OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oswald Barron

Arthur Oswald Barron (3 January 1868 – 24 September 1939) was a journalist and scholar on heraldic and genealogical subjects.

## Early life

Born at West Ham in Essex, he was one of five children of Henry Stracey Barron (1838–1918), a consulting mechanical engineer, one-time chief engineer of the Imperial Ottoman Arsenal, and his wife Harriet (née Marshall). The Barron family later lived at Lewisham.
Barron was educated at Merchant Taylors' School in London, as his father had been.

## Career

Most of his career was spent on the staff of the London Evening News, where he had a daily column which he signed as "The Londoner". He was deeply attached to Edith Nesbit and co-wrote The Butler in Bohemia with her. He also suggested the plot of The Railway Children, and her book The Story of the Treasure Seekers (1899) is dedicated to him, "in memory of childhoods identical but for the accidents of time and space".
He founded and edited a profusely-illustrated quarterly scholarly periodical on genealogical subjects, called The Ancestor (1902–1905), which attempted to debunk many popular myths of the Victorian era and to replace them with properly referenced facts, concentrating especially on the medieval period. The Ancestor discontinued publication after its twelfth volume.
From this venture, he moved to the Victoria County History, where he contributed on matters on heraldry and genealogy. He also contributed a major article on heraldry to the 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, which according to John Campbell-Kease in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography remains "one of the best and most erudite introductions to the subject".
His interest in medieval rather than contemporary heraldry, and his opinion (based on medieval practice) that assumption of arms was not prohibited by the Law of Arms, pitted him against the more prolific and popular heraldic author, A. C. Fox-Davies. It did not, however, deprive him of friends in the College of Arms, and he was, towards the end of his life in 1937, appointed Maltravers Herald Extraordinary at the College. However, the demands of his daily column for the Evening News, on which he depended for his living, kept him away from any sustained work of scholastic endeavour, despite the high quality of his periodical contributions.
He was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1901, was appointed gold staff officer at the coronation of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911, served as Lieutenant in the Inns of Court Reserve Corps 1916–1919, and attended at the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937 by virtue of his appointment as Maltravers Herald.

## Personal life

Barron married Hilda Leonora Florence Sanders in 1899, by whom he had one daughter.
# National Democratic Action Society

The National Democratic Labour Action Society – Wa'ad (Arabic: جمعية العمل الوطني الديمقراطي – وعد, romanized: Jamʻīyat al-ʻAmal al-Waṭanī al-Dīmuqrāṭī – Waʻd, NDAS) is Bahrain's largest leftist political party.

## History and profile

It emerged from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain, a "radical" clandestine opposition movement of socialist and Arab nationalist orientation. Under the reform process initiated by Bahrain's King Hamad, the leaders of the Popular Front returned from exile to participate in the political process through the National Democratic Labour Action (NDLA).
The NDLA's leaders supported Beijing during the 1960s Left-Left split in the Arab world between the pro-Moscow camp and the pro-China camp. The party is the first licensed political group in any of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Historically, the Left in Bahrain had been very strong, partly as a result of the creation of a local working class through the Kingdom's industrialisation with the discovery of oil in the 1930s; however the waning of Arab nationalism, the collapse of communism as an ideology and the rise of the Islamist Right have marginalised the NDLA and robbed it of much of its traditional support. The party was established by returning exiles in 2002.
The current leader of the party is Fouad Seyadi, who was elected after the general assembly of the party in November 2016. One of the current known figures of the party is Ibrahim Sharif Al-Sayed, who took over in 2005 until 2012 from Abdul-Rahman Al Nuaimi. In 2005 the party renamed itself Wa'ad (Arabic: وعد), which translates to "Promise". Other prominent members include: Abdul-Nabi Alekri, Ebrahim KamalAldeen, Sami Seyadi, Ali Salih and Munira Fakhro
The party suffered a very disappointing result in 2002's municipal elections when none of its candidates were elected in any constituency. Despite this, the NDLA's leaders are widely respected and retain a great deal of influence in Bahraini society. The party boycotted 2002's parliamentary elections, but took part in the Bahraini parliamentary election of 2006; among its candidates was its vice president and former Harvard academic, Munira Fakhro, who contested an Isa Town constituency against Salah Ali of Al-Menbar Islamic Society.
In June 2017, the party was banned on terrorism charges. The ban was criticised by Amnesty International and Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy. Lynn Maalouf of Amnesty International stated that "the suspension of Waad is a flagrant attack on freedom of expression and association".

