OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Christopher Davies

George Christopher Davies (11 October 1849, Oswestry – 29 November, 1922, Norwich) was a prolific photographer and writer who played an important role in encouraging popular awareness of the Norfolk Broads.
George was the eldest child of the geologist, David Christopher Davies. In 1871 after having recently qualified as a lawyer he read an account of the Norfolk Broads and decided to apply to join the legal practice of Abel Tillett in Norwich.

## Books

* (1875) The Golden Shaft (1875) London: Bentley
   * Volume 1
   * Volume 2
   * Volume 3
* (1875) Rambles and Adventures of Our School Field-Club, London: Henry S. King,
* (1876) The Swan and Her Crew: or, The Adventures of Three Young Naturalists and Sportsmen on the Broads and Rivers of Norfolk
* (1891) Our Home in Averyon: with studies of peasant life and customs in Aveyron and the Lot London: W. Blackwood
# K. R. Palaniswamy

Kallipatti Ramasamy Palaniswamy is an Indian gastroenterologist, medical academic and writer and a senior consultant at Apollo Hospital, Chennai. He is a former president (2004–05) of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology and a patron its Tamil Nadu chapter. After graduating in medicine from JJM Medical College, Davangere in 1972, he continued his studies to secure an MD in general medicine in 1977 and a DM in gastroenterology in 1981, simultaneously working as a member of faculty. In 1986, while working as an assistant professor, he was deputed to Stanley Medical College, Chennai as a professor where he established the department of gastroenterology.
Palaniswamy, who has written several articles on gastroenterology, served as a member of the Academic Boards of the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences from 1986 to 1996 and Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University in 1997 and was a member of the Indian delegation for the Academic Exchange programs to Germany in 1986 and to USSR in 1987. He chaired the Mid-Term ISG Conference of 2014 and serves as a National Faculty of the Indian Society of Organ Transplantation (ISOT). A fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Glasgow, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science by Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University in 2014. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for his contributions to medical science. He is married to Padmini and the family lives in Chennai.
* India portal
* Medicine portal
# Mill Creek (Neshaminy Creek tributary, Northampton Township)

Mill Creek is a tributary of Neshaminy Creek rising in Upper Southampton Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is one of at least six creeks in Bucks County bearing the same name. The upper portion of Mill Creek was formerly known as Broad Axe Creek.

## Statistics

Mill Creek rises near the intersection of Pennsylvania Route 232 and Bristol Road in Upper Southampton, travels through the northern corner of Lower Southampton Township, then easterly through the lower part of Northampton Township where it meets Neshaminy Creek at the latter's 11.25 river mile. Mill Creek's drainage basin is approximately 17.40 square miles (45.1 km$^2$).
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection designation is 02519.
US Geological Survey designation is 1192933.

## Tributaries

* Pine Run
* Ironworks Creek

## Geology

* Appalachian Highlands Division
** Piedmont Province
*** Gettysburg-Newark Lowland Section
**** Stockton Formation
Mill Creek lies in the Stockton Formation, a sedimentary layer of rock laid down during the Triassic. Mineralogy includes coarse-grained arkosic and other sandstone, shale, siltstone, and mudstone. Mill Creek meets the Neshaminy at the Fall Line between the Piedmont Province and the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

