OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David P. Lowe

David Perley Lowe (August 22, 1823 – April 10, 1882) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a representative from Kansas from 1871 to 1875.

## Biography

He graduated from the Cincinnati Law College in 1851 and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Cincinnati, Ohio. He moved to Mound City, Kansas, in 1861 and continued the practice of law.

### Career

He was a member of the State senate in 1863 and 1864 and served as a judge of the sixth judicial district 1867-1871. He moved to Fort Scott in 1870 and was elected as a Republican to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses (March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1875). He was chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining (Forty-third United States Congress) but declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1874.

### After Congress

He was appointed chief justice of Utah Territory by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1875. He returned to Kansas and settled in Fort Scott, Bourbon County, and was again elected judge of the sixth judicial district of Kansas in 1879 and served until his death in Fort Scott, Kansas, April 10, 1882.

## Legacy

Perhaps best remembered for his support of civil rights legislation, Lowe was quoted by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1961 in Monroe v. Pape, discussing Congressional debate of the 1871 Civil Rights Act (Ku Klux Klan Act):
   While murder is stalking abroad in disguise, while whippings and lynchings and banishments have been visited upon unoffending American citizens, the local administrations have been found inadequate or unwilling to apply the proper corrective. Combinations, darker than the night [which] hides them, conspiracies, wicked as the worst felons could devise, have gone unwhipped of justice. Immunity is given to crime, and the records of the public tribunals are searched in vain for any evidence of effective redress.
# Korgõmõisa

Korgõmõisa is a village in Võru Parish, Võru County in southeastern Estonia.
# DRG Class 98.11

The Class 98.11 steam locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn were rebuilds of the Bavarian Class GtL 4/4 (DRG Class 98.8-9).
Because the riding qualities of the Class 98.10 were still not good enough to raise the speed of branch line (Lokalbahn) trains in Bavaria significantly, the Reichsbahn decided in 1934 to rebuild a Class GtL 4/4 engine (no. 98 906). Amongst other things, it was given an additional leading axle. As a result, the boiler and driver's cab had to be moved forward, which resulted in their having to be raised by 250 mm.
After trials with the locomotive had proved successful, it was decided to modify another 26 engines by 1939 and to allocate them to a new locomotive class. A further engine followed in each of the years 1940 and 1941. The rebuilds were given numbers 98 1101 - 98 1129.
The permitted top speed of the rebuilds could be raised to 55 km/h, compared with 40 km/h for the GtL 4/4 and 45 km/h for the Class 98.10.
All 29 locomotives survived the Second World War. Apart from 98 1108, which went to the DR in East Germany, they all went into the Deutsche Bundesbahn. The East German engine was retired in 1967; those in the West between 1960 and 1968.
# P B Lawrence Stakes

The P B Lawrence Stakes, registered as the J J Liston Stakes, is a Melbourne Racing Club Group 2 Thoroughbred horse race held under weight for age conditions, for horses aged three years old and upwards, over a distance of 1400 metres, held at Caulfield Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia in August. Total prize money for the race is A$300,000.

## History

The inaugural running of the race in 1943 was run at Flemington Racecourse and was won by Lawrence trained by 2004 Australian Racing Hall of Fame inductee Lou Robertson.

### 1947 racebook

* 1947 WRC J.J.Liston Stakes racebook front cover
* 1947 WRC J.J.Liston Stakes officials & visitor information
* 1947 WRC J.J.Liston Stakes showing the winner, Valcurl
* 1947 WRC J.J.Liston Stakes starters and results
* Back cover showing railway arrangements and admission fares

### Name

The race name from 1943 to 2010 was the J J Liston Stakes, named after J. J. Liston (a prominent horse owner and president of the Williamstown Race Club). In 2011 the race name was changed to honour Peter B. Lawrence, who served 12 years as Chairman of the MRC.

