# List of wars involving Latvia

This is a list of wars that the Republic of Latvia has participated in throughout its history as a duchy (1561–1795) and as a modern-day republic (1918–1940; 1990–present-day)
This list doesn't include the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic since according to the theory of state continuity of the Baltic states, the republic of Latvia existed as a de jure sovereign state from 17 June 1940 to 4 May 1990 and was represented by the Latvian Diplomatic Service, which controlled limited state functions during its occupation. Latvia did not engage in warfare during this period.
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Latvia, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.

## Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
### 17th century

| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Combatant 3 | Result |
| 1655–1660 | Second Northern War | Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Denmark–Norway (from 1657) Habsburg Monarchy Tsardom of Russia (1656–58) Crimean Khanate Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60) Duchy of Courland (1656–58) Dutch Republic | Swedish Empire Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57) Principality of Transylvania Cossack Hetmanate (1657) Wallachia Moldavia Susquehannock (1655) Swedish Lithuania (1655–57) | | Treaty of Oliva Denmark–Norway cedes Scania, Halland, Blekinge, Bohuslän and Ven to Sweden. Poland–Lithuania recognizes Swedish sovereignty in Livonia and Swedish ownership of Estonia and Ösel Poland–Lithuania grants the Duchy of Prussia sovereign status. Dutch Republic acquires New Sweden. |
| 1658 | Invasion of Courland | Duchy of Courland | Sweden | | Swedish victory Sweden occupies Courland and Mitau Tobago occupied by the Dutch. |

### 18th century

| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Combatant 3 | Result |
| 1700–1721 | Great Northern War | Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate Kalmyk Khanate Saxony (1700–1706, 1709–1719) Duchy of Courland (1700–1701) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1701–1704, 1709–1719) Sandomierz Confederation (1704–1709) Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–1720) Prussia (1715–1720) Hanover (1715–1719) Great Britain (1717–1719) Montenegro (1711–1712) Moldavia | Swedish Empire Holstein-Gottorp (1700–1714) Warsaw Confederation (1704–1709) Ottoman Empire (1710–1714) Crimean Khanate (1710–1714)} Cossack Hetmanate (1708–1714) Dutch Republic (1700) England (1700) Scotland (1700) Ireland (1700) Great Britain (1719–1720) | | Anti-Swedish coalition victory The Tsardom of Russia becomes the Russian Empire Decline of the Swedish Empire Decline of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Treaty of Nystad, Treaties of Stockholm, Treaty of Frederiksborg and Treaty of the Pruth |

## Republic of Latvia
### 20th century

| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Combatant 3 | Result |
| 1918–1919 | Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 | Latvia White Movement Estonia Poland Belarus Romania Ukraine France United Kingdom Ober Ost Finnish, Danish, and Swedish volunteers | Russian SFSR Latvian SSR Soviet Estonia Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee Ukrainian SSR Finnish Red Guards | | Soviet defeat in the Baltic states Start of the Polish-Soviet War |
| 1918–1920 | Latvian War of Independence | Republic of Latvia Republic of Estonia Second Polish Republic Baltische Landeswehr (allied to Latvia, except in April–July 1919) | Russian SFSR Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic | West Russian Volunteer Army | Victory Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty Independence of Republic of Latvia Latgale integrated into Republic of Latvia Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic dissolved Death of 3,046 Latvians |
| 1919–1921 | Polish–Soviet War | Poland Ukraine (1920) Belarus (1920) Latvia (1920) | Russian SFSR Ukrainian SSR Byelorussian SSR Polrewkom | | Polish victory Peace of Riga Independence of Poland Ukraine and Belarus merged into Soviet Union |
| 15‒16 May 1934 | 1934 Latvian coup d'état | Pro-Ulmanis Groups Government of Latvia Latvian Farmers' Union Aizsargi | Anti-Ulmanis Groups Saeima Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party Pērkonkrusts | | Pro-Ulmanis victory Coup d'état successful |
| 1939–1945 | World War II Occupation of the Baltic states | Republic of Latvia (1940) | Soviet Union Latvian SSR | Nazi Germany Reichskommissariat Ostland (1941–44) | Nazi German defeat; Soviet victory Soviet occupation (1940) German occupation (1941) Soviet re-occupation (1944) |
| 1945–1956 | Guerrilla war in the Baltic states | Estonian partisans Latvian partisans Lithuanian partisans | Soviet Union | | Soviet victory Defeat of the partisans |
| 1991 13–27 January | The Barricades (part of the Singing Revolution) | Latvia | Soviet Union | | Victory Dissolution of Riga OMON [ru; lv] Eventual independence of Latvia on 21 August 1991 |

### 21st century

| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Combatant 3 | Result |
| 2001–2021 | War on terror | United States of America United Kingdom Poland Latvia (other allies) | Al-Qaeda various allies | | Mixed results |
| 2012- | Central African Republic Civil War | Central African Republic Central African Armed Forces MINUSCA (since 2014)  Rwanda  Russia Wagner Group  South Africa (2013) MISCA (2013–2014) EUFOR RCA Latvia | Coalition of Patriots for Change Anti-balaka MPC | | Ongoing |