# 2024 Mongolian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 2024 to determine the composition of the State Great Khural. The number of MPs increased from 76 to 126 following a constitutional amendment in 2023.
According to preliminary results, the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) secured 35% of the vote and won 68 of the 126 seats. The State Great Khural re-appointed MPP chairman Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene as prime minister on 5 July.

## Background

In the 2020 parliamentary elections the Mongolian People's Party won a supermajority of 62 of the 76 seats and formed a government. However, protests in 2021 led to the resignation of Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh and his cabinet. More protests began in December 2022 due to a government corruption scheme in relation to coal exports.
In August 2022 the Constitutional Court annulled Article 39, Section 1 of the constitution, which allowed the Prime Minister and members of his cabinet to hold office in the Great Khural. Shortly after the ruling a series of laws where passed that gave parliament the power to amend the constitution and on 31 May 2023 the Great Khural voted to amend Article 21.1 to increase the number of seats in the Great Khural from 76 to 126. It was believed by local political analysts that these constitutional changes, coupled with an enlargement of parliament, would allow for a larger plurality of political parties and loosen the stranglehold that the MPP has held since the fall of the Soviet Union.

### Redistricting

On 18 December 2023, the ruling and opposition parties reached a consensus to redraw the electoral districts. Subsequently, the State Great Khural's plenary session passed a resolution on the creation of 2024 regular election constituencies of the State Great Khural, and the determination of the number, territory of the mandates of the constituencies, resulting in the reformation of the electoral districts. In comparison to the previous elections, there was a decrease of the constituencies, bringing the total to 13.

## Electoral system

Following the passing of a new electoral law, the elections were held using a parallel system, with 78 seats elected by multiple non-transferable vote in 13 multi-member constituencies and 48 by closed list proportional representation at the national level with an electoral threshold of 4% for individual parties, 5% for a two-party coalition and 7% for coalitions of three or more parties. To qualify for proportional seats, parties and coalitions must also have candidates running in at least half of the seats in each constituency. Party lists must adhere to the zipper system, while the overall gender ratio of candidates for a party must not be greater than 70:30 or less than 30:70. A voter turnout of 50% is required for the result in a constituency to be considered valid, or another round of voting must be held for that constituency. Voting was held in 2,198 polling stations nationwide.

### Timetable

The following timetable was approved by the General Election Commission (GEC) on January 10:
| 1 March | Deadline for audit organization to set campaign finance limits |
| 24 March | Deadline for parties to submit election platform |
| 28 April | Deadline for parties to submit intention to participate |
| 14–20 May | Parties nominate candidates |
| 10 June | The GEC issues candidate cards |
| 15 June | Deadline for Mongolians residing abroad to register |
| 10–26 June | Election campaign period |
| 20–23 June | Polling days for overseas Mongolians to be conducted in embassies and consular posts |
| 28 June | Polling day (from 7am until 10pm) |

## Contesting parties and candidates

The General Election Committee of Mongolia registered a record 1,336 candidates running for the election.
| Party | Party | Constituency seats | Party list | Total |
| | Mongolian People's Party | 78 | 48 | 126 |
| | Democratic Party | 78 | 48 | 126 |
| | HUN Party | 75 | 47 | 122 |
| | National Coalition (MGP, MNDP) | 43 | 24 | 67 |
| | New United Coalition (MTUP, NEW Party) | 53 | 37 | 90 |
| | United Patriots Party | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | The Civic Unity Party | 53 | 4 | 57 |
| | Civil Will–Green Party | 59 | 12 | 71 |
| | People's Majority Governance Party | 44 | 27 | 71 |
| | Republican Party | 39 | 15 | 54 |
| | Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Civil Movement Party | 76 | 48 | 126 |
| | Truth and Right Party | 62 | 18 | 80 |
| | Good Democratic Citizens United Party | 37 | 18 | 55 |
| | Mongol Conservative Party | 22 | 0 | 22 |
| | Freedom Implementing Party | 25 | 5 | 30 |
| | Mongolian Social Democratic Party | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| | Motherland Party | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| | People's Power Party | 52 | 8 | 60 |
| | For the Mongolian People Party | 38 | 4 | 42 |
| | Liberte Party | 43 | 4 | 47 |
| | Independent | 42 | - | 42 |
| Total | Total | 966 | 371 | 1,337 |

