OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Midland Railway 2441 Class

The Midland Railway (MR) 2441 Class was a class of 0-6-0T steam locomotives. They were introduced by Samuel Johnson in 1899, originally with round-topped fireboxes. Henry Fowler later rebuilt them with Belpaire fireboxes. They were given the power classification 3F. The LMS Fowler Class 3F of 1924 was based on this design.

## Numbering

Sixty locomotives were built. Initially numbered 2441–2460, 2741–2780; they were renumbered 1900–1959 in the Midland Railway's 1907 renumbering scheme. All passed to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, initially retaining their MR numbers, before being renumbered 7200–7259 between 1934 and 1937. All passed into British Railways ownership in 1948 and were numbered 47200–47259.

## Withdrawal

Withdrawals started in 1954, with three locomotives still in service on 1 January 1966. All were scrapped, though several later LMS locomotives have survived.
Table of withdrawals :
| Year | Quantity in service at start of year | Quantity withdrawn | Locomotive numbers |
| 1954 | 60 | 2 | 47244–45 |
| 1955 | 58 | 4 | 47232/37/52–53 |
| 1956 | 54 | 4 | 47215/20/33/56 |
| 1957 | 50 | 7 | 47206/22/27/40/42–43/58 |
| 1958 | 43 | 3 | 47234/49/51 |
| 1959 | 40 | 9 | 47205/08/10/14/16/19/26/46–47 |
| 1960 | 31 | 5 | 47203/29/38/41/54 |
| 1961 | 26 | 8 | 47200/04/09/12/18/21/39/55 |
| 1962 | 18 | 5 | 47213/17/24/35/59 |
| 1963 | 13 | 2 | 47225/48 |
| 1964 | 11 | 7 | 47207/11/23/28/30/36/57 |
| 1965 | 4 | 1 | 47250 |
| 1966 | 3 | 3 | 47201–02/31 |

## Accidents and incidents

* On 12 July 1932, locomotive No. 1909 was hauling a freight train that collided with a passenger train that had been derailed by catch points at London King's Cross station. It was also derailed, as were five wagons. There were no injuries.
# Pennahatchee Creek

Pennahatchee Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to Turkey Creek.
Pennahatchee is a name derived from the Creek language meaning "turkey".
# Louse Creek (Niobrara River tributary)

Louse Creek is a 8.29 mi (13.34 km) long third-order tributary to the Niobrara River in Holt County, Nebraska.

## Course

Louse Creek begins at the confluence of East and West Branches of Louse Creek about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Dorsey, Nebraska in Holt County and then flows generally north-northwest to join the Niobrara River about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north-northeast of Redbird, Nebraska.

## Watershed

Louse Creek drains 24.45 square miles (63.3 km$^2$) of area, receives about 24.9 in/year (63 cm/year) of precipitation, and is about 4.18% forested.
# TKB

TKB can refer to:
* The MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base, commonly abbreviated as TKB
* Ting Kau Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in Hong Kong
* TKB, the TasKBuilder program for the RSX-11 computer operating system
* Japanese slang for a nipple
TKB (Tulskoye Konstruktorskoye Byuro / Tula Design Bureau) is the prefix for a series of weapons created by TsKIB SOO:
* TKB-09/010
* TKB-011
* TKB-022PM
* TKB-059
* TKB-072
* TKB-408
* TKB-506
* TKB-517
* TKB-523
* TKB-0146
* TKB-0216
# Manuel de Toni

Manuel de Toni (born 10 January 1979 in Feltre, Italy) is an Italian professional ice hockey player who participated at the 2006 Winter Olympics and the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Italian National men's ice hockey team.
# Port of Nagasaki

The Port of Nagasaki (長崎港, Nagasaki-kō) is a seaport in Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.
# 33Across

33Across is a publisher monetization company, founded in 2008 by Eric Wheeler, the CEO of 33Across. The 33Across platform delivers programmatic video and display ad revenue to publishers across devices. Its headquarters are in Sunnyvale, California. The platform connects buyers and sellers through attention-focused ad formats and has offices and employees in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, the UK, India, and Japan.