## Municipalities

* Northampton Township
* Lower Southampton Township
* Upper Southampton Township

## Crossings and bridges

| Crossing | NBI Number | Length | Lanes | Spans | Material/Design | Built | Reconstructed | Coordinates |
| Cherry Blossom Drive | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 40°11′51″N 75°2′20″W﻿ / ﻿40.19750°N 75.03889°W﻿ / 40.19750; -75.03889 |
| Pennsylvania Route 232 (North Second Street Pike) & Bristol Road | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 40°11′28″N 75°1′56″W﻿ / ﻿40.19111°N 75.03222°W﻿ / 40.19111; -75.03222 |
| Churchville Road | 45523 | 15 metres (49 ft) | 2 | 1 | prestressed concrete lob box beam or girder | 2009 | - | 40°10′44.4″N 75°1′21.72″W﻿ / ﻿40.179000°N 75.0227000°W﻿ / 40.179000; -75.0227000 |
| Rydal Lane | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 40°10′39″N 75°1′5″W﻿ / ﻿40.17750°N 75.01806°W﻿ / 40.17750; -75.01806 |
| Gravel Hill Road | 7511 | 10 metres (33 ft) | 1 | 2 | masonry long Arch-Deck | 1996 | - | 40°10′29.2″N 75°0′51.8″W﻿ / ﻿40.174778°N 75.014389°W﻿ / 40.174778; -75.014389 |
| Bustletown Pike | 7299 | 9 metres (30 ft) | 2 | 1 | Concrete long slab | 1965 | - | 40°10′12.6″N 75°0′31.02″W﻿ / ﻿40.170167°N 75.0086167°W﻿ / 40.170167; -75.0086167 |
| West Bristol Road | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 40°10′7″N 74°59′55″W﻿ / ﻿40.16861°N 74.99861°W﻿ / 40.16861; -74.99861 |
| Buck Road | 7045 | 35 metres (115 ft) | 2 | 2 | Prestressed concrete long box beam or girder | 1932 | 1984 | 40°10′17.8″N 74°59′14.2″W﻿ / ﻿40.171611°N 74.987278°W﻿ / 40.171611; -74.987278 |
| Bridgetown Pike | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 40°10′41″N 74°57′47″W﻿ / ﻿40.17806°N 74.96306°W﻿ / 40.17806; -74.96306 |
# Merano Tramway

The Merano Tramway was built and opened in 1908 to satisfy the urban transport requirement in the town of Merano, at that time an important town in the Austrian monarchy. There was already a tramway crossing the town, the Lana-Merano railway. The new tram line was to cross the town at right angles to the existing line.
The line started at the then-new Vinschger Bahn station, it went on to Mazzini Square and Theatre Square, where there was a junction with the Lana-Merano railway. After crossing the Post Bridge the line inclined sharply, and after eight kilometres it terminated at the Fountain Square in the Obermais quarter. The Tram Depot was at the rear of the cemetery, and is used today by the city's bus company.
The profit of the company was not very high during the years the tram line operated. So after some time some of the cars were sold to the Bolzano Tramway company. In the 1950s, like many other railway lines in the region, the tram was substituted by a bus line.
Apart from the garage behind the cemetery, all traces of the line have been erased. In political campaigns by local politicians, there has been sometimes talk of reactivating the tram to reduce air pollution in the town, which today has a lot of traffic.

## Literature

* Josef Dultinger: Vergessene Vergangenheit. Verlag Dr. Rudolf Erhard, Rum 1982
* Josef Dultinger: Auf schmaler Spur durch Südtirol. Verlag Dr. Rudolf Erhard, Rum 1982
# Nergal-ushezib

Nergal-ushezib, originally Shuzub, was a Babylonian nobleman who was installed as King of Babylon by the Elamites in 694 BC, after their capture of Babylon and deposition and murder of the previous king Ashur-nadin-shumi, son of King Sennacherib of Assyria.
Nergal-ushezib reigned as King for little more than a year. Sennacherib soon made war on Babylon to recover the city and avenge his son's death. Nergal-ushezib was defeated and captured by the Assyrians in battle near Nippur in September 693 BC. Nergal-ushezib's subsequent fate is unknown. He was succeeded by the Chaldean prince Mushezib-Marduk, who continued the resistance against Assyria.
| Preceded byAshur-nadin-shumi | King of Babylon 694–693 BC | Succeeded byMushezib-Marduk |
# Geraldine Puertas

Geraldine Puertas (born 8 June 1988) is a Venezuelan softball player for the Charros de Jalisco of the Mexican Softball League. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield state

In theoretical physics, massive representations of an extended supersymmetry algebra called Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfeld (BPS) states (named after Evgeny Bogomolny, M.K. Prasad, and Charles M. Sommerfield) have mass equal to the supersymmetry central charge Z. Quantum mechanically, if the supersymmetry remains unbroken, exact equality to the modulus of Z exists. Their importance arises as the supermultiplets shorten for generic massive representations, with stability and mass formula exact.

