OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vorstadt (Königsberg)

Vorstadt ("suburb" in German) was a quarter of southern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Moskovsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

## History

In 1329 the Teutonic Knights granted land on the southern shore of the Pregel River to the island town of Kneiphof primarily for constructing docks, but also for gardens, agriculture, and pastureland. The suburb which developed there, the Kneiphöfische Vorstadt, became a Freiheit district with special rights under the control of Kneiphof. Its Gerichtssiegel, or court seal, depicted a hand descending from clouds holding a weighing scale, flanked by the two hunting horns of Kneiphof. Much of Königsberg's Russian population was settled in Vorstadt.
By the Rathäusliche Reglement of 13 June 1724, King Frederick William I of Prussia merged Kneiphof and Vorstadt into the united city of Königsberg.

## Locations

Vorstadt was divided into Vordere Vorstadt bordering the Pregel to the north and Hintere Vorstadt to the south bordering Haberberg. Vordere Vorstadt was originally documented as St. Antonsvorstadt, after St. Antonshospital, in 1376. It was defended by a wall, palisades, and ditches in the year 1520 when it was threatened by Polish troops in the Horsemen's War. In 1648 it was known as Innere Vorstadt and by 1677 as Vordere Vorstadt. It often suffered from fires; a conflagration in 1811 destroyed the house where Immanuel Kant was born.
Hintere Vorstadt was developed after Vordere Vorstadt and was originally known as St. Georgsvorstadt, after St. Georgshospital. Hintere Vorstadt and St. Georgshospital were burnt during the Horsemen's War. The southern half was also known as Äussere Vorstadt. The common name of Hintere Vorstadt was documented in 1726.
The avenue Vorstädtische Langgasse ran from Haberberg Church north through Vorstadt before becoming the Kneiphöfische Langgasse in Kneiphof. It became one of Königsberg's busiest thoroughfares with the opening of the nearby Hauptbahnhof in 1929. The quarter also contained the Vorstadt Oberrealschule.
In 1753 King Frederick II of Prussia allowed the city's Jews to build a Hasidic synagogue on Vordere Vorstadt's Schnürlingsdamm, which was completed in 1756. Although the Alte Synagoge burned down in 1811, it was rebuilt on nearby Synagogenstraße and dedicated in 1815. In 1893 the Adass Jisroel, an Orthodox branch, opened their own synagoge on Synagogenstraße near the Alte Synagoge. The Liberal Neue Synagoge was opened in Lomse in the 1890s. Königsberg's synagogues were burned down during Kristallnacht in 1938.
Königsberg's stock exchange, the Börse, was located by the Pregel between the bridges Grüne Brücke and Köttelbrücke. Fort Friedrichsburg existed just west of Vordere Vorstadt from 1657 to 1910.

## Gallery

* Vordere Vorstadt
* Hintere Vorstadt
* Hintere Vorstadt with a railway building
# Pavage

Pavage was a medieval toll for the maintenance or improvement of a road or street in medieval England, Wales and Ireland. The king by letters patent granted the right to collect it to an individual, or the corporation of a town, or to the "bailiffs and good men" of a neighbouring village.
Pavage grants can be divided into two classes:
* Urban grants to enable the streets of a town (or its marketplace) to be paved. These represent the majority of grants.
* Rural grants to enable a particular road to be repaired. These grants were mostly made in the 14th century, and largely for the great roads radiating from London, which were presumably those carrying the heaviest traffic.
The first grant was in 1249 for the Yorkshire town of Beverley, where the pavage was associated with the cult of St John of Beverley, and was ultimately made permanent. Another early one was for Shrewsbury in 1266 for paving the new marketplace, removed from the churchyard of St Alkmund and St Juliana. In 1343 the citizens of Dublin were granted pavage for five years.

## Related tolls

Other medieval tolls granted in the same way were murage (to build town walls) and pontage (to build or repair a bridge).
# Manoj Manzil

Manoj Manzil is an Indian politician from Bihar. He represented the CPIML Liberation in Tejashwi Yadav's Mahagathbandhan alliance during the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election. Manzil has concentrated his political activity in Agiaon and has been organizing the Sadak Par School Movement in Bhojpur. He received 84,777 votes, 61.51% of total vote share, and was elected as the MLA from Agiaon in 2020.

