OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vacancy defect

In crystallography, a vacancy is a type of point defect in a crystal where an atom is missing from one of the lattice sites. Crystals inherently possess imperfections, sometimes referred to as crystallographic defects.
Vacancies occur naturally in all crystalline materials. At any given temperature, up to the melting point of the material, there is an equilibrium concentration (ratio of vacant lattice sites to those containing atoms). At the melting point of some metals the ratio can be approximately 1:1000. This temperature dependence can be modelled by
    $N_{\rm {v}}=N\exp \left({\frac {-Q_{\rm {v}}}{k_{\rm {B}}T}}\right)$
where N$_v$ is the vacancy concentration, Q$_v$ is the energy required for vacancy formation, k$_B$ is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and N is the concentration of atomic sites i.e.
    $N={\frac {\rho N_{\rm {A}}}{M}}$
where ρ is density, N$_A$ the Avogadro constant, and M the molar mass.
It is the simplest point defect. In this system, an atom is missing from its regular atomic site. Vacancies are formed during solidification due to vibration of atoms, local rearrangement of atoms, plastic deformation and ionic bombardments.
The creation of a vacancy can be simply modeled by considering the energy required to break the bonds between an atom inside the crystal and its nearest neighbor atoms. Once that atom is removed from the lattice site, it is put back on the surface of the crystal and some energy is retrieved because new bonds are established with other atoms on the surface. However, there is a net input of energy because there are fewer bonds between surface atoms than between atoms in the interior of the crystal.

## Material physics

In most applications vacancy defects are irrelevant to the intended purpose of a material, as they are either too few or spaced throughout a multi-dimensional space in such a way that force or charge can move around the vacancy. In the case of more constrained structures like carbon nanotubes however, vacancies and other crystalline defects can significantly weaken the material.
# Platycheirus albimanus

Platycheirus albimanus is a common widespread species of hoverfly. A holarctic species its range includes Greenland, Iceland, Britain, mainland Europe, Russia, across Siberia to the pacific coast, the Philippines, Alaska, western Canada and United States.
The larvae feed on aphids on a wide range of plants, shrubs and trees.
Adults can be found in flight generally between April and October on the edges of woodland or scrub, heath or along hedgerows where they visit a wide range of flowers.

## Description

External images
external images For terms see Morphology of Diptera
Wing cell bm with a small to rather large bare area (not trichose) Tibiae 1 abruptly dilated shortly before the apex. Metatarsus 1 posterior edge slightly curved. Face in front view, dusted silverish. Tergites with markings silvery or obscure yellow. Extremely similar in appearance to the southern European P. muelleri and the northern European P. nigrofemoratus and P. urakawensis.
# Royal ground snake

The royal ground snake (Erythrolamprus reginae) is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to northern South America.

## Classification

Erythrolamprus reginae belongs to the genus Erythrolamprus, which contains over 50 species. The genus Erythrolamprus belongs to the subfamily Dipsadinae, which is sometimes referred to as the family Dipsadidae.
Recent phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular DNA evidence has shown that Erythrolamprus reginae is now likely paraphyletic. Erythrolamprus zweifeli was previously considered to be a subspecies of Erythrolamprus reginae and called Erythrolamprus reginae zweifeli. However, based on notable differences in coloration and scale counts, it is now considered to be a separate species. Erythrolamprus pseudoreginae of Tobago, named in 2019, was also previously considered to be part of Erythrolamprus reginae, but is now separate.
The relationships of Erythrolamprus species located in northern South America can be shown in the cladogram below:

## Diet

It feeds on frogs, frog eggs, tadpoles, fish, small birds, and lizards.
# Little Buffalo Creek (Dutch Buffalo Creek tributary)

Little Buffalo Creek is a 8.74 mi (14.07 km) long 3rd order tributary to Dutch Buffalo Creek in Cabarrus County, North Carolina.

## Course

Little Buffalo Creek rises in a pond about 0.5 miles northwest of Gold Hill, North Carolina in Rowan County, and then flows southwest into Cabarrus County to join Dutch Buffalo Creek about 1.5 miles northeast of Mount Pleasant.

