OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph A. Foran High School

Joseph A. Foran High School is a public high school located in Milford, Connecticut. The school serves about 1,000 students in grades 9–12 in the Milford Public Schools system.

## History

Opened in 1973, the school was named for former Superintendent of Schools Joseph A. Foran. It opened as the third of three high schools in Milford, including Milford High School and Jonathan Law High School. About ten years after the opening of Foran High School, Milford High School closed in 1983.
In 2020, the high school renamed its softball diamond in honor of the softball player, two-time state honoree, and alumni, Danni Kemp.
In 2022, the high school renamed its tennis courts in honor of its first principal, Richard Herman after his death.

## Sports

Fall sports include boys' and girls' cross country, football, boys' and girls' soccer, girls' swimming, and girls' volleyball.
Winter sports include boys' and girls' basketball, girls' gymnastics, boys' and girls' ice hockey, boys' swimming, boys' and girls' indoor track, and wrestling.
Spring sports include baseball, boys' and girls' golf, boys' and girls' lacrosse, boys' and girls' outdoor track, softball, girls' tennis, and boys' volleyball.
# GIM mechanism

In particle physics, the Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani (GIM) mechanism is the mechanism through which flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) are suppressed in loop diagrams. It also explains why weak interactions that change strangeness by 2 (ΔS = 2 transitions) are suppressed, while those that change strangeness by 1 (ΔS = 1 transitions) are allowed, but only in charged current interactions. It is named after physicists Sheldon Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani.

## History

The mechanism was put forth in a famous paper by Glashow, Iliopoulos & Maiani (1970); at that time, only three quarks (up, down, and strange) were thought to exist. James Bjorken and Glashow [Bjorken & Glashow (1964)] had previously predicted a fourth quark, but there was little evidence for its existence. The GIM mechanism however, required the existence of a fourth quark, and the prediction of the charm quark is usually credited to Glashow, Iliopoulos, and Maiani (initials "G. I. M.").

## Description

The mechanism relies on the unitarity of the charged weak current flavor mixing matrix, which enters in the two vertices of a one-loop box diagram involving W boson exchanges. Even though Z$^0$ boson exchanges are flavor-neutral (i.e. prohibit FCNC), the box diagram induces FCNC, but at a very small level. The smallness is set by the mass-squared difference of the different virtual quarks exchanged in the box diagram, originally the u-c quarks, on the scale of the W mass.
The smallness of this quantity accounts for the suppressed induced FCNC, dictating a rare decay, $K_{L}\to \mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}$, illustrated in the figure. If that mass difference were ignorable, the minus sign between the two interfering box diagrams (itself a consequence of unitarity of the Cabibbo matrix) would lead to a complete cancellation, and thus a null effect.
# Organ Cave

Organ Cave is a large and historic cave in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, USA. The surrounding community takes its name from the cave.
In 1973, the Organ Cave System—also known as the Organ–Hedricks Cave System—was registered as a National Natural Landmark for being "the largest cave system in the State, containing many caves, one of which is Organ Cave. Noted also for its saltpeter troughs and vats." (It is now the third-longest known cave in the state, after the Friars Hole Cave System in the same county and the Hellhole System in Pendleton County.) Organ Cave has also been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2005.

## History

Significant fossil discoveries bear witness to the early natural history of Organ Cave: giant ground sloth, grizzly bear, nine-banded armadillo, sabre-tooth cat, reindeer and an Ice Age porcupine. Organ Cave's human history is attested by flint arrowheads used by early Native Americans. Evidence of early white settlers in the cave is suggested by the date "1704" scratched on a wall, but this may be a later addition since the first white settlers to Greenbrier County came only in the 1740s.
The cave was used since before 1835 as a source for nitre (saltpeter) for the manufacture of gunpowder. During the American Civil War, Confederate soldiers under the command of General Robert E. Lee again mined the cave for nitre. The cave today has the nation's largest collection of Civil War-era saltpeter hoppers. Studies have shown the cave dirt is high in calcium nitrate, which was turned into potassium nitrate using these hoppers.
Organ Cave was first surveyed by members of the National Speleological Society in July 1948. For many years it was considered the longest cave in the world. As of 11 March 2022, the Organ Cave System had 38.452 miles (61.882 km) of surveyed cave passage making it the 55th longest cave in the world, the 16th longest in the United States, and the 3rd longest in West Virginia.

