OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1st Colorado Infantry Regiment

The 1st Colorado Infantry Regiment (officially the 1st Regiment of Colorado Volunteers) was a volunteer infantry regiment of the United States Army formed in the Colorado Territory in 1861 and active in the American West in the late 19th century.

## History

The regiment was formed shortly after the outbreak of the American Civil War by order of William Gilpin, the first governor of the territory. Recruiters began enlisting men in August 1861, just six months after the organization of the territory. Known as "Gilpin's Pet Lambs" for the involvement of the governor in its formation, the regiment served in the Western Theater, at first serving in various detachments throughout the territory.
The regiment's most notable service came in the New Mexico Campaign in the spring of 1862, in which they helped repulse the advance of the Army of New Mexico under Henry Hopkins Sibley at the battles of Glorieta Pass and Peralta.
In November 1862, the unit was reorganized along with Companies C and D of the 2nd Colorado Infantry into the 1st Colorado Cavalry. (This was done since the US War Department believed cavalry would be better in protecting the Western trails and for fighting the various Indian tribes.)
The first colonel of the regiment was John P. Slough, replaced in April 1862 by Major John Chivington, later chastised for his role as commander of the 3rd Colorado Cavalry in the November 1864 Sand Creek Massacre.
There is a group of reenactors who portray the First Colorado (Company D) in Denver. The unit celebrated 50 years in 2024.
# Darvell Huffman

Darvell Huffman (born May 5, 1967) is an American former professional football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Indianapolis Colts. He played college football at Boston University and was selected in the ninth round of the 1990 NFL draft.

## Playing career
### College

Prior to attending Boston he attended Newton South High School in Massachusetts where he was a stand out in football. He was a walk on at Boston University. Huffman was AP Honorable Mention All American at Boston University

### Professional

Huffman played for the Indianapolis Colts, Canadian Football League and the Charlotte Rage of the Arena Football League.

## Coaching career and other work

Huffman turned to coaching high school football at Cathedral High School in Indianapolis and Noblesville High School in Noblesville, Indiana. Huffman coached for 13 years.
National Football League Alumni Indianapolis Chapter Secretary since 2002. January 23, 2014 the Indianapolis Chapter donated $35,000 I U Health Neuroscience.
# Lefaucheux-Francotte M. 71

Lefaucheux-Francotte M. 71 or Revolver m/1871 was a 19th-century Belgian revolver made for Swedish military. It was also the first service revolver of the Principality of Serbia.

## Production

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Auguste Francotte of Liege was one of the largest Belgian arms factories, mostly manufacturing rifles and revolvers for export. Francotte's first breechloading revolver was Model 1865, double action revolver chambered for 11 mm pinfire cartridges, made for the Danish Navy.

## Design

Revolver m/1871 has a Lefaucheux-Francotte double action system with solid frame and fixed cylinder, with no mechanical extractor. Made for Swedish army, it was chambered for 11 mm centerfire cartridges. In 1875, Principality of Serbia bought several thousands of these revolvers for the Serbian military.
Model 1871 was a very similar, but slightly smaller weapon made at the same time for the Danish military, but chambered for 11 mm pinfire cartridges.
# 15 May Organization

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Founded in 1979, the 15 May Organization or Abu Ibrahim Faction was a minor breakout faction from Wadie Haddad's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations (PFLP-EO).

## History

The name is drawn from 15 May 1948, the day that the British Mandate over Palestine ended and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War began.
The group was led by Muhammad al-Umari (kunya: Abu Ibrahim), and took credit for several bombings of international targets in the early 1980s, including hotels and airliners, but is believed to have disbanded after members joined Fatah radical Col. Hawari's Fatah Special Operations Group.

