OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Livius

Livius may refer to:
* Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, a Roman senator opposing the autocracy of Augustus
* Livius, a genus of spiders with the sole species Livius macrospinus
* Livy, Latin name Titus Livius, a Roman historian
* Livius.org, a website on ancient history
# Poles in Armenia

Poles in Armenia form a small population of a few hundred, and are part of the Polish diaspora of the Caucasus region, with first Poles coming to Armenia in the 16th century.

## History

Polish merchants visited Armenia since the 16th century. In the 17th century, Polish Catholic missionaries came to Armenia, and opened a mission station in 1669. Polish Jesuits in Armenia, Tadeusz Krusiński and Michał Wieczorkowski, spoke Armenian and, apart from missionary work, engaged in dyplomacy and cultural activities.
After the Partitions of Poland carried out by Austria, Prussia and Russia in 1772–1795, and the annexation of Eastern Armenia by Russia in 1828, many Poles were either deported as political prisoners from the Russian Partition of Poland to Russian-controlled Armenian lands or were sent there after being conscripted to the Russian Army. Some conscripted Poles took part in the Russian capture of Kars in 1828. Polish poet Tadeusz Łada-Zabłocki [pl] was exiled by the Russians in Armenia in the 1840s. Since 1843, Polish engineer Kazimierz Łapczyński [pl] was also exiled in Armenia, where he eventually was employed in building forts. In 1850, Józef Chodźko [pl] became the first Pole and one of the first people overall to climb Mount Ararat.
Approximately 5,000 Poles lived in Armenia in the late 19th and early 20th century. Notable Polish communities existed in the cities of Yerevan, Gyumri, Kars and Ardahan. In 1917, Poles in Armenia established several Polish military associations.
Poles were repatriated from Armenia to newly reborn Poland since 1918. Polish navy officer Stanisław Korwin-Pawłowski started the creation of the Armenian Navy and founded a training center for the Armenian Navy. After World War II, some deported Poles from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland to Siberia and Kazakhstan, moved to Armenia.
In 1995, the Polonia Association of Poles in Armenia was established.
In 2021, a khachkar (cross carved in stone) commemorating Armenian-Polish friendship and Pope John Paul II was unveiled in Yerevan.
# 1982 Burundian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 22 October 1982, the first since 1965. Following a constitutional referendum the year before, the country had become a one-party state with the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) as the sole legal party. The party nominated 104 candidates to contest the 52 seats in the enlarged National Assembly. Following the election, in which turnout was reported to be 95%, President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza appointed a further 13 members.

## Results

| Party | Party | Seats | +/– |
| | Union for National Progress | 52 | +31 |
| Presidential appointees | Presidential appointees | 13 | New |
| Total | Total | 65 | +32 |
| Source: IPU ||||
# Jonathan Forward

Jonathan Forward (1680–1760) was a London merchant primarily responsible for convict transportation to the American colonies from 1718 to 1739. In accordance with the Transportation Act 1717, Forward was contracted to transport felons from Newgate Prison and from numerous home counties.

## Marriage

Forward married Susannah before 1712. Daughter, Elizabeth, was born in 1712 and died in 1789. On 19 December 1734, Elizabeth married Robert Byng, fourth son of Rear-Admiral George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington.

## Career

Jonathan Forward officially became a convict transport merchant in 1718. Entrepreneurial Forward worked with the government to support the British crown with transportation fees. Forward contracted with plantation owners in the colonies to receive indentured servants and convicts to work their properties. "The proposal of Jonathan Forward, merchant, for transporting felons [is read]. The proposer may take them gratis and transport them for his own advant[age]."
Forward contracted the services of numerous ships, captains, and crews to facilitate convict transportation. Among his most reliable captains was Darby Lux I commanded several ships from Anne Arundel County to Great Britain carrying tobacco on consignment to Forward. Lux's ships contracted for convict transport to Maryland included: Gilbert, 1720-1722; Jonathan, 1723-1724; Patapsco Merchant, 1732; and Genoa Galley, 1738.
Forward continued as sole convict transportation contractor until 1739, when he chose to retire after more than twenty years. "Andrew Reid, of London, merchant, is to be the transporter of felons loco Jonathan Forward, and the contract to be made with him for that purpose is to be for 3 years certain."

