OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# MicroMV

MicroMV is a proprietary videotape format introduced in October 2001 by Sony. It is the smallest videotape format — 70% smaller than MiniDV or about the size of two US quarter coins; it is also smaller than a Digital8 or DV cassette and slightly smaller than an audio microcassette. It was the first helical scan tape system using MR read head introduced to the market. Each cassette can hold up to 60 minutes of video.

## Overview

The MicroMV format does not use the "DV25" codec used by the highly popular DV & MiniDV videocassette formats. Instead, it uses 12 Mbit/s MPEG-2 compression, like that used for DVDs and HDV. Footage recorded on MicroMV format initially could not be directly edited with mainstream DV editing software such as Adobe Premiere or Apple Final Cut Pro; instead Sony supplied its own video editing software MovieShaker (for Windows PCs only). Later versions of Ulead Video Studio and several freeware applications however could capture and edit from Sony MicroMV Camcorders.
MicroMV was unsuccessful. Sony was the only electronics manufacturer to sell MicroMV cameras. In 2006, Sony stopped offering new MicroMV camcorder models. In November 2015, Sony announced that shipment of MicroMV cassettes would be discontinued in March 2016.

## MicroMV camcorders

* Sony DCR-IP7 (2001)
* Sony DCR-IP5 (2001)
* Sony DCR-IP45 (2002)
* Sony DCR-IP55 (2002)
* Sony DCR-IP210 (2002)
* Sony DCR-IP220 (2002)
* Sony DCR-IP1 (2003)
NTSC models only can play NTSC recordings, while PAL models can play both PAL and NTSC. PAL models end with an "E" (e.g. DCR-IP7E).

## Software supporting MicroMV

* MovieShaker—Sony's own video editing software originally supplied with MicroMV camcorders.
* Vegas Movie Studio-Supports capturing video from MicroMV camcorders (in HDV mode).
* CapDVHS-Supports capturing video from MicroMV camcorders.
* DVgate Plus—Software by Sony for capturing clips, including MicroMV.
* Pinnacle Studio versions 8 and 9—Captures clips and allows editing, DVD creation etc. Dropped from version 10.
* GrabMV—Captures MicroMV clips.
* FFmpeg—support for MPEG-TS playback
* Blender—Video Sequencer supports editing of the MPEG-TS directly thanks to ffmpeg.
* Apple iMovie '08 to '11 for Mac—Natively supports importing from MicroMV video cameras. Dropped from iMovie 10.x.
* Ulead DVD Workshop 2—Includes MPEG MicroMV video capture plugin.
* Ulead VideoStudio versions 7 to 9-Supports importing from MicroMV camcorders. Dropped from newer versions.
* Windows Movie Maker - included free with Windows Vista Home Premium
# 2024 Nileshwar temple fireworks disaster

On 28 October 2024, a fireworks accident occurred at the Theru Anjootambalam Veererkavu temple in Nileshwaram in Kasaragod district of the Indian state of Kerala. Four people were killed and more than 150 people were injured.

## Accident

On 28 October 2024, a Theyyam ritual performance was held during the Kaliyattam festival at the Theru Anjootambalam Veererkavu temple in Nileshwaram in Kasaragod district of the Indian state of Kerala. At about half an hour past midnight IST, a fire ignited in a nearby building where firecrackers were stored. The fire resulted in a blast which collapsed the building and injured people nearby.

## Aftermath

The Kerala Police were involved in the rescue activities along with the Theyyam performers and general public. More than 150 were injured in the accident and the injured were transferred to hospitals in Kannur and Mangalore for treatment. As on 29 October, at least 110 people were undergoing treatment for injuries with few people in critical condition. As on 4 November, four people had succumbed to their injuries.

## Investigation

The Kerala Police opened an investigation into the accident. The District Collector of Kasargode stated that the investigation into the incident was being conducted by the appropriate authorities. The police highlighted a failure to comply with safety norms and guidelines as a possible cause of the accident. On 29 October, the police arrested eight temple officials including the president of the temple committee in connection with the incident. The Government of Kerala announced the formation of a special investigative team to probe the accident.

