OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Parseval-Sigsfeld kite balloon

The Parseval-Sigsfeld kite balloon (German: Parseval-Sigsfeld Drachenballon) was a type of non-rigid military observation balloon, designed in 1898 by August von Parseval and Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld [de]. Its aerodynamic shape and the rear air capsule ensured a stable position owing to the force of the wind, similar to the way in which kites are stabilized; for this reason it was known as the kite balloon (German: Drachenballon).
This aircraft was widely used as the main observation balloon type by the Central Powers during World War I.

## Design

German airship factory owner, August von Parseval, and German military officer, Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld, had been experimenting with different balloon shapes since 1893, previously using spherical shapes that had proved to be unstable in windy weather. Around 1898 they constructed a balloon with an elongated shape, equipped with stabilizers, which were later replaced by suitably shaped air chambers. Under the pressure of the wind (the permissible speed for the balloon was 10 m/s) it would settle into a stable position, with the canopy raised about 30‍–‍40° in the direction of the wind.
A two-person observation balloon had a tether with a volume of 760 m$^3$. The envelope had a diameter of 6.68 metres and a cylindrical shape with semi-circular ends. In the rear part of the envelope was a stabilizer with a characteristic phallic shape, which was filled with air under wind pressure. Volume compensation was regulated by a ballonet.

## Operational history

The positive flight characteristics of the Parseval-Sigsfeld kite balloon led the high command of the Imperial German Army to apply this balloon design for military service, as implemented by the Austro-Hungarian Army. The type was produced and used in large quantities during World War I, not only by the German and Austro-Hungarian troops but also by the French, who undertook its minor production based on captured examples under the designation Ballon Captif type G and the modernized type H.
Two balloons of this type were taken over by the Poles in January 1919 in the airship hall at Winogrady in Poznań. One of them was used for the first balloon ascent in independent Poland, which took place on 23 July 1919. As an outdated equipment, it was then used for training observers at the Officers' Aeronautical School. In 1920, the balloons were replaced by Caquot type R balloons imported from France.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Length: 27.54 m (90 ft 4 in)
* Diameter: 6 m (19 ft 8 in)
* Volume: 760 m$^3$ (27,000 cu ft)
Performance Armament None

## Gallery

* Austro-Hungarian Parseval-Sigsfeld during take-off preparations
* Parseval-Sigsfeld balloon of the Swiss Army
* A Romanian Parseval-Sigsfeld in 1917
* British balloon-mother ship HMS Manica launching a Parseval-Sigsfeld balloon off the coast of German East Africa to locate German battery positions (c. 1917)
# André Hodeir

André Hodeir (22 January 1921 – 1 November 2011) was a French violinist, composer, arranger and musicologist.

## Biography

Hodeir was born in Paris and trained as a classical violinist and composer. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he was taught by Olivier Messiaen and won first prizes in fugue, harmony, and music history. While pursuing these studies he discovered jazz and various music forms besides jazz and classical. He recorded on violin under the pseudonym "Claude Laurence". As a critic, he expressed disgust with nearly all early jazz (Jazz: Its Evolution and Essence; 1957).
In 1954 he was a founder and director of Jazz Groupe de Paris, which included Bobby Jaspar, Pierre Michelot and Nat Peck. In 1957, at the invitation of Ozzie Cadena of Savoy Records, he recorded an album of his compositions with Donald Byrd, Idrees Sulieman, Frank Rehak, Hal McKusick, Eddie Costa, George Duvivier, and Annie Ross.
In addition to two books of Essais (1954 and 1956), he wrote film scores, including Le Palais Idéal by Ado Kyrou for the film Chutes de pierres, danger de mort by Michel Fano, and Brigitte Bardot's Une Parisienne. He founded an orchestra during the 1960s and composed a work based on the Anna Livia Plurabelle story from the novel Finnegans Wake by James Joyce.
He died in Versailles.

## Discography

* Jazz et Jazz (Philips, 1963)
* American Jazzmen Play Andre Hodeir's Essais (Savoy, 1957)
* The Paris Scene (Savoy, 1957)
* Anna Livia Plurabelle (Philips, 1966)
* Bitter Ending with Les Swingle Singers (Epic, 1972)
* The Historic Donaueschingen Jazz Concert 1957 with Eddie Sauter (Pausa, 1980)
# Roberta Bianconi

Roberta Bianconi (born 8 July 1989) is an Italian water polo player. She was part of the Italian team that won the silver medal at the 2016 Olympics and the bronze medal at the 2015 World Championships.
Bianconi was named 2015 and 2016 LEN European Water Polo Player of the Year being the first female player to be awarded by LEN in multiple times.

