# Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Demographic features of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

## Vital statistics

Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Year | Mid-year population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
| 1947 | 2,532,000 | 84,600 | 38,900 | 45,700 | 33.4 | 15.4 | 18.0 | | |
| 1948 | 2,581,987 | 90,700 | 41,600 | 49,100 | 35.1 | 16.1 | 19.0 | | 647,112 |
| 1949 | 2,641,990 | 98,200 | 42,200 | 56,000 | 37.2 | 16.0 | 21.2 | | 669,152 |
| 1950 | 2,662,010 | 102,680 | 35,991 | 66,689 | 38.6 | 13.5 | 25.1 | 5.17 | 691,192 |
| 1951 | 2,721,009 | 92,330 | 46,358 | 45,972 | 33.9 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 4.51 | 713,232 |
| 1952 | 2,790,991 | 112,216 | 34,817 | 77,399 | 40.2 | 12.5 | 27.7 | 5.33 | 735,272 |
| 1953 | 2,863,124 | 110,373 | 41,199 | 69,174 | 38.5 | 14.4 | 24.2 | 4.84 | 757,312 |
| 1954 | 2,916,007 | 115,854 | 35,158 | 80,696 | 39.7 | 12.1 | 27.7 | 4.93 | 765,462 |
| 1955 | 2,973,986 | 110,866 | 40,513 | 70,353 | 37.3 | 13.6 | 23.7 | 4.59 | 773,612 |
| 1956 | 3,025,000 | 111,561 | 38,320 | 73,241 | 36.9 | 12.7 | 24.2 | 4.48 | 781,761 |
| 1957 | 3,076,006 | 102,649 | 36,830 | 65,819 | 33.4 | 12.0 | 21.4 | 4.02 | 789,911 |
| 1958 | 3,126,012 | 110,332 | 30,123 | 80,209 | 35.3 | 9.6 | 25.7 | 4.22 | 798,061 |
| 1959 | 3,185,005 | 108,123 | 32,507 | 75,616 | 33.9 | 10.2 | 23.7 | 4.06 | 806,211 |
| 1960 | 3,240,010 | 110,499 | 33,360 | 77,139 | 34.1 | 10.3 | 23.8 | 4.06 | 814,360 |
| 1961 | 3,291,684 | 108,076 | 29,413 | 78,663 | 32.8 | 8.9 | 23.9 | 3.91 | 822,510 |
| 1962 | 3,338,505 | 106,826 | 31,087 | 75,739 | 32.0 | 9.3 | 22.7 | 3.86 | 838,877 |
| 1963 | 3,385,326 | 104,240 | 29,161 | 75,079 | 30.8 | 8.6 | 22.2 | 3.75 | 855,245 |
| 1964 | 3,432,147 | 101,147 | 29,846 | 71,301 | 29.5 | 8.7 | 20.8 | 3.62 | 871,612 |
| 1965 | 3,478,968 | 101,351 | 27,814 | 73,537 | 29.1 | 8.0 | 21.1 | 3.61 | 887,979 |
| 1966 | 3,525,789 | 97,689 | 25,138 | 72,551 | 27.7 | 7.1 | 20.6 | 3.46 | 904,347 |
| 1967 | 3,572,609 | 92,972 | 26,195 | 66,777 | 26.0 | 7.3 | 18.7 | 3.28 | 920,714 |
| 1968 | 3,619,430 | 89,134 | 26,031 | 63,103 | 24.6 | 7.2 | 17.4 | 3.14 | 937,081 |
| 1969 | 3,666,251 | 87,687 | 27,805 | 59,882 | 23.9 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 3.05 | 953,448 |
| 1970 | 3,713,072 | 79,296 | 26,355 | 52,941 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 14.3 | 2.74 | 969,816 |
| 1971 | 3,759,893 | 82,694 | 24,915 | 57,779 | 22.0 | 6.6 | 15.4 | 2.83 | 986,183 |
| 1972 | 3,797,523 | 82,068 | 26,844 | 55,224 | 21.6 | 7.1 | 14.5 | 2.76 | 998,220 |
| 1973 | 3,835,154 | 77,896 | 24,672 | 53,224 | 20.3 | 6.4 | 13.9 | 2.57 | 1,010,257 |
| 1974 | 3,872,784 | 77,833 | 23,661 | 54,172 | 20.1 | 6.1 | 14.0 | 2.52 | 1,022,293 |
| 1975 | 3,910,414 | 78,844 | 25,571 | 53,273 | 20.2 | 6.5 | 13.6 | 2.51 | 1,034,330 |
| 1976 | 3,948,045 | 79,061 | 25,178 | 53,883 | 20.0 | 6.4 | 13.6 | 2.47 | 1,046,367 |
| 1977 | 3,985,675 | 75,669 | 24,821 | 50,848 | 19.0 | 6.2 | 12.8 | 2.32 | 1,058,404 |
| 1978 | 4,023,305 | 73,306 | 26,016 | 47,290 | 18.2 | 6.5 | 11.8 | 2.21 | 1,070,441 |
| 1979 | 4,060,935 | 71,120 | 25,370 | 45,750 | 17.5 | 6.2 | 11.3 | 2.10 | 1,082,477 |
| 1980 | 4,098,566 | 70,928 | 26,115 | 44,813 | 17.3 | 6.4 | 10.9 | 2.06 | 1,094,514 |
| 1981 | 4,136,196 | 71,031 | 26,222 | 44,809 | 17.2 | 6.3 | 10.8 | 2.03 | 1,106,551 |
| 1982 | 4,160,280 | 73,375 | 26,775 | 46,600 | 17.6 | 6.4 | 11.2 | 2.09 | 1,105,958 |
| 1983 | 4,184,363 | 74,296 | 29,999 | 44,297 | 17.8 | 7.2 | 10.6 | 2.12 | 1,105,366 |
