OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# AM-Lira

The AM-lira (Allied-Military Currency) was the currency issued in Italy by Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories (AMGOT) after the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943. 100 AM-lire were worth 1 US dollar.

## History

The Am-Allied Military Currency or lira was the currency that AMGOT put in circulation in Italy after the landing in Sicily on the night between 9 and 10 July 1943. The value was 100 "am-lire" for a U.S. dollar. Totally interchangeable with the normal Italian lira for military decision, it contributed to high inflation that hit Italy towards the end of World War II.
The study of paper money specific to Italy began in July 1942. The first issue (Series 1943) was printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP, who has also designed the banknotes) and the Forbes Lithograph Corporation (FLC); the value was written only in numeric digits and the Italian language. This was hurried rough. On July 13, 1943, on the banknotes were printed and written Lira or Lira issued in Italy, previously omitted so as not to betray the country to which the notes were intended. With the first series were issued of the denominations of 1 to 1,000 lire. The banknotes for 1, 2, 5 and 10 lire are a square shape, and the 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 lire have a rectangular shape, same general shape as the U.S. dollar. The second issue (Series 1943 A) was printed only by the FLC, and was added to the indication in letters (in Italian and English) of the value. Due to rampant inflation, they did not reissue the banknotes for 1 and 2 lire, which had become useless. For printing, lithography was chosen as the method with "high specific spectral ink" and paper materials like rags. All this should have made it very difficult to counterfeit. In fact, the falsification of Am-lire was a very large phenomenon; some were crude counterfeits, while others were hardly distinguishable even by experts. The reverse of all the banknotes read in English the Four Freedoms enshrined in the Four Freedoms speech: the freedom of speech, the freedom of religion, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear. After 1946, they ceased to be the sole currency and were used along with normal notes, until June 3, 1950. In total, 917.7 million Am-lire were printed, a weight of 758 tons were shipped to Italy in 23,698 cases. The first shipment, seven tons of paper money, took place July 19, 1943, on two cargo planes, while the last delivery was made April 17, 1945.
# Room (Chinese constellation)

The Room mansion (房宿, pinyin: Fáng Xiù) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations. It is one of the eastern mansions of the Azure Dragon.

## Asterisms

| English name | Chinese name | European constellation | Number of stars | Representing |
| Room | 房 | Scorpius | 4 | Azure Dragon's belly |
| Lock | 鉤鈐 | Scorpius | 4 | Room accommodation or the keys of Room |
| Door Bolt | 鍵閉 | Scorpius | 1 | Door bolt |
| Punishment | 罰 | Scorpius/Libra | 3 | Atonement property |
| Eastern Door | 東咸 | Ophiuchus | 4 | Eastern gateway from the crafty harassment |
| Western Door | 西咸 | Scorpius/Libra | 4 | Western gateway from the crafty harassment |
| Sun | 日 | Libra | 1(+1) | Official time |
| Retinue | 從官 | Lupus | 2 | Witch doctor or military |
# High anterior hairline

High anterior hairline is a dysmorphic feature in which the frontal hairline which defines the top and sides of the forehead is unusually high. This can mean that either the distance between the trichion (hairline) and glabella is more than 2 SD above the mean, or that this distance is apparently (subjectively) increased.

## Conditions

High anterior hairline is seen in the following conditions and syndromes:
* ADNP-related multiple congenital anomalies
* Alacrima, achalasia, and intellectual disability syndrome
* Blepharophimosis - intellectual disability syndrome, MKB type
* Cardiac malformation, cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, and digital anomalies
* Coffin-Siris syndrome 12
* Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iw, autosomal dominant
* Congenital heart defects and ectodermal dysplasia
* Curry-Jones syndrome
* Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 83
* Granulocytopenia with immunoglobulin abnormality
* Intellectual developmental disorder with hypertelorism and distinctive facies
* Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 108
* Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia-retinitis pigmentosa syndrome
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities
* Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and dysmorphic facies
* Neurofacioskeletal syndrome with or without renal agenesis
* Noonan syndrome 4
* Orofacial cleft 15
* SIN3A-related intellectual disability syndrome due to a point mutation
* Singleton-Merten syndrome 1
# Henry Lawrence (rugby union)

Henry Arnold Lawrence (17 March 1848 – 18 April 1902) was a rugby union forward who played club rugby for Richmond F.C. and international rugby for England. He was the third captain of the England rugby team.

