OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quantitative notrump bids

In natural bidding systems most notrump (NT) bids are made with balanced hands and within a narrowly defined high card point (HCP) range. In these systems, such as Acol and Standard American, NT bids are limit bids and therefore are not forcing. Bearing in mind the need to bid only to the optimum contract and no higher, bids above game are made only in specific circumstances, one of which is to alert partner to the fact that a slam may be possible and inviting partner to take part in the decision-making process.
* Before looking at the detail, it is necessary to understand that bridge theory and practice suggest that the HCP method of hand evaluation, together with common sense concerning balance and cover in all suits, is the best for deciding the level of NT contracts, thus:
** 25+ HCP is sufficient for a game 3NT
** 33+ HCP should yield 12 tricks
** 37+ HCP will probably produce a grand slam
* Assuming a weak NT bidding system, for example Acol, this is how quantitative bids work:
** An opening bid of 1NT shows 12, 13 or 14 HCP.
*** If responder has 21 HCP, then a small slam looks certain (21 + 12 opener's minimum = 33) and should be bid.
*** If responder has 18 HCP or less, then even a small slam is not possible (18 + 14 opener's maximum = no more than 32)
*** If responder has 19 or 20 HCP, then a small slam is a possibility but more information is needed about opener's hand before it should be bid. This is where a quantitative bid should be made. A bid of 4NT "invites" opener to:
**** bid 6NT with a maximum holding of 14 HCP (19 + 14 = 33 which is sufficient)
**** pass with a minimum 12 HCP (20+ 12 = only 32)
**** with partnership agreement, bid 5NT holding 13 HCP - asking partner to bid 6NT with 20 HCP and to pass holding 19 HCP.
** An opening bid of 2NT shows 20, 21 or 22 HCP.
*** If responder has 13 HCP, then a small slam looks certain (13 + 20 opener's minimum = 33) and should be bid
*** If responder has 11 or 12 HCP, then a small slam is a possibility but more information is needed about opener's hand before it should be bid. This is where a quantitative bid should be made. A bid of 4NT "invites" opener to:
**** bid 6NT with a maximum holding of 22 HCP (11 + 22 = 33 which is sufficient)
**** pass with a minimum 20 HCP (11+ 20 = only 31)
**** with partnership agreement, bid 5NT holding 21 HCP - asking partner to bid 6NT with 12 HCP and to pass holding 11 HCP.
** When responder is even stronger and is considering whether a small or grand slam is better (and only these two options), then the initiating bid is 5NT (not 4NT)
* Similar bids can be made using a strong no trump bidding system, for example Standard American, by adjusting the HCP count accordingly
vteContract bridge :
Overview :
Bidding :
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# Clara Rosa De Lima

Clara Rosa De Lima (born 27 July 1922) is a Trinidadian novelist, poet, journalist, and art dealer.
Clara Rosa De Lima was born on 27 July 1922 in Trinidad. She was one of seven children of Yldefonsa De Lima and Rosario De Lima. Yldefonso, from a Spanish family with Sephardic roots, founded the successful Y De Lima and Co. jewelry store. His first wife, Josefita Diaz, died in 1910 and he married his late wife's fourteen year old niece Rosario. He died when Clara was four years old, leaving her mother a widow with six children at age 26.
Her novels include Currents of the Yuma (1978), about peasants under the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo.
De Lima and Stella Beaubrun opened the Art Creators gallery in Port of Spain in 1978. Future Nobel Prize winner Derek Walcott sold his paintings through De Lima and she served as co-producer for a 1980 production of his play Marie Laveau.
Trinidadian artist Adrian Camps-Campins, a painter of historical scenes from Trinidadian history, painted De Lima's July 1929 seventh birthday party in 1989. The painting was used on a greeting card published by UNICEF in 1993.
# The Nixe

The Nixe was a Dutch punk band from the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands. The Nixe was possibly the first all-female punk band in the Netherlands. Their lyrics emphasized women's experiences, and were written from a feminist perspective. Although the Nixe played at many women's festivals, they preferred not to be thought of as a politically motivated punk band. They liked to play in front of audiences that were not only women. They defended the movement to squat in unused buildings and performed in squats on the Plompetorengracht, the Biltstraat, and the Lange Nieuwstraat. The band won worldwide attention through contributions to compilation albums such as the American Killed by Death series and the album "I'm Sure We're Gonna Make It" released on Epitaph Records. A photo of members of the Nixe is one of the most iconic photos of the early Dutch punk scene. For example, this photo was used to advertise the Centraal Museum of Utrecht's 2012 exhibition entitled "God Save the Queen" about Dutch punk from 1977 to 1984.

