OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# South River (Maury River tributary)

The South River is a 20.3-mile-long (32.7 km) tributary of the Maury River in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is part of the James River watershed.
It rises southwest of Lofton in Augusta County, Virginia, near the western base of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and quickly receives the Saint Marys River coming out of the mountains from the east. Entering Rockbridge County near the village of Vesuvius, the South River continues to flow southwest and joins the Maury River between Lexington and Buena Vista.
# Cocker's Arithmetick

Cocker's Arithmetick, also known by its full title "Cocker's Arithmetick: Being a Plain and Familiar Method Suitable to the Meanest Capacity for the Full Understanding of That Incomparable Art, As It Is Now Taught by the Ablest School-Masters in City and Country", is a grammar school mathematics textbook written by the English engraver and teacher Edward Cocker (1631–1676) and published posthumously by John Hawkins in 1678. Arithmetick along with companion volume, Decimal Arithmetick published in 1684, were used to teach mathematics in schools in the United Kingdom for more than 150 years.

## Disputed authorship

Some controversy exists over the authorship of the book. Augustus De Morgan claimed the work was written by Hawkins, who merely used Cocker's name to lend the authority of his reputation to the book. Ruth Wallis, in 1997, wrote an article in Annals of Science, claiming De Morgan's analysis was flawed and Cocker was the real author.

## Popularity and impact

The popularity of Arithmetick is unquestioned by its more than 130 editions, and that its place was woven in the fabric of the popular culture of the time is evidenced by its references in the phrase, "according to Cocker", meaning "absolutely correct" or "according to the rules". Such noted figures of history as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Simpson are documented as having used the book. Over 100 years after its publication, Samuel Johnson carried a copy of Arithmetick on his tour of Scotland, and mentions it in his letters:
    In the afternoon tea was made by a very decent girl in a printed linen; she engaged me so much, that I made her a present of Cocker's Arithmetick.

## Writing style

Though popular, like most texts of its time, Arithmetick style is formal, stiff and difficult to follow as illustrated in its explanation of the "rule of three".
   Again, observe, that of the three given numbers, those two that are of the same kind, one of them must be the first, and the other the third, and that which is of the same kind with the number sought, must be the second number in the rule of three; and that you may know which of the said numbers to make your first, and which your third, know this, that to one of those two numbers there is always affixed a demand, and that number upon which the demand lieth must always be reckoned the third number
As well as the rule of three, Arithmetick contains instructions on alligation and the rule of false position. Following the common practice of textbooks at the time, each rule is illustrated with numerous examples of commercial transactions involving the exchange of wheat, rye and other seeds; calculation of costs for the erection of houses and other structures; and the rotation of gears on a shaft. The text contains the earliest known use of the term lowest terms.
# Dai Ward

David Ward (16 July 1934 – 12 January 1996) was a Welsh former professional footballer and Wales international. During his career in The Football League, he averaged a goal every other game, scoring 160 goals in 316 matches between 1954 and 1965.

## Career

Ward began his career at his hometown side Barry Town and his eight goals in five appearances during the 1951–52 Southern and Welsh League seasons led a number of teams to take an interest in him. He eventually signed for Bristol Rovers but it was a number of years before he managed to hold down a regular place in the side due to the presence of one of the club's all-time greats in Geoff Bradford. Eventually handed a chance in the side he responded by scoring nine times in his first eight games. His most prolific season for the club was in 1958–59 when he finished the season with 27 goals in 38 matches. It was this form that resulted in him earning his first cap for Wales in a 2–2 draw with England on 26 November 1958 in the 1959 British Home Championship.
Ward's spell at the club turned sour when he fell out with manager Bert Tann and began a bitter battle to leave the club, even at one time threatening to quit football entirely unless he was allowed to leave. He left the club in February 1961 to return to his home country to sign for Cardiff City. In his first full season at the club he finished as the top scorer with 17 goals and was handed his second Wales cap in a 1–1 draw with England on 14 October 1961. However his efforts could not stop the club being relegated from Division One and the following season he fell out of favour and was allowed to join Watford, where he spent one year before finishing his professional career at Brentford. Dai went on to play for Worcester City, Bath City, Cambridge United and Cambridge City. He also was assistant manager at Histon in 1983 where his son, also a David, was a member of the squad.
# Feigl

