OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frits Staal

Johan Frederik "Frits" Staal (3 November 1930 – 19 February 2012) was the department founder and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and South/Southeast Asian Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Staal specialized in the study of Vedic ritual and mantras, and the scientific exploration of ritual and mysticism. He was also a scholar of Greek and Indian logic and philosophy and Sanskrit grammar.

## Biography

Staal was born in Amsterdam, the son of the architect Jan Frederik Staal. In 1954, Staal earned his undergraduate degree from the University of Amsterdam focused in mathematics, physics, and philosophy. In 1957, he earned his doctorate from the University of Madras focused on Indian philosophy and Sanskrit. After earning his doctorate, he served as a lecturer in Sanskrit at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London from 1958 to 1962. From 1961 to 1962, he searched as an Assistant and Associate Professor of Indian Philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania. Staal was Professor of General and Comparative Philosophy in Amsterdam from 1962 to 1967. In 1968, he became Professor of Philosophy and South Asian Languages at the University of California, Berkeley, and he retired in 1991.
In 1979, Staal became a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Staal retired to Thailand, and died at his home in Chiangmai, aged 81, on February 19, 2012.

## Work

Staal argued that the ancient Indian grammarians, especially Pāṇini, had completely mastered methods of linguistic theory not rediscovered again until the 1950s and the applications of modern mathematical logic to linguistics by Noam Chomsky. (Chomsky himself has said that the first generative grammar in the modern sense was Panini's grammar). The early methods allowed the construction of discrete, potentially infinite generative systems. Remarkably, these early linguistic systems were codified orally, though writing was then used to develop them in some way. The formal basis for Panini's methods involved the use of "auxiliary" markers, rediscovered in the 1930s by the logician Emil Post. Post's rewrite systems are now a standard approach for the description of computer languages.
In 1975, a consortium of scholars, led by Staal, documented the twelve-day performance, in Panjal village, Kerala, of the Vedic Agnicayana ritual, which is available as a documentary titled Altar of Fire. It was thought possible that this would be the last performance of the ritual, but it has since been revived.
In Rules without Meaning Staal controversially suggested that mantras "predate language in the development of man in a chronological sense". He pointed out that there is evidence that ritual existed before language, and argued that syntax was influenced by ritual.
His more recent study was concerned with Greek and Vedic geometry. He drew a parallel between geometry and linguistics, writing that, "Pāṇini is the Indian Euclid." Staal's point is that Pāṇini showed how to extend spoken Sanskrit to a formal metalanguage for the language itself.
# Górne Wymiary

Górne Wymiary; translation: Upper Dimensions) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chełmno, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Chełmno, 40 km (25 mi) north of Toruń, and 45 km (28 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz.
# Głogówko Królewskie

Głogówko Królewskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świecie, within Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Świecie, 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Bydgoszcz, and 42 km (26 mi) north of Toruń.
# Terrible Things My Mother Told Me

"Terrible Things My Mother Told Me" is a 1988 episode of the American television anthology series ABC Afterschool Special, directed and produced by Susan Rohrer. It stars Beth Howland, Katherine Kamhi and Ian Ziering.

## Plot

Hard-working 16-year-old Julia does not realize that her mother Eleanor - who alternately harasses and ignores Julia, while doting on lazy younger daughter Katie - is being emotionally and verbally abusive. But when Julia is given the lead in a school play directed by popular Randy, she realizes she is every bit as worthy of Eleanor's support and encouragement as her pampered sister. Julia gets Eleanor to open up and find out where her anger comes from. Eleanor reveals she suffered the same the same abuse from her own mother and was scarred in particular by when she accidentally cracked a delicate plate and her mother's reaction to it. Eleanor smashes the plate realizing what has become of her. Julia replies, "Nice shot!" and they embrace.

