OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polioptila

Polioptila is a genus of small insectivorous birds in the family Polioptilidae. They are found in North and South America.
The genus Polioptila was introduced by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1855. Although he listed several members, he did not specify a type species. This was designated by the American ornithologist Spencer Baird in 1864 as Montacilla caerulea, Linnaeus, now the blue-grey gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea. The name of the genus combines the Ancient Greek words πολιος polios "grey" and πτιλον ptilon "plumage".
The genus contains 18 species:
| Image | Common Name | Scientific Name | Distribution |
| - | Rio Negro gnatcatcher | Polioptila facilis | north of upper Rio Negro |
| - | Guianan gnatcatcher | Polioptila guianensis | Guiana Shield |
| | Slate-throated gnatcatcher | Polioptila schistaceigula | Chocó–Magdalena |
| - | Para gnatcatcher | Polioptila paraensis | southern Amazonia |
| - | Iquitos gnatcatcher | Polioptila clementsi | Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve (Peru) |
| | Inambari gnatcatcher | Polioptila attenboroughi | south of the upper Amazon and west of the Madeira River |
| | Marañón gnatcatcher | Polioptila maior | Marañón valley |
| | Tropical gnatcatcher | Polioptila plumbea | Central and northern South America |
| | Creamy-bellied gnatcatcher | Polioptila lactea | southern Atlantic Forest |
| | Masked gnatcatcher | Polioptila dumicola | central/eastern South America |
| | Cuban gnatcatcher | Polioptila lembeyei | coastal Cuba |
| | Yucatan gnatcatcher | Polioptila albiventris | northern Yucatán Peninsula |
| - | White-browed gnatcatcher | Polioptila bilineata | southern Mexico to central Peru |
| | Blue-grey gnatcatcher | Polioptila caerulea | central/southern North America |
| | Black-tailed gnatcatcher | Polioptila melanura | deserts of southwestern USA and northern Mexico |
| | California gnatcatcher | Polioptila californica | Baja California peninsula |
| | Black-capped gnatcatcher | Polioptila nigriceps | western Mexico |
| | White-lored gnatcatcher | Polioptila albiloris | southwestern Mexico and Central America |
* Rio Negro gnatcatcher, Polioptila facilis – split from P. guianensis
* Guianan gnatcatcher, Polioptila guianensis
* Slate-throated gnatcatcher, Polioptila schistaceigula
* Para gnatcatcher, Polioptila paraensis – split from P. guianensis
* Iquitos gnatcatcher, Polioptila clementsi – described in 2005
* Inambari gnatcatcher, Polioptila attenboroughi – described in 2013
* Marañón gnatcatcher, Polioptila maior – split from P. plumbea
* Tropical gnatcatcher, Polioptila plumbea
* Creamy-bellied gnatcatcher, Polioptila lactea
* Masked gnatcatcher, Polioptila dumicola
* Cuban gnatcatcher, Polioptila lembeyei
* Yucatan gnatcatcher, Polioptila albiventris
* White-browed gnatcatcher, Polioptila bilineata – split from P. plumbea
* Blue-grey gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea
* Black-tailed gnatcatcher, Polioptila melanura
* California gnatcatcher, Polioptila californica
* Black-capped gnatcatcher, Polioptila nigriceps
* White-lored gnatcatcher, Polioptila albiloris
# Nikolay Tsed

Nikolay Grigorievich Tsed (Russian: Николай Григорьевич Цед; born 10 October 10, 1959, Ozery, Babruysk District) is a Russian political figure, deputy of the 8th State Duma.
Tsed worked as a researcher at the Military Institute of Physical Culture. Later, he started working at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health. From 1994 to 1997, Tsed was the coach of the Saint Petersburg hand-to-hand combat team. From 2010 to 2012, Tsed was the Deputy Governor of the Kostroma Oblast Igor Albin. On April 23, 2013, Tsed was appointed the Head of the Administration of the Primorsky District. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

## Sanctions

He was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 4 January 1998

Algerian massacres in 1998 :
Massacres in which over 50 people were killed: :
| Wilaya of Relizane massacres | 4 January |
| Sidi-Hamed massacre | 11 January |
| Oued Bouaicha massacre | 26 March |
| Baloul massacre | 2 September |
| Tadjena massacre | 8 December |
← 19971999 → :
vte :
The Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 4 January 1998 took place in three remote villages around Oued Rhiou about 150 miles (240 km) west of Algiers, during the Algerian conflict of the 1990s. At least 172 villagers were killed in a single day of Ramadan:
* at Had Chekala, no residents survived; more than thirty guerrillas burned the village down afterwards
* at Remka, initial reports claimed 117 killed; in 2006, Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia declared that the true toll had been 1000, and that the government had "hid[den] the truth because you don't go into battle proclaiming defeat." A survivor told La Tribune "One pregnant woman had her fetus cut out and slaughtered."
* at Ain Tarik, an unknown number were killed
The massacres were attributed to the GIA, and had been preceded some days before by the Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 1997. They provoked mass population flight from the afflicted area. The population of Ramka, for instance, dropped from 9,200 in 1990 to 5,215 in 1998. They also led to international condemnation and calls for an independent investigation.
# Chris Warner (comics)

