OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chetwynd Aston

Chetwynd Aston is a village in Shropshire south of Newport. Aston derives from Old English elements, meaning eastern settlement, and Chetwynd derives from a family name. There are several listed buildings in the village's immediate area, including a farmhouse. The land around the village is classified as Grade 2. Geologically, the village lies on a mix of sandstone and conglomerate formed in the Triassic period called the Chester Formation, with areas of Quaternary-period till, although an area of Permian sandstone lies nearby to the southwest.
# Keep Your Heart Right

Keep Your Heart Right is an album by trombonist Roswell Rudd which was recorded and released on the Sunnyside label in 2008.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Guardian | |
| All About Jazz | |
The Allmusic review by Michael G. Nastos stated "Rudd's idea on this CD is to mix up some old favorites, Gilbert & Sullivan-inspired stage-type songs, and his trademark modern jazz – all as a vehicle for the introduction of the excellent songbird Sunny Kim. She is as impressive as any vocalist you might hear in contemporary music ... this is Roswell Rudd's best effort of the 2000s, and marks an auspicious coming out for the extremely talented and likable Sunny Kim".
In The Guardian John Fordham wrote "On this uneven but heartwarmingly honest and rather oddball set, Rudd lets his roots show. Working with a drumless band featuring South Korean vocalist Sunny Kim, he delivers a gospel- and blues-based album".
On All About Jazz Fred Bouchard noted "To witness, even overhear, transcendent conversations such as these may well contribute to cures for what ails us, individually and collectively, short-term or bone-deep".
In JazzTimes Steve Greenlee said "his new record, Keep Your Heart Right, is a difficult one to understand ... Maybe the problem is that I wasn't prepared for Rudd to go head-to-head with this particular singer. But expectation informs experience, and when I pop in a Roswell Rudd disc, I expect to be surprised, entertained and awakened. None of that happened this time".

## Track listing

All compositions by Roswell Rudd except where noted
* "Keep Your Heart Right" – 6:37
* "Loved by Love" (based on a poem by Gabriel García Márquez) – 5:22
* "I Look in the Mirror" (lyrics by Verna Gillis) – 5:00
* "The Light Is with Me" – 7:12
* "I'm Going Sane (One Day at a Time)" (arranged by Roswell Rudd, lyrics by Verna Gillis) – 5:39
* "Bamako" (lyrics by Verna Gillis) – 5:56
* "All Nite Soul" – 6:46
* "Suh Blah Blah Buh Sibi" – 7:21
* "You Blew It" – 4:30
* "Whatever Turns You On Baby" – 6:40

## Personnel

* Roswell Rudd – trombone
* Lafayette Harris – piano
* Bradley Jones – bass
* Sunny Kim – vocals
# Postage

Postage may refer to:
* Mail, or post, a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels
* Postage stamp, small piece of paper indicating proof of payment for mail
* Postage (album), a 2003 album by Supergroove
# Devotion (song)

"Devotion" is a single by R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire released in 1974 on Columbia Records. "Devotion" peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart and No. 33 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

## Overview

Devotion was produced by Joe Wissert and Maurice White and composed by White and Philip Bailey, who handled lead vocals. The single's b-side was a song called "Fair But So Uncool". Both songs appeared on the band's 1974 studio album Open Our Eyes.

## Critical reception

Alex Henderson of Allmusic called "Devotion" "unforgettable". Simon Werner of Popmatters wrote "the softer, reflective shades of "Devotion", represents a line of spiritual evangelism that would also prosper, and draw on a rich range of influences such as Christian and African mysticism and particularly the symbolism of Egyptology." Craig Werner of Vibe stated "Devotion" is "inspired by Afrocentric consciousness".
Record World said that "speaking of the metaphysical in soft funky terms, the visual act delivers a substantial soul ballad."

