OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1988 Spanish general strike

The 1988 Spanish general strike, known locally as 14-D (shortened form of 14 Diciembre), was a general strike in Spain that took place on December 14, 1988. It was called by the two main trade unions: CCOO and Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT).
Triggered by a significant reform in the labour market, namely a new more flexible contract for inexperienced youngsters with less redundancy pay, the strike was moreover a manifestation of general discontent with Spain's PSOE government policies. The government's economic policies were thought to be too conservative by trade unions and many left-wing voters.
The country was completely and peacefully paralyzed for 24 hours, prompting the government to negotiate with the unions. Even the TV signal was turned off by the workers. That flexible contract was retired and welfare state was increased. However, the strike did not prevent a third absolute majority by PSOE, whose leader, Felipe González, remained popular.

## Consequences of the 14-D strike

Some economists believe the strike was the cause of a large increase in public spending, which led to an increase in the budget deficit. Others prefer to attribute public spending to the 1992 Olympic Games held in Barcelona, the 1992 world fair in Seville, plus the first high-speed train, for the large budget deficit. The budget deficit led to spending cuts which, coupled with a tough monetary policy, led to a recession in 1993.

## Use of 14-D in other strikes

Some minority unions, including the students' union, the anarchist union, CNT, and the second largest teachers' union, STEC, called a strike in the educational sector for 14-D, 2005 to use the symbolic power of 14-D as a strike called by the left against the PSOE government and to protest a new education law which they thought gave too much money to private schools, which are mostly Catholic, in Spain. The strike had limited success due to lack of support from other unions.
* Organized labour portal

## Other important general strikes in modern Spain

* 1985 strike (24 hours): only called by CC.OO., one of the two main unions, against reforms in the pension system.
* 1991 strike (4 hours): against Gulf War.
* 1992 strike (8 hours): against labour market reforms.
* 1994 strike (24 hours): against labour market reforms.
* 2002 strike (24 hours): against labour market reforms.
* 2003 strike (2 hours): against Iraq War (only called by UGT).
* 2010 strike
* 2012 strike on 29 March
# Arlindo Veiga dos Santos

Arlindo Veiga dos Santos (February 12, 1902 – 1978) was a Brazilian intellectual, poet, writer, philosopher and politician. He was the founder of the Brazilian Patrianovist Imperial Action (AIPB) and Black Brazilian Front (FNB) and one of the most important leader of both groups.
# Demos Christou

Demos Christou (Greek: Δήμος Χρήστου) (born 1937) is a Cypriot archaeologist and Director of the Department of Antiquities from 1991 to 1997.

## Early life and education

He was born in the village of Galini. He graduated from Morphou Gymnasium and then studied history and archaeology at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and continued his studies at the UCL Institute of Archaeology and the École du Louvre. In 1997 he earned his doctoral degree from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens with a dissertation on the funerary architecture of tombs dating to the Cypro-Archaic period.

## Career

In 1975 Christou began working as an Assistant Archaeological Officer at the Department of Antiquities. In 1979 he was tasked with heading a newly created section of the Department that focused on traditional architecture and folk art. He become the Director in 1991, succeeding Athanasios Papageorgiou. He conducted extensive excavations at the Iron Age city-kingdom of Kourion between 1975 and 1998. At Kourion, Christou discovered the forum of the city, and a possible basilica with a nymphaeum In 1978 he conducted a minor survey that remains unpublished. in 1972 he conducted a brief excavation at Khirokoitia and a rescue excavations at the Chalcolithic cemetery at Souskiou-Vathirkakas. He excavated the cemetery at Vathirkakas again in the 90's, and subsequently participated in the final publication of the cemetery together with prominent Prehistorians like Diane Bolger, Paul Croft, Carole McCartney, Edgar Peltenburg and Andrew Shortland.

