OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Warrington Haward

J. Warrington Haward FRCS (13 November 1841 – 20 August 1921) was an English surgeon, noteworthy as the last President of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London before it became expanded into the Royal Society of Medicine.
The youngest surviving son in a family with ten children, J. Warrington Haward was the grand-nephew of the engraver Francis Haward. In October 1860 Warrington Haward entered the medical school of St George's Hospital and in 1863 became M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. He was house surgeon in 1864 at the Westminster Hospital and in 1865–1866 at the Hospital for Sick Children in Great Ormond Street. At St George's Hospital he was from 1867 demonstrator of anatomy, then in 1870–1872 surgical registrar, in 1873–1875 demonstrator of morbid anatomy (and curator of the associated museum), in 1875–1880 assistant surgeon and surgeon to the orthopædic department, and in 1880–1900 full surgeon to the orthopedic department. In 1878–1880 he was Visiting Surgeon to Atkinson Morley's Convalescent Hospital in succession to Pick. In 1868 he was made F.R.C.S. and for more than thirty years gave active service to many charities and committees. He was the President of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society in 1906–1907 and the president of the Surgical Section of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1908–1909.
In 1876 he married Amy Cecilia, daughter of James Nicholls, M.D., F.R.C.S. The marriage produced two sons, Lawrence Warrington Haward and Tristram Warrington Haward.
J. Warrington Haward belonged to the Athenaeum Club.

## Selected publications

* Haward, J. Warrington (1867). "On Croup and Diphtheria". St. George's Hospital Reports. ume II for the year 1867: 169–186.
* Phlebitis and thrombosis; the Hunterian lectures delivered before the Royal college of surgeons of England in March, 1906.
* "Address of J. Warrington Haward President at the Annual Meeting, March 1st, 1907". Med Chir Trans. 90: xcviii–cvi. 1907. PMC 2038534.
# Israel Railways JT 42CW

The JT 42CW is a class of six axle Co'Co' diesel electric freight locomotives manufactured by Alstom's Meinfesa plant in Valencia Spain in the late 1990s for use by Israel Railways (IR).

## Description

The locomotives are of the Prima type, produced at Alstom's plant in Valencia, Spain in collaboration with GM-EMD; the locomotives use EMD traction equipment and an EMD 710 engine. The units were ordered in 1996 and entered service in 1998.
The locomotives were designed for freight work, but have also been used to haul passenger trains due to a shortage of locomotives.
The locomotives were specified for work hauling phosphate trains from the Dead Sea to Mediterranean ports, with loads of up to 3,000 t (6,613,868 lb) on slopes up to 1.5% to 2% (1:67 to 1:50 grades).
# Borki, Tuchola County

Borki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuchola, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north of Tuchola and 62 km (39 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.
# Abu al-Hasan Ali

Abu al-Hasan 'Ali (died c. 1009) was ruler of Khwarazm (a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia) from 997 until his death c. 1009. The second member of the Ma'munid dynasty, he was the son of Ma'mun I ibn Muhammad.
In 997, Ali took over Khwarazm following his father's death. Little is known of his reign, but his emirate was dependent upon the Karakhanids, rivals of the Ghaznavids. He died around 1009 and was succeeded by his brother, Abu al-Abbas Ma'mun.
# Red River Valley and Western Railroad

The Red River Valley and Western Railroad (reporting mark RRVW) is a regional railroad operating in the US states of North Dakota and Minnesota. It began operations in 1987 in an era of railroad restructuring.
Its 648 miles (1,043 km) of track, originally acquired from the Burlington Northern Railroad, included:
* Wahpeton, North Dakota to Oakes, North Dakota
* Breckenridge, Minnesota to Brushvale, Minnesota
* Wahpeton, North Dakota to Casselton, North Dakota
* Chaffee Junction, North Dakota to Chaffee, North Dakota
* Casselton, North Dakota to Marion, North Dakota
* Oakes, North Dakota to Jamestown, North Dakota
* Horace, North Dakota to Independence, North Dakota
* La Moure, North Dakota to Edgeley, North Dakota
* Jamestown, North Dakota to Minnewaukan, North Dakota
* Pingree, North Dakota to Regan, North Dakota
* Carrington, North Dakota to Turtle Lake, North Dakota
* Oberon, North Dakota to Esmond, North Dakota
Shortly after it began operations, the Red River Valley and Western Railroad acquired a 19-mile (31 km) rail line between Oakes, North Dakota and Hecla, South Dakota from the Dakota, Minnesota, and Eastern Railroad. It abandoned 18 miles (29 km) of this rail line, beginning just south of Oakes, North Dakota, on September 7, 2001.
Currently, the Red River Valley and Western Railroad owns and operates 490 miles (790 km) of trackage which includes:
* Breckenridge, Minnesota to Brushvale, Minnesota
* Wahpeton, North Dakota to Oakes, North Dakota
* Wahpeton, North Dakota to Casselton, North Dakota
* Chaffee Junction, North Dakota to Chaffee, North Dakota
* Oakes, North Dakota to Jamestown, North Dakota
* Horace, North Dakota to Independence, North Dakota
* La Moure, North Dakota to Edgeley, North Dakota
* Jamestown, North Dakota to Maddock, North Dakota
* Pingree, North Dakota to Woodworth, North Dakota
* Additional trackage rights on the BNSF Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway from Ransom Junction, North Dakota to Lucca, North Dakota, from Casselton, North Dakota to Jamestown, North Dakota, and from Breckenridge, Minnesota to Geneseo Junction, North Dakota
The Red River Valley and Western Railroad is affiliated with the Twin Cities and Western Railroad and the Minnesota Prairie Line.
# Orrs Run

