OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Avraham Sela

Avraham Sela is an Israeli historian and scholar on the Middle East and international relations.

## Education and career

Sela studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining a BA in 1971, an MA in 1974 and a PhD in 1986. He currently serves as the A. Ephraim and Shirley Diamond Professor of International Relations and a senior research fellow at the Harry S. Truman Institute, both at the Hebrew University.
He is the author of The Decline of the Arab Israeli Conflict: Middle East Politics and the Quest for Regional Order (1998) and co-author of The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence and Adjustment (2000).

## Views

Sela is critical of the writings of the New Historians, particularly of Benny Morris and Avi Shlaim.

## Publications

* Unity Within Conflict in the Inter-Arab System: The Arab Summit Conferences, 1964–1982 (Magnes Press, 1983) (Hebrew)
* The Palestinian Ba'ath: The Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party in the West Bank under Jordan (1948–1967) (Magnes Press, 1984) (Hebrew)
* The PLO and Israel: From Armed Struggle to Political Settlement (St. Martin's Press, 1997, editor)
* The Decline of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Middle East Politics and the Quest for Regional Order (SUNY Press, 1998)
* The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence and Coexistence (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 2nd Edition (Columbia University Press, 2006),
* The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East (Continuum, 2002).
# Kangha

A kangha (Punjabi: ਕੰਘਾ/کنگھا) is a small wooden comb that Sikhs usually use twice a day and part of the Five Ks. It is supposed to be kept with the hair at all times. Combs help to clean the hair, and are a symbol of cleanliness. Combing their hair reminds Sikhs that their lives should be tidy and organised. The kangha makes the uncut hair neat and keeps away tangles. Kanghas were traditionally made of wood, but many modern Sikhs employ ones made of plastic.

## History

The Sikhs were mandated by Guru Gobind Singh at the Baisakhi Amrit Sanchar in 1699 to wear a small comb called a kangha at all times. Kangha must be kept by all baptised Sikhs (Khalsa), after a mandatory religious commandment given by Guru Gobind Singh (the tenth Guru of Sikhism) in 1699. This was one of five articles of faith, collectively called Kakars, that form the externally visible symbols to clearly and outwardly display one's commitment and dedication to the order (Hukam) of the tenth master and become a member of Khalsa.
The kangha is an article that allows the Sikh to care for his or her unshorn long hair, kesh. The kangha is usually tucked behind the "Rishi Knot" and tied under the turban. It is to be used twice daily to comb and keep the hair in a disentangled and tidy condition. It represents the importance of discipline and cleanliness to a Sikh way of life and is used to keep the hair healthy, clean, shining and tangle-free. The kangha is tucked under the rishi knot to keep the rishi knot firm and in place.
The kangha is placed in the hair but it is not visible as the turban covers it.
# Blaine Fowler

Blaine Fowler is a college football and men's college basketball sports analyst in the Mountain West Conference for NBC Sports Network basketball broadcasts. He also provides analysis for the BYU Cougars football team and men's basketball West Coast Conference games for BYUtv Sports. He also does analyses on the BYUtv magazine program True Blue. He currently works alongside Dave McCann on BYUtv Sports. Until the network ceased in 2012, he worked alongside Ari Wolfe for football broadcasts on Mtn.
Fowler was born in Provo, Utah to Kirk and Barbara Fowler, who relocated to Elmira, New York where Blaine attended Elmira Free Academy. He became a multi-sport athlete participating in football, basketball, and track. In high school Fowler won multiple awards in the state of New York. He lettered all four years as a football player, three years in basketball, twice in track, was placed on the all-area and all-league teams in football for three years, was placed on the all-state team twice, and was once made the Upstate New York player of the Year. Elmira Free Academy won the state championship three of the four years Fowler played for them.
After high school Fowler returned to his birth town as a quarterback at Brigham Young University, where he would play from 1981-85. In 1984 Fowler helped lead the Cougars to a national championship. Robbie Bosco was knocked out of the game during the first quarter of the Holiday Bowl against Michigan, and Fowler was sent in to play until Bosco returned during the fourth quarter.
After graduating, Fowler went on to play in the CFL. Fowler left the CFL and return to Utah where he began calling college football for KSL-TV. Since then Fowler has gone on to call over 500 broadcasts as an analyst or sideline reporter for KSL, Video West Sports, the Blue and White Network (w/ Craig Bolerjack (1995-96), Randy Rosenbloom (1997), & McCann (1998)), SportsWest Productions (alongside McCann and Tom Kirkland), The Mtn., Versus, and BYUtv.
# Aster spathularis

