OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bhaskar Sunkara

Bhaskar Sunkara (born June 1989) is an American political writer. He is the founding editor of Jacobin, the president of The Nation, and publisher of Catalyst: A Journal of Theory and Strategy and London's Tribune. He is a former vice-chair of the Democratic Socialists of America and the author of The Socialist Manifesto: The Case for Radical Politics in an Era of Extreme Inequality as well as a columnist for The Guardian US.

## Early life

Sunkara was born in the United States to parents of Indian ancestry who had immigrated to the US from Trinidad and Tobago a year before he was born. His father was a migrant from Andhra Pradesh while his mother's family had migrated to the island in the 19th century as indentured labourers from Punjab and Bihar. Sunkara credited his politicization to his reading as a teenager: from George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm he developed an interest in Leon Trotsky, reading his autobiography and Isaac Deutscher's three-volume biography, before progressing to the New Left, including thinkers such as Lucio Magri, Ralph Miliband, Perry Anderson and the journal New Left Review. He joined the Democratic Socialists of America at the age of 17, becoming editor of the DSA youth section's blog The Activist. He went on to study history at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where he conceived the idea of Jacobin: after his sophomore year, he missed two semesters due to illness during which time he read Marxist works.

## Career

By the summer of 2010, he was preparing to return to his studies and inspired to create the magazine, which launched online in September of that year and in print at the beginning of 2011. Sunkara described Jacobin as a radical publication, "largely the product of a younger generation not quite as tied to the Cold War paradigms that sustained the old leftist intellectual milieus like Dissent or New Politics". The New York Times interviewed Sunkara in January 2013, commenting on Jacobin's unexpected success and engagement with mainstream liberalism. In late 2014, he was interviewed by New Left Review on the political orientation and future trajectory of the publication and in March 2016 was featured in a lengthy Vox profile. Sunkara writes for Vice magazine, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Vox, Foreign Policy, and The Nation, among other outlets. He has appeared on the PBS Tavis Smiley program, MSNBC's Up with Chris Hayes, and the FX show Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell.
On February 23, 2022, The Nation named Sunkara to the role of president, replacing Erin O'Mara. In June 2023, Sunkara led The Nation's relaunch of Bookforum magazine.

## Awards and recognition

In 2020, Sunkara was named to Fortune magazine's "40 Under 40" list under the "Government and Politics" category.
# North Fork Merced River

The North Fork Merced River is a tributary of the Merced River in Mariposa County, California. The river originates in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in the Stanislaus National Forest and flows generally south through a canyon to join the Merced River near Bagby.
# Manuel Cedeño

Manuel Cedeño (6 May 1780 in Cardonal, Aragua state, Venezuela – 24 June 1821 in Battle of Carabobo, Venezuela) was an officer of the Venezuelan Patriot army who reached the position of Division General, who distinguished himself in the Venezuelan War of Independence.

## Biography

He was the youngest of the two children of the peasants Manuel Antonio Cedeño and Juana Hernández.
In 1810, he joined the Patriot troops fighting against the Spanish Royalist troops, participating in almost all the battles that occurred in Venezuela between 1813 and 1817.
With José Francisco Bermúdez he took the city of Angostura, evacuated by the Royalists after a long siege on 7 July 1817. By order of Simón Bolívar, he arrested dissident General Manuel Piar in Aragua de Maturín and transferred him to Angostura to be tried by a military court and executed.
In 1818 he accompanied Bolívar in the Central Campaign, winning the Battle of Calabozo (12 February), but suffering defeat at Laguna de los Patos (20 May). He was a deputy of the Congress of Angostura between 15 February 1819 and 31 July 1821.
As a general, he led the II Division of the Army in the Battle of Carabobo (24 June 1821). After the battle was won, Cedeño wanted to stop the retreat of the Royalist Valencey Battalion, but was hit by a bullet and died that same day.
Since 16 December 1942, his remains rest in the National Pantheon of Venezuela.

