# List of zamindari estates in Madras Presidency

Zamindaris were established in the Madras Presidency by the government of the British East India Company starting from 1799 onwards. These settlements were established in order to delineate authority to landlords and thereby relieve the ryot from the control of middlemen who often exploited them. Often, these zamindars were Indian Native princes who lost their sovereignty due to British expansion. The zamindari settlement was based on a similar settlement established in Bengal. The Zamindari settlement of Madras was largely unsuccessful and was wrapped up in 1852. However, a few Zamindaris remained till India's independence in 1947.

## Land proprietorship in Madras Presidency

The colonial Madras Presidency comprised an area of 148,796 square miles (385,380 km$^2$), of which 141,705 square miles (367,010 km$^2$) were under direct British rule, while the rest was distributed amongst the princely states. In the areas administered by the British, three systems of land proprietorship existed: zamindaris, inams and ryotwaris.
In 1911, zamindari estates covered 26 million acres (110,000 km$^2$) and occupied over one-fourth of the total area of the presidency. In 1945-46, there were 20,945,456 acres (84,763.25 km$^2$) of Zamindari estates which yielded a revenue of 97,83,167 Rupees and 58,904,798 acres (238,379.26 km$^2$) of ryotwari lands which yielded a revenue of Rs. 7,26,65,330.

## Zamindaris from 1799 to 1852

The zamindari system was introduced in the Madras Presidency in 1799 in the aftermath of the defeat of the Polygars in the Polygar Wars.

