OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Whin Rigg

Whin Rigg is a fell in the English Lake District, situated in the western segment of the national park, 22 kilometres (14 miles) south east of the town of Whitehaven. It reaches only a modest altitude of 535 m (1,755 ft) but is part of one of the Lake District’s most dramatic landscapes in that the rugged and impressive Wastwater Screes (also known as "The Screes") fall from the fells summit to Wast Water over 450 m (1,500 ft) below. The fell's name means “gorse covered ridge” and originates from the Old Norse words “Hvin” meaning gorse and “Hryggr” meaning Ridge.

## Topography and Geology

Whin Rigg is linked to the adjoining fell of Illgill Head, just 1.5 kilometres (1 mile) away at the northern end of The Screes by a path that gives precipitous views down to Wast Water.
The Screes are a Site of Special Scientific Interest and are regarded as a classic geological locality and one of the best and most famous examples of screes in Britain. The escarpment and screes are made up of hard wearing Borrowdale Volcanics rock, however there are areas of less resistant rock which have been eroded and this has led to deep gullies in the cliff face. The cliffs around the summit of Whin Rigg take the form of vertical rock buttresses which are split by the huge Great Gully and C Gully which give precipitous views of Wast Water. The gullies are spectacular but are a no go area for walkers, Great Gully has seventeen near vertical pitches and the remains of an aeroplane within it.
Apart from The Screes, Whin Rigg has another fine geological feature in Greathall Gill. This is a granite ravine which rises up the fell from where the River Irt flows out of Wast Water to the 400 metres (1,300 ft) mark on the fell to the south west of the summit. The lower section of the ravine in steep sided and wooded and support a range of mosses, ferns and herbs including Common wood sorrel, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium (opposite leaved golden saxifrage) and great wood rush.

## Ascents

The path on the eastern side of Greathall Gill has developed into a popular way up the fell from Nether Wasdale and has become eroded in recent years, it is being monitored so any worsening of the situation can be reversed.
Whin Rigg can be climbed either from Nether Wasdale in Wasdale or Eskdale Green in Eskdale using the bridleway which links the two places to attain the western ridge of the fell, there are then 230 metres (750 ft) of ascent up the ridge to reach the summit. Walkers starting from the Wasdale side can also use the footpath by Greathall Gill as already mentioned.

## Summit

The highlight of the summit panorama is the view down to Wast Water, and there are good views of the coastal plain and the Isle of Man.
* Panorama
* View from Yewbarrow
* Wastwater and Whin Rigg illuminated by the setting sun
* A vertigo-inducing view of Wastwater down Great Gully from the summit of Whin Rigg.
# Kensington Racecourse, Sydney

Kensington racecourse is a now-closed pony racecourse on the current site of the University of New South Wales in the suburb of Kensington, Sydney, Australia. The course was in operation between 1893 and 1942, and during the Boer War and World Wars I and II it was taken over as a military camp. Many of the first Anzacs trained at Kensington Racecourse in 1914 before leaving for Egypt and Gallipoli. An extensive account of the training in late 1914 appears in the diary of Archie Barwick.
A migrant hostel was located on the site in the late 1940s. Construction of the University began in 1951.
The Old Tote building of the racecourse survived and in the 1960s and 1970s was the home of the Old Tote Theatre Company. It is now the Figtree Theatre in the grounds of UNSW.

## 1902 racebook

* 1902 Kensington Race Club racebook front cover
* 1902 Kensington Race Club raceday officials
* 1902 Kensington Race Club transport arrangements
* 1902 Kensington Race Club rules of racing
* 1902 Kensington Handicap showing the winner, Trinket
* 1902 Kensington Handicap starters and results
* Back cover showing admission charges
# Henry Wilding

Henry Wilding (20 August 1844, Stepney, London –1916) was a New Zealand banker, timber miller, farmer, broker and social reformer. He was born in London, England in 1844.
# Aik Thi Laila

Aik Thi Laila is a Pakistani television series directed by Yasir Hussain, and written by Faiza Iftikhar. It stars Iqra Aziz, Yasir Hussain, Faysal Quraishi, Hassan Ahmed and Maham Amir with Sheheryar Munawar in a cameo appearance. It aired from 8 December 2022 to 12 January 2023, on Express Entertainment.
At 22nd Lux Style Awards, it received four nominations.

