OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bhavakadevi

Bhavakadevi (IAST: Bhāvaka-devī; fl. 12th century or earlier), also known as Bhavadevi, was a Sanskrit poet from present-day India. Her verses are included in early medieval Sanskrit anthologies, including Vidyakara's Subhashita-ratna-kosha, Sadukti-karnamrita, and Kavindra-vachana-samuchchaya.

## Example verses

In the following verse, Bhavakadevi praises a woman's breasts using a political and military image (translation appears in Octavio Paz's In Light of India):
   Her breasts are two brother kings, equal in nobility, looking out from the same heights, side by side, sovereigns of the vast provinces they have won in frontier battles, with a defiant hardness.
Alternative translation by Daniel H. H. Ingalls:
   Her breasts are brother kings, equal in nobility, reared together till they have reached the same altitude of fame; and from their border warfare these monarchs of vast provinces have gained a cursed hardness.
Another verse expresses the feelings of a woman who becomes disillusioned with her lover after marrying him (translation by Daniel H. H. Ingalls):
   At first our bodies knew a perfect oneness, but then grew two: the lover, you, and I, unhappy I, the loved
   Now you are husband, I the wife. What else should come of this my life, a tree too hard to break, if not such bitter fruit?
Alternative translation by R. Parthasarathy:
   How our bodies were one before! Then they grew apart: you the lover, And I, wretched one, the loved.
   Now, you are the husband, I the wife. A broken pledge is all that I'm left with - A bitter fruit hard to swallow.
# Raymond Suvigny

Raymond Suvigny (21 January 1903 – 26 October 1945) was a French weightlifter. He competed at the 1924 and 1932 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1932.
Suvigny took up weightlifting in 1919 while working at the Paris Métro. In 1924 he showed world-level results, but placed only ninth at the 1924 Summer Olympics due to an injury. He came to prominence in 1926, when he won his first national title and set two unofficial world records. He retired after winning the 1932 Olympic gold medal. During World War II he was kept as a prisoner of war and died in a liberated Paris in October 1945.
# Ronald Desruelles

Ronald Desruelles (14 February 1955 – 1 November 2015) was a Belgian athlete. He started as a long jumper, and achieved a personal best of 8.08 in 1979, a national record that stood for 17 years. He then concentrated on the short sprints, and won numerous medals in 60 metres. With 6.57 seconds in 1986 he was ranked third on the indoor top performers list that season. He lost a gold medal at the 1980 European Indoor Championships, however, because of a doping offense. Desruelles won the Belgian 100 metres championships 7 times. He also won the 200 in 1985. In the 1986 European championships in Stuttgart he reached the 100 m semi-final.
Desruelles was born in Antwerp. His brother Patrick Desruelles competed in the men's pole vault. Ronald was found dead in a hotel in Thailand on 1 November 2015, having committed suicide after the failure of his business.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Belgium ||||||
| 1976 | Olympic Games | Montreal, Canada | 17th (q) | Long jump | 7.60 m |
| 1978 | European Indoor Championships | Milan, Italy | 2nd | Long jump | 7.75 m |
| 1980 | European Indoor Championships | Sindelfingen, Germany | disqualified | Long jump | 8.08 m |
| 1984 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 3rd | 60 m | 6.69 |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 17th (h) | 100 m | 10.46 |
| 1985 | World Indoor Games | Paris, France | 3rd | 60 m | 6.64 |
| 1985 | European Indoor Championships | Piraeus, Greece | 3rd | 60 m | 6.68 |
| 1986 | European Indoor Championships | Madrid, Spain | 1st | 60 m | 6.61 |
| 1986 | European Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 13th (sf) | 100 m | 10.43 |
| 1987 | World Indoor Championships | Indianapolis, United States | 6th | 60 m | 6.67 |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 30th (qf) | 100 m | 10.69 |
| 1988 | European Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 2nd | 60 m | 6.60 |
| (#) Indicates overall position in qualifying round (q) qualifying heats (h) quarterfinals (qf) or semifinals (sf) ||||||
Notes:
* Desruelles was the original winner of the long jump at the 1980 European Indoor Championship before being disqualified for a doping violation.
* Desruelles won his first round heat at the 1984 Olympics but withdrew from the second round.
# Lindsay Frelink

Lindsay Frelink (born 6 August 1999) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player (2.0 disability class) and a member of the Netherlands women's national wheelchair basketball team. She won the gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, with the national team.

