OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Montalto Dora Castle

Montalto Dora Castle (Italian: Castello di Montalto Dora) is a castle located in Montalto Dora, Piedmont, Italy.

## History

The castle dates back to between the 10th and 11th centuries. Initially, it consisted of a tower, a connecting wall, and a chapel dedicated to Saints Efisio, Mark, and Eusebius. A document from around 1141 mentions the castle under the name castrum montsalti, testifying how the fortress was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Ivrea. The castle’s location was of great military importance, as it allowed control over the access route to the Aosta Valley and the Via Francigena.
During the 14th and 15th century, the castle was modified and enlarged to better serve from a defensive viewpoint.
The castle endured multiple attacks throughout its history. Notably, during the siege of Ivrea in 1641 during the Piedmontese Civil War, it was assaulted by the French troops led by Marquis d'Harcourt, who were at war with the Duchy of Savoy. On that occasion, the interior of the building was dismantled but the external structures remained largely intact.
In the 19th century, the castle was renovated under the direction of architects Carlo Nigra and Alfredo d'Andrade, who also used it as a model and source of inspiration when designing the Borgo Medioevale in Turin.
The castle served as filming location for Dario Argento's 2012 film Dracula 3D.
In April 2024, it was rumored that American actor Johnny Depp was interested in acquiring the property, which was on sale.

## Description

The castle is located on top of Mount Crovero and is reflected by the underlying waters of Lake Pistono. It has an irregular quadrangular layout with a double defensive wall. Only a few traces remain of the outer wall, while the inner one, approximately 14 meters high, extends for a perimeter of over 150 meters. The high crenellated walls, consisting of 142 merlons, feature a 160-meter-long patrol walkway.
The castle's square keep, which served as its main defensive stronghold, is integrated in the walls on the northern side of the structure, which is further reinforced by four round corner turrets.
In the castle courtyard, there is a low building that was presumably a guard post and a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Grace. The chapel is a small structure, with its southern façade featuring remnants of 15th-century frescoes, including an image of Saint Christopher, attributed to Giacomino da Ivrea, and a depiction of the Madonna nursing the Child. Inside, the single-room space with a presbytery contains numerous painted fragments. On the southern wall, there is a fresco depicting female saints, including Saint Margaret, Saint Liberata with the infant saints Gervasius and Protasius, and Saint Lucy. Between these two structures stands a well that once provided water to the castle’s inhabitants.
# 2023 IIT-BHU gang rape

On 1 November 2023, a 22-year-old B.Tech student of IIT-BHU was waylaid, stripped and gang-raped. They also filmed the girl at gunpoint, in Banaras district, Uttar Pradesh, India, by three Members of the BJP IT Cell.

## Background

On 2 November 2023, an explicit video surfaced online showing a student being accosted by three people in the early hours of the morning inside the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) campus.
The three accused had traveled to Madhya Pradesh after raping the student on the night of 1 November 2023. According to media reports, when BHU students started protesting after the incident, the suspects felt scared and escaped to Madhya Pradesh and participated in the local campaigning for state elections. Meanwhile, they kept changing locations. They also visited many other cities including Lucknow. Almost two months had passed, and no action had been taken, and all three were now convinced that nothing would happen. After that they returned to Varanasi, police said one of their numbers was monitored and tracked them.

## Protest

Congress leaders staged a sit-in protest against the Uttar Pradesh government in the wake of the alleged rape of a student at the prestigious Indian Institute of Technology Varanasi (IIT-BHU). The protesters demanded that justice be done to the student and that the accused be punished. There were also clashes between the Congressmen and the police during the protest. UP Congress president Ajay Rai said that a protest would be held against the rape at the IIT Varanasi.
The Congress and Samajwadi Party have declared their intention to initiate a statewide protest movement regarding this matter. They have expressed their concerns over the silence of both the Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath on this issue.
Amitabh Thakur, the national president of Azad Adhikar Sena, called for action to be taken against the leaders who shielded the accused. Additionally, prayers were conducted to seek purification for the souls of BJP leaders in Lucknow.

