# Inaruwa Municipality

Inaruwa (Nepali: इनरुवा) is the headquarter of Sunsari district that lies in the Koshi province of Eastern Nepal. Inaruwa is a municipality since the time of Panchayat in the year 2047 BS. After 2015, it has been operating under a mayor-council form of government and is currently led by Mayor Kedar Bhandari. Spanning 77.92 square kilometers, the municipality is home to a population of nearly 75 thousand residents.
In 2015, after the implementation of federalism all over Nepal, VDCs like Babiya, Madhesa, Dumraha, Jalpapur, Chadwela were merged into this municipality. Geographically, Inaruwa is surrounded by Gadhi Rural Municipality in the east, Bhokraha Rural Municipality in the west, Itahari Sub-metropolitan city and Ramdhuni Municipality in the north and Harinagar Rural Municipality in the south. The municipality is politically divided into 10 wards.

## History
### Before Annexation in Nepal

During Vedic Period, Inaruwa was a part of Mithila region that was subsequently annexed by King Mawrong into Limbuwan rajya along with its neighbouring districts Jhapa and Morang. Later, after the Limbuwan Gorkha War (1771-1774 AD), Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa which were under Limbuwan rule, were conquered by the Gorkha Kingdom, thereby forming them as a part of Nepal.

### How it got its name

Historically, Inaruwa has many dug wells (इनार) to get ground water for household and agriculture purposes. The people from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar used to cross border to graze their camels and sheep. These people used to pause around the wells and feed water to their cattle. Inaruwa was quite famous amongst the shepherds for these wells. The place got its name from these people repeatedly calling it "इनार वा" (pronounced as Inarwa) in their mother tongue, which means, 'place where is a well'.

## Religious places

Religious places in the municipality include:
* Satyanarayan Mandir, Inaruwa 1
* Ram Janaki Mandir, Inaruwa 7
* Maa Bhagwati Mandir, Inaruwa 1
* Shiv Mandir, Inaruwa 1
* Maa Durga Mandir, Inaruwa 2(Behebare haat)
* Radha Krishna Mandir, Inaruwa 3
* Hanuman Mandir, Inaruwa 4
* Latidevi Than, Inaruwa 5
* Jama masjid, Inaruwa 4
* LaxmiNarayan Mandir, Inaruwa 2
* Hatti ghoda than, Inaruwa 8
* Radha Krishna mandir, Inaruwa 2 (Pandit Tole)

## Administration

A municipality in Nepal is an administrative division in the Provinces of Nepal. It functions as a sub-unit of a district.
** Mayor - Kedar Bhandari
** Deputy Mayor - Binita Mehta
** Ward Chairman
*** Ward 1 - Pramod Pokhrel
*** Ward 2 - Bishwanath Thakur
*** Ward 3 - Ramesh Kumar shrestha
*** Ward 4 - Bauwalal Mehta
*** Ward 5 - Anil Kumar Pokhrel
*** Ward 6 - Suman Thapa
*** Ward 7 - Himmat Singh Khawas
*** Ward 8 - Ashok Kumar sahu Teli
*** Ward 9 - Wasir muddin Mansuri
*** Ward 10 - MD. Khalil Aktar
** Head Officer - Dasrath Rai
** Administration, Plan and Monitoring - Kapildev Mehta
*** Information and Communication officer - Niraj Pokhrel
*** Administration planning and Monitoring - Bhagwat Mehta
*** Jinsi - Kumar Niraula
** Finance Officer -Ashok Mehta
*** Revenue Dept. - Kumari Bhattarai
** Infrastructure Development and Management - Er. Umeshwor Mehta
*** Building and housing -Er. Sanjay Mehta
*** Disaster management - Binod Bhattarai
*** Vehicle - Geeta Kumari Subedi
*** City Police - Hukumdhwaj Karki
** Health care department - Kapleshwor Shah
** Education, Youth & sports - Dilliraj Niraula
** Economic development - Jeevan Kumar Bhattarai
** Law department - Baburam Bhattarai
Bold names are Adhikrit

## Geography

Inaruwa lies in the south-east part of Nepal and is within the terai plain. It covers an area of 77.92 km$^2$, sharing boundaries with Ramdhuni Municipality, Harinagar gaupalika, Gadhi gaupalika, Itahari sub-metropolitan city. It has 10 wards althogether. Inaruwa has prennial rivers like sunsari river. It is located at the elevation of 75 m (approx) from the sea level and is rich in fertile soil.

## Demographics
### Census 2021

According to the 2021 census, the total number of families is 16029, Inaruwa Municipality has a total population of 74914, out of which there are 36689 males and 38225 females, with a sex ratio of 95.98 male per 100 Female .In the same year, Inaruwa had 16029 households.
Languages
Majority of people living in Inaruwa speak Maithili language, while Bhojpuri, Nepali and Tharu are also some of common spoken languages in Inaruwa.
language in Inaruwa
Religion
Religion in Inaruwa (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 81.3% | 81.3% |
| Islam | Islam | 16.5% | 16.5% |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 0.9% | 0.9% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Prakriti | Prakriti | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Others | Others | 0.5% | 0.5% |
Majority of people living in Inaruwa are Hindus, with Muslim being the second most highest population here.
Population by Gender
Wardwise population in Inaruwa (2021) :
| Ward | Ward | Percent | Percent |
| 1 | 1 | 7.14% | 7.14% |
| 2 | 2 | 9.36% | 9.36% |
| 3 | 3 | 12.2% | 12.2% |
| 4 | 4 | 9.239% | 9.239% |
| 5 | 5 | 7.315% | 7.315% |
| 6 | 6 | 9.837% | 9.837% |
| 7 | 7 | 10.05% | 10.05% |
| 8 | 8 | 11.398% | 11.398% |
| 9 | 9 | 13.09% | 13.09% |
| 10 | 10 | 10.25% | 10.25% |

