# Moto Hagio

Moto Hagio (萩尾 望都, Hagio Moto, born May 12, 1949) is a Japanese manga artist. Regarded for her contributions to shōjo manga (manga aimed at young and adolescent women), Hagio is considered the most significant artist in the demographic and among the most influential manga artists of all time, being referred to as the "god of shōjo manga" (少女漫画の神様, shōjo manga no kami-sama) by critics.
Hagio made her debut as a manga artist in 1969 at the publishing company Kodansha before moving to Shogakukan in 1971, where she was able to publish her more radical and unconventional works that had been rejected by other publishers. Her first serializations at Shogakukan – the vampire fantasy The Poe Clan, the shōnen-ai (male–male romance) drama The Heart of Thomas, and the science fiction thriller They Were Eleven – were among the first works of shōjo manga to achieve mainstream critical and commercial success. Hagio subsequently emerged as a central figure in the Year 24 Group, a grouping of female manga artists who significantly influenced shōjo manga in the 1970s by introducing new aesthetic styles and expanding the category to incorporate new genres. Since the 1980s, Hagio has drawn primarily adult-oriented manga in the manga magazine Petit Flower and its successor publication Flowers, notably Marginal, A Cruel God Reigns, and Nanohana.
While Hagio primarily authors works in the science fiction, fantasy, and shōnen-ai genres, her manga explores a wide range of themes and subjects, including comedy, historical drama, and social and environmental issues. She has been recognized with numerous awards both in Japan and internationally, including the Order of the Rising Sun, a Medal of Honor, and commendation as a Person of Cultural Merit.

## Biography
### Early life and career

Moto Hagio was born on May 12, 1949, in Ōmuta, Fukuoka. The second of four siblings, Hagio's father worked as dockworker, while her mother was a homemaker. Because of her father's job, the Hagio family moved frequently between Omuta and Suita in Osaka Prefecture. Hagio began to draw at an early age in her spare time, and attended private art lessons with her older sister. In her third year of elementary school, she began reading manga that she acquired at kashi-hon (book rental stores) and her school library. Her parents discouraged her interest in illustration and manga, which Hagio states they viewed as "something for children not old enough to read" and "an impediment to studying"; this would be a major contributing factor to what would become a lifelong strained relationship with her parents.
During her childhood, Hagio read and became influenced by the works of manga artists Osamu Tezuka, Shōtarō Ishinomori, Hideko Mizuno, and Masako Watanabe, as well as literary fiction by Japanese authors such as Kenji Miyazawa and western science fiction and fantasy authors such as Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke, and Robert A. Heinlein. She began to seriously consider a professional career in manga after reading Tezuka's manga series Shinsengumi in 1965, and in 1967 began submitting manga manuscripts to various publishers, including Kodansha, Shueisha, and Tezuka's own manga magazine COM.
In her senior year of high school Hagio met manga artist Makiko Hirata [ja], who also lived in Ōmuta and was pursuing a professional career at Kodansha while still in high school. After graduating, Hirata moved to Tokyo and offered to introduce Hagio to her editor, which Hagio accepted. Hagio made her professional debut as a manga artist in Kodansha's Nakayoshi manga magazine, with the short stories Lulu to Mimi in August 1969 and Suteki na Mahō in September 1969. Hagio began working for Nakayoshi under a new editor, but struggled under the editorial constraints of the magazine: Nakayoshi published primarily sports manga for children, while Hagio preferred to write science fiction and fantasy stories focused on mature themes and subject material. Her next four manuscripts submitted to Nakayoshi were consequently rejected, with her editors instructing her to write stories that were "more interesting and cheerful". In 1970, Hagio published the one-shot (single-chapter) manga stories Cool Cat and Bakuhatsu Gaisha in Nakayoshi.

