OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coppersmith method

The Coppersmith method, proposed by Don Coppersmith, is a method to find small integer zeroes of univariate or bivariate polynomials, or their small zeroes modulo a given integer. The method uses the Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász lattice basis reduction algorithm (LLL) to find a polynomial that has the same zeroes as the target polynomial but smaller coefficients.
In cryptography, the Coppersmith method is mainly used in attacks on RSA when parts of the secret key are known and forms a base for Coppersmith's attack.

## Approach

Coppersmith's approach is a reduction of solving modular polynomial equations to solving polynomials over the integers.
Let $F(x)=x^{n}+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\ldots +a_{1}x+a_{0}$ and assume that $F(x_{0})\equiv 0{\pmod {M}}$ for some integer $|x_{0}|<M^{1/n}$. Coppersmith’s algorithm can be used to find this integer solution $x_{0}$.
Finding roots over Q is easy using, e.g., Newton's method, but such an algorithm does not work modulo a composite number M. The idea behind Coppersmith’s method is to find a different polynomial f related to F that has the same root $x_{0}$ modulo M, but has only small coefficients. If the coefficients and $x_{0}$ are small enough that $|f(x_{0})|<M$ over the integers, then we have $f(x_{0})=0$, so that $x_{0}$ is a root of f over Q and can be found easily. More generally, we can find a polynomial $f(x)$ with the same root $x_{0}$ modulo some power $M^{a}$ of M, satisfying $|f(x_{0})|<M^{a}$, and solve for $x_{0}$ as above.
Coppersmith's algorithm uses the Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász lattice basis reduction algorithm (LLL) to construct the polynomial f with small coefficients. Given F, the algorithm constructs polynomials $p_{1}(x),p_{2}(x),\dots ,p_{n}(x)$ that all have the same root $x_{0}$ modulo $M^{a}$, where a is some integer chosen based on the degree of F and the size of $x_{0}$. Any linear combination of these polynomials also has $x_{0}$ as a root modulo $M^{a}$.
The next step is to use the LLL algorithm to construct a linear combination $f(x)=\sum c_{i}p_{i}(x)$ of the $p_{i}(x)$ so that the inequality $|f(x_{0})|<M^{a}$ holds. Now standard factorization methods can calculate the zeroes of $f(x)$ over the integers.

## Implementations

Coppersmith's method for univariate polynomials is implemented in
* Magma as the function SmallRoots;
* PARI/GP as the function zncoppersmith;
* SageMath as the method small_roots.
# Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party

The Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party (ZPPP) was a nationalist, African-dominated political party in Zanzibar. The ZPPP, in a coalition with the Arab-dominated Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP), governed the island from 1961 to 1964. The ZPPP was originally a breakaway of the ZNP formed by disaffected Shirazis. The party was the smallest of the three political parties on the islands (the third being the Afro-Shirazi Party). By forming an alliance with the ZNP in 1961 they pushed the ASP into opposition. Their politics were moderately conservative and did not bear any major grudges against the Arab elite, mainly due to their base in Pemba as opposed to Zanzibar.
# Toni Kluuskeri

Toni Kluuskeri (born April 7, 1991) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey forward. He last played for the Jokers de Cergy-Pontoise of the French Ligue Magnus.
Kluuskeri began his playing career with TPS, playing nine games during the 2010–11 SM-liiga season where he registered one assist. He spent the following season with Lukko's U20 junior team but never played a game for their senior side. From 2012, Kluuskeri has played outside of Finland, beginning with a spell in France's Ligue Magnus for Pingouins de Morzine-Avoriaz. On May 15, 2013, Kluuskeri signed for Nittorps IK of Sweden's third tier Hockeyettan.
Kluuskeri returned to France in 2014, signing for FFHG Division 1 side Corsaires de Dunkerque before moving to Australia to sign for the Perth Thunder. On August 13, 2015, Kluuskeri signed for Narvik Hockey of Norway's First Division. The following year, he returned to France for a third time, joining Remparts de Tours.
# Boechera breweri

Boechera breweri is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name Brewer's rockcress.

## Distribution

The plant is native to northern California and southern Oregon.
It grows in rocky areas in mountains and valleys, including in the northern Sierra Nevada and the Klamath Mountains.