Feigl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bedřich Feigl (1884–1965), Czech painter, graphic artist and illustrator
* Brady Feigl (born 1990), American professional baseball players
* Erich Feigl (1931–2007), Austrian journalist, writer and film maker
* Frederick Feigl (1867-1933), American publisher and military officer
* Fritz Feigl (1891–1971), Austrian-Brazilian chemist
* Georg Feigl (1890–1945), German mathematician
* Herbert Feigl (1902–1988), Austrian philosopher
* Peter Feigl (born 1951), Austrian tennis player
* Polly Feigl, American biostatistician
# Alexander Ryabov

Alexander Ryabov (born 5 February 1979) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player. He was a long-time member with CSK VVS Samara in the Russian leagues.
# Return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth

The return of the family of Jesus to Nazareth, also known as the return from Egypt, appears in the reports of the early life of Jesus given in the canonical gospels. Both of the gospels which describe the nativity of Jesus agree that he was born in Bethlehem and then later moved with his family to live in Nazareth. The Gospel of Matthew describes how Joseph, Mary, and Jesus went to Egypt to escape from Herod the Great's slaughter of the baby boys in Bethlehem. Matthew does not mention Nazareth as being the previous home of Joseph and Mary; he says that Joseph was afraid to go to Judea because Herod Archelaus was ruling there and so the family went to Nazareth instead. The Gospel of Luke, on the other hand, does not record the flight to Egypt, and says that Joseph had been previously living in Nazareth, and returned there after the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple.

## Return from Egypt

Sometime after Herod had died, the holy family returns from Egypt. Most scholarship places the date of Herod's death around 4 BCE.
Upon learning that Herod Archelaus had succeeded his father in Judea, they continued on to Galilee. Archelaus was known for his cruelty and in response to complaints from the populace, in 6 AD he was deposed by Augustus and banished to Vienne in Gaul. Galilee was ruled by Archelaus's brother, Herod Antipas.

## Significance

In Matthew 2:23, the return to Nazareth is said to be a fulfilment of the prophetic word, "He shall be called a Nazarene". It is not clear which Old Testament verse Matthew might have had in mind; many commentators suggest it is Isaiah 11:1, where it says "A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse; from his roots a Branch will bear fruit" (NIV): the Hebrew word for "branch" is nezer.
Cornelius a Lapide comments on this issue, writing: "In Hebrew nazir, or nozeri, written with zain, meaning separate, holy, consecrate, crowned, religious, because Christ, as man, being separated from every other thing, was hypostatically and wholly united to the WORD. For the word nazar signifies to separate, to consecrate, to crown. Wherefore the religious, under the old law, who separated themselves from wine and from the world, and consecrated themselves to God, were called Nazarites. (See Numb. 6:2, seq.) But that Christ would be holy, and consecrated to God, all the prophets foretold, especially Daniel (9:24): “The Holy of Holies—i.e., Christ—shall be anointed.” (Vulgate) Thus, too, Samson, who was a type of Christ, was a Nazarite. (Judg. 13:7.) So, too, was Joseph. (Gen. 49:2) And as Joseph, after his imprisonment, was made lord of Egypt, so Christ, after His death, was made lord of the universe. So S. Ambrose and Ruperti."

## In art

The family's return journey from Egypt has frequently been a subject of artistic representation.

## Commentary

Some Bible scholars had noted differences in the birth narrative story of the flight. Raymond E. Brown claimed that the narratives are "...contrary to each other in a number of details."
# Jérémy Lempereur

Jérémy Georges Henri Lempereur (born 29 November 1987) is a French footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for FC Rezé.

