# La Trinidad, Benguet

La Trinidad, officially the Municipality of La Trinidad (Ilocano: Ili ti La Trinidad; Tagalog: Bayan ng La Trinidad), is a municipality and capital of the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 137,404 people.
The town is known for its strawberry fields, earning the title "Strawberry Fields of the Philippines".
The municipality is within the Metro Baguio area. The town's name comes from the Spanish phrase for "The Trinity."

## History
### Spanish period

The valley encompassing La Trinidad was originally called "Benguet", a thriving community of Ibaloi migrants from Tinek. Natives traded local products, which included gold, with nearby lowland towns that had Dominican and Augustinian missions established. At around 1616, the procurator general of Manila, Hemando de los Rios Coronel, became interested in the mountains' gold and proposed to expedite its search to the Spanish king. He wrote both Alonso Fajardo, the Governor of Manila, and the Archbishop of Manila in December 1618 that it was the solution to both the abandoned missions as well as the depleted colonial treasury. Fajardo requested feedback from the religious orders on this matter; whether waging a war against the Igorots was just. Only the Jesuits objected with the war, preferring only that their "mines be occupied in the name of his Majesty".
In 1620, Fajardo sent the first expedition under Captain Garcia Aldana y Cabrera, Governor of Pangasinan. Aldana and his men took the route from Aringay, crossing the Naguilian River to Duplas (La Union), then followed the Bornotan (Santo Rosario) River eventually reaching Takdian. Upon arriving at the mining community of Bua, the men found only a recently burned village, suggesting the natives fled with nothing for them to plunder. Aldana examined the Antamok mines and was able to gather some gold.
A second expedition was sent in 1623 under the command of Sergeant Major Antonio Carreño de Valdes. Carreño was able to repel some Igorot assaults, building two forts; 'Fort Santiago' overlooking the present Santo Nino mines, and 'Fort del Rosario' in the Antamok-Itogon area. The Igorots submitted to Spanish authorities only to strike back when the rainy season made it difficult to send manpower and new supplies, prompting the Spaniards to retreat.
Finally, in 1624, Fajardo sent Captain Alonso Martin Quirante, a master of strategy, logistics and tactics. In February of that year, Quirante took off with a huge expedition of 1,903 soldiers, carpenters, miners, smiths, slaves, clerks and some requisite clergy. He divided his large force into three; the first to clear the road, the second to follow, and the third with rations and arms. This ensured they would reach the mining area after clearing out an Igorot fort along the way. Quirante was able to reach the mining areas, and discovered about two hundred abandoned houses, implying the locals fled beforehand. He rebuilt Fort Santiago, and examined five mines; four of which showed signs of having been abandoned by the Igorots: Arisey Bugayona, Baranaban, Antamog, and Conog. The fifth mine called Galan was still operational. Quirante ordered baskets of ore gathered from each mine, labeled and ready for assaying. The results showed no evidence of deposits rich enough to yield attractive profit, prompting Quirante to return to Manila with 400 baskets of ore to be sent to Mexico for further assaying.
Meanwhile, the Real Audiencia had become concerned at the expense of the project which had already cost 33,982 pesos. Don Geronimo Silva took over the government, convening the council to decide on the issue. The Real Audiencia decided to abandon the project because of mounting expenses, loss of life and the continued hostility of the Igorots and their land.
In 1829, another expedition was sent to Benguet under Guillermo Galvey.
Although the District of Benguet was established in La Trinidad by 1846, it was only on April 21, 1874, under Commandant Manuel Scheidnagel, that "Valle de Benguet" was renamed "Valle de La Trinidad" (La Trinidad Valley). Despite popular acceptance that it was named as "a fitting tribute to Galvey’s wife - Doña Trinidad de Galvey" – recent research has revealed that credit should have probably gone to Scheidnagel, having been inspired by the three prominent adjacent hills (in effect, forming a Trinity: a religious icon of the Christian campaign) overlooking the Poblacion church, where the seat of government, the Cabecera, was established.
Together with 40 other smaller surrounding rancherías, La Trinidad was placed under the jurisdiction of the newly established Benguet commandancia politico-militar in 1846 and was established as its administrative headquarters during the Spanish Conquest of the Philippines.

