OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Principality of Mingrelia

The Principality of Mingrelia (Georgian: სამეგრელოს სამთავრო, romanized: samegrelos samtavro), also known as Odishi and as Samegrelo, was a historical state in Georgia ruled by the Dadiani dynasty.

## History

The principality emerged out of a non-aggression pact and an ensuing treaty signed by Konstantine II of Kartli, Alexandre of Kakhetia, and Qvarqvare II, atabag of Samtshke, which divided Georgia into three kingdoms and a number of principalities. Mingrelia was established as an independent Principality in 1557 with Levan I Dadiani serving as a hereditary mtavari (Prince). It remained independent until it became a subject to Imperial Russia in 1803. This came after it signed a patronage treaty with the Russian Empire, which was concluded in return for Russian protection against the harassment of Mingrelia's more powerful neighbors, Imeretia and Abkhazia. The principality ultimately came to an end when Prince Niko I Dadiani was deposed, and the principality abolished, by Russia in 1867. Prince Niko officially renounced his rights to the throne in 1868 and the state became a Russian district until 1917.

## Demographics

The population of the principality of Mingrelia in 1865 :
| Districts | Population | Population | Total |
| Districts | Male | Female | Total |
| Lechkhumi | 14,236 | 10,916 | 25,152 |
| Senaki | 47,143 | 37,698 | 84,841 |
| Zugdidi | 38,735 | 32,064 | 70,799 |
| Total | 100,114 | 80,678 | 180,792 |
# Michael (footballer, born February 1996)

Michael Santos Silva Alves (born February 16, 1996) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Atlético de Alagoinhas.

## Career

In 2018 Michael joined J2 League club FC Gifu. He made his debut on 4 August in a match against Tochigi and scored two goals in 12 matches for two years.
# Sagtikos Manor

Sagtikos Manor is a historic home located in West Bay Shore, Suffolk County, New York. It is a long, eclectic structure which has been extensively enlarged by additions and alterations during its long and active life as a residence. The original section was built around 1697 and is a 1+1⁄2-story, timber-framed structure with a gable roof. Additions occurred through the early 20th century. Also on the property is a carriage house, caretaker's cottage, buttery, potting shed, formal gardens, and Thompson-Gardiner family cemetery.
The property was first patented to Stephanus Van Cortlandt (1643–1700), who built the original house. During the 18th through 20th centuries, it was owned by the prominent Thompson and Gardiner families. The manor functioned for a time during the American Revolution as local headquarters for British forces under General Sir Henry Clinton. In 1790, George Washington recorded in his diary an overnight stop at "Squire Thompson's" during his tour of Long Island. It is operated by The Sagtikos Manor Historical Society and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Robert David Lion Gardiner inherited the property in 1930 and allowed the newly created Sagtikos Manor Historical Society to use the property in 1964.
In 2012 the Historical Society sued the Robert David Lion Gardiner Foundation. They argued that Gardiner had intended that part of his estate should go to support the maintenance of the property. However, since his will did not specifically name the Society, the courts ruled the Society did not have standing, could not even request an audit of the Foundation's finances. The Society had been looking for $65,000 per year.
# Takashi Matsuo (actor, born 1960)

Takashi Matsuo (松尾貴史, Matsuo Takashi) (May 11, 1960 - ) is a Japanese tarento, narrator, disc jockey, actor, and columnist from Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture. His pet name, as well as his former stage name, is Kitsch (キッチュ, Kicchu). He is currently attached to Furutachi-Project. He is a graduate of the Osaka University of Arts's graphic design course, and is the chairman of the theatrical unit AGAPE store. He is also an associate professor in the Kyoto University of Art & Design.