| 1984 | 4,208,447 | 74,539 | 29,046 | 45,493 | 17.7 | 6.9 | 10.8 | 2.13 | 1,104,773 |
| 1985 | 4,232,531 | 72,722 | 28,966 | 43,756 | 17.2 | 6.8 | 10.3 | 2.08 | 1,104,181 |
| 1986 | 4,256,615 | 71,203 | 29,127 | 42,076 | 16.7 | 6.8 | 9.9 | 2.04 | 1,103,588 |
| 1987 | 4,280,698 | 70,898 | 29,382 | 41,516 | 16.6 | 6.9 | 9.7 | 2.03 | 1,102,995 |
| 1988 | 4,304,782 | 70,711 | 29,555 | 41,156 | 16.4 | 6.9 | 9.6 | 2.03 | 1,102,403 |
| 1989 | 4,328,866 | 66,809 | 30,383 | 36,426 | 15.4 | 7.0 | 8.4 | 1.92 | 1,101,810 |
| 1990 | 4,352,949 | 66,952 | 29,093 | 37,859 | 15.4 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 1.93 | 1,101,218 |
| 1991 | 4,377,033 | 64,769 | 30,680 | 34,089 | 14.8 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 1.87 | 1,100,625 |
| 1992* | | | | | | | | | |
| 1993* | | | | | | | | | |
| 1994* | | | | | | | | | |
| 1995* | | | | | | | | | |
| 1996 | 3,368,597 | 46,594 | 25,152 | 21,442 | 13.8 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 1.88 | 862,840 |
| 1997 | 3,398,264 | 48,061 | 27,875 | 20,186 | 14.1 | 8.2 | 5.9 | 1.95 | 866,251 |
| 1998 | 3,423,921 | 45,007 | 28,679 | 16,328 | 13.1 | 8.4 | 4.8 | 1.83 | 870,474 |
| 1999 | 3,445,172 | 42,464 | 28,637 | 13,827 | 12.3 | 8.3 | 4.0 | 1.73 | 874,188 |
| 2000 | 3,462,336 | 39,563 | 30,482 | 9,081 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 2.6 | 1.61 | 876,695 |
| 2001 | 3,478,679 | 37,717 | 30,325 | 7,392 | 10.8 | 8.7 | 2.1 | 1.54 | 879,484 |
| 2002 | 3,493,146 | 36,485 | 30,831 | 5,654 | 10.4 | 8.8 | 1.6 | 1.49 | 881,166 |
| 2003 | 3,498,291 | 34,691 | 32,018 | 2,673 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 0.8 | 1.42 | 879,547 |
| 2004 | 3,501,467 | 33,862 | 32,223 | 1,639 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 0.5 | 1.38 | 877,903 |
| 2005 | 3,503,634 | 33,233 | 33,925 | -692 | 9.5 | 9.7 | -0.2 | 1.36 | 875,167 |
| 2006 | 3,500,212 | 33,038 | 32,652 | 386 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 0.1 | 1.36 | 871,089 |
| 2007 | 3,498,023 | 32,801 | 34,392 | -1,591 | 9.4 | 9.8 | -0.5 | 1.35 | 867,212 |
| 2008 | 3,493,737 | 34,023 | 33,871 | 152 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 1.41 | 859,217 |
| 2009 | 3,491,327 | 34,449 | 34,709 | -260 | 9.9 | 9.9 | -0.1 | 1.43 | 851,596 |
| 2010 | 3,488,441 | 33,445 | 34,905 | -1,460 | 9.6 | 10.0 | -0.4 | 1.40 | 847,365 |
| 2011 | 3,484,154 | 31,694 | 34,820 | -3,126 | 9.1 | 10.0 | -0.9 | 1.33 | 843,765 |
| 2012 | 3,479,339 | 32,414 | 35,578 | -3,164 | 9.3 | 10.2 | -0.9 | 1.36 | 839,698 |
| 2013 | 3,473,826 | 30,551 | 35,379 | -4,828 | 8.8 | 10.2 | -1.4 | 1.30 | 832,872 |
| 2014 | 3,466,507 | 30,134 | 35,692 | -5,558 | 8.7 | 10.3 | -1.6 | 1.29 | 825,060 |
| 2015 | 3,456,500 | 29,647 | 37,876 | -8,229 | 8.6 | 11.0 | -2.4 | 1.28 | 815,928 |
| 2016 | 3,447,001 | 29,985 | 36,065 | -6,080 | 8.7 | 10.5 | -1.8 | 1.30 | 806,794 |
| 2017 | 3,437,453 | 30,061 | 37,453 | -7,392 | 8.7 | 10.9 | -2.2 | 1.31 | 797,851 |
| 2018 | 3,427,369 | 29,328 | 37,237 | -7,909 | 8.6 | 10.9 | -2.3 | 1.29 | 789,269 |
| 2019 | 3,415,752 | 28,192 | 38,237 | -10,045 | 8.3 | 11.2 | -2.9 | 1.26 | 781,299 |
| 2020 | 3,403,638 | 27,156 | 43,808 | -16,652 | 8.0 | 12.9 | -4.9 | 1.23 | 772,876 |
| 2021 | 3,378,821 | 26,993 | 49,682 | -22,689 | 8.0 | 14.7 | -6.7 | 1.24 | 763,709 |
| 2022 | 3,358,496 | 26,516 | 40,692 | -14,176 | 7.9 | 12.1 | -4.2 | 1.23 | 755,419 |
| 2023 | 3,345,818 | 26,294 | 34,983 | -8,689 | 7.9 | 10.5 | -2.6 | 1.23 | 748,332 |
*No data for the period 1992–1995

