OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# USS Elmore

USS Elmore (APA-42) was a Bayfield-class attack transport in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. She was then sold into commercial service and was scrapped in 1971.

## History

Elmore (AP-87) was launched 29 January 1943 as Sea Panther by Ingalls Shipbuilding of Pascagoula, Mississippi, under a Maritime Commission contract, reclassified (APA-42) on 1 February; transferred to the Navy 30 March and placed in partial commission the same day for ferry to Maryland Drydock Company, Baltimore for conversion, and commissioned in full 25 August 1943.

### Pacific War

Elmore sailed from San Diego 13 January 1944 and landed troops and equipment in the initial assault on the Marshalls 31 January 1944. In early February she reported to the 3d Fleet at Funafuti, Ellice Islands. After training in the Solomons, she took part in the landings on Emirau Island 11 April, and carried troops between Guadalcanal and New Guinea until 3 June. On the 4th she got underway for invasion of the Marianas.
Elmore landed troops in the assault on Guam 21 July 1944 and remained to embark casualties whom she carried to Eniwetok. She returned to the Solomons for training, then saw action in the first wave against the Palaus 15 September. She staged at Hollandia for the coming Philippine invasion and sailed 13 October for the Leyte assault a week later. Landing troops and cargo under heavy fire, Elmore lost one killed and five wounded.
Returning to Manus and New Guinean ports, Elmore prepared for the northern Luzon assault. On 9 January 1945 she was in Lingayen Gulf for the initial landings. She remained to support the fighters ashore, and on 29 January landed troops without opposition near San Felipe. She returned to Leyte in February to be mother ship for the boat pool and to direct unloading of merchant ships.
Elmore sailed from Leyte 27 March 1945 for the invasion of Okinawa on 1 April. Four days after the assault she carried casualties to Guam, continuing to Seattle for overhaul. She was on her way back when the war ended and upon arrival at Leyte 30 August was assigned to redeploy troops through the Philippines. Elmore made two voyages to Japan to land occupation troops at Wakayama and Mitsugahama, then returned to the States on "Magic Carpet" duty with servicemen eligible for discharge.

### Decommissioning and fate

After a voyage on the same duty to the Philippines from November 1945 to January 1946, she was decommissioned at Mobile, Alabama, 13 March, and returned to the Maritime Commission for sale 15 May 1946. After decommissioning, Elmore's name reverted to Sea Panther when she was leased in 1946 for commercial service. In 1947 she was renamed China Transport. In 1958 she was renamed Oregon and in 1960 was again renamed, to Idaho. The vessel was returned to the Maritime Administration in 1966 and scrapped at Portland, Oregon, in 1971.

## Awards

Elmore received eight battle stars for World War II service.
# Booth Branch (White Marsh Branch tributary)

Booth Branch is a 2.40 mi (3.86 km) long 1st order tributary to White Marsh Branch in Kent County, Delaware.

## Course

Booth Branch rises about 1.5 miles northwest of Greenwood, Delaware in Kent County and then flows southeast to join White Marsh Branch about 1 mile north of Greenwood.

## Watershed

Booth Branch drains 1.01 square miles (2.6 km$^2$) of area, receives about 45.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 667.75 and is about 3% forested.
# Bamboo torture

Bamboo torture is a form of torture and execution where a bamboo shoot grows through the body of a victim. It was reportedly used in East and South Asian countries such as China, India, and especially Japan, but claims of its usage lack reliable evidence.

## Recorded usage

A "Madras civilian", in his travel description from 1820s India, referred to this use of bamboo as a well-known punishment in Ceylon. The use of live trees impaling people as they grow was recorded in the 19th century, when the Siamese used nipah palm sprouts in the same way as bamboo torture on the Malays during the 1821 Siamese invasion of Kedah, among other punishments.
After World War II, stories circulated of Japanese soldiers inflicting "bamboo torture" upon Allied prisoners of war, securely tying the victim in place above a young bamboo shoot. Over several days, the sharp, fast-growing shoot would first puncture, then completely penetrate the victim's body, eventually emerging through the other side. In her Hakka Soul memoir, Chinese poet and author Woon-Ping Chin mentions the "bamboo torture" as one of the tortures that locals believed the Japanese performed on POWs.
The cast of the TV program MythBusters investigated bamboo torture in a 2008 episode and found that a bamboo shoot can penetrate through several inches of ballistic gelatin in three days. For research purposes, ballistic gelatin is considered comparable to human flesh, and the experiment thus supported the viability of this form of torture, though not its historical accuracy.
# Henry David Thoreau: A Life of the Mind

Henry David Thoreau: A Life of the Mind is a 1896 biography of Henry David Thoreau by Robert D. Richardson, Jr.
# Ella Chafee

Ella Chafee née Cox (March 4, 1945 – June 16, 2019) was an American wheelchair basketball player and wheelchair fencer who competed at three Paralympic Games. She also took part in track and field and swimming.