## Description

Boechera breweri is a perennial herb growing from a woody, branching caudex. It produces hairy, upright stems up to about 20 centimeters tall. There is a basal clump of leaves around the caudex. They are oval-shaped and up to 3 centimeters long. They are coated in forked hairs. There are also a few leaves higher up the plant with bases that clasp the stem.
The flowers have dark purple sepals and lighter purple petals. The fruit is a long, thin, ascending silique up to 6.5 centimeters long. The flowers have thick pinkish-purple sepals and spoon-shaped pink to purple petals.
The fruit is a long, narrow, purple silique which may be many centimeters long.
# Geneva station (Illinois)

Geneva is a Metra commuter railroad station in Geneva, Illinois, served by Metra's Union Pacific West Line. The station is 35.5 miles (57.1 km) away from Ogilvie Transportation Center. In Metra's zone-based fare structure, Geneva is in zone 4. As of 2018, Geneva is the 14th busiest of the 236 non-downtown stations in the Metra system, with an average of 1,742 weekday boardings. Unless otherwise announced, inbound trains use the north platform and outbound trains use the south platform.
Geneva is currently the only station on the Union Pacific West Line that has not been triple tracked; however, in 2022, the Union Pacific Railroad began construction on a third track throughout Geneva. Construction is scheduled to conclude in late 2024.
As of February 16, 2024, Geneva is served by 56 trains (28 in each direction) on weekdays, by all 20 trains (10 in each direction) on Saturdays, and by all 18 trains (nine in each direction) on Sundays and holidays. On weekdays, three inbound trains originate here, and two outbound trains terminate here.
The station consists of two side platforms and a waiting room, with a ticket agent booth staffed on weekday mornings. Trains go east to Ogilvie Transportation Center in Chicago and west to Elburn, Illinois. Until the line's extension to Elburn on January 23, 2006, Geneva was the western terminus of the Union Pacific West Line.
Until 2006 and the line's extension, half of the weekend trains started at West Chicago. Since then, all of those trains were moved to Elburn, leaving all weekend trains to serve Geneva.

## Bus connections

Pace
* 592 St. Charles - Geneva Call-n-Ride
* 596 Batavia Call-n-Ride
* 801 Elgin/Geneva
* 802 Aurora/Geneva via Lake
# Joseph Curran (basketball)

J. Joseph Curran (June 28, 1922 – January 28, 2012) was an American college basketball coach. He coached at Canisius College in Buffalo, New York from 1953 to 1959.
Curran served in the United States Navy during World War II, then attended Canisius, Cornell and Pennsylvania State University after the war – playing basketball at Penn State during the 1943–44 season.
Curran became the coach at Canisius in 1953. He coached for the Golden Griffins for six seasons, leading them to three consecutive NCAA tournaments in 1955, 1956 and 1957. Their 79–77 upset of North Carolina State in four overtimes in 1956 is considered one of the biggest upsets in NCAA Tournament history. Curran's all-time record at Canisius was 76–66.
Joseph Curran died on January 28, 2012.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| Canisius Golden Griffins (Western New York Little Three Conference) (1953–1958) ||||||
| 1953–54 | Canisius | 9–14 | 1–3 | 3rd | |
| 1954–55 | Canisius | 18–7 | 2–2 | 2nd | NCAA Sweet 16 |
| 1955–56 | Canisius | 19–7 | 4–0 | 1st | NCAA Sweet 16 |
| 1956–57 | Canisius | 22–6 | 3–1 | T–1st | NCAA University Division Sweet 16 |
| 1957–58 | Canisius | 2–19 | 0–2 | T-2nd | |
| Canisius Golden Griffins (Independent) (1958–1959) ||||||
| 1958–59 | Canisius | 6–13 | | | |
| Canisius: | Canisius: | 76–66 (.535) | 10–8 (.556) | | |
| Total: | Total: | 76–66 (.535) | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Charles Wasicek

Charles J. Wasicek (May 5, 1908 - April 22, 1977) was an American football player. He played at the guard and tackle positions for Colgate University in the 1930s and was selected by Liberty Magazine as a first-team All-American at the tackle position in 1935.

## Early years

Wasicek was born in Arnold City, Pennsylvania and raised in Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth of nine children of August and Justina Wasicek. Wasicek quit school after attending the eighth grade and went to work for the American Window Glass Co. and the Monessen Sheet & Tinplate Co. Wasicek resumed his education, studying at Belle Vernon High School, the Kiski Preparatory School in Saltsburg, Pennsylvania, and the Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Dickinson in 1932.

