# List of Ayyubid rulers

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

## Sultans of Egypt

See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.
| # | Sultan | Sultan | Start | End | Title | Fate |
| 1 | Saladin | | 10 September 1171 | 4 March 1193 | Sultan | Died in office (In 1171, he abolished the Fatimid dynasty and realigned the country's allegiance with the Abbasid caliphs) |
| 2 | Al-Aziz | No picture available | 4 March 1193 | 29 November 1198 | Sultan | Died |
| 3 | Al-Mansur | No picture available | 29 November 1198 | February 1200 | Sultan | Deposed |
| 4 | Al-Adil I | | February 1200 | 31 August 1218 | Sultan | Died |
| 5 | Al-Kamil | | 2 September 1218 | 8 March 1238 | Sultan | Died |
| 6 | Al-Adil II | No picture available | 8 March 1238 | 31 May 1240 | Sultan | Deposed by his brother and successor Salih |
| 7 | As-Salih Ayyub | No picture available | 1 June 1240 | 21 November 1249 | Sultan | Died |
| - | Shajar al-Durr | | 21 November 1249 | 27 February 1250 | Regent | Abdicated |
| 8 | Turanshah | | 27 February 1250 | 2 May 1250 | Sultan | Assassinated by the Mamluks |
| 9 | Al-Ashraf Musa | No picture available | 1250 | 1254 | Co-sultan with Aybak | Dethroned / custody |

### Family Tree of the Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt

Ayyubid Dynasty :
| | | | | | | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1171-1193 | | | | | | | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(4)}$ r. 1200-1218 | | | | | | |
| Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | Al-Aziz Uthman $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1198 | | | | | | | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(5)}$ r. 1218-1238 | | | | | | |
| Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(3)}$ r. 1198-1200 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(6)}$ r. 1238-1240 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(7)}$ r. 1240-1249 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 | Al-Mas'ud Salah al-Din Yusuf Yemen r. 1215-1229 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(8)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf | Yusuf |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 | Al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din Musa $^{(9)}$ r. 1250-1254 |

## Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

See Rulers of Damascus.
* Saladin, 1174–1193
* Al-Afdal, son of Saladin, 1193–1196
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1196–1218
* Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227
* An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237
* As-Salih Ismail, son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238
* Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1238
* Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1239
* As-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245
* As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249
* Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
* An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

### Family Tree of the Rulers of Damascus

Ayyubid Dynasty :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | Al-Afdal Najm al-Din Ayyub | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(1)}$ r. 1174-1193 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I $^{(3)}$ r. 1196-1218 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | Al-Afdal Ali $^{(2)}$ r. 1193-1196 | | | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | Al-Zahir Ghiyath al-Din Ghazi Aleppo r. 1193-1216 | | | | | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | Al-Kamil Nasir al-Din Muhammad $^{(8)}$ r. 1238 | | | | | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa $^{(4)}$ r. 1218-1227 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Ashraf Musa $^{(6)}$ r. 1229-1237 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 | Al-Salih Imad al-Din Isma'il $^{(7)}$ r. 1237, 1239–1245 |
| | | | | | | | | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Aziz Muhammad Aleppo r. 1216-1232 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II $^{(9)}$ r. 1238-1239 | | | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub $^{(10)}$ r. 1239, 1245-1249 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | Al-Nasir Dawud $^{(5)}$ r. 1227-1229 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | An-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf $^{(12)}$ r. 1250-1260 | | | | | | | | | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | Al-Mu'azzam Ghayath al-Din Turanshah $^{(11)}$ r. 1249-1250 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Emirs of Aleppo

See Rulers of Aleppo.
| Epithet | Name | Sultan From | Sultan Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | Notes | Title |
| Al-Nasir Salah al-Din | Yusuf I | 1183 | 1193 | • Married Mahmud III Widow | | Sultan of Halab |
| Al-Zahir | Ghazi | 1193 | 1216 | • Son of Salah al-Din | | Sultan of Halab |
| Al-Aziz | Muhammad | 1216 | 1236 | • Son of Al-Zahir Ghazi | | Sultan of Halab |
| Al-Nasir | Yusuf II | 1236 | 1260 | • Son of Al-Aziz | Regency council from 1236 to 1242, de facto regency of Dayfa Khatun Also sultan of Damascus | Sultan of Halab |
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

## Emirs of Baalbek

See Baalbek, Middle Ages.
* Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed by Saladin, 1175–1178
* Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179
* Farrukh Shah, nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182
* Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237
* As-Salih Ismail, brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246
* Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249
* Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
* An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

## Emirs of Hama

See Hama, Muslim Rule.
* Al-Muzaffar I Umar, son of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1178–1191
* Al-Mansur I Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221
* Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229
* Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244
* Al-Mansur II Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284
* [Vassals to Mamluk sultans after 1260]
* Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud, son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299
* [Ruled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, 1299–1310]
* Abu al-Fida, son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother of al-Mansur II Muhammad), 1310–1332
* Al-Afdal Muhammad, son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.
Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

## Emirs of Homs

See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.
* Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, son of Shirkuh (uncle of Saladin), 1178–1186
* Al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240
* Al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 (Homs), 1248–1260 (Tell Bashir)
* An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260
* Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263.
Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

## Emirs of Hisn Kaifa

See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
* Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
* Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
* Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325
* Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328
* Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)
* Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378
* Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)
* Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433
* Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452
* Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455
* Adil Khalif, 1455–1462
* Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511
* Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514
* Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520
* Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521
* Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524.
Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

## Emirs of al-Karak

Also referred to as governors of Transjordan. See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.
* Saladin, 1188
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
* Al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
* An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249
* Al-Mughith 'Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.
Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

## Emirs of Al-Jazirah

See Upper Mesopotamia & Al-Jazirah.
* Saladin, 1185–1193
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200
* Al-Awhad Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220
* Al-Muzaffar Ghazi, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244
* Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.
Taken by Mongols in 1260.

## Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz

See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.
* Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
* Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
* Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
* An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
* Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215
* Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.
Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

## Emirs of Banyas

See Banyas.
* Al-Aziz 'Uthman, son of al-Adil I 1218–1232.
* Al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232.
* Al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247.
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil (dependency of Egypt) 1247–1249.
* An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad (dependency of Damascus) 1250-?.
* Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz (second reign; d. 658) 1260–1260.