OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Landspout

Landspout is a term created by atmospheric scientist Howard B. Bluestein in 1985 for a tornado not associated with a mesocyclone. The Glossary of Meteorology defines a landspout:
    "Colloquial expression describing tornadoes occurring with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer.
    The parent cloud does not contain a preexisting mid-level mesocyclone. The landspout was so named because it looks like "a weak Florida Keys waterspout over land."
Landspouts are typically weaker than mesocyclone-associated tornadoes spawned within supercell thunderstorms, in which the strongest tornadoes form.

## Characteristics

Landspouts are a type of tornado that forms during the growth stage of a cumulus congestus or occasionally a cumulonimbus cloud when an updraft stretches boundary layer vorticity upward into a vertical axis and tightens it into a strong vortex. Landspouts can also occur due to interactions from outflow boundaries, as they can occasionally cause enhanced convergence and vorticity at the surface. These generally are smaller and weaker than supercell tornadoes and do not form from a mesocyclone or pre-existing rotation in the cloud. Because of this lower depth, smaller size, and weaker intensity, landspouts are rarely detected by Doppler weather radar (NWS).
Landspouts share a strong resemblance and development process to that of waterspouts, usually taking the form of a translucent and highly laminar helical tube. "They are typically narrow, rope-like condensation funnels that form while the thunderstorm cloud is still growing and there is no rotating updraft", according to the National Weather Service. Landspouts are considered tornadoes since a rapidly rotating column of air is in contact with both the surface and a cumuliform cloud. Not all landspouts are visible, and many are first sighted as debris swirling at the surface before eventually filling in with condensation and dust.
Orography can influence landspout (and even mesocyclone tornado) formation. A notable example is the propensity for landspout occurrence in the Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ).

## Life cycle

Forming in relation to mesocyclones and under updrafts, a landspout generally lasts for less than 15 minutes; however, they can persist substantially longer, and produce significant damage. Landspouts tend to progress through recognizable stages of formation, maturation, and dissipation, and usually decay when a downdraft or significant precipitation (outflow) occur nearby. They may form in lines or groups of multiple landspouts.

## Damage

Landspouts are usually at EF0 level where the intensity of winds is low and weak. However, winds inside a Landspout tornado can reach 100 miles per hour (MPH).
# War of Parma

The War of Parma was a short war from June 1551 to 29 April 1552 between an alliance of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and the Papal States on one side and the Kingdom of France and the Duchy of Parma on the other. It was part of the Italian War of 1551–59.

## Course

After the assassination of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, son of Pope Paul III, the papal states wished to regain the duchy he had set up. Pier Luigi's son Ottavio Farnese was Charles V's son-in-law and took possession of the duchy despite Paul III and Julius III's opposition. Ottavio approached Henry II of France, who had his own reasons to oppose the papal claim to the duchy. Shortly after negotiations opened, Julius III and Charles V began a war against Parma. The House of Farnese also left its alliance with the pope and the Holy Roman Empire to ally itself with Parma and France.
Ferrante Gonzaga, Governor of the Duchy of Milan, occupied Brescello and prepared for the siege of Parma. Despite assistance from French troops, Orazio Farnese, Ottavio's brother and the Duke of Castro, was beaten at Crevalcore, near Mirandola. Henry II also ordered Charles de Cossé, Count of Brissac to invade Piedmont, forcing Gonzaga to lessen his pressure on the duchy of Parma in September 1551, making it bear the main burden of the war. In 1551 Julius sent his nephew Gian Battista Del Monte to besiege Mirandola, then held by a small French force under Piero Strozzi. The siege ended on Good Friday 1552 with Del Monte's death.
Julius had opened negotiations with France on 9 September 1551 by sending Girolamo Verallo as his legate to Henry. After the failure at Mirandola, these were re-opened, before breaking down due to France's excessive claims. When the pope discovered that Charles was in major difficulties, negotiations resumed again and on 29 April 1552 an accord was sealed. This mandated a two year truce, allowing Ottavio to make a peace treaty with the pope and restoring the duchy of Castro to the Farnese. Charles took eleven days to ratify the accord, which he did on 10 May.
# Danas Run

Danas Run is a stream in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is a tributary to the Ohio River.
Variant names are "Dana Run" and "Dana's Run". Danas Run has the name of William Dana, who operated a watermill on its banks in 1816.
# Wasted Youth (American band)

Wasted Youth (also known as LA's Wasted Youth) was an early 1980s hardcore punk band from Los Angeles, California. The band followed in the footsteps of Black Flag and Circle Jerks. It was a prominent and popular act among the Los Angeles punk underground. Other bands active in the early 1980s Los Angeles punk scene were The Adolescents, T.S.O.L., Social Distortion, Bad Religion, Agent Orange, and The Stains.
Footage of the original lineup (1981–1983) can be seen in the film Slog Movie, which is a film documenting the Orange County punk scene.