## Sporting career

Chafee contracted polio when she was six years old during the 1950s. She took part in wheelchair racing in the early 1960s as well as wheelchair basketball. She and her sister-in-law Hope Chafee, who also has polio, both took part in the 1964 Summer Paralympics where Ella won two medals in swimming and Hope won three medals. Ella participated in the 1968 Summer Paralympics and won the gold medal in the women's 4x40m relay. Ella returned to the Games in 1996 as a wheelchair fencer.
In 1979, Chafee took part in the Boston Marathon in the wheelchair division.
Chafee was inducted into the National Wheelchair Athletic Association (now Move United) Hall of Fame in 1990 and the National Wheelchair Basketball Association Hall of Fame in 2014.

## Death

Chafee died of a liver aneurysm aged 74 at a hospital in Oak Lawn on June 16, 2019.
# Giuseppe Gallignani

Giuseppe Gallignani (January 9, 1851, Faenza - December 14, 1923, Milan) was an Italian composer, conductor and music teacher.
He graduated from Milan Conservatory.
Author operas Il grillo del focolare (1873, one of the Christmas stories Charles Dickens - the first in the history of opera in the Dickens story), Atala (1876), Nestorius (1888) et al., as well as numerous spiritual music.
In 1884-1891 musical director of Milan Cathedral. In 1891, on the recommendation of Giuseppe Verdi and Arrigo Boito he was appointed director of the Parma Conservatory and directed it until 1897. In 1894 he held a series of concerts to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the death of Giovanni Palestrina, which provoked a violent backlash.
In 1923, refusing to join the National Fascist Party, he was accused of embezzling public money and committed suicide.
# Jillian Lee Dempsey

Jillian Lee Dempsey is an American inorganic chemist and the Bowman and Gordon Gray Distinguished Term Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Currently, her work focuses on proton-coupled electron transfer, charge transfer events, and quantum dots. She is the recipient of numerous awards for rising stars of chemistry, including most recently a 2016 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and a 2016 Air Force's Young Investigator Research Program (YIP).

## Education and training

Dempsey attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for her undergraduate, earning her S.B. in Chemistry in 2005. She worked with Prof. Daniel G. Nocera on the development of molecular water splitting catalysts. While at MIT, she also worked at Merck Research Laboratories' Department of Analytical Research, on the development of HPLC columns for pharmaceutical process development. Dempsey then travelled to the California Institute of Technology for graduate studies, where she worked in the laboratory of Prof. Harry B. Gray and Jay R. Winkler. Dempsey's research at Caltech focused on elucidating the mechanism of hydrogen evolution for cobaloxime catalysts, as well as the reactivity of photogenerated osmium(II) complexes. She graduated with her Ph.D. in 2011.
From 2011 to 2012, Dempsey then conducted postdoctoral research as an NSF American Competitiveness in Chemistry Fellow in the laboratory of Daniel R. Gamelin at the University of Washington. There, she worked on photoconductive quantum dot thin films, as well as magnetic coupling in illuminated quantum dots.

## Independent career

Dempsey began her independent career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2012 as an assistant professor. She was granted tenure in 2018 and promoted to the rank of associate professor. Since 2020, she has served as the Bowman and Gordon Gray Distinguished Term Professor.

## Awards

* 2019 - American Chemical Society Harry Gray Award
* 2017 - Chemical & Engineering News Talented 12
* 2016 - Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship
* 2016 - Air Force's Young Investigator Research Program (YIP)
* 2015 - Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering
* 2015 - NSF CAREER Award
# MÁV Class M44

MÁV Class M44 is a Hungarian shunting engine built from 1954 to 1971, and used by multiple railways, including Hungarian State Railways (MÁV), Polish State Railways (PKP), Bulgarian State Railways (BDŽ), Yugoslav Railways (JŽ), and some industrial railways in the former countries of the Eastern Bloc.
All versions used the Ganz–Jendrassik XVI Jv 170/240 V16 4-stroke naturally aspirated diesel engine producing 600 HP (420 kW).