## Zamindaris in 1877-1920

In 1877, C. D.Maclean made a survey of the existing zamindaris under the jurisdiction of Madras Presidency. As per this survey, a few of these zamindaris were larger than some of the smaller princely states in the Presidency. The largest of these were Jeypore Estate which was the largest amongst all zamindaris in the Presidency with an area of 12,000 square miles (31,000 km$^2$), Vizianagaram with 2,970 square miles (7,700 km$^2$), Ramnad, Ganapur and Sivaganga, Ramnad and Sivaganga being demoted princely states, were larger in size than the princely states of Cochin or Pudukkottai. Ramnad, the larger of the two, covered an area of 2,351 square miles (6,090 km$^2$), and was second only to Travancore amongst princely states in Madras Presidency. Karvatinuggur, Kalahasti, Nuzvid, Poonganur, Paralekhemidi and Podile and Darsi divisions of Venkatagiri were larger in size than the princely state of Banganapalle while Virasanapettah, Arni estate and Kanguni were larger than Sandur.
List of zamindaris in Madras Presidency in the year 1877 :
| Zamindari | Area (in square miles) | Population in 1877 | Revenue paid to the Madras government in 1877 (in rupees) |
| Chengalpattu district ||||
| Kayapakkam | 2 | 670 | |
| Ellimbedu | | | 1,066 |
| Nemmili | | | 848 |
| Karamthangal | | | 148 |
| Bunanthangal | | | 152 |
| Keevaloor | | | 530 |
| Belayanoor | | | 159 |
| Palanallore | | | 455 |
| Thathanur | | | 118 |
| Bhimapuram | | | 102 |
| Vayaloor | | | 1,085 |
| Periveli | | | 458 |
| Magayur | | | 1,752 |
| Isoor | | | 658 |
| Irumbedu | | | 239 |
| Amayampattu | | | 28 |
| Vichoor | | | 123 |
| Vilangansor | | | 132 |
| Perla Velikadu | | | 146 |
| Vettur | | | 320 |
| Saravabakam | | | 225 |
| Othevilakam | | | 235 |
| Karimbakam | | | 210 |
| Vembanur | | | 321 |
| Panayur | | | 244 |
| Vilangadu | | | 297 |
| Puthukuppam | | | 46 |
| Keelakandai | | | 177 |
| Sinna Velikadu | | | 193 |
| Venmalagram | | | 102 |
| Sirulakatoor | | | 44 |
| Pondur | | | 3,693 |
| Torayur | | | 147 |
| Sirumayllor | | | 446 |
| Andarkuppam | | | 363 |
| Chithur | | | 165 |
| Thundan Vellery | | | 117 |
| Mambakam | | | 205 |
| Kalputtu | | | 121 |
| Agarum | | | 565 |
| Coimbatore district ||||
| Oothocooly | | | 4,393 |
| Samattur and Kottampatty | | | 1683, 1860, 4200 |
| Avalappampatty | | | 2804 |
| Poravipolliem | | | 1436 |
| Negamam | | | 2480 |
| Metrathy | | | 1966 |
| Thoongary | | | 848 |
| Myvady | | | 561 |
| Jothampatty | | | 146 |
| Vedapatty | | | 146 |
| Andipatty | | | 5,166 |
| Mooloor and Okinium | | | 2,236 |
| Sattiagalam | | | .... |
| Ganjam district ||||
| Akkayavalasa | 1 | 788 | 278 |
| Asika | 3.56 | 7,712 | 4,857 |
| Athgarh | 149.37 | 77,228 | 60,000 |
| Baruva | 10.25 | 8,454 | 7,800 |
| Beddam | 1.75 | 217 | 89 |
| Belamarapalavalasa | 2.33 | 855 | |
| Beridi | 14.75 | 10,960 | 4,500 |
| Budharsinghi | 4.25 | 3,244 | 500 |
| Chackipalli | 0.75 | 1,018 | 869 |
| Chikiti | 64.5 | 40,789 | 34,000 |
| Chinnakemidi (Sana Khemundi) | 55.31 | 29,849 | 20,000 |
| Chinnatangam | 7.43 | 395 | 424 |
| Chittivalasa | 1 | 5,698 | 2,074 |
| Danta | 4.06 | 3,220 | 3,309 |
| Dharakot (Dharakote) | 50.25 | 31,262 | 25,000 |
| Davabhumi | 4 | 3,539 | 5,188 |
| Gopalpur | 1,171 | 5,165 | 3,699 |
| Jalantar | 25.5 | 18,450 | 7,000 |
| Jarada | 9 | 5,813 | 1,002 |
| Jarangi | 2.75 | 2,336 | 1,002 |
