OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of presidents of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

This article lists the presidents of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## List of officeholders

Croatian Democratic Union  Party of Democratic Action  Social Democratic Party  Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina  Croatian Party of Rights  Party of Justice and Trust
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Ethnicity | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Party | Party |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Ethnicity | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Party |
| 1 | | Krešimir Zubak (born 1947) | Croat | 31 May 1994 | 18 March 1997 | 2 years, 291 days | | HDZ BiH |
| 2 | | Vladimir Šoljić (born 1943) | Croat | 18 March 1997 | 29 December 1997 | 286 days | | HDZ BiH |
| 3 | | Ejup Ganić (born 1946) | Bosniak | 29 December 1997 | 1 January 1999 | 1 year, 3 days | | SDA |
| 4 | | Ivo Andrić-Lužanski (born 1956) | Croat | 1 January 1999 | 1 January 2000 | 1 year | | HDZ BiH |
| (3) | | Ejup Ganić (born 1946) | Bosniak | 1 January 2000 | 1 January 2001 | 1 year | | SDA (until May 2000) |
| (3) | | Ejup Ganić (born 1946) | Bosniak | 1 January 2000 | 1 January 2001 | 1 year | | Independent (from May 2000) |
| (4) | | Ivo Andrić-Lužanski (born 1956) | Croat | 1 January 2001 | 28 February 2001 | 58 days | | HDZ BiH |
| 5 | | Karlo Filipović (born 1954) | Croat | 28 February 2001 | 1 January 2002 | 307 days | | SDP BiH |
| 6 | | Safet Halilović (1951–2017) | Bosniak | 1 January 2002 | 27 January 2003 | 1 year, 26 days | | SBiH |
| 7 | | Niko Lozančić (born 1957) | Croat | 27 January 2003 | 22 February 2007 | 4 years, 26 days | | HDZ BiH |
| 8 | | Borjana Krišto (born 1961) | Croat | 22 February 2007 | 17 March 2011 | 4 years, 23 days | | HDZ BiH |
| 9 | | Živko Budimir (born 1962) | Croat | 17 March 2011 | 9 February 2015 | 3 years, 329 days | | HSP BiH (until March 2013) |
| 9 | | Živko Budimir (born 1962) | Croat | 17 March 2011 | 9 February 2015 | 3 years, 329 days | | SPP (from April 2013) |
| 10 | | Marinko Čavara (born 1967) | Croat | 9 February 2015 | 28 February 2023 | 8 years, 19 days | | HDZ BiH |
| 11 | | Lidija Bradara (born 1971) | Croat | 28 February 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 341 days | | HDZ BiH |
# William Barratt

William James Barratt (25 January 1823 – 10 September 1889) was an English convert to Mormonism and became the first Latter Day Saint to live in Australia when he was sent there as a missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. However, he ultimately apostatized from Mormonism.
Barratt was born in Burslem, North Staffordshire, England. The date of Barratt's conversion to Mormonism is unknown, but Latter Day Saint missionaries first preached in the Burslem area in 1839. He was the only member of his family to join the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. On 11 July 1840, apostle George A. Smith recorded in his diary that he had ordained the 17-year-old Barratt to the office of elder and had set him apart to preach as a missionary in Australia. Barratt's parents had already decided to emigrate to Australia and Barratt had decided that he would accompany them and eventually join the main gathering of Latter-day Saints in Utah Territory. On 17 July, Barratt's ship left London for Australia.
The Barratts arrived in Adelaide on 16 November 1840. Barratt found employment as a shepherd's cook in Mount Barker. Barratt tried preaching in Australia, and was successful in baptizing a few people, but quickly became discouraged at the moral tone of the settlers there. One of the people he did baptize in 1842 was Robert Beauchamp. Shortly thereafter, Barratt lost interest in Mormonism and became involved in the Congregational church in Encounter Bay. Because of this, Beauchamp, not Barratt, became the leader of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Australia and eventually the president of the church's Australasian Mission. Although missionaries from the LDS Church arrived in Australia in 1851, there is no record of Barratt attempting to contact them or vice versa.
Barratt became a prominent land owner in the Bald Hills and Inman Valley areas of South Australia. He married Ann Gibson and fathered seven children. Barratt died at Bald Hills, South Australia and is buried at Victor Harbor, South Australia.
# Shuchi Talati

