OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Shah

Purna Bikram Shah (Nepali: पूर्णविक्रम शाह) professionally known as Paul Shah, is a Nepali film actor, and model who is well known for his work in the Nepali film industry. Starting off behind the scenes as a video editor, Paul Shah got his film breakthrough from Nai Nabhannu La 4. Since then, Shah has made an appearance in the romantic drama Ma Yesto Geet Gauchu, action film Johnny Gentleman produced by Bikram Basnet, directed by Nitin Chand, and family drama Shatru Gate. He later worked in a social drama Bir Birkam 2, part of the Bir Bikram series and Ma Yesto Geet Gauchhu 2.

## Filmography

Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| Year(A.D) | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
| 2016 | Nai Nabhannu La 4 | Neer | Bikash Raj Acharya | Debut film |
| 2017 | Ma Yesto Geet Gauchhu | Paul | Sudarshan Thapa | SUPERHIT |
| 2017 | Johnny Gentlemen | Johnny | Nitin Chand | |
| 2018 | Shatru Gate | Suraj | Pradeep Bhattrai | blockbuster film |
| 2019 | Bir Bikram 2 | Bir | Milan Chams | |
| 2020 | Hridaya Bhari | Koshish | Suraj Subba "Nalbo" | |
| 2022 | Ma Yesto Geet Gauchhu 2 | Paul | Sudarshan Thapa | SUPERHIT |
| 2024 | Pujar Sarki | Meghraj Khatri | Dinesh Raut | |
| 2024 | Rawayan | Ragav Kancha | Sudarshan Thapa | double role |
| 2025 | Mayavi † | | Diwakar Bhattari | releasing on falgun 14 |

## Awards

List of awards and nominations :
| Year | Ceremony | Category | Work | Result |
| 2014 | Bindabasini Music Award 2071 | Best Model of the Year (Pop & Modern Music Category) With Prakriti Shrestha | I Love You Song | Won |
| 2016 | 8th Dcine Awards 2016 | Best New actor | Nai Nabhannu La 4 | Won |
| 2016/ 2017 | NFDC award 2072 & 2074 | Best New actor | *Nai Nabhannu La 4 *Ma Yesto Geet Gauchhu | Nominated |
| 2018 | Surya Film Award | Best Actor | Ma Yesto Geet Gauchhu | Won |
| 2022 | Dcine Award | Best Actor | Ma Yesto Geet Gauchhu 2 | Won |
| 2022 | LG Cine Circle Award | Best On Screen Couple Of The Year | Ma Yesto Geet Gauchhu 2 | Won |
| 2024 | Bindabasini Music Award 2080 | Popular Actor Of The Year 2080 | Timi Ra Ma Jaam Maya Song | Won |
# Rati Bregadze

Rati Bregadze (Georgian: რატი ბრეგაძე; born 12 December 1982), is a Georgian politician and official who has served as the Minister of Justice of Georgia since 1 April 2021.

## Biography

Bregadze was born on 12 December 1982.
From 2000 to 2005, he studied at the Faculty of Law of Tbilisi State University. In then he studied at various universities in Germany.
From 2011 to 2012, he was a lawyer of the legal company "Mgaloblishvili, Kifiani, Dzidziguri", head of the German department.
From 2012 to 2013, he was the head of the National Center for Children and Youth. From 2013 to 2015 he was the Deputy Minister of Sports and Youth Affairs.
On 1 April 2021, Bregadze was appointed Minister of Justice. Prior to that position, he was the Deputy Minister of Defense.
On 9 February 2024, Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze reappointed Bregadze to his cabinet as the Minister of Justice.
On 12 April, he visited with the Georgian delegation in Yerevan and met Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Vice President of the National Assembly of Armenia Ruben Rubinyan, to discuss cooperation between the justice sectors and parliamentary relations.
On 23 May, as the court in Strasbourg found that Mikheil Saakashvili defense's right's had not been violated and had a fair trial, he stated on Facebook that it ended with a "complete victory for our state."
# Kimera Evo 37

The Kimera EVO37 is a Restomod supercar produced by Kimera Automobili as a reminiscence of the Lancia Rally 037.

