# Ministry of State Security (North Korea)

The Ministry of State Security of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 국가보위성) is the secret police agency of North Korea. It is an autonomous agency of the North Korean government reporting directly to the Supreme Leader. The agency is reputed to be one of the most brutal secret police forces in the world, and it has been involved in numerous human rights abuses.
It is one of two agencies that provide security or protection to North Korean officials and VIPs, alongside the Supreme Guard Command. The MSS was known by its nickname as Saeng-Gaggyeongchal (Korean: 생각경찰) meaning North Korea's Thought Police under Kim Jong-un's reign as leader since taking power in December 2011.

## History

In 1945, the DPRK Security was established, being attached to the "Police Department". In 1948, it became Ministry of Internal Affairs (Korean: 내무성 정치보위국) with the Bureau of Political Protection attached. In February 1949, it became the Political Security Agency (Korean: 정치보위부로). In September 1948, the National Political Affairs Department, which specializes in political in the North Korean region, was newly established.
On August 20, 1949, however, after Lee Chang-ok, the deputy secretary of the Republic of Korea, escaped from Haeju, South Korea, along with Kim Kang and others, the organization was abolished after a massive purge. It was integrated into the Ministry of Social Safety (later known as the Ministry of People's Security). In 1951 it was renamed to Social Security Political Security Agency. In 1952, Department of Homeland Security. In 1962, it became Social and Political Security Agency (Korean: 사회안전성 정치보위국). The SSD was created in 1973, being separated from the Ministry of Public Security.
Some defectors and sources have suggested that unlike its Eastern Bloc counterparts, State Security functions are actually conducted by several larger and different security bodies that operate under the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) or the Korean People's Army (KPA, the North Korean armed forces), each with its own unique responsibilities and classified names that are referred to by code (e.g. Room 39), and that the agency is little more than a hollow shell used by the elite to coordinate their activities and provide cover for them.
The post of Security Department head was left vacant after Minister Ri Chun-su's death in 1987, although it was de facto if not de jure controlled by Kim Jong-il and the WPK Organization and Guidance Department he headed. In 1998, the MSS migrated under the National Defence Commission, also chaired by Kim Jong-il. Finally, in 2007, it was transferred under the WPK Administration Department, whose first vice director became responsible of the MSS daily work, but it continued to have obligations towards the Organization and Guidance Department.
In November 2011, it was reported that General U Tong-chuk had been appointed permanent minister of State Security, the first of this kind since 1987, filling a post left unoccupied for 24 years. This was almost concurrent with General Ri Myong-su's appointment as minister of People's Security. Other sources also claimed that Kim Jong-un worked at the State Security Department before and/or after his anointment as heir apparent in September 2010. Kim Won-hong was appointed minister in April 2012 as the position was restored following Kim Jong-il's death. He served as Kim Jong-un's aide until February 2017 when he was allegedly dismissed for filing false reports to Kim Jong-un and mishandling an aide of Kim Jong-un. He was formally replaced in October 2017 at a WPK central committee plenum by Jong Kyong-thaek. So Tae-ha is the vice minister, while Kim Chang-sop serves as the head of the political department of the ministry.
On October 21, 2021, the MSS was instructed not to surveil North Koreans living near the Chinese-North Korean border who are known to be free from any ideological suspicions. In 2023, the MSS was nicknamed and titled as North Korea's Thought Police under Kim Jong-un when he came to power in 2011.

## Duties

The Ministry of State Security is tasked with investigating political and economic crimes in North Korea, especially crimes against the Kim family. It's also tasked with conducting VIP protection duties for North Korean diplomats and employees who work in various North Korean embassies, consulates and other foreign missions abroad. In addition to its internal security duties, it is involved in the operation of North Korea's concentration camps, prisons and various other hidden activities.
The ministry has been known to link up with various other government ministries and agencies to help them with their various missions.

## Agency directors

| No. | Minister | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Yong-gon, ChoeLee Chang-ok 이창옥 (李昌玉) | 1948 | 1949 |
| 2 | Kim Byong-ha 김병하 (金炳夏) | 1973 | 1982 |
| 3 | Jin Soo-lee 김창봉 (李鎭洙) | 1982 | 1987 |
| 4 | Kim Ryong-yong 최현 | 1988 | 1998 |
| 5 | Kim Jong-il 김정일 | 1998 | 1999 |
| 6 | Jang Song-thaek 장성택 | 1999 | 2005 |
| 7 | U Tong-chuk 우동측 | 2005 | 2012 |
| 8 | Kim Won-hong 김원홍 | 2012 | 2018 |
| 9 | Jong Kyong-thaek 정경택 | 2018 | 2022 |
| 10 | Ri Chang-dae 리창대 | 2022 | Incumbent |

## Ranks

* Rank
* General
* Colonel General
* Lieutenant General
* Major General
* Senior Colonel
* Colonel
* Commander
* Major
* Captain
* Senior Lieutenant
* Lieutenant
* Junior Lieutenant