## History

The inspiration for forming the band came when Ilva Poortvliet and Nikki Meijerink saw a concert by the Utrecht punk band The Duds (earlier known as Blitzkrieg, the first punk band in Utrecht) at the Kasbah in Maarssen in January 1979. The band's name is the Germanic word for a mermaid or water spirit (see also Nixie). The Nixe's first live performance was on June 14, 1979, at the café De Baas in the Biltstraat in Utrecht, where they played with the Lullabies, another punk band from Utrecht. The Nixe then regularly performed at the Spinnehok in Utrecht. In November 1980, the Nixe played at the rock festival "Rock tegen de rollen" (English translation "Rock against [gender] roles") which took place in Utrecht.
In 2008, the Nixe gave a reunion concert at the Ekko, a popular concert venue in the city of Utrecht. Their recordings were re-released on Polly Maggoo Records the same year.

## Discography
### Albums

* The Nixe E.P. - 7" Rock Against Records, 1981
* The Nixe Complete 1980-1981 Recordings by the first Dutch All-Girl Punkband, Polly Maggoo Records 2008

### Samplers

* Utreg Punx E.P. - (7", ep) - Rock Against Records 1980
* "Parkhof 11-4-81" on label "V.G. 012" - LP 1981
* "I'm Sure We're Gonna Make It" on Epitaph Records 1996
* "I Don't Care (Dutch Punk 1977-1983)" Pseudonym 2016
* "I Don't Care Volume 2 (Dutch Punk 1977-1983)" Pseudonym 2016
# Bixby Creek (Michigan)

Bixby Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Michigan.
# Attilio Codognato

Attilio Codognato (January 5, 1938 – November 13, 2023) was an Italian Jeweler and art collector. His family has operated the jewelry shop Casa Codognato in Venice for more than a century. Codognato ran the business from 1958 until his death in 2023. For several years he operated an art gallery, the Galleria del Leone, in Venice.

## Life and career

Attilio Codognato was born in Milan on January 5, 1938, son of Mario Codognato.
His great-grandfather Simeone Codognato established the jewelry shop Casa Codognato in 1866, near Piazza San Marco in Venice. In 1897, his grandfather Attilio Codognato took over the business. He quickly established a reputation for making unique memento mori pieces out of unusual combinations of precious metals and stones, including skulls and snakes. In 1928, he was succeeded by his son Mario Codognato.
Codognato's father died when he was 11 years old. He moved to Venice as a young adult. When he was 21, he met the jeweler Enzo Salvati, who became his mentor.
Codognato began operating the family business, Casa Codognato, in 1958. His clients included the Italian and Russian royal families and celebrities such as Maria Callas, Coco Chanel, and Elizabeth Taylor, which established Codognato as a symbol of ultra-exclusivity.
Codognato was an avid art collector. His collection included works by Andy Warhol, Lucio Fontana, Cy Twombly, Robert Rauschenberg, and Bruce Nauman. Codognato founded Galleria del Leone in Venice in 1962. In 1963, he organized an exhibition of Christo and Jeanne-Claude's work, featuring various objects. The gallery closed in 1972, and he began publishing prints in 1973. In 1977, Codognato and art dealer Doug Christmas put together a Warhol exhibition at Le Prigioni in Venice.
Attilio Codognato died following a period of ill health on November 13, 2023.
Since Attilio’s death in 2023, his son and daughter Mario and Cristina Codognato remain committed to continuing the family’s legacy as the fifth generation and maintaining the extraordinary quality of masterpieces made by Attilio and his family before him. The historic shop in Venice remains the single only authorised point of sale worldwide which includes the United States.
# 1956–57 Danish Cup

