OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kirk Johnson (scientist)

Kirk R. Johnson (born 1960) is an American paleontologist, author, curator, and museum administrator, and is currently serving as Sant Director of Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.

## Early life and education

Johnson was born in 1960 and grew up in Seattle, Washington. He attended Amherst College as an undergraduate, where he received a bachelor's degree in geology and fine arts. He joined Chi Psi fraternity. He then attended the University of Pennsylvania, earning a master's degree in geology and paleobotany. He received his Ph.D. in geology and paleobotany from Yale University in 1989.
While in graduate school, in 1987, Johnson discovered an extinct species of linden leaf, which was named Tilia johnsoni in his honor. His postdoctoral work included field research in the northern Australian rainforests, while he served as a postdoctoral research associate in the department of botany at the University of Adelaide.

## Career

From 1991 to 2012, Johnson worked at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, first as a lead scientist, then the chief curator and vice president of research and collections. In 2010, he led a nine-month excavation of thousands of Ice Age animal bones, including mammoths and mastodons, in Snowmass Village, Colorado.
In 2012 Johnson was selected to lead the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., one of the Smithsonian Institution’s most popular museums on the National Mall. He is the host of the PBS Nova series, Making North America, which is a three-part series that describes the shaping of North America, which aired on November 4, 11 and 18, 2015. In 2017 he hosted the three-part PBS series Great Yellowstone Thaw. He is also the host of the two-hour Nova special Polar Extremes, first shown on February 5, 2020, which explores the history of the North and South Poles ranging from ice sheets to warm forests.

## Personal life

Johnson's sister, Kirsten Johnson, is a documentary filmmaker and cinematographer, whose Dick Johnson Is Dead explores their father's battle with dementia.

## Selected books

* Johnson, Kirk; Troll, Ray (2018). Cruisin' the fossil coastline: The travels of an artist and a scientist along the shores of the prehistoric Pacific. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing. ISBN 9781555917432. OCLC 1029091568.
* Johnson, Kirk (2012). Digging Snowmastodon: Discovering an Ice Age World in the Colorado Rockies. Denver, CO; Aspen, CO: Denver Museum of Nature & Science; People's Press. ISBN 9781936905065. OCLC 756579046.
* Johnson, Kirk; Troll, Ray (2007). Cruisin' the Fossil Freeway: An epoch tale of a scientist and an artist on the ultimate 5,000 mile paleo road trip. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Pub. ISBN 9781555914516. OCLC 125404857.
* Johnson, Kirk (2006). Prehistoric Journey: A history of life on Earth. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Pub. ISBN 9781555915537. OCLC 62118347.
* Johnson, Kirk (2005). Ancient Denvers: Scenes from the past 300 million years of the Colorado Front Range. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Pub. ISBN 9781938486210. OCLC 911181981.

## Awards and honors

* Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023
# Chowk (film)

Chowk is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language drama film directed by Devendra Gaikwad in his directorial debut and produced by Dilip Lalasaheb Patil under the banner of Anuradha Films. It stars Pravin Tarde, Sanskruti Balgude, Kiran Gaikwad, Upendra Limaye, Akshay Tanksale, Aritra Devendra Gaikwad, Snehal Tarde, Suresh Vishwakarma, and Ramesh Pardeshi. It was theatrically released on 2 June 2023.

## Plot

A Chowk is like a solid witness that passively observes people, relationships, friendships, festivities, politics, and social interactions. Chowk is about crossroads.

## Cast

* Sanskruti Balgude
* Snehal Tarde
* Ramesh Pardeshi
* Akshay Tanksale
* Devendra Gaikwad
* Kiran Gaikwad
* Upendra Limaye
* Pravin Tarde
* Ahaveer Hore
* Sagar Pable
* Aritra Devendra Gaikwad
* Anjali Joglekar
* Shashikant Padwal
* Shubhankar Ekbote
* Dipti Joshi
* Dilip Lalasaheb Patil
* Suresh Vishwakarma

## Release
### Theatrical

The film was set to be released on 12 May 2023. Due to unknown reasons, the release date was postponed & its release was delayed to 2 June.

## Reception
### Box office

Chowk released on approximately 300 screens in India, collected ₹3.5 million on opening day. The film grossed over ₹47.0 million at the box office and became eleventh highest grossing Marathi film of 2023, it is declared semi-hit at box office.

