OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Domingo de Salazar

Domingo de Salazar (1512 – December 4, 1594) was a Catholic prelate who served as the first Bishop of Manila (1579–1594), which was then newly-annexed to the Spanish Empire.

## Biography

Domingo de Salazar was born in La Rioja, Spain. At the age of 15, his family sent him to study at the University of Salamanca, wherein the university was the most important cultural and intellectual center of Spain and one of the famous in the entire European continent. At the University of Salamanca, Salazar was profoundly influenced by the philosopher and theologian Francisco de Vitoria, wherein many of the solutions that Salazar tried to offer when it came to the theological and juridicial problems in the Philippines, were inspired by Vitoria. He obtained his bachelor's degree in Canon Law in the year 1532 and afterwards obtained his Bachelor of Civil Laws in 1539. There were no concrete evidence to point the idea that Salazar actually enrolled in the classes taught by Vitoria, but he supported the cause of Vitoria, the humanitarian and Christian ideas with regards to the conquest and evangelization of the Americas.
Salazar was also involved in the Spanish expedition in the modern-day US state of Florida from 1558 until 1561. After leaving Mexico City to Florida, Salazar, along with Pedro de Feria and Domingo de la Anunciación, wrote a letter to King Philip II that all laws enacted for the new discoveries and conquest had to be fulfilled by the participants in the expedition so that abuses against the natives would be avoided and there must be enough provisions that should be given to the expeditionaries for at least a period of time, so that robberies against the locals would be avoided.
On February 6, 1579, he was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Gregory XIII as the first Bishop of Manila. He was installed in 1581. He strongly opposed enslaving the indigenous people of the Philippines. He served as Bishop of Manila until his death on December 4, 1594, aged 82.
# Dongjing station

Dongjing (simplified Chinese: 洞泾; traditional Chinese: 洞涇; pinyin: Dòngjīng) is a station on Shanghai Metro Line 9. It is located in Dongjing Town, in Songjiang District.
The station began operations on December 29, 2007, as part of the initial phase of Line 9's development, which aimed to improve connectivity between the suburbs and central Shanghai. Dongjing Station primarily serves the suburban areas surrounding Songjiang and provides a crucial link between residential neighborhoods and the broader Shanghai Metro network.
# Nyarubuye massacre

The Nyarubuye massacre is the name which is given to the killing of an estimated 20,000 civilians on April 15, 1994 at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church in Kibungo Province, 140 km (87 mi) east of the Rwandan capital Kigali. The victims were Tutsis. Men, women, and children were reported to have been indiscriminately killed, with the attackers allegedly using spears, machetes, clubs, hand grenades and automatic weapons. Local Interahamwe, acting in concert with the authorities, used bulldozers to knock down the church building. The militia used machetes and rifles to kill every person who tried to escape.
The massacre was part of the April–July 1994 Rwandan genocide in which up to 1,000,000 people died.

## Trial and convictions

On 3 December 2003 a Rwandan court in Rukira, Kibungo found 18 people guilty of genocide crimes. Gitera Rwamuhizi, a leader of the group responsible for the killings, was sentenced to life imprisonment, and after pleading guilty the sentence was dropped to 25 years. The rest were sentenced to terms ranging from 7 to 16 years.
The mayor of Rusumo, Sylvestre Gacumbitsi, was found guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity (for rape and extermination) by the trial chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in 2004, and sentenced to life imprisonment.

## Aftermath

In the aftermath of the massacre, the location was visited by BBC journalist Fergal Keane who made the story internationally known. One girl he met at a nearby hospital was 13-year-old Valentina Iribagiza who had seen her family killed and survived in the church for more than 43 days before being rescued. Three years later Keane went back to interview her, and the documentary "Valentina's Nightmare: A Journey into the Genocide Against The Tutsi" was broadcast on the series Frontline in April 1997. She was also featured in the Frontline documentary "Ghosts of Rwanda" which was broadcast in 2004, marking the 10th anniversary of the massacre.
The church and houses of the nuns and priest where the victims took refuge are home to the Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial Site.
# Leptocypris weynsii

Leptocypris weynsii s a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. This fish is found in the lower, central and upper Congo River basin and Pool Malebo in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of Belgian explorer Auguste F. G. Weyns (1854–1944), who was the one who collected the holotype specimen.
# FLL (disambiguation)

