# Flora of Madhya Pradesh

The flora of Madhya Pradesh province in India, is very rich and diverse. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are forested, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. Variability in climatic and edaphic conditions brings about significant difference in the forest types and flora of the state. There are four important forest types: tropical moist, tropical dry, tropical thorn, and subtropical broadleaved hill forests. Based on composition, there are three important forest formations namely teak forest, sal forest and miscellaneous Forests. Bamboo bearing areas are widely distributed in the state. Following is the list of trees and plants found in Madhya Pradesh:

## large trees

| S. No. | Botanical name | Local name (Devanagari) | Family | Photo |
| 1. | Acacia arabica, Willd. | Babul (बबूल) | Leguminosae | |
| 2. | Acacia catechu, Willd. | Khair (खैर) | Leguminosae | |
| 3. | Acacia ferruginea, Dc. | Safed Khair (सफ़ेद खैर) | Leguminosae | |
| 4. | Acacia leucophloea, Willd. | Reunja (रेउन्जा) | Leguminosae | |
| 5. | Adina cordifolia, Hook. f. | Haldu (हल्दू) | Rubiaceae | |
| 6. | Aegle marmelos, Correa. | Bel (बेल) | Rutaceae | |
| 7. | Ailanthus excelsa, Roxb. | Maharukh (महारुख) | Simarubaceae | |
| 8. | Albizzia lebbek, Benth. | Kala-siris (काला-सिरिस) | Leguminosae | |
| 9. | Albizzia odoratissima, Benth. | Chichwa (चिचवा) | Leguminosae | |
| 10. | Albizzia procera, Benth. | Safed-siris (सफ़ेद-सिरिस) | Leguminosae | |
| 11. | Anogeissus latifolia, Wall. | Dhaora (धावड़ा) | Combretaceae | |
| 12. | Anogeissus pendula, Edgew, | Kardhai (करधई) | Combretaceae | |
| 13. | Azadirachta indica, A. Juss. | Neem (नीम) | Meliaceae | |
| 14. | Bassia latifolia, Roxb. | Mahua (महुआ) | Sapotaceae | |
| 15. | Bombax malabaricum, DC. | Semal (सेमल) | Malvaceae | |
| 16. | Boswellia serrata, Roxb. | Salai (सलई) | Burseraceae | |
| 17. | Bridelia retusa, Spreng. | Kasai (कसई) | Euphorbiaceae | |
| 18. | Butea monosperma, (Lam.) Taub. | Palas (पलास) | Leguminosae | |
| 19. | Careya arborea, Roxb. | Kumbhi (कुंभी) | Myrtaceae | |
| 20. | Cedrela toona, Roxb. | Toon (तून) | Meliaceae | |
| 21. | Chloroxylon swietenia, D.C. | Bhirra (भिर्रा) | Meliaceae | |
| 22. | Cleistanthus collinus, Benth. | Garari (गरारी) | Euphorbiaceae | Garari at fruiting |
| 23. | Cordia myxa, Linn. | Lasora (लसोडा) | Boraginaceae | |
| 24. | Dalbergia latifolia, Roxb. | Shisham (शीशम) | Leguminosae | |
| 25. | Dalbergia paniculata, Roxb. | Dhobin (धोबिन) | Leguminosae | |
| 26. | Dalbergia sissoo, Roxb. | Sissoo (सिस्सू) | Leguminosae | |
| 27. | Dillenia pentagyna, Roxb. | Kalla (कल्ला) | Dilleniaceae | |
| 28. | Diospyros melanoxylon, Roxb. | Tendu (तेंदू) | Ebenaceae | |
| 29. | Diospyros montana, Roxb. | Bistendu (बिसतेंदु) | Ebenaceae | |
| 30. | Diospyros cordifolia, Roxb. | Bhaktendu (भाकतेंदू) | Ebenaceae | |
| 31. | Erythrina suberosa, Roxb. | Pangra (पांगरा) | Leguminosae | |
| 32. | Eugenia jambolana, Lamk. | Jamun (जामुन) | Myrtaceae | |
| 33. | Feronia elephantum, Correa. | Kaith (कैथ) | Rutaceae | |
| 34. | Ficus bengalensis, Linn. | Bar (बड) | Moraceae | |
| 35. | Ficus glomerata, Roxb. | Gular (गुलर) | Moraceae | |
| 36. | Ficus infectoria, Roxb. | Pakar (पाकर) | Moraceae | |
| 37. | Ficus religiosa, Linn. | Pipal (पीपल) | Moraceae | |
| 38. | Garuga pinnata, Roxb. | Kekad (केकड़) | Burseraceae | |
| 39. | Gmelina arborea, Roxb. | Gamari (गमारी) | Verbenaceae | |
| 40. | Grewia tiliaefolia, VahI. | Dhaman (धामन) | Tiliaceae | |
| 41. | Hardwickia binata, Roxb. | Anjan (अंजन) | Leguminosae | |
| 42. | Holoptelea integrifolia, Planch. | Chirol (चिरोल) | Ulmaceae | |
| 43. | Hymenodictyon excelsum, Wall. | Bhonrsal (भोंरसाल) | Rubiaceae | |
| 44. | Kydia calycina, Roxb. | Pula (पूला) | Malvaceae | |
| 45. | Lagerstroemia parviflora, Roxb. | Seja (सेजा) | Lythraceae | |
| 46. | Mangifera indica, Linn. | Am (आम) | Anacardiaceae | |
| 47. | Miliusa velutina, Hook. f. & | (डोमसाल) | Annonaceae | |
| 48. | Odina wodier, Roxb. | Jhingan (झिंगन) | Anacardiaceae | |
| 49. | Ougeinia dalbcrgioides, Benth. | Tinsa (तिनसा) | Leguminosae | |
| 50. | Phyllanthus emblica, Linn. | Aonla ( आंवला) | Euphorbiaceae | |
| 51. | Pongamia. Venl. | Karanj (करंज) | Leguminosae | |
| 52. | Prosopis cineraria, Linn. | Chenkur (चेंकुर) | Leguminosae | |
| 53. | Prosopis juliflora, DC, | Khejra (खेजड़ा) | Leguminosae | |
| 54. | Pterocarpus marsupium, Roxb. | Bijasal (बीजासाल) | Leguminosae | |
| 55. | Saccopetalum tomentosum, H F. & Thoms. | Kari (कारी) | Annonaceae | |
| 56. | Santalum album, Linn. | Chandan (चन्दन) | Santalaceae | |
| 57. | Sapilldus laurifolius, VahI. | Ritha (रीठा) | Sapindaceae | |
| 58. | Schleichera trijuga, WiIld. | Kusum (कुसुम) | Sapindaceae | |
| 59. | Schrebera swietenioides, Roxb. | Mokha (मोखा) | Oleaceae | |
| 60. | Shorea robusta, Gaertn. | Sal (साल) | Dipterocarpaceae | |
| 61. | Soymida febrifuga, A. Juss. | Rohan (रोहण) | Meliaceae | |
| 62. | Spondias mangifera, Willd. | Amra (आमरा) | Anacardiaceae | |
| 63. | Stephegyne parvifolia, Korth. | Kaim (कैम) | Rubiaceae | |
| 64. | Sterculia urens, Roxb. | Kulu (कुलू) | Sterculiaceae | |
| 65. | Stereospermum chelenoides, DC | Padari (पाडरी) | Bignoniaceae | |
| 66. | Stereospermum suaveolens, DC. | Padar (पाडर) | Bignoniaceae | padarii |
| 67. | Stereospermum xylocarpum, Benth Wight. | Son-Padar (सोन-पाडर) | Bignoniaceae | |
| 68. | Tamarindus indica, Linn. | Imli (इमली) | Leguminosae | |
| 69. | Tectona grandis, Linn. | Sagon (सागोन) | Verbenaceae | |
| 70. | Terminalia arjuna, Bedd. | Arjun (अर्जुन) | Combretaceae | |
| 71. | Terminalia belerica, Roxb. | Bahera (बहेड़ा) | Combretaceae | |
| 72. | Terminalia chebula, Retz. | Harra (हर्रा) | Combretaceae | |
| 73. | Terminalia tomentosa, W&A. | Saj (साज) | Combretaceae | |

