OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Graham Nelson

Graham A. Nelson (born 1968) is a British mathematician, poet, and the creator of the Inform design system for creating interactive fiction (IF) games. He has authored several IF games, including Curses (1993) and Jigsaw (1995).

## Education

In 1994, Nelson received a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Oxford under the supervision of Simon Donaldson.

## Writing

Nelson co-edited Oxford Poetry and in 1997 received an Eric Gregory Award from the Society of Authors for his poetry. As of 2004 he was managing editor of Legenda, the imprint of the Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA).

## Interactive fiction

Nelson is the creator of the Inform design system for creating interactive fiction (IF) games. He has also authored several IF games, including Curses (1993) and Jigsaw (1995), using the experience of writing Curses in particular to expand the range of verbs that Inform is capable of understanding.

## Personal life

Nelson is married to IF writer Emily Short.

## Games
### Written

* Curses (1993, Z-code)
* Deja Vu (1993, Z-code)
* Balances (1994, Z-code)
* Jigsaw (1995, Z-code)
* The Meteor, the Stone and a Long Glass of Sherbet (as "Angela M. Horns", 1996, Z-code), for IF Comp 1996 (1st place). Was a finalist for Best Individual Puzzle, Best Puzzles, Best Writing, and Best Game at the XYZZY Awards 1996
* The Tempest (1997, Z-code), for IF Comp 1997 (25th place). Winner of Best Use of Medium at the XYZZY Awards 1997.
* Time and Dwarves (1998, Inform source code). Demo code for Inform programmers.
* Ruins (as "Angela M. Horns", 2001)
* The Reliques of Tolti-Aph (2006, Z-code)

### Ported

* Adventure
* Adventureland
* Crobe
* Fyleet
* Quest for the Sangraal

## Other works

* (1995) "The Craft of the Adventure" (2nd ed)
* (1997) Singularities, with Polly Clark and Tim Kendall. Oxford: Hubble Press. ISBN 0-9531989-0-1. Anthology of poetry
* (2001) Inform Designers Manual (4th ed), with Gareth Rees. Placet Solutions, ISBN 0-9713119-0-0
# Bandish

Bandish, cheez or gat is a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani vocal or instrumental music. It is set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhawaj, a steady drone, and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi, violin or harmonium. There are different ways of systematizing the parts of a composition. A bandish provides the literature element in the music, for standard structured singing. In the past many gharanas protected their bandishes from moving out of the family with gross incoherent vocal renditions. In the realm of vocal music, it is often known as cheez.

## Etymology

The word bandish is derived from the Hindustani language, and literally means "binding together".

## Sections

Sthāyī or Asthāyī: The initial, Rondo phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition.
Antarā: The second body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition.
Sanchāri: The third body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes.
Aabhog: The fourth and concluding body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes.

## Tempo

There are three variations of Bandish, regarding tempo:
Vilambit Bandish: A slow and steady melodic composition, usually in Largo to Adagio speeds.
Madhyalaya Bandish: A medium tempo melodic composition, usually set in Andante to Allegretto speeds.
Drut Bandish: A fast tempo melodic composition, usually set to Allegretto speed, and onwards.

## Selected Bandish Compositions

| Bandish | Language | Rāg | Lay | Tāl | Composer | Singer | Remarks | Publisher / Label |
| Giridhar gopal shyam | Hindi | Bhimsen | Vilambit &Madhyalaya Bandish | Roopak | Mahesh Mahadev | Jayateerth Mevundi | Bandish on Lord Venkateshwara | PM Audios & Entertainments |
| he mhare rajendra mana mohyo | Hindi | Dhanashree | Vilambit Bandish | Trital | Vilayat Hussain Khan | Vilayat Hussain Khan | | |
| Aaj More Man Lago | Hindi | Gujri Todi | Madhyalaya Bandish | Teen | | Bhimsen Joshi | | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |
| Begun Gun Gave | Hindi | Gujri Todi | Drut Bandish: | Teen | | Bhimsen Joshi | | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |
| Ab to Badi Der Bhaila | Hindi | Bhimpalasi | Vilambit Bandish | Teen | | Bhimsen Joshi | | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |
| Brij Mein Dhoom Machaye Kanha | Hindi | Bhimpalasi | Drut Bandish: | Teen | | Bhimsen Joshi | | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. |
| Dijyo Badhai Sab Mil Aaj | Hindi | Bhatiyar | Vilambit Bandish | Teen | Shankar Abhyankar | Sanjeev Abhyankar & Devaki Pandit | | Fountain Music Company |
| Man Ke Mandir Aayo Re | Hindi | Bhimsen | Drut Bandish | Teen | Mahesh Mahadev | Jayateerth Mevundi | Bandish on Lord Venkateshwara | PM Audios & Entertainments |
# Snake Creek (James River tributary)