## Publications

* Christou, D. (1985). Anavargos, archaeological site. Great Cypriot Encyclopedia, 2, 133-134.
* Christou, D. (1994). Kourion: a complete guide to its monuments and local museum. Filokipros Publications.
* Christou, D. (1996). Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéohgiques à Chypre en 1995. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, 120(2), 1051-1100.
* Χρήστου, Δ. (1996). Κυπρο-Αρχαϊκή Μνημειακή Ταφική Αρχιτεκτονική. Λευκωσία: Τμήμα Αρχαιοτήτων, Κύπρου.
* Χρήστου, Δ. (2013). Ανασκαφές Κουρίου 1975-1998. Τόμοι Α-Β. Nicosia: Department of Antiquities, Cyprus.
# Terrence Mahon

Terrence Mahon (born October 5, 1970) is an American distance running coach. Mahon coaches many notable long distance and middle distance runners, including Olympians Deena Kastor, Anna Pierce, and Jen Rhines. Mahon also coached Ryan Hall for five years. In 2011 he coached Morgan Uceny to the number one world ranking in the 1500 meters, coached ultra runner Josh Cox to the second fastest 50k time in history, and guided Irishman Alistair Cragg to a new National Record in the 5,000 meters, and in 2012 coached Alistair to European and Irish records in the road 5k at the Carlsbad 5000.
Mahon ran for and graduated from La Habra High School in La Habra, California and walked on as a freshman at Oregon where he earned All-American honors.
Mahon later attended Villanova University as an undergraduate, where he also was an All-American runner. Mahon ran a 2:13:02 in the Chicago Marathon in 1997, and won the U.S. 20 k Championships. He qualified for the Olympic Trials in both the marathon and 10,000 m, but was unable to qualify for the Olympics.
In 1998, Mahon married runner Jen Rhines, who also competed for Villanova. They moved to Mammoth Lakes, California to train, where Mahon later became a coach for Team Running USA, now known as the Mammoth Track Club.
In 2012, Mahon moved to the UK to be the head coach of the distance runners at British Athletics.
After only a year with British Athletics, Mahon returned to the states accepting a position as the head coach of the Boston Athletics Association’s High Performance Team.
In 2015 Mahon was selected by the IAAF to be the women’s middle and long distance coach for Team USA at the 2015 IAAF World Championships.
After 4 years with the BAA, Mahon moved to San Diego, California and started the Golden Coast Track Club (formerly known as the Mission Athletic Club) where he continues to coach some of the best long and middle distance runners including olympians Chris O’Hare, Lynsey Sharp and Andrew Butchart, along with other notable runners like Nikki Hiltz, Mac Fleet, Sarah Pagano and Heidi See .
American marathon record holder and 2004 Olympic Bronze medalist Deena Kastor says this about Mahon:
   I owe the longevity of my career to him being so knowledgeable and for reinventing training and therapy to keep me healthy. One of Terrence's greatest strengths is his insatiability to learn, not just about coaching, but life. He is full of so much knowledge and keeps reading great books and visiting with other brilliant people to continue growing.
# Carolyn Napoli

Carolyn Napoli is a plant biologist who co-discovered the mechanism of co-suppression, gene silencing which, like transposon silencing, was first discovered in plants. The significance of the discovery of co-suppression was described by NOVA scienceNOW in 2005.

## Research and career

At the University of Florida, in the Soil Sciences Department laboratory of David H. Hubbell, Napoli demonstrated for the first time using electron microscopy, the development of infection by the soil bacterium, Rhizobium trifolii, in Trifolium (clover) root hairs.
Napoli continued her Rhizobium research in the laboratory of Peter Albersheim at the University of Colorado Boulder and later the lab of Larry Gold in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology. before leaving for the laboratory of Brian Staskawicz at University of California, Berkeley to work on plant avirulence genes.
Transitioning from academia to industry, Napoli joined collaborator Richard A. Jorgensen at the Oakland-based agricultural biotechnology company Advanced Genetic Sciences, Inc. (AGS) which was acquired later by DNA Plant Technology Corporation. At AGS, Napoli and Jorgensen sought to increase flower pigmentation by overexpressing the gene encoding the Chalcone Synthase (CHS) by using a vector for high-level translation designed by their AGS colleague Jonathan Jones. The antisense CHS construct they deployed in Petunia plants created novel flower color distribution. One of these patterns, dubbed "Cossack Dancer," was featured in The Plant Cell 30-year retrospective, "Refections on Plant Cell Classics,". These observations documented by Napoli and Jorgensen are examples of "co-suppression," – a post transcriptional gene silencing mechanism predating the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi).
From DNAP, Napoli accepted a faculty position in the Department of Environmental Horticulture at the University of California, Davis (UCD) where she deployed a strategy of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) to produce mutations in both Petunia and Arabidopsis seeds. By screening over 1,200 mutants she identified a bushy phenotype that she termed "decreased apical dominance" or "dad" mutants and subsequently published her analysis of the reversal of this phenomenon by grafting in the journal Plant Physiology. In collaboration with Loverine Taylor, Napoli identified a phenotype that was used as a selectable marker for plant breeding research.
Following UCD, Napoli joined the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Arizona (UA) where she focused on designing and distributing resources to the Arabidopsis and maize research communities under the auspices of an National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program grant led by Jorgensen and Vicki Chandler. At UA, Napoli launched the NSF-funded ChromDB (Chromatin Database), a platform for displaying chromatin-associated proteins, including RNAi-associated proteins, for a range of organisms.

