OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kingdom of Gampola

Part of a series on the :
Historical states of Sri Lanka :
Sinhala kingdomKingdom of Tambapanni543–437 BCEAnuradhapura kingdom437 BCE–1017 CEAnuradhapura from Rohana 1017–1055Kingdom of Polonnaruwa1055–1232Kingdom of Dambadeniya1232–1341Kingdom of Gampola1341–1371Kingdom of Kotte1371–1597 :
Transitional periodJaffna kingdom1232–1620Kingdom of Sitawaka1521–1594 :
Kandyan periodKingdom of Kandy1469–1815Portuguese Ceylon1597–1658Dutch Ceylon1658–1796 :
British Ceylon periodBritish Ceylon1815–1948 :
Sri Lanka since 1948Dominion of Ceylon1948–1972Republic of Sri Lanka1972–present :
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Gampola is a town and once an ancient polity located near Kandy in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was made the capital city of the island by King Buwanekabahu IV, who ruled for four years in the mid-fourteenth century. King Buwanekabahu IV (son of King Vijayabahu V) ascended the throne after his father and shifted the capital from Kurunegala to Gampola, with the support of General Senalankadhikara.
After his death, his brother, King Parakramabahu V (1353 AD - 1359 AD), who used to reign from Dedigama ascended the throne and moved to Gampola. He was dethroned by King Buwanekabahu IV's son, King Vikramabahu III (1359 AD - 1374 AD) and sent to Malaya.
King Vikramabahu III conveyed the tooth relic to Gampola and held a festival in honour of this sacred relic. He built a shrine at Niyamgampaya in Gampola. The rock temple "Gadaladeniya Viharaya" was constructed by king Vikramabahu III. Meanwhile, a general called "Alagakkonara" became more powerful than the king as they helped to defeat "Araya Chakravarthi", a Tamil ruler who had grabbed the throne of the northern country.
There are many Buddhist temples belonging to the Gampola era like "Lankathilaka" and "Ambekke dewalaya".
The last king of Gampola was King Buwanekabahu V. He ruled the island for 29 years. At the same time, King "Weerabahu II" (1392-1397 AD) ruled Raigama. King "Vijayabahu VI" (1397-1411 AD), who is from the Alagakkonara family, grabbed the throne from king Weerabahu II. The Chinese ambassador Zheng He, who was unhappy with the change of hands, carried off King Vijayabahu VI to China in 1411 AD. The next kingdom was the Kotte kingdom. A separate city was built in Kotte during this time by a noble known as Alagakkonara.
# Udhavikku Varalaamaa

Udhavikku Varalaamaa (transl. May I come for help?) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Gokula Krishnan. The film stars Karthik, Devayani, Sangeetha and Anju Aravind, with Janagaraj, Pandiyan, Vadivukkarasi, Manivannan, Kovai Sarala and Jai Ganesh playing supporting roles. It was released on 16 January 1998 and failed at the box-office. This was Gokula Krishna's last film as director and continued as dialogue writer before his death in 2008 and also was his last collaboration with Karthik after Poovarasan and Muthu Kaalai.

## Plot

Muthurasu has come to the city to earn money to finance his mother's operation and asks for ideas from his friend Annamalai. To rent a place owned by a Brahmin couple, Muthurasu transforms himself into a Brahmin Pichumani and also falls in love with Mythili, the couple's daughter. Getting a job at a company owned by a devout Muslim makes him put on the garb of Hussein, a Muslim. Things get more complicated when an unsafe situation makes him take on the role of Pastor James, a Christian and Stella, his secretary in the office where he works as Hussein, falls in love with him.

## Cast

* Karthik as Muthurasu / Pichumani / Hussein / Pastor James
* Devayani as Mythili
* Sangeetha (credited as Rasiga) as Stella
* Anju Aravind as Aisha
* Janagaraj as Annamalai
* Pandiyan as Paalrasu
* Vadivukkarasi as Mutharasu's mother
* Manivannan as Mythili's father
* Kovai Sarala as Mythili's mother
* Jai Ganesh as Aisha's father
* Kaka Radhakrishnan as Hussein's father
* J. Lalitha as Stela's mother
* Shakeela as an item number

