OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Volga pikeperch

The Volga pikeperch, or Volga zander (Sander volgensis), is a species of fish in the perch family Percidae. It is found in Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine.

## Description

The Volga pikeperch is considerably smaller than the zander or common pike-perch (Sander lucioperca). It grows to a maximum length of 40 cm (16 in), weighing 2 kg (4.4 lb). It differs from Sander lucioperca by not having large "vampire" like canine teeth, also the colour is more silvery-grey than green, with much more distinguishable dark stripes on the side. Its second dorsal fin has nineteen to twenty-one branched soft rays and the number of scales along the lateral line is seventy to eighty-three.

## Distribution and habitat

The Volga pikeperch is found in the northern Black Sea basin from the Danube, as far upstream as Vienna, to the Kuban River drainages. It is also present in the Caspian Sea basin in the Volga River and Ural River drainages. It inhabits large, turbid rivers and lakes, as well as brackish estuaries and may make short migrations to breed.

## Biology

The Volga pikeperch is most active at dusk and dawn when it feeds on small fish and invertebrates. Males become mature by the age of three or four and females a year later, at a minimum length of 20 cm (8 in). Breeding takes place during April and May in shallow water with a sandy or gravelly bottom. The male scrapes a shallow depression in the substrate or among the roots of vegetation in which the female deposits one of two or three small batches of eggs. The larvae and juvenile fish are pelagic and feed on zooplankton.

## Taxonomy

The Volga pikeperch was first formally described as Perca volgensis in 1789 by the German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist, and malacologist Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804) with the type locality given as the Volga River and the Ural River in Russia. The Volga pikeperch is part of the European clade within the genus Sander which split from a common ancestor with the North American clade, which the walleye (S. vitreus) and the sauger (S. canadensis) belong to, around 20.8 million years ago. Within the European clade the Volga pikeperch (S. volgaensis) is the most basal taxon and shares features with the North American clade, such as being a broadcast spawner. In contrast in the zander (S. lucioperca) and the estuarine perch (S. marinus) the males build nests and the female spawn into these nests and the males then guard the eggs and fry. The lineage leading to the zander is thought to have diverged from the common ancestor with the Volga pikeperch circa 13.8 million years ago.

## Status

The IUCN has listed the Volga pikeperch as being of "Least Concern". It has a wide range, and although the population trend is unknown, no particular threats have been identified.
# Mitch Gibbs

Mitch Gibbs (April 13, 1963) is a retired American Dirt Modified racing driver, credited with 179 career wins at 15 tracks in the Mid-Atlantic (United States).

## Racing career

Mitch Gibbs began his racing career in 1980 in a street stock at Brookfield Speedway in New York. The next year he took over his father's late model, and then moved to the modified class in 1983, winning the 320-track championship the next year at Fonda Speedway NY. Gibbs claimed additional track championships at Afton Speedway, Five Mile Point Speedway in Kirkwood, Fulton Speedway, Thunder Mountain Speedway in Center Lisle, and Utica-Rome Speedway, all in New York.
Other venues where Gibbs competed successfully include Brewerton Speedway NY, Canandaigua Speedway NY, Hagerstown Speedway MD, Orange County Fair Speedway NY, Penn Can Speedway in Susquehanna PA, Rolling Wheels Raceway NY, the Syracuse Mile NY, and the Weedsport Speedway NY.
Mitch Gibbs was inducted into the New York State Stock Car Association Hall of Fame in 2024.
# Arnaud Art

Arnaud Art (born 28 January 1993) is a Belgian athlete who specialises in the pole vault. He competed at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing without qualifying for the final. His personal bests in the event are 5.72 metres outdoors (Liege 2018) and 5.61 metres indoors (Rennes 2016).

