OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samma (tribe)

Sammā (Sindhi: سما) is a tribe that has origins in Sindh. The Samma are spread across Pakistan and North-West India. The Sandhai Muslims are Samma who converted to Islam. Offshoots of the main branch of Samma include the Jadejas and Chudasamas of India.

## Origins

There are different versions about the origin of the Sammas. Some link up their ancestry with Akrama bin Abul Jehal. According to some other historians, Sammas came to Sindh with Muhammad bin Qasim. The Sammas are also said to be the descendants of Sam bin Umar bin Hashim bin Abi Lehab. Some derive their lineage from the Iranian King Jamshed. According to the genealogy in Tuhfatu-L Kiram, the Sammas originated from Rama, the son of Dashrath.
Samma's history, along with other tribes in the region, is intertwined with the Jats, either as a subdivision of it or a group at par. They faced restrictions similar to that of Jats. But Samma communities were confined to Brahmanabad and its neighbouring regions. According to historian Sarah Ansari, both Sammas and Sumras were local Rajput tribes whose chiefs converted to Islam and were followers of Suhrawardi Sufi saints with their base at Uch and Multan. Firishta mentions two groups of zamindars in Sindh, namely Sumra and Samma.
Jadeja and Chudasama clans which are the offshoot branches of the main Samma tribe are also mainly recognized as Rajputs.

## History

Ala al-Din Khilji (1296–1316) mounted a number of campaigns in the region, battling the Sumra princes whose cycle of capitulation and rebellion could be charted exactly to the perceived military stress on the metropole. Yet, the Delhi Sultans and their governor rarely resorted to invading Sumra held territories, relying instead on alliances with tribal elites and local power struggles. Against the Sumras, Khilji advanced the cause of the tribe of Samma. The conflict guaranteed a rolling supply of princes and tribal chiefs wanting alliances with the center. The tussle for dominance between the Sumras and the Samma lasted until the reign of Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388), when the Jam emirs of Samma were finally able to end Sumra dominance, taking over lower Sindh. They established the Samma dynasty which ruled over sindh from 1336 to 1524 and at its peak included parts of Punjab, Gujarat, and Balochistan regions along with entire region of Sindh.
# Romanian frigate Regele Ferdinand (F221)

Regele Ferdinand (F221) is a Type 22 frigate of the Romanian Naval Forces, formerly a Royal Navy ship named HMS Coventry (F98). She was originally intended to be named Boadicea but was named Coventry in honour of the previous Coventry, a Type 42 destroyer sunk in the Falklands War. Following service in the Royal Navy she was sold to the Romanian Navy in 2003.

## Operational Service
### Royal Navy

Between 1990 and 1996 Coventry was the leader of the 1st Frigate Squadron. The ship received the freedom of the city of Coventry in 1988.

### Romanian Navy

She was purchased from the United Kingdom by the Romanian Navy on 14 January 2003, and renamed Regele Ferdinand (King Ferdinand) after Ferdinand I of Romania. The ship was handed over to Romania on 19 August 2004, and underwent sea trials at the same time. Regele Ferdinand was commissioned into the Romanian Navy on 9 September 2004 with the pennant number F221, and is the current flagship of the Romanian Navy. There has since been some controversy over the price at which she was bought.
On 22 March 2011, President of Romania Traian Băsescu said, after a CSAT meeting, that Romania will send the frigate Regele Ferdinand with 205 mariners and two officers on board to enforce an arms embargo in the Mediterranean Sea, as part of the 2011 military intervention in Libya - Operation Unified Protector. During their run in the NATO naval group acting on Operation Unified Protector - 2011, the frigate has traveled over 17,400 nautical miles (32,200 km) and carried out around 770 specific tasks.
Since entry into service of the Romanian Navy, Regele Ferdinand has performed a series of tasks among which the most important are deployments to Operation Active Endeavour in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010 in the Mediterranean Sea, the exercise in Bulgaria "Breeze -CertExam" 2007, 2008, the exercise "Noble Midas" in Croatia in 2007 and 2008 in Italy.
Since 13 September 2012 Regele Ferdinand has participated in Operation Atalanta. The ship embarked naval commandos of Grupul Naval de Forțe pentru Operații Speciale (GNFOS).
In August 2014, Regele Ferdinand sailed alongside Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 Task Unit 2 which operated in the Black Sea as part of Exercise Sea Breeze.
In July 2019, the Romanian authorities announced the selection of Naval Group and its partner Santierul Naval Constanta (SNC) for the programme to build four new Gowind multi-mission corvettes and to modernise the T22 frigates.
Romanian authorities are currently working in collaboration with the Romanian COMOTI institute [ro] to replace two of the Rolls-Royce gas turbine engines with two ST40M turbine engines designed at COMOTI.
While the ship type was designed to employ both Sea Wolf and Exocet missiles, as of 2025 Romania does not possess these two types of missiles.