The 1956–57 Danish Cup was the 3rd installment of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark.
# Bank Persatuan

Koperasi Co-opbank Pertama Malaysia Berhad (Jawi:كوڤراسي كو-اوڤبڠك ڤرتام مليسيا برحد) known as Co-opbank Pertama (CBP) (Jawi:كو-اوڤبڠك ڤرتام), is a cooperative banking entity based in Penang, Malaysia, and was formerly known as Bank Persatuan. Currently, Co-opbank Pertama has over 29 branches and Ar-Rahnu outlet located mainly in the Peninsular Malaysia.

## History

Co-opbank Pertama (CBP) was originally established and officially registered as a cooperative company on 7 June 1950, under the Cooperative Company Ordinance (1948) which is currently known as the Cooperative Act (1993).
Its creation is the result of the merging of over 21 Village Cooperative Companies (Malay: Syarikat Kerjasama Kampung) in Bukit Mertajam, Penang. During its early establishment the newly created cooperative is known as "The Province Wellesley Cooperative Banking Union Limited".
During its establishment, CBP's office was located at the building of "Pejabat Jabatan Kemajuan Kerjasama Bukit Mertajam" whereas its staff's salary was paid by the government. Bank Persatuan activities at that time remained focused on credit financing and supplies of agricultural inputs.
The merging of cooperative banks in 1954 led to the creation of "Bank Agung" which then changed to "Bank Kerjasama" in 1967 and later was known as "Bank Rakyat" in 1972. In 1971, "Lembaga Pertubuhan Peladang" (Planters' Organization Board) was established and all agricultural-based cooperative companies under Bank Persatuan were amalgamated under "Lembaga Pertubuhan Peladang" administration. In that same year Bank Persatuan opened its membership to individual members.
In 1971, the cooperative opened its membership to both individuals and cooperatives. By 1981 its changed its name to Bank Persatuan Kerjasama Seberang Perai Berhad and only in 1995, Bank Persatuan adopted its current name when it is changed to Koperasi Bank Persatuan Malaysia Berhad or can simply be called Bank Persatuan. In September 2018, its name was changed to Co-opbank Pertama as part of its transformation & re-branding process.
# Sanjay Chandra

Sanjay Chandra is the former Managing Director of Unitech Ltd, India's second-largest real estate investment company. Sanjay Chandra and Ajay Chandra had undergone two and a half years of incarceration in the case, having a maximum punishment of 7 years. After 7 years of punishment, he was given bail in a Unitech money laundering case. He is also on the board of Unitech Wireless.

## Early life and education

After attending Modern School in Vasant Vihar, New Delhi, Sanjay studied business management at the University of Massachusetts and received his MBA in finance from Graphic Era University, Dehradun.

## Career

Chandra founded Ikon Clothing Inc. in 1996 and was President until 2001, when he returned to India. Upon returning, Chandra joined Unitech Ltd. as the Head of Sales and Marketing. In 2004, he was promoted to the position of Director.
Chandra was the key plenary in the real estate and infrastructure conference India GRI in 2007 for the Total Real Estate Discussion and appeared on the Expert Panel for India Retail Forum in 2005. He also chaired the India Advisory Board at the Second Annual ICSC Shopping Centre and Retail Conference in Mumbai in 2005 and gave the keynote address at the - 6th Annual Global Investor Conference, Mumbai, India in August 2010.
Chandra has received the 3rd Construction World Builders Awards from the Architect Leadership Council and was placed on the list of Young Global Leaders (YGL) by the World Economic Forum in Geneva in 2011.