## Aftermath

All three accused had fled to Madhya Pradesh after raping the 22-year-old girl on 1 November 2023. In Madhya Pradesh they campaigned for the Bharatiya Janata Party. According to media reports, Uttar Pradesh police tracked down the three suspects within three days but could not arrest them allegedly due to orders from higher authorities. Later, when elections were held in four states, police intervened, and the three suspects were arrested. After the arrest, all three defendants were detained for 12 days. After their arrest, pictures of all three accused along with key leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party have gone viral on social media.

## Accused bail

High Court has granted bail to two of the accused. The High Court had accepted the bail petitions of Kunal Pandey and Abhishek Chauhan on 4 July and 2 July. The third accused, Saksham Patel, remains in jail. It is noteworthy that the fast-track court in Varanasi had earlier rejected the bail petitions of all three accused.
# Antti Nikkilä

Antti Nikkilä (born 25 August 1978) is a Finnish retired basketball player. He stands 2.10 m (6' 11") tall and weighs 122 kg (270 lb).
He played college basketball at Valparaiso University from 1999 untul 2003, and in the season 2006–2007, played for ČEZ Basketball Nymburk in the Czech basketball league. In June 2007, he was signed by Dinamo Banco di Sardegna Sassari (Italian Legadue basketball league). He also played for ARIS BC.

## Career statistics
### National team

| Team | Tournament | Pos. | GP | PPG | RPG | APG |
| Finland | EuroBasket 2011 | 9th | 8 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 |
| Finland | EuroBasket 2013 | 9th | 4 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |

## Awards

* Korisliiga Rookie of the Year: 1997–98
* Greek Cup Winner: (2004)
# The Sigh of the Moor

The Sigh of the Moor is an oil-on-canvas painting of Muhammad XII, (Boabdil), last Nasrid Emir of Granada. It was painted in the late 19th century by the Spanish artist Francisco Pradilla Ortiz. The painting depicts Boabdil, having ceded Granada to the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Ferdinand and Isabella, turning to take a last look at the city he has lost, before going into exile.

## History
### The picture

The painting depicts Muhammad XII, the last Nasrid ruler of Granada, turning to take his final look at the city from the Puerto del Suspiro del Moro before going into exile. Boabdil was upbraided by his mother, Aixa; “weep like a woman for the kingdom you could not defend like a man.” Historians have generally followed Aixa in condemning Boabdil, but a 21st-century revisionist view by Elizabeth Drayson, a historian at the University of Cambridge, sees him as; “a last stand against religious intolerance, fanatical power and cultural ignorance”. The writer Giles Tremlett, in his 2012 study, Ghosts of Spain, notes the traditional name for the road Boabdil took, "La Cuesta de Las Lágrimas - the Slope of Tears".
The Treaty of Granada, also known as the Capitulations, agreed in 1491 between Boabdil and Ferdinand and Isabella, was signed on 2 January 1492. The Alhambra had been surrendered to Ferdinand and Isabell's troops on the previous day. The treaty concluded the Granada War and brought to an end over 700 years of Arab rule in Spain which had begun with the Umayyad conquest in 711.

### The artist

Francisco Pradilla Ortiz (1848-1921) served brief terms as director, firstly of the Royal Academy of Spain in Rome and then at the Prado Museum, but worked primarily as a practising artist. Pradilla enjoyed great success in his career, his entry in the Museo Carmen Thyssen Málaga catalogue describing him as "one of the foremost Spanish painters of the last quarter of the 19th century [and] the last great master of history painting of the century." The Sigh of the Moor was begun at around the same time as Pradilla’s The Surrender of Granada, commissioned by the Spanish Senate, the upper house of the Cortes Generales, in 1879. However, Pradilla appears not to have completed it until around 1892. The picture was sold at auction in 2018 for €240.000, and remains privately owned. In 2021 the painting was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC).

## Description

The painting is oil-on-canvas and is 1.95m high and 3.02m wide. The focus of the image is the landscape around Granada, and it depicts Boabdil, dismounted and with a small band of followers behind him, staring back at the city from the mountain pass.