Snake Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is a tributary of James River.
Snake Creek was so named on account of its frequent meanders.
# Antonetti

Antonetti is a surname derived from the Antonius root name. Notable people with the surname include:
* Chris Antonetti, American baseball executive
* Frédéric Antonetti (born 1961), football manager
* Lorenzo Antonetti (1922–2013), Roman Catholic cardinal
* Olga Antonetti (1945–1968), Venezuelan beauty pageant winner
# Mathias de Sousa

Mathias de Sousa was an early settler of the Province of Maryland and is often cited as the first person of African descent to vote in an American legislature, owing to his presence at a 1641 Maryland Assembly meeting. De Sousa came to Maryland as an indentured servant of Jesuit priests, who identified him as being a "molato" in a pair of land claim documents.
De Sousa's racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, which were largely reduced to a contemporary understanding of the word "mulatto" in the 20th century, is still debated among academics, although he is largely believed to have been of mixed Portuguese and African background.

## Life

De Sousa arrived in colonial Maryland, likely sometime between 1633 and 1635, as an indentured servant of Father Andrew White, a Jesuit priest. De Sousa was referred to as a "molato" in a 1639 document written by Father Ferdinand Poulton, who was requesting land be allocated to his Jesuit order. A second document repeating this request once again listed de Sousa as a "molato". The six other documented mentions of de Sousa in the historical record, five of which were made by an English court recorder, do not make any mention of his race or ethnic background.
On March 23, 1641, de Sousa was recorded as having been present at a Maryland Assembly meeting. According to University of Maryland law professor David S. Bogan:
   De Sousa's absence from the earlier meetings raises the possibility that he was merely a spectator or a witness in one of the cases decided by the provincial court, but the records contain no reference that might suggest persons listed as assembled were not freemen. Laws passed in the afternoon session were stated to be "passed by all." Consequently, de Sousa's recorded presence in the list of persons assembled on the afternoon of March 23 indicates his status as a free man voting on the laws passed at that time.
That same year, de Sousa was recorded as being responsible for the hiring of men for an expedition to trade fur with the Susquehanna. He also served as the skipper of the expedition's pinnace. In 1642, de Sousa and his employee John Prettiman were indentured to the Provincial Secretary, John Lewger, for debts likely incurred from the fur trading expeditions. There is no historical mention of de Sousa following 1643.
De Sousa has often been assumed to have been Catholic, although some sources have speculated him to be a Sephardic Jew.

## Legacy

A historical marker has been erected in St. Mary's City in St. Mary's County, Maryland.
The actor Denzel Washington spent the summer of 1976 in the city of St. Mary's in summer stock theater performing Wings of the Morning, the Maryland State play, which was written for him by incorporating an African-American character/narrator based loosely on de Sousa.
# USS Platte (AO-186)

USS Platte (AO-186) was the fifth and last of the Cimarron-class ships built to carry cargo and bulk fuel to battle groups. She was homeported in Norfolk, Virginia and carried a crew of 180 -230 sailors as standard during her years of service.
Platte derived her name from the Platte River. Her contract was awarded 11 April 1978 and she was built at Avondale Shipyard in New Orleans. Her keel was laid 2 February 1981, and launched 30 January 1982. Platte was commissioned on 16 April 1983.
Her most notable historical event was the collision with the USS Trippe approximately 500 miles east of Jacksonville, Florida on 19 April 1989. This event was reported in the media, however it was overshadowed by a major naval disaster that occurred the same day. That was the day the USS Iowa (BB-61) turret 2 exploded killing 47 sailors off the coast of Puerto Rico.
Between May 1989 – May 1994 she transited the Panama Canal four times (three times west to east and once east to west.)
She departed Norfolk, Virginia 28 December 1990 en route to Desert Shield support. Before she made the turn into the Straits of Hormuz, the shield became a storm and she fueled ships as the "Fifth and Finest Fleet Oiler" before becoming the "Preferred Oiler of the Persian Gulf.". She returned to Norfolk 28 June 1991 from Desert Storm.
In February 1992 she departed Norfolk, Virginia and returned to Avondale Shipyard. Between February and December Platte was "jumboized", meaning that, after cutting the ship into two sections, a 35.7 m long section was added to increase the fuel load. The new "mid-body" section included an ammunition elevator, a second Fairbanks Morse emergency diesel generator, additional a/c capabilities as well as several cargo holds. She departed Avondale Shipyard December 1992 being the last of the five ships to undergo this process and completing it in 10 months.
At commissioning she was 88 feet wide at her beam, 216 m (700 ft) long, displaced approx 37,000 tons at a speed of 19 knots. Propulsion was two 600 psi (4,100 kPa) steam boilers (automated steam) to one propeller. Her draft was 32 feet.
In 1991 she circumnavigated South America escorting the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk to its west coast home port after leaving the shipyards in Norfolk, Va.
She was decommissioned 30 June 1999 and placed in the James River Reserve Fleet (Ghost Fleet) near Fort Eustis, Virginia. Platte was slated for disposal at the earliest opportunity as of 7 August 2008.
She was scrapped by Southern Recycling at Brownsville in December 2014.

