OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jalgaon Rural Assembly constituency

Jalgaon Rural Assembly constituency is one of the eleven constituencies of the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha located in the Jalgaon district.

## Overview

It is a part of the Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency) along with five other assembly constituencies, viz Jalgaon City, Erandol Assembly constituency, Amalner Assembly constituency, Chalisgaon and Pachora.
As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 14 Jalgaon Rural Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 1. Jalgaon Tehsil (Part) Revenue Circle Kanalde, Asoda, Jalgaon, Nashirabad and Mhasawad 2. Dharangaon Tehsil of Jalgaon district.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| Till 2009 : Constituency did not exist ||||
| 2009 | Gulabrao Deokar | Nationalist Congress Party |
| 2014 | Gulabrao Patil | Shiv Sena |
| 2019 | Gulabrao Patil | Shiv Sena |
| 2024 | Gulabrao Patil | Shiv Sena |

## Election results
### 2024

2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election: Jalgaon Rural :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | SHS | Gulab Raghunath Patil | 143,408 | 60.90% | +7.57% |
| | NCP-SP | Gulabrao Baburao Deokar | 84,176 | 35.75% | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,803 | 0.77% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 59,232 | 25.15% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,35,469 | | |
| | SHS gain from NCP-SP | SHS gain from NCP-SP | Swing | 25.15% | |

### 2019

2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election: Jalgaon Rural :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SS | Gulab Raghunath Patil | 105,795 | 53.33 |
| | Independent | Chandrashekhar Prakash Attarade | 59,066 | 29.78 |
| | NCP | Pushpa Dnyaneshwar Mahajan | 17,962 | 9.06 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,382 | 1.20 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 46,729 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,98,363 | 62.84 |
| | SS gain from Independent | SS gain from Independent | Swing | |

### 2014

2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election: Jalgaon Rural :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | SS | Gulabrao Patil | 84,020 | 44.28 |
| | NCP | Gulabrao Deokar | 52,653 | 27.75 |
| | BJP | P. C. Abasaheb Patil | 44,011 | 23.19 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 31,367 | 16.53 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,89,762 | 66.09 |
| | SS gain from NCP | SS gain from NCP | Swing | |
# Dominika Kopińska

Dominika Kopińska (born 11 October 1999) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for French club FC Fleury 91.

## Career

Kopińska has been capped for the Poland national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.

## Honours

SMS Łódź
* Ekstraliga: 2021–22
* Polish Cup: 2022–23
Individual
* Ekstraliga top scorer: 2021–22, 2022–23
# Rattlesnake Creek (Big Walnut Creek tributary)

Rattlesnake Creek is a stream entirely within Delaware County, Ohio. It is a tributary of Big Walnut Creek.
Rattlesnake Creek was named for the frequent rattlesnakes at the rock outcroppings along its course.
# Hindavi Swarajya

Hindavi Swarajya (Hindavī Svarājya; "self-rule of Hindu people") is a term attributed to Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. After Shivaji's death, the term swarajya came into widespread use, without "Hindavi" but rather associated with "Maratha". According to André Wink, the term Maratha Swarajya meant a form of zamindari sovereignty, not necessarily attached to any particular territory.
The term Swaraj was later adopted by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, one of the early leaders of the Indian independence movement against the British Empire.

## Origin

Popular belief holds that the Maratha warrior Shivaji used the phrase Hindavi Swarajya in a letter to Dadaji Naras Prabhu Deshpande of Rohidkhore on 17 April 1645. The purported letter, in Marathi, states:
   It is God Rohireshvar that has given us victory; and that God would enable us to fulfil our wish of Hindavi Swarajya. It is God's will that this kingdom should be established.
Scholars do not agree on the authenticity of the letter. Historian Setumadhavarao Pagadi states that a lot of the historical source material on Shivaji is spurious, contributed by various influential families of Maharashtra to show how close their ancestors were to Shivaji. J. V. Naik states that, irrespective of the authenticity of the letter, Shivaji's career itself amply demonstrates his conception of Swarajya.

