OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maximilian Pirner

Maximilian Pirner (Czech: Maxmilián Pirner; 13 February 1854 – 2 April 1924) was a Czech painter. He was a member of the Vienna Secession, and associated with the Mánes Union of Fine Arts.

## Life and work

Pirner was born on 13 February 1854 in Sušice. He was enrolled from 1872 to 1874 at the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague and from 1875 to 1879 at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, where he studied with his countryman, Josef Matyáš Trenkwald. He remained in Vienna until 1887, although he was not an active participant in the local artistic community. At that time, he became a teacher at the Academy in Prague and was named a Professor there in 1896.
Pirner's usual themes were classical mythology (such as his Medusa (1891) and Hecate (or Hekate; 1901)) and the macabre (such as Sleepwalker (or Girl in Her Nightie Walks on the Window-Ledge; 1878), Daemon Love (1893), and Allegory of Death (1895)). Pirner completed a number of sketches of female figures, many of them nudes. He also did stained glass windows and medals.
Described by one critic as having achieved "mastery of the sinuous line". Pirner also had his detractors. One contemporary critic, while acknowledging Pirner's talent, considered him an "over-sophisticated mystic."
He died on 2 April 1924 in Prague.

## Selected works

* At the Heights (1883–84)
* Lovers (1885)
* Medusa
* Homo homini lupus (1901)
* The Stream (1903)
# Ajuji Waziri

Ajuji Waziri (died April 17, 2017) was a Nigerian politician and diplomat. He served as a senator during the Sixth National Assembly and later held the position of Nigeria's ambassador to Turkey.

## Career

Waziri was elected as a senator representing the Bauchi South East Senatorial District in 1983. He also served as Nigeria’s Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey from 2004 to 2007.

## Personal Life

Waziri was married to Farida Waziri.
# Descamisado

Descamisado (Spanish pronunciation:) is a Spanish word that literally means "without shirt" or "shirtless".

## History

The term was originally used by the narrator in Victor Hugo's seminal 1862 novel Les Misérables to refer to the revolutionary Spanish masses. Following the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo, the French (Bourbon) monarchy was restored to power. The Bourbons acted to prop up the Spanish monarchy against the popular forces of the Spanish social revolution in the Spanish War of 1823. Hugo's character is commenting on the use of the term by the supporters of the French Bourbons. The word was used pejoratively and in direct comparison to the derogative term applied to the French popular masses, the sans-culottes of the French bourgeoisie revolution of 1789.
In the 20th century, it was also used as an insult by the elite of Argentina to describe the followers of Juan Perón, who served as president of Argentina from 1946 until 1955, and then again briefly from 1973 to 1974. The term was later reclaimed as a term of pride, with Juan Perón and his wife Eva Perón affectionately referring to their followers as "descamisados". During his 1945 campaign for president, Juan Perón toured the country on a train that he named El Descamisado.
The first usage of the term in the history of Argentina dates back to the 19th century. Tomás de Iriarte described in his memories a time when he was walking with Carlos María de Alvear and found Manuel Dorrego with dirty and torn clothes. Iriarte wrote that "Excusado es decir que esto era estudiado para captarse la multitud, los descamisados." ("Needless to say, this was planned to captivate the multitude, the shirtless.") El Descamisado was also the name of an anarchist newspaper in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
By most accounts, the term has its modern origins on October 17, 1945, when thousands of supporters of Juan Perón gathered in front of the Casa Rosada making a demonstration to demand Perón's release from prison. While waiting for Perón on this hot day, many men in the crowd removed their shirts—hence the term "shirtless". However, there is much debate among scholars with regard to the origins of the label. Some claim that the word was coined to describe the working poor, the social class from which Perón drew the greatest amount of his political backing. The descamisados of Peronism have occasionally been compared to the sans-culottes of the French Revolution. This segment of the population was able to join the ranks of the middle class thanks to mass access to healthcare and education opportunities and the process of industrialisation that took place in Argentina during the first two terms of Juan Perón's presidency (1946-1955).
In 1989, Fernando Collor de Mello in his presidential campaign used descamisados and pés descalços ("shoeless") to refer to the poor people.
# Hans-Dieter Beutel

Hans-Dieter Beutel (born 12 June 1962) is a former professional tennis player from West Germany.