## Watershed

Little Buffalo Creek drains 17.04 square miles (44.1 km$^2$) of area, receives about 47.3 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 390.20, and is about 50% forested.
# Red barberry

Red barberry is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Berberis haematocarpa
* Berberis thunbergii
# McIntosh Branch

McIntosh Branch is a stream in northwest Montgomery County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Loutre River.
McIntosh Branch has the name of a pioneer citizen.
# Samuel Starks House

Samuel Starks House is a historic home located at Charleston, West Virginia.
It is an American Foursquare style home built in 1908, as home for Samuel W. Starks (1866–1908). Starks was a nationally prominent African American leader in the Knights of Pythias fraternal organization.
It was severely damaged by a fire in 1981 and subsequently repaired and renovated. The Samuel Starks House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
# Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew (New York City)

40°47′20.1″N 73°58′38.6″W﻿ / ﻿40.788917°N 73.977389°W﻿ / 40.788917; -73.977389
The Church of Saint Paul and Saint Andrew is a historic United Methodist church on the Upper West Side of New York City, New York, on West 86th Street. The Church is known for being socially liberal and for accepting all people. The Church hosts a number of performing arts groups, including Camerata Notturna, Riverside Orchestra, and New Plaza Cinema.

## History

At present, the Church of St. Paul & St. Andrew (SPSA) is a member of the Reconciling Ministries Network of the United Methodist Church and its New York Annual Conference affiliate, Methodists in New Directions (MIND). The congregation welcomes all who wish to worship God the Creator, God the Redeemer and God the Holy Spirit; without regard to any arbitrary condition. The 2010 Service of Lessons and Carols was featured on 31 December 2010 on the CBS Television Network. The senior pastor is Rev. Dr. James (K) Karpen and the associate pastor is Rev. Lea Matthews. Ekama Eni serves as Minister for Young Adults and Frank Glass is the Minister of Music. SPSA also serves as host sanctuary for Congregation B'nai Jeshurun. Also housed at 263 West 86th Street is the West Side Campaign Against Hunger, a non profit that functions as a food pantry and nutritional resource center, and West End Theatre, presenting many performing arts companies. The church building was declared a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1981.
# Patrick J. O'Reilly (politician)

Patrick John O'Reilly (died 16 July 1965) was an Irish politician. He was elected to Seanad Éireann to the Cultural and Educational Panel as an independent candidate at the 1944 Seanad election. He did not contest the 1948 Seanad election. He was the chief executive officer of County Cavan Vocational Education Committee.
# BarNone

BarNone (1-800-BarNone) was a lead generation company based in Oakland, California, USA. BarNone was founded in 1995, and was later purchased by the First Advantage Corporation in 2005 for their Dealer Services segment. They were later sold to Centrro, Inc. in August 2009.
BarNone connected consumers seeking an auto loan with auto dealerships. Consumers were targeted through direct mail, television ads, and internet marketing. BarNone targeted consumers who typically have bad credit that needed help with an auto loan.
In 2002, BarNone Inc. acquired rights to "adopt" the former Pets.com sock puppet, portrayed by Michael Ian Black, in their advertisements, replacing Fran Tarkenton. BarNone's slogan was "Everyone Deserves A Second Chance."
# Little Conneauttee Creek

Little Conneauttee Creek is a 14.27 mi (22.97 km) long 3rd order tributary to Conneauttee Creek in Crawford County, Pennsylvania and Erie County, Pennsylvania. This is the only stream of this name in the United States.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
* Little Conneautte Creek

## Course

Little Conneautee Creek rises about 2 miles southeast of Reeds Corners, Pennsylvania, and then flows generally south to join Conneauttee creek about 1 mile south of Drakes Mills.

## Watershed

Little Conneauttee Creek drains 25.64 square miles (66.4 km$^2$) of area, receives about 45.4 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 445.07, and is about 45% forested.
# Bararq Bahtobe

Bararq Bahtobe (born 22 February 1962) is an Ivorian boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Fantasy video game console

