OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Center for Climate and Life

The Center for Climate and Life is a multidisciplinary climate science research initiative based at Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), a research unit of Columbia University. Center research focuses on how climate change affects access to basic resources such as food, water, shelter and energy. The center's founder and director is Peter B. de Menocal, a paleoclimatologist and Columbia University dean of science in the faculty of arts and sciences.

## History

Columbia University provided the Center for Climate and Life an initial budget $3.1 million for its first five years of operation.
The center is aimed to engage corporate philanthropists to support its research initiatives. Through private funding and partnerships, it aims to build an endowment, which will be used to distribute annual grants to center scientists.
In April 2016, the Center for Climate and Life partnered with the World Surf League (WSL). The philanthropic arm of the organization, WSL PURE, contributed $1.5 million to the center to fund five research projects on the topics of ocean health and ecosystems, ocean acidification, sea-level rise, and the role the oceans play in climate change.

## Areas of emphasis

Center for Climate and Life initiatives focus on five areas:
* Food security
* Water availability
* Shelter
* Sustainable energy solutions
* Ocean health

## Research and education initiatives

Research by Center for Climate and Life scientists is focused on understanding how climate change will affect people and the basic resources and ecosystems that sustain them. Center activities address the widening "climate innovation gap" between the increasing need for knowledge and solutions, and declining federal support for climate and solutions research.
The center works with public and private sector partners to help stakeholders understand how climate-related impacts on essential resources will affect their bottom line and thereby guide rational business and policy decisions.
The center supports Climate and Life Fellows, who lead research projects on topics central to its mission. In 2016, the center administered its first two grants to early career scientists: hydrologist Michael Puma of Columbia University's Center for Climate Systems Research and NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies received a $190,000 grant to study the impact of climate change on global food systems, and bioclimatologist A. Park Williams of LDEO received a grant of $180,000 for his research on historical drought and fire cycles.
Peter de Menocal, the center director, seeks to encourage climate action by talking about climate change in terms of how it will impact human sustainability.
# Marilyn Munster

Marilyn Munster is a fictional character in the CBS sitcom The Munsters, originally played by Beverley Owen and later by Pat Priest. In the original series, she is the daughter of Lily Munster's sister, and is therefore the granddaughter of Grandpa Munster (Count Dracula) and the cousin of Eddie Munster. She was played by Hilary Van Dyke in the 1988 series The Munsters Today.

## Description

Marilyn is Lily's niece, although her surname is Munster. She attends Westbury College in Mockingbird Heights, the city where the Munsters live.
Like the rest of her family, she believes that the Munsters' appearance and lifestyle are normal, although Marilyn is actually the only family member whose appearance does not shock or disturb people outside the family. She is considered attractive by outsiders, but by the aesthetic standards of her family she is distressingly unattractive. Marilyn laments that she keeps scaring away potential boyfriends, not realizing that the young men are frightened away by her family.

## Actresses

In the original series Marilyn was played in the first thirteen episodes by Beverly Owen, who left because she married and moved to New York, and then by Pat Priest starting with the fourteenth episode.
Marilyn was also played by Debbie Watson in the 1966 film Munster, Go Home!, Jo McDonnell in the 1981 film The Munsters' Revenge, Hilary Van Dyke in the 1988-1991 series The Munsters Today, Christine Taylor in the 1995 film Here Come the Munsters, Elaine Hendrix in the 1996 film The Munsters' Scary Little Christmas, and Charity Wakefield in NBC's 2012 pilot Mockingbird Lane.
# Ty Winter

Ty Winter is a state representative from Las Animas County, Colorado. A Republican, Winter represents Colorado House of Representatives District 47, which includes all of Baca, Bent, Crowley, Kiowa, Las Animas, Otero, and Prowers counties and parts of Huerfano and Pueblo counties in southern Colorado. Some of the cities and towns in the district are Pueblo West, Trinidad, Lamar, La Junta, and Rocky Ford.

## Background

Winter lives in Las Animas County and is a fourth-generation cattle rancher. He is also a business owner. From 2019 to 2022, he served as the chairman of his county's Republican party organization.

## Elections
### 2022

In the 2022 Colorado House of Representatives election, Winter defeated his Democratic Party opponent, winning 64.82% of the total votes cast.

### 2024

Winter ran for re-election in 2024. In the Republican primary election held June 25, 2024, he ran unopposed. In the general election held November 5, 2024, Winter defeated his Democratic Party opponent winning 58.64% of the vote.