## Life

Frelink was born with spina bifida. Frelink studied graphic design at Mediacollege Amsterdam. She lives in Heerhugowaard.
Frelink started with wheelchair basketball when she was 12 years old. She made her debut for the national team in 2017 and won in that year the gold medal at the European Championships in Tenerife.
She competed at the 2018 World Championship, and 2017 and 2019 European championships .
# Maikol Yordan de Viaje Perdido

Maikol Yordan Traveling Lost mas conocido como LaBrea BritoFrito Pelicula (Spanish: Maikol Yordan de Viaje Perdido) is a 2014 Costa Rican comedy film produced by the quartet of comedians La Media Docena (The Half Dozen). The film stars Mario Chacon, Daniel Moreno, Erick Hernandez, Edgar Murillo, Natalia Monge and Adal Ramones. The film was directed by Miguel Gómez, and it was released in 2014. It was filmed on locations in Costa Rica, Mexico, England, Italy and France. Maikol Yordan Traveling Lost tells the story of Maikol Yordan Soto Sibaja, a naive and good-natured Costa Rican farmer and his adventures traveling in Europe as he tries to prevent an evil businessman from taking over his family's farm. The film became the most watched Costa Rican film in history.

## Plot

Maikol Yordan Soto Sibaja (Mario Chacón) is a humble farmer who migrates to the city in search of employment. After being unsuccessful, he returns to his home in the countryside where he reunites with his family: his wife Concepción (Natalia Monge) and their eight children, his grandmother Doña Milagro (Anabel Ulloa) and his cousin Heriberto (Boris Alonso). Once there, he learns that the property where he lives is about to be seized for accumulated debts and that there is a businessman named Malavassi (Adal Ramones) who is interested in acquiring the property. Maikol Yordan wins a contest to go to Europe with all his expenses paid and decides to go in order to find a job and ask for financial help from a distant cousin.
Once in Europe, Maikol Yordan is pursued by Cordero (Daniel Moreno), Malavassi's right-hand man, who seeks to thwart Maikol Yordan's plans on several occasions. On his journey through Europe, Maikol Yordan makes several friends who help him meet his cousin: Carolina (María José León), a Colombian waitress who works in a pub in London and is an aspiring model; François (Erik Hernández), a French rogue; and Greivin (Édgar Murillo), a Costa Rican photographer who works in Paris and goes by the name of Jean Luc.
# Carbonate hardness

Carbonate hardness, is a measure of the water hardness caused by the presence of carbonate (CO$^{2−}$ $_3$) and bicarbonate (HCO$^−$ $_3$) anions. Carbonate hardness is usually expressed either in degrees KH (°dKH) (from the German "Karbonathärte"), or in parts per million calcium carbonate ( ppm CaCO $_3$ or grams CaCO $_3$ per litre|mg/L). One dKH is equal to 17.848 mg/L (ppm) CaCO $_3$, e.g. one dKH corresponds to the carbonate and bicarbonate ions found in a solution of approximately 17.848 milligrams of calcium carbonate(CaCO $_3$) per litre of water (17.848 ppm). Both measurements (mg/L or KH) are usually expressed as mg/L CaCO $_3$ – meaning the concentration of carbonate expressed as if calcium carbonate were the sole source of carbonate ions.
An aqueous solution containing 120 mg NaHCO$_3$ (baking soda) per litre of water will contain 1.4285 mmol/l of bicarbonate, since the molar mass of baking soda is 84.007 g/mol. This is equivalent in carbonate hardness to a solution containing 0.71423 mmol/L of (calcium) carbonate, or 71.485 mg/L of calcium carbonate (molar mass 100.09 g/mol). Since one degree KH = 17.848 mg/L CaCO$_3$, this solution has a KH of 4.0052 degrees.
Carbonate hardness should not be confused with a similar measure Carbonate Alkalinity which is expressed in either [milli[equivalent]s] per litre (meq/L) or ppm. Carbonate hardness expressed in ppm does not necessarily equal carbonate alkalinity expressed in ppm.
${\text{Carbonate Alkalinity CA (mg/L)}}=[{\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}]+2\times [{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}]$ whereas
${\text{Carbonate Hardness CH (mg/L)}}=[{\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}]+[{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}]$
However, for water with a pH below 8.5, the CO$_3$$^{2−}$ will be less than 1% of the HCO$_3$$^−$ so carbonate alkalinity will equal carbonate hardness to within an error of less than 1%.
In a solution where only CO$_2$ affects the pH, carbonate hardness can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved CO$_2$ in the solution with the formula CO$_2$ = 3 × KH × 10$^{(7-pH)}$, where KH is degrees of carbonate hardness and CO$_2$ is given in ppm by weight.
The term carbonate hardness is also sometimes used as a synonym for temporary hardness, in which case it refers to that portion of hard water that can be removed by processes such as boiling or lime softening, and then separation of water from the resulting precipitate.
# Hannibal High School (Missouri)

