OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghargad

Ghargad Fort / Gadgada Fort ( Marathi: घरगड किल्ला ) is a fort located 145 km from Mumbai, in Nashik district, of Maharashtra. This fort is less visited fort in Nashik district. This fort is quite difficult to climb.

## History

Much less history about this fort is known. This fort surrendered to the British immediately after the fall of the Trymbakgad. Captain Briggs captured this fort in 1818. This fort was under the control of the British till Indian independence.

## How to reach

The nearest town is Ghoti which is 129 km from Mumbai. The base village of the fort is Gadgad Sangvi which is 16 km from Ghoti. There are good hotels at Ghoti. The trekking path starts from the hillock north of the base village. The route is narrow and covered with bushes. There are no trees on the trekking route. It takes about an hour to reach the entrance gate of the fort.

## Places to see

There are two gates on the main entrance path of the fort. There is a rock-cut water cistern and a cave on the fort. It takes about an hour to visit all places on the fort.
19°53′05.5″N 73°38′29.5″E﻿ / ﻿19.884861°N 73.641528°E﻿ / 19.884861; 73.641528
# Xylem Tube EP

Xylem Tube EP is an extended play record by the electronic music artist and producer Aphex Twin. It was released in June 1992 through the Belgian label R&S Records. All the songs on this EP can be found on the 1994 compilation of early Aphex Twin material Classics. The EP consists of four acid techno tracks, including "Polynomial-C" which features complex arpeggiation, and "Tamphex", a hardcore techno track featuring a looping sample of a Tampax television advert.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Richard David James.
# Elima

Elima or Elimä may refer to:
* Aphnaeus elima, species of lycaenid or blue butterfly found in Asia
* Kurt Elimä (born 1939), Swedish ski jumper who competed from 1963 to 1966
* Olivier Elima (born 1983), French rugby league footballer who has played in the 2000s and 2010s
* TC Elima, football club from DR Congo
* Elimäki (Swedish: Elimä), former municipality of Finland
# Ezra Nahmad

Ezra Nahmad (born 1945) is a Monegasque billionaire art dealer and collector of Syrian descent. He lives in Monte Carlo, Monaco. As of April 2023, his net worth is estimated at US$1.8 billion.

## Biography

Ezra was born in Beirut, Lebanon to a Sephardic Jewish family. The roots of the Nahmad family are in Aleppo, Syria, where his father, banker Hillel Nahmad lived until just after World War II. Following the Syrian anti-Jewish violence in 1949, his father moved to Beirut, where Ezra and his brothers sold English novels to US sailors stationed there. In the early 1960s, With the rise of Israeli threat against the Lebanese Republic, Ezra's father took him and his brothers, Joseph (Giuseppe) and David, to Milan, Italy. As teenagers, the three began to deal in art, and skipped school to trade on the Italian stock market.
Ezra's first career milestone is believed to have taken place at a Juan Gris exhibition in Rome, organized by cubist dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler. Ezra and his brother bought two works – the only pieces sold. Kahnweiler befriended them, selling them works by Picasso, Braque, and Gris. With the emergence of the Red Brigades terror group in the 1970s, Milan was perceived as too dangerous, and the family moved again. Ezra and his brother Joseph headed for Monaco, and David to New York City.

## Art collection

As of 2013, Ezra and his brother David are considered influential "mega-dealers" of modern and impressionist art by the most well-known names, from Monet and Matisse to Renoir and Rothko. They own an inventory of between 4,000 and 4,500 works, stored in the duty-free Geneva Freeport warehouse next to the airport in Geneva, Switzerland. The brothers buy and sell most of their works at auction. In 2007, Forbes estimated that Ezra, together with his brother David have built an art collection worth $7 to 8 billion. A 2015 billionaires' index places Ezra and his brother David the richest residents of Monaco.
In the 2016 Panama Papers leak scandal, Ezra Nahmad's name was associated to his family's web of offshore companies and schemes to evade taxes and manipulate the art market.

