OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julian Miles Whitmarsh

Julian Miles Whitmarsh (11 May 1936 – 3 November 2022) was a British restaurateur who operated two rural dining establishments in England.

## Early life and education

Born in Hodge Hill, Birmingham, Whitmarsh was the son of Arthur Whitmarsh, a schoolmaster, and his wife Isobel. He attended King Edward's School, Birmingham, and matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1953, where he earned a second-class degree in English.

## Career

After Cambridge, Whitmarsh taught briefly in Birmingham before becoming a lecturer in humanities at Bristol Polytechnic. During this period, he became acquainted with chef Keith Floyd which contributed to his later interest in French country cuisine.
In 1974, the Whitmarshes purchased and renovated the Radnor Arms, a derelict pub near Hay-on-Wye. In 1984, following operational challenges, they sold the Radnor Arms and relocated to Weobley, Herefordshire.
In 1985, the Whitmarshes founded Jules Café-Bistro by converting an old village shop. The bistro specialized in French country cuisine.

## Personal life

In 1971, he met Juliet Vickers, a lecturer in drama studies, and they married in early 1972. The couple had two sons, Tobias and Henry.
# Khosrow (name)

Khosrow /xʊsˈroʊ/ is a male given name of Iranian origin, most notably held by Khosrow I of Sassanid Persia, but also by other people in various locations and languages. In some times and places, and in some cases has been used as a dynastic name.
Khosrow is the Modern Persian variant. The word ultimately comes from Proto-Iranian *Hu-sravah ("with good reputation"), itself ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- ("good") + *ḱléwos ("fame").
The name has been attested in Avesta as Haosrauuaŋha (𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀) and Haosrauuah, as the name of the legendary Iranian king Kay Khosrow. This is the oldest attestation.
The name was used by various rulers of Parthian Empire. It has been attested in Parthian-language inscriptions as "hwsrw" (𐭇𐭅𐭎𐭓𐭅), which may be variously transcribed and pronounced. The Latin form was Osroes or Osdroes. The Old Armenian form was Khosrov (Խոսրով), derived from Parthian, and was held by several rulers of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. The name is still used in modern Armenian.
Notable as to the use of Khosrow as a title is the father of Mirian III of Iberia who was known as k'asre (Old Georgian). This led to confusion, as some historians thought that Mirian III must therefore be the son of a Sasanian ruler, and not a Parthian one.
The name was notably used by several rulers of Sassanian Empire. In their native language, Middle Persian, the name has been spelt variously as hwslwb (Book Pahlavi script: ), hwslwb', hwsrwb, hwslwd, and hwsrwd' in Pahlavi scripts. The name has been variously transliterated as follows: Husrō, Husrōy, Xusro, Khusro, Husrav, Husraw, Khusrau, Khusraw, Khusrav, Xusraw, Xusrow, Xosrow, Xosro.* The Greek form was Khosróēs (Χοσρόης) and the Latin form was Chosroes and Cosroe. The Middle Persian word also means "famous" or "of good repute".
The New Persian variant is خسرو, which can be transliterated as Khusraw, Khusrau, Khusrav, Khusru (based on the Classical Persian pronunciation), or Khosrow, Khosro (based on the modern Iranian Persian pronunciations and).
The word was borrowed into Arabic as Kisrā or Kasrā (كسرى), a variant which come to be used in New Persian (کسری) as well. In Islamic Persia, kisrā became a strong byword for tyrannical pagan kingship, and is used as a general shorthand for Sassanian rulers (hence also "Taq-e Kasra", literally "Arc of Kasra"), as pharaoh is used for pre-Islamic Egyptian rulers.
The Turkish variant is Hüsrev, derived from Ottoman Turkish (خسرو), itself from New Persian. The Bengali variant of the word is Khasru.
# Janine Cirincione

Janine Cirincione (born 1961) is an American curator and multimedia artist. She is a director at the contemporary art gallery Gagosian. From 2011 to 2024 Cirincione was a co-director and partner at Sean Kelly Gallery and was formerly the director of the Tilton Gallery where she curated “School Days” in 2006 and “Through the Looking Glass: Artists’ First Encounters with Virtual Reality” in 1992. From 1993-1994, she was an artist in residence at the Wexner Center for the Arts along with Brian D'Amato and Michael Ferraro. Her project, "Real Life," (2001) created 2D animated characters which reacted to the real world of the gallery environment via sensors. Cirincione has also been the president of content development at PossibleWorlds.
# 1887 Puerto Rico census

The 1887 Puerto Rico census was the ninth population census held in Puerto Rico and the last census count under Spanish rule. Under Spanish rule, censuses had been taken at irregular intervals in Puerto Rico between 1765 and 1887. The population count was 798,565 - an increase of 66,917 or 9.0% over the previous census in 1877. After 1887, the following Puerto Rican census of 1899 was held during US rule.

## Race

At 474,933 people, 59.5% of the population was white. The total "colored" (non-white/Black) population was 323,632 people. 246,647 people were classified as Mulattos, making up 76.2% of the total non-white population.
# 2024 Sibi bombing

The 2024 Sibi bombing was a bombing done by IS—PP in Sibi against Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf during one of their political rallies for the 2024 Pakistani general election.

## Background

There were several heavy clashes between terrorists and security forces in Balochistan before the bombing.

## Attack

On January 30, a bomb went off during a political rally by Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf in the city of Sibi, the blast killed 4 people and injured 5.

## Aftermath

The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party condemned the bombing and stated the attention the bombing got should be used to suppress terrorists instead of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party itself, PTI also called for a full investigation of the attack.
The United States Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs made a post on X condemning the attack. They also stated that the Pakistani people have the 'right to choose their own leader', also condemning the attempt to undermine the election.
# Natalia Ivanova (wrestler)

Natalia Ivanovna Ivanova (Russian: Наталья Иванова; born May 11, 1969, in Angarsk, Russian SFSR) is a retired amateur Russian-Tajikistani freestyle wrestler, who competed in the women's middleweight category. Considered one of Russia's top female wrestlers of her decade, Ivanova has yielded a remarkable tally of six career medals, including two silver at the World Championships (1995 and 1996), before she acquired a dual citizenship to compete for Tajikistan in 2002. Since then, she scored a sixth spot in the 63-kg division at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea, and also finished eleventh at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Ivanova is also a member of the wrestling squad for Pobeda Sports and Military Games Club in Angarsk, under her personal coach Valery Saiziev.
While competing for the Russian team, Ivanova emerged herself into a sporting fame at the 1995 World Women Championships in Moscow, Russia, where she captured a silver medal in the 61-kg division, losing to Austria's Nikola Hartmann. By the following year, she campaigned for her runner-up defense in the same tournament in Sofia, Bulgaria, and then boasted for the bronze at the European Championships in Oslo, Norway. Before leaving for the Tajik squad in 2002, Ivanova held a remarkable record of six medals; three of which came from the World Championships, and the rest from the European Championships. When she entered the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea as a crowd favorite in the women's middleweight category (63 kg), Ivanova missed a chance to capture another medal to her career hardware, placing sixth in the process.
When women's wrestling made its debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Ivanova qualified for her naturalized Tajik squad in the inaugural 63 kg class. Earlier in the process, she placed third and guaranteed a spot on the Tajik wrestling team from the Olympic Qualification Tournament in Tunis, Tunisia. Ivanova lost two straight matches each to Belarus' Volha Khilko (1–4) and eventual Olympic bronze medalist Lise Legrand of France (0–3), leaving her on the bottom of the pool and placing eleventh in the final standings.
# Feisal Salum

Feisal Salum Abdalla, commonly known as Fei Toto, (born 11 January 1998) is a Tanzanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Tanzanian Premier League club Azam FC and the Tanzania and Zanzibar national teams.

