OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trendelenburg's sign

Trendelenburg's sign is found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip, namely gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. It is named after the German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg. It is often incorrectly referenced as the Trendelenburg test which is a test for vascular insufficiency in the lower extremities.

## Signs and symptoms

The Trendelenburg sign is said to be positive if, when standing on one leg (the 'stance leg'), the pelvis severely drops on the side opposite to the stance leg (the 'swing limb'). The muscle weakness is present on the side of the stance leg. If the patient compensates for this weakness by tilting their trunk/thorax to the affected side, then the pelvis will be raised, rather than dropped, on the side opposite to the stance leg. Ergo, in the same situation, the patient's hip may be dropped or raised, dependent upon whether the patient is actively compensating or not. Compensation shifts the center of gravity to the affected side, and also decreases the angle between the hip adductor muscles and femur, both of which decrease the forces needing to be applied by the hip adductor muscles to maintain relevant posture.
The gluteus medius is very important during the stance phase of the gait cycle to maintain both hips at the same level. One leg stance accounts for about 60% of the gait cycle, and during the stance phase, there is approximately three times the body weight transmitted to the hip joint. The hip abductors' action accounts for two thirds of that body weight. A Trendelenburg sign can occur when there is presence of a muscular dysfunction (weakness of the gluteus medius or minimus) or when someone is experiencing pain.

## Causes

A positive Trendelenburg's sign is caused by weakness or ineffective action of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, the gluteus medius muscle and the gluteus minimus muscle.
* Damage to the motor nerve supply of the lateral gluteal muscles (gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle)
** Polio involving L5 (foot drop may also be seen because L5 innervates the tibialis anterior muscle).
** Damage to the superior gluteal nerve.
* Temporary or permanent weakness of the lateral glutei
** Tendinitis.
** Penetrating injury.
** Infection, abscess – blood borne, post-traumatic or post-surgical.
* Ineffective action (insufficient leverage) of the lateral glutei
** Greater trochanteric avulsion.
** Fracture, (or non-union) of the femoral neck.
** Coxa Vara (the angle between the femoral neck head and shaft is less than 120 degrees).
* Damage to the hip joint (fulcrum) - Chronic or Developmental Hip Dislocation/Dysplasia
** Osteonecrosis.
** Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
** Developmental dysplasia.
** Chronic infection.
** Uncorrected traumatic dislocation.
# Durham Radio

Durham Radio, Inc. is an Oshawa, Ontario-based radio broadcaster. The company owns six radio stations and their associated repeaters, which are primarily located in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario.
In 2021, Durham Radio received CRTC approval to acquire Vancouver's CIRH-FM, marking its first station outside of Ontario.
On February 8, 2024, as part of its divestment of 45 radio stations, Bell Media Radio announced the sale of three stations to Durham Radio: CKLY-FM in Lindsay, Ontario and CKPT-FM and CKQM-FM, in Peterborough, Ontario. The sale was approved by the CRTC on January 30, 2025.

## Stations

* Ajax - CJKX-FM
* Grimsby - CKLK-FM
* Hamilton - CHKX-FM - CHTG-FM
* Lindsay - CKLY-FM
* Oshawa - CKDO/CKDO-1-FM - CKGE-FM
* Peterborough - CKPT-FM - CKQM-FM
* Sunderland - CJKX-FM-1
* Toronto - CJKX-FM-2
* Vancouver - CIWV-FM
# Deby LaPlante

Deborah C. "Deby" LaPlante (née Lansky, in second marriage Smith; born April 3, 1953) is an American retired female track and field athlete. She competed in the hurdles event. She twice won a medal at the Pan American Games during her career. LaPlante set her personal best in the women's 100m hurdles event on June 16, 1979, clocking 12.86 in Walnut, California.
Deby was voted to the San Diego State Univ Hall of Fame. Deby LaPlant Sweezey later competed in Masters Track and Field winning the 1995 World Masters Championship (W40) in the hurdles. 1993 Deby held the Masters W40 World Record in the 80 meter hurdles.
# 1996 National Society of Film Critics Awards

31st NSFC Awards
Best Film:
Breaking the Waves
The 31st National Society of Film Critics Awards, given by the National Society of Film Critics on January 5, 1997, honored the best in film for 1996.

