OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dashtadem Fortress

Dashtadem Fortress (Armenian: Դաշտադեմի ամրոց)(Qagheni fortress) is a substantial fortress of the 5th to 19th centuries located at the southern outskirts of Dashtadem village in the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. In a cemetery 1.7 km (1.1 mi) south of Dashtadem, lies the restored 7th-century Kristapori Vank which may be viewed in the distance from the Qagheni fortress.
An octagonal walled enceinte surrounds the fortress and was constructed during the beginning of the 19th century. A continuous line of eight bastions and curtain walls encloses interior fortifications; seven regular polygonal bastions and a single semi-circular or "half-moon" bastion to the north. Where fully developed bastions consist of two faces and two flanks with fire from the flanks being able to protect the exposed curtain walls and adjacent bastions, curtain walls between the semi-circular and regular bastions at Dashtadem are angled-in slightly so that the former is protected by the adjacent projecting fortifications. The main gate requires one to enter at a right angle from the east of the northern bastion. This design prevented cavalry from charging the entry. Low-relief depictions of lions on "panels" are upon the exterior wall above the arched gateway. A low-irregular decagonal interior wall surrounds a fortress keep and an adjacent 5th-century chapel of S. Sargis. Five of the ten original semi-circular bastions remain standing. The keep consists of four semi-circular towers (12th century?) that were affixed at a later date to earlier 10th-century Armenian fortifications. Beneath the towers are large cisterns and tunnels that lead to the top of the keep. The structure has been partially renovated in recent years, while the chapel has been entirely rebuilt.
On the east wall of the fortress keep is an Arabic dedicatory inscription of 1174, written in Kufic script attributing the structure to Sultan ibn Mahmud (Shahanshah), one of the Shaddadid Princes that ruled in Ani. It reads the following passage:
Until recently, the fortress had been home to local shepherds and their families. These individuals have been displaced from the grounds while renovations have been underway.

## Gallery

* Semi-circular northern bastion and fortress gate
* Fortress gate with depictions of lions above
* 19th-century outer circuit walls
* Fortress keep and inner circuit wall
* Fortress keep
* 10th-century chapel
# 1952 Israeli presidential election

An election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 8 December 1952 following the death of the Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann on 9 November. Between Weizmann's death and the winner of the election, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, taking office on 16 December, Knesset speaker Yosef Sprinzak served as acting president.

## Candidates

There were four candidates:
* Yitzhak Ben-Zvi: One of the founders of Mapai (the ruling party, for whom he was a member of the Knesset) and the Histadrut (the country's largest trade union), a former president of the Vaad Leumi, signatory of the Israel declaration of independence and a personal friend of Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion.
* Peretz Bernstein: A member of the Knesset for the General Zionists and also a signatory of the country's declaration of independence.
* Yitzhak Gruenbaum: A signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence, a minister in the provisional government, and though an adherent of Mapam, not a member of any political party.
* Mordechai Nurock: A member of the Knesset for Mizrachi and Minister of Postal Services in the government at the time.
Before the election, Albert Einstein was spoken to by Abba Eban about the possibility of becoming President. He declined, explaining, "I have neither the natural ability nor the experience to deal with human beings."

## Results

Three rounds of voting were required after no candidate gained an outright majority. Peretz Bernstein dropped out after the second round, with Yitzhak Ben-Zvi elected in the third round.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Third round | Third round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Yitzhak Ben-Zvi | Mapai | 48 | 48.98 | 48 | 48.48 | 62 | 57.94 |
| | Mordechai Nurock | Mizrachi | 15 | 15.31 | 15 | 15.15 | 40 | 37.38 |
| | Yitzhak Gruenbaum | Independent | 17 | 17.35 | 18 | 18.18 | 5 | 4.67 |
| | Peretz Bernstein | General Zionists | 18 | 18.37 | 18 | 18.18 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 98 | 100.00 | 99 | 100.00 | 107 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 98 | 89.09 | 99 | 89.19 | 107 | 95.54 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | Blank votes | 12 | 10.91 | 12 | 10.81 | 5 | 4.46 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 110 | 100.00 | 111 | 100.00 | 112 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 120 | 91.67 | 120 | 92.50 | 120 | 93.33 |
# Osserman manifold

In mathematics, particularly in differential geometry, an Osserman manifold is a Riemannian manifold in which the characteristic polynomial of the Jacobi operator of unit tangent vectors is a constant on the unit tangent bundle. It is named after American mathematician Robert Osserman.