Shuchi Talati is an Indian film director. She won the Audience Award for Dramatic World Cinema at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival for her film Girls Will Be Girls.
She studied at the American Film Institute, and served as Creative Head for Indusgeeks.

## Early life

Talati pursued Bachelors of Arts in English from St. Xaviers College, Mumbai and a post-graduate diploma in Social Communications Media from Sophia College, Mumbai. She then went on to pursue MFA in Film Directing from American Film Institute in Los Angeles.

## Career

Talati's short film, Mae & Ash (2012), was inspired from her personal experience in Bombay, where her boyfriend's ex-girlfriend stayed with him for a week, leading to feelings of insecurity. She translated her experience into the story of Mae & Ash.
Talati produced the short Execution (2020), which won a special jury mention at the New Orleans Film Festival, and Honolulu (2023) by Maya Tanaka, and was the story producer for the documentary Being Mary Tyler Moore (2023).
Apart from her narrative work, Talati has contributed to Netflix's We Are: The Brooklyn Saints (2021) and HBO's Wyatt Cenac's Problem Areas (2018), where her episode earned a GLAAD award nomination for its exploration of racist policing.
She directed the short A Period Piece (2021), which premiered at SXSW 2020, and wrote and directed the film Girls Will Be Girls (2024), which received generally positive reviews. Girls will be Girls won an Audience Award at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival, and its lead actor Preeti Panigrahi won a Special Jury Award for Acting for her performance.

## Selected filmography

* Mae and Ash (2012)
* A Period Piece (2020) - premiered at SXSW 2020
* Girls Will Be Girls (2024)

## Awards and recognition

* Bridges-Larson Production award
* Girls Will Be Girls (2024 film) - World Cinema Dramatic (Audience), 2024 Sundance Film Festival
# Preeti Panigrahi

Preeti Panigrahi is an Indian actress who starred in the 2024 film Girls Will Be Girls. She received the Special Jury Award for Acting at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival for her performance as a high school student navigating the complexities of adolescence and societal expectations.

## Life and career

Preeti Panigrahi was born in 2002 and grew up in India. She attended Hindu College, Delhi University, where she was actively involved in the theatre circuit. She is pursuing further studies in animation at SRFTI. Her passion for acting was inspired by her father's love for theatre.
Panigrahi landed the lead role of Mira in Girls Will Be Girls after responding to an open call in 2022. The audition required participants to submit a video depicting their high school persona. Drawing from her experience as the head girl in school, Preeti played the character of Mira. She prepared for the role by participating in workshops with casting director Dilip Shankar. At the Sundance Film Festival, Girls Will Be Girls won an audience award in the world cinema dramatic competition and Panigrahi's performance earned her a special jury prize. Critic Anupama Chopra wrote, "Panigrahi is the find of the year. Without a trace of strain or drama, she captures the myriad emotions coursing through Mira as she discovers passion, sexuality, unbridled rage, a twisted sort of jealousy, resentment, disappointment and eventually, comfort."

## Filmography

* Girls Will Be Girls (2024)

## Awards

Panigrahi won the Special Jury Award for Acting at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival for Girls Will Be Girls.
# Gleam (programming language)

Gleam is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional high-level programming language that compiles to Erlang or JavaScript source code.
Gleam is a statically-typed language, which is different from the most popular languages that run on Erlang’s virtual machine BEAM, Erlang and Elixir. Gleam has its own type-safe implementation of OTP, Erlang's actor framework. Packages are provided using the Hex package manager, and an index for finding packages written for Gleam is available.

