OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jean Perrot

Jean Perrot (10 June 1920 – 24 December 2012) was a French archaeologist who specialised in the late prehistory of the Middle East and Near East.

## Biography

Perrot was a graduate of the Ecole du Louvre where he studied under two experts in Syrian archaeology; André Parrot and René Dussaud. He went on to study at the École biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem in 1945. He researched a number of ancient sites in Iran, Israel and Turkey, animating the research at international level. He first went to Iran in 1968, a year after the retirement of Roman Ghirshman, to head the Delegation Archéologique Français (DAFI) and excavations of the country's ancient sites. He headed a multidisciplinary team in conjunction with the Iranian Centre of Archaeological Research, including experts from France, Iran and the United States who continued studies until the revolution in 1979. He worked on sites such as Susa and Jafar Abad and took measures to safeguard the vestiges of the Achaemenid period (between the sixth and fourth century BC). His notable discoveries included ancient items such as the headless statue of Darius which is now housed in the National Museum of Iran in Tehran.
In Israel Perrot excavated at Munhata, Ain Mallaha and the Chalcolithic sites at Abu Matar and Bir es-Safadi near Beersheba, belonging to the so-called Beer Sheva culture.
In 1952, Perrot founded the "Mission archéologique française", now called the French Research Center in Jerusalem; a joint research unit of the General Directorate for International Cooperation and Development and the CNRS. It is the CNRS's oldest foreign branch and became a permanent archaeological base in 1974. The current director since 1996 is Dominique Bourel.
In 1973, Perrot founded the notable journal Paléorient with Bernard Vandermeersch along with the aid of the Wenner-Gren Foundation. In 1975, this became a publication of the CNRS. The journal is now published twice a year and distributed in twenty-two countries, it is recognized for presentations and discussions of research in all aspects of the prehistory and protohistory of the near and middle east.
Perrot returned to France to become director of the CNRS, which he joined in 1946 and for which he was an honorary research director and correspondent.

## Selected bibliography

* Perrot, Jean., Et ils sortirent du paradis ... , carnets d'un archéologue en Orient, 1945–1995, Editions de Fallois, 334 pages, 1997.
* Perrot, Jean., Le palais de Darius à Suse: une résidence royale sur la route de Persépolis à Babylone, Presses de l'université Paris-Sorbonne, 520 pages, 2010.
* Perrot, J. and Y. Madjidzadeh, 2003 Découvertes récentes á Jiroft (sud du plateau Iranien), CRAIBL, pp. 1087–1102.
* Perrot, Jean, Darius le Grand - Roi de Perse - Roi de Babylone – Rois des Rois – Pharaon d’Egypte (522-486 av. J.-C.), Dossiers d’Archéologie, hors série n° 23, janvier 2013, 78 pages.
# Burimari–Lalmonirhat–Parbatipur line

The Burimari–Lalmonirhat–Parbatipur line is a 163.4 kilometres (101.5 mi) long railway line connecting Burimari and Parbatipur Junction in northern Bangladesh. It also connects to Kurigram and Ramna Bazar. This track is under the jurisdiction of Bangladesh Railway.

## History

Once Parbatipur came up as a railway station on the Chilahati-Parbatipur-Santahar-Darshana Line in 1876, it became a centre of further railway development. There were two developments, one eastward and the other westward. North Bengal State Railway opened a metre gauge line to Kaunia in 1879. Two narrow gauge lines were laid by Eastern Bengal Railway from Kaunia to Dharla River, thereby creating the Kaunia–Dharlla State Railway. The Kaunia Dharla railway lines were converted to metre gauge in 1901. The Kaunia–Dharla line was extended to Amingaon in 1908. The Assam Behar State Railway started building westward in 1884 and by 1889, Parbatipur was connected with Katihar in Bihar.
By the turn of the century Lalmonirhat Junction had emerged as an important railway centre. Bengal Dooars Railway constructed a line to Malbazar. Cooch Behar State Railway constructed the Geetaldaha-Jayanti narrow gauge line. Links were established with Assam, with the Golokganj–Amingaon line coming up.