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Belgium |||||
| 2009 | European Youth Olympic Festival | Tampere, Finland | 1st | 4.85 m |
| 2010 | Youth Olympic Games | Singapore | 6th | 4.85 m |
| 2011 | European Junior Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 8th | 5.10 m |
| 2012 | World Junior Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 10th (q) | 5.15 m |
| 2014 | European Championships | Zurich, Switzerland | 16th (q) | 5.30 m |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 7th | 5.30 m |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 31st (q) | 5.40 m |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 11th | 5.30 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 9th (q) | 5.60 m$^1$ |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 9th | 5.65 m |
$^1$No mark in the final
# Qilong station (Chengdu Metro)

Qilong (Chinese: 骑龙) is a station on Line 5 of the Chengdu Metro in China. It was opened on 27 December 2019.
# Indian Creek (Neosho River tributary)

Indian Creek is a stream in Allen County, Kansas, and Anderson County, Kansas, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Neosho River.
Indian Creek was so named due to an early settler finding a fresh Native American grave on its banks.
# Hangar (disambiguation)

A hangar is a structure built to house aircraft.
"Hangar" may also refer to:

## Structures
### In general

* Airship hangar, a hangar for lighter-than-air aircraft
* Bellman hangar, a type of temporary hangar designed in 1936
* Bessonneau hangar, a type of temporary hangar designed in 1908
* Blister hangar, a type of portable hangar designed in 1939
* Tee hangar, a type of hangar used primarily for general aviation aircraft
* Underground hangar, a type of hangar used for military aircraft

### Specific structures
#### In use as aviation hangars

* The Hangar Flight Museum, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; at the Calgary International Airport; a museum storing aircraft
* Hangar One (Los Angeles, California), a hangar at Los Angeles International Airport
* Hangar-7, a building in Salzburg, Austria that houses a collection of historical aircraft
* Ispahani Hangar, a hangar used by Pakistan International Airlines at Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan
* Lower Souris National Wildlife Refuge Airplane Hangar, a hangar at the J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota
* Riverside Hangar, hangars at St. Paul Downtown Airport in St. Paul, Minnesota

#### No longer aviation hangars

* Hangar AE, a NASA facility at the Kennedy Space Center
* Hangar H, a building on Magretheholm in Copenhagen, Denmark
* Hangar No. 1, Lakehurst Naval Air Station, a former airship hangar best known as the site of the Hindenburg disaster
* Hangar One (Mountain View, California), a former airship hangar and one of the world's largest freestanding structures
* Hangar Theatre, a theatre in Ithaca, New York
* Hangar 9, Brooks City-Base, a hangar in San Antonio, Texas, the oldest U.S. Air Force hangar
* King Airfield Hangar, a historic hangar in Taunton, Massachusetts
* Weeksville Dirigible Hangar, a former airship hangar in Elizabeth City, North Carolina

#### Other facilities and structures

* The Hangar, Melbourne, Australia, a sports facility for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League
* Hangar (Lancaster, California), a minor-league baseball stadium
* Hangares metro station, a metro station in Mexico City, Mexico
* Station Les Hangars (Tram de Bordeaux), a metro station in Bordeaux, France

## Places

* Hangar, Iran
* Hangar-e Pain, Iran
* Le Hangar (Îlots des Apôtres), Crozet Islands, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, France; an islet

## Media

* INXS: Live at Barker Hangar, an album by INXS
* Hangar 17, a children's show from the early 1990s
* Hangar 18 (band), a hip hop group
* Hangar 18 (film), a 1980 science fiction film
* "Hangar 18" (song), a song by Megadeth
* Who's Landing in My Hangar?, an album by Human Switchboard

## Other

* The American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas, known by some fans as "The Hangar".
* Hangar One Vodka, a vodka from Alameda, California
* Hangar rash, a term for minor aircraft damage due to mishandling on the ground
* Hangar 8, a private-jet management company
* Hangar 9, a line of radio-controlled model aircraft
* Ava Hangar, Italian drag queen
# Hira Schools & Colleges

Hira Schools in Pakistan are a Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan-sponsored Islamic school system that operates more than 215 schools and 10 colleges across Pakistan. It is a universal education project run by the Hira National Education Foundation, a non-governmental, non-profit and non-sectarian organization working in the field of education since 1997.
The project is sponsored by Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. The system has branches in all four Pakistani provinces, including Kashmir, FATA and Gilgit-Baltistan. The system offers education ranging from preschool to secondary level in addition to a program of preparatory courses towards the completion of a Secondary School Certificate. Hira Schools maintain low tuition fees to allow low-income students to enroll.

## History

Tanzeem-e-Asatiza Pakistan (Teachers Association of Pakistan), a teacher wing of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, introduced the Hira educational project in the late 1990s.

