OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roman Davidovich Timenchik

Roman Davidovich Timenchik (Russian: Рома́н Дави́дович Тиме́нчик, Latvian: Romāns Timenčiks, Hebrew: ‏רומן טימנצ'יק; born in Riga on 3 December 1945) is a Soviet and Israeli literary critic and a researcher on Russian literature of the 20th century.
He studied at the Faculty of Philology of the University of Latvia. He participated in the seminars of Professor Juri Lotman at the University of Tartu, took part in the Summer School on secondary modeling systems. After graduating from university in 1967, he worked as the head of the literary section of the Riga Young Spectator's Theatre (1968-1991). From 1970 to 1989, he lectured on the history of Russian literature and theater at the Theater Faculty of the Jāzeps Vītols Latvian Academy of Music. In 1982 he defended his dissertation on “The Artistic Principles of Anna Akhmatova’s Pre-Revolutionary Poetry” at the University of Tartu. He has been the compiler and commentator of a number of publications on Anna Akhmatova, Ivan Bunin, Nikolay Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Nabokov, Vladimir Piast and a member of the editorial board and author of articles in the biographical dictionary "Russian Writers 1800-1917" ("Russkie pisateli 1800-1917"). From 1988 to 1991, he was a member of the editorial board of the publication "Literary Heritage" ("Literaturnoe nasledstvo").
In 1991 he moved to Israel. Since March 1991, he has been a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. As a visiting professor, he lectured at the University of California. One of the founders (1999) and a member of the editorial board of the "Jerusalem Journal" ("Ierusalimski Zhurnal"). Member of the editorial board of Russian magazines "New Literary Review" ("Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie") and "New Russian Book" ("Novaja russkaja kniga").
In 2006, he was awarded the Andrei Bely Prize in the category “Humanitarian Studies” for the book “Anna Akhmatova in the 1960s” (М.; Toronto: Volodej Publishers; Toronto University Press, 2005).
His main area of research is the history of Acmeist poetry. His first scientific work “Toward an Analysis of A. Akhmatova's Poem without a Hero” was published as a student in the collection “Materials of the 22nd Scientific Conference” (Tartu, 1967). He studied the works of Akhmatova, Gumilyov, Mandelstam, Blok, Annensky and their literary and creative environment.
He also studied the works of Alexander Pushkin, Vladimir Nabokov, Joseph Brodsky. He is the author of many articles in literary magazines and collections of scientific articles, most of which are devoted to Russian poetry of the Silver Age.
# Mkhitar Manukyan

Mkhitar Manukyan (Armenian: Մխիթար Մանուկյան, born 20 September 1973) is a retired Armenian-Kazakh Greco-Roman wrestler. He competed at the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Olympics and won a bronze medal in 2004. He also won a world title in 1998 and 1999 and an Asian title in 1997 and 1999.

## Biography

Mkhitar Manukyan was born 20 September 1973 in Leninakan (now Gyumri), Armenia. He took up Greco-Roman wrestling at the age of ten. Manukyan lost both of his parents and a sister in the 1988 Armenian earthquake. According to him, this tragedy helped him in wrestling. He became a junior world champion twice in 1990 and 1991. From 1993 to 1996, Manukyan was a member of the Armenia national Greco-Roman wrestling team. He won bronze medals at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships and 1996 European Wrestling Championships. Manukyan participated at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, together with his brothers Aghasi and Samvel.
In 1997, Manukyan received an invitation from the Greco-Roman wrestling head coach of Kazakhstan, Daulet Turlykhanov, and moved to Almaty and continued to compete under the flag of Kazakhstan. In the same year, Manukyan won a gold medal at the 1997 Asian Wrestling Championships. He later won a gold medal at the 1998 World Wrestling Championships. In 1999, Manukyan became a two-time Asian and two-time World Champion at the 1999 Asian Wrestling Championships and 1999 World Wrestling Championships. Manukyan was recognized as the best fighter of the year for 1999 by the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles. He was one of the medal favorites for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, but in the preliminary stage of the competition, he lost to Juan Marén and came in seventh place.
In January 2001, Manukyan underwent a complex surgery on the cervical vertebrae due to a serious back injury, and could not recover to his previous level. Yet he was selected for the 2004 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal. In the semifinal, he suffered his only loss to Seref Eroglu, while leading 3–2, and then defeated Jimmy Samuelsson.
Manukyan retired in 2005 to become an assistant coach, and later the head coach of the Kazakhstan Greco-Roman wrestling team.

