OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Riverdale Monument

The Riverdale–Spuyten Duyvil–Kingsbridge Memorial Bell Tower or Riverdale Monument is a memorial tower in Bell Tower Park located in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. It was completed on September 17, 1930 to commemorate World War I veterans from the neighborhoods of Riverdale, Spuyten Duyvil, and Kingsbridge. The plaque attached to the memorial lists the names of those Riverdale, Spuyten Duyvil, and Kingsbridge residence who served in World War I. In 1936, it was moved 700 feet south to make room for the Henry Hudson Parkway which it now stands next to. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 3, 2012.

## Description

The 50 feet (15 m) tall and 17.5 feet (5.3 m) wide monument is located on West 239th street between Riverdale Avenue and the Henry Hudson Parkway. It was designed by Dwight James Baum for the Riverdale American Legion Post and built by John Zambetti, Inc. It is made of fieldstone and Indiana limestone and is estimated to weigh 500 tons. In the tower is a 1762 Spanish bell which had been made for a Mexican monastery. General Winfield Scott captured this bell during the Mexican War and brought it back to New York City where it resided in the Jefferson Market and a Riverdale firehouse before it was installed in the newly constructed tower.
# Barry Field

Barry John Anthony Field (born 4 July 1946) is a British former Conservative politician. He was elected Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight at the 1987 general election, gaining the seat from the Liberal Party. He remained the Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight until the 1997 general election, where he stood down after 10 years as a Member of Parliament.
# Bartholomew Beale

Bartholomew Beale (died 8 May 1674) was an English bureaucrat of the Commonwealth and Restoration periods.
Beale was the third son of Bartholomew Beale, of Walton, Buckinghamshire. His elder brother, Charles, was the husband of the portrait painter Mary Beale.
Educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, Beale was admitted to Gray's Inn on 18 June 1639. He obtained the reversion of the office of auditor of the imprests for life on 17 August 1641, and took up the post in 1650. A relative of Samuel Pepys by marriage, Beale appears several times in Pepys' diaries, and his methods seem to have met with approval:
   After dinner by coach with Sir G. Carteret and Sir J. Minnes by appointment to Auditor Beale's in Salisbury Court, and there we did with great content look over some old ledgers to see in what manner they were kept, and indeed it was in an extraordinary good method.
The office of auditor, which required Beale to examine the books of various officials who spent government money "on account", was a fairly lucrative one. With the emoluments from his employment, Beale was able to purchase Hopton Castle, Shropshire, which remained in the family for several generations. He also owned a house in Hatton Garden, London. On 8 May 1674, Beale died by suicide, "throwing himself downe in his frantick fitt" from the upper window of this house, much to the puzzlement of his contemporaries. His wife, the former Miss Hunt, survived him, as did two children, the eldest also named Bartholomew. He left them a large estate, and was in no financial difficulties at the time of his death.
# Chancellor (disambiguation)

Chancellor is a political title. it often refers to the following:
* Chancellor of Germany
* Chancellor of Austria
* Federal Chancellor of Switzerland
Chancellor may also refer to:

## Titles

* Chancellor (ecclesiastical), a church official
* Chancellor (education), a university official
* Chancellor (Masonic), an officer in some lodges of Freemasons
* Chancellor, a Presiding Judge in a Court of Chancery in the United States
* Supreme Chancellor, a fictional senate position in Star Wars. (see Palpatine)

## Places
### United States

* Chancellor, Alabama, an unincorporated community
* Chancellor, South Dakota, a town
* Chancellor, Virginia, an unincorporated community

### Canada

* Chancellor, Alberta, a hamlet
* Chancellor Peak, a mountain summit in British Columbia

## People

* Chancellor (surname)
* Chancellor (musician), an American musician based in South Korea
* Philip the Chancellor, French medieval composer

## Companies

* Chancellor Media Corporation, a media company acquired by Clear Channel Communications in 2000
* Chancellor Records, a record label
* Hotel Grand Chancellor, a hotel chain in Australia

