OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calculus bovis

Calculus bovis, niu-huang (牛黃) or cattle gallstones are dried gallstones of cattle used in Chinese herbology. In China and Japan it has been long used to treat various diseases, including high fever, convulsion and stroke.
In Asian countries, calculus bovis are sometimes harvested when steers (Bos taurus domesticus) are slaughtered. Their gall bladders are taken out, the bile is filtered, and the stones are cleaned and dried. The bezoars may also be surgically removed by veterinarians when working cattle become ill. In Western countries, they are usually discarded. Its equivalent in Hindu culture is Gorochana.
Calculus bovis have a color varying from golden yellow to brownish yellow. The shape of a stone is variable and depends on how it was formed, becoming spherical, oval, triangular, tubular, or irregular.
Since natural calculus bovis are scarce, they can be very expensive. In 2025, the leader of a gallstone trading company in Brazil reported paying between $1,700 and $4,000 an ounce which works out to a single gallstone being worth more than the meat of an entire cow.
There are artificial calculus bovis or bovis calculus artifactus used as substitutes. In China, these are manufactured from cholic acid derived from bovine bile combined with dry bovine bile powder, porcine ursodeoxycholic acid, taurine, bilirubin, cholesterol, etc. Chinese regulations forbid the use of artificial calculus bovis in 42 drugs.
Calculus bovis can be cultivated (induced) in vivo by implanting a foreign object and microbials into bovine biles.$^{:478}$ It can also be cultivated (precipitated) in vitro from bovine bile by adding ursodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and calcium bilirubinate, producing calculus bovis sativus. Unlike artificial calculus bovis, either type of cultivated calculus bovis can fully replace calculus bovis under Chinese regulations.
# Kenneth Clayton

Kenneth Roger Clayton (July 26, 1938 – December 26, 2017) was an American chess master. He won US Amateur Chess Championship in 1963. He attended Harvard University. His picture was on the cover of the June 1963 issue of Chess Life magazine.
Clayton, along with Walter Harris and Frank Street Jr., have been regarded as pioneers of African-Americans in chess in the 1960s.
Clayton held the FIDE title of Candidate Master and the USCF title of National Master. He died of Alzheimer’s on December 26, 2017.
# Benito Cereno (writer)

Jamie Groover is an American comic book writer who uses the pen name Benito Cereno. He is best known as the writer and co-creator of 2004's Tales from the Bully Pulpit and Hector Plasm. His work first appeared as strips in early issues of Robert Kirkman's comic book Invincible. These backups were illustrated by Nate Bellegarde, and included such characters as the Deep-Fried Monkey, Deep-Fried Pirate, and pseudo-autobiographical versions of the duo themselves.
Along with Bellegarde, Cereno created the supernatural investigator Hector Plasm. A compilation of short stories from both Western Tales of Terror and Invincible were re-printed in 2006 as Hector Plasm: De Mortuis. A follow-up book, Hector Plasm: Totentanz, was published in 2009 and has the theme of Halloween celebrations around the world.
He is the current writer of the New England Comics Press ongoing bi-monthly The Tick New Series with artist Les McClaine. This is the first ongoing series featuring The Tick since Ben Edlund's departure from his creation.
# 2002 in the United Arab Emirates

Events from the year 2002 in the United Arab Emirates.

## Incumbents

* President: Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
* Prime Minister: Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum

## Establishments

* Kinshasa Airways.
* Dubai Fencing Club.
# Dwight Hamilton Baldwin

Dwight Hamilton Baldwin (September 15, 1821 – August 23, 1899) was a piano manufacturer in the United States, famous as the eponym and introducer of the Baldwin Piano.
Born in Erie County, Pennsylvania, Baldwin began his career as a teacher of the reed organ and violin. He opened a music store in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1862, and became one of the biggest sellers of pianos in the Midwest. He and inventor John Warren Macy created the Baldwin piano in 1891, and introduced a grand piano in 1895.
Baldwin died in Cincinnati at the age of 78.
# Bavarian B VIII

The B VIII steam engines of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) were 2-4-0 tender locomotives.
This class was a forerunner of the first Bavarian express train locomotive. It was equipped with an inside Stephenson valve gear, inside steam chests, detachable cranks, (Aufsteckkurbel) and a full outside frame (aussenliegender Füllrahmen). The firebox was supported in order to provide a better distribution of weight.
They were equipped with Bavarian 3 T 9 tenders.
# Żelazka

