OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Józef Tischner

Józef Stanisław Tischner (12 March 1931 – 28 June 2000) was a Polish priest and philosopher. The first chaplain of the trade union, "Solidarity" (Polish Solidarność).

## Life

Tischner was born in Stary Sącz to a Góral family and grew up in the village Łopuszna in the south east of Poland. He studied at Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In the 1970s he became an important writer of the opposition movement against the socialist government of the People's Republic of Poland. In 1980s he was considered the semi-official chaplain of the Solidarity movement, and was praised by Pope John Paul II.
After the fall of communism in 1989, he continued preaching the importance of ethics in the new capitalist Poland. In September 1999, Tischner received the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's highest decoration.
Tischner remains a controversial figure in Poland. He frequently criticized Polish religiousness by calling it as flat (shallow) as a pancake, he also accused the Polish clergy of being extremely conservative, engaged in politics and antisemitism.
Tischner was involved in politics, he supported the Liberal Democratic Congress, then was a member of the program council of the Freedom Union. Tischner also cooperated on scientific ground with Jarosław Gowin.
Józef Tischner was an author of the Catholic Weekly, a liberal Catholic, and Christian democratic newspaper.
Tischner was also member of Związek Podhalański, an organisation of Gorals from Podhale.
Fellow of Collegium Invisibile as a professor of philosophy. He died in Kraków on 28 June 2000.

## Philosophy

Tischner, in The Decline of Thomistic Christianity (1970), challenged the philosophical primacy of Thomism, accusing it of closing philosophy in one right direction and thus obscuring Revelation. Tischner believed that philosophy was independent and, although imbued with the spirit of Christianity in many respects, could not be reduced to it.
In articles collected in the books Unhappy Gift of Freedom (1993), In the Land of Ill Imagination (1997) and Priest on the Wanderings (1999), he expressed his views on the issue of building a new social, political and ethical order.

## Selected publications

Tischner wrote and published more than 600 articles and books.
His main works, in which he explained his original philosophical concepts, are:
* The Decline of Thomistic Christianity (Schyłek chrześcijaństwa tomistycznego) (1970)
* Unhappy Gift of Freedom (Nieszczęsny dar wolności) (1993)
* Land of Ill Imagination (W krainie schorowanej wyobraźni) (1997)
* Priest on the Wanderings (Ksiądz na manowcach) (1999)
* The Philosophy of Drama (Filozofia dramatu) (1998)
* The Controversy over Human Existence (Spór o istnienie człowieka) (1998)
Most notable among his Góral themed works is:
* A Goral History of Philosophy (Historia filozofii po góralsku) (1997)
# Leslie Black

Leslie Waughop Black sometimes shortened to Les Black (23 January 1900 – 10 November 1974) was a Canadian boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics and got 4th place. He later became an orthopedic surgeon and retired at age 70 after suffering a stroke.
# Biles Creek (Delaware River tributary)

Biles Creek is a tributary of the Delaware River in Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Named for William Biles, who purchased the island later known as Biles Island, consisting of 309 acres (125 ha). Biles arrived in Bucks County on 12 June 1679, three years before the arrival of William Penn.

## Statistics

The Geographic Name Information System I.D. is 1169615, U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey I.D. is 02938. Biles Creek drains a watershed of 0.25 square miles (0.65 km$^2$), and meets it confluence at the Delaware's 130.55 river mile.

## Municipalities

* Falls Township
# Anthony Cuff

Anthony Cuff (born 26 December 1957) is a New Zealand former cyclist. He won the Tour of Southland in 1980. He competed in the individual pursuit and team pursuit events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Borovë massacre

The Borovë massacre occurred on July 6, 1943, in the village of Borovë, during the Second World War in southeastern Albania. German forces killed 107 civilians as a reprisal for a Partisan attack on a German convoy in the village of Barmash.

