OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# First (Cold War Kids song)

"First" is a song by American indie rock band Cold War Kids. The song was written by the band and produced by Lars Stalfors and Dann Gallucci. It was the second and final single from their fifth album Hold My Home (2014) and was released on February 17, 2015. The song garnered a positive reception from music critics.
"First" peaked at number 1 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart, becoming the band's highest charting single. A music video was made for the single and was released on January 12, 2015. The song was certified Platinum by the RIAA for selling over 1,000,000 digital copies in the United States.

## Critical reception

"First" received positive reviews from music critics. Philip Cosores of Paste called it a "clap-along anthem" and put it together with "All This Could Be Yours" and "Hot Coals" as "the strongest run the band has put together in its career." Heather Phares of AllMusic remarked the song being a highlight of the album due to its "anthemic power."

## Music video

The music video was uploaded on the band's VEVO page on January 12, 2015.

## Chart performance

The song spent seven weeks at number one on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. It remains the band's only song to top that chart. The song stayed on the chart for sixty-four weeks, the fourth-longest run in the chart's history. In late 2023, for the 35th anniversary of the chart, Billboard ranked "First" at number ten on its list of the top 100 alternative hits of all time.

## In popular culture

* The song was featured in the 2015 film Aloha.
* The song was featured in the season 5 episode "Denial" of the USA series Suits.
* The song was featured in the pilot episode of the ABC series Quantico.
* The song was used in a commercial for Coors Banquet.
* The song was used in a series of commercials for Hyundai promoting its 2019 lineup of electric and hybrid vehicles.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Gold | 30,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^*$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Platinum | 30,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Chris Martin (rugby union)

Ronald Christopher Martin (born 27 June 1961) is an English former rugby union international who represented England in four Test matches during the 1980s.
A native of Penryn in Cornwall, he was born in Truro, Martin played his rugby for Bath and his home town of Penryn. He made his international appearances in the 1985 Five Nations Championship, where he was England's starting fullback in all four matches. He proved at times susceptible under the high ball and made a particularly costly mistake against Wales which led to a match turning try. These remained his only Test caps for England, although he did retain his place in the squad for the 1985 New Zealand tour.
# Fisherman pants

Thai fisherman pants (Thai: กางเกงเล, RTGS: kangkeng le, pronounced; Northern Thai: เตี่ยวสะดอ, RTGS: tiao sado, pronounced) are lightweight unisex trousers that are made wide in the waist so that one size fits all. The pants are wrapped around the waist and ribbons are tied to form a belt. Excess material is then folded over the knot.
Thai fisherman pants are very similar to the traditional attire of Intha and Shan males, the former of whom live on Inle Lake of Myanmar. They are known in Burmese as shan baung-mi (ရှမ်းဘောင်းဘီ).

## Uses

Although traditionally used by fishermen in Thailand, they have become popular among others for casual, beach, and exercise wear as well as for backpacking and pregnancy. Traditionally, Thai fisherman pants were adapted from sarongs and were worn by Thai fishermen and farmers. This style of pants suits the tropical climate of Thailand well as they are light and airy, inexpensive to produce, quick drying, secure, and comfortable.
Thai fishermen do in reality wear this style of pants. They are also increasingly common among many men and women of all nationalities. This style of trousers is usually made of cotton or rayon but is also now widely available in a variety of styles and fabrics, such as hemp, bamboo, or linen.

## Gallery

* Tourist in Thailand wearing fisherman pants
* The waist of fisherman pants is often folded over
* A Thai child wearing fisherman pants
# Hailu Kebede (politician)

Hailu Kebede (Tigrinya: ሃይሉ ከበደ) is foreign affairs head of Salsay Weyane Tigray, an opposition party in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Native from Togogwa, he publicly denounced the Togogwa bombing during the Tigray War and alerted the international media Hailu Kebede was arrested in Addis Ababa by the Ethiopian authorities on 13 August 2021. He is as a political prisoner as of 16 August 2021.

## Professional life

Hailu Kebede is also a civil engineer who manages a construction company.

## Politics

Hailu Kebede is foreign affairs head of Salsay Weyane Tigray.