### Current vital statistics

| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
| January - September 2023 | 18,344 | 25,807 | -7,463 |
| January - September 2024 | 18,000 | 26,373 | -8,373 |
| Difference | -344 (-1.87%) | +566 (+2.19%) | -910 |

### Structure of the population

| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 1 732 270 | 1 798 889 | 3 531 159 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 89 442 | 84 622 | 174 064 | 4.93 |
| 5–9 | 90 881 | 86 099 | 176 980 | 5.01 |
| 10–14 | 98 653 | 94 022 | 192 675 | 5.46 |
| 15–19 | 124 900 | 117 842 | 242 742 | 6.87 |
| 20–24 | 116 883 | 111 173 | 228 056 | 6.46 |
| 25–29 | 129 248 | 123 070 | 252 318 | 7.15 |
| 30–34 | 128 593 | 124 040 | 252 633 | 7.15 |
| 35–39 | 126 145 | 123 121 | 249 266 | 7.06 |
| 40–44 | 121 595 | 119 543 | 241 138 | 6.83 |
| 45–49 | 130 087 | 130 841 | 260 928 | 7.39 |
| 50–54 | 136 153 | 140 422 | 276 575 | 7.83 |
| 55–59 | 125 576 | 132 961 | 258 537 | 7.32 |
| 60–64 | 104 970 | 118 281 | 223 251 | 6.32 |
| 65–69 | 69 066 | 84 503 | 153 569 | 4.35 |
| 70–74 | 59 854 | 80 601 | 140 455 | 3.98 |
| 75–79 | 47 403 | 69 864 | 117 267 | 3.32 |
| 80–84 | 23 769 | 38 867 | 62 636 | 1.77 |
| 85+ | 9 052 | 19 017 | 28 069 | 0.79 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 278 976 | 264 743 | 543 719 | 15.40 |
| 15–64 | 1 244 150 | 1 241 294 | 2 485 444 | 70.39 |
| 65+ | 209 144 | 292 852 | 501 996 | 14.22 |

### Vital statistics by entity
#### Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Source: Institute for Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | Mid-year population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1,000) | Crude death rate (per 1,000) | Natural change (per 1,000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
| 1991 | 2,720,074 | 42,426 | 18,332 | 24,094 | 15.6 | 6.7 | 8.9 | 1.92 | 696,784 |
| 1992 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1993 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1994 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1995 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1996 | 2,141,341 | 34,331 | 14,221 | 20,110 | 16.0 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 2.05 | 579,263 |
| 1997 | 2,161,442 | 34,304 | 16,120 | 18,184 | 15.9 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 2.06 | 581,215 |
| 1998 | 2,176,885 | 31,480 | 16,210 | 15,270 | 14.5 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 1.90 | 583,979 |
| 1999 | 2,189,576 | 27,964 | 16,108 | 11,856 | 12.8 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 1.70 | 586,234 |
| 2000 | 2,199,128 | 25,372 | 17,112 | 8,260 | 11.5 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 1.54 | 587,282 |
| 2001 | 2,208,263 | 24,018 | 16,891 | 7,127 | 10.9 | 7.6 | 3.2 | 1.47 | 588,612 |
| 2002 | 2,215,548 | 23,251 | 17,175 | 6,076 | 10.5 | 7.8 | 2.7 | 1.43 | 588,834 |
| 2003 | 2,222,079 | 23,168 | 18,259 | 4,909 | 10.4 | 8.2 | 2.2 | 1.42 | 588,042 |
| 2004 | 2,227,181 | 22,250 | 18,350 | 3,900 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 1.8 | 1.36 | 587,226 |
| 2005 | 2,231,764 | 21,934 | 19,293 | 2,641 | 9.8 | 8.6 | 1.2 | 1.35 | 585,319 |
| 2006 | 2,230,967 | 21,602 | 18,678 | 2,924 | 9.7 | 8.4 | 1.3 | 1.33 | 582,071 |
| 2007 | 2,231,548 | 21,715 | 19,428 | 2,287 | 9.7 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 1.35 | 579,026 |
| 2008 | 2,229,787 | 22,920 | 19,480 | 3,440 | 10.3 | 8.7 | 1.5 | 1.43 | 571,863 |
| 2009 | 2,229,072 | 22,913 | 20,022 | 2,891 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 1.3 | 1.44 | 565,074 |
| 2010 | 2,228,027 | 22,382 | 20,482 | 1,900 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 0.9 | 1.41 | 561,677 |
| 2011 | 2,226,011 | 21,228 | 20,208 | 1,020 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 0.5 | 1.34 | 558,911 |
| 2012 | 2,222,587 | 21,472 | 20,859 | 613 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 0.3 | 1.36 | 555,678 |
| 2013 | 2,219,131 | 20,145 | 20,465 | -320 | 9.1 | 9.2 | -0.1 | 1.29 | 551,251 |
| 2014 | 2,215,997 | 19,880 | 20,283 | -403 | 9.0 | 9.2 | -0.2 | 1.29 | 546,324 |
| 2015 | 2,210,994 | 19,358 | 21,703 | -2,345 | 8.8 | 9.8 | -1.1 | 1.26 | 540,354 |
| 2016 | 2,206,231 | 19,655 | 21,105 | -1,450 | 8.9 | 9.6 | -0.7 | 1.28 | 534,268 |
| 2017 | 2,201,193 | 19,824 | 21,689 | -1,865 | 9.0 | 9.9 | -0.8 | 1.29 | 528,096 |
| 2018 | 2,196,233 | 18,899 | 21,442 | -2,543 | 8.6 | 9.8 | -1.2 | 1.25 | 522,242 |
| 2019 | 2,190,098 | 18,019 | 22,024 | -4,005 | 8.2 | 10.1 | -1.8 | 1.21 | 516,595 |
| 2020 | 2,184,680 | 17,211 | 26,026 | -8,815 | 7.9 | 11.9 | -4.0 | 1.16 | 512,053 |
| 2021 | 2,168,602 | 16,873 | 29,086 | -12,213 | 7.8 | 13.4 | -5.6 | 1.15 | 506,760 |
| 2022 | 2,156,846 | 16,538 | 23,187 | -6,649 | 7.7 | 10.8 | -3.1 | 1.14 | 501,018 |
| 2023 | 2,150,054 | 16,174 | 20,361 | -4,187 | 7.5 | 9.5 | -1.9 | 1.13 | 496,545 |

##### Current vital statistics

| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
| January - September 2023 | 11,418 | 14,763 | -3,345 |
| January - September 2024 | 11,228 | 14,739 | -3,511 |
| Difference | -190 (-1.66%) | -24 (-0.16%) | -166 |

