# Australia women's national rugby union team

The Australia women's national rugby union team, also known as the Wallaroos, has competed at all Women's Rugby World Cups since 1998, with their best result finishing in third place in 2010.
Australian women have been playing rugby since the late 1930s, in regional areas of New South Wales. In 1992 the first National Women's Tournament was held in Newcastle, NSW. The following year the Australian Women's Rugby Union was established, and it was declared that the national women's team would be called the Wallaroos. It was chosen because it was the name of one of Australia's oldest clubs, the Wallaroo Football Club, which was formed in 1870.

## History
### Origins

Women had begun playing rugby in Australia hand-in-hand with the expansion of the game, with the earliest documented matches in the regional areas of New South Wales during the late 1930s.
As the popularity of men's rugby expanded internationally in the 1970s and 1980s, the appetite for international women's sides grew following the inaugural men's Rugby World Cup in 1987.
Following the first women's rugby union Test match in 1982 and the inaugural Women's Rugby European Cup in 1988 that saw Great Britain, France, the Netherlands and Italy play, the British side was replaced by their regional sides, with England and Wales playing their first matches in 1987, before being joined by Canada and the United States later that year. The Black Ferns followed in 1990 - culminating in the inaugural Women's Rugby World Cup in 1991.
In Australia, the first National Women's Tournament was held in Newcastle, NSW in 1992 - and finally, in 1993, the Australian Women's Rugby Union was formally established, with the organisation selecting the name ‘the Wallaroos’ as the moniker of the new national Women's side, named after one of the oldest clubs in Australia that participated in the Sydney/NSW competition, which later became the Shute Shield.

### 1990s: early years

The Wallaroos played their first international in 1994 against New Zealand. The match was played at North Sydney Oval, and New Zealand won the game 37–0. Karla Clay became the holder of Wallaroos Cap number one, which was retrospectively presented following the commencement of the Wallaroos caps program in 2008.
Initial matches in the opening years would take the form of single annual Test matches against the Black Ferns, marking the start of the Laurie O'Reilly Cup which is contested to this day between the two sides. The Wallaroos would play their first non-Trans Tasman match in 1997, against the United States.
The Wallaroos played 11 Tests during the 1990s, placing fifth at their first World Cup appearance in 1998 in the Netherlands, and winning their first-ever Test match against Ireland in their opening game of that tournament, 21–0.

### 2000s

Progress was slow for the Wallaroos in terms of game time and development throughout the 2000s, with the side playing 16 Test matches during the 2000s, mostly during World Cups.
They replicated their fifth-placed World Cup finish at the 2002 event in Barcelona, Spain - which included inaugural victories against Wales, Scotland, South Africa - and most notably, 1991 World Cup champions the United States.
The side would play no Tests between the 2002 and 2006 World Cups, with the side finishing in 7th at the 2006 World Cup in Canada. Test matches against the Black Ferns would resume in 2007, before, under new coach John Manenti the Wallaroos would pick up their biggest win ever in their history during qualification for the 2010 Rugby World Cup, defeating Samoa 87–0.

### 2010s: growth and promise, revamped domestic competition

Under Manenti, the Wallaroos had their best-ever World Cup to date at the 2010 World Cup in England, finishing runner-up in Pool A but still qualifying for the semi-finals for the first time. While they would fall in their semi-final 15–0 to hosts England, they would go on to defeat France for the first time, prevailing 22–8 at the Twickenham Stoop to finish in third place.
However, after Manenti's departure, the side would not play any further matches for another four years, with Paul Verrell coming in as coach in 2013. In 2014, The Wallaroos played two Test matches in New Zealand against the Black Ferns and North American outfit, Canada. Although losing both of these matches, the Wallaroos took this experience into the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup.
The Australian team was second in the pool stage behind host team France and was narrowly defeated by the United States in the first playoff, but beat Wales in their last match to finish the tournament in seventh place.
The side would pick up more Test matches throughout the latter half of the 2010s as the women's rugby program continued to expand, with a sixth-placed finish at 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup.
2018 would see the launch of the Super Rugby Women's competition - at the time branded Super W - replacing the National Women's Championship as the Wallaroos prime national competition and aligning with the men's state Super Rugby sides. This would kick-start the growth of the professional women's program over the next decade.