## Others

* Chancellor (chess), a fairy chess piece
* Chancellor (grape), a hybrid grape variety
* Cessna Model 414 Chancellor
* Chancellor’s Pudding, a food
# Robert Strong Woodward House and Studio

The Robert Strong Woodward House and Studio is a historic property at 43 Upper Street in Buckland, Massachusetts. Built about 1850, it was the home and studio of prominent New England landscape artist Robert Strong Woodward from 1936 until his death in 1957. The property has been maintained virtually intact except for maintenance and minor alterations since his death. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

## Description and history

The Robert Strong Woodward property is located on the southern fringe of the village center of Buckland, on the east side of Upper Street, roughly opposite the Maj. Joseph Griswold House. The property is 16 acres (6.5 ha) in size, offering views across the local valley to the nearby hills. The property's built infrastructure includes a house, barn, and a number of once independent outbuildings which have been joined to the house. The outbuildings include a former blacksmith shop, chicken coop, and carriage house. Woodward's studio, located in the former blacksmith shop, is sited at the eastern end of the complex, where its southeast orientation affords good views.
The house was built about 1850 by Joseph Taylor, and is adorned with modest elements of Victorian Gothic trim. The property was purchased in 1883 by Henry Southwick, the town blacksmith. It was here that he (and afterward his son) carried on that business. In 1934 Robert Strong Woodward purchased the property. Woodward, a paraplegic due to an accident with a revolver when he was 21 years old. He made significant changes to the property to accommodate his wheelchair, moving the chicken coop to close a gap between the house and the blacksmith shop. The blacksmith shop and carriage house were moved a short distance to be directly next to each other, and the barn was moved from the south side of the house to the north, in order to provide an unobstructed view down the valley. In fact, moving the barn and chicken coop gave the entire south side of the house, from his bedroom to studio balcony a vantage point from which to paint. The studio has been maintained in virtually the same condition since Woodward's death in 1957 by the recipient of his estate.
# Robert Tynes House

Robert Tynes House, also known as Tynes Plantation, is a historic plantation house located near Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Virginia. The house was built in 1750 and is a two-story, three-bay, Georgian style brick dwelling with a gambrel roof. The interior features a center-passage single-pile plan. Also on the property are the contributing garden and well, smokehouse / frame shed, and kitchen foundation. In 1802, its owner Timothy Tynes granted manumission of his 81 slaves and the division of his 4,000 acre estate primarily to his slaves.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
# Benjamin Burleigh

Benjamin Burleigh (1820 – 1876) was an English civil engineer. He was born in Oxford on 24 May 1820.

## Career

He started work at age 15 and had carried out many large parish surveys by age 19. He then made drawings and designs for bridges on the Eastern Counties Railway under George Landmann and John Braithwaite. From about 1845, he worked on the construction of the East Lincolnshire Railway and, from 1849, on the construction of the Great Northern Railway between London and Peterborough. His designs included an aqueduct over the Regent's Canal and the viaduct at Peterborough.
In 1853, he made drawings for an underground railway from King's Cross, London to the Mansion House but the scheme did not come to fruition. From 1862 to 1863 he supervised the construction of the Bristol Port Railway. After this, he supervised the construction of the East London Railway through the Thames Tunnel. In 1872 he was appointed Southern Division Architect at the York office of the North Eastern Railway, where he remained until his death.

## Family life

In 1847, he married Georgiana Curtis. Their third son Alfred Benjamin, born 1853, also worked for the North Eastern Railway. In 1885, Alfred Benjamin Burleigh married Louisa, a daughter of the artist Edwin Moore.

