OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pleasantville and Ocean City Railroad

The Pleasantville and Ocean City Railroad was a railway company in the United States. It was incorporated in 1880 by the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway, then in bankruptcy, to construct a branch between Pleasantville and Somers Point, New Jersey. The line opened in 1880. The company was sold in 1882 to the West Jersey Railroad and merged into the West Jersey and Atlantic Railroad.

## History

The Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway (P&AC) was established in 1876 to compete with the Camden and Atlantic Railroad. The company opened a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge line between Camden and Atlantic City in 1877. The company was not a success and entered receivership in 1878, a year after beginning operation.
The bankruptcy trustees incorporated the Pleasantville and Ocean City Railroad on June 7, 1880, to construct a branch south from Pleasantville to Somers Point, across Great Egg Harbor Bay from Ocean City. They hoped to generate additional business for the P&AC, but incorporated separately to limit its liability. William Massey was elected president and construction began on July 2. The line opened on October 26, 1880. Passengers used a ferry to reach Ocean City from Somers Point. The new railroad owned one coach and one combine, but the P&AC operated all of its services.
The P&AC continued to experience difficulties and Massey sold his interest in the Pleasantville and Ocean City Railroad to associates of the West Jersey Railroad in May 1882. The West Jersey's subsidiary, the West Jersey and Atlantic Railroad had built its own line to Atlantic City in June 1880, crossing the Pleasantville and Ocean City just southeast of its junction with the P&AC. The new board of the Pleasantville and Ocean City agreed to sell their railroad to the West Jersey and Atlantic on June 4, 1882. The West Jersey immediately converted the line to standard gauge; the company was formally merged into the West Jersey and Atlantic Railroad on December 8. The 0.36 miles (0.58 km) of track continuing to the P&AC were removed, while the two passenger cars remained in service on the P&AC.
# Kulla Gunnarstorp Castle

Kulla Gunnarstorp Castle (Swedish: Kulla Gunnarstorps slott) is a castle in Helsingborg Municipality, Scania, in southern Sweden. Kulla Gunnarstorp is located near the Öresund between the villages Hittarp and Domsten, about 10 kilometers north of Helsingborg.

## History

The property actually contains two castles on its grounds; the old castle was built in the 16th century by Skåne nobleman Jørgen Ottesen Brahe (1554-1601). In the 19th century a new one was built by Swedish Foreign Minister Baltzar von Platen (1804-1875).
The old castle, originally called Gundestrup around 1500, once belonged to the family Parsberg. It passed in the mid-1500s to the Privy council member Jörgen Brahe through marriage. He built the old castle, which still exists on the estate. The castle was bought in 1639 by Axel Eriksen Rosenkrantz of Glimmingehus and in 1775 it was sold to Count Gustaf Adolf Sparre, who built up a fine collection of paintings there. After his widow's death it passed to their grandson Gustav Adolf Frederick De la Gardie, and after his death, to his son Jacob de la Gardie. He sold the estate with its collection in 1837 to Carl De Geer of Leufsta. After Count De Geer's death in 1861 his son Baltzar von Platen (1804-1875) inherited it, who built the new castle, designed by Danish architect Christian Zwingmann (1827 -1891). Then the estate passed to his daughter Elisabeth von Platen, who married Axel Wachtmeister and later lived at Wanås Castle in Östra Göinge. The property remained in the Wachtmeister family name until 1978, when the current owner Gustav Trolle inherited the estate from his mother, Charlotte (née Wachtmeister).
Kulla Gunnarstorp has traditionally supported Allerums Church (Allerums Kyrka), as the estate is located in the Allerum parish, although Vikens Church (Vikens kyrka) also has occasionally received patronage.
The Kulla Gunnarstorp mill is also a historical landmark outside Hittarp.
# Thawa language

Thawa is a nearly extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales with only very few speakers including certain local elders. It is sometimes classified with Dyirringany as a dialect of Southern Coastal Yuin, though it is not clear how close the two varieties actually were.
In 2015 local Yuin people collaborated with the Tathra Public School in Tathra to create a new app as a teaching aid for both Thawa and the Dhurga language, using old audio recordings of elders as well as documentation created by early explorers and settlers in the region. One of the major contributors to the project, Graham Moore, has also written an Aboriginal language book.
# 2005 Australian Club World Championship Qualifying Tournament