Chris Warner (born 1955) is an American comic book writer, artist, and editor for Dark Horse Comics. He worked extensively on their mid-1990s line of Comics' Greatest World and Dark Horse Heroes. Warner has also worked sporadically for other companies, such as DC Comics and Marvel Comics.

## Career

Warner illustrated several comics based on the Predator franchise and came up with the idea for an Aliens vs. Predator crossover. He is listed as the creator of Barb Wire and the developer of the setting of Steel Harbor for these lines. His work on this line includes writing and penciling the mini-series Barb Wire: Ace of Spades (#1–4), penciling issues #10–12 of X, being the image illustrator (i.e., the visual creator) of characters like Ghost and is given creator credit on Wolf Gang, Pit Bulls and Motorhead. He also worked on Will to Power (issues #4–6 as writer & #10–12 as penciler) and the second volume of Ghost, on which he acted as writer and later co-writer for the majority of that title's run. Warner later became a senior editor for Dark Horse.
# Rubí rebelde

Rubi Rebelde is a 1989 Venezuelan telenovela produced by Radio Caracas Televisión based on the radionovelas La gata and Enamorada by Cuban author Inés Rodena. This version was written by Carlos Romero, Perla Farías, María Antonieta Gómez and Boris Izaguirre. This telenovela lasted 172 episodes and was distributed internationally by RCTV International.
Mariela Alcalá and Jaime Araque starred as the main protagonists with Yajaira Orta (then Dalila Colombo), Adolfo Cubas y Inés María Calero as the main antagonists.

## Synopsis

The slums held no apparent future for Rubi, a young girl abandoned and exploited. Victor lives on the other side of town from Rubi. A minor accident brings them together, sparking an instant attraction. Víctor's family is torn by secret ambitions and bitterness. His mother is an angry woman full of resentment. She battles a hostile relationship with Victor's paternal grandmother, who controls the family's wealth. Victor's brother, with his villainous ideas and evil notions, is much like his mother. His younger sister, the sweet Virginia, is blind. Victor is outstanding, both kind and warmhearted, and Rubi is induced by him to enter the family home. His concern is misinterpreted by Rubi as love for her. To make matters worse, Rubi is despised by Victor's mother. His grandmother, however, finds her charm and innocence touching. To avenge her spiteful daughter-in-law, the grandmother changes her will to name Rubi sole benefactor. Now potentially wealthy, Rubi is thrust into an unknown world, one in which she will again be compelled to fight to survive.

## Cast

* Mariela Alcala as Rubi
* Jaime Araque as Víctor Alfonso Miranda
* Ricardo Herranz as Francisco
* Alejandro Delgado as Reynaldo Itturralde
* Maria Teresa Acosta as Leonor Miranda
* Haydee Balza as La China
* Joana Benedek as Zoraida
* Jose Daniel Bort as Tilico
* Inés María Calero as Gladys
* Yajaira Orta+Dalila Colombo as Lucrecia de Miranda
* Adolfo Cubas as Nelson
* Isabel Herrera as Macorina
* Ileana Jacket as Carolina
* Adelaida Mora as Virginia
* Frank Moreno as Sabatino
* René Muñoz as Padre Martin
* Jorge Palacios as Leonardo
* Carolina Perpetuo as Ana María
* Rosario Prieto as Dorila
* Victoria Roberts as Meche
* Marcelo Romo as Felix
* Carlota Sosa as Carmela
* Vicente Tepedino as Fabián
* Maria Bosco as Giustina(Hermina)
* Alberto Marin as Emilio Castro

## Remake

Nathalie Lartilleux remade Rubi Rebelde in 2014 along with the 1970 Mexican telenovela La Gata into a new telenovela called La Gata , and Maite Perroni and Daniel Arenas starred as the protagonists.
# Lopez River

Lopez River is a river located near Chokoloskee, Florida. It is named after the pioneering Lopez family, who moved from Spain in 1873 to become one of the Everglades' first settling families. They later owned a cruise ship, the Star, that sailed the river and the other waterways of the Ten Thousand Islands.
# Buddhism in Estonia

Buddhism in Estonia is a small minority religion, held by about 0.2% of the population. However, between 2000 and 2021, the number of Buddhists in Estonia tripled.

