# Disability Discrimination Act (Switzerland)

The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) is a Swiss federal law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. It also establishes the Federal Bureau for the Equality of Persons with Disabilities.
The law was adopted on 13 December 2002 by the Federal Assembly and came into force on 1 January 2004.

## Origin

In 1998, the federal popular initiative "Equal rights for people with disabilities" was launched and submitted on 14 June 14 1999. It demanded the anchoring of a new Article 4bis in the Swiss Federal Constitution to prohibit discrimination on the grounds of disability. In addition, it provided for an obligation on the part of the legislature to eliminate discrimination against people with disabilities.
At the same time, the Federal Assembly had approved two specific provisions on the equal treatment of persons with disabilities in article 8 of the total revision of the constitution. They were adopted together with the new constitution in the referendum of 18 April 1999, and entered into force on 1 January 2000. Article 8 paragraph 2 states: "No person may be discriminated against (...) because of a physical, mental or psychological disability".
To implement this legislative mandate, the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) was approved on 13 December 2002. It came into force on 1 January 2004. The popular initiative was rejected in a referendum on May 18, 2003

## Main provisions

The DDA contains requirements that make it easier for people with disabilities to participate in social life. It "has the purpose of preventing, reducing or eliminating discrimination against people with disabilities" (art. 1 par. 1). This prohibition of discrimination applies to publicly accessible buildings and facilities, to residential buildings with more than eight residential units, to businesses with more than 50 workplaces, to public transport, employment relationships under public law, and to services provided by the federal government, the cantons and concessionary companies, as well as to education.
The prohibition of discrimination can be enforced to the extent that the principle of proportionality is not violated. A balancing of interests must be carried out. In doing so, it must be examined whether the expected benefit for people with disabilities is greater than the economic expense, the interests of nature and heritage protection or traffic and operational safety.
The law does not require that private companies also take special measures to provide their services without discrimination against persons with disabilities. They are only prohibited from discriminating against people with disabilities. In such a case, affected persons or organizations of persons with disabilities may claim compensation up to a maximum of 5,000 Swiss francs.
It also provides for the possibility that the federal government may financially support projects to promote equality.

## Implementation

As of January 2023, critics claim that the implementation has not yet progressed as far as the law requires. Inclusion Handicap, the umbrella organization of disability organizations in Switzerland, therefore wants to push it forward with individual lawsuits.

## Bureau for the Equality of Persons with Disabilities

Article 19 establishes the Federal Bureau for the Equality of Persons with Disabilities, responsible for the financial support of projects in the field of disability equality. It examines, accompanies and evaluates the projects. The bureau provides information on the DDA, commissions analyses and studies in the field of equality and integration, and coordinates the activities of public bodies and private organizations active in this field.

## Ordinances

Three ordinances concretize the DDA:
* Disability Equality Ordinance of 19 November 2003 (SR 151.31)
* Ordinance on the Design of Public Transport for the Disabled of 12 November 2003 (SR 151.34)
* Ordinance on the technical requirements for the disabled-friendly design of public transport of 22 May 2006 (SR 151.342)