#### Republika Srpska

Source: Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics
| | Mid-year population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
| 1991 | 1,569,332 | 21,149 | 11,735 | 9,414 | 13.5 | 7.5 | 6.0 | 1.79 | 381,699 |
| 1992 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1993 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1994 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1995 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1996 | 1,193,656 | 11,939 | 10,676 | 1,263 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 1.54 | 274,878 |
| 1997 | 1,194,919 | 13,374 | 11,464 | 1,910 | 11.2 | 9.6 | 1.6 | 1.73 | 274,188 |
| 1998 | 1,196,829 | 13,046 | 12,123 | 923 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 0.8 | 1.69 | 273,497 |
| 1999 | 1,197,086 | 13,995 | 12,152 | 1,843 | 11.7 | 10.2 | 1.5 | 1.83 | 272,806 |
| 2000 | 1,196,395 | 13,643 | 12,960 | 683 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 1.78 | 272,116 |
| 2001 | 1,195,299 | 13,047 | 12,932 | 115 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 0.1 | 1.72 | 271,425 |
| 2002 | 1,194,178 | 12,336 | 12,980 | -644 | 10.3 | 10.9 | -0.5 | 1.62 | 270,735 |
| 2003 | 1,192,622 | 10,537 | 12,988 | -2,451 | 8.8 | 10.9 | -2.1 | 1.40 | 270,044 |
| 2004 | 1,190,526 | 10,628 | 13,082 | -2,454 | 8.9 | 11.0 | -2.1 | 1.41 | 269,354 |
| 2005 | 1,187,940 | 10,322 | 13,802 | -3,480 | 8.7 | 11.6 | -2.9 | 1.37 | 268,663 |
| 2006 | 1,185,145 | 10,524 | 13,232 | -2,708 | 8.9 | 11.2 | -2.3 | 1.40 | 267,972 |
| 2007 | 1,182,217 | 10,110 | 14,146 | -4,036 | 8.6 | 12.0 | -3.4 | 1.34 | 267,282 |
| 2008 | 1,179,717 | 10,198 | 13,501 | -3,303 | 8.6 | 11.4 | -2.8 | 1.36 | 266,591 |
| 2009 | 1,177,995 | 10,603 | 13,775 | -3,172 | 9.0 | 11.7 | -2.7 | 1.41 | 265,901 |
| 2010 | 1,176,419 | 10,147 | 13,517 | -3,370 | 8.6 | 11.5 | -2.9 | 1.35 | 265,210 |
| 2011 | 1,174,420 | 9,561 | 13,658 | -4,097 | 8.1 | 11.6 | -3.5 | 1.28 | 264,520 |
| 2012 | 1,173,131 | 9,978 | 13,796 | -3,818 | 8.5 | 11.8 | -3.3 | 1.34 | 263,829 |
| 2013 | 1,171,179 | 9,510 | 13,978 | -4,468 | 8.1 | 11.9 | -3.8 | 1.29 | 261,574 |
| 2014 | 1,167,082 | 9,335 | 14,409 | -5,074 | 8.0 | 12.3 | -4.3 | 1.28 | 258,833 |
| 2015 | 1,162,164 | 9,357 | 15,059 | -5,702 | 8.1 | 13.0 | -4.9 | 1.29 | 255,815 |
| 2016 | 1,157,516 | 9,452 | 13,970 | -4,518 | 8.2 | 12.1 | -3.9 | 1.32 | 252,911 |
| 2017 | 1,153,017 | 9,339 | 14,663 | -5,324 | 8.1 | 12.7 | -4.6 | 1.31 | 250,241 |
| 2018 | 1,147,902 | 9,568 | 14,763 | -5,195 | 8.3 | 12.9 | -4.5 | 1.37 | 247,599 |
| 2019 | 1,142,495 | 9,274 | 15,081 | -5,807 | 8.1 | 13.2 | -5.1 | 1.34 | 245,368 |
| 2020 | 1,136,274 | 9,161 | 16,582 | -7,421 | 8.1 | 14.6 | -6.5 | 1.36 | 241,626 |
| 2021 | 1,128,309 | 9,274 | 19,002 | -9,728 | 8.2 | 16.8 | -8.6 | 1.41 | 237,927 |
| 2022 | 1,120,236 | 9,118 | 16,263 | -7,145 | 8.1 | 14.5 | -6.4 | 1.40 | 235,589 |
| 2023 | 1,114,819 | 9,309 | 13,508 | -4,199 | 8.4 | 12.1 | -3.8 | 1.45 | 233,233 |

##### Current vital statistics

| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
| January - September 2023 | 6,330 | 10,229 | -3,899 |
| January - September 2024 | 6,191 | 10,736 | -4,545 |
| Difference | -139 (-2.20%) | +507 (+4.96%) | -646 |