Aster spathularis may refer to three different species of plants:
* Aster spathularis Lindl., a synonym for Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom
* Aster spathularis Steud., a synonym for Pentanema salicinum (L.) D.Gut.Larr. et al.
* Aster spathularis Lag. ex Nees, a synonym for Grindelia inuloides var. inuloides Willd.
# Ilen Church

Ilen Church (Norwegian: Ilen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Trondheim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the Ila area in the city of Trondheim, on the 250-metre (820 ft) wide isthmus between the river Nid and the Trondheimsfjord. It is the church for the Ilen parish which is part of the Heimdal og Byåsen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The gray, stone church was built in a cruciform style in 1889 by the local building company of Jacob Digre, according to a design by Trondheim based architect Eugene Sissenére (b. 1858). The church seats about 550 people, although it originally fit about 900. The seating was reduced to meet the fire regulations.
A graveyard belonging to the parish is located at Ilsvika in the neighboring district of Ila, a short distance from the church site.

## History

Ilen Church was built over a period of three years from 1886 to 1889 using drawings by the architect Eugene Sissenére. The building was consecrated on 7 June 1889. The church was the first post-Reformation parish church to be built in Trondheim, and it is supposedly the oldest post-Reformation church in Norway with its façades carved in stone. For financial reasons, the church was given wooden ceilings, even though it was originally supposed to have brick vaults. The Renaissance-style altarpiece from 1932 was made by Roar Matheson Bye. The historic organ (18/II/P/M) in the church was built by Claus Jensen (1817-1892) during 1889. It was restored in 2017 by Trøndelag-based organ building company, Br. Torkildsen Orgelbyggeri A/S.
# Cranbrook Memorial Arena

The Cranbrook Memorial Arena is a 1,704-seat (ice in) and 2,451-seat (ice out) multi-purpose arena in Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada. It was briefly home to the Kootenay Ice while the Cranbrook RecPlex was under construction.
49°30′53″N 115°45′39″W﻿ / ﻿49.51463°N 115.76091°W﻿ / 49.51463; -115.76091
# 2015 Jacobabad bombing

On 23 October 2015, twenty-three people were killed and several others were wounded when a suicide bomber targeted a procession of Shia Muslims marking Ashoura in Jacobabad, Sindh. At least five children are among the dead. The bombing also injured at least 32 people.
# 2015 Quetta bus bombing

The 2015 Quetta bus bombing occurred on 19 October 2015 in Quetta a city in Balochistan. The blast killed at least 11 people and another 22 were injured.
# Lucius Valerius Septimius Bassus

Lucius Valerius Septimius Bassus (c. 328 - aft. 379 or 383) was a Roman politician.

## Life

He was the son of Valerius Maximus and first wife Septimia Bassa.
He was praefectus urbi Romae under the emperors Gratian, Valentinian II and Theodosius I, between 379 (the year of Thedosius's ascension) and 383 (the year of Gratian's death).
He possibly married Adelphia, as their son's nomina and cognomen suggest, daughter of Clodius Celsinus Adelphius and wife Faltonia Betitia Proba, and had a son named Valerius Adelphius Bassus (fl. 383 and 392), vir consularis and consul. Venet. in 383 and in 392, in turn the father of Valerius Adelphius and the paternal grandfather of Adelphia, wife of Anicius Probus (fl. 424-459), praetor in 424 and vir illustris in 459, son of Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius and wife and cousin Anicia Juliana, the possible parents of emperor Anicius Olybrius.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Lucius Valerius Septimius Bassus :
# Gul Aqa

Major-General Gul Aqa was an Afghan communist minister from the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.
He belonged to the Parcham faction. He was minister of frontier areas in 1974. He was made ambassador to Bulgaria in 1974.
He was the army's political chief until 1982. He was appointed as one of the vice chairmen of the Revolutionary Council under Babrak Karmal from 1983 to November 1986, when he was removed from the position.
# 13th National Television Awards

The 13th National Television Awards ceremony was held at the Royal Albert Hall on 31 October 2007 and was hosted by Sir Trevor McDonald.

