OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Second Geneva Convention

The Second Geneva Convention, officially the Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (French: Convention pour l'amélioration du sort des blessés, des malades et des naufragés des forces armées sur mer), is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. The Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea was first adopted in 1949, replacing the Hague Convention (X) of 1907. It adapts the main protective regime of the First Geneva Convention to combat at sea.

## Summary of provisions

The treaty is a lengthy document consisting of 63 articles. The most essential provisions of the treaty are:
* Articles 12 and 18 requires all parties to protect and care for the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked.
* Article 14 clarifies that although a warship cannot capture a hospital ship's medical staff, it can hold the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked as prisoners of war.
* Article 21 allows appeals to be made to neutral vessels to help collect and care for the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked. The neutral vessels cannot be captured.
* Articles 36 and 37 protect religious and medical personnel serving on a combat ship.
* Article 22 states that hospital ships cannot be used for any military purpose, and owing to their humanitarian mission, they cannot be attacked or captured.
For a detailed discussion of each article of the treaty, see the original text and the commentary. There are currently 196 countries party to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, including this second treaty but also including the other three.
# Battle of Hawadley

On January 17, 2023, al-Shabaab attacked a Somali army base in the town of Hawadley, Hirshabelle State, Somalia. In response, the Somali army launched counter-operations to secure the area.

## Background

In late 2022, the Somali government under Hassan Sheikh Mohamud launched a massive counteroffensive against al-Shabaab in Somalia's Hirshabelle State. In the offensive, Somali forces recovered large swaths of the state, including Runirgod District, Ceel Guud, and Harardhere. In these offensives, they captured the town of Hawadley in late October.

## Battles

The day of the attack, al-Shabaab militants placed a car with explosives outside the Somali Army's military base in Hawadley. Immediately afterward, jihadists stormed the base and shot at the Somali soldiers. Somali forces were able to hold onto the base. A Somali commander from a nearby town stated that seven Somali soldiers, including the base's commander, were killed in the attack. This number later rose to ten soldiers killed. al-Shabaab, immediately after the attack, claimed the deaths of sixty-three Somali soldiers.
Two days later, the Somali army in collaboration with NISA attacked al-Shabaab bases at farms on the outskirts of Hawadley. Forty-nine al-Shabaab fighters were killed in the battle. The attack was launched in response to the Hawadley base attack.
# Xhovalin Delia

Xhovalin Delia (born April 29, 1959) is an Albanian artist, painter, filmmaker and writer from Pukë, Albania who lives in Florence, Italy.

## Career

Xhovalin Delia received his degree in Painting at the Fine Arts Academy of Tirana in 1985. After his studies, Delia worked in an animation studio, "AFA Film Animation," as both a director and a painter.
From 1994 to 2013, Delia opened painting and visual art exhibitions in Florence, Italy. In 2004, he was part of a group exhibition of Albanian artists who had either fled or migrated from Albania during a previous regime. Delia also stayed linked in the capital of Albania and continued to perform various media there, such as installation and video art, particularly at Pyramid of Tirana or International Center of Culture and Museum in Tirana, Albania.
In 1990, Delia, before leaving Albania, was the winner of first place in the National Animation Film Festival of Albania.
# Harry S. Truman's 1949 inaugural address

Harry S. Truman's inaugural address, known as the Four Point Speech, was delivered by United States president Harry S. Truman, on Thursday, January 20, 1949.
In a world only recently emerged from the shadow of World War II, in which freedom and human rights seemed under threat from many sides, this was Truman's response.
He challenged both Democrats and Republicans to assist people around the world struggling for freedom and human rights; to continue programs for world economic recovery; to strengthen international organizations; and to draw on the expertise of the United States to help people across the world help themselves in the struggle against ignorance, illness and despair.

