OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Metre gauge railway from Fleurines and Villers-Saint-Frambourg to Pont-Sainte-Maxence

The metre gauge railway from Fleurines and Villers-Saint-Frambourg to Pont-Sainte-Maxence (French: La voie ferrée de Fleurines et Villers St Frambourg à Pont St Maxence) was a 8.2 km (5.1 mi) long light railway with a gauge of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) running from the sand pits at Fleurines and Villers-Saint-Frambourg to the wharf at Pont-Sainte-Maxence on the River Oise in the department Oise in the Hauts-de-France region of France (until 2016: Picardy).

## Route

The 3.8 km (2.4 mi) long trunk line started at Carrière les Communes in the Vallée des Peaux Rouges at Fleurines. The 4.4 km (2.7 mi) long straight branch line started at the sand pit of Villers-Saint-Frambourg. They joined at the forester's lodge (Maison Forestière du Grand Maitre) in the Forêt d'Halatte and ran along the N17 national road to the Oise port at Pont-Sainte-Maxence.

## History

The light railway was probably first laid at the end of the 19th century.
The Société Anonyme des Sablières de l'Oise et de la Région de Fontainebleau supplied the Compagnie de Saint Gobain with sand for glass production until disputes arose between the two companies and the municipality of Fleurines during the First World War. Attempts of arbitration were unsuccessful, so the sand pits and the light railway were closed down. The Société des Sablières de l'Oise, which owned several sand pits in the area, removed the tracks from Fleurines to Pont-Sainte-Maxence around 1920 and used the rails for the 600 mm gauge Tramway at Villeneuve-sur-Verberie from the sand pits at Villeneuve-sur-Verberie and Roberval to the port at Moru on the Oise.
Around 1975, the company Sofraco mined again sand from the sand pit, which was transported by lorries, until operations ceased around 1984.
# Monthermé – Hautes-Rivières – Sorendal – Membre railway

The Monthermé – Hautes-Rivières – Sorendal – Membre railway, locally also known as the Petit Train de la Semoy, was a 27 kilometres (17 miles) long narrow gauge and later metre gauge railway in the north of France, which was put into service section by section from 1901 until 1935 and operated until 1950.

## History

The first section of the French Chemins de fer départementaux des Ardennes (CA), with a track gauge of 1000 mm, ran along the northern bank of the Semois river from Monthermé to Hautes-Rivières. It was opened on 19 October 1901 and extended to Sorendal on 1 May 1914.
Right at the beginning of World War I, the German forces dismantled the tracks in order to transport them away and lay them again elsewhere. In the post-war period the line was rebuilt and in 1938 it was extended to the Belgian border at Bohan-sur-Semois. It was put into service for cross-border traffic on 17 October 1938. The CA trains never went further than Sorendal.
The Belgian National Company of Light Railways (SNCV) did not reach Bohan until 1935, because extensive construction work had to be carried out on a 220-metre tunnel and two bridges. At the beginning of the Second World War, international traffic between France and Belgium was suspended and never resumed after the war. The bridges and the tunnel were destroyed during the German withdrawal and never rebuilt. The French section of the line was closed in 1950.
A hiking and cycling trail was built on the route of the former line, the Trans-Semoysienne, opened in 2016.

## Operation

Traction was provided by a 24-tonne service weight Corpet-Louvet steam locomotive coupled to a tender loaded with water, coal and 10-kg briquettes. It could pull two passenger coaches and several goods wagons. The line had three turntables to turn the locomotives at Monthermé, Hautes-Rivières and Sorendal.

## Stations

* Hautes-Rivières
* Terminus of the narrow gauge railway in Sorendal with future extension to Belgium
# Ballydugan

Ballydugan or Ballydougan (from Irish Baile Uí Dhúgáin 'Ó Dúgáin's townland') is a townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It lies on the County Armagh–County Down border, between Lurgan and Gilford. Ballydougan is within the Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council area.

## The Troubles

The Mid-Ulster brigade of the Ulster Volunteer Force killed three Catholics in Ballydugan on 4 January 1976 as well as another three Catholics (three brothers) in Whitecross the same day. The Kingsmill massacre by the South Armagh Republican Action Force left 10 Protestant men dead the following day.