## Organizational structure

The highest authority of Wa'ad is its General Assembly, which meets every 2 years, and all active members of Wa'ad are eligible to attend those meetings. The General Assembly elects a Central Committee which holds the legislative power until the next General Assembly. The Central Committee elects in its first meeting a General Secretary and a political bureau which act as governing body for the party until the next General Assembly.
# Clausilium

The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The clausilium is one part of the clausilial apparatus.
The presence of a clausilium is the reason for the common name "door snails", because all the snails in this family have a roughly spoon-shaped "door" or clausilium, which can slide down to close the aperture of the shell. However, this structure is emphatically not the same thing as an operculum, which is virtually non-existent in pulmonate snails, only occurring in the Amphiboloidea.
The exact shape of the clausilium varies from genus to genus: it can be tongue-shaped, spoon-shaped or spatula-shaped. The wide flat end of the clausilium can close the aperture of the snail shell, and thus protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in a groove, which is formed by spiral folds on the inside of the shell around the columella. Because the groove is long, and the muscles that control the clausilium are also long, the whole structure can be retracted into the shell. The mechanism is totally different, but the clausilium is vaguely reminiscent of an automated garage door opener.

## Gallery

* Drawing of the inner shell anatomy of Alinda biplicata shown through a partly broken-open shell. The spoon-shaped end of the clausilium is labelled number 5. Other numbers depicts various plicae and lamellae.
* The clausilium of Clausilia dubia, as it articulates with the columella of the shell (upper right).
* Clausilium of Cochlodina laminata.
* Clausilium of Macrogastra plicatula.
# Blackberry River

The Blackberry River is a westward-flowing river located entirely in the far northwest corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The river runs for nine miles (14 km) through the towns of Norfolk and North Canaan, where it empties into the Housatonic River. The river provided waterpower for industrial purposes from the early 1700s through the first part of the 20th century.

## Watershed

The river's watershed covers approximately 17,341 acres (7,018 ha) in the Connecticut towns of Canaan, North Canaan and Norfolk, as well as a portion of New Marlborough, Massachusetts.

## Historic sites

The river passes the historic Moseley House-Farm, a colonial mansion dating from 1763 in Norfolk, and the Beckley Furnace Industrial Monument in North Canaan.
# Nick Wilson (field hockey)

Nicholas Wilson (born 6 August 1990) is a New Zealand field hockey player who plays at striker. He currently plays for New Zealand's Hockey National Team, the Black Stick men's team.

## Career

He attended Palmerston North Intermediate Normal School and then on to Palmerston North Boys' High School, where he represented their first eleven team from 2005 to 2007. Wilson spent his final year at Westlake Boys High School in Auckland.
Wilson made his first appearance for 'The Black Sticks' against Korea in New Zealand in November 2007 at the age of 17. He scored his first goal against the number one (at the time) Australian team at Sydney Olympic Park. Known for his attacking style of play, he was touted as one of New Zealand's next field hockey stars.
In 2010, Wilson became the first New Zealander to be nominated for the International Hockey Federation's (FIH) Young Player of the Year award. He was also named in the FIH All Stars team of players who "lit up the hockey world over the past year".
He played for New Zealand at the 2010 Commonwealth Games, winning a bronze medal. He also played for New Zealand at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Topola-Osiedle

Topola-Osiedle is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przygodzice, within Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Gottfried Weilenmann (cyclist, born 1920)

Gottfried Weilenmann (29 March 1920 – 14 November 2018) was a Swiss cyclist. Professional 1945 to 1952, he won the Tour de Suisse in 1949 and the Swiss National Road Race Championships in 1952. In the latter year, he placed second in the UCI World Road Racing Championships road behind Heinz Müller.
His brother Leo was also a professional rider during the same period as he was. His father, Gottfried was part of the Swiss team pursuit at the 1924 Olympic Games.