### 2020s: towards full professionalism, first major title

The 2020s would start frustratingly for the Wallaroos, with all planned test matches in 2020 and 2021 cancelled due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the planned 2021 World Cup in New Zealand pushed back a year.
However, things would bounce back quickly with World Rugby announcing increased investment in the Women's game and the launch of the new tiered WXV competition, plus sanctioning a new tournament in the Pacific which became the annual Pacific Four Series played between Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States.
With the arrival of a new coach in Jay Tregonning and the inclusion of the Fijiana Drua in Super Rugby Women's, momentum around the Wallaroos began to pick up, with 2022 marking the first time in their history the team had a full international calendar.
After defeating Fiji in their first clash of 2022 - a clash that has since become an annual fixture, the Wallaroos would go on to finish last in the inaugural Pacific Four Series. However, the side saw notable improvement, achieving their best result so far against the Black Ferns in Adelaide in the Laurie O'Reilly Cup, eventually falling 22–14.
Australia played the opening match of the 2021 Rugby World Cup, stunning New Zealand by running in the first three tries and leading at halftime. However, the experience of the hosts - and eventual champions - shone through, going on to win 41–17. Despite this, the Wallaroos reached the quarter-finals after defeating Scotland and Wales in the group stages, before going down to runners-up England 41–5 in Auckland. 2022 would also see Australia announced as host for the 2029 Rugby World Cup.
2023 continued to show promise for the Wallaroos, finishing third in the Pacific Four Series and qualifying for the inaugural WXV 1 tournament. They would go on to enjoy a strong campaign, finishing in third and defeating Six Nations runners-up France.
2024 saw massive changes for the Wallaroos. Tregonning departed as head coach, and he was replaced by former England international Joanne Yapp, who became the first full-time coach for the national side. The year also saw substantial growth in the number of Test matches, tour matches for Super Rugby Women's sides, and player contracts at the national and domestic level, with the first fully professional contracts provided.
However, the year would be one of ups and downs on the field, picking up the wooden spoon in the 2024 Pacific Four Series and losing their qualification for WXV 1. Heavy losses to the Black Ferns also followed, and in their inaugural end-of-year tour, the side sustained their first-ever loss to Wales.
However, Yapp's side would finish the year with several historic firsts, picking up their largest-ever win at home defeating Fiji 64–5. The year culminated in the team's first-ever major title, being crowned 2024 WXV 2 Champions after going undefeated in the tournament in South Africa, which also saw the side qualify for the 2025 Rugby World Cup.

## Records
### Rugby World Cup

Rugby World Cup :
| Year | Round | Pos | GP | W | D | L | PF | PA |
| 1991 | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 1994 | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter | Did not enter |
| 1998 | Plate final | 5th | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 84 | 70 |
| 2002 | Fifth play-off | 5th | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 80 | 41 |
| 2006 | Plate semi-final | 7th | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 114 | 89 |
| 2010 | Third play-off | Third | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 115 | 38 |
| 2014 | Plate semi-final | 7th | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 104 | 49 |
| 2017 | Fifth play-off | 6th | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 94 | 149 |
| 2021 | Quarter-final | 5th* | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 49 | 101 |
| 2025 | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified |
| 2029 | Automatically qualified as host | Automatically qualified as host | Automatically qualified as host | Automatically qualified as host | Automatically qualified as host | Automatically qualified as host | Automatically qualified as host | Automatically qualified as host |
| 2033 | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Total | 7/9 | 3rd$^†$ | 33 | 18 | 0 | 15 | 640 | 537 |
| Champion Runner-up Third place Fourth * Tied placing $^†$ Best placing Home venue |

### Overall

(Full internationals only)
Summary of matches, updated to 12 October 2024:
| Opposition | First | P | W | D | L | % |
| Canada | 2014 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0% |
| England | 1998 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0% |
| Fiji | 2022 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| France | 1998 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 33% |
| Ireland | 1998 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 60% |
| Japan | 2017 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 75% |
| New Zealand | 1994 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0% |
| Samoa | 2009 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| Scotland | 1998 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| South Africa | 2006 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| Spain | 1998 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100% |
| United States | 1997 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 25% |
| Wales | 2002 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 87% |
| Summary | 1994 | 84 | 30 | 0 | 54 | 35.71% |

## Players
### Current squad

Head Coach, Joanne Yapp, announced the Wallaroos 30-player squad for their European tour and WXV 2 on 2 September.
| Player | Position | Date of birth (age) | Caps | Club/province |
| Lori Cramer | Fullback | (1993-03-08)8 March 1993 (aged 31) | 23 | Queensland Reds |
| Biola Dawa | Wing | (2000-11-05)5 November 2000 (aged 23) | 2 | ACT Brumbies |
| Lucy Dinnen | Flanker | (1993-02-09)9 February 1993 (aged 31) | uncapped | Western Force |
| Ashley Fernandez | Lock | (2002-10-24)24 October 2002 (aged 21) | uncapped | ACT Brumbies |
| Georgina Friedrichs | Centre | (1995-04-14)14 April 1995 (aged 29) | 24 | NSW Waratahs |
| Sally Fuesaina | Prop | (1992-02-15)15 February 1992 (aged 32) | 3 | ACT Brumbies |
| Caitlyn Halse | Utility back | (2006-09-18)18 September 2006 (aged 18) | 2 | NSW Waratahs |
| Brianna Hoy | Prop | (2000-07-07)7 July 2000 (aged 24) | 8 | NSW Waratahs |
| Eva Karpani | Prop | (1996-06-18)18 June 1996 (aged 28) | 27 | NSW Waratahs |
| Lydia Kavoa | Number 8 | (1993-11-08)8 November 1993 (aged 30) | 1 | ACT Brumbies |
| Atasi Lafai | Lock | (1994-07-24)24 July 1994 (aged 30) | 14 | NSW Waratahs |
| Kaitlan Leaney | Lock | (2000-10-10)10 October 2000 (aged 23) | 20 | NSW Waratahs |
| Michaela Leonard (c) | Lock | (1995-03-06)6 March 1995 (aged 29) | 27 | Western Force |
| Ashley Marsters | Hooker | (1993-11-02)2 November 1993 (aged 30) | 29 | Melbourne Rebels |
| Arabella McKenzie | Fly-half | (1999-03-01)1 March 1999 (aged 25) | 26 | NSW Waratahs |
| Desiree Miller | Wing | (2002-01-13)13 January 2002 (aged 22) | 7 | NSW Waratahs |
| Tiarah Minns | Lock | (2001-04-06)6 April 2001 (aged 23) | uncapped | Melbourne Rebels |
| Faitala Moleka | Fly-half | (2005-01-29)29 January 2005 (aged 19) | 11 | ACT Brumbies |
| Tiarna Molloy | Hooker | (1998-11-08)8 November 1998 (aged 25) | 3 | Queensland Reds |
| Layne Morgan | Scrum-half | (1999-04-20)20 April 1999 (aged 25) | 26 | NSW Waratahs |
| Tania Naden | Hooker | (1992-02-20)20 February 1992 (aged 32) | 15 | ACT Brumbies |
| Leilani Nathan | Flanker | (2000-07-20)20 July 2000 (aged 24) | 7 | NSW Waratahs |
| Alapeta Ngauamo | Prop | (1989-07-11)11 July 1989 (aged 35) | uncapped | Western Force |
| Bridie O'Gorman | Prop | (1998-12-08)8 December 1998 (aged 25) | 22 | NSW Waratahs |
| Siokapesi Palu | Flanker | (1996-10-15)15 October 1996 (aged 27) | 11 | ACT Brumbies |
| Trilleen Pomare | Centre | (1993-04-05)5 April 1993 (aged 31) | 29 | Western Force |
| Cecilia Smith | Centre | (1994-03-13)13 March 1994 (aged 30) | 15 | Queensland Reds |
| Maya Stewart | Wing | (2000-03-14)14 March 2000 (aged 24) | 11 | NSW Waratahs |
| Tabua Tuinakauvadra | Back row | (2002-12-27)27 December 2002 (aged 21) | 6 | ACT Brumbies |
| Natalie Wright | Scrum-half | (2002-09-08)8 September 2002 (aged 22) | 2 | Queensland Reds |

