# 2013 G20 Saint Petersburg summit

The 2013 G20 Saint Petersburg summit was the eighth meeting of the G20 heads of government/heads of state. The hosting venue was the Constantine Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

## Syria

The summit was dominated by questions regarding the Syrian civil war and any potential international reaction to the Ghouta chemical attacks. The summit came after U.S.-led efforts to obtain a UN Security Council resolution authorising military strikes against the Assad government had failed due to Russian and Chinese opposition. The House of Commons of the United Kingdom had defeated a motion regarding UK involvement in any strike on 30 August and U.S. politicians were debating potential action as the summit was ongoing.
Media billed the summit as a contest between U.S. President Barack Obama, trying to garner support for military action, and Russian President Vladimir Putin in opposition to any such action. 11 countries signed a U.S.-authored statement blaming and condemning the Assad government for the attacks and calling for a "strong international response".

## Finance policy meetings

Russia, as this year's chair, hosted the G20 finance ministers and central bank governors' meeting in Moscow on 15 and 16 February 2013. While preparing for the September summit, the most pressing subject addressed – "desperately" according to Canadian Finance Minister Jim Flaherty – was protectionist actions such as competitive devaluations. Japan, represented by finance minister Taro Aso, "escape[d] criticism" for the 20% drop in the yen that had stemmed from its recent reflationary policies. The "nations declared ... there would be no currency war and deferred plans to set new debt-cutting targets, underlining broad concern about the fragile state of the world economy", per Reuters.
Another meeting of the same participants was held in Moscow on 18 and 19 April 2013.

## Attendance

This meeting was the second time an Australian Prime Minister could not be in attendance, with Kevin Rudd being represented by Foreign Minister Bob Carr, owing to the timing of a federal election on 7 September. In 2010, Rudd had been unable to attend when he was displaced as prime minister two days before the 2010 G20 Toronto summit, at which Deputy Prime Minister Wayne Swan then represented Australia. During the summit, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh focused on the ongoing economic crisis and urged the G20 nations to pay more attention to their monetary policies.
After a suggestion by South African President Zuma to invite additional representatives from African nations to St Petersburg, Russia's President Vladimir Putin declared that he appreciates this suggestion, and is ready to welcome leaders from the African Union and the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) to the G20 summit in St Petersburg.

## Participating leaders

* Argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President
* Australia Bob Carr, Minister of Foreign Affairs
* Brazil Dilma Rousseff, President
* Canada Stephen Harper, Prime Minister
* China Xi Jinping, President
* France François Hollande, President
* Germany Angela Merkel, Chancellor
* India Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister
* Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President
* Italy Enrico Letta, Prime Minister
* Japan Shinzō Abe, Prime Minister
* Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto, President
* Russia Vladimir Putin, President (Host)
* Saudi Arabia Abdullah, King
* South Africa Jacob Zuma, President
* South Korea Park Geun-hye, President
* Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister
* United Kingdom David Cameron, Prime Minister
* United States Barack Obama, President
* European Union Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council
* European Union José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission

### Invited guests

* Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan, 2013 Chair of ASEAN
* Ethiopia Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime Minister, 2013 Chair of the African Union
* Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, President
* Senegal Macky Sall, President, 2013 Chair of NEPAD in 2013
* Singapore Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister, 2013 Chair of the International Monetary Fund and the Global Governance Group
* Spain Mariano Rajoy, Prime Minister, Permanent guest invitee