## Credits

* Johnny Graham - guitar
* Al McKay - guitar, vocals
* Verdine White - bass, vocals
* Larry Dunn - piano
* Fred White - drums
* Ralph Johnson - drums
* Maurice White - drums, vocals
* Philip Bailey - lead vocals

## Chart positions

| Chart (1974) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 | 33 |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Soul Singles | 23 |

## Covers and samples

Jazz fusion/contemporary jazz group Pieces of a Dream featuring Tracy Hamlin covered the song on their 2004 release No Assembly Required. R&B artist Ledisi covered Devotion on the 2007 tribute album Interpretations: Celebrating the Music of Earth, Wind & Fire.
"Devotion" was sampled by Yo-Yo featuring Ice Cube on the track "You Can't Play with My Yo-Yo" from her 1991 album Make Way for the Motherlode. In 1996, rap group Mo Thugs sampled the song in their single “Thug Devotion” from the album “Family Scriptures”. CeeLo Green featuring Jazze Pha and T.I. sampled "Devotion" on a tune called The One from Green's 2004 album Cee-Lo Green... Is the Soul Machine. Mack 10 sampled Devotion on the song Mozi Wozi from his 1995 self titled album. Drake featuring Kanye West also sampled "Devotion" on the track "Glow" from Drake's 2017 mixtape More Life.
The single's b-side, Fair But So Uncool, was later covered by D'Angelo.
# Agate Beach, Oregon

Agate Beach is an unincorporated community in Lincoln County, Oregon, United States. Agate Beach is named for the agates that are found on the beaches of the Pacific Ocean between Newport and Yaquina Head. Agate Beach post office was established in 1912 and closed in 1971.
Historically, the area's most famous citizen was composer Ernest Bloch, who spent his later years in the community. The 1914 Ernest Bloch House is on the National Register of Historic Places and was once owned by the son of Asahel Bush and his family.
In June 2012 a 165-ton floating dock dislodged from the March 2011 Japanese tsunami washed up ashore, creating a popular tourist attraction as well as an imperative to remove potential invasive species.
# Betta renata

Betta renata is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in blackwater rivers in the vicinity of peat swamp forests on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. The environments in which the species occurs are characterized by acidic water with a pH of 4.1, as well as abundant plant debris and logs. The species reaches 8.5 cm (3.3 inches) in standard length and is known to be a facultative air-breather.
# 2011 Molise regional election

The Molise regional election of 2011 took place on 16–17 October 2011.
Michele Iorio (PdL) narrowly defeated Paolo Di Laura Frattura (PD) and secured a third consecutive term as President of Molise.
In May 2012 a tribunal declared the election invalid due to irregularities committed by Iorio and his centre-right coalition. Finally, the Italian Council of State confirmed this election as invalid on 29 October 2012 and the new elections were held in February 2013.

## Results

| Candidates & parties | votes | votes (%) | seats reg. list | seats prov. lists |
| Michele Iorio | 89,142 | 46.94 | 3 | 15 |
| The People of Freedom | 33,911 | 18.86 | → | 5 |
| Project Molise | 17,117 | 9.51 | → | 2 |
| Union of the Centre | 12,193 | 6.78 | → | 2 |
| Alliance of the Centre | 12,113 | 6.73 | → | 2 |
| Great South | 11,755 | 6.53 | → | 2 |
| Civil Molise | 7,940 | 4.41 | → | 1 |
| UDEUR–Populars for the South | 6,332 | 3.52 | → | 1 |
| Paolo Di Laura Frattura | 87,637 | 46.15 | 1 | 11 |
| Democratic Party | 17,735 | 9.86 | → | 3 |
| Italy of Values | 15,907 | 8.84 | → | 3 |
| Alliance for Italy | 11,354 | 6.31 | → | 1 |
| Italian Socialist Party | 8,246 | 4.58 | → | 1 |
| Democratic Participation – Building Democracy | 7,623 | 4.23 | → | 1 |
| Left Ecology Freedom | 6,961 | 3.87 | → | 1 |
| Federation of the Left | 4,977 | 2.76 | → | 1 |
| Antonio Federico | 10,650 | 5.60 | – | 0 |
| Five Star Movement | 4,083 | 2.27 | → | 0 |
| Giovancarmine Mancini | 2,458 | 1.29 | – | 0 |
| The Right–Laical Pole (New PSI–PSDI) | 1,556 | 0.86 | → | 0 |
| Total | 189,887 | 100.00 | 4 | 26 |
Sources: Ministry of the Interior – Historical Archive of Elections
# George E. Trower

George E. Trower (1855 – ?) was a minister and state legislator in Arkansas.
In 1886 the Republican assembly nominated Trower, who was residing in Morrilton, Arkansas, as their candidate for the Arkansas House of Representatives. Trower was the only black republican on the ticket and had little support from the white Republicans in the northern townships, however he won by a narrow margin of 21 votes.
He represented Conway County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1887 as a Republican.
After winning the election the Democrats started harassing him and discovered that he had been performing marriages for over a year without the correct authority. Trowler immediately gained the proper certificate as a minister of the Gospel but the Democrats requested that the matter was referred to a grand jury.
After returning home from the legislature in April 1887, he was taken off a train at gunpoint by two Plumerville Democrats Benjamin White and Thomas Hervey and reported to have been assassinated. These reports turned out not to be true and he had moved to Independence County, Arkansas to pastor at an African Methodist Episcopal church in Batesville.
# Carrie Barnes Ross

Carolyn V. "Carrie" Barnes Ross (1880s – April 26, 1918) was an American educator and suffragist, based in Indianapolis. She was founding president of Branch No. 7, a chapter of the Equal Suffrage League of Indiana.