## Club career

* 2007–2011 Rapallo
* 2011–2012 Pro Recco
* 2012–2013 RN Bogliasco
* 2013–2014 Rapallo
* 2014–2017 Olympiacos Piraeus
* 2017– Ekipe Orizzonte

## Club honours

Rapallo
* LEN Trophy
** 2011
* Coppa Italia
** 2014
Pro Recco
* LEN Euro League
** 2012
* LEN Super Cup
** 2011
* Serie A1
** 2012
Olympiacos
* LEN Euro League
** 2015
* LEN Super Cup
** 2015
* Greek Championships
** 2015, 2016 and 2017
Ekipe Orizzonte
* LEN Trophy
** 2019
* Serie A1
** 2019
* Coppa Italia
** 2018
# Souahlia

Souahlia is a town and commune in Tlemcen Province in north-western Algeria. The Battle of Sidi Brahim was fought nearby in September 1845 during the French conquest of Algeria.

## History

Tounane existed before 1830. In 1960 the mixed municipality of Tounane was created and encompasses the former Tounane, Beghaoun, Zaouiet el Miraqui. In 1962 the name of the commune of Souahlia was attributed.
# Gur-e-Dokhtar

Gur-e Dokhtar (Persian: گور دختر) is an ancient tomb located in the province of Bushehr in Iran. This grave has great similarities to Cyrus II's tomb in Pasargad, but is smaller. The tomb dates to the 6th century BC. It is possibly the tomb of Cyrus the Great's grandfather, Cyrus I.
# Alex Calderwood (hotelier)

Alex Calderwood (January 28, 1966 – November 14, 2013) was an American hotelier who founded the Ace Hotel.

## Biography

Calderwood was born in Denver to a contractor and a newspaper columnist. After forgoing college, he worked as a party promoter and operated a vintage clothing business in Seattle.
In the early 1990s, Calderwood and a partner invested $12,000 to revitalize a traditional barbershop concept, creating Rudy's, a chain that eventually expanded to more than a dozen locations. It led to lease of a 28-room flophouse in a neglected section of Seattle, which they converted into the first Ace Hotel.
Over time, Ace Hotels opened in Portland, New York City, Palm Springs, and London, with additional locations planned for Panama City and Los Angeles at the time of Calderwood's death. The hotels often included restaurants and cafes highlighting farm-to-table and nose-to-tail dining, as well as in-house DJs and, in some cases, guitars in the rooms. Calderwood and his partners later separated due to disagreements.
Known for his interest in graphic designers such as Lou Dorfsman and Milton Glaser, Calderwood often wore jeans, T-shirts, and Converse sneakers, and objected to the "hipster" label frequently applied to him and his hotels.
# Palli

Palli or Pally may refer to:

## People

* Angeliki Palli (1798–1875), Greek-Italian writer, translator and early feminist
* Anne Marie Palli (born 1955), French golfer
* Fani Palli-Petralia (born 1943), Greek lawyer and politician
* Niki Palli (born 1987), Israeli athlete

## Places

* Pälli, village in Lääne-Nigula Parish, Lääne County, Estonia
* Palli, Hiiu County, village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County, Estonia
* Palli, Võru County, village in Haanja Parish, Võru County, Estonia

## Other uses

* Palle, Palli or Pally, means village in Telugu
* Palli, native word for a non-Hindu shrine in south India
* Palli is a Tamil caste claiming to be former Kshatriyas of the Chola period.
* Palli (പള്ളി) means Church in Malayalam and uses St. Thomas Christian or Syrian Christian in Keralam
# Marrowbone Creek (West Virginia)

Marrowbone Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
Marrowbone Creek was named for an incident when hungry pioneers near the creek ate bone marrow from a buffalo carcass.
# Dina Tehsil

Dina Tehsil (Urdu: تحصِیل دِینہ) is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Jhelum District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Dina is the headquarter of the tehsil. It is named after a saint Baba Dina Shaheed whose tomb lies near G.T. Road in the Domeli Mohalla.