## Assistant minority leader

Winter was elected assistant minority leader in January 2024 after Rose Pugliese, who previously held the position, was elected minority leader.
# Guatemalan National Natural History Museum

The Guatemalan National Natural History Museum (Spanish: Museo de Historia Natural 'Jorge A. Ibarra') is a national natural history museum in Guatemala City, Guatemala.
It was founded in 1950 and moved to its present facility in 1986. It was renamed in honor of its founder and long-term director, Jorge A. Ibarra.
# Soybean sprout

Soybean sprout is a culinary vegetable grown by sprouting soybeans. It can be grown by placing and watering the sprouted soybeans in the shade until the roots grow long. Soybean sprouts are extensively cultivated and consumed in Asian countries.

## History

It is assumed that soybean sprouts have been eaten since the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Records of kongnamul cultivation are found in an early 13th century medical book, Emergency Folk Medicine Remedies, published in Goryeo. The book states that in 935, during the foundation of Goryeo, a Taebong general, Bae Hyeon-gyeong, offered soybean sprouts to starving soldiers.
Cooking methods of soybean sprout dishes are listed in Farm Management, a Joseon farming and living book. Another Joseon document, Literary Miscellany of Seongho, states that the poor used soybean sprouts to make juk (rice porridge). According to Complete Works of Cheongjanggwan, an essay collection from the Joseon era, soybean sprout was one of the main foods consumed during times of famine.

## Culinary use

* Bean Sprout

### Korea

Soybean sprouts are one of the most common and basic ingredients in Korean cuisine. In Korean, the word kongnamul (콩나물) refers to both the soybean sprouts themselves and the namul (seasoned vegetable dish) made from soybean sprouts. The namul dish, made by stir-frying soybean sprouts with sesame oil and simmering it, is a common dish for jesa (ancestral rite). Another common side dish is kongnamul-muchim, made by seasoning boiled soybean sprouts. Soybean sprouts are also used in bibimbap and varieties of jjim dishes, such as agwi-jjim (braised angler). Sometimes, kongnamul-bap (rice cooked with soybean sprouts) eaten with herbed soy sauce constitutes a rustic meal. Clear soup made with soybean sprouts is called kongnamul-guk, which can also be served cold in summer. Kongnamul-gukbap or kongnamul-haejangguk (soybean sprout hangover soup) is usually served in a ttukbaegi (earthenware pot) with the rice in the bottom and the soup poured over the top. In contemporary South Korea, a spicy pork bulgogi dish made with a large number of soybean sprouts, called kongnamul-bulgogi (or kongbul), is popular among young people.
* Kongnamul-bulgogi before cooking, topped with soybean sprouts
* Red kongnamul-muchim (seasoned soybean sprouts)
* White kongnamul-muchim (seasoned soybean sprouts)
* Bajirak-kongnamul-guk (clam and soybean sprout soup)
* Kongnamul-naengguk (cold soybean sprout soup)
* Kongnamul-gukbap (soybean sprout hangover soup with rice)
* Agwi-jjim made with soybean sprouts

### Nepal

In Nepalese cuisine, kwati, a soup of nine types of sprouted beans, is specially prepared in the festival of Janai Purnima which normally falls in August. Kwati is prepared by frying and mixing onion, garlic, ginger, potatoes, spices and bean sprouts, including soybean sprouts. Much variation exists from house to house. The kwati is normally eaten with rice. Sometimes meat (especially fried goat meat) is added to spice up the kwati.
# Grass Run

Grass Run is a stream in Ritchie County, West Virginia. It is a tributary of the Hughes River.
Grass Run was named for the swamp grass along its course.
# Gobryas (son of Darius I)

Gobryas (Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎽𐎢𐎺; lived in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE) was the son of Darius I of Persia and his wife, Artystone. As a son of Darius I, Gobryas was a half brother of Xerxes I, who would succeed Darius as the Achaemenid King. Gobryas would later lead the Lygians, Mariandynis, and Syrians that were part of Xerxes's army during his invasion of Greece.
# Chittem Parnika Reddy

Chittem Parnika Reddy (born 1993) is an Indian politician from the state of Telangana. She is elected to the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election from Narayanpet Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress. She defeated S. Rajender Reddy of Bharatha Rashtra Samithi by 7951 votes.