## Operations

In 1980, in the group's first attack was against the Royal Hotel in London, England, ostensibly because of its high number of Jewish patrons. The 21-year-old Palestinian-Iraqi Mohammed Zuhair travelled from Baghdad into an unnamed European country, and finally arrived in London, with several kilograms of plastic explosives hidden inside his suitcase. He rented a room in the centre of the fifth floor, where Ibrahim had hoped an explosion might cause enough structural damage to cause the building to collapse. The bomb detonated prematurely on 17 January however, and killed only Zuhair himself; injuring several hotel guests. After his death, his photograph was hung in one of Ibrahim's safe houses, and Capt. Mohammed Rashid named his son after Zuhair.
In 1981, the group organised the bombing of Israeli airline El Al offices in Rome and Istanbul, as well as the Israeli embassies in Athens and Vienna.
The following year, the group unsuccessfully attempted to bomb a Pan Am flight in Rio de Janeiro, and then successfully detonated a bomb, killing only one passenger, aboard Pan Am Flight 830 on 11 August. The latter attack was orchestrated by Rashid, who was imprisoned for his actions.
In 1985, the group recruited a Tunisian to carry out a bombing attack against a department store in Paris in February.

## Downfall

The 15 May Organization is believed to have been sponsored by Iraq, and founder Abu Ibrahim was believed by US authorities to have relocated there after the group disbanded.
Twenty days after the unsuccessful bombing by Rashid, construction contractor Adnan Awad turned himself over to the American Embassy in Saudi Arabia and claimed that he had been pressured into joining the group. He was turned over to the Swiss, but later returned to the United States to help secure indictment against the 15 May leadership. With his aid, American intelligence agencies determined that it was the 15 May Organization that had constructed the bomb aboard Pan Am Flight 830.
Abu Ibrahim was placed on the FBI's most wanted in June 2009
# Jordanian Progressive Party

Jordanian Progressive Party (Arabic: الحزب التقدمي الأردني, Al-Hizb al-Taqadumiu al-'Urduniyu) is a Jordanian political party. The party emerged from a split in the Jordanian People's Democratic Party, parallel to the split in the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine over the Oslo Agreements. The founders of the Jordanian Progressive Party sided with Yasser Abd Rabbo in the split. The party was registered with Jordanian authorities in 1993. The general secretary of the party is Fawaz Mahmood Muflih Zou′bi, MP. Na′el Emran Barakat is the deputy general secretary.
The party publishes al-Huriyyah.
# Maryse

Maryse is a given name. Notable persons with this name include:
* Maryse Alberti, cinematographer
* Maryse Condé, author
* Maryse Dauvray, actress
* Maryse Lassonde, neuropsychologist
* Maryse Liburdi (formerly Maryse Thomas), CEO
* Maryse Marpsat, sociologist
* Maryse Joissains-Masini (formerly Maryse Charton), politician
* Maryse Mitsouko, actress
* Maryse Mizanin (formerly Maryse Ouellet), professional wrestler
* Maryse Warda, translator

## Other uses

* Maryse or Maurice, a type of cooking spatula
# Kwame Addo-Kufuor Jnr

Kwame Addo-Kufuor Jnr was a Ghanaian finance and mining executive who served as the president of the Ghana Chamber of Mines and the first president of the General Assembly of the ECOWAS Federation of Chambers of Mines (EFEDCOM).

## Early life and education

Addo-Kufuor Jnr was born to Kwame Addo-Kufuor. He holds a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Henley Business School with first-class degree in Business Administration from the University of Ghana. Addo-Kufuor Jnr was a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales and a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ghana

## Career

Addo-Kufuor Jnr began his career with AngloGold Ashanti, where he held roles, including director, vice president of corporate affairs, and head of finance for AngloGold Ashanti’s West Africa Operations. He later joined Newmont Africa, where he held the positions of Regional Chief Financial Office and Regional Vice president for Government Relations.
In 2016 he was appointed as the president of the Ghana Chamber of Mines until 2018

## Death

Addo-Kufuor Jnr died on 27 November 2024
# Dorothea Krook-Gilead

Dorothea Krook-Gilead (Hebrew: דורותיאה קרוק-גלעד; b. 11 February 1920 d. 13 November 1989) was an Israeli literary scholar, translator, and professor of English literature at the University of Cambridge, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and at Tel Aviv University.

## Biography

Krook was born in Riga, Latvia and moved to South Africa at the age of eight. She earned a degree in English literature at the University of Cape Town. In 1946 she was awarded a scholarship to Newnham College, at the University of Cambridge, where she earned her Ph.D. and spent 14 years as a research fellow and assistant lecturer. Among her students there was the poet Sylvia Plath, who wrote that Krook was her ideal of a successful career woman and wonderful human being. While at Newnham, Krook published her first major critical work, Three Traditions of Moral Thought.
In 1960, she emigrated to Israel and began teaching at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the Department of English Literature.
Krook married the poet Zerubavel Gilad in 1968 and became a member of Kibbutz Ein Harod. She translated many of his poems into English.
Krook died on 13 November 1989.

## Awards and honours

* In 1973, Krook was awarded the Israel Prize in the humanities.
* In 1974, she became a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

## Published works

* Three traditions of moral thought New York, Cambridge University Press, 1959
* The Ordeal of Consciousness in Henry James Cambridge, England 1962
* Elements of tragedy Yale University Press, 1969
* John Sergeant and his circle: a study of three seventeenth-century English Aristotelians (with Beverly C. Southgate) E.J. Brill, 1993
# Matthew Brady (footballer)

Matthew Brady (born 27 October 1977) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Barnet and Wycombe Wanderers.
# Maughold Head Mining Company

The Maughold Head Mining Company was a mining company formed to explorate around the area of Maughold Head on the Isle of Man. The company's registered offices were at 30, John St, Bedford Row, London.

## History

The company was formed with the intention of working two important mining setts in the Parish of Maughold comprising a total area of 445 acres, and which essentially comprised the Maughold Head Mine and the Dhyrnane Mine. The company comprised a called up capital of £25,000 in the form of £2 shares. The directors of the company included Thomas Hazledine, who also had an interest in mining ventures in Cornwall – notably the Phoenix United Mine and Charles Cleator who was Chairman of the Douglas Town Commissioners and a director of the Great Laxey Mine. The company secretary was William Mapleson.
However the yield realised from the mine workings never compared to that of the company's prospectus and in February 1874, less than a year after its inception, the Maughold Head Mining Company went into liquidation. Despite its operations being confined to the Isle of Man the Maughold Head Mining Company was never registered on the Isle of Man under the Companies' Act. The company remained in liquidation for a considerable time, the winding up being unable to be undertaken on the Isle of Man as the company was registered in the United Kingdom, a completely separate jurisdiction.
A protracted litigation of the creditors against the company continued finally being settled in 1881 following which the company was wound up.
# Meridian Records

Meridian Records is a British independent record label based in London. Having been founded in 1977, Meridian has celebrated more than a third of a century of recording classical music in its well regarded 'natural sound'.
Meridian has traditionally specialised in recording relatively unknown works and/or artists at the beginning of their careers. Accordingly, it has played an important part in creating the early reputations of musicians as diverse as The Sixteen, solo and chamber pianist Christine Croshaw, clarinetist Anna Hashimoto, tenor Ian Partridge, pianist John Bingham, the Lindsay Quartet, Onyx Brass, and organist David Sanger, among others. Distinguished musicians from all over the globe have recorded on the label, including a series of releases by pianist Fou Ts'ong ("the greatest living Chinese performer" according to Timeout magazine), as well as South African virtuoso double-bassist Leon Bosch – a favourite on Classic FM, BBC Radio 3 and Radio 4.
Meridian has also played a role in educating those who want to get into the classical music recording business, being one of the earliest record labels to pioneer a training and internship scheme at its Greenwich base.
# Thomas Christie (physician)

Thomas Christie, LRCP (1772/73–1829) was a Scottish physician, notable for his work on the treatment of smallpox in Ceylon.

## Life

Thomas Christie was born at Carnwath, Lanarkshire, in 1772 or 1773. After education in the University of Aberdeen, he entered the service of the East India Company as a surgeon to one of their regiments, and was sent to Trincomalee in 1797. He was made superintendent of military hospitals in 1800, and soon after head of the smallpox hospitals in Ceylon. The systematic introduction of vaccination into the island in 1802 and the general substitution of vaccination for inoculation were effected by Christie. He served in the Kandyan War of 1803, worked hard for several years at medical improvements in several parts of Ceylon, and returned from the East in February 1810, and immediately proceeded M.D. at Aberdeen.
At the end of the same year Christie became a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, at once began private practice at Cheltenham, and in 1811 published there An Account of the Introduction, Progress, and Success of Vaccination in Ceylon. This, his only book, is based upon official reports and letters written during his residence in Ceylon. In 1799 and 1800, as in many previous years, smallpox raged throughout the island. The natives used to abandon their villages and the sick, and at Errore, Christie found the huts in ruins from the inroad of elephants, bears, and hogs which had trampled down all the fences and gardens, and had eaten the stores of grain and some of the bodies of the dead or dying. Inoculation was practised, but did not check the epidemics, and the native population was averse to it. After some unsuccessful efforts active vaccine lymph was obtained from Bombay, whither it had come from an English surgeon at Baghdad, by way of Bussorah. Christie at once began vaccination, and by continued care and perseverance spread the practice throughout the island, so that by 1806 smallpox only existed in one district, that of the pearl fishery, to which strangers continually reintroduced the disease. In the course of his labours Christie made the original observation that lepers are not exempt from small-pox, are protected by vaccination, and may be vaccinated without danger.
In 1813, through the influence of his friend Sir Walter Farquhar, the physician, Christie was made physician extraordinary to the Prince Regent. He continued to practise at Cheltenham till his death on 11 October 1829.

## Works

He was the author of:
* An Account of the Ravages committed in Ceylon by Small-pox previously to the Introduction of Vaccination: with a Statement of the Circumstances attending the Introduction, Progress, and Success of Vaccine Inoculation in that Island. 8vo. (London, 1811)
# Ex gratia

Ex gratia (/ˌɛks ˈɡreɪʃ(i)ə/; also spelled ex-gratia) is Latin for "by favor", and is most often used in a legal context. When something has been done ex gratia, it has been done voluntarily, out of kindness or grace. In law, an ex gratia payment is a payment made without the giver recognising any liability or legal obligation.

## Examples

Compensation payments are often made ex gratia if a government or organization is prepared to compensate victims of an event such as an accident or similar but not to admit liability to pay compensation or for causing the event.
* A company conducting layoffs may make an ex gratia payment to the affected employees that is greater than the statutory payment required by the law, perhaps if those employees had a long and well-performing service with the company.
* An insurance company may make an ex gratia payment to customers if a claim does not meet the terms and conditions but the company chooses to make a voluntary payment out of kindness or compassion, without recognizing any obligation to make such a payment.
* When the USS Vincennes fired upon Iran Air Flight 655 in 1988, killing some 290 people, the US President decided that the United States would offer compensation, on an ex gratia basis, to the families of the victims.
* In a more routine context, Suffolk County Council's document "Ex-Gratia Payments for Loss of or Damage to Personal Property" shows how an education authority compensates victims for damage but without accepting a liability to do so.
* Following the 1994 Black Hawk shootdown incident, on 26 August 1994, the US Department of Defense announced that it would pay $100,000 in compensation to the families of each of the non-US personnel killed in the friendly-fire incident.
* Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh announced ex gratia payments of 100,000 rupees (about US$2,000) to the next of kin of those who died in the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings. Those injured would be given ₹50,000 (about US$1,000) each.
* The prime minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi, announced in June 2008 undisclosed ex gratia payments to the judges who were affected during the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis.
* Malaysia Airlines offered an ex gratia condolence payment of US$50,000 to the families of each passenger aboard the missing (assumed crashed) flight MH370, but those affected have considered the conditions unacceptable and have asked the airline to review them.
* In 2016, the New Zealand government awarded David Bain an ex gratia payment of NZ$925,000. While Bain had been acquitted of murdering his family in a retrial held in 2009, the defence had failed to prove his innocence.
# The Blues Chronicles: Tales of Life

The Blues Chronicles: Tales of Life is an album by the American musician Gary Bartz, released in 1996. It is a concept album about the history of the blues. Bartz supported the album with live dates and festival appearances.