## Assam links

There were two Assam links through this area, before the Partition of India.
The first and more important one was through Mogalhat–Geetaldaha–Coochbehar–Golokganj. Even when railway links were restored between Pakistan and India in 1955, the line was in order and was one of the agreed transit points. The railway bridge across the Dharla River was subsequently partially washed out and the railway link was snapped.
The second link through Geetaldaha-Bamanhat-Golokganj was snapped earlier with a bridge being washed away within what is now Bangladesh. In 1955, the link was not there.

## Defunct rail transit point

The Burimari–Changrabandha rail transit point has become functional. The Indian side of the line is now made BG and is operational between New Mal Junction to Changrabandha. New line has been made to connect New Cooch Behar from Changrabandha.
But the other side was Dual gauge line is fully constructed to Lalmonirhat in 2012. Now there running 8 trains daily to different City. Total nine station of this section are remodeled. Bangladesh now making the whole section DG to revive this route. A bridge in River Dharla is being constructed for this.
# Latvia at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships

Latvia competed at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships in Doha, Qatar from 2 to 18 February.

## Competitors

The following is the list of competitors in the Championships.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Diving | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Swimming | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Total | 3 | 2 | 5 |

## Diving
### Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Džeja Patrika | 10 m platform | 257.30 | 21 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Swimming

Latvia entered 4 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Daniils Bobrovs | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:03.85 | 49 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Daniils Bobrovs | 200 metre breaststroke | 2:15.25 | 21 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ģirts Feldbergs | 50 metre backstroke | 26.08 | 27 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Ģirts Feldbergs | 100 metre backstroke | 56.02 | 31 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Reds Rullis | 100 metre freestyle | 51.72 | 53 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Reds Rullis | 200 metre freestyle | 1:52.42 | 40 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Gabriela Ņikitina | 50 metre freestyle | 26.85 | 50 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Gabriela Ņikitina | 50 metre butterfly | 27.87 | 34 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Laksam–Chandpur line

Laksam–Chandpur line is a meter-gauge railway in Bangladesh operated by Bangladesh Railway. It extends from Laksam Junction Railway Station in Comilla District to Chandpur Railway Station in Chandpur District. It is maintained and operated by Bangladesh Eastern Railway.

## Inauguration

The Assam Bengal Railway Company, formed in England in 1892, took charge of the construction of railways in the country. Under this company, 150 km railway line from Chittagong to Comilla and 69 km meter-gauge railway line from Laksam to Chandpur were inaugurated on 1 July 1895.

## List of stations

From east to west:
* Laksham Junction railway station
* Chitoshi Road railway station
* Shahrasti railway station
* Meher railway station
* Waruk railway station
* Haziganj railway station
* Balakhal railway station
* Madhuroad railway station
* Shahtali railway station
* Maishadi Halt railway station
* Chandpur Court railway station
* Chandpur railway station

## Rail service

The following passenger trains run on the Laksam-Chandpur railway line:
* Chandpur Commuter
* Meghna Express
* Sagarika Express

## Importance of double-line

Chandpur-1 member of parliament and former Home Minister Mohiuddin Khan Alamgir said the Chandpur-Laksam railway double line needs to be built to boost trade and commerce. This will further expand trade and commerce with the region and with India and restore the glory of business in Chandpur.
# Hematochrome

Hematochrome is a yellow, orange, or (most commonly) red biological pigment present in some green algae, especially when exposed to intense light. It is a name used mainly in older literature. Hematochrome is a mixture of carotenoid pigments and their derivates.
# Shah Wali Khan

Shah Wali Khan may refer to:
* Sardar Shah Wali Khan (1888–1977), a political and military figure of Afghanistan
* Shawali Khan (born around 1963), a former Guantanamo detainee from Afghanistan
# Ballynagarrick

Ballynagarrick (from Irish Baile na gCarraig 'townland of the rocks') is a townland situated outside Craigavon, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. The literal translation of the name means town (land) of the rocks, and indeed in bygone days two quarries were situated on the small townland.
2. Ballynagarrick (Baile na gCarraig) is a small townland in the area of Kilclief (Irish: Cill Cleithe - "Church of the Wattles"), a parish in the area of Lecale, County Armagh. Ballynagarrick is bordered by the townlands of Ballynarry, Ballywooden and Ballyorgan. It largely consists of two major laneways, once part of a larger circuit of laneways across the area which linked into the former British Army barracks at Bishopscourt. Many of these laneways are now abandoned.