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Sirpy, with lyrics written by Palani Bharathi.
| Song | Singer(s) | Duration |
| "Thottu Thottu" | Mano, Swarnalatha | 4:23 |
| "Ennodu Edho" | Mano, Sujatha Mohan | 4:06 |
| "Salakku Salakku" | Mano, Swarnalatha | 4:54 |
| "Neethan Neethan" | Deva | 4:16 |
| "Singapore" | Krishna Raj, Devie Neithiyar | 4:00 |

## Reception

D. S. Ramanujam wrote for The Hindu, "The director Gokul Krishna, who has written the screenplay and dialogue has created several situations, some of which are good while others are highly cinematic". He added, "Sirpi draws a blank again with his music while Jayanen Vicent's camera work is pleasant". A writer from Screen called the film "a total farce which taxes the patience of the viewers. Karthik plays a conman, who woos three girls posing as a Hindu, Muslim and Christian, but fails to impress in all three". The film failed at the box office, and distributors who suffered losses demanded Karthik to compensate them as he was reported to have financed the entire film, despite Gafar being credited as producer.
# Neochen pugil

Neochen pugil is an extinct species of goose from the Late Pleistocene or possibly the Early Holocene of Brazil. The fossils were discovered by Danish paleontologist Peter Wilhelm Lund near Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais state, and described by Danish ornithologist Oluf Winge in 1888. It was related to the living Orinoco goose, but much larger.
# Bermuda flightless duck

The Bermuda flightless duck (Anas pachyscelus) is an extinct species of flightless duck which was endemic to the island of Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean. It was described in 1960 by Alexander Wetmore, from Late Pleistocene subfossil remains collected in 1956 by Bermudan ornithologist David Wingate, at the Wilkinson Quarry in Hamilton Parish. The holotype is a left tarsometatarsus (Specimen No. V22506) held in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
# Operation Mand

Operation Mand was a military operation launched by the Punjab Police in India to capture or kill Avtar Singh Brahma and Tat Khalsa members from the 21st to the 22nd of July, 1986.

## Background

Avtar Singh Brahma was a Sikh kharku who had founded the group Tat Khalsa. He quickly grew to prominence by launching constant attacks on CRPF, BSF, Police, and Army patrols. He would defeat security forces in the Battle of Manakpur. Following this, Brahma centered his group and operation in the Mand region which is the riverbank land along the Beas. Brahma would be dubbed the "King of Mand" and became the de facto ruler of the region, which covers an area of 240 square kilometres (93 sq mi).

## Operation

On 21 July 1986, Operation Mand would be launched. The Operation was led and planned by KPS Gill and was approved by Julio Riberio. About 30 companies of security forces assisted by helicopters, bulldozers and mechanized boats, were deployed for the Operation. Brahma operated 5 groups of 25–30 operatives.
The Operation did not go as expected for the Indian forces. Thousands of police and paramilitary forces surrounded the Mand region and closed in on the Tat Khalsa men. According to Avtar Singh, he and his fellow Tat Khalsa members clashed with and repulsed an attacking force of officers and paramilitary, with the attacking force suffering high casualties. Avtar Singh also claims to have shot down a paramilitary helicopter, although this claim is denied by the Indian state. Both helicopters are reported to have retreated after this. The battle continued for some time, but eventually, the security forces fell back. Avtar Singh Brahma and fellow Tat Khalsa members managed to escape at night. The operation lasted for 40 hours.

## Aftermath

The operation faced heavy criticism for being "overkill". It was initially described as the destruction of the Khalistan capital, but police had only captured a few weapons. The operation also saw criticism from Revenue Minister Major Singh Uboke, a dissident in the ruling party. He called Operation Mand "Operation Fraud". He charged, at a cabinet meeting, of security forces of harassing and torturing "innocent Sikh youths and even women".

## Pop culture

The operation is depicted in the 2017 Indian film Toofan Singh.
# Tom Purcell

Tom Purcell is an American television writer and executive who is notable for his work with Stephen Colbert on The Colbert Report and The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. He is the winner of seven Primetime Emmy awards.

## Early life and education

Tom Purcell grew up in St. Joseph, Michigan, just north of South Bend, Indiana, and graduated from St. Joseph High School. While attending St. Josephs', he started writing comedy at 15 years old, having his own comedy column and serving as features editor for his high school comedy newspaper called The Wind Up.
In 1985, Purcell graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from Loyola University in Chicago.
After college, Purcell took a job at Loyola’s law library to pay the bills while working on his comedy routine and attending improvisation classes at The Second City in Chicago.
In the summer of 1987, Purcell wrote and performed with the resident theatre company New Age Vaudeville.

