OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# October 2009 Afghanistan earthquake

A 6.2 magnitude earthquake occurred in Afghanistan on October 22, 2009, at 19:51:27 UTC. The maximum Mercalli intensity was V (Moderate) at Fayzabad, Badakhshan.

## Tectonic setting

The ongoing continental collision between the Indian plate and Eurasian plate results in tectonic uplift, forming the Himalaya, Hindu Kush and Pamir Mountains. The two plates collide along a convergent plate boundary which includes the Main Himalayan Thrust. Broad crustal deformation caused by the Indian plate ploughing into Eurasia causes uplift within the interior of Asia. This action created the Tibetan Plateau. Shallow earthquakes occur on faults that accommodate the tectonic stresses caused by the collision. Some of the largest earthquakes have exceeded magnitude 8.0, while even moderately large 6.0 events have resulted in thousands of fatalities. Most of these earthquakes are associated with reverse, thrust or strike-slip faulting. Large earthquakes with magnitudes of up to 7.5 have occurred in the region with an average recurrence interval of 15 years. These earthquakes correspond to reverse faulting at a depth of 170 to 280 km. These earthquakes rather than occurring at a plate boundary, are sourced from within the Indian plate as it dives beneath the Hindu Kush. As the tectonic slab of the Indian plate descends at a near-vertical angle into the mantle, it stretches and begins to "tear", eventually leading to a slab detachment. This action results in stress accommodation along faults that produces earthquakes when ruptured.

## Earthquake

This was a relatively deep shock with a reverse focal mechanism. The quake was widely felt in both Pakistan and Afghanistan, it was felt in areas such as Karachi, Kabul and Islamabad.

## Casualties

Landslides killed three people and two others suffered fatal heart attacks in Mirpur, Pakistan.
# Potassium bisulfite

Potassium bisulfite (or potassium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical mixture with the approximately correctly mentioned formula chemical formula KHSO$_3$. Potassium bisulfite in fact is not an actual compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to give solutions composed of potassium ions and bisulfite ions. It is a white solid with an odor of sulfur dioxide. Attempts to crystallize potassium bisulfite yield potassium metabisulfite, K$_2$S$_2$O$_5$.
Potassium bisulfite is used as a sterilising agent in the production of alcoholic beverages. This additive is classified as E number E228 under the current EU-approved food additive legislation.

## Production

It is made by the reaction of sulfur dioxide and potassium carbonate. The sulfur dioxide is passed through a solution of the potassium carbonate until no more carbon dioxide is evolved. The solution is concentrated.
# Red Dragon

Red Dragon may refer to:

## Entertainment

* The Red Dragon (magazine), a Welsh historical and literary magazine published 1882–1887
* Red Dragon (novel), a 1981 book by Thomas Harris
** Manhunter (film), a 1986 film directed by Michael Mann based on the novel Red Dragon by Thomas Harris
** Red Dragon (2002 film), a film directed by Brett Ratner based on the novel by Thomas Harris
** Francis Dolarhyde, the fictional serial killer from the novel Red Dragon by Thomas Harris and films based on it
* Red Dragon (1965 film), the American release title of A 009 missione Hong Kong, a West German and Italian spy film directed by Ernst Hofbauer
* The Red Dragon (film), a 1946 Charlie Chan mystery film
* Red Dragon (musician) (1966–2015), Jamaican deejay, born Leroy May
* Capital South Wales, a radio station serving Cardiff, Wales formerly known as 103.2 & 97.4 Red Dragon
* Red Dragon, a fictional pirate ship from the 2017 film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
* Red Dragon, 2022 album by Volturian
* Red Dragon, a fused mash-up version of the characters Liu Kang and Kano in Mortal Kombat 1

## Games and sports

* Red Dragon (role-playing fiction), a Japanese tabletop game, role-playing fiction and art phenomenon
* Red dragon (Dungeons & Dragons), a type of dragon in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game
* reDRagon, a professional wrestling tag team
* Wargame: Red Dragon, 2014 real-time strategy video game
* A mahjong tile with a red Chinese character for "center" (中) on it

## Technology

* SpaceX Red Dragon, a canceled robotic lander mission to Mars by SpaceX
* Red Dragon (1595), a 16th-century English gun ship
* The Red Dragon (train), a British express train 1950–1965
* Red Dragon, a professional cinema camera of Red Digital Cinema Camera Company

