biggest ever practical joke: an elaborate conspiracy involving a penguin stolen from a supermarket Christmas display, an alien from Mars, a spaceship and a "message for mankind" carved on a meteorite.
The series also included a number of subplots, such as Ben's infatuation with Sidebottom's pianist daughter, Samantha, and the thieving activities of the Sidebottom's disturbing son, Tod – on one occasion he is caught shoplifting a large quantity of Dolly Parton albums.
It was also notable for its realisations of Ben's fevered imagination, which led to extravagant dream sequences, such as a recurring image of him as a millionaire, complete with a well-spoken butler called Finlay, and another featuring Sidebottom as a vampire.

## Broadcast

The series was first shown on Wednesdays from 3 January 1996 to 7 February 1996. Although well received it has not been repeated, nor released to DVD, despite the renewed interest in the work of Mark Haddon following the publication of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time.
Haddon said of his experience on creating the TV series: "The two lasting things I got from the experience were a) a plastic meteorite and b) a friendship with the producer, Marilyn Fox, which kick-started my script-writing career."
# We Could Be the Same

"We Could Be the Same" (Turkish: Aynı Olabiliriz) is a song by Turkish band maNga. It represented Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 held in Oslo, placing second.
There are 3 versions available on official CD single, called as Brussels (Eurovision version), Istanbul (Single version), and Stockholm (Extended version).

## Selection

On 7 January 2010, Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) announced that it had internally selected maNga as its representatives in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. In February 2010, maNga submitted three songs to TRT, all of them in English. TRT announced "We Could Be the Same" as the selected song on 3 March.

## Music video

The music video for the song was filmed on the Bosporus Strait opposite the Golden Horn on board an oil tanker. Then unknown top model Zeynep Arı appears in the video.

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 29 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 56 |
| Turkey (Türkiye Single Top 100) | 1 |
| United Kingdom (UK Singles Chart) | 129 |
# Falborz-Kolonia

Falborz-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brześć Kujawski, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Russell Henderson

Russell Audley Ferdinand "Russ" Henderson MBE (7 January 1924 – 18 August 2015) was a jazz musician on the piano and the steelpan. Originally from Trinidad and Tobago, he settled in England in the 1950s. He is most widely recognised as one of the founding figures of the Notting Hill Carnival in London, United Kingdom.

## Biography

Russell Henderson was born in Belmont, Port-of-Spain, where he grew up. He founded the Russell Henderson Quartet in the 1940s and was soon well known in Trinidad, accompanying calypsonians such as Lord Pretender, Mighty Growler and Roaring Lion. He was also pianist for Beryl McBurnie's dance troupe at the Little Carib Theatre in Woodbrook, and taught melodies to the steelpan pioneer Ellie Mannette of Invaders Steelband.
In 1951, Henderson travelled to England to study piano tuning at the North London Polytechnic.
He settled in England and founded Britain's first steelband combo (The Russ Henderson Steel Band) with Mervyn Constantine and Sterling Betancourt in late 1952. They played their first gig at The Sunset Club at 50 Carnaby Street. Other compatriots Henderson worked with in the early London days were calypsonians Lord Kitchener and Young Tiger.
From 1962 Henderson began playing on Sunday lunchtimes at the Coleherne pub on Old Brompton Road, Earls Court, where he wa joined by other West Indian jazz musicians including Joe Harriott and Shake Keane. Henderson was vitally involved in building up Notting Hill Carnival, having played at the first Children's Carnival there in 1964. In 1966, a street party for neighbourhood children turned into a carnival procession when Henderson decided to liven things up by leading his steel band down the street, followed by a growing crowd.
He was a friend of the 606 Club in London, where he performed a monthly show with his revised jazz quartet, sharing the evening with the Al Whynette Band. In his retirement Henderson gave numerous interviews with BBC Radio 4 and BBC Four on his Notting Hill past.
Russell Henderson died on 18 August 2015 at the age of 91.

## Honours

In 2006, Henderson was appointed a member of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire for Services to Music.
On Friday, 24 August 2012, just prior to the Notting Hill Carnival weekend, the Nubian Jak Community Trust organised the unveiling of two blue plaques in Notting Hill at the junction of Tavistock Road known as "Carnival Square", to honour the contributions to the development of Carnival by two "living giants": Russell Henderson, the Trinidadian musician who led the first carnival parade in 1965, and Leslie Palmer, also from Trinidad and Tobago, who is credited with helping transform the local community festival into an internationally recognised event.

