OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1919 in India

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events in the year 1919 in India.

## Incumbents

* Emperor of India – George V
* Viceroy of India – Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford

## Events

* National income - ₹26,966 million
* 6 April – Mahatma Gandhi declared an All India Strike against the Rowlatt Act.
* 11 April – Serious riots in Ahmedabad.
* 13 April – At the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar, Punjab, British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Sikhs.
* 15 April – Disturbances in Delhi and Punjab and martial law in Punjab (back dated to 30 March);.
* 19 November – Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind was formed by a group of Muslim scholars.

## Law

* 18 March - The British ram the repressive Rowlatt Act through India's Imperial Legislative Council
* 23 December - Government of India Act 1919 establishes a dual administration: part Indian and elected, part British and authoritarian.
* Poisons Act

## Births
### January to June

* 5 January – Hector Abhayavardhana, Sri Lankan political theorist (d. 2012)
* 14 January – Kaifi Azmi, Urdu poet and Padma Shree (d. 2002)
* 19 January – Dharam Singh, field hockey player (died 2001).
* 7 March – M. N. Nambiar, actor (died 2008).
* 20 May – Jal Cursetji, Indian navy admiral (died 1991)
* 20 december - Santa Claus, Religious figure (died [[2001 in USA[2001]])

### July to December

* 18 July – Jayachamaraja Wodeyar, last Maharaja of Mysore, philosopher, musicologist, political thinker and philanthropist (died 1974).
* 12 August – Vikram Sarabhai, physicist (died 1971).
* 14 August – Dina Wadia.
* 31 August – Amrita Pritam, poet, novelist and essayist (died 2005).
* 7 September – Muhammad Ajmal, academic psychologist (died 1994).
* 4 December – Inder Kumar Gujral, 13th Prime Minister of India (died 2012).
* 9 December – E. K. Nayanar, politician and three times Chief Minister of Kerala (died 2004).
* 16 December – Yadlapati Venkata Rao, politician (died 2022)
* 25 December – Naushad Ali, musician and composer (died 2006).

### Full date unknown

* Jamuna Baruah, actress (died 2005).
* Pratap Chandra Chunder, Minister, educationalist and author (died 2008).
* Mahipal, actor (died 2005).
# Alphonse Bory

Alphonse Bory (15 October 1838 – 8 April 1891) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States from 1886 to 1887.
# Multnomah Park Cemetery

Multnomah Park Cemetery is a 9-acre cemetery located at Southeast 82nd Avenue and Holgate Boulevard, in Portland, Oregon's Foster-Powell neighborhood, in the United States. It was founded in 1888.

## Notable burials

* Robert V. Short (1823–1908), an Oregon pioneer and delegate to the Oregon Constitutional Convention
# Battleground (short story)

"Battleground" is a fantasy short story by American writer Stephen King, first published in the September 1972 issue of Cavalier magazine, and later collected in King's 1978 collection Night Shift.

## Plot summary

Renshaw is a professional hit-man, who returns from his assassination of a toy-maker to find a package delivered to his penthouse apartment in the Bay Area. The package contains a G.I. Joe Vietnam footlocker, sent to him by the mother of the toy-maker he had recently killed. When he opens the package, he finds that the toy soldiers are alive with working copies (albeit miniature) of weapons, jeeps, and helicopters. To Renshaw's surprise, the tiny soldiers begin to attack him. Despite his training and experience as a hitman, Renshaw finds himself outnumbered and outgunned, and he cedes control of the living room to the toy soldiers, taking cover in the bathroom. As the soldiers establish a base camp on his dining table, they unveil more and more military hardware, ranging from shoulder-launched rockets to military attack helicopters. The soldiers pass a piece of paper under the door, demanding his surrender, but Renshaw writes "NUTS" on the paper and sends it back, prompting a barrage of rocket fire which destroys most of the door.
Renshaw eventually plots to destroy the soldiers with a Molotov cocktail constructed from a bottle of lighter fluid, but before the cocktail detonates, a massive blast destroys the entire apartment. Outside in a park below, a couple finds Renshaw's bloody shirt, and the other contents of the footlocker are revealed, including one made-to-scale thermonuclear weapon.