## 2020-2021 Tigray War

At the start of the 2020-2021 Tigray War, Hailu was hiding on the outskirts of the Tigray capital, Mekele, listening to bombardment and gunfire. Later during the war, he was very vocal about war crimes:
* jointly with his fellow party members, they collected data from witnesses of killings of civilians
* he publicly denounced the Togogwa bombing and alerted the international media,
* he witnessed the euphoria in Mekelle when the town was liberated from Ethiopian soldiers
* he called for negotiations, and investigations into the looting and the massacres
* he briefed diplomats and others about the war

## Arrest

Hailu Kebede was arrested in Addis Ababa by the Ethiopian authorities on 13 August 2021. As of 16 August 2021, he remains in jail. The charges are: having cast his vote in the 2020 Tigray regional election, reporting ("misinforming") about the Togogwa airstrike, and participation in the Tigray War. In an interview, one month before his arrestation, Hailu said that he did not feel safe in Addis Ababa, but he insisted that he wanted the plight of the Tigrayan people to be known to the world.
On 18 August 2021, his court appearance was delayed; according to his friends, Hailu was kept in prison in order to avoid US envoy Jeffrey Feltman meeting him.
# Al-Qarara

This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Al-Qarara or Al Qarara (Arabic: القرارة) is a Palestinian town located north of Khan Yunis, in the Khan Yunis Governorate of the southern Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Qarara had a population of 29,004 inhabitants in 2017, The town is 15 miles south of Gaza City, and used to be a farming village. It lies on trade routes dating back to the Bronze Age.
The town was a site of a displacement camp during the Israel-Hamas War. The IDF bombed the Al-Qarara Museum in the area In October 2023, which houses Canaanite and Roman-era artifacts from the region. Israeli ground forces demolished numerous residential buildings in the area in 2024.

## History

The town was home to the Al Qarara Cultural Museum, but that museum was destroyed by Israeli forces in late 2023 due to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. The Israeli military had also ordered that town to be evacuated due to the war.
A pedestrian bridge over Salah Aldin Street for students was completed in the town in September 2023. The bridge had been funded by Japan's Grant Assistance for Grassroots Human Security Projects program.
The siege of Al-Qarara began on 6 December 2023, as Israeli forces also targeted several other towns,namely Absan, Al-Nazla, Bani Suheila, and al-Satr. By 12 December the town was completely surrounded.
# Quaid-e-Azam Residency

Quaid-e-Azam Residency (Urdu: قائدِ اعظم ریزیڈنسی), also known as Ziarat Residency, is located in Ziarat, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is where Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah spent the penultimate month of his life, nursed by A. S. Nathaniel. It is the most famous landmark of the city, constructed in 1892 during the British Raj. The building is a wooden structure, originally designed as a sanatorium before being converted into the summer residence of the agent of the Governor General. It is declared a heritage site and is of great architectural importance.

## Property damage

On 29 October 2008, at around 4 am, Ziarat and surrounding areas were struck by an earthquake doublet. The first tremor, 6.2 magnitude, lasted a couple of seconds, and was followed by a magnitude-6.4 tremor that lasted almost 30 seconds, destroying many mud houses, several government buildings and neighbouring houses. The residency was also damaged during the 2008 earthquake.
On 15 June 2013, the Residency was targeted with rockets. The wooden parts of the building were badly affected as a result of the attack. Militants belonging to BLA claimed responsibility. It was badly damaged as a result of the intense attack. However, the government of Pakistan vowed to restore the site. However, despite the wooden structure being badly damaged in the 2013 attack, the concrete structure was standing and the photographs along with the other artifacts were safe and sound.

## Rehabilitation

The reconstruction work completed by builder Nayyer Ali Dada and the rehabilitated Ziarat Residency opened on August 14, 2014, by then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. The Building is now open for all to visit it.

## Depictions

The Quaid-e-Azam Residency has appeared on the 100-rupee note since 2006.
# Trevil Halt railway station

Trevil Halt railway station was a station on the London and North Western Railway's Heads of the Valleys line serving the village of Trefil in the Welsh county of Monmouthshire.