## The four points

* First, "we will continue to give unfaltering support to the United Nations and related agencies, and we will continue to search for ways to strengthen their authority and increase their effectiveness."
* Second, "we will continue our programs for world economic recovery."
* Third, "we will strengthen freedom-loving nations against the dangers of aggression."
* Fourth, "we must embark on a bold new program for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for the improvement and growth of underdeveloped areas."
# List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine

This is a list of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine, which comprises both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The West Bank and Gaza together had 14 universities, an open university for distance learning, 18 university colleges and 20 community colleges.
All universities in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed by the Israel Defense Forces. See "Attacks on schools during the Israeli invasion of Gaza" for more.

## West Bank

* Al-Quds University
* Al-Quds Open University
* An-Najah National University
* Arab American University
* Bethlehem Bible College
* Bethlehem University
* Birzeit University
* Dar Al-Kalima University
* Edward Said National Conservatory of Music
* Hebron University
* Ibrahimieh College
* Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie
* Palestine Ahliya University
* Palestine Polytechnic University
* International Academy of Art, Palestine
* Ariel University in the illegal settlement of Ariel. The upgrade of its status from a college to a university was highly controversial within Israel itself (see Ariel University for details).

## Gaza Strip

* Al-Aqsa University
* Al-Azhar University – Gaza
* Al-Quds Open University
* Gaza University (Gaza)
* Islamic University of Gaza
* Israa University
* Palestine Technical College
* University College of Applied Sciences
* University of Palestine
* Gaza Community/Training Center
* Hassan University

## Other education and research institutions

* Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem
* Health, Development, Information and Policy Institute
* Palestinian Academic Network
* Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs
* Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education

## Education and research organizations outside Palestine

* Durham Palestine Educational Trust
* Institute for Middle East Understanding
* Institute for Palestine Studies
* PEACE Programme - under the auspices of UNESCO
# Joe Rātima

Hohepa Joe Rātima (birth unknown) is a New Zealand rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played representative rugby league (RL) for New Zealand.

## Rugby union career

Rātima is from Ngāti Maniapoto and originally played rugby union, representing King Country Rugby Union. He also represented New Zealand Māori.

## Rugby league career

He then switched to rugby league, representing Auckland. In 1956 he was part of the Auckland sides that defeated Great Britain 5–4 in 1954 and France 17–15 in 1955.
In 1956 he toured Australia as part of the New Zealand Māori rugby league team.
He was part of the Ponsonby team that won the Auckland Rugby League title in 1958.
He represented New Zealand, playing in two tests against Great Britain in 1958 and then touring Australia in 1959.

## Later years

Rātima was later the vice president of the Māori Rugby League organisation.
# New York City Victory Parade of 1946

The New York City Victory Parade of 1946 was held in New York City, United States, on January 12, 1946, to celebrate the victorious conclusion of World War II.

## History

The parade was led by 13,000 men of the 82nd Airborne Division (including the African-American 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion) under General James M. Gavin. The 82nd was chosen as the All-American Division to represent the U.S. Army and the end of World War II. The parade also included Sherman tanks and other armored vehicles, such as self-propelled howitzers, and a fly-by of a formation of glider-towing C-47s. The 82nd also participated in the September Berlin Victory Parade of 1945.
In preparation for the New York parade, the division mustered and trained three times a day since late 1945, after having finished their garrison duty in Berlin. The division arrived in United States on January 3 aboard the RMS Queen Mary, and continued training for the parade at Camp Shanks.
The parade, beginning at Washington Square, marching up Fifth Avenue, was reported to be four miles long. It was a ticker tape parade, and was covered by newsreels of the time. However, Life magazine reported that it was "oddly subdued", and blamed it on the elimination of many military bands by the demilitarization. Government officials witnessing the parade included the New York Governor, Thomas E. Dewey the New York City Mayor, William O'Dwyer, and the former New York City Mayor, Fiorello LaGuardia.
New York was the site of the largest American Victory in Europe Day celebrations. Two months earlier, on 27 October 1945, it also witnessed a naval victory parade.
# 1945 Mikawa earthquake

The 1945 Mikawa earthquake (三河地震, Mikawa jishin) occurred off Aichi prefecture, Japan at 03:38 AM on January 13. As it occurred during World War II, information about the disaster was censored. Efforts at keeping the disaster secret hampered relief efforts and contributed to the high death toll.