## Awards

* Joint Meritorious Unit Commendation
* Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation - x2
* Navy E Ribbon - x3
* Southwest Asia Service Medal
* Armed Forces Service Medal x2
* Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation
* Coast Guard Special Operations Service Ribbon
* Kuwait Liberation Medal (Kuwait)
# Gerhard Engel

Gerhard Engel (13 April 1906 – 9 December 1976) was a German general during World War II who commanded several divisions after serving as an adjutant to Adolf Hitler. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

## Military career

Gerhard Engel joined the army in 1925, and served in the armed forces of the Weimar Republic and then of Nazi Germany. In 1938, he was appointed adjutant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Army. In 1941, he was promoted to major, and appointed an army adjutant to Hitler. He wrote a secret diary which was published after the war as "At the Heart of the Reich". In 1943, Engel was transferred to the Western Front. He fought in the Battle of Aachen, the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, the Battle of the Bulge, and the Battle of Halbe.
From 13 April 1945 until the end of World War II, Engel commanded the Infantry Division Ulrich von Hutten. He was taken prisoner by the U.S. Army in May 1945, and released in December 1947. After his release, Engel was manager of a sugar factory in Nörvenich, and then of a machine factory in Düsseldorf. From April 1958 to December 1976, he worked as State Commissioner of the Society for Military Customer in North Rhine-Westphalia. Engel died in 1976.

## Awards and decorations

* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (26 February 1944) & 1st Class (23 May 1944)
* German Cross in Silver on 16 October 1943 as Oberstleutnant in Füsilier-Regiment 27
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 4 July 1944 as Oberstleutnant and commander of Füsilier-Regiment 27
** Oak Leaves on 11 December 1944 as Generalmajor and commander of 12. Volksgrenadier-Division
# Wrząca, Kalisz County

Wrząca is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzeziny, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Brzeziny, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Kalisz, and 127 km (79 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# John Yonge

John Yonge (c. 1465 – 25 April 1516) was an English ecclesiastic and diplomatist, who also served as Master of the Rolls from 1507 until his death.
He is not to be confused with his contemporary John Young (suffragan bishop in London) (1463–1526).

## Life

John Yonge was born at Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire, and educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, where he became a fellow in 1485. Probably the son of John Yonge, Lord Mayor of London (elected 1466), he was ordained in 1500 and held several livings (and the office of Archdeacon of Barnstaple) before receiving his first diplomatic mission to arrange a commercial treaty with the archduke of Austria in 1504, and in the Low Countries in 1506 in connection with the projected marriage between Henry VII and Margaret of Savoy.
In 1507 he was made Master of the Rolls, and in the following year was employed in various diplomatic missions. He was one of the ambassadors who arranged the Holy League in 1513, and accompanied Henry VIII during the ensuing campaign. He was on terms of close friendship with Dean Colet, and was a correspondent of Erasmus.
In 1514 he was made dean of York in succession to Wolsey, and in 1515 he was one of the commissioners for renewing the peace with Francis I. In the same year he became archdeacon of Barnstaple.
Yonge died in London on 25 April 1516. His effigial tomb monument is in the former Rolls Chapel, now part of the Maughan Library, King's College London.