## Other

* Red Dragon (Ambazonian militia), a separatist militia in the breakaway state of Ambazonia (Southern Cameroons)
* "The great red dragon", Satan as described in Revelation 12:3
* The Great Red Dragon paintings, a series of paintings by William Blake
* Red Dragon Society, a secret society at New York University
* A red Chinese dragon
* Grand Grimoire, a black magic grimoire, also known as The Red Dragon
* Welsh Dragon, a national symbol of Wales. Thus, "red dragon" in Welsh culture may refer to:
** The flag of Wales
** Y Fenni cheese, a Welsh cheese, also known as "Red Dragon" when coated in red wax
* Cortland Red Dragons, athletic teams of SUNY Cortland
# Neutrophil oxidative index

Neutrophil oxidative burst test (or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) test) is a measure of neutrophil oxidation and is a useful assay in the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease and is also a useful means to determine the overall metabolic integrity of phagocytosing neutrophils. The NADPH oxidase enzyme is missing in CGD. From total blood, neutrophils can be purified and the NADPH oxidase activity can be measured with different methods in these cells after activation. Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes constitutes an essential arm of host defense against bacterial or fungal infections. The phagocytic process can be separated into several major stages: chemotaxis (migration of phagocytes to inflammatory sites), attachment of particles to the cell surface of phagocytes, ingestion (phagocytosis) and intracellular killing by oxygen-dependent (oxidative burst) and oxygen-independent mechanisms.
Sample results are expressed as a normal oxidative index (NOI), which is the ratio of the fluorescence in stimulated cells to the fluorescence expressed in unstimulated cells. The normal range is > 73 NOI.

## Method

In the neutrophil oxidative burst test heparinized whole blood is incubated at 37 °C with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a compound known to stimulate oxidative burst activity. Each flow cytometry pattern is referenced to the patients non-stimulated cells. In addition, a control blood is included in each run.
Upon stimulation, granulocytes and monocytes produce reactive oxygen metabolites (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid) which destroy bacteria inside the phagosome.
Formation of the reactive oxidants during the oxidative burst can be monitored by the addition and enzymatic oxidation of a fluorogenic substrate, DHR 123. The level of reactive oxygen radicals is determined by flow cytometry.

## Specimen requirements

Usually a minimum of 5mL whole blood collected in a sodium heparinized tube is required for the test.
# 1975 Turkish Senate election

Senate elections were held in Turkey on 12 October 1975. In this election 54 members of the Senate were elected; 50 members for one-third of the Senate and four vacant seats. The election system was the majority system and Justice Party gained more seats than Republican People's Party which was the leading party in terms of votes.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Republican People's Party | 2,281,470 | 43.37 | 25 |
| | Justice Party | 2,147,026 | 40.81 | 27 |
| | National Salvation Party | 465,731 | 8.85 | 2 |
| | Nationalist Movement Party | 170,357 | 3.24 | 0 |
| | Democratic Party | 165,170 | 3.14 | 0 |
| | Unity Party | 28,283 | 0.54 | 0 |
| | Independents | 2,851 | 0.05 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 5,260,888 | 100.00 | 54 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,260,888 | 96.88 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 169,296 | 3.12 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 5,430,184 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 9,295,019 | 58.42 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||
# Aeroflot Flight 1036

Aeroflot Flight 1036 (Russian: Рейс 1036 Аэрофлота Reys 1036 Aeroflota) was a domestic scheduled passenger flight operated by Aeroflot, that crashed during takeoff from Sochi International Airport on 1 October 1972. All 109 people aboard the Ilyushin Il-18V perished in the crash. It is the second worst accident involving an Ilyushin Il-18 and it was the worst accident involving one at the time.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the accident was an Ilyushin Il-18V with four Ivchenko AI-20K engines, registered CCCP-75507 to Aeroflot. The aircraft rolled off the assembly line on 3 August 1963. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had a total of 15,700 flight hours and 7,900 pressurization cycles.