## Attack on the convoy

In July 1943, Albania was still under Italian occupation. The German forces of the 98th Regiment of the First Mountain Division, then based in Montenegro following Case Black operations, were passing through Albania to regroup with the main forces in Ioannina, in Nazi-occupied Greece. They entered into the Korçë region from the Yugoslav Macedonian Skopje by way of Florine. Before they could cross back into Greek territory, they were attacked on two sides near the village of Borovë by Albanian partisans of the Albanian National Liberation Movement, led by Riza Kodheli. After the battle, which lasted for several hours, the German convoy was able to rest and then continue to its destination after Italian reinforcements joined. The Partisans may have inflicted heavy losses on the Germans, destroying most of the vehicles and military equipment and killing more than 60 men. However, these numbers may have come from the Partisans; Nazi German Major Reinhald Klebe reported four light injuries among the Axis soldiers.

## Reprisal

After the report of the attack, a German expedition was sent from Greece to the place where the attack happened. In reprisal, the German forces, armed with flamethrowers, set every house in the village on fire. The German forces massacred all the inhabitants of the village of Borovë that they could find on that day. Some of the victims were shot and killed, while many were grouped inside the village church and burned alive. The death toll amounted to 107 civilians: mostly old, children and women. The neighbouring village of Barmash, also suffered from the reprisal, with the Nazis massacring 18 civilians, before departing to Greece.

## Legacy

In 1972, the Albanian composer Thoma Gaqi wrote a symphonic poem, Borova, in commemoration of the victims.
# Tarchały Wielkie

Tarchały Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Odolanów, within Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Odolanów, 6 km (4 mi) south of Ostrów Wielkopolski, and 104 km (65 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Manette Street

Manette Street is a small street in the Soho area of London, linking the Charing Cross Road to Greek Street. Dating from the 1690s, and formerly named Rose Street, it is now named after the fictional character of Dr Manette in Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities, who is described in the book as living on a quiet street corner "not far from Soho Square".
Buildings on the street include the Pillars of Hercules pub. The House of St Barnabas has a chapel and garden facing onto Manette Street, and an entrance to The Borderline nightclub is accessed from Manette Street. The street was home to the now-demolished Foyles Building and also Goldbeater's House, which had an arm-and-hammer sign outside it, a replica of the original described by Dickens in A Tale of Two Cities.
The street was associated with anarchism in the 19th century, in particular in association with the Rose Street Club, known for its popularity with radicals of all nationalities.
# Lotus 66

The Lotus 66 is a track day car produced by Lotus Cars. The car is based on three drawings for a Can-Am racing car drawn up by Geoff Ferris of Team Lotus in 1969 but which the company did not build. The model number 66 was never allocated in period but chronologically fits in with the Lotus model numbers.
Lotus produced the model after an article in Motor Sport magazine piqued interest, with the intent of it being a celebration of the 75th anniversary of the company. The planned production run is for 10 cars, each costing over £1m.
# Herminia Borchard Dassel

Herminia Borchard Dassel (born Herminia Borchard; 1821 – December 7, 1857), also known as Hermine Dassel, was a German-American painter, notable for her portraits and genre paintings.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Dassel was born to a wealthy family in Königsberg, Prussia in 1821. Her father's job as a banker ensured her a privileged upbringing with an emphasis on education. Her father was bankrupted in 1839 and as a result her family lost their fortune, prompting Dassel to sell paintings to financially support her family. Later that year, she moved to Düsseldorf, Germany to study under Carl Sohn at the Düsseldorf School of Painting. Dassel left the Düsseldorf School of Painting in 1842 and continued to sell paintings, earning enough money so that she was able to study in Italy. There she painted a number of genre scenes, which gained her recognition throughout the United States and Europe. She was then forced to flee Italy because of the Revolution of 1848, settling in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1849.

### Career and later life

Dassel found a great deal of success upon her arrival in the United States, with her work being displayed in the American Art-Union, Boston Athenaeum, and the National Academy of Design. In June 1850, the National Academy of Design selected her to be one of the first female honorary members.
Dassel married her husband in July 1849 and had three children. She and her family moved to New York in 1850, where she earned her living by painting portraits of members of the upper classes. During this time, she used her personal art studio to become a painting instructor to girls from wealthy families in New York. In her time as a teacher, she was described as being well-liked by all and having a fervent passion for art.
Dassel painted some of her most well-known portraits on a visit to Nantucket in 1851. She took a particular interest in the remaining Native American population on the island, painting the portraits of Abram Quary and Isabella Draper. At the time, Quary was thought to be the last fully Wampanoag person living in Nantucket, and Draper was a young girl of Wampanoag descent. Dassel was also commissioned to paint astronomer Maria Mitchell's portrait while she was in Nantucket.

