# Ann Arbor Area Transportation Authority

The Ann Arbor Area Transportation Authority (AAATA), branded as TheRide, is the public transit system serving the Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti area in the U.S. state of Michigan. In fiscal year 2021 (October 2020 – October 2021), the system had a ridership of 1,725,797.

## History
### Predecessors

Bus service in Ann Arbor began in 1925, when streetcars of the Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti Street Railway were replaced by buses. Multiple privately owned bus companies in Ann Arbor faced financial difficulties beginning in the late 1940s. Great Lakes Greyhound ended its Ann Arbor services in 1957, and its successors faced financial ruin. St. John Transportation Company of Dayton, Ohio began service in 1968, with a guaranteed subsidy from the city. Even with its subsidy, St. John's costs proved higher than expected, and it ceased operations in January 1969.
In 1969, the city of Ann Arbor directed the Ann Arbor Transportation Authority to purchase and run its own buses. This included $200,000 for their first fiscal year.

### First AATA-run buses

The city-wide buses began operation on 1 April 1969. In January 1970, the AATA was granted a $429,275 federal grant for the purchase of buses. By July, the system was predicted to carry 600,000 passengers in the next year, which chairperson George Bacalis called "exceptional." By October, the AATA was requesting to provide input on all work on major roads in the city due to the impact road works had on bus service.

### Expansion

In late 1973, Washtenaw Community College provided funds to run a bus service from Arborland Center to their campus in Ann Arbor Charter Township. The township government refused to provide its own funds towards the bus service. That same year, the AATA offered their first paratransit line with a wheelchair-accessible van service within city limits.
On 18 February 1974, the first AATA bus between Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti ran, going from downtown Ann Arbor along Washtenaw Avenue to downtown Ypsilanti and into Ypsilanti Charter Township. On-demand bus service branded as Teltran started later that year within the city limits of Ann Arbor. By mid 1974, the AATA's bus system had over a million annual riders.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the AATA under director Michael Bolton worked with the city and the University of Michigan to create a 20-year transportation plan. The American Public Transit Association gave the AATA its annual bus safety award in June 1991. Bolton left the AATA for Capital Metro in 1994.
The AATA was the first transit authority in the United States to operate low-floor buses when, in early 1993, they took delivery of ten New Flyer D40LF buses. In terms of operation, only two Canadian authorities and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey operated such buses prior to the AATA.
In November 2012, the AATA broke ground on the new Blake Transit Center, at a cost of $8.1 million. The new 2-story, 12,019-square-foot downtown transit hub replaced a one-story structure built at the site at 328 South Fifth Avenue in the 1980s. The new Blake Transit Center was officially opened for use on July 7, 2014. The D2A2 bus provides service from the Blake Transit Center to downtown Detroit.

### Rebranding and expansion

In August 2013, the agency's board voted to change its name from the Ann Arbor Transportation Authority (AATA) to the Ann Arbor Area Transportation Authority (AAATA). The name change reflects the addition of neighboring Ypsilanti to the agency board and the growing focus on regional services within Washtenaw County's urban core. In December 2013, the Ann Arbor City Council approved adding Ypsilanti Township as a charter member of the AAATA. Despite reduced bus ridership in other areas of Michigan, AAATA continued expanding its ridership throughout the 2010s through expanded bus service.

## Services
### Fixed routes

Routes that travel east–west between Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti are numbered in the single digits. Routes that begin at the Blake Transit Center and serve Ann Arbor neighborhoods are numbered 22–34. Local services in Ypsilanti, originating from the Ypsilanti Transit Center, are numbered 42–47, and crosstown routes that do not serve either transit center are numbered 62–68.

#### Current routes

Effective August 25, 2024.
| # | Name | Termini | Termini | Frequency (min) | Frequency (min) | Frequency (min) | Notes |
| # | Name | Termini | Termini | Mon-Fri | Sat | Sun | Notes |
| 3 | Huron River | Blake TC | Ypsilanti TC | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 4 | Washtenaw Local | Blake TC | Ypsilanti TC | 15-30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 5A | Packard | Blake TC | Ypsilanti TC | 30 | 30 | - | |
| 5B | Packard | Blake TC | Meijer, Ypsilanti | 30 | - | 30 | |
| 6A | Ellsworth | Blake TC | Ypsilanti TC | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 6B | Ellsworth | Blake TC | Briarwood Mall | 30 | - | - | Through service to route 67 |
| 22 | Pontiac-Dhu Varren | Blake TC | UM North Campus (Pierpont Commons) | 30 | 60 | 60 | |
| 23 | Plymouth | Blake TC | Plymouth Road Park & Ride | 15 (daytime) | - | - | |
| 23 | Plymouth | Blake TC | Green Road Park & Ride | 30 (evenings) | 30 | 30 | |
| 25 | Ann Arbor-Saline | Blake TC | Meijer, Ann Arbor-Saline Rd | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 26 | Scio Church | Clockwise loop through Blake TC, Scio Ridge | Clockwise loop through Blake TC, Scio Ridge | 30 | 60 | 60 | 29 follows route counter-clockwise |
| 27 | W. Stadium-Oak Valley | Blake TC | Meijer, Ann Arbor-Saline Rd | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 28 | Pauline | Blake TC | Maple + Pennsylvania | 15-30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 29 | Liberty | Counter-clockwise loop through Blake TC, Scio Ridge | Counter-clockwise loop through Blake TC, Scio Ridge | 30 | 60 | - | 26 follows route clockwise |
| 30 | Jackson | Blake TC | Meijer, Jackson Rd | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 31 | Dexter | Blake TC | Jackson + Wagner | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 32 | Miller-Maple | Blake TC | Maple + Pennsylvania | 30 | 30 | 30 | Select trips serve Skyline High School |
| 33 | Newport | Blake TC | Warrington + Newport | 30 | - | - | |
| 34 | Maple-Dexter | Blake TC | Miller Road Park & Ride | 30 | - | - | 11 trips daily; weekday peak only |
| 42 | Forest-MacArthur | Ypsilanti TC | MacArthur + Harris | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 43 | E. Michigan | Ypsilanti TC | Holmes + Ridge | 30 | 30 | 30 | Through service with route 68 |
| 44 | Ecorse-Tyler | Ypsilanti TC | West Willow Community Center | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 45 | Grove | Ypsilanti TC | Grove + Harry | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 46 | Huron-Paint Creek | Ypsilanti TC | Huron River Dr + Textile | 30 | 30 | 30 | Select trips serve Arbor Preparatory High School |
| 47 | Harriet-W. Michigan | Ypsilanti TC | Hewitt + Ellsworth | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| 61 | U-M Miller | Central Campus TC | Miller Road Park & Ride | 30 | - | - | Through service with route 65 |
| 62 | U-M State | Central Campus TC | Wolverine Tower | 12-15 | - | - | Reduced service outside UM Fall and Winter semesters |
| 63 | U-M Pontiac | Central Campus TC | Food Gatherers | 30 | - | - | 8 trips daily, weekday peak only. Through service with route 64 |
| 64 | Geddes-E. Stadium | Central Campus TC | Pioneer High School | 30 | - | - | 11 trips daily, weekday peak only. Through service with route 63 |
| 65 | U-M Downtown-Green | Central Campus TC | Glacier Hills | 30 | - | - | Through service with route 61 |
| 66 | Carpenter-Huron | Meijer, Ypsilanti | Green Road Park & Ride | 30 | 60 | - | Select trips deviate to Golfside Rd or Glacier Hills to serve Huron High School students |
| 67 | Eisenhower-Golfside | Briarwood Mall | Trinity Health Ann Arbor Hospital / Washtenaw Community College | 30 (daytime) | - | - | Daytime 67 trips provide through service to route 6B |
| 67 | Eisenhower-Golfside | Briarwood Mall | Washtenaw Community College | 60 (evenings) | 30 | 30 | |
| 68 | Harris-Ford | Gault Village | Holmes + Ridge | 30 | - | - | Through service with route 43 |
| 104 | Washtenaw Express | Blake TC | Ypsilanti TC | 30 | - | - | Limited-stop service |

#### Major transfer stops

The main hubs of the AAATA system are the Blake Transit Center in downtown Ann Arbor and the Ypsilanti Transit Center in downtown Ypsilanti. Both transit centers have an indoor waiting room with a staffed ticket window.
AAATA buses serve multiple locations on the campus of the University of Michigan. On the university's Central Campus, the main transfer point is the Central Campus Transit Center on Geddes Avenue. All services to the university's North Campus stop at Pierpont Commons, and all services to the University of Michigan Health campus stop on Observatory Street. Connecting service is available to University of Michigan Transit services at these locations, and other locations across the University of Michigan campus.
Additional transfer points in Ann Arbor include Arborland Center, Briarwood Mall, the Ann Arbor VA Hospital, and Traver Village Shopping Center. The Carpenter Road Meijer store, located in northeast Pittsfield Township, is a connection point for multiple bus lines in the Ypsilanti area.

### Special services

TheRide provides paratransit services, branded as ARide, for individuals with disabilities. Since 2021, these services have been operated by MV Transportation. Microtransit services in Ypsilanti Township and Pittsfield Township, branded as FlexRide, are operated by Via Transportation. TheRide operates shuttle services for special events, including the Ann Arbor Art Fairs and Michigan Wolverines football home games. TheRide also coordinates carpools and vanpools in partnership with major area employers.

