# AMD Instinct

AMD Instinct is AMD's brand of data center GPUs. It replaced AMD's FirePro S brand in 2016. Compared to the Radeon brand of mainstream consumer/gamer products, the Instinct product line is intended to accelerate deep learning, artificial neural network, and high-performance computing/GPGPU applications.
The AMD Instinct product line directly competes with Nvidia's Tesla and Intel's Xeon Phi and Data Center GPU lines of machine learning and GPGPU cards.
The brand was originally known as AMD Radeon Instinct, but AMD dropped the Radeon brand from the name before AMD Instinct MI100 was introduced in November 2020.
In June 2022, supercomputers based on AMD's Epyc CPUs and Instinct GPUs took the lead on the Green500 list of the most power-efficient supercomputers with over 50% lead over any other, and held the top first 4 spots. One of them, the AMD-based Frontier is since June 2022 and as of 2023 the fastest supercomputer in the world on the TOP500 list.

## Products

AMD Instinct GPU generations :
| Accelerator | Launch date | Architecture | Lithography | Compute Units | Memory | Memory | Memory | PCIe support | Form factor | Processing power | Processing power | Processing power | Processing power | Processing power | Processing power | Processing power | Processing power | TBP |
| Accelerator | Launch date | Architecture | Lithography | Compute Units | Size | Type | Bandwidth (GB/s) | PCIe support | Form factor | FP16 | BF16 | FP32 | FP32 matrix | FP64 performance | FP64 matrix | INT8 | INT4 | TBP |
| MI6 | 2016-12-12 | GCN 4 | 14 nm | 36 | 16 GB | GDDR5 | 224 | 3.0 | PCIe | 5.7 TFLOPS | N/A | 5.7 TFLOPS | N/A | 358 GFLOPS | N/A | N/A | N/A | 150 W |
| MI8 | 2016-12-12 | GCN 3 | 28 nm | 64 | 4 GB | HBM | 512 | 3.0 | PCIe | 8.2 TFLOPS | N/A | 8.2 TFLOPS | N/A | 512 GFLOPS | N/A | N/A | N/A | 175 W |
| MI25 | 2016-12-12 | GCN 5 | 14 nm | 64 | 16 GB | HBM2 | 484 | 3.0 | PCIe | 26.4 TFLOPS | N/A | 12.3 TFLOPS | N/A | 768 GFLOPS | N/A | N/A | N/A | 300 W |
| MI50 | 2018-11-06 | GCN 5 | 7 nm | 60 | 16 GB | HBM2 | 1024 | 4.0 | PCIe | 26.5 TFLOPS | N/A | 13.3 TFLOPS | N/A | 6.6 TFLOPS | N/A | 53 TOPS | N/A | 300 W |
| MI60 | 2018-11-06 | GCN 5 | 7 nm | 64 | 32 GB | HBM2 | 1024 | 4.0 | PCIe | 29.5 TFLOPS | N/A | 14.7 TFLOPS | N/A | 7.4 TFLOPS | N/A | 59 TOPS | N/A | 300 W |
| MI100 | 2020-11-16 | CDNA | 7 nm | 120 | 32 GB | HBM2 | 1200 | 4.0 | PCIe | 184.6 TFLOPS | 92.3 TFLOPS | 23.1 TFLOPS | 46.1 TFLOPS | 11.5 TFLOPS | N/A | 184.6 TOPS | N/A | 300 W |
| MI210 | 2022-03-22 | CDNA 2 | 6 nm | 104 | 64 GB | HBM2E | 1600 | 4.0 | PCIe | 181 TFLOPS | 181 TFLOPS | 22.6 TFLOPS | 45.3 TFLOPS | 22.6 TFLOPS | 45.3 TFLOPS | 181 TOPS | 181 TOPS | 300 W |
| MI250 | 2021-11-08 | CDNA 2 | 6 nm | 208 | 128 GB | HBM2E | 3200 | 4.0 | OAM | 362.1 TFLOPS | 362.1 TFLOPS | 45.3 TFLOPS | 90.5 TFLOPS | 45.3 TFLOPS | 90.5 TFLOPS | 362.1 TOPS | 362.1 TOPS | 560 W |
| MI250X | 2021-11-08 | CDNA 2 | 6 nm | 220 | 128 GB | HBM2E | 3200 | 4.0 | OAM | 383 TFLOPS | 383 TFLOPS | 47.92 TFLOPS | 95.7 TFLOPS | 47.9 TFLOPS | 95.7 TFLOPS | 383 TOPS | 383 TOPS | 560 W |
| MI300A | 2023-12-06 | CDNA 3 | 6 & 5 nm | 228 | 128 GB | HBM3 | 5300 | 5.0 | APU SH5 socket | 980.6 TFLOPS 1961.2 TFLOPS (with Sparsity) | 980.6 TFLOPS 1961.2 TFLOPS (with Sparsity) | 122.6 TFLOPS | 122.6 TFLOPS | 61.3 TFLOPS | 122.6 TFLOPS | 1961.2 TOPS 3922.3 TOPS (with Sparsity) | N/A | 550 W 760 W (with liquid cooling) |
| MI300X | 2023-12-06 | CDNA 3 | 6 & 5 nm | 304 | 192 GB | HBM3 | 5300 | 5.0 | OAM | 1307.4 TFLOPS 2614.9 TFLOPS (with Sparsity) | 1307.4 TFLOPS 2614.9 TFLOPS (with Sparsity) | 163.4 TFLOPS | 163.4 TFLOPS | 81.7 TFLOPS | 163.4 TFLOPS | 2614.9 TOPS 5229.8 TOPS (with Sparsity) | N/A | 750 W |
| MI325X | 2024-10-10 | CDNA 3 | 6 & 5 nm | 304 | 256 GB | HBM3E | 6000 | 5.0 | OAM | 1307.4 TFLOPS 2614.9 TFLOPS (with Sparsity) | 1307.4 TFLOPS 2614.9 TFLOPS (with Sparsity) | 163.4 TFLOPS | 163.4 TFLOPS | 81.7 TFLOPS | 163.4 TFLOPS | 2614.9 TOPS 5229.8 TOPS (with Sparsity) | N/A | 750 W |
The three initial Radeon Instinct products were announced on December 12, 2016, and released on June 20, 2017, with each based on a different architecture.