## Reactions

The witnesses described that the sudden explosion triggered chaos and panic amongst the people. Various leaders expressed grief and condolences on the accident. In the aftermath, clashes were reported between the workers of the Bharatiya Janata Party, who were protesting against the accident and the workers of Communist Party of India (Marxist), which heads the Kerala government.
# Frida Tegstedt

Frida Tegstedt (born 17 July 1987) is a Swedish female retired handballer who played as a pivot. She played for Issy-Paris Hand in France, Füchse Berlin in Germany and IK Sävehof in her home country. She also played for the Swedish national team. She retired in 2017.

## Career

She debuted for the senior team of IK Sävehof in the Spring of 2005 against Skånela IF. With the club she won 8 Swedish championships.
In 2014 she moved to Germany to join Füchse Berlin, since her partner at the time Jesper Nielsen became a professional handballer in Germany.
Two years later she joined French club Issy Paris Hand, since Jesper Nielsen at the same time joined PSG. In the fall of 2019 she made a short comeback for Önnereds HK.
She debuted for the Swedish national team in 2013 at the age of 28.

## Achievements

* Swedish Championship:
** Gold Medalist: 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
* Carpathian Trophy:
** Winner: 2015
# Mark Boyd (author)

Mark Boyd (1805 – 12 September 1879, in London) was an English author.
Mark Boyd was born in Surrey near the Thames, the younger son of Edward Boyd of Merton Hall, Newton Stewart, Wigtownshire, a merchant. His brother was Benjamin Boyd. He mainly spent his childhood on the Scottish estate, which was near the River Cree. He later pursued an active business career in London, becoming London director of a Scottish insurance society, and a lively promoter of the colonisation of Australia and New Zealand, and of other useful public undertakings. He travelled much in Europe. He published an account in the London and Shetland Journal of a journey in the Orkney Isles in 1839. On 23 December 1848 he married Emma Anne, the widow of 'Romeo' Coates, who had been run over and killed in the previous February. He died at the Alexandra Hotel, Hyde Park on 12 September 1879, aged 74.

## Works

In 1864 Boyd published a pamphlet about Australia, where his disgraced fraudulent slaver brother had settled. His Reminiscences of Fifty Years (1871) was dedicated to the Australian colonists, and Social Gleanings (1875, written from Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames) was dedicated to Dean Ramsay.
# French Pete Creek

French Pete Creek is a tributary of the South Fork McKenzie River in Lane County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It flows generally west through the Three Sisters Wilderness to the south end of Cougar Reservoir, about 11 miles (18 km) from the larger river's confluence with the McKenzie River. The creek has two named tributaries—Olallie Creek and, further downstream, Pat Creek—both of which enter from the right.
The stream derives its name from an early-day shepherd who grazed his flock along the valley. The shepherd's last name is unknown.
French Pete Trail, which crosses the stream twice, runs along the creek's valley. The trail begins near French Creek Campground, at the confluence of the creek with the river. Campground amenities include 17 tent, car, and trailer sites, picnic tables, vault toilets, and drinking water. The campground is generally open from early April to mid-September.
In the 1970s, environmentalists and timber interests clashed over a "substantial stand of young timber with a high potential value at maturity" along the creek, according to Oregon Geographic Names. In 1978, most of the French Pete Creek valley was added to the Three Sisters Wilderness.
# Hazel Creek (Soque River tributary)

Hazel Creek is a stream in Georgia, and is a tributary of the Soque River. The creek is approximately 13.50 miles (21.73 km) long.

## Course

Hazel Creek rises in tiny Lake Irvin in eastern Habersham County, Georgia, just west of where U.S. Route 123 crosses into Stephens County near Ayersville, and runs in a westerly direction for approximately 4 miles (6.4 km), crossing U.S. Route 23/U.S. Route 441/State Route 365 in the process, and picking up the waters of various unnamed branches. At Shorts Mill, Hazel Creek is joined by Little Hazel Creek coming from the south, then turns sharply to the northwest for approximately 1.3 miles (2.1 km), before being joined by Law Creek coming from the northeast. At this confluence, Hazel Creek again turns sharply, this time to the southwest, and heads in the direction of Demorest. After about 1-mile (1.6 km), it is joined by Lick Log Creek, and after another 1-mile (1.6 km) by Camp Creek, both coming from the southeast. At its confluence with Camp Creek in Demorest Lake, Hazel Creek turns to the northwest once again, and winds through Demorest and on in a northwesterly direction for another 3.2 miles (5.1 km), before flowing into the Soque River just southwest of Habersham Mills Lake.

