OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Avigdor Levontin

Avigdor Victor Levontin (Hebrew: אביגדור לבונטין; 17 June 1922 – 5 January 2016) was an Israeli lawyer.

## Biography

Avigodr Levontin earned a Doctor of Juridical Science (Ph. D.) degree from Harvard University.

## Academic and legal career

He was the editor in chief of The Israel Law Review when it was established in January 1966. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and an expert in international law. He served as Dean of the Faculty of Law at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and was described by Life magazine as a "prominent" professor. He also served on Israel's delegation at the United Nations.

## Published works
### Books

* Choice of law and conflict of laws, Avigdor Victor Levontin, Brill Archive, ISBN 90-286-0026-4, 1976
* The myth of international security : a juridical and critical analysis, Avigdor Victor Levontin, Magnes Press, 1957
* Mishpat benleʼumi peraṭi u-vendati, Avigdor Levontin, Mifʻal ha-shikhpul, Histadrut ha-sṭudenṭim shel ha-Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit, 1957

### Articles

* "Jewish and Democratic – Personal Reflections", Avigdor Levontin, 19 Tel Aviv University Law Review 521, 1994–95
# Pavel Friedmann

Morgan Friedmann (7 January 1921 – 29 September 1944) was a Jewish Czechoslovak poet who was murdered in the Holocaust. He received posthumous fame for his poem "The Butterfly"

## Biography

Friedmann was born in Prague. Little is known about his early life. When he was 21, the occupying German authorities had him transported from Prague to Theresienstadt concentration camp, in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín (German name Theresienstadt), in what is now the Czech Republic. His arrival was recorded on 28 April 1942.
On 4 June 1942 he wrote the poem "The Butterfly" on a piece of thin copy paper. Several of his poems were discovered after the liberation of Czechoslovakia and subsequently donated to the State Jewish Museum (now the Jewish Museum in Prague).
On 29 September 1944 he was deported to Auschwitz concentration camp, where he was murdered.

## The Butterfly

The text of The Butterfly was discovered at Theresienstadt after the concentration camp was liberated. It has been included in collections of children’s literature from the Holocaust era, most notably the anthology I Never Saw Another Butterfly, first published by Hana Volavková and Jiří Weil in 1959. The poem also inspired the Butterfly Project of the Holocaust Museum Houston, an exhibition where 1.5 million paper butterflies were created to symbolize the same number of children who were murdered in the Holocaust. The Butterfly has inspired many works of art that remember the children of the Holocaust, including a song cycle and a play.
The Butterfly (English translation)
    The last, the very last,
    So richly, brightly, dazzlingly yellow.
    Perhaps if the sun's tears would sing
       against a white stone. . . .
    Such, such a yellow
    Is carried lightly 'way up high.
    It went away I'm sure because it wished to
       kiss the world good-bye.
    For seven weeks I've lived in here,
    Penned up inside this ghetto.
    But I have found what I love here.
    The dandelions call to me
    And the white chestnut branches in the court.
    Only I never saw another butterfly.
    That butterfly was the last one.
    Butterflies don't live in here,
       in the ghetto.
# UC Berkeley School of Social Welfare

The School of Social Welfare of the University of California, Berkeley, was established June 1, 1944 and is located in Haviland Hall on the UC Berkeley campus. Its focus is to prepare graduates to become agents of social change through direct practice, agency management, policymaking, and leading new discoveries that address the grand challenges confronting society. Berkeley Social Welfare offers the Bachelor of Arts in Social Welfare through the College of Letters and Science (L&S), the M.S.W., and the Ph.D.

## History

Social welfare as a field of study was originally located in the Economics Department and was called "social economics".
Professor Jessica Blanche Peixotto, the second woman to earn at Ph.D. at Berkeley, was hired in 1904 to teach courses in sociology and by 1912 had shaped a curriculum in social economics focused on the poor. Peixotto became the first woman at Berkeley to achieve tenured faculty status in 1918. Along with her colleagues, Lucy Ward Stebbins and Emily Noble Plehn, they developed a graduate-level curriculum in social work that same year.
By 1927 these courses led to certificates in child and family services and in medical social work. An independent Department of Social Welfare was established in 1939 and the certificates were replaced with a professional Master of Arts degree in 1942. Professor Harry Cassidy, the Public Welfare Director for British Columbia became the first Dean of the new School of Social Welfare in 1944. He insisted the program be called "social welfare" to encompass more than social work.