## Club career

Lempereur was born in Saint-Nazaire, and was a RC Lens youth graduate. After representing the reserves, US Albi and Arras Football Association, he moved abroad in July 2009, after agreeing to a contract with Segunda División B side AD Alcorcón.
Lempereur helped the team promote to Segunda División, by appearing in 35 matches in all competitions, including 27 minutes in the Alcorconazo. He made his debut in the Spanish second level on 18 September, coming on as a second-half substitute for Samuel Baños in a 3–1 home win against Girona FC, and scored his first goal the following 17 April, by netting the equalizer in a 3–2 home defeat of CD Tenerife.
On 10 July 2011, Lempereur signed for CD Leganés in the third division. He left the club two days later, after alleging "personal problems", and after failed trials at Standard de Liège and former club Lens, he returned to Spain after joining UD Salamanca in the same division.
On 25 July 2012, Lempereur moved to fellow third division side Tenerife. After appearing rarely, he cut ties with the club, and signed with Belgian side UR La Louvière Centre on 30 December.
In the following four years, Lempereur featured only in the lower leagues of France and Belgium, representing Arras, RWS Bruxelles, FCV Dender EH, La Roche VF and Luçon FC. In August 2016, he switched teams and countries again, joining Andorra's UE Engordany.
On 15 June 2017, Lempereur joined FC Santa Coloma, but moved to Louhans-Cuiseaux FC shortly after.
# North Dakota Wing Civil Air Patrol

The North Dakota Wing of the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is the highest echelon of Civil Air Patrol in the state of North Dakota. North Dakota Wing headquarters are located in Bismarck, North Dakota. The North Dakota Wing consists of over 200 cadet and adult members at over 7 locations across the state of North Dakota.

## Mission

The North Dakota Wing performs the three primary missions of the Civil Air Patrol: providing emergency services; offering cadet programs for youth; and providing aerospace education for both CAP members and the general public.

### Emergency services

The Civil Air Patrol performs emergency services during emergencies through various missions, including: search and rescue; disaster relief; humanitarian services, and counter-drug operations.
In March 2009, the North Dakota Wing was deployed to respond to flooding along the Red River of the North. Civil Air Patrol ground teams assisted local residents with sandbagging efforts, and erected a dike around a Red Cross building in the path of the flooding. Five aircraft from the North Dakota Wing, along with two aircraft from the South Dakota Wing, made 134 flights to conduct aerial photography missions to survey damage for the state's Emergency Operations Center.

### Cadet programs

The Civil Air Patrol runs a cadet program for the purpose of enhancing the leadership skills of cadets through cultivating an interest in aviation, and also for providing services to the United States Air Force, and the local community.

### Aerospace education

The Civil Air Patrol runs both internal and external aerospace education programs. The internal program provides aerospace education to the CAP membership, both senior and cadet. The external program provides the general public with aerospace education.

## Organization

Squadrons of the North Dakota Wing :
| Designation | Squadron Name | Location |
| NCR-ND-001 | North Dakota Wing Headquarters | Bismarck |
| NCR-ND-999 | North Dakota Legislative Squadron | Bismarck |
| NCR-ND-030 | Bismarck Composite Squadron | Bismarck |
| NCR-ND-031 | James Valley Composite Squadron | Jamestown |
| NCR-ND-044 | Rough Rider Composite Squadron | Dickinson |
| NCR-ND-119 | 119th ANG Cadet Squadron | Fargo |
| NCR-ND-046 | Red River Senior Squadron | Fargo |
| NCR-ND-005 | Grand Forks Composite Squadron | Grand Forks |
| NCR-ND-021 | Magic City Composite Squadron | Minot |
| NCR-ND-047 | Williston Composite Squadron | Williston |

## Legal protection

Employers within the borders of North Dakota may not terminate or demote an employee who is a member of the Civil Air Patrol if that employee takes a leave of absence in order to respond to an emergency mission as a part of the Civil Air Patrol. Nor may an employer discriminate during the hiring process or otherwise deny employment to an individual based on his or her affiliation with the Civil Air Patrol.
# Sky Destroyer

Sky Destroyer (スカイデストロイヤー, Sukai Desutoroiyā) is a rail shooter video game released by Taito in 1985 as an arcade game as well as for the Family Computer. Controlling a Japanese World War II monoplane, the player assumes the role of the pilot of the respective naval aircraft who is required to destroy enemies to clear stages.