## History

The first numbered version of Gleam was released on April 15, 2019. Compiling to JavaScript was introduced with version v0.16.
In 2023 the Erlang Ecosystem Foundation funded the creation of a course for learning Gleam on the learning platform Exercism.
Version v1.0.0 was released on March 4, 2024.

## Features

Gleam includes the following features, many common to other functional programming languages:
* Result type for error handling
* Immutable objects
* Algebraic data types
* Pattern matching
* No null pointers
* No implicit type conversions

## Example

A "Hello, World!" example:
Gleam supports tail call optimization:

## Implementation

Gleam's toolchain is implemented in the Rust programming language. The toolchain is a single native binary executable which contains the compiler, build tool, package manager, source code formatter, and language server. A WebAssembly binary containing the Gleam compiler is also available, enabling Gleam code to be compiled within a web browser.
# Beau Vernon

Beau Vernon (born 5 December 1988) is an Australian wheelchair rugby player. He won a bronze medal with the Steelers at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Personal

Vernon is from Phillip Island, Victoria. In June 2012, at the age of 23, his head was hit during a game of Australian football at Leongatha, Victoria and this resulted in him becoming a quadriplegic. He spent seven months Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Hospital in Kew, Melbourne. In 2023, he moved Sunshine Coast in Queensland with his wife Lucy and three – Layla, Joey and Ollie. He has completed a business degree at RMIT.

## Wheelchair rugby

Prior to his football injury, he was a successful at state level athletics and basketball. He was the youngest player in Gippsland Power’s TAC Cup 2005 premiership team, playing alongside Scott Pendlebury, Dale Thomas and Xavier Ellis. In 2014, he was appointed coach of Leongatha Football Club in the Gippsland League and they went on to win the premiership in his third year of coaching. He has also coached Phillip Island Seniors to two premierships.
He was introduced to wheelchair rugby through Australian Paralympian Nazem Erdem, a gold and silver medallist. Vernon is a 0.5 player and is a member of the University of Queensland Rugby Club. He was a member of Steelers that won the 2024 WWR Paralympic Qualification Tournament, Wellington, New Zealand and has been selected for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
At the 2024 Summer Paralympics, he was a member of the Steelers that won the bronze medal defeating Great Britain 50–48.
# Melnariyappanur

Melnariyappanur is a village panchayat located near Chinnasalem taluk of Kallakurichi district, Tamil Nadu. It is famous for the shrine dedicated to the King of Miracles, Saint Antony of Padua. His feast is celebrated every year on 13 June. People in the area cultivate turmeric, rice, corn, cotton, green chilis, pulses, tapioca sugar, tamarind, and yellow lentils.

## Transport

Melnariyappanur is located 3 km away from V.Kootroad, National Highway NH-68 (Salem-Ulundurpet). Buses are available from Melnariyappanur to Chennai and Mini buses from Siruvachur to V.Kootroad via Melnariyappanur.
Train route connecting Salem (SA) and Vridhachalam (VRI) goes via Melnariyappanur (MLYR). Only passenger trains stop here. The nearest major station is at Chinnasalem (CHSM). Trains are available from Bangalore, Mangalore and Salem.

## Schools

Schools in the area include
* St. Antony's Higher Secondary School -
* Government Primary School

## Air links

The nearest domestic airport is Salem Airport, 85 km west of the town, Pondicherry 130 km, Madurai 240 km and Coimbatore 240 km. Domestic and international airports are at Tiruchirapalli 100 km, Chennai 250 km, and Bangalore 285 km

## Places of interest

The Kalvarayan Ranges, located about 5 to 10 km north of the village, include Chinna Thirupathi (meaning "small Tirupathi"), a hill.
# Shane Dye

