# List of didelphimorphs

Didelphimorphia is an order of marsupial mammals. Members of this order are called didelphimorphs, or opossums. They are primarily found in South America, though some are found in Central America and Mexico and one, the Virginia opossum, ranges into the United States and Canada. They have a variety of sizes, shapes, and fur patterns, and range in size from the 6 cm (2 in) (plus 9 cm (4 in) tail) Kalinowski's mouse opossum to the 55 cm (22 in) (plus 54 cm (21 in) tail) Virginia opossum. Didelphimorphs are primarily found in forests, as well as savannas, shrublands, and grasslands. Almost no population estimates have been made for didelphimorph species, though the one-striped opossum is classified as Critically Endangered with a population of less than ten, Handley's slender opossum is also critically endangered, and the red-bellied gracile opossum is extinct, having last been seen in 1962.
The 93 extant species of Didelphimorphia are grouped into a single family, Didelphidae, which is divided into four subfamilies: Caluromyinae, containing four species in two genera; Glironiinae, containing a single species; Hyladelphinae, also with a single species; and Didelphinae, containing 87 species split between 14 genera. Over one hundred extinct Didelphimorph species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

## Conventions

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the didelphimorph's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

## Classification

The order Didelphimorphia consists of one family, Didelphidae, which is divided into the subfamilies Caluromyinae, Glironiinae, Hyladelphinae, and Didelphinae. Caluromyinae contains 4 species in 2 genera, Glironiinae and Hyladelphinae each contain a single species, and Didelphinae contains 87 species in 14 genera, as well as the extinct red-bellied gracile opossum, which was last seen in 1962. Many of these species are further subdivided into subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.
Family Didelphidae
* Subfamily Caluromyinae
** Genus Caluromys (woolly opossums): three species
** Genus Caluromysiops (black-shouldered opossum): one species
* Subfamily Didelphinae
** Genus Chacodelphys (Chacoan pygmy opossum): one species
** Genus Chironectes (water opossum): one species
** Genus Cryptonanus (savanna gracile opossums): five species (one extinct)
** Genus Didelphis (large American opossums): six species
** Genus Gracilinanus (gracile opossums): six species
** Genus Lestodelphys (Patagonian opossum): one species
** Genus Lutreolina (lutrine opossums): two species
** Genus Marmosa (mouse opossums): seventeen species
** Genus Marmosops (slender opossums): seventeen species
** Genus Metachirus: (brown four-eyed opossums): two species
** Genus Monodelphis (short-tailed opossums): seventeen species
** Genus Philander (gray and black four-eyed opossums): five species
** Genus Thylamys (fat-tailed mouse opossums): nine species
** Genus Tlacuatzin (gray mouse opossums): one species
* Subfamily Glironiinae
** Genus Glironia (bushy-tailed opossum): one species
* Subfamily Hyladelphinae
** Genus Hyladelphys (Kalinowski's mouse opossum): one species
Didelphidae
Caluromyinae
Caluromysiops
Caluromys
Glironiinae
Glironia
Hyladelphinae
Hyladelphys
Didelphinae
Tlacuatzin
Marmosa
Monodelphis
Metachirus
Chironectes
Lutreolina
Philander
Didelphis
Marmosops
Cryptonanus
Gracilinanus
Lestodelphys
Thylamys :

## Didelphimorphs

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.

### Subfamily Caluromyinae

Genus Caluromys – Allen, 1900 – three species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Bare-tailed woolly opossum | C. philander (Linnaeus, 1758) Four subspecies C. p. affinis C. p. dichurus C. p. philander C. p. trinitatis | Eastern and northeastern South America | Size: 16–28 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 25–41 cm (10–16 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, as well as gum, nectar, small vertebrates, and invertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Brown-eared woolly opossum | C. lanatus (Olfers, 1818) Four subspecies C. l. cicur C. l. lanatus C. l. ochropus C. l. ornatus | Central and northwestern South America | Size: 20–32 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, invertebrates, and some small vertebrates, as well as nectar and flowers | LC  Unknown |
| Derby's woolly opossum | C. derbianus (Waterhouse, 1841) Six subspecies C. d. aztecus C. d. centralis C. d. derbianus C. d. fervidus C. d. nauticus C. d. pallidus | Central American and northwestern South America | Size: 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 38–45 cm (15–18 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, soft vegetables, insects, and other small invertebrates | LC  Unknown |
Genus Caluromysiops – Sanborn, 1951 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Black-shouldered opossum | C. irrupta Sanborn, 1951 | West-central South America | Size: 25–33 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 31–34 cm (12–13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Flowers and fruit, as well as small rodents | LC  Unknown |