## History

The first section of the Merthyr, Tredegar and Abergavenny Railway from Abergavenny to Brynmawr was opened on 29 September 1862. The line was leased and operated by the London and North Western Railway which acquired the smaller railway company on 30 June 1866. On 1 March 1864, the line was extended from Brynmawr to Nantybwch.
Trevil opened with the extension of the line on 1 March 1864. The village had a long association with tramroads, the Trevil Rail Road having been established in May 1793 and operating from 1797. The Sirhowy Tramroad ran southwards to Sirhowy Ironworks. The Rassa Railroad ran from Trevil limestone quarries to the north-east, under the Merthyr and Abergavenny line, and to the Beaufort Ironworks. Originally, constructed to 3 ft 4 in (1,016 mm), it was converted to 4 ft 2 in (1,270 mm) gauge to link with the Sirhowy Tramroad. The works and five collieries comprising 57.5 miles (92.5 km) of private mineral lines were purchased by Richard Thomas & Co. in 1935.
Trevil station was in an isolated location, situated just to the south of the Castle Inn. It had two platforms, the main brick-built station building and house being situated on the Down platform. No goods yard was provided but parcels were handled and private sidings were provided in connection with the Beaufort Ironworks which ran parallel with the Sirhowy Tramway. These sidings lasted until May 1938. At the same time, the station's signal box was replaced by a frame in the bay window of the station house in order to maintain the block post. A few years earlier, in c. 1932–33, the station had been downgraded to a railway halt.
As a result of decline in the local industry and the costs of working the line between Abergavenny and Merthyr, passenger services ended on 4 January 1958. The last public service over the line was an SLS railtour on 5 January 1958 hauled by LNWR 0-8-0 49121 and LNWR 0-6-2 tank 58926. Official closure came on 6 January.

## Present

After closure the track was removed and the platforms demolished. The station building became a private house but the trackbed was used for a new road.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Nantybwch Line and station closed | London and North Western Railway Merthyr, Tredegar and Abergavenny Railway | Beaufort Line and station closed |

## Present

The site of the station has been lost under the A465 road.
# Lavaca River

The Lavaca River is a navigable river in Texas. It begins in the northeastern part of Gonzales County, and travels generally southeast for 115 miles (185 km) until it empties into Lavaca Bay, a component of Matagorda Bay.

## History

The navigable Texas river's name is a corruption of Rivière des Vaches ("Cow River"), by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. The flagship of Jean Laffite's fleet was alleged to have been scuttled in the lower part of the river.

## Economy

Hallettsville, and Moulton, Texas, are included in Lavaca-Navidad River Authority, which was established in 1941.
# Samuel Waley

Sam Waley (born 31 March 1983) is a Tasmanian-born Australian former representative lightweight rower. He won a bronze medal at the 2004 World Rowing Championships.

## Club and state rowing

Samuel Waley was educated at the Friends' School in Hobart where he was introduced to rowing. He rowed in that school's first VIII in 2001 with his future Australian lightweight crew-mate Kaspar Hebblewhite. His senior club rowing was from the Lindisfarne Rowing Club in Hobart. In 2002 he held a scholarship with the Tasmanian Institute of Sport.
He made state selection for Tasmania in the six seat of the 2001 youth eight contesting the Noel Wilkinson Trophy at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships. He rowed in three consecutive Tasmanian youth eights from 2001 to 2003. In 2005 he was selected in the Tasmanian's senior men's eight contesting the King's Cup at the Interstate Regatta.

## International representative rowing

Waley made his Australian representative debut while still in his second-last year of high school in 2000 in an all Tasmanian men's junior quad scull which competed at the 2000 Junior World Rowing Championships in Zagreb. That quad finished in overall sixteenth place.
In 2001 he joined his Hebblewhite in another all-Tasmanian junior coxless four which competed at the 2001 Junior World Rowing Championships in Duisburg and rowed to a seventh placing. In 2003 he was selected to an U23 lightweight quad scull which raced to a seventh place at the World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne before contesting the 2003 World Rowing U23 Championships in Belgrade where they placed fourth.
In 2004 Waley stepped up to the Australian senior lightweight squad and into the lightweight eight which was crewed by five Tasmanian rowers. They rowed to a bronze medal at the 2004 World Rowing Championships in Banyoles, Spain.
# Jonas Jonsson (sport shooter)