## Cast

* Beth Howland as Eleanor Flemming
* Katherine Kamhi as Julia Flemming
* Ian Ziering as Randy Forrester
* Ita DeMarco as Katie Flemming
* Stephen James as Mr. Bacharan
* Carol Goodheart as Mary Forrester
* Stephanie Winters as Beth Sotheby

## Release

The film was premiered on January 20, 1988, on ABC as the fifth episode of the 16th season of ABC Afterschool Special.
# Głęboczek, Gmina Chrostkowo

Głęboczek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chrostkowo, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Helenowo, Włocławek County

Helenowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Izbica Kujawska, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Henryków, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Henryków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubień Kujawski, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford

Chemistry Research Laboratory is a facility at the University of Oxford in England. It is part of the Department of Chemistry in the university.
Queen Elizabeth II opened the building on 20 February 2004, which replaced the older Dyson Perrins Laboratory not far away in the university's Science Area. It has five floors covering approximately 17,000 sq.m of laboratory and office space and cost £60 million to construct. The money was raised with grants from the JIF, Wolfson Foundation, EP Abraham Trust, Thomas Swan, the family of Landon T. Clay, the Salters' Company and a £20 million partnership with IP2IPO.
The building is effectively split into two parts, the southern side of the building is given over to offices which house both academic and administrative staff, whereas the northern side of the building houses the laboratories and write up areas. Splitting the two sides, there is a canteen on the lower ground floor, which can be crossed via the use of bridges on higher floors.
The Laboratory is located on the corner of South Parks Road and Mansfield Road, to the south of the main Science Area.
# Lempira Department

Lempira is one of the 18 departments in Honduras. located in the western part of the country, it is bordered by the departments of Ocotepeque and Copán to the west, Intibucá to the east, and Santa Bárbara to the north. To its south lies the El Salvador–Honduras border. The departmental capital is Gracias.
It was named Gracias department until 1943. In colonial times, Gracias was an early important administrative center for the Spaniards. It eventually lost importance to Antigua, in Guatemala.
Lempira is a rugged department, and it is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. The highest mountain peak in Honduras, Cerro las Minas, is in Lempira. The department was named after Lempira, a local chieftain of the Lenca people who fought against the Spanish conquistadores in the early 16th century. Opals are mined near the town of Erandique.
The department covers a total surface area of 4,290 km$^2$. In 2005, had an estimated population of 277,910.
Lempira is one of the poorest departments of the whole country and has the lowest Human Development Index.

## Municipalities

* Belén
* Candelaria
* Cololaca
* Erandique
* Gracias
* Gualcince
* Guarita
* La Campa
* La Iguala
* Las Flores
* La Unión
* La Virtud
* Lepaera
* Mapulaca
* Piraera
* San Andrés
* San Francisco
* San Juan Guarita
* San Manuel Colohete
* San Marcos de Caiquín
* San Rafael
* San Sebastián
* Santa Cruz
* Talgua
* Tambla
* Tomalá
* Valladolid
* Virginia
# Kolbjørn Skaare

Kolbjørn Skaare (6 April 1931 – 3 June 2017) was a Norwegian numismatist.

## Early and personal life

Skaare was born on 6 April 1931 in Strinda Municipality (in current Trondheim Municipality) to Sevald Skaare and Thora Rogne, and grew up in Vang Municipality, where his father was assigned with the agricultural research farm of Vidarshov [no]. He married Marit Olafsdatter Bjørnstad in 1959. He died in Oslo on 3 June 2017.

## Career

After finishing his secondary education at Hamar Cathedral School, Skaare studied history, Latin and Greek language at the University of Oslo. He was assigned with the Coin Cabinet (Myntkabinettet) from 1954, as conservator from 1958. He graduated as dr.philos. in 1976 with the thesis Coins and Coinage in Viking-Age Norway, and was appointed professor in numismatics at the University of Oslo in 1985. From 1979 to 1986 he was secretary for the Commission internationale de numismatique, and served as president of the society from 1986 to 1991. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, where he also was a board member and served as preses. Among his research results is a re-evaluation of the chronology of Norwegian middle age coins. He contributed to the research publication series Nordisk Numismatisk Årsskrift and elsewhere, and to popularization through books and newspaper columns. His books include the two-volume Norges mynthistorie from 1995, Pengesedler i Norge (1996), Bysantinske mynter (1998), and Fra Ptolemaios den første til Harald den femte. Herskerbilder på mynt (1998).
He was awarded the King's Medal of Merit in gold in 1995.
# Al-Ramadin

