OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Orșova (1788)

The Battle of Orsova was a military engagement between the Habsbug and the Ottoman armies during the Austro-Turkish War of 1788–1791. The Ottomans were victorious and routed the Austrians.

## Background

The Ottomans were determined to pursue their goals. Their first plan was to recapture the Crimean peninsula from the Russian empire which was lost in 1774. Since the Austrians also threatened them from the west, the Ottomans sent a greater part of their forces against them under the leadership of the Grand Vizier, Koca Yusuf Pasha. The Ottoman plan was to break into Banat and defeat the Austrian army at Mehadia.

## Battle

The Ottoman vanguard appeared on the right bank of the Danube River opposite old Orsova on the morning of August 7. The Austrians held a position at Szupany, 2,5 kilometers north of the Danube at Orsova. Commanded by Paul Dimich von Papilla, the Austrian force consisted of the Wallachian cavalry regiment and the De Vins Hungarian infantry battalion led by Lieutenant-Colonel Pál Szentiványi. The Ottoman began bombarding De Vin's position which lasted 8 hours. The Ottomans began crossing the Danube using 13 ships and Szentiványi directed his guns against them but failed to prevent them. Seeing the dangerous situation, Papilla dispatched Romanian squadrons to help De Vin's battalion. Szentiványi sent a part of his force to prevent their crossing but failed.
Failed to prevent the Ottoman crossing, De Vin's battalion retreated. The Ottoman captured Austrian boats and facilitated the crossing faster. The Ottomans then chased the retreating battalion and attacked them at the village of Szupany. Szentiványi turned to face them. When he noticed they were about to attack from one of the hillsides, he sent part of his troops against them and defended with the rest in a square formation. But the Ottoman's superior strength made it impossible for him to hold his ground for any time. so he moved slowly backward to the village of Koramnik, north of Szupany.
The village of Koramnik was suddenly swarming with Turks. Attacking them would have meant the destruction of the battalion. The Austrians divided troops into smaller groups and tried to escape from the Ottomans by crossing the mountain range to the west. Even so, the retreat still claimed heavy losses. Only 70 of the battalion escaped on the roads through the rocky crevasses of the mountains. The rest lost their lives on the dangerous steep slopes. Szentivánvi himself, on his horse, fell into a deep ravine and was crushed to death. The Austrians lost 11 cannons alongside ammunition to the Ottomans.

## Aftermath

Papilla managed to escape with some of his troops. The troops at Szupany were originally dispatched to guard any possible Ottoman sorites from the city of Orsova. Joseph complained regarding the defeat and claimed it should never happened. Papilla's forces should've taken a position in the mountains But Papilla had either disregarded these instructions or they could not be fulfilled.
# Gore Mountain (New York)

Gore Mountain is a mountain located near the village of North Creek in Warren County, New York, of which its peak is the highest point. Gore is flanked to the north by South Mountain, and to the southwest by Height of Land Mountain. The mountain is the site of the Gore Mountain ski resort, and the Gore Mountain Fire Observation Station which was built in 1918.

## History

Gore mountain gets its name from the word "gore", a tract of land, typically triangular, characteristically arising from survey lines that do not close. The mountain remained unsurveyed during early settlement of the Adirondack Mountain region because it was considered valueless to early farmers and loggers. It was considered too high and steep for farming and horse drawn logging. It remained a "gore" and the name stuck as Gore Mountain.

### Fire tower

In August 1909, the first fire lookout tower was an 18-foot-tall (5.5 m) wooden tower constructed by the Forest, Fish and Game Commission. In 1918, the Civilian Conservation Corps replaced it with a 60-foot-tall (18 m) Aermotor LS40 tower. In October 1919, a hurricane caused the tower to fall down, as well as the tower on Hadley Mountain. The tower was rebuilt and was opened for the 1920 fire lookout season. The fire tower ceased fire lookout operations at the end of the 1988 season, and was officially closed in early 1989. The tower still remains but is closed to the public and is used as a communications relay tower.

## Watershed

Gore Mountain stands within the watershed of the Hudson River which drains into New York Harbor. The south end of Gore Mtn. drains into Black Mountain Brook, thence into Chatiemac Brook, North Creek, and the Hudson River. The southeast slopes of Gore Mtn. drains into Straight Brook, thence into North Creek. The northeast slopes of Gore Mtn. drains into Roaring Brook, thence into North Creek. The north west and west slopes of Gore Mtn. drain into the headwaters of the East Branch of the Sacandaga River, thence into Hudson River.