## Football player

Wasicek enrolled at Colgate University where he played football at the guard and tackle positions in the mid-1930s. In 1935, Wasicek was the captain of the Colgate football team. Wasicek was selected as a first-team tackle on the 1935 Liberty Magazine All-American team, as voted in a poll of 1521 varsity players in all parts of the country. He was also selected as a second-team All-American in 1935 by the United Press, Central Press (through a poll of the year's football captains), and the New York Sun. Wasicek also played in the 1936 East–West Shrine Game and the All-Star Game in Chicago. He was drafted in the seventh round of the 1936 NFL Draft.
Wasicek signed a contract to play football for the Detroit Lions, but he opted instead to play for the Syracuse, New York football team in the newly formed American League. The league in which Syracuse played folded after one season. Wasicek next signed to play for a highly regarded semi-pro team in Danbury, Connecticut, while working as a hat salesman.

## Later years

In 1937, Wasicek retired from playing football and became a teacher. In November 1937, he married Faith Clifford, while working as a history teacher and football coach at the high school in Caledonia, New York. Wasicek remained at Caledonia from 1937-1939. In 1939, Wasickek accepted a position as a teacher and football and track coach at the high school in Hornell, New York, where he remained until 1942. In four years coaching at Hornell, Wasicek's football teams lost only five games and either won or tied for the county championship three times.
In 1942, Wasicek enlisted in the U.S. Navy and was commissioned as a lieutenant. During World War II, Wasicek served as a battery officer and helped train gun crews in Norfolk, Virginia. After being discharged from the military in 1945, Wasicek operated a grocery store founded by his father in Belle Vernon. Wasicek also worked in the homebuilding business during the 1950s before returning to the teaching profession, teaching geography at Belle Vernon Area High School from 1957-1973.
Wasicek died at the E.J. Meyer Hospital in Buffalo, New York, after suffering a heart attack at age 68. He was survived by his wife, Faith Vivian Clifford Wasicek, and two children, Dr. Charles A. Wasicek, Jr., and Justina Wasicek.
# Blaenrhondda

Blaenrhondda is a village in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, lying at the head the Rhondda Fawr valley. Blaenrhondda is a village and is part of the community of Treherbert.

## History

The earliest evidence of people inhabiting the area are the remains of an Iron Age settlement of several roundhouses grouped together in an obvious community, known as Hen Dre'r Mynydd. The dry wall layout of the ruinous site has led archaeologists to believe that the people who lived in the area were early farmers. It has been identified as the largest undefended Iron Age settlement in south east Wales.
Before the industrialisation of the Rhondda Valleys in the late 19th century, Blaenrhondda was an agricultural area and sparsely populated. With the coming of the coal industry two mines were sunk in the locality. The first was the North Dunraven, also known as the Blaenrhondda, sunk in 1859, followed by Fernhill Colliery around 1871. The Dunraven closed in the 1920s but the Fernhill was still operating as late as 1978. In an attempt to break the monopoly of the Taff Vale Railway and the Cardiff docks, the Rhondda Tunnel was constructed through Mynydd Blaengwynfy to link up with the Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway to supply coal to the Swansea Docks for export. The resulting tunnel, at a length of 3,300 yards was the longest rail tunnel in Wales and the seventh longest in Britain. Due to an issue with the weight the engines could pull, the rail link was never the success it was hoped to be, though it did prove popular with day-trippers from the Rhondda, visiting Swansea and the Gower. The station was closed in 1970.
In the hills above Blaenrhondda lies Blaenrhondda Road Cutting, a Site of Special Scientific Interest. It was given this status for its rock exposures showing sediments that formed on the flood plain of a river delta during the Carboniferous period, approximately 310 million years ago.
# Sam Peek

Sam Peek (born June 11, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Motor City Cruise of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Wesleyan Cardinals and the Stetson Hatters.

## High school and college career

Peek initially began his high school career at Spackenkill High School at Poughkeepsie, New York before transferring to Trinity-Pawling at Pawling, New York. Afterwards, he began his college career at Wesleyan, where he earned All-America honors in his last season after averaging 17.9 points and 7.0 rebounds, which led the Cardinals, all while shooting 50.3 percent from the floor. Afterwards, he transferred to Stetson where he played 31 games and averaged 5.8 games, 4.0 rebounds and 0.7 assists in 18.3 minutes.