## 54°24′10″N 6°22′24″W﻿ / ﻿54.40278°N 6.37333°W﻿ / 54.40278; -6.37333References

* ↑ "Ballynagarrick Townland, Co. Down". www.townlands.ie. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
* ↑ "Griffith's Valuation". www.askaboutireland.ie. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
* ↑ "Place Names NI - Home". www.placenamesni.org. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
* This article related to the geography of County Armagh, Northern Ireland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Fakel (company)

Fakel (Russian: факел, lit. 'Torch') is a private military company which is currently deployed by Russia in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## History

Fakel was founded in 2023 by the Russian state-run gas monopoly Gazprom subsidiary Gazprom Neft, as a more loyal alternative for the Wagner Group, which at the time had just begun clashing with Russian high command on issues of supplies and tactics. The group was founded alongside two other Gazprom PMCs, Plamya and Potok. Fakel and Plamya reportedly are directly subordinate to the Russian Ministry of Defence, while Potok joined Redut PMC, a PMC which is also controlled by the Russian MoD.
Fakel, and the other Gazprom run companies, have their recruiting base as Gazprom employees, promising them that while they are away on tour in Ukraine, that their positions at work would be guaranteed for their return. A large contingent of the fighters are from Gazprom's security guards. Fakel is also the name of a bi-annual Gazprom corporate talent competition, a big festival in which teams of musical performers of all ages compete for prizes, with the logo for the competition being very similar to the logo used by the PMC. Fakel is also the name of the company's semi-professional table tennis team. Although the company has no official political affiliation, several of its members support the Pravaya Rossiya far-right party led by Georg Borovikov seeking the restoration of the Russian Empire, which has stated that they are one of Fakel's patrons. Additional, several members of the company on Telegram stated they were fighting to restore the Empire.
Yevgeny Prigozhin was critical of Fakel, seeing the organization as competition for his Wagner group. Prigozhin claims that Fakel saw combat in the Battle of Bakhmut, where they were tasked with covering Wagner's flanks, and failed to do so resulting in a successful Ukrainian flanking maneuver that resulted in a large amount of Wagner casualties. Prigozhin claimed the unit had poor training and supplies, and a lack of any "tactical-level commanders." The unit has also seen combat in the Battle of Soledar.
# Neve Michael

Neve Michael (Hebrew: נְוֵה מִיכָאֵל, lit. 'Michael's Haven') also known as Roglit, is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Adullam region and built upon an eminence in the far south-east end of the Elah Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 883.

## History

The village was established on 29 July 1958 (12 Av 5718 anno mundi) by Kurdish immigrants from Iran on farm land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of Bayt Nattif. The place had formerly been known as Khirbet Jurfah. Archaeological finds range from the early Hellenistic period to the Umayyad period with evidence of a Jewish settlement in the first century CE.
The newly restructured Jewish National Fund (JNF), working in concert with the Hitahdut HaIkarim agricultural organisation, settled new immigrants on the site in 1958, giving to the place the name Roglit (Hebrew: רוֹגְלִית), meaning "tiller [of the grapevine]". The new immigrants were initially employed as laborers for JNF land reclamation. Afterwards, the village economy was based on agriculture (citrus fruit) and poultry, which phased out in the late 1980s. A newer regional community center built alongside it was given the name Neve Michael, in memory of American philanthropist, Michael M. Weiss, who was a donor to the JNF.
The newer section had a regional elementary school which catered to children from the surrounding communities of Roglit, Aderet and Aviezer, but closed its doors in the early 1980s. Today, the grounds of the old school serve as a home for the mentally and physically disabled. When the new settlement of Neve Michael failed to attract new residents, the settlement of Neve Michael was merged with Roglit in 1983.
A new Israel Border Police outpost was also built in Neve Michael, which was later abandoned in 1962. The founders were joined by immigrants from North Africa, mainly Morocco. In 2005 the village started an expansion plan attracting many younger families to the moshav. The moshav has a mixed population with people of different ages, ethnic background and Jewish religious observance.
Near the moshav are the ruins of Adullam and Hurvat Itri. To the south-east of the moshav, within walking distance, lies the community settlement of Giv'ot Eden.