## International
### Zanzibar

He played at the 2017 CECAFA Cup with the Zanzibar national football team.
During the 2025 Mapinduzi Cup, Salum chose to represent Zanzibar instead of Tanzania. During the competition, he scored his first goal for Zanzibar during a 1–0 win against Tanzania on 3 January 2025.

### Tanzania

He made his Tanzania national football team debut on 16 October 2018 in an AFCON qualifier against Cape Verde.
He was selected for Tanzania's 2019 Africa Cup of Nations squad.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 13 January 2025.
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Tanzania | 2018 | 2 | 0 |
| Tanzania | 2019 | 3 | 1 |
| Tanzania | 2020 | 3 | 1 |
| Tanzania | 2021 | 13 | 1 |
| Tanzania | 2022 | 7 | 0 |
| Tanzania | 2023 | 3 | 0 |
| Tanzania | 2024 | 13 | 2 |
| Total | Total | 45 | 4 |
| Zanzibar | 2017 | 5 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2018 | 0 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2019 | 3 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2020 | 0 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2021 | 0 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2022 | 0 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2023 | 1 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2024 | 0 | 0 |
| Zanzibar | 2025 | 4 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 13 | 1 |
    Scores and results list Tanzania's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Cap | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 17 November 2020 | Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | 17 | Tunisia | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 2. | 7 September 2021 | Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | 26 | Madagascar | 3–2 | 3–2 | 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 3. | 10 September 2024 | Charles Konan Banny Stadium, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast | 50 | Guinea | 1–1 | 2–1 | 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
| 4. | 16 November 2024 | Stade des Martyrs, Kinshasa, DR Congo | 53 | Ethiopia | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2025 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |
    Scores and results list Zanzibar's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Cap | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 3 January 2025 | Gombani Stadium, Zanzibar | 10 | Tanzania | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2025 Mapinduzi Cup |

## Honours

Zanzibar
* Mapinduzi Cup
** Champions (1): 2025
# Battle of Ball's Farm

The Battle of Ball's Farm took place on July 8, 1813, during The War of 1812. A British and Native force successfully recovered medical supplies they buried on the Chourous farm a few kilometres from Fort George, Ontario. The medicine supplies were buried in the face of an advancing American army. During the recovery an American force of 500 sortied from the occupied Fort George. A small flanking force of 40 was cut off and almost entirely killed or captured.

## Background

On May 27, 1813, an American invasion force captured Fort George at the Battle of Fort George and advanced west along the Niagara Peninsula. The British buried large amounts of medical supplies and medicine on the Chourous farm a few kilometres from Fort George. The American advance was halted at the Battle of Stoney Creek. Afterward, the Americans returned to Fort George. After the Battle of Beaver Dams on June 24, 1813, where a large American force was captured, the Americans rarely went more than a 1 mile (1.6 km) from the Fort.

## Action

On July 7 a force of 140 natives and a few British soldiers under Captain William Hamilton Merritt located the medical supplies. Nearby was an American piquet that the British had to get rid of. They charged the American scaring him off as intended. The American alerted the nearby fort and a few hundred dragoons rode from the fort forcing the British to retire without a fight. The next morning the natives moved to the nearby woods on the Ball family farm to protect the British as they dug up the supplies. At 8:00 am the medicine was dug up but the natives aroused the attention of the Americans in Fort George. Around five hundred Americans sortied from the fort including a few dragoons under the command of a Major Malcom. In their presence the outnumbered natives retreated to some woods on the Chouros Farm. A force of forty Americans was dispatched to flank the natives. Lieutenant Eldrige volunteered to lead them. The main American force advanced to the woods and a few dragoons charged the natives. They turned back before any damage could be done to either side. The Americans withdrew to the fort. The part under Eldrige took a shortcut to the natives but stumbled right into them. The party was surrounded and intensely fired at, killing half. Only seven escaped the pocket before they surrendered. During the process of surrender Eldrige fired on a native and was executed in return. Twenty Americans were killed and thirteen captured during the affair compared to only three natives wounded. The prisoners were greatly afraid for their life in the natives hand and the British were anxious as well. Captain Merritt swore that if the prisoners were killed he would never again fight with natives. He was able to negotiate possession of the prisoners and none were harmed.
# Jaro Belfry