## Students

Undergraduates majoring in social welfare are enrolled in the College of Letters and Science (L&S), while the upper-division major is administered by the School of Social Welfare. Social welfare is an undergraduate major in L&S.
There are approximately 27 doctoral and 197 master's students in the School. At the graduate level, Berkeley Social Welfare offers: a full-time, two year M.S.W. program; a part-time, three year M.S.W. program; a part-time, advanced standing, one year M.S.W. program; a concurrent, three year M.S.W./M.P.H. program; a concurrent, three year M.S.W./M.P.P. program; a concurrent, four year M.S.W/J.D. program; a combined M.S.W./Ph.D. program, and a Ph.D. program.
The School of Social Welfare maintains these research units:
* The California Child Welfare Indicators Project
* The Digital Health & Access Equity Lab
* Risk Resilience Research Lab
* The Sexual Health & Reproductive Equity Program
* The Center for the Advanced Study of Aging Services
* The Center for Comparative Family Welfare and Poverty Research
* The Mack Center on Nonprofit & Public Sector Management
* The Mental Health and Social Welfare Research Group

## Rankings and reputation

As of 2024, it is ranked tied for 4th out of 319 schools for social work in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.
# Moffatt-Ladd House

The Moffatt-Ladd House, also known as the William Whipple House, is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States. The 1763 Georgian house was the home of William Whipple (1730–1785), a Founding Father, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and Revolutionary War general. The house is now owned by the National Society of Colonial Dames in New Hampshire, and is open to the public.
Among the contents are Whipple's sword and other personal items, along with a portrait of him. Outside is a horse chestnut tree that Whipple planted in 1776 with seeds that he brought back from Philadelphia. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1968.

## Description

The house is an imposing three-story wood-frame structure, set on a rise overlooking the old part of Portsmouth Harbor. It is roughly square, measuring about 42 feet (13 m) on each side, with a hip roof. The exterior is covered in wood clapboards, with quoins at the corners. There are three chimneys, located at the sides of the house. The main facade is five bays wide; its windows on the first two levels are topped by segmented arch pediments, while the third level windows, which are smaller, butt against the roof cornice in Federal style. The roof topped by a flat widow's walk surrounded by a low balustrade with urn finials. The urn finials also appear on the fence that sets the house off from the street. The property includes a small office building dating to 1810.

## History

The house was built in 1763 by John Moffatt, one of the wealthiest men in colonial New Hampshire, and given to his son Samuel as a wedding present the following year. The elder Moffatt repurchased the house from his son in 1768, and lived there with his daughter Catherine and her husband, Wiliam Whipple, until his death in 1785. The property was entailed by Moffatt to Samuel's descendants, who acquired control of the property after legal disputes in 1818. The house passed the following year to Maria Tufton Haven Ladd, one of Samuel's granddaughters.
Maria Ladd's son Alexander Hamilton Ladd occupied the house until his death in 1900, and was responsible for establishing the property's fine gardens. His children donated the house to the National Society of Colonial Dames in New Hampshire in 1911.
The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1968, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Photo gallery

* 1915 postcard
* 1905 photo of the Moffatt-Ladd House
# Giulio Racah

Giulio (Yoel) Racah (Hebrew: ג'וליו (יואל) רקח; February 9, 1909 – August 28, 1965) was an Italian–Israeli physicist and mathematician. He was Acting President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1961 to 1962.
The crater Racah on the Moon is named after him.

## Biography

Giulio (Yoel) Racah was born in Florence, Italy. On his mother's side, Racah's family claimed to trace its ancestry in Italy back to the destruction of the Second Temple. He earned his Doctorate from the University of Florence in 1930, and continued his studies at Rome with Enrico Fermi.
In 1939, due to application of Anti-Jewish laws in Italy, Racah emigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine. In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Racah served as deputy commander of the Israeli forces defending Mount Scopus.
Racah died at the age of 56, apparently asphyxiated by gas from a faulty heater while visiting Florence.