## Legal proceedings

In his capacity as Director of Unitech, Sanjay Chandra was accused as a part of the 2G spectrum case. He is one of the industry leaders convicted of colluding with politicians such as A. Raja, then minister for communications & IT, to lower prices in the 2010 Indian cellular telephone frequency allocation auctions. The Supreme Court of India ruled that A. Raja "wanted to favor some companies at the cost of the public exchequer" and "virtually gifted away the important national asset."
Chandra was arrested in April 2011 and released on bail on 23 November 2011. In July 2013, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) moved the Supreme Court to cancel his bail, alleging that he had attempted to "sabotage the trial." Legal proceedings are ongoing.
There are also several legal proceedings against Unitech by customers and the Haryana Government. The Hon'ble Supreme Court has directed monies paid for a delayed project to be refunded to buyers. Sanjay Chandra was arrested concerning a money laundering case by the Economic Offences Wing of the Delhi Police.
Custodial interrogation of former Unitech promoters Sanjay and Ajay Chandra is needed as "volumes of evidence have been found against them," the Enforcement Directorate told the Supreme Court today. It is necessary to bring the Chandra brothers to Delhi and confront them with the evidence, the agency told the court. The top court will hear the matter again on November 23.
# Heinrich von Frauendorfer

Heinrich von Frauendorfer (born 1855 in Höll; died 23 July 1921 in Geiselgasteig) was a German politician and Transport Minister in the Kingdom of Bavaria and the People's State of Bavaria.

## Family

He was the son of the teacher Franz Xaver Fraundorfer and his wife Franziska, née Bauer. Fraundorfer married on October 14, 1893 Helene Fraundorfer-Mühlthaler. They had one son.

## Career

After his abitur in 1874 Frauendorfer studied Jurisprudence at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. After graduation, he joined the Royal Bavarian State Railways. Here he worked until 1 August 1899, most recently as General Council. Then Fraundorfer became an Oberregierungsrat in the Bavarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Transport Department. On 1 August 1900 he was promoted to Ministerialrat. Fraundorfer was awarded on 21 October 1901 the Knight's Cross of the Merit of the Bavarian Crown. This encumbered him in the German Aristocracy to personal nobility. After entry in the Matricula he therefore was allowed to be called Ritter (knight) von Frauendorfer.
He officiated from 1 January 1904 until his retirement on 12 February 1912 as Minister of the newly established Ministry of Transport Affairs in Bavaria and was decisive involved in the electrification of the railways in Bavaria. For his merits Fraundorfer was meanwhile on 14 September 1908 raised by prince regent Luitpold to the hereditary peerage. Since 1905 he was also freeman of the town Landshut.
1916 Fraundorfer and Edgar Jaffé founded the European political and economic newspaper ; it was published by a brother of Jaffé in Berlin From 8 November 1918 to 17 March 1919 as well from 16 March to 1 April 1920, he was again Bavarian Minister of Transport Affairs in the state governments. This was followed by his appointment as Secretary of State and head of the Department Bayern in the Ministry of Transportation.
Fraundorfer was a member of the Corps Makaria Munich 1874 and Teutonia Halle (1903). He became engaged to Alma Wild, the daughter of his corp brother Albert Wild. She died before the marriage. Introduced by Wild in the Numismatics, Fraundorfer was chairman of the Bavarian Numismatic Society. When he was accused of forgery of numerous ancient coins in 1921, he took his life.

## Literature

* Staatsminister v. Frauendorfer. In: Zeitung des Vereins Deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen, 52. Jahrgang, Nr. 15 (24. Februar 1912), S. 243–246.
* Exzellenz von Frauendorfer †. In: Zeitung des Vereins Deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen, 61. Jahrgang, Nr. 30 (28. Juli 1921), S. 575–576.
* Max Spindler (Hrsg.), Walter Schärl: Die Zusammensetzung der Bayerischen Beamtenschaft von 1806 bis 1918. Verlag Michael Lassleben. Kallmütz/Opf. 1955. S. 93.
# Waćmierz

Waćmierz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Subkowy, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Subkowy, 10 km (6 mi) south of Tczew, and 39 km (24 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Álvaro Robles (boxer)

Álvaro Robles (born 11 January 1989) is a Mexican professional boxer and is a former WBC FECARBOX welterweight Champion.