Jaro Belfry, also known as Campanario de Jaro, is a historic free-standing bell tower located in front of the Jaro Metropolitan Cathedral in Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines. It is one of the few belfries in the country that stands apart from the church where it belongs.

## History

Jaro Belfry was built in 1744 and made of bricks and limestone blocks. It served both as a religious structure and as a military watchtower against invaders, including the Moros, during the Spanish colonial period. On July 17, 1787, the belfry was heavily damaged by a strong earthquake. Reconstruction only began in 1833 under the supervision of an Augustinian friar, Fr. Jesse Alvarez. On June 29, 1868, another earthquake damaged this belfry. Msgr. Mariano Cuartero, the first bishop of Jaro, had this completely restored in 1881. On January 25, 1948, the belfry suffered again, in its third major destruction, when the earthquake named Lady Caycay swept through the entire Panay region. The second and third floors of the belfry were collapsed, which left only the first floor as the original structure until these days.
On May 29, 1984, Jaro Belfry was declared a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Institute (NHI), now known as the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP). Under the supervision of the agency, the reconstruction of the Jaro Belfry began in the 1990s. It was intended as a viewing deck and tourist center but was never made to work as planned due to a conflict with the Archdiocese of Jaro.
In February 2022, it was again under restoration under the same agency, NHCP. It includes the restoration of its original design with four cardinal virtue statues on the four corners of the structure, which had been missing for years. The turnover ceremony, including the unveiling of its historical marker, took place on November 27, 2022, when it also rang its bells again for the first time in 74 years.
# Benjamin Cummings

Benjamin Cummings is a publishing imprint of Pearson Education that specializes in science. Benjamin Cummings publishes medical textbooks, anatomy and physiology laboratory manuals, biology and microbiology textbooks, and health/kinesiology textbooks.
Cummings Publishing Company was formed in 1968 as a division of Addison-Wesley. In 1977, Addison-Wesley purchased the W. A. Benjamin Company and merged it with Cummings. Benjamin Cummings, along with the rest of Addison-Wesley, was purchased by Pearson in 1988.
# Medea's Dance of Vengeance

Medea's Dance of Vengeance is a composition (1955, Op. 23a) by the American composer Samuel Barber, derived from his earlier ballet suite Medea and loosely based on the play Medea by Euripides. Barber first created a seven-movement concert suite from this ballet (Medea, Op. 23), and five years later reduced this concert suite down to a single-movement concert piece using what he felt to be the strongest portions of the work. He originally titled it Medea's Meditation and Dance of Vengeance, but shortly before his death, he changed the title to simply Medea's Dance of Vengeance.

## Instrumentation

Dance of Vengeance is scored for a larger orchestra than either preceding version (ballet or concert suite), being made up of the following:

## Premiere

The work was premiered on February 2, 1956, by the New York Philharmonic under the baton of Dimitri Mitropoulos. The concert suite was recorded by a Decca studio ensemble, the New Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Barber in 1950.
# Overwhelmingly Large Telescope

The Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL) was a conceptual design by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) organisation for an extremely large telescope, which was intended to have a single aperture of 100 metres in diameter. Because of the complexity and cost of building a telescope of this unprecedented size, ESO has decided to focus on the 39-metre diameter Extremely Large Telescope instead.