## Gallery

* El Suspiro del Moro (1856), by Benito Soriano Murillo, Prado Museum
* Boabdil's Farewell to Granada (1869), by Alfred Dehodencq, Musée d'Orsay
* El Suspiro del Moro (1885), by Marcelino de Unceta, Zaragoza Museum
# Modern Screen

Modern Screen was an American fan magazine published between 1930 and 1985 that featured articles, pictorials and interviews with film stars (and later television and music personalities).

## Founding

Modern Screen magazine debuted on November 3, 1930. Founded by the Dell Company of New York City it initially sold for 10 cents. Modern Screen quickly became popular and by 1933 it had become Photoplay magazine's main competition. It began to brag on its cover that it had "The Largest Circulation of Any Screen Magazine", and Jean Harlow is seen reading a copy of Modern Screen in the 1933 film Dinner at Eight.
During the early 1930s, the magazine featured artwork portraits of film stars on the cover. By 1940 it featured natural color photographs of the stars and was charging 15 cents per issue.
Modern Screen had many different editors in chief over the years, including Richard Heller, who understood the importance of the fan magazine's contribution to movie sales and Mark Bego, the latter of whom edited the book The Best of Modern Screen (St. Martin's Press, 1986). The editor most associated with the magazine, however, was Regina Cannon (1900–1992), but her standards for publication were so low that Carl F. Cotter, who wrote 'Forty Hacks of the Fan Mags' (The Coast, 1939), declared her stories to be the worst of the entire lot.
Contributors to the magazine included famed photographer George Hurrell and famed writers like Faith Baldwin. Louella Parsons wrote a column entitled "Good News."

## Decline of the magazine

Modern Screen remained a major success through the 1950s but a downturn in movie ticket sales at the end of the decade led to a general sales decline in the magazine. Still Modern Screen managed to remain popular. On January 3, 1967, The Film Daily declared that 50% of movie ticket sales were influenced by fan magazines such as Modern Screen and Photoplay. The magazine remained popular through the 1970s, and Lily Tomlin released her 1975 comedy album Modern Scream, a parody of celebrity magazines. In the early 1980s, however, the popularity of general interest celebrity publications like People Magazine proved to be the end of old-fashioned movie fan magazines. Modern Screen became a bimonthly magazine, but in 1985 publication of the magazine ceased.

## Legal issues
### Troy Donahue lawsuit

On January 16, 1963, actor Troy Donahue filed a $200,000 lawsuit in Santa Monica against Modern Screen, Dell Publishing Co., and 17 year old Joyce Becker, a self-described actress and writer, who wrote an inflammatory article the magazine published titled, “The First Time Troy Made Love to Me.”
Donahue protested that the article described them as better friends than they really were. His lawyer said they were only casually acquainted and had met only once, when Becker interviewed Donahue for a teen magazine. Donahue's action claimed that the story violated privacy and said the statements in the article were “unjustified and untrue.”
Eventually, Dell Publishing Co. printed a retraction, and paid Donahue an undisclosed settlement.
# Charles Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence of Kingsgate

Charles Napier Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence of Kingsgate (27 May 1855 – 17 December 1927), styled The Honourable Charles Lawrence between 1869 and 1923, was a British businessman and railway executive.

## Background and education

Lawrence was born in India, the third son of John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, and Harriette Katherine Hamilton CI, daughter of Reverend Richard Hamilton. John Lawrence, 2nd Baron Lawrence, Henry Lawrence Herbert Lawrence were his brothers. He was educated at Marlborough College.

## Career

Lawrence was Chairman of the London and North Western Railway from 1921 to 1923 and of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway from 1923 to 1924 as well as Chairman of the North British and Mercantile Insurance Company and the Antofagasta and Bolivia Railway. In 1915, his portrait was commissioned by the shareholders of Antofagasta and Bolivia Railway in commemoration of his chairmanship of the company, a position he had held since 1908. The portrait was painted by Walter William Ouless. In 1923 he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Lawrence of Kingsgate, of Holland House, Kingsgate, in the County of Kent. He is recorded as having spoken twice in the House of Lords.