## Sources

* Busca biografias
* Venezuela Tuya
* Scribd
# Moss Run (Little Muskingum River tributary)

Moss Run is a stream in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a tributary to the Little Muskingum River.
Variant names were "Little Morse Run" and "Morse Run". The stream was named after a man with the name Morse, who produced chestnut shingles.
# Étienne Bally

Étienne Marcel Bally (17 April 1923 – 10 January 2018) was a French sprinter and a European champion over 100 metres. He was born in Vénissieux.
Bally's first major competition was the 1946 European Championships held in Oslo, where he finished fourth in the final of the 100 metres—his time was equal to that of the bronze medalist, Carlo Monti. He also competed at the 1948 Olympics in London, where he reached the quarter-final of the 200 metres, but he failed to finish his heat of the 100 metres.
Bally's achieved his greatest success at the 1950 European Championships in Brussels, where he won gold in the 100 metres and silver in both the 200 metres and the 4x100 metres—he ran the first leg of the final and was followed by Jacques Perlot, Yves Camus and Jean-Pierre Guillon. His final major championships were the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, where he reached the quarter-finals of both the 100 metres and the 200 metres and finished fifth in the final of the 4x100 metres.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing France ||||||
| 1952 | Olympics | Helsinki, Finland | 4th, Qtr 2 | 100 m | 10.98/10.8 |
# Patrick Biggs

Patrick Biggs (born 11 October 1982) is a Canadian alpine skier.
Born in Berwick, Australia, Biggs has twice finished in the top 10 in the slalom at World Cup events, both in 2005 and has won multiple medals at the Canadian championships in slalom. He participated in the 2006 Olympics, finishing 10th in the first run, but failing to finish the second. He has also competed in two Alpine Skiing World Championships, ending up 9th in the slalom on both occasions, in 2005 and 2007 He competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada.
# TPP

TPP may refer to:

## Science and technology
### Chemistry

* Tripolyphosphate, a sodium salt of the polyphosphate penta-anion
* Thiamine pyrophosphate, an enzyme cofactor
* Tetraphenylporphyrin, a synthetic heterocyclic compound that resembles naturally occurring porphyrins
* Triphenylphosphine, an organophosphorus compound commonly used in chemical synthesis

### Computing and mathematics

* Tangential proper part, a relation in region connection calculus
* Targeted projection pursuit, a statistical technique for data exploration, feature selection and information visualisation
* Transformation Priority Premise, a programming approach that simplifies test-driven development
* Traveling purchaser problem, an NP-hard problem generalizing the traveling salesman problem
* Trans-Proteomic Pipeline, open-source bioinformatics software

### Energy

* Thermal power plant is a power station in which heat energy is converted to electric power.

### Medicine

* Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a disorder of the blood-coagulation system
* Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, a condition featuring attacks of muscle weakness in the presence of hyperthyroidism

## Entertainment

* Twitch Plays Pokémon, an interactive video channel
* Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, a 2015 stealth video game
* Third-person perspective, a style of virtual camera system for 3D games

## Politics

* Trans-Pacific Partnership, a defunct proposed trade agreement between 12 Pacific Rim countries
** Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, the successor agreement between all original TPP members except the United States
* Taiwan People's Party, a political party in Taiwan
* Two-party-preferred vote, a measure of election outcomes in Australia's preferential-voting system

## Other uses

* Cad. FAP Guillermo del Castillo Paredes Airport (IATA code), Peru
* Total Package Procurement, a former US military systems acquisition policy
* Chartered Transport planning professional (UK), a professional qualification for transport planners
* Terminal Procedures Publication, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's instrument approach procedure
* The Phoenix Partnership, a health software company
* The President's Pleasure (Singapore) (TPP), a legal punishment in Singapore, which serves as indefinite detention of minors or people or unsound mind for capital offences
* Techno Plastic Products AG (TPP), a Swiss manufacturer of plasticware and consumables for cell culture and life science research
# Yan Kuznetsov