### Breakthrough and the Year 24 Group

Shortly after her debut, Hagio began pen pal correspondence with Norie Masuyama [ja], a fan of Hagio's who discovered her work through Nakayoshi. Masuyama gifted Hagio a copy of the novel Demian by Hermann Hesse, an author whose novels came to greatly affect Hagio and significantly influenced her manga. Contemporaneously, Hagio's editor assigned her to assist manga artist Keiko Takemiya, whose work had been published in Nakayoshi, COM, and Margaret. The two artists became friends, and Takemiya suggested that they move to an apartment in Tokyo together; Hagio, who was still living with her parents in Ōmuta and unsure of her future as a manga artist, initially refused her invitation. Shortly thereafter, Takemiya introduced Hagio to Junya Yamamoto [ja], an editor at Shogakukan and editor-in-chief of the manga magazine Bessatsu Shōjo Comic. Yamamoto agreed to publish Hagio's previously rejected manuscripts, and Hagio accepted Takemiya's offer to move to Tokyo.
In 1971, Hagio and Takemiya moved to a rented house in Ōizumigakuenchō, Nerima, Tokyo located near the home of Norie Masuyama. Together, the three women decided to create a living space modeled off of 19th French literary salons, nicknamed the "Ōizumi Salon". The Ōizumi Salon aimed to improve the quality and reputation of shōjo manga, a demographic which at the time was dismissed by critics as publishing frivolous stories for young children. Numerous shōjo artists visited the Ōizumi Salon, including Shio Satō, Yasuko Sakata, Yukiko Kai, Akiko Hatsu, Nanae Sasaya, Mineko Yamada [ja], Aiko Ito [ja], Michi Tarasawa [ja], and Misako Nachi [ja]. This grouping of artists would come to be referred to as the Year 24 Group. The Year 24 Group contributed significantly to the development of shōjo manga by introducing new aesthetic styles and expanding the demographic to incorporate elements of science fiction, historical fiction, adventure fiction, and same-sex romance: both male–male (shōnen-ai and yaoi) and female–female (yuri). During this period, Hagio published the shōnen-ai one-shot The November Gymnasium in 1971, followed by the vampire fantasy The Poe Clan in 1972, with the latter series becoming Hagio's first major critical and commercial success. The Poe Clan was also the first series that Shogakukan published as a tankōbon (collected edition); the first tankōbon edition of The Poe Clan sold out its initial print run of 30,000 copies in three days, an unprecedented sales volume at the time for a shōjo manga series that had not been adapted into an anime.
Following a 1973 trip to Europe by Hagio, Masuyama, and Yamagishi, Takemiya announced that the Ōizumi Salon would cease, as she preferred to continue her career alone. Decades later, both Hagio and Takemiya would disclose that the pair had a falling out in 1973 that remains unreconciled; Takemiya has written in her memoirs about feelings of jealously and an inferiority complex towards Hagio, while Hagio has written that their relationship was strained by accusations from critics that she plagiarized her shōnen-ai works from Takemiya. Nonetheless, the innovation introduced to shōjo manga by the Year 24 Group significantly contributed to the development of the demographic, bringing it to what critics have described as its "golden age".

### Career as a manga artist

In the wake of the critical and commercial success of The Rose of Versailles by Year 24 Group member Riyoko Ikeda, Hagio's editor Junya Yamamoto [ja] asked her to create a series of similar length and complexity for publication in the manga magazine Shūkan Shōjo Comic. The resulting series was The Heart of Thomas, a long-form serialized version of Hagio's earlier The November Gymnasium, which began serialization in the magazine in 1974. Though initially poorly received by readers, by the end of its serialization The Heart of Thomas was among the most popular series in Shūkan Shōjo Comic. The critical and commercial success of both The Poe Clan and The Heart of Thomas freed Hagio from most editorial constraints and allowed her to publish her previously rejected works of science fiction, a genre which at the time was perceived as inappropriate for female audiences and thus was effectively non-existent in shōjo manga.
They Were Eleven, Hagio's first published science fiction manga series, began serialization in Bessatsu Shōjo Comic in 1975. Hagio began to establish herself as a science fiction writer and moved away from the constraints of shōjo magazines, publishing a manga adaptation of science fiction writer Ryu Mitsuse's novel Hyakuoku no Hiru to Sen'oku no Yoru in the shōnen manga (boys' manga) magazine Weekly Shōnen Champion in 1977. This was followed by several manga adaptations of the works of Ray Bradbury published as the one-shot anthology U wa Uchuusen no U beginning in 1977, Gin no Sankaku in 1980, and various one-shots in the science-fiction focused S-F Magazine. Hagio did create science fiction works for shōjo magazines during this period, notably Star Red for Shūkan Shōjo Comic from 1978 to 1979.
In 1980 Yamamoto became the founding editor of Petit Flower, a new magazine at Shogakukan that published manga aimed at an adult female audience. Hagio moved to the magazine, where she was given full editorial control over the manga she produced. In the subsequent decades Hagio would publish many works in Petit Flower and its successor publication Flowers that are distinguished by their mature themes and subject material. Notable works include the crime thriller Mesh in 1980, the post-apocalyptic science fiction series Marginal from 1985 to 1987, the semi-autobiographical Iguana Girl in 1992, and A Cruel God Reigns from 1993 to 2001. Hagio's works during this period were generally not influenced by developments in contemporary shōjo manga, such as the erotic manga of artists like Kyoko Okazaki and the josei manga or artists like Erica Sakurazawa.
Hagio began teaching manga studies as a visiting professor at the Joshibi University of Art and Design in 2011. That same year, the Fukushima nuclear disaster occurred; with the publication of her manga series Nanohana, Hagio became one of the first manga artists following Kotobuki Shiriagari to address the disaster directly in her work; Hagio's prominence as an artist is credited with influencing other manga artists to address the disaster in their works. To mark the fifteenth anniversary of Flowers in 2016, Hagio launched a revival of The Poe Clan in the magazine, publishing new chapters nearly forty years after the conclusion of the original series.