## Union Councils

Dina Tehsil is subdivided into 11 Union Councils:
* Ladhar
* Mughlabad
* Danyala
* Madukalas
* Dina 1
* Dina 2
* Garh Mahal
* Sohan
* Badlot
* Janjeel
* Khukha
# David Gnaniah Pothirajulu

David Gnaniah Pothirajulu, (19 September 1936 – 5 September 2020) was the third bishop in Madurai-Ramnad Diocese of the Church of South India, serving from 1978 to 1994 and was its deputy moderator from 1988 to 1990. Pothirajulu received his DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY (Th.D.) from the Boston University. He was a lecturer at the Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary from 1969 to 1978 until his elevation to the episcopate.

## Early life and education

Pothirajulu completed B.A., in economics from The American College, Madurai. He was also the president of the Student Christian Movement of The American College, Madurai.
He did his Bachelor's of Divinity at United Theological College, Banglore. He completed his studies with a doctorate at Boston University.

## Contribution towards Laity Formation

As an alumnus of the first batch of the Course for Leadership in Lay Training (CLLT) of the WCC in 1960s, Pothirajulu passionately promoted ecumenism and lay leadership throughout his whole career. Upon retiring he provided ecumenical formation training through the Community College and Lay Training Center (COLT) he established in Madurai

## Contribution towards Missiology

Pothirajulu is a prominent figure in the field of mission and evangelism, having been deeply engaged in the 'Mission to Myanmar' project since 2006. His efforts have focused on facilitating the theological education of Myanmar refugee students in Bible Colleges located in India, with the goal of encouraging them to return to their own country as missionaries.
Pothirajulu's work has been characterized by a strong commitment to empowering refugees and promoting the principles of Christian evangelism in Myanmar. His efforts have helped to foster a new generation of leaders who are dedicated to spreading the gospel throughout the region, and have had a profound impact on the lives of countless individuals.
Over the course of his career, Pothirajulu has gained widespread recognition for his contributions to the field of mission and evangelism. He has received numerous awards and accolades for his work, and has been widely praised for his dedication, leadership, and vision.
As an influential figure in his field, Pothirajulu's work has been extensively documented and studied. He has been the subject of numerous academic articles, and his contributions to the field of mission and evangelism have been analyzed and discussed by scholars and practitioners alike.
Overall, Pothirajulu's work on the 'Mission to Myanmar' project has had a profound impact on the lives of countless individuals, and his contributions to the field of mission and evangelism have been widely recognized and celebrated.
# Geminio Ognio

Geminio Ognio (13 December 1917 – 28 October 1990) was an Italian water polo player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Recco and died in Rome.
In 1948 he was part of the Italian team which won the gold medal. He played six matches and scored four goals.
Four years later he was a member of the Italian team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic tournament. He played four matches.
# Rowe Farm

Rowe Farm is a historic home and farm near South Bethlehem, Albany County, New York. The farmhouse was built about 1875, and is a two-story, Italianate frame dwelling with a center hall plan and a gable roof. Also on the property are the contributing Main Barn / Hay Barn (c. 1879), out kitchen (c. 1800), smokehouse (c. 1875), livestock barn (c. 1790), icehouse, shed and outhouse, pig barn, carriage barn (c. 1875), shed, fowl house, and blacksmith shop.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
# Raman Vijayan

Raman Vijayan (born 4 June 1973) is a football coach, former Indian football player, founder of Noble Football Academy And RamanVijayan Soccer School. Who currently assistant coach of Indian Super League club Chennaiyin FC.
Raman is one of two Indian footballers, the other being Baichung Bhutia, to be the top scorer in the old National Football League after he scored 10 goals during the 1997–98 season.

## Club career

Raman started his footballing career with East Bengal FC before the National Football League began in 1996. After the 1997-98 season, Raman became the top scorer in the NFL that season after he scored 10 goals.
Later in his career, he went on to play for CPT in the Calcutta Football League.

## International

Raman has represented the India national football team during his playing career.

## Coaching career

For the 2012 I-League 2nd Division Raman was hired to coach Bangalore side KGF Academy.
After coaching South United, Vijayan went back to Tamil Nadu to coach Chennai FC.
In July 2015, it was announced that Vijayan would become the assistant coach at Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos. He would also be the technical director of the team's grassroots program.

