# 2001 New York City mayoral election

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The New York City mayoral election of 2001 was held on November 6, 2001.
Incumbent Republican mayor Rudy Giuliani could not run again due to term limits. As Democrats outnumbered Republicans by a five-to-one margin in the city, it was widely believed that a Democrat would succeed him in City Hall. Businessman Michael Bloomberg, a lifelong Democrat, changed his party affiliation, and ran as a Republican. Mark Green narrowly defeated Fernando Ferrer in the Democratic primary, surviving a negative contest that divided the party and consumed the vast majority of the Green campaign's financial resources.
After a campaign that was largely overshadowed by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Bloomberg won the general election with 50.3% of the vote, to Green's 47.9%. Democrats flipped the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn from the previous election.

## Background

The primaries originally began on September 11. However, the September 11 attacks caused the primary to be postponed until September 25 (votes cast on September 11 were not counted), and the run-off occurred on October 11.

## Republican primary
### Candidates

* Michael Bloomberg, billionaire businessman
* Herman Badillo, former Democratic U.S. Representative from The Bronx (1971–1977)

### Results

2001 Republican mayoral primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Michael Bloomberg | 48,055 | 72.3% |
| | Republican | Herman Badillo | 18,476 | 27.7% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 66,531 | 100.00% |

#### By borough

Republican primary, September 25, 2001 :
| | Manhattan | The Bronx | Brooklyn | Queens | Staten Island | Total |
| Michael Bloomberg | 10,959 | 3,230 | 10,168 | 14,543 | 9,155 | 48,055 72.3% |
| Herman Badillo | 4,161 | 1,838 | 4,153 | 5,700 | 2,624 | 18,476 27.7% |
| | | | | | | 66,531 |

## Democratic primary
### Candidates

* Fernando Ferrer, Borough President of The Bronx
* Mark Green, New York City Public Advocate
* Alan Hevesi, New York City Comptroller
* George Spitz
* Peter Vallone, Sr., New York City Council Speaker and Councilman

#### Declined

* Al Sharpton, Baptist minister, activist, founder of National Action Network and candidate in 1997

### Campaign

Late in the primary, Green was roundly criticized for the actions of supporters that were construed as racist, involving literature with New York Post caricatures of Ferrer and Al Sharpton distributed in white enclaves of Brooklyn and Staten Island. Green stated that he had nothing to do with the dissemination of the literature. An investigation by the Brooklyn District Attorney came to the conclusion that "Mark Green had no knowledge of these events, and that when he learned of them, he repeatedly denounced the distribution of this literature and sought to find out who had engaged in it". Nevertheless, the incident is thought to have diminished minority turnout in the general election, and helped the Republican candidate win in an overwhelmingly Democratic city. (Village Voice columnist Peter Noel wrote that "Mark Green ... may have replaced [Giuliani] as the most hated white man in the African American community", an ironic twist for someone who had been so popular in that community for so long.)
Green made a controversial decision during the primary run-off to support Giuliani's unprecedented attempt to extend his own mayoral term, in the name of the emergency of 9/11. Ferrer opposed Giuliani's ultimately unsuccessful attempt at term self-extension, and was able to accuse Green of being rolled over by Giuliani.

### Debate

2001 New York City mayoral election debate :
| No. | Date | Host | Moderator | Link | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic | Democratic |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | | | | | |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Fernando Ferrer | Mark Green | Alan Hevesi | George Spitz | Peter Vallone, Sr. |
| 1 | Aug. 28, 2001 | WPIX | Kaity Tong | C-SPAN | P | P | P | P | P |

### Results

Democratic primary, September 25, 2001 :
| | Manhattan | The Bronx | Brooklyn | Queens | Staten Island | Total |
| Fernando Ferrer | 60,839 | 86,571 | 77,516 | 49,441 | 5,084 | 279,451 35.5% |
| Mark Green | 83,856 | 26,125 | 77,805 | 49,692 | 5,704 | 243,182 30.9% |
| Peter Vallone, Sr. | 25,296 | 18,268 | 51,210 | 48,576 | 11,842 | 155,192 19.7% |
| Alan Hevesi | 32,925 | 6,066 | 25,110 | 27,163 | 3,504 | 94,768 12.0% |
| George N. Spitz | 1,558 | 1,264 | 2,923 | 2,489 | 283 | 8,517 1.8% |
| | | | | | | 785,365 |
Green clearly led among Manhattan's Democrats, Ferrer among The Bronx's, and Vallone among Staten Island's. Ferrer and Green were evenly matched in Brooklyn, while all three candidates were essentially tied in Queens.