## Overview

The Rally 037 is a vehicle designed by the Italian car manufacturer Lancia for rallying. Due to the homologation, there was also a street legal variant. A total of 257 Rally 037s were built in the 1980s.
In May 2021, the Italian rally driver Luca Betti presented a new edition, which, like the Rally 037, is based on a Lancia Beta Montecarlo. However, only the passenger cell with the chassis number came from the Montecarlo. The remaining components were newly developed. The new edition, limited to 37 copies, had its public premiere at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in July 2021. Production takes place in Piedmont, Italy at Kimera Automobili. The company name comes from the Italian language and stands for the chimera, a hybrid creature from Greek mythology. It can also be seen on the manufacturer's emblem. The base price of the sports car before taxes initially was €400.000, but following major upgrades in terms of materials and technologies used, it was gradually raised to €720.000 in 2024.

## Specifications

The whole body of the EVO37 is made of carbon fiber. The chassis with two double wishbones at the front and rear was developed by Öhlins. The carbon-ceramic brake system comes from Brembo. Compared to the Rally 037, the Kimera has been modernized and better equipped. For example, it has LED lights, an anti-lock braking system , air conditioning and a camera-based interior mirror. The Evo 37 has a weight of 1,050 kg (2,310 lb) and is powered by a 371 kW (505 hp) four-cylinder petrol engine with a displacement of 2150 cc, custom-made from scratch by Italtecnica. In contrast to the Rally 037, the engine of the new edition not only has a supercharger, but also a turbocharger for the high power ranges: this kind of engine was present in the Lancia Delta S4, the successor of the Rally 037. The car accelerates to 100 km/h (62 mph) in three seconds and has a top speed of 310 km/h (190 mph). The 6-speed manual gearbox is custom-made by Dana Graziano for Kimera Automobili. The instrument cluster is a modern interpretation of the original Lancia 037's dashboard.
# Tirawa (crater)

Tirawa is the largest impact basin on Saturn's moon Rhea. It was glimpsed by Voyager 1 during its flyby of the moon and later photographed in greater detail by the Cassini orbiter. Tirawa is elongated in shape and overlaps Mamaldi, a larger and more degraded basin to its southwest.

## Observation and naming

Tirawa was first observed by the Voyager 1 as it captured imagery of Rhea during its flyby of the Saturn system on 13 November 1980. Though poorly imaged from the Voyager 1 encounter, Tirawa was identified as an impact structure by 1983 and provisionally named Basin A. Tirawa was later named after the primary deity in Pawnee mythology, Tirawa; the name was officially approved by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1987. Tirawa was later observed in greater detail by the Cassini orbiter in multiple flybys of Rhea throughout the late 2000s and the 2010s.

## Geology

With a rough diameter of 350 kilometers, Tirawa is the largest identified impact structure on Rhea. Tirawa is a peak-ring impact basin, with a degraded inner ring of ridges and plateaus roughly 180 kilometers across. Individual ridges in the peak ring are typically ~50 kilometers across at their base and rise 1–3 kilometers above the basin floor. Tirawa is slightly elongated into an ellipsoid, with an a/b ratio of ~0.9, indicating that it was created in a low-angle oblique impact. Based on the crater counting method, Tirawa is about 4 billion years old.
The impact event that created Tirawa ejected massive amounts of material, with up to ~15-20% of the material ejected at speeds exceeding Rhea's escape velocity. Any such impact ejecta would've escaped Rhea's influence entirely, directly orbiting Saturn. Some of the ejecta later impacted Rhea, likely accounting for a large amount of Rhea's small craters.
# SNCF Class BB 62400

The SNCF Class BB 62400 diesel locomotives were former NS Class 2400 [nl] locomotives purchased by the SNCF between 1990 and 1992. They were retired by the French railway on December 19, 2007.
# Eye of a Hurricane (John Anderson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B+ |
Eye of a Hurricane is the sixth studio album by American country music artist John Anderson. It was released in June 1984. It produced singles in its title track, "She Sure Got Away with My Heart", and "I Wish I Could Write You a Song". It was re-released in 2007.