## Garnet mining

In 1878, Henry Hudson Barton began mining garnet at Gore Mountain for use as sandpaper abrasives, later purchasing the mountain and founding Barton Mines. The company relocated its mining operation to nearby Ruby Mountain in 1982. The mine operated until the early 1980s. The rock that contains these garnets, referred to as the Gore Mountain Garnet unit, is a garnet amphibolite. The largest garnet crystals in the world are found at Gore Mountain, ranging from 30 centimetres (12 in) to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter.
# Blue Blot

Blue Blot were a Belgian blues rock band.

## Biography

The band were formed by frontman Luke Walter Jr. and influenced by blues-rock and soul music, with an emphasis on hits. They signed to Ace, a small Belgium label and released their debut album, Shopping For Love in 1987. The group were signed to BMG / Ariola and achieved commercial success in Germany and Scandinavia with the albums Bridge To Your Heart and Where Do We Go and a cover of Toto's "Hold the Line". In 1993, Walter Jr discovered he was suffering from leukemia and left the band to be replaced by Steve Clisby. He later had a solo career but died in 1996.

## Members

* Luke Walter Jr. – vocals (to 1993)
* Steve Clisby – vocals (after 1993)
* Marty Townsend – guitar
* Lenny Northover – sax
* Michael Schack – drums
* Jan Meijers – bass
Backing vocals:
* Anja Baert alias Chelsy
* Catherine Mys
* Cindy Barg
* Mich Van Hautem
* Sabine de Vos (stand-in)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Shopping For Love (1987)
* Bridge to your Heart (1991)
* Where Do We Go (1992)
* Yo Yo Man (1994)
* Blue Blot (1996)

### Live albums

* Live (1993)

### Compilations

* Blunk (2000)
* Hit Collection (2008)
# Émile Coulonvaux

Émile Maurice Léon Coulonvaux (French pronunciation:; 26 February 1892 – 10 March 1966) was a Belgian liberal lawyer and politician. Coulonvaux was doctor in law and a lawyer. He became an alderman (1927–1928) in Dinant and was also liberal senator (1939–1946 and 1949–1961) and President of the Liberal Party in 1937–1940.

## Sources

* ↑ Histoire de Namur: nouveaux regards – Page 353 Philippe Jacquet, Réné Noël, Guy Philippart – 2005 "M. Émile Coulonvaux, Président National honoré par ses amis politiques, précise la position du Parti Libéral», La Province de Namur, 26 juillet 1937."
* Presidents of the Belgian liberal party
* This article about a Walloon politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# William H. Seevers

William Henry Seevers (1820–1895) was an Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court.

## Early Life

Seevers was born in 1822 to James and Rebecca (Wilkins) Seevers in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He was one of 10 children. James was a Private in the War of 1812. In Clarke County, Virginia, he began to read law.
James moved his family to Mahaska County, Iowa in 1843. William followed on June 22, 1844.

## Legal Career

He was admitted to the bar in Mahaska County in 1846. He was one of the first lawyers in Mahaska County.
After being admitted to the bar he joined the practice of William T. Smith until 1852. He then partnered with his brother, James, under the name of William H. and James A. Seevers. Several years later, M. T. Williams joined their firm. During the Civil War, his brother joined the military, the firm was renamed "Seevers and Williams". Later, after the dissolution of that firm, he partnered with M. E. Cutts until Seevers joined the State Supreme Court.
From 1848 to 1851, he was chosen to be a Prosecuting Attorney.
In 1873, he was chosen to be a Code Commissioner to revise the laws of Iowa. This revised edition would be the Code of 1873.

## Judicial Career

In 1852 he was elected to be a District Court Judge until 1857.
He joined the Iowa State Supreme Court from February 17, 1876, to December 31, 1888, being appointed from Mahaska County, Iowa. He was also Chief Justice in 1876, 1882 and 1888.

## Political Career

He was elected to the Iowa House in the 1856 general election. He represented the district consisting Poweshiek County and Mahaska. He became the Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee.
In 1872, he was a delegate for the Republican National Committee.
In 1875, he was re-elected to the Iowa House, but resigned shortly after to accept appointment to the State Supreme Court.

