OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pan Am Flight 1-10

Pan Am Flight 1-10 was a Pan American passenger flight from London to Shannon Airport, part of a flight around the world from San Francisco, California, to New York City. On 15 April 1948, the Lockheed Constellation serving the flight crashed 725 meters (2,379 ft) short of Runway 23 at Shannon. Ten flight crew and 20 passengers died in the crash; 1 passenger survived with minor injuries.

## Description

"Pan Am Flight 1-10", flown with the Pan American Airways Lockheed Constellation, aircraft NC-88858 named "Clipper Empress of the Skies", departed from a London airport at 0:35 am.
At 1:59 am it reported to Shannon Airport that it was at the marker at Limerick Junction. The flight received clearance to land on runway 23 at 2:10 am but reported a missed approach ten minutes later. After getting a second clearance to land, it struck a stone fence 725 meters (2,379 ft) short of the runway, but perfectly aligned with it.
The initial crash ripped the plane apart. The undercarriage and the engines were torn off while the fuselage broke into three pieces. Fire destroyed the remains of the fuselage.

## Cause of the accident

The U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board investigated the crash and published its findings on 24 June 1948:
   The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the continuation of an instrument approach to an altitude insufficient to clear the terrain. A contributing factor may have been the failure of the pilot's instrument fluorescent light.
The flight crew had earlier reported trouble with the pilot's instrument fluorescent light. At earlier stops in Brussels and London this light had failed too, but the maintenance crew in London could not repair it due to lack of spare parts.
Shannon Airport had earlier reported a fire in its ILS system, causing the system to fail. By the time the "Clipper Empress of the Skies" arrived, the system was again fully functional.

## Passenger list

The lone survivor was a Lockheed Aircraft Company employee. He was Lockheed's former maintenance manager at Shannon and, when found, was taken to hospital suffering from extensive burns and abrasions. He believed his injuries happened when he was thrown through the floor of belly baggage compartment which he thinks happened as the tail section fell off the plane. He had unfastened his safety belt when he realised the plane was going to crash, yet other passengers seemed quite calm. He later said that "I was a little dazed but I was able to get up and walk away" though worse off than he thought. The wife of the survivor had been waiting at the airport for him to arrive and saw a person staggering away from the burning wreckage. She accompanied Pan Am officials to the crash site to help, not knowing the person she saw was her husband and only survivor.
Among those killed in the crash were Mumtaz Shahnawaz, a Pakistani diplomat and writer; and Homi Maneck Mehta, an Indian industrialist.
# Sea Education Association

Sea Education Association (SEA) is a private, nonprofit educational organization. Founded in 1971 by Corwith Cramer, Jr. SEA operates two sailing ships traveling throughout both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
SEA is based on Cape Cod in the oceanographic research community of Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

## History

Founded in 1971, the Sea Education Association spent its first years operated from headquarters in Boston and Chicago, however in 1975, Corwith Cramer had the organization and its sole vessel, the R/V Westward, transferred to its modern-day location in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
Over the years, the program would expand greatly, with more ocean semester programs being offered at a time and the expanding of the SEA fleet. Most of these changes can be accredited to Cramer's successor, Rafe Parker, who replaced him in 1982. Some of the program's most significant changes include, the addition of the SSV Corwith Cramer brigantine in 1987, and the replacement of the R/V Westward with the SSV Robert C. Seamans in 2001.
John Bullard took over as President in 2002 and retired in June 2012. During Bullard's term, SEA developed the Stanford@SEA Program and formed additional partnerships with domestic and foreign universities.
In 2004 SEA joined the Woods Hole Diversity Advisory Committee, a coordination between NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and Woods Hole Research Center to increase diversity and inclusion within ocean sciences. This effort was initiated and led by Ambrose Jearld Jr. of Woods Hole.
Peg Brandon, SEA Semester alumna and former SEA Faculty Captain, took over as SEA's President in 2014.

## Vessels

* SSV Corwith Cramer
* SSV Robert C. Seamans
# Diuris systena

Diuris systena, commonly known as New England golden moths, is a species of orchid that is endemic to the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. It has two or three grass-like, narrowly linear leaves and up to four lemon yellow and brownish-green flowers.

## Description

Diuris systena is a tuberous, perennial herb with two or three grass-like, linear leaves 150–350 mm (5.9–13.8 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide. Up to four lemon yellow flowers 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long are borne on a green flowering stem 150–350 mm (5.9–13.8 in) high. The dorsal sepal is egg-shaped, 9–15 mm (0.35–0.59 in) long, 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide with a greenish-brown base and few faint stripes. The lateral sepals are brownish-green, sword-shaped and parallel to each other, 18–25 mm (0.71–0.98 in) long and 2.0–3.5 mm (0.079–0.138 in) wide. The petal blades are narrowly egg-shaped to narrowly elliptic, 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) long and 4.0–6.5 mm (0.16–0.26 in) wide on a stalk 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long. The labellum is 12–17 mm (0.47–0.67 in) long with three lobes - the centre lobe egg-shaped, 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long and 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) wide, the side lobes erect, linear to narrowly oblong, 2.0–4.5 mm (0.079–0.177 in) long and 0.8–2 mm (0.031–0.079 in) wide. The labellum callus consists of a central ridge with two hairy side ridges. Flowering occurs from late September to early November.

## Taxonomy and naming

Diuris systena was first formally described in 2012 by David Jones and Lachlan Copeland in The Orchadian, from a specimen collected by Copeland near Ebor in 2006. The specific epithet (systena) means "tapering to a point", referring to the tip of the labellum mid-lobe.

## Distribution and habitat

New England golden moths mostly grows around the edges of swamps and in soils derived from basalt near Ebor and from granite in the Cathedral Rock National Park on the Northern Tablelands of northern New South Wales.
# William Chatfield

William Charles Chatfield (1851 – 30 May 1930) was a New Zealand architect. He was born in Sussex and educated in Brixton, Surrey. He moved to New Zealand at the age of 16. In 1886 he designed the Te Aro Opera House which was located at 73 Manners Street. Two of his remaining buildings are the Star Boating Club and the Stewart Dawson's Building.
Chatfield died on 30 May 1930 aged 79.
# Ariana Rodríguez

Ariana Rodríguez Fung (born 3 November 2005) is a Dominican Republic volleyball player who played the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Personal life

Rodríguez is 14 cm (6 in) tall 67 kilograms (148 lb), born on 3 November 2005, in New York City, United States. Her parents are Dominican Elvis Rodríguez, who played volleyball professionally for seven years in Switzerland, former AVP player, Dominican national team member and coach and Dominican Chinese Suquin Fung, collegiate and Dominican League volleyball player and coach. She went to Poly Prep Country Day School in New York, winning two NYSAIS championships, first team, all-league and Most Valuable Player and is studying at University of Miami.

## Career
### 2021

Rodríguez played with her national team the 2021 FIVB Women's U20 World Championship, finishing with her team in the eight place after losing 0–3 to Brazil.

### 2022

She won with the Dominican Republic the U19 Pan American Cup bronze medal and the Best server award.

### 2023

Playing with her national Youth team, she played the U19 Pan American Cup where her team finished in fifth place and she was selected Best scorer and Best Server. At the U21 Pan-American Cup held in Nogales, Mexico, she played as an opposite, even though her team lost the bronze medal to Cuba, she was awarded the Best Opposite. She was among the preliminary roster for the Nations League, but never make it to the main team.
Rodríguez won the gold medal at the U23 Pan-American Cup winning the Best Setter and Most Valuable Player awards. In August, she played the U19 World Championship and help her national team to rank in 13th place with a 29 points match. While she was playing as an outside hitter instead of her usual role of setter, she received the call to play with her Senior National Team for the upcoming Olympic qualifier. She was part of the team that played the Olympic Qualification Tournament where her team won a birth for the 2024 Summer Olympics after winning the Pool A and qualifying for the fourth time to the Olympics.