## History

33Across was among the first companies to leverage social data to build predictive targeting for brands. The company grew quickly with Series A venture backing from First Round Capital. Flybridge provided Series B, providing the capital to acquire San Francisco–based Tynt, a sharing technology on about 800,000 websites in over 195 countries that reaches 1 billion global users monthly. After heavy revenue losses in 2012 and plateauing in 2013, the company downsized and began to build a new business focused on securing quality in-view ad impressions.
In 2014, 33Across signed its one millionth publisher. In 2017, the company promoted Yuri Burka to managing director of the EU and Shyam Kuttikad to CTO. After four years of triple-digit growth, in 2018, the company expanded to Europe and Asia. 33Across marked its strongest year in its 14-year history with EBITDA growth of 500% from 2019 to 2020. In 2021, Paul Bell was appointed as president.
In 2021, the company launched Lexicon; an identity solution created specifically to help publishers succeed without cookies. In June, 2022, it was announced that Lexicon saw 15X year-over-year growth in daily cookieless revenue for publishers as well as 300% increase in fill rates and 150% increase in cookieless CPMs.
Today, 33Across has over 800,000 integrated global publishers, over 1 billion global users, and over 500 billion in monthly traffic.
# Chala (Jews)

    See disambiguation page Challa for more meanings of the word.
Chala (Uzbek: чала) is a Tajik term meaning "neither this nor that," referring to Bukharan Jews who were coerced into converting to Islam from the late eighteenth century onwards. In response, these Chala Jews outwardly practiced Islam, but secretly retained their Jewish traditions. These crypto-Jews married among themselves and lived in their own separate neighborhoods that bordered on existing Jewish neighborhoods. The Chala Jews carry a very similar story to the Dönmeh and to the Marranos of Spain.
Chala Jews were unable to return to their true Jewish faith due to the fatal consequences associated with leaving the Islamic faith. The Islamic rulership during this period imposed a death penalty against those renouncing their Islamic faith. Therefore, it was not until the emergence of Imperial Russia, and Soviet rule that Chala Jews were able to revert to their original faith.
By the 19th century, Chala communities had emerged in the cities of: Samarkand, Khiva, Kokand, Margilan, and Shahrisabz. Often, it was not until two to three generations that Chala Jews would begin to intermarry with the local Muslim population and shed any remaining Jewish traditions.
The return of the Chala to Judaism began with the Russian conquest of Central Asia in 1867. While the Khiva and Kokand khanates were incorporated into the Turkestan governorate, the Bukhara Khanate remained autonomous and continued to enforce the death penalty against those who abandoned Islam. As a result, many Chala Jews illegally immigrated into Russian-controlled areas, to escape the certain threat of death. Although Russian law required that these newcomers be deported back to Bukhara and face an imminent death, the deportation orders were continuously delayed, and thus many had remained as permanent non-citizens of the Russian Turkestan region. Some Chala Jews also joined merchant guilds in order to prove their economic use to the empire. Because Muslim law was retained in Bukhara for a longer period than in surrounding cities, by the time communist Soviet rule arrived in Bukhara, many members of the local Chala no longer self-identified as Jewish, having by then become fully assimilated into the Muslim population.
Following the installation of Soviet rule in 1920, the religious distinction among the population was no longer officially recognized. Nevertheless, ethnic distinctions on passports enabled many Chala Jews to continue being counted as ethnic Uzbeks and Tajiks, rather than Jews.
In 2000, author Mansur Surosh published a novel Chala ("The Outcasts"), which describes the experiences of the Chala.
# Peter Kováčik

Peter Kováčik (born 1 December 2001) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a right midfielder or right-back for Slovak First Football League club Železiarne Podbrezová, on loan from Como.

## Club career
### Železiarne Podbrezová

Kováčik made his professional debut for Železiarne Podbrezová against Slovan Bratislava on 16 July 2022.

### Como

In June 2024, his transfer to Serie A side Como 1907 was announced.

#### Loan to Jagiellonia Białystok

On 4 September 2024, his loan to Jagiellonia Białystok on a one-year deal was announced. After being assigned squad number 22, he made his debut in a 3–2 victory over Lechia Gdańsk on 21 September 2024. On 4 February 2025, his loan was terminated.

#### Loan to Železiarne

On 6 February 2025, Kováčik returned to Železiarne Podbrezová for the remainder of the season.
# Elk Creek (Gasconade River tributary)

Elk Creek is a stream in central to northeast Wright County, Missouri. It is a tributary of the Gasconade River.
The stream headwaters arise some eight miles north-northwest of Hartville between the communities of Loring and Durbin. The stream flows to the north and northeast passing under routes H and Z to its confluence with the Gasconade in northern Wright County about 1.5 miles southeast of Competition in southern Laclede County.
Elk Creek was because of elk in the area.
# Yannick Rathgeb

Yannick Rathgeb (born October 24, 1995) is a Swiss professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing with HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League (NL). He previously played with EHC Biel in the NL and with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League (AHL).