## Personal Life

On February 20, 1849, he married Caroline M. Lee in Oskaloosa. They had 7 children.
Seevers died in 1895 in his home in Oskaloosa of a stroke and was buried in Forest Cemetery. Caroline died in 1903.
# Astral (1923 automobile)

The Astral was a car built from 1923 to 1924 by Hertford Engineering Co Ltd, Barking, then in Essex (now in east London), England.
Only one model was made, the 12/40, and although it was short-lived, it had many advanced features. The engine, made in-house, was a 1720 cc four-cylinder with a single overhead camshaft, and the car had brakes on all four wheels. It costs £365 for a two-seater and £375 for a four/five-seat tourer. The number made is not known.
# Matteo Torchio

Matteo Torchio (born 13 December 1983) is an Italian former bobsledder. He competed in the two man and the four man events at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
# Abraham Eleazar

Abraham Eleazar is the fictitious author of an alchemical work titled R. Abrahami Eleazaris Uraltes Chymisches Werk ("R. Abraham Eleazar's Age-Old Chymical Work"). The book was first published in Erfurt in 1735; a second edition was published in Leipzig in 1760.
In the preface of the first part of the work, it is claimed that Abraham Eleazar drew his alchemical notions and illustrations from ancient copper tablets of Tubal-cain. The second part is ascribed to another rabbi named Samuel Baruch. It is further stated that the original was written in Latin, Arabic, Chaldaean, and Syriac.
Historical evidence suggests that the actual author behind both works was Julius Gervasius of Schwarzburg, who is credited as the publication's editor.
# Stephen Meek

Stephen Hall L. Meek (July 4, 1807 – January 8, 1889) was a fur trapper and guide in the American west, most notably a guide on a large wagon train that used a trail known as the Meek Cutoff. A native of Virginia, both he and his younger brother Joseph Meek would spend their lives as trappers west of the Rocky Mountains.

## Early years

Stephen Meek was born in Washington County, Virginia on July 4, 1807. In his autobiography, he claims to be a relative of President James K. Polk, and the claim is corroborated by his brother. He was educated in the local public schools in Virginia before beginning work for William Sublette in 1827. He began working as a laborer for Sublette's Rocky Mountain Fur Company in St. Louis, Missouri. Soon, however, he became a trapper for a variety of companies.

## American West

Meek joined an expedition with Benjamin Bonneville in 1831 as a trapper while Bonneville was exploring the Great Salt Lake. From 1833 to 1834, he traveled to California with Joseph R. Walker. Meek moved to the Oregon Country in 1835 and began working at the Hudson's Bay Company's Fort Vancouver for John McLoughlin. This included trips to California with Thomas McKay.
In 1841, Meek bought the first lot of the Oregon City, Oregon, townsite from John McLoughlin, and helped to survey the land. He joined the American mountaineers that year for one year. The following year, he served as a guide for a wagon train of pioneers to the Willamette Valley from Fort Laramie, and in 1845 led the ill-fated group that followed him from the Oregon Trail on the Meek Cutoff. That party split at Fort Hall from the main party that included Joel Palmer and Sam Barlow. In May 1845, he married Elizabeth Schoonover at St. Louis, Missouri. They had one son, George. The Meeks would reside at Linn City, Oregon, until 1848.

## Later years

Meek would later spend time in the mines of the California Gold Rush before settling in Siskiyou County, California. In 1850, he briefly returned to the Oregon Territory, before returning to California, continuing to mine until 1865. In 1865, Elizabeth died, and he returned to working as a guide and trapper. Stephen Meek died in Etna, California, on January 8, 1889, at the age of 81.
Pop Culture
Stephen Meek is always the points leader on the leader board in the legendary computer game: Oregon Trail.
He was portrayed by actor Bruce Greenwood in the 2010 Western film Meek's Cutoff.
# Mona Bell

Mona Bell (13 January 1890 – 1 June 1981) was an American rodeo rider and newspaper reporter. She was the mistress of Pacific Northwest entrepreneur Sam Hill.

