OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robertson Paper Company Complex

The Robertson Paper Company Complex was a historic industrial facility on Island Street in Bellows Falls, Vermont. It consisted of a collection of mostly-interconnected factory and related buildings, built between c. 1890 and c. 1960 by various paper-related companies. It was occupied and enlarged by the Robertson Paper Company between 1907 and its failure in 1987, at which time it was the longest-lived paper company in the state. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It was demolished in 2018-19 as a Brownfields Economic Revitalization Alliance (BERA) project, with federal, state, and local funding.

## Description and history

The former Robertson Paper Company plant was located near the center of the island formed by the Connecticut River to the east and the Bellows Falls Canal to the west. The main factory, an interconnected group of eight structures, was located on the east side of Island Street, with the town's main rail yard to the north and the former Bellows Falls Co-operative Creamery Complex to the east. The building had long frontage along Island Street, which slopes downhill toward the rail yard, where a basement story was exposed. This northern section housed the company offices, which were accessed through entrances at the basement level. The southern end of the factory, which sported a monitor roof, was its main manufacturing area. Additional sections extended the building north and east, and included one section housing a freight elevator to bring goods down to the level of the rail yard.
The oldest portion of the complex, its main manufacturing area, was built about 1890 by C.W. Osgood and Son, a maker of papermaking machinery. Successors to this firm enlarged the premises, and were eventually merged into the Robertson Paper Company in 1907. Robertson was founded in 1881, and was at first engaged in the manufacture of tissue paper in a plant at the southern end of the island. It expanded into the manufacture of waxed paper, and was, at the time of its acquisition of this plant, one of the nation's largest manufacturers of that product. The firm remained in business at this site, under a variety of names and ownerships, until 1987, when it succumbed to bankruptcy. It was at that time the longest continuously operational paper company in the state.
# Robertson-Easterling-McLaurin House

Robertson-Easterling-McLaurin House is a historic home located near Bennettsville, Marlboro County, South Carolina. It was built about 1790, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, timber frame I-house dwelling. It has a brick pier foundation and exterior gable end chimneys. It was the home of John Lowndes McLaurin (1860-1934), a former United States Congressman and Senator in the early-20th century.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
# Zaspa

Zaspa (Polish pronunciation: ; German: Saspe ) is one of the quarters of Gdańsk, Poland, located in the northern part of the city. It is divided into two administrative districts: Zaspa-Młyniec and Zaspa-Rozstaje.
Zaspa was founded on a place previously occupied by an airport. The concrete airstrip of the airport was not dismantled, and now forms the axis of the district.
Zaspa buildings are mainly high-rise condominiums (between 4 and 12 stories high) erected in the early 1980s and additional thermal isolation in the form of styrofoam sheets was applied in the early 2000s. In the following years the buildings were also painted in pastel colours.

## History

As part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland it was a private church village of the Cistercian Monastery in Oliwa, administratively located in the Gdańsk County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
During World War II, on October 5, 1939, the Germans carried out an execution of 39 Poles, defenders of the Polish Post Office in Gdansk, in the district. There are memorials to the defenders at the site of the execution and at the site of their former mass grave, which was discovered in 1991. The defenders were then officially buried at the cemetery of victims of Nazi Germany in Zaspa in 1992.
During the Solidarity times, Lech Wałęsa had an apartment on Zaspa. The pope John Paul II visited the district on 12 June 1987 during his third pilgrimage to Poland.

## Sights

The Park Zaspa is one of the largest public parks in Gdańsk, and the large cemetery of victims of Nazi Germany is also located in Zaspa.

## Transport

The Gdańsk Zaspa railway station is located in Zaspa.

## Religion

Catholic churches of Saint Casimir and of Divine Providence are located in Zaspa.

## Gallery

* Murals in Zaspa (examples):
* Mural to the National Armed Forces
* Mural to the No. 303 Squadron RAF
# Isara glabra

Isara glabra is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

## Distribution

Endemic to Australia, NSW to south WA.
# Robincroft

Robincroft is a historic mansion in Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.. It was built in 1908 for Thomas M. Robinson, the owner of the Robinson McGill Carriage Company, a baby carriage company. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 10, 1978.
# Kinkala

Kinkala is a town and a commune located in southeastern Republic of the Congo. It is the capital city of Kinkala District and the Pool Department. Its population was 23,413 in 2023, the date of the country's last official census.

