OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lower Erebus Hut

The Lower Erebus Hut (LEH) is a permanent field facility located on Mount Erebus on Ross Island, Antarctica. The hut served as the seasonal base of the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory (MEVO), run by New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NMT). The installation comprises two huts, one kitchen and recreation building and one working and storage building.
The site supports studies of Mount Erebus, an active volcano with an exposed lava lake, and formations created by it such as ice caves.

## History

The permanent LEH was built in November 1992 as a replacement for the Upper hut and other semi-permanent Jamesway huts.
In the 2010s, the facility was used to test the PUFFER robot for exploration of Erebus's ice caves.

## Location

LEH is located on the northern side of Mount Erebus within its caldera rim. The location facilitates trips to the crater rim where the volcano's persistent lava lake is visible.
The Hut is at over 11,000 feet altitude, and supplies can be brought in by helicopter.

## Science

Major support for all operations at LEH are conducted through McMurdo Station run by a division of NSF, the United States Antarctic Program (USAP).
LEH is used as a base of operations for the monitoring of Mt Erebus, other scientific studies, and maintenance of such equipment. The work force at LEH, which is composed of senior research scientists, professors and graduate students, maintains both scientific and logistical equipment on the mountain. Past research has included gaseous emission concentration, composition and flux as well as thermal image stills, visible and IR video, seismic, and infrasonic studies of the volcano.
# Miguel Oquelí Bustillo

Miguel Oquelí Bustillo (25 February 1856 – 8 April 1938) was President of Honduras for two months (as Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta) 25 February – 18 April 1907.
Oquelí came to power in a revolution backed by José Santos Zelaya and the government of Nicaragua to oust the previous Honduran president, Manuel Bonilla. This action caught the attention of the United States. U.S. forces landed marines at Puerto Cortés to protect the commercial interests of American banana companies. This chain of events led to the 1907 Central American Peace Conference.
He was the President of National Congress of Honduras in 1923.
# International Biographical Centre

The International Biographical Centre was a publisher owned by Melrose Press Ltd that specializes in producing biographical publications, such as the Dictionary of International Biography, Great Men and Women of Science and other vanity awards. It is situated in Ely, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom.
Government consumer advocates have described it as a "scam" or as "pretty tacky". Its use to support the granting of a US O-1 visa (for individuals with an extraordinary ability) has been described by US employer Oracle Corporation as purchasing "vanity accolades" to use as "phony credentials", with a warning that "visa fraud is a serious crime" with severe penalties.
In 2007, referring to the International Biographical Centre, the American Biographical Institute and Marquis Who's Who, Jan Margosian, consumer information coordinator for the Oregon Department of Justice, warned consumers to be wary and called the companies "pretty tacky", adding "I don't know why they would put you in there if they weren't hoping to get you to buy the book.. "You truly have to look at how they are marketing and what the spin is. It's something you might want to watch out for."

## Activity

When it was still in business, the International Biographical Centre created "awards" and offered them widely. In 2004, an award was said to cost the recipient US$495 or £295, but in 2010 the cost could be as high as $395 for a Commemorative Medal or US$440 for a laminated certificate.
The Department of Commerce of the Government of Western Australia classified the Centre's offers as a scam and said:
    "The material promoting the International Biographical Centre creates a false impression about the credentials of the organisation. It also wrongly implies that the receiver of the letter has been picked through a special research process considering their work and qualifications."
It quoted blog users who describe the publications as a "Who’s Who of gullible people".

## Biographical reference books

* 2000 Outstanding Europeans of the 21st Century
* 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 20th Century
* 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century
* 2000 Outstanding Scientists - 2010
* The Cambridge Blue Book
* Dictionary of International Biography
* Great Men and Women of Science
* International Who's Who in Music
* Men of achievement
* Outstanding People of the 20th Century
* Outstanding People of the 21st Century
* Outstanding Scientists of the 21st Century
* Who’s Who in the 21st Century
* World Who's Who of Women
# Võlsi

Võlsi is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in Estonia.
# Aleksandr Shubin (historian)

