# Euclid University

EUCLID, also called Pôle Universitaire Euclide or Euclid University, is an international intergovernmental organization with a university charter established in 2008. It has official headquarters in The Gambia and in the Central African Republic, but also maintains an executive office in Washington, D.C. Its primary mandate is to train officials for its participating states, but its programs are also offered to the general public. The institution's current secretary-general is Winston Dookeran.

## History

EUCLID's origins are connected with the creation of a group of universities called "Euclid Consortium" by the University of Bangui and the University of N'Djamena in 2006. The project was administered by the International Organization for Sustainable Development, an international non-governmental organization headed by Syed Zahid Ali. First conceived as an international extension for the University of Bangui, "Euclid" was redefined and constituted and a distinct institution in 2008 by an intergovernmental convention. The same year, the rector of the University of Bangui, Faustin-Archange Touadera was appointed as prime minister, and signed the convention formalizing his country's participation in EUCLID in 2010. In January 2008, Syed Zahid Ali, acting as Secretary-General of IOSD, presented to various government representative attending a conference of the Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry a new legal framework called EUCLID Phase 2. Soon after, several governments interested in using the Euclid programs to train their own staff approved the statutes of the new international university which entered into force in April 2008.

## Treaty information and legal status
### United Nations treaty publication

According to the United Nations Treaty Series records, the EUCLID Open Memorandum of Understanding is classified as a "multilateral treaty" and entered into force in April 2008. The "Updated Framework Agreement" entered into force in September 2009. The agreements signed by the Gambia were registered by the Permanent Mission of the Gambia to the United Nations in 2013.

### Participating states

| Country | Joined | Signatory name | Signatory position | Comment |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2008 | Girlyn Miguel | Minister of Education | With treaty registration |
| Sierra Leone, Republic of | 2008 | Zainab Bangura | Minister of Foreign Affairs | With treaty registration |
| Eritrea, State of | 2008 | Osman Saleh | Minister of Foreign Affairs | With treaty registration |
| Uganda, Republic of | 2008 | Sam Kutesa | Minister of Foreign Affairs | No treaty registration |
| Vanuatu, Republic of | 2008 | Bakoa Kaltongga | Minister of Foreign Affairs | No treaty registration |
| Senegal, Republic of | 2009 | Abdoulaye Faye | Minister to the President | With treaty registration |
| Benin, Republic of | 2009 | Paulin Djakpo | Director of Cabinet of the Minister of Foreign Affairs | No treaty registration |
| Comoros, Union of | 2009 | Mohamed Toihiri | Permanent Representative to United Nations | With treaty registration |
| Burundi, Republic of | 2010 | Augustin Nsanze | Minister of Foreign Affairs | With treaty registration |
| Central African Republic | 2010 | Faustin Touadera | Prime Minister | With treaty registration, only signed 49007 |
| Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of | 2011 | Joao Cancio Freitas | Minister of Education | With treaty registration |
| Gambia, Republic of the | 2012 | Mamadou Tangara | Minister of Education | With treaty registration |
| Djibouti, Republic of | 2024 | Mohamed Siad Doualeh | Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York | Pending treaty registration |

### Headquarters

The initial 2008 agreement indicated that "The operational offices of EUCLID are allowed to remain in Brussels, Belgium and may be relocated or extended elsewhere upon recommendation of the Governing Board or by resolution of the Oversight Council" (Statutes II.3). In 2011, EUCLID signed a first headquarters agreement with the Central African Republic and obtained office space in the prime minister's building and on the campus of the University of Bangui. In 2013, owing to instability affecting Bangui and the Central African Republic, EUCLID signed a new headquarters agreement with the Republic of The Gambia, and leases offices in the Brusubi area of Banjul. Following the return of stability in the Central African Republic and the election of EUCLID's founding father and high steward Faustin-Archange Touadéra as president of the country in 2016, EUCLID signed an office sharing agreement with the National School of Administration and Magistracy (ENAM). As of 2017, EUCLID maintains both headquarters locations and is registered in the UNESCO IAU World Higher Education Database under Central African Republic rather than Gambia.

### Treaty-related domain and intellectual property rights

According to its constitutive text, EUCLID is defined as having an international legal personality, and it was granted a .int domain name under IANA regulations. As an "international intergovernmental organization", the institution also enjoys intellectual property protection under Article 6ter of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property which is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization.