## Film and TV adaptations

"Battleground" was converted to a teleplay by Richard Christian Matheson for the television series Nightmares & Dreamscapes. Originally airing on Wednesday July 12, 2006, the episode was directed by Brian Henson and starred William Hurt as Renshaw the assassin. There is no dialogue in the entire episode.
The episode featured a longer ending than the short story, in which Renshaw is attacked again and makes it out of the penthouse for a final showdown in the elevator shaft with an angry plastic commando (played by an uncredited Bill Barretta). Renshaw defeats the final commando, only to find it has armed a thermonuclear weapon that then explodes and kills him.
The story was also made into an animated short film, Srazhenie (Russian: Сражение - meaning "Battle"; see External Links below) by the Soviet Kievnauchfilm studio in 1986, directed by Mikhail Titov.
A similar concept was used in the 1981 anthology series Darkroom. The segment, titled "The Siege of 31 August," involved a Vietnam Vet turned farmer that discovers the army men he purchased for his son have come to life.
# Gore Bay, New Zealand

Gore Bay is a coastal settlement about 8 kilometres (5 mi) from Cheviot, New Zealand.
It has a surfing beach with summer beach houses and 14 permanent residents. There are two local camping grounds, each with beach access and business. It is a popular New Year's Eve venue. Of note is Cathedral Gully, a spectacular weathered clay canyon.
The cottage at 60 Moody Street that once belonged to Mrs. Eliza Robinson, wife of local runholder William 'Ready Money' Robinson, is registered by Heritage New Zealand as a Category II structure, with registration number 1769.

## Toponymy

The Māori name for this place is Pāua pirau meaning decayed pāua.
The place name Gore Bay is not an official name but is a recorded name that is probably derived from Gore's Bay shown on Captain Cook's map of New Zealand as the bay between Banks Island and the southern island, T’avai Poenammoo.

## Climate

Climate data for Gore Bay :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.7 (2.43) | 57.1 (2.25) | 78.4 (3.09) | 80.9 (3.19) | 82.4 (3.24) | 69 (2.7) | 81.1 (3.19) | 79 (3.1) | 53 (2.1) | 61.4 (2.42) | 64.4 (2.54) | 51.8 (2.04) | 820.2 (32.29) |
| Source: Climate Charts ||||||||||||||
# Konstantinos Doumtsios

Konstantinos Doumtsios (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Δούμτσιος; born 20 September 1997) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a striker for Dutch Eerste Divisie club Den Bosch.

## Career

Doumtsios hails from Ano Poroia, Serres. He began his football journey in the local club, Serres', youth system, making his debut for the first team on 15 February 2015, in a second-tier Football League match against Lamia, which ended in a 2–0 defeat. During his time at Serres, he trialled with Belgian club Genk. At the season's close, he was acquired by Iraklis. However, his time there failed to see him participate in any official matches over two years.
Between 2017 and 2019, he competed in the second division for Panserraikos, Aiginiakos, and Doxa Drama. In 2019, he joined Panionios, making his debut in the Super League Greece on 25 August 2019, in a match against Volos that ended in a 2–1 loss. His debut top-tier season included 15 appearances and a single goal across league and cup competitions. Following the club's insolvency, he made a free transfer move to Karaiskakis in September 2020. Subsequently, in July 2021, Levadiakos signed him on a two-year deal, and together they secured the Super League 2 championship at the culmination of the 2021–22 season.
On 3 August 2023, Doumtsios signed a one-year contract with an option for an additional year with Dutch Eerste Divisie club TOP Oss. He expressed his joy about his move to Dutch football: "Dutch football has appealed to me as a fan of the sport from a very young age. The ambition to play in the Netherlands followed shortly thereafter. I've worked hard towards taking this step." He scored six goals in 37 appearances for the club. His performances earned him a move to VVV-Venlo on 26 June 2024, where he signed a two-year contract with an option for an additional season. Upon signing, he mentioned former Eredivisie top goalscorer for VVV, fellow Greek, Giorgos Giakoumakis, as an inspiration in signing for the club.
On 3 February 2025, Doumtsios moved to Den Bosch on a one-and-a-half-season deal.

## Style of play

Doumtsios has been described as a "physically strong" striker, who plays with high energy and intensity.

## Personal life

Doumtsios grew up a fan of Cristiano Ronaldo and supports Real Madrid.

## Honours

Levadiakos
* Super League 2: 2021–22
# Mayuli Martínez Simón

Mayuli Latifa Martínez Simón (born 13 January 1984) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2018 to 2021, she served as a Senator for Quintana Roo during the 64th Legislature.

## Early years

Mayuli Latifa Martínez Simón was born on 13 January 1984 in Chetumal, Quintana Roo. She obtained a degree in law at the University of Quintana Roo.