## Personnel

* Guitar: John Anderson, Fred Carter Jr., Bill Emerson, Peter Michaud, Vern Pilder, Buck Reid. Mandolin: Tom Morley
* Bass: Larry Emmons, X. Lincoln
* Keyboards: Mike Jordan
* Drums: James Wolfe
* Percussion: Lou Bradley
* Saxophone: Bill Puett
* Harmonica: Mack Vickery
* Strings: Jack Abell, John Catchings, Mark Feldman, Jim Grosjean, Cornelia Heard, Ted Madsen, Bob Mason, Conni McCollister, Laura Molyneaux, Tom Morley, Sam Terranova, Kristin Wilkinson
* Backing Vocals: Deeanna Anderson Wall, Donna Kay Anderson, Jamie Anderson

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Canadian Country Albums (RPM) | 16 |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1984) | Position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 43 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Peak positions |
| Year | Single | US Country | CAN Country |
| 1984 | "I Wish I Could Write You a Song" | 14 | 12 |
| 1984 | "She Sure Got Away with My Heart" | 3 | 4 |
| 1985 | "Eye of a Hurricane" | 20 | 17 |
# Big Springs Creek (South Branch Verdigre Creek tributary)

Big Springs Creek is a 10.78 mi (17.35 km) long third-order tributary to South Branch Verdigre Creek in Antelope County, Nebraska.

## Course

Big Springs Creek rises on the Elkhorn River divide about 1.5 miles [CONVERT] west of Orchard, Nebraska in Antelope County and then flows north and northeast to join South Branch Verdigre Creek about 5 miles [CONVERT] north-northeast of Orchard, Nebraska.

## Watershed

Big Springs Creek drains 30.98 square miles (80.2 km$^2$) of area, receives about 26.1 in/year [CONVERT] of precipitation, has a wetness index of 539.52, and is about 2.32% forested.
# When We Dance

"When We Dance" is a song by English musician Sting. It was released as a single on 17 October 1994 and is one of two new tracks included on his first greatest hits album, Fields of Gold: The Best of Sting 1984–1994 (1994), alongside "This Cowboy Song". The song became Sting's only solo top 10 hit in his native UK and reached the top 40 in five other countries.

## Background

Described by Sting as a "generic ballad", "When We Dance" was written specifically to be included as a new track for the Fields of Gold compilation. The song reportedly took a year to write: "I had the melody around for a whole year before I thought of what to do with it... Then it just fell in place. It wasn't one of those songs written in five minutes."
Upon its release, "When We Dance" peaked at number 9 in the UK, becoming Sting's only top ten solo single in his home country. It also reached the top ten in Canada (number 10) and Ireland (number 9). The song was less successful in the US, peaking at number 38.
The song was promoted with a music video directed by Howard Greenhalgh.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Sting.
* CD1
* "When We Dance" (Edit) – 4:55
* "Fortress Around Your Heart" (Hugh Padgham Remix) – 4:10
* "When We Dance" (Album Version) – 5:59
* "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" (Soulpower Mix) – 7:00
* CD2
* "When We Dance" (Edit) – 4:55
* "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" (Soulpower Radio Mix) – 4:34
* "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" (Soulpower Deep Dub) – 8:19
* "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" (Soulpower Hip Hop Mix) – 5:37
* Maxi–single (Europe)
* "When We Dance" (Edit) – 4:55
* "Fortress Around Your Heart" (Hugh Padgham Remix) – 4:10
* "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" (Soulpower Mix) – 7:00
* "If You Love Somebody Set Them Free" (Soulpower Deep Dub) – 8:19
# Lord Erskine

The Lordship of Parliament of Erskine (Lord Erskine) was created around 1426 for Sir Robert Erskine. The sixth lord was created Earl of Mar in 1565, with which title (and the earldom of Kellie) the lordship then merged.

## Lords Erskine (c. 1426)

* Robert Erskine, 1st Lord Erskine (d. 1453)
* Thomas Erskine, 2nd Lord Erskine (d. c.1491)
* Alexander Erskine, 3rd Lord Erskine (d. c.1509)
* Robert Erskine, 4th Lord Erskine (d. 1513)
* John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine (d. 1552)
* John Erskine, 6th Lord Erskine (d. 1572): became Earl of Mar in 1565
* For further lords see Earl of Mar (first, and seventh, creations) and Earl of Kellie.
# Trans-Cyclooctene

