OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas F. Memminger

Thomas F. Memminger (August 22, 1859 – March 30, 1927) was an American politician who served in the Nebraska House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate.

## Early life, education, and family

Thomas F. Memminger was born on August 22, 1859, near Wheeling, Virginia, (now West Virginia) to William Memminger and Caroline Metzger. His parents were both first generation German Americans. He attended Frasher's Business College in Wheeling. He later moved to Clinton, Iowa, before settling in Madison County, Nebraska, in 1884. On October 28, 1890, he married Margaret Burrows and they had two children.

## Nebraska politics

In 1887, he was elected Madison County county treasurer and he was reelected in 1889. In 1895, he was hired as U.S. Senator William V. Allen's private secretary. In 1896, he was hired as president of various banks and Madison Publishing Company. He served in the Nebraska House of Representatives representing Madison County from 1899 to 1901 and from 1903 to 1905.

## Oklahoma politics and death

In 1905, he moved to Indian Territory living in Durant for a year before settling in Atoka. He was elected to the Oklahoma Senate at statehood in 1907 and served until 1914. He was reelected in 1922 and served until 1926. He was a delegate to the 1916 Democratic National Convention. He died on March 30, 1927.
# Adolf Taimi

Adolf Pietarinpoika Taimi (21 September 1881 – 1 November 1955) was a Finnish-Soviet Bolshevik and a member of the People's Delegation during the Finnish Civil War. After the civil war Taimi fled to Soviet Russia where he was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of Finland.

## Life

Adolf Taimi was born and raised in Saint Petersburg. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1902.
As a member of the party's Bolshevik wing, Taimi was first arrested in 1906. He was deported to the city of Nikolsky, Leningrad Oblast. Later he fled back to Saint Petersburg where he met Nadezhda Krupskaya, who sent him to Helsinki because of his linguistic skills.
In Helsinki, Taimi worked in a Russian Army shipyard and was active in the Bolshevik Military Committee. He also had contact with Finnish Social Democrat radical circles.
In 1912 Taimi was arrested again and exiled to Siberia for four years. During his exile Taimi studied Marxist literature. After the February Revolution Taimi returned to Saint Petersburg, where the Bolsheviks sent him back to Helsinki in April 1917. In Finland, Taimi's mission was to make contact with Bolshevik soldiers and Finnish Social Democrats. He took part in the Social Democratic Party conference in June and November.
Taimi urged Finns to revolution in his speeches. In December, he encouraged the Labour Guards to operate independently if necessary. In January, Taimi was elected an "additional member" of the party's committee. He worked all the while in close cooperation with the Bolshevik-led Helsinki Council.
During the Civil War Taimi was the delegate for internal affairs of the Finnish People's Delegation in which he had connections to the Red Guards. When the delegate for Internal Affairs, Supreme Commander of the Red Guard Eero Haapalainen, was deposed because of heavy drinking, his replacements were Taimi, Eino Rahja and Evert Eloranta.
After the end of the civil war, Taimi fled to Soviet Russia where he was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of Finland in 1918. In 1923 he allied with Otto Wille Kuusinen and Kullervo Manner against Eino Rahjaa who was accused of being unsuitable for the party leadership. He was elected to the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1924.
Taimi worked in the underground organizations of the Finnish Communist Party in Finland in 1922–1923 and 1927–1928. He was also active in the Comintern. He was arrested in Finland in 1928 and received a long prison sentence.
Taimi was released after the Winter War along with Toivo Antikainen. Both were deported back to the Soviet Union. Taimi settled in the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic. Occupied by prison time and disputes with other Finnish Communists, he was not able to rise to the higher ranks of the Communist Party of Finland. Taimi published his memoirs in 1954 in Finnish.
# Charles Liebmann

Charles Liebmann (November 16, 1837 – June 12, 1928) was a German-born American brewer and president of S. Liebmann Brewery (later Rheingold Breweries) in Brooklyn, New York. The brewery's main brand Rheingold Extra Dry was one of the most popular beer brands in New York City in the 1940s to 1960s.