## Personal life

Nahmad is married to Marie Nahmad, resides in Monaco, and has four children. His son Helly Nahmad is a London-based art dealer. His daughter Michaela Nahmad is married to investor Nathaniel Meyohas. His cousin is the Brazilian banker Edmond Safra.
# Jacob Digre

Jacob Digre (1811–1891) was a Norwegian architect and builder. Digre's firm was one of the largest construction companies in Northern Norway. He built and designed several monumental buildings in Trondheim including Hjorten, Frimurerlogen, Britannia Hotel, and Mathesongården as well as a number of churches in central and northern Norway.
Digre was the son of Lars Larsen Digre and Brynhild Paulsøn Stavlund. He was married on 1 December 1843 to Anne Kristine Dahl at the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim. They had five children including Johan Digre, their first born child.
Digre started as a carpenter at the shipyard in Trondheim. In 1838, he established his own building company. In 1862, he bought Einar Gram's plant in Ila. Later, the plant was expanded with its own sawmill, carpentry factory, and architectural drawing office. After a fire in 1876, the plant was rebuilt and modernized. His son Johan Digre was an architect for the company, but after his death Karl Norum became the company's architect. After Jacob Digre's death in 1891, the sons Ludvig Bernhard Digre and Johannes Digre continued running the company. In 1904, the company was transformed into a limited company. In 1927 the company was closed down.
Digre designed several wooden churches in Norway including Ålen Church, Haltdalen Church, Edøy Church, and Mosvik Church.
# Abed Rabah

Abed Rabah (Hebrew: עאבד רבאח, Arabic: عبد رباح; born 9 June 1975) is an Israeli former professional footballer.

## Biography

Rabah is a graduate of the Technion in Haifa. There he was trained as a building engineer.

## Playing career

Before the start of the 2008/09 season, Bnei Sakhnin was drawn against Spanish club Deportivo de La Coruña in the Intertoto Cup after defeating FK Renova in round two. When the team took off from Ben Gurion International Airport for the second leg in A Coruña, Abed Rabah was among a group of players stopped in the airport for allegedly stealing perfumes.
After the Intertoto Cup matches, Rabah requested to leave Bnei Sakhnin for his youth club, Ahva Arraba. Sakhnin refused to release him from his contract until they found a suitable replacement. As soon as Eitan Azaria signed with Sakhnin, Rabah was released on free transfer to Arraba.

## Statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Hapoel Arraba | 1992-93 |
| Hapoel Arraba | 1993-94 |
| Hapoel Arraba | 1994-95 |
| Hapoel Arraba | 1995-96 |
| Hapoel Arraba | 1996-97 |
| Hapoel Arraba | 1997-98 |
| Hapoel Arraba | Total | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Bnei Sakhnin | 1998-99 |
| Bnei Sakhnin | 1999-00 |
| Bnei Sakhnin | 2000-01 |
| Bnei Sakhnin | Total | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hapoel Petah Tikva | 2001-02 | 33 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | – | - | - | - | - |
| Hapoel Petah Tikva | 2002-03 | 33 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | – | - | - | - | - |
| Hapoel Petah Tikva | 2003-04 | 32 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | – | - | - | - | - |
| Hapoel Petah Tikva | Total | 98 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Bnei Sakhnin | 2004-05 | 32 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | – | - | - | - | - |
| Bnei Sakhnin | 2005-06 | 31 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | – | - | - | - | - |
| Bnei Sakhnin | 2006-07 | 32 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 43 | 1 |
| Bnei Sakhnin | 2007-08 | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | – | – | - | - | 44 | 0 |
| Bnei Sakhnin | Total | 128 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ahva Arraba | 2008-09 | 21 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 4 |
| Ahva Arraba | Career total | Career total | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
# Overhang (climbing)

In rock climbing, an overhang is a type of route that leans back at an angle of over 90 degrees for part or all of the climb, and at its most severe can be a horizontal roof. Overhang (and roof) climbs have existed throughout climbing, originally in aid climbing where mechanical devices were used to first scale them. They became more common in free climbing during the 1990s as sport climbers used new training methods that enabled them to climb routes that were continuously, and severely, overhanging. Overhangs (and roofs) also feature prominently in advanced bouldering and in competition climbing.
Overhanging routes require a range of techniques to manage the demands placed on the upper body, as the feet are less weighted. Body positioning — keeping the hips close to the rock face and the arms straight — is important. Advanced techniques such as the drop-knee, side-pulls-underclings-gastons, and the full range of heel and toe hooks are used for this. Knee-bars and bat hangs are used to rest on the routes. Overhangs can force dynamic movements such as campusing and dynos, where the feet lose contact with the face. Exiting an overhang (or roof) can require awkward mantle moves.
Crack climbing techniques enabled traditional climbers to free climb dramatic roofs and overhangs, one of the most notable being Separate Reality. In 1991, Wolfgang Gullich, who had set several grade milestones on bolted face climbing sport-routes, ascended the short but severely overhanging Action Directe creating the first-ever 9a (5.14d) graded route. Gullich was a pioneer of plyometric training in climbing, which gave him the power to ascend severely overhanging routes. All subsequent grade milestones in climbing would come from continuously overhanging sport-climbing routes including Realization/Biographie, the first-ever 9a+ (5.15a), Jumbo Love, the first-ever 9b (5.15b), Change, the first-ever 9b+ (5.15c), and Silence the first-ever 9c (5.15d). The dominance of overhanging routes in sport climbing, meant that they also became standard in competition climbing routes.
Overhangs and roofs also feature prominently in advanced bouldering, including on notable routes such as The Mandala, Dreamtime, The Wheel of Life, and Burden of Dreams, the first-ever boulder problem to be graded 9A (V17). Several notable multi-pitch and big-wall routes, feature famous overhangs and roofs, including "The Great Roof" on pitch 22 of The Nose on El Capitan, and the enormous series of roofs on the north face of the Cima Ovest through which Bellavista [it] ascends, the world's first-ever 8c (5.14b) graded multi-pitch route. In 2019, Edu Marin [ca] freed Valhalla, the world's largest roof-climb spanning 405 metres (1,329 ft) over 14 pitches, and was also the world's first 5.15a (9a+) multi-pitch route.
# Mario Peretti