### Lawmakers not standing for re-election

Twenty-two sitting members of the State Great Khural did not stand for re-election.
Members of Parliament not standing for re-election :
| MP | Seat | First elected | Party |
| Yondonperenlein Baatarbileg | Arkhangai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Jamyangiin Mönkhbat | Arkhangai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Khavdislamyn Badyelkhan | Bayan-Ölgii | 2008 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Tsogt-Ochiryn Anandbazar | Bulgan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Byambasürengiin Enkh-Amgalan | Govi-Altai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Shatarbalyn Radnaased | Govi-Altai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Sükhbaataryn Batbold | Dundgovi Govisümber | 2004 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Khayangaagiin Bolorchuluun | Dornogovi | 2012 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Tsedeviin Sergelen | Dornogovi | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Dashdembereliin Bat-Erdene | Ömnögovi | 2004 | Democratic Party |
| Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat | Selenge | 2012 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Nyamaagiin Enkhbold | Töv | 2000 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Badmaanyambuugiin Bat-Erdene | Khentii | 2000 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Baagaagiin Battömör | Darkhan-Uul | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Tsendiin Mönkh-Orgil | Sükhbaatar | 2004 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Tserenjamtsyn Mönkhtsetseg | Sükhbaatar | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Tömörbaataryn Ayuursaikhan | Chingeltei | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Jamiyankhorloogiin Sükhbaatar | Chingeltei | 2008 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Khishgeegiin Nyambaatar | Songino Khairkhan | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Badarchiin Jargalmaa | Songino Khairkhan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Ganibalyn Amartüvshin | Khan-Uul | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party |
| Davaajantsangiin Sarangerel | Khan-Uul | 2012 | Mongolian People's Party |

## Campaign

Among issues raised during the campaign were corruption, unemployment, inflation and agricultural problems.

## Opinion polls

| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | MPP | DP | MPRP | CWGP | HUN | NC | Other | Ind. | None | Und./NA/ DK |
| Sant Maral | 23 Apr – 19 May 2024 | 1,000 | 25.1 | 20.5 | – | 1.9 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 7.8 | – | 4.5 | 34.1 |
| MEC Barometer | 3–10 Apr 2024 | 980 | 22 | 17 | – | – | 10 | 6 | 15 | – | – | 30 |
| Sant Maral | 18 Mar – 16 Apr 2023 | 1,000 | 13.6 | 10.7 | – | – | 2.3 | – | 1.4 | – | 6.7 | 65.3 |
| Sant Maral | 3 May – 10 Jun 2022 | 1,200 | 21.4 | 10.2 | – | – | 3.1 | – | 0.3 | – | 3.7 | 61.4 |
| | 28 May 2021 | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP | Merger of MPP and MPRP |
| Sant Maral | 1–16 Apr 2021 | 1,210 | 20.7 | 9.7 | 2.4 | – | 3.6 | – | 0.5 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 58.4 |
| 2020 election | 24 Jun 2020 | – | 44.9 | 24.5 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 5.2 | – | 8.5 | 8.7 | – | – |

## Incidents
### Death of opposition party member

On 16 June, B. Bayanmunkh, a member of the Democratic Party and a governor of Sant sum, was beaten to death. It was found that perpetrator was an agitator of 1st election district candidate Gürsediin Saikhanbayar. In response, the MPP decided to withdraw Saikhanbayar as a candidate. However, the GEC stated that a candidate cannot be withdrawn once they have been registered, issued an identity card and their name has been entered on the ballot paper. Saikhanbayar also stated that he will continue to campaign and compete in the elections.