## Major results
### 1942

    1st Road race, National Amateur Road Championships

### 1944

    2nd À Travers Lausanne

### 1945

    2nd Overall Circuito del Norte
    2nd À Travers Lausanne
    3rd Tour du Lac Léman

### 1946

    2nd Overall Volta a Catalunya
    3rd Zurich–Lausanne

### 1947

    8th Overall Tour de Romandie
    10th GP du Midi Libre

### 1949

    1st Overall Tour de Suisse
    2nd Giro del Ticino
    2nd Tour du Nord-Ouest de la Suisse
    3rd Züri-Metzgete

### 1950

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 1952

    1st Road race, National Road Championships
    2nd Road race, UCI Road World Championships
    5th La Flèche Wallonne
    8th Liège–Bastogne–Liège

## Grand Tour Results

Source:

### Tour de France

* 1947: 17th
* 1950: 39th
* 1950: 50th
* 1951: 50th
* 1952: 12th

### Giro d'Italia

* 1950: 45th
* 1952: 39th
# MEASAT-3a

MEASAT-3a is a communications satellite which MEASAT Satellite Systems intends to operate in geosynchronous orbit at 91.5 degrees but has now be moved to 160 Degrees to serve abc and SBS channels. It was built by Orbital Sciences Corporation, based on the STAR-2 spacecraft platform.

## History

Orbital completed the satellite and all of its contractual requirements, and shipped the satellite to its Baikonur, Kazakhstan launch site in July 2008. The satellite was mated to the Block DM upper stage of the Zenit-3SLB rocket when it was struck by the operator cab of the overhead crane. The hazardous propellants were successfully offloaded and the spacecraft was decontaminated and returned to the United States for repair work and additional testing, with a projected launch date of Spring/Summer 2009.

## Launch

MEASAT-3a was successfully launched aboard a Land Launch Zenit-3SLB carrier rocket flying from Site 45/1 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The launch occurred at 21:50 GMT on 21 June 2009, with the spacecraft separating from the Block DM-SLB upper stage of the rocket around six hours later.
# Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Special Command

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Special Command (PFLP-SC) was a minor breakout faction from Wadie Haddad's ultraradical Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - External Operations (neither group should be confused with more established Palestinian factions, such as the PFLP or the PFLP-GC).
The PFLP-SC formed as a breakout organization from the PFLP-EO in 1978, the year of Haddad's death. It was never part of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and it is unclear if it had a political program. It claimed responsibility for several bomb attacks on civilians in Western Europe, possibly performed with support from Libya, Iraq or Syria. It is believed to have ceased operations in the 1980s.
# Koita Atai

Koita Atai (born 7 July 1983) is a Papua New Guinean woman cricketer. She played for Papua New Guinea at the 2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier.
# Blackford Creek

Blackford Creek is a stream in Daviess and Hancock counties, Kentucky, in the United States. It is a tributary of the Ohio River.
Blackford Creek was named for Joseph Blackford, a pioneer who was killed by Indians on the creek, and buried nearby. However, another stated origin is that Blackford Creek was named after a hunter who camped and hunted by the creek. Blackford Creek is also named as Otter Creek and Muddy Creek

## Features

The creek sits on a 107 meter of elevation, with humid sub-tropical climate, this creek is described as a Stream. There are also many localities around Blackford Creek, such as mines and factory mills, See more here. Map of Blackford Creek here.

## Bridge

The Ray Road Bridge was a bridge that went across Blackford Creek, it was built in 1884 by the Smith Bridge Company of Toledo, Ohio. The bridge design is a Truss bridge with its length being 92 feet (28 meters) across, and 10.8 feet (3.3 meters), with weight limit of 3 tons. However, the bridge today has collapsed or demolished. Photos of the bridge here.
# Toporów, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Toporów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gizałki, within Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Gizałki, 20 km (12 mi) north of Pleszew, and 74 km (46 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Pfaffenthal

Pfaffenthal (Luxembourgish: Pafendall, pronounced ) is a quarter in central Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The quarter owes its name to the German words Pfaffen, meaning monk, and Tal, meaning valley, as the area was once administered by the Benedictine Abbey in Altmunster. During the Middle Ages, this site was popular with craftsmen and artisans, who used the Alzette River to aid in their work. The site is a strategically important gateway to Luxembourg City, and was thus repeatedly fortified by successive rulers from about the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries.
Since December 2017, Pfaffenthal is served by the Pfaffenthal-Kirchberg railway station, which connects it to the quarter of Kirchberg above through the Pfaffenthal-Kirchberg funicular.
As of 31 December 2024, the quarter has a population of 1,343 inhabitants, with 39.80% being of Luxembourgish nationality.
# Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine

The Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية الثورية لتحرير فلسطين Al-Jabhat ash-Sha'biyah at-Thawriyah li-Tahrir Filastin) (PRFLP) was a Palestinian militant group and part of the Rejectionist Front. It was formed in February 1972, following a split from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), which had experienced internal political strife after the crackdowns on the Palestinian movements in Jordan after the conflict in Jordan known as Black September.
Other groups that split from the PFLP included the PFLP-General Command, Organization of Arab Palestine, and the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

## Background

The PRFLP had its beginnings in the wake of the Black September fighting between the Palestinian militants and the Jordanian Armed Forces during September 27, 1970 to July 1971. There was a mass exodus of Palestinian fighters traveling from Jordan to Lebanon as a result of an order by King Hussein, who expelled all Palestinian fighters regardless of group affiliation due to the thousands of casualties during the conflict, most of which were Palestinian. Members of the PFLP fought among themselves, as the left-wing and right-wing leaders each blamed the others for the defeat in Jordan, leading to the left-wing faction of the PFLP breaking away to form the PRFLP. Prior to this the left-wing faction was founded via a merge of the Movement of Arab Nationalists, the Palestine Liberation Front, Heroes of the Return and Vengeance Youth.
After the split the group was led by Abu Shibab.

## Beliefs

The PRFLP believed in the one-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and rejected any ideas of political compromise. They did not recognize the state of Israel, which they felt had to be destroyed.
Their charter espoused beliefs that they were engaged in a class war that was led by a revolutionary ideology and that the main focus of their struggle lay in Palestine.

## After splitting

After splintering off from the PFLP, the PRFLP sought to align itself with the mainstream Fatah. They also attempted to distance itself from any Palestinians who thought the group to be jihad, as the PRFLP wanted to separate the struggles of the Palestinian people from Islamic Jihad. The PRFLP did not conduct any known terrorist attacks following its split from the PFLP, and instead served as a left-wing Marxist-Leninist political group.
# Nemzeti Sport

Nemzeti Sport (Hungarian pronunciation:, lit. 'National Sport') is a Hungarian sports daily.

## History and profile

Nemzeti Sport was founded in 1903. It is frequently cited by quality English-language media The paper is published in broadsheet format.
Between the World War I and World War II, Gyula Vadas, István Pluhár, and Mihály Mamusich worked for the newspaper.
Its publisher claimed that the newspaper had the third largest circulation in the country. The circulation of the paper was 96,000 copies in 2003. It had a circulation of 95,111 copies in 2009, making it the fourth most read daily in the country. The circulation decreased to 18,212 by 2022.

## Genre

Although Nemzeti Sport is considered one of the most reliable sources of information on sport, recently the online version of the paper became increasingly sensational. An example of this tendency can be observed by the news items about the possible transfer of the Hungary national football team and Dinamo Moscow left-winger Balázs Dzsudzsák.
| Date | Team |
| 28/07/2015 | Hertha BSC and Internazionale |
| 12/07/2015 | Beşiktaş |
| 27/05/2015 | Internazionale |
# Australians in China

Australians in China include Australian expatriates in China, international students, Chinese Australians as well as Chinese people of Australian descent. In 2001, there were over 55,000 Australians present in China. Of them, over 2,000 lived in the capital Beijing, an estimated 3,900 in Guangzhou and about 2,500 in Shanghai. Notwithstanding mainland China, the remaining overwhelming 46,000 Australians resided in Hong Kong. By 2010, the number of Australians living in mainland China had grown to 13,286, according to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China.