### MI6

The MI6 is a passively cooled, Polaris 10 based card with 16 GB of GDDR5 memory and with a <150 W TDP. At 5.7 TFLOPS (FP16 and FP32), the MI6 is expected to be used primarily for inference, rather than neural network training. The MI6 has a peak double precision (FP64) compute performance of 358 GFLOPS.

### MI8

The MI8 is a Fiji based card, analogous to the R9 Nano, has a <175W TDP. The MI8 has 4 GB of High Bandwidth Memory. At 8.2 TFLOPS (FP16 and FP32), the MI8 is marked toward inference. The MI8 has a peak (FP64) double precision compute performance 512 GFLOPS.

### MI25

The MI25 is a Vega based card, utilizing HBM2 memory. The MI25 performance is expected to be 12.3 TFLOPS using FP32 numbers. In contrast to the MI6 and MI8, the MI25 is able to increase performance when using lower precision numbers, and accordingly is expected to reach 24.6 TFLOPS when using FP16 numbers. The MI25 is rated at <300W TDP with passive cooling. The MI25 also provides 768 GFLOPS peak double precision (FP64) at 1/16th rate.

### MI300 series

The MI300A and MI300X are data center accelerators that use the CDNA 3 architecture, which is optimized for high-performance computing (HPC) and generative artificial intelligence (AI) workloads. The CDNA 3 architecture features a scalable chiplet design that leverages TSMC’s advanced packaging technologies, such as CoWoS (chip-on-wafer-on-substrate) and InFO (integrated fan-out), to combine multiple chiplets on a single interposer. The chiplets are interconnected by AMD’s Infinity Fabric, which enables high-speed and low-latency data transfer between the chiplets and the host system.
The MI300A is an accelerated processing unit (APU) that integrates 24 Zen 4 CPU cores with four CDNA 3 GPU cores, resulting in a total of 228 CUs in the GPU section, and 128 GB of HBM3 memory. The Zen 4 CPU cores are based on the 5 nm process node and support the x86-64 instruction set, as well as AVX-512 and BFloat16 extensions. The Zen 4 CPU cores can run general-purpose applications and provide host-side computation for the GPU cores. The MI300A has a peak performance of 61.3 TFLOPS of FP64 (122.6 TFLOPS FP64 matrix) and 980.6 TFLOPS of FP16 (1961.2 TFLOPS with sparsity), as well as 5.3 TB/s of memory bandwidth. The MI300A supports PCIe 5.0 and CXL 2.0 interfaces, which allow it to communicate with other devices and accelerators in a heterogeneous system.
The MI300X is a dedicated generative AI accelerator that replaces the CPU cores with additional GPU cores and HBM memory, resulting in a total of 304 CUs (64 cores per CU) and 192 GB of HBM3 memory. The MI300X is designed to accelerate generative AI applications, such as natural language processing, computer vision, and deep learning. The MI300X has a peak performance of 653.7 TFLOPS of TP32 (1307.4 TFLOPS with sparsity) and 1307.4 TFLOPS of FP16 (2614.9 TFLOPS with sparsity), as well as 5.3 TB/s of memory bandwidth. The MI300X also supports PCIe 5.0 and CXL 2.0 interfaces, as well as AMD’s ROCm software stack, which provides a unified programming model and tools for developing and deploying generative AI applications on AMD hardware.

## Software
### ROCm

Following software is, as of 2022, regrouped under the Radeon Open Compute meta-project.

#### MxGPU

The MI6, MI8, and MI25 products all support AMD's MxGPU virtualization technology, enabling sharing of GPU resources across multiple users.

#### MIOpen

MIOpen is AMD's deep learning library to enable GPU acceleration of deep learning. Much of this extends the GPUOpen's Boltzmann Initiative software. This is intended to compete with the deep learning portions of Nvidia's CUDA library. It supports the deep learning frameworks: Theano, Caffe, TensorFlow, MXNet, Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit, Torch, and Chainer. Programming is supported in OpenCL and Python, in addition to supporting the compilation of CUDA through AMD's Heterogeneous-compute Interface for Portability and Heterogeneous Compute Compiler.