## Style and influences

When asked about her visual influences, Hagio responded that she was influenced by Shotaro Ishinomori's page layouts, Hideko Mizuno's clothing, and Masako Yashiro's eyes.
In the early 1970s, Hagio and her fellow Year 24 Group members contributed significantly to the establishment of shōjo manga as a distinct category of manga, iterating on contributions made to the category in the 1950s and 1960s by artists such as Macoto Takahashi to establish a "visual grammar of shōjo manga". Chief among these developments was the use of interior monologue, which was written outside of speech balloons and scattered across the page. These monologues allow the exploration of the characters' interiority and emotions, and serve to compensate for the absence of third-person narration in manga.
In Hagio's manga specifically, interior monologues are often accompanied by symbolic motifs that extend beyond panel borders and overlap in a manner resembling a montage or a collage, creating a three-dimensional effect. These motifs are often composed of decorative elements (flowers, clouds, screentones, etc.) but are also often lines, sparkles, and onomatopoeia which serve to reinforce the "exploration of the interiority" of the characters. Hagio also makes use of full-body portraits of main characters, a technique originated Macoto Takahashi, as well as superimposed close-ups of these characters, to mark the character as important in the narrative. Hagio also uses mise-en-scène and lighting marked a strong contrast of shadow and light, giving a theatrical effect to her works.
When Hagio began to create manga for an adult audience beginning with Mesh in 1980, she adopted a more realist style. In particular, she changed the body shape of her characters, who until then exhibited the typical shōjo style of heads that were proportionally larger than the rest of their bodies. She also gradually altered her page layouts, especially during the 2000s, to make her style more accessible to a new readership.

## Themes and motifs

Hagio primarily authors works in the science fiction, fantasy, and boys' love genres, though her works explore a wide variety of themes and subjects. This is especially true of her short stories, which have depicted a variety of topics and genres including comedy, historical drama, and social and environmental issues. Though her works are primarily aimed at a female audience, she does also attract a male readership.

### Dysfunctional families

Hagio has long had a difficult relationship with her parents, who disapproved of her career as a manga artist even after she achieved mainstream critical and commercial success; it was not until 2010, when Hagio was 61 years old, that her mother accepted her profession. This strained relationship, combined with Hagio's own interest in family psychology, has had a significant impact on her manga. Families and familial drama recur as common motifs in Hagio's manga, especially twins, which are inspired by Hagio's childhood fantasy of having a twin sister so that her mother would pay more attention to her, and mothers, who are typically portrayed as incapable of loving their children and frequently die.
Initially, Hagio approached manga as an opportunity to depict "something beautiful", rather than an "ugly" reality. Consequently, she avoided contemporary Japanese settings for her early works, instead preferring European or otherworldly sci-fi settings. These early works nevertheless address dysfunctional family relationships, such as her one-shot Bianca (1970), a "gothic revenge plot" by a child against their parents and older authority figures. Her 1992 one-shot Iguana Girl became a turning point in both her life and career. In this semi-autobiographical story, a mother perceives her daughter as an iguana and rejects her; the daughter internalizes this rejection, and is in turn convinced that she is an iguana. Hagio has described the process of writing the story as a means of making peace with her family, and following its publication, she became more comfortable writing works set in contemporary Japan. Familial drama nevertheless remains a common theme in her works, as expressed in stories that address topics of child abandonment, incestual rape, and abortion.

