OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh

Mugharet el-Zuttiyeh ("Cave of the Robbers"), also called as the "Skull Cave", is a prehistoric archaeological site in Upper Galilee, Israel. It is situated 2,900 m (9,500 ft) from the Nahal Amud outlet, approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the wadi bed (148 m (486 ft) below sea level). It was found to house a fossil today known as the "Galilee skull" or "The Yabrudian Man".

## History

Discovered in 1925, the skull was the first fossilised archaic human found in Western Asia. Together with the remains found at Es Skhul and the Wadi el-Mughara Caves, this find was classified in 1939 by Arthur Keith and Theodore D. McCown as Palaeoanthropus palestinensis. Today its taxonomy is that of Homo heidelbergensis.
Zuttiyeh cave is at the opening of a limestone ravine where Nahal Amud turns eastward, 250 m (820 ft) above a smaller cave known as Mugharet el-Emireh (Cave of the Princess).
The cave was excavated from 1925 to 1926 by Francis Turville-Petre. It was the first paleontological excavation in the region. Turville-Petre discovered a skull, referred to as the Galilee Skull, that was initially described as the second Neanderthal-like specimen. It was originally attributed to a Mousterian stratum and is now thought to be from an earlier Acheulo-Yabrudian complex. Later studies showed that the face was relatively flat, with no evidence of Neanderthal-like facial prognathism.
The frontal bone and part of the upper face were found in the Mugharan level, which leads to an estimate of the age of the fossil to range from 200 to 500 kya. Similarities with Zhoukoudian remains suggest a possible ancestral relationship.
The skull is housed in the Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem along with many other findings of Turville-Petre. A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum.
# Redfield, Bristol

Redfield is an area situated in East Bristol though it is represented in Westminster as part of the Bristol West constituency. It includes the stretch of Church Road (A420) from Verrier Road to the western boundary of St George's Park, Victorian-era landscaped parkland. It is adjacent to the neighbourhoods of Barton Hill and Russell Town to the South, St George to the East, Whitehall to the North and Lawrence Hill to the West and Pile Marsh to the South-East.

## Population

The total population for the Redfield area is 2,522 and data suggests that the predominant age group is 35-49 years, consisting of 690 people. Bristol City Council identifies that the area commonly known as Redfield consists of two Lower Super Output Areas ("LSOAs"): Church Road and Redfield. The 2008 Ward Profiles published by Bristol City Council rank the two LSOAs as 112th and 111th (respectively) out of 252 most deprived areas in Bristol (no.1 being the most deprived). Redfield falls into two Bristol wards: Easton and St George West.

## Community involvement

The 2003 Redfield Action Plan outlines a number of measures to improve social and economic conditions in Redfield and its locale. Community at Heart was set up to oversee implementation of the programme in Redfield, Barton Hill and The Dings.

## Leisure and entertainment

To the east of the area lies St George Park, an elegant Victorian suburban park. To the south of the area lies the Netham Park.
Redfest is an independent arts and music festival seeking to bring music, film, cabaret, comedy, animation, graffiti, photography, art and fun to community of Redfield. Redfest is run by a group of volunteers from the local community and is entirely reliant on public donations, support and sponsorship from local businesses and grant funding where available.

## Transport

Bus routes run frequently from the area to the City Centre and out to the suburbs of Kingswood and Hanham.
The nearby Lawrence Hill railway station serves the Redfield population and provides an easy access point to other stations in Bristol including Temple meads railway station with connections across the country.
The Bristol & Bath Railway Path, a 13-mile asphalt motor-vehicle-free route between the cities of Bristol and Bath, starts just west of Redfield at Lawrence Hill and has several entrance points along its route just north of the area.
# Freughlough

Freughlough is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Omagh West and the civil parish of Urney and covers an area of 592 acres.
The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:
| Year | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
| Population | 231 | 160 | 181 | 144 | 158 | 109 |
| Houses | 47 | 27 | 34 | 29 | 30 | 27 |
The townland contains one Scheduled Historic Monument: a Standing stone (grid ref: H2620 8530) now situated on the edge of a housing estate. The stone stands to a height of 1.45m and a width of 1.05m.
# Gianfranco Zilioli

Gianfranco Zilioli (born 5 March 1990) is an Italian former professional racing cyclist.