Alexander Vladlenovich Shubin (Russian: Александр Владленович Шубин; born July 18, 1965, in Moscow) is a Russian historian and politician. Doctor of Sciences in Historical Sciences (2000), Professor at the State Academic University for the Humanities (since 2003) and the Russian State University for the Humanities (since 2007). He's also Principal Researcher at the Federal State Institution of Science Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
He graduated from the Moscow State Pedagogical University in 1989. He served in the Soviet Air Forces.
From 1989 he worked at the Federal State Institution of Science Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
He is the author more than 25 books.
# Homs massacre

%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete
#REDIRECT 2012 Homs offensive
# National Peasant Alliance

The National Peasant Alliance (Romanian: Alianța Național Țărănistă, ANȚ or, alternatively, Romanian: Țărăniștii) is a political party in Romania which was founded in November 2019 by Radu Ghidău (the youngest elected MP on behalf of PNȚ-CD during the 1996–2000 legislature) as an alternative to the PNȚ-CD then and currently led by Aurelian Pavelescu.
So far, it solely competed in the 2020 Romanian local elections, where it most notably scored modest results in Bucharest. The National Peasant Alliance (ANȚ) is currently an extra-parliamentary political party given the fact that it did not compete for the previous 2020 Romanian legislative election. Nonetheless, it did compete in the 2020 Romanian local elections, the latest Romanian local elections, where it only won 12 local councillors.

## History

At the point of its foundation (namely in November 2019), ANȚ was described as a modern political party by founding member Tudorel Chesoi (who is one of the incumbent vice-presidents of the party as well), stating at the same time that "Pavelescu and Țapliuc [i.e. the head of PNȚ-CD Constanța local branch] don't exist".
The party was established by former longtime old PNȚ-CD members who found themselves in opposition against the leadership of Pavelescu and who also expressed disdain over the alignment of PNȚ-CD towards the PSD in 2019 for that year's European Parliament election as well for the presidential election, at which Pavelescu formally supported ex-Prime Minister Viorica Dăncilă.
Subsequently, the party proceeded to competing in the 2020 Romanian local elections, in the wake of which they have gained 12 local councillor seats nationwide. Nonetheless, the ANȚ did not eventually compete for the 2020 Romanian legislative election which still took place during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. Therefore, it is a microparty.

## Electoral sign

The electoral sign of the National Peasant Alliance (ANȚ) is the flaming torch.

## Leadership

As of November 2021, the ANȚ has the following leadership: Radu Ghidău (President), Florin Alecu Diaconu (First Vice-president), Horia Valerian Radocea (General secretary), Dragoș Corvin Oncescu (Vice-president), Tudorel Chesoi (Vice-president), Claudiu Dan Iamandi (Vice-president). In addition, there are two alternate members (Romanian: Membrii supleanți), more specifically Marian Voicu and Victor Steharu.
# Eric Ayiah

Eric Ayiah (born 6 March 2000) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a winger or forward for Portuguese club Felgueiras. He is a former captain of the Ghana U17 Team. He was included in The Guardian's "Next Generation 2017".

## Early and personal life

Ayiah attended Fomena T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High for his secondary school education. Whilst playing for the Ghana U17 team, Ayiah wore the number 6 jersey as a tribute to Ghana's Independence Day; 6 March, which is coincidentally also his birthday.

## Club career

Ayiah started his career in his native Ghana with lower-tier side Charity Stars at the age of ten. He rose through the ranks till he was promoted to the senior team who played in the Ghana Division Two League. In August 2018, he secured a move to AS Monaco after his exploits with the Ghana U17 team at both the 2017 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations and 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He signed a five-year deal with the club.
He was linked with several clubs including Porto, AC Milan and Anderlecht of which he apparently rejected their offers and signed for Monaco.
On 1 September 2022, Ayiah signed a three-year contract with Primeira Liga club Gil Vicente.
On 4 October 2023, after terminating his contract with Gil Vicente, Ayiah signed a two-year contract with Liga 3 side Trofense.