## Professional career
### Wisconsin Herd (2023–2024)

After going undrafted in the 2023 NBA draft, Peek joined the Wisconsin Herd on October 30, 2023, but was waived in November. However, he re-joined the Herd on December 4, playing in 10 games and averaging 2.9 points, 2.8 rebounds and 1.0 assist in 15.5 minutes, before being waived once again on January 14, 2024.

### Motor City Cruise (2024–present)

On February 8, 2024, Peek joined the Motor City Cruise, but was waived two days later, before rejoining the Cruise on February 12. On 14 games, he averaged 6.2 points, 3.0 rebounds and 1.3 assists in 20.0 minutes.
After joining them for the 2024 NBA Summer League, Peek signed with the Detroit Pistons on September 17, 2024, but was waived the next day. On October 29, he rejoined the Cruise.

## Personal life

Peek has a brother and a sister.
# Fort Smith Railroad

The Fort Smith Railroad (reporting mark FSR) is a Class III short-line railroad headquartered in Fort Smith, Arkansas.
FSR operates 18 miles (29 km) of line in Arkansas from Fort Smith (where it interchanges with Kansas City Southern Railway, Union Pacific Railroad, and Arkansas and Missouri Railroad) to Fort Chaffee.
FSR traffic generally consists of grain, food products, paper products, scrap and finished steel, lumber, peanuts, alcohol, military equipment, and charcoal.
The FSR currently operates with three ex-Santa Fe Railroad EMD GP20 locomotives.
FSR is a subsidiary of Pioneer Railcorp.

## History of the Line

The line over which FSR operates was built by the Arkansas Central Railroad, incorporated on April 29, 1897. The line was intended to stretch between Ft. Smith and Little Rock, with a branch from a point about 50 miles west of Little Rock to Hot Springs. When the trackage was actually assembled between 1897 and its completion by January 1, 1900, the line only managed to run from a junction off the Missouri Pacific Railroad near Fort Smith to Paris, Arkansas, 42.879 miles, plus 8.214 miles of yard track and sidings, for a total of 52.093 miles.
The line came under control of the Missouri Pacific in 1899, then was transferred in 1903 to the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, then back to the Missouri Pacific when the Iron Mountain became part of the latter. The Missouri Pacific merger into the Union Pacific was approved by the ICC in 1982. The line was leased to the FSR on July 7, 1991. However, a portion of the line from Ft. Chaffee to Paris was abandoned in August of 1995, leaving the line from Ft. Smith to Ft. Chafee, about 18 miles.

## Locomotive roster

| Model | Road no. |
| EMD GP16 | 1612 |
| EMD GP20 | 2002 |
| EMD GP20 | 2031 |
| EMD GP20 | 2038 |
# MGWR Class H

The Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) Class H were an 0-6-0 locomotive bought in 1880 from Avonside Engine Company. After 1925 they became Great Southern Railways (GSR) class 619 / Inchicore class J6.

## Fleet

| MGWR No. | Name | Built | GSR No. | Withdrawn |
| 96 | Avonside | 1878 | 619 | 1949 |
| 97 | Hibernia | 1878 | 620 | 1949 |
| 98 | Caledonia | 1878 | 621 | 1949 |
| 99 | Cambria | 1878 | 622 | 1945 |

## History

The MGWR acquired these engines at a favourable price from the Avonside Engine Company when the original customer, the Waterford, Dungarvan and Lismore Railway, refused the locomotives due to late delivery and other potential buyers had rejected them. They were notable for being fitted with more comfortable and spacious cabs compared to contemporary MGWR designed locomotives. Due to lack of vacuum train brakes they were confined to North Wall freight yard workings until their first and very extensive rebuild in 1906-1908.
Locomotive no. 99 was used in the trials of the patent Cusack-Morton superheater from 1915 to 1916. All the class were then rebuilt with either a Belpaire(Robinson) superheater boiler with piston values between 1918 and 1922.
Noted as powerful free steaming engines capable of hauling 55 wagons on the main line they proved for goods work they were also suitable for slower speed passenger services.
# MGWR Class L

The MGWR Class L/Lm/Ln were Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) 0-6-0 locomotives. Following merger of the MGWR into the Great Southern Railways (GSR) in 1925 these locomotives still generally kept to their former area, as did the equivalent GS&WR Class 101 standard goods to their former area. Whereas Class 101 was noted for some working of branch line passenger trains this was less likely for the MGWR class L; however they were noted for passenger mixed working on the Clifden and Ballaghaderreen branch lines.