### American period

During the Philippine Revolution, in July 1898, Filipino revolutionary forces under the Ibaloi chieftain Juan Cariño and Pedro Paterno liberated La Trinidad from the Spaniards and took over the government, proclaiming Benguet as a province of the new Philippine Republic, with La Trinidad as its capital.
In 1900, the American colonizers arrived, and La Trinidad was established as one of the 19 townships under the Benguet province upon the issuance of Act No. 48. For a brief period, Baguio became the capital of Benguet when appointed Benguet province civil governor H.P. Whitmarsh moved the seat of government from La Trinidad to Baguio in 1901. La Trinidad was made the provincial capital again in 1909 after the Baguio township was abolished and converted into a chartered city.

### Second World War

On May 3, 1945, Filipino soldiers of the 66th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL liberated La Trinidad.

### Modern history

La Trinidad was transformed into a full-fledged town from its former status as municipal district by virtue of Republic Act No. 531, approved June 16, 1950.
On June 23, 2016, La Trinidad was highlighted in the media when the first and largest community artwork in the Philippines, the STOBOSA Hillside Homes Artwork was unveiled, featuring hillside houses within the sitios of Stonehill, Botiwtiw and Sadjap of Barangay Balili painted with sunflower and abstract designs.

## Geography

La Trinidad is located at 16°28′N 120°35′E﻿ / ﻿16.46°N 120.59°E﻿ / 16.46; 120.59, at the central portion of Benguet. It is bounded by Tublay on the north-east, Sablan on the west, Baguio on the south, Itogon on the southeast, and Tuba on the south-west.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 70.04 square kilometres (27.04 sq mi)  constituting 2.53% of the 2,769.08-square-kilometre- (1,069.15 sq mi) total area of Benguet.
The terrain is generally mountainous with springs, rivers and creeks. The town has a valley which encompasses several barangays. The valley floor elevation is at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level. Elevation ranges from 500 to 1,700 metres (1,600 to 5,600 ft) above sea level.
The Balili River is the municipality's main water drainage which carries upstream water from the Sagudin River in Baguio. The river merges with another upstream river in Tuel upon reaching the La Trinidad-Tublay-Sablan tri-point.
La Trinidad proper is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Baguio proper and 255 kilometres (158 mi) from Manila.

### Climate

Climate data for La Trinidad, Benguet :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12 (54) | 12 (54) | 14 (57) | 16 (61) | 17 (63) | 16 (61) | 16 (61) | 16 (61) | 16 (61) | 15 (59) | 14 (57) | 12 (54) | 15 (59) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15 (0.6) | 16 (0.6) | 24 (0.9) | 33 (1.3) | 102 (4.0) | 121 (4.8) | 177 (7.0) | 165 (6.5) | 144 (5.7) | 170 (6.7) | 56 (2.2) | 23 (0.9) | 1,046 (41.2) |
| Average rainy days | 6.3 | 6.6 | 9.5 | 12.8 | 20.6 | 23.5 | 25.4 | 23.4 | 23.2 | 21.4 | 14.0 | 8.2 | 194.9 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||
La Trinidad has a dry-winter subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwb), featuring a menacing wet season.
La Trinidad belongs under the Type I climate by the Coronas System of classification with distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season lasts from November to April, while the wet season occurs during the rest of the year. The climate is cool, with temperatures ranging from 11.7 °C (53.1 °F) during the month of December at its coldest and 23.2 °C (73.8 °F) at its warmest during the months of March, April and May. The average daily temperature is 18.55 °C (65.39 °F), and its wind velocity is 1.43. During the rainiest month of August, the rainfall average is 850.70 millimetres (33.492 in).