## Early life

Born in East Grand Forks, Minnesota, 13 January 1890, for one year Mona Bell attended the University of North Dakota across the state line in Grand Forks, North Dakota; she apparently stood out there for her skills at basketball.
She was a fine horse rider and good with a rifle and a pistol. She was a rodeo rider (she rode broncs in male disguise). By her own account, she appeared in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show (although her biographer John A. Harrison was unable to verify that).
She later became a reporter for various U.S. newspapers.

## Relationship with Sam Hill

In 1910, she met Sam Hill. He was a prominent entrepreneur 33 years her senior and was by then almost entirely estranged from his wife, although they never divorced.
She moved to Portland, Oregon, in 1920 to be near him, and in 1928, he bought her 35 acres (140,000 m$^2$) on the Columbia River and built her a 22 room house to which she added an elaborate garden. That same year, they had a son – Sam B. Hill – Sam Hill's youngest / last child. An arranged marriage to Hill's cousin Edgar Hill allowed Sam B. to be raised as legitimate and be legally a member of his father's family.
Hill was clearly the love of her life, although Bell had two brief marriages, one to a dentist and one to a doctor.
Sam Hill had other lovers, and before Sam B. was born had two other children outside his marriage by two different woman.

## Eminent domain battle and afterward

Three years after his death, the house Sam Hill gave Bell was demolished for the construction of the Bonneville Dam.
When the U.S. government seized Bell's property for the Bonneville Dam project in 1933, they offered her $25,000 ($588,000 today). She went to court, and in 1935, received $72,500 plus interest ($78,661 total, or $1.7 million today).

## Later career and adventures

In her 20s and 30s, Bell had a career as a reporter for various newspapers around the United States, including in San Francisco, where she became the first female crime reporter in the country.
Some time before 1926, she swam the frigid Strait of Juan de Fuca, an achievement possibly exceeding Gertrude Ederle's famed 1926 feat of swimming the English Channel. Note: This reference seems to confuse the accomplishment with that of 18-yr old Marilyn Bell of Toronto, Ontario, in 1956.
After winning the eminent domain case, Bell and 7 year-old Sam B. made a two-year round-the-world voyage that included six months in Africa. She then moved back to Minnesota where she raised her son.
In 1953, Bell moved from Minnesota to Riverside, California. Like her earlier home on the Columbia, she was renowned in Minnesota and Riverside for her elaborate gardens.
Bell died in 1981 at age 91. Bell is buried at Forest Lawn Hollywood Hills.
# Bread (disambiguation)

Bread is a group of staple foods.
Bread may also refer to:

## Film and television

* Bread (1918 film), an American silent film
* Bread (1924 film), an American silent film
* Bread (1971 film), a British film directed by Stanley Long
* Bread (1986 film), an Israeli Hebrew-language film
* Bread (TV series), a 1986–1991 British sitcom

## Music

* Bread (band), an American soft rock band
** Bread (album), by Bread, 1969
* "Bread", a song by Todd Rundgren from Hermit of Mink Hollow, 1978
* Bread, an extended play by The Alchemist, 2018

## Other uses

* Bread (charity), a New Zealand charitable organisation
* "The Bread", a 1947 short story by Wolfgang Borchert
* "Bread", a poem by Patti Smith from her 1978 book Babel
* "Bread", a pseudonym used by David Katz, perpetrator of the 2018 Jacksonville Landing shooting
* "Bread", a nickname commonly used for money.
# 2017 DR Congo landslide

On 16 August 2017, severe flooding caused a mountainside to collapse, triggering a landslide which affected a fishing village in the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DR Congo) Ituri province. The disaster killed at least 200 people. Much of the damage is attributed to poorly regulated housing in vulnerable mountainous regions and heavy deforestation.

## Events

Heavy rainfall impacted the Ituri province in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) on the night of 15 August 2017. West African countries, including the DR Congo, are susceptible to devastating landslides as a growing demand for residential properties force communities to crowd hillsides. Large scale deforestation, occurring in regions throughout the country, incurs significant adverse soil erosion, heightening the threat of slope failure.
A mountainside situated on the western banks of Lake Albert collapsed on 16 August, triggering a landslide which impacted the fishing village of Tora. Initial estimates reported about 40 people were killed by the disaster with as many as 200 others missing. The following day, the province's deputy governor Pacifique Keta announced the death toll had risen to 200 and 50 properties were completely submerged. Four other victims were treated for injuries at Tshomia Hospital.
Deputy governor Keta declared a state of emergency and appealed to the international community for support with relief efforts. Following the landslide in Tora, search and rescue teams from the Red Cross of the DR Congo recovered 44 bodies from the disaster area in the first day. Persistent rainfall disrupted recovery missions, as did the region's topography. The United Nations (UN) sent a humanitarian team to evacuate survivors and assess the damage.
# Michal Jeřábek

Michal Jeřábek (born 10 September 1993) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Malaysian club Kelantan Darul Naim.