Mario Norberto Peretti (born 10 September 1943) is a retired Argentine athlete who specialised in the shot put and discus throw. He won several medals at continental level.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Argentina ||||||
| 1965 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 3rd | Shot put | 15.00 m |
| 1967 | Pan American Games | Winnipeg, Canada | 6th | Shot put | 15.63 m |
| 1967 | South American Championships | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 2nd | Shot put | 15.52 m |
| 1969 | South American Championships | Quito, Ecuador | 2nd | Shot put | 15.65 m |
| 1969 | South American Championships | Quito, Ecuador | 6th | Discus throw | 42.24 m |
| 1971 | Pan American Games | Cali, Colombia | 5th | Shot put | 16.23 m |
| 1971 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 3rd | Shot put | 15.63 m |
| 1971 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 6th | Discus throw | 43.82 m |
| 1975 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 4th | Shot put | 15.00 m |
| 1975 | South American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 3rd | Discus throw | 47.82 m |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* Shot put – 16.36 metres (Bahía Blanca 1971)
* Discus throw – 48.26 metres (Bahía Blanca 1974)
# Fengfu

Fengfu may refer to:
* Fengfu (風府) acupuncture point: wind palace
* Fengfu railway station, a railway station on the Taiwan Railways Administration Taichung line
* Fengfu Village (豐富里), Houlong, Miaoli, Taiwan
* Sui Fengfu (born 1956), a former Chinese agricultural official
* Tingalaw (豐富部落; Fengfu), a tribe in Fengbin Township, Hualien County, Taiwan
# Forbidden Dream

Forbidden Dream (Korean: 천문: 하늘에 묻는다; RR: Cheonmun: haneul-e mudneunda; lit. Doors to Heaven) is a 2019 South Korean historical drama film directed by Hur Jin-ho and written by Jung Bum-shik and Lee Ji-min. Screenplay by Choi Gun-ho. Based on a true story, it portrays Sejong the Great (Han Suk-kyu), king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea, and his relationship with his greatest scientist, Jang Yeong-sil (Choi Min-sik). It made its international debut at the 2020 New York Asian Film Festival in August 2020.

## Synopsis

King Sejong (Han Suk-kyu), the greatest ruler in Chosun history seeks to enhance national prosperity and military power through astronomy with the help of his greatest scientist, Jang Yeong-sil (Choi Min-sik). For twenty years they forged a relationship but due to an incident, Jang Yeong-sil was removed from his post and disappeared completely.

## Cast

* Choi Min-sik as Jang Yeong-sil
* Han Suk-kyu as Sejong
* Park Sung-hoon as Lee Hyang
* Shin Goo as Hwang Hui
* Kim Hong-fa as Yi Cheon
* Huh Joon-ho as Cho Mal-saeng
* Kim Tae-woo as Jeong Nam-son
* Kim Won-hae as Cho Soon-saeng
* Im Won-hee as Lim Hyo-don
* Yoon Je-moon as Choi Hyo-nam
* Jeon Yeo-been as Sa-im
* Oh Hee-joon as Young eunuch