### Subfamily Didelphinae

Genus Chacodelphys – Voss et al., 2004 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Chacoan pygmy opossum | C. formosa (Shamel, 1930) | Northeastern Argentina | Size: About 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland Diet: Unknown | NT  Unknown |
Genus Chironectes – Illiger, 1811 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Water opossum | C. minimus (Zimmermann, 1780) Four subspecies C. m. argyrodytes C. m. langsdorffi C. m. minimus C. m. panamensis | Central America, northern South America, southeastern South America | Size: 27–40 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 30–43 cm (12–17 in) tail Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands Diet: Fish, crabs, other crustaceans, and insects, as well as frogs | LC  Unknown |
Genus Cryptonanus – Voss et al., 2005 – five species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Agricola's gracile opossum | C. agricolai (Moojen, 1943) | Eastern Brazil | Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Unknown | DD  Unknown |
| Chacoan gracile opossum | C. chacoensis (Tate, 1931) | Southern South America | Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Unknown fruit and insects | LC  Unknown |
| Guahiba gracile opossum | C. guahybae (Tate, 1931) | Southern Brazil | Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Unknown | DD  Unknown |
| Red-bellied gracile opossum† | C. ignitus Díaz, Flores, Barquez, 2002 | Northwestern Argentina | Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Unknown | EX  Unknown |
| Unduavi gracile opossum | C. unduaviensis (Shamel, 1930) | Northern Bolivia | Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Unknown | DD  Unknown |
Genus Didelphis – Linnaeus, 1758 – six species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Andean white-eared opossum | D. pernigra J. A. Allen, 1900 | Northwestern South America | Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Small vertebrates, carrion, invertebrates, and plants | LC  Unknown |
| Big-eared opossum | D. aurita (Wied-Neuwied, 1826) | Eastern South America | Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Arthropods and fruit, as well as other invertebrates and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Common opossum | D. marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 Two subspecies D. m. caucae D. m. marsupialis | Central American and northern South America | Size: 26–43 cm (10–17 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Omnivorous; eats invertebrates, vertebrates, leaves, fruit, nectar, and carrion | LC  Unknown |
| Guianan white-eared opossum | D. imperfecta Mondolfi, Hernández, 1984 | Northern South America | Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Omnivorous; primarily fruit and insects | LC  Unknown |
| Virginia opossum | D. virginiana Kerr, 1792 Four subspecies D. v. californica D. v. pigra D. v. virginiana D. v. yucatanensis | North America and Central America | Size: 33–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Omnivorous, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plant material, fruits, grains and carrion | LC  Unknown |
| White-eared opossum | D. albiventris Lund, 1840 | Eastern and southern South America | Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 25–54 cm (10–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland Diet: Small vertebrates, carrion, invertebrates, and plants | LC  Unknown |
Genus Gracilinanus – Gardner, Creighton, 1989 – six species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Aceramarca gracile opossum | G. aceramarcae (Tate, 1931) | Western South America | Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, insects and other small invertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Agile gracile opossum | G. agilis (Burmeister, 1854) | Central South America | Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Brazilian gracile opossum | G. microtarsus (Wagner, 1842) Two subspecies G. m. guahybae G. m. microtarsus | Southeastern South America | Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, other invertebrates, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Emilia's gracile opossum | G. emiliae (Thomas, 1909) | Scattered northern South America | Size: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Believed to be insects and fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Northern gracile opossum | G. marica (Thomas, 1898) | Northern South America | Size: About 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Believed to be insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Wood sprite gracile opossum | G. dryas (Thomas, 1898) | Northern South America | Size: About 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Believed to be insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
Genus Lestodelphys – Tate, 1934 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Patagonian opossum | L. halli (Thomas, 1921) | Southern South America | Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Invertebrates, as well as birds, reptiles, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
Genus Lutreolina – Thomas, 1910 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Big lutrine opossum | L. crassicaudata (Desmarest, 1804) Two subspecies L. c. crassicaudata L. c. turneri | Scattered South America (Massoia's lutrine opossum in red) | Size: 26–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 24–30 cm (9–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Omnivorous; crabs, beetles, amphibians, birds, seeds, and vegetation, as well as other invertebrates, fish, and small mammals | LC  Unknown |
| Massoia's lutrine opossum | L. massoia Martínez-Lanfranco, Flores, Jayat, D'Elía, 2014 | South-central South America (big lutrine opossum in green) | Size: 18–24 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 20–26 cm (8–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Small mammals, fish, and invertebrates, as well as bird eggs and fruit | LC  Unknown |
Genus Marmosa – Gray, 1821 – seventeen species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Alston's mouse opossum | M. alstoni (Allen, 1900) | Central America, northwestern tip of South America | Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 24–28 cm (9–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, small vertebrates, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Bare-tailed woolly mouse opossum | M. regina Thomas, 1924 | Western South America | Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 21–30 cm (8–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs | NE  Unknown |