## Personal life

On 22 June 1881, Lawrence married American Catherine Sumner, only daughter of Frederick Wiggin Sumner of New York City, niece of James W. Gerard and great-niece of General Edwin Vose Sumner. There were no children from the marriage. Lord Lawrence of Kingsgate died in December 1927, aged 72, when the barony became extinct. Lady Lawrence of Kingsgate died 7 November 1934.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Charles Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence of Kingsgate :
* CrestOut of an eastern crown Or a cubit arm entwined by a wreath of laurel and holding a dagger all Proper.
* EscutcheonErmine on a cross raguly Gules an eastern crown Or on a chief Azure two swords in saltire Proper pommels and hilts Gold between as many leopards’ faces Argent
* SupportersDexter, an officer of the Guide Cavalry (Irregulars) of the Pathan tribe in the province of Peshawar habited and accoutred Proper. Sinister an officer of the Sikh Irregular cavalry also habited and accoutred Proper.
* MottoBe Ready
# Selawik River

The Selawik River (Iñupiaq: Siiḷivium Kuuŋa; Koyukon: Nozaatne) is a stream, 140 miles (230 km) long, in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Alaska. Originating in the Purcell Mountains near the Zane Hills, it flows generally west through the Selawik National Wildlife Refuge to Selawik Lake, which empties into the Kotzebue Sound in the Chukchi Sea. The river is approximately at the latitude of the Arctic Circle.
The village of Selawik is along the river near its mouth. The river is used for subsistence fishing by residents and for rafting and sport fishing by tourists.
# Nandi Comer

Nandi Comer is an American author and poet. She was appointed as the poet laureate of Michigan in 2023, becoming the state's first poet laureate since the 1950s.

## Early life and education

Comer grew up in Detroit and graduated from the Communication & Media Arts High School. She studied English and Spanish at the University of Michigan, receiving bachelor's degrees in both. She also holds a master’s degree in African American Literature and a Master’s of Fine Arts degree in Poetry from Indiana University.

## Career

Comer was appointed as poet laureate of Michigan in 2023. She is the first person to hold that position since Edgar Guest, who died in 1959. In 2021, the Michigan legislature passed a budget re-establishing the position.
# Lahaska Creek

Lahaska Creek (Lackawissa or Lahaskeekee) is a tributary of Mill Creek in Wrightstown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The Geographic Name Information System I.D. is 1178763, U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey I.D. is 02632.

## History

The area was originally inhabited by the Lenape native americans as Lackawissa or Lahaskeekee, "the place of much writing". In 1718, Richard Mitchell purchased 70 acres (28 hectares) and built a mill. It was replaced later by another mill known as Rush Valley Mills. After Mitchell, it was owned by Eldad Roberts, then by Joseph Watson.

## Course

Lahaska Creek rises near the southwest border of Solebury Township from an unnamed pond north of the village of Lahaska. Flowing just a little over 100 feet (30 m), it enters Buckingham Township running southwest, then south, then southwest again, runs through five more ponds, and is supplied by two unnamed tributaries before its junction with Watson Creek forming Mill Creek at the Mill Creek 6.80 river mile.

## Geology

* Atlantic Plain
** Piedmont Province
*** Stockton conglomerate
*** Stockton Formation
*** Beekmantown Group
*** Allentown Formation
The headwaters of Lahaska Creek begins in the Stockton conglomerate from the Triassic consisting of conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone. Mineralogy is mostly quartz.
It quickly moves into the Stockton Formation also from the Triassic, which consists of sandstone, arkosic sandstone, shale, siltstone, and mudstone.
It then very briefly flows through a small portion of the Beekmantown Group, from the Ordovician, a layer of limestone containing dolomite, and chert.
Then it spends most of its time in the Allentown Formation, from the Cambrian. The Allentown consists of dolomite and impure limestone, siltstone containing calcium carbonate, oolites, stromatolites, and sharpstone.

## Municipalities

* Solebury Township
* Buckingham Township

## Crossings and Bridges

* Pennsylvania Route 413 (Durham Road)
* Quarry Road
* Holicong Road (local route 391)
* U.S. Route 202 (Pennsylvania Route 263, York Road) - NBI Structure Number 6932, bridge is 20 feet (6.1 m), 2 lane, single span, concrete design, culvert construction, built in 1992.
* Carousel Lane
* Hickory Hollow Lane
* Street Road
# Đắk Sơn massacre

The Đắk Sơn Massacre was a massacre committed by the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War, in the village of Đắk Sơn, Phước Long Province, South Vietnam.

