# Houston County, Alabama

Houston County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 107,202. Its county seat is Dothan, which is located on the border and partially in adjacent Henry County.
Houston County is part of the Dothan, Alabama metropolitan area.

## History

Houston County was established on February 9, 1903, from parts of Dale, Geneva, and Henry counties. It was named after George Smith Houston, the 24th Governor of Alabama. This area of the state was historically developed for the pine timber and turpentine industries, as well as cotton plantations. The latter, especially, depended on enslaved African Americans for labor.
Because of this history, African Americans predominated in the population until after the early 20th century, when many migrated to northern and midwestern cities for better economic opportunities and to escape Jim Crow discrimination. They were essentially disenfranchised after the turn of the 20th century because of constitutional amendments and other laws that made voter registration nearly impossible. Many poor whites were disenfranchised at the same time.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 582 square miles (1,510 km$^2$), of which 580 square miles (1,500 km$^2$) is land and 1.8 square miles (4.7 km$^2$) (0.3%) is water. The county is located in the Wiregrass region of southeast Alabama.

### Major highways

* US 84
* US 231
* US 431
* SR 52
* SR 53
* SR 92
* SR 95
* SR 103
* SR 123
* SR 134
* SR 210
* SR 605

### Adjacent counties

* Henry County (north)
* Early County, Georgia (east)
* Seminole County, Georgia (southeast)
* Jackson County, Florida (south)
* Geneva County (west)
* Dale County (northwest)

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Houston County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 64,312 | 69,731 | 68,251 | 72.43% | 68.67% | 63.67% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 21,703 | 26,038 | 28,232 | 24.44% | 25.64% | 26.34% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 318 | 393 | 321 | 0.36% | 0.39% | 0.30% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 548 | 806 | 1,260 | 0.62% | 0.79% | 1.18% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 13 | 43 | 59 | 0.01% | 0.04% | 0.06% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 55 | 96 | 354 | 0.06% | 0.09% | 0.33% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 716 | 1,445 | 4,244 | 0.81% | 1.42% | 3.96% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,122 | 2,995 | 4,481 | 1.26% | 2.95% | 4.18% |
| Total | 88,787 | 101,547 | 107,202 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 107,202 people, 39,761 households, and 25,893 families residing in the county.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 101,547 people, 40,969 households, and 28,041 families living in the county. The population density was 175 people per square mile (68 people/km$^2$). There were 45,319 housing units at an average density of 77.9 units per square mile (30.1 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 70.0% White, 25.8% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 2.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 40,969 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 27.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $41,022, and the median income for a family was $51,741. Males had a median income of $41,021 versus $28,240 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,725. About 12.7% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 88,787 people, 35,834 households, and 25,119 families living in the county. The population density was 153 people per square mile (59 people/km$^2$). There were 39,571 housing units at an average density of 68 units per square mile (26 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 73.08% White, 24.60% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.62% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.39% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. 1.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 35,834 households, out of which 33.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.50% were married couples living together, 14.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.90% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.90% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 13.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $34,431, and the median income for a family was $42,437. Males had a median income of $32,092 versus $21,409 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,759. About 11.80% of families and 15.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.10% of those under age 18 and 16.30% of those age 65 or over.

## Government

As of 2023, the County Chairman is Brandon Shoupe, while Peter Covert is the Chief Administrative Officer. The County Commission is District 1, Curtis Harvey; District 2, Tracy Adams; District 3, Rickey Herring; and District 4, James Ivey. Donald Valenza serves as Sheriff, Probate Judge is Patrick Davenport, Revenue Commissioner is Starla Moss, and Coroner is Robert Byrd. The county engineer is Barkley Kirkland.
The District Attorney serves as prosecutor for cases in both Houston and Henry counties.
Houston County is located in Alabama's 2nd congressional district; its current Representative (as of 2021) is Barry Moore (R).
Houston County is reliably Republican at the presidential level. The last Democrat to win the county in a presidential election was Adlai Stevenson, who won it by a majority in 1956.
United States presidential election results for Houston County, Alabama :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 32,469 | 73.21% | 11,352 | 25.60% | 528 | 1.19% |
| 2020 | 32,618 | 70.64% | 12,917 | 27.98% | 638 | 1.38% |
| 2016 | 30,728 | 72.07% | 10,664 | 25.01% | 1,247 | 2.92% |
| 2012 | 29,270 | 69.72% | 12,367 | 29.46% | 347 | 0.83% |
| 2008 | 29,254 | 70.09% | 12,225 | 29.29% | 256 | 0.61% |
| 2004 | 26,874 | 74.24% | 9,144 | 25.26% | 183 | 0.51% |
| 2000 | 22,150 | 69.10% | 9,412 | 29.36% | 495 | 1.54% |
| 1996 | 17,476 | 62.27% | 8,791 | 31.33% | 1,796 | 6.40% |
| 1992 | 17,360 | 58.33% | 8,857 | 29.76% | 3,543 | 11.91% |
| 1988 | 19,989 | 73.87% | 7,001 | 25.87% | 71 | 0.26% |
| 1984 | 20,854 | 75.82% | 6,488 | 23.59% | 163 | 0.59% |
| 1980 | 14,884 | 64.05% | 7,848 | 33.77% | 506 | 2.18% |
| 1976 | 10,672 | 54.07% | 8,787 | 44.52% | 279 | 1.41% |
| 1972 | 12,622 | 83.46% | 2,358 | 15.59% | 144 | 0.95% |
| 1968 | 974 | 5.89% | 1,488 | 9.00% | 14,074 | 85.11% |
| 1964 | 10,353 | 87.93% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,421 | 12.07% |
| 1960 | 4,055 | 50.58% | 3,897 | 48.61% | 65 | 0.81% |
| 1956 | 2,632 | 38.47% | 3,630 | 53.06% | 579 | 8.46% |
| 1952 | 2,517 | 39.55% | 3,779 | 59.38% | 68 | 1.07% |
| 1948 | 426 | 13.46% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,739 | 86.54% |
| 1944 | 282 | 7.73% | 3,349 | 91.80% | 17 | 0.47% |
| 1940 | 483 | 10.88% | 3,941 | 88.78% | 15 | 0.34% |
| 1936 | 230 | 6.08% | 3,538 | 93.52% | 15 | 0.40% |
| 1932 | 157 | 3.89% | 3,863 | 95.83% | 11 | 0.27% |
| 1928 | 1,963 | 46.12% | 2,290 | 53.81% | 3 | 0.07% |
| 1924 | 242 | 11.72% | 1,731 | 83.87% | 91 | 4.41% |
| 1920 | 571 | 21.50% | 2,045 | 77.00% | 40 | 1.51% |
| 1916 | 466 | 21.22% | 1,670 | 76.05% | 60 | 2.73% |
| 1912 | 82 | 4.96% | 1,160 | 70.18% | 411 | 24.86% |
| 1908 | 423 | 29.03% | 965 | 66.23% | 69 | 4.74% |
| 1904 | 384 | 22.30% | 1,248 | 72.47% | 90 | 5.23% |

## Communities
### City

* Dothan (county seat; partly in Dale County and Henry County)

### Towns

* Ashford
* Avon
* Columbia
* Cottonwood
* Cowarts
* Gordon
* Kinsey
* Madrid
* Rehobeth
* Taylor (partly in Geneva County)
* Webb

### Unincorporated communities

* Ardilla
* Big Creek
* Crosby
* Grangeburg
* Love Hill
* Lucy
* Pansey
* Peterman
* Pleasant Plains
* Wicksburg

## Education

There are two school districts including parts of the county: Dothan City School District and Houston County School District.