### Barangays

La Trinidad is politically subdivided into 16 barangays., with 11 classified as urban and 5 as rural. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
As of 2015, the most populous is Pico with 23,282 people, while Bineng, with 1,624 people, has the least. Wangal is the largest in terms of land area, while Cruz is the smallest. Balili was the most densely populated, and Bineng was the least. Bineng has the most number of sitios, while Betag has the least with only 4.
| | Barangay | Class | Etymology | Historical component of | Area | Population (2015) | Density (2015) | No. of sitios |
| 16°28′16″N 120°35′57″E﻿ / ﻿16.4712°N 120.5991°E﻿ / 16.4712; 120.5991﻿ (Alapang) | Alapang | Rural | Ibaloi: Adafang – "powdery substance from limestone" | Alno (until 1967) | 2.01 km$^2$ (0.78 sq mi) | 4,477 (3.5%) | 2,200/km$^2$ (5,700/sq mi) | 5  Alapang Proper Camp Dangwa Dapiting Ettong Samoyao |
| 16°29′09″N 120°35′35″E﻿ / ﻿16.4859°N 120.5931°E﻿ / 16.4859; 120.5931﻿ (Alno) | Alno | Rural | Alno – local term for a medicinal dipterocarp tree in the area | Bahong | 9.58 km$^2$ (3.70 sq mi) | 2,883 (2.2%) | 300/km$^2$ (780/sq mi) | 13  Bekes Central Alno Conig Doakan Induyan Mati-e Obudan Ongasan Payew Peril Riverside Roadside Taytay |
| 16°26′12″N 120°36′17″E﻿ / ﻿16.4368°N 120.6047°E﻿ / 16.4368; 120.6047﻿ (Ambiong) | Ambiong | Urban | Ibaloi: Ambiongan – "Black Carpet Bees" found in the rolling hills and forests | Eastern Pico (until 1948) | 3.42 km$^2$ (1.32 sq mi) | 7,149 (5.5%) | 2,100/km$^2$ (5,400/sq mi) | 7  Botiwtiw Central Ambiong Gulon Paltingan Parapad Riverside Upper Ambiong |
| 16°28′07″N 120°36′27″E﻿ / ﻿16.4686°N 120.6075°E﻿ / 16.4686; 120.6075﻿ (Bahong) | Bahong | Urban | Ibaloi: Pesjohong (or naydihong) – "hollow or bowl like" | Tacdian | 6.58 km$^2$ (2.54 sq mi) | 5,188 (4.0%) | 790/km$^2$ (2,000/sq mi) | 5  Anoding Central Bahong Ma-e Sadag Tomay |
| 16°27′00″N 120°35′41″E﻿ / ﻿16.4500°N 120.5947°E﻿ / 16.4500; 120.5947﻿ (Balili) | Balili | Urban | Ibaloi: Badili – a type of grass abundant in the area | Pico | 1.19 km$^2$ (0.46 sq mi) | 18,962 (14.7%) | 16,000/km$^2$ (41,000/sq mi) | 11  Botiwtiw Cabanao Central Balili Little Flower Luboc Mamaga Pinespark Sadjap/ Bell Church Stonehill Tabangaoen Tebteb |
| 16°26′11″N 120°37′48″E﻿ / ﻿16.4364°N 120.6300°E﻿ / 16.4364; 120.6300﻿ (Beckel) | Beckel | Urban | — | Pico | 9.51 km$^2$ (3.67 sq mi) | 3,918 (3.0%) | 410/km$^2$ (1,100/sq mi) | 13  Bakong Balangbang Busi Cawat Central Beckel Gongel Lamut Linusod Marlboro Obulan Pagal Peril Sapsing |
| 16°29′00″N 120°34′02″E﻿ / ﻿16.4832°N 120.5672°E﻿ / 16.4832; 120.5672﻿ (Bineng) | Bineng | Rural | Nabneng – local term characterizing the natural damming by the Danao River | Disdis (present-day Sablan) | 8.25 km$^2$ (3.19 sq mi) | 1,624 (1.3%) | 200/km$^2$ (520/sq mi) | 16  Alumit Aminit Bacca Balangabang Bodiweng Botilao Central Bineng Cojuran Corus Hilltop Japos Kagiskis Nawal Nayuno Shalushan Suwi |