## Awards

| Category | Winner | Also nominated |
| Most Popular Actor Presented by Amanda Holden | David Tennant (Doctor Who) | Antony Cotton (Coronation Street) Charlie Clements (EastEnders) James Sutton (Hollyoaks) |
| Most Popular Actress | Lacey Turner (EastEnders) | Sue Cleaver (Coronation Street) Kara Tointon (EastEnders) Freema Agyeman (Doctor Who) |
| Most Popular Drama | Doctor Who (BBC One) | The Bill (ITV) Shameless (Channel 4) Life on Mars (BBC One) |
| Most Popular Serial Drama Presented by Al Murray | EastEnders (BBC One) | Coronation Street (ITV) Emmerdale (ITV) Hollyoaks (Channel 4) |
| Most Popular Entertainment Programme | Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (ITV) | An Audience with Take That Live (ITV) Friday Night with Jonathan Ross (BBC One) Deal or No Deal (Channel 4) 8 Out of 10 Cats (Channel 4) |
| Most Popular Reality Programme Presented by Kelly Brook and Brendan Cole | I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (ITV) | Shipwrecked: Battle of the Islands (Channel 4) The Apprentice (BBC Two) Big Brother (Channel 4) |
| Most Popular Entertainment Presenter Presented by Sharon Osbourne | Ant & Dec | Fern Britton Jonathan Ross Graham Norton Paul O'Grady |
| Most Popular Talent Show Presented by Darcey Bussell and Katherine Jenkins | The X Factor (ITV) | Any Dream Will Do (BBC One) Dancing on Ice (ITV) Britain's Got Talent (ITV) Strictly Come Dancing (BBC One) |
| Most Popular Comedy Programme Presented by Matt Lucas and David Walliams as Lou and Andy | The Catherine Tate Show (BBC Two) | My Family (BBC One) Ugly Betty (Channel 4/ABC) Harry Hill's TV Burp (ITV) |
| Most Popular Factual Programme Presented by Kirsty Young | Top Gear (BBC Two) | This Morning (ITV) The Jeremy Kyle Show (ITV) The F Word (Channel 4) |
| Most Popular Newcomer Presented by Jake Wood and Charlie Clements | Kym Ryder (Coronation Street) | Joseph Gilgun (Emmerdale) Gemma Merna (Hollyoaks) Jo Joyner (EastEnders) |
| Special Recognition Award Presented by Lewis Hamilton | Jeremy Clarkson | Jeremy Clarkson |
# Úlibice

Úlibice is a municipality and village in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Úlibice consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Úlibice (280)
* Řeheč (37)
# Sexiest Bachelor in America Pageant

The Sexiest Bachelor in America Pageant was a male beauty pageant televised on Fox on October 2, 2000. It was held in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the only male beauty pageant aired on American television. The pageant was only held once.
At the conclusion of the final competition, Tom Gill, a schoolteacher from Virginia, won the title.
Caroline Rhea hosted the event. The all-female panel of judges included soap star Kristian Alfonso, Miss USA 1997 Brook Lee, and model Roshumba Williams.
The pageant was also notable in that one of the contestants, Brian Lee Randone (Mr. Nebraska), was later arrested for the murder of his girlfriend, Felicia Tang Lee (a pornstar who performed under the name "Tolly Crystal").

## Results
### Placements

* Sexiest Bachelor in America 2000: Tom Gill of Virginia
* The runners-up were:
** 1st runner-up - Matt Thomas (Illinois)
** 2nd runner-up - Matt Funk (North Dakota)
** 3rd runner-up - Reed Randoy (Arizona)
** 4th runner-up - Blair Dickens (Louisiana)
* The remaining top ten semi-finalists were: Stephen Seebeck of Missouri, Billy Jeffrey of Idaho, Zack Leonard of Oklahoma, David Danho of New Jersey, and Raheem Bennett of Oregon.
# Zgorzelec, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Zgorzelec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rychtal, within Kępno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Rychtal, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Kępno, and 154 km (96 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# The Kalender of Shepherdes

The Kalender of Shepherdes, also known as the Kalendar and Compost of Shepherds. was an incunable almanac first published in the 1490s in Paris as the Compost et Kalendrier de Bergiers.
The first English edition was a poor translation into a Scots dialect, published in 1503, but Richard Pynson released an improved translation in 1506 and Wynkyn de Worde produced another in 1508. It continued to be reprinted throughout the 16th Century
There are several different topics covered in different versions of the Kalender; the exact contents vary between editions. They include poetry, health advice, astrological information, calendars, and religious instructions. The latter provide the bulk of the material in the Kalender, and were designed to provide instruction in Christian belief and practice for lay people.
The Kalender is also noteworthy for its vivid woodcut illustrations, including illustrations for an eyewitness account by Lazarus of Hell.
It continued to be a best-seller throughout the sixteenth century.
# Karl Groß (wrestler)

Karl Ferdinand Groß (30 January 1884 – 14 July 1941) was a German wrestler. He competed in the light heavyweight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Vladimir Avdiaj

Vladimir Veip Avdiaj (born 1961) is a Brigadier General in the Albanian Air Force serving as the current commander of the Albanian Air Force, a post he has held since 20 August 2015. He was appointed to hold the post by President Bujar Nishani. He has served continuously in the Albanian military from 1984.