### Bishōnen and shōnen-ai

Hagio's works typically feature male rather than female protagonists, especially bishōnen (lit. "beautiful boys", a term for handsome and androgynous young men). She has described a "sense of liberation" that comes from writing male characters, as they allow her to express thoughts and concepts freely, in contrast to female protagonists who face the restrictions of a patriarchal society. Hagio first introduced bishōnen protagonists to her works with The November Gymnasium in 1971. The series is set in an all-boys boarding school, though an early draft of the story had a girls boarding school as its setting in order to conform to the conventions of the shōjo manga of the time, resulting in a story of the Class S genre. Dissatisfied with the draft, Hagio changed the protagonists to bishōnen; this aligned the story with the then-nascent genre of shōnen-ai, the precursor to modern boys' love (male–male romance manga).
The bishōnen of Hagio's works are both non-sexual and androgynous: socially masculine, physically androgynous, and psychologically feminine. The meaning of gender ambiguity has been variously considered by critics: from a queer perspective by manga scholar James Welker as an expression of sublimated lesbian identity, and from a feminist perspective by sociologist Chizuko Ueno it as an attempt to break out of the patriarchal dichotomy by creating a "third sex".

### Feminist science fiction

Hagio's science fiction works depict themes and subjects typical of the genre, such as human cloning and time travel, but also take advantage of the genre's ability to depict worlds in which gender-based differences and power imbalances differ from that of the real word. Hagio's science fiction manga frequently explores topics relating to the place women in society, motherhood, and gender fluidity, taking particular inspiration from the works of Ursula K. Le Guin.
Notable examples include They Were Eleven, which depicts characters who belong to a race where individuals are asexual at birth and whose sex is determined at adulthood; Star Red, which depicts a protagonist who is birthed by a male character, and Marginal, which is set in a society that has become majority male through the use of sexual biological engineering. This feminist science fiction, where characters that blur distinctions of sex and gender, challenges notions of dualism and sexual dimorphism and has been argued by sociologist Chizuko Ueno as representing an evolution of the feminist use of the boys' love genre to explore these themes. It has also inspired the works of other shōjo science fiction manga artists, such as Reiko Shimizu and Saki Hiwatari.

## Works
### Manga

The following is a list of Hagio's serialized and one-shot manga works. Serializations refer to multi-chapter works that are typically later published as collected editions (tankōbon), while one-shots refer to single-chapter works that are sometimes later collected in anthologies. Titles for works that have not received an official English-language translation or do not have an English title are listed using Hepburn romanization. All dates and publishers are sourced from The 50th Anniversary of The Poe Clan and the World of Moto Hagio unless otherwise noted.