## Early life and education

Carolyn (or Caroline) V. Barnes was born in Kentucky in the 1880s to Charles Henry Barnes and Lillie Peters Barnes. She was raised by her widowed mother and maternal grandmother in Denver, Colorado. She graduated from Denver High School in 1902, and from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1905.

## Career

Barnes taught at Tuskegee Institute for three years after college. In 1908 she moved to Indianapolis and taught school in the segregated schools of the Indianapolis Public School District. She was active in the leadership for the Camp Fire girls and secretary of the Indianapolis chapter of the NAACP. She gave addresses at church and community events, and hosted meetings of a literary society in her home.
Barnes attended a 1912 woman's suffrage meeting at the home of Madam C. J. Walker, organized by attorney Freeman Briley Ransom. Ross was elected president of the resulting group, which was known as Branch No. 7 of the Equal Suffrage League of Indiana. "We all feel that colored women have need for the ballot that white women have, and a great many needs that they have not," she wrote of their work. For four years she worked for suffrage in Indianapolis's Black community. She often spoke at events with fellow teacher Frances Berry Coston.

## Personal life and legacy

Barnes married a dentist, Hubert Heaton Washington Ross, in 1916, and moved to Boston with him. She died shortly after giving birth to her son in 1918, in her thirties, in Boston. In January 2020, she was recognized by Congresswoman Susan Brooks on the floor of the United States House of Representatives for her suffrage work in Indiana. In 2023, her image was included in a new mural at Indianapolis's Bicentennial Unity Plaza.
# Shared graphics memory

In computer architecture, shared graphics memory refers to a design where the graphics chip does not have its own dedicated memory, and instead shares the main system RAM with the CPU and other components.
This design is used with many integrated graphics solutions to reduce the cost and complexity of the motherboard design, as no additional memory chips are required on the board. There is usually some mechanism (via the BIOS or a jumper setting) to select the amount of system memory to use for graphics, which means that the graphics system can be tailored to only use as much RAM as is actually required, leaving the rest free for applications. A side effect of this is that when some RAM is allocated for graphics, it becomes effectively unavailable for anything else, so an example computer with 512 MiB RAM set up with 64 MiB graphics RAM will appear to the operating system and user to only have 448 MiB RAM installed.
The disadvantage of this design is lower performance because system RAM usually runs slower than dedicated graphics RAM, and there is more contention as the memory bus has to be shared with the rest of the system. It may also cause performance issues with the rest of the system if it is not designed with the fact in mind that some RAM will be 'taken away' by graphics.
A similar approach that gave similar results is the boost up of graphics used in some SGi computers, most notably the O2/O2+. The memory in these machines is simply one fast pool (2.1 GB per second in 1996) shared between system and graphics. Sharing is performed on demand, including pointer redirection communication between main system and graphics subsystem. This is called Unified Memory Architecture (UMA).

## History

Most early personal computers used a shared memory design with graphics hardware sharing memory with the CPU. Such designs saved money as a single bank of DRAM could be used for both display and program. Examples of this include the Apple II computer, the Commodore 64, the Radio Shack Color Computer, the Atari ST, and the Apple Macintosh.
A notable exception was the IBM PC. Graphics display was facilitated by the use of an expansion card with its own memory plugged into an ISA slot.
The first IBM PC to use the SMA was the IBM PCjr, released in 1984. Video memory was shared with the first 128 KiB of RAM. The exact size of the video memory could be reconfigured by software to meet the needs of the current program.
An early hybrid system was the Commodore Amiga which could run as a shared memory system, but would load executable code preferentially into non-shared "fast RAM" if it was available.
# Lygaeoidea

The Lygaeoidea are a sizeable superfamily of true bugs, containing seed bugs and allies, in the order Hemiptera. There are about 16 families and more than 4,600 described species in Lygaeoidea, found worldwide. Most feed on seeds or sap, but a few are predators.
The ash-gray leaf bug family (Piesmatidae) is generally considered a member of the superfamily Lygaeoidea, but in the past it was sometimes placed in its own superfamily.

