OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tatvan

Tatvan (Kurdish: Tetwan; Armenian: Դատվան, romanized: Datvan) is a city on the western shore of Lake Van, in Bitlis Province in eastern Turkey. It is the seat of Tatvan District. Its population is 79,214 (2021), making it the most populated municipality of the province. The current mayor is Mümin Erol (DEM Party).
The town is populated by Kurds of the Bekiran tribe.

## History

The citadel of Eski Tatvan possibly dates back to the Urartian period. It was used at least until the 17th century. Sayf al-Dawla, the Arab Hamdanid emir of Aleppo, visited Tatvan in 939/40. While he was there, he received the submission of the Armenian prince Ashot III of Taron. The town was historically an important place on the route from Van to Bitlis. By the 20th century, though, Tatvan had dwindled to a mere village, little more than "a cluster of houses by a jetty". It only developed back into a town when transport links improved around mid-century, with the construction of the railway in the 1950s and the improvement of the road to Van in 1964. In the 1980s, T.A. Sinclair wrote that the Denizcilik Bankası (Shipping Company) ran a good hotel on the south side of town, which was often full. The other hotels at the time, he wrote, were in the town centre and were not good.

## Transport

The Tatvan Pier railway station is the eastern terminus of the railway line between Ankara and Teheran, with freight and passenger trains. It is connected eastwards to Van, 100 km away, and westwards to the rest of Turkey, by State Road D300. There is also a train ferry across the lake Van. The ferry was upgraded in 2015.
There is no railway around the lake to Van. The intention is to build one but to date there are no plans. This would actually create an unbroken rail link between Europe and the Indian subcontinent, as Van is effectively the western terminus of the Iranian railway network.
There is a bus station about 500 meters from the train station.

## Climate

Climate data for Tatvan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.78 (42.40) | 7.72 (45.90) | 11.18 (52.12) | 14.65 (58.37) | 18.52 (65.34) | 25.07 (77.13) | 29.75 (85.55) | 29.55 (85.19) | 23.85 (74.93) | 16.47 (61.65) | 5.22 (41.40) | 2.35 (36.23) | 15.84 (60.52) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.33 (32.59) | 1.97 (35.55) | 5.2 (41.4) | 9.68 (49.42) | 13.27 (55.89) | 18.27 (64.89) | 22.68 (72.82) | 22.52 (72.54) | 17.4 (63.3) | 11.37 (52.47) | 6.18 (43.12) | 2.18 (35.92) | 10.92 (51.66) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.52 (23.86) | −6.15 (20.93) | −0.8 (30.6) | 4.68 (40.42) | 8.0 (46.4) | 11.45 (52.61) | 15.72 (60.30) | 14.6 (58.3) | 10.32 (50.58) | 5.22 (41.40) | 2.35 (36.23) | −3.1 (26.4) | 4.81 (40.67) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 85.22 (3.36) | 60.12 (2.37) | 93.20 (3.67) | 90.42 (3.56) | 74.22 (2.92) | 11.15 (0.44) | 4.58 (0.18) | 4.73 (0.19) | 9.58 (0.38) | 87.28 (3.44) | 48.75 (1.92) | 81.66 (3.21) | 650.91 (25.64) |
| Source: Meteomanz (2000-2002, 2013-2016) ||||||||||||||
# Prostitution in the State of Palestine

Prostitution in the State of Palestine is illegal, under Palestinian law.
A 2009 report by the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and SAWA-All the Women Together Today and Tomorrow, a Palestinian NGO, suggested that while like in other places around the world a number of women turned to prostitution in the face of poverty and violence, in Palestine cases mainly stemmed from incidents of sexual violence, and occasionally forced marriage at a young age. The report urged the Palestinian authorities and Palestinian society to acknowledge the existence of the problem.

## History

Under Ottoman rule, there were no laws on prostitution. During the era of slavery in Ottoman Palestine, prostitution was connected to slavery. Since the principle of concubinage in Islam in Islamic Law allowed a man to have intercourse with his female slave, prostitution was practiced by a pimp selling his female slave on the slave market to a client, who was allowed to have intercourse with her as her new owner, and who after intercourse returned his ownership of her to her pimp on the pretext of discontent, which was a legal and accepted method for prostitution for centuries in the Islamic world.
After coming under British control during WW1, through 1948, the attitude of the authorities towards prostitution reflected those of Britain. Ordinances issued in 1925 (under High Commissioner Herbert Samuel) and 1927 (under Herbert Plumer) introduced laws on prostitution similar to those in Britain. Soliciting, living off the earnings of prostitutes, and the keeping of brothels were outlawed. There is evidence that in WW2, military authorities regulated brothels for soldiers, including medical examinations.
Prostitution is prohibited by Articles 309–318 of the Penal Code in the West Bank and Articles 161–166 of the Criminal Code of 1936 in Gaza.