Al-Ramadin (Arabic: الرماضين) is a Palestinian village located 24 kilometers southwest of Hebron and includes the smaller village of 'Arab al-Fureijat to the southeast. The village is part the Hebron Governorate in the southern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the two villages had a combined population of 4,150 in 2017. The principal families are al-Sho'ur, al-Zagharna, al-Fureijat, al-Daraghmeh, al-Raghmat, al-Mlihat and al-Masamra.
Al-Ramadin and 'Arab al-Fureijat were established by Bedouins who fled their traditional homeland in the vicinity of Beersheba in the Negev for the suburbs of ad-Dhahiriya. The name "al-Ramadin" derives from "Ramadan," the patriarch of the main Bedouin tribe that founded the modern village after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. A nine-member village council was appointed by the Palestinian Authority to administer al-Ramadin and Arab al-Fureijat in 1997.
There are three active mosques in al-Ramadin, as well as three historic Christian edifices, including the al-Fadi Monastery and al-Asela Church. The primary health care facilities for the village are designated by the Ministry of Health as level 2.
# Guemmar attack

The Guemmar attack was an attack by armed militants on a border post in Guemmar on 29 November 1991. Sixty armed Islamist militants led by Aïssa Messaoudi, an Algerian Islamist who fought in the Soviet–Afghan War and had connections with Takfir wal-Hijra and the Islamic Salvation Front, attacked a border post in Guemmar, near El Oued in Algeria, killing three policemen. The Islamists (allegedly Takfir wal-Hijra) were associated with the FIS-affiliated Islamist trade union. This has been considered as the first act of jihad against the government and beginning of the Armed Islamic Movement, prior to the beginning of the proper Algerian Civil War.

## Background

The weeks before the declaration by the Islamic Salvation Front saw a few violent incidents by Islamist militants. The first act of provocation happened in January 1991 when Ali Benhadj, dressed in military uniform, organized a march to the Ministry of Defense to pressure them into fighting for the Iraqi side in the Gulf War. Ahmed Ben Bella frequently had his meetings disrupted by stone-throwing Islamists, and on one occasion Islamist militants attacked a residence of the FLN where Mouloud Hamrouche was holding a meeting on 1 November. These became more serious when police discovered significant caches of arms in El Oued, leading to shootout incidents with militants.

## Attack

On 29 November 1991, three small groups of 60 Islamist militants attacked a border post in Guemmar at night with heavy fire before attempting to rob the armory. It was defended by a small garrison of the 15th Border Guard Group that was surrounded by desert. Although the militants killed 3 policemen, sleeping soldiers woke up and managed to repel the attackers, forcing them to flee. The militants got away with around 50 weapons, as well as other arms, ammunition, and explosives.
The group of attackers was composed mainly of veterans who had participated in the Soviet–Afghan War. The government claimed these attacks were indications of a planned Islamist terrorist campaign against the state, and were acknowledged to have been led by Aïssa Messaoudi who the police were seeking to hunt down. The Islamic Salvation Front denounced this attack and claimed it was the work of a branch of Algerian military intelligence.

## Aftermath

Following the attack, a skirmish occurred between the Algerian army and Islamist militants on 9 December southeast of Biskra, resulting in the killing of 13 militants and 4 soldiers.
On 14 January 1993, the Algerian Supreme Court sentenced 12 participants to death for involvement in the Guemmar attack, namely Aïssa Messaoudi, Lazhar Amar, Mohamed Nguia, Bechir Rezig, Ahmed Osman, Kamel Rukhe, Antar Tera, Tayeb Sennouga, Khalid Kessous, Lamine Athmania, Jamal Bou Djelkha, Belgacem Tlili and Abdelnacer Saidani.
# Krásné (Chrudim District)

Krásné is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Krásné consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Krásné (79)
* Chlum (14)
* Polánka (60)

## Sights

On the Krásný hill is a television transmitter with a 182-metre (597 ft) tall guyed steel tube mast. It was built in 1958–1960.
# Coleochaetaceae

Coleochaetaceae is a family of algae. It is the only family in the Coleochaetales, an order of parenchymous charophyte algae, within the class Coleochaetophyceae. It includes some of the closest multicellular relatives of land plants.
It contains the genus Coleochaete and questionably includes the fossil genus Parka.
# Ruesta