The 2005 Australian Club World Championship Qualifying Tournament was as association football knock-out competition to determine the Australian entrant into the 2005 OFC Club Championship. The tournament consisted of seven teams, being the teams competing in the inaugural A-League season in 2005–06, with the exception of New Zealand Knights.
A standalone tournament was necessary to determine to determine Australia's Oceania Club Championship entrant for the year as there had yet to be any competitive matches for the new A-League clubs. It was to be a one-off competition, with Australia joining the Asian Football Confederation from 2006 onwards, and future continental qualification places determined by teams' performances in the A-League. The competition represented the first competitive matches of any kind for several of the teams. Perth Glory was given a bye in the first round as Champions of the final National Soccer League season.
Sydney FC won the tournament, defeating Central Coast Mariners 1–0 in the final. The final was scheduled to be held at Hindmarsh Stadium in Adelaide but was moved to Express Advocate Stadium in Gosford after two teams based in New South Wales qualified for the game.

## Bracket

| Round 1 (7 May) | Round 1 (7 May) | Semi-finals (11 May) | Semi-finals (11 May) | Finals (15 May) | Finals (15 May) |
| | | Perth Glory | 1 | | |
| | | Sydney FC | 2 | | |
| Sydney FC | 3 | Sydney FC | 2 | | |
| Queensland Roar | 0 | | | | |
| Queensland Roar | 0 | | | Sydney FC | 1 |
| | | | | Central Coast Mariners | 0 |
| Central Coast Mariners (p) | 0 (4) | | | | | Central Coast Mariners | 0 |
| Newcastle Jets | 0 (2) | | | | |
| Newcastle Jets | 0 (2) | Central Coast Mariners | 4 | | |
| | | Adelaide United | 0 | | |
| Adelaide United (p) | 0 (4) | Adelaide United | 0 | | |
| Melbourne Victory | 0 (1) | | | | |

## Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Nik Mrdja | Central Coast Mariners | 3 |
| 2 | David Carney | Sydney FC | 2 |
| 2 | Sasho Petrovski | Sydney FC | 2 |
| 4 | Andrew Packer | Sydney FC | 1 |
| 4 | Stewart Petrie | Central Coast Mariners | 1 |
| 4 | Ufuk Talay | Sydney FC | 1 |
# Kachaghakaberd

Kachaghakaberd (Armenian: Կաչաղակաբերդ, Azerbaijani: Qaxaç qalası) is a mountain-top fortress located between the villages of Kolatak and Khndzristan, in Khojaly District of Azerbaijan.
The Janapar Trail runs very near to the fortress. A short side trail takes to the top of the fortress.

## Etymology

Kachaghakaberd is translated from Armenian as magpie's fortress, a combination of the words կաչաղաք (kachaghak, designating the bird magpie) and բերդ (berd, meaning fortress).

## Architecture

The fortress was an important fortification of the medieval Armenian Principality of Khachen that thrived in the High Middle Ages, and is located at a height of more than 1700 meters, surrounded by vertical limestone cliffs with the heights of 50–60 meters, has a hard-to-reach entrance from the southern side of the fortress. During its history no one could ever storm the fortress. Parts of the defensive walls remain standing.
The territory of the fortress occupies a large area, though it seems small. Many rooms, secret passages cut into the cliffs, and special loopholes for throwing stones at enemies are inside its territory. The water supply problem was solved by a unique method: two rock-cut reservoirs to store rain and melt-water are in the center of the fortress. Fresh water was brought from a spring at the foot of the mountain.

## Gallery

* View of the tower
* View from the tower
* View of Kolatak village from the tower
# Whitaker Brook

Whitaker Brook flows into the West Branch Delaware River by Hale Eddy, New York.
# Heintzichthys

Heintzichthys is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm that lived what is now Europe and North America during the Famennian stage of the Late Devonian period. The type specimen was discovered in the Cleveland Shale near Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States.

## Phylogeny

Heintzichthys is a member of the family Selenosteidae of the clade Aspinothoracidi, which belongs to the clade Pachyosteomorphi, one of the two major clades within Eubrachythoraci. The cladogram below shows the phylogeny of Heintzichthys:
According to a 2022 Jobbins et al. study, Heintzichthys was found to be a sister taxa to Gorgonichthys.
# Harding Street Station

The Harding Street Station (formerly Elmer W. Stout Generating Station) is a 12-unit, 1,196 MW nameplate capacity, gas, coal, and oil-fired generating station located at 3700 S. Harding St., in Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. It is owned by AES Indiana, a subsidiary of AES (formerly known as Indianapolis Power & Light). Completed in 1973, Harding Street Station's tallest chimneys are 565 feet (172 m) in height.

