# Central Vista Redevelopment Project

Central Vista Redevelopment Project refers to the ongoing redevelopment to revamp the Central Vista, India's central administrative area located near Raisina Hill, New Delhi. The area was originally designed by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker during British colonial rule and was retained by the Government of India after independence.
Scheduled between 2020 and 2026, the project as of 2020 aims to revamp a 3 km (1.9 mi) long Kartvyapath between Rashtrapati Bhavan and India Gate, convert North and South Blocks to publicly accessible museums by creating a new common Central Secretariat to house all ministries, a new Parliament building near the present one with increased seating capacity for future expansion, new residence and office for the vice-president and the Prime Minister near the North Block and South Block and convert some of the older structures into museums.
The cost of the Central Vista Redevelopment project, which also includes a Common Central Secretariat and the Special Protection Group (SPG) building, has been estimated to be around ₹13,450 crore (equivalent to ₹160 billion or US$1.8 billion in 2023) spread over four years.

## Background

The Central Vista was first designed by architect Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker, when the capital of the British Raj was moved from Calcutta to Delhi. The Parliament building alone took six years to construct, from laying the foundation stone on 12 February 1921 to the inauguration by then Viceroy Lord Irwin on 18 January 1927. After Independence in 1947, it became the seat of the government of the new Republic. The Parliament campus was declared a heritage precinct in the 1962 Master plan of Delhi.
The government statement for the new Vista development project stated “As the needs and duties of the government expanded, so did the usage of the space. However, due to the development in the area being around a century old, and the current growth and development of India, the current Central Vista has failed to keep up with the needs of the country”.
The Central Vista Redevelopment Project was launched in 2019. The project includes converting North and South Blocks into public museums, creating an ensemble of new secretariat buildings to house all ministries, relocating the Vice President and the Prime Minister's offices and residences near the North and South Blocks, and revamping the 3 km (1.9 mi) long Rajpath between Rashtrapati Bhavan and India Gate. A new Parliament building with increased seating capacity will be built beside the older one as India aims to expand its Parliamentary membership in 2026. The project aims for completion in 2026. This plan did not include the proposed PMO as there were issues of pending land-use change and litigation. The construction of the new Parliament building was temporarily put on hold by Supreme Court of India but was released again within few days with some riders.

## Tender Notice
### Approval Process

The criteria for the competition were set by the Council of Architecture, which included no building being taller than India Gate. The project proponent or client had to seek conceptual approval from the Delhi Urban Arts Commission (DUAC). Financial decisions received clearance from the Central Vigilance Commission. Monetary allocation was provided from the Finance Ministry. Project assessment studies were done by the New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC). The regulatory master plan was done by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD).

### Competition

In reality, instead of a call to competition, there was a Notice Inviting Tender (NIT). The difference is that in a competition the winner is awarded a prize, not a contract; in a tender, there is a firm intent and the winner receives the contract. The bidding was held in two rounds. In the first round, merit was given on possibilities and innovation. In the second round, the winner was decided based on their capacity to deliver results. The winner was decided by a jury, and the names of jury members were announced before the competition.

### Finalists

There were six bidders in the final competition, who presented their proposal to the Central Public Works Department (CPWD), Government of India:
* HCP Design Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd.
* CP Kukreja and Associates Pvt. Ltd.
* HS Contractor Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
* Sikka Associates Architects.
* ARCOP Associates Pvt. Ltd.
* INI Design Studio Pvt. Ltd.
The design contract was won by Bimal Patel led HCP Design Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd. of Ahmedabad, Gujarat in October 2019. There are different components to the overall project, and the contractors for each component are to be chosen by individual bidding processes.

## Plan for Redevelopment

The project is expected to cost around ₹13,000 crore (equivalent to ₹150 billion or US$1.7 billion in 2023) over several years and to be fully completed by 2026.
Central Vista redevelopment project :
| New structures | Structures to be repurposed | Structures to be retained as it is | Structures to be demolished |
| New Parliament House Kartavya Path (Rajpath) Vice President's Enclave Prime Minister's Enclave Common Central Secretariat Prime Minister's Office India House Central Conference Centre Vanijya Bhawan CCS-13 New facilities for IGNCA | Old Parliament House North and South Block Main building of National Archives Presidential Gardens | Rashtrapati Bhavan India Gate National War Memorial Rail Bhawan Vayu Bhawan Nehru Bhawan | Annexe building of National Archives Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts Vice President's House National Museum Vigyan Bhawan Shastri Bhawan Krishi Bhawan Nirman Bhawan Udyog Bhawan Raksha Bhawan Transport Bhawan Shram Shakti Bhawan |

### New Parliament House

A new triangular-shaped building to house the Parliament of India was built beside the existing structure as the first building under the project. The new structure is spread on area of 20,866 metres (68,458 ft) and have a built-up area of 694,270 sq ft (64,500 m$^2$), throughout four floors (16,125 m$^2$ (173,570 sq ft) each floor) and have a larger seating capacity than the current building as India aims to expand its parliament in 2026. The new Rajya Sabha hall has a capacity of 384 seats while the new Lok Sabha hall has 888 seats, with additional capacity up to 1272 seats for hosting joint sessions. It has digital interface systems, will consume significantly less power and serve for following 150 years while the older structure will be retained as an archeological asset of the country and will be refurbished to house a museum. Tata Projects won the bid to construct the building at a cost of ₹861.90 cr (₹8619 million) in September 2020 and began construction in January 2021. It was inaugurated on 28 May 2023 by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi.

### Kartavya Path

Under this project of the 3 km (1.9 mi) long Central Vista Avenue (renamed as Kartavya Path) was refurbished & redeveloped with construction of new bridges over canals, pedestrian underpasses, wide footpaths, new parking lots, more green areas, benches as well as trees. Shapoorji Pallonji was awarded the tender for the redevelopment of the Central Vista Avenue in January 2021. They were required to complete the project within 300 days and maintain it for five years post-completion. It was inaugurated on 8 September 2022 by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi.

### Common Central Secretariat

A set of ten doughnut-shaped buildings on four plots as Secretariat will be built on either side of Kartavya Path. The height of all the buildings will be less than 42 meters (height of India Gate) and they will have 7 floors. Exteriors of all buildings will be similar to surrounding Lutyens buildings and they will be connected to each other and to the Delhi Metro network by electric people-movers in underground ways and overground buses.
The existing Secretariat Building houses only 22 ministries with 41,000 employees while the rest are spread across the city of New Delhi. The new facility itself will house all the 51 ministries.

### Central Conference Center

Vigyan Bhavan will be demolished and a new Central Conference Center will be built.

### New office and residence for the Vice President and the Prime Minister

The residence of the Vice President will be relocated to a plot north of the North Block, while the residence and office of the Prime Minister will be moved to a plot south of the South Block. Bringing them both within the Central Vista will cut down on travel time and decrease traffic restrictions.
The Vice President's enclave will be on a site of 15 acres, with 32 five-storey buildings at a maximum height of 15 meters. The Prime Minister's new office and residence will be on a site of 15 acres, with 10 four-storey buildings at a maximum height of 12 meters with a building for keeping Special Protection Group.

### Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts

The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) will be relocated from its current home on Man Singh Road, and its role as a cultural space will be expanded. A 15-acre plot near Jamnagar House has been identified to relocate the present building. The new building will retain IGNCA's existing role as a centre for research, publication, events and training while allowing additional facilities to be added.

## Reception

Supporters of the project have disputed labelling transformation as an erasure, but rather recognition of the sentiment that India can no longer be defined by colonial symbols. Colonial symbols will neither be destroyed nor appropriated but simply remain. The engaged architect Bimal Patel called the project a triumph of "common sense" with a simple and functional design. He has also stated that the existing listed heritage buildings will be integrated into the project, with any new buildings will be "aesthetically harmonious" with existing buildings.
The project was criticized for being built at a time when India was facing an unprecedented crisis due to Covid-19, as the money allocated for the project could have been used for controlling the pandemic.

## Approvals

The project construction requires approval from the local body, which is New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) in this case. The NDMC was bypassed for the redevelopment project as that would require project to be adhered to municipal building laws. NDMC was replaced by Central Public Works Department (CPWD). A colonial law (The Government Building Act, 1899) was activated to empower CPWD. This law gives central government power to build anywhere without approval of the urban local body. Other bodies like Delhi Urban Art Commission (DUAC) were notified to treat CPWD as local body. As the CPWD was empowered, no technical drawings for any part of the project were sent to other authorities for approval including the independent environmental impact assessment as the project did not require clearance for environment, as mandated by Environment Ministry's 2006 notification on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

## Timeline

* Sep 2019: The plan of Redevelopment of Central Vista Avenue is conceived by the Government of India.
* Oct 2019: Ahmedabad based HCP Design Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd., wins the architectural consultancy work.
* Sep 2020: Tata Projects Ltd wins the construction work of New Parliament Building for ₹862 cr by the CPWD.
* Dec 2020: Foundation stone of the New Parliament Building is laid by Narendra Modi.
* Jan 2021: Supreme Court of India approves the Central Vista Project on 5 January. Shapoorji Pallonji and Company Pvt Ltd wins the construction work of Rajpath Redevelopment for ₹477 cr from CPWD.
* May 2021: The High Court of Delhi dismisses the plea on 31 May, that sought direction to suspend the construction activities.
* Jun 2021: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs issues a clarification about the project value of Central Vista Avenue.
* 16 Sep 2021: Inauguration of the new Defense Offices Complex takes place.
* 23 Jun 2022: Vanijya Bhawan is inaugurated by PM, as the new headquarters of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
* 11 Jul 2022: Modi unveils a bronze cast of India's National Emblem on top of the new parliament building.
* 8 September 2022: Modi inaugurates the revamped Central Vista Avenue and renames it Kartavya Path. He also unveils the Statue of Subhas Chandra Bose installed at the India Gate Hexagon, under the Grand Canopy.
* 28 May 2023: Modi inaugurates the New Parliament Building.
* 4 April 2024: Vice President Jagdip Dhankar shifts to the newly built Vice President's Enclave at Church Road.