FLL may refer to:
* FIRST Lego League, an international competition for elementary and middle school students
* Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport, in Florida, United States
* Four Letter Lie, an American post-hardcore band
* Frequency-locked loop
* Lebanese Liberation Front (French: Front de Liberation Libanais)
# Montreal Annexation Manifesto

The Montreal Annexation Manifesto was a political document dated September 14, 1849, and signed in Montreal, Canada East, calling for the Province of Canada's annexation by the United States.
The manifesto was published in two versions (October 11, 1849, and December 1849) by the Annexation Association, an alliance of 325 Montreal businessmen. Most of these were English-speaking Tories, who were opposed to Britain's abolition of the Corn Laws, which ended preferential colonial trade, and by its consent to the Rebellion Losses Bill, and French Canadian nationalists (including Louis-Joseph Papineau) who supported the republican system of government in the United States. These businessmen believed that so long as Canada was under British rule, it would be subjected to the interests of elements of Britain's aristocracy and businessmen. Papineau too had believed a similar subjection occurred, perpetrated by France.
The signatories believed that, given the tiny population and limited transportation routes in Canada compared to that of the United States, the abolition of customs duties at such an early point in Canada's economic development would be disastrous for Canadian business. They predicted a lack of foreign capital investment leading to economic downturn and massive job losses.
News of the annexation movement and its manifesto was widely reported in New York. The New-York Daily Tribune sent a correspondent to Montreal. The New York Herald and New York Times newspapers both responded with editorials proposing that the British colony should first negotiate independence from the UK's rule, as an intermediate step before joining with the United States.
Future Prime Minister of Canada John Abbott was a signatory to the manifesto, though he later described that action as a youthful error.
The manifesto was strongly opposed by members of the British American League and by leading politicians such as Robert Baldwin plus the followers of Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine. After the signing of the Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty in 1854, the annexation movement died out.
# Zulekha Haque

Professor Zulekha Haque (née Habibullah, died 8 December 2014) was a prolific Bangladeshi researcher of ancient and medieval art of Bengal. She served as the chairperson of the department of history of Eden Mohila College. In 2018, the government of Bangladesh awarded her Ekushey Padak, the country's second highest civilian award.
# Bauto

Flavius Bauto (died c. 385) was a Romanised Frank who served as a magister militum of the Roman Empire and was a powerful figure in the court of emperor Valentinian II.

## Biography

In 381, during the Gothic War (376-382), Bauto was sent by western emperor Gratian with an expeditionary field army to aid the eastern emperor, Theodosius I. As is common, the sources do not explicitly name him a magister militum, but the importance of this mission makes it very likely.
Gratian was defeated and killed in 383 by the usurper Magnus Maximus, who established himself as emperor in Britain and Gaul. Emperor Valentinian II, previously subordinate to his half-brother Gratian, now became the technical senior ruler, although his authority was limited to Italy and he suffered from a reputation for weakness, stemming from his accession to the throne as a child. Thus, powerful ministers like Bauto were able to exert a great deal of control over Valentinian's regime.
For example, Bauto organized the defense of Italy, and was given the prestigious consulship in 385, although he was not the first pick for the position. According to bishop Ambrose, Maximus accused Bauto of attacking him with barbarian troops and intending to use Valentinian II as a puppet emperor to acquire power for himself. In matters of religion, it is unclear whether Bauto was a Greco-Roman polytheist or a Christian. He and Rumoridus, who was definitely a polytheist, were present before Valentinian II when Ambrose successfully convinced the emperor against Quintus Aurelius Symmachus' proposal to restore the pagan Altar of Victory, which had been earlier removed from the Curia Julia. Afterwards, the two men went along with Valentinian II's decision. If Bauto was a polytheist and had supported restoring the Altar, his power must have been limited in some aspects.
He died sometime after 385, with no foul play recorded in the sources. Afterwards, his daughter Aelia Eudoxia resided in the house of a son of Promotus, a nemesis of Rufinus, and later married Emperor Arcadius in 395, becoming one of the more powerful empresses of the period. His military office was succeeded by Arbogastes, who went on to influence Valentinian II and is claimed by John of Antioch to be Bauto's son.
# Steven A. Fox

Steven A. Fox is an American Reform rabbi. He is the Chief Executive Emeritus of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, the largest and oldest rabbinical organization in North America.