## Winners
### Best Picture

1. Breaking the Waves 2. Secrets & Lies 3. Dead Man

### Best Director

1. Lars von Trier – Breaking the Waves 2. Mike Leigh – Secrets & Lies 3. Jim Jarmusch – Dead Man

### Best Actor

1. Eddie Murphy – The Nutty Professor 2. Vincent D'Onofrio – The Whole Wide World 3. Geoffrey Rush – Shine

### Best Actress

1. Emily Watson – Breaking the Waves 2. Brenda Blethyn – Secrets & Lies 3. Frances McDormand – Fargo 3. Lili Taylor – I Shot Andy Warhol

### Best Supporting Actor

1. Martin Donovan – The Portrait of a Lady 1. Tony Shalhoub – Big Night 3. Edward Norton – Everyone Says I Love You, The People vs. Larry Flynt and Primal Fear

### Best Supporting Actress

1. Barbara Hershey – The Portrait of a Lady 2. Renée Zellweger – Jerry Maguire 3. Kristin Scott Thomas – The English Patient

### Best Screenplay

1. Albert Brooks and Monica Johnson – Mother 2. Joseph Tropiano and Stanley Tucci – Big Night 3. David O. Russell – Flirting with Disaster

### Best Cinematography

1. Robby Müller – Breaking the Waves and Dead Man 2. Chris Menges – Michael Collins 3. John Seale – The English Patient

### Best Foreign Language Film

1. La Cérémonie 2. Lamerica 3. Chungking Express (Chung Hing sam lam)

### Best Documentary

1. When We Were Kings 2. Anne Frank Remembered 3. Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin Hood Hills

### Special Citation

* James Katz and Robert A. Harris for their restoration of Alfred Hitchcock's classic film Vertigo.
# Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay

The Supreme Court of Justice of Paraguay (Spanish: Corte Suprema de Justicia del Paraguay) is the highest court of Paraguay. The Senate and the President of Paraguay select its nine ministers (judges) on the basis of recommendations from a constitutionally created Consejo de la Magistratura (Council of Magistrates). The court meets at the Palace of Justice in Asuncion. The court consists of three chambers: Constitutional, Civil and Commercial and Criminal and each chamber has three ministers. The present President (Chief Justice) of the Supreme Court is César Diesel.

## Notable cases

* Mickey SRL. v. The Walt Disney Company
# Giuseppe Perego

Giuseppe Perego (1 June 1915 – 7 December 1996) was an Italian comic artist, active between the early 1930s and the early 1980s. He is known for his work in Disney comics.

## Life and career

Born in Arcore, Perego started his career at very young age at Million Film, where he collaborated as animator with the brothers Carlo and Vittorio Cossio. His early works as cartoonist were several strips published in Corriere dei Piccoli and in Modellina (the comic supplement of the newspaper Il Mattino), and some stories of the series Scimmiottino.
After the World War II, Perego created Buffalo Brill and drew other series for Edizioni Alpe, illustrated several Gim Toro and Dixy Scott comic books, and collaborated with the publisher Dardo and with the magazines Il Vittorioso and Il Monello. In 1952 he started a thirty years-long collaboration with Disney, first as cover illustrator of Topolino and later drawing hundreds of stories and illustrations for many Disney publications. During this time he also collaborated with other publishers, co-creating with Andrea Lavezzolo the series Poldo e Poldino for Il Giorno dei Ragazzi and drawing several episodes of Fix and Foxi.
# Uchraspred

The Uchraspred (Russian: Учраспред, abbreviation for учетно-распределительный отдел, Registration and Distribution Department) was the name of the departments in various organizations in Soviet Russia responsible for registering Communist Party members in order to assign them to various managerial positions.
The uchraspred of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party was founded in April, 1919. However, the appointments to the highest party positions were under the jurisdiction of the Orgburo. In March 1924, the Communist Party Uchraspred was merged with the Организационно-инструкторский отдел ЦК РКП(б), forming the Orgraspred (Организационно-распределительный отдел ЦК РКП(б)).
# Henry Laskau

