OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laverda 200 Bicilindrico

The Laverda 200 Bicilindrico (200 Twin) is a 199.5 cc (12.17 cu in) air cooled ohv 4 stroke parallel twin motorcycle produced by the Italian manufacturer Laverda from 1962 to 1976. It was the company's first twin machine and the time of introduction it was Laverda's largest displacement model. Around 4,500 machines were produced, 2,000 of which were sold on the home market. Most of the remainder were exported to the UK and US as the 200 Gemini. The 14 year production run made it one of Laverda's longest running models.

## History

Laverda manufactured lightweight singles during the 1950s, their 75/100 cc model being one of the most commercially successful Italian motorcycles of the times with 38,000 sold. At the end of the 1950s legislation was introduced in Italy to prohibit motorcycles under 150 cc on motorways and Laverda started to lose ground to Gilera and Morini. In response, Laverda designed a scooter and the 200 twin.
Francesco Laverda had an admiration with Triumph motorcycles. This was reflected in the twin cylinder design, single downtube front part of the frame and rear bodywork reminiscent of Triumph's 'bathtub' 3TA and 5TA models. Most European motorcycles has the gearchange on the right, but with a view to the American market the gearchange was placed in the left on the Bicilindrico.
Intended as 'everyday' transport, the twin was first shown at the 1961 Milan Motorcycle Show and production started in 1962. The machine was available finished in light green, sky blue or orange.
A prototype of a sports version was produced in 1964 but this was never put into production. It was fitted with an all tubular frame and twin carburettors. It produced 15 bhp (11 kW) and was claimed to be capable of 140 km/h (87 mph).
Production continued until 1976 and several variants were produced, including one for the Italian Municipal Police.

## Technical details
### Engine and transmission

The ohv twin was of unit construction. Lubrication was wet sump and oil was circulated by a plunger type oil pump that ran off the rear of the crankshaft. Ignition was initially by flywheel-magneto but later changed to coil and points with power supply from an alternator. Fuel was supplied by a 18 mm (0.71 in) Dell'Orto carburettor.
Gears took power to the single plate wet clutch and 4 speed gearbox. Final drive was by chain.

### Cycle parts

The frame consisted of a tubular front part and pressed steel rear section. The engine was rubber-mounted to reduce vibrations. Front suspension was by forks and at the rear a swinging arm with twin shock absorbers. 170 mm (6.7 in) drum brakes were fitted front and rear.
# Mari Leinan Lund

Mari Leinan Lund (born 28 May 1999) is a Norwegian nordic combined skier who represents Tolga IL. She took the silver medal in women's nordic combined at the inaugural World Championship race, individual normal hill/5 km, at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2021.
Her younger sister Marte Leinan Lund is also a nordic combined skier.

## Career

Leinan Lund competed in the first ever women's nordic combined World Cup race in Ramsau on 18 December 2020 where she finished 7th. At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2021 she took the silver medal in the women's first ever race at a world championship. She shared the podium with her sister Marte Leinan Lund and the winner, fellow Norwegian Gyda Westvold Hansen.

## Nordic combined results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### World Championships

* 1 medal – (1 silver)
| Year | Age | Normal Hill |
| 2021 | 21 | Silver |
| 2023 | 23 | 20 |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Overall | Best Jumper Trophy | Best Skier Trophy |
| 2021 | 21 | 7 | 10 | 9 |
| 2022 | 22 | 10 | 6 | 26 |
| 2023 | 23 | 17 | 21 | 18 |
| 2024 | 24 | | | 8 |
# 1940 in Estonia

This article lists events that occurred during 1940 in Estonia.

## Incumbents

* First Secretary of the Communist Party of Estonia Karl Säre

## Events

* 17 June – The Red Army occupied Estonia and Latvia.
* 21 July – New Estonian Parliament (loyal to Soviet powers) proclaimed Estonian SSR.
* 6 August – Estonia was unlawfully declared the Estonian SSR and was, against the law, incorporated into the Soviet Union.

## Births

* 19 February – Jaan Kiivit Jr., Estonian clergyman
* 30 March – Ants Pauls, politician
* 30 April – Ülo Õun, sculptor (died 1988)
# 1966 Uruguayan constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 27 November 1966 alongside general elections. Four proposals for amending the constitution were put to voters, with one option receiving 65% of the vote. As a result, the colegiado system was abolished in favour of returning to the presidential system.