## Career

Beutel was a losing finalist in the 1980 Wimbledon boys' singles event, to Frenchman Thierry Tulasne.
In 1981, Beutel made the semi-finals of the Sofia Open.
He was the German National Champion in 1982, for both indoor and outdoor singles and in the outdoor doubles. Also that year he reached the quarter-finals in Linz and was a doubles runner-up in Cologne.
Beutel was a singles finalist at Cologne in 1983, beating Carlos Kirmayr, Shlomo Glickstein, Eric Jelen and Pavel Složil en route. He made the quarter-finals at Båstad the following year.
He won two Grand Slam matches during his career, both at the Australian Open. In the 1984 tournament, he defeated countryman Jelen in the opening round, before going down to Tarik Benhabiles in five sets. At the 1989 Australian Open he came from two sets down to overcome Laurent Prades in the first round. He was eliminated in the second round by 14th seed Jonas Svensson.
The West German appeared in five Davis Cup ties for his national team in the early 1980s, winning three of his eight rubbers, one in singles and two in doubles.

## Grand Prix career finals
### Singles: 1 (0–1)

| Result | W-L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Oct 1983 | Cologne, West Germany | Carpet | Matt Doyle | 6–1, 1–6, 2–6 |

### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

| Result | W-L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Oct 1982 | Cologne, West Germany | Hard | Christoph Zipf | José Luis Damiani Carlos Kirmayr | 2–6, 6–3, 5–7 |

## Challenger titles
### Singles: (2)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| 1. | 1983 | Dortmund, West Germany | Clay | Jérôme Vanier | 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 |
| 2. | 1988 | Fürth, West Germany | Clay | Richard Vogel | 1–6, 6–3, 6–4 |

### Doubles: (1)

| No. | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | 1984 | Neunkirchen, West Germany | Clay | Christoph Zipf | Ulf Fischer Eric Jelen | 7–6, 7–5 |
# Christina Singer

Christina Singer-Bath (born 27 July 1968) is a retired tennis player from Germany. She competed at Wimbledon several times from 1987 to 1999.

## WTA Tour finals
### Doubles; 1 (runner-up)

| Result | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | Oct 1993 | Essen, Germany | Hard | Wiltrud Probst | Arantxa Sánchez Vicario Helena Suková | 2–6, 2–6 |

## ITF finals
### Singles (5–1)

* Legend
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments
| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1. | 11 March 1985 | Stockholm, Sweden | Clay | Maria Lindström | 6–4, 7–5 |
| Win | 2. | 21 July 1986 | Stuttgart-Vaihingen, West Germany | Clay | Hana Fukárková | 1–6, 6–1, 6–3 |
| Win | 3. | 30 October 1989 | Pforzheim, West Germany | Hard | Petra Holubová | 6–2, 7–6 |
| Win | 4. | 22 October 1990 | Neumünster, West Germany | Clay | Andrea Müller | 6–4, 6–3 |
| Win | 5. | 6 May 1991 | Lee-on-the-Solent, United Kingdom | Clay | Anke Marchl | 5–7, 6–4, 6–3 |
| Loss | 6. | 7 December 1992 | Val-d'Oise, France | Hard | Nathalie Tauziat | 3–6, 3–6 |

### Doubles (3–1)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1. | 11 November 1985 | Queens, United Kingdom | Hard | Petra Tesarová | Claudia Porwik Wiltrud Probst | 5–7, 6–4, 6–3 |
| Loss | 2. | 7 July 1986 | Båstad, Sweden | Clay | Ellen Walliser | Maria Lindström Catarina Lindqvist | 3–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 3. | 22 October 1990 | Neumünster, West Germany | Clay | Anke Marchl | Åsa Carlsson Marie Linusson | 6–2, 7–5 |
| Win | 4. | 6 May 1991 | Lee-on-the-Solent, United Kingdom | Clay | Anke Marchl | Catherine Barclay Robyn Mawdsley | 4–6, 7–6$^{(3)}$, 6–1 |
# South Island saddleback

The South Island saddleback or tīeke (Philesturnus carunculatus) is a forest-dwelling passerine bird in the New Zealand wattlebird family which is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Both the North Island saddleback and this species were formerly considered conspecific. The Department of Conservation currently has the South Island saddleback listed as At Risk--Declining.

