OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Piash Karim

Manjur Karim Piash (Bengali: মনজুর করিম পিয়াস; 1958 – October 13, 2014) popularly known as Piash Karim was a professor, researcher and political commentator with specializations in political economy, political sociology, nationalism and social theory. After Bangladesh achieved independence, he completed his bachelor's degree from the University of Dhaka and went to the US for higher studies. In his long career as a teacher, he taught at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Culver–Stockton College and BRAC University. Karim had authored several books and journals on nationalism and sociology.

## Early life and education

Karim was born in 1958 in Comilla. His father M.A. Karim was a member of the founding committee of the Comilla unit of the Awami League, and served as the treasurer of the Awami League district unit for a long time. His uncle served as the second inspector general of police. Piash Karim received his primary education from Comilla Modern School and secondary education from Comilla Zilla School. He completed his higher secondary education from Adamjee Cantonment College, Dhaka.
Later, Karim obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Dhaka. He completed his master's degree and PhD in sociology at Kansas State University after moving to the United States. He was arrested by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 for distributing leaflets in favour of the freedom movement of Bangladesh.

## Career

Karim, after completing his master's degree and PhD, served as a faculty member of two American universities for seventeen years. He joined the University of Nebraska–Lincoln as a faculty member and was promoted to a professor of the university. Later, he worked as a professor at Culver–Stockton College, Missouri for another few years. In 2007, he returned to Bangladesh and joined BRAC University as a professor in the Economics and Social Sciences Department. In Bangladesh, he wrote several articles on nationalist politics, civil society and media activism.

### Views

Karim was opposed to the Shahbag protests and criticized the neutrality of the International Crimes Tribunal. As a result, his house was attacked by bombs and death threats were made against him.

## Personal life and death

Karim was married to Amena Mohsin, a professor of international relations at the University of Dhaka. His only son lives in Dhaka. On October 13, 2014, he died of cardiac arrest on his way to Square Hospital from his home at the age of 56. Nobel Laureate and prominent economist Muhammad Yunus mourned his sudden death, terming him as a "fearless and principled intellectual". After his death, leftist student organizations threatened to desecrate his body if it was brought to the Shaheed Minar.
# Proxhyle vadoni

Proxhyle vadoni is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1953. It is found on Madagascar.
# Jerry Crafts

Jerry Wayne Crafts (born January 6, 1968) is an American former professional football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills and Philadelphia Eagles. He also played in the World League of American Football, XFL, Canadian Football League and Arena Football League. He is the only person to have been involved with teams that played in the championship games of each of the aforementioned Leagues. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma for Barry Switzer and the University of Louisville.
Currently he is an assistant coach for the Jacksonville Jaguars.

## Early life and college

Crafts is a native of Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he attended Metro Christian Academy. He began his college career at the University of Oklahoma before transferring to the University of Louisville after his sophomore season.

## Professional career

Crafts was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the 11th round (292nd pick overall) of the 1991 NFL draft, but was released during the preseason on August 16. After not making the Colts' roster, Crafts played for the Orlando Thunder of the World League of American Football (WLAF) in the spring of 1992. He was a backup to left tackle Rick Cunningham and right tackle Kevin Allen, before starting World Bowl '92 in the place of an injured Cunningham.
Following the World League season, Crafts signed with the Buffalo Bills on July 7. He played as a backup in the first six games of the 1992 NFL season before suffering a knee injury. On October 26, the Bills placed him on the injured reserve list, where he remained for the rest of the season.
Crafts would go on to play as a tackle/guard for the Buffalo Bills from 1992 to 1994, but was released by the Green Bay Packers in 1995 after being signed during the offseason. Out of the league, Crafts played the 1996 and 1997 seasons in the World League for the Amsterdam Admirals. His play would lead to a signing with the Philadelphia Eagles, for whom he played from 1997 to 1998. He was released in camp in 1999, and later by the Oakland Raiders in 2001.
In the latter years of his career, Crafts made stops across three different football leagues: the Arena Football League (AFL), the Canadian Football League (CFL), and the XFL. In the AFL, he played for the New Jersey Red Dogs (2000), Buffalo Destroyers (2001–2002), Las Vegas Gladiators (2003), and Detroit Fury (2004). Crafts was a member for the Toronto Argonauts (2000–2001), Montreal Alouettes (2002, a year the team would go on to win the Grey Cup), and Hamilton Tiger Cats (2002) of the CFL. In the spring of 2001, he played for the Los Angeles Xtreme of the XFL, winning the league's championship; he used the uniform nickname "Big Daddy" (along with jersey number 69) with the Xtreme.