## Bloomvale House

Bloomvale House has had craftspeople living and working in it since 1785 and is currently the home of Ballydougan pottery.
# Tremblois-lès-Rocroi–Petite-Chapelle railway

The Tremblois-lès-Rocroi–Petite-Chapelle railway was a 17 kilometres (11 miles) long narrow gauge and later metre gauge railway in the north of France, the first section of which was put into service in 1895. It operated until 1950.

## History

The first, 12 km long section from Tremblois-lès-Rocroi to Rocroi line was built by the Chemins de fer départementaux des Ardennes in 1897 as a narrow-gauge railway with the unusual gauge of 800 mm. In 1903, following a change in the law, the line was converted to metre gauge. It was extended across the border to Petite-Chapelle in Belgium in 1905 and operated until 1950.

## Stations

* Tremblois-lès-Rocroi train station
* Petit Chapelle train station
# Minden Museum Railway

The Minden Museum Railway (German: Museumseisenbahn Minden) or MEM was founded in 1977 as a society. Its aim was to preserve historic railway vehicles and operate them on the Minden District Railway (Mindener Kreisbahn or MKB). It was not long before the first museum train worked the line. The museum's vehicles were initially housed in the coach hall of the MKB's old locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk) at Minden Stadt station.
In the same year the MEM gained its first locomotives: The MEM's steam engines Mevissen 4 and the Prussian T 13, STETTIN 7906 (formerly DRG no. 92 638) were taken over from the VEB Erfurt Industrial Railway. At the same time during that first year, locomotives were inspected and repaired on behalf of other museum railways.
The museum's trains run on the lines owned by the Minden District Railway and Wittlage District Railway.
Later the MKB's lines were gradually taken over by the MEM. The society had to move its HQ to Oberstadt station, because its old location and depot at Minden Stadt station was closed and sold. At Minden-Oberstadt station a new shed will be built, around which a large depot can be established with workshops etc.

## Network

The MEM could not prevent the dismantling of lines. Of the 80 or so km of narrow gauge network only about 40 km remains, mostly comprising the core routes to Kleinenbremen and Hille.

## Sources

* Ingrid Schütte; Werner Schütte: Die Mindener Kreisbahnen. Uhle & Kleimann, Lübbecke 1990. ISBN 3-922657-77-X
* Gerd Wolff: Deutsche Klein- und Privatbahnen. Band 6: Nordrhein-Westfalen (Nordöstlicher Teil). EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2000, ISBN 3-88255-664-1
* Bau und Kunstdenkmäler von Westfalen, Band 50: Stadt Minden, bearbeitet von Fred Kaspar und Ulf Dietrich Korn, Teil V: Minden ausserhalb der Stadtmauern, Teilband 2, S. 1721–1744, Hrsg: Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe, Klartext Verlag, Essen 1998, ISBN 3-88474-635-9
# Diana de Feo

Diana de Feo (9 March 1937 – 23 June 2021) was an Italian journalist and politician who served as a Senator.
# Train of Pantanal

The Train of Pantanal (Portuguese, Trem do Pantanal) is a railway in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil that passes through the Pantanal region. It begins in the city of Campo Grande and ends in Corumbá, a total distance of 420 km. It is sometimes referred to, incorrectly, as the Train of Death. The 'Train of Death' was actually the continuation of the route across the border into Bolivia from Puerto Suarez to Santa Cruz del la Sierra, a true "Trem da Morte." In the absence of decent all-weather roads linking Corumba with Campo Grande, the train offered a decent journey, first and second class, a restaurant car and sleepers across the Pantanal to Bauru, taking over all about 30 hours. The completion of the road killed off the passenger railway service.

## History

The line was inaugurated in 1914 and was finished in 1950. The government plans on reconstructing the train slowly by 2009, although it was initially predicted to be completed by 2005.
# Gondal State Railway

The Gondal State Railway (GSR) was a metre gauge railway owned by the Gondal State.