## Death

Jonathan Forward died in 1760 and was buried in London.

## Children

Jonathan and Susannah Forward had two daughters. One was Elizabeth, christened on 15 May 1712. The second was an unnamed girl.
# Koshan Dhanushka

Koshan Danuska (born 4 March 1993) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 5 January 2016, for Ragama Cricket Club in the 2015–16 AIA Premier T20 Tournament. In August 2021, he was named in the SLC Greys team for the 2021 SLC Invitational T20 League tournament. However, prior to the first match, he failed a fitness test.
# Rosemary Banks

Rosemary Banks (born 1951) is a New Zealand diplomat who serves as the Ambassador of New Zealand to the United States since 2024 and between 2018 and 2022. She is the first woman to hold the position.

## Education

Banks graduated with an MA in Russian from the University of Canterbury, and received an MSc from the London School of Economics. She was awarded an honorary doctorate of literature by the University of Canterbury in April 2015.

## Career

Banks served as New Zealand deputy high commissioner to the Solomon Islands between 1985 and 1987, and to Australia from 1992 until 1995.
As Deputy Secretary in New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Banks spearheaded the development of a new emergency response system, following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the 2002 Bali bombings, and the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.
She was New Zealand's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York from June 2005 to June 2009, and Ambassador to France and Permanent Representative to the OECD from 2010 to 2014. In 2018, Banks succeeded Tim Groser as New Zealand ambassador to the United States.
Banks has also served as a Crown negotiator for the Treaty of Waitangi settlement process.
# Pease Creek

Pease Creek is a stream in South Dakota. It is named after F. D. Pease, an early settler and later territorial politician.
# Żerniki, Kalisz County

Żerniki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Blizanów, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Blizanów, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Kalisz, and 94 km (58 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Maryam Rayed

Maryam Rayed is an Afghan advocate for human rights, known for her contributions to peace, freedom, and equality, with a focus on the empowerment of women and youth in Afghanistan. Rayed's advocacy is grounded in her experiences growing up during the Taliban's first rule in Afghanistan, which has informed her commitment to gender-inclusive discussions on peace and security.

## Early life and education

Born and raised in Afghanistan, Rayed completed her undergraduate studies at Kabul University, where she received a bachelor's degree in Sociology and Philosophy. She later earned a master's degree in Gender and Women's Studies from the same institution. As a Fulbright scholar, she pursued further education at Georgetown University, USA, specializing in Governance and Democracy. Her studies concentrated on institution building, governance assistance, and the analysis of institutional fragility, conflict, and community resilience. Rayed's academic experience includes participation in the Erasmus Plus program, with studies in Poland and Germany. She is proficient in Dari Persian and Pashto and has a working knowledge of Arabic and Urdu.

## Career and advocacy

Rayed has served as the deputy director of Foreign Relations and Human Rights at the State Ministry for Peace in Afghanistan, where she worked on incorporating women's rights into peace and security dialogues. She is the founder of the Afghanistan Women's Think Tank, which aims to enhance peace and stability through a gender-focused approach to research and advocacy. Furthermore, Rayed co-founded Democracy Pen, a nonprofit advocating for democracy, women's education, and freedom of the press.
Her has also advocated for international solidarity among women's movements and addressing the challenges faced by women in Afghanistan, Iran, and areas under authoritarian regimes. Rayed emphasizes the inclusion of marginalized voices in global discussions to promote women's dignity and equality.

## Awards and recognition

In 2022, Rayed received the Advocate of the Year award from Women in Government Relations, a US-based entity. This recognition, marking her as an Advocate on the Rise, was the first of its kind awarded to an Afghan woman for her activism and advocacy in women's political empowerment.