## Sub-watershed details

The creek watershed and associated waters is designated by the United States Geological Survey as sub-watershed HUC 031300010205, is named the Hazel Creek sub-watershed, and drains an area of approximately 32 square miles (83 km$^2$) southeast of Clarkesville and east of Demorest, as well as southeast of the Soque River.
# 2024 Tamil Nadu train collision

On 11 October 2024, two trains collided near Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Bagmati Express, a passenger train, collided with a stationary goods train near Kavaraipettai railway station in Tiruvallur district. The accident resulted in the derailment of 13 coaches of the Bagmati Express in which at least 19 people were injured.

## Crash

On 11 October 2024, Bagmati Express, (Train No. 12577), a passenger train was traveling from Darbhanga in Bihar to Mysore in Karnataka. The train was traveling near Kavaraipettai railway station on the Gudur–Chennai section of the Howrah-Chennai main line in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu at 20:30 IST. The train rammed onto a goods train, which was stationary on an adjacent loop line. The collision resulted in the derailment of 13 coaches of the Bagmati Express, some of which caught fire. Two wagons of the goods train were also damaged. At least 19 people were injured including four people who were seriously injured in the accident.

## Aftermath

The injured were treated at the Stanley Medical College Hospital in Chennai. The Indian Railways cancelled two trains and diverted multiple trains. The other passengers in the train were transported to Ponneri by buses and later to Chennai Central through Electric Multiple Units of Indian Railways. A special train carried them towards the original destination on 12 October. The tracks were cleared by 14 October and traffic was restored at 9:15 IST.

## Causes

The train crew indicated that the train switched tracks after automatically after a sudden jolt. The Indian Railways constituted a high level committee for inquiry into the accident and the Government of India ordered the National Investigation Agency to investigate if the accident was caused due to sabotage. The Commissioner of Railway Safety began the investigation on 12 October. The General Manager of Southern Railway zone said that the train had no scheduled halt in the region and was given green signal to proceed. He also stated that the driver followed the signals and the train should have taken the main line rather than the loop line.
A spokesperson of Southern Railway said that there were no casualties due to the safety features of the LHB coaches used on the train. These coaches were designed to withstand higher impact and the coupling mechanism prevented coaches from climbing on top of each other on impact. He also said that the locomotive of the passenger train impacted the brake van of the goods train, which absorbed most of the impact.
# Colchicum × agrippinum

Colchicum × agrippinum is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae. It is considered to be a hybrid between C. variegatum and C. autumnale, and not a true species, although this is not certain. The genus and the species are commonly called autumn crocus, naked lady or meadow saffron.
Colchicum × agrippinum is considered one of the easiest species of the genus Colchicum to grow. It is moderately tall, up to 6 inches (15 cm) and displays many crocus-like flowers from a single corm. Like other colchicums, it flowers in late summer or autumn long before the strap-shaped leaves, which appear in spring. The flowers have a distinct tessellation, or checker-board pattern of pink and white, and the anthers have purple tips. These traits help to identify it from other colchicums.
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017).
# IV liga Greater Poland

IV liga Greater Poland group (grupa wielkopolska), also known as Artbud IV liga wielkopolska for sponsorship reasons, is one of the groups of IV liga, the fifth level of Polish football league system.
The league was created in the 2000–01 season after a new administrative division of Poland was introduced. Until the end of the 2007–08 season, IV liga was the fourth level of league system, but this was changed with the formation of the Ekstraklasa as the top level league in Poland. Initially divided into North and South groups, the format was changed in 2018 to hold competition in a single-group system.
The clubs from Greater Poland Voivodeship compete in this group. The winner of the league is promoted to the second group of the III liga. The bottom teams are relegated to the Greater Poland groups of V liga.
# Market Place, Finchley