## Personal life

Lawrence was born at Lahore in 1848, the second son of John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, and his wife Harriette Katherine (née Hamilton). His father was Viceroy of India between 1864 and 1869. Lawrence was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire, before matriculating to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1866. He was a Director of the London office of the Ottoman Bank. He spent his later life in Box, Gloucestershire, where he died on 18 April 1902, aged 54.

## Rugby career

Lawrence first came to note as a rugby player when he represented Richmond. In 1873, Lawrence was selected to play for the England national rugby team, in their third match in an encounter against Scotland; the game ended in a draw. Lawrence was reselected for the next encounter with Scotland the next season, and in 1875 he was given the captaincy of his country, in the team's first ever match against the newly formed Ireland team. His fourth and final game saw Lawrence retain the captaincy for the 1875 encounter with Scotland.

## Family

In 1876, he married Constance Charlotte Davies (died 1929), daughter of the Reverend George Davies, Rector of Kelsale, in Suffolk. They had three sons, John Dalhousie (1887–1900), Malcolm Eyton (born 1889), and Christopher Hal (born 1893), and three daughters, Constance Letitia (1881–1946), Phyllis May (1882–1956), and Mary Paolina (1886–1963).
Second Lieutenant Christopher Hal Lawrence (1893–1914), of the 2nd Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, was killed by a sniper in the trenches during action on 13 October 1914, during World War I, less than two weeks after arriving in France. The location of his grave is unknown and he is commemorated at the La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorial.
Lieutenant Malcolm Lawrence (1889–1915), was educated at Eton and lived in Canada for four years before returning to Great Britain and being commissioned in the 6th Battalion of the King's Royal Rifles in November 1914. He was killed in action on 10 January 1915. The location of his grave was unknown until his remains were discovered along with several others during construction excavations in 1928. The remains were interred at the Arras Road Cemetery, Roclincourt, France.
# Kosh fortress and churches

The village of Kosh is in the Ashtarak district, about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-west of the district centre. There are numerous remains from early Iron Age residential ruins and buildings of large basalt stone blocks. There is information referring to Kosh in Armenian scripts from the 5th century.

## Churches

The churches of St Grigor (13th–14th centuries) and St. Gevork (19th century) are protected within Kosh, along with an oil refinery (18th century).

## Fortress

The fortress of Kosh (13th century) is in the northern part, on top of a hill, and has right-angled corners and circular towers, built with clear cut large tuff stone blocks, with the lower part consisting of rough-cut basalt blocks. The entrances are situated in the north and south with ceiling-covered corridors.
South of Kosh, stands a large khatchkar-monument of red tuff from 1195. It is 6.8 metres (22 ft) tall). According to inscriptions, it is dedicated to the liberation of Aragatzotn from Seljuk Turks.
# Lansing Kill

Lansing Kill is a river in Oneida County in the state of New York. The river begins west of Alder Creek and flows into the Mohawk River approximately five miles (8.0 km) north of Westernville. Pixley Falls is a waterfall located on Lansing Kill by Hurlbutville. Lansing Kill flows through Pixley Falls State Park and it flows parallel to the old Black River Canal for much of its course.
# Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar

Óscar Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar (born 13 October 1973) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA). Born in Comitán, Chiapas, he is a law graduate. He is the current governor of Chiapas after winning the 2024 election.

## Career

Ramírez Aguilar served as the mayor of his hometown of Comitán in 2008–2010. In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent the 8th district of Chiapas for the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) during the 62nd Congress (31 August 2012 – 16 July 2013). He was subsequently elected to the Senate for Chiapas on the Morena ticket in the 2018 general election.
Ramírez stepped down from his Senate seat on 1 February 2024 and ran for the governorship of Chiapas in the 2 June 2024 local election, representing the Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition (comprising Morena, PT, PVEM and the local parties Chiapas Unidos and Mover a Chiapas). He won the election with 79% of the vote, beating Olga Luz Espinosa of the Fuerza y Corazón por México coalition into a distant second place.
# Hardy Hanappi

Hardy (Gerhard) Hanappi (born December 4, 1951), son of Gerhard Hanappi, is a European political economist. He is ad personam Jean Monnet Chair for Political Economy of European Integration and professor at the Institute of Statistics and Mathematical Methods in Economics of the TU Wien.

