OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert Wingate

Robert Wingate (1832–1900) was a British civil engineer who built railways in Canada, the Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary and Uruguay.
Wingate learned his trade under Alexander Ross on the Chester and Holyhead Railway and while working on the engineering staff of the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers. From 1853 he was engaged by Peto & Betts, initially designing the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. In 1863 he moved to Russia (now Latvia) to work on the Dunaburg & Witepsk Railway (modern day Daugavpils). He then went on to work on the East Hungarian railway, followed, in 1871, by the Central Uruguay Railway. He stayed on in Uruguay in charge of maintenance and extension works.
From 1877 he was a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. He returned to UK in 1899, and died on 18 June 1900, aged 67, at the Uruguay Railway office in Finsbury Circus, London.
He is buried in West Norwood Cemetery.
# Tolyatti bus bombing

vteTerrorism in Russia :
Part of the First Chechen War, War of Dagestan, Second Chechen War, Insurgency in the North Caucasus, Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus, Islamic terrorism in Europe and Russo-Ukrainian War :
The Tolyatti bus bombing occurred on 31 October 2007, during the morning rush hour when a bomb exploded on a passenger bus in Tolyatti, a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. The blast killed at least eight people and injured about 50 in what Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswoman for the investigative wing of the local prosecutor's office, said could be a terrorist attack. At the beginning of the investigation, it was believed to be the work of terrorists from the North Caucasian Federal District. Early reports indicated possible involvement of Chechen terrorist Doku Umarov. However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in the blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.
The explosion happened near a bus stop in the city center as people were heading to work.
# 1973 Transkei legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Transkei on 24 October 1973. The Transkei National Independence Party won 25 of the 40 elected seats.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Transkei National Independence Party | | | 25 |
| | Democratic Party | | | 10 |
| | Independents | | | 8 |
| Vacant | Vacant | | | 2 |
| Total | Total | | | 45 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 323,092 | – | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 952,369 | 33.93 | |
| Source: African Elections Database |||||

## Aftermath

By-elections were held for the two vacant seats in 1974, both of which were won by the Transkei National Independence Party.
# Nessmuk Lake

Nessmuk Lake, also known as Lake Nessmuk, is a reservoir located in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, near the borough of Wellsboro. The lake is owned by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is managed by the Fish and Boat Commission for the public use of fishing and boating in the lake. The borough of Wellsboro is responsible for caring and maintaining the lake. Commonwealth Inland Waters regulations apply for all living fish due to its use as a warmwater fishery. Boating is limited to electric boats and unpowered boats.
Nessmuk Lake covers an area of 24.3 hectares (60 acres). The lake is located along PA route 287, one mile south of Wellsboro.
# Jamalabad, Tehran

Jamalabad (Persian: جمال اباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Jamalabad Rural District of Sharifabad District of Pakdasht County, Tehran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,717 in 439 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,099 people in 554 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,501 people in 698 households.
# Lant

Lant is aged urine. The term comes from Old English hland, which referred to urine. Collected urine was put aside to ferment until used for its chemical content in many pre-industrial processes, such as cleaning and production.

## History

Because of its ammonium content, lant was most commonly used for floor cleaning and laundry. According to early housekeeping guides, bedpans would be collected by one of the younger male servants and put away to ferment to a mild caustic before use.
In larger cottage industries, lant was used in wool-processingIn times of urgent need and in districts where these were the chief industries, the whole town was expected to contribute to its supply.
   "Lant. Stale urine. It was preserved in a tank and having been mixed with lime used for dressing wheat before it was sown to keep the birds from picking up the seeds."

## Related info

LaNt (with an alternate capitalization) may also refer to Laminin N-terminus proteins. Laminins are basic structural proteins of basement membranes. Some particularly small sized proteins within this family of proteins are called LaNt proteins.
# Elanthoor human sacrifice case

The 2022 Elanthoor human sacrifice case refers to a crime in which two women were tortured and murdered as part of two human sacrifice rituals in Elanthoor village in Pathanamthitta district in the Indian state of Kerala. Ongoing investigations by the Kerala Police saw the arrests of Muhammed Shafi, Bhagawal Singh and his wife Laila. The victims were Roslyn and Padma, both lottery ticket vendors, who were living away from their families. The case received media attention because the killings were done in the name of human sacrifice and reportedly involved cannibalism.