## Interpretation

Scholar Wilfred Cantwell Smith interprets Shivaji's Hindavi Swarajya to mean "Indian independence from foreign rule." Historian Pagadi also interprets it as "Indian rule." Religious studies scholar William Jackson, while agreeing that it means independence from foreign rule, thinks its literal meaning is "self-rule of Hindu people."
Historian Irfan Habib states that the term "Hindu" had acquired a religious sense by this time (though not with the present day meaning) and so, other terms such as Hindi, Hindustani and Hindavi began to be employed to mean "Indian", spanning both Hindus and Muslims. According to Pagadi, Hindavi had the sense of "the sons of the soil" in this context.
Swarajya (IAST: svarājya) is a Sanskrit term, whose meaning is "independent dominion or sovereignty" according to the Monier Williams dictionary. Pagadi notes that Shivaji had referred to his jagir in Pune as a rajya. He takes Swarajya to have meant a "homeland" and Hindavi Swarajya a "state of the sons of the soil."
# Kolattur, Kerala

Kolathur is a small town in Malappuram district of Kerala, India. It connects Malappuram with Pulamanthole and Perinthalmanna with Valancheri.

## Connectivity

The Kolathur-Malappuram road connects the town with the district HQ. The nearest railway station is at Angadippuram. Its one of the major junctions on the way to Thrissur from Malappuram via Pattambi and Valancheri to Nilambur. Nearby towns include Angadippuram, valanchery, Perinthalmanna and Pulamantol.
# Shazand County

Shazand County (Persian: شهرستان شازند) is in Markazi province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Shazand.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Kazzaz Rural District was created in the Central District, and Qarah Kahriz and Kuhsar Rural Districts were separated from it in the establishment of Qarah Kahriz District. The village of Mahajeran was elevated to the status of a city. After the 2011 census, the village of Hafteh and Bazneh was elevated to city status as Shahbaz.
In 2024, the city of Mahajeran and 17 villages were separated from Zalian District in the formation of Mahajeran District, including the new Khosbijan and Mahajeran Rural Districts.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 118,789 in 31,228 households. The following census in 2011 counted 117,746 people in 35,084 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 117,571 in 38,214 households.

### Administrative divisions

Shazand County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Shazand County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 61,632 | 47,737 | 45,840 |
| Astaneh RD | 7,120 | 6,540 | 5,479 |
| Kazzaz RD | | 13,161 | 12,014 |
| Kuhsar RD | 3,150 | | |
| Qarah Kahriz RD | 25,040 | | |
| Astaneh (city) | 6,969 | 6,880 | 7,166 |
| Shazand (city) | 19,353 | 21,156 | 21,181 |
| Mahajeran District | | | |
| Khosbijan RD | | | |
| Mahajeran RD | | | |
| Mahajeran (city) | | | |
| Qarah Kahriz District | | 19,120 | 18,119 |
| Kuhsar RD | | 2,611 | 2,088 |
| Qarah Kahriz RD | | 16,509 | 8,495 |
| Shahbaz (city) | | | 7,536 |
| Sarband District | 14,492 | 12,076 | 10,214 |
| Hendudar RD | 8,608 | 6,784 | 5,665 |
| Malmir RD | 4,021 | 3,189 | 2,631 |
| Hendudar (city) | 1,863 | 2,103 | 1,918 |
| Zalian District | 42,665 | 38,813 | 43,398 |
| Nahr-e Mian RD | 9,741 | 8,945 | 8,245 |
| Pol-e Doab RD | 27,846 | 12,836 | 10,752 |
| Zalian RD | 2,911 | 2,408 | 1,753 |
| Mahajeran (city) | | 12,293 | 20,346 |
| Tureh (city) | 2,167 | 2,331 | 2,302 |
| Total | 118,789 | 117,746 | 117,571 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Garegnano Charterhouse

Garegnano Charterhouse, also known as Milan Charterhouse (Italian: Certosa di Garegnano or Certosa di Milano) is a former Carthusian monastery, or charterhouse, located on the outskirts of Milan, Italy, in the Garegnano district. It now houses a community of Capuchin Friars.

## History

The monastery, dedicated to Saint Ambrose but also known as Our Lady of the Lamb of God, was founded in 1349 by Giovanni Visconti, bishop and lord of Milan. Soon after the foundation, monks from this monastery, with the patronage of Galeazzo Visconti, helped found the Certosa of Pavia.
It was then located some 4 kilometers from the walls of Milan. In the 14th century it housed, among others, the poet Petrarch.
It was pillaged in 1449 when the Visconti dynasty fell. It was suppressed under the rationalist reforms of the Emperor Joseph II, Milan then being under Austrian rule, and became a parish church in 1782. In 1960 the surviving buildings and parochial duties were taken over by the Capuchin Friars. The present buildings date from the 16th and 17th centuries.
The main artworks include a cycle of frescos in the main church by Simone Peterzano (1578), il Genovesino, and Daniele Crespi (1629). There is a painting of San Brunone by Crespi. The chapter house contains, in the vault, a fresco of Saint Michael by Bernardo Zenale of the early 16th century.
# Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge

The Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge (French: Réserve Naturelle Faunique Nationale du Grand- Côte) was established in 1989 as part of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. It is a 6,000-acre (24 km$^2$) reserve located in Avoyelles Parish, near Marksville, Louisiana, in the United States.