### Notable players

Cheryl McAfee is the first Wallaroo to be inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame in 2021. She led the Australian women's sevens team in the inaugural Women's Rugby World Cup Sevens competition that was held in Dubai in March 2009. Later that year, she was invited by World Rugby to become a member of the bid team that successfully campaigned for the inclusion of rugby sevens in the Olympics. She also captained the Wallaroos from 2006 to 2010, including at the 2010 Rugby World Cup where they achieved their best result of third place.

### Previous squads

Rugby World Cup squads :
vteAustralia squad – 2021 Rugby World CupForwards
Chancellor
Cheatham
Duck
Hamilton
Karpani
Kemp
Lafai
Leaney
Leonard
Marsters
Naden
Naiqama
O'Gorman
Parry (c)
Patu
Robinson
Schuck
Talakai
Backs
Batibasaga
Cramer
Friedrichs
McKenzie
Morgan
Murphy
Palu
Piliae-Rasabale
Pomare
Smith
Stewart
Terita
Williams
Wong
Coach: Tregonning
vteAustralia squad – 2017 Women's Rugby World CupForwards
Boyle
Burrows
Butler
Campbell
Clough
Gray
Hamilton
Hewett
Horomia
Lingman
Ngaha
Parry
Patu
Robinson
Samoa
Sulusi
Tupuola
Backs
Barker
Hake
Hewson
Marsters
Murphy
Pomare
Riordan
Sauvao
Swanell
Timoko
Terherne
Williams
Coach: Verrell
vteAustralia squad – 2014 Women's Rugby World CupForwards
Burrows
Butler
Clough
Dennison
Gray
Hewett
Meskell
Milward
Parry
Patu
Saunders
Schwalger
Smyth
Vakalahi
Watson
Williams
Backs
Brown
Campbell
Haines
Hewson
Marsters
Maynard
Morgan
Ormsby
Putz
Coach: Verrell
vteAustralia squad – 2010 Women's Rugby World CupForwards
Clough
Hargreaves
Hodgkinson
Meskell
L. Morgan
Parry
Poluleuligaga
Porter
Ross
Sa'u
Shanahan
Trethowan
Vakalahi
Watson
Williams
Backs
Batibasaga
Beck
Brown
Campbell
Giteau
Hewson
McGann
C. Morgan
Ormsby
Sims
Soon
Coach: Manenti
vteAustralia squad – 2006 Women's Rugby World CupSquad
Rebecca Anderson
Iliseva Batibasaga
Tasileta Bethell
Vanessa Bradley
Tricia Brown
Louise Burrows
Paige Butcher
Jacqueline Cutts
Lito Fata
Lisa Fiaola
Annette Finch
Kristy Frogley
Alicia Frost
Alexandra Hargreaves
Bronwyn Laidlaw
Tobie McGann
Lindsay Morgan
Rachelle Pirie
Silei Poluleuligaga
Kate Porter
Ruan Sims
Cheryl Soon
Alana Thomas
Rebecca Trethowan
Kim Wilson
Selena Worsley
Coach: Steve Hamson
vteAustralia squad – 2002 Women's Rugby World CupSquad
Penny Anderson
Elizabeth Andrew
Ianthe Astley-Boden
Jamie Blazejewski
Alyssa Campbell
Louise Cooke
Davina Craft
Genevieve Devles
Jennifer Egan
Kerri Louise Ferris
Lisa Fiaola
Mieke Fortune
Alexandra Hargreaves
Debby Hodgkinson
Bronwyn Laidlaw
Bronwyn Mackintosh
Sharon O'Kane
Tui Ormsby
Nyree Osieck
Pearl Palaiali'i
Charmain Smith
Cheryl Soon
Rebecca Wakim
Nicole Wickert
Selena Worsley (c)
Melissa Latu
Coach: Stephen Swan
vteAustralia squad – 1998 Women's Rugby World CupSquad
Elizabeth Andrew
Holly Birch
Karen Bucholz
Bronwyn Calvert
Lisa-Jane Dwan
Kerri Louise Ferris
Mieke Fortune
Bronwyn Hart
Christine Henson
Bronwyn Laidlaw (c)
Melissa Latu
Perise Ili
Bronwyn Mackintosh
Ronnie May
Sherilee Moulds
Sharon O'Kane
Tui Ormsby
Tanya Osborne
Pearl Palaiali'i
Naomi Roberts
Shirley Russell
Helen Taylor
Helen Theunissen
Rebecca Wakim
Nicole Wickert
Selena Worsley
Coach:Bob Hitchcock :