## Investigation

The relatives of one of the victims, Padma, native of Kadavantra, Kochi, had lodged a complaint with the police in September when she went missing. While investigating this case, the police discovered the possibility of human sacrifice. While investigating the disappearance of Padma, the police received information that another woman, Roslyn, a native of Kaladi, had also gone missing in a similar manner.
Surveillance camera visuals and tracking of victims' mobile phones lead to the conclusion that they were last located at Elanthoor. As part of investigation, police reached Elanthoor and questioned the locals including Bhagaval Singh and his wife Laila. The couple's suspicious behaviour lead the police to question them further and soon they both confessed to killing two women.
# Mojtame-e Shahid Namju

Mojtame-e Shahid Namju (Persian: مجتمع شهيدنامجو) is a village in Jamalabad Rural District of Sharifabad District of Pakdasht County, Tehran province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 7,281 in 1,999 households. The following census in 2011 counted 6,676 people in 1,905 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 22,990 people in 6,892 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# 2022 Tel Aviv Open

The 2022 Tel Aviv Open (also known as the 2022 Tel Aviv Watergen Open for sponsorship purposes) was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard court. It was the first edition of the Tel Aviv Open at the ATP Tour level since 1996 (18th overall), and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2022 ATP Tour. It was played at Expo Tel Aviv in Tel Aviv, Israel, from 26 September to 2 October 2022.
The event was primarily organized due to the cancellation of tournaments in China during the 2022 season because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

## Champions
### Singles

* Novak Djokovic def. Marin Čilić, 6–3, 6–4
* It was Djokovic's 3rd title of the year and the 89th of his career.

### Doubles

* Rohan Bopanna / Matwé Middelkoop def. Santiago González / Andrés Molteni, 6–2, 6–4

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| SRB | Novak Djokovic | 7 | 1 |
| CRO | Marin Čilić | 16 | 2 |
| ARG | Diego Schwartzman | 17 | 3 |
| USA | Maxime Cressy | 34 | 4 |
| NED | Botic van de Zandschulp | 35 | 5 |
| | Aslan Karatsev | 39 | 6 |
| FRA | Adrian Mannarino | 47 | 7 |
| NED | Tallon Griekspoor | 48 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 19 September 2022.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Hamad Međedović
* Yshai Oliel
* Dominic Thiem
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Liam Broady
* Marius Copil
* Cem İlkel
* Edan Leshem
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Vasek Pospisil

### Withdrawals

* Benjamin Bonzi → replaced by Hugo Grenier
* Karen Khachanov → replaced by J. J. Wolf
* Alex Molčan → replaced by Tomás Martín Etcheverry
* Tommy Paul → replaced by Constant Lestienne
* Albert Ramos Viñolas → replaced by Vasek Pospisil

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| IND | Rohan Bopanna | NED | Matwé Middelkoop | 45 | 1 |
| GER | Kevin Krawietz | GER | Andreas Mies | 60 | 2 |
| MEX | Santiago González | ARG | Andrés Molteni | 68 | 3 |
| URU | Ariel Behar | ARG | Máximo González | 93 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 19 September 2022.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Daniel Cukierman / Edan Leshem
* Hamad Međedović / Yshai Oliel
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Marco Bortolotti / Sergio Martos Gornés

### Withdrawals

* Benjamin Bonzi / Arthur Rinderknech → replaced by Marco Bortolotti / Sergio Martos Gornés
* Tomás Martín Etcheverry / Albert Ramos Viñolas → replaced by Novak Djokovic / Jonathan Erlich
# Petarukan train collision

The Petarukan train collision occurred on 2 October 2010, at Petarukan, in Pemalang Regency of Central Java, Indonesia, when two intercity trains collided with each other. Thirty-six people died as a result of the accident, and 50 people were reported injured.

## Accident

At 3:00am local time on 2 October 2010, an Argo Bromo Anggrek executive train travelling from Jakarta to Surabaya ran into the rear of a Senja Utama Semarang business train at Petarukan, Pemalang a city on the north coast of central Java. The Argo Bromo executive train had 336 passengers on board, while the Senja Utama Semarang business train was bound for Semarang and carrying 663 passengers. The Senja Utama Semarang train was waiting for an oncoming train at Petarukan station because of a single track section ahead. The Argo Bromo Anggrek train passed a signal at danger and eventually rear-ended the waiting train. Three carriages derailed and overturned, 36 people were reported to have been killed and 50 injured, with the death toll expected to rise. The accident was the deadliest in Indonesia since the Bintaro train crash on 19 October 1987, which killed 156 people.
At around the same time, a second crash in Surakarta (Solo) killed a single person when an economy train was grazed in the rear by an express train.