Raymond Shane Dye (born 26 September 1966, in the township of Matamata New Zealand), is a former jockey. He was an apprentice jockey to Dave O’Sullivan at Matamata, before moving to Sydney, Australia where he was initially working with Vic Thompson at Warwick Farm in the late-1980s. In a distinguished riding career, Dye won the Melbourne Cup on Tawriffic in 1989 in then-record time, and won four consecutive Golden Slippers from 1989 to 1992. He also won the Cox Plate on Octagonal in 1995.
Dye won two Sydney Jockeys Premierships in the 1990-91 and 1996-97 seasons and rode over 2,000 career winners.
Dye rode in Mauritius after eight years in Hong Kong.
Shane Dye has ridden 93 career Group 1 winners. He has not ridden in competitive racing since 2013 and has said he will not return to racing. On 9 March 2014 he was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame.

## Notable wins

The following are some of the races Shane has won in his career.
| Year | Race | Horse | Trainer(s) |
| 1984 | Avondale Cup (G1) | Cariere | J W Morris |
| 1989 | Golden Slipper Stakes | Courtza | R S McDonald |
| 1989 | Blue Diamond Stakes | Courtza | R S McDonald |
| 1989 | Melbourne Cup | Tawriffic | Lee Freedman |
| 1990 | Brisbane Cup | Shuzohra | E Skelton |
| 1990 | Golden Slipper Stakes | Canny Lad | R G Hore-Lacy |
| 1991 | Golden Slipper Stakes | Tierce | C E Conners |
| 1991 | H E Tancred Stakes | Dr Grace | G Chapman |
| 1992 | AJC Sires Produce Stakes | Burst | C E Connors |
| 1992 | Golden Slipper Stakes | Burst | C E Conners |
| 1995 | Cox Plate | Octagonal | John Hawkes |
| 1995 | Victoria Derby | Nothin' Leica Dane | Gai Waterhouse |
| 1996 | AJC Sires Produce Stakes | Merlene | D L Freedman |
| 1997 | Adelaide Cup | Cronus | Roger James |
| 1997 | Australian Cup | Octagonal | John Hawkes |
| 1997 | Australian Derby | Ebony Grove | Graeme Rogerson |
| 1997 | Doomben 10,000 | Accomplice | John Hawkes |
| 1997 | Newmarket Handicap | Ruffles | M Lees |
| 1997 | AJC Sires Produce Stakes | Encounter | C Connors |
| 1997 | Tancred Stakes | Octagonal | John Hawkes |
| 1998 | Sydney Cup | Tie The Knot | G Walter |
| 1998 | Brisbane Cup | Praise Indeed | N McBurney |
| 1998 | Adelaide Cup | The Hind | P C Hayes |
| 1999 | Australian Oaks | Grand Archway | |
| 2000 | Australian Oaks | Coco Cobanna | Gai Waterhouse |
| 2004 | Hong Kong Champions & Chater Cup | Super Kid | John Size |
# Robert J. Evans

Robert J. Evans (born 1853 in Louisiana, died 27 September 1921 in Harris County, Texas) was a Republican state legislator in Texas. Born into slavery, he served two terms representing Grimes County from January 1879 to January 1883. In addition to his career as a legislator, he worked as a teacher and was a delegate to the 1882 and 1884 State Republican Conventions, the 1883 State Colored Men's Convention and the 1884 National Republican Convention.
# I Believe (George Strait song)

"I Believe" is a song recorded by American country music singer George Strait. It was written by Strait, his son Bubba, and Dean Dillon. It was released on July 15, 2013, as the second single from his album Love Is Everything.

## Content

Strait and his band were finished recording the album when Norma, George's wife, made everyone unpack and cut the Newtown, Connecticut-inspired single "At its core, ‘I Believe’ is about faith — a subject this singer has approached with underrated deftness" and "puts his faith on display as never before" "Strait was hesitant to include the song, as he didn’t want to misrepresent the families of the victims or be accused of somehow profiting from their tears... his sincerity triumphs on this beautifully crafted tribute to the victims." The victims that inspired this song where the lives taken from a school shooting in Newtown Connecticut in December 2012.

## Critical reception

Billy Dukes of Taste of Country rated "I Believe" 4.5 out of 5 stars and calls it "arguably the best of the 13" and shouldn't keep him from earning a Song of the Year consideration.
Leeann Ward of Country Universe gave the song an A. She states, "Strait’s voice is as solid as ever" and that "he perfectly emotes the sincerity and compassion that a song of this magnitude requires." She finishes by saying "I Believe" is "just a tribute from a humble man conveying a simple sentiment of real heartbreak, buoyed by faith and hope."

## Chart performance

"I Believe" debuted and peaked at number 50 on the U.S. Billboard Country Airplay chart for the week of August 3, 2013, making it the first single of Strait's career to miss the Top 40.
| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| US Country Airplay (Billboard) | 50 |

## Later uses

Performed as the last song of Hand in Hand: A Benefit for Hurricane Relief it was, by Strait and others, in September 2017, in the wake of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma.
# Radical 16

Radical 16 or radical table (几部), meaning small table, is one of 23 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of 2 strokes.
几 is also the 16th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China. 𠘨 is an associated indexing component affiliated to the principal component 几. In addition, the identical character 几 used in Simplified Chinese for 幾 jǐ used to ask "how many" for small amounts or to mean "a few, some, almost, nearly" does not have any historical connection to the "table" character.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 38 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

## Evolution

* Chu bamboo and slip script character
* Shuowen seal script character
* Liushutong character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 几 |
| +1 | 凡 凢 (=凡) 凣 (=凡) |
| +2 | 凤$^{SC}$ (=鳳 -> 鳥) |
| +3 | 凥 処$^{JP}$ (=處 -> 虍) 凧$^{JP}$ |
| +4 | 凨 (=風 -> 風) 凩$^{JP}$ 凪$^{JP}$ 凫$^{SC}$ (=鳧 -> 鳥) |
| +5 | 凬 |
| +6 | 凭 凮 凯$^{SC}$ (=凱) |
| +7 | 巬 |
| +9 | 凰 |
| +10 | 凱 凲 |
| +12 | 凳 凴 (=憑 -> 心) |

## Literature

* Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
* Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2
* KangXi: page 133, character 16
# Iļja Ščaņicins

Iļja Ščaņicins (born 16 March 1984) is a Latvian retired footballer who played as a forward.
# Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal

The Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal is a one-day professional bicycle road race held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Its first edition was held on September 12, 2010 as the final event in the 2010 UCI ProTour.
The Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal and the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec, held two days earlier, are collectively known as the "Laurentian Classics". In 2014, Simon Gerrans became the first to achieve the "Laurentian Double" by winning both the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec and the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal in the same year. In 2018, Michael Matthews became the second cyclist to achieve this.
The race uses a hilly circuit around Mount Royal, similar to that used at the 1974 UCI Road World Championships, 1976 Summer Olympics and other previous races. In 2024, organisers noted that they wished to stage a women's race in future, potentially as part of the UCI Women's World Tour.

## Route

The Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal is not like many single day events, a point to point race, but a circuit based race. The riders race for 18 laps on a 12.3 kilometres (7.6 mi) long circuit. Each lap of the circuit requires completing four climbs on the slopes around Mount Royal: Côte Camilien-Houde (1.8 km long and 8% average grade), Côte de la Polytechnique (780m long and 6% average grade) and Avenue du Parc (560m long and 4% average grade) and (as of 2022) the new section on Pagnuelo street (534m long at 7.5% average grade). The finish is uphill on the Avenue du Parc.
The race has 4,842 metres (15,886 ft) of cumulative climbing, similar to that found in a mountain stage in the Tour de France, though at a lower altitude.
Iterations of the circuit have been used for:
* 1974 UCI Road World Championships, when Eddy Merckx won
* 1976 Summer Olympics
* Grand Prix des Amériques, held between 1989 and 1992, part of the UCI Road World Cup
* Coupe du Monde Cycliste Féminine de Montréal, held between 1998 and 2009, part of the UCI Women's Road World Cup

## Winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2010 | Netherlands | Robert Gesink | Rabobank |
| 2011 | Portugal | Rui Costa | Movistar Team |
| 2012 | Norway | Lars Petter Nordhaug | Team Sky |
| 2013 | Slovakia | Peter Sagan | Cannondale |
| 2014 | Australia | Simon Gerrans | Orica–GreenEDGE |
| 2015 | Belgium | Tim Wellens | Lotto–Soudal |
| 2016 | Belgium | Greg Van Avermaet | BMC Racing Team |
| 2017 | Italy | Diego Ulissi | UAE Team Emirates |
| 2018 | Australia | Michael Matthews | Team Sunweb |
| 2019 | Belgium | Greg Van Avermaet | CCC Team |
| 2020–2021 | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2022 | Slovenia | Tadej Pogačar | UAE Team Emirates |
| 2023 | Great Britain | Adam Yates | UAE Team Emirates |
| 2024 | Slovenia | Tadej Pogačar | UAE Team Emirates |

### Multiple winners

| Wins | Rider | Editions |
| 2 | Greg Van Avermaet (BEL) | 2016, 2019 |
| 2 | Tadej Pogačar (SLO) | 2022, 2024 |

### Wins per country

| Wins | Country |
| 3 | Belgium |
| 2 | Australia Slovenia |
| 1 | Italy Netherlands Norway Portugal Slovakia United Kingdom |
# Nitronium ion

The nitronium ion, [NO$_2$]$^+$, is a cation. It is an onium ion because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion [NH$_4$]$^+$. It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule NO$_2$, or the protonation of nitric acid HNO$_3$ (with removal of H$_2$O).
It is stable enough to exist in normal conditions, but it is generally reactive and used extensively as an electrophile in the nitration of other substances. The ion is generated in situ for this purpose by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the equilibrium:
    H$_2$SO$_4$ + HNO$_3$ → HSO−4 + [NO$_2$]$^+$ + H$_2$O

## Structure

The nitronium ion is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide and has the same linear structure and bond angle of 180°. For this reason it has a similar vibrational spectrum to carbon dioxide. Historically, the nitronium ion was detected by Raman spectroscopy, because its symmetric stretch is Raman-active but infrared-inactive. The Raman-active symmetrical stretch was first used to identify the ion in nitrating mixtures.

## Salts

A few stable nitronium salts with anions of weak nucleophilicity can be isolated. These include nitronium perchlorate [NO$_2$]$^+$[ClO$_4$]$^−$, nitronium tetrafluoroborate [NO$_2$]$^+$[BF$_4$]$^−$, nitronium hexafluorophosphate [NO$_2$]$^+$[PF$_6$]$^−$, nitronium hexafluoroarsenate [NO$_2$]$^+$[AsF$_6$]$^−$, and nitronium hexafluoroantimonate [NO$_2$]$^+$[SbF$_6$]$^−$. These are all very hygroscopic compounds.
The solid form of dinitrogen pentoxide, N$_2$O$_5$, actually consists of nitronium and nitrate ions, so it is an ionic compound, nitronium nitrate [NO$_2$]$^+$[NO$_3$]$^−$, not a molecular solid. However, dinitrogen pentoxide in liquid or gaseous state is molecular and does not contain nitronium ions.

## Related species

The compounds nitryl fluoride, NO$_2$F, and nitryl chloride, NO$_2$Cl, are not nitronium salts but molecular compounds, as shown by their low boiling points (−72 °C and −6 °C respectively) and short nitrogen–halogen bond lengths (N–F 135 pm, N–Cl 184 pm).
Addition of one electron forms the neutral nitryl radical, NO$_2$•; in fact, this is fairly stable and known as the compound nitrogen dioxide.
The related negatively charged species is NO−2, the nitrite ion.