## Jefferson's ground sloth

Formerly, a famous fossil discovery—that of Thomas Jefferson's giant ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii)—had been assumed to have come originally from Organ Cave. Jefferson never visited the area, but received the fossil from a local friend in 1796. In the early 20th century, a local man, Andrew Price of Marlinton, decided that the fossil had come from Organ Cave and popularized his theory. In 1995, however, Smithsonian paleontologist Frederick Grady proposed that Haynes Cave in nearby Monroe County was the true source. (His reasons had to do with historical land-ownership records.)
In 2008, the governor of West Virginia held a ceremony at Organ Cave to present the owner with a certificate stating that M. jeffersoni was the "Official West Virginia State Fossil" and repeated the assertion that it was indeed found in Organ Cave, but without producing any new evidence.
# Jinjuseong

Jinjuseong (Korean: 진주성; Hanja: 晋州城), was a walled city now in Jinju, South Korea. It was designated Historic Site of South Korea No. 118 on 21 January 1963.
Located on the Nam River and close to the port of Busan, Jinju has long been a key city for invasions from Japan. Originally the walls were built with mud, but they were rebuilt with stones in 1377, and collapsed two years later due to Japanese sea pirates, and thus in the 5th year of King Woo of the Goryeo Dynasty (1379). with the walls being completed in 1380.

## Other uses

It was used as a provincial office for South Gyeongsang Province beginning in 1895, during the Joseon period, and through the Korean Empire period. It was used as the provincial office for Keishōnan Province during the Japanese colonial period until 1925.

## Restoration

In 1969, a restoration project was started with Chokseongmun being completed in 1972, and the fortress repair completed in 1975. Private houses within the city walls were completely removed by the end of 1984, and in 1992, the outer wall was repaired.

## Gallery

* Jinju Castle Bukjangdae
* Chongtongs
* Hwacha-Shinkigeon Style
# Bombing of the Fusetsu no Gunzo and Institute of Northern Cultures

The Bombing of the Fusetsu no Gunzo and Institute of Northern Cultures (風雪の群像・北方文化研究施設爆破事件, Fūsetsu no Gunzō Hoppō Bunka Kenkyū Shisetsu Bakuha Jiken) was a terrorist bombing that occurred on 23 October 1972. It was undertaken by a group which would soon be known as the East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front, though this name was not decided on until later in the same year.

## Targets

The Fusetsu no Gunzo, literally the Wind and Snow Group, is a bronze monument produced by the Japanese sculptors Shin Hongo and Meiji Honda located in Tokiwa Park in Asahikawa, Hokkaido. It depicts four Japanese colonists surrounding an elderly Ainu and was a project marking the 80th anniversary of the city and the 100th anniversary of Hokkaido's formation. The Institute of Northern Cultures is the Ainu cultural research center of Hokkaido University.
The Institute of Northern Cultures is an institute of Hokkaido University concerned with the research of Ainu culture.
The East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front considered these two targets symbols of Japan's imperialistic aggression against the "Ainu Moshiri" or Ainu homeland and decided to blow them up. Masashi Daidoji in particular, the Hokkaido-born leading member of the plotters, had a special interest in the Japanese-Ainu conflict.
They set 23 October as the date of the bombing. This was the date on which Ainu chief Shakushain, who started Shakushain's Revolt, was murdered by the Matsumae Clan.