## International career

Ayiah was the captain for the Ghanaian youth team, the Black Starlets, the Ghana U17 Team.
He served and played as captain at the 2017 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations where he came up as second top scorer to clinch the silver boot after scoring four goals and guided the Black Starlets to the silver medal at the competition. He also played in the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He was included in Goal's 10 players to watch out of for at the World Cup. He went he score three goals as Ghana reached the quarter-finals.
In December 2016, he was nominated for the Confederation of African Football (CAF) Youth Player of the year alongside Ghanaian women's footballer Sandra Owusu-Ansah and eventual winner Nigerian footballer Alex Iwobi. He was again nominated for CAF Youth Player of the year award in 2017. The award was eventually won by Zambian footballer Patson Daka.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 11 December 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Monaco B | 2018–19 | Championnat National 2 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Monaco B | 2019–20 | Championnat National 2 | 10 | 3 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 |
| Monaco B | 2020–21 | Championnat National 2 | 6 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Monaco B | 2021–22 | Championnat National 2 | 13 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 13 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 32 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 6 |

## Honours

Ghana U17
* Africa U-17 Cup of Nations runners up: 2017
Individual
* CAF Youth Player of the year nominee: 2016, 2017
# Ronald Aston

Ronald Leslie Aston (23 July 1901 – 7 September 1969) was an Australian physicist and civil engineer.
Aston was born in Burwood, New South Wales, and attended Newington College (1912-1918) and the University of Sydney. He taught civil engineering at the University of Sydney from 1930 until 1966. In 1956 he was appointed associate professor. Earlier he had been physicist on the Imperial Geophysical Experimental Survey from 1929 until 1930 and had tutored at the University of Melbourne in 1928 and 1929.
Aston was President of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1948.
# Mumbai women's cricket team

The Mumbai women's cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team representing the city of Mumbai. The team has represented the state in Women's Senior One Day Trophy (List A) and Women's Senior T20 Trophy. They have been the runners-up in the former tournament thrice and won the latter tournament once, in 2023–24.

## Current squad

Current Mumbai squad. Players with international caps are listed in bold.
| Name | Birth date | Batting style | Bowling style | Notes |
| Esha Oza | (1998-08-01) 1 August 1998 (age 26) | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin | UAE international |
| Fatima Jaffer | (2002-09-09) 9 September 2002 (age 22) | Right-handed | Right-arm fast | |
| Humaira Kazi | (1993-10-05) 5 October 1993 (age 31) | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin | |
| Jemimah Rodrigues | (2000-05-09) 9 May 2000 (age 24) | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin | |
| Manjiri Gawade | (1996-09-24) 24 September 1996 (age 28) | Right-handed | Right-arm medium | |
| Prakashika Naik | (1997-10-29) 29 October 1997 (age 27) | Right-handed | Right-arm leg spin | |
| Jagravi Pawar | (1999-12-13) 13 December 1999 (age 25) | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin | |
| Manali Dakshini | (1997-09-29) 29 September 1997 (age 27) | Right-handed | Right-arm fast | |
| Prakashika Naik | (1993-06-26) 26 June 1993 (age 31) | Left-handed | Right-arm medium | |
| Saima Thakor | (1996-09-13) 13 September 1996 (age 28) | Right-handed | Right-arm fast | Captain |
| Hemali Borwankar | (1995-05-06) 6 May 1995 (age 29) | Right-handed | – | Wicket-keeper |
| Riya Chaudhari | (2001-10-18) 18 October 2001 (age 23) | Right-handed | – | Wicket-keeper |
| Samruddhi Rawool | (1999-02-15) 15 February 1999 (age 25) | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin | |
| Saniya Raut | (1999-08-27) 27 August 1999 (age 25) | Left-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox | |
| Sayali Satghare | (2000-02-07) 7 February 2000 (age 25) | Right-handed | Right-arm medium-fast | |
| Sejal Raut | (2000-09-10) 10 September 2000 (age 24) | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin | |
| Shweta Haranhalli | (1993-10-29) 29 October 1993 (age 31) | Right-handed | Right-arm medium-fast | |
| Vrushali Bhagat | (1998-10-25) 25 October 1998 (age 26) | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin | |

## Honours

* Women's Senior One Day Trophy:
** Runners-up (3): 2010–11, 2013–14, 2015–16
* Women's Senior T20 Trophy:
** Winners (1): 2023–24
# Akaho

Akaho (written: 赤穂, 赤保 and 明穂) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Himawari Akaho (赤穂 ひまわり, born 1998), Japanese women's basketball player
* Makoto Akaho (赤穂 真, born 1971), Japanese basketball player
* Sakura Akaho (赤穂 さくら, born 1996), Japanese women's basketball player
# Wachita Creek