## Awards and honors

In 2023 Napoli was recognized as a Pioneer Member of the American Society of Plant Biologists.
# Aramais Sahakyan

Aramais Sahakyan (Armenian: Արամայիս Սահակյան, May 24, 1936 – March 14, 2013) was an Armenian poet, humorist, publicist and translator.

## Biography

Sahakyan was born in Artsvashen, Armenian SSR. A graduate of the Armenian State Teacher Training Institute's (now university) Language and History Department, Sahakyan later took higher literary courses at the Moscow Maxim Gorky Institute. In the 1960s he was a publisher for the Armenian periodicals Avanguard and Garun ('Spring,' a literary monthly). From 1970 till 1971, Sahakyan worked at the State Commission of the Armenian Television and Radio. He was better known for his humor weekly, Vozni ('Hedgehog'), where he was editor-in-chief for over 30 years (1982–2013).
Sahakyan's best-known books are Starlet (1958), Love Age (1959), We Are Together (1964), To Love and to Live (1968), Be Happy (1972), and I Love you (1975). He was a laureate of USSR and foreign awards. His literary pieces have been translated into many languages. After the collapse of the USSR, Sahakyan was a member of independent Armenia's first parliament.
He died, age 76, in Yerevan, Armenia.
# Mad as a March hare

To be as "mad as a March hare" is an English idiomatic phrase derived from the observed antics said to occur only in the March breeding season of the European hare (Lepus europaeus). The phrase is an allusion that can be used to refer to any other animal or human who behaves in the excitable and unpredictable manner of a March hare.

## Historical development of the idiom

A long-held view is that the hare will behave strangely and excitedly throughout its breeding season, which, in Europe, peaks in the month of March. This odd behaviour includes boxing at other hares, jumping vertically for seemingly no reason and generally displaying abnormal behaviour. An early verbal record of this animal's strange behaviour occurred in about 1500, in the poem Blowbol's Test where the original poet said:
    Thanne þey begyn to swere and to stare, And be as braynles as a Marshe hare
    (Then they begin to swerve and to stare, And be as brainless as a March hare)
Similar phrases are attested in the sixteenth century in the works of John Skelton (Replycacion, 1528: "Aiii, I saye, thou madde Marche Hare"; Magnyfycence, 1529: "As mery as a marche hare"). A later recorded use of the phrase occurs in the writings of Sir Thomas More (The supplycacyon of soulys made by syr Thomas More knyght councellour to our souerayn lorde the Kynge and chauncellour of hys Duchy of Lancaster. Agaynst the supplycacyon of beggars: "As mad not as a March hare, but as a madde dogge."
Although the phrase in general has been in continuous use since the 16th century, it was popularised in more recent times by Lewis Carroll in his 1865 children's book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, in which the March Hare is a character.
# Veer Kunwar Singh University

Veer Kunwar Singh university was established on 22 October 1992 with its headquarters at Arrah, under the Bihar University Act 1976 [as amendment Act 9 of 1992]. It is named after Kunwar Singh, the well-known national hero and a distinguished freedom fighter of 1857.
It is in the list of recognized universities under section 2(f) of the U.G.C. Act. All of its 17 constituent colleges and one affiliated college receive final assistance from U.G.C. by virtue of being constituent/affiliated colleges of the erstwhile Magadh University in Gaya, Bihar. It is in the list of recognized universities under the AICTE with ID-1-44497171004 for Master of Business Administration and Master in Computer Science. It is in the list of university under the Department of Higher Education, Government of India with code-U-0077 and under Institution's Innovation Council with ID-IC202431006. It is in the list of recognized university under National Council for Teacher Education with Code No-APE00529 for B.Ed course.

## Academics

The university conducts teaching and learning in areas such as physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, mathematics, computer science, commerce, history, economics, management, law, sociology, geography, etc. It also runs exchange programs in affiliation with colleges and institutes in and around the state.

## Colleges

Its jurisdiction extends over four districts, Bhojpur, Buxar, Kaimur and Rohtas.