## Career

In 1997 to 2000, while living in Los Angeles, Purcell served as story editor and writer for the Cosby TV series. He went on to write for such television shows as Grounded for Life, Run of the House, and The Daily Show.
In 2005, Purcell relocated to New York City, being hired as a writer for The Colbert Report on Comedy Central and then in 2015 followed his boss to CBS’s The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.
Purcell currently serves as an executive producer of The Late Show, where he oversees the show’s writers and helps write and polish Colbert’s material. Purcell has said that he often relies on his Catholic, Jesuit education from Loyola University while working for Colbert, who is known for using Catholic humor.
As of 2021, he is the winner of 7 Primetime Emmy awards.

## Awards

* 2013 Emmy, Nominee, Writing for a variety series (Colbert Report)
* 2014 Emmy, Winner, Writing for a variety series (Colbert Report)
* 2015 Writers Guild of America, Nominee, Comedy/variety (including talk) -- series:(Colbert Report)
* 2015 Producers Guild of America, Nominee, Outstanding Producer of Live Entertainment & Talk Television (The Colbert Report)
# Akin Lewis

Akin LewisListen (born 1957) is a Nigerian film actor, director, and producer.

## Early life and career

Lewis was born on 1957 in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, and grew up in Zaria, Kaduna State. He began his acting career in 1973, the same year he joined a drama group led by Professor Bode Sowande, a Nigerian writer and dramatist.
Lewis came into the limelight when he played the lead role in Why Worry, a 1980 comedy sitcom on NTA Ibadan, but gained more popularity for his role as local playboy Emeka in the sitcom Koko Close. He won best actor in 1982 based on the series and entered the national limelight in Madam Dearest, a 2005 Nigerian film produced and directed by Tade Ogidan. Over the years, he has featured, produced and directed several films.
He featured in Tinsel, a Nigerian soap opera that began airing in August 2008 and Heroes and Zeroes, a 2010 Nigerian film written and directed by Niji Akanni. In October 2010, he won the Audio Visual Awards (TAVA) for best actor. He celebrated his 40th year on stage in December 2013.

## Selected filmography

* Freedom Way (2024) as Mr. Adewale
* Shina (2024) as BB
* Over the Bridge (2023) as Chief Agoro
* A Weekend to Forget (2023) as Chief
* King of Boys: The Return of the King (2021) as Aare Akinwande
* The New Patriots (2020) as Dr. Nathaniel Olubo
* Soft Work (2020) as Chief Ademuyiwa
* Heroes and Zeroes (2012) as Ayoade Alba
* Silver Lining (2012)
* Tinsel (2008)
# Wallace River

The Wallace River is a medium-sized river in Washington, United States. It is a tributary of the Skykomish River and joins near Sultan, just upstream from the mouth of the Sultan River. The Wallace River is 15 miles (24 km) long. Its drainage basin is 30 square miles (78 km$^2$) in area.

## Course

The Wallace River begins at the divide between it and Salmon Creek. It flows west from here until it enters Wallace Falls State Park, where it flows southwest and drops over three large waterfalls, receives the North Fork Wallace River just below the final falls, before going in a westward direction again. It receives three large tributaries in short order before passing under the Stevens Pass Highway, Olney Creek, May Creek and Bear Creek. After flowing under the highway, it continues west until it reaches its confluence with the Skykomish. The North Fork Wallace River begins in Shaw Lake and flows south, passing through two more lakes, Jay Lake and Wallace Lake, before merging with the main fork just below the bottom of the three large waterfalls on the main fork. A trail leads to all three lakes.
# Claus Madsen

Claus Madsen (born March 11, 1975) is a former Danish football player who played as a midfielder and current assistant coach of Næsby Boldklub.
In his active career, Madsen played for Danish Superliga clubs FC Midtjylland and Odense BK, winning the 2002 Danish Cup with Odense.

## Career
### Club career

Madsen made his Superliga debut with Odense BK in July 1999, and spent three seasons with the club, winning the 2002 Danish Cup. When Odense manager Troels Bech moved to league rivals FC Midtjylland (FCM) in the summer 2002, Madsen joined him, and went on to become a mainstay in the FCM. Madsen spent seven seasons with FCM, scoring eight goals in 126 Superliga games for the club. Known for a good technique, he suffered from an increasing number of injuries, and decided to end his career in January 2010.