## Political career

Martínez joined the National Action Party (PAN) in 2002. From 2013 to 2016, she was councilor of the municipality of Othón P. Blanco, during the municipal presidency of Eduardo Espinosa Abuxapqui. She was a deputy of the Quintana Roo State Congress in the XV Legislature representing the XV district, with headquarters in Chetumal as of 24 March 2016. Within congress, she was the coordinator of the PAN parliamentary group, was president of the anti-corruption commission, citizen participation and autonomous bodies. She was secretary of the legislative points commission and of the planning and economic development commission. On 27 March 2018, she requested leave of absence from the position to be able to participate in the 2018 federal elections.

### Senator of the Republic

From 1 September 2018 to 8 April 2021, Martínez was a senator representing the Quintana Roo in the 64th Legislature of the Congress of the Union as a representative of the first minority of Quintana Roo. Within the Senate, she served as chairman of the Prime Legislative Studies Commission. She won re-election as one of Quintana Roo's senators in the 2024 Senate election, occupying the first place on the Fuerza y Corazón por México coalition's two-name formula.
# Emergency Communications Response Vehicle

The ECRV, or Emergency Communications Response Vehicle, was designed and created for the American Red Cross by Disaster Services Communications paid and volunteer staff, to provide communications links between disaster relief operations and the Disaster Operation Center. However, as of February 21, 2013, the ECRV has been phased out in favor of more portable and flexible systems. Before replacement, they included an interoperability switch which allows the Red Cross to communicate with the variety of communication systems based in the nationwide network of chapters.
The nine base vehicles for the original design, 2000 Ford Excursions, were donated by Ford Motor Company; subsystems and components were primarily acquired through funding via the Disaster Technology Integration Program (DSTIP). The vehicles were extensively modified to add an 8.5KW alternator driven by the engine (keeping weight down, thereby avoiding significant safety hazards), a 52' pop-up pneumatic mast capable of rotating while holding a large yagi antenna, a KU VSAT satellite antenna system, and sixteen HF, VHF, and UHF antennas feeding its radios and interoperable voice and data systems. The Chevrolet Suburban model was the basis of three vehicles delivered in October 2007; this version does not have the pneumatic mast.
The operator training course involved approximately 40 hours of classroom and hands-on instruction with the ECRV's various onboard systems, safety training that included driving an obstacle course, and coverage of mast and RF safety issues. Course prerequisites included a current defensive driving certificate, a clean DMV record, current First Aid and CPR certifications, and enrollment in the Disaster Services Human Resources system of the American Red Cross. Operators were called on as needed to drive the vehicles to and from disaster locations and operate the systems until communications could be otherwise restored.
Until their decommissioning in 2013, they were used in every significant relief operation from 2001-2012, including (9/11, Hurricane Katrina, the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season, and the October 2007 California wildfires to name a few.
# Permanent Representative of Tuvalu to the United Nations

This is a list of the Permanent Representatives of Tuvalu to the United Nations. The current office holder is H. E. Tapugao Falefou.
The UN Permanent Representative is also appointed as Tuvalu's ambassador to the United States.

## List

| No. | Permanent Representative | Years Served | United Nations Secretary-General |
| 1 | Enele Sopoaga | 3 July 2001 – 19 December 2006 | Kofi Annan |
| 2 | Afelee Falema Pita | 19 December 2006 – 31 December 2006 | Kofi Annan |
| 2 | Afelee Falema Pita | 1 January 2007 - 20 December 2012 | Ban Ki-moon |
| 3 | Aunese Makoi Simati | 20 December 2012 – 31 December 2016 | Ban Ki-moon |
| 3 | Aunese Makoi Simati | 1 January 2017 - 21 July 2017 | António Guterres |
| 4 | Samuelu Laloniu | 21 July 2017 – 19 January 2023 | António Guterres |
| 5 | Tapugao Falefou | 13 February 2023 | António Guterres |
# Porfirio Muñoz Ledo

Porfirio Alejandro Muñoz Ledo y Lazo de la Vega (23 July 1933 – 9 July 2023) was a Mexican politician. He was one of the founders of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), and served as Ambassador to Cuba from January 2022 until his death.