## Proposals

Four proposals were put to voters, with each named after a colour.

### Grey reforms

The grey reforms were put forward as a popular initiative on 28 April by the National Party alliance. They provided for a presidential system in which the President could be re-elected. The President could also dissolve the General Assembly and restrict personal freedoms. The proposals also called for the separation of election dates.

### Pink reforms

The pink reforms were put forward as a popular initiative by the Colorado Party on 24 May with 500,000 signatures. It proposed reintroducing a presidential system, limiting presidents to a single term but allowing them to dissolve the General Assembly and preventing their impeachment. Although the party later switched its support to the yellow reforms, it could not withdraw the pink reform proposal from the referendum.

### Yellow reforms

The yellow reforms were put forward as a popular initiative by the Left Liberation Front on 24 May. They proposed reintroducing a presidential system, banning the President from seeking immediate re-election, scrapping the lema system, nationalising large estates and setting pensions at a level equal to at least 85% of employees' final salary.

### Orange reforms

The orange reforms were put forward by the General Assembly on 24 August as a counter-proposal to the popular initiatives. They proposed re-introducing a presidential system, banning the President or Vice-President from seeking immediate re-election, allowing the President to dissolve the General Assembly and extending the parliamentary term from four to five years.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| Orange reforms | 786,987 | 64.89 |
| Grey reforms | 175,095 | 14.21 |
| Yellow reforms | 86,315 | 7.00 |
| Pink reforms | 1,020 | 0.08 |
| Against all | 182,345 | 14.80 |
| Total | 1,231,762 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,656,322 | 74.28 |
| Source: Direct Democracy |||
# Abengourou

Abengourou is a city in eastern Ivory Coast. It is the seat of both Comoé District and Indénié-Djuablin Region. It is also a commune and the seat of and a sub-prefecture of Abengourou Department.
Abengourou is primarily populated by the Anyi ethnic group, a branch of the Akan people who migrated to the region from Ghana. In the 2021 census, the population of the sub-prefecture of Abengourou was 164,424. The city is served by Abengourou Airport. There is also the interior's largest hospital. There is an agricultural vocational training institute, along with a research station that specializes in the local crops of cocoa and coffee. These crops are then transported the 151 kilometres (94 mi) to Abidjan for export.
Within the city is the residence of the Anyi paramount chief, who is also the King of Indénié, a kingdom founded in the 18th century. His home was built in 1882 and is decorated with artifacts.
The name "Abengourou" stems from the Akan language expression "n'pé kro", which means "I don't like long discussions".
The city is home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Abengourou, with its cathedral at the Cathédrale Sainte Thérèse de l'enfant Jésus.

## Notable people

* Roger Assalé (born 13 November 1993), international footballer
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Abengourou was 135,635.

## Villages

The seventeen villages of the sub-prefecture of Abengourou and their population in 2014 are:
* Abengourou (100 910)
* Adaou (4 011)
* Adonikro (795)
* Adou Koffikro (2 373)
* Akoikro (492)
* Apoisso (9 373)
* Apoueba (1 824)
* Bossematie (872)
* Comoekro (253)
* Dramanekro (1 057)
* Kirifi (2 364)
* Kodjinan (5 049)
* Kouame Bouakro (456)
* Kouassi Beniekro (850)
* N'dakro (112)
* Pokoukro (4 299)
* Touzoukro (545)
# Sarnıç railway station

Sarnıç railway station is a railway station in Gaziemir, İzmir of the İZBAN commuter rail system. The station has two island platforms servicing two tracks. Connections to ESHOT bus service is available via the ESHOT transfer center located next to the station.

## Connections

ESHOT operates regional bus service, accessible from the station.
* This article about a Turkish railway station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac

Edwilda Gustava Isaac (née Allen; 1937 – 2022) was an American civil rights pioneer. She participated in the 1951 walkout of the segregated Robert Russa Moton High School to protest unequal conditions.

