OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Indian buffet process

In the mathematical theory of probability, the Indian buffet process (IBP) is a stochastic process defining a probability distribution over sparse binary matrices with a finite number of rows and an infinite number of columns. This distribution is suitable to use as a prior for models with potentially infinite number of features. The form of the prior ensures that only a finite number of features will be present in any finite set of observations but more features may appear as more data points are observed.

## Indian buffet process prior

Let $Z$ be an $N\times K$ binary matrix indicating the presence or absence of a latent feature. The IBP places the following prior on $Z$:
    $p(Z)={\frac {\alpha ^{K^{+}}}{\prod _{i=1}^{N}K_{1}^{(i)}!}}\exp\{-\alpha H_{N}\}\prod _{k=1}^{K^{+}}{\frac {(N-m_{k})!(m_{k}-1)!}{N!}}$
where ${K^{+}}$ is the number of non-zero columns in $Z$, $m_{k}$ is the number of ones in column $k$ of $Z$, $H_{N}$ is the $N$-th harmonic number, and $K_{1}^{(i)}$ is the number of new dishes sampled by the $i$-th customer. The parameter $\alpha$ controls the expected number of features present in each observation.
In the Indian buffet process, the rows of $Z$ correspond to customers and the columns correspond to dishes in an infinitely long buffet. The first customer takes the first $\mathrm {Poisson} (\alpha )$ dishes. The $i$-th customer then takes dishes that have been previously sampled with probability $m_{k}/i$, where $m_{k}$ is the number of people who have already sampled dish $k$. He also takes $\mathrm {Poisson} (\alpha /i)$ new dishes. Therefore, $z_{nk}$ is one if customer $n$ tried the $k$-th dish and zero otherwise.
This process is infinitely exchangeable for an equivalence class of binary matrices defined by a left-ordered many-to-one function. $\operatorname {lof} (Z)$ is obtained by ordering the columns of the binary matrix $Z$ from left to right by the magnitude of the binary number expressed by that column, taking the first row as the most significant bit.
# The Scarlet Drop

The Scarlet Drop is a 1918 American silent Western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. For several decades, just over 30 minutes of footage of the film was thought to have survived in the Getty Images Archive. In January 2024, academic film historian Jaime Córdova Ortega [es] discovered a complete version in an abandoned warehouse in Providencia, Chile. It was later digitized, and screened at the Valparaiso Recovered Film Festival, organized by Córdova Ortega.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, "Kaintuck" Ridge (Carey), refused admission to the local militia to fight on the side of Union in the American Civil War, joins a gang of marauders and at the end of the conflict finds himself a fugitive with a price on his head. He goes west and becomes a bandit. Marley Calvert (Pegg), who kept Kaintuck out of the army, also goes west and takes up mining. Betty Calvert (Schade) is taken captive when Kaintuck holds up a stage coach. His hatred for the Calverts is overcome by his admiration for Molly (Malone) and later, when her honor is attacked by a former suitor, he defends her and wins her love.

## Cast

* Harry Carey as "Kaintuck" Harry Ridge
* Molly Malone as Molly Calvert
* Vester Pegg as Marley Calvert
* Betty Schade as Betty Calvert
* Millard K. Wilson as Graham Lyons (credited as M.K. Wilson)
* Martha Mattox as Mammy
* Steve Clemente as Buck (credited as Steve Clemento)

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, The Scarlet Drop was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors issued an Adults Only permit for the film and cut, in Reel 2, the shooting of man standing in church yard, Reel 3, placing tree in road, all scenes of coach holdup except where young woman and bandit are conversing, two scenes of outlaws taking spoils from passengers, Reel 5, three fight scenes were man presses knife towards opponent, two scenes of men throwing knives, and man shooting Ridge.
# Murder of Maina Sunuwar

The Maina Sunuwar murder case concerns the murder of Maina Sunuwar, a 15-year-old girl killed by the Nepalese Army in February 2004 during the Nepalese Civil War, at Birendra Peace Operations Training Center, Panchkhal, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal.