Ruesta is a former settlement in the province of Zaragoza, in the autonomous community of Aragon (Spain), today belonging to the municipality of Urriés, in the region of Cinco Villas, judicial district of Ejea de los Caballeros.
It is on the banks of the Aragón river and its tributary the Regal river as well as along the Barranco de Chesa, next to the Yesa reservoir, a swamp that floods part of its municipal area, which is also the cause of its current depopulation, since fields and houses were expropriated for its construction in the 1960s. Many of its neighbors left for the new repopulation nuclei in the irrigated areas of the Bardenas Canal such as Bardena, Santa Anastasia, Pinsoro and others; other neighbors left for other places. In Ruesta, since a few years ago, the old inhabitants and friends who wish to do so, meet in the town during the ¡Ruesta vive! festivities.
Part of its former municipal district passed into the hands of Sigüés, in the Jacetania region, although the territory of Ruesta remained in Urriés.
The Hydrographic Confederation of the Ebro legally ceded the use of Ruesta to the trade union Confederación General del Trabajo de Aragón, as part of a plan for the recovery of depopulated areas caused by reservoirs. The CGT, together with the Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Aragón, has carried out some reconstruction work on several buildings such as Casa Valentín and Casa Alfonso, which are now used as a hostel and cultural center for conferences, a library and a campsite.
The heritage recovery work carried out in May 2021 merited the Hispania Nostra Award for the rehabilitation project of the village and its section of the French Camino de Santiago in Aragon, coming from France by the via Arletanensis, reaches the city of Toulouse to cross the Pyrenean Mountains through the Somport pass. The rehabilitation of the Hermitage of Ruesta together with the one of Sigüés won the Ricardo Magdalena Trophy and has been executed by Sebastián Arquitectos and promoted by the Hydrographic Confederation of the Ebro.
Ruesta appears in the film La vaquilla by director Luis García Berlanga: the Republican camp was filmed in the village.

## Architectural heritage

* Ruesta castle, included in the list of castles considered Sites of Cultural Interest in the list was published in the Official Gazette of Aragon on May 22, 2006.
* Hermitage of Santiago
* Hermitage of San Juan Bautista

## Gallery of photos

* Camino de Santiago
* French camino de Santiago in Aragon, passing through Ruesta.
* Surroundings of Ruesta
* View of the Yesa Reservoir from Ruesta
* Welcome of the hostel
* Cultural house Ramón Acín
* Church of Ruesta
* Murals of the Hermitage of St. Juan Bautista de Ruesta now in the Diocesan Museum of Jaca.
* Church façade
* Towers
* House in ruins
# Walthamstow Village

Walthamstow Village is the oldest part of Walthamstow, east London. It was designated a Conservation Area by the London Borough of Waltham Forest in 1967, and another Conservation Area on nearby Orford Road was subsequently added. The area centres on St. Mary's Church, which was founded in the 12th century. Across the road from this is a 15th-century timber-framed hall house called "The Ancient House", which was restored in 1934 and 2002. Nearby are almshouses dating from the 16th and 18th centuries, and the Vestry House Museum, which has been used as a workhouse and police station, but has been a museum since 1931. It also holds the archives of the borough and a local studies library.
Orford Road, the ancient road leading up to St Mary's church, has in recent years developed as a street of small restaurants, cafes and a local supermarket. There are also several pubs in the area.

## Transport and locale
### Nearest stations

* Walthamstow Central station
* Wood Street railway station

### Bus routes

* There is one bus route, the W12, which operates a hail-and-ride service in the area.

### Places of interest

* Vestry House Museum
* The Ancient House
* St. Mary's Church, Walthamstow
* Orford House
# Izabela, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Izabela is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mrocza, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
# First B Federal Basketball League

The Yugoslav First B Federal Basketball League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva B savezna košarkaška liga) was the second-tier level club basketball league of SFR Yugoslavia. The league's top performing clubs of each season, were promoted up to the top tier level, the Yugoslav First Federal League. Until 1980 it was called Yugoslav Second Federal Basketball League.