## d = 4 N = 2

The generators for the odd part of the superalgebra have relations:
    ${\begin{aligned}\{Q_{\alpha }^{A},{\bar {Q}}_{{\dot {\beta }}B}\}&=2\sigma _{\alpha {\dot {\beta }}}^{m}P_{m}\delta _{B}^{A}\\\{Q_{\alpha }^{A},Q_{\beta }^{B}\}&=2\epsilon _{\alpha \beta }\epsilon ^{AB}{\bar {Z}}\\\{{\bar {Q}}_{{\dot {\alpha }}A},{\bar {Q}}_{{\dot {\beta }}B}\}&=-2\epsilon _{{\dot {\alpha }}{\dot {\beta }}}\epsilon _{AB}Z\\\end{aligned}}$
where: $\alpha {\dot {\beta }}$ are the Lorentz group indices, A and B are R-symmetry indices.
Take linear combinations of the above generators as follows:
    ${\begin{aligned}R_{\alpha }^{A}&=\xi ^{-1}Q_{\alpha }^{A}+\xi \sigma _{\alpha {\dot {\beta }}}^{0}{\bar {Q}}^{{\dot {\beta }}B}\\T_{\alpha }^{A}&=\xi ^{-1}Q_{\alpha }^{A}-\xi \sigma _{\alpha {\dot {\beta }}}^{0}{\bar {Q}}^{{\dot {\beta }}B}\\\end{aligned}}$
Consider a state ψ which has 4 momentum $(M,0,0,0)$. Applying the following operator to this state gives:
    ${\begin{aligned}(R_{1}^{1}+(R_{1}^{1})^{\dagger })^{2}\psi &=4(M+Re(Z\xi ^{2}))\psi \\\end{aligned}}$
But because this is the square of a Hermitian operator, the right hand side coefficient must be positive for all $\xi$.
In particular the strongest result from this is
    ${\begin{aligned}M\geq |Z|\\\end{aligned}}$

## Example applications

* Supersymmetric black hole entropies
* D-branes
# Marduk-zakir-shumi II

Marduk-zâkir-šumi II was a Babylonian nobleman who served briefly as King of Babylon for a few months in 703 BC, following a revolt against the rule of the Assyrian king Sennacherib. He was soon overthrown and replaced by the former Chaldean king, Marduk-apla-iddina II. He was the son of Arad-Ea (or Arad-Enlil).
# As-Salafi Mosque

The As-Salafi Mosque, also known as the Salafi Mosque and as the Wright Street Mosque, is a Salafi Sunni mosque, located in the Small Heath area of Birmingham, in the West Midlands region of England, in the United Kingdom. The mosque was founded in 2002 and is situated near the intersection of Muntz and Wright Streets and just behind Coventry Road.

## Overview

The mosque is contained within the same building and connected to the registered charity and Islamic materials publisher Salafi Publications and the "Salafi Bookstore".
According to the mosque director, Abu Khadeejah Abdul-Wahid, more than a thousand men, women, and children pray the Friday 'jum'ah' Prayers there, and the mosque also contains a primary school and an evening Qur'an memorization school. According to mosque flyers, there are usually Islamic-based lessons every day of the week as well as seasonal conferences which can attract approximately 3,000 attendees from the UK and throughout Europe.
Dawud Burbank (Abu Talhah) was a former senior lecturer at the mosque.
As of 2012, the As-Salafi Mosque was one of one-hundred and sixty-three mosques in Birmingham. It was also one of six mosques in the Small Heath Park area.
# 2024 Donetsk attack