## Crew

There were eight crew members aboard the fatal flight. The cockpit crew consisted of:
* Captain V. G. Tikhonov, (В. Г. Тихонов)
* Copilot V. A. Slobodskaya (В. А. Слободская)
* Navigator A. S. Zmeevsky (А. С. Змеевский)
* Flight engineer V. V. Meshchaninov (В. В. Мещанинов)
* Radio operator B. V. Spelov (Б. В. Спелов)

## Synopsis

Flight 1036 crashed during the initial climb phase of takeoff from the Sochi-Moscow route. On the flight were 100 adult passengers, one child, and eight crew members. Psychologist Vladimir Nebylitsyn and his wife were among the passengers of Flight 1036. The weather of the day of the accident was clear, with visibility over 5 kilometers, mild winds, and an air temperature of 17 °C.
At 19:21 local time the Il-18 departed from Sochi Airport at a bearing of 240°. At 19:22 the flight crew contacted air traffic control for further instructions. The air traffic controller instructed the flight to make a right turn with a climb of up to 3000 meters to Lazarevskoye; the crew of the Ilyushin Il-18 confirmed hearing the instructions. At an altitude of 150–250 meters, the pilots began to perform the right turn when the aircraft unexpectedly veered into a steep left turn with a sharp nosedive, and then crashed into the Black Sea.
At 19:40 air traffic control received a message from warships in the area that a plane crashed, describing the route; witnesses reported the aircraft turned onto a bearing of 220° about 10.5 km from the shore before it veered off and crashed. At 23:52 about 5-6 kilometers from the shore debris from the aircraft and fragments of bodies were found floating on the surface of the sea. All 109 people aboard the airliner died.

## Causes

Investigators proposed several hypotheses for the cause of the accident. No traces of explosives were found on any wreckage or human remains. Mechanical failure was also suggested but not able to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. The most investigated hypothesis was the possibility of bird strikes damaging the aircraft, specifically by migrating birds. Due to the aircraft crashing into the Black Sea to a depth of 500–1,000 m (1,600–3,300 ft) and into the mud, limiting the investigation, it was impossible to determine for certain the cause or causes of the crash.
# Eastline Marketing

Eastline Digital (formerly Eastline Marketing) is a digital marketing agency based in the Middle East. It was one of the first companies in the MENA region to offer a full range of online marketing services such as social media marketing, paid search marketing (PSM), search engine optimization (SEO) and online advertising.

## History

The agency was founded in 2006 by Marc Dfouni and Nemr Nicolas Badine. Prior to Eastline’s establishment, Dfouni was the general manager of a web interactive agency in Canada. Badine meanwhile designed multimedia systems used in live performances by artists such as U2, Paul McCartney and Madonna. At the time of Eastline’s inception, the online marketing field was virtually nonexistent in the MENA region. However, little by little, Internet use in the Middle East began growing considerably. As a result of this, the agency started expanding its operations and working with clients based in Dubai, Qatar, Egypt, Syria and Saudi Arabia.
Eastline has developed campaigns for Middle Eastern and global brands such as Toyota, AZADEA Group, DHL, Kimberly-Clark, Bank Audi, Fransabank, Henkel, Avis, AXA Insurance, Marks & Spencer, JoueClub, and Waterfront City. It also organized and implemented a holistic online strategy for the 2009 Beirut Marathon. The agency has produced its own web platform named Sweepz, which allows clients to launch social media promotional campaigns. Sweepz is the only platform that supports the Arabic language.
Dfouni and Badine were selected as high impact entrepreneurs by Endeavor (an NGO that supports entrepreneurs of emerging market countries) in 2011. Dfouni was also selected as a Young Creative Entrepreneur by the British Council’s Creative Economy Programme. According to Dfouni, the company’s main aim is to “become the leading digital marketing player in the Middle East by 2016”.

## Awards

Eastline Digital has garnered two Webby awards for Best Green Site and also won the People’s Voice Award. It was successful in 2010 at the Gemini Awards where it won the Best Original Program or Series Produced for Digital Media. This award was given out by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television for the website “Love Letters of the Future”, designed to raise public awareness of the 2009 Copenhagen Summit and environmental issues. It was also a finalist at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival in 2010 and at the SXSW Awards. In 2013, Eastline Digital's founders earned the Endeavor Advocate award at the 2013 Omidyar Network.
# Glen Lyon

Glen Lyon (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Lìomhann) is a glen in the Perth and Kinross region of Scotland. It is the longest enclosed glen in Scotland and runs for 34 miles (55 kilometres) from Loch Lyon in the west to the village of Fortingall in the east.
This glen was also known as An Crom Ghleann ("The Bent Glen"). The land given over to the MacGregors was An Tòiseachd. It forms part of the Loch Rannoch and Glen Lyon National Scenic Area, one of forty such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development by restricting certain forms of development. Sir Walter Scott described Glen Lyon as the "longest, loneliest and loveliest glen in Scotland". Apart from a few scattered farms and cottages throughout the glen, the only real settlements are at Fortingall and Bridge of Balgie.
The glen contains several small hamlets and has a primary school where Gaelic is taught weekly.