## Earthquake

The Mikawa earthquake's epicenter was offshore in Mikawa Bay at a depth of eleven kilometers. The city of Tsu recorded a magnitude of 6 on the Richter Scale; however, areas in southern Aichi prefecture were closer to the epicenter and suffered significant damage.
The earthquake created the Fukozu Fault, named after the village in the middle of the fault trace, in an area adjoining the west of the Tōkaidō Main Line railway between Okazaki and Gamagōri, Aichi Prefecture. The fault's total visible distance is little more than 9 km, but is of great interest to geologists as it has a right-angle bend in its middle part, rather than being straight or at a gentle curve. It is also remarkable in that ground displacement at the fault is up to one meter in places; however, the Tokaido Railway Line, although only 150 meters from the fault line in places, suffered no damage.

## Damage

Hardest hit were what is now Hazu District: Nishio city, Kira town, Anjō city, Hekinan city and Gamagōri city. The confirmed death toll was 1,180, with an additional 1,126 missing and 3,866 injured. As the earthquake occurred in the middle of the night, and towards the end of the war when fuel supplies were very low, only two houses were lost to fire, but 7,221 houses were destroyed, and 16,555 were severely damaged.

## Previous events

Similar large earthquakes have occurred in the same location in 1685 and 1686, and the large 1944 Tōnankai earthquake was also in the same area.
# Shorouq Society for Women

The Shorouq Society for Women (Arabic: جمعية شروق النسوية العيزرية, romanized: Jamʻīyat Shurūq al-Niswīyah al-ʻAyzarīyah) is a non-profit which aims to economically empower Palestinian women. It is based in Bethany, in the West Bank. It is headed by Fatima Faroun.
The non-profit is affiliated with Children of Peace and the Alliance for Middle East Peace.

## Activities

In 2009, the non-profit began partnering with the Negev Institute for Strategies of Peace and Development on a program, Joint Ventures for Peace, that saw Palestinian and Israeli women receiving job trainings together. The program also aimed to develop business partnerships between the Palestinians and Israelis.
That same year, the organization participated in an exhibition at Palestinian Cultural Week in Amman, Jordan.
In 2011, the organization opened an Economic Development Center.
Beginning in 2016, the non-profit began a breast cancer awareness campaign in Jerusalem in collaboration with the Palestinian Ministry of Health. The campaign included educational lectures, education on self-examination exams, and the founding of a forum for breast cancer survivors.
The organization has also taken part in the distribution of aid, such as food or school bags for students, to families in need.
# 2022 Colombia landslides

In January and February 2022, landslides occurred in Colombia.

## Palocabildo landslides

On 26–28 January 2022, two people were killed in Palocabildo, Tolima after heavy rainfall. Many power outages were reported.

## Dosquebradas landslide

On 8 February 2022, in Dosquebradas, Risaralda, heavy rains caused a landslide, killing at least 14 people and destroying five homes. 35 people were hospitalized.
# Palestine women's national football team results

This is a list of the Palestine women's national football team since their inception in 2003.