Żelazka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wągrowiec, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Hradiště (Plzeň-South District)

Hradiště is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Hradiště lies approximately 44 kilometres (27 mi) south-east of Plzeň and 87 km (54 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Hradiště consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Hradiště (111)
* Bezděkov (84)
* Zahorčičky (25)
# Brachymystax lenok

Brachymystax lenok, the sharp-snouted lenok, is a salmonid fish distributed in rivers and lakes in northeastern Asia. It formerly included the blunt-snouted lenok, but recent authorities typically treat the latter as a separate species, B. tumensis, based on differences in morphology and genetics.
As presently defined, the sharp-snouted lenok is widespread in central and eastern Russia, and also found widely in northern Mongolia, locally in northeastern Kazakhstan (Irtysh Basin) and northeastern China (Amur Basin). The blunt-snouted lenok (B. tumensis) is found widely in southeastern Russia and more locally in northeastern and central parts of the country, as well as northeastern Mongolia (Amur Basin), northern China and Korea. Although the two generally are found in separate areas, there are also regions where their ranges overlap such as the Amur Basin.
The sharp-snouted lenok is widespread overall, but some populations, especially in China, have declined due to overexploitation and pollution. This species grows to a total length of 70 cm (28 in).
Korea is considered to be the southernmost limit of this fish, and in South Korea, various places have been declared protected areas for its protection: 2.36 km$^2$ in Jeongseon, 24.23 km$^2$ in Bonghwa, and in Hongcheon.
# Inka Hopsu

Inka Inari Hopsu (born 25 September 1976 in Espoo) is a Finnish politician currently serving in the Parliament of Finland for the Green League at the Uusimaa constituency.
# Dries Niemann

Andries Christiaan Niemann (12 August 1927 – 13 August 2009) was a South African boxer, bronze medalist at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.
# Verdigre Creek

Verdigre Creek is a stream in Knox and Antelope counties, in the U.S. state of Nebraska.
Verdigre is derived from the Spanish word verde meaning "green"; the name was applied to the stream for the green soil on its banks. Verdigre Creek was previously also known as Mauvaius River. The creek begins near 42°26′16″N 98°08′19″W﻿ / ﻿42.4377814°N 98.1386834°W﻿ / 42.4377814; -98.1386834 where its tributaries, South Branch Verdigre Creek and East Branch Verdigre Creek converge on the mainstream, from there the creek flows through Verdigre, Nebraska and its mouth opens into the Niobrara River at 42°42′00″N 98°03′23″W﻿ / ﻿42.7000013°N 98.0564607°W﻿ / 42.7000013; -98.0564607 about eight miles north of the town.
# Bavarian B X

The B X steam engines of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn) were express 2-4-0 locomotives in Bavaria. The vehicles had an inside locomotive frame, the cylinders lay behind the carrying axle and the steam inlet pipes ran in front of the boiler. Twelve locomotives were delivered with compound engines; two with simple, two-cylinder engines. The latter were converted to compound working in 1896 however.
All examples were taken on by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and retired between 1922 and 1924. According to the provisional renumbering plan of 1923 they were to be allocated operating numbers 34 7501 to 7513, but they did not appear in the final renumbering plan.
The engines were equipped with Bavarian 3 T 12 tenders.
# Żodyń

Żodyń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedlec, within Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Wolsztyn and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Xu Yunuo

Xu Yunuo (simplified Chinese: 徐玉诺; traditional Chinese: 徐玉諾, 10 November 1894 – 9 April 1958), also known for his pen name Honghuo (simplified Chinese: 红蠖; traditional Chinese: 紅蠖), was a Chinese poet and writer.