| 16°27′15″N 120°35′18″E﻿ / ﻿16.4543°N 120.5884°E﻿ / 16.4543; 120.5884﻿ (Betag) | Betag | Urban | Betag – a flat land area characterizing the terrain | Pico (until the 1950s) | 1.57 km$^2$ (0.61 sq mi) | 9,747 (7.5%) | 6,200/km$^2$ (16,000/sq mi) | 4  Zone 1 (IA) Zone 2 (IB) Zone 3 (IC) Zone 4 (ID) |
| 16°27′55″N 120°35′34″E﻿ / ﻿16.4653°N 120.5927°E﻿ / 16.4653; 120.5927﻿ (Cruz) | Cruz | Urban | Spanish: Cruz – Cross | Alapang (until 1971) | 0.56 km$^2$ (0.22 sq mi) | 3,721 (2.9%) | 6,600/km$^2$ (17,000/sq mi) | 7  Atta Baa-yan Kangas Lower Cruz Oliweg Samoyao Upper Cruz |
| 16°26′39″N 120°35′57″E﻿ / ﻿16.4441°N 120.5992°E﻿ / 16.4441; 120.5992﻿ (Lubas) | Lubas | Urban | Ibaloi: Dubas – "red clay" abundant in the area | Pico | 2.40 km$^2$ (0.93 sq mi) | 6,159 (4.8%) | 2,600/km$^2$ (6,700/sq mi) | 6  Guitley Inselbeg Lubas Proper Pipingew Rocky Side 1 Rocky Side 2 |
| 16°26′41″N 120°35′19″E﻿ / ﻿16.4446°N 120.5886°E﻿ / 16.4446; 120.5886﻿ (Pico) | Pico | Urban | Ibaloi: Piho – "pick mattock" inhabitants used to flatten the hilly land | — | 3.29 km$^2$ (1.27 sq mi) | 23,282 (18.0%) | 7,100/km$^2$ (18,000/sq mi) | 8  Balangabang Bayabas Cogcoga Dreamland-Piripin Bato Km. 4 Km. 5 Shamolog Toyong |
| 16°27′44″N 120°35′16″E﻿ / ﻿16.4621°N 120.5877°E﻿ / 16.4621; 120.5877﻿ (Poblacion) | Poblacion | Urban | Spanish: Poblacion – the site of the old Spanish Presidencia | Benget | 1.05 km$^2$ (0.41 sq mi) | 13,196 (10.2%) | 13,000/km$^2$ (34,000/sq mi) | 5  Central Buyagan Eastern Buyagan Town Proper Upper Kesbeng Western Buyagan |
| 16°26′50″N 120°34′34″E﻿ / ﻿16.4471°N 120.5761°E﻿ / 16.4471; 120.5761﻿ (Puguis) | Puguis | Rural | — | Pico (until the 1950s) | 10.22 km$^2$ (3.95 sq mi) | 9,038 (7.0%) | 880/km$^2$ (2,300/sq mi) | 7  Ampasit Buhao Guadayan Lamtang Longlong Proper Puguis Wayside |
| 16°27′49″N 120°37′25″E﻿ / ﻿16.4637°N 120.6236°E﻿ / 16.4637; 120.6236﻿ (Shilan) | Shilan | Urban | Shalan – local term for "the way to and from" | Tacdian | 7.51 km$^2$ (2.90 sq mi) | 4,833 (3.7%) | 640/km$^2$ (1,700/sq mi) | 8  Balukas Cavanao Jappa Pagal Sabdang Sagpawe Shilan 1 Shilan 2 |
| 16°27′20″N 120°36′06″E﻿ / ﻿16.4556°N 120.6018°E﻿ / 16.4556; 120.6018﻿ (Tawang) | Tawang | Urban | Kankanaey: Tawang – "catching birds through the use of fire inside the cave" or Ibaloi: Tayawan – "tayaw" ritual inside the Tawang caves | parts of Pico, Alapang and Shilan | 2.48 km$^2$ (0.96 sq mi) | 9,014 (7.0%) | 3,600/km$^2$ (9,300/sq mi) | 6  Banig Boted Central Tawang Dengsi Papasok Tayawan |
| 16°27′28″N 120°34′12″E﻿ / ﻿16.4577°N 120.5701°E﻿ / 16.4577; 120.5701﻿ (Wangal) | Wangal | Rural | Ibaloi: Vangal – Ibaloi term attributed to the river | — | 11.16 km$^2$ (4.31 sq mi) | 5,942 (4.6%) | 530/km$^2$ (1,400/sq mi) | 5  Gayasi Lower Wangal Sadjatan Talinguroy Upper Wangal |
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## Demographics