### Distance

* 1949–1964 – 1 mile (~1600m)
* 1965–1972 - 7 furlongs (~1400m)
* 1973 onwards – 1400 metres

### Grade

* 1949–1978 – Principal Race
* 1979 onwards Group 2

### Venue

* 1949–1964 – Flemington Racecourse
* 1965–1983 – Sandown Park Racecourse
* 1984 – Caulfield Racecourse
* 1985–1996 – Sandown Park Racecourse
* 1997 – Caulfield Racecourse
* 1998–2001 – Sandown Park Racecourse
* 2002 onwards – Caulfield Racecourse

## Winners

* 2024 – Gentleman Roy
* 2023 – Mr Brightside
* 2022 – Mr Brightside
* 2021 – Sierra Sue
* 2020 – Savatiano
* 2019 – Mystic Journey
* 2018 – Showtime
* 2017 – Hartnell
* 2016 – Miss Rose De Lago
* 2015 – Mourinho
* 2014 – Star Rolling
* 2013 – Puissance De Lune
* 2012 – Second Effort
* 2011 – Whobegotyou
* 2010 – Shoot Out
* 2009 – Predatory Pricer
* 2008 – Light Fantastic
* 2007 – Apache Cat
* 2006 – Pompeii Ruler
* 2005 – Lad Of The Manor
* 2004 – Regal Roller
* 2003 – Super Elegant
* 2002 – Sports
* 2001 – Le Zagaletta
* 2000 – Skoozi Please
* 1999 – Inaflury
* 1998 – Vonanne
* 1997 – Happy Star
* 1996 – Delsole
* 1995 – Baryshnikov
* 1994 – Mahogany
* 1993 – Bundy Lad
* 1992 – Jim's Mate
* 1991 – Dr.Grace
* 1990 – Sydeston
* 1989 – Kairau Lad
* 1988 – My Steely Dan
* 1987 – Military Plume
* 1986 – Luther's Luck
* 1985 – King Delamere
* 1984 – Bow Mistress
* 1983 – Pleach
* 1982 – Cobra
* 1981 – Sovereign Red
* 1980 – Grey Sapphire
* 1979 – Waitangirua
* 1978 – So Called
* 1977 – Vice Regal
* 1976 – Bold Mayo
* 1975 – Wave King
* 1974 – Brandy Balloon
* 1973 – Zambari
* 1972 – Tauto
* 1971 – Tauto
* 1970 – Regal Vista
* 1969 – Maritana
* 1968 – Winfreux
* 1967 – Stellar Belle
* 1966 – Tobin Bronze
* 1965 – Samson
* 1964 – Craftsman
* 1963 – Nicopolis
* 1962 – My Peak
* 1961 – Anonyme
* 1960 – My Peak
* 1959 – Gay Saba
* 1958 – Lord
* 1957 – Syntax
* 1956 – Cyklon King
* 1955 – Cromis
* 1954 – Clear Springs
* 1953 – Bytact
* 1952 – Ellerslie
* 1951 – Chicquita
* 1950 – Clement
* 1949 – One Up
* 1948 - Flemish
* 1947 - Valcurl
* 1946 - Attley
* 1945 - Three O Three
* 1944 - Not Run
* 1943 - Lawrence
# Sarona, Wisconsin

Sarona is a town in Washburn County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 382 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Sarona is located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 33.3 square miles (86.3 km$^2$), of which, 31.9 square miles (82.7 km$^2$) of it is land and 1.4 square miles (3.7 km$^2$) of it (4.23%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 382 people, 165 households, and 103 families residing in the town. The population density was 12.0 people per square mile (4.6/km$^2$). There were 263 housing units at an average density of 8.2 per square mile (3.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 96.34% White, 0.26% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.26% Pacific Islander, and 2.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.52% of the population.
There were 165 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $30,357, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $27,321 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,194. About 9.1% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.
# Inwood, Warleigh

Inwood, Warleigh (grid reference ST800633) is a 56.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire, notified in 1988.
Although the nearest village is Warleigh in Somerset, the site is in the parish of Monkton Farleigh in Wiltshire.

## Sources

* Natural England citation sheet for the site (accessed 07 April 2022)
# Arman Kenesov

Arman Serikuly Kenesov (Kazakh: Арман Серікұлы Кеңесов; born 4 September 2000) is a Kazakhstani football player who plays for Aktobe.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Kazakhstan Premier League for FC Irtysh Pavlodar on 29 July 2018 in a game against FC Shakhter Karagandy.
On 7 August 2020, FC SKA-Khabarovsk announced the signing of Kenesov on a three-year contract. On 18 January 2021, he was loaned to Kaisar until November 2021.
On 14 December 2021, he moved to Aktobe.
# Příchovice

Příchovice is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants.
Příchovice lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Plzeň and 98 km (61 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Příchovice consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Příchovice (958)
* Kucíny (122)
* Zálesí (77)
# Chipper (drugs)

A chipper is an occasional recreational-drug user who does not use drugs with the regularity or frequency that is typical of addiction. It is used particularly to refer to occasional users of opiates and tobacco smokers.
It can also refer to people who use various recreational drugs, but none habitually.