## Academic and scientific career

In 1937 Racah was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of Pisa. In 1939, after his move to Palestine, he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, He later became Dean of the Faculty of Sciences and finally Rector and acting president from 1961 to 1962, following Benjamin Mazar and succeeded by Eliahu Eilat. The physics institute at the Hebrew University is named "The Racah Institute of Physics".
Racah's research was mainly in the fields of quantum physics and atomic spectroscopy. He first devised a systematic general procedure for classifying the energy levels of open shell atoms, which remains to this day the accepted technique for practical calculations of atomic structure. This formalism was described in a monograph coauthored by his cousin Ugo Fano (Irreducible Tensorial Sets, 1959).

## Awards and recognition

In 1958, Racah was awarded the Israel Prize in exact sciences.
# Dharmasoka

Dharmashoka (Sinhala: ධර්මාශෝක) was an infant King of Polonnaruwa in the thirteenth century, who ruled from 1208 to 1209. He was three months old and installed as king by General Ayasmantha succeeding Kalyanavati as king of Polonnaruwa and was succeeded by his father Anikanga.
# Chloe Esposito

Chloe Esposito OAM (born 19 September 1991) is an Australian shooter and modern pentathlon competitor. She competed at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games in the 10 m air pistol. She represented Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics, London, in the modern pentathlon and won the gold medal in the same event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Rio de Janeiro.

## Personal life

Esposito was born on 19 September 1991 in Camden, New South Wales. She is from and lives in the Sydney area. She attended St Francis Xavier (NSW, Australia) before going to Mount Saint Joseph for high school. She competed at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games in the 10 m air pistol. During June 2012, she visited Palmerston District Primary School where she discussed the five sports of the modern pentathlon, swimming, running, shooting, fencing and horse riding, with students.
Her father is Daniel Esposito, an Olympic competitor in the modern pentathlon at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Her brother, Max Esposito also competed in the modern pentathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Her sister, Emily Esposito, represented Australia in pistol shooting at the 2010 Singapore Youth Olympics.
Esposito is 166 centimetres (65 in) tall and weighs 55 kilograms (121 lb).
In January 2020, Esposito announced that she was expecting her first child. This means she would not have been able to defend her pentathlon gold Medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. However, the delay of the Games to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic meant that she could have had the opportunity to participate. She decided not to, allowing Marina Carrier to take her place.

## Modern pentathlon

Esposito is a modern pentathlon competitor. She tried to make the Australian modern pentathlon team for the 2008 Summer Olympics, the youngest Australian woman ever to try, by competing at the Oceania Championships. At World Cup events early in 2012, she finished third and fifth overall. In May 2012, she finished eighth in the final World Cup event in China.
Esposito was selected to represent Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the modern pentathlon. She set a goal of trying to medal in the sport as Australia had not medalled in the sport going into the 2012 Games. Going into the 2012 Olympic Games, she was ranked eleventh in the world, improving from a rank of thirteen a month earlier. She earned her Olympic spot after she finished as the top ranking competitor from Oceania in the 2012 Asia/Oceania Championship. Esposito finished 7th at the 2012 Summer Olympics, making her the first Australian modern pentathlete to finish in the top 10 at the Olympics since 1964.
Esposito also represented Australia at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Coming into the final event (running and shooting combined) she was 7th and overcame a 45-second handicap to win the gold medal, setting a new Olympic record of 1372 points.

## Recognition

* 2016 - ABC Sports Personality of the Year at the Australian Institute of Sport Performance Awards
* 2017 - Order of Australia Medal
# King Mu of Chu

King Mu of Chu (Chinese: 楚穆王; pinyin: Chǔ Mù Wáng), personal name Xiong Shangchen, was from 625 BC to 614 BC the king of the Chu state.
King Mu was a son of King Cheng and was the original crown prince. In 626 BC, King Cheng tried to make his other son, Xiong Zhi (熊職), the new crown prince on the advice of his wife, Zheng Mao. When King Mu learned of his father's plan, he surrounded the palace with his soldiers and forced King Cheng to hang himself. King Mu then ascended the throne.
He was succeeded by his son, King Zhuang.
# Lawrence Patrick

