OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Community Radiative Transfer Model

The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is a fast radiative transfer model for calculations of radiances for satellite infrared or microwave radiometers.
Given an atmospheric profile of temperature, variable gas concentrations, cloud and surface properties CRTM calculates radiances and brightness temperatures. The only mandatory inputs in terms of variable gases are water vapor and ozone. The range of temperatures and water vapour concentrations over which the optical depth computations are valid depends on the training datasets which were used.
CRTM contains forward, tangent linear, adjoint and K (full Jacobian matrices) versions of the model; the latter three modules are used in inversion methods, including variational assimilation and satellite retrievals.
The CRTM model is used primarily in numerical weather prediction codes employed by NOAA and NASA, and is developed and maintained through the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). Its primary function is to relate changes in satellite-based observations to changes in the model physical state. This capability is essential to the use of satellite observations in data assimilation methodologies. One of several applications of CRTM are retrievals of brightness temperature and sea surface temperature from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer sensor, among many other infrared and microwave sensors.
# Łabiszynek

Łabiszynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gniezno, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Gniezno and 49 km (30 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Killarga

Killarga or Killargue (Irish: Cill Fhearga) is a small village in County Leitrim, Ireland. Killarga is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.
Killarga is an ancient place of pilgrimage and was attached to a religious settlement, Cill Fhearga, which according to the Annals of the Four Masters was founded by a holy woman, St Fearga, as early as the 6th century. There is a holy well named Tobar Mhuire, a 19th-century lime kiln on the way into it, a Teach Allais (ancient Irish sweat house) and other historical ruins in the area. Nearby is O'Donnell's Rock which is named after Aodh Rua Ó Dónaill.
The village has a school (Saint Brigid's National School), a post office, a community hall, a shop and a pub.
# Ione Roseveare

Ione Roseveare (née Katherine Ione Jay) (9 November 1920, Weobley – 24 September 2010, Uppingham) was a Temporary Junior Administrative Officer at Hut 6, Bletchley Park. She met her husband Bob Roseveare while working there.
Ione was studying for licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music in Bristol in 1941. However she was evacuated to Wells, Somerset. Here she was interviewed by Gordon Welchman, who was recruiting for Bletchley Park.
In 2005 she contributed a chapter "Memories of Bletchley Park 1941-5" to a local history volume in Uppingham, Rutland, UK.
# Balthazar Frederik Mühlenfels

Balthazar Frederik (von) Mühlenfels (died 5 September 1807) was a German-Danish colonial administrator and architect. He served as Governor of Saint Thomas and Saint John in the Danish West Indies from 1796 to 1800 and as Governor-General of the Danish West Indies from 1803 to 1807.

## Biography

Mühlenfels was born in Stetin. His year of birth is unknown. He was the son of dismissed infantry lieutenant Gustav Fridrich Mühlenfels. He became a cadet in 1766, a page in 1772 and was appointed the same year as junior lieutenant. In 1780, he became a senior lieutenant in the Falster Regiment on Foot. On 30 December 1785, on application, due to a "weak chest", he was dismissed with the rank of captain.
He then went to the Danish West Indies, where he was acting surveyor in 1786- In 1791, he was appointed as surveyor and building inspector on the islands. On 6 May 1795 he became deputy commander at Saint Thomas and Saint John with rank of lieutenant colonel. On 7 September 1796, he succeeded Thomas de Malville as commandant of the islands. In 1799 he advanced to deputy governor with rank of colonel. The government commission which was sent to the Danish West Indies on the surrender of the islands to the British in 1801 found him to have fully done his duty under the difficult circumstances, and at the same time as the commission was dissolved, on 27 October 1802, he was appointed to Governor-General with the rank of Major General.
In May 1807 he travelled with permission to Europe to recuperate in a colder climate, but already on 5 September he died in Heiligenhafen. In 1775 he had been naturalised as a Danish subject, but he could not provide any proof of his alleged background as foreign nobility.
Mühlenfels is generally described as "not a particularly significant governor-general". If he has nevertheless left significant traces in the Danish West Indies, it is due to his work as an architect. Arguably, he is one of the architects who created the classic Danish-West Indian building style that can still be seen on the islands today. He was very active in the rebuilding of Charlotta Amalia after the devastating fire of 1804.
# ECC