Wachita Creek is a stream in Madison and St. Francois counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the St. Francis River.
The stream headwaters are in St. Francois County at 37°42′00″N 90°29′29″W﻿ / ﻿37.70000°N 90.49139°W﻿ / 37.70000; -90.49139 and the confluence with the St. Francis River is in Madison County at 37°36′28″N 90°29′26″W﻿ / ﻿37.60778°N 90.49056°W﻿ / 37.60778; -90.49056. The stream source area lies just west of Wachita Mountain and south of Doe Run. The confluence with the St. Francis is just north of Missouri Route 72 and east of Roselle.
Variant spellings were "Washita Creek" and "Wichita Creek". The creek derives its name from the Wichita Indians.
# Jana Daubnerová

Jana "Janka" Daubnerová (née Gereková, born 27 November 1984 in Liptovský Mikuláš) is a Slovak former biathlete.

## Career

Gereková competed in the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics for Slovakia. Her best performance was 13th as part of the 2010 Slovak relay team. Her best individual finish was 40th, in both the 2010 sprint and pursuit. She also finished 59th in the 2006 individual and 47th in the 2010 individual.
As of February 2013, her best performance at the Biathlon World Championships is 7th, as part of the 2011 Slovak women's relay team and the 2012 and 2013 mixed relay teams. Her best individual performance is 8th, in the 2011 pursuit.
As of February 2013, Gereková has finished on the podium once in the Biathlon World Cup, winning a bronze as part of the Slovak mixed relay team in Kontiolahti during the 2011/12 season. Her best individual performance is 6th, achieved twice in sprint races during the 2012/13 season. Her best overall finish in the Biathlon World Cup is 28th, in 2011/12.

## World Cup Podiums

| Season | Location | Event | Rank |
| 2011/12 | Kontiolahti | Mixed Relay | |
# Ramsauer

Ramsauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl Ramsauer (1879–1955), professor of physics who discovered of the Ramsauer-Townsend effect
* Johann Georg Ramsauer (1795–1874), Austrian mine operator, director of the excavations at the Hallstatt cemetery from 1846 to 1863
* Peter Ramsauer (born 1954), German politician
# Denis Ignashin

Denis Ignashin (Денис Игнашин, born March 31, 1988) is a Russian ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).
Ignashin played eighteen games in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) with HC Spartak Moscow during the 2013–14 KHL season.
# Wagener Glen Creek

Wagener Glen Creek is a river located in Steuben County, New York. It flows into Keuka Lake by Pulteney, New York.
# Formose Mendy (footballer, born 1993)

Formose Mendy (born 8 October 1993) is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Championnat National club Nîmes.

## Club career

Mendy signed a contract with Zulte Waregem in 2013, having come through the youth system at Lille. In May 2014 he signed a two-year extension with the club with the option of two further years.
In July 2016 Mendy signed a two-year contract with Red Star. He was appointed captain during the 2017–18 season, following the injury to Matthieu Fontaine. He extended his contract at the club for a further three years in May 2018.
In July 2020, Mendy joined Championnat National rivals Boulogne.
On 22 July 2022, Mendy signed a two-year deal with Avranches in Championnat National.

## International career

Mendy is a France youth international of Senegalese and Bissau-Guinean descent, capped nine times at Under-17 level. He was called up to the preliminary squad for Guinea Bissau for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations.
# Southwest University of Political Science and Law

The Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL) is a municipal public university in Yubei, Chongqing, China. It is affiliated with the City of Chongqing, and co-funded by the Chongqing Municipal People's Government and the Ministry of Education.
The university was founded in 1953 as Southwest College of Political Science and Law.