## Biography

Edwilda Gustava Allen was born in 1937, the elder daughter of Vera and Edward Allen. As a teenager she attended the Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia. The school, was built in 1939 and by 1951 the segregated, Black school was inadequate to serve the student's needs. Among the problems were overcrowding and outdated textbooks.
In 1951, Isaac, then an eighth grader, helped stage a walkout, led by Barbara Johns, of students to protest conditions. The students marched to the courthouse, and Isaac was a member of the group of students that entered the courthouse to present their grievances.
The walkout brought attention to the situation at the school to the NAACP, this in turn led to the court case Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County which in turn became part of Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court case establishing that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
Isaac went on to attend Alverno College in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, became a music teacher and married. She eventually returned to Farmville where she continued her teaching career. She was a member of the Martha E. Forrester Council of Women. The Council worked to turn the Moton School into a museum and establish the building as a National Historic Landmark.
She died on January 21, 2022. She was survived by two daughters and three grandsons.
In 2016, Isaac was honored by the Virginia Women in History, sponsored by the Library of Virginia and Virginia Foundation for Women.
# St. Francis River (Minnesota)

The Saint Francis River is a 79.0-mile-long (127.1 km) tributary of the Elk River in east-central Minnesota in the United States. Via the Elk River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area historically characterized by mixed hardwood and coniferous forests on flat to rolling till plains.
The St. Francis River rises in Alberta Township in northeastern Benton County, and flows generally southwardly through eastern Benton County, passing to the east of Foley and collecting a minor tributary known as the West Branch St. Francis River. The river turns eastward in northern Sherburne County, and flows south- and southwestwardly through the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge and Sand Dunes State Forest. It joins the Elk River in Big Lake Township in southern Sherburne County, approximately one mile (2 km) north of the city of Big Lake. Canoeing is possible on some stretches of the river during periods of high water.

## History and preservation

Humans have lived in the St. Francis River valley for over 10,000 years; Native American village sites in the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge date back to 1300 A.D. More recently the area was settled in the 1870s under the Homestead Act.
Historically, the St. Francis River basin was known as one of the finest wildlife areas in the state, with large numbers of ducks, muskrats, beavers and mink supported by small lakes and marshes near the river which were abundant with wild rice and other wetland plants. The surrounding upland was primarily oak savanna which provided habitat for elk, bison, and gray wolves. By the mid-twentieth century, several developments had severely reduced the value of wildlife habitat in the basin. Wetlands were drained by a ditch system, built in the 1920s to increase agricultural area. In the early 1940s lakes and streams in the basin were invaded by carp, the feeding activities of which resulted in the uprooting of submerged vegetation important to aquatic wildlife. In addition, the native oak savanna upland habitat was converted to agriculture or home sites through logging and plowing. Protection from fire allowed the oak savanna to convert to dense woodlands. The Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1965 as an attempt to restore the native wildlife habitat of the St. Francis River's watershed, with land purchased using duck stamp funds.
    This article incorporates public domain material from Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge: History. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2012-11-10.
# Giannis Simosis

Giannis Simosis (Greek: Γιάννης Σίμωσης; born 13 March 1991) is a Greek footballer who most recently played for Adelaide Olympic as a striker.
# Ulriken

Ulriken (or the older, Ålreken) is the highest of the Seven Mountains (Norwegian: De syv fjell) that surround the city of Bergen, Norway. It has a height of 643 metres (2,110 ft) above sea level. Ulriken has an aerial tramway, Ulriksbanen, that can bring people to the top. At the top there is a TV tower and a restaurant. There is a network of trails along Ulriken, which is a popular hike with several paths up ranging from steep to not so steep.

## History

One of the slopes of Ulriken, known as Isdalen ("Ice Valley"), is also nicknamed "Death Valley", due to the area's history of suicides in the Middle Ages, and more recent hiking accidents. The valley became well known in 1970 when the remains of the mysterious Isdal Woman was discovered there. Another area of the mountain is called "Montana."
Ulriksbanen opened in 1961 and was closed in 1974 after an accident. The cable car closed again in the 1980s due to lack of funds, and again in January 2006, due to the operating company failing to meet government requirements for documentation, but it reopened later in the spring of the same year. It was later closed again, but it reopened for business on May 1, 2009.
The Ulriken Tunnel (Norwegian: Ulrikstunnelen) is a single-line railway tunnel on the Bergen Line between Bergen Station and Arna Station. Opened in 1964, the 7.6-kilometre (4.7 mi) long tunnel runs under the northern part of Ulriken. A second tunnel, began in January 2016, and was completed in December 2020.
The mountain was featured in a 2016 music video by Alan Walker called Alone.