## History

The Hungarian railway system was in a very bad shape after the ending of the war, and modernisation became important for MÁV. Ganz has built 2 generator locomotives for the suburban electrified railways during the war. MÁV needed a heavy shunting locomotive to replace the previously used old and obsolete steam locomotives, with relatively high power and acceleration. Ganz has designed a diesel electric locomotive with the then-biggest series built engine made by them, the Ganz XVI Jv 170/240. The first 2 prototypes were built in 1954, and they got the designation M424 5001 and 5002. After the good results of the tests, mass production had started. Other railways bought from this design, with similar results. After nearly 70 years, the original prototypes are still operational, and the class is still in active service, albeit with decreasing numbers.
# Takele Uma Banti

Takele Uma Banti (Oromo: Takala Umaa Bantii) is an Ethiopian politician who is the CEO of Ethio-Djibouti Railways since 2024. He was the Minister of Mines and Petroleum from 2020 to 2023. He was Mayor of Addis Ababa from 2018 to 2020.

## Early life and education

Takele was born in the town of Ambo, located in Shewa, Ethiopia. He holds a Master's in Business Administration from Harvard University. He then possessed a Master's in Environmental Engineering and a Bachelor's in Chemical Engineering, both obtained from Addis Ababa University. He has certifications from Harvard University and the Galilee International Management Institute, as well as a Master of Science in Economics from Addis Ababa University.

## Career
### Mayor of Addis Ababa

Takele worked for several years as an associate partner in political offices of Ethiopia and others. On 17 July 2018, he was elected as Mayor of Addis Ababa by Addis Ababa City Council saving as deputy mayor. The election was made during the 5th extraordinary session in accordance with the revised proclamation by the House of people's Representatives and was succeeded by Diriba Kuma.
On 16 October 2019, he formed new cabinet which approved by the administration council where 19 officials from head of different offices were appointed. The session was attended by 89 members, three of the nominees were women, 79 members favor of nomination while the three were against and seven were abstained.

### Minister of Mines and Petroleum

Takele was appointed as Minister of Mines and Petroleum of Ethiopia from 18 August 2020 to 14 January 2023. As a minister of mines and Petroleum, his strategic leadership led to increase in gold exports, solidifying the mining sector as a major contributor to Ethiopia's foreign exchange earnings, from there he established a partnership between the Colorado School of Mines and Addis Ababa Institute of Technology to offer a dual Masters program in Mining and Petroleum Engineering.

### Ethio-Djibouti Railway

On 16 July 2024, Takele was appointed as chief executive officer of the Ethio-Djibouti Railways by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed.
# Senefelder Club

The Senefelder Club is an organization formed in London in 1909 to promote the craft of art reproduction by the process of lithography.
The club was named in honor of Aloys Senefelder, who in 1796 invented the lithographic process.
The process was slow in development and even slower to gain acceptance in the art world. At the turn of the century, it began to flower and to be considered as an art form in its own right. The principles of lithography are still in practice around the world today. The club provided a forum for the artists to meet and exchange information on this heretofore semi-secret process. Further, it provided a means to instruct artists and their patrons that lithography was an art as well as a craft.
In 1909, Ernest Jackson, A.S. Hartrick, and James Kerr-Lawson called a meeting to form a society for the artist lithographer and in the following year, the Senefelder Club was formed. Joseph Pennell was elected President and Hartrick, Jackson and Kerr-Lawson formed the Committee. John Copley (1875-1950) and Ethel Gabain soon joined (and married in 1913), followed by Frank Brangwyn, Spencer Pryse, Charles Shannon, Augustus John, William Rothenstein. C.W.R. Nevinson, Claude Sheperson, E. J. Sullivan, Edmund Blampied and many other notable artists. Foreign members included Théophile Steinlen, Jean-Louis Forain, and Henri Matisse. In 1958 the Club was renamed the Senefelder Group when members included Edward Ardizzone, James Fitton, Phyllis Ginger and Henry Trivick, who was then Chairman. The Group seems to have held their last exhibition in 1961.
The British watercolorist and lithographer Anthony Raine Barker was an enthusiastic supporter and member of the club's committee in the 1920s.
# New, Rare, Live

New, Rare, Live is a 2004 compilation album by the Australian band Superheist. It includes the band's final recorded songs with earlier songs and live recordings of the group's final concert at Melbourne in 2003.