## Gallery

* HMS Coventry (F98), conducts an underway replenishment while on station in the Persian Gulf.
* The Romanian Navy frigate Regele Ferdinand (F221) approaches USS Carney (DDG-64) to conduct replenishment-at-sea training in the Black Sea 28 Oct. 2016.
* Navy helicopter landing on Regele Ferdinand.
# 1946 Toronto municipal election

Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 1, 1946. Incumbent Robert Hood Saunders ran unopposed and was acclaimed as mayor.

## Toronto mayor
### Results

    Robert Hood Saunders - acclaimed

## Board of Control

One incumbent on the Board of Control lost, William J. Wadsworth. He was defeated by Alderman Bert McKellar. Communist Stewart Smith of the Labor-Progressive Party won the second position on the Board.

### Results

    Hiram E. McCallum (incumbent) - 42,126
    Stewart Smith (incumbent) - 41,637
    David Balfour (incumbent) - 40,632
    Kenneth Bert McKellar - 35,627
    William J. Wadsworth (incumbent) - 35,477
    Leslie Saunders - 22,040
    Harry Bradley - 6,796

## City council
### Ward 1 (Riverdale)

    William Murdoch (incumbent) - 5,597
    Charles Walton (incumbent) - 4,168
    William Simpson - 3,481

### Ward 2 (Cabbagetown and Rosedale)

    Louis Shannon (incumbent) - 4,118
    May Birchard - 3,014
    George A. Wilson (incumbent) - 2,910
    William Dennison - 2,472

### Ward 3 (West Downtown and Summerhill)

    John S. Simmons (incumbent) - 2,175
    Allan Lamport - 1,911
    Harold Fishleigh (incumbent) - 1,724
    Earl Selkirk - 586
    William Smith - 285
    Karl Prager - 281

### Ward 4 (The Annex, Kensington Market and Garment District)

    Nathan Phillips (incumbent) - acclaimed
    Norman Freed (incumbent) - acclaimed

### Ward 5 (Trinity-Bellwoods)

    Arthur Frost (incumbent) - acclaimed
    Charles Sims (incumbent) - acclaimed

### Ward 6 (Davenport and Parkdale)

    Harold Timmins (incumbent) - 6,768
    Dewar Ferguson - 5,510
    William V. Muir - 3,960
    William Clifton - 3,744
    Harold Lock - 2,244
    Patrick McKeown - 746
    Charles Dymond - 362

### Ward 7 (West Toronto Junction)

    William Butt - 4,510
    E.C. Roelofson (incumbent) - 4,220
    Eva Sanderson - 2,157

### Ward 8 (The Beaches)

    William Collings (incumbent) - 6,789
    Walter Howell (incumbent) - 6,476
    Murray Cotterill - 5,143
    James Davis - 2,244

### Ward 9 (North Toronto)

    John Innes (incumbent) - 11,092
    Melville Wilson (incumbent) - 8,257
    F.W. Rayfield - 2,950
    R.M. McLean - 1,720
    Fred Vacher - 1,623
Results taken from the January 2, 1946 Globe and Mail and might not exactly match final tallies.
# Charles Onen

Charles Onen is a Ugandan Catholic priest, politician and member of the parliament from Gulu East constituency. He was elected to the parliament as an independent candidate. In parliament he serves on the Rules committee.

## Career

Onen is a Catholic priest who served as the second curate of Holy Rosary Parish Catholic Church. He was a priest for eight years before joining active politics. The Bishop of his Gulu Diocese John Baptist Odama issued him two warning letters to desist from active politics in accordance with the Canon Law but Onen reportedly ignored warnings. The Bishop then issued a decree of suspension ‘a divinis’ as prescribed by Canon Law 285. Onen went into politics as an independent candidate and secured a nomination to run for the Gulu East constituency on 15 October 2020. Onen campaign focused on unity and improvement of living standard. He won the election after beating his challengers including the incumbent MP.
# 2020 Irish budget

The 2020 Irish budget was the Irish Government Budget for the 2020 fiscal year was presented to Dáil Éireann on 8 October 2019 by Minister for Finance Paschal Donohoe, his third as Minister for Finance.