### 2024

She traveled to Brazil to take part of the Nations League. Her team ended with a 2–9 mark and did not qualify for the final round. She then played at the NORCECA U21 Volleyball Continental Championship and helped her team to win the bronze medal and was awarded tournament's Best Server. She confessed that she was living an olympic dream, when she joined her national team at the 2024 Summer Olympics, when the Dominican Republic finished eight, losing 0–3 to Brazil in the quarterfinals.

## Awards
### Individuals

* 2022 U19 Pan American Cup "Best Server"
* 2023 U19 Pan American Cup "Best Scorer"
* 2023 U19 Pan American Cup "Best Server"
* 2023 U21 Pan American Cup "Best Opposite"
* 2023 U23 Pan-American Cup "Most Valuable Player"
* 2023 U23 Pan-American Cup "Best Setter"
* 2024 U21 NORCECA Championship "Best Server"
# Charles Diehl

Charles Diehl (French:; 19 January 1859 – 1 November 1944) was a French historian born in Strasbourg. He was a leading authority on Byzantine art and history.

## Biography

He received his education at the École Normale Supérieure, and later taught classes on Byzantine history at the Sorbonne. He was member of the École française de Rome (1881–1883) and the École française d'Athènes. In 1910, he became a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (elected president in 1921).
He died in Paris.

## Legacy

The Karolou Dil Street in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) was named after Charles Diehl. The street is located near the Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia that was restored by him between 1907 and 1909.

## Honours and awards
### Honorary degrees

* Harvard University
* Université libre de Bruxelles
* University of Belgrade
* University of Bucharest
* National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

### Prizes

* Montyon Prize (1981)
* Marcelin-Guérin Prize (1907)
* Grand Prix of the Académie Française (1944)

### Acknowledgement

* Member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
* Member of the Medieval Academy of America
* Member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
* Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
* Associate Member of the Real Academia de la Historia
* Associate Member of the Romanian Academy

### Honours

* Grand officier of the Legion of Honour (1939)

## Selected works

Diehl was the author of several influential books on Byzantine art and history. His treatise "Byzance. Grandeur et décadence" was translated into English by Naomi Walford and published in 1957 as "Byzantium: Greatness and Decline".
Other published works by Diehl include:
* 1896: L'Art byzantin dans L'Italie méridionale – Byzantine art in southern Italy.
* 1896: L'Afrique byzantine. Histoire de la domination byzantine en Afrique (533–709) – Byzantine Africa; history of Byzantine domination in Africa 533–709.
* 1901: Justinien et la Civilisation byzantine au 6. Siècle – Justinian I and the Byzantine civilization of the 6th century.
* 1904: Theodora, Imperatrice de Byzance – Theodora, Imperatrice of Byzantium.
* 1906–1908: Figures Byzantines – Byzantine figures.
* 1908: Excursions archéologiques en Grèce – Archaeological excursions in Greece.
* 1910: Manuel d'art byzantin – Manual of Byzantine art.
* 1920: Histoire de l'empire byzantin – History of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1928: L'Art chrétien primitif et l'art byzantin – Early Christian art and Byzantine art.
* 1933: La Peinture byzantine – Byzantine paintings.
* 1943: Les Grands Problèmes de l'Histoire Byzantine – The main problems of Byzantine history.
# William Gaehler

William Gaehler (February 15, 1896 – October 21, 1944) was an American canoeist who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
He was born in New York City and died in Bronx, New York
In 1936 he and his partner William Lofgren finished seventh in the K-2 10000 metres competition.
# Herman H. Pevler

Herman H. Pevler (20 April 1903 – 29 August 1978) was the tenth president of the Roanoke, VA based Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W). He had previously served as president of the Wabash Railroad, and served as president of the N&W from October 1, 1963, until his retirement in April 1970.

## Personal life

Commonwealth Magazine once described Pevler as "a driver who operated with doors open and coats off," citing the "sheer force of his personality" and vigor in his activities. He was an alumnus of Purdue University. He was buried in Evergreen Burial Park, Roanoke, Virginia,

## Career

In 1927, Herman Pevler commenced work with the Pennsylvania Railroad, and he was elected vice president of that railway in 1948.
In 1959, he was elected a director of the First National Bank in St. Louis.
Herman Pevler was the president of Wabash Railroad before he succeeded Stuart T. Saunders as President of N&W. Saunders left to head the Pennsylvania Railroad, a major N&W stockholder at that time. Pevler oversaw a complex group of mergers, which began under Saunders and merged the Nickel Plate Road, the Wabash Railroad, and portions of the Pennsylvania Railroad into the N&W company. The mergers were completed in 1964 and widely expanded the company, reaching major points such as Detroit, Chicago, and St. Louis. The latter two were major gateways and interchange points with western railroads.
Following the expansion, N&W's revenue quadrupled during Pevler's administration. Coming from the Wabash, he was the first N&W president in the 20th century to have not come up through the lower ranks of the N&W, and his leadership was met with some resistance by some N&W staff. Among his legacies was a change in N&W livery on locomotives to a blue very similar to that employed by the Wabash, which became known within the company as "Pevler blue." As his mandatory retirement age approached, it became known that Pevler intended to recommend to the board of directors a top official of another railroad as his replacement. However, quick maneuvering by N&W insiders and lobbying of key directors resulted in the selection of John P. Fishwick, a longtime N&W staff attorney who Pevler had assigned to Cleveland to oversee a subsidiary operation.
In 1959, Pevler wrote a 12-page pamphlet on Featherbedding titled The Changing Railroad Picture.
Pevler supported the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966.

## Awards

In 1967, Pevler was named Roanoke's Outstanding Citizen.
# Coon Creek (Elk Fork Salt River tributary)

Coon Creek is a stream located in Monroe and Randolph counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Elk Fork Salt River.
It is named after William Coon, a pioneer settler.
# VBOX7

VBox7 (pronounced "vi box sedem" in Bulgarian and "vi box seven" in English, stylized variously as VBOX7 or vbox7) is a Bulgarian video platform. As of April 2017, it was the 22nd most popular website in Bulgaria. The website has been owned by the Netinfo company since October 2007.

## History

The site was launched on 30 July 2006 and in the beginning it regularly had only a few visitors. The site's slogan was The Bulgarian video sharing website. In March 2008, VBox7 was regularly visited by around 200,000 people while there were more than 9,000 registered users. On 6 February 2012 the mobile version of the site was launched. Two years later, a mobile app for Android and iOS was created.
In early June 2014, the site launched a partnership program because user-generated content was not seen as profitable anymore. VBox7 started to transition to self-produced content and partners network. In 2015, famous Bulgarian vloggers (Emil Conrad and Boryana Stefanova, for example) migrated to YouTube. Videos of users, who didn't have a contract with VBox7, were made inaccessible from outside Bulgaria. A lot of previously uploaded videos were deleted. VBox7 changed its design to a more mobile-friendly one, merging the mobile and desktop versions. The transition was considered complete by the end of 2016.

## Features
### Video technology

Previously, watching videos on VBox7 required the Adobe Flash Player plug-in to be installed because the site made use of the flv video format.
Now, VBox7 uses an HTML5 video player and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is its default video compression format. The site also supports HD videos up to 2160p.

### Mobile app

VBox7 published its mobile app in March 2014. As of April 2016 it had around 1 million downloads in Google Play and iTunes.
# Sfântu Gheorghe minibus accident

The Sfântu Gheorghe minibus accident took place on October 5, 2019 near Sfântu Gheorghe village in Ialomița County, south-eastern Romania. It was the worst accident in Romania in recent years.

## Incident

The minibus had left for a short time from the village of Munteni-Buzău, Ialomița county and headed for Bucharest. Around 05.00 in the morning, the minibus, operated by the CDI transport company, was smashed by a truck which was running on the opposite side of the road. The truck driver is alleged to have fallen asleep at the wheel, leading to the truck leaving its lane. The victims were transported to Bagdasar Arseni and Floreasca hospitals in Bucharest.