## History

The line opened in 1881 and originally worked by the Bhavnagar–Gondal–Junagad–Porbandar Railway. From 1911, the line formed the nucleus of a new system, working jointly with the Porbandar State Railway (PSR) thus forming the Gondal–Porbandar Railway. In 1919, GSR took over the sole working of the PSR. Khijadiya–Dhari Railway opened in 1913 was a metre gauge railway, part of GSR and owned by the State of Gondal. In 1948, GSR became a part of Saurashtra Railway.

## Personnel

No staff lists have ever been found. The following personnel are recorded as 'on loan' from the Public Works Department (PWD).
* Richard Gardiner Lieut-Col. R.E. from PWD, 1887, Manager and Engineer-in-Chief of 'Bhavnagar-Gondal Railway' until retirement in 1893.
* Willoughby Verner Constable, 1887, Officiating Manager of 'Bhavnagar and Gondal States Railways'.
* Ernest Ifill Shadbolt, PWD Assistant Engineer from 1874 to 1884 'services lent to Bhavnagar and Gondal States' Railways.
* Horace Chaloner Knox, 1890, Executive Engineer employed with 'Bhavnagar-Gondal-Junagad-Porbandar Railway'.

## Rolling stock

In 1936, the company owned 23 locomotives, 114 coaches and 510 goods wagons.

## Classification

It was labeled as a Class II railway according to Indian Railway Classification System of 1926.

## Conversion to broad gauge

The network was converted to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge progressively in 2010s.
# Nawabganj Sugar Factory Railway

Nawabganj Sugar Factory Railway was built in 1932-33 to serve the sugar factory at Nawabganj, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. It was connected to the Bengal and North Western Railway (B&NWR) at Barabanki Junction. The B&NWR line and the sugar factory branch were both metre gauge. The line was later dismantled.
# Michaell Chirinos

Michaell Anthony Chirinos Cortez (born 17 June 1995) is a Honduran professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga Nacional club Olimpia and the Honduras national team.

## Club career

On 14 June 2018, Chirinos signed with Lobos BUAP of Liga MX on a one-year loan from C.D. Olimpia. He scored his first goal on 4 February 2019 in a 1–1 draw against C.F. Pachuca.
On 3 August 2019, Chirinos signed with Major League Soccer team Vancouver Whitecaps FC for the remainder of the season. He scored his first goal for the club on September 30, the winner in a 4–3 away victory against the LA Galaxy.

## International career

On 24 March 2024, Chirinos scored his team's only goal in an eventual 3–1 defeat to Costa Rica in the 2024 Copa América qualifying play-offs. The goal was nominated for Goal of the Year at the 2023–24 CONCACAF Awards, before being nominated for the 2024 FIFA Puskás Award.

## Honours

Olimpia
* CONCACAF League: 2017, 2022
Individual
* CONCACAF League Team of the Tournament: 2017
* CONCACAF League Golden Ball: 2017, 2022
# Bagshot railway station

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Legend :
Bagshot railway station serves the village of Bagshot, in the west of Surrey, England. The station, and all trains calling there, are operated by South Western Railway. It is situated on the Ascot to Guildford line, 32 miles 8 chains (51.7 km) from London Waterloo.

## History

The station was opened by the London and South Western Railway, it became part of the Southern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station then passed on to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.
When Sectorisation was introduced in the 1980s, the station was served by Network SouthEast until the Privatisation of British Railways.

## Services

All services at Bagshot are operated by South Western Railway using Class 450 EMUs.
The typical off-peak service is two trains per hour in each direction between Ascot and Aldershot. During the peak hours, the station is served by two morning services that continue beyond Ascot to London Waterloo via Staines as well two evening services from London Waterloo.
On Sundays, the service is reduced to hourly in each direction and eastbound services are extended beyond Aldershot to Guildford.
| Preceding station | National Rail | National Rail | National Rail | Following station |
| Ascot | | South Western Railway Ascot to Guildford Line | | Camberley |
# Martin Creek (Hiwassee River tributary)

Martin Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is a tributary to the Hiwassee River.
Martin Creek was named after the pioneer Martin family, which settled near its banks in the 1830s. The Martin's Creek community is named after the stream, which runs through it.