Helmut ("Henry") Laskau (September 12, 1916 – May 7, 2000) has been called the greatest racewalker in U.S. track and field history. Born in Berlin, Germany Laskau was a top distance runner in his native Germany, before being forced to leave that country by the Nazis in 1938 due to his Jewish heritage. He moved to the United States and served in the U.S. Army during World War II, before resuming his competitive walking career in 1946.
Over two decades Laskau won 42 national titles, set the world record in the mile, was the national A.A.U champion, and was a competitor in the 1948, 1952, and 1956 Olympic Games, placing 12th in 1952 at 20 kilometers. He was a 1951 Pan-American Games champion.
He also was a four-time gold medal winner at the Maccabiah Games in the 3,000 m race walk; in the 1950 Maccabiah Games, 1953 Maccabiah Games, 1957 Maccabiah Games, and 1965 Maccabiah Games. During an 11-year career, he set five national records and during nine years of that period was unbeaten by any American walker. Laskau won the racewalk at the 1970 Masters National Outdoor Championship in San Diego. In 1983, he was named to the USA All-Time Track and Field team. He remained active in the sport after retiring from competition, serving as a volunteer official. Laskau died at the age of 83 in Coconut Creek, Florida, in 2000.
# Haikey Creek

Haikey Creek and its tributaries drain about 40 square miles in Tulsa County, Oklahoma, US, bounded generally by an irregular line along 61st and 71st Streets on the north, the Arkansas River on the south, Memorial Drive on the west and 145th East Avenue on the east. Within the area are Haikey Park, the Haikey Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, and Haikey Chapel.

## History

Haikey is the name of a Creek Indian family with a number of descendants still living in Tulsa and Broken Arrow today. The chapel, an Indian Methodist church, was built in 1913 with lumber hauled from Sapulpa by Ben B. Haikey, patriarch of the family whose son C. Ben Haikey had founded the church a few years earlier in a brush arbor. The church is located in Section 24, Township 18N, and Range 13E.

## Levee

Construction of the levee was completed in October 1985. The structure is an earthen levee 5,860 feet long with and 11.4 foot maximum height and a crown width of 10 feet. The levee has 1-on-3 slopes and an average height of 8.5 feet. The flood of record occurred on June 8, 1974.
# Aleksandra Kosiorek

Aleksandra Monika Kosiorek (born 13 March 1984) is a politician and jurist, and has been mayor of Gdynia since 2024.

## Biography

Aleksandra Kosiorek was born on 13 March 1985 in Gdańsk, Poland. She had graduated in law from the University of Gdańsk, and begun working as a jurist. Since 2013, she in a co-owner of a legal firm and a court mediator specialised in medical law. Since 2020 she is a coordinator of a legal team in the Gdańsk District Medical Chamber.
Kosiorek is also a social activist, and a member of the Gdynia Dialogue Federation. In the late 2010s and early 2020s, she was one of the organisers of the protests against judiciary reforms and the women's strike protests in the Tricity, and one of the leaders of the All-Poland Women's Strike movement. She was elected as mayor of Gdynia in the 2024 local election as a candidate of the Gdynia Dialogue Federation. In the same election, she was also elected as a member of the Gdynia City Council, but ultimately assumed the position of mayor instead. She began her term on 7 May 2024.

## Private life

Kosiorek has a husband and two children.
# World Apart

"World Apart" (ワールドアパート, Wārudo Apāto) is a song by Japanese rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation. It was released as the second single of their third studio album, Fanclub, on February 15, 2006. The song is unique for a number of reasons. Not only was it the first single AKG released following their tenth anniversary, it also became their first number-one single, debuting at the top of the Oricon charts. The song's b-side, "Uso to Wonderland," was also the first recording in which Kensuke Kita held the position of lead singer.

## Music video

The music video for "World Apart" was directed by Nobuyuki Matsukawa, with planning by Atsushi Masachika and Satoshi Iwashita.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Masafumi Gotoh

## Personnel

* Masafumi Gotō – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
* Kensuke Kita – lead guitar, background vocals
* Takahiro Yamada – bass, background vocals
* Kiyoshi Ijichi – drums
* Asian Kung-Fu Generation – producer
* Yusuke Nakamura – single cover art

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Peak position |
| 2006 | Oricon | 1 |
# Woodham Ferrers

Woodham Ferrers is a small village and former civil parish about 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Chelmsford, located between South Woodham Ferrers and Bicknacre, now in the civil parish of Woodham Ferrers and Bicknacre in the county of Essex, England. The village is often shortened to Woodham by those in the area. The village is also sometimes referred to as North Woodham due to its geographical relationship with South Woodham Ferrers. In 2018 it had an estimated population of 617.