## Reaction

A spokesman for Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said that "The President has instructed a sanction against whoever was responsible for the accident."
Director General of Railway Affairs at the Ministry of Transportation Tunjung Inderawan offered apologies for the two incidents, saying that "I apologize to the families of all the victims of the train accidents."
# Page Lake (Pennsylvania)

Page Lake (also known as Page's Pond, Corse's Pond and Lake Page) is a lake that is located in New Milford Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) long with an average center depth of 25 ft (7.62 m).

## History and notable features

Page Lake was created by settler Leonard Corse, who built dams in 1820 and 1830. The dam was again rebuilt after a collapse and flood in 1855. The dam feeds into Salt Lick Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River.
Page Lake has been privately owned by the Lakeside Outing Club Inc. since 1922, and is operated as a "residential and vacation community."
On February 15, 2023 several Unidentified Flying Objects were reported by local CBS affiliate WYOU-TV. Captured on cell phone, four small white cylindrical shaped UFOs were seen moving in uniform formation rate of speed. Approximately thirty minutes after the UFOs disappeared several helicopters appeared flying low around the lake.
# Carmen Ana Culpeper

Carmen Ana Culpeper-Ramírez served as the first female Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of the Treasury during the administration of Governor Carlos Romero Barceló. During the governorship of Pedro Rosselló, she served as the president of the then government-owned Puerto Rico Telephone Company.
Born on May 21, 1945 in Santurce, Puerto Rico, she holds a BBA in Finance from the University of Puerto Rico and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
In addition to serving as Regional Director of the United States Small Business Administration, she served as a member of the Board of Directors of Centennial Corporation and of Banco Santander Puerto Rico.
She currently works as a financial consultant. She is a member of Eta Gamma Delta sorority.
# Sapopemba State School shooting

The Sapopemba State School shooting was a school shooting that occurred at the Sapopemba State School in the aforementioned neighbourhood of São Paulo, Brazil, on 23 October 2023. At about 7:30 in the morning, the gunman, a 16-year-old male student wearing his school uniform, shot three female students, one fatally. A fourth student sustained injures to his hand while attempting to escape from the school. The suspect then handed his revolver to a teacher before surrendering to the police.

## Shooting

On the morning of 23 October, a 16-year-old teenager entered the Sapopemba State School, in the Sapopemba neighborhood, São Paulo, in the east zone of the city, armed with a .38 caliber revolver, and shot three girls. One of them, Giovanna Bezerra, 17-years-old, was shot in the back of the head and died in hospital. Another three people were injured, one while fleeing the scene. The teenager handed himself in to the Military Police after the attack.
# FC Kaganat

Football Club Kaganat Osh (Kyrgyz: Каганат Ош Футбол Клубу, Qağanat Oş Futbol Klubu) is a Kyrgyz football club based in Osh, Kyrgyzstan, founded in 2018.

## History

Prior to the start of the 2020 season, Akademija Osh was split into two clubs, FC Kaganat and FC Lider.

### Domestic history

| Season | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | League | Kyrgyzstan Cup | Top goalscorer | Top goalscorer | Manager |
| Season | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | P | Kyrgyzstan Cup | Name | League | Manager |
| 2018 | 1st | 8th | 28 | 4 | 0 | 24 | 30 | 92 | 12 | Round of 16 | Aziz Keldiar | 13 | Khurshit Lutfullayev |
| 2019 | 1st | 8th | 28 | 2 | 5 | 21 | 22 | 75 | 11 | | | | Khurshit Lutfullayev |
| 2020 | 1st | 6th | 14 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 17 | 24 | 15 | Quarterfinal | Maksatbek Alimov | 6 | Khakim Fuzailov Aibek Tatanov |
| 2021 | 1st | 5th | 28 | 10 | 7 | 11 | 41 | 40 | 37 | Quarterfinal | | | Nemat Kosokov |