## Course

Martin Creek rises on the east side of Mary King Mountain in Cherokee County, North Carolina and then follows a northerly course to join the Hiawassee River about 0.5 miles east of Murphy, North Carolina.

## Watershed

Martin Creek drains 9.06 square miles (23.5 km$^2$) of area, receives about 58.9 in/year of precipitation, and has a wetness index of 281.47 and is about 77% forested.
# Albo Hundred

Albo Hundred (Swedish: Albo härad) was a hundred on the east coast of Scania in southern Sweden.
The administrative center of Albo härad was the village of Brösarp. Today, the picturesque fishing village of Kivik (pop. 900) is larger.
Notable sites are The King's Grave, the dolmen at Haväng as well as the National park of Stenshuvud.

## Socken

The hundred was divided into sockens:
In Simrishamn Municipality
* Ravlunda
* Sankt Olof
* Rörum
* Södra Mellby
* Vitaby
In Tomelilla Municipality
* Fågeltofta
* Eljaröd
* Andrarum
* Brösarp
# Skunk Run (Slippery Rock Creek tributary)

Skunk Run is a small tributary of Slippery Rock Creek in western Pennsylvania. The stream rises in eastern Lawrence County at the Shenango and Slippery Rock Township line and then flows southeast entering Slippery Rock Creek in McConnells Mill State Park. The watershed is nearly 50% forested.
# William Henry Valpy Jr.

William Henry Valpy Jr. (8 January 1832 – 19 January 1911) was one of the earliest settlers of Otago, a province in the south of New Zealand.
Valpy was born in Calcutta. His father, William Henry Valpy, was a Magistrate & Collector for the East India Company. His mother was Caroline Valpy (née Jeffreys), a sister of Julius Jeffreys. Due to his father's precarious health, the family emigrated to New Zealand, where they arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship Ajax on 8 January 1849.
Prior to the family leaving England in 1847, Valpy Sr. had purchased land at the second or third balloting in London under the Otago Association. The family first settled at "The Forbury" by the Ocean Beach, now known as St Clair. Valpy Jr. was placed in charge of a sheep run at Waihola. In 1852, Valpy Jr. shipped the first fat stock sent by sea from Otago to Canterbury. After several weeks in Lyttelton, he and two shepherds returned to Otago on horseback in a 12-day journey, the first people to accomplish such a feat. His report to John Robert Godley of the feasibility of such an overland journey was published in the Lyttelton Times. During the same year Valpy Jr. moved to the Horseshoe Bush run, at the head of Lake Waihola, and in 1854, he took up the Maerewhenua station, in the Waitaki District in North Otago, and in 1856, purchased the Oamaru and Upper Taipo runs. Due to a severe accident, he was forced to sell his properties. Valpy Jr. then took up the Patearoa run, in the Upper Taieri, but sold it in 1860 to Dr. Buchanan. After that Valpy Jr. lived in retirement until 1874, when he was appointed Crown lands ranger for the northern portion of Otago, but retired from the position in 1888, when he and his family took up two runs at the head of Lake Wakatipu. They afterwards sold these properties. In the early 1860s, Valpy Jr. was made a justice of the peace, and he acted as Sergeant-at-Arms in the Otago Provincial Council, during the time that Julius Vogel was Provincial Treasurer.
Valpy married in 1858 to Penelope Caroline Every, the daughter of Simon Frederick Every, of Silver Acres, Andersons Bay, Dunedin. His wife was a descendant of the Every baronets. They had five sons and three daughters. His last residence was Kohimarama near Glenorchy at the head of Lake Wakatipu. He died on 19 January 1911 while he stayed at his son James' place in Oamaru; he had turned 79 only a few days earlier. His wife died in 1924 aged 84.
# Marcelo Toscano

Marcelo Aparecido Toscano (born 12 May 1985) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Thrissur Magic FC. Mainly a striker, he can also play as a winger.