## Biography

Charles Liebmann was born to a Jewish family in Schmiedelfeld in 1837, the son of Dara (née Selz) and Samuel Liebmann. His father was, at the time, the owner of the estate Schloss Schmiedelfeld. In 1840, the family moved to Ludwigsburg and ran the inn "Zum Stern" and its attached brewery; and where the young Liebmann attended secondary school. His father determined to immigrate to the United States for political reasons and sent Charles' brother in 1850 in advance to procure a home. In 1854, the remainder of the family immigrated settling in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The family first operated the old Maasche Brewery while Charles worked as a cooper at the F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company. Pooling their resources, the family built a new brewery in Bushwick named the S. Liebmann Brewery.
After the death of his father in 1872, the three sons took over the management of the brewery and renamed it S. Liebmann's Sons Brewing Company. The Liebmann brothers alternated with each other as chief executive officer each year. Charles Liebmann was considered the technical director of the company. In 1903, the Liebmann brothers retired and handed over the management of the company to six of their sons.

## Personal life

On October 22, 1865, Liebmann married Sophia Bendix; they had four children:
* Henry Liebmann (born August 19, 1866), died as a child
* Julius Liebmann (November 16, 1868 - October 8, 1957)
* Alfred Liebmann (July 20, 1871 - December 1957), married to Alma Wallach Liebmann (1882-1938), 2 children:
** Dorothea Liebmann, married to Roger Williams Straus Jr., son of Gladys Eleanor Guggenheim Straus
** Philip Liebmann (February 19, 1915 - February 2, 1972), married Dorothy Walp in 1942, divorced 1943; married Linda Darnell in 1954, divorced; married Joan Barry in 1955, sister of Al Barry
* Amanda Liebmann (born September 10, 1872)
Liebmann died on June 12, 1928, in New York City.
# West Fork Carson River

The West Fork Carson River is a major tributary of the Carson River, about 35 miles (56 km) long, in Alpine County, California, and Douglas County, Nevada, in the United States.
It rises in the Sierra Nevada of California, at Lost Lakes near Carson Pass in the Mokelumne Wilderness of Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. It flows north into Hope Valley where it is joined by SR 88 (Carson Pass Highway), which closely follows the river as it travels toward Nevada. At the northern end of the valley it turns east, flowing through a gorge, before emerging from the mountains near Woodfords. From there it flows north, into the Carson Valley of Nevada, where it joins with the East Fork Carson River at Genoa to form the Carson River.
# Pink (Van Sant novel)

Pink is a novel written by filmmaker Gus Van Sant. It was published in 1997 on the Nan Talese imprint of Doubleday.

## Summary

The story is set in Saquatch, Oregon, United States, and details the life of Spunky Davis, a middle-aged maker of infomercials who is trying to find his next assignment and finish the science-fiction screenplay that he hopes will bring him Hollywood glory. The science-fiction screenplay sections of the book were written by Lanny Quarles. Spunky meets Jack and Matt who are from another dimension called Pink. The book has a flip-book element and other drawings that were created by Van Sant himself.
# Ashwin Raman

Ashwin Raman (born 18 June 1946) is a German journalist and documentary filmmaker of Indian descent. Raman is notable for a number of prize-winning documentaries which have garnered him the Grimme Prize (2017), the Robert Geisendörfer Prize (2012), Otto Brenner Special Award, the international CNN Rory Peck Award and the Deutscher Fernsehpreis, among others.

## Early life

Raman's father was the editor-in-chief of The Times of India (Ahmedabad edition) and his mother a teacher. After completing his bachelor's degree in literature in India, he received a scholarship for a master's degree at the University of Oxford. At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich he worked as a host and made his first contacts with Germany during this time. After his Master's degree he returned to India and started working as a reporter for The Times of India.
At this time, India's political situation was extremely unstable owing to Indira Gandhi's state of emergency. Raman was imprisoned for evading censorship with an underground newspaper. Amnesty International in Hamburg took up his case and were able to aid him to migrate to Germany.

## Life in Germany

In Hamburg he began writing for Der Spiegel and Die Zeit, although his texts initially had to be translated. He worked for Amnesty in Los Angeles for some time, wrote for the Los Angeles Times and then traveled to Nicaragua as a freelance journalist, where he reported on the civil war there for various newspapers. There he also made his first documentary film With the Sandinistas (1978), which he shot in 16 mm format and sold to various television stations. After the end of the civil war in 1979, he moved back to Germany and took German citizenship in 1985.
From the 1980s Raman devoted himself increasingly to documentary film, acquiring the necessary knowledge autodidactically. To date Raman has made over 200 documentaries as a "one-man team". Since the 2000s he has concentrated primarily on war and crisis reporting for public broadcasting, traveling to Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq, Syria, and other countries. In 2019, he announced that he would be withdrawing from war reporting because he was "tired of war" and suffering from health problems.
Raman lives in Selm in North Rhine-Westphalia. He is married and has two sons.
# Mount Green (New Zealand)

Mount Green is a 2,837-metre-elevation (9,308-foot) mountain in New Zealand.