Market Place is a road in Finchley, north London.
It was the site of the largest pig market in Middlesex, founded in the late 17th Century. Pigs would be fattened on grain left over from London's gin distilleries before being sold on to London butchers. In the 19th Century the market declined in importance and was only held once a week, and towards the end of the century was reduced to occasional auctions.
From the earliest days, the market had a reputation for squalor and immorality. The notorious highwayman and burglar Jack Sheppard was held at the George Inn on Market Place following his fourth arrest whilst disguised as a butcher. Following heavy bombing during World War II the market was extensively rebuilt, with most of the shops closing. The last shops closed on the street in 1973, and the last commercial premises remaining, a pub, the Duke of Cambridge, closed and was torn down in 2009. However, the area maintained its association with pig farming well into the 20th Century, with a herd of 25 pigs kept on nearby Prospect Place as late as 1955. No trace of the market now exists other than the road name.
# Coat of arms of Saskatoon

The coat of arms of Saskatoon is the assumed heraldic symbol representing the city of Saskatoon.
It is visible on the city flag, adopted in 1980, as well as the Saskatoon Police Service coat of arms which was registered by the Canadian Heraldic Authority in 2007.

## History

The coat of arms were designed in 1948 by A.L. Atkinson, an engineer professor at Saskatoon University and heraldry admirer. He would later be voted $50 as a tangible expression of Saskatoon's appreciation for his design of the coat of arms.
Saskatoon adopted his design on January 14 1949 by Bylaw No. 3081 following the incapability of the former design adopted in 1913 to be described in proper heraldic language, rendering the former design unable to be approved. Neither the coat of arms nor the flag have never been registered. The decision of doing so was made in 1988 but no record of why was recorded.

## Blazon

The blazon is:
Arms: Per chevron vert and or, in dexter chief an open book of learning argent leathered sable, in sinister chief a cogged wheel of six spokes in saltire and fesse of the third with overall a wheat ear of the second, in base a cross and saltire voided of the last with overall an annul et of the last encircling a bezant.
Crest: On a wreath of the colours a lion passant guardant or holding in his dexter paw a sprig of Saskatoon Berries (Amelanchier Alnifolia Nutt) proper.
# Serial computer

A serial computer is a computer typified by bit-serial architecture – i.e., internally operating on one bit or digit for each clock cycle. Machines with serial main storage devices such as acoustic or magnetostrictive delay lines and rotating magnetic devices were usually serial computers.
Serial computers require much less hardware than their bit-parallel counterparts which exploit bit-level parallelism to do more computation per clock cycle. There are modern variants of the serial computer available as a soft microprocessor which can serve niche purposes where the size of the CPU is the main constraint.
The first computer that was not serial and used a parallel bus was the Whirlwind in 1951.
A serial computer is not necessarily the same as a computer with a 1-bit architecture, which is a subset of the serial computer class. 1-bit computer instructions operate on data consisting of single bits, whereas a serial computer can operate on N-bit data widths, but does so a single bit at a time.

## Serial machines

* EDVAC (1949)
* BINAC (1949)
* SEAC (1950)
* UNIVAC I (1951)
* Elliott Brothers Elliott 152 (1954)
* Bendix G-15 (1956)
* LGP-30 (1956)
* Elliott Brothers Elliott 803 (1958)
* ZEBRA (1958)
* D-17B guidance computer (1962)
* PDP-8/S (1966)
* General Electric GE-PAC 4040 process control computer
* F14 CADC (1970) – transferred all data serially, but internally operated on many bits in parallel
* Kenbak-1 (1971)
* Datapoint 2200 (1971)
* HP-35 (1972)
* Digit-serial HP Saturn-based calculators from the HP-71B (1974) to the HP 50g (2006–2015)
* National Semiconductor SC/MP (1976)
* Ferranti F100-L (1977) – 16-bit, but uses a bit-serial arithmetic logic unit

### Massively parallel

Most of the early massive parallel processing machines were built out of individual serial processors, including:
* ICL Distributed Array Processor (1979)
* Goodyear MPP (1983)
* Connection Machine CM-1 (1985)
* Connection Machine CM-2 (1987)
* MasPar MP-1 (1990) – 32-bit architecture, internally processed 4 bits at a time
* VIRAM1 computational RAM (2003)
# Institute of Forest Productivity

The Institute of Forest Productivity (IFP) is a research institute situated in Ranchi in state of Jharkhand. It works under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India.
# 87th Street station