## Natural history

Grand Cote National Wildlife Refuge was once part of the large contiguous Mississippi River bottomland hardwood forest. Topography of the refuge is characterized by a large depressional basin that fills with shallow water from winter rains and backwater flooding.
During the 1970s, the area that would become Grand Cote Refuge was cleared and leveed for agricultural purposes. The area was poorly suited for farming, but provided ideal shallow flooded habitat preferred by many waterfowl and shorebird species.
Habitat management objectives are centered on providing shallow flooded habitats for waterfowl, shorebirds, and wading birds during August through March. A special emphasis is placed on providing shallow flooded rice; native moist soil plant fields preferred by northern pintails.
Habitat found on the refuge include: 420 acres (1.7 km$^2$) forest, 2,485 acres (10.06 km$^2$) reforestation, 2,040 acres (8.3 km$^2$) cropland, 830 acres (3.4 km$^2$) moist soil and 300 acres (1.2 km$^2$) of permanent water.
Underlying soils are the typical poorly drained, nutrient-rich, clays associated with a large river floodplain. These soils are capable of supporting large numbers of resident and migratory wildlife.
# Read Creek

Read Creek is a river in Delaware County, New York. It drains Merrick Pond and flows east until it meets the unnamed creek that drains Trask Pond, then begins flowing south receiving its other tributaries before converging with the East Branch Delaware River northeast of Fishs Eddy.
# Mail (disambiguation)

Mail is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels.
Historically, mail specifically meant a bag containing letters to be delivered by post.
Mail or The Mail may also refer to:

## Newspapers

* Daily Mail, a British newspaper
** The Mail on Sunday
** MailOnline
* Sunday Mail (Adelaide), formerly The Mail, an Australian newspaper
* The Mail (Madras), formerly The Madras Mail
* The Mail (Cumbria), a British local newspaper
* The Mail (Zimbabwe), a newspaper

## Electronic mail and online services

* mail (Unix), a command line email client
* Mail (Windows), an e-mail client
* Apple Mail, an email client
* Email, electronic mail
* mail.com, a web portal and web-based email service provider
* Mail.Ru, a Russian email and online services provider

## Other uses

* Chain mail, personal armour
* Mail (film), a 2021 Indian Telugu-language film
* Mail (manga), a Japanese comic
* Mail, Shetland, a hamlet in the Shetland Islands, UK
* Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), Afghanistan
* Greg Mail (born 1978), Australian cricketer
* Josh Mail (1974–2025), Australian rules footballer
* Mailing, Fuchuan County, China
# Jorge Valero

Jorge Valero Briceño (born 8 November 1946 in Valera, Trujillo) is a Venezuelan diplomat. He was a Permanent Representative of Venezuela to the United Nations.

## Early career

A graduate of the University of the Andes with a degree in history, Valero received his master's degree in Latin American studies from the University of London. He has also taught in undergraduate and postgraduate studies at the University of the Andes and the Central University of Venezuela. He was the President of the Latin American Parliament's Social Debt Commission (Comisión de la Deuda Social del Parlamento Latinoamericano). As a longtime politician, Valero has authored numerous opinion pieces, but as an academic, has also written several academic papers and books on history.