ECC may refer to:

## Education

* ECC (eikaiwa), a Japanese English teaching company
* Eastern Christian College, in Bel Air, Maryland, United States; defunct
* El Camino College, in Alondra Park, California, United States
* Elgin Community College, in Illinois, United States
* Erie Community College, in Williamsville, New York, United States
* Essex County College, in New Jersey, United States
* Eveland Christian College, in San Mateo, Isabela
* Ewing Christian College, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

## Government and politics

* Economic Coordination Committee (Pakistan), of the Government of Pakistan
* End Conscription Campaign, a former South African anti-apartheid organization
* European civil code
* European Commodity Clearing, the energy clearing house for the European Energy Exchange
* Electronic Communications Committee of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
* Electronic Communications Convention, a treaty aiming at facilitating the use of electronic communications in international trade
* European Cryptologic Center of the United States National Security Agency

## Music

* Eastern Conference Champions, an American indie rock band
* Eugene Concert Choir, an American choir
* The Evolution Control Committee, an American experimental music band

## Religion

* Ecclesiastes, a book of the Hebrew Bible
* Ecumenical Catholic Church, US
* Ecumenical Catholic Communion, US
* Ecumenical Christian Centre, in Bengaluru, India
* Evangelical Covenant Church, North America

## Sports

* East Central Conference (IHSAA), an athletic conference from 1947 to 1969 in Eastern Indiana
* East Coast Conference (Division I), a former US NCAA Division I athletics conference
* East Coast Conference, a US NCAA Division II athletics conference
* ECC Antwerp, an indoor tennis tournament
* Empire Junior College Conference, a defunct US junior college athletic conference, also known as the Empire College Conference
* European Challenge Cup, a rugby union competition
* European Champions Cup (disambiguation)
* European Cricket Council, an international body in cricket

## Science and technology

* 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3’,4’-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, a resin with industrial applications
* Early childhood caries, a tooth disease in children
* Elliptic-curve cryptography, a public-key cryptography algorithm
* Endocervical curettage, a medical procedure
* Engineered cementitious composite, a.k.a. bendable concrete
* Error correction code
** ECC memory, a type of computer memory
* Exchange coupled composite media
* SAP ECC, enterprise resource planning software

## Transport

* Crossair Europe, a defunct French airline
* Eccles railway station, Manchester, England (National Rail station code)
* Electric Car Corporation, a British seller of electric cars
* Volvo ECC, a concept car
* A class designation for Reading electric multiple units

## Other uses

* Electronic Check Council, an American industry association
* English China Clays, an English mining company
* Emergency control centre, or emergency communications centre
# Adadara

Adadara is a village in Ankleshwar division, Bharuch district, Gujarat, India. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 478 people in 96 families.
# Łagiewniki, Gmina Suchy Las

Łagiewniki is a former village in the administrative district of Gmina Suchy Las, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
The site of the village is now within the area of the military training ground centred on Biedrusko.
# WNES

WNES (1050 AM) is a classic country-formatted radio station that is licensed to and located in Central City, Kentucky, United States. The station is currently owned by Starlight Broadcasting Co., Inc.
The station's studio (shared with sister station WKYA) and transmitter is located on Everly Brothers Boulevard (U.S. Highway 62) near the Western Kentucky Parkway underpass southwest of Central City.

## History

On September 8, 1954, Muhlenberg Broadcasting Company was granted a construction permit by the FCC. The station began broadcasting on January 1, 1955, as the first radio station to broadcast in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. The station was a 500 watt daytime-only station broadcasting at 1600 kilocycles. In December 1956, the station launched its FM companion, WNES-FM (101.9 FM, now WEKV),$^{:98}$ and would simulcast its AM programming on that station until 1980, when the FM became a separate entity. WNES reallocated to its current frequency of 1050 kilocycles in August 1960.$^{:98}$
In March 2013, the station's owner, Starlight Broadcasting, was renamed Radio Active Media, Inc. The station's programming was simulcast on the FM dial via WNES-FM (now WEKV) from that station's 1956 inception until December 1981. In September 2014, the FM simulcast of WNES returned when the station launched a Class D low-power FM translator, W284AO, broadcasting a frequency of 104.7 megahertz with 250 watts of power.

## Coverage area

The station's daytime signal covers Muhlenberg and surrounding counties, plus the Owensboro and Henderson area. Its nighttime signal coverage is greatly reduced to avoid co-frequency interference with other AM 1050 stations. W284AO's signal covers all of Muhlenberg County, along with portions of its neighboring counties.
# Bayrakli Mosque, Samokov

Bayrakli Mosque (Bulgarian: Байракли джамия), also known as Yokush Mosque (Bulgarian: Йокуш джамия) is a historical mosque in Samokov, Bulgaria, constructed in 1845.

## History

The mosque was built by Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha, who, according to the legend, ordered to erect both a cross and a crescent on the dome of the mosque. In 1966, the mosque was extensively restored. The restoration project was carried out by architect Nikola Mushanov.

## Architecture

The prayer hall of the mosque is rectangular (almost square) with the size of 14 metres (46 ft) times 14.5 metres (48 ft). The women's prayer area is located on the balcony. The dome is built on four wooden columns. Frescoes with floral motives were painted over in the 19th century and uncovered during the restoration in 1966. There is one tall minaret next to the building.

## Decoration

* Interior of Bayrakli Mosque, Samokov, the prayer hall
* Interior of Bayrakli Mosque, Samokov, Dome decoration
# Dříteň

Dříteň (German: Zirnau) is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,700 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Dříteň consists of nine municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Dříteň (876)
* Chvalešovice (156)
* Libív (18)
* Malešice (130)
* Radomilice (67)
* Strachovice (69)
* Velice (145)
* Záblatí (104)
* Záblatíčko (68)

## Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Dříten/Dřieten, meaning "Dříten's (court)".

## Geography

Dříteň is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of České Budějovice. Most of the municipal territory lies in the České Budějovice Basin, but the eastern part extends into the Tábor Uplands and includes the highest point of Protivín, the Pakostov hill at 529 m (1,736 ft) above sea level. The territory of Dříteň is rich in fishponds and streams.

## History

The first written mention of Dříteň is from 1432.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 2,348 | — |
| 1880 | 2,451 | +4.4% |
| 1890 | 2,445 | −0.2% |
| 1900 | 2,436 | −0.4% |
| 1910 | 2,502 | +2.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,507 | +0.2% |
| 1930 | 2,328 | −7.1% |
| 1950 | 1,756 | −24.6% |
| 1961 | 1,661 | −5.4% |
| 1970 | 1,381 | −16.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,263 | −8.5% |
| 1991 | 1,167 | −7.6% |
| 2001 | 1,294 | +10.9% |
| 2011 | 1,522 | +17.6% |
| 2021 | 1,633 | +7.3% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The village of Záblatíčko is located on the railway line České Budějovice–Strakonice.

## Sights

The Dříteň Castle was built 1668–1674. It was created by the reconstruction of a burnt fortress from the 15th century. Since 2020, it has been used as the municipal office and post office.
The Church of Saint Dismas was built in 1691. In 1748–1760, it was rebuilt in the Baroque style.
# George Wyllys