#### Serials

| Start | End | English/Hepburn title | Original title | Publisher |
| 1971 | 1974 | Seirei Kari [ja] | 精霊狩り ('Spirit Hunting') | Shogakukan |
| 1972 | present | The Poe Clan | ポーの一族 | Shogakukan |
| 1972 | 1976 | Totemo Shiawase Moto-chan | とってもしあわせモトちゃん ('Very Happy Moto-chan') | Shogakukan |
| 1974 | 1974 | The Heart of Thomas | トーマの心臓 | Shogakukan |
| 1975 | 1975 | Kono ko Urimasu! [ja] | この娘うります！ ('I'll Sell You This Girl!') | Shogakukan |
| 1975 | 1975 | Aroisu | アロイス ('Alois') | Hakusensha |
| 1975 | 1975 | They Were Eleven | 11人いる！ | Shogakukan |
| 1975 | 1976 | Akagge no Itoko | 赤ッ毛のいとこ ('Red Haired Cousin') | Shueisha |
| 1976 | 1976 | American Pie [ja] | アメリカン・パイ | Akita Shoten |
| 1976 | 1976 | Europe Migihidari | ヨーロッパみぎひだり ('Europe Right and Left') | Akita Shoten |
| 1977 | 1977 | Shoujo Roman | 少女ろまん (Shōjo Roman) | Akita Shoten |
| 1977 | 1978 | Bradbury Kessaku-sen Gensaku | Bradbury傑作選 原作 ('Bradbury Masterpiece Original Selection') | Shueisha |
| 1977 | 1978 | Ten Billion Days and One Hundred Billion Nights [ja] | 百億の昼と千億の夜 | Shogakukan |
| 1978 | 1979 | Star Red | スター・レッド | Shogakukan |
| 1979 | 1979 | Les Enfants Terribles | 恐るべき子どもたち | Shogakukan |
| 1980 | 1983 | Mesh [ja] | メッシュ | Shogakukan |
| 1980 | 1982 | Gin no Sankaku | 銀の三角 ('Silver Triangle') | Hayakawa |
| 1981 | 1984 | A, A Prime | A-A' | Akita Shoten, Shogakukan |
| 1982 | 1982 | Mozaiku Rasen [ja] | モザイク・ラセン ('Mosaic Rasen') | Akita Shoten |
| 1985 | 1985 | Bara no Kabin | ばらの花びん ('Vase of Roses') | Shogakukan |
| 1985 | 1987 | Marginal | マージナル | Shogakukan |
| 1988 | 1988 | Kanzen Hanzai Fearī | 完全犯罪 フェアリー ('Perfect Crime Fairy') | Shogakukan |
| 1988 | 1989 | Furawā Fesutibaru | フラワーフェスティバル ('Flower Festival') | Shogakukan |
| 1988 | 1991 | Umi no Aria | 海のアリア ('Aria of the Sea') | Kadokawa Shoten |
| 1980 | 1990 | Rōma e no Michi | ローマへの道 ('Road to Rome') | Shogakukan |
| 1991 | 1992 | Kanshashira Zunootoko | 感謝知らずの男 ('Thankless Man') | Shogakukan |
| 1992 | 2001 | A Cruel God Reigns | 残酷な神が支配する | Shogakukan |
| 1992 | 1994 | Abunai Oka no Ie | あぶない丘の家 ('The House on the Dangerous Hill') | Kadokawa Shoten |
| 2002 | 2005 | Otherworld Barbara | バルバラ異界 | Shogakukan |
| 2006 | 2007 | Abunazaka Hotel | あぶな坂HOTEL | Shueisha |
| 2006 | 2012 | Anywhere but Here [ja] | ここではない★どこか | Shogakukan |
| 2008 | 2012 | Lil' Leo | レオくん | Shogakukan |
| 2009 | 2010 | Hishikawa-san to Neko | 菱川さんと猫 ('Mr. Hishikawa and His Cat') | Kodansha |
| 2011 | 2012 | Nanohana | なのはな | Shogakukan |
| 2013 | 2020 | Queen Margot [ja] | 王妃マルゴ | Shueisha |
| 2013 | 2015 | Away | アウェイ | Shogakukan |