## Biography

Born in Mexico City, Muñoz Ledo studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) from 1951 to 1955 and later pursued graduate studies at the University of Paris.
Muñoz Ledo served as a member of the cabinets of Presidents Luis Echeverría as Secretary of Labor (1972–1975) and José López Portillo as Secretary of Education (1976–1977). He was President of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) during the presidential campaign of 1975–1976.
Muñoz Ledo was Mexico's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1978 to 1985, where he presided over the UN Security Council, the Group of 77 and the negotiations of the Global Economic Agreements.
In 1988 he broke with the PRI and won a seat in the Senate running as a candidate for the leftist Frente Democrático Nacional (FDN) coalition. On 5 May 1989, Muñoz Ledo, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, and other leading center-left and leftist politicians formally founded the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).
Muñoz Ledo served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1997 to 1999. He was the first member of an opposition party to preside over Congress in the post-revolutionary period as President of the Chamber of Deputies in 1997. He ran for the presidency in 2000 as the Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution candidate but before the elections he gave his support to the National Action Party candidate Vicente Fox who later designated Muñoz Ledo ambassador to the European Union (2001–2004).
In 2005 he returned to the PRD to join Andrés Manuel López Obrador in his presidential campaign.
In 2009 until 2012, he again served in the Chamber of Deputies as a deputy for the PT.
On 27 August 2018, the parliamentary group of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) proposed him as president of the Chamber of Deputies and therefore of the Congress of the Union for the first year of the LXIV Legislature.
In late 2020, he ran for president of the MORENA party, but came in second place. In January 2022, he was appointed Ambassador to Cuba.
Muñoz Ledo died on 9 July 2023, at the age of 89. The cause of his death was not immediately announced.
# Mariensäule

The Mariensäule (lit. 'Mary's Column') is a Marian column located on the Marienplatz in Munich, Germany. Mary is revered here as Patrona Bavariae (Latin: Protector of Bavaria).

## History

It was erected in 1638 to celebrate the end of Swedish occupation during the Thirty Years' War, to be precise, following a respective vow by Duke Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria if the ducal residential cities of Munich and Landshut would be spared from war destruction. The column is topped by a golden statue of the Virgin Mary standing on a crescent moon as the Queen of Heaven, created in 1590. The figure was originally located in the Frauenkirche. Mariensäule in Munich was the first column of this type built north of the Alps and inspired erecting other Marian columns in this part of Europe.

## Features

At each corner of the column's pedestal is a statue of a putto, created by Ferdinand Murmann. The four putti are each depicted fighting a different beast, symbolizing the city's overcoming of adversities: war represented by the lion, pestilence by the cockatrice, hunger or famine by the dragon and heresy by the serpent.
The full inscription is as follows (with a translation)
| Latin | Translation |
| DEO OPTIMO MAXIMO VIRGINI DEIPARAE BOICAE DOMINAE BENIGNISSIMAE PROTECTRICI POTENTISSIMAE OB PATRIAM VRBES EXERCITVS SEIPSVM DOMVM ET SPES SVAS SERVATAS HOC PERENNE AD POSTEROS MONVMENTVM MAXIMILIANVS COM. PAL. RHENI VTRIVSQVE BAVARIAE DVX S.R.I. ARCHIDAP. ET ELECTOR CLIENTVM INFIMVS GRATVS SVPPLEX POSUIT A. MDCXXXIIX | TO GOD THE BEST AND GREATEST AND TO THE VIRGIN, THE MOTHER OF GOD MISTRESS OF BAVARIA MOST BENIGN PROTECTRESS MOST POWERFUL; BECAUSE THE HOMELAND CITIES, ARMIES HIS OWN HOUSE AND HIS HOPES WERE SAVED THIS LASTING MEMORIAL FOR THOSE TO COME MAXIMILIANVS PALSGRAVE OF THE RHINE RULER OF BOTH BAVARIAS ARCHSTEWARD OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AND ELECTOR THE WORST OF HER SERVANTS A GRATEFUL SUPPLICANT PUT UP IN THE YEAR 1638 |
# Marija Jovanović

Marija Jovanović (born 26 December 1985) is a retired Montenegrin handball player. She played for the Montenegrin national team.
She competed at the 2010 European Women's Handball Championship, where the Montenegrin team placed sixth, and Jovanović was listed among the top ten goalscorers of the tournament (scoring 31 goals). As captain, she led the Montenegrin national team when they won a gold medal at the European Championship in Serbia. After two years spent at the Ferencvárosi, she decided to end her career and graduated in Business Economics in 2018. She has been in private business ever since.