## "Social" smokers

Such occasional users of tobacco are sometimes thought of as social smokers which is similar in meaning to social drinkers. However, evidence indicates that this only characterizes a minority of chippers. The prevalence of non-daily smoking in the U.S. has increased by 40% between 1996 and 2001.

## Tipping point

Chippers are given as an example in The Tipping Point; if chippers begin smoking above a certain threshold (or tipping point), then they will develop regular cravings and become addicted.

## History

The term dates at least to the 1970s, where it is used in reference to opiate use.
The term was notably used in reference to tobacco by psychologist Dr. Saul Shiffman, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh.
# Serhiy Skachenko

Serhiy Skachenko (born 18 November 1972) is a former Ukrainian football player.

## Career

He played for FC Seoul, then known as Anyang LG Cheetahs and Jeonnam Dragons of the South Korean K League.

## Club statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals |
| Soviet Union | Soviet Union | Soviet Union | League | League |
| 1989 | Traktor Pavlodar | | 4 | 0 |
| 1990 | Traktor Pavlodar | | 33 | 4 |
| 1991 | Metalist Kharkiv | Top League | 9 | 2 |
| Russia | Russia | Russia | League | League |
| 1992 | Torpedo Moscow | Top League | 25 | 3 |
| 1993 | Torpedo Moscow | Top League | 5 | 0 |
| Ukraine | Ukraine | Ukraine | League | League |
| 1993/94 | Temp Shepetivka | Premier League | 28 | 13 |
| 1994/95 | Dynamo Kyiv | Premier League | 16 | 3 |
| 1995/96 | Dynamo Kyiv | Premier League | 10 | 2 |
| Korea Republic | Korea Republic | Korea Republic | League | League |
| 1996 | Anyang LG Cheetahs | K-League | 31 | 11 |
| 1997 | Anyang LG Cheetahs | K-League | 3 | 2 |
| 1997 | Chunnam Dragons | K-League | 12 | 6 |
| Russia | Russia | Russia | League | League |
| 1998 | Torpedo Moscow | Top Division | 29 | 6 |
| 1999 | Torpedo Moscow | Top Division | 13 | 1 |
| France | France | France | League | League |
| 1999/00 | Metz | Division 1 | 16 | 4 |
| 2000/01 | Metz | Division 1 | 8 | 0 |
| Switzerland | Switzerland | Switzerland | League | League |
| 2000/01 | Neuchâtel Xamax | Nationalliga A | 7 | 4 |
| Russia | Russia | Russia | League | League |
| 2001 | Torpedo Moscow | Top Division | 1 | 0 |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League |
| 2001 | Sanfrecce Hiroshima | J1 League | 11 | 2 |
| France | France | France | League | League |
| 2001/02 | Metz | Division 1 | 3 | 0 |
| 2002/03 | Metz | Ligue 2 | 5 | 0 |
| Switzerland | Switzerland | Switzerland | League | League |
| 2002/03 | Aarau | Nationalliga A | 4 | 0 |
| Ukraine | Ukraine | Ukraine | League | League |
| 2003/04 | Karpaty Lviv | Premier League | 2 | 0 |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan | League | League |
| 2004/05 | Turan Tovuz | Top League | 20 | 4 |
| Country | Soviet Union | Soviet Union | 46 | 6 |
| Country | Russia | Russia | 73 | 10 |
| Country | Ukraine | Ukraine | 56 | 18 |
| Country | Korea Republic | Korea Republic | 46 | 19 |
| Country | France | France | 32 | 4 |
| Country | Switzerland | Switzerland | 11 | 4 |
| Country | Japan | Japan | 11 | 2 |
| Country | Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan | 20 | 4 |
| Total | Total | Total | 295 | 67 |

## National team statistics

Ukraine national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1994 | 4 | 0 |
| 1995 | 0 | 0 |
| 1996 | 0 | 0 |
| 1997 | 0 | 0 |
| 1998 | 4 | 3 |
| 1999 | 7 | 0 |
| 2000 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 17 | 3 |