## Death

Benjamin Burleigh died at his home in Priory Street, York, on 25 April 1876.
# Opuntia rzedowskii

Opuntia rzedowskii, also known as Rzedowski's prickly pear, is a species of prickly pear cactus in the family Cactaceae.
Opuntia rzedowskii was described by Léia Scheinvar in 1976. However, many older descriptions were accounted for the same species, but under a different taxonomic name in the early 1900s.
It is native to central Mexico, specifically throughout parts of Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, State Of Mexico, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Zacatecas, with most online observations being recorded in the outskirts of Mexico City.
It grows primarily in the dry shrub-land zone of Mexico, where it is found among grassy environments, such as hillsides or prairies.
Opuntia rzedowskii was originally assigned under Opuntia lasiacantha, until further research revealed a morphological difference between the two species, hence making Opuntia rzedowskii its own official taxon.
# Bill Bruce (athlete)

Theodore William Bruce (28 July 1923 – 1 August 2002) was an Australian athlete who mainly competed in the men's long jump. He represented Australia at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, where he won the silver medal in his specialty.
Competition in the long jump was particularly keen at the London Games. Willie Steele of the U.S. won the gold medal at 25' 8"; Theo Bruce came in second, taking the silver medal at 24' 9.5". Herb Douglas captured the bronze with a jump of 24' 9", and Lorenzo Wright of the United States ended up fourth at 24' 5.25". Bruce also competed as a member of the Australian 4 × 100 m relay team which did not qualify for the final.
# Mavlet Batirov

Mavlet Alavdinovich Batirov (Russian: Мавлет Алавдинович Батиров, born December 12, 1983) is a Russian freestyle wrestler, world and two-time Olympic champion, who competed in the men's freestyle 55 kg category at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won the gold medal.
In April 2006, he became the 60 kg European champion in Moscow, .
In September 2007 in Baku, he won the World Championship at 60 kg.
In August 2008, in Beijing, Batirov won his second Olympic gold medal competing in the 60 kg weight class.
Mavlet Batirov's younger brother Adam Batirov is also a freestyle wrestler (European Champion) who is currently representing Bahrain.
# Bhushan Patel

Bhushan Patel (born in Mumbai, India) is a Bollywood film director, actor and cinematographer, best known for directing the horror movies 1920: Evil Returns, Ragini MMS 2 and Alone.

## Personal life

Bhushan Patel is a Gujarati. His father was a cameraman. Patel studied at Jamnabai Narsee School and lived at Vile Parle next to Vikram Bhatt, another director he became friends with.

## Filmography
### As director

* Lipstick (co-director)
* Aathvaan Vachan
* Dwarkadheesh: Bhagwaan Shree Krishn (TV Series) (episode director)
* 1920: Evil Returns
* Ragini MMS 2
* Alone
* Time Machine
* Amavas
* Thok De Haseena

### As Cinematographer

* Gunehgar
* Dastak (as Bhooshan Patel)
* Bambai Ka Babu (as Bhooshan Patel)
* Tamanna (as Bhooshan Patel)
* Kartoos
* Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan (as Bhooshan Patel)

### As actor

* Phir Teri Kahani Yaad Aayee
* Junoon
# Wilson Mukama

Wilson Mukama is a Tanzanian CCM politician and former Secretary General of Chama Cha Mapinduzi.
# Roberts House (Reading, Massachusetts)

The Roberts House is a historic house at 59 Prospect Street in Reading, Massachusetts. The two-story house is basically Colonial Revival in character, but also exhibits Craftsman style features, including extended eaves with exposed rafter ends, stucco walls, and a chunky entrance portico. The window above the entrance is a Shingle style band of three casement windows, and there is a hip-roof dormer in the roof above. The house is one of Reading's better examples of Craftsman architecture, and was built in 1911, during a building boom on the town's west side.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Richard Combe (MP)

Richard Combe (?1728-1780), of Earnshill House, near Langport, Somerset, was a British politician.

## Biography

Combe was a member (MP) of the parliament of England for Milborne Port 7 April – 22 May 1772 (replaced on petition 1772 by George Prescott and for Aldeburgh 1774 – 1780.
# Martin Dausch

Martin Dausch (born 4 March 1986) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bayernliga club TSV Kottern.

## Career

Dausch signed with MSV Duisburg on 11 January 2015.
For the 2017–18 season, he moved to 1. FC Saarbrücken.
Dausch retired from professional-level football in 2019.
# Walker Creek (Michigan)

Walker Creek, also known as the Walker River,[citation needed] is a 12.0-mile-long (19.3km) stream in Isabella County, Michigan, in the United States. It is a trout stream; the main trout species is the brook trout. The river also supports a small population of suckers.[citation needed] The stream is fairly small and of variable depth. Its shore is difficult to access because of the thick vegetation growing along the river. The stream rises in northwest Isabella County and flows southeast into the Lake of the Hills and the Coldwater River.
# Ram Krishna Bantawa

Ram Krishna Bantawa (Nepali:रामकृष्ण वान्तवा) is a Nepalese author, writer and lyricist. He is best known for his novel Saghan Tuwanlo (Nepali:साघन तुवाँलो) (which was translated to English as Shrill Mist), and Aamalai Chitthi.
Bantawa is a diasporic novelist, he has spent the majority of his life in Hong Kong. Most of his books were written while he was outside the country, reflecting a blend of his experiences in Hong Kong while maintaining a deep connection to Nepali culture, traditions, and society. He was also invited as Chief Guest under the organization of Charu Sahitya Pratishthan, a book launch and Teej special program among authors from Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur held at Kavya Hall of Hotel Hardik

## Early life

Ram Krishna Bantawa was born on 1 January 1967(Nepali: बि.सं. १७ पुष २०२३) as the youngest son to father Pancham Bantawa and mother BhadraSara Bantawa in Khotang District Nepal.

## Works

Saghan Tuwanlo (Nepali:साघन तुवाँलो) is Bantawa's famous Novel published in 2008. His novel focuses on the courage, love and injustice of two women's.The novel spans the period from Nepal's first constitution in 1846 to the murder of King Birendra in 2001. His Novel has been translated to English by Nara Devi Rai as "Shrill Mist".
Bantawa's first novel Kharani(Nepali:खरानी) was published in 1988. Atma (Nepali:आत्मा) followed in 1996, Radha Ram(Nepali:राधा राम) in 1997 and Ama Chhori (Nepali:आमाछोरी) in 1998.
Bhag Ek (Part 1), a book of modern songs, appeared in 1995, followed by Bhag Dui (Part 2) in 1998. His first album, Dhuwa(Nepali:धुवा),was produced in 1998.
Bantawa's drama Ashiskshya ko pratiphal(Nepali:अशिक्ष्या को प्रतिफल ) was published in 1995.
In 1999 his short epic, Mayajaal (Nepali:मायाजाल) a poetry collection was published.
In 2005, Bantawa's folk, contemporary and pop album Aavaa (Nepali:आभा), sung solo by the Nepali singer Abha Mukarung, brought stardom to the singer in Nepal among which Kata Hideko was famous.
Aawaz, an album dedicated to peace, featured Bantawa's lyrics with music composed by Nagendra Shrestha and sung by Bikal Pardhan and Abha Mukarung. Aawaz album included songs like " Kunai Phool jasto Lagyo", "Aawaj Sanga" etc.
In 2019 Bantawa's Novel Aamalai Chitthi (Nepali:आमालाई चिठी) was published. His Novel is being translated to English by Dr. Devi Panthi .
In 2020 During COVID-19 pandemic, Bantawa's Nepali song sung by Nepali singer composer CL Sharma along with Mahesh Silpakar and Suresh Chand was dedicated to all people to fight against the virus.
In 2023 Bantawa's Nepali Song 'Hamro Maya', a song dedicated to all the lover's to love their loved one's unconditionally with no boundaries, featured Bantawa's Lyrics composed by Singer-Composer CL Sharma and sung by Mahesh Silpakar and Melina Rai.
# Chasing the dragon

"Chasing the dragon" (CTD) (traditional Chinese: 追龍; simplified Chinese: 追龙; pinyin: zhuī lóng; Jyutping: zeoi1 lung4), or "foily" in Australian English, refers to inhaling the vapor of a powdered psychoactive drug off a heated sheet of aluminium foil. The moving vapor is chased after with a tube (often rolled foil) through which the user inhales. The "chasing" occurs as the user gingerly keeps the liquid moving in order to keep it from overheating and burning up too quickly, on a heat conducting material such as aluminium foil.
Another use of the term "chasing the dragon" refers to the elusive pursuit of a high equal to the user's first in the use of a drug, which after acclimation is no longer achievable. Used in this way, "chasing the dragon" can refer to any recreational drug administered by any means.