## Chipset table

| Model (Code name) | Launch | Architecture & fab | Transistors & die size | Core | Core | Fillrate | Fillrate | Processing power (TFLOPS) | Processing power (TFLOPS) | Processing power (TFLOPS) | Memory | Memory | Memory | Memory | TBP | Bus interface |
| Model (Code name) | Launch | Architecture & fab | Transistors & die size | Config | Clock (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Half | Single | Double | Size (GB) | Bus type & width | Bandwidth (GB/s) | Clock (MT/s) | TBP | Bus interface |
| Radeon Instinct MI6 (Polaris 10) | Jun 20, 2017 | GCN 4 GloFo 14LP | 5.7×10$^9$ 232 mm$^2$ | 2304:144:32 36 CU | 1120 1233 | 161.3 177.6 | 35.84 39.46 | 5.161 5.682 | 5.161 5.682 | 0.323 0.355 | 16 | GDDR5 256-bit | 224 | 7000 | 150 W | PCIe 3.0 ×16 |
| Radeon Instinct MI8 (Fiji) | Jun 20, 2017 | GCN 3 TSMC 28 nm | 8.9×10$^9$ 596 mm$^2$ | 4096:256:64 64 CU | 1000 | 256.0 | 64.00 | 8.192 | 8.192 | 0.512 | 4 | HBM 4096-bit | 512 | 1000 | 175 W | PCIe 3.0 ×16 |
| Radeon Instinct MI25 (Vega 10) | Jun 20, 2017 | GCN 5 GloFo 14LP | 12.5×10$^9$ 510 mm$^2$ | 4096:256:64 64 CU | 1400 1500 | 358.4 384.0 | 89.60 96.00 | 22.94 24.58 | 11.47 12.29 | 0.717 0.768 | 16 | HBM2 2048-bit | 484 | 1890 | 300 W | PCIe 3.0 ×16 |
| Radeon Instinct MI50 (Vega 20) | Nov 18, 2018 | GCN 5 TSMC N7 | 13.2×10$^9$ 331 mm$^2$ | 3840:240:64 60 CU | 1450 1725 | 348.0 414.0 | 92.80 110.4 | 22.27 26.50 | 11.14 13.25 | 5.568 6.624 | 16 32 | HBM2 4096-bit | 1024 | 2000 | 300 W | PCIe 4.0 ×16 |
| Radeon Instinct MI60 (Vega 20) | Nov 18, 2018 | GCN 5 TSMC N7 | 13.2×10$^9$ 331 mm$^2$ | 4096:256:64 64 CU | 1500 1800 | 384.0 460.8 | 96.00 115.2 | 24.58 29.49 | 12.29 14.75 | 6.144 7.373 | 32 | HBM2 4096-bit | 1024 | 2000 | 300 W | PCIe 4.0 ×16 |
| AMD Instinct MI100 (Arcturus) | Nov 16, 2020 | CDNA TSMC N7 | 25.6×10$^9$ 750 mm$^2$ | 7680:480:- 120 CU | 1000 1502 | 480.0 721.0 | — | 122.9 184.6 | 15.36 23.07 | 7.680 11.54 | 32 | HBM2 4096-bit | 1228.8 | 2400 | 300 W | PCIe 4.0 ×16 |