## Notable people

* Cecile-Ivelyse Diamoneka (born 1940), poet and teacher
* Abel Thauley-Ganga (born 1920), Congolese trade unionist and politician
# Palestine–Switzerland relations

Switzerland–Palestine relations refer to foreign relations between Switzerland and the State of Palestine. The Swiss government does not recognize the existence of a Palestinian state.
Switzerland has a representative office in Ramallah.

## History

Before 1948, Switzerland was represented in The British Mandate of Palestine by a consulate in Jerusalem and a consular agency in Jaffa, which was specifically opened in 1927. In 1975, the Palestine Liberation Organization opened an office in Geneva. The Palestinian President made an official visit in March 2015. He then met with the President of the Swiss Confederation, Simonetta Sommaruga to discuss the Palestinian reconciliation. In January 2022, Switzerland announced its abandonment of the Geneva Initiative and declared the need to redefine its Middle East strategy.
In 2020, Swiss national Philippe Lazzarini was appointed head of United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA).
In November 2023, Switzerland stopped funding 11 human rights organization in Israel and Palestine in response to Hamas's attack on Israel on 7 October. Ignazio Cassis, Minister of Foreign Affairs, announced the creation of a taskforce on the Middle East headed by Maya Tissafi. Switzerland maintained contact with Hamas and does not classify it as a terrorist organization. It also informs Israel of its ties with Hamas. Parts of Switzerland banned pro-Palestinian protests.
Following the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Switzerland banned Hamas. It announced further bans on people supporting or funding Hamas would be enacted. Switzerland also announced the complete stopping of funding for three NGOs under review but continued fundings for eight others. The Swiss parliament voted to stop funding to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). It was passed by the lower house but blocked by the upper house.
# William Robert Sykes

William Robert Sykes (1840–1917) was a British engineer from London, known for his work in railway signalling and other safety devices. He is noted for the invention of the Sykes 'Lock and block' interlocking system of points and signals.

## Career

Born in London in April 1840, Sykes obtained a job with the Electric and International Telegraph Company in the Strand, at the age of 14. He was interested in clocks, and his knowledge of clockmaking became blended with his knowledge of the electrical telegraph. In 1861 he moved to Shepherds, an electric clock & chronograph maker and in 1863 he joined the London Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) under the telegraph superintendent, Mr Ruddall. He became interested in railway safety and by 1865 he had introduced three significant advances in this field. These were: an electrical repeater, showing the position of signals out of sight of the signalman; an automatic recording device showing what block signals had been sent and received, and a short length of track circuiting at Brixton. In 1872 he devised a scheme where trains on the District Railway automatically turned signals to red as they passed them.

### Lock and block

In 1874 Sykes approached James Staats Forbes with a scheme to interlock the signals and points of three successive LCDR signal boxes in outer London. This proved to be a success and resulted in his patented system known as 'lock and block'. From 1875 the Board of Trade began to commend the new system in its Railway Accident Reports and so it was gradually adopted by other British Railways. In 1882 the system was first installed in the USA where it was known as the 'controlled manual blocking system.' The system was also used in Russia and Japan.
Sykes also devised an electro-mechanical method of working points and signals which was tried out at Penge tunnel.

### 1899–1917

At the formation of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway in 1899, Sykes retired from the railway and formed the W.R. Sykes Interlocking Signal Company. The company became part of the Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company Ltd after Syke's death in 1917.
# Waryong Park

Waryong Park (Korean: 와룡공원; Hanja: 臥龍公園) is a park in Myeongnyun-dong [ko], Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It was founded in 1984. It is adjacent to the mountain Bugaksan. The park is so named because it resembles a dragon (용/룡; yong/ryong) laying down.
The park was renovated in 2023, with safety railing and additional flora installed in the park.
# Dioscorea elephantipes

Dioscorea elephantipes, the elephant's foot or Hottentot bread, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Dioscorea of the family Dioscoreaceae, native to the dry interior of South Africa.

## Description

It is a deciduous climber. It takes the name "elephant's foot" from the appearance of its large, partially buried, tuberous stem or caudex, which grows very slowly but often reaches a considerable size, often more than 3 m (10 ft) in circumference with a height of nearly 1 m (3 ft 3 in) above ground. This tuber can weigh as much as 700 pounds (318 kilograms). It is rich in starch, whence the name Hottentot bread, and is covered on the outside with thick, hard, corky plates.
Primarily a winter grower, it develops slender, leafy, climbing shoots with dark-spotted, greenish-yellow flowers in winter (May or June in habitat) The flowers are dioecious, with male or female flowers occurring on separate plants.

## Distribution

Its natural habitat is the arid inland regions of the Cape, stretching from the centre of the Northern Cape (where it occurs around Springbok), south to the Clanwilliam & Cederberg area, and eastwards through the districts of Graaff Reinet, Uniondale and Willowmore, as far as Grahamstown.
It was recently rediscovered in a section of the Northern Cape Province by an expedition collecting seeds for the Millennium Seed Bank Project.
In this area, it is most common on rocky north & east-facing slopes, in quartz or shale based soils.

## Cultivation

This species is not difficult to cultivate, however it requires extremely coarse, well-drained soil, and sparse watering. Importantly, it is deciduous and loses its leaves in the summer. At this time it goes through a dry dormancy period. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

### Watering

This species indicates when it is requiring water, by the presence of green growth. From when a new growth appears from the thick stem (caudex), it can receive regular watering, up until the growth withers and dies back. This is when the plant goes into its summer dormancy. Then watering should become more rare – until the next new growth appears.
The cycle can be extremely unpredictable or erratic, but in most cases this results in a watering regime of wetter winter and spring, and a dry summer dormancy period.

### Sun and shade

In nature, the caudex is usually in shade beneath thicket vegetation, and only the leafy tendrils reach up to the sunlight. Therefore, the caudex is sensitive to prolonged exposure to heat and full sunlight, and a dappled-sun or semi-shaded position is preferable. The green vine tendrils however, thrive if they are able to reach partial or full sunlight.

### Soil

This plant grows naturally in brush on rocky slopes, so it requires extremely well-drained soil, with a large (at least 50%) mineral component.

### Temperatures

In cultivation in temperate areas, D. elephantipes can tolerate temperatures to −4 °C in habitat.

## Gallery

* Large tuberous stem
* Leaves
* Flowers
# 2015 in Trinidad and Tobago

Events in the year 2015 in Trinidad and Tobago.

## Incumbents

* President: Anthony Carmona
* Prime Minister: Keith Rowley
* Chief Justice: Ivor Archie

## Events

* 2015 Trinidad and Tobago general election

## Deaths

* 5 January – Martin Joseph, 65, Minister of National Security (2003–2010), drowned.
* 15 January – Raoul Pantin, 71, journalist, playwright, and screenwriter (Bim), survivor of the Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt.
* 21 January – Emmanuel Carter, 85, President of the Senate (1990–1995), acting President (1990) during the Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt.
* 18 August – Russell Henderson, 91, Trinidad and Tobago-born jazz musician.
* 11 December – Altaff Mungrue, 81, Trinidad and Tobago-born English cricketer.
* 18 December – Carl Furlonge, 83, Trinidad and Tobago cricketer.
# Under a Violet Moon

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Under a Violet Moon is the second studio album by the group Blackmore's Night, released May 25, 1999. Under a Violet Moon won the New Age Voice award for the best vocal album of the year.

## Personnel
### Blackmore's Night

* Ritchie Blackmore – guitars, mandolin, bass, Renaissance drums, tambourine
* Candice Night – vocals, pennywhistle

### Guest musicians

* John Ford – vocals, bass on #07, background vocals on #01 & 10
* Miri Ben-Ari – violin on #04 & 11
* Peter Rooth – bass on #01 & 16; drum programming on #07 & 08
* Mick Cervino - additional bass on #04
* Kevin Dunne – drums
* Mike Goldberg - military drum on #03
* Adam Forgione - additional keyboards on #04
* Jens Johansson – keyboards on #01, 04, 07 & 15
* Jeff Glixman, Roy McDonald - additional keyboards
* Jason Chapman - trumpet and flugelhorn on #08
* Thomas Roth - bagpipes, backing vocals on #10
* Albert Danneman - bagpipes, backing vocals on #10
* Albrecht Schmidt-Reinthaler - harpsichord on #10
* Jost Pogrzeba - percussion on #10
* Christof Heus - trumpet on #10
* Adolf Lehnberger - trombone on #10
* Gell Spitz - trumpet on #10
* Rolf Spitz - trombone on #10
* Mark Pender - trumpet
* Mr. & Mrs. Heller - hurdy-gurdy
* Scott Hazell, Sue Goehringer, John Gould, Trish - backing vocals

## Charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 20 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 13 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 16 |
# John Moses (Norwegian politician)

John Moses (16 April 1781 – 29 January 1849) was a Norwegian merchant who served as a representative at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814.
John Moses was born in Kristiansund in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. He belonged to a merchant family of British descent who had settled in Kristiansund to conduct the trade of large-scale fish exports. John Moses was one of Kristiansund's leading businessmen. He ran an export and import business, together with a shipping company. From the 1820s, he was living in London, where he ran the shipping business, conducting trading in a number of European countries.
He represented Kristiansund at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814. He advocated policies that would benefit the business community. He supported the union party (Unionspartiet).
John Moses was married to Anna Holck Tordenskjold (1782–1854) with whom he had seven children. He died in the Parish of St Anne's Limehouse, at the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in London, England.
# Cativa process

The Cativa process is a method for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol. The technology, which is similar to the Monsanto process, was developed by BP Chemicals and is under license by BP Plc.$^{:293–307}$ The process is based on an iridium-containing catalyst, such as the anionic complex diiododicarbonyliridate(i) [Ir(CO)$_2$I$_2$]$^−$ (1).
The Cativa and Monsanto processes are sufficiently similar that they can use the same chemical plant. Initial studies by Monsanto had shown iridium to be less active than rhodium for the carbonylation of methanol. Subsequent research, however, showed that the iridium catalyst could be promoted by ruthenium, and this combination leads to a catalyst that is superior to the rhodium-based systems. The switch from rhodium to iridium also allows the use of less water in the reaction mixture. This change reduces the number of drying columns necessary, decreases formation of by-products, such as propionic acid, and suppresses the water gas shift reaction.
The catalytic cycle for the Cativa process, shown above, begins with the reaction of methyl iodide with the square planar active catalyst species (1) to form the octahedral iridium(III) species (2), the fac-isomer of [Ir(CO)$_2$(CH$_3$)I$_3$]$^−$. This oxidative addition reaction involves the formal insertion of the iridium(I) centre into the carbon-iodine bond of methyl iodide. After ligand exchange (iodide for carbon monoxide), the migratory insertion of carbon monoxide into the iridium-carbon bond, step (3) to (4), results in the formation of a square pyramidal species with a bound acetyl ligand. The active catalyst species (1) is regenerated by the reductive elimination of acetyl iodide from (4), a de-insertion reaction.$^{:94–105}$ The acetyl iodide is hydrolysed to produce the acetic acid product, in the process generating hydroiodic acid which is in turn used to convert the starting material (methanol) to the methyl iodide used in the first step.
# Myoxanthus

Myoxanthus (from Greek for "dormouse" and "flower") is a genus of orchids with about 50 species, widely distributed in Central and South America. This genus is a close ally of Pleurothallis.
The genera Chaetocephala Barb.Rodr., Dubois-Reymondia H.Karst., Duboisia H.Karst., and Reymondia H.Karst. & Kuntze have been included in Myoxanthus.
# Black Joke (ship)

Several ships have borne the name Black Joke, after an English song of the same name.

## Slave ship

* Black Joke (1720 ship), made three voyages as a slave ship between 1764 and 1767.

## Naval vessels

* HMS Black Joke (1827), the captured slave ship Henriquetta, commissioned in 1827, was employed in suppressing the slave trade and deliberately burnt as no longer serviceable in 1832 on orders from London.
* Hired armed cutter Black Joke was a hired armed cutter of ten 6-pounder guns and 98+86⁄94 tons (bm) that served from 12 January 1795 to 19 October 1801. In 1799 she was renamed Suworow (or Suwarrow or Soworrow). Reportedly she burned in 1802.
* Hired armed lugger Black Joke was a hired armed lugger of ten 12-pounder carronades and 108+92⁄94 tons (bm) that entered naval service on 22 May 1808. On 1 July 1810 the French captured Black Joke in the Channel.
These two hired vessels may have been the same. In his narrative of his voyages in the Mediterranean between 1810 and 1814, Charles Robert Cockerell reports that the lugger was an old vessel, having been at the Battle of Camperdown, which is consistent with the earliest mentions of the cutter.

## Other ships

* Burla Negra ("Black Joke") was the ship of the pirate Benito de Soto.
* "Black Joke" was also a nickname for the English privateer Liverpool Packet, that operated during the War of 1812, capturing 50 American vessels.
* Furthermore, there was a lugger Black Joke that received a letter of marque on 5 May 1801. She was of 25 tons burthen, had two 2-pounder guns and was under the command of Captain Phillip Dupont.

## Citations

* ↑ Winfield (2008), p.388.
* 1 2 Winfield (2008), p.394.
* ↑ Cockerell (1903), p.2.
* ↑ "Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815"; p.53 Archived 9 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
# Battle of Kirkuk (2015)

The Battle of Kirkuk took place in the city of Kirkuk in northern Iraq between Kurdistan and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. On the night of January 29, around 150 ISIL fighters attacked positions south and west of the city of Kirkuk, Iraq, which were temporarily under the control of the Peshmerga. The ISIL offensive began under the cover of dense fog and succeeded in overwhelming Peshmerga positions and seizing the towns of Mala Abdullah, Maryam Beg, Tel Ward and the Maktab Khalid crossing. Parts of the Khabbaz oil fields were also captured, taking 24 workers hostage. At least 25 Peshmerga fighters died including Brig. Gen. Sherko Shwani, commander of the 1st Brigade and the highest ranking head of Peshmerga forces in Kirkuk. Gen. Sherko Shwani was killed after being trapped and shot by attackers, according to another Peshmerga commander. Around 16 other Peshmerga fighters were captured by ISIL, and later killed in a staged execution.
The next day, another senior Peshmerga commander, Gen. Hussein Mansour, commander of the 2nd combat support units in the Kirkuk region was killed by sniper fire while leading an attack against Mala Abdullah village. The Khabbaz oil fields were also retaken by Peshmerga troops. However ISIL fighters set fire to some of the oil wells before it was cleared. Kurdish forces retook 8 villages from ISIL.
# Bourguiba initiative

Bourguiba initiative was an initiative to end the Arab–Israeli conflict announced on 2 July 1973 by Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba. It stipulates that Israel accepts the principle of the partition of Palestine, in accordance with UN General Assembly Resolution 181 of 1947. The demarcation of the border between the Arab states and Israel, through negotiations. And the establishment of a Palestinian state. In response to the initiative, the Jordanian government announced its absolute rejection of Bourguiba's remarks and the severing of diplomatic relations with Tunisia.

## Initiative

Bourguiba said in a speech about the initiative: "There are two peoples, fighting over one land. And I say, why can't we imagine Palestine being divided between Palestinians and Israelis? Of course, every people will sacrifice something. For their part, the Israelis abandon the territories they occupied by force of arms and retain what the United Nations granted them in 1947 under Partition Resolution 181."
Three days after the launch of the initiative, the Beiruti newspaper An-Nahar published an interview with Bourguiba explaining his new initiative and ideas on resolving the conflict with Israel. He spoke about the roots of the conflict and how to address its issues, especially the issue of an independent Palestinian state and the issue of the return of refugees. Bourguiba proposed that this state be on the territory granted by the partition resolution to the Arabs, in addition to the east bank of the Jordan River, the area under Hashemites rule. "There is nothing in history called Transjordan., Britain has divided the desert part of Palestine, along with its tribes, and named it east of Jordan."

## Reactions

* The Jordanian National Union, the pro-monarchy political organization founded in 1971 in the wake of the Black September issued an official statement on 7 July 1973. It described Bourguiba's initiative and remarks as "diluting and wasting the Palestinian right to their land and the homeland, from participating and uniting the effort to liberate the usurped homeland, to searching for an alternative area, where the victims of this aggression will settle."