## History

Originally a hermitage during the reign of Henry II the name Woodham was adopted in 1175 when it became a priory, including 60 acres (240,000 m$^2$) of forest stretching towards Danbury.
In the late 13th century the manor of Woodham Ferrers passed briefly to the Scottish noble house of Douglas by virtue of the marriage of William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas to Eleanor de Lovaine, the widow of William de Ferrers of Groby. Eleanor was a ward of Edward I, and had her late husband's manors of Stebbing and Woodham Ferrers made into a dowry for a future re-marriage. Douglas absconded with Eleanor, when she was attending to her late husband's estates in Scotland, and married her c.1288. Douglas, a significant figure on the Scottish side during the First Scottish War of Independence, had his English manors finally forfeited by 1298 when he died of mistreatment in the Tower of London. His son Hugh Douglas having been captured previously at Stebbing in 1296, by the Sheriff of Essex.
There is a residence in the village that was once owned by the Bishop of York and was attacked during the Peasants' Revolt in 1381.
At the turn of the 16th century, the convent was used as a hospital until being returned to the church in 1540.
Due to the proximity of both the Marconi Company and North Weald Airfield, the village was in the flight path for a number of air-raids during World War II; however it was not a direct target itself.
In 1961 the parish had a population of 2215. On 1 April 1987 the parish was abolished to form "Woodham Ferrers and Bicknacre" and "South Woodham Ferrers".

## Education

The village is served by St. Mary's C of E primary school.

## Religious sites

St Mary's Church, situated at the south end of the village, was recorded in the Domesday Book in 1086.
# Zyxel

Zyxel Communications Corporation (/ˈzaɪsɛl/ ZY-sel; Chinese: 合勤科技; pinyin: Héqín Kējì), a subsidiary of Zyxel Group Corporation, is a Taiwanese multinational broadband provider headquartered in the Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan. The company was founded in 1989 by Shun-I Chu, and has three research centers, four regional headquarters, and 35 branch offices.
The company has a portfolio of mobile and fixed-line broadband access products. In 2020, Zyxel Communications launched WiFi 6 and 5G products.
In 2025, Zyxel announced that they would not release patches for two zero-day vulnerabilities under active attack in its products that—while officially in end-of-life status—were still in use and still available for purchase on Amazon.

## Corporate history

* 1988 – Zyxel founder, Dr. Shun-I Chu, starts the business in Taoyuan County, Taiwan in 1988. Dr. Chu rents an apartment in Taoyuan as a lab and starts to develop an analog modem in 1988
* 1989 – Headquarters established at Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan in 1989
* 1992 – Launches world's 1st Integrated voice/fax/modem
* 1995 – World's 1st Analog/digital ISDN modem
* 2004 – World's 1st ADSL2+ gateway
* 2005 – World's 1st palm-sized portable personal firewall
* 2009 – World's 1st Gigabit active fiber & Telco-grade IPv6 end to end solution
* 2010 – World's 1st Carbon footprint verification on the VDSL2 CPE product
* 2014 – World's 1st UMTS 802.11ac compatible small cell CPE
* 2016 – Garners 14th Consecutive Best Taiwan Global Brands Award
* 2017 – Keenetic has been separated into an independent company for the SOHO and consumer markets.
* 2019 – Zyxel Networks spun off from Zyxel Communications Corp.
# Federal Institute of Metrology

The Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS) is the Swiss national metrology organization. It is part of the Federal Department of Justice and Police.
# Dan Gonzalez

Dan Gonzalez (born September 20, 1974) is an American former professional football quarterback who played two seasons with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at East Carolina University and attended Neptune High School in Neptune, New Jersey. He was also a member of the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins and Amsterdam Admirals.

## Early life

Gonzalez played high school football for the Neptune High School Scarlet Fliers. He helped the Scarlet Fliers to playoff appearances his sophomore and senior years.

## College career

Gonzalez played for the East Carolina Pirates from 1994 to 1997. He made his first start for the Pirates during his junior season in November 1996 in place of the injured Marcus Crandell. He recorded totals of 3,868 yards on 23 passing touchdowns during his college career. Gonzalez was redshirted in 1993.

## Professional career

Gonzalez signed with the Dallas Cowboys after going undrafted in the 1998 NFL draft. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins in 1998 and was allocated to NFL Europe in 1999, where he played for the Amsterdam Admirals. He played for the Montreal Alouettes from 2000 to 2001.

## Coaching career

Gonzalez was later a coach at Indian River High School in Chesapeake, Virginia.
# Luigi Allemandi

Luigi Allemandi (Italian pronunciation:; 8 November 1903 – 25 September 1978) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender, usually as a left back. He was a member of the Italy national team which won the 1934 World Cup.

## Club career

Born in San Damiano Macra, province of Cuneo, Allemandi debuted in 1921 with A.C. Legnano. Later, he played with Juventus FC, F.C. Internazionale Milano, A.S. Roma, S.S.C. Venezia and S.S. Lazio, and also had a successful international career with Italy. However, the part of his career that stands out is the corruption scandal in the Torino–Juventus derby in 1927 that resulted in Torino being stripped of their title.
According to the official account, a manager from Torino offered Allemandi 35 000 lira to throw the game, 25 000 immediately and the rest after the match. Torino won the match 2–1, but Allemandi was one of the best players in the field, and when he went to collect the rest of the money he was refused. A journalist found out about the match fixing and went public with the information. After a controversial trial, along with Torino's title revocation, Allemandi was banned for life even though he always self-proclaimed innocent. He was later pardoned by CONI in 1928 and could play for Ambrosiana-Inter.

## International career

After debuting for the Italy national team in 1925, Allemandi eventually won the left back position from Umberto Caligaris before their 1934 World Cup qualifying match against Greece. Manager Vittorio Pozzo started him in every match of the final tournament, helping the Azzurri win the title on home soil; he later served as Italy's captain between 1935 and 1936. He is also one of 9 players being part of both the 1927–30 Central European International Cup, the 1931-32 Central European International Cup & the 1933–35 Central European International Cup successful campaigns.

## Honours
### Club

Juventus
* Prima Divisione: 1925–26
Ambrosiana-Inter
* Serie A: 1929–30

### International

Italy
* FIFA World Cup: 1934
* Central European International Cup: 1927–30, 1933–35; Runner-up: 1931–32
# Union Aéromaritime de Transport

Union Aéromaritime de Transport (UAT) was a French airline. It had its head office in the 8th arrondissement of Paris.

## History

The airline was founded in 1949 by a group of technicians and the shipping line Chargeurs Réunis. This was the same company which had founded the original Aéromaritime in 1934 to supplement its shipping operations around West Africa. The new postwar Aéromaritime continued under the wing of UAT until the rise of African nationalism required the creation of a more user-friendly Air Afrique, and other local companies.
On 1 May 1955, the company took over the Far East subsidiary of Aigle Azur, Aigle Azur Extrême-Orient, and continued running routes in that livery until 1961. The fleet included three Boeing 307 Stratoliners.

## Operations

Early in 1950 Douglas DC-4 Skymaster scheduled services were started to Dakar, Pointe Noire and Saigon. In 1951 the Dakar service was extended to Abidjan. UAT ordered the De Havilland Comet 1A and placed it in service on 19 February 1953 on certain routes to West Africa and by November 1953 the Comets were serving Johannesburg. In September 1954 the first of a fleet of Nord Noratlas aircraft was put into service and in 1955 the Douglas DC-6 replaced the Comets after their problems with BOAC.
UAT ran services under contract to the International Control Commission, linking Saigon, Phnom Penh, Vientiane and Hanoi, with: F-BELU, F-BELX & F-BHHR.
The February 1959 OAG shows 14 DC-6Bs a week out of Le Bourget bound for Tripoli, Johannesburg and other African cities.
Millions of revenue passenger-kilometers, scheduled flights only: 304 in 1957, 468 in 1960.
In 1963 Aeromaritime merged with Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux to form Union de Transports Aériens. However, the Aeromaritime name continued to be used on some aircraft until the late 1960s.

## Historic fleet details

The following aircraft types were operated by UAT:
* De Havilland Comet 1A
* De Havilland Heron
* Douglas DC-3
* Douglas DC-4
* Douglas DC-6
* Douglas DC-8
* Nord Noratlas.

## Incidents

On 26 December 1958 a Douglas DC-6B of UAT (F-BGTZ) crashed in Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Three passengers out of a total of 70 passengers and crew died in the crash. The aircraft took off in a tropical storm and hit a downdraft. The crash site was within the airport perimeter.
On 29 March 1959, a Nord Noratlas of UAT (F-BGZB) exploded in midair on a flight between Berbérati and Bangui, killing all nine onboard, including Barthélemy Boganda, the prime minister of the Central African Republic autonomous territory (the future Central African Republic.