OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Shridhar Bapat

Shridhar Bapat (born 1948) was an Indian video artist and key figure in the New York City's downtown video art scene in the 1970s. Bapat's artworks were screened at the MoMA PS1, Whitney Museum of American Art, The Kitchen, and the Mudd Club. He a was an early organizer of video programs at The Kitchen and the Avant-Garde Festivals of New York. He took over as the Director of The Kitchen, an influential experimental artist center in Manhattan, in 1973.

## Early life and education

Shridhar Bapat was born in India in 1948. Since his parents were high-ranking Indian diplomats, his family moved to Japan, and then to the United States. Bapat spent most of his childhood in suburban Westchester, New York.
Bapat attended university in Geneva and London, but was expelled from the London School of Economics (LSE) after the 1968 student uprisings. It was in New York City where he started his career as an artist. Bapat learned the basics of video at a class taught by Global Village, one of the first video collectives in the city.

## Video Art

Shridhar Bapat's artwork largely involves video and feedback. Bapat's installations would have cameras pointed towards each other, and the viewers would see themselves in self-reflexive self-monitoring loops. He once boasted about being “the best feedback camera turner” in New York.
His piece, Aleph Null (1971) and other video works were exhibited in MoMA PS1, The Kitchen, and the Whitney Museum of Art.
He was described by his peers, including Shirley Clarke, Nam June Paik, Steina and Woody Vasulka, as a brilliant artist. His early video pieces mainly exist as unseen copies in Northwestern University's Special Collections. Bapat's video feedback fantasia Aleph Null (12 min, 1971) was exhibited in MOMA PS1, 2013.
He was well known as a program director and curator. In addition to working at Anthology Film Archives, he became director of The Kitchen and was the first video curator in its earliest period. He co-directed the Women's Video Festival with Susan Milano and the Kitchen Video Festival.
He was also the assistant to many artists such as Shirley Clarke or Nam June Paik. After leaving The Kitchen, he joined Shirley Clark's Video Space Troupe.
# Joachim Hartvig Johan von Barner

Joachim Hartvig Johan von Barner (1699–1768) was a Danish-German military officer and government official. He served as the County Governor of several counties in Norway and Denmark.
Barner was born in Mecklenburg which was part of the Holy Roman Empire, but moved to Denmark in his youth. He started out as a military officer, serving in the Danish military until 1746. In 1746, he was appointed as the Diocesan Governor of Christianssand stiftamt (and simultaneously serving as the County Governor of Nedenæs amt). He was then transferred to Denmark where he served as the County Governor of Kalundborg, Dragsholm, Sæbygaard and Holbaek counties. He held that post until he died in 1768.
# The Martyrdom of Saint Catherine (Guercino)

The Martyrdom of Saint Catherine is a 1653 oil on canvas painting by Guercino, commissioned by Cento to present to cardinal Alderano Cibo, papal legate in Ferrara.

## History

Two preparatory drawings by Guercino for this painting are known. The first drawing corresponds compositionally with some changes to the Hermitage painting; on the back of the sheet there is a separate figure of the executioner. This drawing is in a private collection in London, England. The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston has a drawing that repeats the drawing from London, it has an indication that Francesco Bartolozzi made an engraving from it, but this work itself is unknown or its prints have not been preserved.
In the church of San Francesco in Monteluco there is a small copy of this painting by Ercole Gennari (46 by 35 cm); in all likelihood, the copy was made in the workshop of Guercino, who was once a student of Ercole Gennari's father Benedetto Gennari the Elder and maintained relations with his teacher's family until the end of his life. Ercole himself was married to Guercino's sister Lucia.
The painting was in Ferrara for a long time, then for a long time its whereabouts where unknown. It ressurfaced once again in the first half of the 19th century in London, where it was in the possession of the British merchant G. Farrer, from whom it was acquired by the King of the Netherlands, William II of the Netherlands. It was bought at the posthumous sale of the collection of William II of the Netherlands by Nicholas I of Russia in 1850 and since then has been in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.