## International goals

    Results list Ukraine's goal tally first.
| Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 19 August 1998 | Kyiv, Ukraine | Georgia | 1 goal | 4–0 | Friendly match |
| 5 September 1998 | Kyiv, Ukraine | Russia | 1 goal | 3–2 | UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying |
| 14 October 1998 | Kyiv, Ukraine | Armenia | 1 goal | 2–0 | UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying |
# John Shane

John Shane (May 26, 1822 – September 18, 1899) was an American politician, judge, and military officer.

## Early life and education

John Shane was born on May 26, 1822, in Jefferson County, Ohio. He graduated from Washington & Jefferson College in Pennsylvania and studied law under Edwin M. Stanton.

## Career

In 1856, Shane settled in Vinton, Iowa, where he established the law firm Alexander, Shane & McCartney. With the outbreak of the American Civil War, Shane enlisted in Company G of the 13th Iowa Infantry Regiment. He participated in significant battles, including the Battle of Shiloh and the Atlanta campaign. Shane began his military career as a captain and was promoted to colonel, succeeding Marcellus M. Crocker when Crocker was promoted to brigadier general.
After the war, Shane returned to Vinton to resume his law practice. He was elected to the Iowa Senate as a Republican from District 33 in 1871. He was re-elected in 1875 and redistricted to District 28 before the 1877 election. However, he chose to accept an 1876 gubernatorial nomination to serve as a judge for the Eighth Judicial District of Iowa, succeeding James H. Rothrock, who had been elevated to the Iowa Supreme Court.
Shane was elected to a full term as a judge in 1878. He resigned from the position in 1882 due to paralysis.

## Death

John Shane died on September 18, 1899, in Vinton, Iowa.
# Cassiel Rousseau

Cassiel Emmanuel Rousseau (born 4 February 2001) is an Australian diver. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's 10 metre platform, and the 2024 Summer Olympics in the men's 10 metre platform and men's synchronised 10 metre platform, the latter with Domonic Bedggood. Rousseau claimed gold in the men's 10m platform World Championships event in Fukuoka 2023, creating history for the Australian diving team by becoming the first Australian men's 10m platform world champion.

## Early life and career

Rousseau is the grandson of French cyclist Michel Rousseau, who won gold in the men's sprint at the 1956 Summer Olympics. His mother is from Paris, and the family (he is a twin and one of seven children) spoke French at home when he was young. He was a child circus performer and acrobatic gymnast, and appeared in a series final of Australia's Got Talent by age 11. He began diving in 2017,and became Australia's elite junior champion a year later. His older sister Elodie formerly performed with Cirque Du Soleil in Las Vegas.
In June 2022, he was named to the Australian diving team for the 2022 Commonwealth Games. He won a gold medal in the Men's 10 metre platform event and bronze medals in the mixed synchronised 10 metre platform event alongside Emily Boyd and the men's synchronised 10 metre platform alongside Domonic Bedggood.
Rousseau was named World Aquatics diver of the year after winning the men's 10m platform event at the Fukuoka 2023 World Aquatics Championships.
In the 2024 Olympics, he finished 6th in the men's 10 synchronised 10 metre platform.

## Personal life

As of 2024, Rousseau was studying psychology at Griffith University and working part-time as a receptionist at a wellness centre.

## Competitive history

| Competition | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2023 |
| Olympic Games, 10 m platform | | 8th 430.35 | |
| FINA World Championships, 10 m platform | 9th 455.35 | | | 1st 520.85 |
# Göta älv