vteRussian invasion of Ukraine :
Timeline
February – April 2022
April – August 2022
August – November 2022
November 2022 – June 2023
June – August 2023
September – November 2023
December 2023 – March 2024
April – July 2024
August – December 2024
January 2025 – present
Prelude
Casualties
Territorial control
map
List of engagements
War crimes
Attacks on civilians
Economic impact
Peace negotiations
Collaboration with Russia
Russian emigration
Nuclear risk
Humanitarian impacts
Russian annexation
Treatment of prisoners of war :
The shelling of Russian-controlled Donetsk was an attack that occurred on 21 January 2024, during Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Artillery shells hit a market in the Donetsk, killing at least 27 people. Russia accuses Ukraine of launching the strike; Ukraine denies the attack. According to media reports, the shelling was the bloodiest for Donetsk since 2014.

## The course of events

On the morning of January 21, the DPR authorities reported massive shelling of Donetsk. The head of the Russian administration of the city, Alexey Kulemzin, urged residents of Kirovskyi District, where the affected Mercury market is located, not to leave shelters at about 10:20 Moscow time.
Less than 15 minutes later, Kulemzin reported that there were casualties as a result of the shelling of Kirovskyi District. According to Radio Liberty, the Tekstilshchik microdistrict, where the Mercury city market is located, was affected.
According to the mayor of the Russian authorities, Alexei Kulemzin, 28 people were killed and 25 others were injured. The head of the DPR Denis Pushilin noted that the market was hit at a time when there were many people there. According to him, the strike was carried out by the Ukrainian side from barrel artillery from the Kurakhovsky and Krasnogorovsky directions.

## Reaction
### Russia

According to the head of the DPR Denis Pushilin, the blow was struck by the Ukrainian side from barrel artillery from the Kurakhovsky and Krasnogorovsky directions. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the strike as a terrorist attack directed against civilians. The ministry called the strike a "barbaric terrorist act against the civilian population of Russia".

### Ukraine

At first, the Ukrainian side did not comment on the incident in any way, and then representatives of the Ukrainian group of troops "Tavria" declared their non-involvement in this shelling.

### The UN

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said he "strongly condemns all attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, including today’s shelling of the city of Donetsk in Ukraine".
# 1942–43 Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup

The 1942–43 Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup was the 2nd edition of the Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup, an association football cup competition featuring teams from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
Teams from outside Dublin and Belfast competed, but played their home matches in either Dublin (if based in the Republic of Ireland) or Belfast (if based in Northern Ireland).
Shamrock Rovers won the title for the 1st time, defeating Bohemians 19–9 on corner kicks, after the two-legged final between the teams ended in a 2-2 aggregate draw.

## Results
### First round

Teams that were at home in the first leg listed on the left.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Belfast Celtic | 5–2 | Cork United | 5–1 | 0–1 |
| Bohemians$^1$ | 1–1$^2$ | Distillery | 1–0 | 0–1 |
| Cliftonville$^1$ | 3–4 | Dundalk | 2–1 | 1–3 |
| Shamrock Rovers | 7–4 | Linfield | 3–2 | 4–2 |
| Shelbourne | 3–0 | Glentoran | 1–0 | 2–0 |
| St James's Gate | 3–5 | Derry City | 3–1 | 0–4 |
$^1$Despite losing their ties, Bohemians and Cliftonville progressed to the quarter-finals as "best losers".
$^2$Distillery progressed by virtue of winning more corner kicks.

### Quarter-finals

Teams that were at home in the first leg listed on the left.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Bohemians | 7–3 | Derry City | 4–2 | 3–1 |
| Cliftonville | 2–4 | Shamrock Rovers | 1–1 | 1–3 |
| Distillery | 10–5 | Dundalk | 5–2 | 5–3 |
| Shelbourne | 2–7 | Belfast Celtic | 1–4 | 1–3 |

### Semi-finals

Teams that were at home in the first leg listed on the left.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Bohemians | 3–2 | Belfast Celtic | 2–2 | 1–0 |
| Distillery | 2–6 | Shamrock Rovers | 0–2 | 2–4 |