Yan Kuznetsov (born 9 March 2002) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing with the Calgary Wranglers in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Playing career

As a youth, Kuznetsov played in his native Russia, within CSKA Moscow under-16 and under-18 programs before moving to North America to continue his development through the United States Hockey League (USHL) with the Sioux Falls Stampede and at the collegiate level.
Following his freshman season with University of Connecticut in the Hockey East, Kuznetsov was selected in the second round, 50th overall by the Calgary Flames in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft.
After his sophomore season, Kuznetsov concluded his collegiate career with the Huskies as he was signed by the Flames to a three-year, entry-level contract on 30 March 2021. He joined the Flames' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Stockton Heat to conclude the season.
Kuznetsov split the 2021-22 season between the Heat and the Saint John Sea Dogs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The Sea Dogs had previously selected Kuznetsov during the 2021 CHL Import Draft.
He returned to the AHL for the 2022-23 season, skating in 63 games for the Flames' new affiliate, the Calgary Wranglers.
On 5 January 2024, the Flames recalled Kuznetsov. He made his NHL debut on 9 January in a 6-3 win against the Ottawa Senators. Kuznetsov was returned to the Wranglers on 14 January following his lone appearance.
On 12 August 2024, the Flames re-signed Kuznetsov to a one-year, $775,000 contract extension.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2017–18 | CSKA Moscow U18 | Russia U18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018–19 | Sioux Falls Stampede | USHL | 34 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019–20 | University of Connecticut | HE | 34 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | University of Connecticut | HE | 16 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | Stockton Heat | AHL | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021–22 | Stockton Heat | AHL | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021–22 | Saint John Sea Dogs | QMJHL | 25 | 2 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 2022–23 | Calgary Wranglers | AHL | 63 | 5 | 14 | 19 | 30 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 2023–24 | Calgary Wranglers | AHL | 63 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 27 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2023–24 | Calgary Flames | NHL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2018 | Russia | U17 | | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
| 2021 | Russia | WJC | 4th | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 13 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
# Ramewal

Ramewal (Punjabi: ਰਾਮੇਵਾਲ) is a village in Nurmahal. Nurmahal is a sub-tehsil in the Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India.

## About

Ramewal village is almost 6 km from Nurmahal. The nearest railway station to Ramewal is Nurmahal Railway station. Most of the occupiers of the village have the last name 'Choongh' or 'Waraich'.

## History of Nurmahal and Jalandhar

Nurmahal was built in a place where an ancient town called Kot Kahlur was located, proven by the bricks and many coins found beneath the soil of this town. It is believed that the ancient city was abandoned or destroyed around 1300 for an unknown reason. Maharaja Jassa Singh Ahluwalia took this city under his control.
Nurmahal is named after Noor Jahan, the wife of Mughal emperor Jahangir (1605–1627) as she was brought up here, and is thought to have spent her childhood here.
Jalandhar and Multan are the oldest surviving cities of the Punjab region, with historical references as far back as 100 AD.

## Immigration to the west

There are many people who reside in the village (pind) of Ramewal and it is respectably populated. Most of those from Ramewal have immigrated to the United Kingdom, United States and Canada.

## Religion

The main religion followed by the majority in Ramewal is Sikhism. The minority are followers of either Islam or Hinduism.

## Developments

Ramewal is a fast-growing village. There are a lot of developments planned for the village in the near future. Currently, the construction of the new Gurdwara is on-going.

## Post code and Std code

The post code and STD code for Ramewal village are 144039 and 01826, respectively.
# Jon Wolfsthal

Jon Wolfsthal is an American security analyst currently serving as director of global risk at the Federation of American Scientists.

## Education

Wolfsthal graduated from the New Lincoln School in Manhattan and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Emory University in 1988. He then attended graduate school at George Washington University.