Jonas Jonsson (27 October 1903 – 12 January 1996) was a Swedish shooter who competed in the Olympic games in 1948. He won the bronze medal in London in the 50 metre rifle, prone position category.
# Klaus Wolfermann

Klaus Wolfermann (German pronunciation: ; 31 March 1946 – 18 December 2024) was a German javelin thrower. He represented West Germany and won a gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich and set a world record in 1973.
The javelin competition at the 1972 Games was the closest in Olympic history. Wolfermann had taken the lead from Jānis Lūsis of the USSR in the fifth round with an Olympic Record throw of 90.48 meters. Then, in the sixth and final round, Lūsis let fly with a very long effort that measured at 90.46 meters – Wolfermann's two centimeter margin was, at the time, the smallest unit of measurement used in javelin competitions.
On 5 May 1973, Klaus Wolfermann set a new world record in the javelin throw, bettering Lūsis' previous record of 93.80 meters with a mark of 94.08 m. Wolfermann's record stood until 26 July 1976, when Hungary's Miklós Németh threw his javelin for 94.58 m at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Wolfermann died on 18 December 2024, at the age of 78.
# 1859 in France

Events from the year 1859 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Napoleon III

## Events

* 26 March - Attempting to explain Mercury's solar orbit, mathematician Urbain Le Verrier has proposed the existence of a hypothetical planet, Vulcan, inside its orbit and amateur astronomer Edmond Modeste Lescarbault claims to have observed it on this date.
* 23 April - Austria issues an ultimatum seeking the complete de-militarization of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
* 29 April - Second Italian War of Independence begins, when Austrian ultimatum is ignored.
* 14 May - Napoleon III arrives in Alessandria, taking command of the operations.
* 20 May - Battle of Montebello, Piedmontese cavalry and French infantry defeat Austrian troops.
* 30 May - Battle of Palestro, French-Sardinian victory.
* 4 June - Battle of Magenta, French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III against the Austrians.
* 24 June - Battle of Solferino, French-Sardinian victory.
* 30 June - Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope for the first time.
* 12 July - Armistice of Villafranca ends the Second Italian War of Independence.
* 24 November - The French Navy's La Gloire ("Glory"), the first ocean-going ironclad warship in history, is launched.

## Arts and literature

* 19 March - Charles Gounod's opera Faust is first performed, at the Théâtre Lyrique on the Boulevard du Temple in Paris.
* 30 April - English writer Charles Dickens' historical novel A Tale of Two Cities begins publication in London.
* 19 December - César Franck inaugurates the new organ at the basilia of Sainte-Clotilde, Paris, an instrument built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.
* Georges Bizet composes the opera buffa Don Procopio and symphonic poem Vasco de Gama while in Rome.
* Sculptor Aimé Millet receives the Légion d'honneur.
* Occitan language campaigner Frédéric Mistral publishes his long poem Mirèio in Avignon.

## Births

* 15 May - Pierre Curie, physicist, shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics (died 1906)
* 3 July – Abel Julien Pagnard, French engineer and architect (died 1913)
* 7 August – Gustave Belot, professor and philosopher (died 1929)
* 3 September - Jean Jaurès, socialist and pacifist (assassinated) (died 1914)
* 9 October - Alfred Dreyfus, military officer (see: Dreyfus Affair) (died 1935)
* 18 October - Henri Bergson, philosopher (died 1941)
* 2 December - Georges-Pierre Seurat, painter (died 1891)
* 17 December - Paul César Helleu, artist (died 1927)

## Deaths

* 18 March - Jean Louis Lassaigne, chemist (born 1800)
* 16 April - Alexis de Tocqueville, political thinker and historian (born 1805)
* 5 July - Charles Cagniard de la Tour, engineer and physicist (born 1777)
* 23 July - Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, poet (born 1786)
* 7 November - Auguste Hilarion, comte de Kératry, poet, novelist, historian and politician (born 1769)
* 19 November - Charles-Gaspard Delestre-Poirson, playwright and theatre director (born 1790)
* Full date unknown - Pierre Boitard, botanist and geologist (born 1789)
# Střevač

Střevač is a municipality and village in Jičín District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Střevač consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Střevač (163)
* Batín (58)
* Nadslav (67)
* Štidla (26)
# Nicole Silveira

Nicole Rocha Silveira (born 7 May 1994) is a Brazilian skeleton racer and former bobsledder who competes on the Skeleton World Cup.