## Coaching career

Crafts is currently an assistant offensive line coach and scheduler with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He spent one season as offensive line coach with the National Arena League's Jacksonville Sharks, helping them win NALBowl I.
# Leaf Daniell

Cyrus Leaf Daniell (1877 – 28 February 1913) was a British fencer. He won a silver medal in the team épée event at the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908, he won the épée title at the British Fencing Championships.
# Leander Kahney

Leander Kahney (born 25 November 1965) is a technology writer and author. He is a former managing editor, and previously a senior reporter, at Wired News, the online sister publication of Wired.

## Career

He is also the author of five books centered on the subculture surrounding Apple products, as well as the company itself: The Cult of Mac, Cult of iPod (ISBN 1-886411-83-2), Inside Steve's Brain, Jony Ive – The Genius Behind Apple’s Greatest Products, and Tim Cook – The Genius Who Took Apple to the Next Level.
Kahney is currently best known for his role as editor and publisher of a popular Apple-centric blog, also titled Cult of Mac. As a prominent writer on Apple- and Mac-related topics, Kahney was once theorized (incorrectly) to be the identity of Fake Steve Jobs.
Leander has worked for many other publications, including: MacWeek as a senior reporter, Scientific American, The Observer and The Guardian in London. Working as a newspaper reporter in the UK, he covered amongst other things, the war in former Yugoslavia.
# Bohdan Mykhaylichenko

Bohdan Vasyliovych Mykhaylichenko (Ukrainian: Богда́н Васи́льович Михайліче́нко; born 21 March 1997) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Polissya Zhytomyr and the Ukraine national team.

## Club career

Born in Boryspil, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine, Mykhaylichenko is a product of the Dynamo Kyiv and Knyazha Shaslyve sportive schools. His first trainer was Oleksandr Kurylko.

### Dynamo Kyiv

He made his debut in the Ukrainian Premier League for Dynamo on 24 May 2015 against Karpaty Lviv.

### Anderlecht

On 21 July 2020, acting general director of FC Zorya Luhansk, Stanyslav Ohanov, announced that Mykhaylichenko was moving to Belgian club Anderlecht on 1 August 2020. On 3 August 2020 he was officially presented as an Anderlecht player.

#### Shakhtar Donetsk (loan)

On 27 July 2022, Anderlecht announced that they had loaned Mykhaylichenko to Shakhtar Donetsk with an option to buy.

## International career

Mykhaylichenko made his professional debut with the Ukraine in a 2-1 UEFA Nations League win over Switzerland on 3 September 2020.
In May 2024, he was on the list of 26 players summoned by Serhiy Rebrov for the UEFA Euro 2024.

## Honours

Dynamo Kyiv
* Ukrainian Premier League: 2014–15
Individual
* Ukrainian Premier League player of the Month (3): 2019–20 (September), 2019–20 (December), 2019–20 (March)
# Leo Cusenza

Leo Calogero Cusenza (born 20 February 1963) is an English former footballer who played for Football League club Colchester United as a defender. Is now involved coaching local Football for Cuffley Youth FC after having passed his coaching accreditations

## Career

Born in Edmonton, London, Cusenza joined Colchester United as a schoolboy. He made one appearance for the first-team in a 2–0 League Cup defeat to Gillingham on 9 August 1980. He went on to nearly 400 appearances for Harlow Town after leaving Colchester. and now coaches in local football in Hertfordshire after attaining his coaching accreditations
# Gholam Hossein Sarmadnia

Gholam Hossein Sarmadnia (1949 - October 12, 1994) was an Iranian researcher who served as assistant professor in the Department of Agriculture at the Isfahan University of Technology. He was awarded for his translation of the book Physiological Aspects of Dryland Farming at Iran's Book of the Year Awards in 1987.