#### Brčko District

Source: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Statistics of the Brčko District BiH
| | Mid-year population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
| 1991 | 87,627 | 1,194 | 613 | 581 | 13.6 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 1.69 | 22,142 |
| 1992 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1993 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1994 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1995 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1996 | 33,600 | 324 | 255 | 69 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 2.1 | 1.38 | 8,699 |
| 1997 | 41,903 | 383 | 291 | 92 | 9.1 | 6.9 | 2.2 | 1.31 | 10,848 |
| 1998 | 50,207 | 481 | 346 | 135 | 9.6 | 6.9 | 2.7 | 1.38 | 12,998 |
| 1999 | 58,510 | 505 | 377 | 128 | 8.6 | 6.4 | 2.2 | 1.24 | 15,148 |
| 2000 | 66,813 | 548 | 410 | 138 | 8.2 | 6.1 | 2.1 | 1.17 | 17,297 |
| 2001 | 75,117 | 652 | 502 | 150 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 2.0 | 1.25 | 19,447 |
| 2002 | 83,420 | 898 | 676 | 222 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 2.7 | 1.58 | 21,597 |
| 2003 | 83,590 | 986 | 771 | 215 | 11.8 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 1.72 | 21,461 |
| 2004 | 83,760 | 984 | 791 | 193 | 11.7 | 9.4 | 2.3 | 1.73 | 21,323 |
| 2005 | 83,930 | 977 | 830 | 147 | 11.6 | 9.9 | 1.8 | 1.70 | 21,185 |
| 2006 | 84,100 | 912 | 742 | 170 | 10.8 | 8.8 | 2.0 | 1.59 | 21,045 |
| 2007 | 84,258 | 976 | 818 | 158 | 11.6 | 9.7 | 1.9 | 1.71 | 20,905 |
| 2008 | 84,233 | 905 | 890 | 15 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 0.2 | 1.58 | 20,763 |
| 2009 | 84,260 | 933 | 912 | 21 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 0.2 | 1.63 | 20,621 |
| 2010 | 83,995 | 916 | 906 | 10 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 0.1 | 1.61 | 20,478 |
| 2011 | 83,723 | 905 | 954 | -49 | 10.8 | 11.4 | -0.6 | 1.61 | 20,335 |
| 2012 | 83,621 | 964 | 923 | 41 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 0.5 | 1.71 | 20,191 |
| 2013 | 83,516 | 896 | 936 | -40 | 10.7 | 11.2 | -0.5 | 1.60 | 20,047 |
| 2014 | 83,428 | 919 | 1,000 | -81 | 11.0 | 12.0 | -1.0 | 1.65 | 19,903 |
| 2015 | 83,342 | 932 | 1,114 | -182 | 11.2 | 13.4 | -2.2 | 1.69 | 19,759 |
| 2016 | 83,254 | 878 | 990 | -112 | 10.5 | 11.9 | -1.3 | 1.59 | 19,615 |
| 2017 | 83,243 | 898 | 1,101 | -203 | 10.8 | 13.2 | -2.4 | 1.63 | 19,514 |
| 2018 | 83,234 | 861 | 1,032 | -171 | 10.3 | 12.4 | -2.1 | 1.58 | 19,428 |
| 2019 | 83,159 | 899 | 1,132 | -233 | 10.8 | 13.6 | -2.8 | 1.66 | 19,336 |
| 2020 | 82,684 | 784 | 1,200 | -416 | 9.5 | 14.5 | -5.0 | 1.47 | 19,197 |
| 2021 | 81,910 | 846 | 1,594 | -748 | 10.3 | 19.5 | -9.1 | 1.58 | 19,022 |
| 2022 | 81,414 | 860 | 1,242 | -382 | 10.6 | 15.3 | -4.7 | 1.63 | 18,812 |
| 2023 | 80,945 | 811 | 1,114 | -303 | 10.0 | 13.8 | -3.7 | 1.56 | 18,554 |

##### Current vital statistics

| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
| January - September 2023 | 596 | 815 | -219 |
| January - June 2024 | 581 | 898 | -317 |
| Difference | -15 (-2.52%) | +83 (+10.18%) | -98 |

### Marriages and divorces

| | Mid-year | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1,000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1,000) | Divorces per 1,000 marriages |
| 1950 | 2,662,010 | 30,242 | 2,447 | 11.4 | 0.9 | 80.9 |
| 1951 | 2,721,009 | 30,638 | 1,883 | 11.3 | 0.7 | 61.5 |
| 1952 | 2,790,991 | 33,040 | 1,313 | 11.8 | 0.5 | 39.7 |
| 1953 | 2,863,124 | 31,069 | 1,931 | 10.9 | 0.7 | 62.2 |
| 1954 | 2,916,007 | 31,658 | 2,023 | 10.9 | 0.7 | 63.9 |
| 1955 | 2,973,986 | 29,179 | 2,331 | 9.8 | 0.8 | 79.9 |
| 1956 | 3,025,000 | 27,361 | 2,596 | 9.0 | 0.9 | 94.9 |
| 1957 | 3,076,006 | 27,928 | 2,662 | 9.1 | 0.9 | 95.3 |
| 1958 | 3,126,012 | 33,901 | 3,249 | 10.8 | 1.0 | 95.8 |
| 1959 | 3,185,005 | 31,926 | 2,788 | 10.0 | 0.9 | 87.3 |
| 1960 | 3,240,010 | 32,855 | 3,320 | 10.1 | 1.0 | 101.1 |
| 1961 | 3,291,684 | 31,842 | 3,126 | 9.7 | 0.9 | 98.2 |
| 1962 | 3,368,774 | 30,620 | 3,150 | 9.1 | 0.9 | 102.9 |
| 1963 | 3,444,107 | 29,749 | 3,002 | 8.6 | 0.9 | 100.9 |
| 1964 | 3,517,207 | 31,424 | 3,267 | 8.9 | 0.9 | 104.0 |
| 1965 | 3,589,486 | 33,214 | 2,693 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 81.1 |
| 1966 | 3,667,002 | 31,842 | 3,554 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 111.6 |
| 1967 | 3,735,394 | 31,116 | 3,181 | 8.3 | 0.9 | 102.2 |
| 1968 | 3,750,866 | 30,814 | 2,865 | 8.2 | 0.8 | 93.0 |
| 1969 | 3,710,120 | 31,868 | 2,960 | 8.6 | 0.8 | 92.9 |
| 1970 | 3,708,455 | 34,411 | 3,074 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 89.3 |
| 1971 | 3,759,893 | 35,290 | 3,114 | 9.4 | 0.8 | 88.2 |
| 1972 | 3,818,703 | 34,660 | 3,201 | 9.1 | 0.8 | 92.4 |
| 1973 | 3,871,815 | 33,991 | 3,429 | 8.8 | 0.9 | 100.9 |
| 1974 | 3,924,760 | 34,917 | 3,579 | 8.9 | 0.9 | 102.5 |
| 1975 | 3,976,913 | 35,776 | 4,512 | 9.0 | 1.1 | 126.1 |
| 1976 | 4,033,031 | 33,849 | 3,696 | 8.4 | 0.9 | 109.2 |
| 1977 | 4,085,918 | 34,951 | 3,023 | 8.6 | 0.7 | 86.5 |
| 1978 | 4,134,878 | 34,970 | 3,423 | 8.5 | 0.8 | 97.9 |
| 1979 | 4,147,344 | 35,111 | 3,055 | 8.5 | 0.7 | 87.0 |
| 1980 | 4,125,486 | 35,012 | 2,610 | 8.5 | 0.6 | 74.5 |
| 1981 | 4,136,196 | 36,631 | 3,419 | 8.9 | 0.8 | 93.3 |
| 1982 | 4,154,000 | 36,422 | 3,075 | 8.8 | 0.7 | 84.4 |
| 1983 | 4,178,000 | 37,239 | 3,149 | 8.9 | 0.8 | 84.6 |
| 1984 | 4,203,000 | 35,767 | 2,599 | 8.5 | 0.6 | 72.7 |
| 1985 | 4,227,000 | 35,015 | 2,926 | 8.3 | 0.7 | 83.6 |
| 1986 | 4,251,000 | 34,338 | 2,228 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 64.9 |
| 1987 | 4,275,000 | 34,466 | 2,118 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 61.5 |
| 1988 | 4,299,000 | 34,700 | 2,089 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 60.2 |
| 1989 | 4,323,000 | 34,550 | 2,098 | 8.0 | 0.5 | 60.7 |
| 1990 | 4,347,000 | 29,990 | 1,756 | 6.9 | 0.4 | 58.6 |
| 1991 | 4,377,033 | 28,238 | 1,590 | 6.5 | 0.4 | 56.3 |
| 1992* | | | | | | |
| 1993* | | | | | | |
| 1994* | | | | | | |
| 1995* | | | | | | |
| 1996 | 3,530,799 | 21,107 | 1,115 | 6.0 | 0.3 | 52.8 |
| 1997 | 3,529,909 | 23,181 | 1,835 | 6.6 | 0.5 | 79.2 |
| 1998 | 3,529,573 | 22,398 | 1,964 | 6.3 | 0.6 | 87.7 |
| 1999 | 3,527,549 | 22,472 | 1,995 | 6.4 | 0.6 | 88.8 |
| 2000 | 3,524,627 | 21,897 | 1,929 | 6.2 | 0.5 | 88.1 |
| 2001 | 3,521,310 | 20,302 | 2,126 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 104.7 |
| 2002 | 3,517,955 | 20,766 | 2,330 | 5.9 | 0.7 | 112.2 |
| 2003 | 3,514,019 | 20,526 | 1,998 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 97.3 |
| 2004 | 3,509,542 | 21,620 | 1,524 | 6.2 | 0.4 | 70.5 |
| 2005 | 3,505,037 | 21,099 | 1,719 | 6.0 | 0.5 | 81.5 |
| 2006 | 3,501,621 | 20,545 | 1,548 | 5.9 | 0.4 | 75.3 |
| 2007 | 3,498,023 | 22,613 | 1,721 | 6.5 | 0.5 | 76.1 |
| 2008 | 3,493,737 | 21,990 | 1,337 | 6.3 | 0.4 | 60.8 |
| 2009 | 3,491,327 | 20,471 | 1,399 | 5.9 | 0.4 | 68.3 |
| 2010 | 3,488,441 | 19,373 | 1,665 | 5.6 | 0.5 | 85.9 |
| 2011 | 3,484,154 | 19,004 | 2,306 | 5.5 | 0.7 | 121.3 |
| 2012 | 3,479,234 | 18,089 | 2,290 | 5.2 | 0.7 | 126.6 |
| 2013 | 3,473,720 | 17,470 | 2,607 | 5.0 | 0.8 | 149.2 |
| 2014 | 3,466,388 | 18,468 | 2,678 | 5.3 | 0.8 | 145.0 |
| 2015 | 3,456,394 | 19,537 | 2,956 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 151.3 |
| 2016 | 3,447,001 | 19,006 | 2,759 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 145.2 |
| 2017 | 3,437,453 | 19,666 | 3,005 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 152.8 |
| 2018 | 3,427,369 | 19,659 | 3,084 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 156.9 |
| 2019 | 3,415,752 | 18,687 | 2,775 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 148.5 |

#### Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

| | Mid-year | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1,000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1,000) | Divorces per 1,000 marriages |
| 1991 | 2,720,074 | 18,352 | 813 | 6.7 | 0.3 | 44.3 |
| 1992 | | | | | | |
| 1993 | | | | | | |
| 1994 | | | | | | |
| 1995 | | | | | | |
| 1996 | 2,283,335 | 14,692 | 378 | 6.4 | 0.2 | 25.7 |
| 1997 | 2,281,226 | 16,061 | 1,098 | 7.0 | 0.5 | 68.4 |
| 1998 | 2,279,083 | 14,921 | 1,163 | 6.5 | 0.5 | 77.9 |
| 1999 | 2,276,927 | 14,285 | 1,201 | 6.3 | 0.5 | 84.1 |
| 2000 | 2,274,789 | 13,894 | 1,180 | 6.1 | 0.5 | 84.9 |
| 2001 | 2,272,655 | 12,758 | 1,286 | 5.6 | 0.6 | 100.8 |
| 2002 | 2,239,417 | 12,889 | 1,424 | 5.8 | 0.6 | 110.5 |
| 2003 | 2,237,334 | 13,102 | 1,174 | 5.9 | 0.5 | 89.6 |
| 2004 | 2,235,250 | 13,695 | 857 | 6.1 | 0.4 | 62.6 |
| 2005 | 2,233,167 | 13,620 | 966 | 6.1 | 0.4 | 70.9 |
| 2006 | 2,232,376 | 13,012 | 933 | 5.8 | 0.4 | 71.7 |
| 2007 | 2,231,548 | 14,808 | 1,031 | 6.6 | 0.5 | 69.6 |
| 2008 | 2,229,787 | 14,909 | 938 | 6.7 | 0.4 | 62.9 |
| 2009 | 2,229,072 | 13,670 | 805 | 6.1 | 0.4 | 58.9 |
| 2010 | 2,228,027 | 12,988 | 994 | 5.8 | 0.4 | 76.5 |
| 2011 | 2,226,011 | 12,589 | 1,221 | 5.7 | 0.5 | 97.0 |
| 2012 | 2,222,587 | 12,060 | 1,176 | 5.4 | 0.5 | 97.5 |
| 2013 | 2,219,131 | 11,381 | 1,364 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 119.8 |
| 2014 | 2,215,997 | 11,982 | 1,321 | 5.4 | 0.6 | 110.2 |
| 2015 | 2,210,994 | 12,972 | 1,502 | 5.9 | 0.7 | 115.8 |
| 2016 | 2,206,231 | 12,790 | 1,445 | 5.8 | 0.7 | 113.0 |
| 2017 | 2,201,193 | 12,994 | 1,725 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 132.8 |
| 2018 | 2,196,233 | 13,061 | 1,823 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 139.6 |
| 2019 | 2,190,098 | 12,266 | 1,673 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 136.4 |