Lawrence Patrick (1920 – April 30, 2006) may well be considered one of the fathers of the crash test dummy. Between 1960 and 1975, while a biomechanics professor at Detroit's Wayne State University, Patrick described his work by saying "I was a human crash-test dummy". Patrick allowed himself to be subject to over 400 rocket sled rides, crushing blows to the head and body, and other forms of physical abuse in an effort to develop a body of data on how the human body responded in a vehicle accident. One of his students, Harold Mertz, went on to develop Hybrid III, the current worldwide standard crash test dummy. Lawrence also subjected himself to a 50 pound pendulum to the breast plate to test the effects of a steering column on a human. Lawrence died of Parkinson's disease on April 30, 2006, at the age of 85.
# 1996–97 Austrian Hockey League season

The 1996–97 Austrian Hockey League season was the 67th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Six teams participated in the league, and VEU Feldkirch won the championship. EC KAC, EC VSV, and VEU Feldkirch all received byes until the playoffs, as they were also competing in the Alpenliga.

## Regular season

| Place | Team | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| 1 | EC Kapfenberg | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 20:13 | 6 |
| 2 | CE Wien | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 29:14 | 6 |
| 3 | EC Graz | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14:36 | 0 |

## Playoffs

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | VEU Feldkirch | 4 | | | |
| 4 | EC Kapfenberg | 1 | | | |
| 4 | EC Kapfenberg | 1 | 1 | VEU Feldkirch | 4 |
| | | | 3 | EC KAC | 2 |
| 2 | EC VSV | 2 | 3 | EC KAC | 2 |
| 3 | EC KAC | 4 | | | |
# 2018 Koblenz Open

The 2018 Koblenz Open was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Koblenz, Germany between 16 and 21 January 2018.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RUS | Andrey Kuznetsov | 104 | 1 |
| ITA | Marco Cecchinato | 106 | 2 |
| UKR | Sergiy Stakhovsky | 122 | 3 |
| GER | Oscar Otte | 133 | 4 |
| GER | Yannick Maden | 146 | 5 |
| FRA | Kenny de Schepper | 154 | 6 |
| SVK | Andrej Martin | 159 | 7 |
| ESP | Tommy Robredo | 163 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 8 January 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Jan Choinski
* Benjamin Hassan
* Marvin Möller
* Mats Moraing
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Ilya Ivashka
* Tommy Robredo
* Sergiy Stakhovsky
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Joris De Loore
* Christopher Heyman
* Filip Horanský
* Mikael Ymer

## Champions
### Singles

* Mats Moraing def. Kenny de Schepper 6–2, 6–1.

### Doubles

* Romain Arneodo / Tristan-Samuel Weissborn def. Sander Arends / Antonio Šančić 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 7–5, [10–6].
# Uralosuchus

Uralosuchus is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Late Permian of Russia, belonging to the group Archegosauroidea. It is a member of the archegosauroidean subfamily Melosaurinae. Fossils have been found in Orenburg Oblast. Uralosuchus was named in 1993 with the description of the type species U. tverdochlebovae.

## Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram modified from Ruta et al. (2007) showing the relationship of Uralosuchus to other archegosauroids:
# Tree (musician)

Keith Barry (born 1963 or 1964) known professionally as Tree, is an American musician and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known as a past touring member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, and for having appeared on several albums released by the band. He is also a member of the funk band Mandrill. He has collaborated with groups including Gov't Mule and Thelonious Monster. Tree is the co-founder and former dean of the Silverlake Conservatory of Music.

## Early life

Tree was a native of New York City. He lived with his mother and sister in Far Rockaway before the family relocated to rural New Jersey. At the age of 12, Tree moved in with his father who lived in Los Angeles.
Tree attended Bancroft Middle School and Fairfax High School. In junior high, he met Flea, and the two remained friends throughout high school. He started using the name Tree during a ski trip with Flea and Anthony Kiedis.
Tree was a prodigious music student. He was drawn to the viola after meeting Novi Novog, and was later taught by Norman Botnick. Although viola was his preferred instrument, he sought to learn a new instrument each semester of band.
After high school, Tree attended the Berklee College of Music. He dropped out to move back to New York City.