#### One-shots

| Year | English/Hepburn title | Japanese title | Published in |
| 1969 | Lulu to Mimi | ルルとミミ ('Lulu and Mimi') | Nakayoshi |
| 1969 | Suteki na Mahō | すてきな魔法 ('Wonderful Magic') | Nakayoshi |
| 1970 | Kūru Kyatto | クールキャット ('Cool Cat') | Nakayoshi |
| 1970 | Bakuhatsu Gaisha | 爆発会社 ('Dummy Company') | Nakayoshi |
| 1970 | Bianca | ビアンカ (Bianka) | Shōjo Friend |
| 1970 | Kēki Kēki Kēki | ケーキケーキケーキ ('Cake Cake Cake') | Nakayoshi |
| 1971 | Girl on Porch with Puppy | ポーチで少女が小犬と (Pōchi de Shōjo ga Koinu to) | COM |
| 1971 | Belle to Mike no Ohanashi | ベルとマイクのお話し ('The Story of Belle and Mike') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Yuki no Ko | 雪の子 ('Snow Child') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Tō no Aru Ie | 塔のある家 ('House with a Tower') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Jenifer no Koi no Oaite Wa | ジェニファの恋のお相手は ('Who Is Jennifer's Boyfriend?') | Nakayoshi |
| 1971 | Hanayome o Hirotta Otoko | 花嫁をひろった男 ('The Man Who Fetched the Bride') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Katappo no Furu Gutsu | かたっぽのふるぐつ ('Worn Out Shoes') | Nakayoshi |
| 1971 | Kawaisō na Mama | かわいそうなママ ('Poor Mama') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Seirei-gari | 精霊狩り ('Spirit Hunting') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Mōdorin | モードリン ('Maudlin') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Sayo no nū Yukata | 小夜の縫うゆかた ('Yukata Sewn by Sayo') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Kenneth Ojisan to Futago | ケネスおじさんとふたご ('Uncle Kenneth and the Twins') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Mō Hitotsu no Koi | もうひとつの恋 ('Another Love') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Jū-gatsu no Shōjo-tachi | 10月の少女たち ('Girls in October') | COM |
| 1971 | Autumn Journey | 秋の旅 (Aki no Tabi) | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | The November Gymnasium | 11月のギムナジウム (Jūichigatsu no Gimunajiumu) | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Shiroki Mori Shiroi Shōnen no Fue | 白き森白い少年の笛 ('White Forest White Boy Flute') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Shiroi Tori ni Natta Shōjo | 白い鳥になった少女 ('The Girl Who Became a White Bird') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1971 | Sara-hill no Seiya | セーラ・ヒルの聖夜 ('Sacred Night on Sailor Hill') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Asobi-dama | あそび玉 ('Toy Ball') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Keito-dama ni Jarenaide | 毛糸玉にじゃれないで ('Don't Play with the Ball of Yarn') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Mitsukuni no Musume | みつくにの娘 ('Mitsukuni's Daughter') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Gomen Asobase! | ごめんあそばせ! ('I'm Sorry!') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | San-gatsu Usagi ga Shūdan De | 3月ウサギが集団で ('March Hares in a Group') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Yōsei no Komori | 妖精の子もり ('Fairy Slipper') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Roku-gatsu no Koe | 6月の声り ('Voice of June') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Mamarēdo-chan | ママレードちゃん ('Marmalade-chan') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1972 | Mia | ミーア | Shōjo Comic |
| 1973 | Senbon-me no Pin | 千本めのピン ('The Thousandth Pin') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1973 | Kyabetsu-batake no Isan Sōzokunin | キャベツ畑の遺産相続人 ('Heir to the Cabbage Field') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1973 | Ō mai Keseira Sera | オーマイ　ケセィラ　セラ ('Oh My, Que Sera, Sera') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1974 | Hawādo-san no Shinbun Kōkoku | ハワードさんの新聞広告 ('Howard's Newspaper Advertisement') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1974 | Unicorn no Yume | ユニコーンの夢 ('Unicorn's Dream') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1974 | Manga ABC | まんがABC | Shōjo Comic |
| 1974 | Pushikyatto Pushikyatto | プシキャット・プシキャット ('Pussycat Pussycat') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1975 | Onshitsu | 温室 ('Greenhouse') | Seventeen |
| 1975 | Supēsu Sutorīto | スペース ストリート ('Space Street') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1975 | Violita | ヴィオリータ | Jotomo |
| 1976 | Hana to Hikari no Naka | 花と光の中 ('In Flowers and Light') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1976 | By the Lake | 湖畔にて | Strawberry Fields |
| 1977 | Onshitsu | 影のない森 ('Shadowless Forest') | Big Comic Original |
| 1977 | Marié, Ten Years Later | 十年目の毬絵 | Big Comic Original |
| 1977 | Marine | マリーン | Seventeen |
| 1978 | Gōruden Rairakku | ゴールデン ライラック ('Golden Lilac') | Shōjo Comic |
| 1978 | Hidarikiki no Izan | 左ききのイザン ('Left-Handed Izan') | SF Fantasia |
| 1979 | Hanabana ni Sumu Kodomo | 花々に住む子供 ('Children Living in Flowers') | Princess |
| 1979 | Chrysalis | さなぎ | Seven Comic |
| 1980 | Gesshoku | 月蝕 ('Lunar Eclipse') | Vampirella |
| 1980 | Rāginī | ラーギニー | S-F Magazine |
| 1980 | The Visitor | 訪問者 | Petit Flower |
| 1980 | A Drunken Dream | 酔夢 | Kingin Sagan |
| 1980 | Kin'yō no Yoru no Shūkai | 金曜の夜の集会 ('Friday Night Gathering') | S-F Magazine |
| 1983 | Shiro | 城 ('Castle') | Petit Flower |
| 1983 | 4/4 (Quatre-Quarts) | 4/4カトルカース | Petit Flower |
| 1984 | Hanshin: Half-God | 半神 | Petit Flower |
| 1984 | Egg Stand | エッグ・スタンド | Petit Flower |
| 1984 | Nise ō | 偽王 ('False King') | Petit Flower |
| 1984 | Herbal Beauty | ハーバル・ビューティ | Bouquet |
| 1984 | Tenshi no Gitai | 天使の擬態 ('Angel Mimic') | Petit Flower |
| 1984 | Fune | 船 | Petit Flower |
| 1985 | Slow Down | スロー・ダウン | Petit Flower |
| 1985 | Bara no Kabin | ばらの花びん ('Ship') | Petit Flower |
| 1985 | Yūjin K | 友人K | Grapefruit |
| 1985 | Kimi wa Utsukushii Hitomi | きみは美しい瞳 ('You Have Beautiful Eyes') | Asuka |
| 1989 | Kaizoku to Himegimi | 海賊と姫君 ('Pirates and Princesses') | Petit Flower |
| 1989 | Aoi Tori | 青い鳥 ('Bluebird') | Petit Flower |
| 1990 | Manatsu no yo no Wakusei (Planet) | 真夏のの惑星（プラネット ('Planet of Midsummer') | Petit Flower |
| 1991 | Rotbarth | ロットバルト | Petit Flower |
| 1991 | Juliette no Koibito | ジュリエットの恋人 ('Juliette's Lover') | Petit Flower |
| 1991 | Catharsis | カタルシス | Petit Flower |
| 1992 | Iguana Girl | イグアナの娘 | Petit Flower |
| 1994 | Gogo no Hizashi | 午後の日射し ('Afternoon Sunshine') | Big Gold |
| 1994 | Gakkō e Iku Kusuri | 学校へ行くクスリ | Big Gold |
| 1998 | The Child Who Comes Home | 帰ってくる子 | Child Igyō Collection 7 |
| 2006 | Nagagutsu o Haita Shima Neko | 長靴をはいたシマ猫 ('Puss in Boots') | Neko Moto |
| 2007 | Birthday Cake | バースディ・ケーキ | SF Japan |
| 2007 | The Willow Tree | の木 | Flowers |
| 2008 | Nekomoto Clinic | 猫本クリニック | Neko Moto 2 |
| 2016 | Through Yura's Gate | 由良の門を | Monthly Afternoon |
| 2018 | Basutei Nite | バス停にて ('At the Bus Stop') | Morning |
| 2020 | Galileo no Uchū | ガリレオの宇宙 ('Galileo's Universe') | App Store |
| 2021 | Kirin Kari | 麒麟狩り ('Kirin Hunting') | Daijiro Morohoshi 50th Anniversary Tribute |

