# One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963) is a play based on Ken Kesey's 1962 novel of the same name. The play had its Broadway debut in 1963 with an adaptation by Dale Wasserman starring Kirk Douglas as Randle McMurphy, a mental patient and Joan Tetzel as Nurse Ratched. The play had a Broadway revival in 2002 earning the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play as well as a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play starring Gary Sinise.

## Background

The play is based on the 1962 novel of the same by Ken Kesey. It was adapted by Dale Wasserman.

## Summary

The plot revolves around mental hospital patient Randle McMurphy who leads a revolt against cold Nurse Ratched.

## Cast and characters

| Character | Broadway debut | Feature film | Broadway revival | West End revival |
| Character | 1963 | 1975 | 2001 | 2003 |
| Randle McMurphy | Kirk Douglas | Jack Nicholson | Gary Sinise | Christian Slater |
| Nurse Ratched | Joan Tetzel | Louise Fletcher | Amy Morton | Frances Barber |
| "Chief" Bromden | Ed Ames | Will Sampson | Tim Sampson | Brendan Dempsey |
| Dale Harding | William Daniels | William Redfield | Ross Lehman | Owen O'Neill |
| Billy Bibbit | Gene Wilder | Brad Dourif | Eric Johner | Mackenzie Crook |
| Charlie Cheswick | Gerald S. O'Loughlin | Sydney Lassick | Rick Snyder | Phil Nichol |
| Max Taber | N/A | Christopher Lloyd | N/A | N/A |
| Martini | Al Nesor | Danny DeVito | Danton Stone | Ian Coppinger |
| Dr. John Spivey | Rex Robbins | Dean Brooks | K. Todd Freeman | Tim Ahern |

## Origin

Dale Wasserman's stage adaptation, with music by Teiji Ito, made its Broadway preview on November 12, 1963, its premiere on November 13, and ran until January 25, 1964, for a total of one preview and 82 performances. The 1963–64 Broadway production starred Douglas as Randle Patrick McMurphy, Gene Wilder as Billy Bibbit, William Daniels as Harding, Ed Ames as "Chief" Bromden, Al Nesor as Martini, and Joan Tetzel as Nurse Ratched. Douglas retained the rights to make a film version of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest for a decade, but was unable to find a studio willing to make it with him. Eventually, he gave the rights to his son Michael, who succeeded in getting the film produced. At that time, Kirk Douglas was deemed too old for the role of McMurphy, and the role was given to Jack Nicholson.

## Productions

Since then, the play has had two revivals: first off-Broadway in 1971, directed by Lee Sankowich with Danny DeVito as Martini and William Devane as McMurphy, then as a Broadway production in 2001 with Gary Sinise as McMurphy. The film version One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was released in 1975, whose movie rights were secured through Kirk Douglas's rights to the play. DeVito reprised his stage role in the 1975 film of the same name directed by Milos Forman starring Jack Nicholson.
In 1982 Greg Hersov directed a production at the Royal Exchange, Manchester with Jonathan Hackett as Randle McMurphy, Linda Marlowe as Nurse Ratched and Tim McInnerny as Billy Bibbitt. In April 1988, the Playhouse Theatre was the site for the first London production of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. The play was brought to the London stage by Cuckoo Productions, formed by Diane Hilton, Karin Parnaby, and Judy Kershaw. They raised £100,000 in 24 hours to bring the play to the London theatre. In 2001, the Steppenwolf Theatre Company produced a Broadway revival, winning the Tony Award for Best Play Revival. This production was directed by Terry Kinney and starred Gary Sinise, Amy Morton, Tim Sampson (playing Chief, his father Will Sampson's role in the film version), Eric Johner, and Ross Lehman.
In 2004, Guy Masterson and Nica Burns mounted a production at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival with Christian Slater, Mackenzie Crook and Frances Barber and a cast of comedians including Owen O'Neill. Masterson famously resigned as director & co-producer just prior to opening citing "ill health" and the production was finally delivered by Terry Johnson and Tamara Harvey. The show was a huge box office hit and transferred to London's Gielgud Theatre where it ran for over 20 weeks. This production was itself revived in 2006 with Alex Kingston taking over the role of Nurse Ratched. It then toured the UK in 2007 with Shane Richie playing McMurphy and Sophie Ward as Nurse Ratched.
A production of the play was staged by London's Tower Theatre Company from 23 to 27 October 2012 at Upstairs at the Gatehouse, Highgate, London. In 2018, After Hours Theatre Company in Los Angeles created an immersive version of the work. The Oregon State Hospital was recreated in a 7,000 sq. ft. warehouse in Burbank. Each audience member was provided a costume and a patient wristband. During the immersive pre-show, audience members were tasked with finding clues as to why they have been admitted to the hospital that eventually led them to join the patient revolution. This production was nominated for six Ovation Awards, including a win for Best Lighting Design, Intimate Theatre. In 2022, an Australian adaptation of Dale Wasserman's play, directed by Chris McRae was created by Luke Miller, McRae and Samuel Yombich Pilot-Kickett, and performed by Darlington Theatre Players in Perth, Western Australia. The adaptation recontextualised the play to 1960s Australia, with the reimagining of the "Chief" Bromden character as a local Aboriginal man, as well as some adjustment of language to fit the Australian idiom. The production included musical composition by Kieran Ridgway, with the inclusion of didgeridoo and didgeribone as part of the underscoring to reflect the new setting.

## Awards and nominations
### 2001 Broadway revival

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| 2001 | Tony Award | Best Revival of a Play | Best Revival of a Play | Won |
| 2001 | Tony Award | Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play | Gary Sinise | Nominated |
| 2001 | Drama Desk Award | Outstanding Revival of a Play | Outstanding Revival of a Play | Nominated |
| 2001 | Outer Critics Circle Award | Outstanding Revival of a Play | Outstanding Revival of a Play | Won |
| 2001 | Drama League Award | Distinguished Production of a Revival | Distinguished Production of a Revival | Won |