## Environmental impact
### Sulphur dioxide

With its oldest coal-fired unit dating back to 1958, the plant was ranked 12th on the United States list of dirtiest power plants in terms of sulphur dioxide emissions per megawatt-hour of electrical energy produced from coal in 2005.
The new flue gas desulphurization system (FGS), also known as a scrubber, and the new stack are expected to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO$_2$) emissions by 97 percent, and NOx emissions, as well as other pollutants, by some 87 percent.
IPL stopped burning coal at the Harding Street facility in 2016 and retrofitted the units to natural gas.

### Coal ash ponds

On the south side of the former plant is a sequence of unlined coal ash ponds. As of 2019, there were 27 groundwater monitoring wells. Between 2016 and 2019, 24 of these were polluted above federal advisory levels of molybdenum, boron, lithium, sulfate, arsenic, antimony, selenium, and cobalt.
# Kohati

Kohāṭī is a dialect of Punjabi, spoken in the Kohat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is spoken in the city of Kohat as well as in a string of villages running east along the road to Kushalgarh on the Indus. Pashto is the dominant language of the area, to which Kohati has been losing ground at least since independence of Pakistan. Kohati is closely related to the Hindko dialects to the east: Awankari, Chacchi and Ghebi.
It has borrowed words from Pashto to a higher extent than other Hindko dialects. A lexical similarity study based on a 210-item wordlist found out that it shares 79% of its vocabulary with the dialect spoken to the east in the city of Attock, and 76% each with the dialects further east in Talagang Tehsil and Haripur District, as well as the rural dialect spoken immediately north in Peshawar District.

## Phonology

Kohati consonants :
| | Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | (ɲ) | (ŋ) | |
| Plosive | p pʰ b bʱ | t tʰ d dʱ | ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʱ | c cʰ ɟ ɟʱ | k kʰ ɡ ɡʱ | |
| Fricative | f | s z | | ɕ | x (ɣ) | ɦ |
| Rhotic | | r | ɽ | | | |
| Lateral | | l | | | | |
| Approximant | ʋ | | | j | | |
The plosive consonants of Kohati can take four phonation types: voiceless (/p/), aspirated (/pʰ/), voiced (/b/), and voiced aspirated (/bʱ/.
The fricatives /f/, /z/ and /x/ (and to a lesser extent /ɣ) are found in loanwords from Iranian languages, as well as in native words, where they are allophones of the corresponding plosives, normally before other consonants (/axda/ 'saying' vs. /akʰa/ 'said').
Kohati has a single tone: the high-falling (indicated here using a circumflex accent over the vowel: /â/). This tone is present on vowels if they were historically followed by /ɦ/ or by a voiced aspirate: /râ/ 'way' <- /rah/, /ʌ̂dda/ 'half' <- /addʰa/. Voiced aspiration, however, was preserved before a stressed vowel: /bʰɪra/ 'brother'. Kohati shares with other Hindko varieties a historical "spontaneous" aspiration: /hɪk/ 'one', as well as the preservation of the consonant cluster /tr/ at the start of a word: /trʌe/ 'three'.
There are two phonological characteristics which distinguish Kohati from other Hindko varieties. One is the regular loss of nasalisation in rounded vowels at the end of a word (tũ > tu 'you'). The other one is the peculiar realisation of historical -dʒ- as -i-, almost -yy-, in the word ʌi 'today' and in forms of the verb 'to go', for example vʌ̃ie 'let him go' (in contrast respectively to ʌdʒ and vʌɳdʒe in the rest of Hindko).

## Grammar

Kohati has a peculiar distribution of the dative-accusative postposition. As in other Indo-Aryan languages, the form of the noun used before postpositions is the oblique: pʊttʊr 'son' for example has the oblique form pʊtre. To this form Kohati appends the postposition ã to form the dative-accusative: pʊtre ã '(to) the son', which is the pattern found in the rest of Hindko (in contrast to Majhi where the postpostion is nũ or Multani, where it is kũ). But because the oblique form in the plural is also -ã, Kohati avoids the succession of identical vowels by switching to ko in the plural: thus pʊtrã ko '(to) the sons'.
# Eximiorhagada asperrima