## Early life and education

Fox was born in Southern California to David and Senta Fox. He attended Temple Beth Tikvah, where he served as youth group president. He was later president of the Southern California Federation of Temple Youth. He graduated from Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, California in 1972. He received a B.A. from California State University, Fullerton in 1975 and an M.A. from Hebrew Union College in 1978.

## Career

He was ordained at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in 1980. His early rabbinic assignments included service at Temple Emanuel in Worcester, Massachusetts and Temple Isaiah in Lexington, Massachusetts. He later served as an adjunct rabbi of Temple Isaiah in Los Angeles.
Rabbi Fox earned his Juris Doctor degree at Northeastern University in 1985 and was an attorney and managing partner in a Los Angeles based law firm. Rabbi Fox advised religious and secular non-profits, rabbis and cantors, congregations and other Jewish organizations on a variety of issues.
In 2006 Fox was appointed Executive Vice President of CCAR. His title was later changed to Chief Executive Officer.

## Views

* Politics and the pulpit re: Israel: “It is more important that rabbis should speak about Israel. I also think there is an obligation for the rabbi to speak about the severity of the discourse surrounding this. We need to learn how to respect the diversity of views in the American Jewish community and the American community.”
* Gay marriage rights: Fox notes that Reform Jews and their rabbis "have long been part of the struggle for gay rights, and that includes advocacy for marriage equality."
* Recognition of Reform Judaism in Israel: Fox has expressed disappointment with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for not responding more forcefully to attacks on Reform Judaism made by members of his cabinet. Fox said the next priority for the Reform movement in Israel would be achieving parity in government allocations with Orthodox religious establishments and schools.

## Personal

Fox is married to Vicki Reikes Fox and they have two grown children.
# Edmon L. Gallagher

Edmon Louis "Ed" Gallagher (born June 22, 1979) is an American professor of Christian Scripture at Heritage Christian University in Florence, Alabama.

## Life

Gallagher is an associate minister at the Sherrod Ave. Church of Christ in Florence. He married to Jodi and they have six children.

### Education

In 2001 Gallagher earned a B.A. (2001) and a M.A. (2002) at the Freed-Hardeman University. In 2007 he earned a M.Phil in Hebraic and Cognate Languages. From 2010 he holds a Ph.D. in the History of Biblical Interpretation at the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion under the tutelage of Adam Kamesar.
# Star Wars: Pit Droids

Star Wars: Pit Droids (full title: Star Wars Pit Droids: Logic and Reasoning) is an educational puzzle game developed and published by Lucas Learning. It was originally released for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh on September 13, 1999. It was later ported to iOS and released on February 9, 2012. The game develops skills such as hypothesis testing and geometry.

## Plot

Watto has bought a series of new pit droids, and tasks the player with transporting them to the Pod Racing arena by avoiding all the environmental obstacles.

## Gameplay

The player maneuvers the pit droids through a series of puzzles such as road blocks and junk heaps. Players can also create their own puzzles and trade them online with other gamers.

## Critical reception

Matt Diamond of Inside Mac Games praised the puzzle, variable difficulty, graphics, and music. Brad Cook of All Game Guide complimented its detailed graphics, intricate gameplay, and jazzy soundtrack. Just Adventure's Ray Ivey liked the aesthetic quality of the game manual. The Scotsman said the game was very playable for a TV-tie in and offered educational opportunities. IGN gave the game a rating of 7.5. The Boston Herald thought the game offered an interesting test of children's logical abilities. The Boston Globe thought it was a standout in the children's software genre, mentioning its animation, sound effects, and tutorial. CVG said the game was easy to play, but added that its overly simple concept reduced its replayability.
Pit Droids won Computer Games Strategy Plus's 1999 "Classic Game of the Year" award. The editors wrote: "[T]his game is not only mind-bogglingly fun for puzzle fans of all ages, it is also solid, well-designed, addictive, attractive, and arguably the year's best use of the Star Wars Episode I license". Pit Droids won a CODiE Award from the Software and Information Industry Association for "Arcade/Action/Adventure/Role-Playing Games - Best Product" as a joint winner with Half-Life. Pit Droids was also nominated for "Games - Best Product", but lost to Half-Life.
# Richard Shaull

Millard Richard Shaull (November 24, 1919 – October 25, 2002) was an American theologian, author and a Presbyterian missionary noted for his support for pedagogical thinking in Latin America.