### Award winners

The following Australia players have been recognised at the World Rugby Awards since 2001:
World Rugby Women's 15s Player of the Year :
| Year | Nominees | Winners |
| 2007 | Sarah Corrigan | Sarah Corrigan |
| 2009 | Debby Hodgkinson | Debby Hodgkinson |
| 2010 | Nicole Beck | — |
World Rugby Women's 15s Breakthrough Player of the Year :
| Year | Nominees | Winners |
| 2024 | Caitlyn Halse | — |
World Rugby Women's 15s Try of the Year :
| Year | Date | Nominee | Match | Tournament | Winner |
| 2022 | 30 October | Emily Chancellor | vs. England | Rugby World Cup | — |
| 2024 | 28 September | Maya Stewart | vs. Wales | WXV 2 | — |

### Captains

| Captain | Years |
| Piper Duck | 2023– |
| Grace Hamilton | 2019 |
| Liz Patu | 2018 |
| Sharni Williams | 2017 |
| Shannon Parry | 2017, 2022–23 |
| Ash Hewson | 2016 |
| Dalena Dennison | 2014 |
| Tui Ormsby | 2014 |
| Chris Ross | 2010 |
| Cheryl Soon | 2006–2010 |
| Selena Worsley | 2002 |
| Louise Ferris | 2001 |
| Nicole Wickert | 1998–2000 |
| Helen Taylor | 1994-1995 |

## Coaches

| Name | Tenure | Tests | Won | Drawn | Lost | Win% |
| Col Spence | 1994 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0% |
| Bob Hitchcock | 1995–1998 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 30.0% |
| No appointment (Sep 1998–c. Dec 2000) ||||||||
| Don Parry | c. 2000–2002 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 33.33% |
| No appointment (Jul 2002–Jun 2005) ||||||||
| Steve Hamson | 2005–2008 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 22.22% |
| John Manenti | 2009–2010 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 66.66% |
| No appointment (Oct 2010–Aug 2013) ||||||||
| Paul Verrell | 2013–2017 | 17 | 5 | 0 | 12 | 29.41% |
| Dwayne Nestor | 2018–2021 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 33.33% |
| Jay Tregonning | 2021–2023 | 19 | 8 | 0 | 11 | 42.10% |
| Joanne Yapp | 2023–present | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 40.0% |
As of 12 October 2024.

## Honours

* WXV
** WXV2 Winners: 2024

## Australia A

In 2022, as part of their Australian tour, a female Australian Barbarians side played Japan, with the visitors winning 24–10.
In 2024, Rugby Australia announced the launch of a new Australia A program. Similar to the Australia A national rugby union team for the men, the side serves as a development team for Super Rugby Women's players transitioning to the Wallaroos. They would play their inaugural match against Samoa, losing 20–17.
| Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Notes |
| 6 September 2024 | Apia Park, Apia | Samoa | 17–20 | |