## Film

* The Pan Man: Russell Henderson – 22-minute documentary, directed by Michael McKenzie (2009)London
# De Cive

De Cive ('On the Citizen') is one of Thomas Hobbes's major works. The book was published originally in Latin from Paris in 1642, followed by two further Latin editions in 1647 from Amsterdam. The English translation of the work made its first appearance four years later (London 1651) under the title Philosophicall rudiments concerning government and society.
It anticipates themes of the better-known Leviathan. The famous phrase bellum omnium contra omnes ('war of all against all') appeared first in De Cive.

## Background

De Cive is the first of a trilogy of works written by Hobbes dealing with human knowledge, the other two works in the trilogy being De Corpore ('On the Body'), published in 1655, and De Homine ('On Man'), published in 1658. Because of the political turmoil of the time, namely the unrest leading up to the Civil War of 1642, Hobbes hastily "ripened and plucked" the work which would systematically come last: De Cive. This work comprises three parts: Libertas ('Liberty'), Imperium ('Dominion'), and Religio ('Religion'). In the first part, he describes man's natural condition, dealing with the natural laws; in the second, the necessity of establishing a stable government is indicated. Finally, in the third part, he writes about religion.

## Publication

De Cive was finished in November 1641 – before the English Civil War (thus arguments repeated a decade later in Leviathan cannot exclusively be influenced by that war). The book was published in Latin in 1642; a revised edition appeared in 1647. It was translated into English, entitled Philosophicall Rudiments Concerning Government and Society (published in 1651). John Aubrey testifies that Hobbes translated part of the work into English himself with such success that an intended translator would rather leave Hobbes to do the job; it is not certain whether this was indeed the case.
The edition of the work by H. Warrender (Latin and English versions; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983) is at present standard.
# Amir Alexander

Amir Alexander (Hebrew: אמיר אלכסנדר) is a historian, author, and academic who studies the interconnections between mathematics and its cultural and historical setting.

## Early life and education

Born in Rehovot, Israel, he grew up in Jerusalem where his father, Shlomo Alexander, was a professor of physics at the UCLA and the Hebrew University and his mother, Esther Alexander, was an economist and social activist.$^{:xv}$ He obtained a B.S. from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1988 in mathematics and history, before moving to the United States, where he obtained an M.A. in history of science from Stanford University in 1990, and a Ph.D. in history of science from Stanford University in 1996.

## Career

His first book, Geometrical Landscapes: The Voyages of Discovery and the Transformation of Mathematical Practice, was published in 2002. The book describes the 17th century English exploration of the Americas, the early exploration by English mathematicians of infinitesimals, and the relationship between the two, and argued that "If a strong relationship can be established between an historically specific nonmathematical tale and the narrative of a mathematical work that originated within its social sphere, then mathematics can indeed be said to be fundamentally shaped by its social and cultural setting."
His second book, Duel at Dawn: Heroes, Martyrs, and the Rise of Modern Mathematics, was published in 2010. The book begins describing the death of Evariste Galois in a duel in 1832 and makes the argument that the ideas and culture of the Romantic age influenced the way mathematicians saw themselves and the very mathematics that they created.
His third book, Infinitesimal: How a Dangerous Mathematical Theory Shaped the Modern World was published in 2014. The book returns to the topic of the history of the study of infinitesimals in the 17th century, and locates arguments about the validity of the mathematical concept in the struggles between Roman Catholics and Protestants in the Reformation and Counter-Reformation and the accompanying political struggles between authoritarian and more pluralistic approaches to governing. Infinitesimal was selected as one of the best science books of 2014 by Library Journal and by Slate magazine. His fourth book, Proof!: How the World Became Geometrical, was published in 2019. His fifth book, "Liberty's Grid" was published in 2024 by the University of Chicago Press.
He has contributed pieces to The New York Times's Science and Book Reviews sections, The Los Angeles Times Op-Ed section, and Scientific American, and he has been interviewed on NPR's All Things Considered, and Interfaith Voices.

## Personal life

Alexander lives in Los Angeles with his wife and two children. He teaches history at UCLA.
# Samuel Penney House

The Samuel Penney House is a historic house at 78 Maple Street in Mechanic Falls, Maine. The house was completed in 1902 to design by William R. Miller and is considered the finest example of his residential work. It was originally one of three identical houses that stood side by side until the early 1920s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

## Description and history

The Penney House is located on the west side of the Mechanic Falls village, at the southern corner of Maple and Summer Streets. It is a high-style 2+1⁄2-story Georgian Revival structure, with a dormered hip roof, clapboard siding, and a foundation of brick and granite. Its principal feature is a full-height elaborate portico projecting from the front, with two-story Corinthian columns and pilasters supporting a fully pedimented and modillioned gable with a floral design at its center. This portico shelters a Palladian window at the second level, and partially covers a single-story porch that extends over the main entrance, with clustered Corinthian columns for support. Ground floor windows are topped by entablatures decorated with swags, and topped by projecting cornices. The interior continues the high quality workmanship, with decorative plasterwork and woodwork, and a stained glass window at the landing of the main staircase.
The house was designed by Lewiston architect William R. Miller, and was is first residential commission. It is an extraordinarily rich Colonial Revival building for a relatively modest formerly industrial village setting in the state, but also typical of Miller's flamboyant style. It is one of three nearly identical houses designed by Miller for the Penney brothers, owners of a local factory that built steam engines and boilers. The house of Almont Penney was destroyed by fire, and that of Charles Penney was moved and partly dismembered in the 1940s. The present house, when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, still used original knob-and-tube wiring installed when the house was built, and portions of its original steam heating plant (presumably manufactured by the Penney's plant) were also still in use.
# Peter Kokotowitsch

Peter Kokotowitsch (Serbo-Croatian: Petar Kokotović / Петар Кокотовић; 8 October 1890 – 12 July 1968) was a Croatian Serb wrestler. He competed for Austria in the middleweight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Afterwards, he emigrated to the United States, where he adopted US citizanship and changed his name to Peter Kovick on 27 March 1929.
He spent his business career in the U.S. with the Continental Can Company, and became a division manager before retiring in 1954. He later worked as a consultant to the Campbell Soup Company. Kovick also became active with Serbian-American organizations and helped displaced refugees who came to the United States after World War II.
# Henryk Dąbrowski (footballer)

Henryk Dąbrowski (24 November 1924 – 16 November 1983) is a former Polish footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He spent his career playing for four teams split between the cities of Starogard Gdański and Gdańsk. He made 2 appearances in Poland's top division during his career.

## Biography

Dąbrowski was born in Starogard Gdański during the Second Polish Republic. By the time World War 2 broke out Dąbrowski was aged 15, however it is known that when he was old enough he took part in the North African campaign and the Italian campaign. For his efforts during the war Dąbrowski was awarded the Order Virtuti Militari, the Africa Star, the Italy Star, and the Monte Cassino Commemorative Cross.
After the war he returned to his hometown where he played for SKS Starogard until 1947, when he joined Wierzyca Starogard. After a season with Wierzyca he moved to Gdańsk to play for Gedania Gdańsk, once again moving the season after to join Lechia Gdańsk. It was with the club that on 14 August 1949 he made his I liga debut playing against Cracovia in a 1–1 draw. Two weeks later it is known he also played the full match against Polonia Warsaw in an away defeat. Dąbrowski couldn't help Lechia survive relegation that season, but was among the first squad to ever play for the club in Poland's top division, and is still in an elite group of Lechia goalkeepers to play in the Ekstraklasa for the club. After three years with Lechia he returned to Gedania Gdańsk until retiring from playing in 1956. It is also known that he managed Ogniwo Sopot at some point after retiring.
He died on 16 November 1983 in Gdańsk and is buried in the Oliwa district of the city.

## Awards

* Virtuti Militari
* Africa Star
* Italy Star
* Monte Cassino Commemorative Cross
# Filipki, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Filipki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Choceń, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# 1957 Israeli presidential election

An election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 28 October 1957 following the end of Yitzhak Ben-Zvi's five-year term in office. Ben-Zvi stood again, and it was suggested that Yosef Yoel Rivlin (father of future president Reuven Rivlin) would run against him as a representative of Herut. However, in the end Rivlin did not participate in the election.
Although Ben-Zvi was the only candidate, a vote was still held. He was re-elected with 76 of the 94 ballots cast; the other 18 votes were blank ballots. 26 Knesset members did not vote.
Ben-Zvi's second term began on the day of the election.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Yitzhak Ben-Zvi | Mapai | 76 | 100.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 76 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 76 | 80.85 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 0 | 0.00 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | Blank votes | 18 | 19.15 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 94 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 120 | 78.33 |
# Tullio Biscuola

Tullio Biscuola (12 July 1894 – 13 February 1963) was an Italian marathon runner.

## Biography

Biscuola competed in the marathon at the 1924 Summer Olympics, which was his only cap for the national team. In the town of Rovigo a sport venue is dedicated to his memory.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Performance | Note |
| 1924 | Olympic Games | Paris | 22nd | Marathon | 3:19:05 | |