## History

Quite densely inhabited from prehistoric times (as many archaeological sites attest), although its present population is of modest size, the glen has been home to many Scottish clans, including Clan MacGregor, Lyon, Menzies, Stewart, Macnaughtan, MacGibbon and the Campbell lairds of Glen Lyon.
At the end of the 11th century the de Leons (later shortened to "Lyon") had come north with Prince Edgar, son of Malcolm III of Scotland to fight against his uncle, Donald Bane. Edgar was victorious and the de Leons received lands that were later called Glen Lyon in Perthshire. Local Tacksman Robert Campbell of Glenlyon (1630–1696), led the troops of the Earl of Argyll's Regiment of Foot during their involvement in the infamous massacre of the MacDonalds at Glencoe in 1691. A magnificent silver-gilt brooch set with precious stones belonging to the Campbell lairds of Glen Lyon (that has been dated to the early 16th century) is currently in the British Museum.
Glen Lyon, also written Glenlyon, has been the home of (among others) early Christian monks (including Adomnán [locally Eonán] (died 704), Abbot of Iona and biographer of St Columba). It contains at least two castles: Meggernie Castle [still inhabited] and Carnbane Castle [ruined].
Their history is described in Alexander Stewart's A Highland Parish (1928), and Duncan Campbell's The Lairds of Glenlyon (1886).

## Notable people

* Isobel Forrester an ecumenist was born at Glenlyon manse in 1895.
* Fr. James MacGregor (Scottish Gaelic: Maighstir Seumas MacGriogair), parish priest of Fortingall for the Catholic Church in Scotland during the early 16th-century, compiled the Book of the Dean of Lismore, the most important surviving manuscript collection of medieval Scottish Gaelic literature. His Chronicle, covering local events in a mixture of Middle Scots and Ecclesiastical Latin, is also still extant, and is an important historical source for the central Highlands.
* Watson Kirkconnell (1895–1977), a Canadian poet and public intellectual of proudly Highland Scottish descent, explored the legacy of his Glen Lyon ancestors in his memoirs.

## Gallery

* River Lyon
* Cattle in Glen Lyon
# Williamsford, Ontario

Williamsford is a village on the North Saugeen River in Grey County, Ontario, Canada (Chatsworth Township). It has a general store, Pie Company, post office, bookstore and restaurant housed in a historic grain mill. A small dam controls the North Saugeen River. It has several churches, and a community cemetery. It is located on Highway 6 between Durham and Owen Sound.
The village of Williamsford was first surveyed in 1858 comprising 400 acres in preparation for a railway which was to run from Toronto to Owen Sound. Each township was to contribute $40,000 to its construction. The post office was built in 1847 and the general store was built in the late 1800s.

## Recreation

At the south end of the village sits the community centre grounds. The grounds contain a playground, a baseball diamond and a newly built curling rink. The curling rink which was completed in 2010 consists of a lounge and two rinks.
The community was previously served by a hockey arena with the original attached curling rink. The arena was planned in 1954 and opened officially in 1956 and was torn down in 2008.

## Transportation

Ontario Highway 6 passes through the Williamsford.
# Jamalabad-e Kuseh

Jamalabad-e Kuseh (Persian: جمال اباد كوسه) is a village in, and the capital of, Jamalabad Rural District in Lowshan District of Rudbar County, Gilan province, Iran. It served as the capital of Kalashtar Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Aliabad in 2024. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kalashtar.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 519 in 135 households, when it was in Kalashtar Rural District of the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 442 people in 112 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 440 people in 148 households.
In 2024, 12 villages and the city of Lowshan were separated from the district in the formation of Lowshan District, and Jamalabad-e Kuseh was transferred to Jamalabad Rural District created in the new district.
# Royal Quest IV

Royal Quest IV was a professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on October 20, 2024, at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London, England and featured wrestlers from Revolution Pro Wrestling (RevPro).

## Production
### Background

Royal Quest IV was the fourth event in the Royal Quest chronology, following Royal Quest III.