## Families

These 16 families belong to the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The majority of them were considered to be part of the family Lygaeidae before Thomas J. Henry's work was published in 1997.
* Artheneidae Stål, 1872
* Berytidae Fieber, 1851 (stilt bugs)
* Blissidae Stål, 1862
* Colobathristidae Stal, 1865
* Cryptorhamphidae Hamid, 1971
* Cymidae Baerensprung, 1860
* Geocoridae Baerensprung, 1860 (big-eyed bugs)
* Heterogastridae Stål, 1872
* Lygaeidae Schilling, 1829 (seed bugs)
* Malcidae Stål, 1865
* Meschiidae Malipatil, 2013
* Ninidae Barber, 1956
* Oxycarenidae Stål, 1862
* Pachygronthidae Stål, 1865
* Piesmatidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (ash-gray leaf bugs)
* Rhyparochromidae Amyot & Serville, 1843 (dirt-colored seed bugs)
# Austria (disambiguation)

Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a European country.
Austria may also refer to:

## Places
### On earth

* Austria (European Parliament constituency)
* Austria (Lombard), a region in the Lombard kingdom of Italy
* Archduchy of Austria, a constituent crown land and core region of Austria-Hungary, the Austrian Empire, and the Habsburg Monarchy
* Duchy of Austria
* Margravate of Austria
* Lower Austria
* Upper Austria
* Further Austria
* Austrian Circle

### Historical Era

* Habsburg monarchy or Austria (1526–1918)
* Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
* Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)
* Republic of German-Austria (1918-1919), Rump state created out of the German-speaking parts of Austria-Hungary
* First Austrian Republic (1919–1934)
* Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)
* Margravate of Austria
* Lower Austria
* Upper Austria
* Further Austria
* Austrian Circle

### Space

* 136 Austria, an asteroid

## Sports

* A1 Team Austria, the Austrian team of A1 Grand Prix
* FC Red Bull Salzburg or SV Austria Salzburg
* FK Austria Wien
* SC Austria Lustenau
* SV Austria Salzburg, the refounded club
* Austrian Circuit, race track, now called the Red Bull Ring
* Austrian Grand Prix, Formula 1 race

## Other uses

* Austria (personification), a personification of the country, to which Čechie was a reaction
* Austria (surname)
* Austria (typeface), a typeface formerly used on all official road signage in Austria
* "Austria", a hymn tune based on "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" by Haydn
* Austria Metall AG, a holding company
* Austria Microsystems, a semiconductor manufacturer
* SS Austria, a ship launched in 1857
* MV APL Austria, a ship constructed in 2007
# Nnamdi Okafor

Nnamdi Okafor was a Nigerian politician who served as the Majority Leader of the Anambra State House of Assembly. He represented the Awka South State Constituency and was elected in 2015 under the platform of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA). He died on August 2022 in South Africa while attending a legislative retreat with other Anambra State Assembly members.
# Golina

Golina is a town in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 4,398 inhabitants (2010). It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) west from Konin.

## History

The town was mentioned in the Gesta principum Polonorum, the oldest Polish chronicle from the early 12th century. It was granted town rights in the 14th century. It was a private town, administratively located in the Konin County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1793 Golina was annexed by Prussia as a result of the Second Partition of Poland. After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution in 1815 it became part of Congress Poland, later forcibly integrated with Imperial Russia. During the January Uprising, on March 16, 1863, a skirmish between Polish insurgents and Russian soldiers took place there. The Polish insurgent unit was attacked by Russian troops and forced to escape towards Lądek. As part of anti-Polish repressions after the fall of the uprising, Golina was deprived of its town rights in 1870, which it regained in 1921, after Poland regained independence.
During the occupation of Poland (World War II) the Germans expelled most of its populace to the General Government in the more eastern part of German-occupied Poland. The Polish resistance was active in Golina, and a weapons depot used by Polish partisans was located in the nearby forest. Walenty Orchowski, commander of the local unit of the Komenda Obrońców Polski organization, was arrested in 1941 and then tortured and murdered by the Gestapo in Inowrocław.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1871 | 1,625 | — |
| 1890 | 1,909 | +17.5% |
| 1897 | 1,784 | −6.5% |
| 1921 | 2,418 | +35.5% |
| 1931 | 2,578 | +6.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1939 | 2,902 | +12.6% |
| 1950 | 2,008 | −30.8% |
| 1960 | 1,837 | −8.5% |
| 2010 | 4,398 | +139.4% |
Source: :
# Trower