The Göta älv (Swedish pronunciation:; "River of (the) Geats") is a river that drains lake Vänern into the Kattegat, at the city of Gothenburg, on the western coast of Sweden. It was formed at the end of the last glaciation, as an outflow channel from the Baltic Ice Lake to the Atlantic Ocean and nowadays it has the largest drainage basin in Scandinavia.
The Göta älv is located in Götaland, with the river itself being a site of early Geatish settlement. Its length is 93 km (58 mi). The Bohus Fortress is located by the river at Kungälv. There the river splits into two, with the northern part being the Nordre älv and the southern part keeping the name Göta älv; the two arms of the river enclose the island of Hisingen.
At Trollhättan there is a dam, canal locks and a hydropower station in the river. The locks make the river navigable, even for large cargo vessels (88 m [289 ft] long). The artificial parts are called Trollhätte Canal. The river and the canal is part of a mostly inland waterway, Göta Canal, which spans the width of Sweden to the Baltic Sea south of Stockholm.
The power station supplied electric power to the heavy steel industry concentrated around Trollhättan Falls, contributing to its Industrial Revolution. In the summer months the spillway of the dam is opened for a few minutes daily and tourists gather to see the water rushing down the river (picture).
There are concerns about whether the maximum permitted discharge of 1,000 m$^3$/s (35,000 cu ft/s) is enough in a scenario where heavy rain floods the lake Vänern, causing considerable damage. Previously this was thought not to be possible in reality, but in 2001 the lake was flooded almost 1 m (3 ft) above maximum level (and some upstream lakes like Glafsfjorden flooded 3 m [10 ft]). In this situation, Göta älv was allowed a discharge of 1,100 m$^3$/s (39,000 cu ft/s) for months causing a big risk of landslides. Now a water tunnel between Vänersborg and Uddevalla is considered as a rescue solution.
There is a large risk of landslides along the river and historical records of 15 landslides exist. The largest occurred in the years 1150, 1648, 1950, 1957 and 1977 (Tuve landslide).

## Name in other languages

In Old Norse the river was called the Gautelfr; in Icelandic it is Gautelfur; and in Norwegian it is sometimes rendered as Gøtelv.
# Joseph H. Hawkins

Joseph H. Hawkins (c. 1785 – 1823) was a United States Congressman from Kentucky. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky about 1785. He pursued an academic course. He studied law and was admitted to the bar. He was a member of the Kentucky State House of Representatives from 1810 to 1813 and served two years as Speaker.
He was elected as a Republican to the Thirteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry Clay (1814–1815). Hawkins was not a candidate for renomination in 1814 and resumed the practice of law. He also engaged in mercantile pursuits.
He moved to New Orleans in 1819. Hawkins died in the vicinity of Madisonville, Louisiana (an area on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain above New Orleans) in 1823 of yellow fever, worsened while helping distressed sailors near the shore of the lake behind his home. His financial contributions aided Stephen F. Austin and others in the colonization of Texas. His son Norbonne Hawkins was killed at Goliad.
# Coalescence

Coalesce, coalescence or coalescent can refer to:

## Chemistry and physics

* Coalescence (chemistry), the process by which two or more separate masses of miscible substances seem to "pull" each other together should they make the slightest contact
* Coalescence (physics), the merging of two or more droplets, bubbles or particles into one
* Coalescer, device which induces coalescence in a medium

## Computer science

* Coalescence (computer science), the act of merging adjacent free blocks of memory to fill gaps caused by memory deallocation
* COALESCE, an SQL function that selects the first non-null from a range of values
* Null coalescing operator, a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages
* Coalesced hashing, a strategy of hash collision resolution in computing
* Interrupt coalescing, a technique where events which would normally trigger a hardware interrupt are held back until either a certain amount of work is pending or a timeout timer triggers
* Timer coalescing, an energy-saving technique for processors

## Other fields of science

* Coalescence (genetics) or the coalescent theory, the merging of genetic lineages backwards to a most recent common ancestor, in other words a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor
* Coalescence (linguistics), also known as fusion (phonetics) or vowel coalescence, a sound change where two or more phonological segments with distinctive features merge into a single segment
* Coalescence (statistics), the merging of independent probability density functions
* In geography, the process by which urban sprawl produces a linear conurbation
* Microvoid coalescence (materials science), a high energy microscopic fracture mechanism observed in the majority of metallic alloys and in some engineering plastics

## Popular culture

* Coalesce (band), a metalcore band from Kansas City, Missouri, active from 1994 to 1999, 2005–
** Coalesce discography, a list of Coalesce's albums and songs
** Coalesce / Boysetsfire, a split music album released in 2000, by the bands Boysetsfire and Coalesce covering each other
* Coalescence (Whit Dickey album), a 2004 jazz album
* Coalescence (Andre Canniere album), a 2013 jazz album
* Coalescent, a 2003 science-fiction novel
# Athivakkam

Athivakkam is a village located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.