## Biography

Xu was born in Lushan County in Henan on 10 November 1894. In 1916, he was admitted to Henan Provincial No.1 Normal School in Kaifeng. During the May Fourth Movement in 1919, Xu was one of the student leaders in Kaifeng and participated in the general strike against Beiyang government. In order to protest the arrests of students by Zhao Ti, the then military governor of Henan, Xu attempted suicide by lying a railway track, and was saved by his teacher Ji Wenfu.
In 1920, Xu published his first work on Morning Post Supplement, and was introduced into Literary Research Association (Chinese: 文学研究会) by Zheng Zhenduo. From 1921 to 1924, he published several works in Fiction Monthly, Morning Post Supplement, Literary Weekly and other publications. In August 1922, he published his poetry collection The Garden of The Future and Snow Dynasty, which received praises from notable writers such as Lu Xun and Mao Dun.
In 1923, Xu moved to Xiamen in southern China to work as newspaper editor and school teacher. In the following decades, he worked as a school teacher in various schools and universities around China, including Jilin Yuwen High School, Xiamen University and Qufu Normal University. In 1956, he became a member of the China Writers Association.
On 9 April 1958, Xu died in Kaifeng due to esophageal cancer.

## Legacy

The main character of Ye Shengtao's work The Fire was modeled after Xu.
# Cagle

Cagle is an American surname resulting from the Anglicization of the German surname Kegel. Notable people with the surname include:
* A. M. Cagle (1884–1968), American composer
* Brett Cagle (born 1962), American religious leader
* Casey Cagle (born 1966), American politician
* Chris Cagle (born 1968), American country music singer
* Chris Cagle (American football) (1905–1942), American football player
* Daryl Cagle (born 1956), American cartoonist
* Harold Cagle (1913–1977), American athlete
* Joey Allen (née Joseph Allen Cagle, born 1964), American guitarist
* Mary Cagle (born 1989), American webcomic artist
* Myrtle Cagle (1925–2019), American pilot and part of Mercury 13
* Sandy Cagle (born 1957), American model
* Susan Justice (née Susan Cagle, born 1981), American pop-rock singer
* Susie Cagle, American journalist/cartoonist, daughter of Daryl
* Valerie Cagle (born 2002), American softball player
* Will Cagle (1938–2025), American racing driver
* Yvonne Cagle (born 1959), American astronaut
# 2011 in the United Arab Emirates

Events from the year 2011 in the United Arab Emirates.

## Incumbents

* President: Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
* Prime Minister: Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

## Events
### January

* January 9 - Hillary Clinton of the United States speaks out against Iran in Abu Dhabi during a five-day trip to the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Qatar. She requests that the world increase its pressure on Iran, a country she considers "a serious concern".
* January 31 - Oman says it has uncovered a spy network from the United Arab Emirates operating in the country.

### March

* March 9 - Intellectuals in the United Arab Emirates petition the country's government for free and fair elections.
* March 20 - The United Arab Emirates sends aircraft to Sardinia, Libya to join the anti-Gaddafi effort.

### April

* April 12 – British tourist Lee Bradley Brown dies in police custody of causes that are still not clear.
* April 18 - An anti-piracy conference opens in Dubai.

### May

* May 15 - The New York Times reports that private military company Xe Services LLC (previously Blackwater Worldwide) is putting together an army of mercenaries in the United Arab Emirates.
* May 22 - The embassy of the United Arab Emirates is attacked in Sana'a, Yemen as it holds a meeting of Arab and Western mediators leading to an evacuation by helicopter.

### July

* July 18 - The trial of five bloggers in the United Arab Emirates for advocating democratic reforms resumes.

### September

* September 24 - Voters in the United Arab Emirates go to the polls for parliamentary elections.
* September - Kempinski Residences Palm Jumeirah opens in Dubai.

## Sports

* 2011 Dubai Tennis Championships
# Sin Jun-bae

Sin Jun-Bae (Korean: 신준배; born 26 October 1985) is a South Korean former footballer who played as goalkeeper.
He was arrested on the charge connected with the match fixing allegations on 29 May 2011. On 17 June 2011, his football career was rescinded by the Korea Professional Football League with other accomplices.
# Chris Butcher

Christopher John Simon Butcher (born 19 August 1960) is an English former rugby union international who represented England in three Test matches.
Born in Karachi, Butcher went to St Peter's Catholic School, Bournemouth and had two brothers (David and John) who were also good rugby players. He played for Middlesex at county level, club rugby for Harlequins and also appeared with several overseas clubs in countries including Australia and the United States.
Butcher received representative honours with England Schools Under 19s and the England Under-23s, before earning a spot on the 1984 England tour of South Africa. He featured in both Tests against the Springboks, playing as a number eight. Later in the year he made a further Test appearance against the touring Wallabies at Twickenham.
# Bavarian BB II