## Bombing

They split into two groups and arrived in Hokkaido on 23 October 1972. They each proceeded directly to their site and set the explosion for 11:30 PM. Both bombs exploded on time, and the Fusetsu no Gunzo was destroyed but the Institute of Northern Cultures escaped with relatively minor damage.
In 1977, the Fusetsu no Gunzo was restored, and it remains in place to the present day.
# Menzieshill

Menzieshill is a suburb and community council area in Dundee, Scotland. It is located in the west of the city, and is immediately north west of Blackness and the West End, west of Lochee, east of Gowrie Park and south of Charleston. Menzieshill is split into two parts: an eastern part of private housing, and a western part of council housing.
The name of the area derives from a farm that was situated on the ridge running westwards from Balgay Hill. The area became built up in the early 1960s to provide new housing for residents cleared from central areas of Dundee.
Menzieshill is home to Dundee's main water tower which serves the area.
Menzieshill was previously the location of Menzieshill High School, which opened in 1973 and closed in 2016. The school was located opposite the water tower. Ninewells hospital is also located to the immediate south of the area.

## Toponymy

Menzieshill is pronounced 'meengiss hill'. The original Scots spelling, Menȝieshill (cf. Menzies), containing the letter yogh, was later represented by the tailed z.

## People from Menzieshill

* Henry Jack FRSE (1917-1978) mathematician
# Unfriend (film)

Unfriend is a 2014 Philippine drama film directed by Joselito Altarejos. The film had its premiere in the Panorama section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Synopsis

On Christmas Day, David, 15, finds out that his boyfriend, Jonathan, 17, has taken another lover. The discovery leads him on the brink of depression making him think of ways to have him back at all cost. He has invited Jonathan to see him on this day for the last time. And through the frenzy of his preparations prior to meeting Jonathan, we will discover his traits and personality; the 'worlds' he lives in - virtual and real; and, we will witness how he prepares for his most unique shout-out that he will make not only on his Facebook wall, but, in his life.

## Cast

* Angelo Ilagan
* Boots Anson-Roa
* Sandino Martin
# Nemanja Tošić

Nemanja Tošić (Serbian Cyrillic: Немања Тошић; born 23 January 1997) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Deportivo de La Coruña, on loan from Swiss club FC Zürich. Mainly a left-back, he can also play as a centre-back.

## Club career

Born in Belgrade, Tošić was a product of Red Star Belgrade's academy, before being loaned out to Rakovica in the Serbian League in August 2015. In January of the following year, after 11 matches, he signed for Serbian First League side Sinđelić Beograd.
On 23 January 2018, Tošić left Sinđelić to join Mačva Šabac in the Serbian SuperLiga. He made his debut in the top tier on 17 February, starting in a 2–0 away loss to Čukarički.
On 14 July 2020, Tošić moved to Čukarički also in the top tier. He established himself as a regular starter for the side, helping them to reach the 2022–23 Serbian Cup final, where they lost to his former side Red Star, and also played in both the UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Conference League with the club.
On 24 June 2024, Tošić moved abroad for the first time in his career, signing a three-year contract with Swiss Super League side FC Zürich. He made his club debut on 20 July, starting in a 2–0 away win over Yverdon-Sport.
On 3 February 2025, Tošić was loaned to Spanish Segunda División side Deportivo de La Coruña until the end of the season, with a buyout clause.

## International career

In April 2015, Tošić played two friendlies for the Serbia national under-18 team.
# Tyler Booth

Tyler Booth (born December 15, 1996) is an American country music singer-songwriter, signed to a joint venture between Villa40 and Sony Music Nashville.

## Background

Born December 15, 1996, Booth was raised in Campton, Kentucky Wolfe County, Kentucky, which is in the Eastern part of the state. He grew up listening to Black Label Society, Five Finger Death Punch, Waylon Jennings Tiny Tim, Jessco White, and his father Jason's rock band Stitch Rivet, a regional rock band fronted by Booth's uncle Gene, twin brother of father Jason, who also managed the band. He attended Morehead State University and took courses in the traditional music program before leaving after his first year. Scott Miller an adjunct instructor in the traditional music program, became an early advocate for Booth's talents. Tyler signed a major record deal with Sony Music Nashville in early 2020.