## History

The emergence of Buddhism in Estonia is attributed to the early 20th century and associated with the names of Karl Tõnisson and his disciple Friedrich Lustig. Tõnisson was appointed by the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet as the first Buddhist Archbishop of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. He died in 1962 in Thailand after which he was declared a bodhisattva.
Another important figure who contributed to the development of Estonian Buddhism was the scholar and religious philosopher Uku Masing. He wrote a book about Buddhism and became the founder of the Estonian Oriental Society. Under his influence, the Estonian buddhologist Linnart Mäll was formed. He translated many sacred texts into Estonian, because although Buddhism, like other religions, was not welcomed by the authorities during Soviet Estonia, scientific research in this field was allowed.

## Statistics

According to Statistics Estonia, the Estonian government agency responsible for producing official statistics, in 2021, there were 1,880 Buddhists in Estonia (0.2%). Of these, 1,05 are male and 820 female. 1,280 are classified as city inhabitants, 100 as town inhabitants, and 500 as rural inhabitants.
Religious affiliations in Estonia, census 2000–2021 :
| Religion | 2000 | 2000 | 2011 | 2011 | 2021 | 2021 |
| Religion | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Christianity | 319,770 | 28.5% | 310,481 | 28.4% | 298,410 | 26.8% |
| Islam | 1,387 | 0.1% | 1,508 | 0.1% | 5,800 | 0.5% |
| Estonian Neopaganism | 1,058 | 0.1% | 2,972 | 0.3% | 5,630 | 0.5% |
| Buddhism | 622 | 0.1% | 1,145 | 0.1% | 1,880 | 0.2% |
| Other religions | 4,995 | 0.4% | 4,727 | 0.4% | 9,630 | 0.9% |
| No religion | 450,458 | 40.2% | 592,588 | 54.1% | 650,900 | 58.4% |
| Not stated | 343,292 | 30.6% | 181,104 | 16.5% | 141,780 | 12.7% |
| Total population | 1,121,582 | 1,121,582 | 1,094,564 | 1,094,564 | 1,114,030 | 1,114,030 |
| 1 2 The censuses of Estonia count the religious affiliations of the population older than 15 years of age. ↑ Mostly other modern Paganisms, with a smaller number of other Eastern religions and Theosophical movements. ↑ Comprises the categories "cannot define", "refuse to answer" and "religious affiliation unknown". |
# CLS (command)

In computing, CLS (for clear screen) is a command used by the command-line interpreters COMMAND.COM and cmd.exe on DOS, Digital Research FlexOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows and ReactOS operating systems to clear the screen or console window of commands and any output generated by them. It does not clear the user's history of commands, however. The command is also available in the DEC RT-11 operating system, in the open-source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and in the EFI shell. In other environments, such as Linux and Unix, the same functionality is provided by the clear command.

## History

The command is available in MS-DOS versions 2 (1983) and later. While the ultimate origins of using the three-character string CLS as the command to clear the screen likely predate Microsoft's use, this command was present before its MS-DOS usage, in the embedded ROM BASIC dialects Microsoft wrote for early 8-bit microcomputers (such as TRS-80 Color BASIC), where it served the same purpose. The MS-DOS dialects of BASIC written by Microsoft, BASICA and GW-BASIC, also have the CLS command as a BASIC keyword - as do various non-Microsoft implementations of BASIC such as Sinclair BASIC (1980), or BBC BASIC found on the BBC Micro computers (1981). The CLS command is also present in BASIC versions for Microsoft Windows, however this generally clears text printed on the form, rather than the whole window or controls on the form.
The command CLS has appeared as a clear screen command in many other BASIC dialects and command line interpreters, because of its familiarity through being included in MS-DOS.
The Software Link's PC-MOS includes an implementation of CLS. Like the rest of the operating system, it is licensed under the GPL v3.
DR DOS also includes an implementation of the CLS command.
# Mothers of Beslan

Mothers of Beslan (Russian: Матери Беслана) or Beslan Mothers' Committee (Russian: Комитет матерей Беслана) is a support and advocacy group of parents whose children were among the more than 1128 victims of the 2004 Beslan school hostage crisis in North Ossetia–Alania. The group is led by chairwoman Susanna Dudiyeva and as of 2006 has nearly 200 members. Marina Litvinovich, who helped to create the Mothers, runs the website.