## Definition

Let $M^{n}$ be a Riemannian manifold. For a point $p\in M^{n}$ and a unit vector $X\in T_{p}M^{n}$, the Jacobi operator $R_{X}$ is defined by $R_{X}=R(X,\cdot )X$, where $R$ is the Riemann curvature tensor. A manifold $M^{n}$ is called pointwise Osserman if, for every $p\in M^{n}$, the spectrum of the Jacobi operator does not depend on the choice of the unit vector $X$. The manifold is called globally Osserman if the spectrum depends neither on $X$ nor on $p$. All two-point homogeneous spaces are globally Osserman, including Euclidean spaces $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$, real projective spaces $\mathbb {RP} ^{n}$, spheres $\mathbb {S} ^{n}$, hyperbolic spaces $\mathbb {H} ^{n}$, complex projective spaces $\mathbb {CP} ^{n}$, complex hyperbolic spaces $\mathbb {CH} ^{n}$, quaternionic projective spaces $\mathbb {HP} ^{n}$, quaternionic hyperbolic spaces $\mathbb {HH} ^{n}$, the Cayley projective plane $\mathbb {C} ayP^{2}$, and the Cayley hyperbolic plane $\mathbb {C} ayH^{2}$.

## Properties

Clifford structures are fundamental in studying Osserman manifolds. An algebraic curvature tensor $R$ in $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$ has a ${\text{Cliff}}(\nu )$-structure if it can be expressed as
    $R(X,Y)Z=\lambda _{0}(\langle X,Z\rangle Y-\langle Y,Z\rangle X)+\sum _{i=1}^{\nu }{\frac {1}{3}}(\lambda _{i}-\lambda _{0})(2\langle J_{i}X,Y\rangle J_{i}Z+\langle J_{i}Z,Y\rangle J_{i}X-\langle J_{i}Z,X\rangle J_{i}Y)$
where $J_{i}$ are skew-symmetric orthogonal operators satisfying the Hurwitz relations $J_{i}J_{j}+J_{j}J_{i}=-2\delta _{ij}I$. A Riemannian manifold is said to have ${\text{Cliff}}(\nu )$-structure if its curvature tensor also does. These structures naturally arise from unitary representations of Clifford algebras and provide a way to construct examples of Osserman manifolds. The study of Osserman manifolds has connections to isospectral geometry, Einstein manifolds, curvature operators in differential geometry, and the classification of symmetric spaces.

## Osserman conjecture

The Osserman conjecture asks whether every Osserman manifold is either a flat manifold or locally a rank-one symmetric space.
Considerable progress has been made on this conjecture, with proofs established for manifolds of dimension $n$ where $n$ is not divisible by 4 or $n=4$. For pointwise Osserman manifolds, the conjecture holds in dimensions $n\neq 2$ not divisible by 4. The case of manifolds with exactly two eigenvalues of the Jacobi operator has been extensively studied, with the conjecture proven except for specific cases in dimension 16.
# Jericho Creek (Plum Island River tributary)

Jericho Creek is a tributary of Plum Island River, Essex County, Massachusetts.
# Crnac mine

The Crnac mine is one of the largest lead and zinc mines in Kosovo. The mine is located in Leposavić. The mine has reserves amounting to 1.648 million tonnes of ore grading 7.57% lead, 2.93% zinc and 102gr/t silver thus resulting 125,000 tonnes of lead, 48,300 tonnes of zinc and 168 tonnes of silver.
# Seripha pyrrhocrocis

Seripha pyrrhocrocis is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Felder and Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Colombia.
# Nokaneng

Nokaneng is a village in North-West District, Botswana. It is located close to the Okavango Delta, and is served by Nokaneng Airport. The population of Nokaneng was 2510 in 2021 census.