## Honours

India
* SAFF Championship: 1997
* South Asian Games Bronze medal: 1999
Bengal
* Santosh Trophy: 1996–97, 1998–99
East Bengal
* Federation Cup: 1996
Individual
* National Football League (India) Golden Boot: 1997–98
# LiquiGlide

LiquiGlide is a platform technology which creates slippery, liquid-impregnated surfaces that was developed at the Varanasi Research Group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Prof. Kripa Varanasi and his team of students and post doctorals Dave Smith, Rajeev Dhiman, Adam Paxson, Brian Solomon, and Chris Love. Possible applications include improving the flow rate of condiment bottles to avoid food waste, and preventing clogs in gas and oil tubes. The project came in second place in the Business Plan Contest and won the Audience Choice Award at the 2012 MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition. As of January 2017, the company had raised $25M from investors including Roadmap Capital, Structure Capital, Valia Investments, and Struck Capital.
# Midland Uruguay Railway

The Midland Uruguay Railway was the second most important of five rail lines in Uruguay's early rail history. The other four systems were the Central Uruguay Railway Co., the North Western of Uruguay, the Uruguay Northern, and the Uruguay East Coast Railway. The Midland Uruguay Railway Co., Ltd. was registered In London In 1887 with capital of $3,000,000.
The Midland opened on August 15, 1889 with the 318 kilometres (198 mi) line between Paso de los Toros and Salto. It ran for 525 kilometres (326 mi) on Standard gauge. The branch from Algorta/Fray Bentos was opened in its entirety August 17, 1911. Another 58 kilometres (36 mi) from Piedra Sola were opened on April 10, 1913. In 1936, there were 22 steam locomotives, one railcar, 20 coaches and 484 goods wagons. It remained independent until 1949. The railway ran northward and westward. The main line ran for 315 km (196 mi), passing through Tres Arboles, Algorta, and Paysandú, before terminating at Salto.
# Marava war of succession

The Marava war of succession was the war of succession between, Vijayaraghunatha Sethupathi, the heir apparent and eldest son of Raghunatha Kilavan, and Tanda Thevar for the throne of Ramnad kingdom, also known as the Maravar Kingdom. The war of succession and the ensuing civil war lasted from 1720 to 1729 and resulted in the partitioning of the Ramnad kingdom reducing its power and influence.

## Prelude

Raghunatha Kilavan, the founder of the Kingdom of Ramnad, died in 1710. He was an excellent soldier and his death left behind a huge void. Prior to his death, Kilavan had first nominated his illegitimate son, Bhavani Shankar and later, due to protests from the people, chose his younger son, Vijayaraghunatha Sethupathi to succeed him. Bhavani Shankar abided by the king's decision but an uneasy calm prevailed throughout Ramnad.

## Events

Bhavani Shankar eventually revolted in 1720 and securing the help of the Thanjavur Maratha king Serfoji I and the Raja of Pudukkottai, invaded Vijayaraghunatha Sethupathi's seat at Aranthangi. While defending the city, Vijayaraghunatha Sethupathi fell victim to plague and died. Just before his death, Vijayaraghunatha Sethupathi nominated Tanda Deva, a great-grandson of Raghunatha Kilavan's father to succeed him but before he could acceded to the throne, Bhavani Shankar overthrew him with the support and influence of one of Kilavan's concubines.
Tanda Deva secured the support of the Madurai Nayak king and the Raja of Pudukkottai who had switched sides and invaded Aranthani forcing Bhavani Shankar to flee to Thanjavur. But, Bhavani Shankar won over the Thanjavur Maratha ruler promising him Aranthangi in return and defeated the combined armies of Ramnad, Madurai and Pudukkottai within two or three months. Tanda Deva was eventually captured and killed.
Bhavani Shankar ascended the throne for a second time but did not rule for long. His reign was highly unpopular and most of his trusted generals deserted him. Meanwhile, Bhavani Shankar had earned the ire of the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Tukkoji as he had failed to keep up his promise of delivering Aranthangi to the Thanjavur Marathas. The discontented elements in the kingdom, therefore, approached the Tukkoji and sought his help in overthrowing Bhavani Shankar. Tukkoji invaded Ramnad. Bhavani Shankar was defeated in 1729 in the Battle of Uraiyur and taken prisoner to Thanjavur.

## Aftermath

The victorious Thanjavur Maratha forces partitioned the Kingdom of Ramnad into three – all the territories to the north of Pambar River were annexed to the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom. The rest of the kingdom was more or less equally split between Kattaya Deva, a nobleman in the Ramnad court and the maternal uncle of Tanda Deva, who ascended the throne of Ramnad as Kumara Muthu Vijayaraghunatha Sethupathi and one of the Ramnad feudatories who became the first Raja of Sivaganga. The Ramnad kingdom lost most of its power and influence due to this war.
# Kapshagay Solar Plant

Kapshagay Solar Plant (also known as Kapchagay Solar Plant) is a photovoltaic power station that is located in Kapchagay, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, and occupies 4 km$^2$ (1.5 sq mi) of land. It has a capacity of 100Megawatts (MW), which corresponds to an annual production of approximately 140 Gigawatts (GW). Kapshagay Solar Plant cost 27.7 billion tenges (US$71 million) to build.
# Mir Mehdi Khazani

Mir Mehdi Khazani (c. 1819—1894) was an Azerbaijani historian, poet and teacher.

