OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# East Setauket, New York

East Setauket is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) on Long Island, in the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census. Before that it was part of the Setauket-East Setauket CDP.
The community is in northwestern Suffolk County, in the northwest part of the town of Brookhaven. East Setauket is bordered by Setauket to the northwest, Poquott to the north, Port Jefferson to the northeast, Port Jefferson Station to the east, Terryville to the southeast, South Setauket to the south, Stony Brook to the southwest, and Stony Brook University to the west.

## Notable residents

* Dee Snider, singer-songwriter, screenwriter, radio personality, and actor; most famous for his role as the front man of the heavy metal band Twisted Sister.
# Joseph Forbes

Joseph M. Forbes (March 2, 1910 – January 20, 1976) was an American college football and college basketball coach and physical education professor. He was the head football coach at Humboldt State College—now known as Humboldt State University—from 1946 to 1947, compiling a record of 10–7–1. Forbes served two stints at the head basketball coach at Humboldt State, from 1946 to 1949 and again for the 1952–53 season, tallying mark of 32–39. He was also a professor at Humboldt State for 27 years chairman o the Department of Health and Physical Educator for 25 years until his retirement in 1972. Forbes died on January 20, 1976.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Humboldt State Lumberjacks (Far Western Conference) (1946–1947) ||||||
| 1946 | Humboldt State | 5–3–1 | 1–0–1 | 1st |
| 1947 | Humboldt State | 5–4 | 2–2 | 3rd |
| Humboldt State: | Humboldt State: | 10–7–1 | 3–2–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 10–7–1 | | |
# Jesus Calls Prayer Tower

Jesus Calls Prayer Tower is a global humanitarian, non profit, philanthropic and Christian ministry, founded by D.G.S. Dhinakaran and Paul Dhinakaran, headquartered in Chennai and having branches globally. The organization operates as a non-profit entity with a mission to provide comfort, peace, and healing through prayer. This mission is facilitated through channels including physical prayer towers, prayer outreaches, public meetings, television programs, and digital platforms.
Jesus calls has 104 prayer towers in India, and prayer towers in USA, Israel, Malaysia, Singapore, Europe, UK, New Zealand, Canada, Sri Lanka, South Africa, and in other countries globally.

## History

The Jesus Calls Prayer Tower is a network of prayer facilities operated by the Jesus Calls ministry, which was founded by D.G.S. Dhinakaran in the year 1967.
The prayer towers are designed to provide a place for individuals to seek spiritual support, help and prayer. The network aims to offer assistance to people in distress seeking prayer, counselling for various issues.
The facilities include prayer support, charitable work, and spiritual guidance. The Prayer Towers typically offer services such as prayer counseling and spiritual advice, and they are staffed by individuals trained in providing prayer support.
The Jesus Calls Prayer Tower network is present in locations across different countries. Each Prayer Tower operates under the oversight of the central organization, which coordinates activities and resources for the each prayer tower.
In 1962, at the age of 27, D.G.S. Dhinakaran experienced a significant spiritual event during a period of personal crisis involving poverty, sickness, and unemployment. At that time, he encountered his uncle, who introduced him to the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Subsequently, Dhinakaran reported having a vision of Jesus Christ that lasted three hours. During this vision, he felt a profound sense of God's love and compassion, which inspired him to establish the Jesus Calls ministry. He had been suffering from heart and kidney ailments.
Dhinakaran also faced various personal challenges, including health issues such as heart and kidney ailments. The Dhinakaran family experienced additional hardships, including the tragic loss of their daughter, Evangeline, in a car accident at the age of 17. These experiences shaped the mission of the Jesus Calls ministry.
The family initiated public services in 1970, with their first public Prayer Festival held in Vellore. The name "Jesus Calls" was adopted for the ministry in 1972, following a Prayer Festival organized in the city of Erode, Tamil Nadu.
In 1980, Paul Dhinakaran, joined his parents in ministry.
# Linha da Beira Baixa

* Location on the network
* + Entroncamento × Guarda (🔎)
vteLinha da Beira Baixa :
Legend :
Detailed diagram :
Linha da Beira Baixa, originally called Caminho de Ferro da Beira Baixa, is a railway line which connects the stations of Entroncamento and Guarda in central Portugal. The first section, from Abrantes to Covilhã was opened on 6 September 1891. The line to Guarda was opened on 11 May 1893. At the time, only the section from Abrantes to Guarda was considered to be part of Linha da Beira Baixa, while the route from Entroncamento to Abrantes belonged to the Linha do Leste. Passenger service on the Guarda-Covilhã segment reopened on 2 May 2021 after it fell into disuse in 2009.
# Spalacopsis stolata

Spalacopsis stolata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was first described by Newman in 1842.