## Description

The painting illustrates an episode described in the Golden Legend: the execution of the martyr Catherine of Alexandria. Catherine is depicted on her knees with her hands tied; next to her, a half-naked executioner with a sword in his hand grabs Catherine by the hair with the intention of cutting off her head. To the left behind the executioner is one of the four spiked wheels, which were originally supposed to crush the body of the martyr - this device was destroyed by an angel. The angel himself is depicted as a putto, holding a crown in his left hand and a palm branch in his right - according to the Golden Legend, these items are attributes of Catherine.
# 1985 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

The 1985 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was the eighth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in Nassau, The Bahamas, between 16 October 1985 and 22 October 1985, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Sir Lynden Pindling.
The Nassau Accord was agreed to calling on the government of South Africa to dismantle its apartheid policy, enter into negotiations with the country's black majority and end its occupation of Namibia. The Commonwealth Eminent Persons Group was appointed to investigate the South African issue and report back with recommendations ahead of the special 1986 CHOGM in London.
Once released from prison, Nelson Mandela visited the Bahamas and thanked Sir Lynden Pindling for his role in opposing apartheid. Thabo Mbeki also visited the Bahamas when he became president of South Africa.
# Antoine Gérard

Antoine Gérard (born 15 June 1995) is a French former Nordic combined skier.
He competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Stuttgart Congress

The Stuttgart Congress of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) was held between October 3–October 8, 1898, in Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg (now Germany).
The Stuttgart Congress was the first congress to discuss the question of revisionism in the SPD. A statement sent by Eduard Bernstein, who was exiled, was read to the Congress. In it, he exposed and defended his revisionist views, previously exhibited in the series of articles Problems of Socialism published in the magazine Die Neue Zeit ("The New Times").
In the Congress, Karl Kautsky and August Bebel made an initial critique of Bernsteinism. Rosa Luxemburg maintained a more intransigent position against Bernstein's revisionism. The Congress did not adopt a resolution on this matter, but, despite the division in how to treat the question of Bernsteinism, the majority of the party showed its opposition to it.
In the Hanover Congress of 1899, the party approved a resolution that formally condemned Bernsteinist attacks on the party's policy and tactics.
Vladimir Lenin also attended in 1907.
# Sapri

Sapri is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. It is one of the southernmost towns of the region of Cilento and its population is 6,783.

## History

The town of Sapri has ancient origins and is considered the heart of the Gulf of Policastro. Its origins can be traced back to the times of Magna Graecia, when it was founded by ancient Greeks of Sybaris, under the name of "Scidrus" (Ancient Greek: Σκίδρος). During the Roman era, the bay and its hinterland were highly esteemed. Cicero referred to it as parva gemma maris inferi ("a small gem of the southern sea"). To this day, there are remains of Roman buildings near La Specola, along the road leading to Vibonati.
From 1811 to 1860, Sapri was part of the circondario of Vibonati, which belonged to the District of Sala in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
In June–July 1857 the republican revolutionary Carlo Pisacane led the Sapri expedition here. Pisacane and about 300 of his companions were killed in the suppression of the expedition.

## Geography

The town is a port on Tyrrhenian Sea, located in the southern part of Campania, close to the border with Basilicata. The town is 10 km from Maratea, 8 km from Policastro Bussentino and almost 100 km from Salerno.

## Notable people

* Angelo Accardi, born in Sapri, Italian artist

## Twin towns

* Ripatransone, Italy
# Pseudlepista

Pseudlepista is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae.

## Species

* Pseudlepista atriceps Aurivillius, 1921
* Pseudlepista atrizona Hampson, 1910
* Pseudlepista flavicosta Hampson, 1910
* Pseudlepista holoxantha Hampson, 1918
# Batman River

The Batman River is a major tributary of the Tigris in southeast Turkey. The region along the Batman River is known for its oil fields.