## Gameplay

In Sky Destroyer, the player controls a plane, equipped with machine guns and torpedoes and ammunition is unlimited.
The color of the sky changes according to the time of the day (afternoon, evening, night). F6F Hellcats (F4U Corsairs in the Arcade Version) are common enemy fighter planes the player will encounter. Occasionally, the player would run into a B-24 bomber and has to shoot each of its four engines before the B-24 flies away. Sometimes when player has shot down a number of B-24s, they would encounter a falling satellite across the screen. A high number of points would be rewarded if the satellite gets destroyed. There are bonus stages in this game.
Enemy resistance comes not only from the air, but from land and sea as well. Sometimes, an American naval destroyer or submarine would try to down the player's plane with anti-aircraft fire. Aircraft carriers can sometimes be seen in the distant horizon but can still be sunk with torpedoes. At the end of a stage, the player faces a mobile shore battery on an island. This battery must be destroyed in order to complete the mission. If the player is hit even just once by enemy fire, his plane crashes and he loses one life point. The game is over when all life points are used up.

## Reception

In Japan, Game Machine listed Sky Destroyer on their December 15, 1985 issue as being the third most-successful table arcade unit of the month.
# Beatriz Cienfuegos

Beatriz Cienfuegos (1701-1786) was a Spanish editor and journalist. She was the founder and publisher of the La Pensadora Gaditana (1763), the first paper edited by a woman in Spain, and has been referred to as the first Spanish journalist.
# József Dzurják

József Dzurják (born 2 March 1962) is a Hungarian football manager and former player.

## Playing career

His youth career was at Ikladi Vasas, Jászberényi Lehel, Jászárokszállási Vasas, Békéscsaba, and L. Szabó Hónved SE.
He made his debut in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I in the season 1983–84 playing with Diósgyőri VTK. That season his team ended up relegated and played in Nemzeti Bajnokság II with Dzurják being the league top-scorer two seasons in a raw. In 1986, he moved to Hungarian giants Ferencváros where he played till 1990. He finished his last season with Fradi as league top scorer. This meant that for Dzurják was time to move abroad, signing with the East German 1990 vice-champions Chemnitzer FC, being one of the few foreigners to play in the last season of the DDR-Oberliga. After six months during the winter break, he moved to FK Spartak Subotica where he spend the rest of the season playing in the Yugoslav First League. After this, he returned and played half season with Ferencvaros, before moving again, this time to Cyprus, to play with AC Omonia one and a half seasons. He will return to Hungary and play with III. Kerületi TUE, Vác FC and Diósgyőri VTK before moving to the Maldives in 1996 where he ended his career. He played as a striker.

## International career

On 13 May 1987, Dzurják received a call on behalf of coach József Verebes to be part of the Hungary Olympic team and played in a game against Spain scoring a goal in the game. He then also played against Sweden on 9 September, same year.

## Coaching career

After retiring, he initially became a sports journalist at Nemzeti Sportnál. Then he started his coaching career, first coaching the youth teams of Dunakeszi, BVSC, REAC and the U-17 and U-19 teams of Ferencvaros. Then he worked as assistant manager, initially in Hungary at Diósgyőri VTK, Videoton and Zalaegerzeg, and then abroad in Albania, Malaysia and the Maldives, where he won the championship.
In March 2008 he was appointed the main coach of Club Valencia competing in the Dhivehi League, the top league in the Maldives. Since 2012 he has been assistant manager at Diósgyőri VTK.

## Honours
### As player
#### Diósgyőri VTK

* Nemzeti Bajnokság II top scorer: 1984–85, 1985–86

#### Ferencvaros

* Nemzeti Bajnokság I top scorer: 1989–90
* Magyar Kupa: 1991

#### Omonia Nicosia

* Cypriot First Division: 1992–93
* Cypriot First Division top-scorer: 1991–92 (21 goals)

### As manager
#### Club Valencia

* Dhivehi League: 2008
* Maldives National Championship: 2008
# Villeneuve, Aosta Valley

Villeneuve (French: ; Valdôtain: Veullanoua) is a town and comune in the Aosta Valley region of northwestern Italy. It lies along the Dora Baltea, at some 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Aosta on the road to Courmayeur and the Mont Blanc Tunnel. Nearby lie the ruins of the medieval castle, Châtel-Argent.