### Final

Shamrock Rovers win 19–9 on corner kicks after final finished 2–2 on aggregate.
# Nelly Longarms

Nelly Longarms (or Nellie Longarms) is a hag and water spirit in English folklore who dwells at the bottom of deep ponds, rivers and wells. Like the Grindylow, Peg Powler and Jenny Greenteeth she will reach out with her long sinewy arms and drag children beneath the water if they get too close. She is regarded as a bogeyman figure who is invoked by parents to frighten children into appropriate deportment.
The legend finds its origins around St Margaret's Garth, Durham, England. Residents have reported sightings and strange sounds, especially at night, since the early 18th Century. Nelly Longarms must typically be invited into a property for her to drag children into the water, and most sightings of the spirit are at the threshold of properties, often heard slamming or opening doors.
# 1991 Hessian state election

The 1991 Hessian state election was held on 20 January 1991 to elect the members of the 13th Landtag of Hesse. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Walter Wallmann.
The opposition Social Democratic Party (SPD) became the most popular party on a small swing, tying with the CDU in terms of seats. The incumbent government narrowly lost its majority, ceding two seats to the SPD. The Greens finished narrowly ahead of the FDP and subsequently formed a coalition government with the SPD. Hans Eichel became Minister-President at the start of April.

## Parties

The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag of Hesse.
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | 1987 result | 1987 result |
| Name | Name | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | Votes (%) | Seats |
| | CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands | Christian democracy | Walter Wallmann | 42.1% | 47 / 110 |
| | SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands | Social democracy | Hans Eichel | 40.2% | 44 / 110 |
| | Grüne | The Greens Die Grünen | Green politics | Iris Blaul Joschka Fischer | 9.4% | 10 / 110 |
| | FDP | Free Democratic Party Freie Demokratische Partei | Classical liberalism | Wolfgang Gerhardt | 7.8% | 9 / 110 |

## Election result

| Party | Party | Constituency | Constituency | Constituency | Party list | Party list | Party list | Party list | Total seats | +/- |
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | Total seats | +/- |
| | Social Democratic Party | 1,289,735 | 43.58 | 31 | 1,214,909 | 40.84 | +0.64 | 15 | 46 | +2 |
| | Christian Democratic Union | 1,246,046 | 42.10 | 24 | 1,195,965 | 40.20 | -1.91 | 22 | 46 | 1 |
| | The Greens | 212,795 | 7.19 | 0 | 262,161 | 8.81 | -0.59 | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| | Free Democratic Party | 185,413 | 6.27 | 0 | 220,115 | 7.40 | -0.42 | 8 | 8 | 1 |
| | The Republicans | 8,644 | 0.29 | 0 | 49,320 | 1.66 | New | 0 | 0 | New |
| | The Grays – Gray Panthers | 9,273 | 0.31 | 0 | 16,521 | 0.56 | New | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Ecological Democratic Party | 4,652 | 0.16 | 0 | 8,772 | 0.29 | +0.16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Party of Bible-abiding Christians | 137 | 0.00 | 0 | 7,109 | 0.24 | New | 0 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 2,959,469 | 100.00 | 55 | 2,974,872 | 100.00 | | 55 | 110 | 0 |
| Invalid | Invalid | 69,471 | 2.29 | | 54,068 | 1.79 | | | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | 3,028,940 | 70.80 | | 3,028,940 | 70.80 | -9.50 | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 4,278,151 | | | 4,278,151 | | | | | |

## Sources

* Landtagswahlen in Hessen 1946 — 2009 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
# Jérôme Ferrari

Jérôme Ferrari (born 1968 in Paris) is a French writer and translator. He won the 2012 Prix Goncourt for his novel Le Sermon sur la chute de Rome ("The Sermon on the Fall of Rome").
Ferrari has lived in Corsica and taught philosophy at the Lycée international Alexandre-Dumas in Algiers for several years, then at the Lycée Fesch of Ajaccio.
Currently, he is professor of philosophy at the French School of Abu Dhabi.
Several of his novels have been translated into English, including Where I Left My Soul (2012), which is "set in the mid-1950s during the Algerian war, looking backwards to the second world war and the French defeat in Indochina, and forwards to the collapse in 1958 of the Fourth Republic."
Most recently, his novel In His Own Image was published in English translation by Europa Editions.