## Players
### Current squad

    As of 28 April 2022
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | KGZ | Aziret Ysmanaliev |
| 4 | DF | KGZ | Bekzatbek Nasirov |
| 5 | DF | UZB | Azamat Zhumabaev |
| 6 | DF | KGZ | Baktai Taalaibek uulu |
| 7 | MF | UZB | Sayidzhamol Davlatjonov |
| 8 | FW | ARM | Erik Petrosyan |
| 9 | FW | KGZ | Shohrukhbek Muratov |
| 10 | FW | KGZ | Almaz Smatov |
| 11 | MF | KGZ | Nurlan Ryspaev |
| 13 | GK | KGZ | Nursultan Nusupov |
| 14 | DF | KGZ | Zakhriddin Abdilajonov |
| 15 | DF | KGZ | Maksat Dzhakybaliev |
| 17 | DF | KGZ | Isabek Dzhuraev |
| 19 | MF | KGZ | Nursultan Toktonaliev |
| 20 | DF | KGZ | Anton Fedyunin |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 22 | GK | RUS | Aleksandr Tuaev |
| 24 | DF | KGZ | Jenishbek Mamatemin uulu |
| 33 | MF | UZB | Khasan Yuldoshev |
| 44 | MF | KGZ | Kanatbek Ismatillaev |
| 47 | MF | KGZ | Nurtilek Sulaimanov |
| 47 | MF | RUS | Vadim Loginov |
| 55 | FW | KGZ | Dastanbek Toktosunov |
| 70 | DF | UZB | Kemran Najafaliev |
| 77 | MF | NGA | David Ikpabi Candy |
| 88 | DF | BRA | Rennan Saldanha |
| 94 | MF | KGZ | Bakyt Usenov |
| 99 | FW | KGZ | Aziz Keldiyarov |
| — | MF | KGZ | Bektur Kochkonbaev |
# 1980 Livermore earthquake

The 1980 Livermore earthquake occurred on January 24 at 11:00 PST in California. The epicenter of the 5.8 M$_w$ earthquake was a hilly area 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Mount Diablo and north of Livermore Valley. The earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Forty four people were injured and damage across the San Francisco Bay Area totaled $11.5 million, with the majority inflicted at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

## Earthquake

The mainshock was preceded by a 2.7 M$_L$  foreshock 1.5 minutes prior. In the first six says after the mainshock, 59 aftershocks were recorded measuring ≥ 2.5 M$_L$ . On January 26, a M$_w$  5.3 aftershock occurred with an epicenter 14 km (8.7 mi) southeast of the mainshock. Six hundred aftershocks were recorded in the 33 days after the mainshock. An analysis of P wave indicate the fault plane solution was right-lateral strike-slip faulting.

### Faulting

Surface faulting consisting of discontinued and small offsets occurred along the Greenville and Las Positas faults. At least 4.2 km (2.6 mi) of rupture occurred on the Greenville Fault, but it may have extended south to Interstate Highway 580, giving a possible total length of 6.2 km (3.9 mi). Surface faulting was sparse along the rupture. A maximum right-lateral offset of 25 mm (0.98 in) and vertical offset of 50 mm (2.0 in) was recorded. A 0.5 km (0.31 mi) rupture was located 0.12–0.25 km (0.075–0.155 mi) east of the main rupture, and 25 m (82 ft) away from another known fault. The secondary break produced 20 cm (7.9 in) of right-lateral offset, and 40 mm (1.6 in) of extension. Offset was also recorded along at least 1.1 km (0.68 mi) of the Las Positas Fault Zone. These consisted of small left-lateral offsets.

### Damage

Damage to property was nonstructural—consisting of fallen ceiling tiles, detached bricks from chimneys, ruptured gas and water lines, shattered windows, and mobile homes displaced from their foundations. At a ranch north of Livermore, along Vasco Road, two brick-and-stone fireplaces were fractured and offset from their walls. Along Interstate 580 and Greenville Road, a concrete pavement sunk 30 cm (12 in), and the a concrete abutment fractured and spalled. Forty four people were injured. Damage at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was estimated at $10 million.
The January 26 aftershock caused six additional injuries in Livermore from glass and falling debris. Fifty homes sustained minor damage in Tassajara. A fireplace was damaged, walls and concrete fractured, walls detached from ceilings, windows broke and a chimney collapsed. In Danville, a brick chimney and fireplace were damaged, stone wall was destroyed, and walls, patios, sidewalks and ceilings cracked. Several other towns reported slight damage.
# Vukozi Bamuza

Vukozi Bamuza (born 23 June 1991) is a South African first-class cricketer. He is right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast medium bowler. He made his First Class debut for Free State against Western Province.
# Goat Cochran

Alvah Jackson Cochran (January 31, 1891 – May 23, 1947) was a professional baseball pitcher who played in one game for the Cincinnati Reds on August 25, 1915.
# Piyal Bhattacharya

Piyal Bhattacharya is an Indian theatre director and Natyashastra scholar from Kolkata, West Bengal. He is proficient in Sanskrit, English, Bengali, Hindi and Malayalam. He has founded the Spanda Art Space near Garia, Kolkata.