## History

Manzil was born in 1984 or 1985 to a family of landless Dalit labourers and brick kiln workers. His father was a cadre of the CPI(ML) and his uncle spent his life as part of the Jay Prakash movement.
He managed to get into college in Arrah and taught students to make ends meet but was forced to drop out several times. He eventually became a Left activist. In 2015, he contested the elections from Agiaon as a CPI(ML)-L candidate but was jailed and came in third place.
In 2018, he organized the Sadak Par School movement in Bhojpur district, where he and other cadres would teach students on the road to protest abysmal primary schooling in rural Bihar. The movement gained significant media attention and in response the government made several school reforms. In 2020, he contested the elections again and won a majority.

## Conviction

Manoj Manzil along with 22 others were sentenced to life imprisonment in a case relating to the murder of JP Singh during the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
# Vellore A. R. Srinivasan

Vellore A. R. Srinivasan is a classical Carnatic vocalist, percussionist and a Vaggeyakara (one who composes the lyrics and music). He is presently working as a Professor of Biochemistry at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Pondicherry, one of the constituent colleges of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, a Deemed University accredited with A++ Grade by NAAC. Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute figures among the top 50 medical colleges in the country, as per India rankings 2023,https://www.nirfindia.org/2023/UniversityRanking.html and https://www.nirfindia.org/2023/MedicalRanking.html > Prof. Srinivasan is also the Registrar of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, one among the top 100 Universities in India, as per NIRF 2023 {https://www.nirfindia.org/2023/UniversityRanking.html}.

## Education

He had his undergraduate education at Voorhees College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India and obtained a first class degree in Chemistry in 1982. He received the Madras University topper award in M. Sc. Biochemistry (Faculty of Medicine), having studied at Christian Medical College, Vellore. He received his Ph.D. degree in Biochemistry from Mysore University in 2000, following doctoral thesis work carried out at the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. Srinivasan is one of the inventors of a patent for "A process for the preparation of intracellular Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme".

## Music

Vellore Srinivasan is basically a self-taught musician who had very little formal training in classical music: However, much later in his life, during his college days he received lessons in Carnatic vocal from the Vidwans:- Sri Sembiakudi Janakiraman, Sri M.R.Srinivasan and Sri Bellary M.Ragavendra. Srinivasan also learnt the art of playing percussion instruments only during his college days from (Late) Vidwan Vellore C.M.Kuttiappa. For a brief period and during his late 40s, he received training from the well known Mridangam Guru Tiruvarur Sri R.Krishnamoorthy.
Multifaceted musician: Vellore Srinivasan has performed for temples and educational institutions. As a percussionist, he plays the kanjira and morsing. He has composed over 2500 songs in the Classical carnatic genre that include compositions on several deities of the Hindu pantheon (https://www.youtube.com/user/utubevellorears ; https://www.facebook.com/vellorears/) . He has composed songs on the religious philosophers and seers of India.
He has received awards and titles which include Nadayoga Shironmani, instituted by YOGNAT. He is included in the Musicians’ Diary/Directory for his work in Carnatic vocals, along with his percussion skills.
# Expurse of Sodomy

Expurse of Sodomy is an EP released by German thrash metal band Sodom. Some copies were released on picture disc and limited edition in clear vinyl. The song "Sodomy & Lust" has been covered by Cradle of Filth, Exhumed, and Epilepsia.

## Personnel

* Tom Angelripper – bass, vocals
* Frank Blackfire – guitar
* Chris Witchhunter– drums
# Fetch (game)

Fetch is a pet game where an object, such as a stick or ball, is thrown a moderate distance away from the animal, and it is the animal's objective to grab and retrieve ("fetch") it. Many times, the owner of the animal will say "Fetch" to the animal before or after throwing the object. The game is usually played with a dog, but, in rare instances, cats (especially kittens) have been known to engage in fetch behavior.