### Connections

AAATA service connects with University of Michigan Transit services at multiple points on the university's campus. These services are free to the public.
Connections to western Washtenaw County are available via the Western Washtenaw Area Value Express from the western terminus of route 30. Service to northeast Washtenaw County and Livingston County is provided by People's Express, connecting at the University of Michigan Hospital.
The Wolverine train service, operated by Amtrak, stops at the Ann Arbor station, which is served by lines 22, 33 and 65.$^{:91}$ The Amtrak station is also the Ann Arbor stop for multiple intercity bus services, including Greyhound and FlixBus.
The Michigan Flyer, which runs 12 daily trips from East Lansing via Brighton to Detroit Metropolitan Airport, stops at the Blake Transit Center.
D2A2 is an hourly express service between Ann Arbor and Downtown Detroit. In 2023 it added late-night summer buses from June to September, allowing Ann Arbor residents to leave Detroit near midnight.

#### Park and Ride

The AAATA provides ten free Park and Ride locations, mostly around the outskirts of Ann Arbor. All park-and-ride lots receive frequent bus service at weekday rush hours, and some locations feature all-day and weekend service.$^{:12–14}$ AAATA's "TheRide 2045" plan includes creating a second ring of park-and-ride lots for commuters further outside the city.

## Fleet

TheRide currently operates a mix of Gillig Low Floor and Nova Bus LFS buses on its fixed routes. The system's buses run on B12 biodiesel, and many are diesel-electric hybrid units. The AAATA has 55 hybrid electric buses in its fleet and, in 2007, became the first public transit operator in the Midwest to state its intention to convert to all hybrid electric buses, though these plans never came to fruition.
In 2022, the AAATA began exploring a series of plans to replace its entire diesel-powered fleet with battery-electric or hydrogen fuel cell-powered buses by 2035.

## Fares

AAATA uses a fixed-fare system. Full fare on fixed-route buses is $1.50, payable by cash or tokens. Day passes are available for $3.00, and 31-day passes are $45.00. Mobile ticketing is available for IPhone and Android smartphone users through the EZfare app. Transfers are free, and are valid for unlimited connections to fixed-route buses for 90 minutes.$^{:6–7}$
Free fares are available for University of Michigan students, faculty, and staff; children under 6; registered seniors 65 years of age and over; customers with disabilities who are eligible for paratransit; and TheRide employees.
Reduced fares are available for customers including Medicaid recipients, K–12 school students, and seniors ages 60–64. All reduced fares are half the standard fare.$^{:6–7}$
Standard fare for AirRide services is $15 per adult, with discounts available for accompanied children and round-trip tickets. D2A2 tickets are $8, with discounts available for advance bookings, seniors, and customers with disabilities.

## Projects

Throughout its existence, the AAATA has worked on projects with other government agencies within Washtenaw county in order to improve transit service.

### TheRide 2045

The AAATA's current long-term project plan, called TheRide 2045, sets a high level vision for how the AAATA plans to expand service. Goals include reducing travel times, addressing equity gaps, and improving environmental outcomes. The plan was created with assistance of a public advisory group and after an 18-month public engagement process. An early part of this plan is a new property tax for the AAATA service area starting in 2024 which, in addition to addressing a structural deficit, will increase hours, provide at least 30 minute headways on weekends, and add an express route between the Blake Transit Center and the Ypsilanti Transit Center. Information specialists began staffing the YTC on 1 August 2023 for the first time since the center opened.

### Transit Signal Priority

In 1973, the city of Ann Arbor and the AATA agreed to a system that would provide a computerized traffic light system to provide buses with priority. As of 2018, Transit Signal Priority options were still being studied.

### Zero-emission buses

TheRide recommended to the AAATA board in October 2023 to pilot hydrogen fuel cell buses, with the AAATA contributing $1.1-1.5 million and federal grants paying an additional $4.4-6 million.

## Administration

The Ann Arbor Area Transportation Authority is a special district under Michigan law, which has agreements with six municipalities in Washtenaw County to provide services. The City of Ann Arbor, the City of Ypsilanti, and Ypsilanti Charter Township are full members of the authority, and have the power to make appointments to the authority's 10-member board of directors. Pittsfield Charter Township, Scio Township, and Superior Charter Township receive services from the authority under purchase-of-service agreements, and do not appoint board members.
Funding for the AAATA is provided by a variety of sources. As of 2023, passenger fares represent 7% of the authority's operating revenue. Other sources of funding include local property taxes, federal and state operating assistance, and purchase-of-service agreements.
Bus drivers, maintenance staff, and customer service agents at the TheRide are union members, represented by Local 171 of the Transport Workers Union of America.
The AAATA is the designated authority for the proposed Ann Arbor-Howell commuter rail line.