OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alvin Pierson

Alvin Peter "Pix" Pierson (1898 – 1974) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Fresno State College—now known as California State University, Fresno—in 1945 and again in 1949, compiling a record of 7–14–2.

## Early life

Pierson was born in 1898 in Carthage, South Dakota. He family moved to Sacramento, California in 1901 and later Modesto and Turlock. Pierson graduated from Turlock High School.

## College

Pierson played tackle on the freshman squad for Pomona College in 1917. He suffered a severe concussion during a game against Pomona High School on October 13, 1917. Pierson played for coach Andy Smith's California Golden Bears football "wonder teams" of the early 1920s. He then played for the Nevada Wolfpack.

## Coaching career
### Florida

Pierson was an assistant for coaches Tom Sebring and Charlie Bachman for the Florida Gators of the University of Florida, part of the staff on its 1928 team.

### Tampa

Pierson assisted fellow former Florida assistant Nash Higgins when he became head coach of the Tampa Spartans.

### Fresno State

Pierson was hired as head coach of Fresno State.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Fresno State Bulldogs (Independent) (1945) ||||||
| 1945 | Fresno State | 4–6–2 | | |
| Fresno State Bulldogs (California Collegiate Athletic Association) (1949) ||||||
| 1949 | Fresno State | 3–8 | 1–3 | T–3rd |
| Fresno State: | Fresno State: | 7–14–2 | 1–3 | |
| Total: | Total: | 7–14–2 | | |
# 2002 Somaliland municipal elections

Municipal elections were held across Somaliland on 15 December 2002. Six political associations fielded 2,368 candidates to contest 379 local council seats in nineteen of Somaliland's twenty-three electoral districts.
Prior to these elections, local government only consisted of a mayor and a councillor both appointed by the Ministry of Interior by the recommendation of the President. These elections would pave way for the establishment of popularly-elected local governments that were directly responsible to local constituencies.

## Political associations

The Constitution of Somaliland stipulated that only three political parties could exist at any one time. As a result, the three associations that gained the largest numbers of local council seats would become the official political parties and enjoyed exclusive legitimacy for the next ten years. A political organisation had to achieve 20% of the vote in at least four of Somaliland's six regions in order to become a national party and contest presidential and parliamentary elections.
The contenders that took part in this process included:
* United Peoples' Democratic Party (UDUB) led by President Dahir Riyale Kahin
* Peace, Unity, and Development Party (Kulmiye) headed by Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud
* For Justice and Development (UCID) led by Faysal Ali Warabe
* Sahan led by Dr Mohamed Abdi Gaboose
* Asad led by Suleiman Mohamoud Adan
* Hormood led by Umar Ghalib

## Results

Over 440,000 people took part in the country's first municipal elections. Results were announced a week later by the National Electoral Commission, with UDUB, Kulmiye and UCID finishing as the top three parties.
| Party | Party | Votes | % |
| | United Peoples' Democratic Party | 179,389 | 40.76 |
| | Kulmiye | 83,158 | 18.90 |
| | UCID | 49,444 | 11.24 |
| | Sahan | 47,942 | 10.89 |
| | Hormood | 40,538 | 9.21 |
| | ASAD | 39,596 | 9.00 |
| Total | Total | 440,067 | 100.00 |
| Source: African Elections Database ||||

## Aftermath

The elections were viewed largely as a success and was an essential step in the transition from a clan-based formed of governance to a democracy.
Political associations that ranked fourth or lower ceased to exist. Although Sahan passed the threshold of receiving 20% of the votes in at least four regions and UCID did not, it was decided that UCID's higher national vote share qualified it to become the third party, a controversial decision.
Councillors from the associations that were dissolved were subsequently required to join one of the newly appointed national parties, UDUB, Kulmiye or UCID.
# Giv'at Aliyah

Giv'at Aliyah is a residential neighborhood of Tel Aviv, Israel. It is located in the southern part of Jaffa.