## Summary
### Brexit

* A Brexit package of €1.2 billion was announced. In the event of a no-deal the following measures will be deployed,
* €220 million will be deployed immediately.
* €650 million for agriculture, enterprise and tourism sectors to assist the regions and populations most affected.
* €85 million for beef farmers and €6 million for other livestock farmers and the mushroom sectors.
* €14 million for the fishing industry.
* €5 million for the food and drinks processing industry.
* €365 million for extra social protection expenditure benefit.
* €45 million to assist people to transition to new work.

### Other

* Carbon tax is up €6 to €26 per tonne
* Health spending is up €1 billion to €17.4 billion. Free GP care for children under eight and free dental care for children under six from September.
* €11 billion will be provided to the Department of Education in 2020.
* Christmas bonus to all social welfare recipients in 2019.
* €80 million for housing assistance payment.
* 50 cent increase on a packet of 20 cigarettes from midnight
* €1.5 billion will be transferred to the Government's rainy day fund
# Music Man

Music Man may refer to:
* The Music Man, a 1957 Broadway musical play by Meredith Willson
** The Music Man (Broadway cast recording), an album containing the original Broadway cast recording of the above musical
** The Music Man (album), a 1959 jazz album by Jimmy Guiffre featuring tunes from the above musical
** The Music Man (1962 film), a feature film adaptation
** The Music Man (2003 film), a television film remake
* "The Music Man" (song), a song and traditional game
* "Music Man", song on Take a Look Around by Masta Ace
* Music Man (album), a 1980 album by Waylon Jennings
* Music Man (company), a guitar company
* The Music Man, English name for the Iranian film Santouri
* Music Man (1948 film), a 1948 American film
* Sukshinder Shinda, British-Indian musician, nicknamed The Music Man
* Music Man, a character from Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator
** DJ Music Man, a character from Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach
# Mandalay Circular Railway

Mandalay Circular Railway is part of the Mandalay city railway network operated by Myanma Railways under the Ministry of Transport and Communications. It runs on the Mandalay-Tha Ye Ze line, spanning 19.32 miles. The route, known as the Eastern Circular Line, includes stops at stations such as Shan Su, Myohaung, Thoe Gyan, Kanthaya, Aung Pin Le, Yin Pyan, Obo, and Tha Ye Ze stations.
The service operates as follows:
* Train No. (M-41) departs from Mandalay Station at 7:00 AM and arrives at Tha Ye Ze Station at 9:00 AM.
* Train No. (M-42) departs from Tha Ye Ze Station at 2:00 PM and arrives back at Mandalay Station at 4:00 PM.
The trains stop at Shan Su, Myohaung, Thoe Gyan, Kanthaya, Aung Pin Le, Yin Pyan, Obo, and Tha Ye Ze stations. The fare is 200 kyats per passenger for a one-way trip, and 400 kyats for a round-trip.

## History

The circular railway line was initially opened as the Western Circular Line on January 4, 1990. It originally followed a route starting from Mandalay Station, heading 35 miles (56 km) west towards the original timber and oil transport line near the river port, and continuing north along the riverside road. The line then extended from 26th B Street, passing Pyigyunt on 26th B Street, eastward to 86th Street near Shwe Ta Chaung. It then followed the northern section of 86th Street along Shwe Ta Chaung Canal, passing through Re Kyi, Me Oo Tan, Nyaung Pinzeik, Kyankhin, and into Obo Station.
The Eastern Circular Line was later opened on June 2, 1991. Due to low passenger numbers, the Western Circular Line was suspended, and only the Eastern Circular Line remains in operation.

## Stations

* (24) Thoe Gyan 385 1/4 (Junction)
* (77) Kanthaya 386
* (78) Aung Pin Le 387 1/4
* (79) Yin Pyan 388 3/4
* (80) Nanshe 389 1/2
* (81) Dawna Bwar 391 1/4
* (82) Nwe Ni 393
* (83) Oh Bo 389 (Junction)
* (84) Tha Ye Ze 387
# Bear (nickname)