#### Republika Srpska

| | Mid-year | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1,000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1,000) | Divorces per 1,000 marriages |
| 1991 | 1,569,332 | 9,232 | 621 | 5.9 | 0.4 | 67.3 |
| 1992 | | | | | | |
| 1993 | | | | | | |
| 1994 | | | | | | |
| 1995 | | | | | | |
| 1996 | 1,247,464 | 6,415 | 737 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 114.9 |
| 1997 | 1,248,683 | 7,120 | 737 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 103.5 |
| 1998 | 1,250,490 | 7,477 | 801 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 107.1 |
| 1999 | 1,250,622 | 8,187 | 794 | 6.5 | 0.6 | 97.0 |
| 2000 | 1,249,838 | 8,003 | 749 | 6.4 | 0.6 | 93.6 |
| 2001 | 1,248,655 | 7,544 | 840 | 6.0 | 0.7 | 111.3 |
| 2002 | 1,194,178 | 7,233 | 848 | 6.1 | 0.7 | 117.2 |
| 2003 | 1,192,622 | 6,769 | 744 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 109.9 |
| 2004 | 1,190,526 | 7,143 | 637 | 6.0 | 0.5 | 89.2 |
| 2005 | 1,187,940 | 6,810 | 721 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 105.9 |
| 2006 | 1,185,145 | 6,860 | 526 | 5.8 | 0.4 | 76.7 |
| 2007 | 1,182,217 | 7,093 | 596 | 6.0 | 0.5 | 84.0 |
| 2008 | 1,179,717 | 6,401 | 317 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 49.5 |
| 2009 | 1,177,995 | 6,131 | 455 | 5.2 | 0.4 | 74.2 |
| 2010 | 1,176,419 | 5,767 | 517 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 89.6 |
| 2011 | 1,174,420 | 5,802 | 886 | 4.9 | 0.8 | 152.7 |
| 2012 | 1,173,131 | 5,326 | 878 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 164.9 |
| 2013 | 1,171,179 | 5,467 | 1,052 | 4.7 | 0.9 | 192.4 |
| 2014 | 1,167,082 | 5,823 | 1,106 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 189.9 |
| 2015 | 1,162,164 | 5,895 | 1,143 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 193.9 |
| 2016 | 1,157,516 | 5,563 | 1,025 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 184.3 |
| 2017 | 1,153,017 | 5,954 | 985 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 165.4 |
| 2018 | 1,147,902 | 5,966 | 963 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 161.4 |
| 2019 | 1,142,495 | 5,822 | 920 | 5.1 | 0.8 | 158.0 |

#### Brčko District

| | Mid-year | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1,000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1,000) | Divorces per 1,000 marriages |
| 1991 | 87,627 | 654 | 156 | 7.5 | 1.8 | 238.5 |
| 1992 | | | | | | |
| 1993 | | | | | | |
| 1994 | | | | | | |
| 1995 | | | | | | |
| 1996 | | | | | | |
| 1997 | | | | | | |
| 1998 | | | | | | |
| 1999 | | | | | | |
| 2000 | | | | | | |
| 2001 | | | | | | |
| 2002 | 84,360 | 644 | 58 | 7.6 | 0.7 | 90.1 |
| 2003 | 84,063 | 655 | 80 | 7.8 | 1.0 | 122.1 |
| 2004 | 83,766 | 782 | 30 | 9.3 | 0.4 | 38.4 |
| 2005 | 83,930 | 669 | 32 | 8.0 | 0.4 | 47.8 |
| 2006 | 84,100 | 673 | 89 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 132.2 |
| 2007 | 84,258 | 712 | 94 | 8.5 | 1.1 | 132.0 |
| 2008 | 84,233 | 680 | 82 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 120.6 |
| 2009 | 84,260 | 670 | 139 | 8.0 | 1.6 | 207.5 |
| 2010 | 83,995 | 618 | 154 | 7.4 | 1.8 | 249.2 |
| 2011 | 83,723 | 613 | 199 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 324.6 |
| 2012 | 83,516 | 703 | 236 | 8.4 | 2.8 | 335.7 |
| 2013 | 83,410 | 622 | 191 | 7.5 | 2.3 | 307.1 |
| 2014 | 83,309 | 663 | 251 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 378.6 |
| 2015 | 83,236 | 670 | 311 | 8.0 | 3.7 | 464.2 |
| 2016 | 83,254 | 653 | 289 | 7.8 | 3.5 | 442.6 |
| 2017 | 83,243 | 718 | 295 | 8.6 | 3.5 | 410.9 |
| 2018 | 83,234 | 632 | 298 | 7.6 | 3.6 | 471.5 |
| 2019 | 83,159 | 599 | 182 | 7.2 | 2.2 | 303.8 |

### Life expectancy at birth in Bosnia and Herzegovina

| Period | Life expectancy in Years |
| 1950-1955 | 53.67 |
| 1955-1960 | 58.46 |
| 1960-1965 | 61.93 |
| 1965-1970 | 64.73 |
| 1970-1975 | 67.57 |
| 1975-1980 | 69.87 |
| 1980-1985 | 70.72 |
| 1985-1990 | 71.95 |
| 1990-1995 | 70.13 |
| 1995-2000 | 73.61 |
| 2000-2005 | 74.81 |
| 2005-2010 | 75.53 |
| 2010-2015 | 76.53 |
| 2015-2020 | 77.18 |

