OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Song Qing (Qing dynasty)

Song Qing (simplified Chinese: 宋庆; traditional Chinese: 宋慶; pinyin: Sòng Qìng; Wade–Giles: Sung Ch'ing) (1820–1902), courtesy name Zhusan, was a Chinese general who served the Imperial government during the First Sino-Japanese War and in the Boxer Rebellion.
Song was a native of what is now Penglai City, Shandong Province. Passing his imperial examinations for bureaucratic positions, he was assigned as a magistrate to what is now Bozhou in Anhui Province. During the Nien Rebellion, he led a local army against the rebels in southern Henan Province and northern Anhui Province. In 1862, he was promoted to general, and awarded the title of Baturu. He later joined his forces to that of the Huai Army, and assisted Sengge Rinchen in the suppression of the Taiping rebellion, and subsequently (in 1869) fought in the Dungan revolt under the command of Zuo Zongtang.
From 1880, Song worked under Li Hongzhang towards overseeing the defence of Manchuria against the Russian Empire, and from 1882 had been stationed in strategic port of Lushunkou, home of the Beiyang Fleet, but did little in the decade that he was there to either strengthen its defenses or improve on the training of his men. After the Qing defeat at the Battle of Pyongyang in the First Sino-Japanese War, Li Hongzhang appointed Song as his deputy commander and assigned him the responsibility for defending the crossing of the Yalu River. However, the appointment was unpopular with his troops, who equated his lethargic attitude with cowardice, and who deserted in large numbers before and during the Battle of Jiuliancheng. Afterwards, Song assisted Viceroy Liu Kunyi at the equally disastrous Battle of Yingkou.
After the war, in 1898, Song was assigned to the garrison of Jinzhou in Liaoning Province. He participated in the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, fighting the Allied army at the Battle of Yangcun. He died of illness in Beijing in 1902.
# Liberty, Washington

Liberty is a community in Kittitas County, Washington, United States. Following the discovery of gold in Swauk creek in 1873, Liberty was one of several gold-mining camps that sprang up. The Swauk creek discovery is notable for producing specimens of crystalline gold.
Liberty was formerly known as Williams Creek. It was given its name in 1892 by Gus Nelson.
Liberty was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## Buildings in Liberty Historical District

Buildings contributing to the designation of Liberty Historical District include:
* Hotel and boarding house: a two-story woodframe structure built in the 1890s.
* Grocery store: a one-story woodframe structure built in the 1890s.
* Butcher shop: a one-story woodframe structure built in 1894.
* Log house: built in the 1890s by miners and moved from the Old Liberty Mine in 1944.
* Stage office: a one-room structure built in the 1890s.
# Đồng Khánh

Đồng Khánh (Hanoi:, chữ Hán: 同慶, lit. "collective celebration"; 19 February 1864 – 28 January 1889), born Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ (阮福膺祺) or Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Đường (阮福膺禟), also known as Chánh Mông (正蒙), was the ninth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam. He reigned four years between 1885 and 1889. His royal temple name was Cảnh Tông (景宗).

## Biography

Đồng Khánh was born on 19 February 1864 in the Imperial City of Huế. His childhood name was Chánh Mông because he was brought up in Chánh Mông palace. Đồng Khánh was the eldest son of Prince Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Cai, a son of emperor Thiệu Trị, and his concubine Bùi Thị Thanh.
As his uncle, Emperor Tự Đức, had no children, Đồng Khánh was adopted and given the title Kiên Giang quận công (Duke of Kiên Giang).

## Rule

After the French armies captured the city of Huế and the Imperial city fell to the French, the court regents Nguyễn Văn Tường and Tôn Thất Thuyết took the young Emperor Hàm Nghi and escaped from the Purple Forbidden City of Huế, and took him to Tân Sở in the mountains as the figurehead of a revolutionary movement against the French. To take away the legitimacy of Hàm Nghi, general de Courcy and résident de Champeaux of France asked the empress dowager Nghi Thiên to enthrone Hàm Nghi's elder half brother prince Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ. On 19 September 1885 with the backing of the governor of Annam, Prince Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ was crowned as the ninth emperor of Đại Nam with the era name of Đồng Khánh.
* Welcome ceremony of French diplomats by Emperor Đồng Khánh at Thái Hòa throne hall (太和殿), 1886
Đồng Khánh was pro-French, which was noted in the diary of Trần Trọng Kim:
   "Emperor Đồng Khánh had a gentle personality, loved to wear luxurious jewelry and adopted French culture[,] therefore [the] French colonial government gave favor to him. After the dethroned emperor Hàm Nghi fled to Quảng Bình, Đồng Khánh accepted the French request of travelling to Quảng Bình to persuade Hàm Nghi and his loyal subjects [to] surrender but [was] unsuccessful. After that, Hàm Nghi was betrayed by his loyal subject Trương Quang Ngọc [vi][;] then he was captured by [the] French and exiled [to] Algérie."

## Death

On 28 January 1889, Đồng Khánh died aged 24 after reigning for three years. He was granted the posthumous name Hoằng Liệt Thông Thiết Mẫn Huệ Thuần Hoàng Đế (弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝), with the temple name Cảnh Tông (景宗).
* Main gate to mausoleum of Đồng Khánh .
* Main temple of mausoleum, Ngưng Hy Điện(凝禧殿)
* Stele house in mausoleum of Đồng Khánh
* Statues of mandarins and elephants
In 1916, his son the Emperor Khải Định granted him the name Phối Thiên Minh Vận Hiếu Đức Nhân Vũ Vĩ Công Hoằng Liệt Thông Thiết Mẫn Huệ Thuần Hoàng Đế (配天明運孝德仁武偉功弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝). He was buried in Tư Lăng mausoleum (思陵), which is located at Dương Xuân Thượng village, Hương Thuỷ commune, Thừa Thiên Province.

## Gallery

* Posthumous portrait of Emperor Đồng Khánh.
* Emperor Đồng Khánh on his throne.
* Empress consort Hựu Thiên, wife of Đồng Khánh
* Empress consort Phụ Thiên, wife of Đồng Khánh
# Dallas phase

The Dallas phase (c. 1300–1600 CE) is an archaeological phase, within the Mississippian III period, in the South Appalachian Geologic province in North America.

## Geography

Dallas peoples moved into what is now southwest Virginia from northeastern Tennessee in the early 13th century. Dallas phase settlements ranged from along the Holston River to Cobb Island, and up the Nolichucky River and Little Pigeon Creek in Tennessee, and along the Clinch River in Virginia.

## Characteristics

The Dallas phase settlements typically have one to three platform mounds; however, some (40Un11 and 40An44) have no mounds at all. Their society was hierarchical. It is characterized by distinctions between nobles and commoners in burial practices. Elites were buried in mounds, unlike the remaining population. Artifacts included shell gorgets, ear pins, and beads.
Dallas peoples built "large log houses." Their towns had central plazas, surrounded by winter and summer homes.

### Ceramics

Dallas Ware pottery was tempered with mussel shells and featured lugs, incised decoration, notched fillets, and strap handles. Two distinct styles were Dallas Plain and Dallas Cordmarked.

## Sites

Dallas phase sites include the following:
* Bussell Island (40LD17), Loudon County, Tennessee
* Chiaha, Jefferson County, Tennessee
* Citico (40HA65), Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tennessee
* Cox site (40AN19), Anderson County, Tennessee
* David Davis Site (40HA301), Hamilton County, Tennessee
* DeArmond Site (40RE12), Roane County, Tennessee
* Fain's Island (40JE1), Jefferson County, Tennessee
* Henderson Site (40SV4), Sevier County, Tennessee
* Henry Farm Site (40LD53), Loudon County, Tennessee
* Hiwassee Island Site (40MG31), Meigs County, Tennessee
* Hixon Site (40HA3), Hamilton County, Tennessee
* McMahan Mound Site (40SV1), Sevier County, Tennessee
* Toqua (40MR6), Monroe County, Tennessee
Overhill Cherokee sites, such as Citico (40Mr7), Hiwassee Old Town (40Pk3), and Chilhowee (40Bt7) have Dallas phase artifacts; however, the Dallas phase is associated with ancestral Muscogee Creek peoples.