## Gallery

* View of Bergen from Ulriken
* Restaurant at Ulriken
* Ulriken TV Tower at night
* View of Bergen in September 2008
# Alfons Siffer

Alfons Frederik Siffer (21 March 1850 – 3 March 1941) was a Belgian politician and publisher of Catholic works, including the cultural reviews Het Belfort and Le Magasin littéraire et scientifique.

## Life

Siffer was born in Zomergem on 21 March 1850 and studied at the diocesan secondary schools in Eeklo, Oudenaarde and Sint-Niklaas. He briefly attended the Catholic University of Leuven, and qualified as a notary in Ghent. In 1875 he was a co-founder of the Davidsfonds in Ghent, serving as chair 1910–1930. He was an active fundraiser for Catholic schools and for local libraries throughout his life. On 14 January 1879 he married Marie Virginie Fierlefeyn. They had three children.
With capital from his wife's half-sister, Sophie Léliart, he set up in business as a book dealer and publisher, supplying textbooks for Catholic schools, annuals and bulletins for clubs and societies, luxury albums, specialist journals and newspapers. He became the main publisher to the Royal Academy of Dutch language and literature. He invested a considerable part of his profits in mining ventures in Ukraine, which were lost after the Russian Revolution.
He was elected to Ghent city council 1895–1912 and 1921–1939, serving as alderman of public works 1909–1912. As acting mayor he gave an opening address to the University of Ghent at the beginning of the 1909 academic year; this was the first to be given in Dutch. In 1911 a banquet was organised in Ghent to congratulate him on being honoured with the dual distinction of Commander in the Order of St. Gregory the Great and Commander in the Order of Leopold. In 1912 he was elected to the Belgian parliament for the constituency Ghent-Eeklo, and spoke in support of the use of Dutch in public life and in the army. Under the German occupation of Belgium during World War I he publicly distanced himself from the "activists" calling for an independent Flanders. He was re-elected to parliament until 1932, becoming "Dean of the Chamber" in 1930. He died in Ghent on 3 March 1941.

## Publications
### As author

* Verslag over de werkzaamheden van het Gentsche Davidsfonds (Ghent, 1878)
* Lied van den Katholieken Schoolpenning, set to music by Edgar Tinel (Ghent, 1880)
* Frans de Potter en Hendrik Claeys: biographische en letterkundige studie, ter gelegenheid hunner benoeming als leden der Koninklijke Vlaamsche Academie (Ghent, 1886)
* Pater Servatius Dirks (Ghent, 1887)
* Multatuli (Ghent, 1890)

## Honours

* 1911: Commander in the Order of St. Gregory the Great
* 1911: Commander in the Order of Leopold
* 1932 : Knight grand Cross in the Order of Leopold II.
# Austra

Austra may refer to:
* Austra, Norway, an island between Trøndelag and Nordland counties
* Austra (band), a Canadian musical group
* Austra (given name)
# Martha Hooper Blackler Kalopothakes

Martha Hooper Blackler Kalopothakes (née Blackler; June 1, 1830 – December 16, 1871) was a 19th-century American missionary to Greece. She was also a journalist and translator. Kalopothakes died in 1871.

## Biography

Martha Hooper Blackler was born in Marblehead, Massachusetts, June 1, 1830. She was the daughter of Captain Francis Blackler. Having been converted early in life, she felt a deep interest in the cause of missions.
In 1858, she married Rev. Michael Demetrius Kalopothakes (Μιχαήλ Δ. Καλοποθάκης; 1825–1911), M.D. of Athens, who had spent several years in the United States studying medicine and theology. After graduating as a Calvinist and Reformed theologian from the Union Theological Seminary, New York City, he returned, accompanied by his wife, as a Protestant missionary to his native land. They had at least one child, a son, Francis Demetrius Kalopothakes (b. 1867).
Kalopothakes became so proficient in the Greek language that she was able to correct the proof sheets of the Star of the East, a weekly paper published by her husband who was the founder of the Greek Protestant church. She translated books from English and wrote articles for the Child's Paper, published also in Greek, and aided him in his correspondence with friends in England and the U.S. Though naturally somewhat timid, her gentle disposition and devotion to her work drew the people to her, and her influence was widely felt among the Greek women. But her excessive labors affected her health so seriously that it became necessary for her to return with her husband and children to the U.S. for a brief respite. In August. 1871, she sailed again for her missionary field, but died in Athens, on December 16, 1871, after a few months of labor.
# Hemipristis