## Enrollment

It operates 215 schools and 10 colleges across the country. The system employs 2,045 male and 1,415 female teachers who provide instruction to the 32,000 male and 28,700 female students.

## Organizational structure

The Hira Educational Foundation organizes all the branches, develops curriculum, conducts faculty training and inspects schools.

## Curriculum

The curriculum is provided by the Association For Academic Quality (AFAQ) and includes AFAQ's Sun Series and AFAQ's Iqbal Series of textbooks.
# Manfred I of Turin

Manfred I or Maginfred (died c. 1000) was the second Arduinici marquis of Susa from 977 until his death.
Manfred was the eldest son of Arduin Glaber, from whom he inherited the county of Auriate and the vast March of Susa. The march extended from the Susa Valley by the Alps south across the Po to the Ligurian Sea. Although he ruled for almost twenty-five years, there is little evidence of his activities in surviving sources. Under him, Pavia became a mercantile city. He also controlled the road between Genoa and Marseilles.
Manfred married Prangarda, daughter of Adalbert Atto of Canossa, probably after 962. With Prangarda Manfred had several children, including:
* Ulric Manfred
* Alric
* Otto
* Atto
* Hugo
* Wido
Gundulph, father of St Anselm, may have been one of his sons or grandsons.
# San Grato Vescovo, Ivrea

San Grato Vescovo is a Roman Catholic church located in Ivrea, Italy.

## History

The church was built in the 18th century in the Borghetto district of Ivrea, outside the city walls, and is dedicated Gratus of Aosta, the second bishop of Aosta.

## Description

The church is located in the Borghetto district of Ivrea, Piedmont, overlooking the waters of the Dora Baltea river near the Ponte Vecchio. Situated south of the river, it faces northeast. The neoclassical facade is characterized by Ionic pilasters and is divided into two sections. The lower section features the entrance portal, which opens onto Via Guido Gozzano, while the upper section contains a large rose window with stained glass that illuminates the interior. The facade is crowned by a large broken pediment. The bell tower rises in a recessed position to the right, with its belfry featuring four single-lancet windows and topped by a curved, square-based pyramid roof. The apse of the church overlooks the right bank of the Dora Baltea.
# Justin Kaye

Justin Malcolm Kaye (born June 9, 1976) is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball who played one season for the Seattle Mariners (2002).

## Early life

Kaye began playing baseball at the suggestion of a family friend upon moving from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida to Las Vegas, Nevada at twelve years old. Even so, he chose to play football instead of baseball as a freshman at Bishop Gorman High School. He began play high school baseball as a sophomore and threw a one-hitter that year against Green Valley High School. He signed with the Seattle Mariners after being selected in the 19th round of the 1995 Major League Baseball draft.

## Professional career

Kaye was assigned to the Arizona League Mariners to begin his professional career in 1995 and spent his first two seasons entirely in the Arizona League. In 1997, the Mariners attempted to convert him to a starting pitcher with the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers and he struggled badly enough that he considered retirement. Kaye progressed through the minor league ranks over the following seasons and was invited to Major League spring training for the first time in 2001. He ultimately made his Major League debut on May 9, 2002, pitching a scoreless inning in relief of Shigetoshi Hasegawa at Safeco Field. He would appear in two more games that season, pitching a total of three innings and surrendering four earned runs. The Mariners demoted him to Triple-A Tacoma on May 24, 2002 and ultimately designated him for assignment in September 2002.
On November 21, 2002, Kaye signed with the Boston Red Sox and was invited to Major League spring training. From 2003 to 2005, Kaye played in the farm systems of the Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, San Diego Padres, New York Yankees and Pittsburgh Pirates. His final professional season came in 2005 with the Altoona Curve.
# Politics and Vision

Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought is a work of political theory by Princeton Emeritus Professor Sheldon S. Wolin. Part One, consisting of ten chapters and first published in 1960, distinguishes political philosophy from philosophy in general and traces political philosophy from its Platonic origins to modern day. Part Two, consisting of seven chapters and published (along with Part One) in a 2004 expanded edition, traces the development of political thought from Marx, Nietzsche, and others up to the late 20th century. Wolin left Part One unaltered in the expanded edition, confining the expressions of his changes in thought about political theory to those sections of Part Two that overlap with Part One.
One sign of the significance of the work is the large number of graduate students and professors who for three decades used it as a primary source of guidance in the field of political theory. In revising the work, Wolin cites three major changes in political theory and politics between 1960 and 2004: (1) the aftermath of Fascism's fall in Europe and Communism's fall generally, with an intervening constant "semi-mobilization" by liberal democracies, (2) an increase in the rights of citizens against the tendencies of regimentation by the state (e.g. anti-discrimination laws), and (3) an increase in the ability of nations to "control, punish, survey, direct, and influence citizens." Wolin states that the first change necessitated the latter two changes, leading to an "inverted totalitarianism" where increased rights exist alongside a less participatory citizenry under more pervasive governmental control.
Wolin states that an inquiry is a process, a tool to find truths. Philosophy is distinguished from other forms of inquiry in that "philosophy claims to deal with truths publicly arrived at and publicly demonstrable." Contrasted with this are revealed truths dealing with sacred rites, religion, and private findings of conscience or feelings. Political philosophy hews close to this characteristic of philosophy as a whole, with the public ("demos") at times in history demanding that laws be publicly demonstrated and accessible, even if their origin was supposedly revealed truth. For Wolin, it is the nature of politics that common concerns are brought before the political process, because the political is best equipped both to confront those concerns and to do so in a public, demonstrable, and thus philosophical manner.
The discernment of what within philosophy exactly is political and what is not is confused by two factors: (1) the line can be blurred due to the interaction of political factors with other influences and (2) the language used to describe political ideas is often used in other contexts, and vocabulary from other areas is often applied to the political.
# October 2000 Madrid bombing

On 30 October 2000, the separatist Basque organization ETA detonated a large car bomb on Badajoz Avenue in Madrid, Spain. The blast killed three people; a Spanish Supreme Court judge, Francisco Querol Lombardero, his driver, and his bodyguard. One of the injured, a bus driver, died from his injuries days later. Sixty-four people were wounded. It was the deadliest attack since the ETA called off its ceasefire in December 1999 and one of numerous attacks in Madrid.
# James Cygan

James "Jim" Cygan is an American former figure skater. He is the 1982 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medalist, 1986 Golden Spin of Zagreb bronze medalist, and 1989 Winter Universiade silver medalist. He belonged to the Broadmoor Skating Club in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Beginning in the 1980–81 season, Cygan was coached by Carlo Fassi. He won the national junior men's title at the 1982 U.S. Championships, two years after becoming the U.S. novice champion. He placed 5th at the 1982 World Junior Championships in Oberstdorf, West Germany.
Cygan studied medicine at Northwestern University.

## Competitive highlights

International :
| Event | 79–80 | 81–82 | 82–83 | 83–84 | 84–85 | 85–86 | 86–87 | 87–88 | 88–89 |
| Golden Spin | | | | | | | 3rd | | |
| Nebelhorn | | | 3rd | | | | | | |
| Prague Skate | | | | | 4th | | | 5th | |
| Skate Canada | | | | | | | | | 7th |
| Universiade | | | | | | | | | 2nd |
| International: Junior ||||||||||
| Junior Worlds | | 5th | | | | | | | |
| National ||||||||||
| U.S. Champ. | 1st N | 1st J | 10th | 13th | 11th | 6th | 9th | 7th | 7th |
| Levels: N = Novice; J = Junior ||||||||||
# Al-Otrush Mosque

Al-Otrush Mosque (Arabic: جَامِع الْأُطْرُوش, romanized: Jāmiʿ al-ʾUṭrūš) also known as Demirdash Mosque, is a mosque in the Syrian city of Aleppo, located at the south of the Citadel, in "al-A'jam" district of the Ancient City, few meters away from Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa. It was built at the end of the 14th century by the efforts of the Mamluk ruler of Aleppo; Aqbogha al-Otrush. However, the mosque was completed by his successor Demirdash al-Nasiri.
The mosque is famous for its decorated façade and its entrance which is topped with traditional oriental motifs and Islamic muqarnas. The minaret of the mosque located to the left of the main entrance, has a round octangular shape.
The mosque was renovated in 1922.