## Small trees

| S. No. | Botanical name | Local name (devanagari) | Family | Photo |
| 74. | Balanites roxburghii, Plan. | Hingot (हिंगोट) | Zygophyuaceae | |
| 75. | Bauhinia malabarica, Roxb. | Amta (आमटा) | Leguminosae | |
| 76. | Bauhinia purpurea, Linn. | Keolar (केवलार) | Leguminosae | |
| 77. | Bauhinia racemosa, Lamk. | Asta (आष्टा) | Leguminosae | |
| 78. | Bauhinia retusa, Roxb. | Sehra (सेहरा) | Leguminosae | |
| 79. | Bauhinia variegata, Linn. | Kachnar (कचनार) | Leguminosae | |
| 80. | Buchanania latifolia, Roxh. | Achar (अचार) | Anacardiaceae | |
| 81. | Casearia graveolens, Dalz. | Gilchi (गिलची) | Samydaceae | |
| 82. | Casearia tomentosa, Roxh. | Tondri (टोंडरी) | Samydaceae | |
| 83. | Cassia fistula, Linn. | Amaltas (अमलतास) | Leguminosae | |
| 84. | Cochlospermum gossypium, DC. | Galgal (गलगल) | Bixaceae | |
| 85. | Crateava religiosa, Forst. | Barna (बरना) | Capparidaceae | |
| 86. | Dichrostachys cinerea, W. & A. | Velati (वेलाटी) | Leguminosae | |
| 87. | Dolichandrone falkata, Seem. | Medhsingh (मेढ़सिंघ) | | Bignoniaceae |
| 88. | Elaeodendron glancnnl. Pers. | Jamrasi (जमरासी) | Celastraceae | |
| 89. | Ehretia laevis, Roxb. | Datranga (दतरंगा) | Boraginaceae | |
| 90. | Euphorbia nivulia, Ham. | Sehund (सेहुंड) | Euphorbiaceae | |
| 91. | Euphorbia tiruculli, Linn. | Niwarang (निवरंग) | Euphorbiaceae | |
| 92. | Flacourtia indica, (Burm.f.) Merr. | Kakai (ककई) | Salicaceae | |
| 93. | Gardenia latifolia, Ait. | Papra (पापडा) | Rubiaceae | |
| 94. | Gardenia lucida, Ruxb. | Dikamali (डिकामाली) | Rubiaceae | |
| 95. | Gardenia turgida, Roxb. | Phetra (फेटरा) | Rubiaceae | |
| 96. | Ixora parviflora, Vahl. | Lokhandi (लोखंडी) | Rubiaceae | |
| 97. | Limonia acidissima, Linn. | Bilsena (बिलसेना) | Rutaceae | |
| 98. | Litsaea sebifera, Pers. | Maidalakri (मैदालकड़ी) | Lauraceae | |
| 99. | Mallotus philippinensis, Muell. | Roli (रोली) | Euphorbiaceae | |
| 100. | Mimusops hexandra, (Roxb.), | Khirni (खिरनी) | Sapotaceae | |
| 101. | Morinda tinctoria, Roxb. | Aal (आल) | Rubiaceae | |
| 102. | Murraya exotica, Linn. | Madhukamini (मधुकामिनी) | Rutaceae | |
| 103. | Murraya koenigii, Spreg. | Mithinim (मीठीनीम) | Rutaceae | |
| 104. | Randia dumetorum, Lamk. | Mainphal (मैनफल) | Rubiaceae | |
| 105. | Randia uliginosa, DC. | Katul (काटुल) | Rubiaceae | |
| 105A. | Salvadora oleoides, Dcne. | Pilu (पिलू) | Salvadoraceae | |
| 106. | Semecarpus anacardium, Linn. | Bhilma (भिलमा) | Anacardiaceae | |
| 107. | Streblus asper. Linn. | Majni (मजनी) | Moraceae | |
| 108. | Strychnos potatorum, Linn. | Nirmali (निर्मली) | Loganiaceae | |
| 109. | Vitex peduncularis, Wall. | Morpai (मोरपाई) | Verbenaceae | |
| 110. | Wendlandia exserta, DC. | Tilwan (तिलवन) | Rubiaceae | |
| 111. | Wrightia tinctoria, R. Br. | Dudhi (दुधी) | Apocynaceae | |
| 112. | Wrightia tomentosa, R & S. | Kalidudhi (कालीदुधी) | Apocynaceae | |
| 113. | Ziziphus jujuba, Lamk. | Ber (बेर) | Rhamnaceae | |
| 114. | Ziziphus xylopyra. Willd. | Ghont (घोंट) | Rhamnaceae | |

## Shrubs and undershrubs

| S. No. | Botanical name | Local name (devanagari) | Family |
| 115. | Achyranthes aspera, L. | Apamarg (अपामार्ग) | Amarantaceae |
| 116. | Adhatoda vasica, Neer. | Adusa (अडूसा) | Acanthaceae |
| 117. | Alangium salviifolium, Thwaites. | Akol (अकोल) | Cornaceae |
| 118. | Anona squamosa, L. | Sitaphal (सीताफल) | Annonaceae |
| 119. | Antidesma diandrum, Roth. | Khatua (खटुआ) | Euphorbiaceae |
| 120. | Antidesma ghaesembilla, Gaertn. | Jondharli (जोंधरली) | Euphorbiaceae |
| 121. | Argemone mexicana, L. | Siarkanta (सियारकाँटा) | Berberidaceae |
| 122. | Calotropis gigantea, R.Br. | Aak (आक) | Asclepiadaceae |
| 123. | Capparis aphylla, Roth. | Karil (करील) | Capparidaceae |
| 124. | Capparis horrida, L. | Ulatkanta (उलटकाँटा) | Capparidaceae |
| 125. | Carissa spinarum, A.DC. | Karonda (करोंदा) | Apocynaceae |
| 126. | Cassia auriculata, L. | Tarwar (तरवर) | Leguminosae |
| 127. | Cassia tora, L. | Panwar (पंवार) | Leguminosae |
| 128. | Clerodendron infortunatum, Gaertn. | Bhant (भांट) | Verbenaceae |
| 128A. | Clerodendron phlomidis, L. | Inni (इन्नी) | Verbenaceae |
| 129. | Colebrookea oppositifolia, Smith. | Kalabansa (कालाबांसा) | Labiatae |
| 130. | Desmodium pulchellum, Benth. | Chipti (चिपटी) | Leguminosae |
| 131. | Dodonoea visocosa, L. | Kharenta (खरेंटा) | Sapindaceae |
| 132 | Embelia tsjeriam-cottam, (Roem. & Schult.) A.DC. | Baibirang (बायबिरंग) | Myrsinaceae |
| 133. | Eriolaena hookariana, Wight & Arn. | Bhoti (भोटी) | Sterculiaceae |
| 134. | Eugenia heyneana. Wall. | Kath Jamun (कठजामुन) | Myrtaceae |
| 135. | Euphorbia neriifolia, L. | Thuar (थूअर) | Euphorbiaceae |
| 136. | Gymnosporia montana, (Roth) Benth. | Baikal (बेकल) | Celastraceae |
| 137. | Grewia hirsuta, Vahl. | Gursakri (गुड़सकरी) | Tiliaceae |
| 138. | Helicteres isora, L. | Marorphali (मरोड़फली) | Sterculiaceae |
| 139. | Holarrhena antidysenterica, Wall. | Kurchi (कुरची) | Apocynaceae |
| 140. | Hygrophila spinosa, T.A. | Talmakhana (तालमखाना) | Acanthaceae |
| 141. | Indigofera pulchella, Roxb. | Neel (नील) | Leguminosae |
| 142. | Lantana camara, L. | Raimunia (रायमुनिया) | Verbenaceae |
| 143. | Leea macrophylla, Roxb. | Hathikand (हाथीकंद) | Vitaceae |
| 144. | Nyctanthes arbortristis, L. | Harsingar (हारसिंगार) | Verbenaceae |
| 145. | Opuntia dillenii, Hair. | Nagphani (नागफनी) | Cactaceae |
| 146. | Petalidium barlerioides, Nees. | Indrajata (इन्द्रजटा) | Acanthaceae |
| 147. | Pogostemon plectranthoides, Desf. | Kora (कोरा) | Labiatae |
| 148. | Salix tetrasperma, Roxb. | Bainsa (बैंसा) | Salicaceae |
| 149. | Strobilanthes callosus, Nees. | Maruadona (मरुआदोना) | Acanthaceae |
| 150. | Tamarix dioica, Roxb. | Jhau (झाऊ) | Tamaricaceae |
| 151. | Tribulus terrestris, L. | Gokhuru (गोखरू) | Zygophyllaceae |
| 152. | Waltheria indica, L. | Halduli (हलदुली) | Sterculiaceae |
| 153. | Woodfordia floribunda, Salist. | Dhawai (धवई) | Lythraceae |
| 154. | Ziziphus rugosa, Lamk. | Churna (चूरना) | Rhamnaceae |
| 155. | Ziziphus rotundifolia, Lamk. | Jharberi (झरबेरी) | Rhamnaceae |

## Climbers

| S. No. | Botanical name | Local name | Family |
| 156. | Abrus precatorius, Linn. | Gunja (गुंजा) | Leguminosae |
| 157. | Acacia caesia, W. & A. | Gurar (गुरार) | Leguminosae |
| 158. | Acacia pennata, Willd. | Raoni (रोनी) | Leguminosae |
| 159. | Bauhinia vahlii, W. & A. | Mahul (माहुल) | Leguminosae |
| 160. | Butea superba, Roxb. | Palasbel (पलासबेल) | Leguminosae |
| 161. | Caesalpinia bonducella, Flem. | Sagargoti (सागरगोटी) | Leguminosae |
| 162. | Calycopteris floribunda, Lamk. | Kukaranj (कुकरांज) | Combretaceae |
| 163. | Celastrus paniculata, Willd. | Malkangni (मालकांगनी) | Celastraceae |
| 164. | Combretum decandrum, Roxb. | Pivarbel (पिवरबेल) | Combretaceae |
| 165. | Combretum ovalifolium, Roxb. | Hathisandan (हाथीसान्दन) | Combretaceae |
| 166. | Cryptolepis buchanani, R. & S. | Nagbel (नागबेल) | Asclepiadaceae |
| 167. | Cuscuta reflexa, Roxb. | Amarbel (अमरबेल) | Convolvulaceae |
| 168. | Derris scandens, Benth. | Tupbel (तुपबेल) | Leguminosae |
| 169. | Dioscorea dremona, Roxb. | Baichandi (बैचांदी) | Dioscoreaceae |
| 170. | Gloriosa superba, Linn. | Agnishikha (अग्निशिखा) | Liliaceae |
| 171. | Gymnema sylvestre, R. Br. | Gudmar (गुडमार) | Asclepiadaceae |
| 172. | Ichnocarpus frutescens, Br. | Dhimarbel (ढीमर बेल) | Apocynaceae |
| 173. | Marsdenia tenacissima, W. &A. | Chikti (चिकटी) | Asclepiadaceae |
| 174. | MIillettia auriculata, Baker. | Gauj (गौज) | Leguminosae. |
| 175. | Mucuna pruriens, DC. | Kewanch (केवांच) | Leguminosae |
| 176. | Smilax macrophylla, Roxb. | Ramdaton (रामदतोन) | Liliaceae |
| 177. | Spatholobus roxburghii, Benth. | Nasbel (नसबेल) | Leguminosae |
| 178. | Tinospora cordifolia, Miers. | Giloy (गिलोय) | Menispermaceae |
| 179. | Vallaris heyner, Spreng. | Dudhbel (दूधबेल) | Apocynaceae |
| 180. | Ventilago calyculata, Tul. | Keoti (केवटी) | Rhamnaceae |
| 181. | Ziziphus oenoplia, Mill. | Makor (मकोर) | Rhamnaceae |

