OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Petit gâteau

A petit gâteau (lit. 'small cake'; plural: petits gâteaux) is a French chocolate dessert. In French-speaking countries a dessert of a petit gâteau with chocolate is referred to as fondant.
In the United States, a dessert by the name petit gâteau has been popularized by some New York City restaurants since the 1990s. It is composed of a small chocolate cake with crunchy rind and creamy filling that is conventionally served hot with vanilla ice cream on the side. Variations have come to include fruits and even alcoholic beverages, such as whisky.

## Origin

The chef Olivier Anquier once said that nobody knows how it came about. Although some stories say that the petit gâteau was born in France, there are those who say that it was created by chance by the French chef based in New York, Jean-Georges Vongerichten, when he made a mistake with the amount of flour. Another version says that this chocolate cookie with a crunchy shell and creamy filling was created in the United States when an apprentice chef overheated the oven. Customers loved it and it became popular in the 1990s, arriving in Brazil around 1996. Others say it was created by French chef Michel Bras in a small, hidden restaurant in France and adapted and brought to Brazil by chef Érick Jacquin, a Frenchman who settled in São Paulo.
# Hammud al-Shufi

Hammud al-Shufi (Arabic: حمود الشوفي) was a Syrian politician, and is mostly known for his short stint as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in the early-to-mid 1960s.

## Life

Little is known about Shufi's before his election as Head of the Organization Bureau of the party's Regional Command in March 1963. He came from al-Suwayda, a Druze city. In al-Suwayda Shufi worked as a school teacher. From the dissolution of the Syrian Regional Branch by Aflaq and al-Bitar in 1958 to its resurrection in 1962, Shufi was able to keep the Suwayda Ba'ath branch alive with vigor. He became known as a somewhat local firebrand. As a thinker he was inspired leftist Ba'athists Ali Salih al-Sa'di and Yasin al-Hafiz.
At the time of his appointment to the post of Head of the Organization Bureau, Shufi was 36 years of age. He was appointed to head the Organization Bureau because Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar, the party's leaders, believed him to be one of their loyal followers. On his and Nureddin al-Atassi appointment to the National Council for the Revolutionary Command, Sami al-Jundi wrote derogatorily "... and so two reverent disciples join the Council ... ready to please the master [Aflaq] and please his will". However, Shufi was devoid of any reverence to the party's leaders and would become the leader of the party's Marxist faction. On the Regional Command, in which he was elected to in March 1963, Shufi and his followers became allied to the Military Committee faction, a faction staunchly opposed to Aflaq's and al-Bitar's leadership.
The 1st Regional Congress (held in September 1963) elected Shufi as Regional Secretary of the Syrian Regional Branch and its Regional Command. The Military Committee submitted a report to the 2nd Regional Congress in which it accused Shufi of the electoral irregularities and the factionalism which took place during 1st Regional Congress because of his position as Organization Bureau head. At the 6th National Congress Shufi, alongside al-Sadi from Iraq, dominated procedures. Aflaq was barely able to hold on to his position as Secretary General, while al-Bitar was not reelected to the National Command. When the Iraqi Ba'athists were ousted from power in 1963, the party's Marxist faction were blamed for the disaster. Shufi and his supporters were expelled from the Ba'ath Party by the Extraordinary Regional and National Congresses (held in February 1964).
Shufi would not play an important role in national politics again until after the Corrective Movement in which Hafez al-Assad came to power. He served for a short while as Syria's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, resigning from his post on 27 December 1979. Three years later, in New York City, United States in 1982, Shufi announced the establishment of a government-in-exile, called the National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria (NALS). NALS had 20 members, which included the Muslim Brootherhood. The organization opposed what it considered the anti-democratic government in Syria.
# Harold Luntz

Harold Luntz AO (25 February 1937 – 29 January 2025) was an Australian law professor. He was widely acknowledged as one of Australia's leading experts on torts law.