## Playing career
### Junior

Rathgeb started playing hockey in his hometown of Langenthal, Switzerland before joining the SCL Tigers to play with their U20 team in the Elite Junior A league. He spent the majority of the 2011-12 season with the U17 team, playing only 8 games (3 points) with the U20. He became a regular with the U20 team the next year in 2012-13, appearing in 35 regular season games and putting up 31 points, including 15 goals. He added 3 assists in 4 post-season contests.
Rathgeb joined the Plymouth Whalers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) for the 2013-14 season as the #113 overall pick in the 2013 CHL Import Draft. He played a second season with the Whalers in 2014-15 and appeared in 91 regular season games (37 points) and 1 playoffs game over 2 seasons. During the 2014 OHL playoffs, Rathgeb was suspended 10 games for hitting Guelph Storm forward Robby Fabbri from behind.

### Professional
#### HC Fribourg-Gottéron

On March 19, 2015, at the conclusion of his junior career, he returned to Switzerland and joined HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League (NL). He made his NL debut during the 2015-16 season, playing a full season of 50 games and racking up an impressive 27 points. At the conclusion of the season, Rathgeb received the NL best rookie award. In his second season with Fribourg, Rathgeb agreed to a two-year contract extension with an NHL-out clause on December 12, 2016.
He went on to play a total of 133 regular season games (89 points) with Fribourg over 3 seasons.

#### New York Islanders

On April 6, 2018, Rathgeb agreed to a two-year entry-level contract with the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). Rathgeb was assigned to the Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League (AHL) to begin the 2018-19 season. He was limited to 32 regular season games in his first year with the Islanders organization and he was released at the end of the season.

#### EHC Biel

On May 20, 2019, Rathgeb joined EHC Biel of the NL on a three-year deal. He finished the 2019-20 season, his first in Biel, as the team's third point scorer and first among defensemen with 32 points (10 goals) in 49 regular season games.

## International play

Rathgeb served as captain of Switzerland's national junior team at the 2015 World Junior Championships.
Rathgeb made his debut with Switzerland men's national team in February 2016.

## Personal life

Rathgeb was born in Langenthal, Switzerland and played most of his junior hockey with SC Langenthal's various junior teams before moving to North America in 2013.
# NER Class C

The NER Class C was a class of 171 two-cylinder steam locomotives of the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement built between 1886 and 1894 for the North Eastern Railway. These engines were designed to fill NER's need for goods engines; however, issues with reliability and fuel consumption led to all 171 being rebuilt to the simpler Class C1 type between 1901 and 1913.
# Khanpur, Sindh

Khanpur (Urdu: خانپور) is a small city and the Tehsil/Taluka of District Shikarpur, Larkana Division in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. This town has a population of 52,946 per the 2017 Census of Pakistan.
It is located on Indus Highway (Road N55) about distance 9 kilometers away from Shikarpur toward Kandhkot. This city is popular due to its agricultural crops especially vegetables, rice, wheat etc. Furthermore, this tehsil has kaccha (desert area) land with Indus River, oil and gas fields, PARCO pumping station, rice and flour mills. Shikarpur District is surrounded by, on the north and east, by Jacobabad District and Sukkur District in the south.
# Elk Creek (West Branch Delaware River tributary)

Elk Creek flows into the West Branch Delaware River by East Delhi, New York.
# Giulio Oberhammer

Giulio Oberhammer (b. 14 December 1935 - d. 24 May 2009) is an Italian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournaments at the 1956 Winter Olympics and the 1964 Winter Olympics.
# Naian Gonzalez Norvind

Naian González Norvind (born February 7, 1992) is a Mexican actress, and writer. She is the daughter of the Mexican actress Nailea Norvind.

## Early life

Norvind was born to Fernando Gonzalez Parra and actress Nailea Norvind. She is the granddaughter of Norwegian-Mexican actress Eva Norvind, and through her she is of Finnish and Russian descent.
Norvind is the younger half-sister of actress Camila Sodi and the older sister of actress Tessa Ía.