## Range

It is native to the Continental US.
# Guilherme Parede

Guilherme Parede Pinheiro is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger or forward for Vila Nova.

## Career

On 31 January 2020, Parede joined Talleres.
On 24 December 2023, Parede joined Kashima Antlers on loan. On 18 August 2024, he was injured during training. In December 2024, he returned to his parent club at the end of the Japanese league season.

## Career statistics

    As of 7 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | State league | State league | Cup | Cup | League cup | League cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Operário Ferroviário | 2013 | Paranaense | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Coritiba | 2015 | Série A | 5 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Coritiba | 2016 | Série A | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Coritiba | 2018 | Série B | 31 | 9 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 47 | 12 |
| Coritiba | 2020 | Série A | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 |
| Coritiba | Total | Total | 38 | 9 | 18 | 4 | 6 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 64 | 13 |
| J. Malucelli (loan) | 2017 | Paranaense | — | — | 7 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Ypiranga (loan) | 2017 | Série C | 11 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Internacional (loan) | 2019 | Série A | 25 | 3 | 13 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | 46 | 5 |
| Talleres | 2019–20 | Argentine Primera División | 6 | 3 | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 7 | 3 |
| Talleres | 2020–21 | Argentine Primera División | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Talleres | 2021 | Argentine Primera División | 8 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 10 | 2 |
| Talleres | Total | Total | 20 | 4 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 5 |
| Vasco da Gama (loan) | 2020 | Série A | 11 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| Juventude (loan) | 2022 | Série A | 16 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 29 | 2 |
| Vila Nova (loan) | 2023 | Série B | 34 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 48 | 7 |
| Kashima Antlers (loan) | 2024 | J1 League | 12 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 16 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 167 | 24 | 59 | 7 | 19 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 258 | 32 |
* ↑ Includes Copa do Brasil, Ukrainian Cup, Suomen Cup and Emperor's Cup
* ↑ Includes J.League Cup
# Windeby I

Windeby I is the name given to the bog body found preserved in a peat bog near Windeby, Northern Germany, in 1952. Until recently, the body was also called the Windeby Girl, since an archaeologist believed it to be the body of a 14-year-old girl, because of its slight build. Professor Heather Gill-Robinson, a Canadian anthropologist and pathologist, used DNA testing to show the body was actually that of a sixteen-year-old boy. The body has been radiocarbon-dated to between 41 BC and 118 AD.

## History

The body was discovered by commercial peat cutters in 1952, and is now on display at the Landesmuseum at the Schloß Gottorf in Schleswig, Germany. By the time the body was noticed by the peat cutters, and before the peat-cutting machinery could be shut down, a hand, a foot, and a leg had been severed from the body. The body had been very well preserved by the peat, and despite the damage, it is still an important archaeological discovery. Shortly after the discovery of Windeby I, another bog body (an adult male) was found nearby and dubbed Windeby II.

## Description

The body appears to have a half-shaven head and a woollen blindfold tied across the eyes. Recent examinations have however established that the hair over the half of the scalp was not shaven, but had rather decomposed due to being exposed to oxygen a little longer than the rest of the body. The "blindfold" is in fact a woollen band, made using the sprang technique, that was probably used to tie back the boy's shoulder-length hair and which had slipped down over his face after death.

## Cause of death

It was thought by Peter Glob that the body had met with a violent death, but research by Heather Gill-Robinson has led to this theory being disputed. Jarrett A. Lobell and Samir S. Patel wrote that the body 'shows no signs of trauma, and evidence from the skeleton suggests [she] may have died from repeated bouts of illness or malnutrition.'
# 2024–25 Euro Hockey Tour

The 2024–25 Euro Hockey Tour is the 29th season of Euro Hockey Tour. It started in November 2024 and will last until May 2025. It consists of Karjala Tournament, SWISS Ice Hockey Games, Beijer Hockey Games and Czech Hockey Games.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Czech Republic | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 27 | 16 | +11 | 21 |
| 2 | Finland | 9 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 24 | 11 | +13 | 19 |
| 3 | Switzerland | 9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 22 | −10 | 9 |
| 4 | Sweden | 9 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 19 | 33 | −14 | 5 |