### Death

Dassel was reported to have been ill shortly before her death on December 7, 1857. She was buried in Greenwood, New York. After her death, Henry T. Tuckerman arranged an exhibition and sale of her work, with the profits going toward her children.

## Work

* An Italian Flower Girl, 1849
* Mrs. John Taylor Johnston (Frances Colles) and Her Daughter, c. 1850s
* Mrs. James N. Paulding (Emily Pearson), c. 1850s
* Nantucket Indian Princess (originally titled An Indian Girl), 1851 in the Rhode Island Historical Society collection
* Portrait of Abram Quary, 1851
* Portrait of Maria Mitchell, 1851
* Ann Saltonstall Seabury (Mrs. William Walton), 1856
* Ellen, Kezia and Mary Seabury, 1856
# Bills Creek (West Fork Black River tributary)

Bills Creek is a stream in Iron and Reynolds counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the West Fork of the Black River and is located in the Mark Twain National Forest.
The stream headwaters arise in southwest Iron County approximately one mile southwest of Buick at 37°35′33″N 91°08′30″W﻿ / ﻿37.59250°N 91.14167°W﻿ / 37.59250; -91.14167 at an elevation of approximately 1350 feet. The stream flows generally to the southwest into Reynolds County and continues on to the south for approximately seven miles to its confluence with the West Fork about 1.5 miles west of the community of West Fork. The confluence is at 37°29′52″N 91°08′24″W﻿ / ﻿37.49778°N 91.14000°W﻿ / 37.49778; -91.14000 at an elevation of 942 feet.
Bills Creek has the name of Bill Messer, a pioneer citizen.
# Luke Mudgway

Luke Mudgway (born 12 June 1996) is a New Zealand racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Li-Ning Star. He competed in the points race at the 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.

## Major results
### 2014

    1st Madison, UCI Junior Track World Championships (with Regan Gough)

### 2016

    3rd Overall Tour of China II
       1st Stage 3

### 2018

    1st Overall Tour of America's Dairyland (USA)
    9th Overall Joe Martin Stage Race
    10th Overall Tour of China II
    10th Gravel and Tar

### 2019

    1st Gravel and Tar

### 2020

    2nd Gravel and Tar

### 2021

    2nd Gravel and Tar Classic
    6th Overall A Travers les Hauts de France
    8th Overall New Zealand Cycle Classic
       1st Mountains classification
       1st Stage 2

### 2022

    1st Overall Grand Prix Cycliste de Gemenc
       1st Points classification
    3rd Districtenpijl - Ekeren-Deurne

### 2023

    New Zealand Cycle Classic
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 4
# Salhane railway station

Salhane is a railway station in İzmir. İZBAN operates commuter trains north to Aliağa and Menemen and south to Cumaovası and Tepeköy. Salhane opened in 2001, and was serviced by the Basmane-Aliağa Regional and the Alsancak-Çiğli Commuter Line. Service was suspended between 2006 and 2010, where the station was rebuilt. Service re-opened on December 5, 2010.

## Nearby places of interest

* İzmir Courthouse
* Folkart Towers
* Ege Perla
# Focus stealing

In computing, focus stealing is a mode error occurring when a program not in focus (e.g. minimized or operating in background) places a window in the foreground and redirects all keyboard input to that window. This is considered to be an annoyance or hazard to some users because the program may steal the focus while the user is typing, causing keystrokes to go to the newly focused window, possibly being lost or causing an unintended effect therein. This may be a few keystrokes due to reaction time, or may be more if the user's attention is not on the computer screen, e.g. typing while looking at the keyboard or while reading copy to the side, or if processor lag causes a delay (sometimes of several seconds) between the focus stealing event and the newly focused window displaying on the screen.

## Security issues

Focus stealing can cause damage, as users may, while typing when their attention is away from the screen, inadvertently agree to a program doing something that causes damage. For example, when Microsoft Windows pops up the Disk Cleanup wizard, the user may "agree" to deleting files without realizing that the wizard was waiting for input. Focus stealing can also on occasion cause security breaches, for example, when a user enters a password and the typed password appears instead in a new instant-messaging window in an unmasked input field.