People nicknamed Bear or the Bear include:
* Albert the Bear (c. 1100–1170), Margrave of Brandenburg
* James Brady (1940–2014), press secretary to U.S. President Ronald Reagan and shooting victim
* Bear Bryant (1913–1983), American college football coach
* Don Haskins (1930-2008), American college basketball coach
* Dainton Connell (1961–2007), Arsenal hooligan leader known as "The Bear", assistant to the Pet Shop Boys
* Edward Ellice (merchant) (1783–1863), British merchant and politician known as "The Bear"
* Bear Grylls (born 1974), British adventurer and television presenter
* Bear McCreary (born 1979), musician and composer
* Bear Pascoe (born 1986), former American football tight end
* Bear Rinehart (born 1980), American singer
* Michael Taliferro (1961-2006), American film and television actor and sportsman
* Owsley Stanley (1935–2011), underground LSD cook known as "The Bear"
* Cameron White (born 1983), Australian cricketer
* Raymond Wolf (1904–1979), American football and baseball player and coach
# Aurelia Plath

Aurelia Frances Plath (née Schober; April 26, 1906 – March 11, 1994) was an American associate professor of medical secretarial skills at Boston University, the wife of Otto Plath, and the mother of author Sylvia Plath and Warren Plath.

## Early life

Aurelia Schober was born in Boston.

## Career

In 1928, Schober graduated with a Bachelor of Secretarial Sciences (B.S.S.) from Boston University's College of Practical Arts and Letters, opened in 1919 to prepare women for secretarial careers. Aurelia Schober was president of the college's German Club, vice president of its Writers' Club, editor-in-chief of the college yearbook, and class valedictorian. Schober received a Master of Arts degree in English and German from Boston University in 1930. Her thesis topic was "The Paracelsus of History and Literature". She married Otto Emil Plath in 1932 and subsequently gave birth to daughter Sylvia in the same year and son Warren in 1935. Otto Plath died in 1940. To support her children, Mrs. Plath took a job in 1942 as an instructor of medical secretarial skills at Boston University, attaining the rank of associate professor. Mrs. Plath taught there until her forced retirement in 1971.
In 1975, Mrs. Plath published her daughter's letters from 1950 to 1963 as Letters Home. Playwright Rose Leiman Goldemberg in 1979 successfully adapted Mrs. Plath's book for the stage, and the play's Paris production formed the basis for the French-language movie Letters Home (1986), directed by Chantal Akerman.
In 1977, Indiana University at Bloomington's Lilly Library acquired for its archives Mrs. Plath's collection of Sylvia's letters, childhood diaries and memorabilia, and early poems and stories. Mrs. Plath donated other papers to Smith College's Plath archive in 1983.

## Family

Schober's husband was Otto Plath. Their children were the American poet Sylvia Plath, and her brother Warren. Schober was also the grandmother of Frieda Rebecca Hughes and Nicholas Farrar Hughes.
Sylvia Plath made reference to her maternal grandmother by making "Esther Greenwood" the name of the heroine in her 1963 semi-autobiographical novel The Bell Jar. The relationship between Aurelia Plath and her daughter was a rather problematic and ambiguous one, for on the one hand they were exceptionally close to each other, and on the other hand Sylvia Plath often claimed that she hated her mother. Sylvia Plath portrayed their relationship in the poems "The Disquieting Muses" and "Medusa" and in the novel The Bell Jar. Aurelia Plath called the novel's characterizations of herself, family, and friends "cruel".

## Death

Aurelia Plath died March 11, 1994, aged 87, of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Needham, Massachusetts.
# Shelah Cadag

Shelah Mae Robiso Cadag is a Filipino professional footballer who plays as a forward for Kaya–Iloilo of the PFF Women's League. She represents the Philippines at international level for football and futsal.

## Career
### College

Shelah Mae Cadag played for the women's football team of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) which plays in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) and the PFF Women's League.
In UAAP Season 80, Cadag helped UST secure a place in the women's football final by scoring a brace in her collegiate team's second match against the De La Salle University which ended in a 5–2 win for UST. The UAAP Season 80 women's football final was contested by the same two teams with De La Salle winning 2–1 over UST. Cadag scored the sole goal for UST and was named the Best Striker for the season.

### Club

Cadag joined Kaya–Iloilo on November 5, 2022. She would be named the Most Valuable Player for the 2023 PFF Women's League season, where Kaya won its first ever league title.
In February 15, 2024, Kaya announced that she would be loaned to Indian Women's League club Odisha until March.

### International career

Cadag made her first appearance for the Philippines women's national football team in the first round of the 2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament held in November 2018. The Philippines won 9–0 over Singapore on their first match in the qualifiers on November 4, 2018, where Cadag managed to score a hat-trick. Cadag repeated the same feat in the Philippines' 5–1 win over Mongolia on November 11.