Eximiorhagada asperrima is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. This species is endemic to Australia.
# Broken Hill Airport

Broken Hill Airport (IATA: BHQ, ICAO: YBHI) is an airport located 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) southeast of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia.
The airport currently is used as a base of operations for the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia South-Eastern section thus making it a very important hub for this service.
It is also used extensively by the mining industry.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| QantasLink | Sydney |
| Rex Airlines | Adelaide, Dubbo, Griffith, Mildura, Sydney |

## Statistics

Broken Hill Airport was ranked 51st in Australia for the number of revenue passengers served in financial year 2009–2010.
# Gwalior campaign

The Gwalior campaign was fought between the British and Maratha forces in Gwalior in India, December 1843.

## Background

The Maratha Empire had controlled most of central and northern India and but fell to the British in 1818, giving the British control over almost all of the Indian subcontinent. The Maharaja of Gwalior had died and a young child was appointed as the Maharaja with British support. However, Marathas in Gwalior saw the failed British campaign in Afghanistan as an opportunity to regain independence and removed the young Maharaja. Lord Ellenborough, foreseeing the possibility of the Marathas in Gwalior attempting independence had formed the Army of Exercise near Agra. After attempts to negotiate failed, the British advanced in a two-pronged attack. The British, under the command of Gen. Sir Hugh Gough clashed with Maratha forces, under the command of Maharaja Scindia, in two battles on the same day; 29 December 1843.

## Battle of Maharajpur

The Maratha army had 14 battalions, 1,000 artillerymen with 60 guns, and 6,000 cavalry at Maharajpur. The British had the 40th Regiment of Foot with the 2nd and 16th Native Infantry Regiments forming the central column, the 39th Regiment of Foot with the 56th Native Infantry Regiment and a field battery forming the left column and the 16th Lancers with two troops of horse artillery as well as other artillery forming the right column.
The centre column advanced to attack where they believed the main enemy force was located. However, during the night the Marathas had moved and the British were surprised as they came under heavy fire from the Maratha artillery in their new positions. The central column then received the order to take the battery positions, which they did under continuous heavy fire from shot, grape, canister, and chain. The guns were to the south-east of Maharajpore, with two battalions of Maratha troops for each battery, and in Maharajpore with seven battalions for each battery. The British engaged the Marathas in hand-to-hand fighting, both sides taking heavy casualties, and cleared the positions. The Marathas fought hard, and few escaped. The British finally defeated the Marathas, suffering 797 men killed, wounded, or missing. The Marathas were estimated to have lost 3000 to 4000 men.

## Battle of Punniar

The Marathas at Punniar (29 December 1843) numbered about 12,000 men and occupied the high ground near Mangore. As the British Army approached, they immediately attacked the Maratha positions, driving them from the hill.

## Aftermath

After the defeat of the Maratha forces in Gwalior, the British disbanded their army and established a force in the state that the government of Gwalior maintained. A British governor was appointed at Gwalior Fort. The Gwalior Star was awarded to veterans of the campaign.
# Dōjigiri

Dōjigiri (童子切, "Slayer of Shuten-dōji") is a tachi-type Japanese sword that has been identified as a National Treasure of Japan. This sword is one of the "Five Swords Under Heaven" (天下五剣 Tenka-Goken).
Dōjigiri is sometimes called "the yokozuna of all Japanese swords" along with Ōkanehira (ja:大包平) because of its perfection; it is of great historical value as one of the oldest extant katana-type weapons. The quality and the artistic value of the blade is exquisite, it has been kept in good preservation, and the legend tied to the sword is notable.

## Anatomy

The present mounts of the Dojigiri are fine examples of Momoyama-period work in itomaki no tachi style, in which the typical wrapping of the hilt continues along part of the scabbard. The scabbard is decorated in gold nashiji (gold flakes suspended in transparent lacquer) and the metal fittings are of shakudo (a blue-black alloy of copper with a small percentage of gold) worked with a nanako (granulated) ground and bearing the imperial paulownia mon (family badge or crest) in gilt.
It is perhaps the most celebrated of all Japanese swords.

## History

Dōjigiri was presented to Oda Nobunaga, the leading late sixteenth century general (1534-82), by the Ashikaga family. Subsequently it was the property, in turn, of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu. The second Tokugawa shogun, Hidetada, bestowed it on the daimyo Matsudaira Tadanao (1595-1650) of Echizen. After the disgrace and dispossession of the Echizen Matsudaira occasioned by some irregular conduct on the part of Tadanao, the blade passed to the Tsuyama branch of the family.