## History

The original members of Wasted Youth were Chett Lehrer, Jeff Long, Allen Stiritz, and Danny Spira.

### Reagan's In

The band's first album Reagan's In, is in the early West Coast hardcore punk music style. It is known for the Pushead artwork of Ronald Reagan on the front cover. The back of the album features Edward Colver's photograph of an upside down stagediver in midair. Though this album consists of ten tracks, it is less than fifteen minutes long.

### Get Out of My Yard

Jeff Dahlgren, front man after Allah Akhbar (1983–1985), left the band. His work was re-recorded by Paolo Rossi co-produced with Darin Scheff and titled "Get out of My Yard". Paolo Rossi (the last generation of Wasted Youth front men) went on to start an indie label "Open Circle Records" in Glendale, California (Open Circle released Get Out of My Yard LP). Wasted Youth led a successful "Crack Across America Tour" in the late 1980s to support "Get Out of My Yard." Michael Licalsi, a club and show promoter from the SF Bay Area, served as their manager, with Louis (VideoLouis) Elovitz taking part in management for a period of time as well. Wasted Youth performed with bands such as Bad Brains, The Ramones, and Circle Jerks on this final tour.

### Black Daze

The band's later releases moved towards a heavy metal sound, including a cover of Van Halen's "On Fire". The more advanced musical and lyrical development on Black Daze brought Wasted Youth to new thrash metal audiences. The video for the album's "Good Day For a Hanging" depicts a motorcycle spinning amongst concert-goers in a mud-pit.

## Aftermath

Members went on to perform in the tribal-industrial group Savage Republic; Joey Castillo became a drummer for Danzig from 1994 to 2002, and later Queens of the Stone Age from 2002 to 2012 and is now the drummer for Circle Jerks as of July 2021; while Dave Kushner, who played bass on Black Daze, went on to become a member of Velvet Revolver from 2002 to 2008.
# Sachs Covered Bridge

The Sachs Covered Bridge /ˈsɒks/, also known as Sauck's Covered Bridge and Waterworks Covered Bridge, is a 100-foot (30 m), Town truss covered bridge over Marsh Creek between Cumberland and Freedom Townships, Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The bridge was also known as the Sauches Covered Bridge at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
During the American Civil War, both the Union and Confederate Armies used the bridge in the Battle of Gettysburg and its aftermath. It is reportedly known to be severely haunted as a result.

## History

The Sachs Covered Bridge was built around 1854 at a cost of $1,544. On July 1, 1863, the bridge was crossed by the two brigades of the I Corps of the Union Army heading towards Gettysburg. The III Corps also crossed the bridge heading to the Black Horse Tavern. Four days later, the majority of General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia retreated over the bridge after the Union victory in the Battle of Gettysburg.
The bridge was designated Pennsylvania's "most historic bridge" in 1938 by the predecessor of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, the Department of Highways. After a plan in 1960 to replace the bridge, the Cumberland Township officials voted to close the bridge to vehicular traffic, while leaving it open to pedestrians, on May 9, 1968. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1980.
On June 19, 1996, a flash flood knocked the bridge from one of its abutments and it incurred substantial damage; an iron bridge on the Marsh Creek was also heavily damaged and another destroyed. A $500,000 restoration on the bridge was already in progress before the flood; an additional $100,000 was raised to repair the damage incurred. The bridge was rededicated on July 21, 1997.

### Waterworks

The Gettysburg Waterworks is the Marsh Creek site of freshwater for Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Originally constructed in 1894, the works were rebuilt by the Pennsylvania Department of Health for the 1913 Gettysburg reunion, when the site had a pumping station, a filter plant, and 4 drilled wells (1 nearly dry). The reservoir is supplied by a 57.5 sq mi (149 km$^2$) drainage area that is upstream of the Sachs Covered Bridge.