## Schools and academic programs

EUCLID is organized in six academic units or schools:
School of Diplomacy and International Affairs
* H. Tristram Engelhardt School of Global Health and Bioethics
* School of Theology and Interfaith Studies
* School of Global Economics and Development
* School of Education, Language and Interpretation
EUCLID offers graduate programs in:
* International Law and Treaty Law
* Mediation and Conflict Resolution
* Sustainable Development
* Islamic Banking and Finance
* Interreligious Dialogue
* Climate and Energy Studies
* International Public Health
* Bioethics
* International Organizations
* Energy Studies
* Comparative Christian Theology
* Diplomacy and International Affairs
* Eastern and Greek Orthodox Theology
* Global Economics and Development
* Interfaith Dialogue and Diplomacy
* Renewable Energy Studies
* Instructional Design and Open Learning
* Catholic Studies
* Sustainable Development and Diplomacy
* Terrorism Studies and De-Radicalization

### Joint degree programs

EUCLID signed in 2015 a joint degree program agreement with CAFRAD, an intergovernmental organization dedicated to public administration in Africa, serving 36 member states. A similar joint degree program agreement was signed the COMESA Leather Product Institute. These agreements regulate the following programs:
* MBA in Islamic Finance
* MBA in Leather Commerce and Industry
* Master's in International Public Administration

### Special programs

EUCLID was also involved in delivering distance-learning programs to civil servants in cooperation with the Ministry of Education of Eritrea between 2008 and 2012.

## Organizational structure

EUCLID's structure is spelled out in the statutes considered as an annex to the published treaties. Its administrative organs are:
* A governing board
* A board of advisors
* An executive board
* An oversight council.

### Secretaries-general and high stewards

* Winston Dookeran (Secretary-General, 2020–present) (former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Trinidad and Tobago)
* Syed Zahid Ali (Secretary-General, 2008–2020)
* Juan Avila, (Ambassador, Permanent Mission of the Dominican Republic to the United Nations), High Steward since 2015
* Faustin-Archange Touadéra (President of the Central African Republic), High Steward since 2014

### Former high stewards

* Banny deBrum, (High Steward, 2009–2011) Ambassador of the Republic of the Marshall Islands to the United States (2008-2011)
* Mohamed Toihiri, (High Steward, 2011–2012) Ambassador of the Union of the Comoros to the United States (2011-current)
* Hermenegilde Niyonzima, (Institutional High Steward, 2012–present) Ambassador of the Republic of Burundi to the United Nations (2012-2014)
* Roubani Kaambi, (Diplomatic High Steward, 2012–2014) Ambassador of the Union of the Comoros to the United States and United Nations (2012-current)

### Affiliated institutes

The EUCLID statutes mentions several "affiliated institutes":
* International Organization for Sustainable Development (IOSD)
* EUROSTATE University Institute, now Euler-Franeker Memorial University Institute
* International Institute for Inter-Religious Dialogue and Diplomacy
* Center for Ecological Desertification and Reforestation.

## Cooperation with other intergovernmental bodies

EUCLID has signed agreements with or is a member of:
* Islamic Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture (ICCIA), an affiliated institution of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
* Economic Community of West African States
* African Training and Research Centre in Administration for Development (CAFRAD)
* Islamic Development Bank (IsDB)
* Africa Leather and Leather Products Institute (ALLPI)
* International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
EUCLID was approved as an intergovernmental observed in the UNFCCC Climate Conference starting with COP28 in Dubai.

## Institutional memberships

* Academic Council on the United Nations Systems
* Association of African Universities
* Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific (AUAP)
* International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
* United Nations Academic Impact
* GUNI (Global University Network for Innovation)
* United Nations Global Compact
* PRME – United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education
* GRLI – Globally Responsible Leadership Initiative
In his personal capacity, the EUCLID secretary general is a member of the International Association of University Presidents.

## UN Interfaith Harmony Week prize

In 2016, EUCLID coordinated a series of events for the United Nations World Interfaith Harmony Week and was awarded first prize by the jury, with a gold medal to be presented to the EUCLID delegation in April 2016 by King Abdullah II of Jordan.