George Wyllys or Wyllis (1590 – 9 March 1645) served for a year (1642–1643) as one of the early governors of the Connecticut Colony.
Born at the manor of Fenny Compton in Warwickshire, England, to Richard and Hester (Chambers) Willis, part of an old, wealthy family. He attended several universities, "but biographers make no mention of him graduating," according to an online biographical sketch of Wyllys at the Connecticut State Library and Museum Web site.
He may well have become a Puritan in his university years.
He married Bridget Yonge/Young on 2 November 1609 at the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-on-Avon. They had three children before she died in 1629. In 1631 he married again, this time to Mrs. Mary Brisbey. They had one son.
The family emigrated to New England in the early 1630s. By 1634, Wyllys had been appointed an Assistant to the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
In 1636, Wyllys sent his steward, William Gibbons, to Hartford along with 20 domestics and indentured servants in order to buy land and oversee construction of a house. That house was the largest home of any of Hartford's early settlers and one of the largest in Connecticut. The famous Charter Oak stood on the property.
The same street contained the homes of future Governors Wyllys, Webster, Welles, and Hopkins and was called Governor Street until, much later, its name was changed to Popieluszko Court.
It was not until 1638 that the Wyllys family arrived in Hartford. He was soon elected as one of six Assistants to the General Court in 1639–41. He became deputy governor of the colony in 1641 and in 1642 he served a year as governor. In 1643 and 1644 he again served as an Assistant to the General Court.
Rumors that the Narragansetts would form an alliance with several other tribes to destroy the English settlers prompted Wyllys and the General Court to send two delegates to a meeting in Boston which later resulted in the Articles of Confederation between the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, New Haven, and Connecticut, a compact to provide cooperation in defense of the colonies.
In December 1642, the General Court passed the colony's first penal code, which named 12 capital crimes.
After his term as governor expired, Wyllys was chosen to be a Commissioner from Connecticut to The United Colonies of New England in 1643.
On his death in Hartford on March 9, 1644/5, his estate, which included slaves, was the largest in the colony until 1680. No portrait of him is known to exist.
Wyllys' home in Hartford was torn down in 1827. He is buried in the Hartford's Ancient Burying Ground, and his name appears on the Founders Monument. Wyllys Street in Hartford is named after him. One of his direct descendants was Frank Lloyd Wright.
# AMD K6

The K6 microprocessor was launched by AMD in 1997. The main advantage of this particular microprocessor is that it was designed to fit into existing desktop designs for Pentium-branded CPUs. It was marketed as a product that could perform as well as its Intel Pentium II equivalent but at a significantly lower price. The K6 had a considerable impact on the PC market and presented Intel with serious competition.

## Background

The AMD K6 is a superscalar P5 Pentium-class microprocessor, manufactured by AMD, which superseded the K5.
The AMD K6 is based on the Nx686 microprocessor that NexGen was designing when it was acquired by AMD. Despite the name implying a design evolving from the K5, it is in fact a totally different design that was created by the NexGen team, including chief processor architect Greg Favor, and adapted after the AMD purchase. The K6 processor included a feedback dynamic instruction reordering mechanism, MMX instructions, and a floating-point unit (FPU). It was also made pin-compatible with Intel's Pentium, enabling it to be used in the widely available "Socket 7"-based motherboards. Like the AMD K5, Nx586, and Nx686 before it, the K6 translated x86 instructions on the fly into dynamic buffered sequences of micro-operations. A later variation of the K6 CPU, K6-2, added floating-point-based SIMD instructions, called 3DNow!.
The K6 was originally launched in April 1997, running at speeds of 166 and 200 MHz. It was followed by a 233 MHz version later in 1997. Initially, the AMD K6 processors used a Pentium II-based performance rating (PR2) to designate their speed. The PR2 rating was dropped because the rated frequency of the processor was the same as the real frequency. The release of the 266 MHz version of this chip was not until the second quarter of 1998, when AMD was able to move to the 0.25-micrometre manufacturing process. The lower voltage and higher multiplier of the K6-266 meant that it was not fully compatible with some Socket 7 motherboards, similar to the later K6-2 processors. The final iteration of the K6 design was released in May 1998, running at 300 MHz.
* A delidded AMD K6 processor
* Die shot of an AMD K6-233APR processor

## Features

* Seven execution units specialized in parallelized instructions
* x86 Decoders that translate x86 Assembly to RISC86 instructions
* IEEE 1149.1 Boundary Scan
* Speculative execution optimization
* Out of Order execution
* Register Renaming

## Models
### K6 (Model 6)

* 8.8 million transistors in 350 nm
* L1-Cache: 32 + 32 KB (data + instructions)
* MMX
* Socket 7
* Front side bus: 66 MHz
* First release: April 2, 1997
* VCore: 2.9 V (166/200) 3.2/3.3 V (233)
* Clockrate: 166, 200, 233 MHz