## Personal life

Manukyan is married to Arevik, an Armenian woman from Gyumri; they have a daughter named Nora who is a scholar.
# Laurin Leonard Lawson

Laurin Leonard Lawson (March 11, 1876 – January 28, 1938) was an American brigadier general.

## Early life and education

Laurin Leonard Lawson was born to Magne Lawson and Hannah Lawson on March 11, 1876, in St Peter, Minnesota. He went to public school in LaCrosse, Wisconsin. After completing his education, Lawson worked as the shipping clerk for the Washington Shoe Manufacturing Company of Seattle.

## Military career

Lawson enlisted in the 1st Washington Infantry and served between 1898 and 1899. In 1899, he commissioned as a first lieutenant in the 39th U.S. Volunteer Infantry. He was honorably mustered out in 1901, but returned to service as a second lieutenant in the artillery branch. He was promoted to first lieutenant again in 1903, and was transferred to the 3rd Field Artillery in 1907. Later that year, he was transferred to the 4th Field Artillery and was promoted to captain. During this time, he was deployed three times to the Philippines.
Lawson also participated in the United States occupation of Veracruz in 1914 and the Punitive Expedition in 1916 and 1917.
Lawson made colonel on February 6, 1918, and in May that year he became commandant of the Artillery School at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. On October 1, 1918, he was promoted to brigadier general. He left the Artillery School in December of that year, and went on to command the 15th Field Artillery Brigade at Camp Stanley, Texas.
At the time of his death, Lawson was on active duty with the organized Reserve at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

## Death

Lawson died on January 28, 1938, in Washington, D.C. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Resources

* ↑ Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). Generals in Khaki. Raleigh, North Carolina: Pentland Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-5719-7088-6. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via Google Books.
* ↑ "Well Known in Seattle". The Anaconda Standard. Anaconda, MT. February 8, 1899. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
* ↑ Who was who in American history, the military. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1975. p. 321. ISBN 0837932017. Retrieved May 30, 2019 – via Google Books.
* ↑ "Stations of Field Artillery Officers: Duty with Organized Reserve" (PDF). The Field Artillery Journal. Washington, DC: United States Field Artillery Association. November–December 1937. p. 46.
* ↑ "Funeral Rites Today for Col. L. L. Lawson". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. February 1, 1938. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
# Metaphors We Live By

Metaphors We Live By is a book by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson published in 1980. The book suggests metaphor is a tool that enables people to use what they know about their direct physical and social experiences to understand more abstract things like work, time, mental activity and feelings.

## Concepts

Conceptual metaphor, and a detailed examination of the underlying processes, was first extensively explored in this book. Since then, the field of metaphor studies within the larger discipline of cognitive linguistics has increasingly developed, with several annual academic conferences, scholarly societies, and research labs contributing to the subject area. Some researchers, such as Gerard Steen, have worked to develop empirical investigative tools for metaphor research, including the metaphor identification procedure, or MIP. In Psychology, Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., has investigated conceptual metaphor and embodiment through a number of psychological experiments. Other cognitive scientists, for example Gilles Fauconnier, study subjects similar to conceptual metaphor under the labels "analogy", "conceptual blending" and "ideasthesia".
Conceptual metaphors are seen in language in our everyday lives. Conceptual metaphors shape not just our communication, but also shape the way we think and act. In George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's work, Metaphors We Live By (1980), we see how everyday language is filled with metaphors we may not always notice. An example of one of the commonly used conceptual metaphors is "argument is war".

## Applications

Since its publication, people have used the ideas Lakoff and Johnson proposed to comment on a wide range of topics, from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States to conspiracy theories.

## Related

* Conceptual metaphor – In cognitive linguistics, relating conceptual domains
* Experientialism
* Metonymy – Figure of speech in which something is referred to by the name of an associated thing
* Linguistic relativity – Hypothesis of language influencing thought
* Synecdoche – Figure of speech
* Subjectivism – Philosophy that accords primacy only to human thought
# Armen Vardanyan

Armen Frunzekovych Vardanyan (Armenian: Արմեն Վարդանյան, Ukrainian: Армен Фрунзікович Варданян, born 30 November 1982) is an Armenian-Ukrainian Greco-Roman wrestler. He is an Olympic bronze medalist, three-time World Championships silver medalist, and two-time European Champion. He has also been awarded the Honoured Master of Sports Ukraine title.