## Death

Sarmadnia was killed in the crash of Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746.
# Light Decision

Light Decision is a 2010 UK short film directed by Juriaan Booji for Work of Art Films that raises awareness about social issues associated with teenage knife crime in London. It was written by Ewa Cichon and produced by Ewa Cichon and Kay Headley who also plays the role of the father-Cassius Paterson, who is the main character in the film. Light Decision was presented at the Cannes Film Festival 2010 Short Film Corner.

## Background

Writer and Producer Ewa Cichon first came up with the idea for the film in 2008, when knife crime in London was on the rise. With each press report of another murder, there always seemed to have been someone stating that "lessons must be learnt...", which eventually became the theme of the film Light Decision – How many "lessons" do we have to learn before we finally decide to do something?

## Production

In April 2009, Juriaan Booij, an RCA graduate and a filmmaker best known for his documentary about a sinking nation of Tuvalu "King Tide", was filming his graduation short film "Conformists". Juriaan cast Kay Headley and Tom Bonington, both actors who went on to star in 'Light Decision'. Ewa Cichon had been asked to take stills from the set and that's how Ewa and Juriaan met. Having been very impressed with Juriaan's style as a director, Ewa and Kay set up a meeting with him and "Conformists" Director of Photography Justin Brown for August 2009 to discuss the script for "Light Decision". Principal photography commenced on 6 October 2009, when the beginning of the film had been shot. After finding a new DOP (Tom Turley), the filming continued in November 2009. By the end of January 2010 the film had been edited by Kay Headley and Ewa Cichon with input from the director. Kay Headley composed the music for the film and designed the sound. In March 2010, the film had been entered to Cannes Film Festival Short Film Corner and the London Film Festival.

## Cast

* Cassius Patterson- Kay Headley
* Sean Patterson- Kane Headley- Cummings
* Tom- Tom Bonington
* Jenny- Tina Meegan
* Chris- Ann Etchells
* Martin- Alex Murphy
* Jamal- Jonathan Renner
* Carlton- Maniki Boulasi
* Reporter- Sophie Lois Hemphill
# Hugo Liepmann

Hugo Karl Liepmann (April 9, 1863 – May 6, 1925) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist born in Berlin, into a Jewish family.
Initially, he studied both chemistry and philosophy at the Universities of Freiburg and Leipzig, obtaining his doctorate in 1885. His interests later turned to medicine, and after completion of studies, worked as an assistant to Carl Wernicke in the psychiatric clinic at Breslau. In 1906 he became head physician at Dalldorf (Berlin-Wittenau), followed by an assignment as director of the Städtische Irrenanstalt zu Lichtenberg (Herzberge) in 1914.
Liepmann is remembered for his pioneer work involving cerebral localization of function. From anatomical studies, he postulated that planned or commanded actions were controlled in the parietal lobe of the brain's dominant hemisphere, and not in the frontal lobe. He conducted extensive research of a disorder he called apraxia, a term that he introduced in 1900. Apraxia is described as the inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some central nervous system disorders and injuries and not due to muscle weakness. Liepmann believed that damage in the parietal lobe prevented activation of learned sequences of actions that are necessary to produce desired results on command. As a result of his studies, he divided apraxia into three types:
* ideational: object blindness, where the patient is incapable of making appropriate use of familiar objects upon command.
* ideomotor: the inability to follow verbal commands or mimic an action, such as saluting or waving goodbye.
* kinetic: clumsiness in performing a precision act that is not due to paralysis, muscle weakness, or sensory loss.