## Major results

Source:

### 2010

    9th Overall Giro della Valle d'Aosta
    9th Trofeo Gianfranco Bianchin

### 2011

    1st Coppa Città di San Daniele
    6th Giro del Belvedere
    10th Overall Giro della Valle d'Aosta

### 2012

    1st GP Capodarco
    2nd Gran Premio di Poggiana
    5th Overall Giro della Valle d'Aosta
    6th Giro del Medio Brenta
    6th Gran Premio Palio del Recioto

### 2013

    1st Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
    3rd GP Capodarco
    3rd Piccolo Giro di Lombardia
    6th Overall Settimana Ciclistica Lombarda
    7th Coppa della Pace

### 2014

    6th Overall Sibiu Cycling Tour
    7th Giro dell'Emilia
    7th GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano
    8th Overall Tour de Langkawi
    10th Giro di Toscana

### 2015

    4th Road race, National Road Championships
    6th Coppa Bernocchi

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2015 | 2016 |
| Giro d'Italia | 71 | 118 |
| Tour de France | — | — |
| Vuelta a España | — | — |
Legend :
| — | Did not compete |
| DNF | Did not finish |
# The Last Will of a Russian Fascist

The Last Will of a Russian Fascist (Russian: Завещание русского фашиста, romanized: Zaveshchaniye russkogo fashista) is a 2001 reprint edition of a book by Konstantin Rodzaevsky, the leader of the All-Russia Fascist Party. Circulation of the book was 12,000 copies, of which 5,000 were a first-edition volume with illustrations, and the remainder were a second-edition volume without illustrations.

## Preface

The book begins with a preface by I. Dyakov [ru], "At the Edge of Russian Graves", and a biography of Konstantin Rodzaevsky written by K. Gusev [ru].

## Monograph

The bulk of the book is the monograph by Rodzaevsky "Contemporary Judaisation of the World or the Jewish Question in the 20th Century", published in Harbin in 1943. The monograph is divided into four parts:
* "Traveling around the world" discusses political geography and the views of the author regarding the geography of the world in terms of the presence of Jews and the degree of their influence in a country
* "Excursion to the story": the author's conception of Jewish history
* "World Jewish interstate": the author's conception of the organization of Jewish communities of the world
* "The decision of our destiny": the author's opinions about contemporary world events, their causes, and the hidden consequences of the Jewish Policy

## Azbuka fashizma

Also included in the book is "Azbuka fashizma" ("The ABC of fascism"), compiled, edited and with additions by Rodzaevsky published in Harbin in 1934. This work represents 100 responses to 100 questions about fascism. At the end of the book, the anthem of the Russian Fascist Party (VFP) is found.

## Party documents

In the book published by VFP Program (approved 03/07/1935 in Harbin) and approved by the Supreme Council of 25.10.1936, is included the VFP position papers: "On the party greeting" No. 69, "On the party flag of VFP" No. 71, "On the National Flag and National Anthem" No. 73, "On the party icon" No. 67, "On the party banner" No. 72, "On the party and form a hierarchical Signs" No. 68 (with appendix – table of hierarchical letters), and "On the religious icon" No. 65.

## Articles

After the party documents in the book, there are two articles by Aleksey Shiropaev: "Voice of Russian Truth" and "Russian of the future".

## Necessary additions

The book includes a statement dated October 4, 1997, concerning the rehabilitation of Rodzaevsky, Lev Okhotin, and others; the definition of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 043/46 dated 26.03.1998; the refusal of rehabilitation of Rodzaevsky, Lev Okhotin, and others; as well as the response from the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office on the legality of this definition.

## Banned in Russia

On October 11, 2010, due to a decision by the Central District Court of Krasnoyarsk, the book became recognized in Russia as extremist material, and the book has been included in the Federal List of Extremist Materials (No. 861).
# Gypsy (1937 film)

Gypsy is a 1937 British drama film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Roland Young, Chili Bouchier and Hugh Williams. It based on the 1935 novel Tzigane by Lady Eleanor Smith.

## Plot summary

Romani dancer Hassina falls in love with lion tamer Brazil and travels to London to find him. Brazil is supposedly working at the Crystal Palace, but he is not there when Hassina arrives. After fainting from lack of food, Hassina is taken into the home of wealthy middle-aged bachelor Alan Brooks, who falls in love with her.