## Gallery

* Vineyard at Neve Michael
* View of Valley from the Moshav
* Sunrise over the Elah Valley
* Houses in Neve Michael
* Terebinth tree (Pistacia atlantica) in the Elah valley, on south side of Neve Michael
* Beneath the shady boughs of a terebinth
* Terebinth (Pistacia atlantica) growing in the Elah Valley
* Wheat fields in the Valley of Elah
* Almond tree with blossoming flowers
* The ruined structure of an ancient house, in Kh. Jubeil Naqqar, near Neve Michael
* The Community Center in Moshav Neve Michael
* Neve Michael looking out over Wadi Sur
* Moshav as seen from eastern mountain
* Wheat fields in valley
* Dominican sage (Salvia dominica) and Neve Michael in background
# Lojsta Castle

Lojsta Castle (Lojsta slott) in Stånga socken on the border of Lojsta, Gotland, Sweden, is, despite its name, not a "castle" in the normal sense, i.e. it is not a palacelike manor. It is the ruins of a once fortified estate, consisting of houses surrounded by a wall and a moat.
In the Middle Ages, Lojsta Castle was a defence-structure, placed on an island in one of the small Lojsta Lakes in the middle of Gotland. The fortress is believed to have been used by the Vitalians who supported the captured Swedish king at the time, Albert of Mecklenburg. The Vitalians were pirates and they used Gotland as their base. In 1404, they were defeated by the Teutonic Knights and forced to relinquish Lojsta Castle and the other two strongholds they had on Gotland.
Today there is not much remaining of the stronghold. In the beginning of the 20th century, archaeologists surveyed the area but the theories they proposed are questioned today, for example, observations about three house foundations in the fortress. The buildings were most likely made out of wood, about 20 to 30 by 10 m (66 to 98 by 33 ft), and today there are no traces of them above ground.
The fortress was surrounded by a dug moat, 100 m (330 ft) long, 3 to 10 m (9.8 to 32.8 ft) wide and up to 1.7 m (5.6 ft) high, that together with an embankment and a palisade separated the fortress' inner courtyard from the outer. Today, the lake's surface level is estimated at 2.5 m (8.2 ft) lower than it was during the Middle Ages and it is divided into three smaller lakes. The remains of the fortress is situated between the Slottsträsk and the Broträsk lakes. When the fortress was in use, it had a drawbridge to the mainland, of which you can still see remains. Nowadays the ruins of the fortress can be reached by land.

## Lojsta Hall

About 150 m (490 ft) northeast of the Lojsta Castle, is the Lojsta Hall, a reconstructed Iron Age building. It is built on the remaining foundation of an 30 by 16 m (98 by 52 ft) Iron Age house. The site was excavated in 1929 by John Nihlén. The archeological finds were few and not very remarkable, but they suggests that the house had been inhabited during the Migration Period. Inside the remains of the foundation, parts of two log boats were found.
In 1932, a reconstruction of the building was erected, showing how the building might have looked during the Iron Age. The people and their animals probably lived together in the hall. The inhabitants raised livestock, but trade was also an important part of their livelihood. The roof of the hall is covered with saw-sedge, a common plant on the Gotlandic mires.
# Jacir Palace