## Winners

| Season | West | East | Promoted |
| 1967-68 | Maribor | Rabotnički | Borac Čačak Rabotnički |
| 1968-69 | Slovan | Radnički |
| 1969-70 | Slavonski Brod | Radnički |
| 1970-71 | Željezničar Karlovac | Partizan |
| 1971-72 | Bosna | Proleter Zrenjanin |
| 1972-73 | Zrinjevac | Metalac Valjevo |
| 1973-74 | Kvarner | Vojvodina |
| Season | West | East | North | South | Promoted |
| 1974-75 | Zrinjevac | Mladost Zemun | Željezničar Sarajevo | Budućnost | Željezničar Sarajevo Zrinjevac |
| 1975-76 | Kvarner | Železničar Čačak | Igman Ilidža | Budućnost | Kvarner Igman Ilidža |
| 1976-77 | Dalvin | Borac Čačak | Željezničar Sarajevo | Kumanovo | Borac Čačak Dalvin |
| 1977-78 | Zrinjevac | Sloga | Željezničar Sarajevo | Kumanovo |
| 1978-79 | Šibenik | Rabotnički |
| 1979-80 | Kvarner | Budućnost |
| Season | Champion | Champion |
| 1980–81 | Borac Čačak | Borac Čačak |
| 1981–82 | Jugoplastika | Jugoplastika |
| 1982–83 | IMT | IMT |
| 1983–84 | Radnički Belgrade | Radnički Belgrade |
| Season | West | East | Ref. |
| 1984–85 | Smelt Olimpija | Rabotnički | |
| 1985–86 | Sloboda Dita Tuzla | MZT Skopje | |
| 1986–87 | Smelt Olimpija | IMT | |
| 1987–88 | Vojvodina | Prvi partizan Užice | |
| 1988–89 | Sloboda Dita Tuzla | Zorka Šabac | |
| 1989–90 | Šibenka | Budućnost | |
| 1990–91 | Oveco Zagreb | Rabotnički | |
| Season | Champion | Champion | Ref. |
| 1991–92 | Iva Šabac | Iva Šabac | |

## Adriatic League successor league

In 2017, the ABA League, which is the successor league to the Yugoslav First Federal League, created the Adriatic League Second Division, which is the successor league to the Yugoslav First B Federal League.
# Harri Doel

Harri Doel (born 2 August 2000) is a Welsh professional rugby union player who plays as a wing for Llandovery RFC. He previously played for Worcester Warriors, until the club liquidated in 2022.

## Professional career

Doel played his formative rugby for his hometown club, Llandovery, beginning in the Under-7s and playing at every level through to the first team. Doel attended Coleg Sir Gar near Llanelli, and completed a mathematics degree at Swansea University.
He joined the Scarlets Academy in 2016 and was a regular in the Scarlets A team in the 2019–20 Celtic Cup.
Doel was selected for Wales in the Under-20s Six Nations having previously represented his country at all age groups from Under-16s. He did not make an appearance for the side, as the U20 season was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
On 16 April 2021, Doel signed for English side Worcester Warriors on loan for the 2020-21 Premiership Rugby season. On 29 April 2021, following impressive performances for the side, Doel signed a permanent deal to stay with Worcester ahead of the 2021-22 season. On 5 October 2022 all Worcester players had their contacts terminated due to the liquidation of the company to which they were contracted.
Following the collapse of Worcester, Doel rejoined Llandovery on 9 November 2022. He combined his playing career with a part-time job working for the family construction firm.
On 10 March 2023, Doel made his first appearance for the Scarlets, in a friendly against the Saracens.
Doel joined the Ospreys on 31 March 2023, as injury cover until the end of the season. He made one appearance for the Ospreys, coming off the bench against Cardiff in the annual Judgement Day fixture.
# Robert Bakewell (ironsmith)

Robert Bakewell (1682–1752) was an English smith. He took an apprenticeship in London as an iron worker and became an extremely skilled ironsmith.

## Life

He was born in Uttoxeter, Staffordshire in 1682. In 1706 he started working at Melbourne Hall for Thomas Coke while living in the town of Melbourne. In the gardens at the hall, a wrought iron arbour created by Bakewell can still be seen today: it is known locally as 'the Birdcage'.
Following an affair with local woman Elizabeth Fisher, which resulted in the birth of a son, Bakewell Fisher, he moved from Melbourne to Derby, where he set up a workshop and forge at Oake's Yard in St Peter's Street. Later, he married Mary Cokayne and had a family of three sons and three daughters. He died in 1752 and is buried in St Peter's Church, Derby.
Examples of his work can be seen at Derby Cathedral, where he made the wrought iron rood screen and the gates at the west door. There are also wrought iron gates by Bakewell at the Derby Industrial Museum, and ironwork by him in a number of churches in Derbyshire towns and villages: Alvaston, Ashbourne, Borrowash, Duffield, Etwall, Foremark, Radbourne. In Leicestershire at Staunton Harold church, a metal screen by Bakewell can be seen.