OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Ponsonby (RAF officer)

Air Vice-Marshal John Maurice Maynard Ponsonby (8 August 1955 – 21 October 2022) was a British businessman and a senior officer of the Royal Air Force.

## Background

Ponsonby was born on 8 August 1955 to Myles Ponsonby (1924–1999) and his wife Anne Veronica Theresa Maynard (1924–2023). Charles Ponsonby, 2nd Baron de Mauley, was his great-great-grandfather. He had two sisters.

## Military career
### British Army

After graduating from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, he was commissioned into the Royal Green Jackets as a second lieutenant on 8 March 1975. He was promoted to lieutenant on 8 March 1977, and to captain on 8 September 1981. He relinquished his commission on 7 March 1983, therefore retiring from the British Army.

### Royal Air Force

Ponsonby was commissioned into the Royal Air Force in April 1983 as a pilot, after nine years service as an infantry officer in the British Army. On 10 April 1983, he was appointed to a permanent commission and promoted to flight lieutenant with seniority from 10 March 1980. On 1 July 1988, he was promoted to squadron leader, and then to wing commander on 1 January 1994. As a group captain, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1999 New Year Honours, and was made an aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II on 1 August 2001. He relinquished this appointment on 3 May 2002, being promoted to air commodore on 1 July that year. Ponsonby was also awarded the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the 2002 Operational Honours List "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in Northern Ireland during the period 1 October 2001 to 31 March 2002". He was promoted to his final rank of air vice marshal on 4 January 2005.
Ponsonby served as a support helicopter pilot throughout his career, and as a helicopter and tactics instructor. He commanded No. 78 Squadron in the Falkland Islands, No. 27 Squadron in the UK, the Support Helicopter Force in Bosnia and RAF Aldergrove/Joint Helicopter Force in Northern Ireland.
Ponsonby held staff appointments at group, command and ministry level, including as deputy principal staff officer to the Chief of the Defence Staff (General Sir Charles Guthrie), and latterly as air officer plans at Headquarters Strike Command.
Ponsonby was a graduate of the RAF Staff College and the Joint Service Command and Staff College.
Ponsonby was appointed air officer commanding Training Group on 4 January 2005 and became air officer commanding No. 22 (Training) Group on 30 October 2006.

## Later career

It was announced on 16 January 2007 that Ponsonby was to be chief of staff operations, Headquarters Air Command, from July 2007. He chose instead to leave military service to take a commercial role as senior vice president training, AgustaWestland.

## Personal life and death

Ponsonby was married to Marie Jose Antoinette Van Huizen-Husselson from 1980. They had three children, Charlotte Emma (born 1982), Luke Myles William (born 1986) and Francesca Sarah (born 1986).
Ponsonby died from cancer on 21 October 2022, at the age of 67.
# Elizabeth Jonas (neurologist)

Elizabeth Ann Jonas is an American physician and neuroscientist at the Yale School of Medicine where she is Professor of endocrinology and neuroscience. Her seminal work includes the first in vivo electrical recordings of mitochrondrial membrane potentials and influential research on metabolic pathways of neuronal death.

## Career and research

An alumna of the Fieldston School, Jonas graduated from Yale University in 1982 and received her medical degree from New York University School of Medicine in 1986. As an undergraduate, she studied under the neuroscientist Rodolfo Llinás at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole. She returned to the laboratory as a post-doctoral fellow of Len Kaczmarek where her work on the squid giant synapse constituted the first ever direct electrical recordings of mitochondrial membrane potentials in vivo. Her work since has built upon this technique to describe the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its influence on neurological disease.
Jonas is appointed as Professor of Endocrinology within the Departments of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience at Yale School of Medicine. She also serves as the school's co-chair of the Committee on the Status of Women in Medicine and has been outspoken in her support for gender equality in medicine.

## Awards and honors

* National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award (2013, 2021)
* Association of American Physicians (2022)
# 2003–04 Croatian Football Cup

The 2003–04 Croatian Football Cup was the 13th edition of Croatia's premier association football knockout competition. Hajduk Split were the defending champions, and the cup was eventually won by Dinamo Zagreb on away goals rule after the aggregate score in the final tie was 1–1 against Varteks. This was the 7th Croatian cup title for Dinamo and Varteks' fourth final without a win.