## Alternatives to focus stealing

There are a number of alternative methods for grabbing the attention of the user that can be used instead of focus stealing:
* Pulse the application's icon in the task bar, leaving the application in the background
* Output a message to the notification area
* Pulsate the display over scan area
* Use an audible alerting framework

## Affected systems
### X Window Managers

The following window manager systems allow focus stealing:
* compiz - configurable, and capable of passing both the launch test and the JavaScript test
* fvwm - configurable, and capable of passing or failing both the launch test and the JavaScript test
* IceWM - fails the launch test, giving focus to newly started applications
* oroboros - fails the launch test, giving focus to newly started applications

### Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows-based systems use pop-up dialogue boxes which can steal focus from the current application. On versions of Microsoft Windows prior to Windows 7, there is a user setting that will by default prevent a cooperative application from stealing focus when launching another program or popping up a new window or dialogue box. This same method does not work in Windows 7 or later.

### MacOS X

Apple MacOS X systems also switch applications from background to foreground when the background applications uses pop-up modal dialogs. Example of this behavior is Google Chrome using alert dialog, as documented in

### Web browsers

The following web browsers allow focus stealing via a this.focus JavaScript facility:
* Mozilla Firefox
* Debian Iceweasel
* Debian Iceape
* Chrome
* Chromium Edge

## Focus-stealing detection programs

Programs have been written to identify what is stealing focus.
* Process Explorer
# Octane

Octane is a hydrocarbon and also an alkane with the chemical formula C$_8$H$_{18}$, and the condensed structural formula CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_6$CH$_3$. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (commonly called iso-octane), is used as one of the standard values in the octane rating scale.
Octane is a component of gasoline and petroleum. Under standard temperature and pressure, octane is an odorless, colorless liquid. Like other short-chained alkanes with a low molecular weight, it is volatile, flammable, and toxic. Octane is 1.2 to 2 times more toxic than heptane.

## Isomers

N-octane has 23 constitutional isomers. 8 of these isomers have one stereocenter; 3 of them have two stereocenters.
Achiral Isomers:
* 2-Methylheptane
* 4-Methylheptane
* 3-Ethylhexane
* 2,2-Dimethylhexane
* 2,5-Dimethylhexane
* (meso)-3,4-Dimethylhexane
* 3,3-Dimethylhexane
* 3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane
* 3-Ethyl-3-methylpentane
* 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (i.e. iso-octane)
* 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
* 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
* 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
Chiral Isomers:
* (3R)-3-Methylheptane
* (3S)-3-Methylheptane
* (3R)-2,3-Dimethylhexane
* (3S)-2,3-Dimethylhexane
* (4R)-2,4-Dimethylhexane
* (4S)-2,4-Dimethylhexane
* (3R,4R)-3,4-Dimethylhexane
* (3S,4S)-3,4-Dimethylhexane
* (3R)-2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
* (3S)-2,2,3-Trimethylpentane

## Production and Use

In petrochemistry, octanes are not typically differentiated or purified as specific compounds. Octanes are components of particular boiling fractions.
A common route to such fractions is the alkylation reaction between iso-butane and 1-butene, which forms iso-octane.
Octane is commonly used as a solvent in paints and adhesives.
| N-octane is the octane isomer that has the longest carbon skeleton. Unlike its constitutional isomers, it has a very low knock resistance. | The octane isomer, iso-octane, is used as one of the standards for octane ratings. It has a rating of 100 by definition. | The octane isomer 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane has an octane rating exceeding 100. |
# Hongik University station

Hongik University station (Korean: 홍대입구역; Hanja: 弘大入口驛; RR: Hongdae-ipgu-yeok) is a station on Seoul Subway Line 2, AREX and the Gyeongui–Jungang Line. As its name indicates, it serves the nearby Hongik University. It was formerly known as Donggyo station, after the neighborhood that it serves.
As of December 2010, it has become a transfer station to AREX and also was connected to the Gyeongui–Jungang Line.

## Gallery

* Station concourse
* Gyeongui–Jungang Line eastbound platform
* AREX Platform
* Station sign (Line 2)

## Vicinity

The Hongdae area around the station and the university is notable for its urban street arts and indie music culture, clubs and entertainment. It also serves Incheon International Airport.