## History

The first settlers in the area on which the neighborhood is located today were fishermen from the village of Jabalia, north of Gaza, in the 19th century. As the population of Jaffa swelled considerably in the late 19th century, the area attracted rich Arab families from Jaffa, as well as rich residents of other Arab towns, such as Jericho, Nablus and Jerusalem, who built their houses there, and the area became a suburb for the old city. During the British mandate, the area attracted British officers.
During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the Arab residents of the area fled and the neighborhood remained mostly empty until it was settled by immigrants arriving from Europe. In the following years, the stronger population moved out of the neighborhood, leaving the weakened population in the neighborhood.

## Landmarks

* Peres Peace House – Located in 132 Kedem St., the headquarters of Peres Center for Peace were opened in 2009.
* Beach and nature reserve – The southernmost beach of Tel Aviv-Jaffa. The beach is located within the Giv'at Aliya nature reserve, protecting the natural reefs.

## Sports

In the early 1950s a local sport club, Hapoel Giv'at Aliyah, operated in the neighborhood, with a senior team playing in Liga Gimel and a youth team playing in the Tel Aviv division of the youth league. The club was closed in 1952.
Until 2002 Hapoel Tel Aviv had a training facility in the neighborhood for youth development, which was closed when the club moved all its training facilities to a new training facility near the Wolfson Medical Center.
# Samuel Horatio Moreton

Samuel Horatio Moreton (1843–21 March 1921) was a New Zealand painter and signwriter, artist, explorer. He was born in London, England in about 1843.
# M55

M55 or M-55 may refer to:

## Military

* M55 (rocket), a nerve agent-filled American Cold War-era rocket
* Myasishchev M-55, a Soviet reconnaissance aircraft
* M55 self propelled howitzer, an American self-propelled artillery piece
* M55 machine gun trailer mount, an American quadruple .50 caliber machine gun system based on the M45 Quadmount
* Zastava M55, a Yugoslav/Serbian anti-aircraft gun
* Tikka M55, a Finnish rifle
* M55, a folding stock version of the M50 Reising submachine gun
* M-55S, a Slovenian tank, a modernization of the T-55
* M55 helmet, a Finnish variant of the Stahlhelm

## Science and technology

* Messier 55 (M55), a globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
* M55, a Samsung Sens laptop computer model
* Siemens M55, a mobile phone
* Cortex-M55, an ARM Cortex-M processor core
* ThinkCentre M55, a ThinkCentre M series PC

## Transportation

* M55 (New York City bus), a New York City Bus route in Manhattan

### Roads

* M55 motorway, a road in Lancashire, United Kingdom, connecting Blackpool and the M6 at Preston
* M55 highway (Russia), a 1113 km road connecting Irkutsk and Chita
* M-55 (Michigan highway), a road in Michigan connecting Lake Huron and Lake Michigan
* M55 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa

## Other uses

* M 55, an age group for Masters athletics
# Snow in Mongolia

In November 2015, snow covered up to 90% of the territory area of Mongolia.

## History

On 26 December 1966, Mongolia recorded its coldest temperature ever at minus 55.6°C at Züüngovi District of Uvs Province.

## By regions
### Ulaanbaatar

In December 2024, Ulaanbaatar employed 1,200 workers from sanitation service companies and other organizations for snow removal operation. The main materials used were deicing chemicals and salt.
# Ursus ingressus

Ursus ingressus is an extinct species of the cave bear species complex that lived in Central Europe during the Late Pleistocene. It is named after the Gamssulzen Cave in Austria, where the holotype of this species was found.

## Description

Ursus ingressus was a large cave bear with massive, bulky limbs. It was larger than Ursus spelaeus, which has been estimated to weigh an average of 350 to 600 kg (770 to 1,320 lb) (male specimen).

## Behaviour

Some studies have suggested the Gamssulzen Cave bear to have been herbivorous, living off vegetation with little contribution of grass. Other studies proposed Ursus ingressus to have been an omnivore, with participation of terrestrial and more likely aquatic animal protein, that exceeds the participation of animal protein in the diet of the modern brown bear (Ursus arctos). However it has also been suggested, that the feeding habits of cave bears can vary heavily depending on the environment.
Skulls with bite damage from Zoolithen Cave in Germany suggest that Ursus ingressus came into conflicts with other big carnivores of the Late Pleistocene of Europe like the cave lion (Panthera spelaea) or the cave hyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea).