## Landmarks

* Châtel-Argent

## Twin towns — Sister cities

* Aigueblanche, France
* This article on a location in Aosta Valley is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* ↑ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
* ↑ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
# Bay du Nord River

The Bay du Nord River is located on the south coast of the Island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Much of the drainage basin is contained within the Middle Ridge Wildlife Reserve and the Bay du Nord Wilderness Reserve of central Newfoundland.
The river empties into the Gulf of St. Lawrence at Fortune Bay, just north of the community of Pool's Cove on Newfoundland's Connaigre Peninsula.
The river was nominated as a Canadian Heritage River in June 1992 and designated in 2006.
# Tert-Butyl chloride

tert-Butyl chloride is the organochloride with the formula (CH$_3$)$_3$CCl. It is a colorless, flammable liquid. It is sparingly soluble in water, with a tendency to undergo hydrolysis to the corresponding tert-butyl alcohol. It is produced industrially as a precursor to other organic compounds.

## Synthesis

tert-Butyl chloride is produced by the reaction of tert-butyl alcohol with hydrogen chloride. In the laboratory, concentrated hydrochloric acid is used. The conversion entails a S$_N$1 reaction as shown below.
| Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 |
| The acid protonates the alcohol, forming a good leaving group (water). | Water leaves the protonated t-BuOH, forming a relatively stable tertiary carbocation. | The chloride ion attacks the carbocation, forming t-BuCl. |
The overall reaction, therefore, is:
    (CH$_3$)$_3$COH + HCl → (CH$_3$)$_3$CCl + H$_2$O
Because tert-butanol is a tertiary alcohol, the relative stability of the tert-butyl carbocation in the step 2 allows the S$_N$1 mechanism to be followed, whereas a primary alcohol would follow an S$_N$2 mechanism.

## Reactions

When tert-butyl chloride is dissolved in water, it undergoes a hydrolysis to tert-butyl alcohol. When dissolved in alcohols, the corresponding t-butyl ethers are produced.

## Uses

tert-Butyl chloride is used to prepare the antioxidant tert-butylphenol and the fragrance neohexyl chloride.
# Bachmann–Howard ordinal

In mathematics, the Bachmann–Howard ordinal (also known as the Howard ordinal, or Howard-Bachmann ordinal) is a large countable ordinal. It is the proof-theoretic ordinal of several mathematical theories, such as Kripke–Platek set theory (with the axiom of infinity) and the system CZF of constructive set theory. It was introduced by Heinz Bachmann (1950) and William Alvin Howard (1972).

## Definition

The Bachmann–Howard ordinal is defined using an ordinal collapsing function:
* ε$_α$ enumerates the epsilon numbers, the ordinals ε such that ω$^ε$ = ε.
* Ω = ω$_1$ is the first uncountable ordinal.
* ε$_{Ω+1}$ is the first epsilon number after Ω = ε$_Ω$.
* ψ(α) is defined to be the smallest ordinal that cannot be constructed by starting with 0, 1, ω and Ω, and repeatedly applying ordinal addition, multiplication and exponentiation, and ψ to previously constructed ordinals (except that ψ can only be applied to arguments less than α, to ensure that it is well defined).
* The Bachmann–Howard ordinal is ψ(ε$_{Ω+1}$).
The Bachmann–Howard ordinal can also be defined as φ$_{εΩ+1}$(0) for an extension of the Veblen functions φ$_α$ to certain functions α of ordinals; this extension was carried out by Heinz Bachmann and is not completely straightforward.

## Citations

* ↑ J. Van der Meeren, M. Rathjen, A. Weiermann, "An order-theoretic characterization of the Howard-Bachmann-hierarchy" (2017). Accessed 21 February 2023.
* ↑ S. Feferman, "The proof theory of classical and constructive inductive definitions. A 40 year saga, 1968-2008." (2008), p.7. Accessed 21 February 2023.
* ↑ M. Rathjen, "The Art of Ordinal Analysis" (2006), p.11. Accessed 21 February 2023.