## Political and diplomatic offices

Valero has previously served as a Deputy in the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies. A backer of the Rafael Caldera and Hugo Chávez governments, Valero went on to serve several posts in the current government. He also appointed Ambassador to the Republic of Korea during the Fourth Republic. In 1999, Valero was Venezuela's Representative on the Governing Board of the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), and in 2000 he was the President of the Presidential Preparatory Commission for the OPEC Summit hosted in Caracas that year. Valero currently serves as Deputy Foreign Minister for North America and Multilateral Affairs and also as the Permanent Representative for Venezuela to the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States (OAS).
As a spokesmen for the Chávez government, Valero made headlines for antagonistic comments about the United States, for example by referring to the United States as an "empire," and accusing the United States of human rights abuses and genocide for its embargo of Cuba. During the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis, he accused the government of Colombia of state terrorism and genocide for its long armed conflict with the FARC rebels.
Valero was a Permanent Representative of Venezuela to the United Nations.
# Dicks Creek (Great Miami River tributary)

Dicks Creek is a stream in Butler and Warren counties, in the U.S. state of Ohio It is a tributary of the Great Miami River.
In the 19th century, the waters of Dicks Creek powered saw mills, grist mills, and a distillery.

## Location

* Mouth: Middletown, Ohio at 39°28′10″N 84°25′26″W﻿ / ﻿39.469502°N 84.423832°W﻿ / 39.469502; -84.423832
* Source: Franklin, Ohio at 39°29′48″N 84°16′03″W﻿ / ﻿39.496726°N 84.267439°W﻿ / 39.496726; -84.267439
# Afra (name)

Afra is a Turkish female given name that means 13th of the month and untrodden ground; derived from the Arabic word "afrâ" (عَفْرَاء). It could also mean Maple in Persian (افرا).

## Given names

* Afra Atiq, Emirati spoken word poet
* Afra Saraçoğlu, Turkish actress
* Afra Scarpa (born 1937), Italian architect

## Mononyms

* Afra (born 1980), Japanese beatboxer
* Saint Afra (died 302), German Christian martyr

## Fictional characters

* Afra Lyon, character in the 1990 novel The Rowan
# Northern Technical College

Northern Technical College, abbreviated as NORTEC, is a public college in Ndola, Zambia. It is one of the first engineering public colleges in Zambia. The language of instruction at the college is English.

## Development

The original aim of the Northern Technical College, founded in 1964, was to qualify people for a career in industry. In the meantime, the training has adapted to the job market. Social classes have emerged that have already completed their training at NORTEC in the second generation. The college is accredited by the state education agency TEVETA.
It maintains cooperative relations with The Copperbelt University and the University of Zambia. There are also working contacts with the African Development Bank, the Kaizen Institute of Zambia and the Swedish Volvo Group

## Programmes Offered

NORTEC is a quasi – government institution administered by a Management Board. The institution has currently four academic departments namely: 1.Mechanical 2.Electrical 3.Automotive/Heavy Equipment Repair 4. Applied Sciences and Business Studies.
The course portfolio includes:
* Mechanical Engineering.
* Electrical Engineering.
* Automotive Engineering.
* Heavy Equipment Engineering.
* Biomedical Engineering.
* Laboratory Science.
* Computer Studies.
* Production Management.
The courses are available on Full-time, Part-Time, Open Distance Learning and Short intensive training.

## Partners and projects

Northern Technical College has established strategic partnerships with numerous companies over the years. These collaborations aim to enhance the institution's presence while delivering quality and advanced education to its students. Its partners include:
* Ministry of Technology and Science
* Zambia National Commercial Bank
* Africa Development Bank
* ZAMREN
* EIZ
# Rebel Creek (Nevada)

Rebel Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Nevada.
According to tradition, Rebel Creek was named by a Southern sympathizer who won naming rights in a fight against a Northern foe.
# Fahmi El-Shami

Fahmi El-Shami is a former Libyan soccer player who played in the NPSL. Particularly as a forward.

## Career statistics
### Club

| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| San Diego Sockers | 1987–88 | MISL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Canton Invaders | 1988–89 | AISA | 27 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 24 |
| Chicago Power | 1989–90 | AISA | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4 |
| Dayton Dynamo | 1990–91 | NPSL | 38 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 43 |
| Dayton Dynamo | 1991–92 | NPSL | 36 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 38 |
| Dayton Dynamo | Total | Total | 74 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 81 |
| Canton Invaders | 1992–93 | NPSL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Milwaukee Wave | 1992–93 | NPSL | 13 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 8 |
| Atlanta Ruckus | 1997 | USISL A-League | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 141 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 141 | 127 |
# Piero Selvaggio

Piero Selvaggio (born 1 January 1958 in Palermo) is a retired male long-distance runner from Italy.

## Biography

He competed for his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. He is the twin brother of Antonio Selvaggio, also a long-distance runner. Selvaggio set his personal best (13:27.08) in the men's 5000 metres in 1984.