## Early life

Vardanyan was born into a family of teachers. His mother taught Russian language and literature and his father was the director of a railway technical school. Vardanyan began wrestling in his hometown of Leninakan, Soviet Armenia (now Gyumri, Armenia). After the 1988 Armenian earthquake, he moved to Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. He graduated from Zaporozhye National Technical University and was a soldier of the State Border Service of Ukraine. As of 1999 he lived in Kyiv.

## Career

Vardanyan became a Junior World Champion in 2000 in the Greco-Roman 66 kg class and began competing as a senior in the same division in 2003. He won silver medals at the 2003 European Wrestling Championships and 2003 World Wrestling Championships. The next year he became a European Champion by winning a gold medal at the 2004 European Wrestling Championships. He qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics, but was unable to win a medal.
In 2008 Vardanyan won a gold medal at the 2008 European Wrestling Championships. Vardanyan returned to the Olympics in 2008 in Beijing and upset the reigning Olympic Champion and Azeri flag bearer Farid Mansurov in his first match. He then lost to eventual silver medalist Kanatbek Begaliev in the quarterfinals, but rebounded with wins over Jake Deitchler and Nikolay Gergov in the repechage rounds to win a bronze medal. He won a second silver medal at the 2010 World Wrestling Championships and later tried to qualify for the 2012 Summer Olympics, but came in fourth place in the trials where only the top three wrestlers qualified.
In October 2010 Vardanyan organized and hosted a Greco-Roman wrestling tournament in the youth age group. The tournament was attended by 90 children from Zaporizhzhia, who were divided into three age groups. In 2012 the tournament was held for a third time and involved 136 participants from Zaporizhzhia and Dnipropetrovsk. That year, at the annual conference of the Association of Social Organizations, Vardanyan was named a coach of the Greco-Roman wrestling national team of the Union of Armenians of Ukraine.

## Politics

In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election Vardanyan ran for the Verkhovna Rada as a member of the party All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" for the District No. 76. His revenue for the campaign was 120 thousand hryvnia. In addition to common purposes of the united opposition, Vardanyan pledged to create a network of sports facilities and clubs to satisfy the needs of the population. He failed to be elected, taking fourth place.
# Bangladesh Awami Olama League

Bangladesh Awami Olama League is a religious organization of Bangladesh that claims affiliation with Bangladesh Awami League. Although the Bangladesh Awami League denies any relationship, critics argue it uses platforms such as the Olama League for its own political benefits.

## History

The Awami Olama League was officially founded in 1996 on the directives of the Awami League president and later prime minister, Sheikh Hasina. Awami League officially denies involvement with it, although members maintain close ties with Awami League decision makers. Analysts argue that this gives the Awami League an "Islamic label" and serves as a "pocket organization" rather than a source of opposition.
The organization is currently divided into several factions, one led by Ismail Hossain Bin Helali, another led by Abdul Hasan Sheikh Shariatpuri, who are also rival Sufi groups. They accuse each other of being "agents" of Jamaat-e-Islami and being "illiterate". The two factions have often clashed violently and repeatedly.

## Controversy

In 2016, the organization demanded a stop to government funding of Pahela Baishakh and a ban on airing of Indian channels in Bangladesh.
In 2017, Olama League demanded removal of the placement of a statue of the Greek goddess of justice from the premises of the Supreme Court.
# Tegillarca

Tegillarca is a genus of molluscs of the family Arcidae, the Ark clams.

## Species

Species of this genus include:
* Tegillarca addita (Iredale, 1939)
* Tegillarca aequilatera (Dunker, 1868)
* Tegillarca bicors (Jonas in Philippi, 1845)
* Tegillarca disessa (Iredale, 1939)
* Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Tegillarca nodifera (E. von Martens, 1860)
* Tegillarca rhombea (Born, 1778)
* Tegillarca zanzibarensis (Nyst, 1848)
# Rushdi al-Shawwa

Rushdi Sa'id Shawwa Bey (Arabic: رشـدي الحـاج سعيـد الشـوا) (b. 1889 – 5 December 1965) was the mayor of Gaza from 1939 to 1952. He was born in his father's house (former mayor Sa'id al-Shawa) in the al-Turukman section of the Shuja'iyya neighborhood. His mother, Hafiza Sha’ath from Beersheba, came from a major tribe in that area. Her brother, Tajuddin Sha'ath, was the head of the tribe and a former mayor of Beersheba.