## Production

Bartz was backed by James King on bass, Tom Williams on trumpet, George Colligan on piano, and Greg Bandy on drums. Jon Hendricks sang on "Come with Me". Cyrus Chestnut played piano on a few tracks. Russell Malone played guitar on "One Million Blues". Bartz drew on memories of his Baltimore childhood in composing many of the songs. He recorded neighborhood folks for some of the "Hustler's Holler" tracks. "Lively Up Yourself" is a cover of the Bob Marley song. "Miss Otis Regrets" is an interpretation of the Cole Porter song. "And He Called Himself a Messenger" is a tribute to Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers. "The Song of Loving-Kindness" was inspired by a Buddhist chant.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Buffalo News | |
| MusicHound Jazz: The Essential Album Guide | |
The Vancouver Sun said that "Bartz, playing mostly alto, burns and moans throughout the record"; the paper later listed The Blues Chronicles: Tales of Life as the second best jazz album of 1996. The Ottawa Citizen noted that "from funk to rock to down-home blues to reggae to swing, Bartz's band tackles his compositions with across-the-board abandon." The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette stated that Bartz has "a big, dense sound and excellent technique [and] can tell a story of some depth—a twister-like, wailing uptempo tale, or a romantic but unsentimental ballad." Entertainment Weekly considered The Blues Chronicles: Tales of Life to be one of the best jazz albums of the year.
# Banco Central burglary at Fortaleza

The Banco Central burglary at Fortaleza was the theft of about R$160 million from the vault of the Banco Central branch located in Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, on August 6, 2005. In the aftermath of the burglary, of the 25 people thought to be involved, only 8 had been arrested, and R$20 million recovered, up to the end of 2005. In addition, several of the gang are thought to have been victims of kidnapping, and one member, Luis Fernando Ribeiro, thought to have been the mastermind of the operation, was killed by kidnappers after a ransom was paid. Arrests and recovery of the money, as well as kidnapping and murder of the perpetrators, have been ongoing. One hundred and twenty nine arrests were made, and 32 million Reais were recovered. The Brazilian Federal Police were also able to prevent other burglaries, as shown in the Netflix documentary "3 Tonelada$: Assalto ao Banco Central".
# Viktor Dorovskikh

Viktor Dorovskikh (Russian: Виктор Доровских; born 19 October 1950) is a race walker who represented the Soviet Union.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Soviet Union |||||
| 1979 | World Race Walking Cup | Eschborn, West Germany | 3rd | 50 km |
| 1983 | World Race Walking Cup | Bergen, Norway | 3rd | 50 km |
| 1983 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 8th | 50 km |
| 1984 | Friendship Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | 3rd | 50 km |
# IA5

IA5 or similar may refer to:
* Iowa Highway 5, a highway in the southern part of the U.S. state of Iowa
* Iowa's 5th congressional district, a congressional district in the U.S. state of Iowa
* Institutional Act Number Five, a Brazilian law sometimes abbreviated as IA-5 or AI-5
* International Reference Alphabet, formerly International Alphabet No. 5, a character set encoding defined by the International Telecommunication Union
* Galaxy 25, formerly Intelsat Americas 5, a medium-powered communications satellite
# Jacobo Harrotian

Jacobo Harootian was an Armenian-Mexican general who participated in the Mexican Revolution.

## Early life

He was probably born in Aleppo, Ottoman Empire to an Armenian family and spent most of his life in Zumpango del Río, Guerrero. Despite his wealth, he was a known benefactor who built roads that connected his own town with other local villages.

## Military career

In 1913, he enrolled as a physician and then as a soldier for Victoriano Huerta's army. As a close friend of Juan Andrew Almazán, Harootian was chosen to command a legion of 2,000 soldiers who fought in the Battle of Zacatecas against Pancho Villa's forces on June 23, 1914.

## Late life and exile

Shortly after the fall of Victoriano Huerta's de facto government, Harootian was persecuted by the new authorities and chose to leave the country.

## Legacy

Once the Mexican Revolution came to an end, the socialist government deprived him and his family of their properties. His former house is now the Town Hall of his homeplace, Zumpango del Río.