A fantasy video game console (or simply fantasy console) is an emulator for a fictitious video game console. In short, it aims to create the experience of retro gaming without the need to emulate a real console, allowing the developer to freely decide what specifications their fictional hardware will have.
One popular example of a fantasy console is the PICO-8, which was used as the platform for the original Celeste game. Though many fantasy consoles, such as the PICO-8, the TIC-80 and the Pixel Vision 8, use the Lua programming language, a variety of other languages, such as JavaScript and Python, are supported by other fantasy consoles. Even if two consoles use the same programming language, that doesn't mean they are compatible. There are often subtle differences in the syntax, and most notably in the API. There are some tools that aim to interconvert these console's cartridges automatically (including the scripts), but they are not perfect.
Another example is the Gigadrive, an imaginary revision of the Sega Genesis designed by M2, who also developed an emulator of this system. This console was given double VRAM, four more background layers (and Z-values in each layer), and sprites to archive 3D effects in patched Genesis games. These emulated games were sold in Nintendo 3DS under the label 3D Classics.
As of November 2021, fantasy consoles PICO-8 and TIC-80 are among the top 20 most used game development platforms on itch.io.

## Definition

Joseph White, creator of the PICO-8, coined the term "fantasy console", and describes it as follows:
   A fantasy console is like a regular console, but without the inconvenience of actual hardware. PICO-8 has everything else that makes a console a console: machine specifications and display format, development tools, design culture, distribution platform, community and playership. It is similar to a retro game emulator, but for a machine that never existed.
As developer Björn Ritzl puts it, fantasy consoles simulate the restricted hardware of an old system packaged into a user-friendly experience with integrated tools for asset creation and game logic programming.
# William Clinton (baseball)

William Melvin Clinton (November 23, 1888 – death date ???) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1910s.
A native of Vineland, New Jersey, Clinton played for the Bacharach Giants in 1917. In 16 recorded games, he posted eight hits and six RBI in 57 plate appearances.
# Federation of Norwegian Industries (1919–1989)

The Federation of Norwegian Industries (Norwegian: Norges Industriforbund, NI) was an employers' organisation in Norway. It existed between 1919 and 1989, and was one of the main organisations in the field. In 1989 it became a part of the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise through a merger.
# Ronald Dregan: Dreganomics

Ronald Dregan: Dreganomics is the ninth studio album by Vallejo, California rapper Mac Dre, released three months before his murder in 2004. It most notably features "Get Stupid," which has been described as "perhaps the defining song of the hyphy movement."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| RapReviews | 9/10 |
| AllMusic | |
DJ Complejo of RapReviews gave the album a rating of 9 out of 10, writing, "On Ronald Dregan Mac Dre was at the top of his lyrical game as well as showcasing just as well he had mastered his flow over the years," adding, "with albums like Ronald Dregan Mac Dre was close to breaking out of his position as a local legend, and with good reason."
David Jeffries of AllMusic said of the album, "Plenty of limited comedy rap acts with cults built around them have run out of steam long before they ran out of albums. Ronald Dregan is sleazy, unpretentious proof that Mac Dre isn't one of them. His albums all sound the same, and for once, that's a good thing."
# Athoracophoridae

Athoracophoridae, common name the leaf-veined slugs, are a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order Stylommatophora, the stalk-eyed snails and slugs. Many of the species have an attractive pattern on their dorsal surface which resembles the veins in a leaf, hence the common name.
Athoracophoridae is the only family in the superfamily Athoracophoroidea.
Leaf-veined slugs live on the various land masses and islands in the south-west Pacific area. In te reo Māori, leaf-veined slugs are known as putoko ropiropi.
The scientific name Athoracophoridae is derived from prefix "a-", that means "without" and from a Greek word "θωραχοφὁρος" (thorachoforos), that means "breastplate". This is a reference to the fact that the mantle in these slugs is small and not well delineated; it does not have the obvious, saddle-shaped or breast-plate-shaped appearance that it does in most other land slug groups.

## Anatomy

In the family Athoracophoridae (in subfamily Aneitinae and in subfamily Athoracophorinae), the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 36 and 45 (according to the values in this table). While they belong to the pulmonate snails, they lack a true lung. The vascularized mantle cavity is reduced, and a series of blind tubules radiate from it, being surrounded blood vessels. This allows for a more compact lung structure in these generally flat animals.

## Distribution

Species in this family are found in eastern Australia, New Zealand including its sub-Antarctic islands, Bismarck Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands, the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, as well as on the Melanesian islands north to New Caledonia and New Britain, Papua New Guinea.

## Taxonomy

The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), that follows classification after Grimpe & Hoffmann (1925):
* Athoracophorinae P. Fischer, 1883 (1860) - synonym: Janellidae Gray, 1853 (inv.) - a subantarctic subfamily
* Aneitinae Gray, 1860 - a northern subfamily
The name Athoracophoridae has precedence over the name Aneitidae, because Athoracophoridae is in prevailing usage.

