OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Liebenscheid

Liebenscheid is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography
### Location

The community lies in the Westerwald between Siegen and Limburg on the boundaries with North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse. Liebenscheid belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Rennerod, a kind of collective municipality.

### Constituent communities

Liebenscheid has two outlying centres named Weißenberg and Löhnfeld.

## History

In 1341, Liebenscheid had its first documentary mention in a partition treaty between the sons of Count Johann I of Nassau-Dillenburg. At this time there also stood Schloss Liebenscheid, a residential castle, which was later taken down.
In 1360, Liebenscheid, together with the neighbouring village of Weißenberg, was granted town rights by Emperor Karl IV, whereby the Emperor bestowed upon the two places the same rights that the Imperial town of Wetzlar held.

## Politics

The municipal council is made up of 12 council members who were elected in a majority vote in municipal elections.

## Economy and infrastructure

West of the community runs Bundesstraße 54, leading from Limburg an der Lahn to Siegen. The nearest Autobahn interchange is Haiger/Burbach on the A 45 (Dortmund–Aschaffenburg), some 11 km away. The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line. The nearest air travel connection is offered by the Siegerland Airport lying a few kilometres west of the community.
# Jose da Luz

Jose Alberto da Luz (1904-1986) was an international lawn bowler from Hong Kong.

## Bowls career

He won a silver medal in the fours at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, with Alfred Coates, Robert Gourlay and his brother Raoul da Luz.

## Personal life

Of Portuguese origin he was born in Hong Kong and became a US citizen in 1964.
# One Tough Cop

One Tough Cop is a 1998 American action crime film. It was directed by Bruno Barreto and written by Jeremy Iacone. The movie stars Stephen Baldwin as the protagonist and first-person narrator Bo Dietl, a real-life New York City detective who wrote the book that the film is based on. Chris Penn costars as Dietl's partner. Gina Gershon, Mike McGlone and Paul Guilfoyle also play key roles.

## Plot summary

Detective Bo Dietl and his partner investigate the rape and murder of a nun. Meanwhile, Dietl learns that his partner has a gambling problem, and is in debt to loan sharks.

## Cast

* Stephen Baldwin as Bo Dietl
* Chris Penn as Duke Finnerly
* Gina Gershon as Joey O'Hara
* Mike McGlone as Richie La Cassa
* Luis Guzmán as "Papi", Gunman
* Harvey Atkin as Rudy
* Paul Guilfoyle as Frankie "Hot" Salvino
* Victor Slezak as FBI Agent Burt Payne
* Amy Irving as FBI Agent Jean Devlin
* Jason Blicker as Philly Nose
* Bo Dietl as Detective Benny Levine
* Frank Pellegrino as Lieutenant Frank Raggio
* Michael Rispoli as Lieutenant Denny Reagan
* Paul Calderón as Sergeant Diaz
* Jean Paul as Juano
* Larry Gilliard Jr. as Curtis Wilkins
* Philip Akin as Inspector Cheney
* Nigel Bennett as Inspector Bassie

## Reception

One Tough Cop was poorly received by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 24% from 21 reviews with the consensus: "An aimless vanity piece starring a miscast Stephen Baldwin, this limp thriller tries too hard to portray the real-life Bo Dietl as One Tough Cop for him to be a believable one, too."
# KDDX-class destroyer

The Korean Next-Generation Destroyer (KDDX) is a next generation stealth guided-missile destroyer under development by Hyundai Heavy Industries for ROK Navy, to be launched after 2025. Displacement of the class is set to be about 8,000 tons, length 155 meters, breadth 18.8 meters and draft 9.5 meters. Will feature KVLS to launch Hyunmoo-3C land-attack cruise missiles and SSM-700K anti-ship missiles. At 8000 tons displacement, it will be lighter than Sejong the Great-class destroyers, but with more advanced sensors and stealth characteristics and lower operating costs. The ships will have advanced missile defense. The size of this new destroyer would be between that of the currently operating 4,200-ton KDX-II and the Aegis Destroyer KDX-III, and would be assigned to a naval task force. The total cost of developing and producing the six vessels is expected to top $6.2 billion.

## History

The project was unveiled back in 2009 next-generation during the 2009 Navy Audit and was supposed to be equipped with SM-2 surface-to-air missiles and SPY-based radars that would slot in between the Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin-class destroyer (KDX-II) and Sejong the Great-class destroyer (KDX-III).
In 2012, it was again confirmed that the Republic of Korea Navy would procure six next-generation destroyers and the project being renamed from KDX-IIA to KDDX in the Basic Plans for Defense Reform (2012-2030) and that it would be built after 2020. But by 2013, it was decided to procure three more destroyers under a new subclass of the Sejong the Great-class destroyer named KDX-III Batch II (Jeongjo the Great) and the funding and priority allotted for the KDDX was shifted to the new batch of AEGIS-equipped destroyers.
In 2018, the 118th Defense Program Promotion Committee approved the Basic Strategy for the Promotion of the Korean Next Destroyer (KDDX) Project and by 2019, work began on its initial basic design and its development.
During MADEX 2019, both HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and Hanwha Ocean (then known as Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering) displayed their proposal for the KDDX program.
* Conceptual models displayed at MADEX 2021 (International Maritime Defense Industry Exhibition)
* Proposal by Hyundai Heavy Industries
* Proposal by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
# Kaldereta

Kaldereta or caldereta is a goat meat stew from the Philippines. Variations of the dish use beef, chicken, or pork. Commonly, the goat meat is stewed with vegetables and liver paste. Vegetables may include tomatoes, potatoes, olives, bell peppers, and hot peppers. Kaldereta sometimes includes tomato sauce. Kaldereta is usually served during special occasions such as parties and festivities.
Caldereta's name was derived from the Spanish word caldera, meaning cauldron. The dish is similar to meat stews from the Iberian Peninsula and was brought to the Philippines by the Spaniards during their 333-year occupation of the Philippines.
It also has similarities with afritada and mechado because it uses tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, and bell peppers as its main ingredients.

## Gallery

* Beef kaldereta
* Kalderetang Bulalo
# Korean Air Flight 8702

Korean Air Flight 8702, operated by a Boeing 747-400, departed Tokyo, Narita International Airport on 5 August 1998 at 16:50 for a flight to Seoul, scheduled to arrive there at 19:20. Bad weather, including heavy rainfall, at Seoul forced the flight crew to divert to Jeju. The aircraft took off from Jeju at 21:07 for Seoul. The flight was cleared to land on runway 14R with a crosswind component as the wind was from 220 degrees at 22 knots. Upon touchdown, the aircraft rolled off the runway. The aircraft slid into a ditch. The undercarriage was destroyed by the impact and the fuselage split. After the accident, the inside of the aircraft caught fire, but all the occupants were able to evacuate the aircraft.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-4B5, registered as HL7496, delivered to Korean Air on 27 June 1996. Two years and two months old, it was the 21st 747-400 delivered to Korean Air and one of 27 in the fleet at the time of the accident. With line number 1083 and Construction Number (MSN) 26400, it had not been involved in any serious incidents in the time leading up to the accident.
The aircraft involved was the fourth of five Boeing 747s (2 -200B, 1 -300, this -400 and 1 -200F) to be written off by Korean Air in a span of 15 years.

## Accident

Korean Air flight 8702 was a scheduled flight from Tokyo, Narita International Airport to Seoul, Gimpo International Airport. Due to poor weather, the crew diverted to Jeju International Airport. Upon landing the aircraft was towed to the main terminal and the passengers temporarily disembarked into the terminal. Two hours later the passengers re-boarded the aircraft for the 1 hour flight back to Seoul.
The aircraft took off from Jeju at 21:07 for Seoul. The flight was cleared to land on runway 14R with a crosswind component as the wind was from 220 degrees at 22 knots. Upon touchdown, the captain misused the reverse thrusters in a way the No. 1 engine failed to provide reverse thrust. Coupled with the fact the captain was confused with crosswind conditions and the first officer was preoccupied and not paying attention to the landing, the 747 failed to stop before the end of the runway. The aircraft swerved to the right and slid into a ditch at 50 knots with the fuselage splitting up.
# National symbols of the Kurds

The national symbols of the Kurds is a list of flags, icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of the Kurdish people.

## Flags

* Notes
* The Flag of Kurdistan is the national flag of the Kurds
* Party flag of TEV-DEM; informally represents the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
* Flag of the Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922–24)
* Flag of Republic of Ararat (1927–30)
* Flag of Republic of Mahabad (1946–47)

## Coats of arms

* Coat of arms of the Kurdistan Regional Government
* Coat of arms of Democratic Federal System of Northern Syria (Rojava)
* Coat of arms of Republic of Mahabad (1946–47)
* Coat of arms of Republic of Ararat (1927–30)

## Anthems

* "Hey Enemy" (Ey Reqîb), national anthem of the Kurdistan Regional Government.
* "Oh Homeland" (Ey Niştîman), by Hassan Zirak

## Founders

* Selahedînê Eyûbî
* Sharaf Khan
* Sheikh Ubeydullah
* Sheikh Said
* Simko Shikak
* Mahmud Barzanji
* Ibrahim Haski
* Ihsan Nuri Pasha
* Qazi Muhammad
* Mustafa Barzani
* Abdullah Öcalan
* Mazlum Doğan
* Mazlum Kobanê
* Cemîl Bayik
* Murat Karayılan
* Jalal Talabani
* Mashouq al-Khaznawi
* Salih Muslim

## Myths

* Sīmir, mythological figure, found in Kurdish folklore.
* Kawa the Blacksmith, mythological figure, found in Kurdish folklore.
* Rûsem, mythological figure, found in Kurdish Shahnameh.
* Felamerz, a figure in Kurdish Shahnameh
* Sam, a figure in Kurdish Shahnameh
* Zenûn, a figure in Kurdish Shahnameh

## Poets

* Mela Hesenê Bateyî
* Melayê Cizîrî
* Faqi Tayran
* Ahmad Khani
* Almas Khan-e Kanoule'ei
* Khana Qubadi

## Animals

* Asiatic Lion (Lion of Judah/Lion of Babylon, a common Symbol in Mesopotamia)
* Eastern imperial eagle (Eagle of Saladin, aprimary national symbol)
* Shahbaz (means "royal falcon", a fabled bird in Kurdish mythology and also a religious symbol in Yarsanism)
* Chukar partridge (primary cultural symbol)
* Peafowl (religious)
* Capra (genus), a religious symbol in Yarsanism
* Van cat (regional)
* Rooster, a religious symbol in Yarsanism
* Fish, a religious symbol in Yarsanism
* Wild boar, a religious symbol in Yarsanism
* Kurdish horse, added to the National Intangible Cultural Heritage list of Iran

## Trees

* Oak
* Quercus cerris (Usually as unique)
* Pomegranate tree
* The Shirin and Farhad Tree, a local symbole of Kermanshah
* Palm tree, a local symbole of Qasr-e Shirin, Khanaqin and Kirkuk
* Olive tree, a symbol used in Afrin

## Books

* Saranjâm, Holy book of Yarsanism which contains oldest parts of Kurdish literature
* Kurdish Shahnameh
* The Book of Honor (Sharafnama)
* Ancestry of the Kurds
* Mam and Zin
* The Promise of the Black Horse

## Mountains

* Qandil
* Kurmênc
* Zagros
* Sinjar Mountains

## Dishes

* Kelane (bread)
* Dolma (Yaprax)

## Other symbols

* Sun
* Newroz / نه‌ورۆز
* Geliyê Elî Beg / گەلیی عەلی بەگ
# Mõigu Cemetery

Mõigu cemetery (German: Friedhof von Moik or Kirchhof von Moik, Estonian: Mõigu kalmistu) was a large Baltic German cemetery, located in the Tallinn suburb of Mõigu in Estonia. It served as the primary burial ground for the usually wealthy and noble citizens of the Toompea parish of Tallinn. Containing numerous graves, it stood for over 170 years from 1774 to shortly after World War II when it was completely flattened and destroyed by the Soviet occupation authorities governing the country at that time.
Its origins and destruction are very similar to that of the Kopli cemetery (also in Tallinn).

## Origins 1771–1774

Between 1771 and 1772, Catherine the Great, empress of the Russian Empire, issued an edict which decreed that, from that point on, any person who died (regardless of their social standing or class origins), no longer had the right to be buried within church crypts or adjacent churchyards. New cemeteries had to be built across the entire Russian empire, and from then on they all had to be located outside city limits.
One of the main motivations behind these measures was overcrowding in church crypts and graveyards. However the true deciding factor which led to the new laws being enforced on such a mass scale across the entire Russian empire was to avoid further outbreaks of highly contagious diseases, especially the black plague which had led to the Plague Riot in Moscow in 1771.
Against this background the cemetery at Mõigu was founded in 1774 on the outskirts of Tallinn on an area that was owned and administered by the Toompea cathedral of Tallinn. It served as a burial ground for over 170 years for Baltic Germans who lived and died in the Toompea parish of Tallinn between 1774 and 1944.

## Destruction by Soviet authorities after 1945

Around 1950–1951 the cemetery was entirely flattened by Soviet occupation authorities. Gravestones were used to build walls along the ports and sidewalks in other parts of the city and no trace of the cemetery was left standing.
The Soviet forces, in a coordinated effort to remove all traces of the past, non-ethnic Russian inhabitants of Tallinn also destroyed two other 16th and 18th century cemeteries in the city, in the suburbs of Kopli and Kalamaja which belonged to the ethnic Estonian and Baltic German communities.
In contrast the Russian Orthodox Cemetery, also established in the 18th century, south of the old town of Tallinn, was left standing.

## Current status

The only surviving evidence of those who were interred there consists of the parish registers of burials and some old detailed maps of the area in the Tallinn city archives.
The area of the former cemetery today lies abandoned, however Estonian authorities are planning a conservation of the area.
# Vilhelm Mathias Skeel

Vilhelm Mathias Skeel (1746–1817) was a Danish landowner, county official, and military officer.
He grew up in Denmark and attended the Sorø Academy and received his Cand.jur. degree in 1765. He served as the County Governor of Stavanger county from 1772 until 1781. From 17 August 1785 to 31 December 1798 he was the county governor of Antvorskov and Korsør counties in Denmark. He also served as the county governor of Sorø and Ringsted counties from 1787 until 1798.
# Reader Rabbit's Ready for Letters

Reader Rabbit's Ready for Letters is a 1992 video game and the fifth game of the Reader Rabbit franchise. Although a spin-off title, it is designed for ages 3 to 6 to teach prereaders about becoming literate and phonics.

## Educational goals

The game was designed with a re-usability value, which help children develop new language skills and sharpen old ones. The game allows for free exploration and offers activities that enable children to begin learning to read. The modules included teach shape recognition, matching and basic word skills. The digitized voices encourage direction, exercises listening comprehension and helps tie language to words. The concept of cause-and-effect is implemented. The activities expose prereaders to letters, simple words, word relationships, creativity, colors, shapes and matching. Music and animations add to retain interest.

## Gameplay

The game takes place in the house and garden of Grandma and Grandpa Rabbit. There are two modes during gameplay; the free-form mode, which allows players to do the activities are in their own way and the goal-based mode, which instructs the player what to do. The game consists of six activities:
* The Music Pond
* Grandma's Kitchen
* The Mix-and-Match Bedroom
* The ABC Bathroom
* The Picture Parlor
* Grandpa's Workshop

## Reception

Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| MacUser | |
Award :
| Publication | Award |
| High Scope Award | Best Childhood Software |
The Managing Editor of PCM Magazine Sue Fomby highlighted the game for its gameplay that helped children to start reading. MacUser gave the game 2 and a half stars, being suited for the youngest and lesser experienced prereaders. The game was reviewed in the Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Guide Book where it was praised for its "snappy and colorful" graphics.
# Olavi Vuorisalo

Olavi Vuorisalo (5 April 1933 – 11 December 2024) was a Finnish middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Vuorisalo died on 11 December 2024, at the age of 91.
# Southern Railway (U.S.) Class Ms-2

Southern Railway's Class Ms-2 was a type of experimental steam locomotive.

## History

Beginning in 1915, the Southern had the unique idea to fit "tractor engines" underneath the tender. These locomotives were used on the mountainous Asheville Division in North Carolina. They were similar to the Erie Railroad's "Triplex" 2-8-8-8-2 pusher locomotives, in that the rear set of driving wheels exhausted through a pipe on the rear of the tender. But there was not just one specific type of wheel arrangement. The Southern added 2-8-0 engines onto the Mikados #4535-4539 and #4576, but they added a 2-6-0 unit to the #4561. In 1918 an additional locomotive was modified, when a 2-6-2 tender engine was added to 2-10-2 #5046. They did not produce good enough results, and the tractor units were removed from the Mikados in 1923, and from #5046 in 1926, and were replaced by standard tenders. The locomotives continued service until the early 1950s.
An obvious problem with this arrangement is that, similar to the Garratt locomotive and the Triplex, as the tender coal and water ran out, the traction decreased. Additionally, the tender engines were too large for the steam generating capacity of the locomotive's boiler. The ultimate solution to this problem was the booster engine, which became common in the later 1920s.
# Humayun (film)

Humayun (Hindi: हुमायूँ) is a 1945 Indian Hindi-language historical epic film directed by Mehboob Khan. It was the seventh highest grossing Indian film of 1945.
The main cast included Ashok Kumar, Veena, Nargis as Hamida Bano, and Shah Nawaz.

## Cast

* Ashok Kumar as Badshah Naseerudin Humayun
* Veena as Rajkumari
* Nargis as Hamida Bano
* Chandra Mohan as Rajkumar Randhir
* Shah Nawaz as Badshah Babar
* K.N.Singh as Jai Singh
* Himalayawala
* Majid
* Yusuf Effendi
* Abdul Rashid
* Abdul Kader
* Khurshed Ahmed
* Afghan Sandow
* Wasker
* Mahesher Shirazi
* T. M. Mathur
# 2000 American Samoan gubernatorial election

The 2000 American Samoan gubernatorial election was held on 7 November 2000, in order to elect the governor of American Samoa. Incumbent Democratic governor Tauese Sunia was narrowly re-elected against Independent candidate L. Peter Reid in a rematch of the previous election.
On August 3, 2000, Rosalia Tisa Fa’amuli became the first woman to run for the office of Governor of American Samoa. She operates Tisa's Barefoot Bar, one of the most renowned establishments in Alega, and ran for governor as the Green Party's candidate.

## General election

On election day, 7 November 2000, Democratic nominee Tauese Sunia won re-election by a margin of 341 votes against his opponent Independent candidate L. Peter Reid, thereby holding Democratic control over the office of governor. Sunia was sworn in for his second term on 3 January 2001.

### Results

American Samoa gubernatorial election, 2000 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Tauese Sunia (incumbent) | 6,110 | 51.43% |
| | Independent | L. Peter Reid | 5,769 | 48.57% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 11,879 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Democratic hold |

## Aftermath

The election was marked by a close contest that paralleled the contentious nature of the U.S. presidential race held the same year. Incumbent governor Tauese Sunia secured re-election with 6,110 votes, narrowly defeating his opponent, territorial senator Leala P. Reid, who garnered 5,769 votes. Following the election, Reid challenged the results, alleging that Chief Election Officer Soliai Tuipine Fuimaono committed errors that compromised the integrity of the election and left the outcome uncertain. Reid's legal challenge questioned the handling of the vote, suggesting that the process was susceptible to fraud. The case was brought before a five-judge panel of the High Court of American Samoa. In its decision, the court upheld Sunia's re-election, stating that Reid had failed to provide "clear and convincing evidence" sufficient to overturn the election results.
# Dyawi

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# Charl Mattheus

Charl Mattheus (born March 9, 1965, in Somerset East, Eastern Cape, South Africa ) is a South African Ultra Marathon Athlete.

## Life and education

He grew up in Despatch, Eastern Cape and completed his high school diploma at High School Despatch in 1982. He subsequently attended and completed a National Technical Diploma in Mechanical Engineering at Russell Road Technical College in Port Elizabeth in 1989. His United States education include a Bachelor of Science in Management (2007), Masters in Business Administration, MBA in Healthcare Management (2011) from Indiana Wesleyan University and Doctor of Business Administration, DBA in Healthcare Management (2017) at Walden University. Doctoral Dissertation Study Title: Managerial Intervention Strategies to Reduce Patient No-Show Rates. Dr. Mattheus published his first book in 2020: Understanding the United States Health Care System
He was South Africa 100 km Champion in 1991. He represented South Africa at the IAU 100 km World Championships in 1993, 1994 & 1995. He is popular for his Comrades Marathon win in 1992. He was disqualified for taking over the counter cold medication, containing, phenylpropanolamine. It was a prohibited stimulant, but was removed from the banned list shortly after the disqualification. Phenylpropanolamine is not one of the prohibited stimulants the World Anti-Doping Agency listed on their 2016 list. Mattheus finished the Comrades Marathon twelve times, 1987- 21st, 1988 – 7th, 1989 – 9th, 1990 – 32nd, 1991 – 6th, 1992 – 1st (but disqualified), 1994 – 11th, 1995 – 2nd, 1996 – 4th, 1997 – 1st (Comrades Marathon Champion), 1998 – 2nd, & 2000 – 154th. Mattheus is the only athlete to lose his Comrades Marathon Champion title and regain the title a few years later, improving on his 5:42:34, 1992 time with a 5:28:37 time. Dr. Charl Mattheus is now a dual United States and South African Citizen and living in Waimanalo Beach, Hawaii, United States.
# Cobitis hellenica

Cobitis hellenica is a species of ray-finned fish in the true loach family (Cobitidae). It is endemic to Greece.
It belongs to the subgenus Bicanestrinia, together with C. arachthosensis, C. meridionalis and C. trichonica. According to cladistic analysis of DNA sequence data (nDNA RAG-1 and S7 ribosomal protein intron 1, and mtDNA cytochrome b), the first of these is an extremely close relative and might arguably be included in the present species. C. arachthosensis is only found in the Arachthos River basin, parapatric to the range of C. hellenica.
Its natural habitats are the Louros and Thyamis River basins. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Drewno, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Drewno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gąsawa, within Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Gąsawa, 18 km (11 mi) south-east of Żnin, and 46 km (29 mi) south of Bydgoszcz.