# Maykop

Maykop is the capital city of Adygea, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River. It borders Maykopsky District, from which it is administratively and municipally independent, to the east and south; Giaginsky District to the north, and Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai to the west.
Population: 143,385 (2021 Census); 144,249 (2010 Census); 156,931 (2002 Census); 148,608 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

The city gave its name to the early Bronze Age Maykop culture after the discovery of a royal burial site there in 1897.
Following the establishment of a military camp in 1825, the Imperial Russian Army built a military fort at Maykop in 1857.
In 1910 oil deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Maykop. The city was the administrative center of the Maykopsky Otdel of the Kuban Oblast.
In 1936, Maykop and the surrounding region merged with Adyghe Autonomous Oblast and became the administrative centre of the autonomy. The Wehrmacht occupied Maykop on 10 August 1942 without a fight as a result of a Brandenburger commando operation. German attempts to re-start oil production in the scorched-earth area proved only minimally successful. On 29 January 1943, the Transcaucasian Front of the Red Army re-took the town.
Since 1991 Maykop has served as the capital of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation.

## Economy

The discovery of extensive underground oil reserves has made Maykop a major centre for oil extraction for the Soviet Union and, subsequently, Russia. Other economically important sectors are food processing and the timber industry.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight rural localities, incorporated as Maykop Republican Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. It has the following rural localities under its jurisdiction:
* khutor of Gaverdovsky
* stanitsa of Khanskaya
* khutor of Kosinov
* settlement of Podgorny
* settlement of Rodnikovy
* settlement of Severny
* khutor of Vesyoly
* settlement of Zapadny
As a municipal division, Maykop Republican Urban Okrug is incorporated as Maykop Urban Okrug.

## Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Maykop (2010):
| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
| Russians | 96 119 | 71,29% |
| Adyghe | 26 584 | 18,19% |
| Armenians | 4 085 | 3,03% |
| Ukrainians | 2 537 | 1,88% |
| Cherkess | 1 812 | 1,34% |
| Tatars | 895 | 0,66% |
| Belarusians | 530 | 0,39% |
| Chechens | 448 | 0,33% |
| Azerbaijanis | 339 | 0,25% |
| Caucasus Greeks | 312 | 0,23% |
| Kabardians | 246 | 0,18% |
| Georgians | 241 | 0,18% |
| Germans | 235 | 0,17% |
| Romani | 201 | 0,15% |
| Ingush | 155 | 0,11% |
| Ossetians | 152 | 0,11% |
| Abkhaz | 136 | 0,10% |
| Uzbeks | 102 | 0,08% |
| Others | 1 757 | 1,30% |
Ethnic groups in Maykop (2020):
| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
| Russians | 84 913 | 59,22% |
| Adyghe | 20 339 | 14,18% |
| Cherkess | 5 750 | 4,01% |
| Armenians | 3 242 | 2,26% |
| Ukrainians | 925 | 0,65% |
| Tatars | 556 | 0,39% |
| Turkmens | 461 | 0,32% |
| Chechens | 363 | 0,25% |
| Azerbaijanis | 302 | 0,21% |
| Others | 26 534 | 18,31% |

## Education

Maykop is home to the Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological University. There are also several facilities of professional education in Maykop. There are many schools. For example, Adyghe Republican Gymnasium which is located near the mosque, the theatre and the park of friendship. It has 11 grades. There are many rules: students must wear a uniform, girls must have pony tails or braids. The school has five buildings. There is a sports hall where students play basketball and volleyball. There is also a football pitch where boys play football. A canteen is a separate building.

## Geography
### Climate

Maykop lies within the humid subtropical climate zone (Cfa), according to the Köppen climate classification, or just within the humid continental climate (Dfa) zone according to the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm.
Climate data for Maykop (1991-2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) | 1.5 (34.7) | 6.1 (43.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 18.2 (64.8) | 12.4 (54.3) | 6.1 (43.0) | 2 (36) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58 (2.3) | 47 (1.9) | 62 (2.4) | 59 (2.3) | 87 (3.4) | 98 (3.9) | 62 (2.4) | 64 (2.5) | 77 (3.0) | 86 (3.4) | 71 (2.8) | 64 (2.5) | 835 (32.8) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 9 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 98 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 89 | 114 | 141 | 196 | 244 | 273 | 312 | 292 | 222 | 167 | 119 | 85 | 2,254 |
| Source: Гидрометцентр России ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Maykop :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) | 5.8 (42.4) | 11.0 (51.8) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.2 (79.2) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 17.6 (63.7) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.9 (44.4) | 17.2 (62.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) | 1.3 (34.3) | 5.7 (42.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 16.8 (62.2) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.3 (72.1) | 18.1 (64.6) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 2.8 (37.0) | 11.8 (53.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) | −3.3 (26.1) | 0.4 (32.7) | 6.9 (44.4) | 11.0 (51.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 16.0 (60.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 6.3 (43.3) | 2.8 (37.0) | −1.3 (29.7) | 6.4 (43.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 60 (2.4) | 41 (1.6) | 51 (2.0) | 58 (2.3) | 73 (2.9) | 89 (3.5) | 70 (2.8) | 58 (2.3) | 62 (2.4) | 66 (2.6) | 75 (3.0) | 69 (2.7) | 772 (30.4) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 27.0 (10.6) | 11.1 (4.4) | 10.2 (4.0) | 0.9 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.2) | 6.7 (2.6) | 15.8 (6.2) | 72.3 (28.4) |
| Average precipitation days | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 94 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 76 | 71 | 65 | 69 | 68 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 73 | 75 | 79 | 71 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Source 1: worldweather.org ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather2visit(Humidity) World Weather Online(Snowfall-UV 2009-2023) ||||||||||||||
February 15, 2010 saw Maykop record the absolute maximum for any winter month in Russia: 23.4 °C or 74.1 °F.

## Military

On the south side of the city, alongside the Belaya River is the military complex housing the 131st Motor Rifle Brigade of the Southern Military District of the Russian Armed Forces which took part in the First Chechen War.

## Notable people

* Nikita Kucherov, professional ice hockey player
* Anton Nemkin, politician, entrepreneur and racing driver