## Class L

MGWR Class L became GSR Class 594 or J19.
The first orders were made from R. Stephenson in 1875, the order subsequently being increased to 10 and all were delivered in 1876. A further 18 were built between 1886 and 1889. The original 10 were rebuilt as class Lm between 1893 and 1895. Of the remaining 18 one was withdrawn in 1925, the remainder surviving until 1957 with two only being withdrawn in 1965.

## Class Lm

MGWR Class Lm became GSR Class 573 or J18.
Twenty two Class Lm were built between 1891 and 1895. They were joined by the 10 original MGWR Class L which were rebuilt as to Class Lm between 1893 and 1895. Of the ten conversions all but one were withdrawn between 1923 and 1928, 575 being the exception which had two further rebuilds and lasted until withdrawal in 1957. Of this group only four were actually allocated GSR numbers including 573 which while never actually carrying that number before withdrawal became the subject of the class number. Of the 22 originally built as Class Lm one was an Irish Civil War loss in 1925, and five were withdrawn in 1925/6 before carrying their allocated GSR numbers. The remainder survived until at least 1955 with 593 only being withdrawn in 1965. The two locomotives 612 and 613 were a slight exception as their 1925 rebuild was to Class L (594/J19) standard, though rebuilds in the 1940s brought them back to J18 proper.

## Class Ln

Seven Class Ln were built between 1879 and 1880 utilising parts from earlier locomotives, notably 5' 1½" driving wheels, a difference from the 5' 3" wheels of class L. All were rebuilt in 1899. No. 53 Duke was fitted with an experimental Morton-Cusask Superheater in 1919. Upon integration into the GSR in 1925 as class J16 or 563 MGWR Number 53 Duke was renumbered 567 and rebuilt with a Schmidt superheater whilst the remaining 6 engines were withdrawn over the next 3 years without carrying their GSR number. This engine remained the sole class member, now known as J16 or 567 and was fitted with a type X boiler in 1942. The locomotive was withdrawn in 1950.

## Gallery

* Railway workers with MGWR Class Lm No. 79 'Mayo' with distinctive Atock 'fly away' cab originally fitted to these locomotives
* No. 589 at Clifden before its 1941 rebuild with a Belpaire boiler and with wheel arch access cut-outs.
# Patti Wong

Patti Wong is an art adviser and former auction house executive based in Hong Kong. She is the former international chairperson of Sotheby's, where she worked for over three decades. Her past roles included chairman of Sotheby's Asia; chairman of Sotheby's Diamonds; and head of Sotheby's private client services department in London. In January 2023, she founded art advisory firm Patti Wong & Associates together with Daryl Wickstrom, another former Sotheby's executive. The firm's clientele is mainly Asian art collectors.

## Early life and education

Born in Hong Kong, Wong studied engineering at Haddington School and has a degree in monetary economics from the London School of Economics, as well as a postgraduate diploma in Asian arts. Her parents are both bankers (her mother is Dr Alice Piera Lam Lee Kiu-yue, and her father died in 1975), and her grandfather, Lam Bing-yim, co-founded Hang Seng Bank.

## Personal life

Patti is married to the financier Andy Wong, the grandson of the founder of the Bank of East Asia. They were known for their annual Chinese New Year parties in London, where guests have included Prince Andrew, Jemma Kidd, Nabila Khashoggi, Robert Hanson, and Sophie Anderton.
# Andy Olsen

Andrew Holger Olsen (November 30, 1930 - May 23, 2014) was an American former professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1968 to 1980, wearing uniform number 12 for most of his career. Olsen umpired 1,860 major league games in his 13-year career. He umpired in the 1974 World Series, three League Championship Series (1971, 1975, and 1978) and the 1976 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. Olsen also played in the minor leagues from 1949 to 1956, as a pitcher.
He was born in Brooklyn, New York.