| AMD Instinct MI210 (Aldebaran) | Mar 22, 2022 | CDNA 2 TSMC N6 | 28 x 10$^9$ ~770 mm$^2$ | 6656:416:- 104 CU (1 × GCD) | 1000 1700 | 416.0 707.2 | — | 106.5 181.0 | 13.31 22.63 | 13.31 22.63 | 64 | HBM2E 4096-bit | 1638.4 | 3200 | 300 W | PCIe 4.0 ×16 |
| AMD Instinct MI250 (Aldebaran) | Nov 8, 2021 | CDNA 2 TSMC N6 | 58 x 10$^9$ 1540 mm$^2$ | 13312:832:- 208 CU (2 × GCD) | 1000 1700 | 832.0 1414 | — | 213.0 362.1 | 26.62 45.26 | 26.62 45.26 | 2 × 64 | HBM2E 2 × 4096-bit | 2 × 1638.4 | 3200 | 500 W 560 W (Peak) | PCIe 4.0 ×16 |
| AMD Instinct MI250X (Aldebaran) | Nov 8, 2021 | CDNA 2 TSMC N6 | 58 x 10$^9$ 1540 mm$^2$ | 14080:880:- 220 CU (2 × GCD) | 1000 1700 | 880.0 1496 | — | 225.3 383.0 | 28.16 47.87 | 28.16 47.87 | 2 × 64 | HBM2E 2 × 4096-bit | 2 × 1638.4 | 3200 | 500 W 560 W (Peak) | PCIe 4.0 ×16 |
| AMD Instinct MI300A (Antares) | Dec 6, 2023 | CDNA 3 TSMC N5 & N6 | 146 x 10$^9$ 1017 mm$^2$ | 14592:912:- 228 CU (6 × XCD) (24 AMD Zen 4 x86 CPU cores) | 2100 | 912.0 1550.4 | — | 980.6 1961.2 (With Sparsity) | 122.6 | 61.3 122.6 (FP64 Matrix) | 128 | HBM3 8192-bit | 5300 | 5200 | 550 W 760 W (Liquid Cooling) | PCIe 5.0 ×16 |
| AMD Instinct MI300X (Aqua Vanjaram) | Dec 6, 2023 | CDNA 3 TSMC N5 & N6 | 153 x 10$^9$ 1017 mm$^2$ | 19456:1216:- 304 CU (8 × XCD) | 2100 | 1216.0 2062.1 | — | 1307.4 2614.9 (With Sparsity) | 163.4 | 81.7 163.4 (FP64 Matrix) | 192 | HBM3 8192-bit | 5300 | 5200 | 750 W | PCIe 5.0 ×16 |
* v
* t
* e
* 1 2 3 Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
* ↑ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of texture mapping units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
* ↑ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of render output units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
* ↑ Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
* ↑ Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units and Compute units (CU)
* ↑ GCD Refers to a Graphics Compute Die. Each GCD is a different piece of silicon.
* ↑ CDNA 2.0 Based cards adopt a design using two dies on the same package.They are linked with 400GB/s Bidirectional Infinity Fabric link, The dies are addressed as individual GPUs by the host system.