## Professional career

In October 2010, Robles beat Rafael Ortiz by technical knockout to win the vacant WBC FECARBOX welterweight title.
# Burno

Burno is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dwayne Burno (1970–2013), American jazz bassist
* Rashon Burno (born 1978), American basketball coach
# Shooting at the 2006 Asian Games – Women's trap team

The women's trap team competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar was held on 2 December at the Lusail Shooting Range.

## Schedule

All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Saturday, 2 December 2006 | 08:00 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | China | 210 | Barcelona, Spain | 23 July 1998 |
| Asian Record | China | 210 | Barcelona, Spain | 23 July 1998 |
| Games Record | North Korea | 188 | Busan, South Korea | 2 October 2002 |

## Results

| Rank | Team | Round | Round | Round | Total | Notes |
| Rank | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | Notes |
| | China (CHN) | 64 | 64 | 67 | 195 | GR |
| | Chen Li | 23 | 22 | 24 | 69 | |
| | Wang Yujin | 21 | 19 | 23 | 63 | |
| | Zhu Mei | 20 | 23 | 20 | 63 | |
| | North Korea (PRK) | 65 | 60 | 61 | 186 | |
| | Chae Hye-gyong | 21 | 19 | 19 | 59 | |
| | Kim Yong-bok | 22 | 22 | 20 | 64 | |
| | Pak Yong-hui | 22 | 19 | 22 | 63 | |
| | South Korea (KOR) | 58 | 58 | 58 | 174 | |
| | Lee Bo-na | 20 | 20 | 20 | 60 | |
| | Lee Jung-a | 20 | 18 | 13 | 51 | |
| | Lee Myung-ae | 18 | 20 | 25 | 63 | |
| 4 | Japan (JPN) | 55 | 58 | 60 | 173 | |
| | Megumi Inoue | 17 | 17 | 18 | 52 | |
| | Yukie Nakayama | 19 | 22 | 21 | 62 | |
| | Keiko Suzu | 19 | 19 | 21 | 59 | |
| 5 | Thailand (THA) | 59 | 62 | 50 | 171 | |
| | Supawan Karjaejuntasak | 19 | 19 | 17 | 55 | |
| | Chattaya Kitcharoen | 19 | 25 | 19 | 63 | |
| | Nanpapas Viravaidya | 21 | 18 | 14 | 53 | |
| 6 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 62 | 51 | 56 | 169 | |
| | Anastassiya Davydova | 21 | 16 | 17 | 54 | |
| | Mariya Dmitriyenko | 20 | 19 | 19 | 58 | |
| | Yelena Struchayeva | 21 | 16 | 20 | 57 | |
| 7 | Iran (IRI) | 59 | 56 | 51 | 166 | |
| | Nahla Aboumansour | 22 | 22 | 18 | 62 | |
| | Masoumeh Ameri | 19 | 14 | 15 | 48 | |
| | Sepideh Sirani | 18 | 20 | 18 | 56 | |
| 8 | Philippines (PHI) | 52 | 50 | 58 | 160 | |
| | Gay Corral | 17 | 18 | 21 | 56 | |
| | Aimee Gana | 17 | 19 | 19 | 55 | |
| | Veneranda Garcia | 18 | 13 | 18 | 49 | |
| 9 | Vietnam (VIE) | 53 | 54 | 49 | 156 | |
| | Hoàng Thị Tuất | 18 | 19 | 18 | 55 | |
| | Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Mai | 17 | 19 | 20 | 56 | |
| | Nguyễn Thùy Dương | 18 | 16 | 11 | 45 | |
| 10 | Qatar (QAT) | 40 | 38 | 55 | 133 | |
| | Noora Al-Ali | 13 | 11 | 19 | 43 | |
| | Zulaikha Al-Kubaisi | 13 | 15 | 16 | 44 | |
| | Zaineb Al-Suwaidi | 14 | 12 | 20 | 46 | |
# H. M. Revanna

H M Revanna is a politician from Karnataka state. He is a leader of Indian National Congress. He was an MLC in Karnataka legislative council from 2014 to 2020.