## Media
### Film

* Always: Sunset on Third Street (xxxx) (Real estate agent)
* Gamera: Guardian of the Universe (xxxx) (Taxi driver)
* Godzilla: Final Wars (xxxx) (Television debate panelist)
* Juvenile (2000)
* Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack (2001) (Cameo appearance)
* Nihon Igai Zenbu Chinbotsu (2006) (Forecaster)
* Nihon Chinbotsu (2006) (Councillor)
* It's a Flickering Life (2021)
* Between the White Key and the Black Key (2023) (Kumano)
* Teki Cometh (2025)
* Sunset Sunrise (2025)
* Strangers in Kyoto (2025), Tatsuo Shibusawa

### Television

* Baribari Value (xxxx) (Narrator)
* Kinniku Banzuke (xxxx) (Narrator)
* Tamori Club (xxxx) (MC)
* Waratte Iitomo (1989–1990)
* Asayan (1999–2001) (Narrator)
* Furuhata Ninzaburō (1996)
* Yoshitsune (2005) (Ōe no Hiromoto)
* Naotora: The Lady Warlord (2017) (Iseya)
* Invisible (2022) (Kunio Onozuka) (ep. 1)
# Frederick Marsden

Frederick Marsden (1819 – 20 March 1870) was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class cricket matches for Victoria.
# Wildek

Wildek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szydłowo, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Szydłowo, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Piła, and 93 km (58 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# Elżbieta Hałas

Elżbieta Hałas (born 1954) is a Polish sociologist and a professor at the University of Warsaw. She specializes in the sociology of culture.
Hałas is the director of the Cultural Department in the University of Warsaw's Institute of Sociology. From 1981 to 2003, she lectured at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, where she received her doctorate in 1986.

## Selected publications

A fuller list of Hałas's publications may be found on her Google Scholar page. Some notable ones include:
* Społeczny kontekst znaczeń w teorii symbolicznego interakcjonizmu (in Czech). Red. Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego. 1987. ISBN 978-83-228-0084-3.
* Hałas, Elżbieta (2013). "The Past in the Present. Lessons on Semiotics of History from George H. Mead and Boris A. Uspensky". Symbolic Interaction. 36 (1): 60–77. doi:10.1002/symb.47. ISSN 0195-6086. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
* Znaczenia i wartości społeczne. O socjologii Floriana Znanieckiego, Lublin (1991), Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
* Konwersja. Perspektywa socjologiczna, Lublin (1992) Norbertinum, wydanie nowe (2007)
* Obywatelska socjologia szkoły chicagowskiej, Lublin (1994), Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego
* Symbole w interakcji, Warszawa (2001), Oficyna Naukowa
* Interakcjonizm symboliczny. Społeczny kontekst znaczeń Wydanie nowe, Warszawa (2006), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN
* Symbole i społeczeństwo. Szkice z socjologii interpretacyjnej, Warszawa (2007), Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
* Towards the World Culture Society. Florian Znaniecki's Culturalism, Frankfurt Am Main (2010), Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
# East Deep Creek (Deep Creek, Tooele County, Utah)

East Deep Creek is a stream tributary to Deep Creek in Tooele County, Utah.
East Deep Creek has its source at its confluence with Fifteenmile Creek and an unnamed stream, at 39°53′14″N 113°59′54″W﻿ / ﻿39.88722°N 113.99833°W﻿ / 39.88722; -113.99833 at an elevation of 6,025 feet / 1,836 meters, 0.75 miles north of Goshute. From there it flows north northeast to its confluence with
West Deep Creek to form Deep Creek, 0.6 miles southwest of Ibapah, at an elevation of 5,282 feet / 1,610 meters.
# Siamesed cylinders

Siamesed cylinders are engine cylinders arranged in such a way that they have no channels between them to allow water or other coolant to circulate.
Cylinders are generally arranged in this manner when the engine block is of limited size or when stability of the cylinder bores is of concern, such as in racing engines. The advantage is that the engine block will be reduced in size, or the bore can be increased in size. The disadvantage is a higher temperature between two cylinders, requiring a stronger engine block to avoid distortion of the metal, and better gasket sealing between the two bores.

## Examples

Engines with siamesed cylinders:
* Chevrolet Stovebolt engine
* Chevrolet small-block engine (first- and second-generation)#4.125 in bore family (1970–1980)
* Oldsmobile 403 small-block V8 (1977-1979)
* Ford Godzilla engine
* Ford Racing versions of the Ford (Windsor) small block engine
* Honda B engine
* Mazda E engine
* Honda K engine
* Toyota A engine (including both performance engines like the 4age and small economy engines like the 3A, 4A)
# Frederick Nicholl

Frederick Iltid Nicholl (8 July 1814 – 25 February 1893) was an English lawyer and a cricketer who played cricket for Cambridge University in a match in 1835 that has subsequently been judged to have been first-class. He was born and died in London.
Nicholl was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. Nicholl's record as a cricketer is sketchy. He opened the innings for Cambridge University in a single match against Marylebone Cricket Club in July 1835, failed to score in either innings and is not recorded as bowling; nor, indeed, is there any record of him playing in any further matches, even minor games.
Nicholl graduated from Cambridge University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1836 and became a solicitor in London, practising from an address near the Royal Courts of Justice in The Strand.
# Luke Pearce (footballer)

Luke Edward Andrew Pearce (born 8 June 2004) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for EFL Championship club Cardiff City.

## Club career

He began his career at Walsall before moving to Southampton, and signed his first professional contract with the club in July 2021. Pearce scored 30 goals from 71 games for their youth teams including six in nine in Premier League 2 during the 2023–24 season. He spent time on loan at Eastbourne Borough, Torquay United, Weston-Super-Mare and Dover Athletic. Pearce was released from Southampton at the end of the 2023–24 season.
On 4 July 2024, he joined Cardiff City. Pearce joined Sligo Rovers on loan in the League of Ireland on 16 July until the end of the season. On 9 January 2025, Pearce made his debut for Cardiff in a 1–0 away victory against Sheffield United in the FA Cup.

## International career

He represented the Republic of Ireland at youth level.

## Personal life

His mother’s side of the family is from Sligo.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 9 January 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Southampton | 2022–23 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Southampton | 2023–24 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Southampton | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Eastbourne Borough (loan) | 2022–23 | National League South | 17 | 6 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 17 | 6 |
| Torquay United (loan) | 2023–24 | National League South | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Weston-super-Mare (loan) | 2023–24 | National League South | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Dover Athletic (loan) | 2023–24 | National League South | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiff City | 2024–25 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Sligo Rovers (loan) | 2024 | League of Ireland Premier Division | 11 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 13 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 38 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 42 | 9 |
* ↑ Appearances in FA Trophy
# Viktoriia Kozlovska

Viktoriia Vitaliivna Kozlovska (Ukrainian: Вікторія Віталіївна Козловська, born 12 April 2001 in Kryvyi Rih) is a Ukrainian female acrobatic gymnast.

## Career

Viktoriia debuted her career in 2017, when she finished 3rd in the pair all-around at the All-Ukrainian tournament named after Valerii Iakovlev.
The following years, she competed at the 2019 Acrobatic Gymnastics European Championships (junior level) with her partner Valeriia Kobets, winning a silver medal in the pairs dynamic event.
In 2021, Viktoriia with her partner Taisiia Marchenko won a gold medal at the World Cup stage in Sofia. They also competed at the World Championships, held in Geneva, in the pair all-around event, finishing 6th in finals and 1st in qualifications.
At the 2021 Acrobatic Gymnastics European Championships Viktoriia and Taisiia won a gold medal in the pairs dynamic event and a bronze medal in the pairs all-around one.
In 2022, the duo won a gold medal in the pairs all-around event at the World Games in Birmingham.
# Failure (Sevendust song)

Failure is a song by American rock band Sevendust from their fifth studio album Next. It was released as a single in 2006.

## Song meaning

While everyone might think that the song's a downer, it's far from it. It actually conveys an enlightening message and encourages fans to look at the brighter side of life. "The message in it is really positive," explains guitarist Sonny Mayo. "It's about living life thinking you're gonna be a failure, and basing your whole existence on what other people or what another person told you about yourself, and finally coming out and realizing that it's all about inner strength and it doesn't matter what other people think about you. You could shed all the shame and all the guilt that you ever felt about things you did or things you didn't do, and you could truly find the positivity even if you always thought you were going to be a failure."

## Chart Position

The song peaked #28 in the Mainstream Rock Chart Billboard 200.

### Singles

Billboard (North America)
| Year | Chart | Position |
| 2006 | Mainstream Rock Tracks | 28 |
# Achille Gagliardi

Achille Gagliardi (1537–1607) was a Jesuit ascetic writer and spiritual director in the Ignatian tradition.

## Life

Gagliardi was born at Padua, Italy. After a brilliant career at the University of Padua he entered the Society of Jesus in 1559 with two brothers younger than himself. He taught philosophy at the Roman College, theology at Padua and Milan, and successfully directed several houses of his order in Northern Italy. He displayed indefatigable zeal in preaching, giving retreats and directing congregations, and was held in great esteem as a theologian and spiritual guide by the Archbishop of Milan, Charles Borromeo, whom he accompanied on his pastoral visitations, and at whose request he published his popular handbook of religion, Catechismo della fede cattolica (Milan, 1584).
In 1584 he was appointed spiritual director to the mystic Isabella Berinzaga. In this capacity, he asked her to provide sketches of her spiritual autobiography. These circulated in manuscript for some time and eventually formed the basis for the Breve compendio intorno alla perfezione cristiana (Brescia, 1611). This was translated into five languages, with the English translation Abridgement of Christian Perfection (1626) by Mary Percy.
In the 1590s, the relationship between Berinzaga and her confessor came under negative scrutiny, in large part due to his dissemination of Isabella's claim to have received divine intimations concerning the reform of the Society of Jesus as becoming too invested in education at the expense of direct evangelization. Claudio Acquaviva, attempting to reduce Gagliardi's influence, excluded him from the General Congregation of the Society held in Rome in the winter of 1593–1594, and ordered him to leave Milan. Gagliardi, however, received political support from Juan Fernández de Velasco, Spanish governor of Milan, and was able to have the order temporarily revoked. Ultimately, however, he was forced to leave Milan.
After an investigation by Robert Bellarmine, Gagliardi and Berinzaga were censured, and avoided being referred to the Roman Inquisition by accepting the censure. Gagliardi attributed all the offending views to Berinzaga.
Gagliardi died at Modena on 6 July 1607.

## Writings

His commentary on the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius Loyola remained in manuscript until published as Commentarii in Exercitia spiritualia S.P. Ignatii de Loyala (Bruges, 1882). This explains very lucidly Loyola's suggestions for distinguishing between the good and evil external influences or internal motives which inspire or control human conduct.
# Okinawicius tekdi

Okinawicius tekdi is a species of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was described in 2024 by Tripathi & Kulkarni from Pune city in Maharashtra state of India.

## Etymology

The specific epithet is a noun apposition, derived from the Marathi word 'tekdi' that translates to 'hill' in English, as a tribute to the geographical origin of the specimen and to highlight the need for conservation of flora and fauna of the unique urban hills of Pune city and similar habitats of tropical countries.
# Portillo, Chile

Portillo is a ski resort in South America, located in the Andes mountains of Chile. In the Valparaíso Region, it is 61 km (38 mi) from Los Andes, the nearest city, and 160 km (100 mi) by vehicle from Santiago. Its hotel sits at an elevation of 2,880 m (9,450 ft) above sea level, and the highest lift reaches 3,310 m (10,860 ft). The lowest lift loads at 2,548 m (8,360 ft), yielding a vertical drop of 762 m (2,500 ft). Ski Portillo has 35 named runs and 14 lifts. It is owned and operated by the Purcell family who have a chain of hotels in Chile, most noticeably the Tierra Hotels including Tierra Atacama in San Pedro de Atacama.
Plans to build the ski area were drawn up in the 1930s. Construction began in 1942 and the ski area was opened in 1949. Several of the ski lifts on the west side of the valley were destroyed by avalanches in 1965 and were rebuilt in time for Portillo to host the Alpine World Ski Championships in August 1966. Those championships marked the emergence of Jean-Claude Killy, who won gold medals in the downhill and combined events. Portillo has since become one of the principal destinations for ski racers to train during the northern hemisphere summer and hosts the national ski teams of Austria, Italy, and the United States.
The summit of the mountain (Ojos de Agua) climbs to 4,222 m (13,852 ft). Nearby peaks include Los Tres Hermanos at 4,751 m (15,587 ft) and La Paraya at 4,831 m (15,850 ft). Aconcagua, the highest peak in the western and southern hemispheres, is nearby at 6,961 m (22,838 ft), which exceeds any peak in Europe, Africa, and North America; only the Himalayas, Karakoram, Pamir and Tien Shan in Asia are higher.

## Location

Portillo lies close to the border between Chile and Argentina at Paso Los Libertadores.

## Season

The ski season at Portillo typically runs from mid-June to early-October, conditions permitting.
# Pecka

Pecka is a market town in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants. The historic town centre with the castle ruin is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

## Administrative division

Pecka consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Pecka (811)
* Arnoštov (17)
* Bělá u Pecky (188)
* Bukovina u Pecky (47)
* Horní Javoří (28)
* Kal (61)
* Staňkov (46)
* Vidonice (73)

## Geography

Pecka is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Jičín and 33 km (21 mi) northwest of Hradec Králové. It lies in the Giant Mountains Foothills. The highest point is the hill Červený vrch at 541 m (1,775 ft) above sea level. The Javorka River flows next to the market town.

## History

The Pecka Castle was founded in the early 13th century. The first written mention of Pecka is from 1322, when a settlement started to grow below the castle. In 1382, it was promoted to a town. In the late 16th century, the Gothic castle was rebuilt to a Renaissance residence. The most famous owner of the castle was Kryštof Harant until his death in 1621. In 1830, the castle was burned down and turned into a ruin.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 3,511 | — |
| 1880 | 3,180 | −9.4% |
| 1890 | 3,090 | −2.8% |
| 1900 | 3,015 | −2.4% |
| 1910 | 3,195 | +6.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,763 | −13.5% |
| 1930 | 2,520 | −8.8% |
| 1950 | 1,882 | −25.3% |
| 1961 | 1,812 | −3.7% |
| 1970 | 1,572 | −13.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,485 | −5.5% |
| 1991 | 1,316 | −11.4% |
| 2001 | 1,283 | −2.5% |
| 2011 | 1,279 | −0.3% |
| 2021 | 1,271 | −0.6% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The Pecka Castle is open to the public and contains several expositions.
The Church of Saint Bartholomew was built by the Carthusians in 1751–1753, when it replaced an old stone church from 1603.
# Wadi Annuar

Mohammad Wadi Annuar bin Ayub (Jawi: محمد وادي انوار; better known as Ustaz Wadi Annuar is a Malaysian Islamic preacher and educator. Born on September 20, 1983, in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia, he is known for his sermons and dedicaton to Islamic education.

## Early life and education

Ustaz Wadi Annuar began his education at Sekolah Rendah Al-Islah and later attended Maktab Mahmud Alor Setar. He pursued higher studies at the Al Falah Islamic Institute in Damascus, Syria, where he specialized in Shariah and Arabic Language.

## Career

Ustaz Wadi is the founder of 'Akademi Darul Ilmi, and the CEO of Dakwah Global Sdn. Bhd.
# Prodigal Son (Sevendust song)

Prodigal Son is the first single by American rock band Sevendust from their seventh studio album Chapter VII: Hope and Sorrow and was written by vocalist Lajon Witherspoon and drummer Morgan Rose. The song premiered on Active and Mainstream Rock radio on February 10, 2008.

## Music video

The song music video was directed by Jason Sciavicco and Tim Walbert for Horizon Entertainment and was edited by Bob Rose and made one month after the song was released. In the video the band performs at a church in front of clergyman and it was the first music video that Clint Lowery appeared on this.

## Chart position

The song reached #19 in Mainstream Rock Charts Billboard 200.

### Singles

Billboard (North America)
| Year | Chart | Position |
| 2008 | Mainstream Rock Tracks | 19 |
# Winnogóra

Winnogóra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wronki, within Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Wronki, 26 km (16 mi) north-west of Szamotuły, and 57 km (35 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.