## Career

Previously, he was deputy head of Socioeconomics at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Monetary Economics (LB-Society Vienna). He was Research Fellow at the International Centre of Electronic Commerce (ICEC, Seoul, Korea) and professorial research associate at the SOAS, University of London. In 2010 he founded the Vienna Institute for Political Economy Research (VIPER). Hanappi has served as scientific development officer in the board of the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE) from 2004 to 2017. He also was member of the board of the International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society and of the extended board of the Verein für Socialpolitik. Since 2003 he holds a Jean Monnet Chair granted by the European Commission.

## Editing activities

Hardy Hanappi published and edited several books and numerous articles, has been a member of the editorial board of several journals, such as the Journal of Evolutionary Economics (JEE, Germany), the Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review (EIER, Japan), and the Forum for Social Economics (FSE, USA).

## Intellectual influences

His work combines interpretations of Hegelian, Marxian, and Schumpeterean ideas and aims at the construction of (partially game-theoretic) simulations for contemporary issues in global political economy to inform policy making. His work on the European unification process is paralleled by a strong interest in methodological questions. His most recent research interest concerns the development of quantum political economy. He is married to professor Edeltraud Hanappi-Egger, has three children and lives in Vienna.

## Selected works

* Hanappi, Gerhard (1989). Die Entwicklung des Kapitalismus. Gibt es lange Wellen der Konjunktur?. Frankfurt a. M.P: Peter Lang Verlag. ISBN 9783631407905. Archived from the original on 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2019-08-23.*Evolutionary Economics. The Evolutionary Revolution in the Social Sciences. Aldershot: Avebury Publishers. 1994. ISBN 1-85628-947-8. OCLC 30892305.
* Advances in Evolutionary Institutional Economics, (with Wolfram Elsner) Edward Elgar, 2008, ISBN 978-1-84720-908-5
* Varieties of Capitalism and New Institutional Deals Regulation, Welfare and the New Economy, (with Wolfram Elsner) Edward Elgar, 2008, ISBN 978 1 84720 473 8
* South-East Europe in Evolution, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 978-0-415-52425-4
* Society and Economics in Europe, (with Savvas Katsikides), 2016, Springer, ISBN 978-3-319-21430-6
* Evolutionary Political Economy in Action, (with Savvas Katsikides and Manuel Scholz-Wäckerle), Routledge, 2017, ISBN 978-1-138-20411-9
# Ellery Queen (disambiguation)

Ellery Queen is a pseudonym for authors Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee and the name of the fictional character that they created.
Ellery Queen may also refer to:
* The Adventures of Ellery Queen, two television series broadcast in the 1950s
* The Adventures of Ellery Queen, a radio program broadcast from 1939 to 1948
* Ellery Queen (TV series), a television series broadcast in 1975-1976
* Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine, a monthly magazine specializing in crime fiction, continuously in print since 1941
# Tellapadu

Tellapadu (pronounced "Tellabadu") is a village of Doddavaram Panchayathi in Maddipadu Mandal of Prakasam District in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
It is a part of Bapatla (SC) Parliamentary constituency and Santhanuthalapadu (SC) assembly constituency. It was previously a part of the Addanki Assembly constituency constituency.

## Geography

The approximate location of Tellapadu is 15°39′43″N 79°56′56″E﻿ / ﻿15.662°N 79.949°E﻿ / 15.662; 79.949. It lies to the South-South West of the reservoir of the River Gundlakamma.

## Public Institutions

Tellapadu has a Zilla Parishad High School named after Paruchuri Narasimhaiah, and a sub-post office. The school's golden jubilee celebrations were celebrated on 21 April 2013, and was well covered by Telugu media.

## Notable people

Several landlords, eminent industrialists, senior public/private sector employees hail from here including:
1) (Late) Mallipeddi Venkatasubbaiah & Ramaswamy Chowdary, and later the former's sons, in their prime, were the richest people/zamindars of the village. Their residence measuring around 45,000 square feet (4,200 m$^2$) and shed (for cattle and horses), housed several peacocks, horses, cattle etc. Such was their wealth that people used to fight to stake claim to their cattle's dung, whence they were passing through the village. A bust of (Late) Mallipeddi Pitchaiah was unveiled during the recent high school golden jubilee celebrations for his benevolent contribution of 6 acres of land towards the school.
2) (Late) Velagapudi Ramakrishna(founder KCP group, former ICS officer). Tellapadu was the birthplace of his father (original surname: Katragadda) who was then adopted by close relatives in Bellamvaripalem, near Repalle (Guntur district), Andhra Pradesh, India.
3) (Late) Panda Punnaiah (whose mother hails from here) was chairman, Beardsell Ltd. and also on the boards of Nava Bharat Ventures Ltd. (formerly Nava Bharat Ferro Alloys) and Prakasam Sugar Complex Ltd.
4) (Late) Yanamadala Ramakrishnayya had been President for more than 25 years and played an important role in the development of two villages. He fought with the government for the people and built homes for the poor and backward caste people. In his memory they named their colony as Ramakrishna Puram

## Composition

The village also includes a large number of migrants from the former Repalle Taluk in Guntur District. The caste composition of the main village is mainly by members of the Kamma caste, all Pedda Kammas, a large chunk of whom have migrated to urban areas (particularly Hyderabad, Bangalore, Guntur and the US). Other castes include Brahmins and Vaishyas; professional castes like washermen, barbers, milkmen; dalits and others. The latter two-thirds have their own quarters towards the village's boundary.
# Seven Mile River (East Brookfield River tributary)

The Seven Mile River or Sevenmile River is a 9.6-mile-long (15.4 km) stream in central Massachusetts. It heads at Browning Pond, at the Oakham and Spencer border, and travels south through Spencer, following a short distance from State Route 31 (North Spencer Road). It crosses under Route 31 the highway becomes Pleasant Street, then continues south along Old Meadow Road and under State Route 9 near the junction of State Route 49. It then parallels Route 9 to its south until it joins the East Brookfield River between Lake Lashaway and Quaboag Pond.

## Information

The Seven Mile River drains Spencer and surrounding communities. Modern mapping shows it to be nearly ten miles long. Its mouth is at an elevation of about 600 feet (180 m) above sea level, and its head is at about 745 feet (227 m). This 145-foot (44 m) fall was once used to provide waterpower for industry. There exists the remnants of several dams, two of which were taken out during a flood in the 1950s and never repaired. They remain as evidence of a forgone era when Spencer was a major manufacturing center. In addition to small local brooks and streams, the Seven Mile River is fed from Turkey Hill Brook north of town and Cranberry River to the south. This river is part of the Chicopee River Watershed.
The seven mile name starts from the length of the river, the bridge is not really 7 miles.

## History

In the 1800s, the Seven Mile River furnished waterpower to industry in Spencer. There were many factories along this river. Now a sewage treatment plant stands alone. At the head of Turkey Hill Brook, a major tributary to the Seven Mile River is Sugden Reservoir. The reservoir was part of Spencer's wire drawing industry and fed the Lower Wire Village Mill, which made card wire. This mill originally belonged to the Prouty Brothers. When sold to Richard Sugden, he improved it by building the Sugden Reservoir on the top of Turkey Hill. The new company's name became Wickwire-Spencer. It remained until after World War II.
# Frisians in Peril

Frisians in Peril (German: Friesennot) is a 1935 German drama film directed by Peter Hagen and starring Friedrich Kayßler, Jessie Vihrog and Valéry Inkijinoff. Made for Nazi propaganda purposes, it concerns a village of ethnic Frisians in Russia.
It was shot at the Grunewald Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert A. Dietrich and Bernhard Schwidewski. Location shooting took place around the Lüneburg Heath near Bispingen. It premiered at the Ufa-Palast am Zoo in the German capital.

## Plot

Soviet authorities are making life as difficult as possible for a village of Volga Germans, most of whose ancestors originated in the Frisian Islands, with taxes and other oppression.
After Mette, a half-Russian, half-Frisian woman, becomes the girlfriend of Kommissar Tschernoff, the Frisians murder her and throw her body in a swamp.
Open violence breaks out and all of the Red Army soldiers stationed nearby are killed by the villagers. They then set fire to their village and flee.

## Cast

* Friedrich Kayßler as Jürgen Wagner
* Helene Fehdmer as Kathrin Wagner
* Valéry Inkijinoff as Kommissar Tschernoff
* Jessie Vihrog as Das Mädchen Mette
* Hermann Schomberg as Klaus Niegebüll
* Ilse Fürstenberg as Dörte Niegebüll
* Kai Möller as Hauke Peters
* Fritz Hoopts as Ontje Ibs
* Martha Ziegler as Wiebke Detlevsen
* Gertrud Boll as Telse Detlevsen
* Maria Koppenhöfer as Frau Winkler
* Marianne Simson as Hilde Winkler
* Franz Stein as Christian Kröger
* Aribert Grimmer as Kommissar Krappien

## Production

Willi Krause, under the name Peter Hagen, directed a film adapting the novel by Werner Kartwig.

## Release

The film was one of the few to be directly distributed by the Nazi Party. It was approved by the censors on 15 November 1935, and premiered in Berlin on 19 November. It was banned in 1939 shortly before the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact due to its strong anti-Soviet message. It was unbanned after the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, and re-released under the title Red Storm over the Village.

## Motifs

A cynical piece of anti-Communist propaganda depicts the Communists as posting obscene anti-religious posters, and the Frisians as piously declaring that all authority comes from God.
The portrayal of Kommissar Tschernoff does not conform to the heavy-handed depiction of Communists as brutal and murderous in such films as Flüchtlinge; he is truly and passionately in love with Mette, and only in response her death does he unleash his soldiers. A villager objects to the affair on the grounds that even though her mother was Russian, her father's Frisian blood "outweighs" foreign blood, and therefore she must not throw herself at a foreigner. Her murder is presented as just retribution for her violation of the Nazi principle of "race defilement."
# Susanne Schennach

Susanne Maria Schennach is an economist and professor at Brown University. She is an econometrician whose work focuses on measurement error.
Schennach has been an assistant editor at The Econometrics Journal, Econometric Theory, and Econometrica.

## Early life and education

Schennach is a native of Innsbruck, and remains a citizen of Austria.
She received a B.A. in economics and French language and literature from Brandeis University in 1996, and a Ph.D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2000, where her advisers were Whitney Kent Newey and Thomas M. Stoker. Her thesis was titled "Estimation of Nonlinear Models with Measurement Error".

## Career

Schennach was an assistant professor at the University of Chicago Department of Economics from 2000 to 2006, associate professor from 2006 to 2007, and professor from 2007 to 2011. Schennach has been a professor at Brown University since 2011.
Schennach's interest in measurement error grew out of a research product on productivity in the United States coal industry that she worked on as a graduate student.
She was named a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 2014. Schennach and coauthors Flávio Cunha and James Heckman were awarded the Frisch Medal in 2014 for their 2010 paper "Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation".

## Selected research

* Cunha, F.; Heckman, J.; Schennach, S. (May 2010). "Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation". Econometrica. 78 (3): 883–931. doi:10.3982/ECTA6551. hdl:10419/35965. PMC 2885826. PMID 20563300.
* Hu, Yingyao; Schennach, Susanne M. (2008). "Instrumental Variable Treatment of Nonclassical Measurement Error Models". Econometrica. 76 (1): 195–216. doi:10.1111/j.0012-9682.2008.00823.x. ISSN 0012-9682.
* Schennach, Susanne M. (2016-10-31). "Recent Advances in the Measurement Error Literature". Annual Review of Economics. 8 (1): 341–377. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080315-015058. ISSN 1941-1383. S2CID 125152559.