### Coaching and later career

He went on to coach second-tier club Skive IK, with former FCM teammate Michael Hansen as manager.
On June 24, 2013 got promoted and was assigned lead manager of Skive IK, as the club got relegated and the former manager left the club, leaving the manager seat empty. The club had many candidates but found that Claus Madsen was the perfect choice and the right manager to lead Skive IK to win the division and earn promotion to move back up to the Danish 1st Division. On 5 March 2014 he resigned as manager of Skive for personal reasons.
In July 2021 46-year old Madsen revealed, that he would play for Danish amateur club Bording IF, where his former FC Midtjylland teammate, Christopher Poulsen, also was playing. In February 2022 it was confirmed, that Madsen had left Bording, as he had been appointed assistant coach of Næsby Boldklub.

## Honours

* 2002 Danish Cup
# Durga Mohan Das

Durga Mohan Das (Bengali: দুর্গামোহন দাশ Durga Mohon Das; 1841–1897) was a Brahmo Samaj leader and a social reformer.

## Early life

Durga Mohan was born in a well-known Baidya family at Telirbagh, Bikrampur, Dhaka in Bengal, now part of Munshiganj District of Bangladesh. Bikrampur has a long historical and cultural trail since many centuries. In 12th Century it was the capital of Ballal Sena and Lakshmana Sena, Kings of Sena dynasty and since then considered as an important seat of learning and culture of Eastern India.
Durga Mohan's father Kashiswar was a government pleader in the court of Barishal, presently in Bangladesh. Kashiswar had three sons, Kali Mohan, Durga Mohan and Bhuban Mohan, and all of them became practicing lawyers at Calcutta High Court. Bhuban Mohan was father of Chittaranjan Das.
# Satish Ranjan Das

Satish Ranjan Das (1870–1928) was the Advocate-General of Bengal and later the Law Member of the Executive Council of the Viceroy; he was sometime treasurer of the Boy Scouts of Bengal and the Lodge of Good Fellowship, and a prominent member of the reformist Brahmo Samaj in Bengal. Das was part of a group of moderate Indian nationalists that sought to create a "British-style" public school in India, which ultimately led, after his death, to the creation of The Doon School.

## Early life and career

After completing school and university education in England, Das returned to India in 1894. The idea of The Doon School originated from his participation in the"growing search for a national Indian identity."
Although he died seven years before the school actually opened, Das and others in his informal group had lobbied for it during the 1920s. Das and the rest of the group envisaged an Indian school patterned on the British public school, which he felt had effectively trained young men to become responsible and resourceful administrators throughout the British Empire. But in contrast to British schools, the founders of the Doon School wanted an Indian school to be nonsectarian and responsive to Indian aspirations. The founders saw Doon as the training ground for a new generation of Indian leaders who would take over the reins of administration and government following Independence.
By copying the model of the British public school, the founders were attempting to show that Indians could compete with the British on their own terms without relinquishing their national or cultural identity. This reflected the views of many Indian leaders and intellectuals of the time, but certainly not all. Characteristically, Jawaharlal Nehru welcomed the creation of the school but Mohandas K. Gandhi would have nothing to do with it.
In 1922, Das he was appointed Advocate-General of Bengal. In 1927, he became a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council of Lord Irwin.

## Death

In the summer of 1928, SR Das spent a good deal of his time in England visiting schools and discussing his scheme with well known educationists. Towards the end of that summer, he returned to India and went to Shimla to resume his duties. He soon became unwell and died in Calcutta on 26 October 1928.
# Sudhi Ranjan Das

Sudhi Ranjan Das (1 October 1894 – 18 September 1977) was the 5th Chief Justice of India, serving from 1 February 1956 to 30 September 1959. Das also served as chairman of The Statesman.

## Background and education

S.R. Das was born in Calcutta into the prominent Baidya Brahmin Das family (originally Dasgupta) of Telirbagh. He was born to Rakhal Chandra Das and Binodini Das.
He attended Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan, where he was one of the first four pupils of Rabindranath Tagore. After finishing his intermediate examinations at the Scottish Church College, he moved on to the Bangabasi College which was affiliated to the University of Calcutta from which he graduated. He later studied law at University College London and was awarded first-class honours LL.B. from University of London in 1918.
He was called to the Bar in 1918 at Gray's Inn, London.