### Storylines

Royal Quest IV featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1$^P$ | Young Blood (Yuto Nakashima and Oskar Leube) defeated Greedy Souls (Brendan White and Danny Jones) | Tag team match | 12:05 |
| 2 | Bullet Club (Taiji Ishimori and Robbie X) defeated CPF (Joe Lando and Danny Black) | Tag team match | 7:57 |
| 3 | AZM and Dani Luna defeated Mina Shirakawa and Kanji | Tag team match | 8:58 |
| 4 | Kosei Fujita defeated Michael Oku | Singles match | 9:57 |
| 5 | Yota Tsuji defeated Drilla Moloney | Singles match | 13:55 |
| 6 | Shota Umino defeated Callum Newman | Singles match | 16:44 |
| 7 | Taka Michinoku defeated Gedo (with David Finlay) | Singles match | 2:15 |
| 8 | David Finlay defeated Taka Michinoku | Singles match | 1:14 |
| 9 | Los Ingobernables de Japon (Tetsuya Naito, Hiromu Takahashi and Titán) defeated TMDK (Ryohei Oiwa and Robbie Eagles) and Máscara Dorada | Six-man tag team match | 11:37 |
| 10 | TMDK (Mikey Nicholls and Shane Haste) (c) defeated Hiroshi Tanahashi and Tomohiro Ishii | Tag team match for the Strong Openweight Tag Team Championship | 15:58 |
| 11 | Zack Sabre Jr. (c) defeated Sanada | Singles match for the IWGP World Heavyweight Championship | 25:34 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the matchP – the match was broadcast on the pre-show ||||
# Bougainville Executive Council

The Bougainville Executive Council is the cabinet of the Autonomous Bougainville Government, chaired by the President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville.

## Current Executive Council

The current executive council was formed after the 2020 Bougainvillean general election.
| Name | Portfolios |
| Ishmael Toroama | President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville |
| Patrick Nisira | Vice-President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville Minister for Economic Development |
| Ezekiel Massat | Attorney General Minister for Justice Minister for Post-Referendum Dialogue |
| Mathias Salas | Minister for Finance |
| Yolande Geraldine Paul | Minister for Primary Industries and Marine Resources |
| Theonila Roka Matbob | Minister for Education |
| Emmanuel Carlos Kaetavara | Minister for Policing |
| Thomas Tarii | Minister for Health |
| Thompson J. Gitovea | Minister for Community Development |
| Joseph Kim Swuamaru | Minister for Technical Services |
| Thomas Pataaku | Minister for Local Government |
| Joseph Mona | Minister for Public Services |
| Rodney Osioko | Minister for Minerals and Energy |
| Amanda Masono | Minister for Land, Planning, the Environment and Conservation |
# 2004 Scottish Cup final

The 2004 Scottish Cup Final was played on 22 May 2004 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 118th Scottish Cup. The final was contested by Dunfermline Athletic and Celtic. Celtic came from behind to win the match 3–1.

## Match details

DUNFERMLINE ATHLETIC: :
| GK | 20 | Derek Stillie |
| DF | 18 | Richie Byrne | 88' |
| DF | 5 | Andrius Skerla |
| DF | 4 | Darren Young |
| DF | 28 | Aaron Labonte |
| MF | 8 | Gary Mason | 82' |
| MF | 7 | Barry Nicholson |
| MF | 12 | Gary Dempsey | 60' |
| MF | 11 | Derek Young |
| FW | 10 | Craig Brewster |
| FW | 9 | Stephen Crawford |
| Substitutes: ||||
| GK | 30 | Scott Y. Thomson |
| DF | 32 | Andy Tod | 88' |
| DF | 22 | David Grondin | 82' |
| MF | 2 | Lee Bullen | 60' |
| FW | 31 | Billy Mehmet |
| Manager: ||||
| Jimmy Calderwood ||||
CELTIC: :
| GK | 22 | David Marshall |
| DF | 17 | Didier Agathe |
| DF | 4 | Jackie McNamara (c) |
| DF | 23 | Stanislav Varga |
| DF | 6 | Bobo Baldé |
| MF | 18 | Neil Lennon |
| MF | 19 | Stiliyan Petrov |
| MF | 11 | Stephen Pearson | 58' |
| MF | 8 | Alan Thompson |
| CF | 7 | Henrik Larsson |
| CF | 9 | Chris Sutton |
| Substitutes: ||||
| GK | 47 | Michael McGovern |
| DF | 35 | Johan Mjällby |
| MF | 14 | Paul Lambert |
| MF | 33 | Ross Wallace | 58' |
| FW | 37 | Craig Beattie |
| Manager: ||||
| Martin O'Neill ||||