## Record per opponent
### Key

The following table shows Palestine's official international record per opponent:
| Opponent | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W% | Confederation |
| Algeria | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | −3 | 0.00 | CAF |
| Bahrain | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 25 | −18 | 12.50 | AFC |
| Chinese Taipei | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 14 | −14 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Egypt | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 13 | −13 | 0.00 | CAF |
| Hong Kong | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.00 | AFC |
| India | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Indonesia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Iran | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 20 | −20 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Iraq | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | +3 | 100.00 | AFC |
| Jordan | 14 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 6 | 84 | −78 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Kuwait | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | +17 | 100.00 | AFC |
| Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | −3 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Lebanon | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 13 | −11 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Malaysia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | −2 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Maldives | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 100.00 | AFC |
| Myanmar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | −9 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Philippines | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | −7 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Qatar | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 100.00 | AFC |
| Saudi Arabia | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Syria | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 10 | −3 | 25.00 | AFC |
| Thailand | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 13 | −13 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Tunisia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 12 | −8 | 0.00 | CAF |
| United Arab Emirates | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | −4 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Uzbekistan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | −11 | 0.00 | AFC |
| Total | 62 | 8 | 10 | 44 | 84 | 255 | −171 | 12.90 | — |
Last updated: Palestine vs Lebanon, 21 July 2023. Statistics include official FIFA-recognised matches only.

## Results

Win  Draw  Loss  Fixtures
# Cileungsi

Cileungsi is a town and an administrative district (Indonesian: kecamatan) in the Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The town is a suburb located southeast of Jakarta, south of the city of Bekasi, east of Depok and is part of its metropolitan region - Jabodetabek (or Jakarta Raya). The distance between Cileungsi and Jakarta is 37.7 km (23.4 miles).
The district covers an area of 73.76 km km$^2$, and had a population of 276,369 at the 2010 Census and 288,347 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 273,150, comprising 137,702 males and 135,448 females. The administrative centre is located at the town of Cileungsi, and the district is sub-divided into twelve villages (desa), all sharing the postcode of 16820, as listed below with their areas and their populations as at mid 2023.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of Desa | Area in km$^2$ | Population mid 2023 estimate |
| 32.01.07.2001 | Pasirangin | 5.79 | 39,046 |
| 32.01.07.2002 | Mekarsari | 5.73 | 11,979 |
| 32.01.07.2003 | Mampir | 6.01 | 16,980 |
| 32.01.07.2004 | Dayeuh | 11.84 | 35,245 |
| 32.01.07.2005 | Gandoang | 6.40 | 18,610 |
| 32.01.07.2006 | Jatisari | 4.69 | 8,639 |
| 32.01.07.2007 | Cileungsi Kidul | 6.22 | 36,606 |
| 32.01.07.2008 | Cipeucang | 4.41 | 12,594 |
| 32.01.07.2009 | Situsari | 6.25 | 19,488 |
| 32.01.07.2010 | Cipenjo | 4.91 | 21,287 |
| 32.01.07.2011 | Limusnunggal | 7.16 | 29,119 |
| 32.01.07.2012 | Cileungsi (town) | 4.35 | 23,557 |
| 32.01.07 | Totals | 73.76 | 273,150 |
Like much of the northern part of the Bogor Regency, the district is largely made up of huge industrial parks and areas, along with many warehouses and factories, making it a huge contribution to the district's industry.
Asides from industrial areas, Cileungsi is also populated by many commuters, and can be considered a bedroom community. It features a lot of real estate housing, combined with another housing area to the west, called Cibubur. As a matter of fact, the housing area of Cibubur itself is beginning to extend to Cileungsi's boundaries, starting from the early-2000s.
The eastern portion of Cileungsi is home to a huge recreational park, featuring large gardens with tropical plants and plantations, as well as a waterpark, Taman Wisata Mekarsari.

## Notable people

* Oking Jaya Atmaja, Indonesian military officer
# Fernando Reinares

Fernando Reinares (born 1960 in Logroño) is a specialist in terrorism, especially the process of radicalization. Currently, he is Professor of Political Science and Security Studies at Universidad Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid, Spain.