## History

Mothers of Beslan was created February 25, 2005, in the aftermath of the hostage crisis as a response to what was seen as the incompetence and excessive force used by the security services during the rescue attempt. They are also investigating negligence and corruption of the North Ossetian leadership, notably the former president Alexander Dzasokhov, whose resignation was demanded by the group.
They are highly critical of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin for allegedly covering up the circumstances of the siege. According to the Mothers of Beslan the terrorists made use of weapons and supplies that had been pre-positioned in the school, suggesting it was an inside job by school employees or town officials. This version of the events strongly contradicts the official narrative. The group met with Putin in Moscow on September 1, 2005.
In 2005, about 30 members of Mothers of Beslan, led by Ella Kesayev, split to form a second group, the Voice of Beslan.
In September 2005, some members of Mothers of Beslan, including Dudiyeva, were involved in a debacle with the self-proclaimed healer and miracle-maker Grigory Grabovoy, who had promised he could resurrect their murdered children for a large sum of money. The group subsequently denounced Grabovoy as a fraud and a charlatan, and asserted that his actions were part of a campaign to discredit Mothers of Beslan. Grabovoy was officially indicted of fraud in April 2006. A group of parents left the organization, with some forming Voice of Beslan.
In July 2007, the Mothers of Beslan asked the FSB to declassify video and audio archives on Beslan, saying there should be no secrets in the investigation. with no response to the request. That month, the Mothers organization released a video tape that they had received anonymously, claiming that it proves Russian security forces started the massacre by firing rocket grenades on the besieged building. The film, apparently showing the prosecutors and military experts discussing the militant bombs and structural damage in the school in Beslan, had been kept secret by the authorities for nearly three years, until released by the Mothers, on September 4, 2007.
In September 2007, Taimuraz Chedzhemov, the lawyer representing the group in seeking to prosecute Russian officials over the massacre response, said he had pulled out of the case after receiving a death threat.
# 2020 Rot am See shooting

On 24 January 2020, six people were killed and two others were wounded in a mass shooting in Rot am See, Germany. One suspect, a 26-year-old German citizen, was arrested after reporting himself to the police.

## Shooting

The shooting either occurred inside a restaurant or inside a train station and a nearby house. The motive is suspected to be a family dispute. Three men and three women were killed, aged from 36 to 69. The victims were family members of the shooter, including his parents. The shooting happened around 12:45 local time (11:45 UTC). German authorities on Saturday increased their investigation into the motivation behind the shooting. Criminologist and criminal psychologist Rudolf Egg said that the shooter acted impulsively and explosively, ruling out the possibility that the attack was premeditated. The shooter had no prior criminal record. The shooter accused his mother of trying to "poison him with female hormones" and said that she "destroyed his life". There was no evidence supporting the shooter's claims. The shooter also claimed that his mother verbally abused him as a child and resented him for being born male since she wanted a second daughter instead.

### Victims

Three of the victims killed were men aged 36, 65 and 69, while the three others were women aged 36, 56 and 62. The police confirmed that two of the deceased were the suspect's parents.
Two other victims were alive and being treated in a local hospital, one with life-threatening injuries. Two people were found inside the house, and four people in front of it. The two injured victims were a man and a woman, whom the authorities said were "not locals." Officials were trying to determine what relationship they might have had to the suspect.
On the Saturday night after, citizens of Rot am See placed memorial candles for the victims in the place.

## Aftermath

The shooter was sentenced to 15 years in prison and placement in a psychiatric hospital.
# Tugaloo River

The Tugaloo River (originally Tugalo River) is a 45.9-mile-long (73.9 km) river that forms part of the border between the U.S. states of Georgia and South Carolina. It was named for the historic Cherokee town of Tugaloo at the mouth of Toccoa Creek, south of present-day Toccoa, Georgia and Travelers Rest State Historic Site in Stephens County, Georgia.
It is fed by the Tallulah River and the Chattooga River, which each form an arm of Lake Tugalo, on the edge of Georgia's Tallulah Gorge State Park. The Tugaloo flows out of the lake via Tugaloo Dam, passing into Lake Yonah and through Yonah Dam. The river ends as an arm of Lake Hartwell, as does South Carolina's Seneca River which is formed by the confluence of the Keowee River and Twelvemile Creek. Below Lake Hartwell, it is called the Savannah River.