Hannibal High School is a public high school located in Hannibal, Missouri. HHS serves grades 9 through 12 and is the only high school in Hannibal School District #60.

## History

The first public high school in Hannibal was established in 1866. A new building was constructed in 1934; a number of wood doors to classrooms were replaced in late 2018. HVAC units were added in mid 2019.

## Athletics

HHS athletic teams are nicknamed the Pirates and compete in the North Central Missouri Conference. The school has won two state championships, taking the 1930 Class B boys track and field title as well as the 1990 Class 3A/4A softball championship. In 2008, HHS acquired turf field material from the St. Louis Rams.

## Performing arts

Hannibal has a competitive show choir, "River City Revue".

## Notable alumni

* Warren H. Orr, judge on the Supreme Court of Illinois
* Lindell Shumake, legislator
* Larry Thompson, lawyer
* Louis Riggs, Missouri House of Representatives
# Gulabrao Patil

Gulabrao Raghunathrao Patil (16 September 1921 – 21 January 1989) was a Congress Party leader, Member of Parliament (MP)-Rajya Sabha India, Maharashtra State Sangli from 1966 to 1978, Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) of Maharashtra 1983−87 and President of Maharashtra Pradesh Indian National Congress (I) Committee, Mumbai 1981−82.
Patil also served as chairman of Maharashtra State Co-operative Bank in Mumbai from 1980 to 1982, Chairman of Sangli District Cooperative Bank Sangli and Secretary of National Co-operative Union of India (NCUI), New Delhi.

## Introduction

Patil was a Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha (upper house of Indian Parliament) for two terms from 1966 to 1972 and 1972−1978. He was the president of Maharashtra Pradesh Congress(I)-MPCC from 1981 to 1982. Later in his life, he served in the Maharashtra State Member of the Legislative Council- MLC for four years during the period from 1983 to 1987.
Patil also served as chairman of Maharashtra State Co-operative Bank in Mumbai from 1980 to 1982 and Secretary of National Co-operative Union of India (NCUI) from 1973 to 1975, located in New Delhi. He traveled worldwide on behalf of Indian Government to study Co-operative Movements and Agriculture in different countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Korea, and Germany.

## Early life

Gulabrao Patil was born on 16 September 1921 in Benadi, a village on the Maharashtra-Karnataka state border near Kolhapur and Sangli districts. He obtained his BA in English and LLB(Special) from Kolhapur Law college.

## Politics

Patil was mainly active in cooperative sector but like most other leaders of Maharashtra during that era, he became active in state and national politics. He served as Member of Indian Parliament for 12 years and was president of Maharashtra Congress. In 1978, he joined the Indira Gandhi led Congress(I), where he was one of the first from Maharashtra to join Congress(I) at that time. Soon in 1981, Indira Gandhi appointed Patil as president of Maharashtra Pradesh Congress(I) Committee. In next general election Congress(I) won by big margin in Maharashtra under his leadership.
Patil contested Maharashtra Assembly Election in 1980 from Walva Constituency, Sangli District and lost.
In 1983 G.R Patil was appointed as chairman of the Committee for The Rehabilitation of Financial Weak Sugar Factories of Maharashtra, his recommendations helped in reestablishing many sugar factories; this transparent report on Sugar Factories is still considered as most reliable referral today in Maharashtra State.

## Legacy
### Statues and memorials

On 21 January 2013, Sangli District Central Co-operative Banks craftsman Late. Patil's full size bronze statue was unveiled by Prithviraj Chavan, Then Chief Minister, Maharashtra.

### Educational institutes

There is Gulabrao Patil Memorial Trust (GPMT).

## References and further reading

* Gulabrao Patil Member of Parliament-https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/Main.aspx
# Amastra transversalis

Amastra transversalis is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.

## Subspecies

* Amastra transversalis bryani Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1914
* Amastra transversalis transversalis (L. Pfeiffer, 1856)

## Description

The length of the shell attains 12 mm, its diameter 6 mm
The shell is subrimate, ovate-conic, and solid, with closely spaced striations that are faintly decussated by distant, spiral, impressed lines. Its coloration is blackish-red, covered by a tawny-gray epidermis that is interrupted by spots and bands, adding a pattern of visual interest.
The spire is inflated-conic and terminates in an acute apex. The shell consists of 6 whorls, which are slightly convex, with the body whorl making up about two-fifths of the total shell length.
The aperture is slightly oblique and sinuate-oval. The columellar fold is lamelliform, subbasal, and nearly transverse. The peristome is unexpanded, whitish on the interior or delicately edged with a rose tint, enhancing the shell's elegance.
The embryonic whorls are dark red-brown, densely and finely striated vertically. After the first whorl, these striations are crossed by very fine spiral lines, giving a delicate decussate pattern. The body whorl is marked by irregular vertical striae, intersected by incised spiral lines. These spirals vary greatly, ranging from deep, strong, and numerous to faint and sparse, with some shells displaying only trace vestiges that are difficult to discern.
The shell's ground color is a rich dark red-brown, partially obscured by intricate whitish tracery that forms a wonderfully varied pattern. On rare occasions, the ground color is a much lighter shade of brown, causing the creamy markings to appear faint. The interior is typically dark flesh-colored, featuring a wide, moderately thick border along the inner lip. The shell's axis is either rimate or imperforate.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Oahu island.
# Southern Pacific class MC-1

Southern Pacific Railroad's MC-1 class of steam locomotive consisted of two locomotives built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in April 1909. They are the first two locomotives converted by Southern Pacific (SP) to run as cab forward locomotives.
The first of these two, number 4000, entered service on May 26, 1909. It was rebuilt as a cab forward and reclassified as an MC-2 in June 1923. Another rebuild on June 4, 1931, "simpled" it with uniform cylinders and reclassified it as an AC-1. 4000 was scrapped on April 2, 1948. The second locomotive in this class, 4001, entered service on May 30, 1909. It was rebuilt as an MC-2 in April 1923, "simpled" on February 9, 1931, retired from active service on May 23, 1947, and scrapped on June 14, 1947, at SP's Sacramento shops.
# Gavardo (disambiguation)

Gavardo may refer to:
* Gavardo, a town and comune in the province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy
* Arimanno da Gavardo, Roman Catholic cardinal and Bishop of Brescia
* Biesse Carrera Gavardo, Italian UCI Continental team founded in 2018
* Carlo Alberto de Gavardo Prohens (1969–2015), a Chilean motorist and motorcyclist
# Kilnam Chon

Kilnam Chon (Korean: 전길남; born 3 January 1943) is a South Korean computer scientist. As a result of his contributions, South Korea became the second country in the world to have the IPv4 network (the Internet), after the United States.<IEEE Communications Magazine, February 2013>
Born in [Japan], in 1943. He graduated from Osaka University with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1965, and then a Ph.D. in systems engineering from UCLA in 1974. He worked as a computer system designer at Rockwell International and a member of technical staff at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory until 1979. After returning to South Korea at the age of 36 in 1979, he worked as a researcher at the Korea Institute of Electronics Technology which became Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute later. From 1982 to 2008, he was a professor of computer science at KAIST.
Chon produced many talents in the System Architecture Lab (SA Lab) he directed.
In May 1982, he helped develop IPv4 network (the internet) between Seoul National University and the Korea Institute of Electronics Technology. As a result, South Korea became the second country in the world to be largely connected to the Internet, after the United States, and he is called "the father of Korean Internet".<IEEE Communications Magazine, February 2013. In addition, on 23 April 2012, he was inducted into the Internet Society's Internet Hall of Fame in their Global connectors category.
He retired from KAIST in 2008, where he became a Professor Emeritus. Afterwards, he became a visiting professor at Tsinghua University in 2008. He was a professor at Keio University's Shonan Fujisawa campus in their policy and media research department.<https://cosmos.kaist.ac.kr>

## Research fields

His research fields include the Internet, systems engineering, and human-computer interactions.