## Career

Tree returned to Los Angeles. He was around for the formation of the Red Hot Chili Peppers by his old classmates, and claims he came up with the band's name. He is credited with playing viola and arranging horns on their first album, The Red Hot Chili Peppers. Tree returned to the band in 1989, playing tenor saxophone on the album Mother's Milk. Tree joined on the Mother's Milk Tour and the band played as a quintet.
Tree worked as a music teacher. In 2001, Flea and Tree co founded the Silverlake Conservatory of Music, where Tree served as the Conservatory's dean. Tree, a noted instrumentalist, taught many of the classes himself. In 2004, the Los Angeles Times called him "a master of nearly every instrument".
Tree is a believer in the car-free movement. He relocated to Humboldt County in 2019 citing increasingly dangerous conditions for cyclists in Los Angeles. That year, Tree joined the All Seasons Orchestra of Arcata, California on viola. In 2020, he retired from teaching at Silverlake.

## Partial discography
### Solo

* Blew Year's Proposition (1995 album)

### Collaborations
#### Red Hot Chili Peppers

* The Red Hot Chili Peppers (1984 album), selected tracks
* Mother's Milk (1989 album): tenor saxophone on "Subway to Venus" and "Sexy Mexican Maid"
* One Hot Minute (1995 album): violin on "Tearjerker"

#### Thelonius Monster

* Baby...You're Bummin' My Life out in a Supreme Fashion (1986 album), selected tracks
* Next Saturday Afternoon (1987 album), selected tracks
* Stormy Weather, (1989 album), selected tracks

#### Other

* The Deep End, Volume 1, Gov't Mule (2001 album): tenor sax on "Down and Out in New York City"
* Helen Burns, Flea (2012 EP): harmonica on "Lovelovelove"
* Back In Town, Mandrill (2019)
# Jesse Clayson

Jesse Alec Maynard Clayson (12 June 1905 – 21 August 1971) was an Anglican priest: he was the archdeacon of Croydon from 1957 to 1967; and an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen from 1965.
Clayson was educated at Dover Grammar School and King's College London and ordained in 1935. After a curacy at St Stephen, Norbury he was a Royal Naval chaplain aboard HMS Newcastle, then vicar of Holy Trinity, Dover. He was vicar of St Stephen, Norbury from 1940 to 1945 and then secretary to the Canterbury Diocesan Board of Finance from 1945 to 1967.
# Feese

Feese is a German-language surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Blake Feese (born 1982), American auto racing driver
* Brett Feese (born 1954), American politician from Pennsylvania
# Bryce Lindores

Bryce Lindores (born 12 September 1986) is an Australian Paralympic tandem cyclist.

## Personal

Lindores was born on the Gold Coast and attended Somerset College. He played rugby, tennis and touch football when he was young. He became blind six days before his eighteenth birthday due to an accident in which a towing rope snapped while he was towing a car with his ute. He lives in the Gold Coast suburb of Mermaid Beach in the subdivision of Nobby beach. In 2009, he climbed Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.

## Career

Lindores began cycling in 2006, two years after the accident that took his sight. Six months later, he won a bronze medal riding with pilot Steve Storer at the 2006 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Aigle, Switzerland and was awarded the 2006 Queensland Tandem Cyclist of the Year. He won a bronze medal at the 2008 Beijing Games in the Men's Individual Pursuit B VI 1–3 event with his pilot Steven George; the pair took six seconds off their personal best. He won a road racing gold medal at the 2010 Road World Cup. In 2011, his pilot was Sean Finning; that year he won a bronze medal in the 4 km individual pursuit at the 2011 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships and a gold and silver medal in road events at the national championships. In 2012 he won a gold medal at the UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in the men's tandem 4 km pursuit with his pilot Scott McPhee in their first competition together; his usual pilot, former world champion Mark Jamieson, could not attend the competition. He competed with Sean Finning at the 2012 London Paralympics and they won the silver medal in the Men's individual pursuit B . Lindores was due to ride with Jamieson, but Jamieson was denied a visa to enter England due to a criminal record.