## Massacre

Prior to the attack, earlier battles had occurred between the Viet Cong (VC) and the village militias. On 5 December 1967, two VC battalions attacked Dak Son village, and after a battle with the militia, killed 252 civilians and kidnapped an estimated 100 civilians in a "vengeance" attack on the hamlet of Đắk Sơn, home to over 2,000 Montagnards. The VC believed that the hamlet had at one point given aid to refugees fleeing VC forces. An additional 800 displaced Montagnard had previously arrived to Dak Son from nearby villages that had been taken over by the VC.
Troops marched into a village near Dak Son, some of whom used flamethrowers effectively. As the VC fired their weapons, people were incinerated inside their own homes, and some who had managed to escape into foxholes in their homes died of smoke inhalation. The homes that were not destroyed by flamethrowers were destroyed with grenades, and on the way out patches of the main town were set afire. Before leaving the village, the VC shot 60 of the 160 survivors. The remaining 100 were taken hostage.

## Vietnamese government claim

According to the Vietnamese government there was no massacre by the VC but rather many civilians were actually killed by US bombing during a battle at Đắk Sơn with the VC.
# 1972 Bophuthatswana legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Bophuthatswana on 4 October 1972. The Bophuthatswana National Party led by Lucas Mangope won 20 of the 24 elected seats in the Legislative Assembly.

## Electoral system

Voters registered themselves by having their reference book stamped, at which time they also chose which polling station they wanted to vote at, as well as which constituency that they wanted to vote in. However, as the reference books were used by the Apartheid authorities in South Africa, the Chief Electoral Officer issued a statement that Tswana living illegally in Soweto would not be transferred to Bophuthatswana if they registered.
The 24 elected seats in the Assembly were elected in 12 two-member constituencies, whilst a further 48 members were appointed.

## Campaign

Two parties were formed prior to the elections; Tidimane Pilane established the Seoposengwe Party in July 1972, whilst Mangope founded the Bophuthatswana National Party (BNP) in August. The Seoposengwe Party's manifesto accepted the concept of separate development, although "only for the implied promises of handing us both our homeland Forefathers' land and particularly for the promise of granting Bophuthatswana its ultimate Sovereign Independence." It opposed the Tswana University proposed by Mangope and called for a focus on adult literacy and free and compulsory education. The party also called for control over mining in the territory, as well as a wholly elected Assembly.
The BNP manifesto proposed only allowing citizens to qualify for trading rights in the territory and that the government should receive all taxes paid by mining companies. It also called for chiefs to be involved in the territory's politics (according to the constitution, only chiefs could become government ministers), noting "We have been severely criticized for the large number of designated members [in the assembly], but we believe we must lead our people from what they know to what they do not know—for the concept of a general election is unknown in our traditional administration."
Only eight of the 12 constituencies were contested. A total of 39 candidates ran for the 16 contested seats, of whom 17 lost their deposits.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Bophuthatswana National Party | 268,000 | 72.47 | 20 |
| | Seoposengwe Party | 101,800 | 27.53 | 4 |
| Appointed members | Appointed members | | | 48 |
| Total | Total | 369,800 | 100.00 | 72 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 369,800 | 92.45 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 30,200 | 7.55 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 400,000 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 800,000 | 50.00 | |
| Source: African Elections Database, Butler et al. |||||
Urban areas saw a low turnout (just 15% in Pretoria compared to 45% in rural areas) a factor which favoured the Bophuthatswana National Party.
# Otto Porsch

Otto Porsch (12 September 1875 – 2 January 1959) was an Austrian biologist.
After his Ph.D he worked with Gottlieb Haberlandt in Graz and did his habilitation with Richard Wettstein in Vienna. He became first director of the botanical garden in Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine) and later professor at the University of Czernowitz (now Chernivtsi University). Porsch became director of the botanical institute in Vienna in 1920. He retired in 1945 and died in 1959.