## Judicial career

He was elevated to the Bench as an Additional Judge of Calcutta High Court in 1942. He became a Puisne Judge, Calcutta High Court in 1944.
He served as the Chief Justice of Punjab High Court from 1949 to 1950.
He was appointed to the Federal Court/Supreme Court of India in 1950 days before the commencement of the new Constitution. He officiated twice as Acting Chief Justice of India before holding the highest Judicial office of the country- Chief Justice of India for over three years. He retired on 30 September 1959.
Over the course of his career on the Supreme Court, Das authored 160 judgments and sat on 560 benches. During Das's tenure as Chief Justice, the Supreme Court grew from eight to eleven judges. Six of the ten judges that Das appointed to the Court would eventually serve as Chief Justice.

## Family life

Sudhi Ranjan Das was married to the former Swapna Majumdar, the daughter of S.B. Majumdar, an ICS officer. By his wife, he had two sons, Group Captain Suranjan Das and Suhrid Ranjan Das, and a daughter, Anjana. His daughter married his junior counsel Ashoke Sen, who later became Union Law Minister. His children were all named by Rabindranath Tagore.
Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, Sarala Roy, Abhla Bose and Satish Ranjan Das are his cousins.

## 1, Safdurjung Road

The bungalow at 1, Safdurjung Road used by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi as her residence was priorly inhabited by Chief Justice S.R. Das. This bungalow witnessed the assassination of the PM Mrs. Indira Gandhi in 1984. It is now a museum.
# Indian Creek (Sand Hill Creek tributary)

Indian Creek is a river in Otsego County, New York. It converges with Sand Hill Creek west-northwest of Wells Bridge.
# Braun's Express

Braun's Express, Inc. is a privately owned and operated American freight company serving the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest United States. Braun's specializes in supply-chain management for carpeting and flooring products, but also offers general less than truckload (LTL) shipping.

## History

Braun's Express was founded in the 1930s by Joe Braun of Medway, Massachusetts as a single-truck delivery business. The business was purchased and incorporated in 1967 by Roy Nutting. The company's growth accelerated when it developed delivery of airfreight outside the Boston-Route 128 area. In 1978 Braun's became one of the first trucking companies in the area to use computers in the office. The company was bought by David and Cynthia Normandin in 1982. David had joined the company as a driver in 1978 and became Braun's president in 1981. Cynthia, owner of LTL and truckload carrier Normandin Transportation and a former math teacher, joined the company in 1985.
In 2009, Braun's operated five terminals along the east coast and by 2011 was operating 120 power units and 300 trailers from four terminals. The next year, Braun's acquired Surfaces Transport, Inc. and expanded its service area to include the Midwest, with new terminals in Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.
In 2015, a Braun's Express vehicle being operated in Brooklyn, New York, struck and killed a pedestrian.
In 2022, Braun's opened new terminals in Elkhart, IN and Taylor, MI and added service to the states of Indiana and Michigan. This was followed by another terminal in Washington Court House, OH and service to all of Ohio. In 2024 the company launched service to all of Iowa.

## Operations

Braun's Express operates terminals in the following cities:
* Dalton, Georgia
* Hopedale, Massachusetts
* Bolingbrook, Illinois
* Cranbury, New Jersey
* Elkhart, Indiana
* Elkridge, Maryland
* Milwaukee, Wisconsin
* Saint Paul, Minnesota
* Syracuse, New York
* Taylor, Michigan
* Washington Court House, Ohio

## Sustainability

Braun's Express joined the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SmartWay Transport Partnership at the program's inception in 2004. The company was an early adopter of fuel-saving strategies, including single-wide tires, automatic tire-inflation systems, and battery-powered auxiliary power units (APUs) versus the more common diesel-powered units. Braun's was named a "Massachusetts Energy Leader" in 2009 and was awarded an Environmental Merit Award by the EPA's New England region in 2010 and 2016.
# Trevyn McDowell

South African born Trevyn McDowell is a former actress and a property developer, who has starred in films, television programmes, theatre and radio, predominantly in her adopted homeland of England.
She appeared in the 1994 film Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and was Rosamund Vincy in Middlemarch. She is also well known for her portrayal of Michelle Hauptmann in Capital City a 1989 television series produced by Euston Films which focused on the professional and personal lives of a group of investment bankers working on the corporate trading floor of Shane-Longman, a fictional international bank based in the City of London.
# Iric Branch

Iric Branch is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to Black Creek.
A variant name is "Iric Creek". The stream derives its name from Adam Eirick, an 18th-century landholder.