Jacir Palace or Qasr Jacir (Arabic: قصر جاسر) is the largest hotel in Bethlehem in the central West Bank, Palestine. The building's original design was based on typical Palestinian architecture and the characteristics of an Arab household. Jacir Palace has three floors, each spanning 800 sq m. The newly built hotel added an outdoor swimming pool, a health spa, two meeting rooms, 250 available rooms and 11 food and beverage outlets including restaurants and bars.
Jacir Palace was built in 1910 by local craftsmen on commission of the former mayor of Bethlehem, also a merchant, Suleiman Jacir (great-grandfather of Nasri Jacir, Emily and Annemarie Jacir), who intended that he and his five brothers’ families would live in the mansion together. So they did for a time, however, the family went bankrupt in the 1920s and were forced to sell the palace and its furniture. Jacir Palace was eventually taken over by the British who used it as a women's prison in the 1940s. In the 1950s it was a private school called al-Ummah, later the house became a public boys school and at a still later stage was transformed into a public girls school. The house was also used by the Israel Defence Forces, particularly during the First Intifada, as a point of control considering its advantageous location and continued to be a major point of confrontation between local stone-throwing youths and the IDF.
In 2000, a group of Palestinian investors belonging to PEDCAR — which is linked to the Palestinian National Authority — acquired Jacir Palace; they refurbished and renovated it soon after. Munib il Masri, father of filmmaker Mai Masri, now owns the Palace. However, the hotel was closed down from 2000 to 2005. It closed again in 2021 because of the COVID-19 epidemic, and remains shut in January 2023.
# Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation, Khartoum

The Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation is a historic religious building in Khartoum, Sudan. The church is part of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. The church is one of the last surviving in the city.

## History

The church was founded by Sudanese Greeks. The church stands in an area of the city with an adjoining school and community buildings, near where the Greek embassy once stood.
During the Battle of Khartoum in April 2023, the church was used as shelter for civilians and Greek citizens.

## Gallery

* Church interior
* Church interior
* Church sign
* Church entrance
* Memorial plaque
* Church exterior
* View of Khartoum with the Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation in the background on the far right, c. 1907
# Davide Bassi

Davide Bassi (born 12 April 1985) is an Italian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

Born in Sarzana, Liguria, Bassi was a product of Empoli's youth system, joining the team in 2002, but started his professional career at Tuscan club Massese in 2003. In 2005, he returned to Empoli in a co-ownership deal. Bassi formally returned to Empoli on 1 July 2006. He became the team's first choice goalkeeper, ahead Daniele Balli, during the second half of the 2007–08 Serie A season. After the team were relegated, he remained as the first choice keeper. During the 2010–11 Serie B season, he left for Torino, to replace the recently departed Matteo Sereni. Empoli signed Jasmin Handanović to replace Bassi.
In July 2011, he left on loan for as Sassuolo, but served as an understudy to Alberto Pomini.
In July 2013, Bassi changed his shirt number to no.28. He was the team's first choice goalkeeper during the 2013–14 Serie B season. However, the next year, he was a backup to Luigi Sepe during the 2014–15 Serie A season.

### Atalanta

On 27 June 2015, Bassi signed a 2-year contract with Serie A club Atalanta B.C. on a free transfer.
In January 2017, Bassi was released.

### Parma

On 1 March 2017, Bassi was signed by Lega Pro club Parma on a free transfer, as an emergency signing to replace injured Pierluigi Frattali. However, on 3 April he was released again, due to the recovery of Frattali, as well as Parma ran out of quota to keep in their 25-men squad list. Bassi was the starting keeper for the Emilian club in March, with 1 win, 2 draws and 1 loss, conceding 4 goals. The match played on 2 April, Bassi was the backup of Frattali.

### Spezia

Bassi joined Spezia on 10 July 2017.

## International career

Bassi was never capped for Italy at international level until the 2008 Toulon Tournament. The coach rested the regular starters of the under-21 team, and instead picked Bassi and Enrico Alfonso. They both shared the first choice goalkeeping role, as Italy went on to win the tournament. However, despite his success, Bassi did not go on to represent the under-23 side at the Beijing Olympics that summer.

## Honours

Individual
* Toulon Tournament Best Goalkeeper: 2008