### Line 2

* Exit 4: access to the eponymous coffee shop used as filming location for 2007 Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) television drama The 1st Shop of Coffee Prince. Also, AK Plaza Hongdae is located right in front.
* Exit 6: access to Hongdae Playground Park
* Exit 9: known as a busy meeting area.
# Joe Babich

Joseph Frank Babich ONZM (10 October 1940 – 13 January 2022) was a New Zealand winemaker. He was among those involved in the transformation of the New Zealand wine industry from the 1970s.

## Biography

Born on 10 October 1940, Babich was the son of Josip Babich, who founded Babich Wines, and Mara Babich (née Grgich). He was educated at Henderson High School, and after leaving school, he began working for the family company in 1958. At that time, they produced mainly fortified wines and generic red and white wines.
Babich founded the Young Winemakers' Group, and was in the vanguard of those who worked to modernise production and raise standards in the New Zealand wine industry in the 1970s. He helped to pioneer vineyards in new areas of New Zealand, and produced one of the first chardonnays in New Zealand to be fermented and matured in barrels on its yeast lees. Babich was the firm's winemaker for 35 vintages, and took over as managing director in the mid-1990s.
Babich was active as a wine judge for 35 years until retiring from that role in 1998. He was a six-time chair of judges at the Air New Zealand Wine Awards, and also judged at the Royal Easter Show Wine Awards.
In 1994, Babich won the Winemaker of the Year Award at the Royal Easter Show Wine Awards, and at the 2013 New Zealand International Wine Show he received the Sir George Fistonich Medal for service to New Zealand wine. In the 2015 New Year Honours, Babich was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the wine industry. Later in 2015, both he and his brother, Peter, were inducted into the New Zealand Wine Hall of Fame. The following year, he was inducted into the West Auckland Business Hall of Fame.
Outside of the wine business, Babich was involved in the establishment of the Henderson High School Foundation, and provided assistance to the Waitemata Rugby Club.
Babich died on 13 January 2022, at the age of 81, and was buried at Waikumete Cemetery.
# Rico Rogers

Rico Dene Thomas Rogers (born 25 April 1978, in Palmerston North) is a retired New Zealand cyclist who last rode for Attaque Team Gusto.

## Palmares
### 2010

    1st Stages 4 & 6 Tour of China

### 2011

    1st Stage 7 Tour de Taiwan
    1st Stage 8 Tour of Qinghai Lake
    1st Stage 1 Tour of China

### 2012

    1st Grand Prix de la ville de Pérenchies

### 2013

    1st Stage 1 Tour of Thailand
    1st Stage 6 An Post Rás
    1st Stage 6 Tour of China I
    3rd Jurmala Grand Prix
    4th Riga Grand Prix
# Tokarki Drugie

Tokarki Drugie is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kazimierz Biskupi, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Tognazzini

Tognazzini is an Italian surname derived from the given name Antonio. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anthony Tognazzini (born 1969), American writer
* Bruce Tognazzini (born 1945), American consultant and designer
# Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk, Zawiercie

The Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk is a chapel located in the Krołomów borough of Zawiercie, over the source of the River Warta in Poland.

## History

An early chapel at the same location burned down due to a fire in 1790. The current chapel was built in 1803, and remained untouched until 1988, when due to the raising of the roads, the chapel was demounted, and raised one metre. After its location was decided, the chapel was rebuilt to its early form.

## Architecture

The chapel, built from brick, is in the shape of an eight-sided octagonal prism. The chapel's roof is made of sheet metal, while the chapel's tower is finished with a cross. Inside the chapel, there is an altar, where above there is a painting of St. Thecla, to the left lies a statue of St. Jacek, while on the right, there is a statue of John of Nepomuk.

### Source of the River Warta

The River Warta flows close by from the chapel. The chapel is closed on a daily basis. In 1920 and 1966, the River Warta's high water levels reached mid-height on many of the surrounding buildings in the borough.
# Michael Essex

Michael Essex (born 9 July 1985 in Ruislip, London) is a professional Rugby union player. He plays as a hooker for North Otago Rugby Football Union. He was formally player for Munster Rugby. He has played for Ireland as a schoolboy, U19 and U21 international, his father Andy Essex is a former Wasps, Metropolitan Police and Middlesex player.
# Tokary, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Tokary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ślesin, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.