## Calendar

| Round | Main date | Number of fixtures | Clubs | New entries this round |
| Preliminary round | 3 September 2003 | 16 | 48 → 32 | none |
| First round | 17 September 2003 | 16 | 32 → 16 | 16 |
| Second round | 29 October 2003 | 8 | 16 → 8 | none |
| Quarter-finals | 17 and 24 March 2004 | 8 | 8 → 4 | none |
| Semi-finals | 7 and 14 April 2004 | 4 | 4 → 2 | none |
| Final | 5 and 19 May 2004 | 2 | 2 → 1 | none |

## Preliminary round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team |
| 1 | Nehaj | 1–0 | Vinogradar |
| 2 | Crikvenica | 0–0 (1–3 p) | Koprivnica |
| 3 | Primorac (BnM) | 2–1 | Karlovac |
| 4 | Neretva | 2–1 | Moslavina |
| 5 | Mladost Prelog | 1–3 | Zagorec Krapina |
| 6 | Željezničar Slav. Brod | 1–3 | Virovitica |
| 7 | NK Udarnik Kurilovec | 1–3 | Vukovar '91 |
| 8 | Pula 1856 | 1–0 | Slavonija Požega |
| 9 | Sloga Nova Gradiška | 2–1 | Graničar Županja |
| 10 | Zdenka Veliki Zdenci | 1–5 | Croatia Sesvete |
| 11 | Sloboda Varaždin | 4–1 | Čakovec |
| 12 | Vodice | 0–0 (2–3 p) | Valpovka |
| 13 | Mosor | 3–2 | Podravina |
| 14 | Metalac Osijek | 1–0 | Naftaš |
| 15 | Jedinstvo Omladinac | 1–3 | Bjelovar |
| 16 | Viktorija Križevci | 2–2 (4–5 p) | Lučko |

## First round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team |
| 1 | Primorac (BnM) | 0–2 | Hajduk Split |
| 2 | Lučko | 0–3 | Dinamo Zagreb |
| 3 | Virovitica | 1–2 | Osijek |
| 4 | Valpovka | 0–2 | Varteks |
| 5 | Metalac Osijek | 1–2 | Cibalia |
| 6 | Sloga Nova Gradiška | 0–2 | NK Zagreb |
| 7 | Sloboda Varaždin | 2–6 | Pula 1856 |
| 8 | Vukovar '91 | 0–1 | Slaven Belupo |
| 9 | Koprivnica | 0–2 | Kamen Ingrad |
| 10 | Croatia Sesvete | 3–0 | Pomorac |
| 11 | Nehaj | 1–7 | Rijeka |
| 12 | Neretva | 2–1 | Hrvatski Dragovoljac |
| 13 | Zagorec Krapina | 1–0 | Šibenik |
| 14 | Mosor | 1–0 | Inker Zaprešić |
| 15 | Bjelovar | 3–1 | Belišće |
| 16 | Segesta | 1–4 | Zadar |

## Second round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team |
| 1 | Hajduk Split | 3–1 | Zadar |
| 2 | Bjelovar | 1–4 | Dinamo Zagreb |
| 3 | Osijek | 3–2 | Mosor |
| 4 | Zagorec Krapina | 0–3 | Varteks |
| 5 | Cibalia | 4–3 | Neretva |
| 6 | Rijeka | 3–0 | NK Zagreb |
| 7 | Croatia Sesvete | 2–4 | Pula 1856 |
| 8 | Kamen Ingrad | 2–0 | Slaven Belupo |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Cibalia | 1–0 | Hajduk Split | 0–0 | 1–0 |
| Osijek | 1–5 | Dinamo Zagreb | 0–2 | 1–3 |
| Kamen Ingrad | 2–5 | Rijeka | 2–3 | 0–2 |
| Pula 1856 | 2–5 | Varteks | 2–0 | 0–5 |

## Semi-finals

Dinamo Zagreb won 4–3 on aggregate.
Varteks won 8–2 on aggregate.

## Final
### Second leg

Dinamo Zagreb won on away goals rule.
# Dhebra

Dhebra (Gujarati: ઢેબરા) is an Indian bread from the Gujarati cuisine made of pearl millet flour. When flavoured with fenugreek leaves, it is called methi dhebra. It is a culinary cousin of the flatbread called thalipeeth in Marathi.
Dhebras can be eaten as a part of any meal - breakfast, brunch, lunch or dinner - or on its own as a snack. Due to the oil in the recipe, Dhebras have a good shelf life.

## Preparation

To create dhebra, sufficient water and salt are mixed with millet flour and whole wheat flour to make a dough. The resulting dough balls are then flattened on a chakla to a round shape using a belan (rolling pin). Then, both sides of the dhebra are lightly fried with vegetable oil on a tava, until small brown spots appear.
This is a plain dhebra, made of millet flour (bajra atta). Because it is the simplest dhebra to make, it is the most commonly consumed in India. Another variety is the methi dhebra, in which methi (fenugreek leaves) are added as flavour. There is also dhebra made with bottle gourd called dudhi na dhebra.
Methi Dhebra can be made rotli sized or smaller (thicker) puri sized.

## Flavour

Fenugreek, Garlic, Guardian, Bottle Gourd, Cumin
# Finsbury Park bus station

Finsbury Park Bus Station is a bus station in Finsbury Park, in Islington, London, England, served by several local bus routes. The bus station is next to Finsbury Park London Underground, Thameslink and National Rail station, collectively called Finsbury Park Interchange.

## Layout

The bus station has two parts:
Wells Terrace, at the north of the station complex (stops A, B and C) for routes 210, W3 and W7.
There is also Temporary stop D but used only when the Bus Station is closed.
Station Place, to the east (stops G, H and rail replacement services) for routes 4, 19, 106, 153, 236 and N19 including Railway Replacement Buses.
The bus station has six stands in total. The main operators at the bus station include Stagecoach London, Arriva London, Metroline and Go Ahead London
# V488 Persei

V488 Persei is a variable star in the constellation Perseus. The star was first identified as a variable in 1985 from data of a 0.9 m telescope at Kitt Peak. The survey targeted stars of the Alpha Persei Cluster, for which the researchers found a few stars to be variable. The star AP 70, later called V488 Persei was found to be variable with a period of 123.5 hours. The star is a BY Draconis variable, which shows periodic variations due to starspots. In 2012 researchers found a debris disk with extreme infrared excess. The researchers suggested that this dust is the aftermath of the collision between two planetary embryos.
Candidate wide companions around V488 Persei were identified in 2015. Another work does point out problems with this approach, pointing out that wide companions cannot be distinguished from unrelated cluster members.

## The disk

The disk was first found with Spitzer and WISE data. The researchers find dust with a temperature of about 800 Kelvin (K) at 0.06 astronomical units (AU). The researchers suspect that two planetary embroys collided with each other at distances similar to transiting rocky exoplanets, known at the time. At first it was suspected that the disk also contains a cold component at 120 K. Using far-infrared observations it was indeed found that the disk has a cold component with a temperature of around 130 K. There are currently two interpretations of the disk. One work interprets the infrared excess as two rings: an inner ring at 0.30–0.35 AU and an outer ring at 25–45 AU. Another work interprets the excess as two disks: an inner disk at around 0.07 AU and an outer disk at 2.7 AU.
In 2021 it was found that the infrared brightness of the system is extreme variable, similar to NGC 2547-ID8. This was found from a observation campaign with Spitzer. This work found that one major event occurred in 2019, leading to an increase of infrared brightness. This event was produced by the collision of two objects 60 km in size. The disk was however extreme before this event and variable over a period of 15 years, meaning additional collisions must take place in the disk. The same work suggests that the objects in an asteroid-like belt at 0.3 AU are perturbed by a giant planet or brown dwarf. This results in a high level of collisions between planetesimals and the dust will be dragged towards the star due to the stellar wind. A high level of collisions are happening in the inner region, because the dust is removed very fast. The system might be an analogue to the late heavy bombardment in the solar system. Another work failed to detect silicate emission in the mid-infrared with Subaru/COMICS. The researchers interpret this as dust grains composed primarily of metallic iron. The researchers interpret this observation as a similar scenario that formed planet Mercury. In this scenario a rocky planet is subjected to erosive bombardment and the ejecta from the interior of the planet is ground into small particles. This scenario is more likely with an inner system packed with earth-type and super-earth-type planets.
# Canadian Centre for Diversity

The Canadian Centre for Diversity (CCD; originally called the Canadian Council for Christians and Jews, CCCJ) was founded in 1947 to address issues of antisemitism and promote interfaith dialogue. The mandate expanded in subsequent years to focus on addressing issues related to racism and religious discrimination in Canadian society. Their primary focus was on providing school programs to educate students on issues related to bullying, bias and discrimination. The CCCJ changed its name in 2008 to the Canadian Centre for Diversity to be more reflective of its broader mandate.
Over the years, the CCD was responsible for delivering educational initiatives that worked to educate Canadians on the value of inclusion of people from different racial, ethnic and religious identities.
One of their largest initiatives was the March of Remembrance and Hope. The march is a program that takes university and college students to Germany and Poland to witness the historical sites of the genocide of World War II. The march is still run today by the March of the Living Canada.
In September 2013, the board of directors of the CCD announced that it was shutting its doors due to a lack of ongoing funding. Subsequently, CCD announced in January 2014 that they would merge with the Canadian Institute of Diversity and Inclusion (CIDI).
In April 2015 the CCD and CIDI changed their name to the Canadian Centre for Diversity and Inclusion.
# Lee Ward

Lee Ward is a Canadian academic currently teaching political science at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, and formerly Alpha Sigma Nu Distinguished Professor of Campion College at the University of Regina. He is an Associate Professor of Political Studies. His key research interests are the history of political philosophy and American political thought.

## Education

He first achieved a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Toronto. He went on to achieve a master's degree from Brock University and, finally, a PhD. from Fordham University

## Personal life

He is married to Ann Ward, a professor of philosophy and political studies at the University of Regina.

## Publications

He has contributed to both the Canadian Journal of Political Science and the American Journal of Political Science. Most recently, he published the political research work "John Locke and Modern Life". He has also recently coedited "The Ashgate Research Companion to Federalism" with his wife Ann. Other works include "The Relation between Politics and Philosophy in Plato's Apology of Socrates", "Nobility and Necessity: The Problem of Courage in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics", and "Montesquieu on Federalism and Anglo-Gothic Constitutionalism".

### Selected published works

* Natural Right and Political Philosophy: Essays in Honor of Catherine and Michael Zuckert. (Co-edited with Ann Ward). South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2013.
* John Locke and Modern Life. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
* The Ashgate Research Companion to Federalism. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Co., 2009. (Co-edited with Ann Ward)
* The Politics of Liberty in England and Revolutionary America. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
# Aarhus Håndbold (women's handball)

Aarhus Håndbold Women is a women's handball club based in Aarhus, Denmark. As of the 2024–25 season, the team competes in the Damehåndboldligaen. The club also includes a men's team, competing the Danish 1st Division.
In June 2024, it was announced that Aarhus United and Aarhus HC had decided to merge under the new club name Aarhus Håndbold.

## Arena

* Name: Ceres Stadionhal
* Capacity: 1,200
* City: Aarhus, Denmark
* Address: Stadion Allé 70, 8000 Aarhus

## Team
### Current squad

    Squad for the 2024–25 season

### Technical staff

* Head coach: Jeppe Vestergaard
* Assistant coach: Mathias Broløs

### Transfers

    Transfers for the season 2024-25

## Kit manufacturers

* Craft Sportswear
# Adam Ptáčník

Adam Ptáčník (Czech pronunciation:; born 4 December 1985 in Pardubice) is a Czech amateur track cyclist. He shared the men's sprint title with Tomáš Bábek and Denis Špička at the Czech Track Cycling Championships, and later represented the Czech Republic at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Ptacnik also won two bronze medals each in Keirin and team sprint at the 2005 European Junior Championships in Fiorenzuola, Italy.
Ptacnik qualified for the Czech squad in two track cycling events at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing by receiving one of the team's three available berths based on UCI's selection process from the Track World Rankings. In the men's team sprint, held on the first day of the program, Ptacnik and his teammates Babek and Spicka battled in an opening heat against the U.S. trio of Michael Blatchford, Giddeon Massie, and Adam Duvendeck with an eleventh-place time in 45.678 and an average speed of 59.109 km/h, failing to advance further to the top eight match round. Two days later, in the men's sprint, Ptacnik narrowly missed out the round-of-sixteen matchup by a four-thousandth second margin on the morning prelims in 10.569, finishing nineteenth overall in the process.
At the 2010 European Track Championships in Pruszków, Poland, Ptacnik overhauled the French duo François Pervis and Michael D'Almeida on the final stretch to grab the bronze medal in men's Keirin.

## Career highlights
### 2003

* European Junior Championships (Team sprint), Moscow (RUS)

### 2005

* Czech Track Cycling Championships (1 km time trial), Prague (CZE)
* Czech Track Cycling Championships (Sprint), Prague (CZE)
* European Junior Championships (Keirin), Fiorenzuola (ITA)
* European Junior Championships (Team sprint), Fiorenzuola (ITA)
* Stage 1, UCI World Cup (1 km time trial), Moscow (RUS)

### 2008

* Czech Track Cycling Championships (Team sprint with Tomáš Bábek and Denis Špička), Brno (CZE)
* 11th Olympic Games (Team sprint with Tomáš Bábek and Denis Špička), Beijing (CHN)
* 19th Olympic Games (Sprint), Beijing (CHN)

### 2010

* European Championships (Keirin), Pruszków (POL)
* 12th UCI World Championships (Team sprint), Copenhagen (DEN)
* 26th UCI World Championships (Keirin), Copenhagen (DEN)
* 33rd UCI World Championships (Sprint), Copenhagen (DEN)

### 2011

* Czech Track Cycling Championships (Team sprint), Prague (CZE)
* Czech Track Cycling Championships (Sprint), Prague (CZE)
* Czech Track Cycling Championships (Keirin), Prague (CZE)

### 2013

* Czech Track Cycling Championships (Keirin), Brno (CZE)
# Ahmed Al-Kaebi

Ahmed Al-Kaebi (born 1 December 1987) is a Saudi football player who played in the Pro League for Al-Shabab, Al-Raed and Al-Shoulla.
# Kafr Ni'ma

Kafr Ni'ma (Arabic: كفر نعمة) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 13 kilometers northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 4,659 inhabitants in 2017.

## Location

Kafr Ni'ma is located in the Ramallah Governorate, 10.3 kilometers (6.4 mi) west of Ramallah. Kafr Ni'ma is bordered by Deir Ibzi and Al Janiya to the east, Ras Karkar and Kharbatha Ban'i Harith to the north, Saffa and Bil'in to the west, and Deir Ibzi and Saffa to the south.

## History

Sherds from the Iron Age II, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Mamluk eras have been found here.

### Ottoman era

Kafr Ni'ma was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of al-Quds (Jerusalem) in the liwa (district) of al-Quds. It had a population of 9 households, all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 4,100 akçe. 13/24 of the revenue went to a waqf (religious endowment), the rest was ziamet land.
In 1838, Kefr Na'meh was noted as a Muslim village in the District of Beni Harith, north of Jerusalem. An Ottoman village list of about 1870 counted a population of 353 in 88 houses, though the population count included men only.
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Kefr Nameh as: "a village of smaller size with a well to the south, on the side of hill, with olives." In 1896 the population of Kefr Na'me was estimated to be about 657 persons.

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the village, called Kufr Ne'meh, had a population of 517, all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 681 inhabitants, in 170 houses.
In the 1945 statistics the population was 780 Muslims, while the total land area was 10,286 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 5,363 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,148 for cereals, while 31 dunams were classified as built-up areas.
* Kafr Ni'ma 1944 1:20,000 from 1919 survey
* Kafr Ni'ma 1945 1:250,000 (top right quadrant)

### Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kafr Ni'ma came under Jordanian rule.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,065 inhabitants in Kafr Ni'ma.

### 1967-present

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kafr Ni'ma has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 70.2% of Kafr Nima land is defined as Area B land, while the remaining 29.8% is defined as Area C.
The old core of the village is mostly abandoned, while the modern settlement has expanded southward onto the ridge.

#### Israel–Hamas war

On 10 June 2024, four Palestinians were shot dead by Israeli military forces during a raid in the town.
# Jhosep Lopez

Jhosep Ylarde Lopez (born February 8, 1963) is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte to replace Associate Justice Priscilla Baltazar-Padilla who retired on November 3, 2020.

## Education

Lopez graduated cum laude with a degree in Political Science from the University of the Philippines Diliman. He proceeded to take up his Law studies at the same University where he became a brother of the Sigma Rho law-based Fraternity. He passed the Bar examinations in 1989 with an average of 84.55%.

## Career
### Legal

Lopez worked as legal counsel of the University of the Philippines for a year before being promoted as chief legal officer of the Philippine General Hospital. In 1991, he worked under former Senate president Jovito Salonga and was later appointed as chief legal counsel of the Senate of the Philippines. He was appointed as Chief City Prosecutor of Manila in February 2006.

### City councilor

He served as a city councilor of the 3rd District Manila from 1992 to 1998 and 2001 to 2006.

### Justice of court of appeals

Lopez was appointed as associate justice of the Court of Appeals on May 17, 2012 and served for more than eight years until his appointment to the Supreme Court.

### Associate justice of the Supreme Court

On January 26, 2021, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Lopez as associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Lopez fills the post vacated by Justice Priscilla Baltazar-Padilla who retired on November 3, 2020.