## The people

The people therein are the Bayei, Basarwa and the Baherero though of late there has been a significant increase in the numbers of settlers such as the Bahambukushu. This is a group that predominantly stays along the Okavango Delta. Nokaneng Windhoek, the Namibian capital, is not far but due to poor road conditions leading to the border it is not a popular route. You can get through from Nokaneng to Tsumkwe at the Dobe Border Post. About 5 hours from Tsodilo to Dobe. Dobe to Tsumkwe is 1 hour. You can stay at Tsumkwe Lodge. Road conditions from [Nokaneng to Tsumkwe are variable. The border post at Dobe, 53 km east of Tsumkwe, is now open 7 days a week (7h30 to 16h30 Namibian/Botswana time) and provides a thoroughfare to Botswana. The 4x4 track to Nokaneng is about 140 km. The average speed one can maintain on this road will range 50–80 km/h. The nearest fuel would be 37 km north of Nokaneng at Gumare or at Maun. This is the most recommended route to get to this lodge.
At this stage, fuel is not available in Nokaneng but there are two shops with very basic supplies, a local police station, a school, two pubs/bars, a bottle store, three churches, a clinic. There is also the artificial insemination center where people take their cows for breeding and proper nurturing. The lodges and camping sites are within the Buffalo fence or the restricted areas and most of them are controlled from Maun.
Nokaneng is also a former capital of Ngamiland. It was where the Batawana moved their capital from Toteng. This then makes Nokaneng one of the most villages alongside Toteng and Tsau.
Most of the South African bound mine workers were collected from Nokaneng en route to Johannesburg. The Basarwa/San living in Nokaneng lead a normal life as compared to those living in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. This is mainly due to the relationship they mostly have had with the Bayei, the dominant group in the village. They have a very understanding relationship and regard each other as cousins. Nokaneng is also a gateway to the world-famous Drosky Hills, or as they call them, the qhwihaba hills.
From Maun, now the capital of Ngamiland, Nokaneng is about 200 km by road and about 200 from Shakawe. It has also been realised that the majority of people residing in Maun trace their roots to Nokaneng, especially those residing in the Botshabelo, Boseja and Thito wards of Maun.
# Lepetella espinosae

Lepetella espinosae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lepetellidae.

## Description

The shell grows to a size of 1.5 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea.
# Hashmat Khan Lake

Hashmat Khan Lake (Pashto: کول حشمت‌ خان), also known as Hashmat Khan Park, and locally as Kol-e Hashmat Khan or Qala-e Hashmat Khan, is a waterfowl sanctuary and protected area located in Kabul, Afghanistan. The lake or wetland is in the middle of a residential area next to Bala Hissar and to the south of Chaman-e-Hozori, Ghazi Stadium and Id Gah Mosque. To the west is the ancient Narenj Hill.

## History

The wetland has existed since ancient time to provide water for irrigation purposes to the residents of Bala Hissar. During the 20th century, King Mohammad Zahir Shah used it for hunting and recreation purposes. Since then many people have illegally built homes around the lake.
In June 2017 the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock declared Kol-e Hashmat Khan as the fourth national park on the occasion of World Environment Day.
# Sohnreyia

Sohnreyia is a genus of flowering plant in the Citrus, or Rue family (Rutaceae), native to South America (within Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). They are all "palmoids" or Corner Model Trees (named for E.J.H. Corner, the first to describe this architectural growth form). As such they most commonly consist of a single, pachycaul trunk topped by a rosette of very large, pinnate leaves, and are usually monocarpous. The genus was first described by Kurt Krause in 1914. The genus name of Sohnreyia is in honour of Heinrich Sohnrey (1859–1948), a German teacher and writer.

## Species

As of April 2021, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
* Sohnreyia excelsa K.Krause
* Sohnreyia giraldoana (Parra-Os.) Appelhans & Kessler
* Sohnreyia maigualidensis J.R.Grande & Kallunki
* Sohnreyia terminalioides (A.H.Gentry) Appelhans & Kessler
* Sohnreyia ulei (Engl. ex Harms) Appelhans & Kessler
# Miriam Ben-Peretz

Miriam Ben-Peretz (Hebrew: מרים בן פרץ; born April 1, 1927 - July 15, 2020) is an Israeli academician specializing in education. Ben-Peretz is Professor Emeritus of Education at the University of Haifa and is a 2006 winner of the Israel Prize in the field of education. She is former Dean of the School of Education at the University of Haifa, and past President of Tel-Hai Academic College. In 1997 Ben-Peretz was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the American Educational Research Association.

## Early life and education

Ben-Peretz was born to Israel Abraham and Else Ester Rabin in Breslau, Germany. She moved to Israel in 1935, and graduated from the Hebrew Reali School in Haifa. She married Joseph Koffler in 1947 who, as a young husband, departed with the Lamed Heh, never to return. She married Moshe Ben-Peretz in 1949. After moving to Israel, she received her Bachelor of Science with distinction from 1958, a Master of Science with distinction in 1969, and Doctor of Philosophy in 1977, all from Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

## Career

Ben-Peretz has held a variety of roles in academia and education. She was at first a high school biology teacher. She was an Instructor at University Haifa, Israel from 1964 to 1975, and progressed through roles as senior lecturer, associate professor, and then professor as of 1990. She has also held several international assignments, including visiting professor at the University of Toronto, University of Alberta, University of Oslo, University of Mainz, Stanford University, and Michigan State University.
She served as chair of the department of teacher education at University Haifa from 1978 to 1985, and dean of the School of Education from 1988 to 1993. She was president of Tel-Hai College from 1994 to 1996 and head of the Center for Jewish Education at University Haifa.
Her lifetime achievement award from AERA was based in part on her leadership in the creation of a clearinghouse for educational professional development in Israel that serves as an international model.

## Israel Prize

In 2006 Ben-Peretz received the Israel Prize. The judges, in their deliberation, noted that she is a "leading authority" in the areas of teaching, curriculum design, teacher education and professional development, whose contributions to the field had impact not only in Israel but internationally. The Israel Prize (Hebrew: פרס ישראל) is an award handed out by the State of Israel and is generally regarded as the state's highest honor. It is presented annually, on Israeli Independence Day, in a state ceremony in Jerusalem, in the presence of the President, the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the Knesset (Israel's legislature), and the Supreme Court President. The prize was set up in 1953 at the initiative of the Minister of Education Ben-Zion Dinor.
# Glory By Honor XVII

Glory By Honor XVII was a professional wrestling event produced by Ring of Honor (ROH), which took place on October 12, 2019 at the UNO Lakefront Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana.

## Storylines

Glory By Honor XVII will feature professional wrestling matches, involving different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots, and storylines that played out on ROH's television programs. Wrestlers portrayed villains or heroes as they followed a series of events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1 | Silas Young won by last eliminating Josh Woods | 15-man battle royal Winner faced Rush for the ROH World Championship later in the night. | 7:50 |
| 2 | PCO defeated Dalton Castle | Semifinal match in the Final Battle ROH World Championship #1 contender tournament | 12:30 |
| 3 | Marty Scurll defeated Jay Lethal by submission | Semifinal match in the Final Battle ROH World Championship #1 contender tournament | 11:30 |
| 4 | Shane Taylor (c) defeated J. Spade | Singles match for the ROH World Television Championship | 5:50 |
| 5 | Kelly Klein defeated Angelina Love (c) | Singles match for the Women of Honor World Championship | 12:00 |
| 6 | The Briscoe Brothers (Jay Briscoe and Mark Briscoe) (c) defeated Luke Hawx and Perry Hawx | Tag team match for the ROH World Tag Team Championship | 12:10 |
| 7 | Jonathan Gresham defeated Alex Shelley | Singles match | 14:30 |
| 8 | LifeBlood (Mark Haskins and Tracy Williams) defeated Villain Enterprises (Brody King and Flip Gordon) | Tag team match | 11:10 |
| 9 | Rush (c) defeated Silas Young | Singles match for the ROH World Championship | 10:25 |
| 10 | PCO defeated Marty Scurll | Final Battle ROH World Championship #1 contender tournament final | 14:50 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the match ||||
* ↑ Order of elimination: Matt Lancie, Bu Ku Dao, Brian Johnson, Cheeseburger, Rhett Titus, Kenny King, Beer City Bruiser, LSG, Shaheem Ali, Big Daddy Yum Yum, Brawler Milonas, Josh Woods
# Chanda Gunn

Chanda Leigh Gunn (born January 27, 1980, in Huntington Beach, California) is an American ice hockey player. She won a bronze medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics. At the games in Turin, she played close to 250 minutes and had 50 saves with a save percentage of 89.3%.

## Northeastern

In the 2003–04 season, Chanda Gunn was in her senior season led the Huskies to eight wins. In doing so, she broke two school records: registering 56 saves in a game and twice recording 23 saves in one period. In addition, she finished the season ranked first nationally in save percentage, with a .940 mark, and tenth in the nation with a 1.94 goals-against average. During the season, she was recognized twice as Hockey East Player of the Month. She ranked first in the conference in save percentage (.937) and third in goals-against average with a 2.01 GAA. During her career, Gunn was a finalists for College Hockey's Humanitarian Award, presented annually to college hockey's finest citizen, in 2003 and 2004.
In 2004, Gunn was awarded the Honda Inspiration Award which is given to a collegiate athlete "who has overcome hardship and was able to return to play at the collegiate level". She overcame epilepsy, and rebounded to become an All-American hockey goalie.
Since the 2007–2008 season, Gunn is an assistant coach at Northeastern University under head coach Laura Schuler. The two-time All-America goaltender is coaching while continuing to pursue her international hockey career.

## Private life

Gunn has epilepsy and is in therapy with Keppra. She is a spokesperson for Epilepsy Therapy Project.