## Health care

Inaruwa also boasts of a state-of-the-art hospital that provides 24-hour emergency services to its residents. The hospital is staffed with a team of highly skilled and experienced medical professionals who specialize in a wide range of human healthcare services. The hospital also collaborates with various government programs to provide free health care services to the local community, such as health campaigns in each ward. Additionally, the hospital also offers services under health insurance policies, making quality healthcare accessible to a wider range of individuals. To further enhance the accessibility of healthcare services, each ward of Inaruwa is also equipped with Health Posts that provide primary care services to the local residents.

## Sports

Inaruwa has stadium with covered hall located behind district hospital. Inaruwa is hub for sports like volleyball, football, cricket and many more.
The town hosts national-level sports and tournaments every year, and has hosted many sport tournaments, mainly cricket and football, including the President Gold Cup, Mayor cup, Manmohan Smirti Cup, and Sunsari Premier League. It has hosted Nepal's first night Cricket too. Numbers of night volleyball has been organised annually. Also President Cup is organised in the stadium.

## Transportation

Inaruwa is a city located in the fertile plain of Nepal. It is situated on the Mahendra Highway, which acts as a major transport hub connecting the city to surrounding villages, as well as the larger cities of Itahari, Biratnagar, and Jhumka. The city has well-maintained roadways, making it easily accessible by car or bus. The nearest airport to Inaruwa is Biratnagar Airport, located 25.4 km (15.8 mi) away.
In addition to the Mahendra Highway, Inaruwa also has roadways that link it to the Indian border via Dewangunj and Bhutaha. Furthermore, the city has a newly built bus station that provides links to Prakashpur, Bhutaha and other junctions on the Mahendra Highway. This makes Inaruwa an important transportation hub for the region, connecting people and goods to various destinations.

## Media

Inaruwa has numerous local newspaper publications, Radio stations as well as provided by all national newspapers and television. Daily newspapers like Pratikchhan daily, radio stations like Popular FM and Advance FM, National daily newspapers like The Kathmandu Post, The Himalayan Times, the Annapurna post, and all TV channels like Kantipur Television, Galaxy News, Prime News etc. provide services. Also, few of them provide e- News services via Facebook and Twitter.

## Education

Inaruwa has 68 educational institutions, including playgroup, primary, secondary and higher education up to master's degree level. Inaruwa has six colleges for undergraduate and postgraduate education. It has a 60.54% literacy rate. Also, a few primary public schools have initiated English-medium education.
According to latest data as published by Inaruwa municipality, 27 public schools with highly appreciated technology like E-attendance and Wi-fi. All schools follows annual calendar and plans, policies.
Few schools names are :
Bal Mandir School
Saraswati higher secondary school
Rajajee Ramjee mahato(Dash)Secondary School
Janta secondary school
Sharada secondary school
Sunsari Multiple Campus

## Mayors

| Election | Election | Mayor | Party | Tenure |
| | 2074 | Rajan Mehta | Nepali Congress | 2074-2079 |
| | 2079 | Kedar Bhandari | Nepali Congress | 2079-2084 |

## Economic Activities

The major economic activities in Inaruwa are Agriculture, Local business, livestock, poultry, Milk, Mineral water production, Rice production.

## Climate

Summer season (Mar-Jun) is quite hot and wet. Temperature here, reaches up to 40 °C in summer.
Winter season (Dec-Feb) of Inaruwa is cold and dry. Temperature falls down up to 8-9 °C in winter.
In July–September, it receives heavy rainfall. About 2007 mm of precipitation falls annually where the precipitation reaches its peak in July with an average of 571 mm and it experiences the lowest precipitation in December with only 4 mm.
Climate data for Inaruwa (1985-2017) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) | 26.1 (79.0) | 30.9 (87.6) | 33.9 (93.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.1 (89.8) | 31.6 (88.9) | 29.3 (84.7) | 25.4 (77.7) | 30.2 (86.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.6 (65.5) | 23.3 (73.9) | 27.1 (80.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.4 (83.1) | 26.4 (79.5) | 22.3 (72.1) | 18.0 (64.4) | 24.6 (76.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.3 (73.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.8 (78.4) | 24.7 (76.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 15.3 (59.5) | 10.5 (50.9) | 19.0 (66.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.7 (0.46) | 13.2 (0.52) | 13.2 (0.52) | 53.1 (2.09) | 186.0 (7.32) | 302.4 (11.91) | 530.8 (20.90) | 378.3 (14.89) | 298.8 (11.76) | 91.8 (3.61) | 5.9 (0.23) | 6.6 (0.26) | 1,891.8 (74.47) |
| Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (Nepal) ||||||||||||||

### 2022

Climate data for Inaruwa :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 70 (21) | 73 (23) | 90 (32) | 91 (33) | 88 (31) | 88 (31) | 90 (32) | 91 (33) | 88 (31) | 90 (32) | 84 (29) | 82 (28) | 91 (33) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 37 (3) | 36 (2) | 46 (8) | 57 (14) | 57 (14) | 66 (19) | 68 (20) | 66 (19) | 66 (19) | 63 (17) | 57 (14) | 48 (9) | 36 (2) |
| Source: AccuWeather ||||||||||||||