### Genera

Genera within the family Athoracophoridae include:
* Aneitea Gray, 1860
** Aneitea sarasini
* Athoracophorus Gould, 1852 - the type genus, 3 species
* Palliopodex Burton, 1963 - with the only species Palliopodex verrucosus (Simroth, 1889)
* Pseudaneitea Cockerell, 1891
* Reflectopallium Burton, 1963
* Triboniophorus Humbert, 1863
# Shaheed (1948 film)

Shaheed (Hindi: शहीद, 'The Martyr') is a 1948 Bollywood Indian romance film, written and directed by Ramesh Saigal. The film depicts India's struggle for independence. It starred Dilip Kumar, Kamini Kaushal, Chandra Mohan, and Leela Chitnis. It had music by Ghulam Haider. Shaheed was the Highest grossing indian movie of 1948.
This was actor Chandra Mohan's last screen appearance. He had earlier appeared in Pukar, directed by Sohrab Modi, Humayun and Roti, both directed by Mehboob Khan, and Stree, directed by V. Shantaram.

## Plot

Circa 1940s India, a young freedom fighter Ram [Dilip Kumar] faces opposition from his own father Raibahadur Dwarakadas [Chandra Mohan] as well as an ambitious police officer Vinod [Ram Singh], who is also his rival for affection of a mutual childhood sweetheart Sheila [Kamini Kaushal].

## Cast

* Dilip Kumar as Ram
* Kamini Kaushal as Sheela
* Chandra Mohan as Rai Bahadur Dwarkadas
* Leela Chitnis as Mrs. Dwarkadas
* V. H. Desai as Hemant Rai
* S. L. Puri
* Ram Singh as Vinod
* Prabhu Dayal as Gopal
* Raj Adib
* Shashi Kapoor as Young Ram
* N. Kabir as Young Vinod
* Baby Anwari as Young Sheela

## Soundtrack

The music composed by Ghulam Haider, while lyrics written by Raja Mehdi Ali Khan and Qamar Jalalabadi. Songs like "Watan ki Raah Mein Watan Ke Naujawan Shaheed Ho" and "Badnaam Na Ho Jaaye Mohabbat Ka Fasana" have gained their popularity even after 60 years of the film's release.
# Somali bunting

The Somali bunting or Somali golden-breasted bunting (Emberiza poliopleura) is a species of bird in the family Emberizidae.
It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are dry savannah and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, typically observed in pairs..

## Description

The Somali Bunting is a medium-large bunting, 14–15 cm long, and weigh 14–18 g. It is an attractive passerine, its distinctive features include a striking black-and-white facial pattern, a grey back streaked with russet, a grey rump, and a bright yellow breast with pale flanks. Females are duller than males, with brown wash on head. Juveniles are similar to females.
Similar to the closely related Golden-breasted Bunting, but the Somali Bunting exhibits a generally paler coloration, narrower black facial stripes, a more subdued gray back and rump, and pronounced pale sides. In addition, its preferred habitat is drier, and range overlap with the Golden-breasted Bunting is minimal.
Vocalization includes a repeated series of short, whistled phrases, each composed of two distinct notes. The common call long consists of an ascending whistle.
# Little Shaddox Creek

Little Shaddox Creek is a 3.10 mi (4.99 km) long 1st order tributary to the Cape Fear River in Lee County, North Carolina. This is the only stream of this name in the United States.

## Course

Little Shaddox Creek rises about 3 miles south-southwest of Blacknel, North Carolina and then flows easterly to join the Cape Fear River about 3 miles south of Moncure, North Carolina.

## Watershed

Little Shaddox Creek drains 1.98 square miles (5.1 km$^2$) of area, receives about 47.7 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 526.18 and is about 59% forested.
# Every Little Step

"Every Little Step" is a 1989 single by American singer Bobby Brown, written by L.A. Reid and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and released by MCA Records. Released as the fourth single on his second album Don't Be Cruel it reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100, number one on the Hot Black Singles chart, and number six on the UK Singles Chart in 1989. The song also appears on Brown's remix album Dance!...Ya Know It!. The single garnered Brown's first career Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 32nd Grammy Awards in 1990.