#### International goals

    Scores and results list the Philippines' goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | November 4, 2018 | Hisor Central Stadium, Hisor, Tajikistan | Singapore | 1–0 | 9–0 | 2020 Summer Olympics qualification |
| 2. | November 4, 2018 | Hisor Central Stadium, Hisor, Tajikistan | Singapore | 2–0 | 9–0 | 2020 Summer Olympics qualification |
| 3. | November 4, 2018 | Hisor Central Stadium, Hisor, Tajikistan | Singapore | 5–0 | 9–0 | 2020 Summer Olympics qualification |
| 4. | November 8, 2018 | Hisor Central Stadium, Hisor, Tajikistan | Tajikistan | 1–1 | 3–1 | 2020 Summer Olympics qualification |
| 5. | November 11, 2018 | Hisor Central Stadium, Hisor, Tajikistan | Mongolia | 1–0 | 5–1 | 2020 Summer Olympics qualification |
| 6. | November 11, 2018 | Hisor Central Stadium, Hisor, Tajikistan | Mongolia | 2–0 | 5–1 | 2020 Summer Olympics qualification |
| 7. | November 11, 2018 | Hisor Central Stadium, Hisor, Tajikistan | Mongolia | 5–1 | 5–1 | 2020 Summer Olympics qualification |

## Honors

Kaya–Iloilo
* PFF Women's League: 2023
Odisha
* Indian Women's League: 2023–24
UST Lady Booters
* UAAP runner-up: 2018 (Season 80)

### Individual

* PFF Women's League Most Valuable Player award: 2023
# Women LEAD

Women LEAD Nepal is a non-governmental organization that provides women's leadership development training and advocacy in Nepal. It is based in Kathmandu, Nepal, and Arlington, Virginia, in the United States.
The group originated as a leadership development organization for young women in Nepal from a 2010 project by Georgetown University students Claire Naylor and Claire Charamnac. Starting from a two-week pilot program serving 28 young women in 2010, as of June 2013 the organization maintains three year-long programs serving 400 youth. Initiatives include a leadership institute, an internship program and an entrepreneurship program, and the group keeps track of its graduates' progress after they take part in the program.
In 2011, the group's founders were awarded a $10,000 grant from Davis Projects For Peace for the project, which they used to officially found Women LEAD after graduating. In the same year, the group was a recipient of the annual "Generation Peace" award from Peace X Peace. In 2012, the group was chosen by Women Deliver for the "Women Deliver 50" list of the "50 most inspiring ideas and solutions worldwide that are delivering for girls and women", in the category of "leadership and empowerment". In 2016, Stars Foundation awarded Women LEAD with With and For Girls Award, alongside Shakti Samuha and Her Turn. Since 2018, Women LEAD has been organizing an OWN IT Nepal, a one-day leadership summit for young women in Kathmandu. The summit, aimed at bridging the gap between Nepali women leaders and the young women who aspire to be like them, was attended by over 250 young people. The third iteration of OWN IT included panel discussions featuring women leaders, such as Mohna Ansari, Manchala Jha, and Bonita Sharma, as well as speed mentoring sessions for the participants.
# Andrey Vorobiev

Andrey Victorovich Vorobiev (Russian: Андрей Викторович Воробьёв; born 24 July 1985, in Loshchinnyy, Engelssky District) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.
From 2008 to 2017, he worked as the commercial director of several enterprises, such as Middle Volga Investment Group LLC, Agroalliance LLC, Middle Volga Service Company-Engineering LLC. In 2013, he was elected deputy of the Engels City Council of Deputies of Engels. In 2016, he was elected for the Assembly of Deputies of Engels. From 2017 to 2021, he was the deputy of the Saratov Oblast Duma of the 4th convocation. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

## Sanctions

He was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Joe Cook (basketball)

Joseph Michael Cook (born April 7, 1985) is a professional basketball coach, formerly Associate head coach for San-en NeoPhoenix in Japan and a former college basketball assistant coach for Cabrillo College. Joe Cook also served for the Sacramento Kings of the NBA as the Head Video Coordinator and Akita Northern Happinets as Assistant Coach for three seasons. He has brought the NBA-style sets and styles of play to Akita.

## Head coaching record

| Team | Year | G | W | L | W–L% | Finish | PG | PW | PL | PW–L% | Result |
| Passlab Yamagata Wyverns | 2017-18 | 46 | 19 | 27 | .413 | Fired | - | - | - | – | - |