| Guajira mouse opossum | M. xerophila Handley, Gordon, 1979 | Northern South America | Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 10–20 cm (4–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as lizards, bird eggs, and small rodents | VU  Unknown |
| Heavy-browed mouse opossum | M. andersoni Pine, 1972 | Peru | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, as well as fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Linnaeus's mouse opossum | M. murina (Linnaeus, 1758) | Northern and eastern South America | Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, small animals, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Little woolly mouse opossum | M. phaea Thomas, 1899 | Northwestern South America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs | VU  Unknown |
| Mexican mouse opossum | M. mexicana Merriam, 1897 Three subspecies M. m. mayensis M. m. mexicana M. m. savannarum | Mexico and Central America | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as small rodents, lizards, birds, and eggs | LC  Unknown |
| Quechuan mouse opossum | M. quichua Wagner, 1842 | Western South America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs | LC  Unknown |
| Red mouse opossum | M. rubra Tate, 1931 | Western South America | Size: 12–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 18–22 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Robinson's mouse opossum | M. robinsoni Bangs, 1898 Six subspecies M. r. chapmani M. r. fulviventer M. r. grenadae M. r. luridavolta M. r. robinsoni M. r. ruatanica | Northern South America and Central America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Fruit and insects | LC  Unknown |
| Rufous mouse opossum | M. lepida (Thomas, 1888) | Northwestern South America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Tate's woolly mouse opossum | M. paraguayana Tate, 1931 Two subspecies M. p. paraguayana M. p. travassosi | Southeastern South America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Omnivorous and insectivorous | LC  Unknown |
| Tyler's mouse opossum | M. tyleriana Tate, 1931 | Northern South America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects as well as fruit | DD  Unknown |
| White-bellied woolly mouse opossum | M. constantiae Thomas, 1904 | Central South America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit, as well as nectar, small vertebrates, and eggs | LC  Unknown |
| Woolly mouse opossum | M. demerarae Thomas, 1905 Four subspecies M. d. areniticola M. d. demerarae M. d. dominus M. d. esmeraldae | Northeastern South America | Size: 8–22 cm (3–9 in) long, plus 12–27 cm (5–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, small animals, fruit, and nectar | LC  Unknown |
Genus Marmosops – Matschie, 1916 – seventeen species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Andean Slender Mouse Opossum | M. caucae (Thomas, 1900) | Northwestern South America | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Bishop's slender opossum | M. bishopi (Pine, 1981) | Central South America | Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Brazilian slender opossum | M. paulensis (Tate, 1931) | Southeastern Brazil | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Creighton's slender opossum | M. creightoni Voss, Tarifa, Yensen, 2004 | Zongo River valley in Bolivia | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Delicate slender opossum | M. parvidens (Tate, 1931) | Northern South America | Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Dusky slender opossum | M. fuscatus (Thomas, 1896) Two subspecies M. f. fuscatus M. f. perfuscus | Northern South America | Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Gray slender opossum | M. incanus (Lund, 1841) | Eastern South America | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Handley's slender opossum | M. handleyi (Pine, 1981) | Central Columbia | Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | CR  Unknown |
| Junin slender opossum | M. juninensis (Tate, 1931) | Central Peru | Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | VU  Unknown |
| Narrow-headed slender opossum | M. cracens Handley, Gordon, 1979 | Northern South America | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Neblina slender opossum | M. neblina Gardner, 1990 | Northwestern South America | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Panama slender opossum | M. invictus (Goldman, 1921) | Panama | Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Pantepui slender opossum | M. pakaraimae Voss, Lim, Díaz-Nieto, Jansa, 2013 | Northern South America | Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | VU  Unknown |
| Pinheiro's slender opossum | M. pinheiroi (Pine, 1981) | Northern South America | Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Spectacled slender opossum | M. ocellatus (Tate, 1931) | Bolivia | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Tschudi's slender opossum | M. impavidus Tschudi, 1844 | Northwestern South America | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| White-bellied slender opossum | M. noctivagus (Tschudi, 1844) | Western South America | Size: 9–17 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 10–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |
Genus Metachirus – Burmeister, 1854 – two species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Brown four-eyed opossum | M. nudicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1803) Four subspecies M. n. colombianus M. n. modestus M. n. nudicaudatus M. n. tschudii | South America and Central America | Size: 19–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 19–39 cm (7–15 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Insects and other invertebrates, as well as fruit, seeds, and small mammals | LC  Unknown |
Genus Monodelphis – Burnett, 1830 – seventeen species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Amazonian red-sided opossum | M. glirina (Wagner, 1842) | Central South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Emilia's short-tailed opossum | M. emiliae (Thomas, 1912) | Central South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Gray short-tailed opossum | M. domestica (Wagner, 1842) | Central and eastern South America | Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Insects, fruits, and small animals | LC  Unknown |