Hemipristis (from Greek: ἡμι hēmi, 'half' and Greek: πρίστης prístēs 'saw') is a genus of weasel sharks, family Hemigaleidae. It contains one extant species, the snaggletooth shark (H. elongata) and several extinct species.
Hemipristis has two distinct types of teeth in each section of its jaw. The ones on the upper jaw act as knives, cutting through the flesh of the prey, while the pointed ones on the bottom act as forks, spearing the prey and holding it down. Because this shark was poorly studied in the past and its top and bottom jaw teeth differ to such a great degree, its top and lower jaw teeth were assigned to a separate genus in the past.

## Species

* Hemipristis elongata (Klunzinger, 1871)
* †Hemipristis curvatus
* †Hemipristis serra - An extinct species from the Oligocene-Miocene of Florida, South Carolina, and other areas on the Atlantic coast.
# Thomas Monconduit

Thomas Monconduit (born 10 February 1991) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Ligue 2 club Amiens.

## Club career

On 30 August 2022, Monconduit moved to Saint-Étienne on a three-year contract.
On 3 February 2025, Monconduit returned to Amiens on a half-season contract.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 2 June 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Auxerre B | 2010–11 | CFA | 21 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 0 |
| Auxerre B | 2011–12 | CFA | 30 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 3 |
| Auxerre B | 2012–13 | CFA | 10 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Auxerre B | 2013–14 | CFA 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Auxerre B | Total | Total | 63 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 63 | 3 |
| Auxerre | 2011–12 | Ligue 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Auxerre | 2012–13 | Ligue 2 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Auxerre | 2013–14 | Ligue 2 | 27 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
| Auxerre | Total | Total | 42 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 48 | 1 |
| Amiens | 2015–16 | National | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 2 |
| Amiens | 2016–17 | Ligue 2 | 36 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 3 |
| Amiens | 2017–18 | Ligue 1 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 1 |
| Amiens | 2018–19 | Ligue 1 | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 0 |
| Amiens | 2019–20 | Ligue 1 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 23 | 1 |
| Amiens | Total | Total | 141 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 149 | 7 |
| Amiens B | 2015–16 | CFA 2 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Lorient | 2020–21 | Ligue 1 | 27 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 28 | 2 |
| Lorient | 2021–22 | Ligue 1 | 34 | 3 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 35 | 3 |
| Lorient | Total | Total | 61 | 5 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 63 | 5 |
| Saint-Étienne | 2022–23 | Ligue 2 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 24 | 0 |
| Saint-Étienne | 2023–24 | Ligue 2 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| Saint-Étienne | Total | Total | 46 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 357 | 14 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 377 | 16 |
* 1 2 3 4 Appearance(s) in the Coupe de la Ligue
* ↑ One appearance in the Ligue 2 promotion play-offs, one appearance in the Ligue 1 relegation/promotion play-offs
# Bogen

Bogen may refer to:

## Places
### Germany

* Bogen, Germany, a town in the district of Straubing-Bogen, Bavaria
* Straubing-Bogen, a district in Bavaria
* Hoher Bogen, a mountain range in Bavaria
* Landkreis Bogen, a former Landkreis in Niederbayern

### Kazakhstan

* Bogen (river), a river in the Turkistan Region
* Bogen Dam, a dam across the Bogen River

### Norway

* Bogen, Evenes, a village in Evenes municipality, Nordland
** Bogen Chapel (Evenes), a chapel in the village of Bogen in Evenes
* Bogen, Steigen, a village in Steigen municipality, Nordland
** Bogen Chapel (Steigen), a chapel in the village of Bogen in Steigen
* Bogen (Austra), a hamlet on Austra island, Nordland

### South Georgia

* Bogen Glacier, a glacier on South Georgia island

## Other uses

* Bogen (surname), a surname
* Bogen Imaging, the US distributor of photographic products made by Italian manufacturer Manfrotto Group
* Bogen Communications, an audio electronics company based in Ramsey, New Jersey