## Legends

The Kyōhō Era Handbook of Famous Works (Japanese: Kyōhō meibutsuchō) records the legend that this sword was used by the great warrior Minamoto Yorimitsu to bring down the monstrous Shuten Dōji of Mt. Ōe in Tanba, thus earning the epithet of "Dōji-slaying Yasutsuna" (Japanese: Dōjigiri Yasutsuna). The legend of the Shuten Dōji — either a demon or a highwayman — is thought to date to the Muromachi period (1392–1573).
# Mathias Enger Eriksen

Mathias Enger Eriksen (née Mathias Eriksen Ranmark; 16 October 1995) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Moss.

## Career

Ranmark began his senior career in Oppsal in 2013. On 30 June 2017, he signed for Eliteserien club Molde. Ranmark got his Molde debut on 12 August 2017, when, following an injury on first-choice Andreas Linde, he came on as a 62nd minute substitute in an Eliteserien game against Rosenborg. Molde were leading the game 1–0, but eventually lost 2–1 after a mistake from Ranmark on the equalising goal.
In the 2019 season, Ranmark was loaned out to Mjøndalen.
On 6 February 2020, Ranmark was loaned out to 1. divisjon club HamKam.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 22 October 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Oppsal | 2013 | 3. divisjon | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 10 | 0 |
| Oppsal | 2014 | 3. divisjon | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 24 | 0 |
| Oppsal | 2015 | 3. divisjon | 22 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 25 | 0 |
| Oppsal | 2016 | 2. divisjon | 25 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 26 | 0 |
| Oppsal | 2017 | 3. divisjon | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Oppsal | Total | Total | 91 | 0 | 6 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 97 | 0 |
| Molde | 2017 | Eliteserien | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Molde | 2018 | Eliteserien | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Molde | Total | Total | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Mjøndalen (loan) | 2019 | Eliteserien | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| HamKam (loan) | 2020 | 1. divisjon | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Moss (loan) | 2021 | 2. divisjon | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 12 | 0 |
| Moss | 2022 | 2. divisjon | 25 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 27 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 136 | 0 | 10 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 146 | 0 |
# Luan Zhegu

Luan Zhegu (Albanian:; born 21 September 1949) is an Albanian singer and songwriter.

## Life and career

Luan Zhegu was born on 21 September 1949 in Tirana. His first steps into music at age 12, playing the nightingale in the Viktor Gjoka [sq] operetta Bilbili dhe kanarina ("The Nightingale and the Canary"), with music from Llazar Morcka. After playing a few other operettas during the time he left singing and focused on percussion, later playing the drums at age 17 for the Tirana Circus for two years. In 1969, after refusing to train as an officer he was sent in the marines, staying at the military base in Pasha Liman, near Orikum. There he created his first composition with an accordion, titled Vajza dhe deti ("The Girl and the Sea").
His first foray into Festivali i Këngës came in the 1975 edition, winning the second prize with the song Shokët ("The Friends"), with music by Shaqir Kodra and lyrics from Betim Muço. He participated in multiple editions of the competition both as a singer and as a composer, winning two first prizes as the latter in 1983 and 1998. The winning songs Vajzë moj, lule moj and Mirësia dhe e vërteta were performed by Tonin Tërshana and Albërie Hadërgjonaj respectively.

## Selected songs

* Kompozitori dhe fëmijët
* Bashkë me fëmijët
* A do të vish
* Kur jemi bashkë të dy
* Të dua ty
* E doni dashurinë
* Zemrat det i gjerë
* Vij drejt teje
* E parandjej
* Bashkë me vitet
* Djepi i trimërisë
* Kudo je ti
* Shokët
* Ditët që na presin
* Këngët e rinisë
# Megadolomedes

Megadolomedes is a genus of spider in the family Dolomedidae found in Eastern Australia. They are found near creeks, streams, and ponds, and are capable of running on water. Their diet includes small fish, frogs, and aquatic insects.

## Species

As of January 2025, it contains 4 species:
* Megadolomedes australianus (L. Koch, 1865) (type) – New South Wales
* Megadolomedes johndouglasi Raven & Hebron, 2018 – Tasmania, Victoria
* Megadolomedes nord Raven & Hebron, 2018 – Queensland
* Megadolomedes trux (Lamb, 1911) – New South Wales, Queensland