## Design

The Sachs Covered Bridge is a Town truss covered bridge. The truss design was developed by Ithiel Town of Connecticut and consists of wooden beams "cris-crossed" to form a lattice. The bridge was one of few remaining Town truss bridges in Pennsylvania. The bridge is 100 feet (30 m) long and 15 feet 4 inches (4.67 m) wide.
# Dean Creek (Spotted Bear River tributary)

Dean Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Montana. It is a tributary to the Spotted Bear River.
Dean Creek was named after Richard Dean, a local ranger.
# Death Creek (Nevada and Utah)

Death Creek is a stream in northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah, United States.
Death Creek was named in memory of an Indian who died near its banks.
# Ear for Eye

Ear for Eye (stylized as ear for eye) is a 2021 British drama film, written and directed by debbie tucker green, based upon her play of the same name. It stars Lashana Lynch, Tosin Cole, Carmen Munroe, Danny Sapani, Nadine Marshall, Arinzé Kene and Jade Anouka.
The film had its world premiere at the BFI London Film Festival on 16 October 2021, and aired on the BBC on the same day.

## Cast

* Lashana Lynch
* Tosin Cole
* Carmen Munroe
* Danny Sapani
* Nadine Marshall
* Arinzé Kene
* Jade Anouka

## Production

In December 2020, it was announced Lashana Lynch, Tosin Cole, Carmen Munroe, Danny Sapani, Nadine Marshall, Arinzé Kene and Jade Anouka had joined the cast of the film, with debbie tucker green directing from a screenplay she wrote. Barbara Broccoli would serve as an executive producer under her Eon Productions banner.
Principal photography took place at Kennington Film Studios in London, and concluded by December 2020.

## Release

The film had its world premiere at the BFI London Film Festival on 16 October 2021, and was also aired that same day on BBC.
# Type 65 torpedo

The Type 65 is a torpedo manufactured in the Soviet Union and then Russia. It was developed for use against US Navy aircraft carrier battle groups, as well as large merchant targets such as supertankers and advanced enemy submarines. It is now typically fitted to newer Russian vessels, though often the 650 mm torpedo tube is fitted with a 533 mm converter to enable firing of SS-N-15 missiles or Type 53 torpedoes.
Russian officials have stated that a 65-76A modification of this torpedo is responsible for the 12 August 2000 explosion of the Russian submarine Kursk.

## Specifications (65-76)

* Diameter: 65 cm (25.6 in)
* Length: 9.14 m (30 ft)
* Range: 50 km at 93 km/h, 100 km at 56 km/h
* Max Speed: 50 knots (93 km/h)
* Homing: active/passive sonar and wire guidance
* Warhead: 450/557 kg high explosive
* Propulsion: Probably gas-turbine powered by high-test peroxide, kerosene, and compressed air fuel. Driving contra-rotating propellers.

## Variants

* 65-73 Entered service 1973, unguided torpedo. 20 kt nuclear.
* 65-76 Kit (Russian: Кит, Whale) Entered service 1976.
** DT Length 11 m. Weight 4,500 kg. Warhead 450 kg.
** DST92 Length 11 m. Weight 4,750 kg. Warhead 557 kg. Wake homing anti-ship weapon. Operates at 20 m depth. Sensor points upwards to detect the ship's wake, the torpedo sweeps from side to side to find the edges of the wake.
* 65-76A Kit 100 km. Entered service 1991.
# Foshan Shadi Airport

Foshan Shadi Airport (IATA: FUO, ICAO: ZGFS), or Shadi Air Base, is a dual-use military and public airport serving the city of Foshan in South Central China's Guangdong province. FUO was re-opened to serve as a relief airport for the region. Along with two other major airports, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, it serves the catchment area of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone.

## History

Built in 1954, Shadi Air Base is an airbase of People's Liberation Army Air Force. A squadron of J8-2 fighters are in support of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison.
Commercial flights started in 1985, but ceased in 2002 due to government policy. The airport was reopened to the public in 2009.
It is planned to be replaced by the new Foshan Gaoming International Airport in Genghe town, Gaoming District.
In 2023, the airport exceeded 1 million annual passenger traffic for the first time.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| China United Airlines | Beijing–Daxing, Chengdu–Tianfu, Fuyang, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Ordos, Shanghai–Hongqiao, Shanghai–Pudong, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Yiwu, Zhoushan |
# Chewiliken Creek

Chewiliken Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington.
Chewiliken Creek was named after Chewiliken, a local Indian tribal leader.
# Meadow River

The Meadow River is a tributary of the Gauley River, making its headwaters in Greenbrier County and terminating in Nicholas County of West Virginia. It is named for the grassy meadows wetlands which its upper watershed drains, and from which it springs.