## Taxonomy

The South Island saddleback was first formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the starlings in the genus Sturnus and coined the binomial name Sturnus carunculatus. The specific epithet carunculatus is Latin for a small piece of flesh, hence wattles. Gmelin based his description on the "wattled stare" that had been described and illustrated in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham has examined a specimen in the collection of the Leverian Museum in London that had come from New Zealand. The word "stare" is an archaic word for a starling. The South Island saddleback is now placed with the North Island saddleback in the genus Philesturnus that was introduced in 1832 by the French zoologist Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.

## Distribution and habitat

During the early 19th century, South Island saddlebacks were widely distributed throughout the South and Stewart Islands. However, by the end of the century, the species was in decline and nearing extinction due to introduced predators. By 1905, the saddlebacks were confined to the South Cape Islands, off the coast of Stewart Island. In 1962, ship rats were introduced to Big South Cape Island, causing the extinction of the greater short-tailed bat, Stewart Island snipe and the Stead's bush wren.
In early 1964, 36 individuals on Big South Cape Island were translocated by the New Zealand Wildlife Service to pest-free islands. Big Island received 21 individuals, whilst Kaimohu Island received 15. Further translocations and predator removal allowed the population to recover, with the current population estimated to be around 2000.

## Behaviour and ecology
### Threats

The South Island saddleback is at risk of outbreaks of avian malaria and avian pox - two outbreaks in 2002 and 2007 resulted in high mortality rates among those infected. Saddlebacks are especially vulnerable as they have had limited exposure to avian malaria, due to the disease's relatively short history in New Zealand.

## Conservation

A threatened species recovery plan was established by the Department of Conservation in 1994, with the aims of maintaining wild populations, adopting quarantine procedures, and removing predators from islands potentially suitable for translocating members of the species.

## In Māori culture

In Māori mythology, the orange mark was caused by the demi-god Māui asked the tīeke to fetch him some water but the bird refused and pretended not to have heard him. Consequently, Māui grabbed the tīeke and scorched the feathers of its back, and have since become an important bird for Māori.
# 1974 Kenyan general election

General elections were held in Kenya on 14 October 1974. At the time, the country was a de facto one-party state with the Kenya African National Union being the sole party to participate in the election. 740 KANU candidates stood for the 158 National Assembly seats, with 88 incumbents (including four ministers) defeated. Voter turnout was 56.5%. Although the post of President of Kenya was due to be elected at the same time as the National Assembly, Jomo Kenyatta was the sole candidate and was automatically elected without a vote being held. Following the election, a further 12 members were appointed by Kenyatta.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Kenya African National Union | 2,627,308 | 100.00 | 158 | 0 |
| Appointed members | Appointed members | | | 12 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 2,627,308 | 100.00 | 170 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 4,654,465 | – | | |
| Source: Nohlen et al. ||||||
# Félix Lebuhotel

Félix Lebuhotel (21 July 1932 – 5 November 2008) was a French professional racing cyclist. He rode in three editions of the Tour de France.
# Moshe Levy (chemist)

Moshe Levy (Hebrew: משה לוי; 1927-2015) was an Israeli professor of chemistry at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel.

## Birth and education

Moshe Levy was born on December 8, 1927, in Thessaloniki, Greece. In 1933 his father, Eliyahu, decided to immigrate to Palestine, then under British occupation. He grew up in the southern part of Tel-Aviv and attended the Alliance Elementary School and the Balfour High School. After graduating from high school, he went to work as a laboratory assistant at the Zeiff Institute in Rehovot. There, with the help of Chaim Weizmann (later the first president of the State of Israel) he obtained a scholarship to attend the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Shortly after enrolling at the Hebrew University, he was called, as a member of the Haganah, to fight in the 1947–1949 Palestine war in Jerusalem, and only returned to the university in September 1949. He received a master's degree in Physical Chemistry in 1952. He finished his Ph.D. in 1955 after two years at the College of Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, SUNY-ESF, under the supervision of Michael Szwarc. He has been married to Joan Dvora Sugerman since 1955, and has two children, Sharona T. Levy and Alon Yitzchak Halevy, and has four grandchildren, Danielle and Itamar Menuhin, and Karina and Kasper Halevy. He lived in Rehovot, Israel.