## Career

By 2017, Booth's songwriting and singing was gaining attention, including from songwriter and producer Phil O'Donnell who invited Booth down to Nashville, where he had Booth sing on a number of songs he had written, while also composing additional material. Later that year, Booth self-titled six-song EP that featured the fan favorite Hank Crankin’ People.
Booth was featured on Brooks & Dunn's Reboot album from 2019, joining them on their hit "Lost and Found", and his touring commitments have intensified, including runs with Dwight Yoakam and Brantley Gilbert on his 'Kick It In The Ship Cruise':
Later in 2019, Booth released the singles "Long Comes a Girl" and "Where the Livin' Is" through Villa40/Sony Music Nashville.

## Discography
### Singles

* "Long Comes a Girl" (Sony Nashville, 2019)
* "Where the Livin' Is" (Sony Nashville, 2019)

### EPs

* Self-Titled (Independent, 2017)
* Grab the Reins (Sony Music Entertainment, 2021)
# Crauford Tait

Crauford Tait WS (8 April 1766 – 2 May 1832) was a 17th/18th century Scottish lawyer, improver and landowner and also a contemporary and friend of Robert Burns.

## Early life

Tait was born in Blairlogie in central Scotland on 8 April 1766. He was the son of John Tait, WS of Harviestoun, and his wife Charlotte Murdoch. His father was a lawyer in Edinburgh's New Town from its first construction around 1770.
His father purchased the Harvieston estate just east of Tillicoultry in 1780 and, in 1787, the house was twice visited by Robert Burns during which time he befriended Burns. During the summer visit they took a trip to the Cauldron Linn on the River Devon near Rumbling Bridge which trip Burns described as one of the best days of his life. His father had offices in an Edinburgh townhouse at 28 Queen Street and Crawford both trained and practiced there.

## Career

He inherited the Harvieston estate in 1800 on the death of his father. He retained a substantial townhouse at 2 Park Place in Edinburgh which enabled his children to be educated there.
In 1804, he employed John Paterson to rebuild Harviestoun in the Adam style. In 1805 he purchased Dollar Glen and Castle Campbell, from his wife's uncle, consolidating the castle and leaving it as a romantic ruin as was the fashion of the day (Castle Campbell was visible from Harvieston).
In 1810, he was responsible for organising the section of the new turnpike road between Dollar and Tillicoultry (linking Stirling to Kinross and now known as the A91). When the new road was created the old road (just north of the house) became redundant other than as an access to the house.

## Personal life

On 17 June 1795, Tait married Susan Campbell (1775–1814), daughter of Ilay Campbell, Lord Succoth, and Susan Mary Murray (a daughter of Archibald Murray of Murrayfield and sister of Alexander Murray, Lord Henderland). Together, they were the parents of ten children, including:
* John Tait (1796–1877), who married his first cousin, Mary Amelia Sitwell, daughter of Francis Sitwell, MP for Berwick-upon-Tweed (brother of Sir Sitwell Sitwell, 1st Baronet), and Ann Campbell (a daughter of Lord Succoth), in 1824.
* Susan Murray Tait (1798–1880), who married Sir George Sitwell, 2nd Baronet, only son of Sir Sitwell Sitwell, 1st Baronet and Alice Parke, in 1818.
* Charlotte Tait (1800–1888), who married, as his second wife, Sir Charles Wake, 10th Baronet, son of Sir William Wake, 9th Baronet and Mary Sitwell (sister of Sir Sitwell Sitwell, 1st Baronet), in 1822. Sir Charles' first wife was Mary Alice Sitwell (a daughter of Sir Sitwell Sitwell, 1st Baronet and Alice Parke).
* Archibald Campbell Tait (1811–1882), who became Archbishop of Canterbury; he married Catherine Spooner, daughter of Ven. William Spooner, in 1843.
Tait died on 2 May 1832 and was buried in the family burial enclosure: "Tait's Tomb" south-east of Harvieston House. Harvieston House was demolished in 1971 to avoid rates.