## Grasses

| S. No. | Botanical name | Local name (devanagari) | Family |
| 182. | Apluda varia, Hack | Phuli (फुली) | Gramineae |
| 183. | Chionachne koenigii, Thw. | Karpia (कर्पिया) | Gramineae |
| 184. | Chrysopgon montanus, Trin | Chikua (चिकुआ) | Gramineae |
| 185. | Coix gigantea, Kon. | Garru (गर्रू) | Gramineae |
| 186. | Cymbopogon martini, Wats. | Rusa (रूसा) | Gramineae |
| 187. | Cynodon dactylon, Pers. | Doob (दूब) | Gramineae |
| 188. | Desmostachya bipinnata, Stapf. | Kush (कुश) | Gramineae |
| 189. | Dichanthuium annulatum, Stapf. | Marwel (मारवेल) | Gramineae |
| 190. | Echinochloa colona, Link. | Sama (समा) | Gramineae |
| 191. | Eragrostis tenella, Link. | Bhurbhusi (भुरभुसी) | Gramineae |
| 192. | Eulaliopsis binata, C. E. Hubb. | Sabai (सबई) | Gramineae |
| 193. | Heteropogon contortus, Beauv. | Kusul (कुसल) | Gramineae |
| 194. | Imperata cylindrica, P. Beauv. | Chhir (छीर) | Gramineae |
| 195. | Ischaemum pilosum, Hack. | Kunda (कुंदा) | Gramineae |
| 196. | Pennisetum hohenackeri, Hochst. | Moya (मोया) | Gramineae |
| 197. | Phragmites karka, Trin. | Nal (नाल) | Gramineae |
| 198. | Saccharum spontaneum, Linn. | Kans (कांस) | Gramineae |
| 199. | Sehima sulcatum, A. Camus. | Paonia (पोनिया) | Gramineae |
| 200. | Themeda quadrivalvis, O. Kuntz. | Gunher (गुन्हेर) | Gramineae |
| 201. | Thysanolaena maxima, O. Kuntz. | Phulbuhari (फूलबुहारी) | Gramineae |
| 202. | Tripidium bengalense, Retz. | Munj (मुंज) | Gramineae |
| 203. | Vetiveria zizaniodes, Nash. | Khus (खस) | Gramineae |

## Other plants

| S. No. | Botanical name | Local name (devanagari ) | Family |
| 204. | Bambusa arundinacea, Willd. | Kanta bans (कांटाबांस) | Gramineae |
| 205. | Borassus flabellifer, L. | Tad (ताड़) | Palmae |
| 206. | Dendrocalamus strictus, Nees. | Bans (बांस) | Gramineae |
| 207. | Loranthus longiflorus, Desr. | Bandha (बंधा) | Loranthaceae |
| 208. | Phoenix sylvestris. Roxb. | Khajur (खजूर) | Palmae |