### Affiliated colleges

* Sumitra Mahila College Dumraon
* K.K Mandal College Buxar
* P.C College Buxar
* T.S.I.M College, Ara, Bhojpur
* Jan Sahkari College (Barap), Garhani Bhojpur
* D.K college dumrao , buxer jila

## Constituent colleges

Constituent colleges of Veer Kunwar Singh University
* Harprasad Das Jain College, Ara
* Maharaja College, Ara
* S.B. College, Ara
* Jagjiwan College, Arrah
* M.M. Mahila College, Ara
* M.V. College, Buxar
* D.K. College, Dumraon
* Shersah College, Sasaram
* S.P. Jain College, Sasaram
* Rohtas Mahila College, Sasaram
* Sri Shankar College, Sasaram
* A.S. College, Bikramganj
* J.L.N. College, Dehri-on-sone
* S.N. College, ShahmalKhairadeo
* Mahila College, Dalmianagar
* S.V.P. College, Bhabhua
* Gram Bharti College, Ramgarh

## Notable alumni

* Pawan Singh (Bhojpuri singer and Actor)
* Alok Kumar (CEO - National Skill Development Corporation International Limited)
# Mike Francis

Francesco Puccioni (26 April 1961 – 30 January 2009), better known under his stage name Mike Francis, was an Italian singer and composer, born in Florence, Italy. Internationally, he was best known for his 1984 hit, "Survivor", and his collaborations with American singer Amii Stewart.

## Career

Puccioni formed his first band at age 14 with schoolmates from l'Istituto di Studi Americano in Rome. Under the stage name Mike Francis, he had his first hit with "Survivor" in 1984 and went on to record ten studio albums. Among his best known works is the song "Friends", a duet with Amii Stewart released in 1984 which became a big hit in the UK and the Philippines.
Beginning in 2000, assisted by his brother Mario (Mari-One) and by the Maltese multi-instrumentalist Aidan Zammit, he founded the group Mystic Diversions. The group's songs were featured on many high-profile chill-out and lounge compilations. In addition to new, original song material, they also performed covers of 1970s and 1980s songs like "Float On" (by the Floaters) and "A Warm Summer Night" (by Chic). Together with the trio, additional musicians for live sets consisted of Agostino Marangolo (drums), Fabio Pignatelli (bass), Marco Rinalduzzi (guitars), Giovanni Imparato (percussion and vocals), as well as Wendy Lewis and Laura Serra (backing vocals).
Francis' 2007 album Inspired contains several covers such as "Summer Breeze" (Seals & Crofts), "Time" (Culture Club), "Thinking of You" (Sister Sledge) and "Nothing Can Come Between Us" (Sade), as well as collaborations with Blank & Jones on "Roots", "I Love You", the Van Morrison cover "Someone Like You" and the Labi Siffre cover "Down". "Someone Like You" appears on the compilation album Café del Mar Vol. 12. Francis' website states him as saying: "From that moment many other songs were born[;] in a simple and spontaneous way, simply "inspired"..."

## Death

Puccioni died aged 47 on 30 January 2009 of lung cancer in Rome. His last compilation album The Very Best of Mike Francis (All Was Missing) was released just days before his death.
# Bernhard Getz

Bernhard Getz (21 March 1850 – 1 November 1901) was a Norwegian judge, professor, law reformer and Mayor of Oslo.
He was born at Strinda in Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. He was the son of merchant Anton Lauritz Getz (1817–68) and Anna Christence Jenssen (1825–94). He graduated artium at Trondheim Cathedral School in 1868. He traveled abroad with public scholarships in 1875, stayed for the most part in Leipzig to study criminal law and legal proceedings. In 1876, Getz was appointed professor of law at the University of Kristiania. He took his law degree in 1889 at the University of Copenhagen.
From 1889 to 1901 he served as the first Norwegian Director of Public Prosecutions. From 1891 he led the National Civil Procedure Law Commission. He was a member of the city council of Kristiania (now Oslo) and mayor from 1891 to 1892. He was a member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 1897.

## Personal life

He was married to Johanne Christine Fredrikke Berg (1855–1924) with whom he had seven children, including Supreme Court Attorney Eyvind Getz (1888–1956). He died in 1901 at 51 years of age and was buried at Vestre Aker in Oslo.
# Empire, Wyoming

Empire, Wyoming was an all-black community of ex-slave families who settled in the Spoon Hill Creek Valley in Goshen County, Wyoming, near the Nebraska state border, between 1908 and 1920. This group of individuals is separate from the "Exodusters" who moved West in the late nineteenth century.