In the 2020 census, La Trinidad had a population of 137,404. The population density was 2,000 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,200/sq mi).

### Languages

The residents of La Trinidad speak Ibaloi and Kankanaey. Ilocano is also used as a lingua franca in the municipality.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of La Trinidad
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 2006 1.60
* 2009 5.42
* 2012 1.65
* 2015 2.06
* 2018 2.30
* 2021 7.11
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
La Trinidad supplies most of the Philippines' strawberries and cut flowers, which include roses. The La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post is visited by wholesalers and traders of vegetables from other provinces. The presence of the Benguet State University in the municipality serves as a boost to agricultural research and development in the region.
The town landed on the Guinness Book of World Records for baking the world's largest strawberry shortcake, at 21,213.40 pounds (9,622.24 kg), at the La Trinidad Strawberry Festival on March 20, 2004.
Its proximity to the city of Baguio attracts tourists, primarily to the strawberry fields in the valley, and lesser to the Benguet Provincial Capitol and the Rose Gardens of barangay Bahong.

## Government
### Local government

La Trinidad, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Benguet, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

### Elected officials

Members of the Municipal Council (2019–2022) :
| Position | Name |
| Congressman | Nestor B. Fongwan Eric G. Yap (since January 20, 2020) |
| Mayor | Romeo K. Salda |
| Vice-Mayor | Roderick C. Awingan |
| Councilors | Nestor T. Fongwan Jr. |
| Councilors | Jayson C. Dangwa |
| Councilors | Renato B. Tereng |
| Councilors | Guiller A. Galwan |
| Councilors | John G. Botiwey |
| Councilors | Arthur M. Shontogan |
| Councilors | Francis A. Lee |
| Councilors | Teddy C. Walang |

## Education

La Trinidad, aside from the adjacent city of Baguio, is the center of higher education in Benguet province.

### Public schools

As of 2014, La Trinidad has 23 public elementary schools and 7 public secondary schools.
The main campus of Benguet State University, the first university in the province, is located in the municipality.
Elementary (2013-2014) :
| School | Barangay |
| Alapang-Camp Dangwa Elementary School | Alapang |
| Alno-Kadoorie Elementary School | Alno |
| Ambiong Elementary School | Ambiong |
| Bahong Elementary School | Bahong |
| Balili Elementary School | Balili |
| Balukas Elementary School | Shilan |
| Beckel Elementary School | Beckel |
| Benguet SPED Center | Wangal |
| Bineng Elementary School | Bineng |
| Bodiweng Elementary School | Bineng |
| Buyagan Elementary School | Poblacion |
| La Trinidad Central School | Poblacion |
| Lamtang Elementary School | Puguis |
| Lamut Elementary School | Beckel |
| Longlong Elementary School | Puguis |
| Lubas Elementary School | Lubas |
| Pagal Elementary School | Shilan |
| Pico Elementary School | Pico |
| Puguis Elementary School | Puguis |
| Tacdian Elementary School | Shilan |
| Talinguroy Elementary School | Wangal |
| Tawang Elementary School | Tawang |
| Wangal Elementary School | Wangal |
Secondary (2013-2014) :
| School | Barangay |
| Benguet National High School | Wangal |
| Benguet National High School - Alno Annex | Alno |
| Benguet National High School - Bineng Annex | Bineng |
| Benguet National High School - Puguis Annex | Puguis |
| Cordillera Regional Science High School | Wangal |
| Eastern La Trinidad National High School | Beckel |
| La Trinidad National High School | Lubas |

### Private schools

There are 11 private schools according to the Department of Education - Schools Division of Benguet.
* BVS Colleges
* Cordillera Career Development College
* HML International College
* H.O.P.E. Christian Academy, Inc.
* King's College of the Philippines
* Little Flower Children's Home Foundation
* Northskills Polytechnic College, Inc.
* Philippine College of Ministry
* Philippine Nazarene College
* Rainbow Mission International Academy, Inc.
* San Jose School of La Trinidad, Inc.
* Star Colleges

## Notable personalities

La Trinidad is the burial place of:
* Deodato Arellano (1844–1899), a Filipino patriot and one of the founders of the Katipunan.

## Sister cities
### Local

* Danao, Bohol
* Quezon City

### International

* Hitachiōta, Ibaraki, Japan
* Jincheon County, South Korea
* Laemrung, Thailand
* Minamimaki, Nagano, Japan
* Miyako, Iwate, Japan
* Tamuning, Guam, USA