## Accreditation and recognition
### Central African Republic as headquarters state

EUCLID signed its initial headquarters agreement with the Central African Republic in 2011 which was updated with an additional protocol in 2018. The Permanent Delegation to UNESCO posted in 2016 its filing which includes EUCLID as "recognized / accredited". EUCLID is accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education of Central African Republic as its historic headquarters state.

### Gambia as headquarters state

The National UNESCO Commission of Gambia posted in 2014 its "UNESCO Portal to Recognized Higher Education Institutions" documents which now include EUCLID (Euclid University) as "recognized / accredited". EUCLID holds institutional accreditation from the country's National Accreditation and Quality Assurance Authority (NAQAA).

### UN statement

The Permanent Mission of the Central African Republic to the United Nations wrote to the UN Secretariat in October 2012 to complain that the world's five international universities were not included in the UN Inspira database. In December 2012, the United Nations replied that "both IAU/UNESCO and the UN Secretariat recognize Euclide- Pole Universitaire Euclide and the other four UN institutions ... as being accredited" in spite of not being included in Inspira. The UN also indicated that these institutions which are "regional or global in nature" would be included under their headquarters states in future editions of the IAU WHED database used by the United Nations. The transfer was completed in September 2017.

### Other participating states and Africa

The 2008 intergovernmental agreement states in its Article I that "EUCLID is chartered to confer diplomas, degrees and completion certificates accredited by the ministries of Education of the Participating Parties." Gambia and Timor-Leste indicate that the degrees issued by EUCLID upon completion of the required coursework will be legally valid for use in the country by the graduates. According to the Permanent Mission of the Central African Republic to the United Nations, the UNESCO Regional Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Certificates, Diplomas, Degrees and other Academic Qualifications in Higher Education in the African States applies to EUCLID with effect in the 22 ratifying States. EUCLID is since June 2012 a member of the Association of African Universities which requires its members to be accredited.

### United States

EUCLID is not a US-based university and it not accredited by an organization recognized by the U.S. Department of Education or Council on Higher Education Accreditation, but maintains an address in Washington, DC "exclusively used for appointments and meetings either with or by government-sponsored and government affiliated staff". The letters sent in 2012 by the governments of Burundi, Central African Republic and Comoros to the US Department of State describe the institution as being "duly chartered to confer degrees by its Participating States and enjoys full academic accreditation according to its constitutive mandate under international law (Article I)." Between 2008 and 2010, the state of Maine formerly listed "Euclid University" as an unaccredited institution. Maine removed the school from its list after receiving correspondence from EUCLID. Michigan published until 2012 a list of non-CHEA recognized universities whose graduates could not use their degree for public service employment, a list that included both "Euclid University" and the "United Nations University". Following an exchange of letters with EUCLID, Michigan ceased maintaining a list of institutions lacking CHEA recognition, but advises that EUCLID graduates and all graduates from non-CHEA recognized universities applying for jobs with the State of Michigan must demonstrate that their degrees are equivalent to studies at a similar school accredited by a CHEA-recognized accrediting body. In December 2013, following a correspondence with EUCLID's legal counsel and two ambassadors to the United States, Oregon's attorney general's office wrote that the Oregon Office of Degree Authorization (ODA) had stopped maintaining and publishing its list of unrecognized universities. Regarding "Euclid University", the ODA had since 2008 posted the notice: "ODA is currently evaluating the present legal status of this entity." The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board removed "Euclid University" from its list of "list of Institutions Whose Degrees are Illegal to Use in Texas" in October 2018.

## Notable alumni

* Asser Harb, Senior State Counsel, State Lawsuits Authority, Cairo, Egypt
* Diego Gómez Pickering, author and former Mexican Ambassador to the United Kingdom
* Felix Emeka Anyiam, data scientist and professor at the University of Port Harcourt
* Hanna Simon, Ambassador of Eritrea to France and UNESCO
* Supun Dilara Wijesinghe, Consultant Community Physician, Sri Lankan Ministry of Health
* Reginald Vaughn Finley Sr., American skeptic, activist, and talk show host
* George Zaid-Zammit, Ambassador of Malta to Kuwait
* Francess Anderson, Ambassador of Sierra Leone to Ghana