## Distribution and habitat

It has been suggested that the Gamssulzen Cave bear dominated Ursus spelaeus in Central and Eastern Europe, while being out-competed by this species in Western Europe. Around 50,000 years ago, the Gamssulzen Cave bear migrated into the Alps and replaced two former populations of Ursus spelaeus: Ursus spelaeus eremus and Ursus spelaeus ladinicus. Ursus ingressus has been found as far east as the Ural Mountains in Russia and as far west as the Swabian Jura in Germany.
It has mostly been found in medium and high elevated regions and probably was adapted to continental environments with cold and arid climate.

## Evolution and extinction

Ursus ingressus and Ursus spelaeus evolved from Ursus deningeri and probably diverged between 173,000 and 414,000, or possibly as much as 600,000 years ago. Some studies still question whether U. ingressus and U. spelaeus are separate species, instead treating them as subspecies of a single species.
The Gamssulzen Cave bear survived U. spelaeus for about 1000 to 2000 years, locally replacing this species, but also became extinct about 30,000 years ago, just prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. The reasons for their extinction are still being discussed, with climate change and human hunting suggested as possible reasons.
# 2003 Zona Rosa attacks

vteColombian conflict :
1960s
Soberanía
1970s
Anorí
1980s
Dominican embassy siege
Palace of Justice siege
Yamurales
Avianca Flight 203
Massacre of Trujillo
DAS Building bombing
1990s
Traira
Villatina massacre
Bogota
La Gabarra massacre
Siege of Las Delicias
Mapiripán massacre
El Aro massacre
Machuca massacre
Siege of Mitú
Villanueva massacre
Nudo de Paramillo
Gutiérrez
Dabeiba
2000s
"False positives" scandal
Macayepo massacre
Bojayá massacre
Valle del Cauca Deputies hostage crisis
El Nogal bombing
Neiva bombing
14 July
Zona Rosa attacks
Bahía Portete massacre
JM
San José de Apartadó massacre
Sierra Macarena ambush
Jamundí massacre
Emmanuel
Jaque
Fenix
Nariño massacres
Strategic Leap
Corinto
2010s
Arauca attacks
July clashes
Meta raid
Cauca attacks
Centro Andino bombing
Police station attacks
Catatumbo campaign
Bogotá car bombing
2020s
Apure clashes
Arauca clashes
Huila attack
Catatumbo attacks
See also
Peace process
Timeline :
On November 15, 2003, in a terrorist attack, grenades were thrown in two bars in the wealthy Zona Rosa neighborhood of Bogotá, Colombia, killing one person, injuring 73 and badly damaging the premises.
The authorities blamed Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerillas for the attack. The fatal victim was a young woman. Three Americans and a German were among the injured. It was believed the FARC targeted Americans in the attack. The U.S. government provided $2.5 billion to the Colombian government in its fight against rebels and drug traffickers. The attack was the sixth in Bogotá that year, and prompted security concerns to residents amid the rebels' increasing attacks in urban areas.
The national police managed to capture one of the men who threw the grenades.
# Indian Paint (film)

Indian Paint is a 1965 American Western film directed by Norman Foster and starring Johnny Crawford, Jay Silverheels and Pat Hogan.

## Plot

Set before the arrival of Europeans in North America, the story centers on Nishko, a chief's son in the Great Plains. During his rite of passage, Nishko is determined to tame a painted pony as an indication of his emerging manhood.

## Cast

* Johnny Crawford as Nishko
* Jay Silverheels as Chief Hevatanu
* Robert L. Crawford Jr. as Wacopi
* Pat Hogan as Sutamakis
* George J. Lewis as Nopawallo
* Joan Hallmark as Amatula
* Cinda Siler as Petala
* Bill Blackwell as Sutako
* Al Doney as Latoso
* Marshall Jones as Comanche leader
* Suzanne Goodman as Widow of Latoso
* Warren L. Dodge as Second Comanche
# Harrison Owen

Albert John "Harrison" Owen (24 June 1890 – 30 May 1966) was an Australian playwright, novelist, poet, and journalist.