## Results

Preliminary results showed the ruling Mongolia People's Party had won a narrow and reduced majority in the Khural, which allowed Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene to publicly claim victory. The Democratic Party also gained 42 seats, an increase from the 2020 election. The full official results were presented by the GEC on 1 July 2024.
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Total seats | +/– |
| | Mongolian People's Party | 3,619,950 | 38.65 | 50 | 509,482 | 35.01 | 18 | 68 | +6 |
| | Democratic Party | 3,135,988 | 33.48 | 26 | 438,506 | 30.13 | 16 | 42 | +31 |
| | HUN Party | 636,648 | 6.80 | 2 | 151,111 | 10.38 | 6 | 8 | +7 |
| | National Coalition | 291,166 | 3.11 | 0 | 75,196 | 5.17 | 4 | 4 | New |
| | Civil Will–Green Party | 269,582 | 2.88 | 0 | 73,006 | 5.02 | 4 | 4 | +4 |
| | New United Coalition | 255,871 | 2.73 | 0 | 69,682 | 4.79 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Truth and Right Party | 208,717 | 2.23 | 0 | 40,783 | 2.80 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Civil Movement Party | 153,624 | 1.64 | 0 | 20,443 | 1.40 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Republican Party | 116,561 | 1.24 | 0 | 19,635 | 1.35 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | The Civic Unity Party | 86,083 | 0.92 | 0 | 13,733 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | People's Power Party | 106,688 | 1.14 | 0 | 10,614 | 0.73 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Good Democratic Citizens United Party | 42,961 | 0.46 | 0 | 6,104 | 0.42 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Motherland Party | 52,803 | 0.56 | 0 | 5,621 | 0.39 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Liberte Party | 45,730 | 0.49 | 0 | 4,738 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | People's Majority Governance Party | 30,760 | 0.33 | 0 | 3,619 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | For the Mongolian People Party | 35,183 | 0.38 | 0 | 3,461 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party | 232 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,820 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | United Patriots Party | 213 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,168 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Mongolian Social Democratic Party | 7,789 | 0.08 | 0 | 1,531 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Mongol Conservative Party | 21,177 | 0.23 | 0 | 1,485 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Freedom Implementing Party | 26,256 | 0.28 | 0 | 1,450 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Independents | 222,957 | 2.38 | 0 | | | | 0 | –1 |
| Total | Total | 9,366,939 | 100.00 | 78 | 1,455,188 | 100.00 | 48 | 126 | +50 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | | | | 1,455,188 | 99.68 | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | | | | 4,642 | 0.32 | | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | | | | 1,459,830 | 100.00 | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,089,935 | – | | 2,089,935 | 69.85 | | | |
| Source: Ikon, Ikon, Parliament ||||||||||

### Incumbents who lost re-election

Members of Parliament who lost re-election :
| MP | Seat | First elected | Party | New MP | New party | New party |
| Gombojavyn Zandanshatar | Bayankhongor | 2004 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Amgalangiin Adiyaasüren | Bayankhongor | 2020 | Democratic Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Dulamdorjiin Togtokhsüren | Övörkhangai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Sodnomyn Chinzorig | Övörkhangai | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Gochoogiin Ganbold | Övörkhangai | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Tsedendambyn Tserenpuntsag | Zavkhan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Baljinnyamyn Bayarsaikhan | Zavkhan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Shirnenbanidiin Adishaa | Khovd | 2020 | Democratic Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Chimediin Khürelbaatar | Uvs | 2008 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Damdinsürengiin Önörbolor | Selenge | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Purev-Ochiryn Anujin | Songino Khairkhan | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Nayantain Ganibal | Sükhbaatar | 2020 | Democratic Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Tömörtogoogiin Enkhtüvshin | Dornogovi | 2020 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Batsükhiin Saranchimeg | Bayanzürkh | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Gompildoogiin Mönkhtsetseg | Dundgovi Govisümber | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Mönkhöögiin Oyuunchimeg | Chingeltei | 2016 | Mongolian People's Party | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
* ↑ Zandanshatar lost his seat in 2012 but was re-elected through an election in 2016

## Aftermath

Prime Minister Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene announced early on 29 June that the MPP had won 68 seats, enough for a simple majority in the Great Khural. The Democratic Party (DP), despite falling short of the MPP, saw its largest increase in seats since its inaugural performance in the 1996 elections. Oyun-Erdene also thanked the opposition for their strong showing, stating that it showcased the health of Mongolian democracy, and that “having diverse and contrasting opinions is the essence of democracy.”
The State Great Khural re-appointed Oyun-Erdene as prime minister on 5 July.
With around 54% of the seats in parliament, the elections saw the worst result for the MPP since the 2012 election, providing it with a less dominant position in the expanded parliament.
Following the coalition talks among the MPP and the DP and HUN, the three parties formed a joint government composed of ten ministers from the MPP, eight ministers from the DP and two ministers from HUN.