## Career

She has performed on stage and acted in Mexican TV series and films. In her interview to Mexican newspaper Milenio, she said that she was not afraid of shooting at Tepito (crime rate) for the Mexican show Crónica de castas.
She is cast as Mad Hatter's sister Alice Tetch, in season 3 of Gotham.
She is cast as Christie Watkins in "Backstabbers" the 6th episode of the 6th season of the CBS police procedural drama Blue Bloods on October 23, 2015. She reprised the role in "Erasing History" the 13th episode of the 8th season of the series on Friday, January 19, 2018. In 2018 she starred as the protagonist of Leona, a drama centered on Mexico City's Syrian Jewish community. In 2020 she appeared as tragic protagonist in Michel Franco's dramatic film New Order. In 2023 she played the role of Dr. Maya Castillo, a cognitive scientist, in the 2nd season of the Invasion TV series on Apple TV+.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Lluvia de Luna | Lisa | Credited as Naián González |
| 2011 | Sand | | Short film |
| 2012 | Everybody's Got Somebody... Not Me | María | Credited as Naian Daeva |
| 2012 | Los Salgado | The daughter | Short film |
| 2012 | Entre la ficción y yo | | Short film |
| 2016 | Sr. Pig | Mormon Susan | |
| 2016 | Deshojando Margaritas | Iris | Credited as Naian Daeva |
| 2016 | Sangre alba | | Short film |
| 2017 | Rebel in the Rye | Queens Girl | |
| 2017 | Las siete muertes | Nuria | |
| 2018 | Leona | Ariela | Also writer and producer |
| 2019 | South Mountain | Dara | |
| 2019 | The Working Title Is Zorro | Laura | Short film |
| 2019 | Cubby | Briahna | |
| 2019 | Chemistry of Mood | Cara | Short film |
| 2020 | Contar el amor | | |
| 2020 | New Order | Marianne / bride | |
| 2020 | Tapabocas | Hermana | Short film |
| 2020 | Aztech | Girl | Segment: "Atl" |
| 2021 | Esther in Wonderland | Esther | Short film |
| 2022 | Sex, Shame and Tears 2 | Matilde / Carlos and Ana's daughter | |
| TBA | Good Savage | Maggie | Completed |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | Pacientes | Corina | Recurring role, 26 episodes |
| 2014 | Crónica de castas [es] | Lucía | Recurring role, 7 episodes |
| 2015 | The Devil You Know | Abigail Parris | Episode: "Pilot" |
| 2016 | Gotham | Alice Tetch | First time credited as Naian Gonzalez Norvind, 3 episodes |
| 2015–2018 | Blue Bloods | Chrissie Watskins | 2 episodes |
| 2019 | Chicago Med | Lisa Bell | Episode: "The Space Between Us" |
| 2022 | Amsterdam | Nadia | Main role |
| 2022 | Pena Ajena | Emma | 2 episodes |
| 2023 | Invasion | Maya Castillo | Recurring role, 10 episodes |
# NER Class R

The NER Class R (later, LNER Class D20) was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotive, designed by Wilson Worsdell for the North Eastern Railway. They passed to the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) in 1923. In 1936, some were rebuilt with long-travel piston valves and classified D20/2. The unrebuilt locomotives were re-classified D20/1.

## Numbering

Forty-six D20/1 and three D20/2 locomotives passed to British Railways in 1948 and they were numbered 62340-62397 (with gaps).

## Preservation

The last D20 was withdrawn in 1957 and none were preserved.
# Beatrix Lucia Catherine Tollemache

Beatrix Lucia Catherine Tollemache (née Egerton, c. 1840 – 24 December 1926) was a British writer, translator and poet. She was the daughter of William Egerton, 1st Baron Egerton of Tatton and Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Loftus.

## Family

She was born in 1840 in Cheshire, and was the fourth and youngest daughter of William Egerton, 1st Baron Egerton of Tatton and Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Loftus, daughter of John Loftus, 2nd Marquess of Ely. She had seven siblings.
On 25 January 1870, she married the Hon. Lionel Arthur Tollemache, son of John Tollemache, 1st Baron Tollemache and Georgiana Louisa Best. They spent much of their married life enjoying long stays in luxury hotels in Europe, such as the Hôtel d'Angleterre in Biarritz, France, and the Hôtel Sonnenberg, Engelberg, Switzerland.

## Career

Tollemache developed a career as a writer, with her poems regularly published in The Spectator. She also contributed to the first Oxford English Dictionary and corresponded with Sir Francis Galton.
In 1890, she published Engelberg, and Other Verses. In 1891, she published a translation of Jonquille, or the Swiss Smuggler from French, and co-wrote Safe Studies alongside her husband.
She taught herself Russian when she was in her seventies, with her obituary in recording that "the bent of her exceptional mind was shown by her mastery of the difficult Russian language, which she acquired when she was already a septuagenarian." In 1913, she published a translation of Russian Sketches, Chiefly of Peasant Life.