Orrs Run is a 1.75 mi (2.82 km) long 2nd order tributary to Middle Wheeling Creek in Ohio County, West Virginia. This is the only stream of this name in the United States.

## Course

Orrs Run rises in a pond about 2 miles east-southeast of Roneys Point, West Virginia, and then flows generally southeast to join Middle Wheeling Creek about 0.25 miles northeast of Camp Giscowhego.

## Watershed

Orrs Run drains 1.67 square miles (4.3 km$^2$) of area, receives about 41.1 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 306.78, and is about 46% forested.
# Fulton Creek (Ohio)

Fulton Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Ohio.
Fulton Creek was named for one Mr. Fulton, a pioneer who disappeared near this creek and was not heard from again, despite an extensive search.
# Duck mussel

The duck mussel (Anodonta anatina) is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

## Description

See Animalbase below (external link).
Right and left valve of the same specimen:
* Right valve
* Left valve

## Distribution

The native distribution of this species is European-Siberian.
* Croatia
* Czech Republic – in Bohemia, in Moravia, least concern (LC)
* Germany – (Arten der Vorwarnliste) Listed as specially protected species in annex 1 of the Bundesartenschutzverordnung.
* Great Britain
** Isle of Man – National Biodiversity Data Centre, Ireland found at Lhen mouth (1922–25) and at Guilcagh (1985). Not protected by Wildlife Act 1990.
* Ireland – recorded through much of the country
* Netherlands – yes
* Russia – Northwest European Russia to Siberia
* Slovakia
* Sweden – it is the most widely distributed large freshwater bivalve in Sweden
* Spain
* Finland
# Kŭmsŏng-class locomotive

The Kŭmsŏng class (Korean: 금성, "Gold Star") locomotives are an unlicensed copy of the Soviet-made M62-type diesel locomotive, built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works in P'yŏngyang, North Korea.

## Description

Starting in 1967, the Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Factory in Voroshilovgrad, USSR (now Luhansk, Ukraine), began production of 64 K62-class variants of the M62 for the Korean State Railway. The Kim Chong-t'ae works subsequently reverse-engineered these locomotives, along with their diesel engines and other components imported from the USSR. These efforts led to the production of the Kŭmsŏng class locomotives using both copied components and Russian-made parts.
In testing, the first prototype, numbered 8001, the goal of attaining a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) was achieved, and the copy of the Kolomna 14D40 engine produced 1,470 kW (1,970 hp). However, reliability issues prevented mass production. The second unit, 8002, has been on display at the Three Revolutions Exhibition in P'yŏngyang since it was built. The first two units were both painted in a yellow and red livery, strikingly different from the blue and green scheme applied to the Soviet-made versions. 8001 is in service, pulling trains on the P'yŏngŭi Line.
There are a number of noticeable external differences between the Kŭmsŏng class locomotives and the Soviet-built M62s. The most immediately evident is the number and arrangement of the side windows, and the shape of the cab windows. Also very different are the headlights: the top light is round on the Kŭmsŏng instead of rectangular, and the main headlights are mounted in pairs, and higher up, than on the M62. Another readily noticeable difference is that the bogie frames are constructed with welded steel profiles.