## Incident

According to a report by the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights in Nepal, on 17 February 2004, Nepalese Army officers arrested and took Sunuwar from her home in Kharelthok, Kavrepalanchowk District, to the Birendra Peace Operations Training Centre in Panchkhal. The army had gone to the village acting on information provided by Maoist cadre Bimala BK, who had been arrested by police in the Palanchok area, and told the army in the course of the interrogation that Debi Sunuwar and her daughter Maina Sunuwar were in contact with the Maoist party. At the Training Centre, she was brutally tortured in the presence of seven officers and soldiers, including two captains. Under the orders of the then Lt. Col. Babi Khatri, her head was repeatedly submerged in a large pot of water.
The soldiers then gave electric shocks to her wet hands and feet, repeated four or five times. The torture continued for 90 minutes, after which she was detained in a building on the premises of the Training Center. There she was left blindfolded and handcuffed; she later began vomiting and foaming at the mouth and died before medical assistance arrived.
The officers and soldiers involved attempted to cover up her death. Her body was shot in the back and buried inside the Training Center. The colonel in charge then fabricated a report stating that Sunuwar had been shot while trying to escape military custody.
In September 2005, after intense public and international pressure, three officers were brought before a court martial and sentenced to six months' imprisonment for failing to follow proper procedures when disposing of Maina Sunuwar's body.
In April 2017, a court sentenced three more soldiers to 20 years in jail for the killing. Human rights groups fear the three soldiers may not serve their sentences.
# Henri Morel (Swiss politician)

Henri Morel (13 June 1838 in Claye – 18 May 1912) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss National Council (1886/1887).
# 1984–85 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season

The 1984–85 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 46th season of ice hockey in Norway. Ten teams participated in the league, and Valerenga Ishockey won the championship.

## First round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Vålerenga Ishockey | 18 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 116:58 | 27 |
| 2. | Storhamar Ishockey | 18 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 134:77 | 27 |
| 3. | Sparta Sarpsborg | 18 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 103:65 | 25 |
| 4. | Furuset IF | 18 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 104:70 | 25 |
| 5. | Stjernen | 18 | 11 | 0 | 7 | 96:65 | 22 |
| 6. | Manglerud Star Ishockey | 18 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 104:90 | 19 |
| 7. | Frisk Asker | 18 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 97:68 | 19 |
| 8. | Hasle-Løren Idrettslag | 18 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 79:109 | 12 |
| 9. | Viking IK | 18 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 47:106 | 4 |
| 10. | Strindheim IL | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 44:216 | 0 |

## Second round

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Storhamar Ishockey | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 58:48 | 16 |
| 2. | Vålerenga Ishockey | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 51:39 | 12 |
| 3. | Sparta Sarpsborg | 10 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 51:42 | 11 |
| 4. | Furuset IF | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 56:49 | 9 |
| 5. | Manglerud Star Ishockey | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 44:61 | 8 |
| 6. | Stjernen | 10 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 44:65 | 4 |

## Playoffs

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Vålerenga Ishockey | 2 |
| Sparta Sarpsborg | 0 | | |
| Sparta Sarpsborg | 0 | Vålerenga Ishockey | 3 |
| | | Furuset IF | 1 |
| Storhamar Ishockey | 1 | Furuset IF | 1 |
| Furuset IF | 2 | | |
| Furuset IF | 2 | Third place | Third place |
| | | Not played | |

## Kvalserien

| | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1. | Frisk Asker | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 77:22 | 20 |
| 2. | Viking IK | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 49:28 | 15 |
| 3. | Hasle-Løren Idrettslag | 10 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 45:41 | 13 |
| 4. | Forward Flyers | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 25:41 | 5 |
| 5. | SK Djerv | 10 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 32:52 | 4 |
| 6. | Strindheim IL | 10 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 35:80 | 3 |
# K. Velayudam

Karuppaiah Velayudam (Tamil: கருப்பையா வேலாயுதம்; 6 April 1950 – 13 October 2015) was a Sri Lankan trade unionist, politician and state minister.

## Early life

Velayudam was born on 6 April 1950.

## Career

Velayudam started his trade union career as a grassroots level organizer for the Lanka Jathika Estate Workers Union (LJEWU), a trade union representing tea, rubber and other plantation workers. The LJEWU is affiliated to the United National Party (UNP). He held several positions at the LJEWU before being appointed its Director Workers Education in 1982, a position he held until 2002. He was elected general-secretary of the union in 2003 at its 23rd Delegate Convention. Velayudam became general-secretary of the National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), of which the LJEWU is a member, in 2005. He became interim president of NTUF in 2008 before being elected president in October 2011 at its second congress.
Velayudam had been a member of Uva Provincial Council (UPC) since its creation in 1988. Following the death of Percy Samaraweera he became the UNP's chief ministerial candidate in Uva during the 1999 provincial council election but the UNP lost control of the council to the People's Alliance. Velayudam contested the 2001 parliamentary election as one of the United National Front's (UNF) candidates in Badulla District. He was elected and entered Parliament. He stood for re-election at the 2004 parliamentary election as one of the UNF's candidates in Badulla District but failed to get elected after coming seventh among the UNF candidates.
Velayudam contested the 2004 provincial council election as one of the UNP's candidates in Badulla District and was re-elected to the UPC. He was re-elected at the 2009 provincial council election. He contested the 2010 parliamentary election as one of the UNF's candidates in Badulla District but again failed to get elected after coming third among the UNF candidates. However, he re-entered Parliament on 8 August 2014 following the resignation of Harin Fernando. After the 2015 presidential election he was appointed State Minister of Plantation Industries by newly elected President Maithripala Sirisena.
Velayudam did not contest the 2015 parliamentary election but was instead placed on the United National Front for Good Governance's (UNFGG) list of National List candidates. However, after the election he was not appointed to the National List. He was the chief UNP organiser for Passara.
Velayudam died on 13 October 2015 at a private hospital in Chennai, India.

## Electoral history

Electoral history of K. Velayudam :
| Election | Constituency | Party | Votes | Result |
| 1988 provincial | Badulla District | | | Elected |
| 1993 provincial | Badulla District | | | Elected |
| 1999 provincial | Badulla District | | | Elected |
| 2001 parliamentary | Badulla District | UNF | 40,753 | Elected |
| 2004 parliamentary | Badulla District | UNF | 36,328 | Not elected |
| 2004 provincial | Badulla District | UNP | 15,423 | Elected |
| 2009 provincial | Badulla District | UNP | 14,870 | Elected |
| 2010 parliamentary | Badulla District | UNF | 25,056 | Not elected |
# Namsan (Gyeongju)

Namsan (Korean: 남산; lit. south mountain) is a 494-meter peak in the heart of Gyeongju National Park, just south of Gyeongju, South Korea. The mountain is within easy reach from the city and attracts a large number of domestic tourists. Namsan covers an area of about 8 km (north-south) by 12 km (east-west). Some 180 peaks are counted, of which Geumobong (468 m) and Gouibong (495 m) are the best-known. There are about 40 valleys.

## Cultural remains

Namsan is home to many historic and cultural remains, and is now part of the historic area around Gyeongju that was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage in 2000.
Namsan is home to many remains from the Silla period, including some tombs of Silla rulers. There are hundreds of remains scattered around the mountain. Poseokjeong is one of the most famous of these sites, lying at the foot of Namsan. Other remains include Korean Buddhist art, sculptures, about 80 carved reliefs, about 60 stone pagodas and remains of about 100 temples and palaces mostly built between the 7th and 10th century. 12 of these relicts are designated national treasures. It also contains the ruins of the fortress Namsansinseong.
The concentration of remains is particularly high at the foothills west of Namsan. The remains are thought to reflect the rise and fall of the Silla kingdom. Najeong Well is the mystic birthplace of King Park Hyeokgeose, founder of the Silla dynasty. Only a small stone with inscriptions remains of this site. According to legend, one day in 69 BC Seobeol—chieftain of Goheo village—spotted a white horse kneeling by Najeong well. When approaching the site to take a closer look, the horse disappeared, but he found an egg. From the egg hatched a boy who was chosen to become king at the age of 13.
The Yangsanjae shrine was built in honour of a founder who lived in Seorabeol before the Silla kingdom was established. A famous site is the three stone Buddha statue of Bae-ri. The site features three Buddha figures carved into stone. More recently, a roof was erected to protect the statues.
The sitting stone statue of Buddha in the Mireuk valley, the sitting image of Bodhisattva carved into a stone wall at Sinseonam are two of the designated national treasures. In addition, there are sites of local significance, such as the sitting figure of Sakyamuni carved on a rock in Samneung Valley. This figure is about 7 metres high and about 5 metres wide. It is the biggest sitting statue at Namsam.
Cheongwansa is a historic temple.

## Nature

Namsan is not only known for the Silla remains, but also appreciated by visitors for its natural environment.

## Gallery

* Stone pagoda on Namsan
* Buddha relief carved into stone in Tapgok Valley
# The Old Woman in the Wood

"The Old Woman in the Wood" (German: Die Alte im Wald) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm, tale number 123. It is Aarne-Thompson type 442.

## Synopsis

A beautiful but poor servant girl was traveling with the family she worked for when robbers attacked them. She hid behind a tree, but no one else survived. She lamented her fate and a dove came to her with a golden key. He told her to unlock a tree and she found food there. In the evening, he brought her to a tree with a bed. She lived like this for many days. When the dove asked her to do something for him, she agreed. He told her to go to a house and go in. An old woman would greet her, but she should not answer. She should open an inner door, which will reveal a room full of splendid rings, but she should take a plain one.
The old woman was quite angry, but the girl did not heed her. Then, when she could not see the plain ring, she saw the old woman trying to carry off a birdcage. She took it away from her. It held a bird, which held the ring in its beak, so she took it outside and waited against a tree. Two branches turned into arms about her as the tree turned into a handsome man who kissed her. He told her that the old woman was a witch who had turned him into a tree, and for two hours a day, he became a dove, and she had freed him. All his attendants turned back from trees to humans as well. With the prince being the king's son, they went to his father's kingdom and got married.

## Analysis

The tale is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 442, "The Old Woman in the Woods" (previously, "The Old Man in the Woods"): the heroine survives a robbers' attack by hiding up a tree; a dove flies in and gives her a key which she can use to open three nearby trees; the heroine then goes to the house of an old woman in the woods to fetch a ring; in doing so, the heroine releases a prince from an arboreal form.

## In popular culture

"The Old Woman in the Wood" is featured in Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics, with several changes. The talking dove is an owl, his tree form only appears at the end, and in his owl form, he has more direct interactions with the servant girl, here named Lisbeth. The witch attacks the family with a horde of goblins instead of a band of robbers. The tasks that Lisbeth faces are slightly different from the original ones: she must go inside the house when the witch isn't home; look for a specific magical key in the witch's treasury, one whose handle is shaped like a human head; use it on a specific door (which turns out to be the nose of a skull placed on top of a rotating shelf); then find a gold ring and bring it to the owl. In addition, she cannot talk or even scream while she is in the house.
# Dahiyat Qudsaya

Dahiyat Qudsaya (Arabic: ضاحية قدسيا السكنية الجديدة, lit. 'Qudsaya Modern Residential Suburb') is a modern suburb adjacent to the town of Qudsaya and just north of the Mezzeh district of Damascus in Syria. The village is administratively part of the Qudsaya District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. Nearby localities include al-Hamah to the north, and the affluent suburbs of al-Sabboura and Yaafour to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Dahiyat Qudsaya had a population of 9,500 in the 2004 census.
# Farrokhabad, Central

Farrokhabad (Persian: فرخ اباد, also Romanized as Farrokhābād) is a village in Anaran Rural District, in the Central District of Dehloran County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 643, in 96 families. The village is populated by Lurs.
# Lindsay Vaughn

Lindsay Vaughn is an American politician serving as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 22nd district. Elected in the November 2020, she assumed office on January 11, 2021.

## Early life and education

Vaughn was born in Overland Park, Kansas, and graduated from Blue Valley Northwest High School. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and cultural anthropology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

## Career

Vaughn has worked as a volunteer coordinator for Literary KC. In 2018, she was a field organizer for Sharice Davids. She was also the chair of the Johnson County Young Democrats. She worked on the campaigns of state representatives Brett Parker and Brandon Woodard.
Vaughn was elected to the Kansas House of Representatives in November 2020 and assumed office on January 11, 2021.
She has led efforts to protect groundwater in Kansas by endorsing legislation to curtail pumping in the state. She has also sponsored legislation to abolish Capital punishment in Kansas.
# Vahan Juharyan