## Death

Tollemache died in 1926 in Haslemere, Surrey.
# Alfred Schindler (industrialist)

Alfred E. Schindler (1894 – January 2, 1987) was an American industrialist who served as the acting secretary of commerce under President Truman.

## Career

Schindler served as the head salesman for the Ralston Purina Company of St. Louis, Missouri before retiring in 1941. He became chief of the consultant division of the Defense Plant Corporation where he headed a staff of business men and industrialists, arranging for the building of thousands of war plants between January 1942 and May 1943. He also served as a member of the National Civilian Defense Committee and helped to organize civilian defense in the midwest.
In April 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Schindler to replace Wayne Chatfield-Taylor as the under secretary of commerce. Schindler, a Republican, was an old friend of Roosevelt's commerce secretary Henry A. Wallace (Roosevelt's vice president of the United States from 1941 to 1945 before Truman) and was serving as the executive director of the for the Committee for Economic Development in the St. Louis area. He had also served as a special assistant to Jesse H. Jones, the former secretary of commerce and Federal Loan Administrator. In September 1946, President Truman fired Wallace for delivering a speech urging conciliatory policies towards the Soviet Union, and asked his "personal friend" Schindler to serve as acting secretary, although Schindler had been planning to retire from the government service and enter business on the West Coast. Schindler felt that "the Department of Commerce should be the business man's home in Government."
Although considered the most likely successor to Wallace as commerce secretary, Truman appointed W. Averell Harriman as appointed as secretary of the treasury. After Harriman took office, he persuaded Schindler to stay in his role for a few months before returning to private industry. Truman appointed New York businessman William Chapman Foster as Schindler's successor as under secretary, and Schindler returned to St. Louis.
In 1947, he was elected president of the National Federation of Sales Executives and in 1948, he was elected to their board of directors. Schindler gave talks stressing public service and free enterprise. In 1961, he donated his papers to the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum.

## Personal life

Schindler died of infirmities at his home in St. Louis on January 2, 1987, and his funeral was held at Unity Christ Church in Clayton, Missouri. He was survived by his wife Katherine Schindler.
# Golgi's method

Golgi's method is a silver staining technique that is used to visualize nervous tissue under light microscopy. The method was discovered by Camillo Golgi, an Italian physician and scientist, who published the first picture made with the technique in 1873. It was initially named the black reaction (la reazione nera) by Golgi, but it became better known as the Golgi stain or later, Golgi method.
Golgi staining was used by Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) to discover a number of novel facts about the organization of the nervous system, inspiring the birth of the neuron doctrine. Ultimately, Ramón y Cajal improved the technique by using a method he termed "double impregnation". Ramón y Cajal's staining technique, still in use, is called Cajal's stain.

## Mechanism

The cells in nervous tissue are densely packed, and little information on their structures and interconnections can be obtained if all the cells are stained. Furthermore, the thin filamentary extensions of neural cells, including the axon and the dendrites of neurons, are too slender and transparent to be seen with normal staining techniques. Golgi's method stains a limited number of cells at random in their entirety. The mechanism by which this happens is still largely unknown. Dendrites, as well as the cell soma, are clearly stained in brown and black and can be followed in their entire length, which allowed neuroanatomists to track connections between neurons and to make visible the complex networking structure of many parts of the brain and spinal cord.
Golgi's staining is achieved by impregnating aldehyde-fixed nervous tissue with potassium dichromate and silver nitrate. Cells thus stained are filled by microcrystallization of silver chromate.

## Technique

According to SynapseWeb, this is the recipe for Golgi's staining technique:
* Immerse a block (approx. 10x5 mm) of formaldehyde-fixed (or paraformaldehyde- glutaraldehyde-perfused) brain tissue into a 2% aqueous solution of potassium dichromate for 2 days
* Dry the block shortly with filter paper.
* Immerse the block into a 2% aqueous solution of silver nitrate for another 2 days.
* Cut sections approx. 20–100 μm thick.
* Dehydrate quickly in ethanol, clear and mount (e.g., into Depex or Enthalan).
This technique has since been refined to substitute the silver precipitate with gold by immersing the sample in gold chloride then oxalic acid, followed by removal of the silver by sodium thiosulphate. This preserves a greater degree of fine structure with the ultrastructural details marked by small particles of gold.

## Quote

Ramón y Cajal said of the Golgi method:
    I expressed the surprise which I experienced upon seeing with my own eyes the wonderful revelatory powers of the chrome-silver reaction and the absence of any excitement in the scientific world aroused by its discovery.
    Recuerdos de mi vida, Vol. 2, Historia de mi labor científica. Madrid: Moya, 1917, p. 76.