OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Apocrine

* Exocrine secretion viewtalkedit
* Merocrine or eccrine – by exocytosis
* Apocrine – by membrane budding (loss of cytoplasm)
* Holocrine – by membrane rupture
Apocrine (/ˈæpəkrɪn/) is a term used to classify the mode of secretion of exocrine glands. In apocrine secretion, secretory cells accumulate material at their apical ends, often forming blebs or "snouts", and this material then buds off from the cells, forming extracellular vesicles. The secretory cells therefore lose part of their cytoplasm in the process of secretion.
An example of true apocrine glands is the mammary glands, responsible for secreting breast milk. Apocrine glands are also found in the anogenital region and axillae.
Apocrine secretion is less damaging to the gland than holocrine secretion (which destroys a cell) but more damaging than merocrine secretion (exocytosis).
* Apocrine secretion
* Apocrine gland
* Histology of apocrine cells, H&E stain.

## Apocrine metaplasia

Apocrine metaplasia is a reversible transformation (metaplasia) of cells to an apocrine phenotype. It is common in the breast in the context of fibrocystic change. It is seen in women mostly over the age of 50 years. Metaplasia happens when there is an irritation to the breast (breast cyst). Apocrine-like cells form in a lining of developing microcysts, due to the pressure buildup within the lumen. The pressure build up is caused by secretions. This type of metaplasia represents an exception to the common rule of metaplasia increasing the risk for developing cancer in that apocrine metaplasia doesn't increase the possibility of developing breast cancer. Metaplastic apocrine cells belong to the category of oncocytes, which are a group characterized by abundant acidophilic, granular cytoplasm (from the Greek root onco-, which means mass, bulk).

## Apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ

Apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (ACDIS) is a very rare breast carcinoma which is regarded as a variant of the ductal carcinoma in situ breast tumors. ACDIS tumors have microscopic histopathology features that are similar to pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast tumors but differ from them in that they are completely localized, i.e. have not invaded nearby tissues or metastasized to distant tissues.

## Apocrine carcinoma

Apocrine carcinoma is a very rare form of female breast cancer. The rate of incidence varies from 0.5 to 4%. Cytologically, the cells of apocrine carcinoma are relatively large, granular, and it has a prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm. When apocrine carcinoma is tested as a “triple negative", it means that the cells of the patient cannot express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or HER2 receptor.
# Saxifraga duthiei

Saxifraga duthiei is a plant species that was first published in 1899 in the Bulletin of the French Botanical Society. It is also considered a synonym for Saxifraga oppositifolia subsp. oppositifolia. This plant is believed to be native to Baltistan and can be found growing at an altitude of approximately 3300 inches.
The leaves of Saxifraga duthiei are densely packed and grow in an opposite pattern. They are smooth, ovate in shape, and have an obtuse tip. The leaves are also keeled on the underside and have small pits on the upper surface. The flowers of this plant are pale pink and grow individually. The sepals are ovate and blunt, with sparse glandular hairs. The petals are narrow and obovate, about twice as long as the sepals. The filaments of the stamens are equal in length to the petals.

## Conservation status

Saxifraga duthiei is now extinct.
# Kosuke Kikuchi

Kosuke Kikuchi (菊地 光将, Kikuchi Kosuke, born December 16, 1985 in Koshigaya, Saitama) is a Japanese football player currently playing for Renofa Yamaguchi FC.

## Career statistics

Updated to 19 July 2022.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | League Cup | League Cup | AFC | AFC | | | Total | Total |
| 2008 | Kawasaki Frontale | J1 League | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 21 | 0 |
| 2009 | Kawasaki Frontale | J1 League | 22 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | – | – | 33 | 1 |
| 2010 | Kawasaki Frontale | J1 League | 23 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 29 | 0 |
| 2011 | Kawasaki Frontale | J1 League | 31 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 36 | 1 |
| 2012 | Omiya Ardija | J1 League | 33 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 42 | 2 |
| 2013 | Omiya Ardija | J1 League | 34 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 39 | 2 |
| 2014 | Omiya Ardija | J1 League | 21 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 27 | 5 |
| 2015 | Omiya Ardija | J2 League | 29 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 31 | 1 |
| 2016 | Omiya Ardija | J1 League | 27 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 33 | 2 |
| 2017 | Omiya Ardija | J1 League | 22 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 24 | 2 |
| 2018 | Omiya Ardija | J2 League | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 | 21 | 2 |
| 2019 | Omiya Ardija | J2 League | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| 2020 | Renofa Yamaguchi | J2 League | 19 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19 | 1 |
| 2021 | Renofa Yamaguchi | J2 League | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | 0 |
| 2022 | Renofa Yamaguchi | J2 League | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 345 | 16 | 20 | 3 | 31 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 403 | 20 |
# Bailley Brook

