OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kingsley Eze Emu

Kingsley Eze Emu (born December 27 1959) is a Nigerian banker, financial consultant, entrepreneur, and public servant known for his contributions to both the private and public sectors.

## Early life and education

Emu was born in Owanta, a town in the Ika North East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Currently serving as the Secretary to the State Government (SSG) to the Governor of Delta State.

## Career

Emu began his career in 1989 at the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and subsequently held senior roles at major financial institutions, including Group Merchant Bank, Fidelity Bank, and FinBank PLC, among others. he served as Group Executive for Retail and e-Business at FinBank until his resignation in 2010. Beyond banking, Emu has been involved in ventures such as Benizia Group and Hotel Benizia Ltd.
Emu began his public service career in 2011 with the Delta State Government. He served as Commissioner for Commerce and Industry from 2011 to 2014, contributing to economic policy formulation. From 2015 to 2019, he held the position of Commissioner for Economic Planning, overseeing development initiatives and resource allocation.
Between 2019 and 2023, Emu served as the Chief Economic Adviser to former Delta State Governor Ifeanyi Okowa, In 2023, he was appointed Secretary to the Delta State Government, where he oversees the state's administrative framework and strategic governance.

## Controversy

In 2023, a criminal syndicate was apprehended for allegedly impersonating Kingsley Eze Emu to defraud victims of millions of naira. The case highlighted the challenges of identity theft and financial fraud in Nigeria.
# Elutriation

Elutriation is a process for separating particles based on their size, shape and density, using a stream of gas or liquid flowing in a direction usually opposite to the direction of sedimentation. This method is mainly used for particles smaller than 1 μm. The smaller or lighter particles rise to the top (overflow) because their terminal sedimentation velocities are lower than the velocity of the rising fluid. The terminal velocity of any particle in any medium can be calculated using Stokes' law if the particle's Reynolds number is below 0.2. Counterflow centrifugation elutriation is a related technique to separate cells.

## Air classification

An air elutriator is a simple device which can separate particles into two or more groups.
Material may be separated by means of an elutriator, which consists of a vertical tube up which fluid is passed at a controlled velocity. When the particles are introduced, often through a side tube, the smaller particles are carried over in the fluid stream while the larger particles settle against the upward current. If one starts with low flow rates, small less dense particles attain their terminal velocities, and flow with the stream. The particle from the stream is collected in overflow and hence will be separated from the feed. Flow rates can be increased to separate higher size ranges. Further size fractions may be collected if the overflow from the first tube is passed vertically upwards through a second tube of greater cross-section, and any number of such tubes can be arranged in series.

## Geology

Pyroclastic flows from volcanoes are associated with elutriation. Coarser material is confined to near the ground and the finer particles rise buoyantly toward the top.

### Mineral Processing

It is used in mineral processing for size classification. The elutriation dust value is a usual measure for quantification of dust, generated by testing wherein mechanical forces such as vibration are applied to granules of e.g. a detergent agent.

## Biology
### Laboratory separations of single cells

Centrifugal elutriation has been used for the separation of fission yeast by cell cycle status.

### Biological Sediment Processing

Elutriation is a common method used by biologists to sample meiofauna. The sediment sample is constantly agitated by a flow of filtered water from below, the action of which dislodges interstitial organisms embedded between sediment grains. A very fine filter at the top captures these organisms from the overflow.
# Alex Varkatzas

Alex Varkatzas (born January 17, 1982) is an American musician, best known as the former lead vocalist of metalcore band Atreyu from its inception in 1998 until his departure from the band in 2020. In 2011, during the band's hiatus, Varkatzas also started a hardcore project with Bleeding Through vocalist Brandan Schieppati named I Am War. He is currently the vocalist for Dead Icarus.

## Atreyu

At 14, Varkatzas, along with guitarist Dan Jacobs and drummer Brandon Saller, formed a punk band called Retribution. By 1998, when Varkatzas was 16, Retribution developed a heavier style and changed names to Atreyu, as seen on their 1998 independent release, Visions. After their 2001 EP, Fractures in the Facade of Your Porcelain Beauty, fell into the hands of Victory Records, the band signed to Victory and released their debut album, Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses in 2002. Since then, the band has released four other albums before embarking on hiatus,: The Curse in 2004, A Death-Grip on Yesterday in 2006, Lead Sails Paper Anchor in 2007, and Congregation of the Damned in 2009. After ten years of worldwide success, the band went on hiatus.
On July 1, 2014, the band officially announced their return from hiatus by playing several festivals including Aftershock and Slipknot's Knotfest. A new single was released on their official YouTube channel titled "So Others May Live" and plans for a new album titled "Long Live". Long Live was released on September 18, 2015. Furthermore, a second album called "In Our Wake" was released on October 12, 2018. 3 singles have been released so far including a music Video for the song In our wake. Another single, “Super Hero” was written by the band, along with Aaron Gillespie of Underoath and M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold providing guest vocals in the verses.
On August 22, 2020, news began circulating that Varkatzas had parted ways with Atreyu; however, the singer himself later confirmed that it was just a rumor. However, on September 30, 2020, Varkatzas and Atreyu both released statements confirming his departure.