Vahan Juharyan (Armenian: Վահան Ջուհարյանին; born 26 January 1978) is an Armenian wrestler. He won the silver medal at the 1997 World Wrestling Championships in Wrocław and gold medal at the 2004 European Wrestling Championships in Haparanda.
Juharyan was a member of the Armenian Greco-Roman wrestling team at the 2010 Wrestling World Cup. The Armenian team came in third place.
# Nailya Gilyazova

Nailya Faizrakhmanovna Gilyazova (Russian: Наиля Файзрахмановна Гилязова; born 2 January 1953) is a Soviet fencer. She won a gold medal in the women's team foil event at the 1976 Summer Olympics and a silver in the same event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# 1924 Green Bay Packers season

The 1924 Green Bay Packers season was their sixth season overall and their fourth season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 7–4 league record under player/coach Curly Lambeau earning them a sixth-place finish in the standings.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Venue | Attendance | Recap |
| — | September 14 | Ironwood Legion | W 15–0 | — | Bellevue Park | "biggest opening day crowd ever" | — |
| — | September 21 | Chicago Bears | W 5–0 | — | Bellevue Park | ~ 4000 | — |
| 1 | September 28 | at Duluth Kelleys | L 3–6 | 0–1 | Athletic Park | 2,200 | Recap |
| 2 | October 5 | at Chicago Cardinals | L 0–3 | 0–2 | Normal Park | 2,852 | Recap |
| 3 | October 12 | Kansas City Blues | W 16–0 | 1–2 | Bellevue Park | 2,800 | Recap |
| 4 | October 19 | Milwaukee Badgers | W 17–0 | 2–2 | Bellevue Park | 4,150 | Recap |
| 5 | October 26 | Minneapolis Marines | W 19–0 | 3–2 | Bellevue Park | 2,500 | Recap |
| 6 | November 2 | Racine Legion | W 6–3 | 4–2 | Bellevue Park | 4,000 | Recap |
| 7 | November 9 | Duluth Kelleys | W 13–0 | 5–2 | Bellevue Park | 2,700 | Recap |
| 8 | November 16 | at Milwaukee Badgers | W 17–10 | 6–2 | Athletic Park | 3,800 | Recap |
| 9 | November 23 | at Chicago Bears | L 0–3 | 6–3 | Cubs Park | 6,000 | Recap |
| 10 | November 27 | at Kansas City Blues | W 17–6 | 7–3 | Muehlebach Field | 1,542 | Recap |
| 11 | November 30 | at Racine Legion | L 0–7 | 7–4 | Horlick Field | 2,200 | Recap |
| Note: Games in italics are exhibition games. Thanksgiving Day: November 27. |||||||||

## Standings

NFL standings :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | PF | PA | STK |
| Cleveland Bulldogs | 7 | 1 | 1 | .875 | 229 | 60 | W2 |
| Chicago Bears | 6 | 1 | 4 | .857 | 136 | 55 | W3 |
| Frankford Yellow Jackets | 11 | 2 | 1 | .846 | 326 | 109 | W8 |
| Duluth Kelleys | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 | 56 | 16 | W1 |
| Rock Island Independents | 5 | 2 | 2 | .714 | 88 | 38 | L1 |
| Green Bay Packers | 7 | 4 | 0 | .636 | 108 | 38 | L1 |
| Racine Legion | 4 | 3 | 3 | .571 | 69 | 47 | W1 |
| Chicago Cardinals | 5 | 4 | 1 | .556 | 90 | 67 | L1 |
| Buffalo Bisons | 6 | 5 | 0 | .545 | 120 | 140 | L3 |
| Columbus Tigers | 4 | 4 | 0 | .500 | 91 | 68 | L1 |
| Hammond Pros | 2 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 18 | 45 | W2 |
| Milwaukee Badgers | 5 | 8 | 0 | .385 | 142 | 188 | L2 |
| Akron Pros | 2 | 6 | 0 | .250 | 59 | 132 | W1 |
| Dayton Triangles | 2 | 6 | 0 | .250 | 45 | 148 | L6 |
| Kansas City Blues | 2 | 7 | 0 | .222 | 46 | 124 | L2 |
| Kenosha Maroons | 0 | 4 | 1 | .000 | 12 | 117 | L2 |
| Minneapolis Marines | 0 | 6 | 0 | .000 | 14 | 108 | L6 |
| Rochester Jeffersons | 0 | 7 | 0 | .000 | 7 | 156 | L7 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.