## Course

Formed at the confluence of Eagle Branch and Callahan Branch, and flowing generally southeast to northwest, it passes Rupert, Charmco, and Rainelle. Major tributaries include Methodist Branch, Otter Creek, Little Clear Creek, Big Clear Creek, Mill Creek, Laurel Creek, Meadow Creek, Brackens Creek, Young's Creek, Glade Creek, Hendricks Creek and Dogwood Creek, before reaching its mouth at the Gauley River at Carnifex Ferry, West Virginia. The river flows a total of 53 miles (85 km), mostly within the Meadow River Wildlife Management Area. The lower 5 miles (8.0 km) is within the Gauley River National Recreation Area. The river drains 365 square miles (950 km$^2$).
Via the Gauley, New, Kanawha and Ohio Rivers, it becomes a part of the Mississippi River watershed.

## History

In 1858 a dam was proposed near the present day site of the town of Rainelle, between Big Sewell and Laurel Mountains. It was never built.

## Whitewater paddling below Rainelle

The 15 miles (24 km) stretch between Rainelle, WV and Russelville features class III, IV, and a touch of class V in high water. After a flatwater stretch the river reaches the town of Nallen. Immediately below Nallen features mostly class III and IV water for the next 5 miles (8.0 km) running up to the U.S. 19 bridge. The final lower section below the U.S. 19 bridge to the confluence of the Gauley River is arguably the most difficult whitewater river in West Virginia. This class V+ section has an extreme gradient and severely undercut rocks—claiming the lives of three experienced paddlers since records began to be kept.
Rapids include:
* Put In (Class III+)
* Rites of Passage (Class IV+)
* Hells Gates (Class 5.2)
* Brink of Disaster (Class 5.0)
* Coming Home Sweet Jesus (Class 5.3)
* Sieve City (Class 5.0)
* Heavy Water (Class IV)
* Lets Make a Deal (Class IV+)
* First and Second Island (Class V)
* Sliding Board (Class IV+)
* Double Undercut (Class 5.1)
# Dimitri Boudaud

Dimitri Boudaud (born 10 February 1987) is a French professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Loon-Plage.

## Career

Born in Charleville-Mézières, Boudaud played at professional level in Ligue 2 for CS Sedan Ardennes. Since 2009, he plays for Dunkerque.
# Abdillahi Askar

Abdillahi Askar (Somali: Cabdillaahi Askar Barkhad; 1947 – 29 August 2010) was a Colonel of the Somali National Movement (SNM).

## Biography

Abdillahi Askar was born in 1947 in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. He enlisted in the Somali Armed Forces and trained as an officer in the Soviet Union.

### Establishment of SNM

In 1981, the Somali National Movement (SNM) was founded in London, England, with the goal of opposing the Somali dictatorship.
Shortly after the establishment of the SNM, SNM military bases were created in Gashamo and Aware, and Askar became commander of one of the bases in the Aware area. The deputy commander was Dayib Gurey.

### Operation Birjeex

In December 1982, the SNM sent Abdisalan Turki and Abdillahi Askar from Gashamo in eastern Ethiopia to Hargeisa. In April 1983, Abdillahi Askar arrived in Hargeisa. On April 8 he was arrested in an old movie theater.
Eleven people belonging to the SNM were to rescue Abdillahi Askar. This was later dubbed Operation Birjeex. The SNM team led by Ibrahim Ismail Koodbur rescued him with two casualties.

### SNM's counterattack

In November 1984, the SNM invaded the former British Somaliland by dividing its forces into three units: western, central, and eastern, with Askar leading the western unit. The western contingent lost 347 of its 383 men killed; the SNM as a whole lost the war this time.
On May 31, 1988, the SNM again invaded Somaliland, and Abdillahi occupied Hargeisa as one of the SNM's Colonels.