The Bavarian Class BB II engines were Mallet type, saturated steam locomotives in the service of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staats-Eisenbahnen).
They were specially designed for branch lines with tight curves and supplied in two series. The first series comprised 29 engines and was built between 1899 and 1903. The other two machines were delivered in 1908 to the state railway and were somewhat longer and heavier than the other locomotives.
Although the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft took over all the vehicles in 1925 as DRG Class 98.7, all bar three were retired during the 1930s due to their unsatisfactory riding performance. The last three engines were used after 1940 as industrial locomotives.
One example, the 98 727, was sold in 1943 to the Regensburg factory of Südzucker AG and was given the operating number 4. It was donated in 1972 to the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Railway Museum (Eisenbahnmuseum Darmstadt-Kranichstein) and is still preserved today.
98 713 was used in Regensburg as well, was exported to Albania in 1943 to be used by Wehrmacht and Hekurudha Shqiptare. Served until 1950 and still could be seen in 1985.
# Amma (fly)

Amma is a genus of kelp fly in the family Coelopidae.

## Species

* Amma blancheae McAlpine, 1991
# Mileč

Mileč is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Mileč lies approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-east of Plzeň and 91 km (57 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Mileč consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Mileč (105)
* Bezděkovec (53)
* Maňovice (61)
* Záhoří (57)
* Želvice (71)
# Rathbone Street

Rathbone Street is a street in London that runs between Charlotte Street in the north and the junction of Rathbone Place and Percy Street in the south. The street is partly in the London Borough of Camden (northern side) and partly in the City of Westminster.
In the north, the pedestrianised Charlotte Place (formerly Little Charlotte Street) joins the street to Goodge Street. Rathbone Street is additionally joined to Charlotte Street by Percy Passage, an alleyway halfway down the street. On the west side of the street a passage next to the Newman Arms links Rathbone Street to Newman Passage.
Another Rathbone Street is in Canning Town in east London.

## History

The street was originally known as Glanville Street, then Upper Rathbone Place before assuming its current name. The section in the north from Charlotte Place to Charlotte Street was originally known as Bennett Street or Court, but the name is no longer in use and it is now part of Rathbone Street.

## Pubs

The Marquis of Granby public house is at number 2.
The Newman Arms is at number 23, and was once a brothel. It featured in George Orwell's novels Nineteen Eighty-Four and Keep the Aspidistra Flying as well as in Michael Powell's film Peeping Tom.
The Duke of York is at 47 in the north of the street on the corner with Charlotte Place and bears a date of 1791.
# Fakhrurrazi Quba

Fakhrurrazi Quba (born 29 September 1989) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga 2 club PSMS Medan.

## Club career
### Youth career

He began his career in youth level playing for PSBL Langsa and PSLS Lhokseumawe.

### PSAP Sigli

In 2010 he joined PSAP Sigli. He played in the 2011-12 Indonesia Super League. He spent his time in PSAP for 2 years.

### Semen Padang

In 2013 he joined Semen Padang and spent 4 years playing for them. Within this period, he also played in 2013 AFC Cup matches.

### Persiraja Banda Aceh

Between 2016 and 2018, he had very bad injuries so that he was recovering and did not play any official match. In 2019, Persiraja signed him to compete in 2019 Liga 2. As the team's first choice goalkeeper, he played a big role to help Persiraja to win third place of the league and secured a promotion to Liga 1. In 2020, Persiraja extended his contract, so he will play for them in 2020 Liga 1.

### Madura United

Fakhrurrazi was signed for Madura United to play in Liga 1 in the 2022–23 season.