## History

Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL) developed from the Department of Political Science and Law at Southwest University of People's Revolution which was founded in 1950, with Marshal Liu Bocheng as the university president.
In 1953, SWUPL was officially established through merging the Political Science and Law departments of Chongqing University and Sichuan University, the Law departments of Chongqing Finance and Economy College, and of Guizhou University and Yunnan University.
In 2000, the administration of the university was transferred from the Ministry of Justice to the Chongqing municipality, thus creating a system of co-administration between the central and local government.
In 2003, it was approved as one of the first universities to grant doctoral degree of first-level legal discipline. In 2004, it established one post-doctorate mobile station of Law. In 2007, SWUPL was awarded as “excellent undergraduate education” by Ministry of Education.
In 2008, SWUPL became a university co-administrated by Ministry of Education and Chongqing Municipality.
SWUPL became the first University in Chongqing co-administered by the Ministry and Municipality on October 24, 2012.
The university has three campuses, the main in Yubei, the other two in Shapingba and Baoshenghu, covering a total area of 3136.17 mu. There are 14 schools, including School of Civil and Commercial law, School of Economic Law, Law School, School of Administrative Law, School of International Law, School of Criminal investigation, School of Marxism, School of Juris Master, School of Management, School of Politics and Public Administration, School of Journalism and Communication, School of Foreign Languages, School of Applied Law, and School of Economics.
It offers 20 bachelor's programs, 37 master's programs of sub-disciplines, 4 professional master's programs and 10 doctoral programs of sub-discipline, and 2 national key disciplines. The university has postdoctoral center for legal research and 6 provincial key bases for humanity and social science research. It has 1421 faculty and staff members, among which 1157 are full-time. It has 5159 postgraduates and 18591 undergraduates. The university's library has over 4,200,000 books.

## Location

The university consists of Shapingba, Yubei and Baoshenghu Campuses in Chongqing municipality.
# Prolonged sine

The law of the prolonged sine was observed when measuring the strength of the reaction of the plant stems and roots in response to turning from their usual vertical orientation. Such organisms maintained their usual vertical growth, and, if turned, start bending back toward the vertical. The prolonged sine law was observed when measuring the dependence of the bending speed from the angle of reorientation.

## The observed law

It was observed that deviation from the desired growth direction by more than the 90 degrees causes further increase of the bending speed. After turning the 135 degrees the reoriented plant or fungi understands that it is placed "head down" and bends faster than turned by just 45 degrees. Poul Larsen in 1962 proposed, that the intensity of the gravitropic reaction (bending rate) is proportional to
    $g\times a\sin \alpha \times (1-b\cos \alpha )$
where α is the angle of reorientation, g - gravity vector and constants a and b are determined experimentally.

## Significance

Following the popular hypothesis of the mechanism of the plant spatial orientation, the bending from the horizontal position is caused by some small heavy particles that after turning put pressure on the side cell (statocyte) wall, irritating some systems and activating the bending process. The pressure of such particle to the cell would be proportional to the sine of the reorientation angle, being maximal at 90° reorientation. It would be equal for the reorientations by both 45° and 135°. The prolonged sine law concludes that there are very significant deviations from such a predicted reaction.
# Nicholas Tooth

Nicholas Edward Nelson Tooth (7 September 1844 – 17 August 1913) was a foundry owner and member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## Early days

Tooth was born at Sydney to John Tooth and his wife Elizabeth (née Newnham) and was educated at Castle's private school in Calder House, Sydney. He began his working career as a clerk with the Bank of New South Wales before unsuccessfully trying his hand at pastoral pursuits at Widgee Station. He then leased Kolan Station and was a stock-drover before becoming an agent and auctioneer in Maryborough.
For two years he was a farmer in Maryborough before joining Walkers Foundry as a clerk. He then became a senior partner at the Vulcan Foundry in Maryborough.

## Political career

After serving as an alderman in Maryborough including four stints as mayor in 1880–81, 1885–86, 1889, and 1891 he stood for the seat of Burrum in the Queensland Legislative Assembly in 1893, defeating the Labour candidate, Mr J Willard. He went on to hold the seat until 1902 when he was defeated by George Martin of the Labour Party.
In August 1905 the Pialba Shire Council appointed Tooth as its first Shire Clerk, a position he served in until his death in August 1913.

## Personal life

On the 14 April 1868, Tooth married Charlotte Thomson (died 1940) and together had four sons and four daughters.
He was a Major in the Wide Bay and Burnett Infantry Regiment, a member of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society, and was also a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Hospital Board, the School of Arts, and the Pastoral and Agricultural Society.
Tooth died in 1913 and was buried in the Maryborough Cemetery.