## Career

Silveira made her Skeleton World Championships debut in the 2019 edition in Whistler, finishing in 25th place. In the following edition in Altenberg, she finished in 24th place. She made her Skeleton World Cup debut in the 2020–21 season, where she only competed in 5 of the 8 scheduled races and finished 22nd overall. In the 2021 World Championships, Silveira finished in 17th.
She started the 2021–22 season with three victories at the North American Cup in Whistler, won another race of the Intercontinental Cup also in Whistler, and won two more races of the North American Cup in Park City. After that great start, she went on to the World Cup, competing in the last six of the eight scheduled events and finishing 19th overall. In this season, she obtained her best World Cup result until then, a 9th place in Altenberg. In the following World Cup, Silveira competed in all races, starting the season with an 8th place in Whistler and finishing 11th overall. In the 2023 World Championships, she had her best result, finishing 16th. In the 2023–24 Skeleton World Cup, Silveira had her best World Cup result, a 7th place in Igls.
Silveira also competed in the 2017–18 Bobsleigh World Cup, where she placed 18th in the standings.
She represented Brazil at the 2022 Winter Olympics, where she finished in 13th place after four runs, Brazil's best result in a Winter Olympic Games in sliding sports, and the second best results for Brazil including all events.

## World Cup results

All results are sourced from the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF).
| Season | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Points | Place |
| 2020–21 | SIG 1 18 | SIG 2 18 | IGL 1 18 | IGL 2 18 | WIN DNP | STM DNP | KON 20 | IGL 3 DNP | 388 | 22nd |
| 2021–22 | IGL 1 DNP | IGL 2 DNP | ALT 1 14 | WIN 1 16 | ALT 2 9 | SIG 24 | WIN 2 18 | STM 18 | 565 | 19th |
| 2022–23 | WHI 8 | PAC 10 | LPL 12 | WIN 14 | ALT 1 10 | ALT 2 16 | IGL 16 | SIG 12 | 1008 | 11th |
| 2023–24 | YAN 11 | LAP 16 | IGL 7 | STM 12 | LIL 10 | SIG 26 | ALT 24 | LAK 18 | 833 | 14th |
| 2024–25 | PYE 1 3 | PYE 2 6 | YAN DNP | ALT 7 | SIG 14 | WIN 8 | STM 3 | LIL 6 | 1192 | 6th |
DNP – did not participate

## Personal life

Silveira, who is openly bisexual, is in a relationship with fellow skeleton racer Kim Meylemans.
# George Tomeh

George Joseph Tomeh (Arabic: جورج طعمة, born 1922 in Damascus - died 2004 in Amman) was a Syrian author, diplomat, and spokesman of the Arab cause in the United States.

## Education

Tomeh obtained a master of arts degree from the American University of Beirut and a doctorate from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.

## Career
### Diplomat

Beginning in 1945, Tomeh represented the Syrian government in various capacities. Tomeh began his diplomatic career at the Syrian Embassy in London. He later served as Consul General of the United Arab Republic (Syria and Egypt) in New York City. Finally, he was appointed as Permanent Representative (Ambassador) of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations. At the United Nations, Tomeh was a member of the committees dealing with the definition of aggression, decolonization and apartheid. In November 1970, he was the president of the Security Council. He was also appointed as minister of economics of the Syrian Government in 1964.

### Educator

In 1965, he was appointed professor of philosophy at the Syrian University. Tomeh was founding president (1988–1990) of University of Balamand in Lebanon where he was professor of philosophy and history as well. Aside from teaching Dr. Tomeh has written books in Arabic and in English.

### Advisor

Tomeh served as an advisor to the Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) following his resignation from politics.