## Dates

In the same region, the Hiwassee Island phase ran from 1000 to 1250 CE, followed by Early Dallas from 1250–1450 CE. Late Dallas ranged from 1450–1650 CE, which was followed by the Overhill Cherokee and Mouse Creek phases.
# 1998 Zhangbei–Shangyi earthquake

The 1998 Zhangbei–Shangyi earthquake occurred at 11:50 local time on 10 January with a moment magnitude of 5.7 at a depth of 14.1 km. It struck the province of Hebei in Zhangjiakou. At least 70 people died, 11,500 were injured and a further 44,000 families were homeless in the wake of the event. Damage was reported in the town of Zhangbei, Hebei Province, as well as to sections of the Great Wall of China.

## Earthquake

According to the United States Geological Survey, the earthquake occurred as a result of shallow oblique-reverse faulting. The rupture likely occurred along a north northeast-south southwest striking, east-northeast dipping fault. Coseismic slip mainly occurred in the shallowest 8 km of the fault while the maximum slip is estimated at 0.55 m at depths of 4 to 5 km on the fault plane. No surface ruptures were observed as slip at the surface only measured 0.03 m; too small for any observable ground displacements. The absence of any surface ruptures could classify the event as a blind thrust earthquake.

## Impact

An area measuring 135 km$^2$ was assigned a maximum intensity of VIII on the China seismic intensity scale. According to local officials, there were a total of 49 deaths (some sources suggest 70), and 11,439 injured, 362 of them seriously. Of the 1,824 villages across 37 townships in 19 counties affected, 696 were impacted with serious results. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on January 20, stated that 12,000 people were injured, including over 1,200 in serious condition. Over 400,000 homes were severely damaged or destroyed, leaving 44,000 homeless. In Beijing, approximately 225.3 km (140.0 mi) southeast of the epicenter, office and apartment towers swayed.

## Affermath

Medical personnel and soldiers brought blankets and relief supplies to the affected villages. According to New China News Agency, citing officials, all homeless people were sheltered. Quilt tents were constructed by resque workers in affected villages. Evening television programs in Beijing were interrupted by broadcast of the earthquake. They also reassured the city's population was safe.
# Robert Marshall (cricketer, born 1869)

Robert Lionel Marshall (28 December 1869 – 15 January 1937) was an English first-class cricketer.
Marshall was born at Walsall in December 1869 and was educated at Repton School. He toured the West Indies with R. S. Lucas' XI in 1894–95, making his debut in first-class cricket on the tour against Barbados at Bridgetown. Marshall made seven further first-class appearances on the tour, playing additional matches against Demerara, Trinidad and Jamaica. He scored 55 runs on the tour at an average of 9.16 and a high score of 19 not out. With the ball, he took 5 wickets at a bowling average of 32.60 and best figures of 3 for 71. He died at Finchley in January 1937.
# 1969 Swindon by-election

The 1969 Swindon by-election of 30 October 1969 was held after Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Francis Noel-Baker resigned from the House of Commons. The seat was won by the Conservative Party in a defeat for Harold Wilson's government.

## Background

To defend the seat they had won with a majority of over 10,000 votes at the 1966 general election Labour chose David Stoddart, a member of Reading Borough Council since 1954 and leader of the Labour Party group on that council since 1962. He had previously stood as the Labour candidate for Newbury in the 1959 and 1964 general elections. The Conservatives, who had come second at the last election, chose Christopher Ward, a solicitor and member of Berkshire County Council.