## History

Competing state territorial claims to the river and its islands were settled with the Treaty of Beaufort in 1787, as interpreted in the two Georgia v. South Carolina cases before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1922 and 1989. The river is one of the boundaries of the Treaty of Hopewell and the Treaty of New York (1790).
The river's watershed is home to some of the most challenging whitewater in the Southeast, luring sport kayakers and canoeists from all over the country.
Cherokee, pioneer and antebellum history are being highlighted by developments of the Stephens County Foundation along the river. South of Yonah Dam was the former site of Estatoe, a historic Cherokee town. Tugaloo Bend Heritage Park is an 87-acre park established here to interpret this history. It is part of the Tugaloo River Historic Corridor that includes sites from later periods of history, extending south along the river to the former area of the historic Tugaloo town of the Cherokee.
The name of the river comes from Tugaloo (ᏚᎩᎷᏱ), a historic Cherokee town that was located along the river near the mouth of Toccoa Creek.
# Music of Shaanxi

Music of China :
Timeline :
General topics :
Instruments
Musicology
Orchestra :
Genres :
C-pop: (Cantopop, Mandopop, Hokkien pop)
Rock
Heavy metal
Hip hop
Opera :
Specific forms :
Taoist music
Yayue :
Media and performance :
Nationalistic and patriotic songs :
Regional music :
Anhui
Fujian
Gansu
Guangdong
Guangxi
Guizhou
Hainan
Hebei
Heilongjiang
Henan
Hong Kong
Hunan
Hubei
Inner Mongolia
Jiangsu
Jiangxi
Jilin
Liaoning
Macau
Northeast
Qinghai
Shandong
Shaanxi
Shanxi
Sichuan
Tibet
Xinjiang
Yunnan
Zhejiang :
vte :
Shaanxi is a province of China that has a long history of folk music. The Shaanxi Music and Dance Troupe has toured across the world; there is also a Shaanxi Provincial Song and Dance Ensemble that performs historical music from the Tang dynasty.
Qinqiang is the most well-known opera style from Shaanxi, said to date back to the Qin emperor during the Tang dynasty. Folk dances from Shaanxi include the tichangzi, Ansai waist drum dance and the grand yangko.
Shaanxi's folk songs include "Lan Huahua" (Blue Flower), and come in more than twenty styles, including most commonly xiaodiao and xintianyou (short, improvised pastoral songs). A folk singer from the province, He Yutang, was discovered Li Yarong, also a singer and sculptor and journalist; Yarong made a music video around one of Yutang's songs, and the result won second place in the Music Video Awards. Wang Xiangrong is the most widely known singer of Shaanxi folk music.
More recently, modern Chinese rock emerged from the Northwest Wind style folk song of Shaanxi.
# V6 News

V6 News is a Telugu news channel in the Indian state of Telangana, owned by VIL. It was launched in March 2012, and provides 24-hour news. It was founded by Ravi Ankam, who is its CEO and chief editor.

## History

V6 News Channel evolved during the Telangana statehood movement, addressing the need for comprehensive coverage of events about Telangana, and reflecting the state’s perspectives. Professor Padmaja Shaw, Department of Communication and Journalism, Osmania University, India, said in one of her articles how the Telangana perspective had limited representation prior to the launch of V6 channel and how the channel played a key role in spreading the Telangana viewpoint.

## Content

The channel telecasts news on politics and current affairs and focuses on reporting regional issues, local sentiments, and developments statewide. It has a reporting network in both Telugu states. It presents news, adhering to its motto, "News As It Is," and the standard of objectivity and fairness. Though it runs various programs, its flagship program, "Teenmaar Varthalu" (started on 1 Feb 2013), which presents news in the Telangana dialect, is widely recognized in the Telugu-speaking community and is later emulated by other Telugu News channels in the state too. The then Chief Minister K. Chandrasekhara Rao also mentioned V6 news channel's role in presenting and shaping up Telangana culture and its flagship program, Teenmar Varthalu. V6 News also produced various festival-related songs (Batukamma and Bonalu festivals) that depicted Telangana's cultural heritage and identity. It also gained recognition for initiatives, such as inviting a transgender for news reading in Telugu. The channel gradually grew in popularity and won the heart of Telangana people (Telangana Gunde Chappudu). Currently, the channel has millions of subscribers on platforms like YouTube, Facebook, and X.
V6 News also launched “Prabhata Velugu,” a Telugu newspaper on Oct 5, 2018.

## Awards

The channel has received several awards. Within nine months of its launch, it received national-level recognition bagging four National Television (NT) awards, given by Indian Television Pvt. Ltd and in its second year it received another seven NT awards.
It received a UNICEF award for children's programming.
Ravi Ankam, the founder of the channel, won the "Game Changer" award (2021) in recognition of his contribution to the South News Media.