OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Unpaid principal balance

Unpaid principal balance (UPB) is the portion of a loan (e.g. a mortgage loan) at a certain point in time that has not yet been remitted to the lender.
For a typical consumer loan such as a home mortgage or automobile loan, the original unpaid principal balance is the amount borrowed, and therefore the amount the borrower owes the lender on the origination date of the loan.
The unpaid principal balance will decrease as time goes on for the loans that are structured with level payments. For these common loans, each monthly payment includes both interest and principal. The unpaid principal balance at the beginning of a given month is reduced by that portion of the level payment that is designated principal for that month; so that the unpaid principal balance at the end of the month is the beginning UPB less the principal paid for the month. Hence, the UPB decreases over time.

## Example

Showing how UPB decreases each month
A $100,000 loan with an original UPB with a nominal 6% annual rate loan. The monthly interest rate is therefore .5% (6% divided by 12 months). The level monthly payment for a 30-year mortgage loan is $599.55.
The UPB at the end of first month is calculated as follows:
Principal paid in first payment of $599.55
* The first month interest of .5% of $100,000.00 yields $500.00
* $599.55 monthly payment less $500.00 interest yields $99.55 as the principal amount in the first monthly payment
* $100,000.00 original UPB less $99.55 yields the UPB at the end of the first month (beginning of second month) of $99,900.45
* This process is repeated for each subsequent month to calculate the UPB on a monthly basis.
# Gabela helmetshrike

The Gabela helmetshrike (Prionops gabela) is a species of bird in the Vanga family Vangidae, formerly usually included in the Malaconotidae.
It is endemic to Angola.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# John Cottam

John Thomas Cottam (5 September 1867 in Sydney, New South Wales – 30 January 1897 in Western Australia) was an Australian cricketer who played in one Test in 1887.
Jack Cottam had played in only one first-class match – for New South Wales against the touring English cricket team, when he scored 29 and 14 not out – before making his Test debut a few days later in the Second Test against England at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Cottam made just four runs as Australia lost by 71 runs. Cottam's five other first-class matches came on New South Wales' tour of New Zealand in 1889–90, when he made three fifties including his highest score of 62, the only fifty in the match, when New South Wales beat Wellington.
Cottam went to the goldfields at Coolgardie, Western Australia, where he died in hospital of typhoid fever in January 1897, aged 29.
# Simei

Simei (IPA: /ˈsiːmeɪ/ SEE-may) is an estate located in Tampines Town in the Eastern Region of Singapore. The name Simei is pinyin for "Four Beauties" in Chinese. Formerly known as Tampines South, it was officially renamed to Simei in 1985.

## History and etymology

The name "Simei" is the Pinyinized version of "Soo Bee", after a short minor lane off Jalan Angin Laut, Jalan Soo Bee. It acquired its name during the height of a government policy of "Pinyinization". The current MP serving the Changi-Simei constituency is Jessica Tan.
Simei used to be a Malay kampung. A large part of it was a Chinese cemetery called Hwa San Tng. It was cleared in February 1982 to make way for the HDB estate at Simei. For a brief period, the roads in the estate were named after the legendary Four Beauties (i.e. Xi Shi, Wang Zhaojun, Diaochan and Yang Guifei) in Chinese history. These confusing names were swiftly changed following complaints.

## Facilities

Simei is a well-developed estate with plenty of amenities and facilities. There are schools, an MRT station, coffee shops and a shopping mall, Eastpoint Mall. While outside of Simei there is also Singapore Expo, Changi Business Park and Changi City Point nearby. Commercial tenants of the shopping centres include restaurants, supermarkets, department stores, bookstores, jewellery and gift shops.
Simei Park is the only park in Simei, consisting of a playground, elderly fitness corner and running tracks. There are different kinds of residential dwellings in the area, comprising landed properties, condominiums, mansions and public housing flats. For medical needs, Changi General Hospital is located here as well, and serves many Singaporeans living in the eastern area.

## Amenities

There are wide range of amenities at Simei, including Changi General Hospital, retail outlets and the Changi Simei community centre.
Education facilities situated in the town include ITE College East, the Metta Development School, Changkat Primary School, Changkat Changi Secondary School, as well as the Singapore University of Technology and Design. Being in between Bedok and Tampines, residents are within reach of even more amenities.

## Transport

Simei is well served by public transport. Most of the town is within 10 minutes walking distance from Simei MRT station. It also enjoys close proximity to Singapore Changi Airport via the Pan Island Expressway. Public bus services that serve Simei's town centre, the MRT station and the outskirts include 2, 5, 9, 10, 12, Express 12e, 17, 20, 24, 31, 35, 35M, 38, 47, 48, 118, 531, 753 and TS1. Short-trip bus services that also serve Simei include 9A, 31A, 118A and 118B. Public bus services that ply express sectors along Simei Flyover on the PIE, Simei Avenue and Upper Changi Road East include 27, Express 513, Express 518A and City Direct 661.
Mass Transport System
* EW3 Simei
* DT34 Upper Changi
* DT35 CG1 Expo
* DT36 Xilin (future)
Xilin MRT station will be a future station as part of DTL3 extension. It will be completed in 2024 in tandem with the opening of the Stage 4 of the Thomson–East Coast line.
# Claudette Sorel

Claudette Sorel (10 October 1932 – 6 August 1999) was a French-American pianist and educator. She was an advocate of equal rights for women in the arts, and especially equal rights for women whose aspirations were to become pianists.

## Early life and education

Sorel was born in Paris, France, on 10 October 1932. She emigrated to the United States with her family in 1940 prior to the Nazi invasion of France. At age 10 she received a scholarship to study at the Juilliard School, and at age 11 she debuted on the concert recital stage, performing with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. A reviewer in The New York Times wrote that "a child capable of so polished and eloquent an example of pianism has a future worth watching". She went on to study at the Curtis Institute of Music from 1948 to 1953, and simultaneously studied mathematics at Columbia University.

## Career

She performed frequently as a piano soloist both during and after her studies. While researching the composer Sergei Rachmaninoff at the Moscow Conservatory, Sorel discovered two nocturnes by the composer that had never previously been performed. She premiered these in 1973 at a recital celebrating the composer's centenary. This was her last public recital – the following year she was injured in a fall on an ice-covered sidewalk and quit performing.
Later in her life, Sorel published books for young pianists and taught piano at the University of Kansas, Ohio State University and SUNY Fredonia. At SUNY she chaired the piano department and was the first woman to be named a Distinguished Professor at the institution. Sorel founded the Sorel Organization in 1996, dedicated to the memory of her parents; this organization promotes women in music. She was an advocate for women in the arts, publishing an article in Music Journal in 1968 advocating equal opportunities for women pianists.
Sorel died of cancer in Hampton Bays, New York, on 6 August 1999.
# Bosnia and Herzegovina–Peru relations

Bosnia and Herzegovina–Peru relations refers to the bilateral relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Peru. Both countries are members of the United Nations.
Before the country's independence, Peru maintained warm relations with Bosnia's predecessor state, Yugoslavia.

## History

Bosnia and Herzegovina and Peru established diplomatic relations on January 23, 1998, and the Peruvian embassy in Belgrade thus became accredited to the country. After the embassy closed in 2006, the embassy in Bucharest became accredited instead. The Bosnian embassy in Washington, D.C. is accredited to Peru.
The Bosnian government has repeatedly supported Peru's candidacies to councils of the United Nations, such as those of the International Maritime Organization, UNESCO and the Committee on Enforced Disappearances, as well as the International Law Commission.
In 2021, Peru established a traveling consulate in Sarajevo.
Both countries are affected by organised crime groups, such as the Serbian America group, which operates in the Balkans and has led to at least one arrest in northern Peru involving Interpol.

## High-level visits

High-level visit from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Peru
* Foreign Minister Mladen Ivanić (2004)

## Trade

Commerce between both countries was negatively affected by the closure of the Peruvian embassy in Belgrade. In 2005, Peruvian exports were valued at US$ 400,000 and at US$ 2 million in 2006. In 2007, this number dropped to zero, as Peru did not export any goods on that year, as well as in 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2016. In contrast, Bosnian exports—mainly lubricant and carburator filters and shoewear—steadily increased until 2016, being valued at over US$ 700,000.
Bosnian investment in South America is low, with Peru ranking fourth in exports in 2016. Bosnia and Herzegovina exports vinyl chloride polymers, rubber shoewear, centrifuges, and other home products. Peru contributes 1% of imports to the Balkan country, importing bone meal (43% of total imports), seeds (18.7%), legumes (10%), bananas (5.3%), mollusks (5.2%), etc.

## Diplomatic missions

Neither country has a resident ambassador.
* Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
* Peru is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Bucharest.
# Ulf Forseth Indgaard

Ulf Forseth Indgaard (born 1989) is a Norwegian orienteering competitor who has received two medals at the Junior World Orienteering Championships.
He received a silver medal in the middle distance (behind Johan Runesson), and a bronze medal in the relay at the 2008 Junior World Orienteering Championships in Gothenburg.
He competed for Norway at the 2012 World Orienteering Championships. In the sprint competition he qualified for the final, where he placed 29th.
Ulf grew up just outside Levanger in Norway, on a farm called Flatåsen, with his parents, and two siblings. He runs for the orienteering club Frol IL, and his little brother Jo, is also a talentful orienteering runner.
# Box 13 scandal

The Box 13 scandal was a political scandal that occurred in Jim Wells County, Texas, during the 1948 United States Senate elections, regarding disputed votes in a Democratic primary involving Lyndon B. Johnson and Coke Stevenson.

## Origins and investigation

The Texas Democratic Party primary for the US Senate, held in July 1948, was hotly contested and produced an inconclusive result. On the day of the runoff election, which was held the following month, Johnson appeared to have lost the Democratic nomination to Stevenson. Six days after polls had closed, 202 additional votes were added to the totals for Precinct 13 of Jim Wells County, 200 for Johnson and two for Stevenson. This resulted in a narrow lead for Johnson.
The subsequent recount, handled by the Democratic State Central Committee, took a week. Johnson was announced the winner by 87 votes out of 988,295, an extremely narrow margin of victory. Suspicions arose that the 202 late votes were fraudulent. The names added to the end of the tally sheet were in alphabetical order and written with the same pen and handwriting. Some of the individuals whose names were listed insisted they had not voted that day, while the last person whose name was recorded before the questionable entries stated that when he voted shortly before the polls closed, there had been no one in line behind him.
Stevenson took the dispute to court, and the case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Johnson prevailed on the basis that jurisdiction over naming a nominee rested with the state party, not the federal government. A private, non-official investigation found that Johnson had conspired with George Parr, a Democratic Party leader in Texas, to falsify vote totals. In the general election, Johnson went on to defeat the Republican nominee Jack Porter by a margin of 33.28% and 353,320 votes.

## Aftermath

Johnson biographer Robert Caro made the case in his 1990 book that Johnson had stolen the election in Jim Wells County. A stage play based on the scandal, Box Thirteen by Jack Westin, was performed at the College of the Mainland Community Theatre during the 1998–1999 season.
In 2023, Associated Press reporter James Mangan donated taped interviews to the LBJ Presidential Library and Museum which confirmed the story that he recorded in 1977. Mangan was able to corroborate the story with Luis Salas, who worked as an election judge in South Texas. Salas told Mangan that the powerful South Texas political boss George B. Parr ordered that some 200 votes be added to the totals for Box 13. Salas said he then watched as the names of individuals who had not voted were added to the tally sheet.
# Aline Alaux

Aline Alaux (born 31 January 1813 – 12 October 1856) was a French painter.

## Early life

Alaux was born Marie-Rose Alaux in Bordeaux, to parents Jean-Paul Alaux and Marie-Anne Gué, known as Eugénie Gué. She married the painter Jean-Victor Bodinier in Bordeaux on 28 March 1848.

## Career

Alaux participated in the Paris Salons from 1833 to the Salon of 1843, with the exception of 1839 and 1842. In 1850 she exhibited at the New York Historical Society. She painted mainly animals and birds.

## Prizes

She received a gold medal at the Salon of 1833.

## Collections

* Musée du Louvre, Jeune fille dessinant
* Musée des Arts Décoratifs et du Design, Bordeaux : Étude de poisson - Perroquet au perchoir
* Château de Fontainebleau : Vue de l'église et du faubourg saint Eutrope à Saintes, (watercolour)
* Musée Alexandre Dumas : Auguste Caustre
* Study of fish
* Ducks and guinea fowls, Salon of 1837
# Rocky Hollow (Dunkard Creek tributary)

Rocky Hollow is a 1.98 mi (3.19 km) long second-order tributary to Dunkard Creek in Greene County.

## Course

Rocky Hollow rises about 0.5 miles northwest of Poland Mines, Pennsylvania and then flows southeasterly to join Dunkard Creek about 2 miles west-southwest of Fieldsons Crossroads, Pennsylvania.

## Watershed

Rocky Hollow drains 1.52 square miles (3.9 km$^2$) of area, receives about 42.9 in/year of precipitation, and is about 54.3% forested.
# 2022 Ecuador prison riots

In 2022, at least 77 inmates were killed during prison riots in Ecuador.

## Background

Ecuador is in between Colombia and Peru, which are the world's two largest cocaine-producing countries. It is severely affected by international drug trafficking and gang violence which is related to that. In 2021, about 300 inmates were killed in riots in Ecuadorian prisons. The Ecuadorian government says that the riots are caused by gang warfare over control of territory and drug trafficking routes.

## 2022 riots

On 3 April, at least 20 inmates were killed during a riot inside El Turi prison in Cuenca, southern Ecuador.
On 9 May, a riot broke out between members of rival gangs Los Lobos and R7 inside Bellavista prison in Santo Domingo, central Ecuador. Forty-four inmates were killed. The prison is situated 80 km (50 mi) north of Quito. A hundred and twelve inmates tried to escape during the riot, but were apprehended inside the prison grounds.
On 18 July, 13 inmates were killed and two more injured after a riot broke out again in the Bellavista prison in Santo Domingo.
On 3 October, 15 inmates were killed during a riot at Cotopaxi No 1 jail in Latacunga, Cotopaxi Province. This follows the assassination of Leandro Norero, drug baron, in this prison.
On 18 November, 10 inmates were killed during a riot in a prison in Quito.
# Jim Czajkowski

Jim Mark Czajkowski (born December 18, 1963) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for one season. He pitched for the Colorado Rockies in five games during the 1994 Colorado Rockies season.
In 2012, Czajkowski was the pitching coach for the Toronto Blue Jays' Northwest League affiliate Vancouver Canadians.
On January 13, 2014, Czajkowski was named as the pitching coach for the Toronto Blue Jays Double-A affiliate New Hampshire Fisher Cats.
Czajkowski was announced as the pitching coach for the Class A-Advanced Dunedin Blue Jays in 2019. He had previously coached there in 2016.
Czajowski was named the pitching coach for the Double A New Hampshire Fisher Cats for the 2021 season. He would remain the pitching coach for the Fisher Cats until September 2022.
# Malvik Church

Malvik Church (Norwegian: Malvik kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Malvik Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Malvik. It is the church for the Malvik parish which is part of the Stjørdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform style in 1846 by the architect G.O. Olsen. The church seats about 550 people.

## History

The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1432, but the church was not new at that time. The original church was likely a wooden stave church with a rectangular nave and a narrower chancel that may have been built during the 14th century. That church had a tower on the roof near the west end of the church. In 1654, the old church was torn down and replaced with a new church on the same site. This new timber-framed building was consecrated in 1656. In 1843, the church was inspected and it was found to be in poor shape, so it was decided to replace the church building. In 1846, the old church was torn down and a new wooden, cruciform church was built on the same site. The new building was consecrated on 18 November 1846 by the Bishop Hans Riddervold.
# Lucas Alcázar

Lucas Alcázar Moreno (born 11 July 2002) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Betis Deportivo Balompié.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 28 January 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Peña Deportiva (loan) | 2021–22 | Segunda División RFEF | 25 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 27 | 1 |
| Real Madrid Castilla | 2022–23 | Primera Federación | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Talavera (loan) | 2022–23 | Primera Federación | 12 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| Betis B | 2023–24 | Segunda Federación | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 54 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 56 | 1 |
* ↑ Appearances in 2022 Segunda División RFEF play-offs

## Honours
### Real Madrid Juvenil A

* UEFA Youth League: 2019–20
# Rutledge Creek (Ararat River tributary)

Rutledge Creek is a 9.17 mi (14.76 km) long 2nd order tributary to the Ararat River in Surry County, North Carolina.