## Awards and honors

* 2004 Honda Inspiration Award
* 2004 Finalist for Patty Kazmaier Award
* 2003-04 Hockey East Three Stars Award
* 2003-04 Hockey East Player of the Year
* Top 10 Finalist for the 2002 Patty Kazmaier Memorial Awards
* Top 10 Finalist for the 2003 Patty Kazmaier Memorial Awards
* College Hockey's Humanitarian Award Winner (2003-2004 season)
* Finalist for College Hockey's Humanitarian Award (2003)
* Finalist for College Hockey's Humanitarian Award (2002)
* Hockey East 10th Anniversary Team selection
# Scantic River

The Scantic River (pronounced SKAN-tik) is a river that flows through the states of Massachusetts and Connecticut. It is a tributary to the Connecticut River.
The Scantic River's tributaries rise in the towns of Hampden, Wilbraham, East Longmeadow and Monson in Massachusetts, and in Stafford and Somers, Connecticut, forming the river in the town of Hampden, Massachusetts southeast of Springfield. The Scantic flows southwest for 40.6 miles (65.3 km) through the towns and communities of Hampden, Massachusetts; Somers, Somersville, Scitico, Hazardville, Enfield, East Windsor, Broad Brook, Scantic, South Windsor, and East Windsor Hill, Connecticut, until joining the Connecticut River (41°52′04″N 72°36′59″W﻿ / ﻿41.8678°N 72.6165°W﻿ / 41.8678; -72.6165) near the East Windsor Hill community, part of South Windsor.
There are two areas named after the river. One is a small community, part of East Windsor. The other is in the southeast section of Hampden, near the corner of Scantic Road and Rock-A-Dundee Road.
Among things named after the river are several roads, the Scantic River Valley YMCA, the Scantic River Artists, the Scantic River Watershed Assn., and many others.
# Sadiq Jaber

Sadiq Jaber (born 20 August 1960) is an Iraqi former football goalkeeper who played for Iraq at the 1982 Asian Games.
Jaber played for Iraq in 1982.
# Jim Constable

Jimmy Lee Constable (June 14, 1933 – September 4, 2002) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1957 through 1963, he played for the New York/San Francisco Giants, Cleveland Indians, Washington Senators and Milwaukee Braves. Constable, nicknamed "Sheriff", was a switch-hitter and threw left-handed. Born in Jonesborough, Tennessee, he stood 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg).
In a five-season career, Constable posted a 3–4 record with a 4.87 ERA and two saves in 56 games pitched.
Constable died in Johnson City, Tennessee, at the age of 69.
# Schenob Brook

Schenob Brook is a stream in Berkshire County, Massachusetts and Litchfield County, Connecticut, in the United States. Variant names are Kisnop Brook, Schenop Brook, and Skerrob Brook.
Schenob Brook flows generally northward from Washinee Lake in Salisbury, CT, and merges with Hubbard Brook in Sheffield, MA which then flows into the Housatonic River a quarter mile downstream.
The stream was named for John Sconnoup, an early settler of Dutch descent.
# Hussein Jabur

Hussein Jabur (Arabic: حُسَيْن جَبْر; born 1 July 1933) is a former Iraqi football midfielder who played for Iraq at the 1964 Arab Nations Cup and 1966 Arab Nations Cup.
Jabur played for Iraq between 1962 and 1966.
# Johnson Creek (James River tributary)

Johnson Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is a tributary of the James River.
Johnson Creek was named after a pioneer settler.
# St. Pius X High School shooting

The St. Pius X High School shooting occurred on October 27, 1975, at St. Pius X High School in Ottawa, Ontario. It was Canada's second recorded school shooting. The gunman, Robert Poulin, an 18-year-old St. Pius student, opened fire on his classmates with a shotgun, killing a 17-year-old classmate named Mark Hough and wounding five others before killing himself with a shotgun blast to the head. Earlier that day, Poulin lured a 17-year-old Sri Lankan female neighbor named Kim Rabot to his family's home before raping her and stabbing her to death. That afternoon, he had traveled to the St. Pius X High School to embark upon his shooting spree.
Poulin was from a military family and held military aspirations of his own, repeatedly telling his parents of his desire to become a pilot within the Royal Canadian Air Force. These were largely thwarted by his physical condition and psychological immaturity, resulting in his being rejected from the officer training program. His physical problems included poor eyesight and a chest deformity.
Poulin had been suicidal for at least three years prior to the attack and was obsessed with sex and pornography, having repeatedly written in his diaries about his desire to experience sex before he died.
A book entitled Rape of a Normal Mind was later written about the incident.