## Course

The river originates in Turkey's Anti-Taurus Mountains (at the Sason and Genç mountains) and flows approximately from north to south, passing near the city of Batman and forming a natural border between the Batman Province and Diyarbakır Province. The historic Malabadi Bridge (built in 1146–1147) crosses the river near the town of Silvan.
The river is widest at about 100 metres (330 ft) right after exiting the dam, but then narrows to about 50 metres (160 ft) and forms numerous splits along its way to the Tigris. Its riverbed is irregular in many places, promoting flooding. A tributary of Batman, the Iluh River, originates in the Raman Mountain on the south of the Batman city and flows north-west through the city into the Batman River. Despite being a small river, absent on most maps, Iluh plays an important role for the province because its spring floods affect the provincial capital. The floods of Iluh and Batman rivers occur between March and May and sometimes in October or November. Major floods occurred in 1969 (April, 60 buildings damaged), 1972 (April and May, 210 buildings damaged), 1991 (November, 500 buildings flooded), 1995 (March, nearly 1000 buildings submerged and 450 damaged) and 2006 (October, 11 people died and 20 injured).

## Name

In Antiquity, the Batman River was known as Kalat. This name meant "bride" to the Syriac people who populated the area, and was translated into Greek as Nymphios (Νυμφίος, Latinized Nymphius) and Nymphaios (Νυμφαῖος, Latinized Nymphaeus). Among Arabs it was known as Satidama, meaning "the bloody" reflecting the battles fought near it.
In international literature, the name Batman came into use in the 19th century, whereas in the 18th century and before it was mostly referred to as Nymphius, among other names. The origin of the name "Batman" is unclear: it might be a shortening of the name of the 1,228-metre (4,029 ft) tall Bati Raman mountain located nearby or refer to the unit of weight used in the Ottoman Empire.

## History

The river served as a natural border between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Persia and saw major battles in 583 and 591 AD. The main citadel on the river was Martyropolis, modern-day Silvan.
The Batman Dam (Turkish: Batman Barajı, B. de Batman on the map) was built in 1999 in the upstream (38°09′36″N 41°12′06″E﻿ / ﻿38.160088°N 41.201574°E﻿ / 38.160088; 41.201574), together with the associated reservoir and hydroelectric power plant.

## Wildlife

The Batman River loach (Paraschistura chrysicristinae) is a critically endangered fish native to the Batman and Ambar rivers. The fish is endangered by drought, habitat destruction, and habitat fragmentation from construction of the Batman Dam. It had not been observed since 1974 and was feared to be extinct until a 2021 expedition netted 14 fish living above the Batman Dam.
# Bad for Me (Dee Dee Bridgewater album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Cashbox | (favourable) |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Bad for Me is the fourth studio album by American jazz singer Dee Dee Bridgewater, released in 1979 by Elektra Records. The album reached at No. 29 on the Cashbox Top Jazz Albums chart and No. 30 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart.

## Overview

Bad for Me was produced by George Duke. Artists such as Sheila E., Roland Bautista, Ricky Lawson, Alphonso Johnson and Larry Dunn appeared on the album.

## Singles

The title track was released as the only single and peaked at No. 37 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart.

## Covers

Bridgewater covered Carole Bayer Sager's "It's the Falling in Love" on the album.

## Personnel

* Dee Dee Bridgewater – lead vocals, backing vocals (on tracks 3, 6, 8)
* George Duke – Yamaha electric grand piano (1, 3), backing vocals (2), Fender Rhodes piano and synthesizer (9)
* Bobby Lyle – Fender Rhodes piano (2), Yamaha electric grand piano (5, 8), Minimoog and clavinet (8)
* Larry Dunn – Fender Rhodes piano (4, 7), Minimoog (7)
* Greg Phillinganes – Fender Rhodes piano (6)
* Roland Bautista – guitar (exc. 5, 9)
* Byron Miller – bass (1, 2, 4, 5, 7)
* Robert Matthew Powell – bass (3, 8)
* Alphonso Johnson – bass (6, 9)
* Ricky Lawson – drums
* Sheila Escovedo – percussion (1, 2, 5, 6, 8)
* Paulinho da Costa – percussion (7)
* Lawrence Williams – tenor saxophone (exc. 4, 7)
* Don Menza – tenor saxophone (1)
* Fred Jackson – baritone saxophone (4, 7)
* Jerry Hey – trumpet (exc. 2, 9), flugelhorn (2, 9)
* Bobby Bryant – trumpet (4, 7)
* Rahmlee Michael Davis – trumpet (4)
* Sidney Muldrow, Richard Perissi – French horn (4, 7)
* Napoleon Murphy Brock – trombone (2, 3), backing vocals (1, 2)
* Lew McCreary – trombone (1)
* George Bohanon, Louis Satterfield – trombone (4, 7)
* William Frank Reichenbach Jr. – trombone (5, 6, 8, 9)
* Maurice Spears – bass trombone (4, 7)
* Lynn Davis – backing vocals (1–4, 7, 8)
* Josie James – backing vocals (1, 3, 4, 7, 8)
* Jim Gilstrap – backing vocals (4, 7)
* Carolyn Dennis, Becky Lopez, Petsye Powell – backing vocals (5)
* George Duke – producer, arrangements and orchestrations (1–3, 5), conductor (9)
* Horn arrangements (8) – George Duke, Bobby Lyle
* For tracks 4 and 7
** Vocal arrangements – George Duke, Larry Dunn
** Horn arrangements – Eduardo Del Barrio, Larry Dunn (4 only)
** Conductor of horn section – Eduardo Del Barrio
** String arrangements and conductor of string section – George Del Barrio
* Gene McDaniels – Producer
* Songwriters "Back of Your Mind" Gene McDaniels, Raye Stiles