## Published works

* Das Krankheitsbild der Apraxie ("motorischen Asymbolie") : auf Grund eines Falles von einseitiger Apraxie, 1900 – The pathology of apraxia ("motor asymbolia") pursuant to a case of unilateral apraxia.
* Über Ideenflucht. Begriffsbestimmung und psychologische Analyse, 1904 – On flight of ideas : Definition and psychological analysis.
* Ueber Störungen des Handelns bei Gehirnkranken, 1905 – On disorders of action involving brain health.
* Drei Aufsätze aus dem Apraxiegebiet : neu Durchgesehen und mit Zusätzen versehen, 1908 – Three essays on the apraxia region.
* "Translations from Liepmann's essays on apraxia", 1980.
# 1997 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting

The 1997 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was the 15th Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 October and 27 October 1997, and hosted by Prime Minister Tony Blair.
It was the largest summit in modern Commonwealth history up to that point (a title to be taken from it by the 1999 CHOGM), with forty-two heads of state or government. It was also attended by Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, who had recently been ousted as President of Sierra Leone. Most notable, however, was the emergence of the civil society fringe of the 'People's Commonwealth', transforming a conference of policy-makers into a cultural celebration. For this reason, most participants and commentators considered it a success.
The appearance of Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, at the opening of the CHOGM was a novelty. The monarch had never appeared at a CHOGM before, and it marked the beginning of a renewed interest in the Commonwealth from the monarchy. The rest of the opening ceremony was low-key.
The Edinburgh Declaration was agreed, endorsing the report of the Inter-Governmental Group on Criteria for Commonwealth Membership (IGCCM) which consolidated and revised previous rules and agreements which had developed over the previous 60 years.

## Economic declaration

The CHOGM was, unlike the preceding meeting in Auckland, an unspectacular affair with regards to policy. This was a result of a large number of newcomers to CHOGM, with twenty countries having new leaders, and the consequent requirement to build new personal relationships, which was compounded by the short retreat, which lasted only a few hours, but at which most business is usually done.
Chairperson Tony Blair pushed for a declaration of Commonwealth economic principles to mirror the Harare Declaration of the Commonwealth's political principles of six years earlier. Whilst this was achieved, it was greatly watered-down. The British plan was presented in a sophisticated paper by Robert Cassen and David Greenaway. The paper was rejected almost entirely. India, which opposed the request for another global trade round, scuppered the UK's plan to call for renewed trade negotiations, arguing that globalisation should be slowed. What was agreed included the holding of a biennial Commonwealth Business Forum, the creation of a Trade and Investment Access Facility to help globalisation adjustment, and the creation of a $110m South Asia Regional Fund.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ingram, Derek (January 1998). "Edinburgh Diary". The Round Table. 87 (345): 13–16. doi:10.1080/00358539808454395.
* 1 2 "The Commonwealth in Light of the Edinburgh CHOGM". The Round Table. 87 (345): 3–12. January 1998. doi:10.1080/00358539808454394.
* ↑ Ingram, Derek (October 2007). "Twenty Commonwealth steps from Singapore to Kampala". The Round Table. 96 (392): 555–563. doi:10.1080/00358530701625877. S2CID 154737836.
# Valchitran Treasure

The Valchitran Treasure (Bulgarian: Вълчитрънско златно съкровище) is an early Thracian treasure.

## Discovery

It was discovered on 28 December 1924 by two brothers who were working in their vineyard near the village of Valchitran, 22 km southeast of Pleven, Bulgaria.

## Description

The hoard consists of 13 receptacles, different in form and size, and weighs in total 12.5 kg:
* two round platters
* five round domed pieces, two with central handles
* three cups with handles
* a jug with handle
* three leaf shaped vessels with handles
* a bowl with two handles (4.5 kg of gold)
The gold metal has a natural mixture of 9.7% silver.
The scientists dated the treasure back to 1300 BC, at the time of the Thracians.
It is now one of the most valuable possessions of the National Archaeological Museum in Sofia.
# Cabalum

