# Purbasthali

Purbasthali is a village in the Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. It is located 120 km north from Kolkata. Also known as Chupi Char, it lies on the banks of a large oxbow lake created by the Ganges river and is only 8 km from the old and holy town of Nabadwip. The 2–3 km long lake attracts migrants and water birds. The Purbasthali area has a fairly high level of arsenic in the ground water. And this place was popular for teaching ancient language Vedic Sanskrit, The famous & oldest educational institution in this village is "Purbasthali Nilmani Brahmachari Institution" which was founded in the year of 1887 by Sir Upendranath Brahmachari.

## Geography
### Location

Purbasthali lies close on the Tropic of Cancer. Purbasthali is a large block with a number of villages adjoining a large oxbow lake, created by the river Ganga, on its Western bank, in Purba Bardhaman district of West Bengal. It is 120 km north from Calcutta. On the Eastern bank of the river lies the old and holy town of Nabadwip. The entire Gangetic Isle complex of Purbasthali extends between the geographical coordinates from 88° 19' 45" to 88° 22' E longitude and 23° 26' to 23° 26'45" N latitude.

### Police station

Purbasthali police station has jurisdiction over parts of Purbasthali I and Purbasthali II CD Blocks. The area covered is 180.3 km$^2$.

### Physiography

Purbasthali is located on the agriculturally rich alluvial plains between the Bhagirathi, Ajay and Damodar rivers. Temperatures in this region varies from 17-18 °C in winter to 30-32 °C in summer. The whole area of Purbasthali is covered with greenery, fruit-gardens, flower-gardens and agricultural fields producing a considerable amount of vegetables and fruits for export.
Purbasthali region is located in the flood plains two major rivers Damodar and the Ganga. The wetland with the river course form a half moon shape between Nabadwip and Purbasthali. Topographic configuration is the typical monotonously low dipping Gangetic plain of West Bengal with an average height of 14 metres above mean sea level. During monsoon river gets flooded, with the water level within the wetland getting higher and under heavy rains the enclosed islands get submerged. The area is extremely rich in alluvial soil content. Hence an intense agriculture is practiced on both sides of the river. Main crops Rice, maize, corn, jute, mustard, potato and all sorts of vegetables are the main produce. There are a number of fruit orchards and horticulture gardens flank the river course. Even on the riverine isle and sandy river banks cultivation goes on during the post monsoon period from September till June. Banks of the channel and river course is dotted with villages under dense tree cover while paddy fields and grass lands border the wetland.

### The Oxbow Lake

The oxbow lake of Purbasthali sprawls over an area 3.50 km$^2$. in the post monsoon period of winter months. Beyond the lake, this river fed eco-system also forms a cluster of large and small islands comprise Purbasthali Gangetic Isle Complex. Formed by the meandering river Ganga, over last 40 years, the area has transformed into a closed loop, allowing emergence of the oxbow lake. This channel of water course in a length of about 10 kilometers feeds the oxbow lake with thin connectivity with the main river with shoals forming at the river mouth. The process of rapid and growing sedimentation threatens to cut off the channel in near future.
Thus the present course of the main river shifts further eastward while the original bed holds the loop with stranded water. Remote sensing images of the wetland clearly establishes the differences of turbidity between the main river and the wetland which has sandy clay sediment and crystal clear waters because of sedimentation of suspended solid particles in the stagnant stretches.

## Geology

On the basis of Geo-tectonic considerations, Purbasthali-Nabadwip region has been undergoing steady changes since time immemorial. River course has changed many times, due to geo-tectonic movements, forming small islands and oxbow lakes over last hundreds of years. The tectonic plates here are under constant collision resulted the changes in river course. A comparative study of the Survey of India topographic sheet published in 1973 with the remote sensing images of 1989-90&1992-93 coupled with observations from recent field visits, confirms the process of formation of this vast wetland besides some small but constant changes in topography occurring every year.

## Hydrology

This wetland is still connected with the river Ganga (Bhagirathi) and its hydrology is mainly controlled by the river Ganga. During rainy season, when the river gets flooded, the water level within the wetland gets higher and some times the island within the wetland also gets flooded. Although, it has a huge open catchment area all around the wetland, that contributes the surface run-off into this wetland, yet it has little effect on the hydrology.

### Water regime

During monsoon period, specially during flood, the whole area gets inundated as reported by the local people. However, in normal years, the spatial extent of water within this wetland varies from 2.075 sg.km. in pre-monsoon period to 3.15 sg.km. in post-monsoon period.

### Avi-fauna

Oxbow lake is famous here for thousands of migratory birds coming here from far-off places including Siberia in winters. Hundreds of bird species can be seen here.

### Avi-flora

The vegetation of the area is portrayed by the arborescent species, for example, Simul (Salmalia malabarica Schott.), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Amlaki (Phyllanthus embica), Coconut (cocos nucifera), Khejur (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Tal (Borassus flabellifer L.), Bat (Ficus bengalensis L.), Asvattha (Ficus religiosa L.), Palas (Butea frondosa), Krishnachuda (Caesalpinia Pulcherrima), Am (Mangifera indica L.) and shrubby species, for example, ashsheoda (Glycosmis pentaphylla Corr.), Rajanigandha (Polyanthes tuberosa Willd.), Ghentu or Bhat (Clerodendron infortunatum Gaertn.), Kurabaka (Barleria Cristata), Gulancha (Tinospora cordifolia), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum).

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Purbasthali had a total population of 4,207 of which 2,128 (51%) were males and 2,079 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 379. The total number of literates in Purbasthali was 3,215 (83.99% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

Purbasthali railway station is 73 km from Bandel and 8 km from Nabadwipdham on the Bandel-Katwa Branch Line of Eastern Railway.
By road, from Bandel on S.T.K.K.Road (Saptagram TribeniKalna Katwa Road) it is 80 km towards north, 38 km towards south from Katwa.

## Notable personalities

* Upendranath Brahmachari (1873–1941), the renowned scientist, hailed from Purbasthali.
* Krishnanath Nyayapanchanan (1833–1911) Sanskrit scholar, authority in Nyaya, Mimangsa and other branches of Indian philosophy
* Baneswar Sarkar won the national award for weaving in 1998.
* Krishnadasa Kaviraja, famous for writing the biography Sri Chaitanyadev, Chaitanya Charitamrita. He was born at Jhamatpur village near Katwa in 1496. The other works are Gobindalalmitra, Adwayitasutra Kadcha, Swajparbanam and Bagmayikana.
* Batukeshawar Dutta-was an Indian Bengali revolutionary and independence fighter in the early 1900s. He is best known for having exploded a few bombs, along with Bhagat Singh, in the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi on 8 April 1929. After they were arrested, tried and imprisoned for life, he and Bhagat Singh initiated a historic hunger strike protesting against the abusive treatment of Indian political prisoners, and eventually secured some rights for them. He was also a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
* Monoranjan Nath, politician
* Subrata Bhowal
* Pradip Kumar Saha, politician

## Healthcare

Purbasthali Rural Hospital at Purbasthali (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Purbasthali II CD block. There are primary health centres at Kubajpur, PO Rai Dogachhia (with 4 beds), Nimdah, PO Belerhat (with 6 beds), Patuli (with 10 beds) and Singari, PO Laxmipur (with 10 beds). There are also 74 Primary Health Centres, 2 Medical Institutions (State Govt. Undertaking),1 Medical Institutions (Central Govt. Undertaking)