## Life and work

Born in Howrah, West Bengal, Piyal Bhattacharya received training in Kathakali under Kalamandalam Balasubramanian at Kerala Kalamandalam. Later, he studied Natyashastra and musicology under Kamlesh Dutt Tripathi, Bharat Gupt, Puru Dadheech, N. Ramanathan, Urmila Sharma and others. He learnt Rudraveena of Dagar Gharana under Suvir Mishra, Asit Banerjee, Bahauddin Dagar, and of Dabir Khan Gharana from Ujwalendu Chakraborty; Haveli Sangeet under Gokulotsav Maharaj; Sarasvathi-veena under Vijaya Varalakshmi; Pung-Achoba under Premjit Singh; and Kalaripayattu under P.K. Balan Gurukkal. Bhattacharya is known for his work on the reconstruction of a holistic system of Natya from the Natyashastra, i.e., the Marga Natya. He has contributed significantly with reconstruction of the Karana (dance) including Vachikabhinaya, and Aharya, and Angahara (movements of the body, including gestures, facial expressions, and dance). He has also worked towards reconstructing the Atodyas (musical instruments or instrumental music) – Tri-Pushkaras, Vipanchi-Chitra-Mattakokila Vinas – and the Gandharva system of singing. He is a visiting faculty of National School of Drama, Sikkim.

## Research

Piyal has undertaken thorough research into the reconstruction of Marga Natya, stemming from Nritta, Geet, and Abhinaya practices outlined in Bharata (sage)'s Natyashastra. His aim is to engage with contemporary societal issues while forging a connection between ancient and modern theatrical forms. Central to his exploration is an investigation into the linguistic nuances present in Indian theatrical traditions.

## Theatre direction

Bhattacharya has directed ChitraPurvaranga, Uparupaka Bhanaka, Bhanika and Shudraka's Padmapabhritakam Bhana as Padmanka-Gatha. For two other directorial ventures, he adopted Kalidasa's Meghadutam and Ritusamharam respectively as Viraha-Gatha and Samvatsar-Kathaa. His directorial ventures have been performed in major national and international dance and theatre festivals in India. He has also adopted Bhasa's five Sanskrit plays to direct Bhasa-Bharatam, a repertory-production of the National School of Drama, Sikkim.

## Awards

* Sangeet Natak Akademi Award 2023 for his contribution in Other Major Traditions of Theatre (Sanskrit Theatre)
# 1994 Cabramatta state by-election

A by-election was held in the state electoral district of Cabramatta on 22 October 1994. The by-election was triggered by the murder of anti-drugs and anti-crime campaigner John Newman (Labor). The election was held only five months before the 1995 election.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 5 September 1994 | Death of John Newman. |
| 19 September 1994 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and close of electoral rolls. |
| 28 September 1994 | Day of nomination |
| 22 October 1994 | Polling day |
| 11 November 1994 | Return of writ |

## Results

1994 Cabramatta by-election Saturday 22 October :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Reba Meagher | 22,701 | 72.65 | +21.0 |
| | Independent | Nghiep Nguyen | 3,646 | 11.67 | |
| | Call to Australia | Brian Grigg | 1,498 | 4.79 | |
| | Independent | Chris Moore | 1,361 | 4.36 | |
| | Daylight Saving Extension | Tony de Govrik | 865 | 2.77 | |
| | Independent | Mark Stevens | 680 | 2.18 | |
| | No Party Affiliation | Ted Oldfield | 497 | 1.59 | |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 27,172 | 95.11 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 1,398 | 4.89 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 28,570 | 76.97 | |
| Two-candidate-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Reba Meagher | 24,367 | 83.94 | +17.94 |
| | Independent | Nghiep Nguyen | 4,663 | 16.06 | |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | Swing | | |
The Liberal Party did not nominate a candidate.