## Karjala Tournament

The Karjala Tournament was played between 7–10 November 2024. Five matches were played in Helsinki, Finland and one match in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. Tournament was won by Finland.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Finland | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 6 | +6 | 8 |
| 2 | Czech Republic | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 8 | +2 | 6 |
| 3 | Switzerland | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 11 | −3 | 3 |
| 4 | Sweden | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 14 | −5 | 1 |
| 7 November 2024 |
| Czech Republic | 5–2 | Sweden |
| Switzerland | 2–3 (OT) | Finland |
| 9 November 2024 |
| Sweden | 3–4 (GWS) | Switzerland |
| Finland | 4–0 | Czech Republic |
| 10 November 2024 |
| Czech Republic | 5–2 | Switzerland |
| Finland | 5–4 | Sweden |

## SWISS Ice Hockey Games

The 2024 SWISS Ice Hockey Games was played between 12 and 15 December 2024. Five matches was played in BCF Arena, Fribourg, Switzerland and one match in Enteria arena, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Czech Republic | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 4 | +6 | 9 |
| 2 | Finland | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | Sweden | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 9 | −2 | 3 |
| 4 | Switzerland | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | −4 | 3 |
| 12 December 2024 |
| Finland | 1–3 | Czech Republic |
| Sweden | 4–1 | Switzerland |
| 14 December 2024 |
| Finland | 3–0 | Sweden |
| Switzerland | 0–2 | Czech Republic |
| 15 December 2024 |
| Czech Republic | 5–3 | Sweden |
| Switzerland | 1–0 | Finland |

## Beijer Hockey Games

The 2025 Beijer Hockey Games was played between 6–9 February 2025. Tournament was won by Finland.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Finland | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | +7 | 8 |
| 2 | Czech Republic | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | +3 | 6 |
| 3 | Switzerland | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | −3 | 3 |
| 4 | Sweden | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | −7 | 1 |
| 6 February 2025 |
| Czech Republic | 4–1 | Sweden |
| Switzerland | 0–1 (GWS) | Finland |
| 8 February 2025 |
| Finland | 3–0 | Czech Republic |
| Sweden | 1–2 (OT) | Switzerland |
| 9 February 2025 |
| Switzerland | 0–3 | Czech Republic |
| Sweden | 1–4 | Finland |

## Czech Hockey Games

The 2025 Czech Hockey Games will be played between 1–4 May 2025.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Czech Republic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | Finland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | Sweden | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
# Patsapong Amsam-ang

Patsapong Amsam-ang (born 2 October 1997) is a Thai athlete specialising in the pole vault. He won a bronze medal at the 2018 Asian Games.
His personal bests in the event are 5.61 metres outdoors (Bangkok 2021) and 5.35 metres indoors (Astana 2023). Both are currents national records.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Thailand |||||
| 2016 | Asian Junior Championships | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | 2nd | 5.20 m |
| 2016 | World U20 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 19th (q) | 4.95 m |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Bhubaneswar, India | 4th | 5.40 m |
| 2017 | Southeast Asian Games | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 2nd | 5.30 m |
| 2017 | Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games | Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | 3rd | 5.20 m |
| 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 3rd | 5.50 m |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Doha, Qatar | 5th | 5.51 m |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 6th | 5.31 m |
| 2023 | Asian Indoor Championships | Astana, Kazakhstan | 3rd | 5.35 m |
| 2023 | Southeast Asian Games | Phnom Penh, Cambodia | 3rd | 5.20 m |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 6th | 5.31 m |
| 2023 | World University Games | Chengdu, China | 2nd | 5.55 m |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 4th | 5.55 m |
| 2024 | Asian Indoor Championships | Tehran, Iran | 5th | 5.45 m |
# Guy Hibbert

Guy Hibbert is a British screenwriter and playwright.
He has won four BAFTA TV awards, including Best Writer for the 2009 film Five Minutes of Heaven. This film was premiered at the 25th Sundance Film Festival, where Hibbert won the World Cinema Screenwriting Award.
Five Minutes of Heaven also won the Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize, given for work promoting peace and reconciliation in Ireland.
His script for Eye In The Sky won Best Screenplay at Evening Standard British Film Awards 2017.
Hibbert started his writing career as a playwright. His play On The Edge was the winner of the John Whiting Award in 1985.
Other awards include the Mental Health Media Award in 1998 and in 2004 and the Joan Coleman Award in 2013 for his contribution to the understanding of mental health.
Hibbert lives in London with his wife, poet and translator Meifu Wang. He has one daughter, Celeste Hibbert, and two granddaughters.