trans-Cyclooctene is a cyclic hydrocarbon with the formula [–(CH$_2$)$_6$CH=CH–], where the two C–C single bonds adjacent to the double bond are on opposite sides of the latter's plane. It is a colorless liquid with a disagreeable odor.
Cyclooctene is notable as the smallest cycloalkene that is readily isolated as its trans-isomer. The cis-isomer is much more stable; the ring-strain energies being 16.7 and 7.4 kcal/mol, respectively.
| cis-Cyclooctene in chair conformation | (R$_p$)-trans-Cyclooctene in crown conformation |
A planar arrangement of the ring carbons would be too strained, and therefore the stable conformations of the trans form have a bent (non-planar) ring. Computations indicate that the most stable "crown" conformation has the carbon atoms alternately above and below the plane of the ring. A "half-chair" conformation, with about 6 kcal/mol higher energy, has carbons 2,3,5,6, and 8 on the same side of the plane of carbons 1,4, and 7.
All conformations of trans-cyclooctene are chiral (specifically, what some call planar-chiral) and the enantiomers can be separated. In theory, conversion of between the enantiomers can be done, without breaking any bonds, by twisting the whole –CH=CH– group, rigidly, by 180 degrees. However, that entails passing one of its hydrogens through the crowded ring.

## Preparation

trans-Cyclooctene was first synthesized on a preparatory scale by Arthur C. Cope with a Hofmann elimination reaction of N,N,N-trimethylcyclooctylammonium iodide. The reaction gives a mixture of cis and trans isomers, and the trans isomer is selectively trapped as a complex with silver nitrate.
Other methods exist where the trans isomer is synthesized from the cis isomer in several synthetic steps. For instance, it can be prepared in almost 100% yield by converting the cis isomer to 1,2-epoxycyclooctane ("cyclooctene oxide") followed by reactions with lithium diphenylphosphide (LiPPh $_2$) and with methyl iodide CH $_3$I. (Similar procedures can give cis,trans isomers of 1,4-cyclooctadiene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene).
In addition, a photochemical method exists for the direct cis–trans isomerisation. Although this equilibrium strongly favours the more stable cis form, the reaction can be driven towards the trans form by trapping with silver ions.

## Reactions

Because of the higher internal strain on the double bond, the trans isomer is more reactive than the cis isomer and of typical unsaturated hydrocarbons. For instance, its double bond will rapidly add tetrazine and its derivatives. The compound also readily polymerizes with a ruthenium-based initiator.
# MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences

The Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, engages in fundamental research in the areas of brain and neural systems, and cognitive processes. The department is within the School of Science at the MIT and began initially as the Department of Psychology founded by the psychologist Hans-Lukas Teuber in 1964. In 1986 the MIT Department of Psychology merged with the Whittaker College integrating Psychology and Neuroscience research to form the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences.

## Research

The department aims to understand the basic processes of intelligence and brain processes. It has four main themes of research:

### Molecular and cellular neuroscience

    This deals with biology of neurons and cellular physiology.

### Systems neuroscience

    This deals with developing models of cognitive processes at the neural level. This includes developing algorithms and mathematical models of neural activity.

### Cognitive science

    This engages in the research of mind through the interdisciplinary approaches of psychology, computer science, mathematics and linguistics for the experimental analysis and mathematical modeling of cognitive processes. The Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences works in collaboration with the McGovern Institute and the Picower Institute, also at the MIT.

### Computation

    This deals with the development of theoretical models that explains the processes of memory, language and reasoning using computer simulations and computational models.
The Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences work in close collaboration with the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Computer Science department and the Center for Biological and Computational Learning at MIT.

## Notable researchers

* Emilio Bizzi - Neuroscience
* Suzanne Corkin - Neuro-psychology
* Roland William Fleming - Experimental psychology
* Steven Pinker - Cognitive psychology
* Tomaso Poggio - Mathematical cognitive science
* Rebecca Saxe - Psychology
* Joshua Tenenbaum- Mathematical cognitive psychology
# Battle of Chinagodrar

On 9 January 2020, a large group of Islamic State in the Greater Sahara militants assaulted a Nigerien military base at Chinagodrar, in Niger's Tillabéri Region. They attacked an army post in Chinagodrar, in the west of the country, in Tillabéri Region, 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the border with Mali, 210 kilometres (130 miles) north of Niamey. At least 89 Nigerien soldiers were confirmed to have been killed in the attack, with more casualties suspected, making it the worst attack on the army since the start of the insurgency. The Nigerien government said that 77 militants were killed.

## Background

Since 2015 Niger has suffered from a Jihadist insurgency in the western part of the country from militants based in neighbouring Mali. This attack followed those in Niger on 10 and 25 December 2019.