## Career

Although Owen spent most of his life as a daily journalist, his creative flair was never jeopardized. Throughout his life he published most of his poetic writings and stories. His first novel The Mount Marunga Mystery was published in 1919. He released a collective of his satirical and verse poetry from The Bulletin in 1923, entitled Tommyrot Rhymes for Children and Grown-ups who Ought to Know Better.
With many of his Bulletin workmates, Owen co-founded the now defunct Australian Authors' and Writers' Guild in 1915.
From 1920, Owen moved to London and worked as a freelance journalist. He returned to Melbourne in 1940.
# Samuel McDonald

Samuel "Sam" McDonald (born 29 June 1987 in Malmesbury, Wiltshire) is a rugby union footballer who plays Second Row and Back Row positions.
His rugby playing career began at Worcester Warriors (2003–2006). He then moved to the Irish province Ulster and played for Ulster Rugby for 1 season. He then joined Nottingham Rugby for 2 further years. Following this Sam featured for both Leicester Tigers and Wasps in the Aviva A league in different seasons.
McDonald has representative honours for England Under 18s, England Under 19s and England Under 20s. He has also played for the Penguin International RFC Invitational side.
McDonald is now furthering his career in London and playing semi professionally.
McDonald is the eldest son of Michellin Starred Chef Patrick McDonald. Who had a TV series on Channel 4 in 1999.
# Persiaran Hishamuddin LRT station

The Persiaran Hishamuddin LRT station is a cancelled light rapid transit (LRT) station that will serve Section 14 of Shah Alam in Selangor, Malaysia. It is planned to be one of the stations on the Shah Alam line (LRT 3). The station will be located underground, making it convenient for commuters in the area. It is intended to provide easy access to nearby residential areas and important local destinations, although construction has been shelved for the time being.

## History

In 2013, the LRT 3 project was officially announced, aiming to link Klang and Shah Alam with Kuala Lumpur, addressing the growing demand for efficient urban transportation. The Persiaran Hishamuddin station was planned as an underground station, strategically located to minimize surface disruption while providing easy access to nearby residential areas and key local destinations.
However, in 2019, the station was shelved due to various factors, including budget constraints and a reassessment of the demand for certain stations along the route. This decision was part of a broader effort to manage costs and focus on the most critical stations in the transit network.
As it stands, the Persiaran Hishamuddin LRT Station remains in a shelved status, with no construction having taken place, and its future development is uncertain, contingent on evaluations by relevant authorities regarding its feasibility and necessity in the urban transport landscape.
# Waleed Khalid

Waleed Khalid (Arabic:وليد خالد) (born 2 August 1992) is an Emirati footballer who plays as a winger .

## Career
### Dubai

Waleed Khalid started his career at Dubai and is a product of the Dubai's youth system. On 30 September 2010, Waleed Khalid made his professional debut for Dubai against Al-Wahda in the Pro League, replacing Ali Hassan Ahmed.

### Ajman

On 7 August 2017, left Dubai and signed with Ajman. On 15 September 2017, Hussain Abdulrahman made his professional debut for Ajman against Al-Jazira in the Pro League, replacing Mohammed Hilal.
# Chrusty, Chełmno County

Chrusty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lisewo, within Chełmno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Lisewo, 19 km (12 mi) east of Chełmno, and 35 km (22 mi) north of Toruń. It is located in Chełmno Land within the historic region of Pomerania.

## Transport

The Polish A1 motorway runs nearby, east of the village.
# Some of It Was True

Some of It Was True is the seventh studio album by American punk rock band The Menzingers. It was released on October 13, 2023, by Epitaph Records.

## Background

On July 18, 2023, The Menzingers released the first single "There’s No Place in This World for Me", while hinting of a new upcoming album. The music video for the single was recorded at Sonic Ranch.
On August 16, 2023, the band announced the release of their new album, alongside the first single "Hope Is A Dangerous Little Thing". Speaking of the new album, guitarist and vocalist Greg Barnett said:
   This record just feels different for us. It's a really important one in our catalog, and a pivotal moment in our history. We have the liberty of our fans growing with us now, and after writing these lyrical songs about where we are in life, we decided to take other peoples' stories and make something bigger out of it.
The third single "Come On Heartache" was released on September 20, 2023.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 67/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Exclaim! | 7/10 |
| Kerrang! | |
Some of It Was True was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 6 reviews.
Nick Ruskell of Kerrang said the album is "written with smartness, a rough, street poetry, and a huge dollop of Americana populated by burned-out restaurants and big cars and rock'n'roll dreamers and John Hughes suburbia", giving the release a four out of five.