## Early life

Parinika hails from Dhanwada mandal in Narayanpet district. Her grandfather Chittem Narsi Reddy, who was elected as MLA from Makthal constituency was killed in an attack by Naxalites on 2005 Independence Day. Her father Venkateshwar Reddy was also killed in the same attack. She is the niece of D.K. Aruna, the BJP aspirant for the MP seat. Her uncle C. Ram Mohan Reddy contested on the BRS ticket from the neighbouring Makthal constituency and lost to the Congress candidate. She completed her MBBS and currently doing her specialisation.

## Career

Dr.Chittem Parnika Reddy is a first-time MLA from Narayanpet Assembly Constituency.
# Baranovich

Baranovich may refer to:
* Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich in Baranavichy
* Yefim Baranovich (1884-1948), Russian and Soviet military officer
* Lazar Baranovich (1620-1693), Ukrainian Orthodox archbishop
# Beit Yashout

Beit Yashout (Arabic: بَيْت يَاشُوط, romanized: Bayt Yāshūṭ) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Jableh District of the Latakia Governorate, and located south of Latakia. Nearby localities include Ayn al-Sharqiyah to the west and Daliyah to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Beit Yashout had a population of 6,115 in the 2004 census. The town is located in the An-Nusayriyah Mountains at an elevation of around 500 m (1,700 ft).
Beit Yashout is one of the villages inhabited by the Alawite Hadadin tribal confederation, to which former first lady Aniseh Makhluf belonged. Specifically, the village was the traditional home of the Haddadin's Bani Ali clan. Beit Yashout is the hometown of Muhammad al-Khuli, a prominent military official in Baathist governments in the 1960s and throughout former president Hafez al-Assad's time in office (1970–2000).
# Blood squirt

Blood squirt (blood spurt, blood spray, blood gush, or blood jet) is a projectile expulsion of blood when an artery is ruptured. Blood pressure causes the blood to bleed out at a rapid, intermittent rate in a spray or jet, coinciding with the pulse, rather than the slower, but steady flow of venous bleeding. Also known as arterial bleeding, arterial spurting, or arterial gushing, the amount of blood loss can be copious, occur very rapidly, and can lead to death by exsanguination.

## Anatomy

In cut carotid arteries with 100 mL of blood through the heart at each beat (at 65 beats a minute), a completely severed artery will spurt blood for about 30 seconds and the blood will not spurt much higher than the human head. If the artery is just nicked, on the other hand, the blood will spurt longer, but will be coming out under pressure and spraying much further.
To prevent hand ischemia, there is a "squirt test" that involves squirting blood from the radial artery, which is used in intraoperative assessment of collateral arm blood flow before radial artery harvest. This is more commonly called "Allen's test" by microvascular surgeons, and is used before harvesting radial artery based free tissue transfers.
In 1933, a murder trial prompted a testimony from Dr. Clement Harrisse Arnold about how far blood could spurt from the neck: 6 in (15 cm) vertically and 18 in (46 cm) laterally.

## Iconography

Chinnamasta, a self-decapitated Hindu goddess, is depicted holding her head with three jets of blood spurting out of her bleeding neck, which are drunk by her severed head and two attendants. Saint Miliau, a Christian martyr killed c. 6th century AD, is sometimes represented holding his severed head, as in the retable of the Passion of the Christ at Lampaul-Guimiliau, where blood gushes from his neck.

## Insects and animals

Some animals deliberately autohaemorrhage or squirt blood (or an analogous bodily fluid) as a defense mechanism. Armored crickets, which are native to Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana, drive away predators by spewing vomit and spurting hemolymph (the mollusk and arthropod equivalent of blood) from under their legs and through slits in their exoskeleton. Katydids do it too, and in Germany the species has acquired the nickname "Blutspritzer", or "blood squirter". The regal horned lizard also uses the blood-spewing tactic, shooting the substance from a pocket near its eyes.
One of the oriental rat flea mouth's two functions is to squirt partly digested blood into a bite.
# Aeroflot Flight 6502

Aeroflot Flight 6502 was a Soviet domestic passenger flight operated by a Tupolev Tu-134A from Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) to Grozny via Kuibyshev (now Samara), which crashed in Kuibyshev on 20 October 1986. Seventy of the 94 passengers and crew on board were killed when the plane overran the runway, after the pilot made a bet that he could make an instrument-only approach with curtained cockpit windows. Investigators determined the cause of the accident was pilot negligence.