## Career

He served a term as Senior Adviser on Antiterrorist Policy to the Spanish Minister of Interior following the 2004 Madrid train bombings, where he was engaged in adapting national security structures to the challenges of international terrorism. Afterward, he was appointed Director of the Program on Global Terrorism at the Real Instituto Elcano, a Spanish think tank. He also teaches postgraduate courses at General Gutiérrez Mellado University Institute and Ortega y Gasset University Institute.
Reinares is an advisor to the Center for Global Counter-Terrorism Cooperation, and he belongs to the United Nations roster of experts on terrorism prevention. The terrorism studies program board at the University of St. Andrews. Reinares is a member of the Council on Global Terrorism established by the Atlantic Monthly Foundation and of the academic committee of the Queen Sofía Center for the Study of Violence. He is Chairman of the European Commission expert group on violent radicalization and Academic Director of the Permanent Seminar on Terrorism Studies at Ortega y Gasset Foundation.
He is a Contributing Editor to Studies in Conflict and Terrorism and belongs to the editorial boards of Terrorism and Political Violence, Democracy and Security, Cultures et Conflits, and Sécurité Globale.
He was invited to join the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C., as Public Policy Scholar in 2011.

## Works

* Reinares, Fernando (2014). ¡Matadlos! Quién estuvo detrás del 11-M y por qué se atentó en España. Madrid: Galaxia Gutenberg.
# Anne Speckhard

Anne Speckhard is an adjunct associate professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University School of Medicine in Washington D.C. Her research focuses on developing counter-terrorism initiatives and understanding the motivations of terrorists. She is the director of the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE).

## Research

Speckhard's research focuses on understanding the psychology behind terrorism. She has consulted almost 500 terrorists as well as their family and friends. She created the psychological challenge from the Detainee Rehabilitation Program located in Iraq as well as running the Breaking the ISIS Brand Counternarratives Project. It has been devoted to more than 20,000 detainees and 800 juveniles. Additionally, she has focused on the role of women in terrorist organizations.
# Rolf Tophoven

Rolf Tophoven (born 1937) is a German journalist and terrorism expert.

## Biography

Tophoven studied German Philology and Historical Science at the University of Münster, with focus on military and guerilla history. He was a member of a catholic student fraternity. Afterwards he was a teacher of history, politics and German language in Rheydt.
Along with Hans Josef Horchem, former chief of Verfassungsschutz in Hamburg, Tophoven was vice director from 1986 of the Institut für Terrorismusforschung in Bonn (Institute for Terrorism Research) until its dissolution in 1993. It was re-founded by Tophoven in Essen as Institut für Terrorismusforschung und Sicherheitspolitik (Institute for Terrorism Research and Security Policy) on 11 September 2003.
Tophoven lives in Grefrath.

## Research

Tophoven is known as an expert in terrorism and security policy. He published newspaper articles for Die Welt, as well as books about the Middle East conflicts, the GSG 9, the war in Chechnya, and about militant Islamism.

## Books

* Fedayin. Guerilla ohne Grenzen, München 1975
* Politik durch Gewalt. Guerilla und Terrorismus heute, Bonn 1976
* GSG 9. Kommando gegen Terrorismus Bonn 1977, ISBN 3-7637-5445-8
* Terrorismus und Guerilla, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-590-54809-6
* Sterben für Allah. Die Schiiten und der Terrorismus, Düsseldorf 1993, ISBN 3-612-26038-3
* Der israelisch-arabische Konflikt, Bonn 1999
* Das Terrorismus-Lexikon. Täter, Opfer und Hintergründe, along with Kai Hirschmann and Wilhelm Dietl, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-8218-5642-1
* Der Nahost-Konflikt. Dokumente, Kommentare und Meinungen, with Kinan Jaeger, Bonn 2011
* Rainer Glatz. Rolf Tophoven (ed.). Am Hindukusch – und weiter? Die Bundeswehr im Auslandseinsatz: Erfahrungen, Bilanzen, Ausblicke.
* Der "Islamische Staat": Geschlagen, nicht besiegt. Herausforderung und Abwehr. Schriftenreihe der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung Band 10571, Bonn 2020, ISBN 978-3-7425-0571-2.