### Run-off

Democratic primary run-off, October 11, 2001 :
| | Manhattan | The Bronx | Brooklyn | Queens | Staten Island | Total |
| Mark Green | 131,438 | 38,256 | 120,781 | 94,342 | 18,183 | 403,000 51.1% |
| Fernando Ferrer | 86,579 | 106,086 | 109,831 | 77,330 | 7,193 | 387,019 48.9% |
| | | | | | | 790,019 |

## General election
### Candidates

* Michael Bloomberg (Republican)
* Bernie Goetz (Fusion)
* Kenneth B. Golding (American Dream)
* Mark Green (Democratic, Working Families)
* Terrance M. Gray (Conservative)
* Alan Hevesi (Liberal)
* Thomas K. Leighton (Marijuana Reform)
* Kenny Kramer (Libertarian)
* Julia Willebrand (Green)

### Campaign

Rudy Giuliani, who was riding high approval ratings following the 9/11 attacks, publicly endorsed Bloomberg.
Unlike his cash-poor Democratic rival, who had just emerged from an expensive primary and expected to rely on traditionally reliable free media coverage that never materialized, Bloomberg continued to spend $74 million on TV ads and direct mail in the weeks after the attacks, which was a record amount at the time for a non-presidential election (Bloomberg would break his own record in 2005). The Economist wrote: "The billionaire businessman [Bloomberg] is usually seen as one of the post-September 11th winners (if such a word can be so used): He would probably have lost the mayoralty to Mark Green, a leftish Democrat, had the terrorist strike not happened. Yet, it is also worth noting that his election probably spared New York City a turbulent period of score-settling over Rudy Giuliani's legacy."
Green posed on the steps of City Hall with Hasidic Jewish leaders, and issued a statement, saying that "leaders from the Satmar congregations of New York City, the largest of the three major Hasidic groups in the city with some 100,000 followers" supported his mayoral campaign. But many of the Satmars at that photo op led an upstate Satmar community ineligible to vote in New York City, and were also "at odds with the Satmar establishment" based in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, whose leaders were in Europe at the time and unaware that Green had claimed their endorsements.
The election was also notable for two non-politician semi-celebrities running on third-party tickets: Bernhard Goetz, who had achieved fame in 1984 as the "subway vigilante" for shooting four young men who tried to rob him, on the Fusion Party ticket; and Kenny Kramer, who was the inspiration for the character Cosmo Kramer on the TV show Seinfeld, on the Libertarian Party ticket.

### Debate

2001 New York City mayoral election debate :
| No. | Date | Host | Moderator | Link | Democratic | Democratic |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | | |
| Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Key: P Participant  A Absent  N Not invited  I Invited W Withdrawn | Michael Bloomberg | Mark Green |
| 1 | Nov. 1, 2001 | League of Women Voters of New York City New York City Campaign Finance Board WABC-TV WNYC-FM | Diana Williams | C-SPAN | P | P |

### Results

Bloomberg secured victory in a close election, with 744,757 votes. Although he lost in three of the five boroughs, he was able to collect enough votes in Staten Island and Queens to prevail. Under New York's electoral fusion rules, candidates were allowed to run representing multiple parties.
General election :
| | | Manhattan | The Bronx | Brooklyn | Queens | Staten Island | Total |
| Republican- Independence | Michael Bloomberg | 179,797 | 80,597 | 189,040 | 210,432 | 84,891 | 744,757 |
| Democratic-Working Families | Mark Green | 202,574 | 102,280 | 217,222 | 163,528 | 23,664 | 709,268 |
| Liberal-Better Schools | Alan Hevesi | 3,100 | 1,619 | 2,752 | 2,293 | 567 | 10,331 |
| Green | Julia Willebrand | 2,241 | 670 | 2,456 | 1,579 | 209 | 7,155 |
| Conservative | Terrance M. Gray | 507 | 642 | 844 | 1,219 | 365 | 3,577 |
| Marijuana Reform Party | Thomas K. Leighton | 791 | 529 | 680 | 418 | 145 | 2,563 |
| Libertarian | Kenny Kramer | 368 | 296 | 338 | 306 | 100 | 1,408 |
| Fusion | Bernhard H. Goetz | 203 | 201 | 333 | 253 | 59 | 1,049 |
| American Dream | Kenneth B. Golding | 96 | 112 | 163 | 81 | 22 | 474 |
| | | | | | | | 1,480,582 |