## Personal life

After Afghanistan's government collapse in 2021, Rayed entered political exile in the United States. There, she continues her advocacy and academic endeavors, focusing on the rights of Afghan women and contributing to the global gender equality movement.
# John Hallet

John Hallet is a British actor, probably best known for his role as Barney in the 1970s television drama Survivors.
Other TV credits include: Z-Cars, The Regiment as regular Pte Hodge, Oil Strike North, All Creatures Great and Small, Call Me Mister and the uncompleted Doctor Who serial Shada.
# Nure Sofi

Nûre Sûfi Bey (Turkish: Nureddin Bey) was the founder of Karamanid dynasty, a Turkic dynasty which ruled part of Anatolia in the 14th and 15th centuries as a rival of the Ottoman Empire. He was the son of Hodja Sad al-Din (Turkish: Hoca Sadeddin) who had come from Arran, staying for some years near Sivas. This, when generalized, is a reference to the actual migrations brought about by Khwārizmian and Mongol pressure, and moreover it suggests some perceptible connection, if not precisely with Baba Ishak, at least with circles influenced by religious influence of that kind - there is a reference to a Khorasanian Șūfī, Baba Ilyās, with whom both Nûre Sûfi and Baba Ishāq are said to have been in touch - and also to the fact that the first chiefs who brought in these Turkmens were equally leaders in the field of religion.
Nure Sofi was a member of Afşar tribe of Turkmens. Originally living in West Turkmenistan the tribe moved west to Anatolia in 1228 probably to escape from the invading Mongols. They were welcomed by Alaattin Keykubat I of the Sultanate of Rum and they were settled around Ermenek (now a district in Karaman Province) Nure Sofi's original position in the tribe is not known. According to some he was dealing with coal trade between Ermenek and the Seljuk cities to the north But he soon proved himself as a leader during Babai Revolt in which he was the partisan of Baba İshak. He also captured many small settlements around Ermenek to form the core of the future Karamanoğlu Beylik.
According to historian Shikari, Nûre Sûfi Bey was more interested in Sufi religious matters (he was a disciple of Baba Ilyās) than in politics and military and named his son Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey in commandment in order for him to follow a life of solitude.
He died probably around 1257. His tomb is in Değirmenlik, a location in Mut district of Mersin Province He was succeeded by his son Karaman Bey who assumed full power upon his death.
Nûre Sûfi fathered two other sons: Zayn al-Hadjdj (died in battle in 1262, fighting for Izz al-Din Kaykaus against Rukn al-Din Kaykubad), Bünsuz, and a daughter (who died in 1282).
# Matthew Renouf

Matthew Renouf (born 15 April 1993) is a cricketer who plays for Guernsey. He was named in Guernsey's squad for the 2012 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in Singapore. He made his international debut for Guernsey, against Bahrain, and he played in the match against the Cayman Islands.
In August 2020, Renouf was named in Guernsey's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their one-off match against the Isle of Man.
# Malcolm Templeton

Malcolm James Campbell Templeton QSO (12 May 1924 – 11 September 2017) was a New Zealand public servant and diplomat. He held a number of senior positions, including permanent representative to the United Nations, and deputy secretary of foreign affairs under secretary Merwyn Norrish.
Templeton was a supporter of the Halt All Racist Tours (HART) movement that opposed New Zealand's sporting contact with South Africa during the apartheid era, and was an opponent of French nuclear testing in the South Pacific.
   The world needed another nuclear power like a hole in the head" – referring to the French nuclear testing at Moruroa atoll (recorded in interview as played in a BBC4 programme "Blowing Up Paradise: Liberty, Equality and Radioactivity
Templeton wrote a number of books and publications on New Zealand's foreign relations and defence.
In the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours, Templeton was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services.
Templeton's brothers are veteran press gallery journalist Ian Templeton, and former diplomat and Minister Hugh Templeton.

## Publications

* Standing Upright Here: New Zealand in the Nuclear Age 1945–1990. (2006. Victoria University Press / New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, Wellington) ISBN 9780864735409
* Protecting Antarctica (2002)
* A Wise Adventure: New Zealand and the Antarctic 1923–1960 (2001)
* Human Rights and Sporting Contacts: New Zealand Attitudes to Race Relations in South Africa (1998, revised edition(?) 1999)
* Ties of Blood and Empire: New Zealand's Involvement in Middle East Defence and the Suez Crisis 1947–57 (1994)
* Defence and Security: What New Zealand Needs (1986)
* An eye, an ear and a voice: 50 years in New Zealand’s external relations edited by Malcolm Templeton (1993, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Wellington NZ) ISBN 0-477-03725-9
# Rowland B. Smith House

The Rowland B. Smith House is a historic house at 234 Agee Street in Camden, Arkansas. This single-story wood-frame house was supposedly built in 1856, and exhibits no distinctive architectural style. The house is L-shaped, with a four-bay facade. A porch runs across the front under the main roof, which is supported by square columns. The house was probably built as a "in-town" house for the owner of a cotton plantation.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
# David Quesada

David Quesada (born March 30, 1971) is an American former soccer player who played as a forward in Costa Rica and the United States. He also earned one cap with the United States national team.