## Arms

The arms pictured here relate to John Yonge, Somerset Herald and are not those pictured above on the tomb of John Yonge.
Coat of arms of John Yonge :
* EscutcheonAzure, 3 griffins segreant argent, beaks & claws gules.
# Taff Vale Railway O4 class

The Taff Vale Railway O4 class was a class of 0-6-2T steam tank locomotives designed by Tom Hurry Riches and introduced to the Taff Vale Railway in 1907. They were rebuilt with taper boilers and superheaters by the Great Western Railway (GWR) from 1924.
The first loco withdrawn was 402 in April 1948 from Treherbert shed. The last three locos, 290, 317 and 321 were withdrawn together from Cardiff East Dock shed in July 1955. None were preserved.

## Builders and numbering

The locomotives were built in several batches by Vulcan Foundry, Manning Wardle and Beyer, Peacock and Company. Their GWR numbers were in the range 200-420 but they were not consecutive and were intermingled with other classes.
| Year | Quantity | Manufacturer | Serial Number | TVR Numbers | GWR Numbers | Notes |
| 1907 | 7 | Manning Wardle | 1698–1704 | 38, 43, 59, 67–69, 94 | 285, 287, 293–295, 420, 296 | 420 renumbered 220 sometime between 1946 and 1950 |
| 1908 | 7 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 5095–5101 | 39, 95, 97, 98, 101, 102, 104 | 286, 297–302 | 300–302 renumbered 200–202 sometime between 1946 and 1950 |
| 1908 | 7 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 5127–5133 | 6, 9, 48, 56, 58, 105, 111 | 280, 282, 289, 291, 292, 236, 314 | 314 renumbered 206 sometime between 1946 and 1950 |
| 1910 | 10 | Beyer, Peacock & Co. | 5384–5393 | 13, 49, 112–116, 118, 119, 121 | 409, 290, 315, 317–321, 324, 333 | 315, 317–321, 324, 333, 409 renumbered 207–211, 215–218 sometime between 1946 and 1950 |
| 1910 | 10 | Vulcan Foundry | 2529–2538 | 1, 28, 8, 17, 35, 36, 46, 108–110 | 278, 279, 281, 283, 284, 414, 288, 310, 311, 313 | 310, 311, 313, 414 renumbered 203–205, 219 sometime between 1946 and 1950 |
# Maharishi (brand)

Maharishi is a London based company founded in 1994 by Hardy Blechman in 1994. The company uses natural fibres and up-cycled army issued clothing for collections.

## History

Hardy Blechman began his career buying and selling military surplus before founding Maharishi in 1994. Blechman won the British Fashion Council's Streetwear Designer of the Year Award in 2000, because of the popularity of Maharishi's sports and military products. The company's first flagship store was opened in central London in 2001.
In 2004, Maharishi published Hardy Blechman's DPM: Disruptive Pattern Material, a 944 page camouflage encyclopaedia. The book charts the history of camouflage from its roots in nature, to its adoption by the military, and onto its current popularity and use within art and fashion. In a 2013 Complex magazine story listing "triple OG labels that are still slaying the competition," Maharishi is cited as "knowing more about camo than the Pentagon."

## Production
### Snopants

One of Maharishi's signatures, the Snopants, began as an upcycled version of the U.S. Army "Snow Camouflage Over Trousers". Maharishi altered the silhouette and fabrication while often adding embroideries, which made the Snopants a coveted item among celebrities and streetwear enthusiasts. In their millennial round up Arena Magazine described Snopants as "the most copied pants of the decade".

### Upcycling

Maharishi was founded "with the intention to offer environmentally sound hemp and upcycled military & industrial surplus", according to Hardy Blechman. Their collections regularly include repurposed garments such as U.S. army liners and flight jackets, Italian military surplus knits, and Austrian M65 jackets, as well as vintage silk Kimonos.

### Hemp and Natural Fibres

Maharishi produces its garments with natural fibres like hemp fabric and organic cotton. Founder Blechman also developed the first waterproof hemp fabric with the Italian mill ITS Artea.
# Antero Rokka

Antero "Antti" Rokka is a fictional character in Väinö Linna's 1954 war novel The Unknown Soldier. Antero Rokka is a well-known figure in the story, and he has taken on an almost archetypal role in Finnish culture. According to Väinö Linna's own testimony, Rokka's character is based on Linna's comrade-in-arms, Viljam Pylkäs [fi], as the two fought in the Continuation War (1941–44). It is also said that Linna borrowed the character's name from a real-life Ingrian soldier, Antti Rokka, whom Linna would have gotten to know after the war, and that the Rokka in the book would also have the character traits of the real Rokka.