## Career

Wolfsthal began his career in government service at the United States Department of Energy during the 1990s in a variety of positions, including in North Korea, where he served in roles including as an on-site monitor under the 1994 "Agreed Framework".
From March 2009 to March 2012, Wolfsthal served as a special advisor for Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security in the Office of the Vice President of the United States under Vice President Joe Biden and as Director for Nonproliferation at the National Security Council.
From 2014 to 2017, Wolfsthal served as a special assistant to President Barack Obama and Senior Director for Arms Control and Nonproliferation on the United States National Security Council. In that post, he was the most senior White House official setting and implementing U.S. Government policy on arms control, nonproliferation, and nuclear policy. During his tenure at the White House Office, he developed U.S. nuclear and nonproliferation policy. He was involved in crafting President Obama's Prague speech delivered in April 2009, served on the delegation to the 2010 Nuclear Security Summit, helped negotiate and gain Senate approval of the New START arms control agreement with Russia, helped draft the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review and coordinated U.S. policy for the 2015 NPT Review Conference.
The co-author of Deadly Arsenals: Tracking Weapons of Mass Destruction, he was described by the office of U.S. Vice President Joe Biden as "a globally recognized expert on nuclear security and nonproliferation", He served previously as deputy director of the James C. Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Security at Monterey.
Wolfsthal has taught at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced and International Studies, Georgetown University, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. Wolfsthal is a senior advisor at Global Zero. and non-resident fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
Wolfsthal has written op-ed columns for Foreign Policy, The New York Times, and HuffPost.
As of March 2017, Wolfsthal serves as a member of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists' Science and Security Board.

## Publications

Project Atom 2023: A Competitive Strategies Approach for U.S. Nuclear Posture through 2035, Center for Strategic and International Studies, September 30, 2023 (co-authored with Heather Williams, Kelsey Hartigan, Lachlan MacKenzie, Robert Soofer, Tom Karako, Franklin Miller, Leonor Tomero, and Oriana Skylar Mastro)

## Personal life

Wolfsthal is married to Shanthi Kalathil.
# Mound Creek

Mound Creek is a stream in Brown and Cottonwood counties, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Mound Creek was named for nearby mounds of quartzite.
# Eric Brodnax

Eric Brodnax (born September 7, 1964) was an equestrian who represented the United States Virgin Islands in the individual eventing at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He is a graduate of Princeton University and The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
# Peru men's national under-17 basketball team

The Peru men's national under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of Peru, administered by the Peru Basketball Federation (Spanish: Federación Deportiva Peruana de Basketball) (F.D.P.B.). It represents the country in international under-17 basketball competitions.

## FIBA South America Under-17 Championship for Men participations

| Year | Result |
| 1955 | 7th |
| 1972 | 6th |
| 1973 | 5th |
| 1975 | 6th |
| 1977 | 9th |
| 1982 | 7th |
| 1984 | 7th |
| 1986 | 6th |
| Year | Result |
| 1990 | 5th |
| 1996 | 8th |
| 2000 | 8th |
| 2005 | 6th |
| 2007 | 5th |
| 2013 | 7th |
| 2015 | 9th |
| 2017 | 8th |
# Gale's

Gale's is a United Kingdom brand of honey, currently owned by Premier Foods. The former company had been established in 1919, remaining independent until it was acquired by Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery in 1986.

## History

The company was established in 1919, when Richard Westley Gale (born 1895 in Hendon) of Richmond and Sidney Thomas Rayner of Mortlake started their business as "Rayner & Gale" which was a partnership. The partnership was dissolved on 3 July 1926 and it became "R.W. Gale & Co. Ltd", based in the SW9 district of south London.

### Reckitt & Colman

In 1948 Joseph Farrow & Company of the Carlton Works, Fletton near Peterborough, a subsidiary of Reckitt & Colman that made canned foods (green peas, later marrowfat peas), bought the company. In the early 1960s it introduced a peanut spread called Smooth'n Nutty. In 1962 it introduced mincemeat. It was made in Carrow, Norwich.
For many years Gale's were the UK's biggest manufacturer of honey.