## Background

The crew of the Tu-134A aircraft, serial number 62327 manufactured on 28 June 1979, consisted of pilot in command Alexander Kliuyev, co-pilot Gennady Zhirnov, navigating officer Ivan Mokhonko, flight engineer Kyuri Khamzatov, and three flight attendants. Having departed from Koltsovo Airport in Yekaterinburg (then Sverdlovsk) and bound for Grozny, Flight 6502 had one stopover at Kurumoch Airport in Samara (then Kuibyshev).

## Crash

While approaching Kurumoch Airport, Captain Kliuyev made a bet with First Officer Zhirnov that he could make an instrument-only approach with curtained cockpit windows, thus having no visual contact with the ground, instead of an NDB approach, suggested by the air traffic control. Kliuyev further ignored the ground-proximity warning at an altitude of 62–65 metres (203–213 ft) and did not make the suggested go-around. The aircraft touched down on the runway at a speed of 150 knots (280 km/h; 170 mph) and came to rest upside down after overrunning the runway. Sixty-three people died during the accident and seven more in hospitals later. Among the passengers were 14 children, all of whom survived the accident. The top-secret report of the chairman of Kuibyshev oblispolkom V. A. Pogodin to Premier Nikolai Ryzhkov gave slightly different figures: Of 85 passengers and eight crew members aboard, 53 passengers and five crew members died in the crash and 11 more in hospitals later.
Though Zhirnov made no attempt to avert the crash, he subsequently tried to save the passengers and died of cardiac arrest while on the way to the hospital. Kliuyev was prosecuted and sentenced to 15 years in prison, later reduced to six years served.
# George Treysman

George Nelson Treysman (1881 – New York City, February 1959) was an American chess Master.

## Biography

George Nelson Treysman was primarily a coffee-house chess hustler who made his living by betting on games, usually offering material odds to his amateur chess opponents. His main base was the Stuyvesant Chess Club, located on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. Denker called Treysman the best odds-giver at chess in the United States.
He played very little formal tournament chess in his life, except for a brief period in the mid-1930s, when he was already 55 years old. He qualified for the 1936 United States Chess Championship finals in New York City, and scored 10.5/15, for a tied 3rd–4th place, only one point out of first; the winner was Samuel Reshevsky In this tournament, Treysman defeated established stars such as Isaac Kashdan, Arthur Dake, Alexander Kevitz, Herman Steiner, and Arnold Denker.
Treysman qualified for the finals at the 1937 U.S. Open Chess Championship / Western Open in Chicago, where he placed tied 3rd-4th with 6/10; the winner was David Polland. Then in 1938, Treysman again played in the U.S. Championship at New York, where he scored 7/16 for a tied 10–11th place, as Reshevsky won again.
Treysman's chess style and escapades were also described in the book The World of Chess, by Anthony Saidy and Norman Lessing, published by Random House, New York 1974. Lessing, himself a Master who faced Treysman many times and knew him well, credits him as a formidable player, and a great character.
When the inaugural rating list for the United States Chess Federation was published in 1950, Treysman was rated 2521, which was higher than young star Larry Evans (2484). Treysman suffered with throat cancer for the last portion of his life, and died of this disease in 1959.
# Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR

The Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR (DFV), English: German Football Association of the GDR was from 1958 the football association of the (East) German Democratic Republic, fielding the East Germany national football team until 1990 before rejoining its counterpart, the German Football Association (DFB), which had been founded in 1900.
The DFV was dissolved on 20 November 1990 in Leipzig and in its place the North East German Football Association was formed and joined the German Football Association on the same day and at the same location, a few weeks after East Germany itself had ceased to exist with the German reunification on 3 October 1990.

## Presidents and General secretaries
### Presidents

| No. | Name | Period |
| 1 | Fritz Gödicke | 1952–1953 |
| 2 | Heinz Schöbel | 1953–1958 |
| 3 | > Kurt Stoph | 1958–1961 |
| 4 | Helmut Riedel | 1961–1976 |
| 5 | Günter Schneider | 1976–1983 |
| 6 | Günter Erbach | 1983–1990 |
| 7 | Hans-Georg Moldenhauer | 1990 |

### General Secretaries

| No. | Name | Period |
| 1 | Erich Jahnsmüller | 1952–1957 |
| 2 | > Josef Kamm | 1957–1961 |
| 3 | Kurt Michalski | 1961–1968 |
| 4 | Günter Schneider | 1968–1973 |
| 5 | Werner Lempert | 1974–1983 |
| 6 | Karl Zimmermann | 1983–1987 |
| 7 | Wolfgang Spitzner | 1988–1990 |
| 8 | Klaus Petersdorf | 1990 |
# Ciconia louisebolesae

Ciconia louisebolesae is an extinct species of stork from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene of Australia. It was described by Walter Boles from fossil material found at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, in the Boodjamulla National Park of north-western Queensland.