## Life and career

Luntz was educated at Athlone Boys' High School in Johannesburg and graduated from the University of Witwatersrand with degrees in arts and law. He served three years’ articles of clerkship at the same time as undertaking his law degree. In 1960, he was employed for a brief period as a solicitor in a firm of solicitors in Johannesburg and then took at Bachelor of Civil Law at Lincoln College, University of Oxford. He began publishing in academic journals in the early 1960s. Some of his appointments:
* 1970 – Visiting Associate Professor at Queen's University in Ontario, Canada.
* 1971 – Visiting Professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
* 1976 – Professor, University of Melbourne.
* 1986–88 – Dean of the Law Faculty, University of Melbourne.
* Visiting Fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford.
* 1993–1998 – Deputy Chair, Seafarers Rehabilitation and Compensation Authority.
* 1967–1984 – Secretary, Victorian Chief Justice's Law Reform Committee.
He was a founder and long-term editor of the Australian Torts Law Journal. He wrote a text in 1974 that saw its fifth edition in 2008 ('Assessment of Damages for Personal Injury and Death'). This text is widely quoted in the highest courts of Australia, as well as England, Canada and the United States.
Long after officially retiring from University work, he continued to maintain an office, teach, write essays and mark exams. The Harold Luntz Graduate Rearch Thesis Prize, named in honour, is awarded annually to the Melbourne Law School graduate research student judged to have presented the best thesis in the previous year.
Despite being an expert on negligence, he was a leading advocate of 'tort law reform' policy, that would replace the law of negligence with a no-fault compensation scheme, and/or provide such adequate social welfare that the awarding of damages becomes unnecessary.
He remained one of the world's foremost scholars and theoreticians of torts and damages law. On Australia Day (the 26th of January), he was awarded an AO for "distinguished service to legal education, as an academic and editor, to professional development, and to the community."
Luntz died on 29 January 2025, at the age of 87.
# Newtown Creek (Neshaminy Creek tributary)

Newtown Creek is a tributary, rising near Stoop Road in Newtown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Delaware River watershed and is located entirely in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The Newtown Creek Bridge over Centre Avenue was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

## Statistics

Newtown Creek rises near Stoopville Road east of Pennsylvania Route 413, flows generally in a southerly direction to its confluence at the Neshaminy Creek's 16.1 river mile passing along the western side of Newtown Borough. Its watershed is approximately 6.29 square miles (16.3 km$^2$).

## Tributaries

Newtown Creek has one unnamed tributary on the left bank near Wright's Road.

## Geology

* Appalachian Highlands Division
** Piedmont Province
*** Gettysburg-Newark Lowland Section
**** Lockatong Formation
Newtown Creek rises in the Lockatong Formation, sedimentary rock deposited during the Upper Triassic. Mineralogy includes argillite, shale, some limestone and calcareous shale.

## Municipalities

* Middletown Township
* Newtown Township
* Newtown Borough

## Crossings and Bridges

| Crossing | NBI Number | Length | Lanes | Spans | Material/Design | Built | Reconstructed | Latitude | Longitude |
| Pennsylvania Route 532 (Newtown Bypass) | 7003 | 9 metres (30 ft) | 2 | 1 | Steel culvert | 1974 | | 40°13'6"N | 74°56'24"W |
| Barclay Street | 7510 | 11 metres (36 ft) | 1 | 1 | Steel stringer/multi-beam or girder | 1917 | 2007 | 40°13'19.2"N | 74°56'17.8"W |
| West Centre Avenue | 7289 | 10 metres (33 ft) | 2 | 2 | Masonry arch-deck | 1796 | 1875 | 40°13'40.4"N | 74°56'18"W |
| West Washington Avenue | | 17 metres (56 ft) | 2 | 1 | Steel girder or floorbeam system | 1903 | 1996 | 40°13'45.8"W | 74°56'16.3"W |
| Jefferson Street | 7282 | 22 metres (72 ft) | 2 | 1 | Steel girder or floorbeam system | 1903 | 1996 | 40°14'0"N | 74°56'12"W |
| Pennsylvania Route 532 (Washington Crossing Road) | 7050 | 12 metres (39 ft) | 2 | 1 | Prestressed concrete box beam or girders | 1967 | | 40°14'32.6"N | 74°56'2"W |
| Wrights Road | 7517 | 12 metres (39 ft) | 2 | 1 | Prestressed concrete box beam or girders-multiple | 1983 | | 40°15'18"N | 74°56'18"W |
| Eagle Road | | | | | | | | | |
| South Drive | | | | | | | | | |
| North Drive | | | | | | | | | |
| Stoopville Road | | | | | | | | | |
# Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations

This is a list of the Permanent Representatives of the United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations. The current office holder is Modest Jonathan Mero.

## List

| № | Permanent Representative | Years Served | United Nations Secretary-General |
| 1 | Vedast Kyaruzi | 1962 January–July | U Thant |
| 2 | A. Z. Nsilo Swai | 1962 July–December | U Thant |
| 3 | Erasto A. M. Mang'enya | 1963-1964 | U Thant |
| 4 | John Malecela | 1964-1968 | U Thant |
| 5 | Akili B.C. Daniel | 1968-1970 | U Thant |
| 6 | Salim Ahmed Salim | 1970-1972 | U Thant |
| 6 | Salim Ahmed Salim | 1972-1980 | Kurt Waldheim |
| 7 | Paul Milyango Rupia | 1981-1982 | Kurt Waldheim |
| 7 | Paul Milyango Rupia | 1982-1984 | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar |
| 8 | Muhammed Ali Foum | 1984-1986 | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar |
| 9 | Wilbert Kumalija Chagula | 1986-1989 | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar |
| 10 | Anthony B. Nyakyi | 1989-1992 | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar |
| 10 | Anthony B. Nyakyi | 1992-1994 | Boutros Boutros-Ghali |
| 11 | Daudi N. Mwakawago | 1994-1997 | Boutros Boutros-Ghali |
| 11 | Daudi N. Mwakawago | 1997-2003 | Kofi Annan |
| 12 | Augustine Mahiga | 2003-2007 | Kofi Annan |
| 12 | Augustine Mahiga | 2007-2010 | Ban Ki-moon |
| 13 | Ombeni Sefue | 2010-2012 | Ban Ki-moon |
| 14 | Tuvako Manongi | 2012-2017 | Ban Ki-moon |
| 15 | Modest Jonathan Mero | 2017 -2023 | António Guterres |
| 16 | Abdallah Saleh Possi | 2023 - present | António Guterres |
# Nine Mile Creek (Minnesota River tributary)

Nine Mile Creek is a stream in Hennepin County, Minnesota, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Minnesota River.
Nine Mile Creek was named from its distance, nine miles (14 km) southwest of Fort Snelling where it crosses the (Old) Shakopee Road.
# Vedastus Kyalakishaija Kyaruzi

Vedastus Kyalakishaija Kyaruzi (1921-2012) was a Tanzanian diplomat and politician.
He attended the University of Edinburgh in which he was awarded a Diploma in Public health, and in 1964 he was admitted (in absentia) a Member qua Physician of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.
* He played an active role in Tanganyika African Association and the formation of Tanganyika African National Union (TANU).
* From 1949 to 1961, he was government medical officer.
* From 1950 to 1951, he was president of the Tanganyika African Association, before giving him the seat to Julius Nyerere, and was posted to Kingolwira Prison Hospital near Morogoro then to the even more remote Nzega.
* From 1961 to July 1962, he was the first Tanganyikan Permanent Representative to the United Nations.
* From 1962 to 1963, after independence he was Permanent Secretary, External Affairs and Defence.
* From 1963 to 1969, he was UNICEF director for Africa south of Sahara.
# Catherine Fulton

Catherine Henrietta Elliot Fulton (née Valpy, 19 December 1829 – 6 May 1919) was a New Zealand diarist, community leader, philanthropist, social reformer and suffragist. She was a founding member of the Dunedin chapter of Women's Christian Temperance Union of New Zealand (WCTU NZ) in 1885 and national president of the WCTU NZ from 1889 to 1892.

## Early life

Fulton was one of six children born to William Henry Valpy and Caroline Valpy (née Jeffreys). She was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire or in Reading, Berkshire, England on 19 December 1829. She was educated in England and arrived in New Zealand on the Ajax in January 1849.

## Marriage and children

Fulton married James Fulton in 1852 and moved to his farm "Ravenscliffe" on the Taieri Plains, Otago. Together they had eight children:
* Arthur Robert William Fulton (1853–1889)
* James Edward Fulton (1854–1928)
* Francis John Fulton (1856–1874)
* Caroline Arabella Fulton (1859–1929)
* Herbert Valpy Fulton (1861–1927)
* Catherine Juliet Fulton Sutherland (1862–1946)
* Robert Valpy Fulton (1865–1924)
* Mabel Violet Fulton Barnett (1866–1958)
The Fultons hosted Presbyterian church services in their house in the early days, and Catherine Fulton taught Sunday school and Bible classes.

## Public life

Fulton was the national President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) of New Zealand from 1889 to 1892. She had worked with the American WCTU missionary Mary C. Leavitt to found the Dunedin branch in May 1885 and was its first President. At the first national convention of the WCTU NZ in 1886, Fulton announced that the Dunedin Union had opened the Leavitt House (the former Star and Garter Hotel) to offer a meeting place for their activities with youth who had signed the temperance pledge. Under the leadership of Mrs. McKenzie they had recruited nearly 400 children. They provided after-school activities, including scientific temperance instruction and Bible reading classes. They offered evening classes in cooking, sewing, and carpentry as well as a club for boys.
Along with her sisters Ellen and Arabella, she established the Band of Hope Coffee Rooms. She was a strong advocate for women's suffrage and included in her diaries her frustration with politicians who opposed it.
In 1879, James Fulton was elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1889 was appointed to the Legislative Council. He presented to the Upper House a WCTU NZ petition for Women's Franchise that his wife had organised in 1891 - over 10,000 signatures. Catherine Fulton attended the council sessions daily, along with the wives of other parliamentarians, to follow the passage of the Women's Suffrage bill through Parliament, but it failed that year. When the newly amended Electoral Bill was passed in 1893, she drove her women neighbours to the polling booths so they could vote.
After her husband died in 1891, she continued to run the farm alone. Aged 90, she died on 6 May 1919 and was survived by three sons and three daughters.
# Erasto Andrew Mbwana Mang'enya

Erasto Andrew Mbwana Mang'enya (April 17, 1915 – date of death missing) was a Tanganyikan/Tanzanian diplomat and politician.
* He was a chief of the Bondei people, from the Usambara Mountains in north – eastern Tanzania. Before becoming chief of the Bondei, Mang’enya was head teacher at Old Moshi Secondary School. He was, one of the earliest Tanganikans to receive a university degree, had a strong involvement with Bondei nationalism in the late fifties, yet was successfully able to rewrite his life history to make an accommodation with Tanganyikan nationalism, downplaying the ethnic component in favour of his role within the civil service
* In 1938 he entered Tanganyika's Department of Education, a fore-runner of Tanzania's Ministry of Education, and worked at the following Secondary Schools:
* 1938—1943 Malangali;
* 1943—1947 Moshi;
* 1947—1952 Tanga;
* 1953–1957 Tabora;
* In 1958 he taught at Songea Secondary School.
* At the end of 1958, Mang'enya was elected Mtema (Chief) of the Wabondei of Muheza District.
* In 1960 he entered Parliament on Tanganyika African National Union Party ticket and was elected Deputy Speaker.
* In 1962 he was appointed Junior Minister in the Ministry of Communications, Power & Works of the Government of newly independent Tanganyika.
* In 1963 he was transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was sent to New York as Tanganyika's Chief Delegate at the United Nations.
* From April 17, 1963 to 1964 he was permanent representative to the United Nations.
* From 1964 to 1965 he was minister of community development and national culture.
* In 1965 he became the first Chairman of the Tanzania's Permanent Commission of Enquiry (Ombudsman).
* In 1970 he was appointed Chairman of the Tribunal that heard appeals on Acquired Buildings.
* In 1972 he became again Chairman of the Permanent Commission of Enquiry.
* As a Chairman, he visited Australia, New Zealand and Israel.
* In 1967 he travelled to the Scandinavian countries, East Germany and visited the Soviet Union.
He was the Speaker of the National Assembly from November 1973 to November 1975.
# No Business Branch

No Business Branch is a stream in the U.S. state of Kentucky.
No Business Branch was so named by moonshiners as a warning to would-be visitors they had "no business" being there.
# Taczanów Drugi

Taczanów Drugi is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pleszew, within Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Pleszew and 85 km (53 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Jay Valai

Jay Valai is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the assistant head coach for defense, co-defensive coordinator, and pass defense coach at the University of Oklahoma.

## Playing career

Valai was a four-year letter winner at Wisconsin as a defensive back where he served as a captain in 2010. He earned second team All-Big Ten (coaches) honors in 2008 and 2009. He totaled 153 tackles, four forced fumbles and a pair of interceptions in 48 career games.

## Coaching career
### Early Coaching Career

Jay began his coaching career at Georgia as a defensive quality control coach, where he served in that position in 2016 and 2017. In 2018 he went to the NFL and coached under Andy Reid with the Chiefs as a defensive quality control coach. In 2019 he returned to the college ranks as the cornerbacks coach for Rutgers. In 2020 he went to his home state of Texas becoming the Longhorns cornerbacks coach.

### Alabama

After Texas fired Tom Herman, Valai left the program and on January 20, 2021, he was announced as Houston's cornerbacks coach. However he would change his mind and on February 1 the Philadelphia Eagles announced that they hired Valai as cornerbacks coach for the inaugural staff for Nick Sirianni. However twelve days later Alabama announced that they hired Valai as the team's cornerbacks coach.