## Reactions

The company Mega Image states in a Facebook post: "According to the first informations transmitted by IPJ Ialomița spokesperson, the accident was caused by the driver of the TIR entered the counter, entering full collision with the minibus in which they were our colleagues. We are with the grieving families and we will support them in all the necessary steps".
The Transport Minister, Răzvan Cuc, states in a Facebook post: "Because the Romanians are waiting for us, those who care about us, solutions, especially in such situations, I decided to convene at 4:00 pm an operational committee with all the decision makers involved to take the necessary measures so that such tragedies do not recur. There will be a period of massive traffic jams to track down transportation companies and drivers who do not comply with the law, and we will apply drastic new measures in this area. Condolences to the families who are going through a difficult ordeal!".
The President of Romania, Klaus Iohannis, said during a campaign event for his re-election: "Today I received an awful message. There was a terrible accident between Urziceni and Slobozia, with ten dead and almost ten seriously injured. It made me very sad. Condolences, I'm very sorry! Let us understand from here that the lack of infrastructure kills as well as corruption kills. This criminal negligence of the PSD costs the lives of Romanians".
# North End, Bexley

North End is a name for a neighbourhood in the London Borough of Bexley and the term is of fading use. It was originally a hamlet or farmstead towards the north of the parish of Crayford, a parish founded by the early Middle Ages and which continues in the Church of England.
North End has largely been absorbed by the sprawl of neighbouring communities. It previously covered an area either side of what is now North End Road, between Colyers Lane and Boundary Street, and included Myrtle Farm. In 1848 Samuel Lewis's 'A Topographical Dictionary of England' states that Northend was a hamlet with 191 people.
Bus routes 89 and route 428 serve the area and Southeastern trains serve Slade Green railway station on the North Kent Line from Dartford to London.
As wards currently are named, in an approximately 10-year renaming and redrawing, a North End ward covers a wider area in the London Borough of Bexley.
# Mattatuxet River

The Mattatuxet River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 3 km (2 mi). There are two dams along the river's length.

## Course

The river rises in North Kingstown from an unnamed pond along Post Road, just east of the RI 138/U.S. 1 interchange. From there, the river flows north to Silver Spring Lake, then south to its mouth at Carr Pond. Below the pond, the river is tidal and becomes the Pettaquamscutt River (Narrow River).

## Crossings

Below is a list of all crossings over the Mattatuxet River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.
* North Kingstown
** Tower Hill Road (U.S. 1)
** Rhode Island State Route 138

## Tributaries

The Mattatuxet River has no named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams that also feed it.
# Lorne sausage

The Lorne sausage, also known as square sausage, flat sausage or slice, is a traditional Scottish food item made from minced meat, rusk and spices. Although termed a sausage, no casing is used to hold the meat in shape, hence it is usually served as square slices from a formed block. It is a common component of the traditional Scottish breakfast.

## Name

It is thought that the sausage is named after the region of Lorne in Argyll; advertisements for 'Lorne Sausage' have been found in newspapers as early as 1892. This was long before Scottish comedian Tommy Lorne, after whom the sausage has been said to be named, became well-known: he was born in 1890.

## History

The exact origins of the Lorne sausage remain unclear. It is often eaten in the Scottish variant of the full breakfast or in a breakfast roll. The sausage is also an appropriate size to make a sandwich using a slice from a plain loaf of bread cut in half.

## Preparation

Sausage meat (beef, pork or more usually a combination of the two) is minced with rusk and spices, packed into a rectangular tin with a cross-section of about ten centimetres (four inches) square, and sliced about one centimetre (one-half inch) thick before cooking. Square sausage has no casing, unlike traditional sausages, and must be tightly packed into the mould to hold it together; slices are often not truly square.
Occasionally, it has a length of caseless black pudding or haggis through the middle, in the style of a gala pie.