## Gallery

* Al-Atroush Mosque front
* Al-Atroush detail of facade
* Al-Atroush detail of facade and minaret
* Al-Atroush entrance and minaret
* AAl-Atroush detail of entrance
* Al-Atroush detail of facade
* Mosque from north
# Mystic Rose

Mystic Rose or The Mystic Rose may refer to:

## Religion

* Miracle of the roses, a miracle in which roses manifest an activity of God or a saint
** Rosa Mystica, a title of Mary, mother of Jesus
*** Rosa Mystica apparition, an alleged apparition of Mary to Pierina Gilli
*** Instituto María Rosa Mystica, Sacerdotes Carismáticos Misioneros (Institute of Mary Mystical Rose – Charismatic Missionary Priests), an Argentine Independent Catholic association
* Mystic Rose, a meditative therapy developed by Rajneesh
* Mystic Rose, a former outer order of the magical organization Stella Matutina

## Literature

* The Mystic Rose, an 1885 poetry collection by Stanislas de Guaita
* The Mystic Rose: A Study of Primitive Marriage, a 1902 book by Ernest Crawley
* The Mystic Rose, a 2001 novel by Stephen R. Lawhead
* The Mystic Rose Garden, a 14th-century poetry collection by Mahmoud Shabestari

## Other uses

* Complete graph, also known as a mystic rose, a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge
* Caroline Schermerhorn Astor (1830–1908), nicknamed the "Mystic Rose", American socialite
# Indian Creek (Tennessee River tributary)

Indian Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is a tributary to the Tennessee River.
Indian Creek was named for the Indians of the area.
# Portalia

Portalia mira is an extinct species of uncertain placement, described by American paleontologist Charles Walcott from a fossil discovered in the Burgess Shale and initially interpreted as a holothurian echinoderm by Walcott, but this interpretation has been disputed.

## Taxonomy

The taxonomy of this species remains unresolved. It was initially posited by Walcott that P. mira was a holothurian, but this was disputed by Frizzell and Exline (1955) and Madsen (1957), the latter of whom believed P. mira to be a kind of primitive sponge. J. Wyatt Durham wrote in 1974 that he felt that P. mira should not be rejected as a holothurian without further study.

## Description

When examining the fossil holotype, the main body of P. mira is relatively long and contains a central strand that could represent the alimentary canal. Elongated structures resembling tentacles arise along the length of the body and at one end there is an indistinct area that possibly included the head.
# Jackie Payne

Jackie Payne (born September 26, 1945) is an American blues singer. He was nominated in both 2007 and 2008 for the Blues Music Award for Best Male Soul Blues Artist; an album he recorded with Johnny Otis was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1993. He is the nephew of the blues harmonica player Neal Pattman.

## Biography
### Early career

Payne was born in Athens, Georgia, United States. His original birth name was William, and he was known as Willie during childhood. He trained as a singer in his father's gospel choir and learned the blues from his uncle, Neal Pattman, who played harmonica. By the age of 13, he was singing professionally with the Allen Swing Band in Atlanta. He later joined an R&B group called The Serenaders. He moved to Houston, Texas in 1963, at the age of 17, and recorded his first regional hit, "Go Go Train" b/w "I'll Be Home" on the Jetstream label in 1965. The success of that single led to a 45-city tour with the Stax revue, which at the time featured headliners like Otis Redding (to whom Payne's voice has sometimes been compared), Sam & Dave, Rufus Thomas, and Carla Thomas. His career was checked when he entered the United States Army in 1968. He then settled in Culver City, California, performing at The Cover Girl Club with Pee Wee Crayton.

### The Johnny Otis years

Payne was the lead singer for the Johnny Otis Show for fifteen years. He recorded several albums with Otis's band and appeared for many years on the Johnny Otis Saturday morning live radio show broadcast on KPFA-FM. Spirit of the Black Territory Bands, recorded by The Johnny Otis Orchestra, featured Payne on vocals and was nominated for a 1993 Grammy Award. Payne's 1998 CD, A Day In the Life of a Blues Man, was produced by Kenny Blue Ray for the British JSP Records label.

### The Jackie Payne Steve Edmonson Band

Payne and blues guitarist Steve Edmonson, formed the Jackie Payne Steve Edmonson Band in the late 1990s. The band, which was based in the San Francisco Bay Area, has recorded three albums, Partners in the Blues on the Burnside Records label, Master of the Game and Overnight Sensation on the Delta Groove label. The band won the Contemporary Blues Award for Best Soul Blues Album of 2006 for the Master of the Game.