## Education and career

Avdiaj first studied at the Albanian Air Force Academy, where he graduated in 1984; he has also studied at the United States Army War College where he obtained a master's in strategic studies. He was one of the first Albanian military members to train in the United States. He specialized as a fighter pilot, and has held posts in the Ministry of Defense since 2008. Most of his past military command posts were located at Rinas Air Force Base, where he was mainly responsible for air navigation and base security.
Internationally, Avdiaj has also been a representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on the behalf of Albania, a posting he held from 2014 to 2015.

## Personal life

Avdiaj is married, and has two children.
# 5th National Television Awards

The 5th National Television Awards ceremony was held at the Royal Albert Hall on 26 October 1999 and was hosted by Sir Trevor McDonald.

## Awards

| Category | Winner | Also nominated |
| Most Popular Actor | John Thaw (Goodnight Mister Tom) | Joe Absolom (EastEnders) Steven Arnold (Coronation Street) Robson Green (Grafters) David Jason (A Touch of Frost) |
| Most Popular Actress | Amanda Burton (Silent Witness) | Lisa Riley (Emmerdale) Thora Hird (Lost for Words) Pam Ferris (Where the Heart Is) Julie Hesmondhalgh (Coronation Street) |
| Most Popular Drama Series | Goodnight Mister Tom (ITV) | The Bill (ITV) A Touch of Frost (ITV) Where the Heart Is (ITV) |
| Most Popular Serial Drama | Coronation Street (ITV) | Brookside (Channel 4) EastEnders (BBC One) Emmerdale (ITV) |
| Most Popular Talk Show | Parkinson (BBC One) | Des O'Connor Tonight (ITV) So Graham Norton (Channel 4) The Frank Skinner Show (BBC) |
| Most Popular Entertainment Programme | Stars in Their Eyes (ITV) | An Audience with the Bee Gees (ITV) Michael Barrymore's My Kind of Music (ITV) Jim Davidson's Generation Game (BBC One) |
| Most Popular Entertainment Presenter | Lily Savage | Johnny Vaughan Michael Barrymore Jim Davidson |
| Most Popular Daytime Programme | This Morning (ITV) | Ready Steady Cook (BBC Two) Countdown (ITV) Pet Rescue (Channel 4) |
| Most Popular Factual Entertainment Programme | Animal Hospital (BBC One) | Changing Rooms (BBC One) Antiques Roadshow (BBC One) Ground Force (BBC One) |
| Most Popular Documentary | Vets in Practice (BBC One) | Airport (BBC One) Children's Hospital (BBC One) Eye of the Storm (ITV) |
| Most Popular Quiz Programme | Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (ITV) | Have I Got News for You (BBC Two) Michael Barrymore's Strike It Rich (ITV) They Think It's All Over (BBC One) |
| Most Popular Comedy Programme | Last of the Summer Wine (BBC One) | Men Behaving Badly (BBC One) Friends (Channel 4/NBC) Birds of a Feather (BBC One) |
| Most Popular Comedy Performer | Nicholas Lyndhurst (Goodnight Sweetheart) | Pauline Quirke (Maisie Raine) Dawn French (The Vicar of Dibley) Victoria Wood (dinnerladies) |
| Most Popular Newcomer | Tamzin Outhwaite (EastEnders) | Jack Ryder (EastEnders) Alan Halsall (Coronation Street) Samantha Giles (Emmerdale) Naomi Radcliffe (Coronation Street) |
| Most Popular Advert | Tesco ("Dotty on bus"; Jane Horrocks and Prunella Scales) | Levi's (Flat Eric) Rolo (Skippy) Budweiser (alligator) |
| Special Recognition Award | Michael Barrymore | Michael Barrymore |
# Zieleń, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Zieleń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzemeszno, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Trzemeszno, 18 km (11 mi) east of Gniezno, and 66 km (41 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Asia Bragonzi

Asia Bragonzi (born 5 March 2001) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Genoa CFC Women, on loan from Juventus.