## Attack

The attack on the army post by the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (IS-GS) militants was launched from two directions. In the west, several heavily armed vehicles came from Akabar, Mali, while in the east, men riding several dozen motorcycles came from the Ikrafane forest in Niger. Prior to the attack, the IS-GS militants had rendered the GSM network inoperative after shelling the village of Dareydey. Despite the communication setback, Nigerien soldiers were able to contact air support through radio which came 20 minutes later in the form of a French Mirage 2000D that routed the IS-GS militants in a show of force. Following this, American reaper drones executed two strikes on the retreating militants.
The attack left at least 89 Nigerien soldiers dead and possibly more as some were buried immediately after the attack in Chinagodrar. 77 IS-GS militants were also killed.

## Aftermath

The Nigerien government declared three days of national mourning after the battle. Nigerien President Mahamadou Issoufou fired General Ahmed Mohamed, the chief of the Nigerien Army, and replaced him with Major General Salifou Modi.
Several hundred inhabitants of Chinagodrar, mainly former Malian refugees from the 2012 rebellion, fled the region and took refuge in Andéramboukane, Mali.
# Serripes groenlandicus

Serripes groenlandicus, the Greenland cockle, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Cardiidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Greenland to Cape Cod, as well as along the Pacific coast, from Alaska to Washington.
# Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre

Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre (22 January 1599 – 28 October 1638), was educated at Oxford and acceded to the title in 1637 but enjoyed his honours but a short time, and followed his father to the grave in little more than a year. In 1620, he married Mary (1603–1685), daughter of Anthony Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montague. She was a charitable and gallant Royalist and Catholic, once defying a troop of over a hundred Cromwellian / Roundhead / parliamentary soldiers alone, who wished to search Ingatestone Hall. She was a woman destined to have a long and troubled widowhood. Many are the notices in the State Papers about the Petre property in her days until she died in 1685, two years after her son.
When Lord Petre died in 1638 an inventory showed that he had no debts, £7,500 cash in hand (approximately £657,000 today) and £4,000 in realizable loans (approximately £350,000 today). The rents for Essex and Devon totalled £13,500 (approximately £1.183 million today); owing to inflation, the increase in rents was over three-fold, so that the main branch of the family had more than held its own since 1540, in spite of expensive marriage settlements.
He left three sons, each of whom succeeded to the title, and two daughters.
* Mary (c. 1624–1672); wife of Edward Stourton and mother of the 12th Baron Stourton
* William Petre, 4th Baron Petre (1626–1683)
* John Petre, 5th Baron Petre (1629–1684)
* Thomas Petre, 6th Baron Petre (1633–1706)
* Dorothy; married John Thimbelby, son of Sir John Thimbelby
# Victor Halberstadt

Victor Halberstadt (16 June 1939 – 13 September 2024) was a Dutch economist. He was a Crown Member of the Social-Economic Council (1972–2004), president of the International Institute of Public Finance (1987–1990), director of Het Concertgebouw (1988–2011) and other significant organizations.

## Biography

Halberstadt was born on 16 June 1939, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He was raised in a Jewish family and experienced the terrors of the Holocaust. From 1965 to 1974, Halberstadt was a senior lecturer of public sector finance at the University of Amsterdam. From 1971 to 1973, he was an adviser of the Directorate-General of the National Budget of the Dutch Ministry of Finance. On 9 September 1974, he was appointed professor of public sector finance of the University of Leiden. In October 1981, he was along with economist Cees de Galan appointed an informer to mediate the 1981 Dutch Cabinet crisis.
Halberstadt held several positions, including Crown Member of the Social-Economic Council (1972–2004), honorary secretary-general of the Bilderberg Group (1980–2000), president of the International Institute of Public Finance (1987–1990), director of Het Concertgebouw (1988–2011), member of the faculty of the World Economic Forum (1990–), member of the international advisory board of Goldman Sachs Group Inc (1991–), chairman of the Daimler-Chrysler international advisory board (1995–2005), member of the board of trustees of the Dutch National Opera (2003–), member of the board of trustees of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy (2005–) and member of the board of trustees of the Boekman Foundation (2009–). Since 1990, Halberstadt was a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. He was a member of the steering committee of the Bilderberg Group.
Halberstadt was a member of the board of directors of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC), a global nonprofit organization that combats child sexual exploitation, child pornography, and child abduction.
Halberstadt died on 13 September 2024, at the age of 85.