Cabalum is a family name from Leon, Iloilo. It may refer to:
* Jose Cabalum Sr. (1915–2006), a Filipino educator
* Cabalum Western College, an institution of higher learning in Iloilo City, Iloilo, Philippines
# Mohammed Ahmed Alin

Mohammed Ahmed Alin Yusuf (Somali: Maxamed Axmed Caalin Yuusuf), also known as Tiimbaro, is a Somaliland politician who is currently serving as the Governor of Maroodi Jeex region since 25 June 2023.
He also served as the Governor of Awdal region of Somaliland between 29 June 2020 and 25 June 2023.
Tiimbaro also served as the Governor of Sanaag region of Somaliland from January 2018 to June 2020.
# Therma, Ikaria

Therma (Greek: Θέρμα) is a spa town on the island of Icaria in Greece.
According to a study conducted by the University of Thessaloniki, the saline hot mineral springs of Icaria contain the largest concentration of radon in Greece, being also among the most radioactive springs in the world.
The three springs currently in operation in the spa town of Therma (located 3 km East of Agios Kirykos port and 12 km from the island's airport) have a water temperature ranging between 45 and 52.8 degrees celsius (113–127 Fahrenheit). The radioactivity of the water covers a spectrum from 65 to 557 Mache units.
The hot springs are available to visitors from May to November.
# Kayl

Kayl (Luxembourgish: Keel or locally Käl) is a commune and town in south-western Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette.
As of 2024, the town of Kayl, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 5,856. Other towns within the commune include Tétange.
The first surviving written reference to 'Keyle' dates from 1235. Since the thirteenth century the name of the town has not changed significantly, although more than twenty different spellings have been identified.
The town is the location of the Montenegro honorary consulate in Luxembourg.

## Notable people

* Jean-Pierre Nuel (1847 in Tétange – 1920), a Luxembourgian-Belgian ophthalmologist and physiologist.
* Camillo Felgen (1920 in Tétange – 2005), a Luxembourgish singer, lyricist, disc jockey and TV presenter
* Edy Schütz (born 1941 in Tétange), a Luxembourgish professional road bicycle racer; stage-winner in the 1966 Tour de France.
# 1899–1900 Celtic F.C. season

1899–1900 was Celtic's twelfth season of competitive football. They competed in the Scottish First Division, in which they ended runners-up. They won the Scottish Cup for the second season in a row, defeating Queen's Park 4-3. It was the seventh major domestic competition won by Celtic.
Forward Sandy McMahon, who had been playing for the club since 1890, became the club's third ever captain, following Dan Doyle's retirement.
# Logan Powell

Logan Powell (born 25 January 1999) is an Australian Paralympic amputee swimmer. He represented Australia at the 2016 Rio Paralympics.

## Personal

Powell was born on 25 January 1999. He lost his lower right leg in a ride-on lawn mower accident when he was just 18 months old. He has to get a new prosthetic leg every six months whilst growing. Powell grew up in Mackay, Queensland.

## Career

Powell started swimming at the age of nine due to the encouragement of his mother, who wanted him to build up upper-body strength and stay healthy. He swam with Pat Wright's swim coach in Mackay. At the 2013 Australian School Championships in Adelaide, he was awarded the Multi-Class Swimmer of the Meet. In 2013, he broke Brenden Hall's state and schools' age records. In early 2014 he moved to the Plane Creek and District Swimming Club and trained with coach Elisha Hunt until his move to Cotton Tree Cyclones on Queensland's Sunshine Coast then on to USC Spartans at 17. At the 2015 Australian Swimming Championships, he made the finals the 200m Freestyle, 50m Backstroke and 100m Backstroke Multi-class events. He moved from Mackay to train with Jan Cameron at the Paralympic high performance program at the University of the Sunshine Coast.
In para-athletics, he has set national junior records in 100m, 200m, discus and long jump.
At the 2016 Rio Paralympics, Powell competed in three events. He placed seventh in Men's 400m Freestyle S9 and eighth in Men's 100m Backstroke S9. He also competed in Men's 100m Butterfly S9 but didn't progress to the finals.