| Jonnupada | 0.31 | 138 | 93 |
| Khallikot | 84 | 42,589 | 19,000 |
| Karakavalasa | 9.06 | 7,795 | 4,048 |
| Konsalacuttur | 0.33 | 574 | 393 |
| Kurla | 3.75 | 5,457 | 5,455 |
| Lusaram | 0.75 | 320 | 332 |
| Malgam | 1.56 | 916 | 572 |
| Mandasa | 35.75 | 34,508 | 14,000 |
| Mungatavalasa | 5.75 | 3,695 | 4,048 |
| Palur | 16.31 | 4,173 | 553 |
| Paralekhemedi | 451.5 | 252,391 | 82,139 |
| Pedda Khimedi (Bada Khemundi) | 78.43 | 40,810 | 23,500 |
| Peddatangam | 0.31 | 564 | 424 |
| Rajapur | 0.18 | 266 | 76 |
| Santalaksimipur | 7.06 | 485 | 1,192 |
| Seddibeharakuttur | 0.25 | 109 | 103 |
| Seerghar (Sheragada) | 20.75 | 9,595 | 5,500 |
| Srikurmana (part of Vizianagaram) | 17.75 | 16,927 | Included in Vizianagaram |
| Sorada | 46 | 15,324 | 4,000 |
| Surangi | 14.75 | 12,919 | 3,500 |
| Talasamudram | 1.37 | 923 | 2,383 |
| Takkali Estates | 61.56 | 58,054 | 49,088 |
| Tallavalasa | 0.37 | 387 | 424 |
| Tarla | 28.75 | 24,639 | 4,000 |
| Tarlepatta | 0.75 | 388 | 256 |
| Tilaru | 15.75 | 6,180 | 3,654 |
| Towdam | 2.5 | 1,030 | 686 |
| Urlam | 14.5 | 11,061 | 13,582 |
| Yellamanchilli | 1 | 643 | 654 |
| Godavary district ||||
| Pittapore | 188 | 79,606 | 3,41,627 |
| Polavaram | 292 | 58,274 | 43,210 |
| Kolanka | | | 14350 |
| Tuni | 376 | 50,201 | 26429 |
| Dommeru | 240 | 35,001 | |
| Annavarapu Peta | | | 3895 |
| Kapileswara Puram | | | 8765 |
| Undrajavaram | | | 630 |
| Kotipally | | | Peskash in the Vizianagaram Zamindari |
| Uppada and Aminbada | | | 673 |
| Nidadavolu and Barhajhally | | | 1,19,346 |
| Ambarapet | | | 16,097 |
| Vegayammapeta | | | 8362 |
| Tangellmudi | | | 5143 |
| Bhimolu | | | 3031 |
| Anumullanka | | | 611 |
| Singanagudem | | | 46 |
| Vilasa | | | 1440 |
| Janupalle | | | 218 |
| Jalimudi | | | 277 |
| Telikicherla | | | 962 |
| Gundepalli | | | 962 |
| Panangipalli | | | 737 |
| Sirasavilli Savaram | | | 300 |
| Bantumilli | | | 200 |
| Mukkamala | | | 107 |
| Jaggampet | | | 33,072 |
| Dontamuru | | | 3248 |
| Rayavaram | | | 1998 |
| Viravaram | | | 26876 |
| Palivela | | | 19,240 |
| Kirlampudi | | | 23,382 |
| Gopalapuram | | | 18,540 |
| Elamanchili | | | 8,823 |
| Chinchinada | | | 1647 |
| China Mamidipalli | | | 255 |
| Neredumilli | | | 445 |
| Vardhanani | | | 532 |
| Dhumantigudem | | | 142 |
| Gollaprolu | | | 11,567 |
| Kesanakuru | | | 11,574 |
| Vasantavada | | | 7,349 |
| Narayanapuram | | | 2,948 |
| Malakacherla | | | 1,495 |
| Daddipudi | | | 378 |
| Gutala | | | 6,749 |
| Mungondapalem | | | 545 |
| Chidipi | | | 1,671 |
| Peddeham | | | 2,628 |
| Tirugudumetta | | | 1,856 |
| Injeram | | | 3,217 |
| Pattesam | | | 2,282 |
| Prakkilanka | | | 1,822 |
| Vangalapudi | | | 3,817 |
| Viravillipalem | | | 3,534 |
| Nadavapalli | | | 3,129 |
| Tyajampudi | | | 2,791 |
| Kurukuru | | | 1,482 |
| Billumilli | | | 1,619 |
| Lakkavaram | | | 2,643 |
| Jangareddigudem | | | 499 |
| Dharmavaram | | | 2402 |
| Krapa | | | 2,385 |
| Malakapalli | | | 2,282 |
| Katavaram | | | 2,135 |
| Yadavolu | | | 2,161 |
| Konitivada | | | 2,004 |
| Borrampalem | | | 1,038 |
| Vegavaram | | | 787 |
| Gavuripatnam | | | 1,853 |
| Murumanda | | | 1,850 |
| Anatavaram | | | 1,763 |
| Magam | | | 1,746 |
| Yernagudem | | | 1,725 |
| Vunkaramilli alias Ravimetta | | | 1,630 |
| Kalavalapalli | | | 1346 |
| Pativala Gurajanapalli | | | 1,296 |
| Mallavaram | | | 947 |
| Johurullabada alias Hukumpeta | | | 1,401 |
| Buchampeta | | | 738 |
| Gangolu | | | 1,264 |
| Vella | | | 1,240 |
| Bayyanagudem | | | 1,006 |
| Potukurru | | | 210 |
| Bommuru | | | 853 |
| Guttinadeevi | | | 776 |
| Kondagudem | | | 753 |
| Petta | | | 583 |
| Viravaram | | | 554 |
| Dandangi | | | 551 |
| Surasaniyanam | | | 529 |
| Nilapalli | | | 479 |
| Nandigudem | | | 390 |
| Nallamillipadu | | | 203 |
| Gavaravaram | | | 145 |
| jagannadhapuram | | | 117 |
| Pydimetta | | | 110 |
| Vadlapattanam | | | 86 |
| Tirumanagudem | | | 64 |
| Mansubdari of Godavari district ||||
| Thotapalle Estate | | | 6,310 |
| Bhadrachalam and Rakapalli | 505 | 27,695 | 21,090 |
| Bollineni | | | ..... |
| Kistna district ||||
| Nuzvid Estate | 561 | 107,465 | 1,08,221 |
| Virsanapettah | 257 | 55,662 | 20,829 |
| Challapalli | | | |
| Chintalapati Vantu | | | 17,500 |
| Chevendra | | | 4,776 |
| Chanubanda | | | 1.357 |
| Mylavaram Muttah 1.25 vantu | | | 4,858 |
| Mylavaram Muttah 1 vantu | | | 3,887 |
| Vutukur Muttah | | | 2,156 |
| Half of Tiruvur Muttah | | | 2,117 |
| Yenagadapa Muttah | | | 1,236 |
| Half og Gumpalagudem Muttah | | | 1,295 |
| Western part of Gumpalagudem muttah | | | 1,291 |
| Munagala Paragana | | | 4,572 |
| Vallur South | | | 20,493 |
| Gudur Paragana | | | 35,988 |
| Pinagudur Lanka | | | 319 |
| Kruttiventi South | | | 2,910 |
| Balliparru | | | 459 |
| Kuchipudy | | | 229 |
| Narayanagudem | | | 138 |
| Other Half of Tiruur muttah | | | 2219 |
| Kalagara | | | 812 |
| Putrela | | | 510 |
| Kondur and Kmbhampad | | | 507 |
| Kokilampad | | | 75 |
| Pengollu | | | 1,262 |
| Munukulla | | | 71 |
| Komera Muttah | | | 703 |
| Lingagiri Pragana | | | 486 |
| Devarapally | | | 451 |
| Rayavaram | | | 908 |
| China Gollapalem | | | 238 |
| Chitti Gudur | | | 524 |
| Madura district ||||
| Ammayanayakkanur | 100 | | 11,606 |
| Ramnad | 2,351 | 504,131 | 3,38,686 |
| Sivaganga | 1,557 | 434,253 | 2,88,317 |
| Paliembatti | | | 13,544 |
| Pandalgudi | | | 11,136 |
| Rettiembadi | | | 11,978 |
| Velur | | | 10,563 |
| Velliagundam Taluk | | | 2,183 |
| Sirupaly | | | 903 |
| Puliengolum | | | 1,931 |
| Jotilanaikanoor | | | 1,070 |
| Woodapanaiknoor | | | 2,583 |
| Thoddappanaiknoor | | | 2,179 |
| Keelacottai | | | 480 |
| Nadukottai | | | 773 |
| Melaycottai | | | 910 |
| Perayoor | | | 11,857 |
| Sappattor | | | 8,813 |
| Santhayoor | | | 3,697 |
| Yeloomalai | | | 3,612 |
| Bodinaiknoor | | | 15,347 |
| Gantamanaiknoor | | | 13,414 |
| Tevaram | | | 1,100 |
| Yerasackanaiknoor | | | 2,061 |
| Kannivady | | | 38,120 |
| Ayagudy | | | 16,785 |
| Yedayacottai | | | 7,000 |
| Mambaray | | | 1,500 |
| Nellore district ||||
| Venkatagiri | | | 3,77,085 |
| Darsi division | 488 | 73,139 | Revenue included under Venkatagiri |
| Podile division | 405 | 62,934 | Revenue included under Venkatagiri |
| Chundi | | | 21,219 |
| Mutyalpad | | | 2,000 |
| North Arcot district ||||
| Arni Jagir(e) | 170 | 77,679 | 5,933 |
| Kalahasti | 602 | 135,104 | 1,76,816 |
| Kangundi | 179 | 52,047 | 22,959 |
| Karvetinagar | 634 | 289,894 | 1,80,495 |
| Punganur Estate | 524 | 109,282 | 66,859 |
| Pulicherla Polliem | | | 5,580 |
| Bungari Polliem | | | 11,643 |
| Gudipati | | | 2,849 |
| Thummba Polliem | | | 1,783 |
| Kallur Polliem | | | 4,097 |
| Naraganti Polliem | | | 6,553 |
| Karakambodi Polliem | | | ..... |
| Krishnapuram Polliem | | | ... |