## Honours
### Juventus

* Serie A (2): 2018–19, 2019–20; runner-up: 2023–24
* Coppa Italia(1): 2018–19
* Supercoppa Italiana (2): 2019, 2023
# Reston Scar

Reston Scar is a fell in the Lake District of Cumbria, England. With a height of 837 feet (255 m), it overlooks the north side of Staveley village, and is listed among Alfred Wainwright's The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. The summit offers good views of the Coniston Fells, the Sca Fells and the Langdale Pikes.
The main footpath up to the summit from Staveley passes to the south of Kemp Tarn, the largest of several ponds on the Scar. The summit has a cairn. In his book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland, Wainwright describes the ascent of Reston Scar from Staveley and calls the fell "a fine place for a siesta on a sunny day".
Wainwright, writing in 1974, says: "From here Hugill Fell and High Knott to the north appear to offer a pleasant extension of the walk, but impassable walls bar the way", but Chris Jesty, in the 2011 2nd edition of Wainwright's book, says "From here Hugill Fell to the north offers a pleasant extension to the walk and an alternative way of returning to Staveley", having mentioned in the section on Hugill Fell that "gates have been provided in the high drystone walls and a clear path links the two summits".
# Answer That and Stay Fashionable

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Answer That and Stay Fashionable is the debut studio album by American punk rock band AFI. It was released on July 4, 1995, through Wingnut Records and rereleased on April 22, 1997, through Nitro Records.

## Background

Answer That and Stay Fashionable was recorded in Hayward, California, at Art of Ears, the studio of Andy Ernst, in 1995. The album was produced by AFI, along with Doug Sangalang, Tim Armstrong and Brett Reed. It was recorded in under a week.
All of the tracks except "Open Your Eyes" are copyrighted to Anthems for Insubordinates.
The album originally included a hidden track, a cover of The Police's "Man in a Suitcase", which is absent on the rerelease. In its place is a cover of The Circus Tents' "Open Your Eyes", originally released with an alternate mix on the Fly in the Ointment EP in 1995.
Many audio samples are included throughout the album, such as a clip from Reservoir Dogs (1992), whose theatrical release poster the cover artwork parodies. Also featured is a clip from The Comic Strip episode "Bad News Tour", from which the album derives its name, and National Lampoon's European Vacation (1985).
The tracks "Two of a Kind" and "Yürf Rendenmein" were later re-recorded for AFI's second album Very Proud of Ya.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Davey Havok; all music is composed by Geoff Kresge, except where noted

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
AFI
* Markus Stopholese – guitars
* Adam Carson – drums
* Davey Havok –– lead vocals
* Geoff Kresge – bass, vocals
Additional personnel
* AFI – producer
* Tim Armstrong – co-producer (tracks 2 & 11)
* Andy Ernst – engineer, recording
* George Horn – mastering
* Brett Reed – co-producer (tracks 2 & 11)
* Doug Sangalang – co-producer
* Steve Z – photography
Studios
* Recorded at Art of Ears, Hayward, CA
* Mastered at Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, CA
# Martin Herbster

Martin Herbster (29 January 1962 – 2 March 2024) was a German wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 62 kg at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Herbster died in March 2024, at the age of 62.

## Career

Herbster qualified for wrestling at the 1984 Summer Olympics by placing highly at the European Wrestling Championships.

## Personal life

Herbster was from Graben-Neudorf and he started wrestling at six years old, quickly becoming German student, youth, and junior champion four times each. He worked as a chemical technician, and as a laboratory assistant he helped produce paint.
# Tigi

Tigi is an administrative district in Deiyai Regency, Central Papua, Indonesia. Tigi is one of five districts that make up Deiyai Regency in Central Papua Province. Deiyai Regency was formed based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 55 of 2008, which split this area from Paniai Regency. Tigi district is designated as the capital of the regency.

## Geography

Tigi district consists of 20 villages (kampung), namely:
* Amago
* Atouda
* Bamou II
* Bomau I
* Bomou III
* Buwoudimi
* Ibodiyo
* Idege
* Ikiyawo
* Motano
* Mugouda
* Okomakebo
* Okomotadi
* Oneibo
* Peku
* Ugiya
* Waghete I
* Waghete II
* Yaba
* Yaba II