## Conversions to electric

Like the M62, some Kŭmsŏng class locomotives have also been converted to Kanghaenggun-class electric locomotives. Two have been seen so far - #0309 in dark green and white, and #399 in dark blue and white, but it is not known whether these were converted from existing Kŭmsŏng class locomotives originally built as diesels, or if the electrics use newly built bodies.
# Borowo, Rypin County

Borowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rogowo, within Rypin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Rogowo, 8 km (5 mi) south of Rypin, and 58 km (36 mi) east of Toruń.
# List of 2010s ballet premieres

This is a list of ballet premieres in the 2010s, by year.

## 2010

| title | choreographer | composer | company | venue | date |
| Why am I not where you are | Benjamin Millepied | Thierry Escaich | New York City Ballet | David H. Koch Theater | Thursday, April 29 |
| Outlier | Wayne McGregor | Thomas Adès | New York City Ballet | David H. Koch Theater | Saturday, May 14 |
| Plainspoken | Benjamin Millepied | David Lang | New York City Ballet | Center for the Arts, Jackson Hole | Friday, August 6 |

## 2011

| title | choreographer | composer | company | venue | date |
| RAkU | Yuri Possokhov | Shinji Eshima | San Francisco Ballet | War Memorial Opera House | February 3 |
| Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Christopher Wheeldon | Joby Talbot | Royal Ballet | Royal Opera House | February 28 |
| Ocean's Kingdom | Peter Martins | Paul McCartney | New York City Ballet | David H. Koch Theater | September 22 |
| Tom Sawyer: A Ballet in Three Acts | William Whitener | Maury Yeston | Kansas City Ballet | Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts | October 14 |

## 2013

| title | choreographer | composer | company | venue | date |
| The Sun Also Rises | Septime Webre | Billy Novick | The Washington Ballet | The Kennedy Center | May 8 |

## 2014

| title | choreographer | composer | company | venue | date |
| Dust | Akram Khan | Jocelyn Pook | English National Ballet | Barbican Centre | April 2 |
| The Winter's Tale | Christopher Wheeldon | Joby Talbot | Royal Ballet | Royal Opera House | April 10 |
| Everywhere We Go | Justin Peck | Sufjan Stevens | New York City Ballet | David H. Koch Theater | May 8 |
| Pictures at an Exhibition | Alexei Ratmansky | Modest Mussorgsky | New York City Ballet | David H. Koch Theater | October 2 |

## 2015

| title | choreographer | composer | company | venue | date |
| Rodeo: Four Dance Episodes | Justin Peck | Aaron Copland | New York City Ballet | David H. Koch Theater | February 4 |
| Charlotte Salomon: Der Tod und die Malerin | Bridget Breiner | Michelle DiBucci | Ballet im Revier | Musiktheater im Revier | February 14 |
| Swimmer | Yuri Possokhov | Shinji Eshima | San Francisco Ballet | War Memorial Opera House | April 10 |
| Woolf Works | Wayne McGregor | Max Richter | The Royal Ballet | Royal Opera House | May 11 |

## 2016

| title | choreographer | composer | company | venue | date |
| Blake Works I | William Forsythe | James Blake | Paris Opera Ballet | Palais Garnier | July 4 |
| Broken Wings | Annabelle Lopez Ochoa | Peter Salem | English National Ballet | Sadler's Wells Theatre | April 13 |
| In the Countenance of Kings | Justin Peck | Sufjan Stevens | San Francisco Ballet | War Memorial Opera House | April 7 |
| RIFT | Kitty McNamee | Anna Clyne | Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music | Santa Cruz Civic Auditorium | August 5 |
| The Red Shoes | Matthew Bourne | Bernard Herrmann | New Adventures | Sadler's Wells Theatre | December 6 |
| The Seasons' Canon | Crystal Pite | Max Richter and Antonio Vivaldi | Paris Opera Ballet | Palais Garnier | September 24 |
# Wooramel River

The Wooramel River is an ephemeral river in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.
The river rises near McLeod Pyramid and flows in a westerly direction, joined by six tributaries including the Wooramel River North, Bilung Creek, One Gum Creek and Nyarra Creek. The river is crossed by the Carnarvon-Mullewa Road near Pandara, then runs through the Carandibby Range. It runs through Wooramel Station before it is crossed by the North West Coastal Highway near the Wooramel Roadhouse, and discharges into Shark Bay and the Indian Ocean near Herald Loop. The catchment area has been approximately 40% cleared. The river descends 357 metres (1,171 ft) over its 363 kilometres (226 mi) course.
The river has a non-pristine estuary that has been mostly unmodified.
The estuary contains the seagrass Ruppia megacarpa and is naturally open to the ocean for two to six weeks per year, usually following a wet winter or a cyclonic event.
# Owens Branch (Ararat River tributary)

Owens Branch is a 4.06 mi (6.53 km) long 2nd order tributary to the Ararat River in Patrick County, Virginia.