## Club statistics

    As of match played 4 February 2025
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| PSAP Sigli | 2009–10 | Premier Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| PSAP Sigli | 2010–11 | Premier Division | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| PSAP Sigli | 2011-12 | ISL | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 0 |
| Semen Padang | 2013 | IPL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Semen Padang | 2014 | ISL | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Semen Padang | 2015 | ISL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Semen Padang | 2016 | ISC A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Persiraja | 2019 | Liga 2 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Persiraja | 2020 | Liga 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Persiraja | 2021–22 | Liga 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Madura United | 2022–23 | Liga 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Semen Padang | 2023–24 | Liga 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| PSMS Medan | 2024–25 | Liga 2 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 140 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 145 | 0 |
* ↑ Includes Piala Indonesia.
* ↑ Appearances in AFC Cup.

## Honours
### Club

Persiraja Banda Aceh
* Liga 2 third place (play-offs): 2019
Semen Padang
* Liga 2 runner-up: 2023–24
# Cannabis in Trinidad and Tobago

The manufacture, possession, and consumption of cannabis in Trinidad and Tobago is decriminalized.
In September 2018, Prime Minister Keith Rowley announced that he was in discussions with Attorney General Faris Al-Rawi on reviewing the country's cannabis legislation with the possibility of his People's National Movement government potentially decriminalizing the manufacturing, possession, and consumption of cannabis. In December 2019, the government passed a bill in Parliament to decriminalize the cultivation and possession of small quantities of cannabis. The bill was proclaimed as law on 23 December 2019 by President Paula-Mae Weekes.

## History

In 1915 Trinidad created the Ganja Ordinance, by which all cannabis sold on the island was gathered into bonded warehouses and distributed only to sellers who paid a license fee, similar to the system found in Bengal. Cannabis was banned in the islands in 1925.

## Decriminalization

In 2018, the head of the Caribbean Collective for Justice has called for the nation to decriminalize cannabis. In December 2018, Prime Minister Keith Rowley stated that cannabis would become decriminalized some time in June 2019.
In November 2019, Attorney General Faris Al-Rawi laid two bills in Parliament which decriminalize possession of less than 30 grams (1.1 oz) of marijuana, implement tiered penalties for possession of 30–60 grams (1.1–2.1 oz), and allow cultivation of up to four plants per adult. The decriminalization bill was passed by both houses of Parliament and will be proclaimed into law on 23 December 2019, while the Cannabis Control Authority Bill was sent to a joint select committee.
# Mouldingia

Mouldingia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Mouldingia include:
* Mouldingia occidentalis
* Mouldingia orientalis
# Żychlin, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Żychlin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Miasto, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Stare Miasto, 4 km (2 mi) south of Konin, and 96 km (60 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Rebuild the Dream

Rebuild the Dream is an American center-left political organization founded in June 2011 by former Obama administration advisor Van Jones and the group MoveOn.org. It aims to counter the Tea Party movement.

## Principles

The group's central principles are outlined in the "Contract for the American Dream".
* Invest in America's infrastructure.
* Create 21st century energy jobs.
* Invest in public education.
* Offer Medicare for all.
* Make work pay.
* Secure Social Security.
* Return to fairer tax rates.
* End the wars and invest at home.
* Tax Wall Street speculation.
* Strengthen democracy.

## Membership

Jones said on July 31, 2011, that the group had 127,000 members.
# Day's baril

Barilius evezardi is a fish in genus Barilius of the family Danionidae. It is found in Maharashtra of India, specifically in the upper reaches of rivers on hills.

## Physiology

All species of Barilius carp are described as having somewhat stretched bodies, with B. evezardi reaching from around 11 to 18 centimeters in length. Their bodies resemble a rounded, compressed imperfect cylinder. Their heads, by contrast, are quite acute, with especially edged snouts. They have large eyes, and a mouth that's directed upwards, with their lower jaw being smaller than their upper jaw. They also have 3 rows of pharyngeal teeth. Their caudal fin is also forked, and their air bladder is free, large, and it encompasses the whole breadth of the abdomen.
The Day's baril has several unique characteristics among its Barilius brethren. It is the only Barilius fish to have a lateral band. It is also described as having "large & well developed" tubercles on its head, while other Barilius carps are described as either having "poor, undeveloped" tubercles, or simply large tubercles on different areas. It also has absent barbels, and although that's not unique to only this Barilius, over half of the Barilius species have barbels.

## Etymology

The fish is named in honor of Col. George C. Evezard (1826-1901) of the Bombay Staff Corps, who assisted in the collection of natural specimens in Puna, India.