OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brive-la-Gaillarde–Toulouse (via Capdenac) railway

The Brive-la-Gaillarde - Toulouse (via Capdenac) railway is a 248-kilometre French railway line that connects the rural areas between Brive-la-Gaillarde and the large southern city of Toulouse via Figeac and Capdenac. The railway was opened in several stages between 1858 and 1864.

## Route

The Brive-la-Gaillarde–Toulouse railway leaves the Brive-la-Gaillarde station in a southeastern direction, towards Saint-Denis-près-Martel station. Here, the line to Aurillac station leaves in an easterly direction and the preserved line to Martel in a westerly direction. The line soon crosses the River Dordogne and follows the valley for a short while before it opens out into flat land. The Figeac station is on two curves, where the line from Aurillac station joins. Shortly after leaving Figeac the railway travels through a 1.3 km tunnel and then travels alongside the River Lot and the preserved railway from Cahors joins; but this line has been disused since 2003. At Capdenac station the line to Rodez station leaves in an easterly direction. The line continues south from here, where after 95 km the line from Albi station and Rodez station join at Tessonnières station, although most interchanges are made at Gaillac station. From here the line twists and turns around the River Tarn until Saint-Sulpice-sur-Tarn station where the river heads northwest. At Saint-Sulpice the line from Castres station joins and the former line to Montauban leaves. The line continues a further 30 km before arriving at its southern terminus of Toulouse-Matabiau station.

### Main stations

The main stations on the Brive - Toulouse railway are:
* Brive-la-Gaillarde station
* Figeac station
* Capdenac station
* Gaillac station
* Saint-Sulpice-sur-Tarn station
* Toulouse-Matabiau station

## History

The first section that was opened in 1858 led from Lexos to Capdenac. Capdenac and Brive-la-Gaillarde were connected in 1862. Finally, the line was extended from Lexos to Toulouse in 1864.
Before the opening of this line in 1864, trains between Paris and Toulouse would travel via Tours and Bordeaux. The line remained the main link between Paris and Toulouse until 1891 when the Brive–Cahors section of the Orléans–Montauban railway was opened.
In 2010 a complete renewal of all the ballast between Capdenac and Tessonnières (95 km) took place.

### Accident

On 3 August 1985 at 3:48 p.m., at the height of Flaujac-Gare, there was a serious train accident involving a Corail intercity train towards Assier and a train towards Gramat.

## Services

The Brive–Toulouse railway is used by the following passenger services:
* Intercités de nuit night trains from Paris to Albi on the section between Brive and Capdenac
* TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine and TER Occitanie regional services on the whole line
# Maurice Kilgore

Maurice Kilgore was an American bowler, notable for being the first African American bowler to compete in a nationally televised tournament. He was also a member of the first team of African American bowlers to play in an American Bowling Congress tournament, a milestone that has been credited with breaking the color barrier in bowling.

## Career

Kilgore was born around 1920 and grew up in Detroit. In the early 1900s, Detroit was credited with having an unusually large and active African American bowling community.
In 1950, Kilgore won a National Singles Championship in bowling. Until that year (or the following one), the American Bowling Congress, which organized bowling tournaments and frequently broadcast the sport nationally on television, had a whites only clause which forbade nonwhite athletes from competing in its bowling tournaments. A few years after that clause was repealed, the first team of African American bowlers to compete in an American Bowling Congress tournament was the Allen Supermarket team composed of the bowlers Maurice Kilgore, Lafayette Allen Jr., Lavert Griffin, Bill Rhodman, and Clarence W. Williams Jr. They broke this record by competing in a tournament in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Because of this milestone, the team has been credited with helping to break the color barrier in bowling. Two of Kilgore's teammates became members of the United States Bowling Congress Hall of Fame.
In 1953, the Cleveland Courier named Kilgore part of its "all star team" of the nation's best African American bowlers.
In 1958, Kilgore competed with the Chicago bowler Stan Gifford at the Faetz-Niesen Bowling Alley in a game broadcast nationally as part of an American Bowling Congress television program. This made him the first African American bowler to compete in a nationwide television broadcast.
As of 1958, Kilgore had long been active in the National Bowling Association, and he had a 209 average in Motor City's Michigan Chronicle League. In 1959, he held the national all-time record for a 3-game cumulative score of 789, and by that time was averaging 202 points per game.
By 1960, Kilgore had become a feature in the bowling scene of Chicago. Kilgore's accomplishments were document by the historian Louis Moore in his 2017 book We Will Win the Day: the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Athlete, and the Quest for Equality.
# Dah Ould Abdi