#### English-translated works

* Four Shōjo Stories (1996, Viz Media, ISBN 1-56931-055-6)
** Multi-author anthology containing They Were Eleven.
* A, A Prime (1997, Viz Media, ISBN 978-1569312384)
** Collects A, A', 4/4, and X+Y.
* A Drunken Dream and Other Stories (2010, Fantagraphics Books, ISBN 978-1-60699-377-4)
** Collects Bianca; Girl on Porch with Puppy; Autumn Journey; Marié, Ten Years Later; A Drunken Dream; Hanshin: Half-God; Angel Mimic; Iguana Girl; The Child Who Comes Home; and The Willow Tree.
* The Heart of Thomas (2013, Fantagraphics Books, ISBN 978-1606995518)
* Otherworld Barbara (Fantagraphics Books), published as:
** Otherworld Barbara Volume 1 (2016, ISBN 978-1606999431)
** Otherworld Barbara Volume 2 (2017, ISBN 978-1683960232)
* Neo Parasyte m (2017, Kodansha Comics, ISBN 978-1632366047)
** Multi-author anthology containing Through Yura's Gate.
* The Poe Clan (Fantagraphics Books), published as:
** The Poe Clan Volume 1 (2019, ISBN 978-1683962083)
** The Poe Clan Volume 2 (2022, ISBN 978-1683965725)
* Lil' Leo (2021, Denpa, ISBN 978-1634429788)
* They Were Eleven (2024, Denpa, ISBN 978-1634428156)

### Essays & memoirs

* Omoide o Kirinuku Toki (思い出を切りぬくとき, "When You Cut Through the Memories"). 1998, Anzudo, ISBN 978-4872822311
* Yumemiru Bīzu Monogatari (夢見るビーズ物語, "Dreaming Beads Story"). 2009, Poplar Publishing [ja], ISBN 978-4591114650
* Isshun To Eien To (一瞬と永遠と, "For a Moment and Eternity"). 2011, Gengi Shobo [ja], ISBN 978-4901998758
* Watashi no Shōjo Manga Kōgi (私の少女マンガ講義, "My Lecture on Shōjo Manga"). 2018, Shinchosha, ISBN 978-4103996026
* Ichido Kiri no Ōizumi no Hanashi (一度きりの大泉の話, "A One-Time Story About Ōizumi"). 2021, Kawade Shobō Shinsha, ISBN 978-4309029627

### Other

* Toki no Tabibito: Time Stranger, character designer (1986, animated film)
* Illusion of Gaia, character designer (1993, video game)

## Reception
### Influence

Hagio is regarded by critics as the most influential shōjo manga artist of all time and among the most influential manga artists in the entirety of the medium, and is referred to as the "god of shōjo manga" (少女漫画の神様, shōjo manga no kami-sama) by the Japanese press and critics, as styled off of Osamu Tezuka's sobriquet "the god of manga". She, along with the other artists associated with the Year 24 Group, is credited with "revolutionizing" shōjo manga and bringing it into its "golden age", making shōjo manga central to manga production in the 1980s and attracting a male readership to the category for the first time. Hagio and Keiko Takemiya originated the shōnen-ai genre, which was developed throughout the 1980s and 1990s to become yaoi, a major genre of manga. She is further credited with establishing science fiction as a subgenre of shōjo manga, though Hagio's impact on science fiction extends beyond manga to literature through her illustrations of science fiction and fantasy novels, with science fiction novelists such as Azusa Noa and Baku Yumemakura citing Hagio as among their influences.

### Awards and nominations

| Award | Year | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| Asahi Prize | 2016 | Asahi Prize | — | Won |
| Angoulême International Comics Festival Awards | 2023 | Fauve d'honneur | — | Won |
| Eisner Award | 2011 | Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Asia | A Drunken Dream and Other Stories | Nominated |
| Eisner Award | 2014 | Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Asia | The Heart of Thomas | Nominated |
| Eisner Award | 2018 | Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Asia | Otherworld Barbara | Nominated |
| Eisner Award | 2020 | Best U.S. Edition of International Material—Asia | The Poe Clan | Nominated |
| Eisner Award | 2022 | Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame | — | Won |
| Harvey Awards | 2020 | Best Manga | The Poe Clan | Nominated |
| Inkpot Award | 2010 | Inkpot Award | — | Won |
| Iwate Manga Awards | 2018 | Special Award | Nanohana | Won |
| Japan Cartoonists Association Award | 2011 | Minister of Education, Science and Technology Award | — | Won |
| Medal of Honor | 2012 | Purple Ribbon | — | Won |
| Nihon SF Taisho Award | 2006 | Grand Prize | Otherworld Barbara | Won |
| Order of the Rising Sun | 2022 | 3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon | — | Won |
| Person of Cultural Merit | 2019 | Person of Cultural Merit | — | Won |
| Seiun Award | 1980 | Best Comic | Star Red | Won |
| Seiun Award | 1983 | Best Comic | Gin no Sankaku | Won |
| Seiun Award | 1985 | Best Comic | X + Y | Won |
| Sense of Gender Award | 2012 | Lifetime Achievement Award | Nanohana | Won |
| Shogakukan Manga Award | 1975 | Shōnen (Boys' Manga) | They Were Eleven and The Poe Clan | Won |
| Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize | 1997 | Award for Excellence | A Cruel God Reigns | Won |