### Descendants

Through his son Archibald, he was a grandfather of Edith Murdoch Tait (1858–1936),w ho married Randall Davidson who (partly due to Tait's influence) was later also Archbishop of Canterbury.
# Donald O. Wright

Donald Orr Wright Sr. (November 18, 1892 – July 24, 1985) was a United States Republican politician from the state of Minnesota. He served in the state legislature for eight years and the Minnesota State Senate for 35 years. He was President pro Tempore of the 58th Legislative Session (1953-1954).
Wright attended the University of Minnesota and was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity.
Wright led the Senate's tax committee for many years and was instrumental in the state instituting its civil service system.
Following Ancher Nelsen's 1953 resignation as Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota, Wright assumed that office and held it for the remainder of one term, serving with Governor C. Elmer Anderson. Wright served in that role from September 1954 until January 1955; however during that period the Senate never met in session.
# Jean-Claude Hamel (pentathlete)

Jean-Claude Raymond Hamel (born 19 January 1931) is a French modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Glanrhyd Bridge collapse

On 19 October 1987, a train on the Heart of Wales line derailed and fell into the River Towy due to the partial collapse of the Glanrhyd Bridge near Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire. Four people died as a result of the tragedy; the driver and three of the passengers drowned.

## Description

The event took place early on Monday 19 October 1987. Several days prior, the Great Storm of 1987 occurred, causing widespread damage to infrastructure across Britain. On the Sunday afternoon, a driver who had been attending to engineering works in Llandrindod Wells reported flooding along the line. The responsible traffic manager, after investigation and some deliberation, decided to accompany the first train out on the Monday: the 05:27 from Swansea to Shrewsbury.
The 05:27, which consisted of a two-car Class 108 DMU, fell into the River Towy near Llandeilo at approximately 07:15. The accident was caused by the Glanrhyd Bridge being partially washed away by the swollen river. The train was moving at only 10 mph (16 km/h), which was the normal speed limit for this bridge.
Carwyn Davies, a nearby farmer (and amateur rugby player for Llanelli), had waited until 07:00 for daylight so he could investigate the flooding on his farm. He was 400 yards (370 m) from the bridge in a flooded field when he saw that a central section of the railway bridge was missing. He attempted to return to his house to telephone a warning, but had not reached there when he heard the train approaching and saw the first carriage "take off" from the bridge. Davies later helped rescuers to reach the bridge using his tractor.
Of the ten people on board the train, three passengers and three members of British Rail staff managed to escape but the driver and three passengers drowned. Staff on board included a Traffic Manager and an Engineer who were accompanying the train to inspect the route after reports of flooding and track damage had been received the previous day. The train left the tracks and fell into the swollen river at Glanrhyd Bridge, though the rear carriage remained partially on the rails and above water. While the passengers and staff were calmly making their way through to the rear carriage, the front carriage broke away and was swept downstream with the driver and three of the passengers (a married couple and a teenage schoolboy) still inside.
A result of the incident was that the procedures for checking railway bridges were tightened. There has been no railway collisions in Wales resulting in a passenger fatality since then until the 21 October 2024 collision near Talerddig

## Sources

* Report on the Collapse of Glanrhyd Bridge on 19th October 1987 (PDF). Department of Transport. 31 January 1990. ISBN 0-11-550961-5.
# Linus Lichtschlag

Linus Lichtschlag (born 4 September 1988, Berlin) is a German rower. He participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London where he competed in the Men's lightweight double sculls event together with his teammate Lars Hartig. They qualified for the A finals, where they reached a sixth place. The team had previously won gold at the 2010 European Championships in the same event.
# London Omnibus Traction Society

The London Omnibus Traction Society (LOTS) was formed in 1964 and is the largest society for bus enthusiasts in the United Kingdom, dedicated to buses in London and the Home Counties.
The Society produces two main publications:
* The London Bus (TLB) has facts, figures and news of the previous month, including route changes, operator news and rolling stock for London bus routes.
* London Bus Magazine (LBM) is produced quarterly and has articles, both current and historic, and an 'around and about' section showing pictures of current interest. The magazine is published by Ian Allan.
The society reports on the central area buses or 'red buses' and country area buses in the previous Green Line area, roughly bounded by Gravesend, Crawley, Guildford, Windsor, Aylesbury, Luton, Harlow and Tilbury.
Among many other publications are the Bus and Tram Fleetbook, which lists every bus and tram in the London and Home Counties area in public operation.
LOTS also has society meetings most months with speakers on different subjects.