## I Am War

After Atreyu went on a hiatus in 2011, Varkatzas started a hardcore project named I Am War with Brandan Schieppati of Bleeding Through. The band released an album entitled Outlive You All in 2012.

## Dead Icarus

In June 2021, Varkatzas announced the name of his new band, Dead Icarus.
On August 11, 2023, the band released their first single, "Sellout", and announced they had signed with MNRK Heavy. The band would release their debut EP titled Ad Infernum on March 13, 2024 and their debut studio album titled ZEALOT on October 31, 2024.
Dead Icarus consists of himself, Gabe Mangold (guitarist for Enterprise Earth) and Brandon Zackey (drummer for Whitechapel).
# Merlien Welzijn

Merlien Welzijn (born 20 December 1973) is a Suriname-born Dutch politician of the New Social Contract (NSC) who was elected to the House of Representatives in the 2023 general election.

## Biography

Welzijn is of Surinamese descent. She has an older brother and two younger sisters. When Welzijn was around seven, her parents separated, and her father took care of the children. They were homeless for a year, staying at family and friends. Welzijn cited the experience as her reason to become politically active. Before her election, she served as board member of a housing corporation.
She ran for the House of Representatives in November 2023 as NSC's tenth candidate, and she was elected. Her portfolio contains housing, poverty, participation, and child care. Welzijn advocated for addressing a student housing shortage by encouraging homeowners to rent out rooms. She suggested increasing the allowed lodgings per house from one to two and relaxing rent protection regulations to permit eviction when a house is sold. During budget debates, she proposed to identify and bundle delayed housing projects such that they could be expedited, in a similar fashion to the Crisis and Recovery Act [nl] for infrastructure projects. She encouraged housing minister Mona Keijzer to negotiate mainly with housing corporations instead of private investors to ensure the affordability of new homes.

### House committee assignments

* Committee for Social Affairs and Employment
* Committee for Housing and Spatial Planning
* Committee for Climate Policy and Green Growth
* Delegation to the Interparliamentary Committee on the Dutch Language Union

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Merlien Welzijn :
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Result | Result | Ref. |
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Party seats | Individual | Ref. |
| 2023 | House of Representatives | | New Social Contract | 10 | 3,496 | 20 | Won | |
# Professional–managerial class

In politics and sociology PMC may refer to Politico-media complex
The term professional–managerial class (PMC) refers to a social class within capitalism that, by controlling production processes through occupying a superior management position, is neither proletarian nor bourgeoisie. Conceived as "The New Class" by social scientists and critics such as Daniel Patrick Moynihan in the 1970s, this group of middle class professionals is distinguished from other social classes by their training and education, typically business qualifications and university degrees, with occupations thought to offer influence on society that would otherwise be available only to capital owners. The professional–managerial class tend to have incomes above the average for their country, with major exceptions being academia and print journalism.

## History

James Burnham had proposed the idea of a leading managerial class in his 1941 book The Managerial Revolution, but the term "professional–managerial class" was coined in 1977 by John and Barbara Ehrenreich. The PMC hypothesis contributed to the Marxist debates on class in Fordism and was used as an analytical category in the examination of non-proletarian employees. However, orthodox Marxists consider the PMC hypothesis to be revisionism of the Marxist understanding of class.
The Ehrenreichs defined the PMC as educated professionals who historically did not work in corporate environments, such as scientists, lawyers, academics, artists, and journalists. In a 2013 follow-up, they estimated that in the 1930s, PMC occupations made up less than 1% of total U.S. employment, but the share had risen to 24% by 1972, and 35% by 2006. In that same essay, they argued that the notion of the PMC as a collective grouping was "in ruins" due to economic shifts in the 1990s and 2000s which changed their professional prospects. Some members (such as highly qualified scientists) "jump[ed] ship for more lucrative posts in direct services to capital"; others (such as lawyers, tenured professors, and doctors) found themselves in increasingly "corporation-like" workplaces; while others still (like those with backgrounds in media or the humanities) "spiral[ed] down to the retail workforce", unable to parlay their skills into higher-income jobs.

### Later use

By the late 2010s, the term was more broadly used in American political discourse as a shorthand reference to technocratic liberals or wealthy Democratic voters. Among left-wing commentators, it is typically used as a pejorative description; in 2019, Barbara Ehrenreich expressed disapproval over using the term as an "ultraleft slur". Catherine Liu, in Virtue Hoarders (2021), characterized the PMC as white-collar left liberals afflicted with a superiority complex in relation to ordinary members of the working class. Hans Magnus Enzensberger had previously written of the "characterless opportunism" of its members, in reference to its constant shifting of allegiances, not only between the leisured and working classes but also among themselves.
# Jaime Santiago

Jaime Santiago Villalongo (born 17 September 1942) is a Puerto Rican former sports shooter. He competed in the 50 metre rifle, prone event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He is a member of Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity.
# Associação Esportiva Guaratinguetá

Associação Esportiva Guaratinguetá, simply known as Esportiva, is a Brazilian inactive professional football club based in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo.

## History

Founded in 1915 as Associação Sportiva Guaratinguetá, it played in competitions in the countryside of APEA until the 1930s. It entered professional football in 1954, being champion of the second division in 1960, and thus competing in the elite of the Campeonato Paulista from 1961 to 1964, including defeated Pelé's Santos FC on two occasions.
The club played in the lower divisions of the state championship until 1998, when, due to accumulated debts, abandoned professional football, opening space for the creation of Guaratinguetá Futebol, which represented the city in the 2000s. Still counting on the affection and enthusiasm of the city's fans, Esportiva's return to professional football was speculated on several occasions. As of 2020, the club returned to competing in youth category competitions.

## Honours

* Campeonato Paulista Série A2
** Winners (1): 1960
# Tosia neossia

Tosia neossia is a species of endemic Australian starfish in the family Goniasteridae.
Tosia neossia lives in littoral areas, in rock pools, and in shallow waters not exceeding 26 metres (85 ft) deep, both in open areas and hidden under rocks. It is distributed along the southern coast of the Australian state of Victoria, in the extreme southeastern coast of South Australia, and around Tasmania and the Bass Strait, making it an endemic Australian species.
Tosia neossia is carnivorous and feeds on sponges and other invertebrates.
Tosia neossia eggs are orange and measure about 700 μm.
# Herman Fialkov

Herman Fialkov (23 March 1922 – 21 February 2012) was an American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and philanthropist. He is best known for co-founding the General Transistor Corp. in 1954, a technology company that became a pioneer of microchips. He graduated from New York University Tandon School of Engineering, formerly known as the Polytechnic Institute of New York University.

## Life and career

He was born on 23 March 1922 in Brooklyn, New York the son of two Jewish immigrants, Pearl (née Heinish) and Isidore Fialkov. Growing up on welfare during the Great Depression, he delivered milk before school to earn money for the family.
He served in the U.S. Army during World War II, earning the Bronze Star Medal with two Oak leaf clusters during the Battle of the Bulge. Thanks to the G.I. Bill he was able to earn a bachelor's degree in administrative engineering from the Polytechnic University of New York in 1951. He worked at Emerson Radio from 1946–1947, Mutual Broadcasting System from 1947-1949 and the Radio Receptor Company from 1949 - 1954.
In 1954 he co-founded General Transistor Corporation, a technology company that became a pioneer of microchips. When General Transistor merged with General Instrument Corp. in 1960, Fialkov convinced General Instrument's leadership to venture into cable television, purchasing Jerrold Electronics – a company that ultimately evolved into Comcast.
In 1968, Fialkov founded his own venture capital firm, Geiger and Fialkov and also set up several others, including Aleph Null and Polyventures. He served as a partner in the Jericho-based venture capital firm Newlight Associates until 2004. In his more than 40 years in venture capital, Fialkov provided investments that helped finance the startup or early development of many international tech companies including Intel, Teledyne and Long Island-based Envision, Standard Microsystems and Globecomm Systems.
In 1999, global accounting firm Ernst & Young honored Fialkov with a lifetime achievement award for entrepreneurship. In 2004, the Long Island Capital Alliance named an annual award after him.
In 1942, he married the former Elaine Dampf (died 1998). They had two children, Carol and Jay.
# Logan Township, Dickinson County, Kansas

Logan Township is a township in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 202.
Logan Township was organized in 1877.

## Geography

Logan Township covers an area of 36.21 square miles (93.8 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Belle Spring and Scheiller.
# Margus Kolga

Margus Kolga (born 1 May 1966) is an Estonian diplomat. He graduated from the University of Tartu's Faculty of History in 1992. After graduation, he joined the Ministry of Defence of Estonia, where until 1994 he served as a desk officer in the Supply and Logistics Department. In 1994 he was promoted to the post of the Head of the Bureau of Defence Policy and from 1995 he worked as Head of the Department of the Security Policy. He served as the deputy (and acting) chancellor on defense policy for Estonia from 1996 to 2003. During this period Margus Kolga was actively involved in Estonia's NATO integration process and headed the Governmental Interagency Task Force for NATO membership. From 2003 to 2007 he worked as a senior research fellow in the Baltic Defence College and was responsible for the organising and support of the newly established Higher Command Studies Course (HCSC). In 2007 Margus Kolga joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia as the Director General of the 1st Political Department (Security Policy and International Organisations) until 2010. From 2010-2015 he served as the Permanent Representative of Estonia to the United Nations. In 2015 he was seconded to the State Chancellery to coordinate the drafting of the new Security Policy Strategy. In 2016 he returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and took his position as head of the UN Security Council Campaign Task Force.
Since 2004 he has been a Co-chairman of the Estonian Defence and Military Terminology Commission and Member of the Military Educational Board of Estonia. From 2006 to 2011 he held the post of Academic Director for the Estonian State Defence Course, a course that aims to educate Estonian senior state officials, civil servants and opinion leaders in defence and security issues. After relinquishing his work in United Nations in 2015 he was nominated again to the post of Academic Director of the Course.
Margus Kolga is decorated with the Order of the White Star Fourth Class and the Service Cross of the Ministry of Defence First Class.
He has a wife, a son and two daughters.

## Controversy

In May 2003, he resigned his office following allegations that he abused his position, commissioning translations for the Ministry of Defence from a company owned by his wife. It was also alleged he shared state secrets with his wife and forged the signature of his superior.
In July 2003, he was convicted by the Tallinn City Court, having admitted his guilt, and fined 48,600 kroons.
# Wilde River

Wilde River is a river in Seekonk, Massachusetts and Pawtucket, Rhode Island. It begins at Bittersweet Pond in Seekonk and flows 5.2 miles to its confluence with the Ten Mile River in Pawtucket.

## Crossings

* Seekonk
** Woodland Ave
** Pine Street
** Newman Ave (RT 152)

## West Branch

West Branch Wilde River is a small river in Seekonk that begins in an unnamed pond and flows 2 miles to its junction with Wilde River.

### Crossings

* Seekonk
** Pine Street
** Tower Road
# 181st Armed Police Mobile Division

The 181st Armed Police Mobile Division is a military formation of the People's Armed Police of the People's Republic of China.
The 181st Division (Chinese: 第2师) was created in January 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948. The division's predecessor was the Yuxi Anti-Japanese Independence Detachment of the Eighth Route Army, which was formed by the 3rd and 35th Regiments of the Taihang Military Region on September 6, 1944.
In March 1951, the 181st Division transferred to the 60th Corps and served in the Korean War. It returned to China in September 1953. In 1954 it served as an exercise and demonstration formation.
From December 1969 to January 1985, it was numbered the 180th Division. It was transferred to the 1st Army in September 1985, and became part of the People's Armed Police in 1996.
# Malisa Sarntinoranont

Malisa Sarntinoranont is an American biomechanical engineer whose research focuses on medical implants, drug delivery, and the computational analysis of soft tissue needed to guide drug delivery. She is a professor in the Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering at the University of Florida, and associate department chair for academic affairs.

## Education and career

Sarntinoranont is originally from Florida, and grew up in Starke, Clermont, and Gainesville, Florida. After studying mechanical engineering as an undergraduate at Georgia Tech, she went to the University of California, Berkeley for graduate study, focusing there on the biomechanics of cancer tumor tissue. She has a master's degree and Ph.D. from Berkeley, completed in 1999.
After post-doctoral research, she joined the University of Florida in 2003.

## Recognition

Sarntinoranont was named as an ASME Fellow in 2017.
# Johannes Brinkman

Johannes Andreas Brinkman (22 March 1902 – 6 May 1949), also known as Jan Brinkman, was a Dutch architect and exponent of Nieuwe Bouwen, modern architecture in the Netherlands.

## Early life and education

Johannes Andreas Brinkman, known s "Jan", was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, in 1902. He was the son of architect Michiel Brinkman (1873–1925), who established a firm in Rotterdam in 1910 and was known for designing the Spangen neighbourhood of Rotterdam in 1922.
Johannes studied civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology (Dutch: Technische Universiteit Delft).

## Career

After the death of his father in 1925, Brinkman took charge of his architectural firm and entered into a partnership with architect Leendert van der Vlugt. The results of that collaboration include the Van Nelle Factory and the Feijenoord Stadion.
After the death of Van der Vlugt in 1936, Brinkman teamed up with architect Johannes Hendrik van den Broek. The firm's work during this time including a new Rotterdam Cruise Terminal for the Holland-America Line.

## Death

Brinkman died on 6 May 1949. Architect Jaap Bakema joined the firm, which in 1951 was renamed Architectenbureau Van den Broek en Bakema and today is known as Broekbakema [nl].

## Works

* Van der Leeuw House, Rotterdam (1930)
* Van Nelle Factory, Rotterdam (1931)
* Sonneveld House, Rotterdam (1932)
* Stadion Feyenoord, Rotterdam (1937)
* Cruise Terminal, Rotterdam (1946)