Trower is the surname of:
* Alfred Trower (1849–1880), English rower who won events at Henley Royal Regatta
* Charles Trower (1817–1891), English first-class cricketer and barrister
* Charlotte Georgina Trower (1855–1928), British botanical illustrator and botanist
* George E. Trower (1855–?), American politician
* Gerard Trower (1860–1928), Anglican bishop
* John S. Trower (1849–1911), American businessman and co-founder of Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School
* Jonathan Trower (born 1979), English cricketer
* Peter Trower (1930–2017), Canadian poet and novelist
* Robin Trower (born 1945), English rock guitarist and vocalist with Procol Harum during the 1960s
* Ross H. Trower (1922–2014), rear admiral and Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy
* Tandy Trower, CEO of a robotics company and former Microsoft engineer and software developer
* Walter Trower (1804–1877), Anglican bishop
* William Trower (born 1959), British barrister, justice of the High Court of England and Wales
# Hilbert–Arnold problem

In mathematics, particularly in dynamical systems, the Hilbert–Arnold problem is an unsolved problem concerning the estimation of limit cycles. It asks whether in a generic finite-parameter family of smooth vector fields on a sphere with a compact parameter base, the number of limit cycles is uniformly bounded across all parameter values. The problem is historically related to Hilbert's sixteenth problem and was first formulated by Russian mathematicians Vladimir Arnold and Yulij Ilyashenko in the 1980s.

## Overview

The problem arises from considering modern approaches to Hilbert's sixteenth problem. While Hilbert's original question focused on polynomial vector fields, mathematical attention shifted toward properties of generic families within certain classes. Unlike polynomial systems, typical smooth systems on a sphere can have arbitrarily many hyperbolic limit cycles that persist under small perturbations. However, the question of uniform boundedness across parameter families remains meaningful and forms the basis of the Hilbert–Arnold problem.
Due to the compactness of both the parameter base and phase space, the Hilbert–Arnold problem can be reduced to a local problem studying bifurcations of special degenerate vector fields. This leads to the concept of polycycles—cyclically ordered sets of singular points connected by phase curve arcs—and their cyclicity, which measures the number of limit cycles born in bifurcations.

### Local Hilbert–Arnold problem

The local version of the Hilbert–Arnold problem asks whether the maximum cyclicity of nontrivial polycycles in generic k-parameter families (known as the bifurcation number $B(k)$) is finite, and seeks explicit upper bounds. The local Hilbert–Arnold problem has been solved for $k=1$ and $k=2$, with $B(1)=1$ and $B(2)=2$. For $k=3$, a solution strategy exists but remains incomplete. A simplified version considering only elementary polycycles (where all vertices are elementary singular points with at least one nonzero eigenvalue) has been more thoroughly studied. Ilyashenko and Yakovenko proved in 1995 that the elementary bifurcation number $E(k)$ is finite for all $k>0$.
In 2003, mathematician Vadim Kaloshin established the explicit bound $E(k)<25^{k^{2}}$.
# Shadi Al Hamwi

Shadi Al Hamwi (Arabic: شادي الحموي; born 8 August 1995) is a Syrian footballer who plays for Al-Karamah in the Syrian Premier League and for the Syrian national team.

## International career

Al Hamwi made his first senior appearance for Syria on 10 October 2019, in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification against Maldives.

## Honours
### Club
#### Al-Jazeera

* Jordanian Pro League runner-up: 2017–18
* Jordan FA Cup: 2017–18
# The Masquerader (novel)

The Masquerader (1904) is a novel by Irish writer Katherine Cecil Thurston published in both the United Kingdom and the United States. (It was titled John Chilcote, M.P. in its British release.)
A leading British politician chooses to swap places with his cousin, a journalist who is his doppelganger. This leads to a dilemma for his wife, who falls in love with the double. It was the third most popular book on the New York Times bestselling list that year, and continued as a bestseller in 1905.

## Adaptations

The novel has been adapted five times for stage and screen:
* A play by American playwright, John Hunter Booth in 1917.
* A silent film titled The Compact produced by American Pathé in 1912.
* A Russian/French silent film titled Chlen parlamenta in 1920.
* A 1922 silent film.
* A 1933 sound film.