## In the novel

Rokka is a farmer and family man from the Karelian Isthmus, who has the military rank of corporal. Rokka, who participated in the Winter War, joins the machine gun company in 1941 during the Continuation War, and is one of the oldest in the unit. As a fighter, he is very capable, being disrespectful to formal discipline, he ends up several times in disputes with Lieutenant Lammio. When ignoring the given orders, Rokka considers himself to be above the rules, and he is even ready to threaten to kill others if they try to bring him to justice. As a soldier, Rokka is above all very pragmatic in nature: he enjoys fighting, but not killing, because he feels no hatred towards the enemy. In his opinion, there are only two options in war: kill or be killed. As far as we know, Rokka's only, but even greater, motive for his participation in the war is to get his home region, the Karelian Isthmus, which was snatched from Finland as a result of the Winter War, back from the Soviets. Rokka is not a thinker either, instead he leaves the consideration of the morality of war to others.

## Performers

In the 1955 The Unknown Soldier film, directed by Edvin Laine, Rokka was played by amateur actor Reino Tolvanen. In the 1985 version, directed by Rauni Mollberg, Rokka was played by Paavo Liski, and in the 2017 version, directed by Aku Louhimies, Rokka was played by Eero Aho.
# December 2017 Diffa Region clash

In the early morning hours of 6 December 2017, militants believed to be affiliated with the Islamic State in West Africa attacked a patrol of US Army Special Forces and Nigerian soldiers near Diffa, in the Lake Chad Basin Region in Niger. During the ensuing firefight, Nigerian and American personnel suffered no casualties while 11 militants, including two wearing suicide vests, were killed. An enemy weapons cache was also destroyed by the joint US/Nigerian force. The firefight was not planned as the purpose of the mission was aimed at setting "the conditions for future partner-led operations against violent extremist organizations in the region".
The attack came a little over two months after the deadly ambush in the village of Tongo Tongo that left at least 30 dead including four American Special Forces personnel. The December firefight was not initially reported and only learned three months later after a declassified report made for Congress was obtained by The New York Times. The firefight is just one of 10 other incidents involving American personal in Niger. During these previous firefights, excluding the ambush that happened two months earlier, only a few enemy combatants were killed while no Americans or Nigerians were hurt.
This event and, most prominently, the October ambush led to security changes for US forces operating in the region such as armored vehicles instead of lightly armored SUV's, the arming of drones, and taking a closer look at when US forces conduct operations with local troops.
# Wycisłowo

Wycisłowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borek Wielkopolski, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Borek Wielkopolski, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Gostyń, and 66 km (41 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# CPOP

CPOP, C-Pop, or C-pop may refer to:

## Music

* C-pop, Chinese pop music, popular music from China or Greater China, or, popular music in Chinese
* Cantopop (CPOP), Cantonese-language popular music
* City pop, s genre of Japanese music, a subgenre of J-pop, Japanese pop music
* Country pop (urban country), a genre that is a mix of "pop" music with "country and western" music
* Cowboy pop, "country and western" themed pop music

## Places

* Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, University of Albany, Albany, New York State, USA
* C-Pop (gallery), Detroit, Michigan, USA; an art gallery

## Groups, organizations

* Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; a 501(c)(4) nonprofit advocacy group
* Center for the Protection of Industrial Facilities (CPOP), a division of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Guard (Russia), part of the National Guard of Russia
* Committee on Population (CPOP), a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, USA

## Other uses

* Hamming weight, also called Population Count (CPOP), in information theory, how different a string is from a zero-string
** cpop (count population), an instruction in RISC-V computer machine code to calculate Hamming weight
* Controlled-Porosity Osmotic Pump, a type of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system for pharmaceuticals
# Socki Creek

Socki Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
Socki may be a word derived from the Choctaw language signifying "bank; bluff". A variant name is "Sock Creek".
# Peerzada Feroze Ahamad

Peerzada Feroze Ahamad is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Devsar Assembly constituency as a Member of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference party.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Constituency | Party | Party | Result | Votes % | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition Party | Opposition vote % | Ref |
| 2024 | Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir | | JKNC | Won | 27.91% | Mohammed Sartaj Madni | | JKPDP | 26.63% | |