## Chart history

| Chart (1979) | Peak position |
| US Cashbox Top Jazz Albums | 29 |
| US Billboard Jazz Albums | 30 |
| US Billboard Top Soul Albums | 57 |
# Cegeka Arena

The Cegeka Arena is a multi-purpose stadium in Genk, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for association football matches and is the home ground of K.R.C. Genk. The stadium holds 23,718 (of which 4,200 are standing places) and was built in 1999. Heusden-Zolder played at this stadium for their single season at the top level in 2003-04. Following the relegation of the club, it moved to Mijnstadion in Beringen. The average home attendance varies from 20,000 to 22,000 supporters who visit the stadium every fortnight.

## History

Before the start of the 2007–08 season, the stadium was known as "het Fenixstadion". However, early 2007 Racing Genk signed an agreement with the Alken-Maes brewery to lease the name of the stadium for a 5-year period changing the name to Cristal Arena. In 2016, the name was changed to Luminus Arena, named after Belgian company Luminus, the new stadium sponsor, who signed a four-year deal for the naming rights. In 2021, the name was changed to CegekA Arena, named after the Belgian IT company, the new stadium sponsor, who signed a ten-year deal for the naming rights.
The Belgium national football team played two games at this venue in 2009, a friendly against Slovenia and a 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Bosnia and Herzegovina, which they lost 2–4.
On 20 November 2018, Italy played a friendly against the United States, and won by a 94-minute goal from Matteo Politano.
# Cheng Kuei-lien

Cheng Kuei-lien (Chinese: 鄭貴蓮; pinyin: Zhèng Guìlián; born 25 December 1961) is a Taiwanese politician who served in the Legislative Yuan from 2002 to 2005.

## Academic career

Cheng attended Soochow University and later taught at Cheng Shiu Institute of Technology.

## Political career

She served on the third National Assembly and was elected to the Legislative Yuan in 2001. A 2003 assessment by the Association Monitoring the Nomination of Grand Justices determined that Cheng ranked second-worst at interpellation. In 2004, she referred to Chen Chi-mai and Gao Jyh-peng as "little bastards" and compared the duo to communists, claiming that they had stopped her from running for re-election by supporting other Democratic Progressive Party candidates.

## Personal life

Cheng is married to Yu Cheng-hsien.
# Salem First United Methodist Church

Salem First United Methodist Church is a Methodist congregation and historic church in Salem, Oregon, United States. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under its original name, First Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem, in 1983. First United is the oldest Methodist church west of the Rocky Mountains, and is a designated United Methodist Heritage Landmark. It is one of Oregon's few high-style Gothic Revival churches outside of Portland, and has one of the rare tall spires left standing in the state.