## National titles

Piero Selvaggio has won 2 times the individual national championship.
* 2 wins in the 5000 metres (1978, 1981)
# Radical 2

Radical 2 or radical line (丨部) meaning "vertically connected" is one of 6 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of only one stroke.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are only 21 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
丨 is also the 2nd indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with 亅 being its associated indexing component (used to be associated with 乛 prior to the new standard in 2009).

## Evolution

* Large seal script character
* Small seal script character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 丨 |
| +1 | 丩 |
| +2 | 个$^{SC/variant}$ (=個 -> 人) 丫 |
| +3 | 中 丮 丯 丰$^{SC/JP}$/丰$^{TC}$ (also SC/JP form of 豐 -> 豆) 书$^{SC}$ (=書 -> 曰) |
| +4 | 丱 |
| +6 | 串 |
| +7 | 丳 |
| +8 | 临$^{SC}$ (=臨 -> 臣) |
| +9 | 丵 |

## In calligraphy

The only stroke in radical line, known as 豎/竖/竪 shù "vertical", is called 努 nǔ in the eight principles of the character 永 (永字八法 Yǒngzì Bāfǎ) which are the basis of Chinese calligraphy.

## Literature

* Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
* Leyi, Li (1993). Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases. Beijing. ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Kai Edwards

Kai Edwards (born 13 September 1998) is an Australian marathon swimmer.

## Career

Edwards competed at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in the 10 km race, where he finished 14th, as well as in the marathon event in which he finished 5th overall in 4:51:17.20, only 11 seconds behind the overall winner.
He finished second at the Australian 10 km Championship on the Sunshine Coast in January 2021, which secured him a place at the final Olympic qualifying race in Setubal, Portugal and qualified from to compete in the marathon 10 kilometre race at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Kai has now left the Swimming scene and has now joined to be a fire fighter while also doings a few films.

## Personal life

He is from Carlile Swimming in Sydney. He studied Sport Studies at Griffith University on the Gold Coast and received the Full Blue Award from Griffith University in 2017, 2018 and 2019.
# Laure Lepailleur

Laure Maud Yvette Lepailleur (born 7 March 1985) is a former French football player who played for Lyon, Paris Saint-Germain and other French clubs, and for the France national team. Lepailleur primarily played as a midfielder, but also as a defender.

## Career

Lepailleur began her career playing for her hometown club Sporting Club de Bernay. After a stint in the youth system, she joined the women's section of Évreux AC (now Évreux FC). She was later selected to attend CNFE Clairefontaine, the women's section of the prestigious Clairefontaine academy. She played one season (2003–04) with the academy making eight appearances scoring no goals. After leaving the academy, she joined D1 Féminine mainstay Montpellier. In her two seasons at the club, Lepailleur was a regular in the starting eleven. She helped the club win the 2004–05 D1 Féminine title and the 2005–06 Challenge de France. Following the Challenge de France success, Lepailleur moved to up-and-coming club Olympique Lyonnais and, despite not receiving consistent playing time, helped the club win back-to-back titles in 2007 and 2008. Her decreasing playing time, including a short stint playing for the Lyon reserve team in the third division, saw the international moved to impending rivals Paris Saint-Germain. In her first season with the Parisians, she only appeared in 11 matches scoring one goal. For the 2008–09 season, Lepailleur was joined by fellow internationals Camille Abily, Sonia Bompastor, and Élise Bussaglia. The additions helped Paris Saint-Germain reach as high as 1st position with Lepailleur appearing in six of the first seven league matches the team contested.

## International career

Lepailleur had previously starred with the women's under-19 team helping France win the 2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, held in Germany. On 13 March 2005, she earned her first cap with the women's national team in a match against Finland. On 10 August 2009, she was named to the squad to participate in UEFA Women's Euro 2009, due to an injury to national team regular Sandrine Dusang. Lepailleur had not appeared in any matches during the qualification process and only made one substitute appearance in the tournament as France crashed out in the quarterfinals losing 5–4 on penalties to the Netherlands.

## Sports consultant and manager

During the 2015 Women's World Cup in Canada, she became a consultant for Eurosport . In 2018, she joined RMC Sport.
In September 2020, Laure Lepailleur became manager of the HAC women's sectio. Her mission is to continue the development and structuring of women's football within the Le Havre club . In January 2021, she also took on the role of assistant to the new coach Michaël Bunel .