### K6 "Little Foot" (Model 7)

* CPUID: family 5, model 7, stepping 0
* 8.8 million transistors in 250 nm
* L1-Cache: 32 + 32 KB (data + instructions)
* MMX
* Socket 7
* Front side bus: 66 MHz
* First release: January 6, 1998
* VCore: 2.2 V
* Clockrate: 200, 233, 266, 300 MHz

## Successor

The K6 line was updated with SIMD instructions (Branded as AMD 3DNow!) to create the K6-2 line of microprocessors.
# Łagiewniki, Poznań County

Łagiewniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pobiedziska, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Marie-Louise Bertschinger

Marie-Louise Bertschinger (born 1909 or 1910) was a Swiss humanitarian who worked in Ethiopia. She was stabbed to death in November 1970 and posthumously awarded the Nansen Refugee Award in 1976.

## Career and death

Bertschinger was a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees official, based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Bertschinger was stabbed while working at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees offices on the 19th November 1970, and died on November 23 1970 from the knife wounds she sustained. She was 60 at the time of her death.

## Legacy

She was posthumously awarded the Nansen Refugee Award in 1976.
# Honey Creek (Platte River tributary)

Honey Creek is a stream in Taylor County, Iowa and Nodaway County, Missouri in the United States. It is a tributary of Platte River.
The stream headwaters are at 40°48′31″N 94°29′24″W﻿ / ﻿40.80861°N 94.49000°W﻿ / 40.80861; -94.49000 and the confluence with the Platte is at 40°21′19″N 94°41′16″W﻿ / ﻿40.35528°N 94.68778°W﻿ / 40.35528; -94.68778. There are three named direct tributaries: Morgan Branch, Hog Branch, and Fox Branch.
Honey Creek was so named on account of honeybees near its course.
# Atomic electron transition

In atomic physics and chemistry, an atomic electron transition (also called an atomic transition, quantum jump, or quantum leap) is an electron changing from one energy level to another within an atom or artificial atom. The time scale of a quantum jump has not been measured experimentally. However, the Franck–Condon principle binds the upper limit of this parameter to the order of attoseconds.
Electrons can relax into states of lower energy by emitting electromagnetic radiation in the form of a photon. Electrons can also absorb passing photons, which excites the electron into a state of higher energy. The larger the energy separation between the electron's initial and final state, the shorter the photons' wavelength.

## History

Danish physicist Niels Bohr first theorized that electrons can perform quantum jumps in 1913. Soon after, James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz proved experimentally that atoms have quantized energy states.
The observability of quantum jumps was predicted by Hans Dehmelt in 1975, and they were first observed using trapped ions of barium at University of Hamburg and mercury at NIST in 1986.

## Theory

An atom interacts with the oscillating electric field:
with amplitude $|{\textbf {E}}_{0}|$, angular frequency $\omega$, and polarization vector ${\hat {\textbf {e}}}_{\mathrm {rad} }$. Note that the actual phase is $(\omega t-{\textbf {k}}\cdot {\textbf {r}})$. However, in many cases, the variation of ${\textbf {k}}\cdot {\textbf {r}}$ is small over the atom (or equivalently, the radiation wavelength is much greater than the size of an atom) and this term can be ignored. This is called the dipole approximation. The atom can also interact with the oscillating magnetic field produced by the radiation, although much more weakly.
The Hamiltonian for this interaction, analogous to the energy of a classical dipole in an electric field, is $H_{I}=e{\textbf {r}}\cdot {\textbf {E}}(t)$. The stimulated transition rate can be calculated using time-dependent perturbation theory; however, the result can be summarized using Fermi's golden rule: $Rate\propto |eE_{0}|^{2}\times |\langle 2|{\textbf {r}}\cdot {\hat {\textbf {e}}}_{\mathrm {rad} }|1\rangle |^{2}$ The dipole matrix element can be decomposed into the product of the radial integral and the angular integral. The angular integral is zero unless the selection rules for the atomic transition are satisfied.

## Recent discoveries

In 2019, it was demonstrated in an experiment with a superconducting artificial atom consisting of two strongly-hybridized transmon qubits placed inside a readout resonator cavity at 15 mK, that the evolution of some jumps is continuous, coherent, deterministic, and reversible. On the other hand, other quantum jumps are inherently unpredictable.