## Course

Owens Branch rises on the Doe Run Creek divide about 4 miles northwest of The Hollow in Patrick County. Owens Branch then follows a southerly course to join the Ararat River about 1 mile west of The Hollow, Virginia.

## Watershed

Owens Branch drains 3.20 square miles (8.3 km$^2$) of area, receives about 49.3 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 312.67, and is about 62% forested.
# Vasil Kanchov

Vasil Kanchov (26 July 1862 – 6 February 1902) was a geographer, ethnographer and teacher who served as Minister of Education of Bulgaria.

## Early life and education

Vasil Kanchov was born in Vratsa. Upon graduating from High school in Lom, Bulgaria, and later he entered the University of Harkov, then in the Russian Empire. During the Serbo-Bulgarian War 1885 he suspended his education and took part in the war. Later, he went on to pursue studies at universities in Munich and Stuttgart, but in 1888 he interrupted his education again due to an illness.

## Career

In the following years Kanchov was a Bulgarian teacher in Macedonia. He was a teacher in the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki (1888–1891), a director of Bulgarian schools in Serres district (1891–1892), a headmaster of Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki (1892–1893), а chief school inspector of the Bulgarian schools in Macedonia (1894–1897).
After 1898 Kanchov returned to Bulgaria and went into politics. In the beginning of 1902 he became an educational minister of Bulgaria. He travelled extensively after 1888, visiting and researching all over Macedonia.

## Anatolia travel

Vasil Kanchov, who went to Istanbul with the financial support of a Bulgarian magazine at the beginning of 1899, was planning to research and observe the European side of the Marmara, but without giving a full reason, he postponed his visit to the aforementioned region and decided to wander around the Bulgarian settlements on the Anatolian side of the sea Manyas Lake.
He wrote down almost every moment of his 9-day trip. He first went from Istanbul to Mudanya, then to Bursa, then to Karacabey, Bandırma and finally to Gönen, interviewed Bulgarian families, examined the structures of the villages, researched places of worship. The things they wrote had the characteristics of what we can call the "travel book".

## Death

Vasil Kanchov was killed in his office by a psychopath.

## In popular culture

About him one of the founders of IMRO - Ivan Hadzhinikolov, said that Kanchov once had claimed that he came as a teacher in Thessaloniki to Bulgarianize Macedonia. Hadzhinikolov replied that he was overestimating himself, as Macedonia had long been Bulgarian and that Macedonian Bulgarians had been working for this for a long time.

## Works

* The region of Bitola, Prespa and Ohrid. Travel notes.. 1890 ("Битолско, Преспа и Охридско. Пътни бележки").
* The present and the past of the town of Veles. 1892 ("Сегашното и недавнашното минало на гр. Велес").
* Travel along the valleys of Struma, Mesta and Bregalnica. 1894-1896 („Пътуване по долините на Струма, Места и Брегалница“).
* City of Skopje. Notes on His Present and Past. 1898 („Град Скопие. Бележки за неговото настояще и минало“).
* Македония. Етнография и статистика (in Bulgarian). 1900. OCLC 749018540.
* Orohydrography of Macedonia 1911 ("Орохидрография на Македония").

## Honours

Kanchov Peak on Loubet Coast, Antarctica is named after Vasil Kanchov.
# An Introduction to... Elliott Smith

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 81/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Drowned in Sound | 10/10 |
| Pitchfork | 8.8/10 |
| PopMatters | 6/10 |
| Clash | 8/10 |
| Tom Hull | B |
An Introduction to... Elliott Smith is a posthumous compilation album by American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith, released on November 2, 2010 by Kill Rock Stars in the United States and in the United Kingdom by Domino.