### Oklahoma

On January 11, 2022, Valai would move schools once again and become the co-defensive coordinator for Oklahoma.

## Personal life

Valai and his wife Courtney have two daughters and a son.
# Kona giant looper moth

The Kona giant looper moth (Scotorythra megalophylla) is an extinct species of moth in the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1899. It was endemic to Hawaii.
This species had a wingspan of about three inches (8 cm), and was the second largest endemic moth in Hawaii, surpassed only by the still-extant Blackburn's sphinx (Manduca blackburni).

## Sources

* ↑ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Scotorythra megalophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T20074A9144387. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T20074A9144387.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
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# Guðmundsson

Guðmundsson is an Icelandic patronym, meaning son of Guðmundur. The name may refer to:
* Ágúst Guðmundsson (born 1947), Icelandic film director
* Albert Guðmundsson (disambiguation)
* Ari Guðmundsson (1927–2003), Icelandic Olympic ski jumper
* Arinbjörn Guðmundsson (1932–2014), Icelandic chess master
* Birkir Ívar Guðmundsson (contemporary), Icelandic professional handball player
* Björgólfur Guðmundsson (1941–2025), Icelandic billionaire businessman
* Björn Hjörtur Guðmundsson (1911–1998), Icelandic master carpenter and environmental pioneer
* Böðvar Guðmundsson (born 1939), Icelandic author, playwright, and poet
* Einar Már Guðmundsson (born 1954), Icelandic author and poet
* Guðmundur Guðmundsson (chess player) (1918–1974), Icelandic chess player
* Guðmundur Guðmundsson (handballer) (born 1960), Icelandic professional handball coach
* Guðmundur Guðmundsson (Mormon) (1825–1883), Icelandic Mormon missionary
* Guðmundur Ívarsson Guðmundsson (1909–1987), Icelandic politician and minister
* Haraldur Freyr Guðmundsson (born 1981), Icelandic professional football player
* Herbert Guðmundsson (born 1953), Icelandic pop singer
* Jóhann Berg Guðmundsson (born 1990), Icelandic professional football player
* Jóhann Birnir Guðmundsson (born 1977), Icelandic professional football player
* Jón Guðmundsson (1904–1988) was an Icelandic chess player.
* Jón Axel Guðmundsson (born 1996), Icelandic basketball player.
* Jón lærði Guðmundsson (1574–1658) was an Icelandic autodidact, poet, and alleged sorcerer.
* Kristján Guðmundsson (born 1941), contemporary Icelandic conceptual artist
* Kristmann Guðmundsson (1901–1983), Icelandic novelist of romantic fiction
* Magnús Guðmundsson (1879–1937), Icelandic politician; member of the Althing 1916–1937
* Páll Guðmundsson (born 1959), Icelandic sculptor and artist
* Pétur Guðmundsson (basketball) (born 1958), Icelandic professional basketball player
* Pétur Guðmundsson (athlete) (born 1962), Icelandic shot putter
* Sigmar Guðmundsson (born 1969), Icelandic politician
* Tómas Guðmundsson (1901–1983), Icelandic author and poet; known as “Reykjavík’s poet”
* Tryggvi Guðmundsson (born 1974), Icelandic professional football player
# Desidustat

Desidustat (INN, also known as ZYAN1) is a drug for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. This drug with the brand name Oxemia is discovered and developed by Zydus Life Sciences.

## Mechanism of action

Desidustat reduces the requirement of recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) in anemia, and decreases EPO-resistance, by reducing IL-6, IL-1β, and anti-EPO antibodies.

## Clinical Trials

Clinical trials on desidustat have been done in India and Australia.

## Potential additional indications

Desidustat has been studied for use in conditions beyond anemia of chronic kidney disease, including chemotherapy-induced anemia, inflammation-induced anemia, and acute kidney injury. It is also being evaluated in clinical trials for sickle cell disease and has been suggested as a treatment for complement-mediated diseases and stroke in chronic kidney disease patients.

## Society and culture
### Regulatory approvals

The subject expert committee of CDSCO has recommended the grant of permission for manufacturing and marketing of Desidustat 25 mg and 50 mg tablets in India, based on some conditions related to package insert, phase 4 protocols, prescription details, and GCP.

### Market and commercialization

Zydus Lifesciences and Sun Pharmaceuticals have entered an agreement in October 2023 to co-market Desidustat. Sun Pharma will sell the drug as Rytstat, while Zydus will continue to sell it as Oxemia.