| Handley's short-tailed opossum | M. handleyi Solari, 2007 | Central South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Hooded red-sided opossum | M. palliolata (Osgood, 1914) | Northern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Ihering's three-striped opossum | M. iheringi (Thomas, 1888) | Eastern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and unknown Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | DD  Unknown |
| Long-nosed short-tailed opossum | M. scalops (Thomas, 1888) | Eastern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Northern red-sided opossum | M. brevicaudata (Erxleben, 1777) | Northern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Northern three-striped opossum | M. americana (Müller, 1776) | Eastern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| One-striped opossum | M. unistriata (Wagner, 1842) | Southeastern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | CR  2–10 |
| Osgood's short-tailed opossum | M. osgoodi Doutt, 1938 | Western South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Peruvian short-tailed opossum | M. peruviana (Osgood, 1913) | Peru | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Pygmy short-tailed opossum | M. kunsi Pine, 1975 | Central South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Reig's opossum | M. reigi Lew, Pérez-Hernández, 2004 | Northern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | VU  Unknown |
| Ronald's opossum | M. ronaldi Solari, 2004 | Western South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Sepia short-tailed opossum | M. adusta (Thomas, 1897) | Northwestern South America | Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Yellow-sided opossum | M. dimidiata (Wagner, 1847) | Southern South America | Size: 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 4–11 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, carrion, seeds, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
Genus Philander – Brisson, 1762 – five species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Anderson's four-eyed opossum | P. andersoni (Osgood, 1913) | Northwestern South America | Size: 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, other small invertebrates, eggs, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| Deltaic four-eyed opossum | P. deltae Lew, Pérez-Hernández, Ventura, 2006 | Northern South America | Size: 20–38 cm (8–15 in) long, plus 19–36 cm (7–14 in) tail Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands Diet: Small mammals, other small vertebrates, eggs, insects, other invertebrates, fruit, and carrion | LC  Unknown |
| Gray four-eyed opossum | P. opossum (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies P. o. fuscogriseus P. o. opossum | Northern and central South America and Central America | Size: 20–34 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 19–36 cm (7–14 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Omnivorous, including invertebrates, small animals, leaves, bark, seeds, nuts, nectar, and fruit | LC  Unknown |
| McIlhenny's four-eyed opossum | P. mcilhennyi Gardner, Patton, 1972 | Central South America | Size: 28–31 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 26–38 cm (10–15 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Believed to be omnivorous | LC  Unknown |
| Southeastern four-eyed opossum | P. frenatus Olfers, 1818 | | Size: 21–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 17–32 cm (7–13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Omnivorous, including flowers, fruit, invertebrates, and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
Genus Thylamys – Gray, 1843 – nine species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Argentine fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. sponsorius (Thomas, 1921) | Central South America | Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Buff-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. venustus (Thomas, 1902) | Central South America | Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | DD  Unknown |
| Common fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. pusillus (Desmarest, 1804) | Central South America | Size: 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–14 cm (3–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Dwarf fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. velutinus (Wagner, 1842) | Eastern South America | Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | NT  Unknown |
| Elegant fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) | Southwestern South America | Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | LC  Unknown |
| Karimi's fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. karimii (Petter, 1968) | Central South America | Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | VU  Unknown |
| Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. macrurus (Olfers, 1818) | Central South America | Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | NT  Unknown |
| Tate's fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. tatei (Handley, 1957) | Western South America | Size: 6–15 cm (2–6 in) long, plus 6–17 cm (2–7 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and desert Diet: Insects, as well as fruit and small vertebrates | DD  Unknown |
| White-bellied fat-tailed mouse opossum | T. pallidior (Thomas, 1902) | Southwestern South America | Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and desert Diet: Arthropods, as well as leaves, fruit, and seeds | LC  Unknown |
Genus Tlacuatzin – Voss, Jansa, 2003 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Grayish mouse opossum | T. canescens (Allen, 1893) | Southern Mexico | Size: 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long, plus 9–17 cm (4–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Insects and fruit | LC  Unknown |

### Subfamily Glironiinae

Genus Glironia – Thomas, 1912 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Bushy-tailed opossum | G. venusta Thomas, 1912 | West-central South America | Size: 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 19–23 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects, seeds, fruit, and eggs | LC  Unknown |

### Subfamily Hyladelphinae

Genus Hyladelphys – Voss, Lunde, Simmons, 2001 – one species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Kalinowski's mouse opossum | H. kalinowskii (Hershkovitz, 1992) | North-central South America | Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Unknown | LC  Unknown |