## Accolades

| Award ceremony | Year | Category | Nominee | Result |
| Baeksang Arts Awards | 2020 | Best Actor | Han Suk-kyu | Nominated |
| Blue Dragon Film Awards | 2021 | Best Art Direction | Cho Hwa-sung, Choi Hyun-seok | Nominated |
| Blue Dragon Film Awards | 2021 | Best Music | Jo Seong-woo | Nominated |
| Buil Film Awards | 2020 | Best Actor | Han Suk-kyu | Nominated |
| Chunsa Film Art Awards | 2020 | Best Director | Hur Jin-ho | Nominated |
| Chunsa Film Art Awards | 2020 | Best Screenplay | Jung Bum-sik, Lee Ji-min | Nominated |
| Chunsa Film Art Awards | 2020 | Best Actor | Han Suk-kyu | Nominated |
| Chunsa Film Art Awards | 2020 | Best Supporting Actor | Shin Goo | Nominated |
| Chunsa Film Art Awards | 2020 | Technical Award | Jo Hwa-seong | Nominated |
| Grand Bell Awards | 2020 | Best Film | Forbidden Dream | Nominated |
| Grand Bell Awards | 2020 | Best Actor | Han Suk-kyu | Nominated |
| Grand Bell Awards | 2020 | Best Supporting Actor | Shin Goo | Nominated |
| Grand Bell Awards | 2020 | Best Art Direction | Cho Hwa-sung | Nominated |
| Grand Bell Awards | 2020 | Best Lighting | Lee Seung-hwan | Nominated |
| Grand Bell Awards | 2020 | Best Costume Design | Cho Sang-kyung | Nominated |
# Amorite language

Amorite is an extinct early Semitic language, formerly spoken during the Bronze Age by the Amorite tribes prominent in ancient Near Eastern history. It is known from Ugaritic, which is classed by some as its westernmost dialect, and from non-Akkadian proper names recorded by Akkadian scribes during periods of Amorite rule in Babylonia (the end of the 3rd and the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC), notably from Mari and to a lesser extent Alalakh, Tell Harmal and Khafajah. Occasionally, such names are also found in early Egyptian texts; and one place name, "Sənīr" (שְׂנִיר) for Mount Hermon, is known from the Bible (Book of Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy 3:9).
Amorite is considered an archaic Northwest Semitic language.
Notable characteristics include the following:
* The usual Northwest Semitic imperfective-perfective distinction is found: Yantin-Dagan, 'Dagon gives' (ntn); Raṣa-Dagan, 'Dagon was pleased' (rṣy). It included a 3rd-person suffix -a (unlike Akkadian or Hebrew) and an imperfect vowel, a-, as in Arabic rather than the Hebrew and Aramaic -i-.
* There was a verb form with a geminate second consonant — Yabanni-Il, 'God creates' (root bny).
* In several cases that Akkadian has š, Amorite, like Hebrew and Arabic, has h, thus hu 'his', -haa 'her', causative h- or ʼ- (I. Gelb 1958).
* The 1st-person perfect is in -ti (singular), -nu (plural), as in the Canaanite languages.
In 2022, two large, 3,800-year-old, Amorite-Akkadian bilingual tablets were published, yielding a large corpus of Northwest Semitic. The text, in the Amorite/Canaanite languages, bears a recognizable similarity to Hebrew, and demonstrates that a spoken language very close to Hebrew existed by the second millennium BCE, rather than the first millennium BCE.
# Manoj Singh Mandavi

Manoj Singh Mandavi (14 November 1964 – 16 October 2022) was an Indian politician and a member of the 4th Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly, elected from the Bhanupratappur constituency in the 2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.

## Early life and education

Mandavi was born on 14 November 1964 to Hari Shankar Mandavi and hailed from Telagara village, then in Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh, presently in Kanker district of Chhattisgarh. Despite being from a tribal background, Mandavi received a high level of education. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1986 and earned a Master of Arts in Sociology in 1988, both from Government Degree College, Kanker affiliated to Ravishankar University Raipur.

## Political career

Mandavi was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the state of Madhya Pradesh in 1998. Following the creation of the state of Chhattisgarh by the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 Mandavi became a member of the new state's legislative assembly. He served as Minister of State for home and prisons in Ajit Jogi's government of Chhattisgarh between 2000 and 2003. Mandavi contested from the Bhanupratappur constituency for the first time in 2003 as an Indian National Congress (INC) candidate, but lost to BJP's Deo Lal Dugga by a margin of only 1379 votes. In the next legislative election of 2008, now contesting as an Independent candidate, he lost to BJP's Bramhanand by 15479 votes.
In 2013, Mandavi won in the Bhanupratappur constituency as an INC candidate with 64,837 votes, defeating BJP's Satish Latiya and securing 45.98% of the total vote share. He repeated this in the 2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election with 72,520 votes, gaining 49.07% of the total vote share and defeating BJP's Deo Lal Dugga in the process.
On 30 November 2019, Mandavi filed nomination papers for the post of Deputy Speaker in the 4th Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the post unanimously on 2 December 2019. He was succeeded by his wife Savitri Manoj Mandavi, who won the bye election after his death.