## Biography

Shaull was born November 24, 1919, in Felton, Pennsylvania, to Millard and Anna (Brenneman) Shaull. He earned a B.A. from Elizabethtown College in 1938, and a Th.B. (1941) and Th.D. (1959) from Princeton Theological Seminary. He served as a missionary to Colombia and later taught ecumenics at Princeton Theological Seminary until he retired in 1980, in addition to serving with the World Student Christian Federation.
He died at age 82 on October 25, 2002, at home in Ardmore, Pennsylvania.

## Selected publications
### Journals

* "Latin America: Three Responses to a New Historical Situation." Interpretation 46, 3 (July 1992): 261–270.
* "The Pentecost Appeal to the Poor." Church & Society 86, 4 (March–April 1996): 49–55.
* "From Academic Research to Spiritual Transformation: Reflections on a Study of Pentecostalism in Brazil." Pneuma 20, 1 (Spring 1998): 71–84.
* "What Can the Mainline Learn from Pentecostals about Pentecost Preaching." Journal for Preachers 21, 4 (Pentecost 1998): 8-14.

### Books

* Containment and Change (1967), co-authored with Carl Oglesby
# Paravani Lake

Paravani lake (Georgian: ფარავნის ტბა) is a volcanic lake in Georgia, located in Javakheti Plateau between Abul-Samsari and Javakheti Ranges.

## Geography and hydrography

Paravani Lake is located 2,073 m (6,801 ft) above sea level and has a surface area of 37.5 km$^2$ (14.5 sq mi) and a drainage basin of 234 km$^2$ (90 sq mi). Its maximum and average depths are 3.3 m (11 ft) and 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) respectively. The volume of the lake is 91,000,000 m$^3$ (3.2×10$^9$ cu ft). The water level is low during October and November and is high during May and June. The lake is frozen during wintertime and the thickness of the ice ranges from 47 to 73 cm (19 to 29 in).
In addition to the small rivers of Shaori, Sabadostskali, and Rodionovskis Tskali, the lake gets its water from snow, rain, and underground springs.
The river Paravani, the outflow of the lake, begins from the southern part of the lake, and connects to the Mtkvari to the right. The lake is a popular destination for fishing.

## Mystery of lake Paravani

Spectral analysis shows that deep in the lake abyss lies a mysterious object. A scientist expedition determined it to be a burial ground from the Bronze Age. Geophysical studies show this large structure at the bottom of the lake.
# Al-Isfahani

Abu al-Fath Mahmud ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim ibn Fadl al-Isfahani, Persian: ابوالفتح محمود بن محمد بن قاسم اصفهانی Latinized 𝐀𝐛𝐚𝐥𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐬, 𝐀𝐬𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬, was a 10th-century Persian mathematician. He flourished probably around 982 AD in Isfahan.
He gave a better Arabic edition of the Conics of Apollonius and commented on the first books. The Conics had been translated a century before by Hilal al-Himsi (books 1–4) and Thabit ibn Qurra (books 5–7).
# Miri Gold

Miri Gold is the first non-Orthodox rabbi in Israel to have her salary paid for by funds taken from taxpayers. She was born in Detroit, but in 1977 she immigrated to Kibbutz Gezer along with other North Americans. When the founder of the kibbutz's congregation (Kehilat Birkat Shalom) left, Gold began leading High Holidays services and preparing children for bat mitzvahs and bar mitzvahs. Gold entered the Reform movement's Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion in 1994, and was ordained in 1999. At the time she was paid by the congregation, since the Israeli government did not recognize non-Orthodox rabbis. Gold petitioned the Israeli Supreme Court in 2005 to change this, and in 2012 a ruling by the Israeli attorney general granted her request.
In November 2024, Rabbi Gold was awarded a Doctor of Divinity honoris causa by Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion, "for her work as a pioneering rabbi who conceived, founded, and built Birkat Shalom Congregation in Kibbutz Gezer, a groundbreaking model of state support and recognition of Reform Judaism in Israel".
# Javed Ahmadi

Javed Ahmadi (born 2 January 1992) is an Afghan cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He currently represents the Afghanistan national cricket team. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Afghanistan's first Test match, against India, in June 2018.