## History

OWL was first proposed in 1998, and at that time was estimated to be technologically feasible by 2010–2015.
While the original 100 m design would not exceed the angular resolving power of interferometric telescopes, it would have exceptional light-gathering and imaging capacity. The OWL could be expected to regularly see astronomical objects with an apparent magnitude of 38, or 1,500 times fainter than the faintest object that has been detected by the Hubble Space Telescope.
All proposed designs for the OWL are variations on a segmented mirror, since there is no technology available to build and transport a monolithic 60- or 100-meter mirror. The operation of a segmented mirror is somewhat more complicated than that of a monolithic one, requiring careful alignment of the segments (a technique called cophasing). Experience gained in existing segmented mirrors (for example, the Keck telescope) suggests that the mirror proposed for the OWL is feasible. However, the projected cost (of around €1.5 billion) was considered too high, so the ESO is now building the smaller Extremely Large Telescope around 39 m in diameter. Also, there appears to be some inconsistency as to the actual construction costs of the OWL, with some estimating its cost an order of magnitude higher (ELT currently at €1.3 billion, equivalent to around $1.3 billion, scaled using D^2.77 proportionality assuming a 100 meter diameter yields $21 billion).
It has been estimated that a telescope with a diameter of 80 meters would be able to spectroscopically analyse Earth-size planets around the forty nearest sun-like stars. As such, this telescope could help in the exploration of exoplanets and extraterrestrial life (because the spectrum from the planets could reveal the presence of molecules indicative of life).
# Playing God (album)

Playing God (Korean: 신의 놀이; RR: Sineui nori) is the second studio album by South Korean singer-songwriter Lang Lee. The album was released on 13 July 2016. The album's track Playing God (신의 놀이) won the Best Folk Song at the 2017 Korean Music Awards.

## Background

Playing God was produced by Kim Kyeongmo, a member of Sunkyeol, and the album was only available online at the time of release. In an interview with Cine21, she said the album covered "misogyny and violence, and illness and death," and interviewed the album as "I think a work should be a little unfamiliar to the consumers from the beginning. I don't care if it's the way I always go, but when there's a dark place, people get interested" about the album's composition.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| IZM | |
| Music Y | |
| Weiv | 9/10 |
Hyeon Minhyeong of IZM reviewed "This 'play,' which started from extremely personal experiences, is meaningful because it forms a consensus with those who 'know' their own hamartia beyond their own satisfaction, as she said, defining the value of art's existence as 'comfort'." Jeon Daehan of Weiv said "Lang Lee's Playing God is heterogeneous. It's a music, but it's not just music, it's poetic and novel, but it doesn't mean poetry and fiction itself. It's a strange thing, but it's good music and interesting literature."
# Greek destroyer Nafkratousa

Nafkratousa (Greek: Ναυκρατούσα) was a Thyella-class destroyer built for the Royal Hellenic Navy during the first decade of the 20th century.
The ship, along with her three sister ships, was ordered from Britain in 1905 and was built in the Yarrow shipyard at Cubitt Town, London.
During World War I, Greece belatedly entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente and, due to Greece's neutrality the four Thyella class ships were seized by the Allies in October 1916, taken over by the French in November and served in the French Navy 1917–18. By 1918, they were back on escort duty under Greek colors, mainly in the Aegean Sea. Nafkratousa saw action in the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922). Nafkratousa ran aground on the island of Milos during March 1921 and was wrecked.

## Citations

* ↑ Mach, p. 386
# Skalovo

Skalovo (Russian: Скалово) is a rural locality (a village) in Volosatovskoye Rural Settlement, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 39 as of 2010.

## Geography

Skalovo is located 20 km west of Krasnaya Gorbatka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Matveyevka is the nearest rural locality.
# Entropy (film)

Entropy is a 1999 film directed by Phil Joanou, starring Stephen Dorff and featuring the Irish rock band U2.

## Plot

A largely autobiographical film about director Phil Joanou, covering his early film career, his relationships, including a very short-lived marriage.

## Release

The film has been re-released as "Adventures in Tinseltown" for streaming and is available on Tubi and Amazon Prime Video.