## Cast

* Roland Young as Alan Brooks
* Chili Bouchier as Hassina
* Hugh Williams as Brazil
* Frederick Burtwell as Pim
* Glen Alyn as Lilli
* Brian Buchel as Vicot
* Andreas Malandrinos as Hunyadi
* Victor Fairley as Strauss

## Production

The film was made at Teddington Studios by the British subsidiary of Warner Brothers. Like many Teddington productions of the era, it is now considered to be a lost film.
# Dry Fork (Pomme de Terre River tributary)

Dry Fork is a stream in Polk County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Pomme de Terre River.
The stream headwaters are at 37°39′06″N 93°28′23″W﻿ / ﻿37.65167°N 93.47306°W﻿ / 37.65167; -93.47306 and the confluence with the Pomme de Terre River is at 37°44′47″N 93°25′18″W﻿ / ﻿37.74639°N 93.42167°W﻿ / 37.74639; -93.42167. The stream source area is just east of Missouri Route 13 northwest of Bolivar and it flows north along the Burlington Railroad Line past Cliquot. It turns abruptly east and meanders under Missouri Route 83 south of Rondo to its confluence with the Pomme de Terre just south of the Pomme de Terre Lake.
Dry Fork was named for the fact it often runs dry.
# Salamerta

Salamerta is a village in the town of Mandiraja, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This village had an area of 472.74 hectares and a population of 3.869 inhabitants in 2010.
# LNER Thompson Class Q1

The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Thompson Class Q1 was a class of 0-8-0T steam locomotives. They were rebuilds of the GCR Class 8A (LNER Class Q4) 0-8-0s. Thirteen were rebuilt between 1942 and 1945 at Gorton Works. All passed to British Railways in 1948, numbered 69925–69937.

## Overview

The locomotives had outside cylinders with inside valves and inside Stephenson valve gear. There were two variants:
* Q1/1 (69925-69928) with 1,500-imperial-gallon (6,800 L; 1,800 US gal) tanks
* Q1/2 (69929-69937) with 2,000-imperial-gallon (9,100 L; 2,400 US gal) tanks
The extra 500 imperial gallons (2,300 L; 600 US gal) of water in the Q1/2 was carried in the rear tank, under the coal bunker, resulting in a reduced coal capacity.

## Withdrawal

All the Class Q1 locomotives were withdrawn and scrapped from 1954 to 1959.
# Finite element limit analysis

A finite element limit analysis (FELA) uses optimisation techniques to directly compute the upper or lower bound plastic collapse load (or limit load) for a mechanical system rather than time stepping to a collapse load, as might be undertaken with conventional non-linear finite element techniques. The problem may be formulated in either a kinematic or equilibrium form.
The technique has been used most significantly in the field of soil mechanics for the determination of collapse loads for geotechnical problems (e.g. slope stability analysis). An alternative technique which may be used to undertake similar direct plastic collapse computations using optimization is Discontinuity layout optimization.

## Software for finite element limit analysis

* OptumG2 (2014-) General purpose software for 2D geotechnical applications.
* OptumG3 (2017-) General purpose software for 3D geotechnical applications.
# Cloncandra Glebe

Cloncandra Glebe is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Omagh East and the civil parish of Kilskeery and covers an area of 213 acres.
The name derives from the Irish: Cluain Conraidh (Conradh's lawn or meadow).
The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:
| Year | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
| Population | 97 | 80 | 63 | 37 | 29 | 30 |
| Houses | 19 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 7 |
# Albert Einstein Award

The Albert Einstein Award was an award in theoretical physics, given periodically from 1951 to 1979, that was established to recognize high achievement in the natural sciences. It was endowed by the Lewis and Rosa Strauss Memorial Fund in honor of Albert Einstein's 70th birthday. It was first awarded in 1951 and, in addition to a gold medal of Einstein by sculptor Gilroy Roberts, it also included a prize money of $15,000, which was later reduced to $5,000. The winner was selected by a committee (the first of which consisted of Einstein, Oppenheimer, von Neumann, and Weyl) of the Institute for Advanced Study, which administered the award. Lewis L. Strauss used to be one of the trustees of the institute.
This award should not be confused with many others named after the famous physicist, such as the Albert Einstein World Award of Science given by the World Cultural Council (since 1984), the Albert Einstein Medal given by the Albert Einstein Society (since 1979), nor with the Hans Albert Einstein Award, named after his son and given by the American Society of Civil Engineers (since 1988). It was established much earlier than these, while Einstein was still alive and was a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study. It has been called "the highest of its kind in the United States" by The New York Times. Some considered it as "the prestigious equivalent of a Nobel Prize".