## Overview

According to a report released in 2009, numbers of women in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank had been forced into prostitution by traffickers and family members. There were legally registered hotels and cleaning companies that offered "double services," which included sexual services for men. The report suggested that while like in other places around the world a number of women turned to prostitution in the face of poverty and violence, in Palestine cases mainly stemmed from incidents of sexual violence, and occasionally forced marriage at a young age. The report "Trafficking and Forced Prostitution of Palestinian Women and Girls: Forms of Modern Day Slavery" was supported by the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and researched by "SAWA-All the Women Together Today and Tomorrow", a Palestinian NGO, during the first half of 2008.
The Palestinian laws prohibit forcing women into any illegal sexual intercourse -- as long as “such a woman is not a prostitute and is not known for her immoral character.” Shelters in Palestine refuse to provide assistance to sex workers.
Ramallah has prostitution, but long-term abstinence is common, as premarital sex is seen as taboo in the territories.
# Marko Perović (footballer, born 1972)

Marko Perović (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Перовић; born 24 March 1972) is a Serbian football manager and former player who is currently the assistant coach of Singapore Premier League club Lion City Sailors.

## Club career

After starting out at his hometown club Dubočica, Perović played for Vojvodina, Red Star Belgrade, Cremonese, Vitesse, Sporting Gijón, Austria Wien, Rad, Ancona, Napoli, Grosseto, and Pistoiese.

## International career

At international level, Perović was capped three times for FR Yugoslavia from 1995 to 1996.

## Managerial career

Perović started his coaching career working as an assistant under Zoran Milinković at Vojvodina in July 2010. Perović went on to follow Milinković continuing to become his assistant at Spartak Subotica in 2011 and OFK Beograd on 18 September 2012.
In July 2013, Perović was given his first managerial duty role at Italian club Serie C club Cremonese. However, he was then shifted to become the club assistant coach on 25 June 2014 working under Marco Giampaolo and later, with Mario Montorfano
On 18 February 2016, Perović reunited with Milinković where he continue working as his assistant at Anorthosis. However a disappointing run in the league saw them both getting sacked from the Cypriot club.
On 26 February 2018, Perović reunited with Milinković again where they joined Rad in their native country.
In July 2020, Perović served as manager of Železničar Pančevo making his first managerial role since 2014.
On 4 February 2022, Perović was appointed as the manager of second tier Serbian club Dubočica.
On 19 July 2023, Perović was appointed by Singapore Premier League club Lion City Sailors working under compatriot Aleksandar Ranković as his assistant.
# Michael German

Michael German is a retired American FBI agent, scholar, and writer. He is a fellow in the Brennan Center for Justice's Liberty and National Security program.

## Life

During his 16-year career as a Special Agent in the FBI, German spent many months undercover, first among white supremacists and then among right-wing militants. German left the FBI in 2004 as a whistleblower, alleging misconduct and mismanagement in counterterrorism cases. German reported this mismanagement to Congress.
His 2008 book, Thinking Like a Terrorist: Insights of a Former FBI Undercover Agent, was about his experiences as a special agent. He spent seven years as a Senior Policy Counsel at the ACLU’s Washington Legislative Office, working on issues relating to national security policies and civil rights. German joined writer and director Daniel Ragussis in creating the screenplay for Imperium, starring Daniel Radcliffe as an undercover FBI Special Agent under an FBI case agent played by Toni Collette.
His work has appeared in the Guardian, Time, The Cipher Brief, and Defence One.

## Works

* Thinking Like a Terrorist: Insights of a Former FBI Undercover Agent, University of Nebraska Press, 2008. ISBN 9781597970266
* Disrupt, Discredit, and Divide: How the New FBI Damages Democracy, The New Press, 2019. ISBN 9781620973790
# Gilles de Kerchove

Gilles de Kerchove d'Ousselghem (born 3 October 1956 in Uccle (Ukkel), Belgium) is a Belgian senior European Union official. He was director in the general directorate of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) in the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union from 1995 – 2007, he has since been appointed as EU Counter-terrorism Coordinator, succeeding Gijs de Vries.