## Ethnic groups

According to data from the 2013 census published by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks constitute 50.11% of the population, Bosnian Serbs 30.78%, Bosnian Croats 15.43%, and others form 2.73%, with the remaining respondents not declaring their ethnicity or not answering.
The census results are contested by the Republika Srpska statistical office and by Bosnian Serb politicians, who oppose the inclusion of non-permanent Bosnian residents in the figures.
The European Union's statistics office, Eurostat, determined that the methodology used by the Bosnian statistical agency was in line with international recommendations.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is often linked to ethnicity, i.e. (with the exception of agnostics and atheists) most Bosniaks are Muslim, Serbs are Orthodox Christian, and Croats are Roman Catholic.
Population of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to ethnic group 1948-2013 :
| Ethnic group | Census 1948 | Census 1948 | Census 1953 | Census 1953 | Census 1961 | Census 1961 | Census 1971 | Census 1971 | Census 1981 | Census 1981 | Census 1991 | Census 1991 | Census UNHCR 1996 | Census UNHCR 1996 | Census 2013 | Census 2013 | Change 1991–2013 | Change 1991–2013 |
| Ethnic group | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Muslims/Bosniaks | 788,403 | 30.7 | 891,800 | 31.3 | 842,248 | 25.7 | 1,482,430 | 39.6 | 1,629,924 | 39.5 | 1,902,956 | 43.48 | 1,805,910 | 46.1 | 1,769,592 | 50.11 | -133,364 | +6.63pp |
| Serbs | 1,136,116 | 44.3 | 1,264,372 | 44.4 | 1,406,057 | 42.9 | 1,393,148 | 37.2 | 1,320,644 | 32.0 | 1,366,104 | 31.22 | 1,484,530 | 37.9 | 1,086,733 | 30.78 | -279,371 | -0.44pp |
| Croats | 614,123 | 23.9 | 654,229 | 23.0 | 711,665 | 21.7 | 772,491 | 20.6 | 758,136 | 18.4 | 760,852 | 17.39 | 571,317 | 14.6 | 544,780 | 15.43 | -216,072 | -1.96pp |
| Yugoslavs | | | | | 275,883 | 8.4 | 43,796 | 1.2 | 326,280 | 7.9 | 242,682 | 5.55 | | | 2,570 | 0.07 | | |
| Montenegrins | 3,094 | 0.1 | 7,336 | 0.3 | 12,828 | 0.4 | 13,021 | 0.3 | 14,114 | 0.3 | 10,071 | 0.23 | | | 1,883 | 0.05 | | |
| Roma | 442 | 0.0 | 2,297 | 0.1 | 588 | 0.0 | 1,456 | 0.0 | 7,251 | 0.2 | 8,864 | 0.20 | | | 12,583 | 0.36 | | |
| Albanians | | | | | 3,642 | 0.1 | 3,764 | 0.1 | 4,396 | 0.1 | 4,925 | 0.11 | | | 2,569 | 0.07 | | |
| Others/undeclared | 23,099 | 0.9 | 27,756 | 1.0 | 28,679 | 0.8 | 36,005 | 1 | 63,263 | 1.5 | 80,579 | 1.84 | 58,196 | 1.5 | 110,449 | 3.13 | | |
| Total | 2,565,277 | 2,565,277 | 2,847,790 | 2,847,790 | 3,277,948 | 3,277,948 | 3,746,111 | 3,746,111 | 4,124,008 | 4,124,008 | 4,377,033 | 4,377,033 | 3,919,953 | 3,919,953 | 3,531,159 | 3,531,159 | | |
* Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

### Languages

Bosnia's constitution does not specify any official languages; however, academics Hilary Footitt and Michael Kelly note that the Dayton Agreement states that it is "done in Bosnian, Croatian, English and Serbian", and they describe this as the "de facto recognition of three official languages" at the state level. The equal status of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian was verified by the Constitutional Court in 2000. It ruled that the provisions of the Federation and Republika Srpska constitutions on language were incompatible with the state constitution, since they only recognised "Bosniak" and Croatian (in the case of the Federation) and Serbian (in the case of Republika Srpska) as official languages at the entity level.
As a result, the wording of the entity constitutions was changed and all three languages were made official in both entities. The three languages are mutually intelligible and are also known collectively as Serbo-Croatian. Use of one of the three varieties has become a marker of ethnic identity. Michael Kelly and Catherine Baker argue: "The three official languages of today's Bosnian state...represent the symbolic assertion of national identity over the pragmatism of mutual intelligibility".
All standard varieties are based on the Ijekavian varieties of the Shtokavian dialect (non-standard spoken varieties including, beside Ijekavian, also Ikavian Shtokavian). Serbian and Bosnian are written in both Latin and Cyrillic (the latter predominantly using the Latin script), whereas Croatian is written only in Latin alphabet. There are also some speakers of Italian, German, Turkish and Ladino. Yugoslav Sign Language is used with Croatian and Serbian variants.
According to the results of the 2013 census, 52.86% of the population consider their mother tongue to be Bosnian, 30.76% Serbian, 14.6% Croatian and 1.57% another language, with 0.21% not giving an answer.
* Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Bosnian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Serbian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Croatian in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

### Religion

According to the 2013 census, 50.7% of the population identify religiously as Muslim, 30.75% as Serbian Orthodox Christian, 15.19% as Roman Catholic, 1.15% as other, 1.1% as agnostic or atheist, with the remainder not declaring their religion or not answering. A 2012 survey found that 47% of Bosnia's Muslims are non-denominational Muslims, while 45% follow Sunnism. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is strongly linked to ethnicity.
* Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879
* Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013
* Share of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

## Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

### Population

    3,378,821

### Age structure

    0-14 years: 13.18% (male 261,430/female 244,242)
    15-24 years: 10.83% (male 214,319/female 201,214)
    25-54 years: 44.52% (male 859,509/female 848,071)
    55-64 years: 15.24% (male 284,415/female 300,168)
    65 years and over: 16.22% (male 249,624/female 372,594) (2020 est.)

### Median age

    Total: 43.3 years
    Male: 41.6 years
    Female: 44.8 years (2020 est.)

### Sex ratio

    At birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
    0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
    15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
    25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
    55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
    65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
    Total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

### Infant mortality rate

    Total: 5.32 deaths/1,000 live births
    Male: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births
    Female: 5.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

### Life expectancy at birth

    Total population: 77.74 years
    Male: 74.76 years
    Female: 80.93 years (2021 est.)

### HIV/AIDS

    Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2018)
    People living with HIV/AIDS: Less than 500 (2018)
    Deaths: less than 100 (2018)

### Literacy

    Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
    Total population: 98.5%
    Male: 99.5%
    Female: 97.5% (2015 est.)