## Course

Rutledge Creek rises on the Silverleaf Creek divide about 0.5 miles southwest of Slate Mountain Church and then flows southwest to join the Ararat River about 3 miles southeast of Mount Airy, North Carolina.

## Watershed

Rutledge Creek drains 8.35 square miles (21.6 km$^2$) of area, receives about 48.2 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 317.01, and is about 63% forested.
# Bullet (1996 film)

Bullet is a 1996 American crime film directed by Julien Temple, written by Mickey Rourke and Bruce Rubenstein, and starring Rourke and Tupac Shakur. Rourke also served as the film's music supervisor.
The film was shot in New York City in 1994 with a significant portion done in Brooklyn. The film was released in October 1996, a month after Shakur's death. It was released as a direct-to-video film worldwide.

## Plot

Thirty-five-year-old Jewish-American convict and junkie, Butch "Bullet" Stein, is released from prison on parole after serving an 8-year sentence for being an accomplice to a robbery, perpetrated by his friend, Irish-American gangster Paddy. Bullet and his friend Lester rob two teenagers for drugs. He also robs drug runner Flaco and stabs him in the eye, telling him to notify his boss Tank of his return. He returns to Brooklyn to live with his dysfunctional family, including his alcoholic father, depressed mother, two brothers, the older mentally unstable Vietnam veteran Louis, and his younger brother Ruby, an aspiring graffiti artist. Tank is a local drug kingpin with a score to settle, after Bullet stabbed him in the eye while spending time together, and Bullet accepts the challenge. Tank first pressures Paddy to find and deliver Bullet to him. Later, he tries to have him killed by having one of Paddy's dealers sell Bullet drugs laced with poison. This fails when the drug spot is robbed by gunmen, one of whom proceeds to stab Ruby through the hand with a knife.
Bullet keeps himself occupied by shooting heroin and robbing his neighbor's house for jewelry, which he and Lester sell to an Italian-American gangster named "Frankie Eyelashes". He also encourages Ruby to follow his artistic dreams and has a deep friend-to-friend talk with Lester over his potential closeted homosexuality, because of his mother abandoning him and his father's death when he was a child, but he denies it. After failing to kill Bullet, Tank gets one of his henchmen to attack Bullet, which is witnessed by Louis and ends in a draw when the henchman breaks his hand. Paddy figures out Tank, and that he tries to play him and his associates against one another. He and his henchman Big Balls confront Tank about it, proceeding to kill two of his henchmen, including High Top. Bullet briefly returns home and apologizes to his mother for everything he put her through over the years. He later goes to a nightclub with Ruby and Lester. Paddy tries to help Bullet escape, before Tank arrives. Bullet confronts the gang, but Tank kills him. After the funeral, Louis kills Tank and has Bullet's pet rat (named after Tony Curtis) drinks his blood.

## Cast

* Mickey Rourke as Butch "Bullet" Stein
* Tupac Shakur as "Tank"
* Adrien Brody as Reuben "Ruby" Stein
* Ted Levine as Louis Stein
* Matthew Powers as Paddy
* Donnie Wahlberg as "Big Balls"
* Suzanne Shepherd as "Cookie" Stein
* Jerry Grayson as Sol Stein
* Manny Pérez as "Flaco"
* Gina Figueroa as Laura
* John Enos III as Lester
* Gene Canfield as Reiner
* Michael K. Williams as "High Top"
* Big Stretch/Randy Walker as Dallas
* Peter Dinklage as Building Manager
* Jermaine Hopkins as "Pudgy"
# Manuel Ossie

Lee Manuel Ossie (born July 18, 1968) is a Liberian former professional boxer. Nicknamed "Destroyer", Ossie is a former European Union light heavyweight and African heavyweight champion.

## Professional career

On August 26, 2005 Manuel upset title contender Adewale Abbey to win the African Boxing Union heavyweight title.
Ossie lost to undefeated American Chris Arreola. The bout was televised on ESPN.