## Biography

He obtained his law degree at the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in 1979, later followed by a Masters in Law at Yale Law School in 1984.
He joined the European Commission in 1985 as an administrator in Directorate General IV for Competition. From 1986 to 1995, he worked for the Belgian government, as chief of staff of the deputy prime minister and various ministries.
During his time in office as director in the JHA sector, he had a central role in the negotiations for Eurojust and the European arrest warrant. Since 2007, he holds the office of EU Counter-Terrorism Coordinator. He was also Deputy Secretary of the Convention which drafted the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union from 1999 to 2000.
In addition to his administrative duties, he is also a lecturer in law at several universities in Belgium, particularly at the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in Louvain-la-Neuve, at Saint-Louis University, Brussels and the Université libre de Bruxelles (Brussels).
In 1979 he married Anne del Marmol (15 April 1956) and has three children: Arnaud (1984), Thomas (1987) and Antoine (1988).

## Political digital agenda

Since 2015 he is fighting encryption and demands backdoors.
# Federal Office of Culture

The Federal Office of Culture (FOC) is an administrative unit of the Federal Department of Home Affairs, based in Bern, Switzerland. The agency has two extensive areas of responsibility: promoting Swiss culture and preserving the country’s cultural heritage. In 2014, its total budget was close to 170 million francs. The FOC promotes culture in the fields of literature, theatre, dance, music, film, the visual arts and design. It helps preserve the cultural heritage by supporting the protection of monuments and archeological research, and it also maintains valuable collections, libraries, archives, and museums.
From 2005 to 2013, Jean-Frédéric Jauslin was director of the Federal Office of Culture. His successor, as of 1 November 2013, is Isabelle Chassot.

## History

The Federal Office of Culture was established in 1973 as a simple administrative service to coordinate cultural activities. The Clottu-Report, commissioned by the Federal Department of Home Affairs and published in 1975, inventoried Switzerland’s cultural tools and assets and presented proposals for a cultural policy. The report recommended the creation of a new article in the constitution to define the authority of the federal government in the cultural domain. However, it was not until 1999, after a series of difficult referendums and in the context of the total revision of the Federal Constitution that the role of the federal government in arts and culture was inscribed in the constitution (Art 69 FC). To implement this "Culture Article", as it came to be known, the FOC drafted a Law for the Promotion of Culture. It was adopted by parliament on 11 December 2009, and became effective on 1 January 2012.

## Legal principles

The cultural role of the federal government is defined in articles 69, 70, and 71 of the Federal Constitution.
Whereas cultural affairs are generally the responsibility of the cantons (article 1 of the Federal Constitution), the federal government "may support cultural efforts of nationwide interest and promote art and music, especially in the field of education" (article 69). In doing so the federal government always takes into consideration the "cultural and linguistic diversity of the country" (article 69). The federal government is responsible for film (article 71) and the preservation and promotion of multilingualism (article 70). In the public interest the federal authorities also preserve and protect "landscapes, the overall appearance of towns or villages, historic sites, as well as natural and cultural monuments" (article).

## Organization

The Federal Office of Culture is divided into two sections which disseminate culture and promote culture, respectively. The organization chart shows the following internal departments:
* Preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage
** Swiss National Library
** Museums and collections
** Cultural heritage preservation and protection of monuments
* Cultural production and cultural diversity
** Culture and society
** Cultural production
** Film
# Piet Keur

Pieter "Piet" Keur (born 20 December 1960 in Zandvoort, North Holland) is a retired football striker from the Netherlands, who was a prolific goalscorer in the 1980s and early 1990s. He's currently striker-coach at AZ.
He played for HFC Haarlem (1981–1987), FC Twente (1987–1989), Feyenoord Rotterdam (1989–1990), SVV (1991), HFC Haarlem (1991–1993), SC Heerenveen (1993–1994) and AZ Alkmaar (1995–1996). He retired in 1996, playing for the club where he started his career, HFC Haarlem. Keur was a member of the famous Haarlem-team, that competed in the UEFA Cup in the 1982–83 season, for the first time in the club's history.
# Clifton (surname)

Clifton is a surname.