Dah Ould Abdi (born April 18, 1951) is a Mauritanian diplomat who was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation from 2001 to 2002.
Ould Abdi was born in Aleg and attended secondary school in Nouakchott, the capital. He became press attaché for the Center for Information and Training (CIF) in Nouakchott in 1974. Subsequently, he was Editor in Chief at Radio Mauritania from 1975 to 1977 before going to study journalism in West Germany from 1977 to 1983. He was press advisor to the Head of State from 1983 to 1984 and head of the information service of Mauritanian Radio and Television from 1986 to 1988. From 1989 to 1993, he was First Advisor, responsible for Communication, at the Mauritanian embassy in Paris, and from 1993 to 1995 he was Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Mauritania to UNESCO. He was then Ambassador to France from 1995 until he was appointed Ambassador to Morocco in March 2000. He was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation on January 28, 2001; this was well-received even by papers close to the opposition.
He served as Foreign Minister until Mohamed Ould Tolba was appointed to replace him on October 27, 2002. Ould Abdi was subsequently Ambassador to Japan before being appointed Permanent Representative to the United Nations in April 2004. He presented his credentials as Permanent Representative on July 24, 2004.
He is fluent in Arabic, French, and German.
# Reusable Launch Vehicle

Reusable Launch Vehicle may refer to :
* 2nd Reusable Launch Vehicle program of NASA (including X-33), from 1994, major part of Space Launch Initiative
* RLV Technology Demonstration Programme of Indian Space Research Organisation to develop multiple reusable space launch vehicle.
* Reusable launch vehicles in general
# Eighth Corps Area

Eighth Corps Area was a military formation of the United States Army. Its headquarters was at Fort Sam Houston, TX. It was established on 20 August 1920 with headquarters at Fort Sam Houston, TX, and organized from portions of the discontinued Southern Department.
The Eighth Corps Area included the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. For administrative purposes and for tactical control in connection with border patrol field operations, that part of the state of Arizona that lies west of the 114 degree meridian and south of the 33 degree parallel was attached to the Ninth Corps Area. In May 1927, the Pole Mountain Reservation and the post of Fort D. A. Russell (later renamed Fort Francis E. Warren) in Wyoming came under the control of the Eighth Corps Area when the 4th Infantry Brigade was transferred to that post from Fort Sam Houston. The installations were returned to control of the Ninth Corps Area on 1 July 1939.
HQ, Eighth Corps Area was responsible for the mobilization, administration, and training of units of the Second and Fifth Armies, VIII and XVIII Army Corps, select GHQR units, and the Zone of the Interior (ZI) support units of the Eighth CASC. Mobile units of the corps area, less GHQR and ZI units, were assigned to the Third and Sixth Armies from 1921 to 1933.
Major Commands in the corps area included Third Army (1933–36 and 1940–41); VIII Corps: 2d Division with 3rd and 4th Infantry Brigades; 36th Division, 45th Division; XVIII Corps: 90th Division, 95th Division, 103d Division; the 1st Cavalry Division; the 3d Wing (1932–35); the 24th School Wing (1927–31); and the Eighth Corps Area Service Command.

## Commanders

* Maj. Gen. Joseph T. Dickman 1 September 1920–6 October 1921
* Maj. Gen. John L. Hines 7 October 1921–20 November 1922
* Maj. Gen. Edward M. Lewis 20 November 1922–11 October 1924
* Maj. Gen. Charles P. Summerall 12 October 1924–15 January 1925
* Maj. Gen. Ernest Hinds 16 January 1925–3 January 1928
* Maj. Gen. Thomas Q. Donaldson 4 January 1928–28 April 1928
* Maj. Gen. Albert J. Bowley 29 April 1928–24 December 1928
* Maj. Gen. William Lassiter 24 December 1928–27 July 1930
* Brig. Gen. Halstead Dorey 27 July 1930–21 November 1930
* Maj. Gen. Edwin B. Winans 22 November 1930–30 September 1933
* Maj. Gen. Johnson Hagood 3 October 1933–27 February 1936
* Maj. Gen. Henry W. Butner 27 February 1936–19 March 1936
* Brig. Gen. Hamilton S. Hawkins 19 March 1936–4 April 1936
* Maj. Gen. Frank Parker 4 April 1936–30 September 1936
* Maj. Gen. Herbert J. Brees 1 October 1936–9 November 1940
* Maj. Gen. Richard Donovan 10 November 1940–August 1942
Lieutenant General Walton Walker was given command of the succeeding Eighth Service Command, headquartered in Dallas, from May 1945 to May 1946.
# Raffaele

Raffaele (Italian:) is an Italian given name and surname, variant of the English Raphael. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Raffaele Amato, Italian mobster
* Raffaele Cutolo, Italian mobster
* Raffaele Ganci, Italian mobster
* Raffaele Cantone, Italian magistrate
* Raffaele Di Gennaro, Italian footballer
* Raffaele De Rosa, Italian motorcycle racer
* Raffaele Di Paco, Italian cyclist
* Raffaele Fitto, Italian politician
* Raffaele Guariglia, Italian politician
* Raffaele Lombardo, Italian politician
* Raffaele Palladino, Italian footballer
* Raffaele Pinto, Italian racing driver
* Raffaele Pisu, Italiano actor
* Raffaele Riario, Italian cardinal
* Raffaele Rossetti, Italian politician
* Raffaele Carlo Rossi, Italian cardinal
* Raffaele Viviani, Italian artist
* Raffaele Contigiani (1920–2008), Italian architect

## Surname

* Virginia Raffaele, Italian actress
# Oscar Salomón

Oscar Camilo Salomón (born 22 March 1999) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Platense, on loan from Boca Juniors.

## Club career

Salomón's youth career started with Centro De Educación Física Nº18, with whom he notably won the Gothia Cup with; which was followed by a move to Boca Juniors in 2012. On 1 August 2019, Salomón agreed to join newly promoted Primera División team Central Córdoba on loan. After being an unused substitute in the league against Talleres on 16 August, the defender appeared for his professional debut on 21 August in a Copa Argentina victory versus All Boys; featuring for forty-five minutes, prior to Francisco Manenti coming on in his place.
In January 2022, Salomón was loaned out to Tigre until the end of 2022.

## International career

Salomón represented Argentina's U20s at the 2018 South American Games in Bolivia, notably scoring in a semi-final loss to Uruguay. He also received a call-up to their U19s.

## Personal life

Salomón's father and grandfather were both footballers, his father Fabián played for San Martín while grandfather Oscar appeared for Central Norte.

## Career statistics

    As of 22 August 2019.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Boca Juniors | 2019–20 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Central Córdoba (loan) | 2019–20 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Culoz–Modane railway

The Culoz–Modane railway (sometimes called Ligne de la Maurienne) is a 135 kilometres (84 miles) long railway running from Culoz, near Chambéry, through Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne to Modane in France. Together with the Italian Turin–Modane railway it is often called "Fréjus Railway" or "Mont Cenis Railway".
Despite running under the Fréjus Pass, it is sometimes called the Mont Cenis Railway because, from antiquity until the Fréjus Rail Tunnel was opened in 1871, most people used the Mont Cenis Pass to get between France and Italy. From 1868 to 1871 the temporary Mont Cenis Pass Railway ran over the Mont Cenis pass to link the French and Italian railways.
The Culoz–Modane railway is owned and operated by the SNCF, and the line from Modane to Turin that connects with it is operated by FS.

## History

The Victor Emmanuel Railway, which included both the Culoz–Modane railway across Savoy and the Turin–Modane railway across Piedmont, was largely built in the 1850s by the Kingdom of Sardinia and named after its king, Victor Emmanuel II. The section between Culoz and Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne was opened between 1856 and 1858.
Until 1860 Sardinia included both Savoy and Piedmont. Then however, ownership of Savoy and the County of Nice passed to France. In 1862 the Culoz–Modane railway became part of the Paris-Lyon-Marseille Railway and the line was extended to Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne. The remaining section between Saint-Michel and Modane and the tunnel towards Italy were opened on 16 October 1871.
On 12 December 1917, a troop train derailed at speed at Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne killing several hundred soldiers; see Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne derailment.

## Description

The 20-kilometre-long (12 mi) section between St. Michel to Modane on the north side of the Mont Cenis Tunnel has a maximum inclination (gradient) of 3%, an average inclination of 2.1% and a smallest curvature radius of 350 metres (1,150 ft). The erection of support structures in difficult areas with danger from landslides, and of tunnels with a total length of 4,624 metres (15,171 ft) was necessary. The 41-kilometre-long (25 mi) section between Bardonecchia and the south terminus of the Mont Cenis Tunnel has a maximum inclination of 3 per cent, an average inclination of 2.05% and a smallest curvature of radius of 450 metres (1,480 ft). On this section 18 bridges and 26 tunnels with a total length of 8,115 metres (26,624 ft) were built.
In 1925 the railway between Modane and Chambéry was electrified with 1.5 kV DC, using a third rail. This was the highest voltage ever used on a third rail system in Europe. In 1976 the third rail was replaced by an overhead wire.
# AAUSat-2

AAUSAT-II (Aalborg University CubeSat no 2) is the second student-built CubeSat built and operated by students from Aalborg University in Denmark. It was launched 28 April 2008 05:53:51 UTC from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in India on a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launch vehicle. AAUSAT-II carries a gamma radiation sensor.

## Educational objective

The primary purpose of the construction of satellites at the University of Aalborg is to give the students engineering capabilities beyond what is normally achieved within a masters program.

## History

Student satellite activities at Aalborg University (AAU) started in 2003 as a result of AAU's involvement in the first pure Danish research satellite, Ørsted, which was successfully launched in 1999. AAUSAT-II's predecessor was AAU CubeSat which was constructed in the period 2001-2003 and was launched 30 June 2003. The project started in the summer 2003. The construction of AAUSAT-II began in 2005.

## Operations

After the launch on 28 April 2008, AAUSat-2 beacon was received at Cal Poly University in California but two-way amateur radio communications could not be achieved as it turned out that AAUSat-2 was transmitting at a lower level than anticipated. After upgrades to the ground station were completed, fully functional two-way communication were achieved and continued with normal operations until May 2009 after a year of successful operation.
The ground station has remained in operation and beacons are received on a regular basis, and AAUSat-2 is still considered operational, although heavy tumbling is observed (December 2009). Beacons were still received on a regular basis as of March 2011. In addition, AAUSat-2 does receive and acknowledge commands from ground, and log files have been requested and received. Due to the very high tumbling (more than 2.5 Hz) it has not been possible to decode log files.
In March 2012, the AAUSAT-II mission was officially retired by the project — but the CubeSat is still up and running. As of 2022, the satellite continues to function.

## Mission definition

AAUSAT-II consists of several sub-systems:
* ADCS: Attitude Determination and Control System
* CDH: Command and Datahandling System
* COM: Communication System
* EPS: Electrical Power System
* GND: Ground Station
* MCC: Mission Control Center
* MECH: Mechanical System
* OBC: On-board Computer System
* P/L: Payload System
Technical details:
| Dimensions | 100 by 100 by 113 millimetres (3.9 in × 3.9 in × 4.4 in) CubeSat standard |
| Mass | 750 grams (26 oz) |
| Expected lifetime | Minimum 1 month, extended until end of lifetime |
| Attitude determination system | Sun sensors, gyro sensors, magnetometers |
| Attitude control system | Momentum wheel and magnetic coils |
| Power | Solar-cell panels located in satellite surface |
| Batteries | Li-ion 8.2V 2200 mAh |
| Power bus | 3.3 and 5V regulated |

## Amateur radio information

* Callsign: OZ2CUB
* Up/downlink: 437.425 MHz AFSK & FSK
* Bit rate: 1200-9600 bit/s (1200 as standard mode)
* AX.25 FM CW TLM
# Roosevelt Mall

Roosevelt Mall is a medium-sized outdoor shopping mall, located along Pennsylvania Route 73 (Cottman Avenue) between Bustleton Avenue west end and U.S. Route 1 (Roosevelt Boulevard) in the east end, or Rhawnhurst neighborhood, of Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The mall has 45 stores and services. It is currently anchored by a large, three-level Macy's department store on its east end. Since 2015, the mall has featured a flea market on Saturdays during the summer.