## Cast

* Iqra Aziz as Laila
* Yasir Hussain as Inspector Sajid
* Faysal Quraishi as Azeem Ullah
* Inaya Khan as Saba Azeem Ullah
* Gul e Rana as Nuzhat Keenchi
* Nayyar Ejaz as Hafeez
* Hassan Ahmed as Fareed
* Maham Amir as Inspector Rukaiyya
* Saad Farrukh Khan as Majnu
* Usama Bin Ateeq as Kashif
* Fareeha Jabeen as Kashif's mother
* Sheheryar Munawar as Qais (cameo)
* Asif Latta

## Production
### Background and development

On 11 August 2022, it reported that Aziz will feature in Hussain's directorial Aik Thi Laila, which is written by screenwriter Faiza Iftikhar. The other cast members were also revealed along with the genre of the series, which will be murder-mystery. Express Tribune reported that the series will revolve around a disappearance case, much like Dua Zehra case. The series marked Aziz's comeback to television after 2 years. In conservation with Daily Pakistan, she further reveled that series will have only 5 episodes.

## Music

Salman Khan foray into composing drama scores underscores his versatile talent in the realm of entertainment. Known primarily as a charismatic actor and producer, Khan has also ventured into the intricacies of music composition, particularly in shaping the emotional landscapes of dramatic narratives. His approach to drama scores blends a keen understanding of storytelling with evocative musical arrangements, aiming to amplify the intensity and depth of cinematic moments. Through his involvement in crafting scores, Salman Khan not only enriches the auditory experience of films but also solidifies his role as a creative force behind the scenes, resonating with audiences on a profound level.

### Promotion and release

The poster of the series featuring the cast members was unveiled by the network on 12 November. The first teaser of the series was released on 15 November 2022.

## Accolades

| Date of Ceremony | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
| October 6, 2023 | Lux Style Awards | Best Television Director | Yasir Hussain | Nominated |
| October 6, 2023 | Lux Style Awards | Best Television Writer | Faiza Iftikhar | Nominated |
| October 6, 2023 | Lux Style Awards | Best Television Actor - Critics' choice | Yasir Hussain | Nominated |
| October 6, 2023 | Lux Style Awards | Best Television Actress - Critics' choice | Iqra Aziz | Nominated |
# Mike Dodd (soccer)

Mike Dodd (born April 24, 1971) is a Canadian former soccer player.

## Career

Dodd began playing at the college level in 1989 with Capilano College. In 1991, he was drafted by the Vancouver 86ers of the Canadian Soccer League (CSL), but was loaned to the Winnipeg Fury. In 1992, he signed a contract with Winnipeg and secured the Mita Cup. After the demise of the CSL the Fury joined the Canadian National Soccer League, and he re-signed with Winnipeg. During the 1993 season he was temporarily loaned to the Vancouver 86ers of the American Professional Soccer League.
In 1994, he permanently signed with Vancouver, and played with them until the 1998 USISL A-League season. In 1998, he was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum as a member of the 1992 Winnipeg Fury team.

## International career

He made his debut for the Canada men's national under-23 soccer team on May 5, 1991, against Trinidad and Tobago in an Olympic qualifier match.

## Honours

* Canadian Soccer League: 1
       1992
# Ministry of Energy and Mining (Algeria)

The Ministry of Energy and Mining (Arabic: وزارة الطاقة و المناجم, French: Ministère de l'Énergie et des Mines "Ministry of Energy and Mines") is a ministry of the government of Algeria. The head office is in Tour A in Algiers. As of 2021 Mohamed Arkab is the minister.

## History

The development of Algeria's energy sector post-independence has been marked by several regulatory and organizational changes designed to manage and exploit its energy resources effectively:
* 1962: Shortly after gaining independence, Algeria established the Energy and Fuels Directorate and the Algerian Petroleum Bureau to oversee the nation's energy sector.
* 1963: The creation of the Ministry of Industrialization and Energy, along with the national oil company Sonatrach, indicated an early focus on energy and mining as critical sectors.
* 1967-1969: The establishment of SONAREM and Sonelgaz highlighted further steps towards structuring the energy sector more robustly.
* 1971 and 1977: A series of reorganizations placed the energy sector under different ministries, reflecting the sector's increasing significance to the national economy.
* 1984-1991: The period saw the creation of distinct ministries for Mines and Industry and for Energy, signifying a more specialized approach to sector management.
* 1995: The government established a Ministry of Energy and Mines, consolidating the management of these key sectors under a single administrative body.
* 2007-2015: The Ministry of Energy and Mines was re-established and later streamlined into the Ministry of Energy, with several updates in its organizational structure to meet changing industry demands.