## People

* Clifton (1817 cricketer), English cricketer
* Allie Clifton (born 1988), American journalist
* Arthur Clifton (1771–1869), British soldier
* Bernie Clifton (born 1936), British comedian
* Bill Clifton (born 1931), American musician
* Brian Clifton (footballer) (1934–2020), English footballer who played for Southampton and Grimsby Town
* Chad Clifton (born 1976), offensive lineman for the Green Bay Packers football team
* Chas S. Clifton (born 1951), American academic
* Chester Victor Clifton Jr. (1913–1991), Major General in the United States Army
* Clifford Clifton (1626–1670), English landowner and politician
* Connor Clifton (born 1995), American ice hockey player
* Dan Clifton (1865–1896?), American Old West outlaw
* Donald O. Clifton (1924–2003), American psychologist
* Elmer Clifton (1890–1949), American writer and actor
* Flea Clifton (1909–1997), American baseball player
* Gervase Clifton, 1st Baron Clifton (1579–1618), of Barrington Court, Somerset
* Sir Gervase Clifton, 1st Baronet, (1587–1666), of Nottinghamshire
* Sir Gervase Clifton, 2nd Baronet, (1612–1675), of Nottinghamshire
* Harry Clifton (disambiguation)
* Helen Clifton (1948–2011), wife of the 18th General of the Salvation Army
* Herbert Clifton (1885–1947), British-born female impersonator and actor
* Jane Clifton (born 1949), Australian actor
* Jessie Clifton (1876–1959), Australian nurse
* Jim Clifton, American businessman
* Joanne Clifton (born 1983), English dancer
* John Clifton (disambiguation)
* John Talbot Clifton (1868–1928), English traveller and landowner
* Joseph C. Clifton (1905–1967), American naval officer
* Kevin Clifton (born 1982), English dancer
* Kyle Clifton (born 1962), American footballer
* Maddie Clifton (1990–1998), American murder victim
* Mark Clifton (1906–1963), American author and businessman
* Nathaniel Clifton (1922–1990), American athlete
* Pete Clifton (born 1962), head of BBC News Interactive
* Peter Clifton (1941–2018), Australian director and producer
* Phil Clifton (born 1988), British television and radio presenter
* Richard Clifton (born 1950), American judge
* Rob Clifton, American politician
* Sir Robert Clifton, 5th Baronet (1690–1762), MP for East Retford
* Sir Robert Clifton, 7th Baronet (1767–1837), High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire in 1820
* Robert Cox Clifton (1810–1861), British clergyman and canon of Manchester Cathedral
* Robert Bellamy Clifton (1836–1921), British physicist
* Robert Juckes Clifton (1826–1869), English Liberal Party politician
* Robert D. Clifton (born 1968), American politician
* Romola Clifton (born 1935), Australian painter
* Scott Clifton (born 1987), American musician and actor
* Shaw Clifton (1945–2023), 18th General of the Salvation Army
* Steve Clifton (born 1987), Australian rules football player
* Tuva'a Clifton (born 1997), Samoan canoeist
* Violet Clifton (1883–1961), English traveller
* Sir William Clifton, 3rd Baronet, (1663–1686), of Nottinghamshire

## Fictional

* Tony Clifton, fictional character created by Andy Kaufman
* Pat Clifton, protagonist of Postman Pat
* Leon Clifton, a fictional American detective from Czech pulp fiction
# Husky Union Building

The Husky Union Building (The HUB) is a building at the University of Washington that is known as the center of campus as it functions as an event center, a place for student engagement, and a place intended to improve student experience.

## History and architecture

The HUB's original architecture contained elements of Collegiate Gothic Revival Style, but a more modern interior. It was transferred from the Associated Students of the University of Washington (ASUW) to the university administration in April 1962.
Talks of building a union building at the University of Washington began in 1919, after decades of planning, it was fully constructed and opened in October 1949. The original building was 71,000 square feet. Throughout time, many additions were made to the HUB; what student paper The Washington Daily would refer to as the building's name. In 1952, a ballroom, game room, deck, an expansion of the food service, and barbershop were all added to the building. In 1953, the University Book Store added a branch inside the building.
In the early 1970s, the hub underwent a major renovation that included one of the largest precast structural beams ever used in a structure. The firm Joyce Copeland Vaughan and Nordfors designed the renovation, the principal architect was Clayton R Joyce, a University of Washington graduate class of 58. The HUB now stands at 262,000 square feet. Construction began in July 2010 on another remodeling of the HUB. The Grand Opening of the new HUB took place in Fall 2012.