## History

Since opening in 1964, Roosevelt Mall anchors have included S. Klein, Wanamaker's, Hecht's, Strawbridge's, and Macy's. The original anchor, S. Klein, closed in 1975 due to financial problems of its owner, McCrory Stores. It was replaced by Wanamaker's in 1976 and was converted to Hecht's in 1995 following May Department Stores' acquisition of the Wanamaker's chain. About a year later, Hecht's became Strawbridge's. During the Strawbridge's years, it had a bargain basement in which all furniture and goods were marked down by 80%. Following Federated Department Stores' acquisition of May Department Stores in 2005, Strawbridge's was rebranded as Macy's a year later, in 2006.
The mall was also home to a location of prominent cheesesteak restaurant chain Jim's Steaks, closed due to health violations in 2017.
On January 31, 2025, a Learjet 55 crashed on the perimeter of the mall shortly after takeoff from Northeast Philadelphia Airport, killing 7 people (6 in aircraft, 1 on ground) and injuring several others.

## Great Northeast Plaza

Located directly across from Roosevelt Mall is Great Northeast Plaza, which was formerly anchored by Sears. Prior to Sears, it was anchored by Gimbels.
# Steering linkage

A steering linkage is the part of an automotive steering system that connects to the front wheels.
The steering linkage which connects the steering gearbox to the front wheels consists of a number of rods. These rods are connected with a socket arrangement similar to a ball joint, called a tie rod end, allowing the linkage to move back and forth freely so that the steering effort will not interfere with the vehicles up-and-down motion as the wheel moves over roads. The steering gears are attached to a rear rod which moves when the steering wheel is turned. The rear rod is supported at one end.

## Technology

Most modern cars have a fully mechanical steering linkage system, but a recent innovation is the steer by wire system.
# Triptorelin

Triptorelin, sold under the brand name Decapeptyl among others, is a medication that acts as an agonist analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, repressing expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
It is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH$_2$) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) used as the acetate or pamoate salts.
Primary indications include endometriosis, for the reduction of uterine fibroids, to treat prostate cancer, and to treat male hypersexuality with severe sexual deviation. The drug has also been used off label to delay puberty in patients with gender dysphoria.
It was patented in 1975 and approved for medical use in 1986. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

## Medical uses

Triptorelin is used to treat prostate cancer as part of androgen deprivation therapy.
Another common use in the United Kingdom is for hormone replacement therapy to suppress testosterone or estrogen levels in transgender people (in conjunction with estradiol valerate for trans women or testosterone for trans men). Spironolactone and cyproterone acetate are other drugs used by trans people to suppress sex hormones, but these drugs have a completely different mechanism of action. It can also be used as a puberty blocker in the case of precocious puberty.
Triptorelin has been used as a chemical castration agent for reducing sexual urges in sex offenders.

## Drug action

Triptorelin is a gonadorelin analogue, also known as luteinizing hormone releasing analogue (GnRH analogue, LHRH analogue). The drug binds to receptors in the pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of gonadotropins (namely luteinizing hormone LH and follicle-stimulating hormone FSH). This causes an initial phase of LH and FSH stimulation, prior to down-regulation of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors, thereby reducing the release of gonadotropins in the long term, which in turn leads to the inhibition of androgen and estrogen production.

## Side-effects

General side effects can include:
* Anaphylaxis
* Arthralgia
* Asthenia
* Asthma
* Breast tenderness (males and females)
* Changes in blood pressure
* Changes in breast size
* Depression
* Ovarian cysts
* Mood changes
* Skin rashes
* Hot flashes
* Weight changes

## Society and culture
### Brand names

Triptorelin is marketed under the brand names Decapeptyl (Ipsen) for treating prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine myomas, and precocious puberty, and Diphereline and Gonapeptyl (Ferring Pharmaceuticals). In the United States, it is sold by Watson Pharmaceuticals as Trelstar and by Arbor Pharmaceuticals as Triptodur (an extended-release 6-month depot injection). In Iran, triptorelin is marketed under the brand name Variopeptyl. In the UK and Germany, it is sold as Salvacyl for the treatment of sexual deviations.

## History

Triptorelin was developed in Andrew V. Schally's lab at Tulane University. Debiopharm licensed the drug from Tulane in 1982.

## Research

Triptorelin and other antiandrogens may be effective in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder.