OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dog beach

A dog beach is a public beach area designated as a dog park. The spaces allow dogs to swim recreationally as well as play off-leash with their human companions and other dogs. Many are true beaches located along the coasts of major bodies of water, while some, such as the dog beach at Prospect Park Lake in Brooklyn, are simply ponds, reservoirs, or inland lakes designated for dogs.
Despite being maintained by municipalities and public organizations, some beaches require a fee for access, while some charge specifically for nearby parking. Others are free entirely. Some dog beaches constitute fenced-off portions of larger public beaches.
Some beaches, despite allowing the presence of leashed dogs, will assess fines if dogs are discovered off-leash; these are generally not designated as dog beaches.

## Issues

Dog beaches can face threats from a lack of political support, and challenges such as funding availability and maintenance can lead to their closure. Some may also suffer from an unwillingness to invest in improvements such as accessible infrastructure.
Some dog beaches can expose dogs to harmful bacteria from the presence of feces and other contaminants in the water, particularly in small inland bodies of water. A study of dog beaches in Monterey County, California, found that dogs contributed significant levels of fecal contamination in the water.
Conservationists sometimes oppose the presence of dogs on beaches due to their potential to threaten wildlife species, including vulnerable nesting birds. Some ecologists believe dogs disrupt marine ecosystems in indirect ways, such as by dispersing scavengers.
The value of coastline can make it difficult to secure the space necessary to host a dog beach; for instance, Los Angeles County, California, the United States' most populous county, only offers one dog beach.

## Amenities

Rosie's Dog Beach, a popular park in Long Beach, California, features a nearby concession stand named Monty's Dog Beach, which serves refreshments for dogs and humans as well as a dog agility course.
# Axlar-Björn

Björn Pétursson (c. 1555–1596) was the only known serial killer in the history of Iceland. He was nicknamed Axlar-Björn, with Axlar being genitive of Öxl, his place of residence.

## Early life

Axlar-Björn was the youngest of three children born to an Icelandic farmer couple. He lived at Öxl, west of Búðir, in Snæfellsnes.

## Murders

When he was 15 years old, Axlar-Björn began to help on the farm of a rich neighbour named Ormur, in exchange for room and board. Ormur died some years later from natural causes and left his estates to his son, Guðmundur. Guðmundur had become friends with Axlar-Björn during his employment and gifted him a farm called Öxl in the Breidavik region of Snæfellsnes. Axlar-Björn took residence there with his wife, Þórdís Ólafsdóttir.
Many legends have been written about Björn and his malice. However, these were recorded 250–300 years after the time of the execution. His story is interwoven with legends and full of folkloric motifs. The accounts differ on the motives, modus operandi, number of victims, and events that led to the arrest of Axlar-Björn. The most common claims are that he killed either nine or eighteen people. The victims were travellers and farmhands who came to Öxl looking for work; some versions say that he hacked them with his axe, and others that he drowned them. Local suspicions about Axlar-Björn grew as people disappeared in the area, while his horses and other possessions increased, but he was safe because of the protection given to him by Guðmundur.

## Arrest and execution

Axlar-Björn was arrested and confessed to nine murders, but authorities found more bodies when they searched his farm. Asked about them, Axlar-Björn claimed that he had found the remains buried in his land and decided to re-bury them in another place without notifying authorities or bringing them to a cemetery. The authorities did not believe this explanation. A þing sentenced Axlar-Björn to die by hanging followed by breaking on the wheel. After his death, his body was dismembered and each piece was put on a stake. Þórdís, who was pregnant at the time, was forced to watch the execution.

## Family aftermath

Þórdís was accused of assisting her husband in the murders and even of committing some of the murders herself. She was also sentenced to death, but the execution was not carried out. The son she was carrying, Sveinn "Skotti" Björnsson, grew up to be a vagrant and a criminal and was hanged for rape in 1648. Sveinn's own son, Gísli "Hrokur" Sveinsson, was also a criminal and also executed in 1657 for the robbery of a man named Hrafna Gunnarsson which resulted in the death of the man and his servant Hiloki.
Gisli's last words before his execution are said to have been "If I were free I would kill you all and eat your flesh!".

## Modern references

Úlfar Þormóðsson wrote about him in a historical novel, Þrjár sólir svartar (Reykjavík: Höfundur. 1988). Megas (Magnús Þór Jónsson) wrote about him in his book Björn og Sveinn: eða Makleg málagjöld (Reykjavík: Mál og menning. 1994). And, in 2012, the Icelandic theatre group Vesturport set up the play Axlar-Björn which is based on legends about Björn and his wife.
# Police Dog Training Centre

Police Dog Training Center is situated in Kerala Police Academy, in Thrissur city of Kerala state in India. It is one of the dog training centre in South India. It was established on 24 January 2008. The academy trains dogs for Kerala Police. The dog training centre can accommodate 30 dogs at a time and they can be trained in both tracking and sniffing operations. The first batch of dogs was passed out in October 2008.
# Ed Warner

Edward Emory Warner (June 20, 1889 – February 5, 1954) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played in 1912 with the Pittsburgh Pirates. He batted right-handed and threw left-handed.
He was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and died in New York City.
# Oslo Business School

Oslo Business School (Handelshøyskolen) is the graduate business school of Oslo Metropolitan University. Located in Oslo, Norway, the school offers study programs at both Bachelor and Master level, as well as a wide range of continuing and further education, in business administration, finance and management.

## History

In 1875 Oslo Commerce School (Oslo Handelsgymnasium) was established, making it the first school to offer a business education in Norway. In response to societal and industrial developments in Norway during the 1950s and 1960s, the school expanded its business education to college level, and in 1970 Oslo College of Business and Economics (Økonomisk College) was established. From 1977 the college offered a three-year program with specialization in accounting and auditing, and as of 1987 the college offered a three-year program with specialization in International Business.
In 1994, Oslo College of Business and Economics was moved to the newly-formed Oslo University College (HiO), and changed its name to Økonomiutdanningen. The name was later changed to Institutt for økonomi og administrasjon. In 2011 HiO merged with Akershus University College (HiAK) and formed Oslo and Akershus University College (HiOA). In the fall of 2012 the business school launched its first MBA (Master of Business Administration) program. In 2015 the school's name was changed yet again, this time to its current name of Handelshøyskolen (Oslo Business School). In 2018 HiOA became a state university and was renamed Oslo Metropolitan University.

## Research and development

As of May 2020 researchers at Oslo Business School take part in the following research groups:
* Digital Innovation and Strategic Competence in Organizations (DISCO)
* Economics and Finance
* Organization and Management in the Public Sector
* Professions and Management
* Organizational Psychology (ORGPSYCH)
All publications are listed at CRIStin (Current Research Information System in Norway).

## Renowned faculty members

* Jan Grund, Master of Economics and Professor of Health Administration.
* Karl Joachim Breunig, Professor of Strategic Management.
* Øystein Strøm, Professor of Business Administration.
* Aagoth Storvik, Doctor of Science and Professor.
* Beate Elstad, Doctor of Economics and associate professor.
* Erik Døving, Doctor of Economics and associate professor.

## Faculty Directors

* Trine Ellekjær, 2000 to present.
* Gunnar Engelsåstrø, 1994 – 2000 (and 2012/2013)
* Kristian K. Saxegaard 1970 – 1994
# Permanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations

The Permanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations is the diplomatic mission of Turkey to the United Nations in New York. The Mission is represented by the permanent representative. The current Turkish permanent representative to the United Nations is Ahmet Yıldız.

## Location

The new building of the Permanent Mission is located on the 10th floor of 821 United Nations Plaza in Manhattan, New York, across the street from United Nations Headquarters. The building was designed by Perkins Eastman and its construction began on September 18, 2017. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and UN secretary-general António Guterres formally opened the center on September 20, 2021.

## History

Turkey was one of the original members of the United Nations, having been present at the United Nations Conference on International Organization. It officially became a member of the United Nations on November 7, 1945.
The first Permanent Representative of Turkey at the United Nations was Selim Sarper, who started its activities after presenting his letter of credence to the UN Secretary-General on 15 August 1947.
Since joining the organization, Turkey has been one of its biggest proponents. It has repeatedly stressed that the United Nations should be the highest multilateral forum for seeking collective solutions to global problems, as well as providing the best framework for agreeing upon common strategies. Additionally, Turkey has participated in all major United Nations bodies since 1946, and has been ranked among the world's biggest contributors to the United Nations budget. In 2021, it contributed $39.6 million to the regular budget. By increasing its contribution, Turkey gained membership of the Geneva Group in 2014. The Geneva Group consists of the largest budgetary contributors to the United Nations and focusses on the efficiency of the UN as well as its administrative and financial policies.
In its history at the United Nations, Turkey has sat on the Security Council four times, and on the Economic and Social Council 7 times. It has also presided once over the General Assembly as President of the General Assembly.
# Lester River

The Lester River, is a 19.3-mile-long (31.1 km) tributary of Lake Superior, in northeastern Minnesota in the United States. It drains an area of 58 square miles (150 km$^2$).

## Course

The Lester River flows for its entire length in southern Saint Louis County. It rises in Gnesen Township and flows generally southeastwardly through the city of Rice Lake and Lakewood Township, turning southward as it nears Lake Superior. It flows into the lake in eastern Duluth.
Lester River is known as Basaabikaa-ziibi in Ojibwe, meaning 'Rocky Canyon River', though Joseph Gilfillan translated its name as 'River that comes through a worn hollow place in the rock', as the river passes through a canyon between Lester Park, where Amity Creek joins the Lester River, and the mouth of the river.

## History

Lester River bears the name of an early settler.

### Historical structures

Along the Lester River are two properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. They are:
* Lester River Bridge (Bridge No. 5772)
* US Fisheries Station, Duluth. Built in 1882, the complex is located at the mouth of the Lester River. It is owned by the University of Minnesota Duluth and temporarily housed the Great Lakes Aquarium administrative offices at the beginning of the aquarium's operations. The complex consists of the Hatchery/Bunk-room Building, Boat House, Pump House, Supervisor's Cabin on the south side of Congdon Boulevard, and a Superintendent's House on the north side of Congdon Boulevard. Between 2011 and 2013, it was given an extensive renovation.

## Gallery

* A stream flowing into the Lester River in Duluth
* Lester River Bridge near Lake Superior
* U.S. Fisheries station during renovation in 2012
* U.S. Fisheries station after renovation
# Kjell Olav A. Maldum

Kjell Olav A. Maldum (born 12 December 1962) is a Norwegian entrepreneur and businessman. He is a public figure in the Norwegian movement for bottle recycling, an equivalent to bottle bill in the US and cash for container in Australia. Since 2007, he has been the CEO and Chairman of Infinitum AS, the operator of the national paid recycling scheme for bottles and cans marked with the official "recyclable" or "deposit" logo in Norway.

## Early career

Being a graduated from NTNU in Trondheim, Maldum has worked in different technical and leadership positions before being appointed as CEO of Infinitum in 2007. He has been a Department Manager at National Institute of Technology (Norway) Teknologisk Institutt 1990-2000, and CEO of Groceries' Environmental Forum or DMF (DAGLIGVAREHANDELENS MILJØFORUM in Norwegian) 2001–2007

## Advocating for environment

Maldum is especially engaged in packaging optimizing and circular economy. His commitment has led Infinitum to be the first deposit-return-scheme in the Nordics to recycle plastic bottles within its own country border. The Norwegian deposit-return scheme has gained significant international interest. Maldum welcomes international delegations to the sorting facility, and provides information on the benefits and how to implement similar models in other countries.
In 2006 he won the Optimization Award of the year in Norway. It was the first time that a person won the award instead of an entity, awarded for "his extensive efforts to ensure that the retail sector have optimal logistics and thus be the most environmentally friendly".

## Special initiatives

* Coca-Cola switching to deposit bottles
Until 2014 Coca-Cola has been using non-deposit bottle for its beverages in Norway. Kjell Olav Maldum played a central role in negotiations for Coca-Cola Norway switching from non-deposit refillable bottles to non-refillable deposit bottles. The move was considered as an environmentally friendly one to introduce deposit on bottles and decrease littering, but it also led to downsizing of Coca-Cola in Norway due to less labor needed for one-way bottles and made headline in Norwegian market about the job losses and also counter-arguments Coca-Cola Norway also promised to invest in recycling facilities inside Norway.
* Recycling cans in Norway
Maldum was also behind the efforts that finally led to the recycling of aluminum cans performed in Norway. The aluminum cans that have been collected in Norway were used to be sent to France for recycling but it has been recycled by Norsk Hydro in Holmestrand since 2014. The move was considered as environmentally friendly step vowing for recycling 60,000 mt of aluminium annually in Holmestrand.
# Hemiprotosuchus

Hemiprotosuchus is an extinct genus of protosuchid crocodyliform from the Late Triassic (Norian stage) Los Colorados Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina, South America. It was named in 1969 by paleontologist José Bonaparte . The type species is H. leali.

## History

Hemiprotosuchus was named by Argentinian paleontologist José Bonaparte in 1969. The type species is H. leali. The fossils included a skull and jaws as well as some postcranial elements.
A 2009 cladistic analysis of protosuchids by paleontologist Eric Buffetaut et al. found that Hemiprotosuchus was the sister taxon of Protosuchus.
# Simon Targett

Simon Targett (born 1964) is an English historian, lecturer and freelance journalist. He is a former associate editor of the Financial Times. In March 2018 Barnes & Noble included his book New World, Inc.: The Making of America by England’s Merchant Adventurers, co-written with American business writer John Butman, in its list of best history books of the month.
Targett has a PhD in History from the University of Cambridge.
In 2024 he was elected chair of the Richmond Local History Society in Richmond, London. He has given talks to the society on George Vancouver, on Robert Walpole and on Richmond and Mortlake’s part in the founding of America and the launching of the British Empire.

## Works
### Books

* (with John Butman) New World, Inc: The Making of America by England's Merchant Adventurers, 432 pp. (Little, Brown and Company, 2018) ISBN 978-0316307888
* (with Michael J. Silverstein, Abheek Singhi, Carol Liao and David Michael). The 10 Trillion Dollar Prize: Captivating the Newly Affluent in China and India (Harvard Business Review Press, 2012) ISBN 978-1422187050

### Journal articles

* "A house, a tomb, a monkey puzzle tree, a fight and a book of discovery: George Vancouver's connection with Petersham, Kew and Richmond". Richmond History: Journal of the Richmond Local History Society. 44: 46–56. 2024. ISSN 0263-0958.
* "Sir Robert Walpole, Britain's first Prime Minister, and his connections with Richmond". Richmond History: Journal of the Richmond Local History Society. 43: 7–17. 2023. ISSN 0263-0958.
* "A momentous conversation in Richmond Palace: the three secrets that Francis Drake told Queen Elizabeth on his return from circumnavigating the world". Richmond History: Journal of the Richmond Local History Society. 41: 86–92. 2020. ISSN 0263-0958.
* "Government and Ideology during the Age of Whig Supremacy: The Political Argument of Sir Robert Walpole's Newspaper Propagandists". The Historical Journal. 37 (2). Cambridge University Press: 289–317. 1994. ISSN 0018-246X.

## Personal life

Targett lives in St Margarets, London.
# Jørgen Møller

Jørgen Møller (sometimes Jorgen Moeller or Jörgen Möller) (4 November 1873 – 20 November 1944) was a Danish chess master.
Møller was twice a Nordic Champion, winning at Copenhagen 1899 (2nd Nord-ch) and at Gothenburg 1901 (3rd Nord-ch).
At the beginning of his career, he tied for 4-5th at Copenhagen 1895 (Andreas Rosendahl won), took 2nd, behind Sven Otto Svensson, at Stockholm 1897 (1st Nordic-ch), and took 4th at Copenhagen 1907 (6th Nord-ch, Paul Leonhardt won).
In 1920, he tied for 13–14th in Gothenburg (Richard Réti won). In 1923, he took 6th in Copenhagen (Aron Nimzowitsch won).
His name is attached to the Møller Attack in the Giuoco Piano (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4.c3 Nf6 5.d4 ed4 6.cd4 Bb4+ 7.Nc3 Nxe4 8.0-0 Bxc3 9.d5) and the Møller Defense in the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Bc5).
Møller was born 4 November 1873 in Otterup, Denmark, and died 20 November 1944 in Copenhagen.
# Soviet destroyer Vyrazitelny (1951)

Vyrazitelny was a Skory-class destroyer of the Soviet Navy which later transferred to the Indonesian Navy and renamed RI Singamangaradja (202).

## Development

The development of the first post-war destroyer project based on the previous project 30 was entrusted to the TsKB-17 team. The composition of the armament was finally specified on November 28, 1945. The technical design materials and working drawings were developed under the leadership of the chief designer A. L. Fisher (deputies G. D. Agul, K. A. Maslennikov) in the new, recreated, TsKB-53. The technical design was approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 149-95 of January 28, 1947.
The lead ship of this project was accepted into the USSR Navy on December 21, 1949, on the occasion of J.V. Stalin's birthday. Engineer-Lieutenant Colonel A.T.

## Construction and career

The ship was built at Amur Shipbuilding Plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur and was launched on 26 August 1951 and commissioned into the Pacific Fleet on 29 December 1951.
She was decommissioned on 22 November 1962 and sold to the Indonesian Navy. She was renamed RI Singamangaradja (202). Her pennant number was later changed to 302. She was reduced to reserve in 1969, and sold for scrap in 1971.
# Yakob Debesay

Yakob Debesay (born 28 June 1999) is a former Eritrean road cyclist, who last rode for UCI ProTeam Delko.

## Personal life

Debesay comes from a cycling family; his brothers Ferekalsi Debesay and Mekseb Debesay, as well as his sister Mossana Debesai are also cyclists.

## Major results
### 2017

    1st Time trial, National Junior Road Championships

### 2018

    4th Overall Tour of Fuzhou

### 2019 (1 pro win)

    1st Overall Tour de l'Espoir
       1st Stages 1 (TTT) & 3
    7th Overall Tour du Rwanda
       1st Mountains classification
       1st Young rider classification
       1st Stage 7

### 2020

    3rd Piccolo Giro di Lombardia
# Joël Prévost

Jean-Luc Jacques Potaux (born Richard-Jacques Bonay 16 February 1950 - 21 November 2024), known as Joël Prévost, was a French singer, best known for his participation in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978.
Born in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France, Prévost was adopted soon after birth by a family from northern France who changed his name, and grew up at Trith-Saint-Léger, close to the border with Belgium. In 1963, at the age of 13, he won a singing competition organised by the regional newspaper La Voix du Nord. He moved to Paris in 1970 and starred in the musical "Hair" together with Gérard Lenorman. In 1972, he signed a contract with CBS Records, releasing a string of singles and touring over the next few years with artists such as Serge Gainsbourg, Mike Brant, Michèle Torr and Serge Lama.
In 1977, Prévost entered the French Eurovision selection with the song "Pour oublier Barbara", but failed to progress from the semi-final. The following year, his song "Il y aura toujours des violons" ("There Will Always Be Violins") was chosen as the French representative for the 23rd Eurovision Song Contest. Strangely, the song only finished second in the French semi-final before emerging the clear winner in the final. As a result of Marie Myriam's victory for France the previous year, the 1978 Eurovision was held in Paris, on 22 April. "Il y aura toujours des violons" finished the evening in third place out of 20 entries, despite being a very traditional, old-style ballad with no concession to the musical trends of the late 1970s.
Prévost remained active until 2017, when he retired, having played residencies at the Paris Olympia, Alhambra and toured extensively for several years throughout Africa.
Joël Prévost died on 21 November 2024, aged 74, in the 19th Arrondissement of Paris, France.