## Biography

Rushdi was sent to Istanbul in 1899 for education. He studied law and finished in 1914. He came to Gaza for the summer and was supposed to return to Istanbul in September–October for his official graduation, but was unable to as the University of Istanbul was destroyed during World War I. To get a degree, Rushdi instead went to Damascus, enrolled in the Syrian University (now the University of Damascus) and graduated in one year. In 1925, he returned to Palestine which was under British control and took up residence in the city of Jaffa.
During his time as mayor of Gaza, Rushdi started rebuilding the infrastructure of the city. He started building asphalt roads, dug Bir as-Safa (as-Safa water well)—the first water well equipped with a pump and engine in Gaza—and started distributing water to houses through a water pipe system. He also started the first sewage draining system and provided electricity as well as many other services for the citizens of Gaza. He built the as-Shuja'iyya School, az-Zaytoon School, Salahuddin School, and was the head of the founding committee that built the Palestine High School. He also participated in formal networks with other Arab mayors across Palestine, such as at the Fourth Conference of the Arab Mayors of Palestine hosted in Gaza in 1945.
When the British Mandate over Palestine ended on 15 May 1948, Rushdi and along with other Arab mayors in Palestine were awarded the Order of the British Empire Medallion (OBE) by King George VI. Rushdi was elected mayor of Gaza more than once, serving for four terms. When British troops left Palestine on 15 May, Rushdi was the last mayor elected for Gaza. Since 1946 no elections have been held for the municipality of Gaza. Rushdi flew the flag of Palestine over the municipal headquarters (as-Saraya) in Gaza upon the departure of the last British soldier from the city that same day.
After Rushdi's term ended in 1951, the Egyptian authority did not run any elections for the Municipality of Gaza. They started appointing mayors and members of the council. When Israel occupied the Gaza Strip during the Sinai War in 1956, Rushdi accepted the responsibility of the Municipality of Gaza and helped saving the people's lives, secured food, security, and other needs of Gaza City's residents and the inhabitants of the Gaza Strip as well. His term as mayor ended on 7 March 1957.
Rushdi died in London on 5 December 1965 and his body transferred to Gaza on a United Nations aircraft via Beirut. In Gaza, a formal and national funeral for was held for him on 9 December 1965.
# Rice University School of Social Sciences

Rice School of Social Sciences is an academic school on the Rice University campus. It serves the largest number of undergraduates, with over a third of Rice undergraduates choosing a major in the social sciences. It is composed of seven departments: anthropology, economics, linguistics, political science, psychology, sociology, and sport management. At the graduate level, five of the seven departments have Ph.D. programs. Each program concentrates on selected areas for education and research. The School of Social Sciences also offers professional master’s programs in Energy Economics, Human Factors & Human Computer Interaction, Global Affairs, Industrial & Organizational Psychology, and Social Policy Evaluation.
Rachel Tolbert Kimbro currently serves as the Dean of Social Sciences. Former deans include Susan McIntosh (interim, 2019-2021), Antonio Merlo (2016-2019), Lyn Ragsdale (2007-2016), Robert Stein (1996-2007), James Pomerantz (1988-1996), and Joseph Cooper (1979-1988).

## Facilities

The School of Social Sciences opened its new headquarters, Kraft Hall, in February 2020, in conjunction with its 40th anniversary. The 78,000 square-foot Patricia Lipoma Kraft and Jonathan A. Kraft Hall for Social Sciences is named for Patti and Jonathan Kraft, the lead donors for the project. It houses nearly 250 faculty, staff, and graduate students and includes a large Dean’s Suite and meeting facilities. The Economics and Sociology Departments, and research institutes including the Kinder Institute for Urban Research; the Houston Education Research Consortium; the Texas Policy Lab; Religion and Public Life program and the Boniuk Institute for Religious Tolerance are all housed in the new building. The School is fundraising now to build a second building.
The School of Social Sciences also occupies other buildings on campus include Sewall Hall, Herzstein Hall, Herring Hall, Tudor Field House, and the Biosciences Research Collaborative.
# Alexis Maridor

Alexis Maridor (July 15, 1848 – 1909) was a French-speaking Swiss writer and publisher.