## Result

Swindon by-Election, 1969 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Christopher Ward | 16,843 | 41.73 | +5.06 |
| | Labour | David Stoddart | 16,365 | 40.54 | −20.81 |
| | Liberal | Christopher Layton | 6,193 | 15.34 | New |
| | Communist | Judith Gradwell | 518 | 1.28 | −0.70 |
| | Young Socialist | Frank Willis | 446 | 1.10 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 478 | 1.19 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 40,365 | | |
| | Conservative gain from Labour | Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | +12.9 | |
General election 1966: Swindon :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labour | Francis Noel-Baker | 25,966 | 61.35 |
| | Conservative | NG Reece | 15,523 | 36.67 |
| | Communist | I Gradwell | 838 | 1.98 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,443 | 24.68 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 42,357 | 73.51 |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | |

## Aftermath

This was one of five by-elections held on the same day where Labour were trying to retain a seat that they held. While they held the other four seats, with the exception of Glasgow Gorbals, none of them was a comfortable hold, with Labour's majorities being significantly reduced by the Conservatives. The swing to the Conservatives in Swindon was 12.9%, which was much more than the 4% swing the Conservatives required if they were to win the next general election. This was the 14th seat that Labour had lost in a by-election since the 1966 general election.
A report in the following day's The Glasgow Herald argued the Liberal Party's "big challenge" in Swindon "possibly contributed to Labour's defeat", but also blamed "the Government's neglect of the constituency, having left it vacant since February."
At the following year's general election, Stoddart stood again as Labour's candidate and this time defeated Ward with a majority of 5,576 votes.
# Terepi

Terepi is a village in Põlva Parish, Põlva County in southeastern Estonia.
# Burnaby, British Columbia

Burnaby
# Graham Williams (footballer, born 1938)

Graham Evan Williams (born 2 April 1938) is a Welsh former footballer who played as a full back. He spent his entire 17-year professional career at West Bromwich Albion.

## Biography

Williams was born in Henllan, Denbighshire. He joined West Bromwich Albion as an amateur in September 1954 and turned professional in April 1955. He captained the side to victory in the 1966 Football League Cup Final and 1968 FA Cup Final, scoring in the second leg of the 1966 final against West Ham United. He also won 26 caps for Wales.
After leaving Albion in 1972 he took up the post of player-manager with Weymouth, with whom he remained until 1975. In November 1981, he was appointed chief coach of Cardiff City, taking over from Richie Morgan, who moved to a general manager's role. After a disastrous run of nine losses in fifteen games, both Williams and Morgan were sacked in February 1982, with Len Ashurst taking over at Ninian Park. Williams took several coaching jobs abroad including steering Finnish team RoPS to the quarter finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup. Later on in his career he served as the assistant manager of the Welsh national side under Bobby Gould, and held a scouting role at Cheltenham Town while Bobby Gould was manager of the team.
Following his coaching career and scouting for Cheltenham he went in to scouting of academy players for Newcastle, Chelsea and the Tottenham Hotspurs before retiring in 2019

## Honours

West Bromwich Albion
* FA Cup: 1967–68
# Lill Harriet Sandaune

Lill Harriet Sandaune (born 27 October 1973) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.
She has served as an elected member of the municipal council of Malvik Municipality and the Sør-Trøndelag county council. In the 2009 and 2013 elections she was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Sør-Trøndelag. When Per Sandberg became a member of Solberg's Cabinet, she moved up to regular representative.
She hails from Hommelvik and works as a teacher at Skjetlein Upper Secondary School.
# Al Hugayet Tower

Al Hugayet Tower is a tower in khobar, Saudi Arabia.
# Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973

The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 (c. 65) is an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that altered local government in Scotland on 16 May 1975.
The act followed and largely implemented the report of the Royal Commission on Local Government in Scotland in 1969 (the Wheatley Report), and it made the most far-reaching changes to Scottish local government in centuries. It swept away the counties, burghs and districts established by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947, which were largely based on units of local government dating from the Middle Ages, and replaced them with a uniform two-tier system of regional and district councils (except in the islands, which were given unitary, all-purpose councils).
In England and Wales, the Local Government Act 1972 established a similar system of two-tier administrative county and district councils.