## Background

The press release by Kill Rock Stars described the aim of the compilation's assembly and release:
   An Introduction To... is, as the title suggests, intended as an introduction to one of the greatest songwriters of our era. We hope this will enable new generations to learn about Elliott's music by providing a pathway for people to delve more deeply into his immensely satisfying catalog.
Larry Crane, Smith's archivist, remixed "Last Call" for this compilation from the 4-track cassette master. "Angel in the Snow" is also a new mix, done later than the version that appears on New Moon. Crane stated "I had used an inferior noise reduction process on New Moon; plus, I now have better tape transfers".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Elliott Smith
# Red Flag 5000-8/1 class locomotive

The Red Flag 5000-8/1 (붉은기, Pulg'ŭn'gi) is a class of universal mainline electric locomotives built by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works for the Korean State Railway.
In 1981, the Korean State Railway took delivery of seven Francorail-MTE CSE26-21 diesel locomotives from France, followed by five more in 1985. Due to oil shortages in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was decided to develop a new electric locomotive based on these diesels. Like all locomotive development in the DPRK, this work was carried out by the Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works in P'yŏngyang.
Apparently intended as a replacement for the Red Flag 1-class locomotives, these locomotives, of which at least 41 have been built, incorporate components copied from the original French parts. Used for mainline passenger and freight service, they are painted in the standard light blue over dark green livery, or its newer light green/dark green variant.

## Named locomotive

There is one known named locomotive:
* Commemoration of the 7th Congress of the General Federation of Trade Unions of Korea (조선직업총동맹 제7차대회기념호, Chosonjigopchongdongmaeng che7chadaehoekinyom-ho), numbered 5437, painted in light green over dark green.
# Manix Formation

The Manix Formation is a geologic formation in California. This formation dates to the Pleistocene Epoch and is known to preserve fossils. Specimens of the extinct camelid, Camelops have been uncovered from the Rancholabrean units of this formation of both the species C. hesternus and C. minidokae.
# Salvatore Ninfo

Salvatore Ninfo (1883-1960) was a union organizer and officer for the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU).

## Biography

Born in Sicily, Ninfo immigrated to the United States in 1899. For the next decade, Ninfo worked to organize Italian workers and lead in the garment industry's major early strikes. Except for a period (1903-1906) when he worked to organize Italian craft workers in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston for the American Federation of Labor (AFL), Ninfo worked with the ILGWU.
In 1902, Ninfo joined Local 9, the New York Cloak Finishers' and Tailors' Union. In 1906, when he returned from organizing for the AFL, he served as a member of the executive board of Local 9, and in 1908, he was both a delegate to the Cloak Joint Board and a general organizer for the ILGWU. Ninfo was deeply involved in the dressmakers' strike (1909) and the cloakmakers' strike (1910), also known as the "Uprising of the 20,000" and "The Great Revolt," and after the Protocol of Peace, he served as a business agent for the New York Cloak Joint Board and manager of Local 48.
Ninfo was elected vice president (1916) and then for a brief period of about four months, between Benjamin Schlesinger's resignation and Morris Sigman's election, he served as Acting President of the ILGWU (1923). After Sigman's election, Ninfo became first vice president (1923-1934) and later (1936), manager of Local 145 in Passaic, New Jersey.
Ninfo ran for Congress on the Socialist ticket in 1922, polling 14% of the vote against the Democrat Frank A. Oliver.
Ninfo left the ILGWU when he was elected to the New York City Council on the American Labor Party ticket in 1937. He served on the city council until 1943.
In 1939, just days after the outbreak of World War II, Ninfo's 29-year-old son Ralph was convicted of "inciting to a breach of the peace" by making sidewalk speeches calling for all American Jews to be killed. The elder Ninfo said he hoped his son would be "put in jail for the rest of his life," adding that he had washed his hands of his son. Ralph Ninfo said he had joined the Coughlinite Christian Citizens Committee.
# Cuacos de Yuste

Cuacos de Yuste is a municipality in the province of Cáceres and autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The municipality covers an area of 52.6 square kilometres (20.3 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 902 people. It is best known for the Monastery of Yuste, where Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, retired and died.
# Pauls Creek (Stewarts Creek tributary)

Pauls Creek is a 15.03 mi (24.19 km) long 3rd order tributary to Stewarts Creek in Surry County, North Carolina.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
* Garners Creek
* Little Pauls Creek

## Course

Pauls Creek rises at Fancy Gap, Virginia, in Carroll County and then flows south-southeast into Surry County, North Carolina to join Stewarts Creek about 1 mile west of Toast, North Carolina.

## Watershed

Pauls Creek drains 28.62 square miles (74.1 km$^2$) of area, receives about 50.4 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 318.13, and is about 65% forested.
# Gamble Creek

Gamble Creek is a stream in Manatee County, Florida, in the United States.
Gamble Creek derives its name from Major Robert Gamble, Jr.
# Germán Gamazo

Germán Gamazo y Calvo (28 May 1840, Boecillo – 22 November 1901, Madrid) was a Spanish politician and lawyer who was a minister several times in the 1880s and the 1890s.
# Battle of Maarrat Al-Nu'man

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#REDIRECT Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2012)