## Awards

* 23 April 2012 Internet Hall of Fame, Global connectors
* 23 June 2003 World Technology Summit World Technology Awards Communication Technology Individual Award
* 1997 Ministry of Information and Communication of South Korea Information Culture Center National Medal
* 1996 Scientist of the Year Award, Korea Science Journalists Association
* 1980 Presidential Award (Gilin National Medal) Mountain Climbing.
# Roy E. Carlson

Roy Eric Carlson (June 24, 1918 – November 14, 1995) was an American college football and college baseball coach. After serving as an assistant coach at Washington State University from 1959 to 1961, he served as the head football coach at Pacific Lutheran University from 1962 to 1971. He also served as the school's baseball coach from 1963 to 1965.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Pacific Lutheran Lutes (Evergreen Conference) (1962–1964) ||||||
| 1962 | Pacific Lutheran | 2–5–2 | 1–4–2 | 5th |
| 1963 | Pacific Lutheran | 1–8 | 1–6 | 6th |
| 1964 | Pacific Lutheran | 6–3 | 5–2 | 1st |
| Pacific Lutheran Lutes (Northwest Conference) (1965–1972) ||||||
| 1965 | Pacific Lutheran | 4–5 | 0–0 | NA |
| 1966 | Pacific Lutheran | 2–5–2 | 1–3–2 | 5th |
| 1967 | Pacific Lutheran | 2–7 | 2–4 | T–4th |
| 1968 | Pacific Lutheran | 3–4–2 | 2–2–2 | 4th |
| 1969 | Pacific Lutheran | 6–3 | 4–2 | T–1st |
| 1970 | Pacific Lutheran | 6–3 | 4–2 | 2nd |
| 1971 | Pacific Lutheran | 5–4 | 4–2 | T–1st |
| Pacific Lutheran: | Pacific Lutheran: | 37–47–6 | 24–27–6 | |
| Total: | Total: | 37–46–6 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Francisco António, Prince of Beira

D. Francisco Antonio of Braganza, Prince of Beira (21 March 1795 – 11 June 1801) was the first son of D. João Maria and D. Carlota Joaquina, the Prince and Princess of Brazil.
The Prince was born on 21 March 1795, and was titled the Prince of Beira and the Duke of Barcelos, as heir-apparent to the heir-apparent of the throne of Portugal. Antonio Francisco died on 11 June 1801, at the age of six, passing his title as Prince of Beira to his younger brother, the Infante D. Pedro de Alcântara.

## Honours

* Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Kingdom of Spain).
# St Bridget's Church, Bridestowe

St Bridget's Church in Bridestowe, Devon, is a parish church in the Church of England and one of the central buildings in the rural area on the northwestern edge of Dartmoor. It is a Grade II* listed building of medieval construction with restorations made in the 19th century.

## Building

The church is mostly 13th and 15th century, with a west tower and some fragments of Norman work as well as Early English and Perpendicular styles. It is dedicated to the Irish Saint Brigid of Kildare, Irish Bríd, who is depicted in one of the stained glass windows, and from whom the name of the surrounding village is derived. The church's distinctive gateway is described in White's Directories as "a fine Norman arch supposed to be the remains of the original church". Restorations were carried out in circa 1820, 1866, and 1890.

## Memorials

On the north wall of the chancel is a 1665 memorial of 1665 to Lady Honor Fortescue Calmady, wife of Sir Shilston Calmady and mother of Josias Calmady. The churchyard contains the grave of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Wollocombe (1814).

## Current day

Regular services are only held on Sunday mornings. A local flower festival is periodically held at the church.
# Montembœuf

Montembœuf (French pronunciation:; Occitan: Montembuòu) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.