## Personal life and death

Mandavi married Savitri Manoj Mandavi on 21 February 1995, with whom he had two sons. They lived in Nathia Nawagaon in Charama tehsil of Kanker district of Chhattisgarh.
Mandavi fell ill in his home village of Nathia Nawagaon on 15 October 2022. He was taken to hospital in nearby Charama before being transferred to a hospital at Dhamtari where he died on 16 October, after suffering a heart attack. To mark Mandavi's death, the state government implemented a one-day period of mourning in Kanker district and the capital city of Raipur on 16 October 2022. Government-hosted entertainment was cancelled and the national flag was flown at half mast. Mandavi was to be buried in his village later that day.
# Adam Hanieh

Adam Hanieh is a development studies academic based in the United Kingdom. He is Professor of Political Economy and Global Development at the University of Exeter and Joint Chair in Middle East Studies at Tsinghua University. He was formerly Professor in Development Studies at SOAS, University of London, a founding member of the SOAS Centre for Palestine Studies, and a former member of the Council for British Research in the Levant. He is noted for his research on Marxism, the political economy of the Middle East, labour migration, class and state formation in the Gulf Cooperation Council, and Palestine studies.
From 1997 to 2003, Hanieh lived in Palestine, where he completed an MA in Regional Studies at Al Quds University. Hanieh holds a PhD in political science from York University in Canada and previously taught at Zayed University in the United Arab Emirates before joining SOAS in London.
Hanieh also leads the New Regionalisms Working Group of the Arab Council for the Social Sciences.
His latest book, Money, Markets, and Monarchies: The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Political Economy of the Contemporary Middle East (Cambridge University Press, 2018), was awarded the 2019 International Political Economy Group Book Prize of the British International Studies Association.

## Select Bibliography

* Capitalism and Class in the Gulf Arab States. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. This book analyzes the recent development of Gulf capitalism through to the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis. Situating the Gulf within the evolution of capitalism at a global scale, it presents a novel theoretical interpretation of this important region of the Middle East political economy.
* Lineages of Revolt. Issues of Contemporary Capitalism in the Middle East. Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2013. This book is about origins and impact of neoliberal development in the Middle East. Case studies detail the impact of neoliberalism on deregulations, debt & loan policy, working conditions, trade and the institutional reconfiguration of the state since WWII.
* Money, Markets, and Monarchies: The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Political Economy of the Contemporary Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
* "The Political Economy of State Formation in Palestine." In Rethinking Statehood in Palestine: Self-Determination and Decolonization Beyond Partition, edited by Leila H. Farsakh, 29-53. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2021.
# Kåre Karlsen

Kåre Karlsen (9 September 1930 – 4 September 2009) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.
He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Troms during the term 1973–1977. In total he met during 11 days of parliamentary session.
# Devon (disambiguation)

Devon is a county in England.
Devon also may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Devon Meadows, Victoria, a town
* Devon railway station, a former railway station in Victoria

### Canada

* Devon, Alberta, a town
* Devon, Nova Scotia, a rural community in the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia
* Devon, Ontario
* Devon Island, the second-largest of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut
* Devon, New Brunswick, a town until 1973, then amalgamated into Fredericton

### South Africa

* Devon, Gauteng, a small mining town

### United Kingdom

* Devon (European Parliament constituency)
* Devon (UK Parliament constituency)
* River Devon, Clackmannanshire, a river in Glen Devon, Scotland
* River Devon, Nottinghamshire, a river in England

### United States

* Devon (Milford), a village in Milford, Connecticut
* Devon, Kansas, an unincorporated community
* Devon, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place
** Devon station (Pennsylvania)
* Devon, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
* Devon Avenue (Chicago), a major street in Chicago, Illinois

## People

* Devon (given name)
* Devon (surname)

## Fiction

* The Devon School, a fictional school in John Knowles' novels A Separate Peace and Peace Breaks Out.
* Devon (The Office), a character in The Office
* Devon Hamilton, a fictional character in The Young and the Restless.

## Other uses

* Devon cattle, sometimes called North Devon cattle to distinguish it from South Devon cattle. "Devon cattle" is the same breed as "North Devon cattle".
* Devonian, a geologic period
* Devon (sausage)
* de Havilland Devon, aircraft
* Devon Energy, an energy company
* Devon Tower, corporate HQ
* Earl of Devon, a title