## Political career

He won twice as MLA from Magadi constituency in 1989 and 1999. On 2 September 2017 he was inducted into Siddaramaiah cabinet as Transport minister. In 2018 elections he contested from Channapatna and lost to former Chief minister H.D.Kumaraswamy.
# Dagoba Organic Chocolate

Dagoba Organic Chocolate was a brand of chocolate founded in 2001 by Frederick Schilling. The Hershey Company acquired Dagoba in 2006 but in June 2021 Dagoba again became a privately held company. Hershey divested the Dagoba chocolate brand along with Krave Pure Foods and Scharffen Berger in order to focus on the salty snacks and nutrition bars markets. After the divestiture, Scharffen Berger moved production and its headquarters to the Dagoba factory in Ashland, Oregon and registered in 2021 as an LLC with the Oregon Secretary of State. However, Dagoba did not re-register in Oregon as a business entity and the Dagoba home page redirects to the Hershey site (though Dagoba is no longer a brand on the Hershey site).
The name Dagoba is Sinhalese from dhatu-garbha, Sanskrit words for "hemispherical dome" i.e.stupa.

## Products

Dagoba currently sells specialty chocolate bars, baking chocolate, cacao powder, chocodrops, and drinking chocolate.
As of August 2012, all products are Rainforest Alliance Certified, and the company has dropped fair trade certification, which used to apply to the cacao powder, drinking chocolates, and the discontinued Conacado bar, 73% ChocoDrops and syrup. 100% of the cacao beans used to produce Dagoba Chocolate products are Rainforest Alliance Certified.

### Chocolate bars

Here is a list of the current product line of Dagoba chocolate bars. Percentages indicate the cacao content.
* 84% Pure extra Bittersweet
* Rich Dark 74% Bittersweet
* Picante 74%: Spicy chocolate containing chilies, cacao nibs, nutmeg, orange and vanilla.
* Dark 59% Semisweet
* Lavender Blueberry 59%: Contains wild blueberries and flavored with lavender essential oil.
* Ginger Lime 37%: Milk flavored with crystallized ginger and lime essential oil.
* Milk 37%
* White Chocolate 37%: Contains raspberries, vanilla and peppermint essential oil.
Dagoba Chocolate also produces a line of Drinking Chocolates:
* Unsweetened: Non-dutched cacao powder with bits of 100% dark chocolate.
* Authentic: Non-dutched cacao powder with bits of 100% dark chocolate, and cane sugar.
* Xocolatl: Non-dutched cacao powder, 100% chocolate bits, cane sugar, chiles and cinnamon.
Dagoba Chocolate also produces the following items:
* Cacao powder, non-dutched
* Chocolate Drops, 74% bittersweet
* Baking Bars in 59% and 100%
# Dariusz Marzec

Dariusz Marzec (born 14 September 1969) is a Polish professional football manager and former player. He was most recently in charge of I liga club Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała.

## Managerial statistics

    As of match played 28 February 2024
Managerial record by team and tenure :
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| KKS 1925 Kalisz | 23 August 2018 | 6 May 2019 | 24 | 19 | 2 | 3 | 68 | 23 | +45 | 079.17 |
| Stal Mielec | 22 September 2019 | 31 July 2020 | 28 | 18 | 3 | 7 | 53 | 25 | +28 | 064.29 |
| Arka Gdynia | 17 December 2020 | 19 October 2021 | 36 | 18 | 7 | 11 | 59 | 37 | +22 | 050.00 |
| Wieczysta Kraków | 6 September 2022 | 20 March 2023 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 31 | 15 | +16 | 064.29 |
| Podbeskidzie | 16 November 2023 | 28 February 2024 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 11 | −5 | 016.67 |
| Total | Total | Total | 108 | 65 | 15 | 28 | 217 | 111 | +106 | 060.19 |

## Honours
### Player

GKS Katowice
* Polish Super Cup: 1995

### Manager

KKS 1925 Kalisz
* Polish Cup (Kalisz regionals): 2018–19
Stal Mielec
* I liga: 2019–20