## Player
### High school and college

Quesada attended La Cañada High School where he played on the boys' soccer team. As a senior, he won the CIF championship and was voted CIF MVP. First time in history La Cañada High School Soccer wins a CIF Championship. He was inducted into the school's Hall of Fame in 1995. After graduating from high school in 1989, he entered San Diego State University where he played two seasons on the men's soccer team.

### Costa Rica

While spending the summer with family in Costa Rica after his sophomore season at San Diego, Quesada was offered a contract by L.D. Alajuelense. He signed with the team in 1992. In 1994, he moved to San Ramon and then Saprissa before returning to the U.S. in 1998. In 1996, Saprissa loaned Quesada to Club Deportivo FAS of El Salvador for the league championship game. Quesada scored the winning goal, then returned to Saprissa.

### MLS

On March 24, 1998, the Los Angeles Galaxy of Major League Soccer signed Quesada as a discovery player. He played only nine minutes for the Galaxy after entering a June 7, 1988 game against the New England Revolution in the 81st minute for Steve Jolley. The Galaxy released him on June 17, 1988.

### Amateur

In 2004, he played for the amateur Los Angeles Croatia in the West Coast Croatian Soccer Tournament.

### National team

Quesada earned his one cap with the national team in a 2–1 loss to Costa Rica on May 28, 1995. He came on for John Kerr in the 88th minute. In August 1995, he played an unofficial national team game against Benfica in the Parmalat Cup.

## Coach

He currently coaches youth soccer in Glendale, California and is an assistant soccer coach with Claremont McKenna College.
In addition to playing and coaching soccer, Quesada owns a Bed and Breakfast in Alajuela, Costa Rica.
# Sarrus linkage

The Sarrus linkage, invented in 1853 by Pierre Frédéric Sarrus, is a mechanical linkage to convert a limited circular motion to a linear motion or vice versa without reference guideways. It is a spatial six-bar linkage (6R) with two groups of three parallel adjacent joint-axes.
Although Charles-Nicolas Peaucellier was widely recognized for being the first to invent such a straight-line mechanism, the Sarrus linkage had been invented earlier; however, it was largely unnoticed for a time.

## Description

The Sarrus linkage consists of four links in two identical groups that are perpendicular to each other, with all links having equal lengths. In the examples shown, the linkage uses two horizontal plates (cyan) positioned parallel to each other, one above the other. Pairs of bars or plates (yellow) with hinges at the middle connect the horizontal plates. The upper plate moves vertically up and down, towards and away from the lower plate. Each hinge constrains the attached bars or plates to remain in the same plane as the hinge, and also to remain in the same axial translation.
The Sarrus linkage is of a three-dimensional class sometimes known as a space crank, unlike the Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage which is a planar mechanism. One of its main advantages is that it can be used to lift the structure connecting the upper links, allowing an impressive range of movements. According to mobility analysis, the Degree of Freedom two-sided Sarrus linkage is 0. However, due to overconstrain, the upper platform can move up and down.

## Gallery

* Alternative Sarrus linkage
* 3-sided linkage
* 4-sided linkage
* 6-sided linkage
# The New Paper

The New Paper is a Singaporean newspaper. It was originally published in tabloid format as a "noon paper", then from 2016 as a freesheet in the morning from 7 a.m. onwards. In December 2021 the paper went to digital only.