### Rowntree Mackintosh

On 28 November 1986 it was bought by Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery for £11 million, and production moved to Hadfield, Derbyshire. The Norwich site was later owned by Unilever Bestfoods from 1995. The Hadfield Industrial Estate site, next to the River Etherow, had been bought by Rowntree's in June 1967.
Rowntree Mackintosh was bought by Nestlé on 28 June 1988 in a hostile takeover.

### Premier Foods

In May 2002 it was acquired by Premier Foods, when it also bought Rowntree's's Jelly and other Nestlé brands for £132 million. The Hadfield site was closed in the first quarter of 2004, and production moved to the desserts and spreads plant in Cambridgeshire which also made Hartley's jam.
It is now made at Premier Foods plant at Histon, north of Cambridge. It sells around 4 million jars a year. The plant is next to the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway (former Cambridge & St. Ives Branch).

## Marketing

In 1964, when owned by Joseph Farrow, it promoted the idea of stirring some of its honey into hot milk for a nightcap, or to help a sore throat by putting honey into hot water with some lemon juice. In the 1960s the account was handled by JWT.
A jingle used to advertise the honey was: Gale's, Gale's pass the honey please, think about the honey, think about the bees.
It sells strongly in the winter months from November to February each year.

## Varieties

* Gale's Traditional Set Honey
* Gale's Traditional Clear Honey
* Gale's Lemon Curd
# Roman Yampolskiy

Roman Vladimirovich Yampolskiy (Russian: Роман Владимирович Ямпольский; born in Riga, 13 August 1979) is a Latvian computer scientist at the University of Louisville, mostly known for his work on AI safety and cybersecurity. He holds a PhD from the University at Buffalo (2008). He is the founder and current director of Cyber Security Lab, in the department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science at the Speed School of Engineering of the University of Louisville.
Yampolskiy is an author of some 100 publications, including numerous books.

## AI safety

Yampolskiy has warned of the possibility of existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence, and has advocated research into "boxing" artificial intelligence. More broadly, Yampolskiy and his collaborator, Michaël Trazzi, have proposed in 2018 to introduce "Achilles' heels" into potentially dangerous AI, for example by barring an AI from accessing and modifying its own source code. Another proposal is to apply a "security mindset" to AI safety, itemizing potential outcomes in order to better evaluate proposed safety mechanisms.
He has suggested that there is no evidence of a solution to the AI control problem and has proposed pausing AI development, arguing that "Imagining humans can control superintelligent AI is a little like imagining that an ant can control the outcome of an NFL football game being played around it". He joined AI researchers such as Yoshua Bengio and Stuart Russell in signing "Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter".
In an appearance on the Lex Fridman podcast in 2024, Yampolskiy predicted the chance that AI could lead to human extinction at "99.9% within the next hundred years".
Yampolskiy has been a research advisor of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, and an AI safety fellow of the Foresight Institute.

## Intellectology

In 2015, Yampolskiy launched intellectology, a new field of study founded to analyze the forms and limits of intelligence. Yampolskiy considers AI to be a sub-field of this. An example of Yampolskiy's intellectology work is an attempt to determine the relation between various types of minds and the accessible fun space, i.e. the space of non-boring activities.

## AI-Completeness

Yampolskiy has worked on developing the theory of AI-completeness, suggesting the Turing Test as a defining example.

## Books

* Feature Extraction Approaches for Optical Character Recognition. Briviba Scientific Press, 2007, ISBN 0-6151-5511-1
* Computer Security: from Passwords to Behavioral Biometrics. New Academic Publishing, 2008, ISBN 0-6152-1818-0
* Game Strategy: a Novel Behavioral Biometric. Independent University Press, 2009, ISBN 0-578-03685-1
* Artificial Superintelligence: a Futuristic Approach. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), 2015, ISBN 978-1482234435
* AI: Unexplainable, Unpredictable, Uncontrollable. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, 2024, ISBN 978-1032576268