## Description

Mount Green is set on the crest or Main Divide of the Southern Alps and is situated on the boundary shared by the West Coast and Canterbury Regions of South Island. This peak is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) northeast of Aoraki / Mount Cook and set on the boundary shared by Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park and Westland Tai Poutini National Park. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north to the Callery River and south to the Tasman River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 837 metres (2,746 feet) above the Tasman Glacier in one kilometre, and 537 metres (1,762 feet) above the Edwards Glacier in 0.5 kilometre. The nearest higher peak is Mount Walter, one kilometre to the northeast. The mountain's toponym was applied by Dr. Robert von Lendenfeld to honour William Spotswood Green (1847–1919), who made the first recorded attempt to climb Aoraki / Mount Cook with two companions in 1882, but less than 100 metres from the summit they were forced to turn back due to bad weather. There is also a Mount Green in Canada with the same namesake.

## Climbing

Climbing routes with the first ascents:
* East Face – North East Ridge – Alex Graham, Peter Graham, Ebenezer Teichelmann, F.W. Vollmann – (1909)
* West Ridge – D.A. Carty, L.J. Dumbleton, J.D. Willis, D.J. Stanton – (1938)
* South Ridge – D. Dawe, Hamish MacInnes, Dick Irwin – (1956)
* South East Buttress – Ian Cave, Mike Gill, John Nichols – (1960)
* South East Face – Kevin Carroll, John Andrews – (1971)
* The Pink Route – Phil Pitham, Mark Whetu – (1983)
* East Face, Left Hand Trinity – Mike Smith, Tony Dignan – (1986)
* Eaton's Run (West Face) – Greg Duley, Emil Hansen, Don French – (2021)
* Chocolate Cake (West Face) – Adam Sanders, Justin Wimmer – Kevin Carroll, John Andrews – (2023)

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Green is located in a marine west coast (Cfb) climate zone, with a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) at the summit. Prevailing westerly winds blow moist air from the Tasman Sea onto the mountains, where the air is forced upward by the mountains (orographic lift), causing moisture to drop in the form of rain or snow. This climate supports the Edwards, Stevenson, and Tasman glaciers surrounding the peak. The months of December through February offer the most favourable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
# Three Border Mountain

Three Border Mountain (Hungarian: Hármashatár-hegy, German: Drei·hotter·berg) is the name of a mountain in the city of Budapest, Hungary. Its name comes from the fact that the borders of three cities (Buda, Óbuda, Pesthidegkút) met at this point in the 19th century. Today, these cities have merged into Budapest, but the mountain's name has remained unchanged. The border between the 2nd district and 3rd district still bisects the mountain.

## Background

The mountain is part of the Buda Hills (Budai Hegyek). The mountain is located on the Buda side, at 495 metres (1,624 ft) above sea level. The mountain is a popular place for hiking, biking and paragliding. In the winter it is also a place for sled riding. There are several trails in the area, but the only one that reaches the top is the blue trail, also known as the Country Blue Trail (Az Országos Kéktúra). At the summit there are television and radio towers, as well as a restaurant.
It is often windy at the peak, due to the lack of trees. Snow may linger up to two weeks after the snow in the city has melted. On average, the temperature is a couple of degrees Celsius less than on the Pest side.
The non-public Hármashatárhegy Airport (ICAO code: LHHH) has a single 1000 x 100 m runway and serves the Budapest-Hármashatárhegy region.
# Khanpur Dam

The Khanpur Dam is located on the Haro River in Khanpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, about 50 km from Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. It forms Khanpur Lake, a reservoir that supplies drinking water to Islamabad and Rawalpindi and irrigation water to many of the agricultural and industrial areas surrounding the cities.
The dam was completed in 1983 after a 15-year construction period, at a cost of ₨1,385.1 million. It is 51 m (167 ft) high and stores 79,980 acre-feet (98,650,000 m$^3$) of water.

## Blue-green water and tourism

The blue-green water of the dam attracts hundreds of tourists from all over Pakistan.

## Rajgan Mosque

The deserted Rajgan Mosque, locally known as "Rajon ki Masjid", is located in the area.

## Bhamala Buddhist Complex

Sculptures and heads dating back to the 2nd–5th century AD have been discovered during excavation at the Bhamala Buddhist Complex near Khanpur, known as the Bhamala Stupa. The area has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Gallery

* Khanpur Lake Pakistan
* Khanpur Lake Pakistan
* Khanpur Lake Pakistan
* Khanpur Lake Pakistan
* Khanpur Lake Pakistan
# St. Peter and St. Paul Orthodox Church

St. Peter and St. Paul Orthodox Church in Burr Ridge, Illinois, is a parish of the Orthodox Church in America Diocese of the Midwest in the Chicago metropolitan area.

## History

On August 3, 1931, Rev. Peter Semkoff officially petitioned Metropolitan Theophilus, the local bishop of the Russian Metropolia, for his permission to establish a new parish in the Gage Park area of Chicago (2410 W 53rd St. Chicago, IL 60632), to be eventually known as St. Peter and St. Paul Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church. The first membership meeting was held on September 30, 1931, and on December 1, 1931, property for a new church was purchased on the northwest corner of Western Ave. and 53rd St. The first liturgy in the new church was celebrated on Palm Sunday, April 20, 1932. The majority of parish founders were Carpatho-Russians formerly belonging to St. Mary's Greek Catholic Church under papal jurisdiction. The desire to control parish property and retain what was then perceived as nasa Ruska Vira ("our Russian Faith") were primary reasons for affiliating with the Metropolia.
After being spiritually served for over 50 years by V. Rev. Peter Semkoff and his son, V. Rev. Nicholas Semkoff, this once tight-knit ethnic enclave of southwest side Chicago parishioners vacated their original temple and continued their parish life in a new church on County Line Rd. in Burr Ridge, Illinois. The new location was determined by the demographics of the parish members, who now reside as far north as Racine, Wisconsin, and as far south as Bourbonnais, IL. The first service in the new church was held on February 15, 1998.
The parish now serves an English-speaking congregation representing many ethnic roots.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from an article of the same name on orthodoxwiki.org, which see for attribution history. Orthodoxwiki is licensed under GFDL.
41°45′51.9″N 87°55′00.1″W﻿ / ﻿41.764417°N 87.916694°W﻿ / 41.764417; -87.916694
# Khosrowshah District

Khosrowshah District (Persian: بخش خسروشاه) is in Tabriz County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Khosrowshah.

## Etymology

The district got its name from Khusrau Shah, king of the Justanids during the 10th century. The words "Khosrow" and "Shah" are both Persian words that mean "king."

## History

After the 2016 National Census, the villages of Esfahlan and Lahijan were elevated to city status.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 36,002 in 9,276 households. The following census in 2011 counted 38,226 people in 11,279 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 48,663 inhabitants in 15,054 households.

### Administrative divisions

Khosrowshah District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Lahijan RD | 14,052 | 15,768 | 16,290 |
| Tazeh Kand RD | 9,156 | 10,011 | 10,401 |
| Esfahlan (city) | | | |
| Khosrowshah (city) | 12,794 | 12,447 | 21,972 |
| Lahijan (city) | | | |
| Total | 36,002 | 38,226 | 48,663 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# 2010 Guadiana Trophy

The 2010 Guadiana Trophy was the 10th edition of the competition and took place between 30 July and 1 August 2010. It featured Benfica, Feyenoord, and Aston Villa.
Benfica won its fourth title after beating Aston Villa in the final by a score of 4-1.
# Botezatu

Botezat or Botezatu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eugen Botezat
* Ionuț Botezatu, Romanian rugby union player
* Gheorghe Botezatu
# Payatas dumpsite

14°43′0.6″N 121°6′19.8″E﻿ / ﻿14.716833°N 121.105500°E﻿ / 14.716833; 121.105500
The Payatas dumpsite, also known as the Payatas Controlled Disposal Facility (PCDF), is a former garbage dump in the barangay of the same name in Quezon City, Metro Manila, the Philippines.
Originally established in the 1970s, the former open dumpsite was home to scavengers who migrated to the area after the closure of the Smokey Mountain landfill in Tondo, Manila. After the Payatas landslide happened in 2000, the newly passed Ecological Solid Waste Management Act mandated the closure of open and controlled dumpsites. The dumpsite was reorganized into a controlled disposal facility in 2004 and was permanently closed in 2017.
The former dumpsite is currently being redeveloped into an urban park for cycling activities.

## History

The dumpsite was established in the 1970s, as an open dumpsite in Lupang Pangako in Payatas, Quezon City. Prior to this, the area used to be a ravine surrounded by farming villages and rice paddies.
People residing in the Smokey Mountain landfill in Tondo, Manila who worked as scavengers migrated to the Payatas dumpsite after the former's closure in 1995. Payatas then developed a reputation as the "second Smokey Mountain", "21st century Smokey Mountain", "Smokey Mountain Two", "New Smokey Mountain", "Smokey Valley", or the "modern-day Smokey Mountain". On July 10, 2000, the Payatas landslide caused the deaths of 232 people residing within the landfill, which prompted the passage of Republic Act No. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, which mandated the closure of open dumpsites by 2001 and controlled dumpsites by 2006. The dumping ground was immediately closed following the incident by then-President Joseph Estrada, but was reopened weeks later by then-Quezon City Mayor Mel Mathay to avert an epidemic in the city due to uncollected garbage caused by the closure.
In 2000, a geologist from the University of the Philippines raised that there might be a possible leakage of leachate from the dumpsite to the La Mesa Dam and Reservoir. The dumpsite is located less than 500 m (1,600 ft) from the reservoir itself.
In 2004, the landfill was reorganized as a controlled disposal facility and was closed in December 2010.
A separate landfill with a stricter waste management policy was established nearby the old open dumpsite in January 2011. Garbage in the dumpsite was dumped on a layer of tarpaulin to prevent seepage of leachate to the groundwater. This dumpsite was permanently closed in December 2017 following an order issued by the DENR Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB) on August 2, 2017, so that it could review the environmental compliance certificate (ECC) of IPM Environmental Services, the operator of the dumpsite.
In January 2020, the Quezon City Regional Trial Court ordered the government of Quezon City to pay more than 6 million pesos to the relatives of the 2000 Payatas landslide victims.
In March 2023, the former dumpsite was redeveloped into an urban park for cycling activities.
# Yang Jing-se

Yang Jing-se (Chinese: 楊靜瑟), also known as Arthur Young, is a Lieutenant General of the Air Force of Taiwan (ROCAF). On February 23, 2022, he succeeded his predecessor, Luo Der-min, and was appointed as the Director of Military Intelligence Bureau. Served from March 1.

## Education

Yang is a 1987 graduate of the Republic of China Air Force Academy (CAFA), finished senior staff courses at the Air Command & Staff College, National Defense University (NDU) in 2001, then NDU War College in 2008. In 2008 he also graduate with master degree majoring in strategy and international affairs from the Department of Diplomacy, National Chengchi University (NCCU), with his thesis studying the influence of Japan's newly-developed fighter jets on the strength of East Asian air forces (論日本發展新型戰機對東亞空軍戰力影響之研究).

## Air force service

Yang was commissioned as an air force officer in 1987 upon graduation from the academy. In 1996, France sold 60 Mirage 2000s to Taiwan. Lieutenant Colonel Shen Yiming led the team to Dijon Air Force Base, France. Yang was one of the first 8 Taiwanese pilots to go to secret training. Pilot training in the French military ended on 1 May 1997.
During the years of Ma Ying-jeou's administration, the Mirage fighter crashed in a routine training exercise in 2013. Yang was in charge of the maintenance as the political and warfare director of the 499th Tactical Fighter Wing of the Air Force. He initially judged that it was a system failure.
December 1, 2018, Yang assumed post as Superintendent of the Air Force Academy and served until July 31, 2020. Since August, Yang took over as the Deputy Chief of the General Staff for Intelligence (DCGS/Intelligence) of the Ministry of National Defense, and was promoted to Lieutenant General of the Air Force in December.
On February 23, 2022, the General Staff Headquarters announced that Yang Jingse replaced Luo Der-Min as Director of the Military Intelligence Bureau, and took office on March 1.
# Cabezuela del Valle

Cabezuela del Valle is a municipality in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 2173.