### Death and legacy

On August 29, 2010, He died in Hargeisa. The funeral of the deceased was attended by the President of Somaliland and hundreds of Somalilanders.
Later, the Abdillahi Askar Military Academy, named after him, was established in Dararweyne (east of Hargaysa) and graduated its first class in 2020.
# Deschamps Creek

Deschamps Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary to Monsanto-Sunswept Creek.
Deschamps Creek was named after A. A. Deschamps, a local educator.
# Clever Elsie

"Clever Elsie" is a German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. In the original 1812 edition, story #32 was called Hanses Trine. It was removed after the first edition and replaced by Die Kluge Elise in the 2nd edition.

## Plot

Clever Elsie, as her parents call her, is to be married. When a suitor named Hans comes to visit, Elsie goes down to the cellar to get some beer. There she spots a pickaxe stuck in the wall above the beer keg; she imagines that if she married Hans and started a family, that pickaxe could fall and kill their child. Because of this impending misfortune, Elsie begins to cry loudly in the basement. One at a time, the maid, the manservant, and the mother are sent to look for Elsie, until finally the father goes himself. When they find Elsie and discover the reason she is crying, they too begin to cry. In the end, Hans also goes into the cellar, hears about the possible misfortune and decides to marry Clever Elsie, saying, "more sense is not necessary for my household."
In the second part of the story, Hans and Elsie have been married for a while. Hans works to earn money while Elsie stays home to cut the corn. She cooks porridge, takes it to the field, eats it before she even starts to work, and then falls asleep. When Hans comes home, he at first assumes that Elsie is still hard at work, and he praises her diligence. However, when he finds her sleeping in the corn, he hangs a bird's yarn around her with small bells, goes home, and locks the front door. When Elsie wakes up in the dark and notices the clothes with bells, she no longer recognizes herself. She goes home and asks at the door if Elsie is inside. When she hears "yes," she runs away, crying, "Oh God, then it's not me." She is never seen again.
# Henry Thompson (cricketer)

Henry Thompson (born 1 December 1992) is an English cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off break bowler. He made his first-class debut for Leeds/Bradford MCCU against Yorkshire on 5 April 2013.
# HMS Paragon

Three ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Paragon:
* Paragon was a 42-gun ship launched in 1633 as Henrietta Maria. She was renamed Paragon in 1650 and was burnt at sea in 1655.
* HMS Paragon 1803, a hired armed ship, hired circa 30 Dec 1803, and returned to owners circa 14 Apr 1805. ADM 51/403 Captains' logs 1803 Dec 30-1805 Apr 14 held by National Archives.
* HMS Paragon (1913) was an Acasta-class destroyer launched in 1913 and sunk in 1917.
Stockton Communication Training Centre commissioned HMS Paragon 7 October 1984
# Bernard Delcampe

Bernard Delcampe (12 September 1932 – 8 January 2013) was a French footballer who played as a forward.
Starting his career at Stade de Reims, he joined AS Troyes-Savinienne in 1952. He was a finalist in the Coupe de France with the Troyens in 1956. He later coached Stade Poitevin from 1967 to 1975.

## Honours

* Coupe de France finalist 1956 with AS Troyes-Savinienne
# 2021 Women's March

A women's march was held on October 2, 2021, in protest of a recent abortion law in the U.S. state of Texas, the Texas Heartbeat Act. The demonstration was announced on September 2. More than 90 organizations participated. Although organizers of the Washington, D.C. march applied for a permit for 10,000 people, actual attendance was around 5,000.

## Participation

Roughly 5,000 attendees in Washington D.C. met in Freedom Plaza and marched to the United States Supreme Court Building. Speakers at the rally included Cristela Alonzo, Schuyler Bailar, activist Monica Simpson, and Planned Parenthood president Alexis McGill Johnson.
Several cities in Texas held events. In Austin thousands gathered on the lawn of the Texas Capitol building, where speakers included Cecile Richards, a Texan and former president of Planned Parenthood.
Marches also took place in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles.
Some attendees wore t-shirts with "1973" printed on them, which is the year of the Roe v. Wade court decision that legalized abortion throughout the United States. Many speakers warned of a looming threat to this court decision.
# Devils Branch (Little Persimmon Creek tributary)

Devils Branch is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to Little Persimmon Creek.
Devils Branch was so named on account of uneven terrain along its course.