## Honours
### Club

* EHF Champions League:
** Semifinalist: 2011, 2012, 2013
* EHF Cup Winners' Cup:
** Winner: 2006 and 2010
* Women's Regional Handball League:
** Winner: 2010 and 2011
** Silver Medallist: 2009
* Montenegrin Championship:
** Winner: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011
* Romanian Championship:
** Winner: 2012, 2013
* Montenegrin Cup:
** Winner: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011
* Romanian Supercup:
** Winner: 2011

### National team

* European Handball Championship:
** Gold Medallist: 2012
* Olympics:
** Silver Medallist: 2012
# Oeniadae

Oeniadae or Oiniadai (Ancient Greek: Οἰνιάδαι), or Oeneiadae or Oineiadai (Οἰνειάδαι), was a town in ancient Acarnania, situated on the west bank of the Achelous River, about 10 miles (16 km) from its mouth. It was one of the most important of the Acarnanian towns, being strongly fortified both by nature and by art, and commanding the whole of the south of Acarnania. It was surrounded by marshes, many of them of great extent and depth, which rendered it quite inaccessible in the winter to an invading force. Its territory appears to have extended on both sides of the Achelous, and to have consisted of the district called Paracheloitis, which was very fertile. It seems to have derived its name from the mythical Oeneus, the great Aetolian hero.
The town is first mentioned about 455 BCE. The Messenians, who had been settled at Naupactus by the Athenians at the end of the Third Messenian War, shortly afterwards made an expedition against Oeniadae, which they took; but after holding it for a year, they were attacked by the Acarnanians and compelled to abandon the town. Oeniadae is represented at that time as an enemy of Athens, which is said to have been one of the reasons that induced the Messenians to attack the place. Twenty-three years before the Peloponnesian War (454 BCE) Pericles laid siege to the town, but was unable to take it. In the Peloponnesian War, Oeniadae still continued opposed to the Athenians, and was the only Acarnanian town, with the exception of Astacus, which sided with the Lacedaemonians. In the third year of the war (429 BCE) Phormion made an expedition into Acarnania to secure the Athenian ascendancy; but though he took Astacus, he did not continue to march against Oeniadae, because it was the winter, at which season the marshes secured the town from all attack. In the following year (428 BCE) his son Asopius sailed up the Achelous, and ravaged the territory of Oeniadae; but it was not till 424 BCE that Demosthenes, assisted by all the other Acarnanians, compelled the town to join the Athenian alliance.
It continued to be a place of great importance during the Macedonian and Roman wars. In the time of Alexander the Great, the Aetolians, who had extended their dominions on the west bank of the Achelous, succeeded in obtaining possession of Oeniadae, and expelled its inhabitants in so cruel a manner that they were threatened with the vengeance of Alexander. Oeniadae remained in the hands of the Aetolians till 219 BCE, when it was taken by Philip V of Macedonia. This monarch, aware of the importance of the place, strongly fortified the citadel, and commenced uniting the harbour and the arsenal with the citadel by means of walls. In 211 BCE Oeniadae, together with the adjacent Nesus (Νῆσος) or Nasus, was taken by the Romans, under Marcus Valerius Laevinus, and given to the Aetolians, who were then their allies; but in 189 BCE it was restored to the Acarnanians by virtue of one of the conditions of the peace made between the Romans and Aetolians in that year. From this period Oeniadae disappears from history; but it continued to exist in the time of Strabo.
Its site is near the modern Trikardo.
# Hieronymus Francken III

Hieronymus Francken III (1611 in Antwerp – 1671 in Antwerp), was a Flemish Baroque painter and a well known member of the Francken family of artists.

## Life

He was the son of Frans Francken II and Elisabeth Placquet and painted in the family tradition of religious works and historical allegories. He was the father of Constantijn Francken but he died before he could teach him to paint.

## Family tree

vteFrancken family tree :
Nicolaes Francken 1515–1596
Hieronymus Francken I 1540–1610Frans Francken I 1542–1616Ambrosius Francken I 1544–1618(Cornelius Francken)
Isabella FranckenThomas Francken 1574–1625Hieronymus Francken II 1578–1623Frans Francken II 1581–1642Ambrosius Francken II 1590–1632Hans Francken 1581–after 1610
Frans Francken III 1607–1667Hieronymus Francken III 1611–after 1661Ambrosius Francken III 1614–1662
Constantijn Francken 1661–1717 :
# Dibling

A dibling, a portmanteau of donor sibling, or donor-conceived sibling, or donor-sperm sibling, is one of two or more individuals who are biologically connected through donated eggs or sperm. This term is also commonly used in children biologically related through embryo donation. In this instance, the children are full not half biological siblings. The term is not favored among some recipient parents, who prefer the use of half-sibling.
People born from anonymous or ID release sperm or egg donation are able to find half-siblings conceived using the same gamete donor online through the Donor Sibling Registry or by using commercially available DNA test kits. DNA testing is more accurate because it relies on comparison of single-nucleotide polymorphisms instead of gamete donor identification numbers (which may be erroneous).