## History

First launched on 26 July 1988, by Singapore Press Holdings (SPH), it had an average daily circulation of 101,600 in August 2010, according to SPH.
In 1991, the paper organised the New Paper Big Walk, a mass-participation walking event. The event came to be held annually in Singapore. It holds the official Guinness World Record as world's largest walk when a record-breaking 77,500 participants joined on 21 May 2000.
There is also a noon edition that hits the newsstands on Mondays and Thursdays that gives more special coverage of late-night association football matches that occur after the morning edition goes to press. The New Paper was Singapore's second-highest circulating paid English-language newspaper before it became a free newspaper on 1 December 2016.
The New Paper is noted for its coverage of sports news, particularly of association football (e.g. the UEFA Champions League and the Premier League). Amongst its sports journalists, Iain Macintosh was voted second runner-up for Best Football Journalist held by Soccerlens.com website in 2010.
On 15 June 1993, in partnership with distributor Lityan Systems, both parties launched a one-step video programmer, to help readers key in the four-digit codes assigned for the programmes listed in the television guides published in The New Paper. The device cost $125.
FiRST which was originally published as a monthly magazine, merged with The New Paper in May 2009, and was published as a weekly pull-out rather than monthly.
The New Paper is often compared to the tabloid Today, although the latter positions itself against The Straits Times. The New Paper targets readers with more eye-catching tabloid journalism featuring sensationalist headlines. It tends to focus on local human-interest stories, with extensive sections on entertainment, fashion and sports. There is, in comparison with The Straits Times, very little coverage of international news. However, according to SPH, The New Paper presents "news with sharp angles not seen elsewhere", and perceives its paper to be "stylish", "arresting" and "easy to read" while tackling "complex issues".
The newspaper's average daily sales had dropped to 60,000, according to Warren Fernandez, Editor-in-Chief of the English/Malay/Tamil Media group of SPH, before it became a freesheet.
On 17 October 2016, Singapore Press Holdings announced a 10% cut of staff, and that My Paper and The New Paper (TNP) would be merged to form a revamped TNP that will be a freesheet on 1 December 2016. Distributed free of charge, this version of The New Paper aimed to reach a circulation of 300,000, matching Today, the other English-language free newspaper in Singapore.
On 10 December 2021, The New Paper ceased its print edition and went fully digital.
# Cervus elaphus acoronatus

Cervus elaphus acoronatus is an extinct subspecies of the red deer belonging to the family Cervidae. Some authors consider it a distinct species, Cervus acoronatus.

## Description

Cervus elaphus acoronatus was a red deer subspecies of large size, similar to that of the existing red deer, Cervus elaphus, with large and well-developed antlers. In this archaic form, the antlers lack at their apices, even in adult individuals, the characteristic multipointed "crown" (hence the Latin name acoronatus, meaning without crown). In this subspecies, the antlers have a simple distal fork oriented transversally to the axis of the body.
It is a deer of Eastern origin, reported in Central Europe in the Pleistocene. The fossil records of C. e. acoronatus start in the lower Middle Pleistocene. Later, the morphology of the antlers changed, developing the mentioned crown.
# Pelucia Creek

Pelucia Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to the Yazoo River.
Pelucia is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean "flying squirrels are there".
# Żurawiec, Śrem County

Żurawiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brodnica, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Brodnica, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Śrem, and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# 2004 San Diego Toreros football team

The 2004 San Diego Toreros football team represented the University of San Diego as a member of the North Division of the Pioneer Football League (PFL) during the 2004 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their first year under head coach Jim Harbaugh, the Toreros compiled a 7–4 record and outscored their opponents 397 to 266.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 4 | at Azusa Pacific* | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | L 17–24 | |
| September 11 | at Holy Cross* | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | W 37–31 | 5,471 |
| September 18 | Penn* | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | L 18–61 | 4,012 |
| September 25 | Princeton* | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | L 17–24 | 3,528 |
| October 2 | Southern Oregon* | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | W 51–10 | |
| October 9 | at Drake | Drake StadiumDes Moines, IA | L 38–41 | 5,255 |
| October 16 | Valparaiso | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | W 49–14 | |
| October 23 | Davidson | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | W 56–0 | |
| October 30 | at Butler | Sellick BowlIndianapolis, IN | W 41–12 | 1,177 |
| November 6 | Dayton | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | W 38–35 | |
| November 13 | Wagner* | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | W 35–14 | 3,316 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||