## History

The Methodist Episcopal Church of Salem was established in 1841 when the Methodist Mission moved its headquarters to Salem. Jason Lee was one of the 13 charter members of the church, and David Leslie was the first pastor. Initially the church met in a room at the Oregon Institute. After about 10 years, the congregation grew, and in 1853 they were able to build a small wooden frame building at the southeast corner of Church and State streets. By 1870, the congregation had outgrown this building and they began construction of the current sanctuary building at the same location. The brick Gothic Revival-style church was completed in 1878, despite a national depression and other difficulties. Cass Chapman, a Chicago architect who designed a number of buildings at Cornell College, supplied the plans, which were reduced in scale by one-eighth in order to lower building costs. Local architect Wilbur F. Boothby supervised the construction.
Additions to the building in 1935 and 1967 were designed to harmonize with the original building's Gothic style. The original 185-foot wooden spire, which makes the church the tallest building in Salem, was replaced in 1984. The sanctuary was remodeled in 1953 to add an Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ, a chancel rose window, new altar, pulpit, and pews. Additional renovations to the interior occurred in 1981 and 1988. In 2000, the organ acquired its full rank of pipes.
First United purchased the historic Salem Elks building adjacent to the church in 1992 and renamed it MICAH (Methodist Inner-city Community Activities House). The building houses a youth center, the United Methodist Archives for the Oregon-Idaho Conference, an area for informal worship services, and several community outreach organizations.
# Edzard Reuter

Edzard Hans Wilhelm Reuter (16 February 1928 – 27 October 2024) was a German businessman. He was the CEO of Daimler-Benz from 1987 to 1995.

## Early life

Edzard Reuter was born in Berlin on 15 February 1928. His father was the popular social democratic politician and later mayor of Berlin, from 1948 to 1953, Ernst Reuter. His mother Hanna Reuter née Kleinert was a secretary at the party newspaper Vorwärts. Under the Nazi regime, the family was forced to flee Germany; they found exile in Ankara, Turkey, where Reuter spent his childhood and youth. In 1946, Reuter joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
After returning to Germany in 1946, Reuter studied mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Berlin, now known as Humboldt University of Berlin, but then in East Berlin. He transferred to the Georg August University of Göttingen. In 1949, he switched over to studying law at the newly founded Free University of Berlin. In 1955, Reuter completed his state examinations.

## Career

From 1954 to 1956, he was an assistant at the Free University. After applying for a job for Daimler-Benz and failing, possibly because of his political orientation, Edzard Reuter became an authorized signatory for UFA, the German film studio and then an executive for Bertelsmann, a media corporation.
In 1964, Hanns Martin Schleyer recruited Reuter to work at the Daimler-Benz headquarters in Stuttgart, where he advanced to the board of managers. In July 1987, he succeeded Werner Breitschwerdt [de] as chairman of the board upon recommendation of Alfred Herrhausen. Upon his assumption of office Reuter avowed himself to an "open" corporate culture. His takeovers were the aircraft and defense technology of Dornier, Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm and MTU Friedrichshafen, electronics from Matra, and household appliances from AEG. Daimler-Benz became a giant corporation, but it cost the company billions in losses. The way he exercised his functions was criticized by many including the economist Ekkehard Wenger [de]. In May 1995, Reuter was succeeded by Jürgen E. Schrempp, who gave up his predecessor's business philosophy choosing instead to emphasize shareholder value.
In August 1994, Reuter mentioned himself as a possible candidate for mayor of Berlin, but none of the parties showed interest. In 1998, Reuter became an honorary citizen of Berlin, especially for his dedication for the expansion of the Potsdamer Platz.

## Death

Reuter died in Stuttgart, Germany, on 27 October 2024, at the age of 96.

## Writings

* Reuter, Edzard (2013). Egorepublik Deutschland (in German). Campus Verlag. ISBN 978-3-593-42011-0.

### Autobiography

* Reuter, Edzard (1999). Schein und Wirklichkeit (in German). Berlin: Siedler. ISBN 978-3-442-75571-4.
# Al-Hadi al-Mahdi

Imam Al-Hadi Abdulrahman al-Mahdi (1918–1971) was a Sudanese political and religious figure. He was a leader of the Sudanese Ansar religious order and was also the uncle of fellow Umma party politician Sadiq al-Mahdi. The Umma party was largely torn in half between 1966 and 1969 as a result of a split between Hadi al-Mahdi and Sadiq al-Mahdi.
Imam Al-Hadi was assassinated in 1971 whilst attempting to escape from Sudan to Ethiopia following the bombing of Aba Island by Gaafar Nimeiry.