## Club career

Born in Areado, Minas Gerais, Toscano was a São Vicente youth graduate. Initially a forward, he was converted to a right back during his time at Paulista, mainly due to the lack of goals.
Back as a striker at Paraná, Toscano scored ten goals in 2009 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, being the club's top goalscorer. On 20 August 2010 he moved abroad for the first time in his career, after agreeing to a four-year deal with Primeira Liga side Vitória de Guimarães.
Toscano made his debut in the main category of Portuguese football on 28 August, starting and scoring a hat-trick in a 3–1 away win against C.D. Nacional. On 21 December 2012 he rescinded his contract, and signed for Figueirense on the following day.
Toscano appeared rarely for Figueira, and subsequently joined Comercial de Ribeirão Preto. On 14 April 2014 he moved to Vila Nova, but rescinded his link only two months later.
Toscano finished the year with Cuiabá, scoring three goals in Série C. In November 2014 he joined Mirassol, and was the top goalscorer in 2015 Campeonato Paulista Série A2.
On 16 April 2015 Toscano moved to Série B side América Mineiro.
Having successfully gotten América Mineiro promoted to the Série A, Toscano signed for Jeju United FC on 7 December 2015. After one and a half seasons playing for Jeju, he transferred to Omiya Ardija in the J. League Division 1 in June, 2017. He finished his time at Jeju with 49 league appearances and 17 goals.
On 29 July 2017 Toscano made his first appearance against Vissel Kobe scoring a goal on his debut however the game concluded with 3–1 away defeat. In his first season with Omiya Ardija they were relegated to Japan's second division J2 League.
On 1 January 2019 Toscano resigned with Série B side América Mineiro to a two-year contract.
On 27 December 2019 Toscano was loaned out to Mirassol until the end of December 2020.

## Honours
### Vitória de Guimarães

* Taça de Portugal: 2012–13
# George Burnett Barton

George Burnett Barton (9 December 1836 – 12 September 1901) was an Australian lawyer, journalist and historian.

## Early life and education

Barton was born in Sydney, the second son of William Barton and Mary Louise Barton, and elder brother of Sir Edmund Barton. He was educated at William Timothy Cape's school and at the University of Sydney.
After a dispute with Professor John Woolley, he left for England, where he was admitted to the Middle Temple on 20 April 1857 and called to the Bar in 1860.

## Career

Barton returned to Australia and became a journalist and was the first editor of the Sydney Punch. From 1865 to 1868 he was reader in English literature at the University of Sydney; his introductory lecture, The Study of English Literature, was published in 1866. Also in the same year appeared his Literature in New South Wales and Poets and Prose Writers of New South Wales, the first volumes of a bibliographical and critical character to be published in Australia. This made him, according to H.M. Green, "the founder of Australian literary criticism."
Barton went to New Zealand in 1868, and for about three years (1868-1871) was editor of the Otago Daily Times. Barton was known as "long Barton" in New Zealand to distinguish him from "little Barton" or George Elliott Barton (unrelated) who was also a lawyer and (briefly) a Wellington MP.

### Legal career

He practised for some time as a barrister and solicitor at Dunedin, and in 1875 published A Digest of the Law and Practice of Resident Magistrates and District Courts.He also edited the New Zealand Jurist.

### Journalism career

He returned to Australia in the 1880s and did much writing for the Sydney Evening News and the Sydney Morning Herald. He was then commissioned by the government to write the History of New South Wales From the Records, of which he completed only the first volume, published in 1889. The latter was to have run into thirteen volumes but after a dispute over payment, Barton resigned. His book The True Story of Margaret Catchpole was published posthumously in 1924. He later moved to Goulburn, where he was the editor of the short-lived protectionist newspaper The Werriwa Times and Goulburn District News in 1901. He died in Goulburn Hospital on 12 September 1901 of influenza.
# Coat of arms of Vatican City

The coat of arms of Vatican City is the coat of arms used by Vatican City, which was originally adopted by the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State on 7 June 1929. This coat of arms is defined by law as having the silver key in bend and the gold key in bend sinister.

## History

Vatican City's coat of arms is described in Annex B of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State.
Previously, it was described under the heading "Annex B. Official coat of arms of Vatican City State", in article 20 of the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State in force since 22 February 2001. This 2001 law repeats the contents of article 19 of the original Fundamental Law of Vatican City State adopted on 7 June 1929.