# Sebastião Salgado

Sebastião Ribeiro Salgado Júnior (born February 8, 1944) is a Brazilian social documentary photographer and photojournalist.
He has traveled in over 120 countries for his photographic projects. Most of these have appeared in numerous press publications and books. Touring exhibitions of his work have been presented throughout the world.
Salgado is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. He was awarded the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund Grant in 1982, Foreign Honorary Membership of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992 and the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) in 1993. He has been a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts at the Institut de France since April 2016.

## Early life and education

Salgado was born on February 8, 1944, in Aimorés, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. After a somewhat itinerant childhood, Salgado trained as an economist, earning a BA degree from UFES, a master's degree from the University of São Paulo in Brazil, and a PhD from University of Paris.
He began work as an economist for the International Coffee Organization, often traveling to Africa on missions for the World Bank.

## Photography

It was on his travels to Africa that he first started seriously taking photographs. He chose to abandon a career as an economist and switched to photography in 1973, working initially on news assignments before veering more towards documentary-type work. Salgado initially worked with the photo agency Sygma and the Paris-based Gamma, but in 1979, he joined the international cooperative of photographers Magnum Photos. He left Magnum in 1994 and with his wife Lélia Wanick Salgado formed his own agency, Amazonas Images, in Paris, to represent his work. He is particularly noted for his social documentary photography of workers in less developed nations. His work resides in Paris.
Salgado works on long term, self-assigned projects, many of which have been published as books: The Other Americas, Sahel, Workers, Migrations, and Genesis. The latter three are mammoth collections with hundreds of images each from all around the world. His most famous pictures are of a gold mine in Brazil called Serra Pelada, taken between 1986 and 1989. He has also been a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador since 2001.
Between 2004 and 2011, Salgado worked on Genesis, aiming at the presentation of the unblemished faces of nature and humanity. It consists of a series of photographs of landscapes and wildlife, as well as of human communities that continue to live in accordance with their ancestral traditions and cultures. This body of work is conceived as a potential path to humanity's rediscovery of itself in nature.
In September and October 2007, Salgado displayed his photographs of coffee workers from India, Guatemala, Ethiopia and Brazil at the Brazilian Embassy in London. The aim of the project was to raise public awareness of the origins of the popular drink.
Salgado has photographed the landscape and people of the Amazon rainforest (Amazónia) in Brazil.
Salgado's work has been described by Andrei Netto of The Guardian as an "instantly recognisable combination of black-and-white composition and dramatic lighting".
Salgado and his work are the focus of the film The Salt of the Earth (2014), directed by Wim Wenders and Salgado's son, Juliano Ribeiro Salgado, and produced by Lélia Wanick Salgado.

## Environmentalism

Together, Lélia and Sebastião have worked since the 1990s on the restoration of a part of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. In 1998, they succeeded in turning 17,000 acres into a nature reserve and created the Instituto Terra. The institute is dedicated to a mission of reforestation, conservation and environmental education.

## Awards

* 1982: W. Eugene Smith Grant from the W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund
* 1985: Oskar Barnack Award
* 1989: Hasselblad Award, Hasselblad Foundation, Gothenburg, Sweden
* 1992: Oskar Barnack Award
* 1992: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 1993: Centenary Medal from the Royal Photographic Society
* 1993: Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) from the Royal Photographic Society
* 1994: Grand Prix National French Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Culture (France)
* 1998: Prince of Asturias Awards, Arts category
* 1988: King of Spain International Journalism Award
* 2003: International Award from the Photographic Society of Japan
* 2007: M2-El Mundo People's Choice Award for best exhibition a PhotoEspaña, for Africa
* 2019: Peace Prize of the German Book Trade
* 2021: Crystal Award, World Economic Forum
* 2021: Praemium Imperiale

## Honours

* Brazil: Commander of the Order of Rio Branco (2004)
* France: Knight of the Legion of Honour (2016)
* France: Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2014)
* Monaco: Knight of the Order of Cultural Merit (Monaco) (2018)