## Mathematics of fetch

Arizona State psychology professor Michael McBeath has proposed a simple model to explain how dogs play fetch. By mounting a camera on the head of a dog, he found that the dog changed its speed and direction in order to keep the frisbee's image in a constant position on its retina. This approach, called the linear optical trajectory, makes the frisbee appear to move in a linear path at a constant speed. McBeath had previously noticed this interception strategy in professional baseball players pursuing fly balls.
Tim Pennings, a mathematics professor at Hope College, has found that dogs are somehow able to calculate the optimal path to a ball thrown in the water. While playing Fetch with his Welsh Corgi, he noticed that the dog ran along the beach for a certain distance before jumping into the water. Because the dog is faster on land, this technique minimizes the total retrieval time. He showed that the dog is able to calculate the optimal point to jump into the water, a problem Pennings must resort to calculus to solve.
Perruchet and Gallego have demonstrated a method for calculating this optimal path using calculus in a different way. They propose that the dog optimizes its behaviour on a moment-to-moment basis, choosing at each moment the path that allows it to maximize its speed of approach to the ball. This requires the dog to be able to accurately estimate its speed on both land and water, but does not rely on the premise that the dog plans the entire route in advance.
# Peter Lantos

Peter Laszlo Lantos BEM FMedSci (born 1939) is a British scientist and author of Hungarian Jewish origin. After surviving the Holocaust, he went on to undertake medical studies. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1968 where he worked as a medical researcher, specialising in neurodegenerative diseases. In retirement, he has published books for both adults and children relating to his experience of the Holocaust and he is involved in Holocaust education.

## Biography

He was born in Makó in southeast Hungary. In 1944, when Peter was five, his family were deported to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp because of the Holocaust. At the concentration camp, the Nazis murdered his father through grueling forced labor. Peter and his mother were sent back to Hungary on a train that was meant to go to a death camp, meaning they were free from the Holocaust but 21 members of his family had died, including his older brother Gyuri, like him a talented mathematician. He completed his medical studies in Hungary before moving to the UK in 1968 for further education and research.
Lantos decided to remain in the UK permanently and was sentenced to prison in absentia by the Hungarian authorities for his defection. As a result he would not be able to visit his homeland until the fall of Communism in 1989. As a medical researcher, Lantos published more than 500 scientific articles, in addition to numerous textbooks. He worked variously at the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, the Middlesex Hospital, and the Maudsley Hospital, London. He is especially well known for his research on neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. The Papp–Lantos inclusion is named after him. In recognition of his achievements, he was elected Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2001. At the time of his election, he was Professor of Neuropathology at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, and he is professor emeritus in retirement.
As an author, Lantos was lauded for his Holocaust memoir called Parallel Lines (Arcadia, 2007). His debut novel Closed Horizon was published in 2012 and a book aimed at younger readers that recounted his time in Bergen-Belsen, The Boy Who Didn't Want to Die, was published in 2023. His decision to write for children, having previously written for adults, was to ensure they would know what had happened and understand why it had happened.
Lantos was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to Holocaust education and awareness.
# Jógvan Martin Olsen

Jógvan Martin Olsen (born 10 July 1961) is a Faroese football manager and former player who is the manager of ÍF Fuglafjørður since October 2015. He was the head coach of the Faroe Islands national team.

## Playing career

Olsen was born in Toftir, Faroe Islands. A midfielder, played with B68 Toftir from 1978 to 1993 and again from 1996 to 1997 and for LÍF Leirvík 1994 and 1995. Three times Olsen won the national Faroese championship with B68 Toftir: 1984, 1985 and 1992.

## Managerial career

Olsen was the assistant coach of the Faroe Islands national team during the reign of Allan Simonsen and Henrik Larsen (both from Denmark) in the period 1996–2005. From 2002 to 2004 he was also the manager of NSÍ Runavík. In 2005 Olsen was named new head coach of the Faroe Islands national team. He resigned on 29 September 2008.
In 2013 Olsen announced that he would step down as coach at the end of the season and have a year off from football. In October 2015 he was appointed manager of ÍF Fuglafjørður.