## Sporting culture

Australian rules football in China has been revived by Australian immigrants.

## Notable people

* David Gulasi - Social media personality in China
* Amy Lyons - Social media personality in China
# Torzeniec

Torzeniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Doruchów, within Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Doruchów, 10 km (6 mi) east of Ostrzeszów, and 139 km (86 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## History

According to the 1921 census, the village had a population of 629, entirely Polish by nationality, 98.7% Roman Catholic and 1.3% Lutheran by confession.
During the German invasion of Poland at the start of World War II in September 1939, while fighting at night, German troops mistakenly fired on each other and then blamed the local Polish inhabitants. In "retaliation," German soldiers set fire to the village, shot at fleeing residents, and then organized a nighttime manhunt. Additionally, they executed 18 captured Polish men the next morning (the Torzeniec massacre, see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).
# Koa Peat

Koa Peat (born January 20, 2007) is an American basketball player who currently attends Perry High School. He is a consensus five-star recruit and one of the top players in the 2025 recruiting class.

## High school career

Peat attends Perry High School in Gilbert, Arizona. He joined the varsity basketball team in June 2021. His head coach, Sam Duane Jr., had previously coached two of his older brothers to state titles at Corona del Sol High School in nearby Tempe. As a freshman at Perry, Peat averaged 15 points, 6.1 rebounds, 1.6 assists, and 1.8 blocks per game and teamed with Cody Williams to guide the Pumas to their first-ever Class 6A state championship. He recorded 14 points, six rebounds, and two blocks in the 48–38 title game victory over Hamilton.
As a sophomore, Peat averaged 19.7 points, 9.4 rebounds, 3.0 assists, 1.7 blocks, and 1.3 steals per game on 70 percent shooting while leading the Pumas to a 30–1 record and the inaugural AIA Open Division state title. In the championship game, he recorded a game-high 35 points, six rebounds, and four blocks on 13 of 18 shooting in their 74–58 win over Sunnyslope. Peat was named the Arizona Gatorade Player of the Year and the MaxPreps Arizona Player of the Year.

### Recruiting

Peat is a consensus five-star recruit and one of the top players in the 2025 class, according to major recruiting services. He received his first scholarship offer from NCAA Division I program Arizona State as an eighth grader and received a second one from USC before starting high school.
College recruiting information :
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight |
| Koa Peat PF | Gilbert, AZ | Perry (AZ) | 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) | 215 lb (98 kg) |
| Star ratings: Rivals: 247Sports: ESPN: ESPN grade: 96 ||||||
| Overall recruiting rankings: Rivals: 3 247Sports: 3 ESPN: 3 ||||||
| Note: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight. In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale. Sources: "2025 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved May 9, 2023. ||||||

## National team career

Peat won a gold medal with the United States at the 2022 FIBA Under-17 World Cup in Spain, helping his team to a gold medal and earning all-tournament team honors after averaging 9.6 points, 4.3 rebounds, and 1.4 assists in 20.1 minutes per game.

## Personal life

Peat is the youngest of seven children born to Todd Peat, who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals and Los Angeles Raiders, and Jana Peat. His oldest brother, Todd Jr., played college football at Nebraska, Eastern Arizona and Texas A&M–Commerce. Another older brother, Andrus, plays in the NFL for the New Orleans Saints. Additionally, another older brother, Cassius, played college football for Michigan State, Eastern Arizona, Pima CC, Scottsdale CC, and Virginia. His brother, Keona plays football for Arizona State University. His sister Leilani played college basketball for Seattle and San Francisco while another sister, Maya, played the same sport for Arkansas–Pine Bluff and currently plays for Texas Tech University.
# Dimitriy Alekseyev

Dmitry Alekseyev (born 31 January 1966) is a Soviet and Russian luger. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 1988 Winter Olympics. He won the bronze medal in the men's doubles event at the 1985 FIL World Luge Championships in Oberhof, East Germany.