## Life

Maridor was born in Fenin in the canton of Neuchâtel.
He was editor of the radical political journal National Suisse [fr], and in 1889 was elected to the grand council of La Chaux-de-Fonds, on the radical party list.
In 1899 his publishing house A. Maridor, located in La Chaux-de-Fonds, was liquidated.
Maridor died in Paris in 1909.

## Works (selection)

* La Récréation. Journal littéraire hebdomadaire. 1869.
* Le colonel (Jules) Philippin. Esquisse biographique par Alexis Maridor, Rédacteur du National Suisse. Suivie des Mémoires du colonel (autobiographie) rédigés par lui-même en 1881–1882, (avec son portrait). 1883.
* La Muse romande. Première année, 1890–1891. Avec pröface de Virgile Rossel. Zahn, La Chaux-de-Fonds 1891.
* Quelques notes sur la future organisation de l'établissement des jeunes garçons projeté à La Chaux-de-Fonds. Conseil général, La Chaux-de-Fonds 1891, OCLC 79692230.
* Le colonel Philippin. Esquisse biographique suivie des mémoires du colonel. 1893.
* mit E. Doutrebande: La Muse romande. Deuxième année, 1890–1893. Mit einem Vorwort von Henry Warnery. La Chaux-de-Fonds 1893.
* Nos fêtes. 1894–1897.
* Maître Brosse. Roman de mœurs suisses. Maridor, La Chaux-de-Fonds 1897, OCLC 718144990.

### Editing of periodicals

* La Récréation : journal littéraire hebdomadaire. 1869
* La Muse romande. 1890-1893
* Nos fêtes. 1894-1897
# Antoni Rosołowicz

Antoni Rosołowicz (born 13 July 1933) is a Polish rower. He competed in the men's coxless four event at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Kushiro Airport

Kushiro Airport (釧路空港, Kushiro Kūkō) (IATA: KUH, ICAO: RJCK) is an airport, located 17 km (11 mi) west-northwest of the center of Kushiro, Hokkaidō, Japan.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Air Do | Tokyo–Haneda |
| All Nippon Airways | Seasonal: Osaka–Itami |
| ANA Wings | Sapporo–Chitose |
| Hokkaido Air System | Sapporo–Okadama |
| Japan Airlines | Tokyo–Haneda |
| Peach Aviation | Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita |
International charter flights to Kushiro began in 2000 and have operated from South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong.

## History

The airport opened in July 1961 with a 1,200 meter runway. It has been expanded and upgraded several times; a taxiway parallel to the runway opened in 1988, a Category 3a instrument landing system (ILS) became operational in 1995, and a new passenger terminal, 2.6 times the size of the original terminal, opened in 1998.

## Terminal

Kushiro Airport has a single passenger terminal on three levels with three boarding gates. It is designed primarily for domestic flights, but has limited customs and immigration facilities for international charter arrivals.

## Ground transport

A bus service runs between the airport and the town of Kushiro, taking about 25 minutes and calling at the railway station, "MOO" shopping complex and a few other locations. The bus is approximately timed with flight arrivals / departures. There is no rail link connecting the airport.
# Jack Powell (pitcher, born 1874)

John Joseph Powell (July 9, 1874 – October 17, 1944) was a Major League Baseball pitcher at the end of the 19th century and the turn of the 20th century. He had a relatively successful 16-year career, which lasted from 1897 to 1912 – he won 245 games, but also lost 254 games. So, despite his sparking 2.97 career ERA, he holds the record for most wins by a pitcher with a career losing record.
Powell was born in Bloomington, Illinois. He made his debut with the Cleveland Spiders in 1897, and by 1898 he became one of the best pitchers on the team. His 23 wins trailed only teammate Cy Young. He was one of the star players sold to the St. Louis Browns before the 1899 season. He won 23 games again that year, which was three more than the Spiders had all year. After three successful seasons, he was lured to the new American League in 1902, where he pitched for the St. Louis Browns.
Powell was traded to the New York Highlanders before the 1904 season, where he went 23–19. However, after an 8–13 start in 1905, he was traded back to the Browns. By this time, the Browns had become one of the worst teams in the league. He had a 2.50 ERA over the last seven years of his career, but posted a 78–106 record. This was due partially to low run support, and partially to poor defense. Of the 619 runs he allowed in these seven years, 189 of them were unearned.
Powell retired after the 1912 season. He died in Chicago in 1944.