## Managerial statistics

    As of 16 June 2016
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Faroe Islands | | 2006 | 2008 | 20 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 000.00 |
# Bele Barkarby FF

Bele Barkarby FF is a Swedish football club located in Järfälla Municipality in Stockholm County.

## Background

Bele Barkarby Idrottsförening is a sports club based in Järfälla that provides for the sports of football, floorball, ice hockey and gymnastics. The club was formed on 1 January 2002 following the amalgamation of IK Bele and Barkarby SK. The football section is known as Bele Barkarby Fotbollförening.
Since their foundation Bele Barkarby FF has participated mainly in the lower divisions of the Swedish football league system. The club currently plays in Division 3 Norra Svealand which is the fifth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Veddestavallen in Järfälla Municipality.
Bele Barkarby FF are affiliated to Stockholms Fotbollförbund.

## Recent history

In recent seasons Bele Barkarby FF have competed in the following divisions:
2011 – Division 3 Norra Svealand 2010 – Division 4 Stockholm Norra 2009 – Division 4 Stockholm Norra 2008 – Division 5 Stockholm Norra 2007 – Division 5 Stockholm Norra 2006 – Division 4 Stockholm Norra 2005 – Division 4 Stockholm Norra 2004 – Division 5 Stockholm Norra 2003 – Division 5 Stockholm Norra 2002 – Division 4 Stockholm Norra

## Attendances

In recent seasons Bele Barkarby FF have had the following average attendances:
| Season | Average Attendance | Division / Section | Level |
| 2009 | Not available | Div 4 Stockholm Norra | Tier 6 |
| 2010 | | Div 4 Stockholm Norra | Tier 6 |

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Bele Barkarby FF – Fotboll Klubb". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
* ↑ "Historia Bele Barkarby FF". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
* ↑ "Norra Svealand - Division 3 – 2011 – Fotboll – everysport.com". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
* ↑ "Tabell och resultat – Div 3 Norra Svealand, herrar – Svenskfotboll.se". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
* ↑ "Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar – Bele Barkarby FF – Svenskfotboll.se". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
* ↑ "GAIS – Lagfacta – Bele Barkarby FF". Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
* ↑ "Bele Barkarby FF – Fotboll – everysport.com". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
* ↑ "Sweden Final Tables – Clas Glenning". Archived from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
* ↑ "Kontaktuppgifter och tävlingar – Svenska Fotbollförbundet – svenskfotboll.se". Retrieved 27 January 2011.
# Hannes Lindemann

Hannes Lindemann (28 December 1922 – 17 April 2015) was a German doctor, navigator and sailor. He made two solo transatlantic crossings, one in a sailing dugout canoe made while working in Liberia and the second in a 17-foot Klepper Aerius II double folding kayak, modified to carry two masts and an outrigger. His book Alone at Sea documents the trips, which were totally unassisted. He was motivated to make the trips by an interest in how the human body and mind respond to survival at sea, a theme which the Kon-Tiki (1947) and Alain Bombard (1952) explored in earlier ocean voyages.
His kayak was delivered to the Canary Islands, before sailing to the Caribbean. He very rarely paddled, though used a paddle when rudders broke. He carried 154 pounds (70 kg) of supplies, much of it canned comestibles, some of which he ditched on setting out as the kayak was too heavy. He caught fish and gathered rainwater to supplement his rations. The 3,000-mile (4,800 km) crossing to Saint Maarten took him 72 days. Towards the end of that trip he encountered storms of "wind force 8, gusting to force 9" when he capsized twice during a period of hallucinations brought on by fatigue and sleep deprivation. At times he described what might be described as tantric or altered states – safe in the cocoon of his sodden kayak while storms raged around him for days. He was convinced that in a survival situation the mind gave up long before the body (or indeed the craft), and to help accomplish the second trip he trained himself in sleep deprivation as well as mentally, which he described at times as prayer, meditation, autogenic training and ingraining his sub-conscious with affirmational mottos like "I will make it" and "Keep going west".
In the light of these experiences, Lindemann concluded that Alain Bombard had been supplied with fresh water and some other food supplies on two occasions, and could not have survived on salt-water and fish, as claimed.
# Buļļu sala

Buļļu Sala (also known as Daugavgrīvas Sala) is an island in the Kurzeme District of Riga, Latvia.
# Robbie Doyle

Robbie Doyle (born 22 April 1982, Bray) is an Irish retired soccer player.