87th Street station is a station on the South Chicago Branch of the Metra Electric Line on the southeast side of Chicago, United States. The station is located at 87th Street, two block East of Commercial Avenue, and is 12.51 miles (20.13 km) away from the northern terminus, Millennium Station. In Metra's zone-based fare system, 87th Street is in zone 2. As of 2018, 87th Street is the 186th busiest of Metra's 236 non-downtown stations, with an average of 106 weekday boardings.
Though Metra gives the address for the station as being at 87th Street east of Commercial Avenue, it is actually closer to South Baltimore Avenue. The tracks run along the east side of a one-lane alley behind South Baltimore Avenue, which spans only from 86th Street to 87th Street.
West of this station is another Metra Electric station along 87th Street known as 87th Street (Woodruff) along the main line. Parking is available at this station, but only street-side along 87th Street, on the south side between Houston and Burley Avenues, and on the north side between the tracks and Baltimore Avenue.

## Bus connections

CTA
* 87 87th
# Graph Theory, 1736–1936

Graph Theory, 1736–1936 is a book in the history of mathematics on graph theory. It focuses on the foundational documents of the field, beginning with the 1736 paper of Leonhard Euler on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg and ending with the first textbook on the subject, published in 1936 by Dénes Kőnig. Graph Theory, 1736–1936 was edited by Norman L. Biggs, E. Keith Lloyd, and Robin J. Wilson, and published in 1976 by the Clarendon Press. The Oxford University Press published a paperback second edition in 1986, with a corrected reprint in 1998.

## Topics

Graph Theory, 1736–1936 contains copies, extracts, and translations of 37 original sources in graph theory, grouped into ten chapters and punctuated by commentary on their meaning and context. It begins with Euler's 1736 paper "Solutio problematis ad geometriam situs pertinentis" on the seven bridges of Königsberg (both in the original Latin and in English translation) and ending with Dénes Kőnig's book Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen. The source material touches on recreational mathematics, chemical graph theory, the analysis of electrical circuits, and applications of graph theory in abstract algebra. Also included are background material and portraits on the mathematicians who originally developed this material.
The chapters of the book organize the material into topics within graph theory, rather than being strictly chronological. The first chapter, on paths, includes maze-solving algorithms as well as Euler's work on Euler tours. Next, a chapter on circuits includes material on knight's tours in chess (a topic that long predates Euler), Hamiltonian cycles, and the work of Thomas Kirkman on polyhedral graphs. Next follow chapters on spanning trees and Cayley's formula, chemical graph theory and graph enumeration, and planar graphs, Kuratowski's theorem, and Euler's polyhedral formula. There are three chapters on the four color theorem and graph coloring, a chapter on algebraic graph theory, and a final chapter on graph factorization. Appendices provide a brief update on graph history since 1936, biographies of the authors of the works included in the book, and a comprehensive bibliography.

## Audience and reception

Reviewer Ján Plesník names the book the first ever published on the history of graph theory, and although Hazel Perfect notes that parts of it can be difficult to read, Plesník states that it can also be used as "a self-contained introduction" to the field, and Edward Maziarz suggests its use as a textbook for graph theory courses. Perfect calls the book "fascinating ... full of information", thoroughly researched and carefully written, and Maziarz finds inspiring the ways in which it describes serious mathematics as arising from frivolous starting points. Fernando Q. Gouvêa calls it a "must-have" for anyone interested in graph theory, and Philip Peak also recommends it to anyone interested more generally in the history of mathematics.
# Sonning Hill

Sonning Hill is a hill near the village of Sonning in Berkshire, England, close to the River Thames. Towards the Oxfordshire side of the main river channel, there is a long thin island creating two branches of the river. The Sonning Cutting takes the Great Western Railway through part of the hill between Twyford and Reading.
There are good walks by the river in this area. At the foot of the hill by the Thames is Ali's Pond Local Nature Reserve, a nature reserve laid out with paths and large ponds in 1997.
The UK headquarters of two major software companies, Microsoft and Oracle Corporation are also located here on the Thames Valley Park business park.
# Gallup Creek

Gallup Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
Gallup Creek has the name of Henry Gallup, a local pioneer.
# Henry Branch

Henry Branch is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
The stream was named after Henry Perry, a pioneer settler.