## Composition and production

Around the time Don't Be Cruel was in production, Reid was dating singer Pebbles, who later became his wife. Inspired by his relationship with his girlfriend at the time, he wrote and co-produced the song with Edmonds, intending to give it to the group Midnight Star. Bobby Brown, however, heard a demo of the song and liked it instantly, which led to its inclusion on Don't Be Cruel.
Brown popularized the Roger Rabbit dance (aka the "backwards" running man), as performed in the music video for the song, along with the Gumby-style hi-top fade.
In 1995, "Every Little Step" was remixed by British DJ/producer C.J. Mackintosh and was included on Brown's remix album, Two Can Play That Game (1995). This version of the song was released as a single in 1996, reaching number 25 in the UK Singles Chart.
In 2013, former New Edition manager Steven Machat claimed additional vocals on the song were allegedly done by Brown's friend, and fellow New Edition member Ralph Tresvant. Machat alleges that Tresvant was brought in to sing some of Brown's vocals, as he claims Brown had been strung out on drugs. Machat's story contradicts what happened with Brown as far back as 1989, where he was interviewed by Rolling Stone during the filming of the video for "On Our Own". Brown said he left New Edition primarily because of Machat and his business partners, Bill Dern and Rick Smith, whom he named as the managers who ripped him off and started the rumor of him being heavily addicted to drugs at the time. Brown said, "People at MCA thought we was on drugs. That wasn't us. We were a bunch of brats, but we wasn't into drugs, we wasn't into liquor. We was into girls".

## Track listing
### A-side

* "Every Little Step" (Extended Version) – 7:55
* "Every Little Step" (Instrumental) – 4:02

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^^$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Additional personnel

* L.A. Reid: remixing, drum programming, percussion
* Donald K. Parks: Fairlight programming
* Kayo: Pro-One synth bass
* Daryl Simmons & Karyn White: background vocals
# Scandrett

Scandrett is a surname and occasional given name. Notable people with this name include:
* Devarick Scandrett (1984–2018), American football player
* Harry Scandrett (1892–1977), British flying ace
* John Scandrett (1915–2006), New Zealand cricketer
* Stephen Scandrett (1631?–1706), English nonconformist minister
* William Benjamin Scandrett (1840–1917), British-born mayor of Invercargill, New Zealand
* John Scandrett Harford (1785–1866), British banker, benefactor and abolitionist
# Gansuidae

Gansuidae is an extinct family of euornithean birds known from the Early Cretaceous of China and possibly the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia.

## History and taxonomy

The Gansuidae was originally established as a monotypic family by Hou & Liu in their 1984 description of their new genus Gansus from the Xiagou Formation. Their characterization for this clade included shorebirds with slender toes, a long digit IV, and a laterally compressed tarsometatarsus shorter than the third and fourth digits. A second Gansus species, G. zheni, was described in 2014 from the Jiufotang Formation.
The clade received little attention in the following years, with most analyses failing to recover a substantial clade of taxa besides Gansus spp. However, the 2024 description of the genus Shuilingornis—also from the Jiufotang Formation—shed light on the relationships of several euornithean birds, with several taxa clustering in a monophyletic clade. Besides Gansus (the type genus of the family) and Shuilingornis, the group likely also includes Changzuiornis (Jiufotang Fm.), Iteravis (Yixian Formation), and Khinganornis (Longjiang Formation). These five genera were found in Aptian-aged (Early Cretaceous) outcrops in China.
The genus Hollanda is known from a fragmentary skeleton described in 2010 from the Campanian-aged (Late Cretaceous) Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. Originally identified as an ornithuromorphan, later analyses recovered conflicting phylogenetic positions, suggesting possible affinities with Songlingornis or even the Enantiornithes. In their description of Shuilingornis, Wang et al. (2024) noted Hollanda as one of several "wildcard taxa". When included in their phylogenetic analyses, it was recovered as a late-diverging member of the Gansuidae, as the sister taxon to Changzuiornis. However, they cautioned that these particular results were tentative and should not be considered definitive without the discovery of additional fossil material.

## Classification

In their phylogenetic analyses, Wang et al. (2024) recovered the Gansuidae as a clade of euornithean birds as the sister taxon to the Ornithuromorpha. Their results are displayed in the cladogram below: