# List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia

The prime minister of Czechoslovakia (Czech: předseda vlády Československa, Slovak: predseda vlády Česko-Slovenska) was the head of government of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 1 January 1993.
During periods when the post of the president of Czechoslovakia was vacant, the prime minister took on most presidential duties. However, the Czechoslovak constitutions do not define anything like a post of acting president.

## Prime ministers of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)
### Other factions

| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Ethnicity | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party |
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Ethnicity | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party |
| First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) ||||||||
| 1 | | Karel Kramář (1860–1937) | Czech | 14 November 1918 | 8 July 1919 | 236 days | ČSND |
| 2 | | Vlastimil Tusar (1880–1924) | Czech | 8 July 1919 | 15 September 1920 | 1 year, 69 days | ČSSD |
| 3 | | Jan Černý (1874–1959) | Czech | 15 September 1920 | 26 September 1921 | 1 year, 11 days | Independent |
| 4 | | Edvard Beneš (1884–1948) | Czech | 26 September 1921 | 7 October 1922 | 1 year, 11 days | Independent |
| 5 | | Antonín Švehla (1873–1933) | Czech | 7 October 1922 | 18 March 1926 | 3 years, 162 days | RSZML |
| 6 | | Jan Černý (1874–1959) | Czech | 18 March 1926 | 12 October 1926 | 208 days | Independent |
| 7 | | Antonín Švehla (1873–1933) | Czech | 12 October 1926 | 1 February 1929 | 2 years, 112 days | RSZML |
| 8 | | František Udržal (1866–1938) | Czech | 1 February 1929 | 24 October 1932 | 3 years, 266 days | RSZML |
| 9 | | Jan Malypetr (1873–1947) | Czech | 24 October 1932 | 5 November 1935 | 3 years, 12 days | RSZML |
| 10 | | Milan Hodža (1878–1944) | Slovak | 5 November 1935 | 22 September 1938 | 2 years, 321 days | RSZML |
| Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939) ||||||||
| 11 | | Jan Syrový (1888–1970) | Czech | 22 September 1938 | 1 December 1938 | 70 days | Independent |
| 12 | | Rudolf Beran (1887–1954) | Czech | 1 December 1938 | 15 March 1939 | 104 days | RSZML / SNJ |
| Occupation (1939–1945) Alois Eliáš became Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a de iure autonomous region incorporated into Nazi Germany. Jan Šrámek became Prime Minister within the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, which was the government of Czechoslovakia recognized by the Allies during World War II. Vojtech Tuka became Prime Minister of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak Republic. Julian Révaý [uk] became Prime Minister of the Carpatho-Ukraine few days before invasion and occupation by the Kingdom of Hungary. ||||||||
| Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948) ||||||||
| 13 | | Zdeněk Fierlinger (1891–1976) | Czech | 5 April 1945 | 2 July 1946 | 1 year, 88 days | ČSSD |
| 14 | | Klement Gottwald (1896–1953) | Czech | 2 July 1946 | 15 June 1948 | 1 year, 349 days | KSČ |
| Communist Era (1948–1989) Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1989) ||||||||
| 15 | | Antonín Zápotocký (1884–1957) | Czech | 15 June 1948 | 14 March 1953 | 4 years, 272 days | KSČ |
| 16 | | Viliam Široký (1902–1971) | Slovak | 14 March 1953 | 20 September 1963 | 10 years, 190 days | KSČ |
| 17 | | Jozef Lenárt (1923–2004) | Slovak | 20 September 1963 | 8 April 1968 | 4 years, 201 days | KSČ |
| 18 | | Oldřich Černík (1921–1994) | Czech | 8 April 1968 | 28 January 1970 | 1 year, 295 days | KSČ |
| 19 | | Lubomír Štrougal (1924–2023) | Czech | 28 January 1970 | 12 October 1988 | 18 years, 258 days | KSČ |
| 20 | | Ladislav Adamec (1926–2007) | Czech | 12 October 1988 | 7 December 1989 | 1 year, 56 days | KSČ |
| Post–Communist Era (1989–1992) Official names: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992) ||||||||
| 21 | | Marián Čalfa (born 1946) | Slovak | 7 December 1989 | 2 July 1992 | 2 years, 208 days | KSČ / VPN / ODÚ |
| 22 | | Jan Stráský (1940–2019) | Czech | 2 July 1992 | 31 December 1992 | 182 days | ODS |