## Music

The music of the film is composed by the duo Sai-Piyush and Omkar Swarup Bagade, while background score is composed by Omkar Dhotre.
# 1900 Western Australian floods

The 1900 Western Australian floods were a series of flooding events from March to May 1900 that affected large areas of Western Australia, primarily in the Pilbara and Gascoyne regions, though it extended to cover most of the state except the more humid Kimberley and South West regions.
The flooding had its beginnings in heavy rain in March 1900 over a very broad area extending from North West Cape to the southeastern corner of the state. It was in the middle of April over the Easter long weekend, however, that flooding began in earnest, and at the end of the month the majority of the normally arid parts of the state were completely inundated: by Easter Monday, all houses in Roebourne were completely surrounded by water from the Harding River.
During April and May, the rain was associated with what was described in the press of the time as "a gentle easterly flow" but today is recognised to be a northwest cloudband. There were several of these cloudbands during the month, and the result was some astonishing rainfall totals, for instance Wiluna received 527.1 millimetres (20.8 in) and Cossack (near Port Hedland) as much as 636.4 millimetres (25.1 in). The heaviest rainfall of all occurred in the Pilbara during the middle of the month, and resulted in rivers such as the Gascoyne, Ashburton and Murchison overflowing their banks for extraordinarily sustained periods. (Unfortunately, there were no gauges at the time so we do not know what the exact heights were).
So heavy indeed was the rainfall that the normally arid "North West" (as the region was known at the time) was completely boggy and the primitive horse-drawn carts could not traverse the country not only in April, but well into May, especially as another major rainband affected the State early that month, with Onslow recording as much as 9.31 inches (236 mm) in a day on the third. The busy Easter mail services were most severely hit of all, with the mail vans from Perth bogged down at Peak Hill after crossing a Gascoyne River that was supposedly 3 miles (4.8 km) wide as the rain extended at the end of Easter to the Murchison River’s basin.
Wash-outs on the telegraph line with which the remote regions affected by the floods communicated with Perth were indeed not repaired until well into June, a month after flooding peaked in the Pilbara and Gascoyne and had spread eastward to the goldfields of Western Australia. In the interim, communication about the flooding was delayed almost uniformly by at least three or four days, aided by a severe famine and shortage of food for pack horses and salt lakes in the Goldfields such as Lake Carnegie and Lake Maitland filled for probably the only time in centuries - they were never seen with any water between the first European settlement of Western Australia and these floods were thus unprecedented for an extremely long period of time.
# 2021 Bali earthquake

The 2021 Bali earthquake struck at 04:18 local time (UTC+08:00) when people were still sleeping on 15 October 2021. It resulted in 4 deaths and 73 more injured, despite having a moment magnitude of 4.7.

## Tectonic setting

The island of Bali forms part of the Sunda Arc, which formed above the convergent boundary where the Australian plate is subducting beneath the Sunda plate. The rate of convergence across the line of the Sunda–Java Trench is 7.5 cm per year. Eastwards from Bali, the Sunda Arc is also being thrust over the Bali and Flores back-arc basins on a series of south-dipping thrusts. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes near Bali are dominantly thrust sense on both the subduction interface and the system of thrust faults to the north. In July and August 2018, a series of earthquakes, the strongest reaching 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale, killed nearly 600 people in the neighbouring island of Lombok. In January 1917, an earthquake measuring 6.6 killed more than 1,500 people, 80% of which from landslides.

## Earthquake

According to officials at the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), the earthquake, which was centred at the sloped of the volcanoes Mount Agung and Mount Batur, occurred on a shallow local fault. Rupture along the fault was caused by the migration of magma in the crust, triggering fault activity. The BMKG has ruled out the Flores back-arc thrust fault as the source of the quake due to the strike-slip focal mechanism indicated by the seismological data.
Instrumental seismic intensities measured by the BMKG suggest the quake only caused light shaking in Bali, but was felt as far as Lombok. At Denpasar, Karangasem, and northern Lombok the earthquake was felt lightly by residents at IV on the Mercalli intensity scale.

## Impact

Most of the damage was observed in the Ban Village, Kubu District, Ppatan Village, Rendang District and Karangasem Regency. Many religious and historical structures were mildly to severely damaged. Four people were confirmed dead, one of them being a three-year-old girl who was hit by falling debris. The other three deaths were from a landslide. Seventy-three people were injured, suffering head injuries or broken bones. Most of the injured were treated at the Kubu Pratama and Karangasem hospitals where they were discharged. Three remained hospitalized for their serious injuries. At least 762 buildings were damaged, 101 of which were religious.
# Thai Tiger Airways

Thai Tiger Airways was a planned low fare airline, based in Bangkok, Thailand.
It was formed in 2010 as a joint venture between Tiger Airways of Singapore and Thailand's flag carrier Thai Airways International. However, the plan was scrapped on 19 September 2011 by Thai Airways International. As a result of this, Thai Tiger Airways became superfluous when Thai Smile made a successful launch.

## History

The board of directors of Thai Airways International plc had agreed to co-invest with Tiger Airways Holdings Limited to set up a new low-cost airline, as said by the executive director of the Legal Department at Thai Niruth Maneepan.
The low-cost airlines, Thai Tiger Airways, was to have an initial capital of 200 million baht. Thai would invest 99.6 million baht, or 49.8 per cent in the new joint venture. Thai's affiliate firms would take 1.2 per cent stake, and Tiger Airlines Holdings would hold the remaining 49 per cent.
The co-investment memorandum of understanding was signed on Monday, 2 August 2010, by Thai president Piyasvasti Amranand and Tiger Airlines Holdings CEO Tony Davis.
It would serve regularly scheduled domestic and international flights from Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport in Thailand.
Thai Tiger Airways would be the second low-cost airline operating both domestic and international flights from the Suvarnabhumi Airport. Plans were made to commence operations in the first quarter of 2011, pending regulatory approvals. Thai Tiger would operate international and domestic flights offering short-haul, point-to-point services within a 5-hour flying radius. Thai Tiger had originally planned to commence operations in May 2011, though by July 2011 the Thai government had not yet approved the airline.
It faced objections from incumbent future competitors Bangkok Airways, Nok Air and Thai AirAsia.
Instead, on 19 August 2011, a new airline, Thai Wings, was created. That airline successfully made its first flight on 7 July 2012 under the name of Thai Smile, with Thai Tiger Airways officially defunct.

## Fleet

Thai Tiger Airways would have used Suvarnabhumi Airport as its gateway to fly to other nations in Southeast Asia.
Thai Tiger Airways fleet :
| Aircraft | In fleet | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| Airbus A320-200 | 0 | 15 | 180 | New leather seating configuration |
# Danish Women's Curling Championship

The Danish Women's Curling Championship is the national championship of women's curling in Denmark. It has been held annually since 1979.

## List of champions

| Year | Skip | Club |
| 1979 | Iben Larsen | HCC (Hvidovre) |
| 1980 | Marianne Jørgensen | HCC |
| 1981 | Marianne Jørgensen | HCC |
| 1982 | Marianne Jørgensen | HCC |
| 1983 | Jane Bidstrup | HCC |
| 1984 | Jane Bidstrup | HCC |
| 1985 | Helena Blach | HCC |
| 1986 | Helena Blach | HCC |
| 1987 | Helena Blach | HCC |
| 1988 | Helena Blach | HCC |
| 1989 | Marianne Qvist | GCC (Gentofte) |
| 1990 | Helena Blach | HCC |
| 1991 | Helena Blach | HCC |
| 1992 | Helena Blach | HCC |
| 1993 | Marianne Qvist | GCC (Gentofte) |
| 1994 | Helena Blach | TCC (Tårnby) |
| 1995 | Helena Blach Lavrsen | HCC |
| 1996 | Helena Blach Lavrsen | HCC |
| 1997 | Helena Blach Lavrsen | HCC |
| 1998 | Helena Blach Lavrsen | HCC |
| 1999 | Lene Bidstrup | HCC |
| 2000 | Lene Bidstrup | HCC |
| 2001 | Lene Bidstrup | HCC |
| 2002 | Lene Bidstrup | HCC |
| 2003 | Dorthe Holm | HCC |
| 2004 | Angelina Jensen | TCC |
| 2005 | Madeleine Dupont | HCC |
| 2006 | Angelina Jensen | TCC |
| 2007 | Angelina Jensen | TCC |
| 2008 | Angelina Jensen | TCC |
| 2009 | Angelina Jensen | TCC |
| 2010 | Lene Nielsen | HCC |
| 2011 | Lene Nielsen | HCC |
| 2012 | Lene Nielsen | HCC |
| 2013 | Lene Nielsen | HCC |
| 2014 | Madeleine Dupont | HCC |
| 2015 | Lene Nielsen | HCC |
| 2016 | Lene Nielsen | HCC |
| 2017 | Lene Nielsen | HCC |
| 2018 | Angelina Jensen | TCC |
| 2019 | Madeleine Dupont | HCC |
| 2020 | Mathilde Halse | HCC/GCC |
| 2021 | Cancelled | Cancelled |
| 2022 | Madeleine Dupont | HCC |
| 2023 | Madeleine Dupont | HCC |
| 2024 | Madeleine Dupont | HCC/GCC |
| 2025 | Madeleine Dupont | HCC |
# Refactorable number

A refactorable number or tau number is an integer n that is divisible by the count of its divisors, or to put it algebraically, n is such that $\tau (n)\mid n$ with $\tau (n)=\sigma _{0}(n)=\prod _{i=1}^{n}(e_{i}+1)$ for $n=\prod _{i=1}^{n}p_{i}^{e_{i}}$. The first few refactorable numbers are listed in (sequence A033950 in the OEIS) as
    1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 40, 56, 60, 72, 80, 84, 88, 96, 104, 108, 128, 132, 136, 152, 156, 180, 184, 204, 225, 228, 232, 240, 248, 252, 276, 288, 296, ...
For example, 18 has 6 divisors (1 and 18, 2 and 9, 3 and 6) and is divisible by 6. There are infinitely many refactorable numbers.

## Properties

Cooper and Kennedy proved that refactorable numbers have natural density zero. Zelinsky proved that no three consecutive integers can all be refactorable. Colton proved that no refactorable number is perfect. The equation $\gcd(n,x)=\tau (n)$ has solutions only if $n$ is a refactorable number, where $\gcd$ is the greatest common divisor function.
Let $T(x)$ be the number of refactorable numbers which are at most $x$. The problem of determining an asymptotic for $T(x)$ is open. Spiro has proven that $T(x)={\frac {x}{{\sqrt {\log x}}(\log \log x)^{1-o(1)}}}$
There are still unsolved problems regarding refactorable numbers. Colton asked if there are arbitrarily large $n$ such that both $n$ and $n+1$ are refactorable. Zelinsky wondered if there exists a refactorable number $n_{0}\equiv a\mod m$, does there necessarily exist $n>n_{0}$ such that $n$ is refactorable and $n\equiv a\mod m$.

## History

First defined by Curtis Cooper and Robert E. Kennedy where they showed that the tau numbers have natural density zero, they were later rediscovered by Simon Colton using a computer program he wrote ("HR") which invents and judges definitions from a variety of areas of mathematics such as number theory and graph theory. Colton called such numbers "refactorable". While computer programs had discovered proofs before, this discovery was one of the first times that a computer program had discovered a new or previously obscure idea. Colton proved many results about refactorable numbers, showing that there were infinitely many and proving a variety of congruence restrictions on their distribution. Colton was only later alerted that Kennedy and Cooper had previously investigated the topic.
# Rüppell's black chat

Rüppell's black chat (Myrmecocichla melaena) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in the Ethiopian Highlands of Eritrea and Ethiopia from 1,800 to 2,700 metres elevation.
# Madhyanchal Gramin Bank

Madhyanchal Gramin Bank is a regional rural bank in India. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It was formed by merging three rural banks in the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India namely Madhya Bharat Bank, Sharda Grameen Bank, Rewa Sidhi Grameen Bank, sponsored by State Bank Of India, Allahabad Bank and Union Bank of India. Its headquarters is in Saugor. Current sponsor of the bank is State Bank of India. Madhyanchal Gramin Bank has presence over 15 districts in Madhya Pradesh Damoh, Sagar, Shivpuri, Guna, Ashoknagar, Tikamgarh, Chhatarpur, Panna, Satna, Rewa, Sidhi, Niwari, Mauganj, Maihar and Singrauli. There are 454 branch and 7 regional offices in Rewa, Sidhi, Satna, Damoh, Shivpuri, Chhatarpur and Tikamgarh.
# Roselawn Memorial Park Gatehouse

The Roselawn Memorial Park Gatehouse is a historic cemetery office building in Roselawn Memorial Park, a large public cemetery at 2801 Asher Avenue in Little Rock, Arkansas. It stands just inside and to the left of the main gate. It is a single story building, with a gable-on-hip roof, stuccoed walls, and a foundation whose exterior is finished in rough cobblestone. At either end of its main facade are two arches, lined with red brick, providing access to the recessed building entrances. Similar arches on the side walls give the recess a porch-like feel. The building was designed by Thompson and Harding, and built in 1924. It is the only known gatehouse design of firms associated with Arkansas architect Charles L. Thompson.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Gentleman's Wall (Smrekonica)

The Gentleman's Will is a cultural heritage monument in Smrekonica, Vushtrri, Kosovo.

## History

The wall known locally as Gentleman's Wall is located in the Kajtazi neighborhood of Smrekonica, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the center of Vučitrn. The wall is said to have been built by the local feudal lord in the 19th century. Made of carved stone, the protective wall reaches a height of 4 metres (13 ft) and is topped with a two-layer wood-braced roof covered with local tile. The village school and the lord's tower house originally stood nearby but have been lost. In the early 20th century, the Kajtazi family bought the property. The wall has never collapsed or been breached save for a section of 10 metres (33 ft) to 15 metres (49 ft) intentionally leveled for the family construction. Exterior stabilization by the family is the only renovation made so far.<
# Dunham Run (Pine Creek tributary)

Dunham Run is a 3.32 mi (5.34 km) long tributary to Pine Creek in Warren County, Pennsylvania.

## Course

Dunham Run rises about 2 miles east of Dotyville, Pennsylvania in Warren County and then flows south to Pine Creek about 0.5 miles west of Enterprise, Pennsylvania.

## Watershed

Dunham Run drains 3.34 square miles (8.7 km$^2$) of area, receives about 44.8 in/year of precipitation, and has a wetness index of 435.95 and is about 92% forested.
# South Harwich, Massachusetts

South Harwich is a village of Harwich in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States and is located within the Harwich Port Census-designated place. South Harwich is home to much history and attractions, such as the South Harwich meeting house or the Red River Beach.
# Hannah Khalique-Brown

Hannah Rose Khalique-Brown (born April 1999) is a British actress. On television, she is known for her role in the Channel 4 miniseries The Undeclared War (2022). Her films include Barbie (2023).

## Early life

Khalique-Brown was born in Birmingham. Her father worked as an NHS surgeon and her mother, a barrister. Khalique-Brown attended King Edward VI Camp Hill School for Girls, where she completed A Levels in English, History, and Philosophy & Economics. She had her first acting experience in a year 9 boys' school production of Alice in Wonderland. Khalique-Brown graduated from King's College London (KCL) in 2020 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in English Literature.

## Career

In August 2019, Khalique-Brown auditioned for, and won, a spot to perform a monologue at a showcase for BAME (Black Asian Minority Ethnic) actors at the Southwark Playhouse Theatre in south London, after which she received three agents' offers. In 2021, Khalique-Brown made her television debut with a seven-episode role as Anita Chandola in the BBC One medical soap opera Doctors. The following year, she starred as Saara Parvin in the Channel 4 thriller miniseries The Undeclared War. After making her feature film debut with a minor role in What's Love Got to Do with It?, Khalique-Brown played the discontinued Growing Up Skipper doll in the film Barbie starring Margot Robbie.
Khalique-Brown starred as Mary Lennox in the 2024 stage adaptation of The Secret Garden at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, written by fellow KCL alumnus Holly Robinson. She starred in the silent horror film Year 10 and appeared in the BBC One drama Wolf Hall: The Mirror and the Light as Dorothea, the HBO series Dune: Prophecy as Sister Farouz, and the Netflix series Black Doves.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2020 | Tin Luck | Leila | Short film |
| 2020 | Two's a Menace | Charlene | Short film |
| 2021 | Muse | Bonnie | |
| 2022 | What's Love Got to Do with It? | Girl in Hijab | |
| 2023 | Barbie | Growing Up Skipper | |
| 2024 | Year 10 | Girl | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2021 | Doctors | Anita Chandola | 7 episodes |
| 2022 | The Undeclared War | Saara Parvin | Main role |
| 2024 | Wolf Hall: The Mirror and the Light | Dorothea | 5 episodes |
| 2024 | Dune: Prophecy | Sister Farouz | Episode: "The Hidden Hand" |
| 2024 | Black Doves | Maggie | 2 episodes |
| 2025 | Virdee | Leila | |

## Stage

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2024 | The Secret Garden | Mary Lennox | Regent's Park Open Air Theatre |