## Activities and event spaces

Within the HUB, there are variety of spaces to hold activities and events.
The lower floor hosts HUB Games, which is home to a bowling alley, an e-sports lounge, table tennis and pool tables, and other gaming consoles and board games. The HUB also contains the Husky Den Food Court, a dining hall which contains a variety of food options. Some of the notable restaurants in the food court include: Ace Sushi, DUB Street Burgers, Firecracker, Motosurf and Pagliacci Pizza. In addition, many other services are hosted at the HUB, such as an information desk and a University Book Store branch. One notable trait about many of the office rooms at the HUB is that they are hosts to specific student groups and services available to registered student organizations (RSO) or to the general student population. These rooms include Scissor's Edge, a salon and styling shop, Q Center, an office for Greek Life, and a meditation room. Another notable space to hold events in is the HUB Ballroom, which fills almost 14,000 square feet.
# Deer Creek (Maryland)

Deer Creek is a 52.9-mile-long (85.1 km) river in Maryland and Pennsylvania that flows through the scenic areas of Harford County and empties into the Susquehanna River, roughly halfway between the Interstate 95 bridge and Conowingo Dam. Its watershed area is 171 square miles (440 km$^2$). Its watershed area in MD (excluding water) is 145 square miles (380 km$^2$), with 3% impervious surface in 1994. It serves as a divider between the agricultural and urban/suburban areas of Harford County.

## Geography

Deer Creek rises in Shrewsbury in York County, Pennsylvania, and flows southeast, soon entering Maryland. It cuts across the northeastern corner of Baltimore County and into Harford County, where it runs through Rocks State Park, Palmer State Park, and Susquehanna State Park, passing north of the Bel Air area.
The only dam on Deer Creek, the Wilson Mill Dam, is located along Glenville Road in Harford County. A Denil (baffle) fish ladder was built beside the dam in 2000, re-opening approximately twenty-five miles of spawning habitat to several anadromous fish species.
Deer Creek supported the last known population of the Maryland darter (Etheostoma sellare), the only endemic vertebrate in Maryland . The creek is commonly used for recreation in the summer months.
The Deer Creek Bridge, Stewartstown Railroad carries the Stewartstown Railroad over Deer Creek in Hopewell Township and Shrewsbury Township, Pennsylvania.
# Raymond W. Lessard

Raymond William Lessard (December 21, 1930 – January 3, 2016) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the 12th bishop of the Diocese of Savannah in Georgia from 1973 to 1995.

## Biography
### Early life

Raymond Lessard was born on December 21, 1930, in Grafton, North Dakota, US to a largely French-Canadian family. Lessard was raised on a farm and educated at St. Aloysius Academy in Oakwood, North Dakota. He then attended St. Paul Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Lessard was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Martin O’Connor on December 16, 1956, for the Diocese of Fargo. Lessard later worked at the Vatican in Rome, both during and after the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) as an official of the Consistorial Congregation.

### Bishop of Savannah

On March 5, 1973, Lessard was appointed the twelfth Bishop of Savannah by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on April 27, 1973, from Archbishop Thomas Donnellan, with Bishops Justin Driscoll and Francis Gossman serving as co-consecrators. Lessard once served as liaison between Catholic bishops and married Episcopalian clergy seeking Catholic ordination. He once described racism as "the paramount social problem affecting our area". Within the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Lessard chaired the Committee for Pastoral Research and Practices.

### Retirement and legacy

Due to his chronic back problems, Lessard submitted his resignation as bishop of the Diocese of Savannah to Pope John Paul II. The pope accepted it on February 7, 1995. Lessard then became a professor at St. Vincent de Paul Regional Seminary in Boynton Beach, Florida, where he taught ecclesiology.
Raymond Lessard died at his home, on January 3, 2016, at St. Vincent de Paul.

## Sex abuse scandal and cover-up

In October, 2009, the diocese of Savannah paid $4.24 million to settle a lawsuit that alleged Lessard allowed Father Wayland Brown to practice ministry in the diocese when Lessard knew that Brown was a serial child molester.