## The act

The act abolished previous existing local government structures and created a two-tier system of regions and districts on the mainland and a unitary system in the islands. The former counties remained in use for land registration purposes.
The act also established the Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland, with the remit to make proposals to the Secretary of State for effecting changes which it thought desirable in the interests of effective and convenient local government. The Act also abolished the use of Fiars Prices for valuing grain.

## The new local government areas
### Districts

Several districts were later renamed: Merrick becoming Wigtown, Argyll to Argyll and Bute, Bishopbriggs and Kirkintilloch to Strathkelvin, Cumbernauld to Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, and Lanark to Clydesdale.

## Reaction and aftermath

Unlike the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales, the 1973 act in Scotland used the term region for the upper tier of the two-tier system. This has caused far less confusion over the identity of the counties in Scotland. The counties still enjoy wide public recognition. Even though they no longer play any direct part in local government, counties are used in many other systems: Royal Mail continued to use them as postal counties, and the Watsonian vice-counties, registration counties and many of the lieutenancy areas of Scotland are based on them.
However, the sheer size of some regions meant that it became cumbersome to administer all functions on a region-wide basis. By 1977 Strathclyde Regional Council had established unelected sub-regional councils, which resembled the county councils that the regional council had replaced.
The two-tier system of local government introduced by the act lasted until 1 April 1996 when the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 came into effect, abolishing the regions and districts and replacing them with 32 unitary authorities.
# Bethel Branch

Bethel Branch is a stream in Marion County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the Fabius River.
Bethel Branch took its name from a nearby church of the same name, which in turn was named after Bethel, a place mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
# Saeed Jones

Saeed Jones (born November 26, 1985) is an American writer and poet. His debut collection Prelude to Bruise was named a 2014 finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for poetry. His second book, a memoir, How We Fight for Our Lives won the Kirkus Prize for Nonfiction in 2019.

## Early life

Jones was born in Memphis, Tennessee and grew up in Lewisville, Texas. He attended college at Western Kentucky University, then earned an MFA in Creative Writing at Rutgers University–Newark.

## Career
### Poetry

Jones released his debut poetry chapbook in 2011. Titled When the Only Light is Fire, it was the top-selling book in the Gay Poetry category on Amazon for several weeks.
In 2014, Jones published his first full-length poetry collection, Prelude to Bruise. NPR called it "brilliant, unsparing," "visceral and affecting." The Kenyon Review said the work "evokes a perilous, often mythic, eroticism within a brutalizing context of violence." TIME Magazine recommended it as "an engrossing read best consumed in as few sittings as possible." It was a 2014 finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for poetry.
In September 2022, Jones published another poetry collection, Alive at the End of the World.
Jones has been a winner of the Pushcart Prize, the Joyce Osterwell Award for Poetry from the PEN Literary Awards, and the Stonewall Book Award-Barbara Gittings Award for Literature, and a nominee for the 2014 Lambda Literary Award for Gay Poetry. Jones has been featured on PBS NewsHour's poetry series and on So Popular! with Janet Mock on MSNBC. He was featured on the cover of Hello Mr. in 2015.

### Prose and other projects

Jones previously worked for BuzzFeed as the founding LGBT editor and its executive culture editor. While at BuzzFeed, Jones cohosted BuzzFeed News' morning show AM to DM from fall 2017 until mid-2019. Jones also wrote an advice column for BuzzFeed's READER newsletter entitled "Dear Ferocity."
His memoir How We Fight for Our Lives was published by Simon & Schuster in 2019. The New Yorker called the book's tone and content "urgent, immediate, matter of fact". NPR called it an "outstanding memoir" with "elements that profoundly connect him to poetry" and to "many of us who grew up dreaming of a chance at upward social mobility". The book won the Kirkus Prize for Nonfiction in 2019 and a Lambda Literary Award in 2020.
In 2022, Jones's interview with Debbie Millman was featured on the Storybound (podcast) season 5 premiere.
Jones is one of the hosts of the Vibe Check podcast.

## Personal life

Jones lives in Columbus, Ohio.
Jones was brought up to practice Nichiren Buddhism and still does today.