## Publications

* An Uncertain Grace. Essays by Eduardo Galeano and Fred Ritchin.
** Salgado, Sebastião; Galeano, Eduardo; Ritchin, Fred; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (1990). An uncertain grace. New York, N.Y: Aperture Foundation. ISBN 978-0-89381-460-1. OCLC 22701623.
** Salgado, Sebastião; Galeano, Eduardo; Ritchin, Fred (2004). Sebastião Salgado: An uncertain grace. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-28489-6. OCLC 56457689.
* Workers: Archaeology of the Industrial Age.
** Sebastião Salgado: Workers : an archaeology of the industrial age. London: Phaidon. 1993. ISBN 978-0-7148-2931-9. OCLC 471602337.
** Trabalho, uma arqueologia da era industrial. Portugal: Caminho. 1993. ISBN 978-972-21-0834-8. OCLC 81101769.
** Salgado, Sebastião (2009). Trabalhadores : uma arqueologia da era industrial. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. ISBN 978-85-7164-588-2. OCLC 859535737.
* Salgado, Sebastião; Buarque de Holanda, Francisco; Saramago, José; Landers, Clifford (1997). Terra : struggle of the landless. London: Phaidon Press. ISBN 0-7148-3636-2. OCLC 610974180.
* Salgado, Sebastião (2000). Migrations : humanity in transition. New York: Aperture. ISBN 978-0-89381-891-3. OCLC 914864396.
** Salgado, Sebastião; Wanick Salgado, Lélia (2016). Exodus. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8365-6130-3. OCLC 959255065.
* The Children: Refugees and Migrants. New York, NY: Aperture, 2000. ISBN 978-0-89381-894-4.
* Sahel: The End of the Road. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-520-24170-1.
* Africa. Cologne: Taschen, 2007. ISBN 978-3-8365-2343-1.
* Genesis. Cologne: Taschen, 2013. ISBN 978-3-8365-3872-5.
* From my Land to the Planet. Roma: Contrasto, 2014. ISBN 978-88-6965-537-1.
* The Scent of a Dream: Travels in the World of Coffee. New York: Abrams, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4197-1921-9.
* Kuwait. A Desert on Fire. Cologne: Taschen, 2016. ISBN 978-3-8365-6125-9.
* Gold. Cologne: Taschen, 2019. Edited by Lélia Wanick Salgado. ISBN 978-3-8365-7508-9.
* Amazônia. Cologne: Taschen, 2021. Edited by Lélia Wanick Salgado. ISBN 978-3-8365-8510-1.

## Filmography

* The Salt of the Earth (2014). Documentary about and with Salgado, directed by Wim Wenders and Salgado's son Juliano Ribeiro Salgado.

## Exhibitions

* Genesis, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, 2013; Natural History Museum, London, 2013; Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris, 2013/14; National Museum of Singapore, 2014; Palácio das Artes, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2014; Fotografiska, Stockholm, 2014; Palazzo della Ragione, Milan, Italy, 2014; International Center of Photography, New York City, 2014/15; CaixaForum Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, 2014/15; Sejong Center, Seoul, South Korea, 2014/15; Cordoaria Nacional, Lisbon, Portugal, 2015; CaixaForum Palma, Palma, Spain, 2015; Amerika Haus Berlin, Berlin, 2015; Power Station of Art, Shanghai, China, 2015; Kunstfoyer Munich, Germany, 2015/16; Prague Castle, Prague, Czech Republic, 2017; Nederlands Fotomuseum, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2017
* Déclaration, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, 2018/19
* Amazônia, Philharmonie de Paris, 2021; Science Museum, London, 2021/22; Science and Industry Museum, Manchester, UK, 2022 MAXXI, Rome, 2021/22; Serviço Social do Comércio, Sao Paulo, 2022/23; Museum of Tomorrow, Rio de Janeiro, 2021/22; California Science Center, Los Angeles, 2022, Teatro Fernán Gómez, Madrid, 2023/24.