## Recipients

Albert Einstein Award recipients :
| Year | Image | Recipient(s) | Ref. |
| 1951 | | Kurt Gödel | [2] [11] |
| 1951 | | Julian Schwinger | [2] [11] |
| 1954 | | Richard Feynman | |
| 1958 | | Edward Teller | |
| 1959 | – | Willard Libby | |
| 1960 | | Leó Szilárd | |
| 1961 | | Luis Alvarez | |
| 1965 | | John Wheeler | |
| 1967 | | Marshall Rosenbluth | |
| 1970 | – | Yuval Ne'eman | |
| 1972 | | Eugene Wigner | |
| 1978 | | Stephen Hawking | |
| 1979 | – | Tullio Regge | |
# USS Saint Croix

USS Saint Croix (APA-231), was a Haskell-class attack transport of the United States Navy, able to carry 1,500 troops and their combat equipment, and to land them on a hostile shore using the ship's own landing craft.
The ship was built by the Kaiser Shipyard in Vancouver, Washington, and launched on 9 November 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Walter E. Hanawalt, and was accepted by the Navy and commissioned on 1 December 1944.

## Service history

Following a shakedown cruise off the California coast, Saint Croix departed San Diego on 31 January 1945, bound for the South Pacific. She reached Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, on 16 February; then carried military passengers and equipment between Guadalcanal and the Florida Islands until 18 March.
She next sailed to New Caledonia, via the New Hebrides, and reached Nouméa on 26 March. On 3 May, Saint Croix sailed for the Philippines with Army troops that she landed near Tarragona, Leyte, on 16 May for mop-up operations. She then made three trips to New Guinea to bring more troops, debarking at Manila on 17 June, and at San Fernando on 14 July and 8 August.
The Saint Croix was at Manila when hostilities ended. She embarked Army occupation units at Manila and carried them to Japan, arriving at Yokohama on 13 September. Next, she loaded marines at Guam in late September and delivered them to Tsingtao, China, on 11 October as part of Operation Beleaguer. She then sailed to Hai Phong, Indochina (via Manila), to embark Chinese troops for passage to Kaohsiung, Formosa with USS Napa.
Back in Manila on 21 November, she embarked troops, and delivered them to San Francisco on 16 December.
Saint Croix then participated in "Operation Crossroads," the first peacetime testing of the atomic bomb: she left the west coast in February 1946 and served as an advance station ship for the operation, which exploded nuclear devices at Bikini Atoll on 1 July and 25 July. While at Bikini the ship was the home of the 53rd Naval Construction Battalion.
The Saint Croix returned the Seabees to Port Hueneme in August 1946 where the battalion was decommissioned and, except for a voyage to Pearl Harbor in January 1947, remained there until she was decommissioned on 7 April 1947. She then transferred to the Maritime Commission and was placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, California. The ex-Saint Croix was sold for scrap in late 1979.
# List of national nature reserves of China

This is a list of national nature reserves of China by province.

## Beijing

* Songshan National Nature Reserve

## Fujian

* Wuyishan National Nature Reserve

## Gansu

* Liancheng National Nature Reserve

## Guangdong

* Dinghushan National Nature Reserve

## Guizhou

* Cao Hai Nature Reserve
* Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve

## Hainan

* Hainan Bawangling National Nature Reserve
* Yinggeling National Nature Reserve

## Heilongjiang

* Heixiazidao National Nature Reserve
* Honghe National Nature Reserve
* Xingkaihu National Nature Reserve
* Zhalong Nature Reserve
* Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve

## Henan

* Baotianman National Nature Reserve

## Hunan

* Dupangling National Nature Reserve
* Nanyue Hengshan National Nature Reserve

## Inner Mongolia

* Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve

## Jilin

* Changbaishan National Nature Reserve
* Hunchun National Nature Reserve

## Qinghai

* Kekexili Wildlife Protection Reserve
* Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve

## Shaanxi

* Foping National Nature Reserve
* Changqing National Nature Reserve

## Shandong

* Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve
* Shanwang National Geological Park

## Shanghai

* Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve

## Sichuan

* Dafengding Nature Reserve
* Wolong National Nature Reserve

## Tibet

* Xainza Nature Reserve

## Xinjiang

* Altun Shan National Nature Reserve
* Bayanbulak Grassland National Nature Reserve
* Aibi Lake Wetland Nature Reserve
* Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve

## Yunnan

* Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve
* Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve
* Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve

## Zhejiang

* Fengyangshan–Baishanzu National Nature Reserve
* Gutianshan National Nature Reserve
* Tianmushan National Nature Reserve
* Wuyanling National Nature Reserve
# Peter Kihara Kariuki

Peter Kihara Kariuki I.M.C. (born 6 February 1954) is a Kenyan Roman Catholic prelate who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Marsabit, Kenya since 2006. He previously served as the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Muranga, from 1999 until 2006. He was appointed bishop on 3 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II.