## History

The practice of smoking low grade heroin via heating on tin-foil first originated in Hong Kong in the late 1950s, and thereafter spread to other parts of Southeast Asia during the 1960s, Western Europe during the late 1970s, and to the Indian sub-continent during the 1980s. A report published in 1958 by the Government of Hong Kong stated that since syringes were difficult to obtain in the colony, local addicts bought street deals of crude heroin (often mixed with powdered barbiturates) weighing approximately 0.126 grams for HK$2 each, which was then vaporized on tin-foil while the consumer inhaled the rising smoke through a cardboard tube. The use of common materials for consumption of the drugs allowed the addict to quickly dispose of the evidence if they detected the police nearby, and also allowed them to forgo carrying incriminating objects on their person (such as pipes or syringes).

## Risks
### Lung cancer from natural talc

Talc is an excipient often used in pharmaceutical tablets. Also, illicit drugs that occur as white powder in their pure form are often cut with cheap talc. Natural talc is cheap but contains asbestos while asbestos-free talc is more expensive. Talc that has asbestos is generally accepted as being able to cause lung cancer if it is inhaled. The evidence about asbestos-free talc is less clear, according to the American Cancer Society.

### Smoke inhalation

It is always harmful to expose the lungs to any kind of smoke or heated vapor.

#### Heroin

Inhaling heroin appears to rarely lead to toxic leukoencephalopathy. There are also documented cases of both severe acute asthma and exacerbation of underlying asthma caused by heroin inhalation, potentially resulting in death.
* Drug pipe
* One-hitter (smoking)
* Opium pipe
# 1981 Irian Jaya earthquake

Shortly after midnight local time on January 20 (January 19, UTC), 1981, eastern Indonesia was struck by an earthquake known as the 1981 Irian Jaya earthquake. Registering a moment magnitude of 6.7, it killed more than 300 people, damaging structures and buildings across the Irian Jaya province. Indonesia is highly active in terms of seismicity and volcanic eruptions, with a subduction zone and many faults. It is neighbored by several tectonic plates. Such earthquakes pose a significant threat to life in the area through earthquakes and also tsunamis.

## Geology

Indonesia, one of the most seismically active places in the world, hosts hundreds of islands, many with volcanoes. It is an island arc, composed by a subduction zone (in the Sunda Trench) and islands. Unlike most subduction zones, the Sunda Trench is parallel to the chain of islands to which it corresponds, creating strike-slip faulting. Indonesia itself is surrounded by multiple tectonic plates – namely the Pacific, the Southeast Asia lithospheric, and the Indo-Australian plates – causing it to be a so-called hotspot for both seismic and volcanic activity. The epicenter was in Papua Province, in the Irian Jaya Province. The orientation and type of faulting is uncertain, due to a poorly constrained focal mechanism but is thought to have been a reverse fault.

## Damage and casualties

Spawning enormous landslides, the earthquake left at least 305 people dead and more than 1,000 missing. Entire villages were covered by debris. It was described as "strong" by The New York Times. The earthquake caused huge landslides, which cascaded into the villages below the mountains, destroying more than 150 homes. The debris from these flows blocked transportation by road, "cutting off more than 2,000 area residents". Relief efforts took several days.

## Future threats

Indonesia is known for deadly earthquakes, primarily the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, which killed more than 227,000 people. Earthquakes along the subduction zone at Sunda and on the Great Sumatran fault pose a serious threat to life, especially in the form of tsunamis. A 2005 study found that stress on at least these two zones was at a heightened level, and both have been active. The Sunda Trench zone has since produced the 2006 Pangandaran earthquake and tsunami, while the Great Sumatran fault has not produced an earthquake since the 2004 event.