## List of ministers

| Name | Start | End | Duration |
| Sid Ahmed Ghozali | 23-Apr-77 | 8-Mar-79 | 1 year, 10 months, 13 days |
| Belkacem Nabi | 8-Mar-79 | 10-Jun-05 | 9 years |
| Sadek Boussena | 10-Jun-05 | 1989 | 1 year |
| Nordine Aït Laoussine | 1991 | 1992 | 1 year |
| Hacène Mefti | 1992 | 21-Aug-93 | 1 year |
| Ahmed Benbitour | 21-Aug-93 | 11-Apr-94 | 7 months, 21 days |
| Amar Makhloufi | 11-Apr-94 | 24-Jun-97 | 3 years, 2 months, 13 days |
| Youcef Yousfi | 24-Jun-97 | 23-Dec-99 | 2 years, 5 months, 29 days |
| Chakib Khelil | 23-Dec-99 | 28-May-10 | 10 years, 5 months, 5 days |
| Youcef Yousfi | 28-May-10 | 14-May-15 | 4 years, 11 months, 16 days |
| Salah Khebri | 14-May-15 | 11-Jun-16 | 1 year, 28 days |
| Noureddine Boutarfa | 11-Jun-16 | 25-May-17 | 11 months, 14 days |
| Mustapha Guitouni | 25-May-17 | 1-Apr-19 | 1 year, 10 months, 7 days |
| Mohamed Arkab | 1-Apr-19 | 24-Jun-20 | 1 year, 2 months, 23 days |
| Abdelmadjid Attar | 24-Jun-20 | 22-Feb-21 | 7 months, 29 days |
| Mohamed Arkab | 22-Feb-21 | Ongoing | |
# Group analysis

Group analysis (or group analytic psychotherapy) is a method of group psychotherapy originated by S. H. Foulkes in the 1940s. Group psychotherapy was pioneered by S. H. Foulkes with his psychoanalytic patients and later with soldiers in the Northfield experiments at Hollymoor Hospital. Group analysis combines psychoanalytic insights with an understanding of social and interpersonal functioning. There is an interest, in group analysis, on the relationship between the individual group member and the rest of the group resulting in a strengthening of both, and a better integration of the individual with his or her community, family and social network.
Deriving from psychoanalysis, Group Analysis also draws on a range of other psychotherapeutic traditions and approaches: systems theory psychotherapies, developmental psychology and social psychology. Group analysis also has applications in organisational consultancy, and in teaching and training. Group analysts work in a wide range of contexts with a wide range of difficulties and problems.

## Method

Group analysis is based on the view that deep lasting change can occur within a carefully formed group whose combined membership reflects the wider norms of society. Group analysis is a way of understanding group processes in small, median or, large groups. It is concerned with the relationship between a person and the network of activity in the many groups of which he or she might belong. Through these group processes we can explore what bearing the public and private aspects of a person’s life have on one another, and the dialectic between group and personal development. Group members are supported, through shared experience and joint exploration within the group, in coming to a healthier understanding of their situation. Problems are seen at the level of group, organisation or institutional system; not solely in the individual sufferer, as they do in prevailing medical models. Problems within are recast as obstacles without. The way in which the group functions is central to this. Democracy and co-operation are the pillars through which group-mediated solutions to problems can flow in ways that are enduring. It is based on the principles developed by S.H. Foulkes in the 1940s and is rooted in psychoanalysis and the social sciences.
Group analysis is the dominant psychodynamic approach outside the United States and Canada. It is an approach that views the group as an organic entity and insists that the therapist take a less intrusive role, so as to become the group's conductor (as in music) rather than its director. The group is seen as not merely a dynamic entity of its own, but functions within a sociocultural context that influences its processes. In group analytic technique, the therapist weans the members from excessive and inappropriate dependency towards becoming their own therapists – both to themselves and to the other group members.
The Group Analytic Society and the Institute of Group Analysis were organisations established by Foulkes and others to promote Group Analysis and to train practitioners.
# High Commission of Pakistan, London

The High Commission of Pakistan in London is the diplomatic mission of Pakistan in the United Kingdom.
In September 2015, DAWN reported Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif constituted a four-member committee to explore the possibility of selling the High Commission building.
# Otto Lasch

Otto Lasch (25 June 1893 in Pleß, Oberschlesien – 29 April 1971) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the LXIV Corps. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