## Academic career

As a post-doctoral fellow under Michael Szwarc, Moshe Levy was a member of the team who discovered "Living Polymers", which was a major breakthrough in the field of polymers science. The work was published as a one-page communication in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. Michael Szwarc received the Kyoto Prize for this work in 1987, acknowledging Moshe Levy for many of the breakthroughs leading to it. After a few years at the Technion and another year as a research fellow in Syracuse, he joined the Weizmann Institute of Science, in Rehovot, Israel. At the Weizmann Institute, he initially worked with Aharon Katzir, and later moved to the Plastics Research Department, which he headed from 1977 to 1983.
In 1982 he started working on solar energy. His work focused on creating a chemical reaction that enables storing the energy produced by the sun so it can be transported to a user site, and then (after the reverse reaction) be used upon request. With several colleagues, he built the solar tower at the Weizmann Institute that is a center for solar-energy research. In 1993 he became an emeritus professor, but has remained active in research and service, including serving as the president of the Israeli Polymer and Plastics Society in 1993–1995 and editor of the bulletin of the Israeli Chemical Society, Chemistry in Israel. Moshe Levy has also spent time as a visiting scientist in a number of institutions, including Xerox Research Center (Rochester, New York), DuPont Central Research Center (Wilmington, Delaware), the University of Florida at Gainesville, and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
# William Eliot, 4th Earl of St Germans

William Gordon Cornwallis Eliot, 4th Earl of St Germans (14 December 1829 – 19 March 1881), known as Lord Eliot from 1864 to 1877, was a British diplomat and Liberal politician. He was also a president of the Church of England Society for the Maintenance of the Faith.

## Life and career

Eliot was born at Port Eliot, Cornwall, the third but eldest surviving son of Edward Granville Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans, and his wife Jemima (née Cornwallis). He was educated at Eton College and then joined the Diplomatic Service. His assignments included:
* Attaché at Hanover from 1849 to 1853
* Attaché at Lisbon from 1851 to 1853
* 2nd Paid Attaché at Berlin from 1853 to 1857
* 1st Paid Attaché at Constantinople from 1857 to 1858
* 1st Paid Attaché at Saint Petersburg from 1858 to 1859
* Secretary of Legation at Rio de Janeiro in 1859
* Secretary of Legation at Athens from 1859 to 1861
* Secretary of Legation at Lisbon from 1860 to 1861
* Chargé d'Affaires at Rio de Janeiro from 1861 to 1863
* Acting Secretary of Legation at Washington, D.C. from 1863 to 1864
He resigned in 1865 and was elected Member of Parliament for Devonport in 1866, a seat he held until 1868. In 1870 he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Eliot. Lord St Germans died unmarried in March 1881, aged 51 and is buried, near his mother, at Kensal Green Cemetery. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry.
# Electrolyte exclusion effect

The electrolyte exclusion effect is the exclusion of electrolytes from the fraction of the total blood plasma volume that is occupied by solids. This phenomenon plays an important role in pseudohyponatremia, an error affecting measurements made by either flame photometry or indirect potentiometry but not by direct potentiometry.
The volume of total solids (primarily protein and lipid) in a plasma sample is approximately 7%, so that only 93% is water. The main electrolytes are confined to water phase. So for example in 10 μL plasma sample, only 9.3 μL is water that contains the electrolyte. Thus if the concentration of an electrolyte, say Na$^+$ is determined to be 140 mmol/L, it is the concentration in total plasma volume, not in plasma water volume.
This phenomenon produces only a slight difference as volume fraction of water in plasma is sufficiently constant. But, in patients with severe endogenous or exogenous hypertriglyceridemia and in patients with high plasma protein concentration (usually due to paraproteinemia), water portion of plasma is replaced with either lipid or protein causing falsely low electrolyte value (pseudohyponatremia). Conversely, in patients with low plasma protein concentration (a finding often seen in critical care), the water content of plasma is higher than normal, resulting in the reciprocal artifact, a falsely high electrolyte value (pseudohypernatremia).
# Trochomorphidae

Trochomorphidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). Since 2017, its classification has been revised and it now belongs to the superfamily Trochomorphoidea
This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

## Distribution

The distribution of Trochomorphidae includes eastern-Palearctic, India, south-eastern Asia, Australia and Polynesia.

## Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).

## Genera

Genera within the family Trochomorphidae include:
* Benthemia Forcart, 1964
* Brazieria Ancey, 1887
* Calostropha Ancey, 1887
* Coxia Ancey, 1887
* Dendrotrochus Pilsbry, 1894
* Entomostoma H. B. Baker, 1941
* Eurybasis Gude, 1913
* Foxidonta Clench, 1950
* Geodiscus Iredale, 1941
* Geotrochus van Hasselt, 1823
* Hogolua Baker, 1941
* Kondoa Baker, 1941
* Liravidena Solem, 1959
* Orpiella L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855
* Peleliua H. B. Baker, 1941
* Probrazieria H. B. Baker, 1941
* Tegumen Gude, 1913
* Theskelomensor Iredale, 1933
* Trochomorpha Albers, 1850 - type genus of the family Trochomorphidae
* Trochositala Schileyko, 2002
* Videna A. Adams 1858
* Videnoida Minato, 1988
* Vitrinoconus C. Semper, 1873

## Cladogram

The following cladogram shows the phylogenic relationships of this family to other families within the limacoid clade:
# Progress Chapter 166: Freedom Walks Again

The Progress Chapter 166: Freedom Walks Again was a professional wrestling event produced by Progress Wrestling. It took place on April 5, 2024, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the Penns Landing Caterers. The event was broadcast live on Triller TV and also featured wrestlers from Game Changer Wrestling (GCW).

## Production
### Storylines

The event included matches that each resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Results were predetermined by Progress' creative writers, while storylines were produced on Progress' events airing on the Demand PROGRESS streaming service.

### Event

The event started with a seven-way scramble match won by Kid Lykos and also involving Cody Chhun, Gringo Loco, Leon Slater, Marcus Mathers, Simon Miller and Tate Mayfairs. In the second bout, Yoshiki Inamura defeated Ricky Knight Jr. to win the Progress Wrestling Atlas Championship, ending the latter's reign at 404 days and 6 successful defenses which was the longest until its date. The third bout saw Allie Katch and Effy outmatching Gene Munny and Session Moth Martina in intergender tag team competition. Next up, Luke Jacobs defeated Spike Trivet in singles competition. The fifth bout saw Rhio defeating Lana Austin to secure the seventh consecutive defense of the Progress Wrestling World Women's Championship in that respective reign. In the sixth match, Big Damo and Axel Tischer defeated reigning champions Alexxis Falcon and Charles Crowley and the team of Sunshine Machine (Chuck Mambo and TK Cooper) to win the PROGRESS Tag Team Championship.
In the main event, Kid Lykos defeated Man Like DeReiss to secure the second consecutive defense of the PROGRESS World Championship in that respective reign.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1 | Kid Lykos II defeated Cody Chhun, Gringo Loco, Leon Slater, Marcus Mathers, Simon Miller and Tate Mayfairs | Seven-way scramble match | 9:21 |
| 2 | Yoshiki Inamura defeated Ricky Knight Jr. (c) | Singles match for the Progress Wrestling Atlas Championship | 13:34 |
| 3 | Bussy (Allie Katch and Effy) defeated Gene Munny and Session Moth Martina | Tag team match | 11:36 |
| 4 | Luke Jacobs defeated Spike Trivet | Singles match | 10:32 |
| 5 | Rhio (c) defeated Lana Austin | Singles match for the Progress Wrestling World Women's Championship | 13:53 |
| 6 | Sanity (Big Damo and Axel Tischer) defeated Cheeky Little Buggers (Alexxis Falcon and Charles Crowley) (c) and Sunshine Machine (Chuck Mambo and TK Cooper) | Three-way tag team match for the PROGRESS Tag Team Championship | 18:51 |
| 7 | Kid Lykos (c) defeated Man Like DeReiss (with Leon Slater) | Singles match for the PROGRESS World Championship | 17:11 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the match ||||
# Mian Mehar Ali

Mian Mehar Ali is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Kangan Assembly constituency as a Member of the Jammu & Kashmir National Conference party.