## Career

Ahmadi first represented Afghanistan in age-group cricket, and was a member of the Afghanistan Under-19 cricket team which, for the first time, qualified for the 2010 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in New Zealand. Ahmadi represented Afghanistan during the World Cup.
Ahmadi's senior debut came against Scotland in a warm-up match for the 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division One. During this tournament he made his debut in List-A cricket and also his debut in One Day International cricket against Scotland. He played one further ODI during the tournament, which came against hosts the Netherlands. To date, he has played two further ODI's, both of which came against Scotland during Afghanistan's tour of Scotland in 2010. In his four ODIs to date, Ahmadi has scored 31 runs at a batting average of 10.33, with a high score of 25. Meanwhile, in the field he has taken 2 catches.
Ahmadi's first-class debut came against Kenya in the 2009-10 ICC Intercontinental Cup. During the match he made scores of 11 and 55, his maiden first-class half century.
In July 2018, he was the leading run-scorer for Amo Region in the 2018 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament, with 267 runs in five matches.
In September 2018, he was named in Kabul's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament.

### Test cricket

In May 2018, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for their inaugural Test match, played against India. He made his Test debut against India, on 14 June 2018. In February 2019, he was named in Afghanistan's Test squad for their one-off match against Ireland in India.
# Kenny Hagood

Kenny "Pancho" Hagood (April 2, 1926 – November 9, 1989) was an American jazz vocalist.

## Biography

Hagood was born in Detroit, Michigan, and first sang at the age of 17 with Benny Carter. He sang with the Dizzy Gillespie Orchestra from 1946 to 1948 and then with Tadd Dameron later in 1948. He recorded two pieces with Thelonious Monk in 1948 and "Darn That Dream" with Miles Davis in 1950 (included on Birth of the Cool). He then moved to Chicago and later Paris. There in 1960 he had a short-lived marriage to Alice McLeod (later known as Alice Coltrane), who bore him a daughter. Hagood recorded with Guy Lafitte in the 1960s. He moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1965 to 1980. In the early 1980s he returned first to Chicago, and later to the Detroit area.
Singer Joy Villa is Hagood's grandniece.

## Discography

* Charlie Parker: The Complete Dean Benedetti Recordings (Mosaic, 1947–48)
* Miles Davis: Cool Boppin' - Historic Broadcasts from The Royal Roost 1948/1949 (Fresh Sound; earlier released as LP: Pre-Birth Of The Cool (Cicala Jazz Life))
* Dizzy Gillespie: The Complete RCA Victor Recordings (Bluebird, 1937–49) rel. 1995
* Dizzy Gillespie: Pleyel 48 (Vogue, 1948)
* Dizzy Gillespie: Dizzy Gillespie & His Big band In Concert (GNP Crescendo, 1948)
* Milt Jackson: Wizard of the Vibes (Blue Note 1948-52)
* Miles Davis: Birth Of The Cool (Capitol 1949-50)
* Thelonious Monk: The Complete Blue Note Recordings (Blue Note, 1947–58)
# Pirate coins

Pirate coins are salty liquorice flavoured candies popular in Europe, especially the Nordic countries. The candies are coin-shaped and feature images associated with pirates, such as guns, skull and crossbones symbols, and parrots.
Pirate coins have been produced by Fazer in Finland and by Haribo in Germany and Denmark.
Haribo's Piratos was introduced in 1955 and invented in Denmark and based on Scandinavian traditional salty liquorice. Today, they are still produced in Haribo's Danish factory. The product is still very popular in Denmark and available in almost every supermarket, store, gas station, cinema, and in vending machines. Haribo pirate coins are available in two formulations, Piratos and Super Piratos, where the latter has a slightly higher ammonium chloride content; both flavours are available in small and large bags.
Fazer's pirate coins were introduced in the 1970s. They caused controversy in the late 1970s and early 1980s because of their large size, which carried a risk of suffocation when eaten by small children. In February 2013, Fazer reintroduced the pirate coins but in smaller size. Fazer pirate coins are also available in fruit flavours.