## Career

After World War I, Lasch served in the Freikorps in the East Prussian city of Lyck. He joined the Wehrmacht in 1935 and later took part in Operation Barbarossa, playing a pivotal role in capturing Riga in June 1941. He rose to the rank of General of the Infantry and functioned as Commandant of Königsberg in East Prussia from November 1944 onward. As Fortress Commandant of Königsberg he was responsible for defending the city and maintaining order among the flood of refugees fleeing from the advancing Red Army.
Following heavy fighting and a three month siege of the city during the Battle of Königsberg by the 36-division-strong 3rd Byelorussian Front under Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Lasch disobeyed Hitler's orders and surrendered Königsberg to the Red Army on 9 April 1945. As a result of his surrender Hitler sentenced him in absentia to death by hanging, and his family, in Denmark and Berlin at the time, was arrested. Lasch went into Soviet captivity and was convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union and sentenced to twenty-five years in a corrective labor camp. He was released in 1955. Lasch died in Bonn in 1971.
Lasch authored So fiel Königsberg. Kampf und Untergang von Ostpreußens Hauptstadt, which was published in 1958. In 1965 he wrote Zuckerbrot und Peitsche about his years as a Soviet prisoner of war.

## Awards and decorations

* Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (5 October 1914) & 1st Class (2 July 1916)
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (13 September 1939) & 1st Class (20 October 1939)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 17 July 1941 as Oberst and commander of Infanterie-Regiment 43
** Oak Leaves on 10 September 1944 Generalleutnant and commander of 349. Infanterie-Division
# Bep du Mée

Elisabeth "Bep" du Mée (30 May 1914 – 23 December 2002) was a Dutch track and field sprinter. In 1932, she was part of the 4 × 100 m relay team that set a national record and barely made it to the 1932 Summer Olympics as due to the Depression the Dutch government refused to send the team to Los Angeles, and the tickets were bought thanks to local fundraising. du Mee's team finished in fourth place in 1932, clocking the same time (47.6 s) as the bronze medalists.
Two years later, du Mée earned a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1934 Women's World Games.
# John Shaw Jr.

John Shaw Jr. (1803–1870) was an English architect of the 19th century who was complimented as a designer in the "Manner of Wren". He designed buildings in the classical Jacobean fashion and designed some of London's first semi-detached homes in the area close to Chalk Farm. Shaw retired in the early 1860s and moved to Kensington where he died in 1870. He is buried with the Shaw and Hardwick families at Kensal Green Cemetery.

## Family

John Shaw Jr. was born in Holborn, London. His father, John Shaw Sr. (1776–1832), was architect to the Port of Ramsgate and Christ's Hospital school in London. Father and son did extensive work at both places while Shaw Senior trained his son; John Shaw Junior designed the lighthouse at Ramsgate.
Shaw's sister married the architect Philip Hardwick; their son Philip Charles Hardwick was also an architect. The two families lived close together in Holborn and Westminster.

## Career

Following his father's death in 1832, Shaw took on the surveyor role at Christ's Hospital, keeping an office there. He also took over work on the church of St Dunstan-in-the-West on Fleet Street in London. It was completed between 1833 and 1834. A building next-door to the church, at 187 Fleet Street, built for the Law Life Assurance Society in 1834 is a typical example of Shaw's Jacobean style. He was the designer of the Royal Naval School at New Cross (now part of Goldsmiths College).
Shaw was appointed architect to Eton College, Berkshire where he contributed the Tudor Gothic buildings. In the same year as working for Eton (1825) Shaw developed the Chalcots estate, Chalk Farm, building semi-detached villas.
Shaw was looked upon favorably by Prince Albert as an architect who could offer something different from the usual Victorian era Gothic revival architecture. The Prince helped secure work for Shaw, including the Royal Naval School in London and Wellington College in Berkshire.
From 1844 to 1855 Shaw was one of the official referees of metropolitan buildings.
# Bugatti 18/3 Chiron

The Bugatti 18/3 Chiron is a 1999 concept car developed by French automobile manufacturer Bugatti Automobiles and designed by Fabrizio Giugiaro of Italdesign. Powered by a 6.3 L W18 engine, it is a 2-seater mid-engine coupé. The 18/3 Chiron was the last in a trio of Bugatti concept cars by Italdesign, after the 1998 EB 118 coupé and the 1999 EB 218 saloon.
The Chiron name was used again on the 2016 successor to the Bugatti Veyron.

## Name origin

The 18/3 Chiron is named after Bugatti race driver Louis Chiron, while the "18/3" prefix stands for the engine's 18 cylinders distributed into three banks of six cylinders each.

## Description

The Bugatti 18/3 Chiron premiered at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 1999.

### Design

The design of the Chiron was entrusted to Fabrizio Giugiaro of Italdesign with input from Hartmut Warkuß from the Volkswagen design centre in Wolfsburg. Airflow management and aerodynamics were key considerations in the exterior design. Below the traditional horseshoe radiator grille, a large opening provides enough air to the radiators of the 6.3-litre engine; much of this air is extracted though vents located forward of the front wheel openings. A similar system is used on the side of the car to cool the rear brakes. At the rear a diffuser was integrated in the rear bumper. A retractable rear wing deploys at high speeds, much like on the EB 110. The 20-inch eight-spoke wheels resemble the cast aluminium wheels first found on Louis Chiron's Type 35B. The body work was made from carbon fibre. Lighting on both ends of the car was cutting edge at its time, including triple Xenon headlights and elongated turn signals at the rear which also served as the taillights of the car, two double exhaust pipes were visible through a large air extractor at the rear which also served as the underbody spoiler. Inside, the cabin is upholstered in Blu Pacifico and Sabbia leather with aluminium accents. A removable watch is also present on the passenger's side.
Important design elements such as the classic horseshoe grille, inset front lights, converging front hood and an exposed intake plenum would eventually be integrated into the production Veyron EB 16.4.

### Engine and chassis

In order to construct a fully working prototype, Bugatti sourced the chassis and four-wheel drive system from the Lamborghini Diablo VT. The 18/3 Chiron uses the same Volkswagen-designed W18 engine that first debuted on the 1998 EB 118 and the 1999 EB 218 concept cars. As on the other two cars, the Chiron's W18 has a power output of 563 PS (414 kW; 555 hp) and 649 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) of torque. The 18/3 Chiron's W18 engine is composed of three banks of six cylinders with a sixty-degree offset between each cylinder bank. In contrast, the W16 engine in the 2005 Veyron EB 16.4 features a four-bank configuration of four cylinders each, totalling sixteen cylinders.
# Bogen (surname)

Bogen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Bogen (1882–1961), Austrian fencer
* Alexander Bogen (1916–2010), Polish-Israeli artist
* Bjarne Bogen (born 1951), Norwegian immunologist
* Boris D. Bogen (1869–1929), Russian-American educator and social worker
* Debra Bogen, American pediatrician and public health official
* James Bogen, American science philosopher
* Joel Bogen, English guitarist
* Joseph Bogen, American neurophysiologist
* Nancy Bogen, American scholar, author, and artist
* Øystein Bogen (born 1969), Norgwegian journalist and documentary filmmaker
* Paul Logasa Bogen, United States Army officer

## Bogen as beginning in compound surnames

* Ariela Bogenberger (born 1962) German screenwriter and producer
* Alfred Bogenhard (1876-1942) German politician and art collector
* Mattie Bogenrief (1912-1971) American politician
# Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1988

The Netherlands was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1988 with the song "Shangri-La", written by Peter de Wijn, and performed by Gerard Joling. The Dutch participating broadcaster, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), selected its entry through a national final, after having previously selected the performer internally.

## Before Eurovision
### Nationaal Songfestival '88

Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS) held the national final on 23 March 1988 at 20:10 CEST in the Congresgebouw in The Hague, hosted by Astrid Joosten. The national final was broadcast on Nederland 2. All songs were performed by Gerard Joling, who was internally selected by the broadcaster to sing for the Netherlands, with the winning song being chosen by a 55-member jury who gave each song a mark out of 6.
Final – 23 March 1988 :
| Draw | Song | Points | Place |
| 1 | "Heel verliefd" | 222 | 2 |
| 2 | "Shangri-La" | 283 | 1 |
| 3 | "Happy End in Hollywood" | 213 | 4 |
| 4 | "December in April" | 165 | 5 |
| 5 | "Doolang doolang" | 156 | 6 |
| 6 | "Mijn droom" | 219 | 3 |

## At Eurovision

The contest was broadcast on Nederland 3 (with commentary by Willem van Beusekom). Joling performed 7th on the night of the contest, following Spain and preceding Israel. His song received 70 points, placing 9th of 22 competing countries.
The Dutch conductor at the contest was Harry van Hoof.
Among the members of the Dutch jury were Hans van den Berg and Bert Tuk.
# Irish Creek (Kansas)

Irish Creek (also known as Irish Branch) is a stream in Bourbon and Linn counties, in the U.S. state of Kansas.
A large share of the first settlers being of Irish ancestry caused the name to be selected.