## Club career

Having played 35 games for Dukla Prague, Jeřábek signed for Teplice in January 2016. On 8 January 2023, he joined Trinity Zlín.
# Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy

The Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfRA) (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie) is located in Bonn, Germany. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). 50°43′47.6″N 7°4′9.2″E﻿ / ﻿50.729889°N 7.069222°E﻿ / 50.729889; 7.069222﻿ (Argelander-Institute for Astronomy)

## History

By combining the already existing radio astronomy faculty of the University of Bonn led by Otto Hachenberg with the new Max Planck institute the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy was formed. In 1972 the 100-m radio telescope in Effelsberg was opened. The institute building was enlarged in 1983 and 2002.
The southern wing of the whole complex is occupied by the Argelander Institute of Astronomy of the University of Bonn.

## Structure

The Institute has three main research groups, each with its own Director

### Departments

* Fundamental Physics (Michael Kramer)
* VLBI and Radio Astronomy (Anton Zensus)
* Millimetre Astronomy (Karl Menten)

### Independent Research Groups

* Lise Meitner Group on Fast Radio Bursts as Astrophysical Tools (Laura Spitler)

## Graduate Program

The International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics is a highly competitive-entry graduate program offering a Ph.D. The school is run in cooperation with the University of Bonn and University of Cologne.
# Bankside Pier

Bankside Pier is a stop for river services in London. It is located on the south bank of the River Thames, close to the Tate Modern.
Three services call at the pier: the river bus routes RB1 (between Battersea Power Station and Barking Riverside) and RB2 (from here to Vauxhall (St George Wharf) Pier and Millbank Pier for the Tate Britain). The third service is the Circular Cruise Westminster which goes to Westminster via St Katherine's.

## Other public transport nearby

* Southwark tube station (Jubilee line)
* Blackfriars station (Circle and District lines & Thameslink) – on the north side of the River Thames
* The pier and Shakespeare's Globe
* The pier as seen from the South Bank
* Departing from the pier

## Services

| Preceding station | London River Services | Following station |
| Blackfriars Piertowards Battersea Power Station Pier | RB1 | London Bridge City Piertowards Barking Riverside Pier |
| Embankment Piertowards Putney Pier | RB2 | London Bridge City Piertowards North Greenwich Pier |
| Blackfriars Piertowards Putney Pier | RB6 | London Bridge City Piertowards Royal Wharf Pier |
| Festival Piertowards Westminster Millennium Pier | Westminster to St Katharine's Circular | London Bridge City Piertowards Westminster Millennium Pier |
# Isaacs Creek (Missouri)

Isaacs Creek is a stream in Ripley County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Current River.
The stream headwaters arise at 36°42′34″N 90°50′02″W﻿ / ﻿36.7094444°N 90.8338889°W﻿ / 36.7094444; -90.8338889 at an elevation of approximately 585 feet. It flows to the southwest entering the Mark Twain National Forest and then turns to the south and flows roughly parallel to Missouri Route Y. It crosses under Route Y and enters the Current at 36°39′18″N 90°51′37″W﻿ / ﻿36.655058°N 90.860401°W﻿ / 36.655058; -90.860401 approximately 2.5 miles northwest of Doniphan and an elevation of 341 feet.
Isaacs Creek has the name of Isaac Payne, an early citizen.
# Pa Chenar, Gilan

Pa Chenar (Persian: پاچنار) is a village in, and the capital of, Pachenar Rural District in Lowshan District of Rudbar County, Gilan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 370 in 93 households, when it was in Kalashtar Rural District of the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 336 people in 102 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 410 people in 133 households.
In 2024, 12 villages and the city of Lowshan were separated from the district in the formation of Lowshan District, and Pa Chenar was transferred to Pachenar Rural District created in the new district.