## Filmography

* Master of the Marionettes (1989) writer
* Aimee (1991) – writer
* Bad Girl (1992) – writer
* Nice Town (1992) – writer
* Saigon Baby (1995) – writer
* Prime Suspect - "Scent of Darkness" (1997) – writer
* No Child Of Mine (1997) – writer
* Shot Through the Heart (1998) – writer
* The Russian Bride (2001) - writer and executive producer
* May 33rd (2004) – writer and executive producer
* Omagh (2004) – co-writer with Paul Greengrass
* Who Gets the Dog? (2007) – writer
* Five Minutes of Heaven (2009) – writer
* Blood and Oil (2010) – writer
* Complicit (2013) – writer and executive producer
* One Child (2014) - writer and executive producer
* Eye in the Sky (2015) – writer and executive producer
* A United Kingdom (2016) - writer and executive producer
# Fang Yaoqing

Fang Yaoqing (Chinese: 方耀庆; born 20 April 1996) is a Chinese athlete specialising in the triple jump. He represented his country at the 2017 World Championships without reaching the final. Earlier, he won two silver medals at the 2013 World Youth Championships.
His personal bests in the event are 17.17 metres outdoors (+0.2 m/s, Chongqing 2019) and 17.20 metres indoors (Nur-Sultan 2023).

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing China ||||||
| 2013 | World Youth Championships | Donetsk, Ukraine | 2nd | Long jump | 7.53 m |
| 2013 | World Youth Championships | Donetsk, Ukraine | 2nd | Triple jump | 16.48 m |
| 2014 | Asian Junior Championships | Taipei, Taiwan | 5th | Long jump | 7.47 m |
| 2014 | Asian Junior Championships | Taipei, Taiwan | 1st | Triple jump | 16.32 m |
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 6th | Triple jump | 16.15 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 26th (q) | Triple jump | 16.17 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 10th | Triple jump | 16.65 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 8th | Triple jump | 17.01 m |
| 2023 | Asian Indoor Championships | Astana, Kazakhstan | 1st | Triple jump | 17.20 m |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 4th | Triple jump | 16.44 m |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 6th | Triple jump | 17.01 m |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 2nd | Triple jump | 16.93 m |
| 2024 | World Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 4th | Triple jump | 16.93 m |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 31st (q) | Triple jump | 15.85 m |
# Thermal velocity

Thermal velocity or thermal speed is a typical velocity of the thermal motion of particles that make up a gas, liquid, etc. Thus, indirectly, thermal velocity is a measure of temperature. Technically speaking, it is a measure of the width of the peak in the Maxwell–Boltzmann particle velocity distribution. Note that in the strictest sense thermal velocity is not a velocity, since velocity usually describes a vector rather than simply a scalar speed.

## Definitions

Since the thermal velocity is only a "typical" velocity, a number of different definitions can be and are used.
Taking $k_{\text{B}}$ to be the Boltzmann constant, $T$ the absolute temperature, and $m$ the mass of a particle, we can write the different thermal velocities:

### In one dimension

If $v_{\text{th}}$ is defined as the root mean square of the velocity in any one dimension (i.e. any single direction), then $v_{\text{th}}={\sqrt {\frac {k_{\text{B}}T}{m}}}.$
If $v_{\text{th}}$ is defined as the mean of the magnitude of the velocity in any one dimension (i.e. any single direction), then $v_{\text{th}}={\sqrt {\frac {2k_{\text{B}}T}{\pi m}}}.$

### In three dimensions

If $v_{\text{th}}$ is defined as the most probable speed, then $v_{\text{th}}={\sqrt {\frac {2k_{\text{B}}T}{m}}}.$
If $v_{\text{th}}$ is defined as the root mean square of the total velocity, then $v_{\text{th}}={\sqrt {\frac {3k_{\text{B}}T}{m}}}.$
If $v_{\text{th}}$ is defined as the mean of the magnitude of the velocity of the atoms or molecules, then $v_{\text{th}}={\sqrt {\frac {8k_{\text{B}}T}{\pi m}}}.$
All of these definitions are in the range $v_{\text{th}}=(1.6\pm 0.2){\sqrt {\frac {k_{\text{B}}T}{m}}}.$

## Thermal velocity at room temperature

At 20 °C (293.15 kelvins), the mean thermal velocity of common gasses in three dimensions is:
| Gas | Thermal velocity |
| Hydrogen | 1,754 m/s (5,750 ft/s) |
| Helium | 1,245 m/s (4,080 ft/s) |
| Water vapor | 585 m/s (1,920 ft/s) |
| Nitrogen | 470 m/s (1,500 ft/s) |
| Air | 464 m/s (1,520 ft/s) |
| Argon | 394 m/s (1,290 ft/s) |
| Carbon dioxide | 375 m/s (1,230 ft/s) |
# Pterolophia paracompacta

Pterolophia paracompacta is a species of beetle in the family of Cerambycidae. It was first described by Stephan von Breuning in 1973.
# India at the 2011 Asian Winter Games

India participated in the 2011 Asian Winter Games in 2 sports sending 11 athletes. India did not win any medals.

## Alpine skiing
### Men

| Athlete | Time (Super-G) | Time (Slalom) | Time (combined) | Rank |
| Jamyang Namgial | 1:18.66 | | | |
| Hira Lal | 1:21.75 | 59.67 | 2:15.09 | 12 |
| Ludar Chand | 1:22.12 | 57.27 | 2:19.39 | 13 |

## Cross country skiing
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Tashi Lundup | 15 km free | 1:00:48.3 | 5 |
| Nadeem Iqbal | 15 km free | 1:05:32.1 | 6 |
| Nadeem Iqbal Tashi Lundup Hemant Kumar Bilal Ahmed | 4×10 km relay | 2:34:53.2 | 4 |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Bhuwneshwari Thakur | 10 km free | 56:05.6 | 9 |
| Phuntsog Yangdon | 10 km free | 1:06:01.1 | 10 |
| Bhuwneshwari Thakur Mehjabeen Akhter Phuntsog Yangdon Masooda Akhter | 4×5 km relay | 1:53:11.0 | 5 |
# Kristina Ovchinnikova

Kristina Ovchinnikova (Russian: Кристи́на Овчиннико́ва; born 21 March 2001) is a Kazakhstani athlete. She competed in the women's high jump event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Kazakhstan |||||
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 28th (q) | 1.86 m |
| 2022 | World Championships | Eugene, United States | 20th (q) | 1.86 m |
| 2022 | Islamic Solidarity Games | Konya, Turkey | 3rd | 1.87 m |
| 2023 | Asian Indoor Championships | Astana, Kazakhstan | 2nd | 1.89 m |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Bangkok, Thailand | 1st | 1.86 m |
| 2023 | World University Games | Chengdu, China | 6th | 1.84 m |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 25th (q) | 1.85 m |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 4th | 1.83 m |
# Cottolene

Cottolene was a brand of shortening made of beef suet and cottonseed oil produced in the United States from the late 1880s until the mid-20th century. It was the first mass-produced and mass-marketed alternative to cooking with lard, and is remembered today for its iconic national ad campaign and the cookbooks that were written to promote its use.

## History
### Background

The concept for Cottolene emerged as an offshoot of two industries. Cotton seeds were a high oil-content waste product of the cotton industry, and beef tallow was a waste product of the meat-processing industry. N. K. Fairbank Co. of Chicago seized upon this glut and created a product catering to late-19th-century Americans' growing infatuation with labor-saving packaged foods for the "dainty" (or "lard-free") diet (according to Dr. Alice Ross, writing in the Journal of Antiques and Collectibles.)

### Development and features

Techniques employing nickel-based alloys used in the isolation and removal of consumable hydrogenated vegetable oils from plants, especially cottonseed, were pioneered by the efforts of Fairbank chemist James F. Boyce. Incorporating these advances into the limited cooking oils market at the time resulted in the creation of Cottolene, a product containing 90% vegetable fat. This quickly became a popular culinary replacement for cooking butters and lard, substances that had been used in kitchens for centuries and known to be unhealthy.
Cottolene imparted no additional strong flavors when used in food preparation, and was marketed as purer and more natural than lard. The shortening dominated the vegetable cooking oil market until competitor Procter & Gamble unveiled Crisco in the early-20th-century. Packaged similarly in metal pails—and also marketed with accompanying cookbooks—Crisco was composed entirely of vegetable oils, and became the preferred brand found in many kitchens of the day.

## Marketing impact

Cottolene remains in the public consciousness, in part thanks to the lasting impact of its advertising campaign and the accompanying cookbooks it produced. A September 2007 search of the auction website eBay revealed 29 separate Cottolene advertisements and tins for sale. At least one Cottolene cookbook, Fifty-Two Sunday Dinners by Elizabeth O. Hiller, was reprinted in its entirety in 1981, with all references to Cottolene intact, both in the opening endorsements and the following recipes.