## Works

* 2018 A son image (English translation: In His Own Image, 2022)
* 2015 Le Principe (English translation: The Principle, 2016)
* 2012 Le Sermon sur la chute de Rome (English translation: The Sermon on the Fall of Rome, 2014)
* 2010 Où j'ai laissé mon âme (English translation: Where I Left My Soul, 2012)
* 2009 Un dieu un animal
* 2008 Balco Atlantico (English translation: Balco Atlantico, 2019)
* 2007 Dans le secret
* 2002 Aleph zéro

## Awards and honors

* 2012 Prix Goncourt, Le Sermon sur la chute de Rome
* 2010 Grand Prix Poncetton, Où j'ai laissé mon âme
* 2010 Prix Roman France Télévisions, Où j'ai laissé mon âme
* 2009 Prix Landerneau, Un dieu un animal
# Woybela Mariam Church incident

On 20 January 2022, a group of Oromia police officers fired at Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo followers while the congregants transporting a tabot to Woybela Mariam Church during the feast day of Saint Michael in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, killing three people from direct gunshots, and injuring ten other people.

## Event

Following an altercation with congregants bearing Ethiopian flags and wearing the flag's colors, Oromia police opened fire on congregants of the Orthodox Tewahedo Church while they were transporting a tabot to Woybela Mariam Church during the feast day of Saint Michael. They threw tear gas at the children's choir to stop the ritual progression. Three people were killed by the police's gunfire while ten people were injured.

## Response

The event stirred up criticism directed at Abiy Ahmed's government, which was blamed for not quickly responding to the action. Abune Melke Tsadek, Archbishop of Addis Ababa, decided to temporarily keep the tabot at Keraneyo Medhanealem Church in response to the violence. In the aftermath, the Ethiopian Orthodox followers began mobilizing to resume the procession.
# Žilov

Žilov is a municipality and village in Plzeň-North District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Žilov lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Plzeň and 84 km (52 mi) west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Žilov consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Žilov (262)
* Stýskaly (208)
# William Lendrim

William James Lendrim VC (1 January 1830 – 28 November 1891) was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

He was 25 years old, and a corporal in the Royal Sappers and Miners, British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 14 February 1855 during the Siege of Sevastopol, Crimea, Corporal Lendrim superintended 150 French Chasseurs in building No. 9 Battery left attack and replacing the whole of the capsized gabions under a heavy fire. On 11 April he got on top of a magazine under fire, and extinguished burning sandbags, making good the breach. On 20 April he was one of four volunteers who destroyed the screen which the Russians had erected to conceal their advance rifle-pits.

## Further information

He later achieved the rank of Sergeant-Major, and worked at the Staff College, Frimley. He married Louisa and had 12 children – all alive in 1881. William died Camberley, Surrey, 28 November 1891 and is buried at the Royal Military Academy Cemetery, plot 182.

## The medal

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum (Chatham, England).

## Masonic interests

He was initiated in Lodge of the Thirty-seventh Company of Royal Engineers, No. 963 on 8 July 1863 and passed on 12 August the same year. As the Lodge warrant was withdrawn on 22 February 1864, he was raised in United Chatham Lodge of Benevolence, No. 184, Chatham on 12 April 1864, resigning in November the same year. He was the first Junior Warden of the Albert Edward Lodge No. 1714 chartered by the United Grand Lodge of England in the province of Surrey in 1877, and its third Worshipful Master in 1879. He was appointed to Provincial Grand Steward in the province of Surrey in 1878, and Provincial Grand Pursuivant of Surrey in 1881