## Early life and education

He was born in Thunguri, Kirinyaga County, Kenya, on 6 February 1954. After studying philosophy and Theology, he was ordained a priest in 1983.

## Priest

He was ordained priest of the Consolata Missionaries on 16 December 1983. He served in that capacity until 3 June 1999.

## Bishop

On 3 June 1999 The Holy Father John Paul II appointed him Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Muranga. On 11 September 1999, he was consecrated and installed at Muranga by the hands of Archbishop Giovanni Tonucci, Titular Archbishop of Torcello assisted by Archbishop Nicodemus Kirima, Archbishop of Nyeri and Bishop John Njue, Bishop of Embu.
On 25 November 2006 Pope Benedict XVI accepted the age-related resignation from pastoral duties of Bishop Ambrogio Ravasi, I.M.C., as Ordinary of Marsabit Diocese. On the same day, The Holy Father appointed Bishop Peter Kihara Kariuki, of Muranga Diocese to succeed the retiring prelate. Bishop Peter Kihara Kariuki, I.M.C. was installed as the Ordinary of the diocese of Marsabit on 25 January 2007. He continues to serve in that capacity as of 2024.
# Xinghuacun Fenjiu

Shanxi Xinghuacun Fenjiu Distillery Co. Ltd. (Chinese: 山西杏花村汾酒厂股份有限公司) more commonly known as simply Xinghuacun Fenjiu (Chinese: 杏花村汾酒) is a baijiu distillery headquartered in Xinghuacun, Fenyang, Shanxi, China. The primary output of the distillery, Fenjiu, is a qingxiang baijiu that was one of the "Four Famous Spirits" as determined in the 1952 National Alcohol Appraisal Conference, assigning it as the representative of the eponymously named fēnxiāng (汾香; fen aroma) category that preceded the modern qingxiang designation.
As of 2023 Xinghuacun Fenjiu is the third most valuable spirits brand in the world.

## Product Characteristics

Xinghuacun's primary output is "Fenjiu", a historic style of qingxiang (清香; light aroma) baijiu. The fermentation base is made of sorghum that is ground, soaked, cooked, and cooled before being mixed with a barley and pea based qū. This mixture is fermented for a month in an earthen jar and distilled, producing once used grain and some amount of spirit. The used grain goes through the process again being mixed with qū, fermented for a month, and distilled. At this point the grain is considered spent and discarded and the two spirits are blended together at which point it will be aged, usually for about a year, blended, proofed, bottled, and sold.
This process produces a spirit with significant levels of ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate resulting in a light aroma that is sometimes described as having floral, herbaceous, and or stone-fruit notes.
Xinghuacun also produces "Zhuyeqingjiu" (Chinese: 竹叶青酒; pinyin: zhú yè qīng jiǔ; lit. 'bamboo leaf green spirit'), a sweeted herbal liqueur infused with sharen, zitan, dong quai, chenpi, clove, linxiang cao, yunmuxiang, among other herbs with a base of fenjiu itself.

## History

According to recent archaeological findings, the production of alcohol in Xinghua village began about 6,000 years ago as early forms of grain wine were developed.
Over the centuries, as the processes of saccharification and fermentation were improved upon, a predecessor to the modern Fenjiu, Fenqingjiu, was developed during the Tang dynasty and received praise in the Book of Northern Qi. The process of fermentation and distillation developed in Xinghua Village became an increasingly cohesive and finalized technique that much resembled the modern Fengjiu during the Song and Yuan dynasties (960–1368). During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) merchants from Shanxi began to travel across China and spread both Fenjiu and the techniques of distillation which gave rise to what would become the Qīngxiāng (清香; light aroma) style of baijiu.
In 1919, the Jinyu Fenjiu Corporation was established as one of the first modern distilleries in China and it was upon this foundation that the Xinghuacun Fenjiu Distillery was founded in 1949 during the Chinese Civil War shortly before the proclamation of the People's Republic of China.