## Charts

Chart performance for Some of It Was True :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 94 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 37 |
# Sarah Mathew

Sarah Louise Mathew (c. 1805? – 14 December 1890) was a New Zealand diarist. She was born in London, England to Ann Constant Strange and Richard Mathew (1765–1839). She had two sisters and two brothers, including George Felton Mathew, a friend of the poet John Keats. Her exact birth date is unknown, but she was baptised in 1805. On 21 January 1832 she married her cousin, Felton Mathew in Sydney, Australia. All their children were stillborn. Her husband was New Zealand's first Surveyor General.
# Lars Rasch

Lars Rasch (24 May 1797 – 12 January 1864) was a Norwegian jurist. He served as Mayor of Oslo and was a developer of the neighborhood of Homansbyen.

## Biography

Rasch was born at Eiker in Buskerud, Norway. He was the son of Jonas Larsen Rasch and Kirsti Jacobsdatter Ihle. He finished secondary education in 1818, and graduated as cand.jur. in 1822. He then worked as an attorney. He was the Deputy Chief of the Byfogden in Christiania (now Oslo) before becoming a prosecutor in 1824. From 1831 he was in private practice as a lawyer and served as a real estate agent.
Rasch was mayor of Christiania in 1845 and from 1847 to 1852. In 1854, Rasch together with brothers Jacob Homan (1816–1869) and Henrik Homan (1824-1900) acquired property in Frogner which was developed into the neighborhood of Homansbyen.
Rasch was instrumental in the establishment of Christiania Dampkjøkken. The facility was designed by architect Georg Andreas Bull and was opened December 21, 1858. Rasch served as a board member together with co-founders police chief Christian Fredrik Jacob von Munthe af Morgenstierne (1806-1888) and city council member Thor Olsen (1786-1868).
He was proclaimed Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1853.
# Charlie Weis Jr.

Charles Joseph Weis Jr. (born April 29, 1993) is an American football coach who is currently the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss). He previously served as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of South Florida from 2020 to 2021.

## Coaching career
### Early career

Weis worked on his father's coaching staff at Notre Dame as a child, holding up cards that described the opposing team's offensive personnel on the field. He began coaching at the age of 18, working as an offensive quality control coach at Florida under his father, who was then the offensive coordinator. After his father was named the head coach at the University of Kansas, Weis Jr. joined the staff as an undergraduate team manager. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology from Kansas in 2015 during his time there. After a stint as a volunteer training camp intern with the New England Patriots in 2014, Weis Jr. joined the coaching staff at Alabama as an offensive analyst in 2015. After Alabama offensive coordinator Lane Kiffin left to accept the head coaching position at Florida Atlantic, Weis Jr. joined his staff as the tight ends coach. His stint at this position was very brief, as he left to join the Atlanta Falcons coaching staff as an offensive assistant under Steve Sarkisian, Kiffin's brief successor as offensive coordinator at Alabama.

### FAU

Weis was named the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at Florida Atlantic in 2018. 24 years old at the time of his hiring, Weis is believed to be the youngest coordinator in modern D1-A football history.

### South Florida

After Florida Atlantic head coach Lane Kiffin left to accept the head coaching position at Ole Miss, Weis joined Jeff Scott's coaching staff at South Florida as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach. In his initial contract with USF, Weis earned a salary of $350,000/year plus incentives. In both of his seasons as offensive coordinator, USF posted the third worst offense in the American Athletic Conference.

### Ole Miss

On December 29, 2021, Weis, Jr. was named the new offensive coordinator at the University of Mississippi under Lane Kiffin.

## Personal life

Weis is married to Jennifer, a former figure skater. He is the son of former New England Patriots offensive coordinator and college football coach Charlie Weis. He has a younger sister Hannah Margaret.
# 2004 Futrono mudflows

On August 28, 2004, following heavy rainfall, mudflows overran several houses in near Futrono, southern Chile. Chile Route T-55 between Futrono and Llifén was cut off by the landslide. At least three separate mudflows occurred in the event.
Three people were injured by the mudflows and about five thousand became temporarily isolated as roads were blocked.