## Biography

Mir Mehdi was born in about 1819 in the village of Məmər of the Bargyushad mahal (district) of the Karabakh Khanate in the family of Mir Hashim Bey. He received his primary education in a madrasa. In his research, N. Guliyev, who studied the life and work of Mir Mehdi Khazani, reports that he moved to the village of Shykhymly in Karabakh in 1830, to Ganja in 1838, was engaged in teaching there, returned to Shykhymly again at the invitation of Molla Refi bey, and finally at the invitation of his son-in-law he moved to the village of Tugh in Dizak (Karabakh) in 1859.
Here he continued his teaching activities. Mir Mehdi Khazani in love with his language, wrote a work for children in the Azerbaijani language, which tells about the dogmas of Islam. This work was published in 1884.
His main work as a historian is the work “Kitabi-tarihi-Garabag” (The Book of the History of Karabakh) written after 1870. Mir Mehdi also became famous as a poet. He wrote poetry under the pseudonym Khazani.
He died in the village of Tugh in 1894 leaving one son named Hamza.
# High Cross, Newport

High Cross is a suburb of the city of Newport, Wales, and forms part of the community (parish) of Rogerstone.
The majority of the housing in the area was built in the 1930s on land formerly owned by the Tredegar Estate (the Morgans of Tredegar House) which at the time was outside the boundaries of the county borough of Newport.
A great deal of housing was added in the 1950s and 1960s, some of which is still local authority housing. A small amount of housing close to the Monmouthshire Canal predates the 20th century.

## Amenities

Separated from the city centre by the M4 motorway, the area includes the Fourteen Locks, a flight of canal locks on the Crumlin arm of the Monmouthshire Canal. There is a large open area known as Cefn Wood at the north end of High Cross.
Local amenities include High Cross Primary School
St. Anne's church and hall, part of the parish of Bassaleg, closed in 2020 (Church in Wales). The site has reopened as High Cross Community Hall and is run by 28th Newport Scout Group.
# Elisa Queirolo

Elisa Queirolo (born 6 March 1991) is an Italian water polo player.
She was part of the Italian team winning the bronze medal at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, where she played in the centre back position. She was part of the Italian team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Antoine de Pas de Feuquières

Antoine de Pas, Marquis de Feuquières (16 April 1648 – 27 January 1711) was a French writer and soldier, who served in the wars of Louis XIV. He was the son of diplomat Isaac de Pas de Feuquières [fr] and grandson of Isaac Manasses de Pas, Marquis de Feuquieres.

## Life

Antoine de Pas, Marquis de Feuquières (16 April 1648 – 27 January 1711) was the eldest son of Isaac de Pas, Marquis de Feuquières (1618–1688) and Louise de Gramont (1627–1666), daughter of Antoine, duc de Gramont and Marshall of France. His father was French Ambassador to Sweden from 1672 to 1682, then in Spain until his death in Madrid in 1688 but like his grandfather, Isaac Manasses de Pas, Antoine chose a military career.
Originally from the Pas-en-Artois, from which they took their name, the family estates were in Feuquières, part of the Oise department in Northern France.
He was conspicuous for his bravery in the army of Louis XIV, serving under Luxembourg, Turenne and Catinat.
He was involved in the Affair of the Poisons, when Adam Lesage alleged that he and his cousin François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg had asked Lesage to supply them with poison. He was examined in 1680 but no case was found against him: his military career was not impeded.
It was his action which determined the Battle of Neerwinden (1693), in which he was lieutenant-general.
His Mémoires de M. le Marquis de Feuquiere, lieutenant general des armées du roi: contenans les maximes sur la guerre, & l'application des exemples aux maximes ran to 42 editions between 1736 and 2014 and was translated into three languages. Completed just before his death in 1711, it was highly critical of Louis XIV and remained unpublished until 1736. Voltaire later used it as a source for his own work, "Siècle de Louis XIV".
The Hôtel de Feuquières [fr] was named after Antoine de Pas de Feuquières.
# North Creek (West Canada Creek tributary)

North Creek flows into West Canada Creek north of Herkimer in Herkimer County, New York.