## History

Empire, WY was founded in 1908 by African American families from Custer County, Nebraska. Russel Taylor applied for the organization of a post office on December 29, 1915.

## Legacy

Today, two historical markers commemorate the homesteaders who lived in Empire. One is located on the Interstate 25's Dwyer Junction Rest Area close to the town of Wheatland, Wyoming. The second commemoration was placed in Torrington, Wyoming, next to the Goshen County Homesteaders Museum.
# Evelyn Furtsch

Evelyn Pearl Furtsch (later Ojeda, April 17, 1914 – March 5, 2015) was an American sprint runner. Furtsch won the gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay with teammates Mary Carew, Annette Rogers and Wilhelmina von Bremen at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

## Biography

Furtsch was born in San Diego, California in 1914. She and her family moved to Orange County when she was 8 years old. During her Junior year at Tustin High School, a gym teacher noticed that she ran very fast. It was brought to the attention of Tustin High School track coach, Vincent Humeston where she was soon training and running with the boys track team. At the time, only big cities and big city schools had organized women's track & field. Humeston got in touch with the Los Angeles Athletic Club, who were at the time, training girls for the 1932 Olympics. In 1931, Furtsch placed in an AAU championship for the only time, when she finished second in the 100 yards.
At the 1932 Olympics, the American women's 4 × 100 m relay team broke both the Olympic and world record. Although they ran it in 46.9 seconds, the Olympics at that time did not count tenths of a second. The Olympic record, therefore, was recorded at 47.0 seconds, while the world record at 46.9 seconds.
After the Olympics Furtsch studied for two years at Santa Ana College. There was no track team at the college at the time, so she ended her sports career. She married Joe Ojeda, and together with him ran a real estate brokerage company in Santa Ana, California.
Furtsch was the first woman from Orange County to win an Olympic gold medal. She received the Ralph Clark Distinguished Citizen Award in Santa Ana in 1984, and was elected into the Orange County Sports Hall of Fame in 1985. She also received the Ralph Clark Distinguished Citizen Award in Santa Ana.
Furtsch was the last surviving member of the 1932 American 4×100 meter relay team. She turned 100 in April 2014, thus becoming the first female Olympic champion in athletics to live for a century and the first female American Olympic gold medalist to do so. She and Godfrey Rampling are the only Olympic track and field gold medalists to live for a century.
# Spellevator

Spellevator is an educational video game for the Apple II published by MECC in 1988.

## Gameplay

The player controls a dust bunny, which is chased by several vacuum cleaners with different movement patterns. The objective of the level is to grab all the letters and exit through the upper left corner. The player can pass through an unoccupied elevator (some vacuum cleaners use elevators also) by correctly answering a spelling or vocabulary question. Once one completes a level, the player can receive a bonus by correctly unscrambling the letters one grabbed into a word.
Spellevator has a utility on the disk's flipside that let a user create a word list and save it to any ProDOS formatted floppy disk. This way, teachers could customize the game to fit their own particular vocabulary lists.

## Legacy

Spellevator was followed by Spellevator Plus for additional platforms.
# Babu

Babu may refer to:

## Place

* Babu District, in Hezhou, Guangxi, China
* K. D. Singh Babu Stadium (disambiguation), various stadiums in India named after the field hockey player Babu (see below)

## Deity

* Bau (goddess)

## Title

* Babu (title), a princely title used by many rulers in India

## People

* Babu (name), list of people with this name
* Babù (born 1980), Anderson Rodney de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
* Babu (wrestling), ring name of Pablo Marquez, Ecuadorian wrestler
* DJ Babu (born 1974), Filipino-American DJ and member of Dilated Peoples
* K. D. Singh (1922–1978), Indian field hockey player, nicknamed Babu

## Media and culture

* Babu (1971 film), a 1971 Tamil film starring Sivaji Ganesan
* Babu (1975 film), a 1975 Telugu film starring Shobhan Babu
* Babu (1985 film), a 1985 Hindi film starring Rajesh Khanna
* Babu (2001 film), a 2001 Urdu film starring Zeba Bakhtiar
* Hurree Chunder Mookerjee, character in the Rudyard Kipling novel Kim, mostly referred to as "Hurree Babu" or "the Babu"
* Babu, a fictional character from the 1973 animated television show Jeannie

## Animals

* Babu (red panda), which disappeared from a nature centre in Birmingham in 2005