## Career

The "journeyman" started his career with Blackburn Rovers spending 3 years at the club.
He returned home to sign for his home town club Bray Wanderers in time for the 2001/02 season making his League of Ireland debut as a substitute at Tolka Park on 9 November. He made a handful of appearances at the club when Paul Doolin offered him regular first team football at UCD and so Doyle was on his way again. He scored on his debut for UCD on the first day of the 2002/03 season against Bohemians and his performances that season impressed Stephen Kenny enough to offer him a move to Bohemians at the end of the season. Doyle made a decent start to life at Dalymount and played in all of Bohs' four 2003–04 UEFA Champions League qualifiers but he fell out with Kenny and in mid-2004, he returned once again to St Patrick's Athletic. He has since played for Bray Wanderers (again) and Macclesfield Town.
On 4 July 2007, Doyle agreed to sign for Dundalk from Macclesfield Town. He was released at the end of the 2007 season by Dundalk and signed for Sporting Fingal F.C. at the start of the 2008 season and ended the season as First Division top scorer. Fingal achieved promotion to the Premier Division in 2009 and better was to come as Fingal and Doyle won the FAI Cup when beating Sligo Rovers 2–1 at Tallaght Stadium.
On 4 March 2010 he re-signed for Bray Wanderers. In his three spells at his hometown club Doyle scored 5 goals in 59 total appearances.

## International career

He has also represented Ireland at Under-15, Under-16, Under-17, Under-18 and Under-21 levels. He got his only U21 cap in Finland in 2002.
Playing for Ardmore Rovers he was part of the team that won the Nordic Cup in August 1998 scoring the winner against Iceland and Norway. Then scoring the opening goal in the final win over England.
He scored twice against France while playing for Ireland Under 17s.

## Personal life

In April 2005 Doyle's older brother Richie died suddenly of Sudden unexpected death syndrome.
From 2011, he has been used in various advertising campaigns nationwide as a male model, featuring heavily in BMW's ad for Winter 2011. He currently resides in the seaside village of Greystones, County Wicklow, living with his wife Nikki and their daughter Nahla. Since his modelling and football days, he is now known as a very talented singer songwriter.

## Honours

* FAI Cup:
** Sporting Fingal – 2009
# Taquari

Taquari is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

## Climate

Climate data for Taquari (1976–2005) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.4 (97.5) | 35.7 (96.3) | 34.9 (94.8) | 32.2 (90.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.9 (84.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 31.3 (88.3) | 33.3 (91.9) | 34.9 (94.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 36.4 (97.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.0 (86.0) | 28.7 (83.7) | 25.3 (77.5) | 22.0 (71.6) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.3 (66.7) | 20.4 (68.7) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.0 (80.6) | 29.3 (84.7) | 24.9 (76.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 20.1 (68.2) | 16.8 (62.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 14.5 (58.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.6 (74.5) | 19.6 (67.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.2 (64.8) | 14.9 (58.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 9.7 (49.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11.8 (53.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 15.8 (60.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 14.4 (57.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) | 13.9 (57.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | 1.3 (34.3) | 1.1 (34.0) | 2.3 (36.1) | 4.0 (39.2) | 7.0 (44.6) | 9.4 (48.9) | 12.0 (53.6) | 1.1 (34.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 148 (5.8) | 127 (5.0) | 118 (4.6) | 116 (4.6) | 117 (4.6) | 124 (4.9) | 149 (5.9) | 123 (4.8) | 149 (5.9) | 179 (7.0) | 131 (5.2) | 135 (5.3) | 1,616 (63.6) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 79 | 81 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 79 | 75 | 74 | 81 |
| Source 1: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Climatempo (precipitation) ||||||||||||||