| Tanjore district ||||
| Poraiyar Nadar's estate | | | |
| Kabisthalam estate | | | |
| Kadalangudi estate | | | |
| Kunniyur estate | > 24 | | |
| Poondi estate | > 24 | | |
| Ukkadai estate | > 24 | | |
| Koonampatti | | | |
| Vadapadimangalam estate | > 24 | | |
| Gandharvakottai estate | | | 6,577 |
| Sillathur | | | 2,165 |
| Palayavanam | | | 3,767 |
| Singavanam | | | 3,261 |
| Mudukkur | | | 2,461 |
| Nedvasal | | | 2,067 |
| Sandangudi | | | 2,046 |
| Kallakottai | | | 1,701 |
| Padaramkottai | | | 1,309 |
| Attivette | | | 913 |
| Konur | | | 433 |
| Punavasal | | | 350 |
| Tirunelveli district ||||
| Alagapuri | 5.2 | 2,452 | |
| Avudyapuram | 13.36 | 6,960 | |
| Ettaiyapuram | 527.47 | 140,108 | |
| Kollapatti | 20.4 | 7,530 | |
| Jennalkudi | 11.34 | 3,532 | |
| Kadambur | 25.8 | 7,590 | |
| Kollakondan | 1.35 | 9,021 | |
| Kulattur | 15.27 | 4,903 | |
| Mannarkottai | 21.16 | 13,900 | |
| Maniachi | 15 | 3,190 | |
| Melmandai | 34.1 | 4,460 | |
| pithapuram | 101.48 | 14,034 | 56789 |
| Setthur | 91.44 | 11,916 | |
| Singampatti | 110.38 | 16,295 | |
| Sivagiri | 122.38 | 49,531 | |
| Surandei | 1.34 | 2,580 | |
| Sivagalai | 14.37 | | |
| Talavankottai | 6.14 | 3,117 | |
| Thenkalam | | | .... |
| Uurkad | 3.32 | 3,903 | |
| Uthumalai | 124.49 | 31,541 | |
| Trichinopoly district ||||
| Udayarpalayam | | | 642 |
| Thoriyur | | | 700 |
| Marungapuri | | | 20,586 |
| Kadavur | | | 13,410 |
| Kattuputtoor | | | 15,901 |
| Ariyalur | | | 700 |
| Vizagapatam district ||||
| Anakapalli | 597 | 143,549 | - |
| Bimlipatam | 243 | 113,079 | - |
| Bobbili Estate | 333 | 140,739 | - |
| Chepudipalli | 615 | 162,827 | - |
| Gajapatinagarum | 276 | 121,758 | - |
| Golaconda | 874 | 26,720 | 1,02,374 |
| Hill tracts of Golconda and Viravalli | 500 | 15,880 | - |
| Jeypore Estate | 12000 | 405700 | N. A. |
| Kurupam | 800 | 80,034 | 2,50,000 |
| Salur | 222 | 77,006 | - |
| Vavilavalasa and Siripuram | 440.30 | 33,006 | - |
| Sarvasiddi | 960 | 129,185 | 1,90,595 |
| Serungavarapukota | 318 | 130,362 | - |
| Viravalli | 688 | 166,184 | - |
| Visakhapatnam | 216 | 90,467 | - |
| Gubbi Samasthanam | 94684 | 236,789 | 10,93,567 |
| Vizianagaram | 2,970 | 149,920 | - |
| Source:MaClean, C. D. (1877). Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency. Government of Madras. pp. 419–434. ||||

## Other zamindaris

This is a list of other zamindaris which were either not included in MaClean's list or were non-existent at the time of the enumeration.
| Zamindari | District |
| Ammayanayakannur | |
| Anegundi Raj | |
| Amudala Kalva Estate | |
| Bodinaickanur | |
| Chinna Merangi | |
| Panyam estate | |
| Manchuru Estate | |
| Gannavaram | East Godavari |
| Dharmavaram Estate | West Godavari |
| Ramakrishnarajuvari Peta | |
| Thotapalle Mansabdari | East Godavari |
| Rekapalle Estate | East Godavari |
| Kalavalapalli | West Godavari |
| Nandigama, Jaggampeta, Part thereof Annadevarapeta |
* His Highness Maharaja Sir Raja Sri Ravu Svetachalapati Venkatesh Srinivasa Ranga Rao Bahadur of Gubbi (1881-1921)
* His Highness Maharaja Sir Vikram Dev III Bahadur of Jeypore
* HH Raja P. V. Bheemasena Rao of Panyam, Andhra Pradesh
* Raja Vogeti Ramakrishnayya of Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh
* Portrait of Rao Venkata Kumara Maheepati SuryaRao
* Raja Rangayya Apparao Zamindar of Kapileswarapuram