## Background

In mid 2003, Superheist began working on their third studio album. However, after a turbulent second half of the year touring, loss of management and an eventual disastrous band breakup, the album was never completed. There were however four new tracks completed featuring Joey Biro on vocals ("Seasons, Get A Life, Vultures and Hole in the Head") and an additional single, "The Road", with Cam Baines of Bodyjar on lead vocals. These five tracks were later released with a bunch of B-sides from Supeheist's back catalogue and this became disc 1 of New, rare, Live. The second CD of the compilation was originally meant to be a stand-alone live release; however, due to the band split it became part of this compilation.

## Track listing

* AUS Double CD SHOCK7034
** Disc 1 – New.Rare.
*** "The Road (Ft. Cam Baines)" – 2:20
*** "Seasons" – 4:09
*** "Get A Life" – 3:56
*** "Vultures" – 3:05
*** "Hole in the Head" – 4:41
*** "Ready To Burn" – 2:43
*** "8 Miles High" – 4:12
*** "Label" – 2:52
*** "Pocket Full of Lies" – 3:42
*** "Times Killing" – 3:04
** Disc 2 – Live.'
*** "Untitled Medley" [Hayley Katoma] – 3:53
*** "Liberate" – 2:45
*** "Empire" – 3:07
*** "Step Back" – 3:13
*** "Two Faced (Check Your Head Up)" – 3:17
*** "The Hollow Blue" – 4:01
*** "7 Years" – 2:57
*** "Slide" – 4:10
*** "Bullet" – 4:21
*** "Beaming Down From Satellites" – 4:43
*** "Scars" – 3:12
*** "The Ghost" – 4:31
*** "Pulse" – 4:12

## Personnel
### New.Rare

* Richard William "D W" Norton – guitar, backing vocals (all tracks) bass (tracks 1–5)
* Sean Pentecost – drums (all tracks)
* Fetah Sabawi – synthesisers, samplers (all tracks)
* Drew Dedman – bass guitar (track 6)
* Simon Durrant – bass guitar (track 7–10)
* Cam Baines – lead vocals (track 1)
* Joey Biro – lead vocals (tracks 2–6)
* Rod McLeod – lead vocals (tracks 7–10)

### Live

* Richard William "D W" Norton – lead guitar, backing vocals, producer on all tracks
* Drew Dedman – bass guitar
* Sean Pentecost – drums
* Fetah Sabawi – synthesisers, samplers
* Joey Biro – lead vocals
# The Flavor of Corn

The Flavor of Corn (Italian: Il sapore del grano; also known in English as The Taste of Wheat) is a 1986 Italian coming-of-age film. Written and directed by Gianni Da Campo, the film stars Lorenzo Lena and Marco Mestriner and follows the story of a relationship between a teacher and his 12-year-old student.

## Plot

Lorenzo is a young man who has been appointed as a school teacher in a small Italian village. One of his pupils, 12-year-old boy named Duilio, has romantic feelings toward Lorenzo. Lorenzo visits Duilio's home, meets with his family and they become good friends.
Lorenzo had met a woman on the train to the village with whom he falls in love, but his relationship with her is unfulfilling and they break up. During this time, Lorenzo grows closer to Duilio and they begin a secret romantic relationship. Many things change after Duilio’s stepmother begins to distrust Lorenzo. They begin to meet very rarely and Duilio starts to behave desperately to see Lorenzo. Lorenzo reflects on the nature of their relationship and decides to leave the village and Duilio.

## Cast

* Lorenzo Lena as Lorenzo
* Marco Mestriner as Duilio
* Alba Mottura as Cecilia
* Egidio Termine as Bruno
* Mattia Pinoli as Grandpa
* Paolo Garlato as Father
* Elena Barbalich as Adalgisa
* Elisabetta Barbini as Grandma
* Marina Vlady as Stepmother

## Reception

The Seattle Times lauded the film for being "unflinchingly honest" and the San Francisco Bay Area Reporter described the story as "fascinating", adding that the film "approaches its forbidden topic with an even hand and a warm heart." In September 2012, a "special event" screening of the film was arranged as part of a 1980s retrospective at the 17th Milano Film Festival, which touted the film as a "hidden jewel" that managed to avoid the familiar tropes and clichés employed by other films of the genre.