## History and naming

Remains of a stork from Oligo-Miocene deposits at Riversleigh were first reported in 1991, and later briefly mentioned in 1997. The material was subsequently described in 2005, emerging from an examination by Walter Boles on Australian fossil storks. The author assigned the material to a new species of Ciconia. The holotype specimen (QM F30290) is a fragment of the right humerus collected from the Bitesantennary Site. In addition, a partial skull, hindlimbs and a vertebra from other sites were also referred to the species.
The specific epithet refers to Louise Boles, the describer's mother, to whom the description is dedicated.

## Description

The eye sockets of C. louisebolesae are broad and round in appearance. Its cervical vertebrae are similar in size and appearance to those of modern storks. The ventral condyle on the humerus is proportionally smaller than that of other storks. The ventral epicondyle is located more towards the distal end of the humerus. Extensive and deeply excavated muscle scars are present below the ventral epicondyle. In rear view, the posterodorsal corner of the humerus is rounded. Similar to the Maguari stork, the crest supporting the attachment of the bicep muscle (crista bicipitalis) is exceptionally large. The tibiotarsus of C. louisebolesae most closely resembles that of small species of Ciconia in terms of its size and narrowness of the incisura tibialis. It was a fairly large stork, being within the size range of the modern black stork and white stork.

## Paleobiology

C. louisebolesae is known from both Late Oligocene and Early Miocene sites at the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, making it the oldest record of storks in Australia. Riversleigh, during the late Oligocene, was covered in temperate woodlands, with shallow wetlands also being present. These habitats would later be replaced by rainforests and forest pools in the early Miocene. A number of other birds were found in the same deposits as C. louisebolesae, including passerines, rails, dromornithids (like Barawertornis) and the casuariid Emuarius.

### Taphonomy

The holotype specimen of C. louisebolesae was retrieved from the Bitesanntennary Site, which represents a cave-fill deposit. These range from its carcass being washed into the cave from outside to falling in after the roof of the cave collapsed in on itself.
# Andrey Lobanov-Rostovsky

Andrey Anatolyevich Lobanov-Rostovsky (Russian: Лобанов-Ростовский, Андрей Анатольевич) (May 5, 1892 – February 17, 1979) was officer of the Russian Imperial Army, took part in World War I During the Russian Civil War he was part of the anti-Bolshevik White movement.
In 1920 he went into emigration, studied at the Institut des Sciences Politiques of the University of Paris. In 1930 he came to the United States and eventually became professor of history of the University of Michigan.
# DJ Megatron

Corey McGriff (August 11, 1978 – March 27, 2011), better known as DJ Megatron, was a DJ, record producer, rapper, radio and television personality.

## Career

McGriff broadcast hip hop, R&B and urban music through various radio stations in a number of cities in the United States including initially as an intern at New York's WRKS-FM (also known as Kiss FM) as an on-air sidekick of popular personality Fatman Scoop, then for two years at Boston's WBOT-FM (Hot 97.7) and for two-and-one-half years at Philadelphia's WPHI-FM (The Beat).
He was also part of the Black Entertainment Television (BET) television station's "106 & Park" countdown show with his popular segment entitled "What's Good". He was also the host of BET's "On Blast" Internet show.
McGriff was a promoter of local artists from Staten Island. He also appeared in a number of films, including most notably, State Property 2, Blood of a Champion and Killa Season.

## Personal life

McGriff was engaged to fiancée Shyleen and he had three children.

## Death

On March 27, 2011, McGriff was shot to the chest. Two New York City men, William Williams, 21, and Richard Cromwell, 20, were arrested on April 6, 2011 on charges of murder, robbery and criminal weapon possession in relation to his death. On Tuesday, January 8, 2013 William Williams plead guilty to first-degree manslaughter. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison.