# Hořice

Hořice (Czech pronunciation:; German: Horschitz) is a town in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 8,600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Hořice consists of seven municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Hořice (7,576)
* Březovice (92)
* Chlum (124)
* Chvalina (63)
* Doubrava (56)
* Libonice (274)
* Svatogothardská Lhota (0)

## Etymology

The name is probably derived from the personal name Hora, meaning "the village of Hora's people", but it could be also derived from the old Czech diminutive form of hora (i.e. 'mountain').

## Geography

Hořice is located about 21 kilometres (13 mi) southeast of Jičín and 21 km (13 mi) northwest of Hradec Králové. It lies on the border between a hilly landscape of the Jičín Uplands in the north, and a flat landscape of the East Elbe Table in the south. The highest point is at 440 m (1,440 ft) above sea level.

## History

The first written mention of Hořice is from 1143 in the foundation deed of the Strahov Monastery. It was founded on a hill later named Gothard, which was named after the Church of Saint Gotthard founded here in the 12th century. In the 13th century, the settlement was moved to strategically more advantageous place below the hill. In 1365, it was first documented as a market town.
In 1423, Gothard hill was the site of a battle of the Hussite Wars. During the rule of the Smiřický noble family from the mid-16th century to the early 17th century, the town developed rapidly.
In 1846, the town square was damaged by a large fire, which destroyed most of the wooden houses. The wooden buildings were replaced by stone houses, which initiated stone quarrying in many local quarries. This has led to economic development and Hořice turned into a real town. Several factories were established, especially by Jewish entrepreneurs, and sandstone quarrying also developed. In 1882, the railway was built and connected the town with Hradec Králové and Jičín.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 6,710 | — |
| 1880 | 7,028 | +4.7% |
| 1890 | 7,894 | +12.3% |
| 1900 | 8,814 | +11.7% |
| 1910 | 9,897 | +12.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 9,787 | −1.1% |
| 1930 | 9,421 | −3.7% |
| 1950 | 7,700 | −18.3% |
| 1961 | 7,754 | +0.7% |
| 1970 | 8,090 | +4.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 9,251 | +14.4% |
| 1991 | 9,282 | +0.3% |
| 2001 | 9,091 | −2.1% |
| 2011 | 8,783 | −3.4% |
| 2021 | 8,185 | −6.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Economy

The town is known for its production of Hořické trubičky ("Hořice Rolls"), which is a traditional confectionery. The production started here in 1812. The manufactory is a protected geographical indication by the European Union.

## Transport

The I/35 road (the section from Hradec Králové to Jičín, part of the European route E442) passes next to the town.
Hořice is located on the railway line Hradec Králové–Turnov.

## Sights

Among the most valuable buildings is the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. It was built in the Baroque style by plans of Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer in 1738–1748. The Hořice Castle was created in the Baroque style in the mid-18th century by reconstruction of a Gothic fortress from 14th–15th century.
On the Gothard hill, there is the Church of Saint Gotthard. The original Romanesque cemetery church was rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1783. On the hill there are also remains of an old fortress with the first-ever Czech sculpture of Jan Žižka, former Jewish cemetery, and a sculpture park.

## Notable people

* Iacob Felix (1832–1905), Jewish doctor
* Fritz Mauthner (1849–1923), Jewish writer and philosopher
* Bohumir Kryl (1875–1961), Czech-American cornetist, bandleader and art collector
* Karel Vik (1883–1964), painter
* Irene Kirpal (1886–1977), politician
* Josef Matoušek (1906–1939), historian
* Stanislav Fišer (1931–2022), actor and voice actor
* Jaroslava Jehličková (born 1942), athlete

## Twin towns – sister cities

Hořice is twinned with:
* Jabłonka, Poland
* Kerepes, Hungary
* Strzegom, Poland
* Trstená, Slovakia