## Accolades

| Year | Organization | Award | Recipient(s) | Result |
| 1986 | Festival del cinema neorealistico (Neorealist Film Festival) | Kim Arcalli Plaque | Gianni Da Campo (Director) | Won |
| 1986 | Festival del cinema neorealistico (Neorealist Film Festival) | Pietro Bianchi Plaque | Chantal Bergamo & Enzo Porcelli (Producers) | Won |

## Home media

Since its original release in 1986, the film has been subtitled in various languages and distributed internationally on VHS and DVD in numerous countries, including Italy (released as Il sapore del grano), China (translated as The Taste of Wheat), Germany (released as Die Qual der Liebe), and the United States (released as The Flavor of Corn). In 1994, Award Films International released the film in North America in the VHS format with English subtitles. As of 2013, no evidence of an official North American DVD release had been found. However, in November 2011, Ripley's Home Video released the film in Italy in the Region 2 DVD format, which includes the option to watch with English subtitles.
# PKP class EP02

EP02 (also manufactured as Pafawag 1E) is a name for a Polish electric locomotive. It was made for passenger transport purposes.

## Technical features

Improvements were brought in with this locomotive type. The front and back of the box had dragging and bumping devices installed. The whole body was given a more aerodynamic shape compared to previous models. This machine is of Bo′Bo′ type, meaning that each axle is powered separately. The axles are installed in pairs on two bogies. The bogies had lighter, welded construction which gave the whole vehicle better contact with the rails.
The engines used in EP02 were not modern ones, and had a large weight compared with power and small rotation. The engine contained two engineer's compartments on each end, with all the devices necessary for running the locomotive inside. The engine and high voltage compartments were situated in the middle part of the body.

## History

After World War II almost no electric locomotives survived in Poland, and local industry was not yet able to start the production of such vehicles. The solution for this problem was sought mainly abroad and resulted in a decision to buy some components from England. The design for EP02 by Central Rail Industry Construction Office in Poznań was ready in 1951.

### Introduction

In 1951 the design was sent to Pafawag, but the construction met with a few obstacles, mainly lack of material and parts. The first locos were directed into Warsaw-Ochota railway district in 1953. Soon many construction faults appeared, like wheel spinning after reaching 70 km/h (43 mph) speed, inconstant drive and vertical shakes. The faults were systematically corrected, and the experience was used during designing the ET21 and EU06.

### Production

| Loco nos. | Producer | Years of production | Quantity |
| 01-07 | Pafawag | 1953–1954 | 7 |
| 08 | Pafawag | 1957 | 1 |

### Operation

All the EP02s initially operated in Warsaw, but soon were moved to Łódź. Once there were enough EU07s, all EP02s were moved to Dębica. In 1971 the last three machines were retired and reassigned to work as heating power supplies (used solely to supply electric power from overhead to heat cars during longer stops at stations, it involved parking them at selected stations and removal of most of the electric, brake and control equipment, retaining only the pantographs and switches associated with the HEP supply). This prolonged EP02s’ life by 24 years—EP02-07 was working as a heating power supply in Zakopane until 1992 and EP02-08 in Przemyśl until 1996.
During the operation, the locomotives were modified by the addition of automatic brakes and heating systems.

## Locomotive assignment

| Loco nos. | Operator |
| 07 | Chabówka - heritage park |
| 02 | Warsaw - railroad museum |
| 08 | Kraków |
# Wierzbno, Ostrów Wielkopolski County

Wierzbno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Odolanów, within Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Odolanów, 5 km (3 mi) west of Ostrów Wielkopolski, and 99 km (62 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Brinker Run (Sewickley Creek tributary)

Brinker Run is a 3.41 mi (5.49 km) long 2nd order tributary to Sewickley Creek in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.

## Course

Brinker Run rises about 0.25 miles northwest of Humphreys, Pennsylvania, and then flows southwest to join Sewickley Creek at United.

## Watershed

Brinker Run drains 3.49 square miles (9.0 km$^2$) of area, receives about 42.9 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 367.95, and is about 43% forested.
# Reggiardo

Reggiardo is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrés Reggiardo (1941–2025), Peruvian politician
* Mauricio Reggiardo (born 1970), Argentine rugby union footballer
* Renzo Reggiardo (born 1972), Peruvian politician and businessman, son of Andrés