Bailley Brook is a 1.78 mi (2.86 km) long first-order tributary to Tunungwant Creek. It is the only stream of this name in the United States.

## Course

Bailley Brook rises about 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Limestone, New York in Cattaraugus County and then flows generally west to meet Tunungwant Creek about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Limestone, New York.

## Watershed

Bailley Brook drains 1.17 square miles (3.0 km$^2$) of area, receives about 43.9 in/year (112 cm/year) of precipitation, and is about 93.64% forested.
# Skug River

The Skug River is a 4.9-mile-long (7.9 km) river in North Andover, Andover, and North Reading, Massachusetts that constitutes part of the Ipswich River watershed. A popular etymology gives Skug as a misspelling of Skunk, however the name is more likely derived from the Abenaki skog, meaning snake.
The river arises from wetlands just south of Boston Hill in the Harold Parker State Forest, and flows mainly southwest to empty into Martin's Pond in North Reading. From there, Martin's Brook carries its waters onwards to the Ipswich River.
The river was dammed over 200 years ago for a sawmill and grist mill. Although the dam has since disappeared, the large stone walls of its millrace can still be seen in the Harold Parker State Forest and Andover Village Improvement Society Skug River Reservation, as can the old Jenkins Soapstone Quarry abutting the river.
# Mount Rudolf

Mount Rudolf is a 2,743-metre-elevation (8,999-foot) mountain in New Zealand.

## Description

Mount Rudolf is set on the crest or Main Divide of the Southern Alps and is situated on the boundary shared by the West Coast and Canterbury Regions of the South Island. This peak is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of Aoraki / Mount Cook and set on the boundary shared by Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park and Westland Tai Poutini National Park. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north to the Waiho River and south to the Tasman River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,040 metres (3,412 feet) above the Rudolf Glacier in two kilometres. The nearest higher peak is The Minarets, 1.66 kilometre to the east. The toponyms of the mountain and glacier were applied by Dr. Robert von Lendenfeld to honour Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (1858–1889), the son of Emperor Franz Josef.

## Climbing

The first ascent of the summit was made in January 1914 by Peter Graham and his wife, Elizabeth Muriel Graham. Their route was the Northeast Arête from Graham Saddle. The newlyweds had recently married on 1 October 1913.
Climbing routes with the first ascents:
* Dawes-MacInnes Buttress – Hamish MacInnes, D. Dawe – (1955)
* A Nice Affair – Don French – (1994)
* Big Day Out – FA party unknown – (1997)
* Right Gully (West Face)

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Rudolf is located in a marine west coast (Cfb) climate zone, with a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc) at the summit. Prevailing westerly winds blow moist air from the Tasman Sea onto the mountains, where the air is forced upwards by the mountains (orographic lift), causing moisture to drop in the form of rain or snow. This climate supports the Franz Josef and Rudolf glaciers surrounding the peak. The months of December through February offer the most favourable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
# South Branch Souhegan River

The South Branch of the Souhegan River is a 5.8-mile-long (9.3 km) river located in northern Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Souhegan River, which flows to the Merrimack River and ultimately to the Gulf of Maine.
The South Branch begins near Mount Watatic at the outlet of Stodge Meadow Pond in the town of Ashburnham, Massachusetts, and flows north through a chain of small lakes (Marble Pond, Ward Pond, and Watatic Pond) before turning northeast into the town of Ashby, Massachusetts. North of Ashby, the river enters New Ipswich, New Hampshire, passes through a small flood control reservoir, and joins the West Branch to form the Souhegan River, just north of the intersection known as "Gibson Four Corners".
# Aleksei Kapler

Aleksei Yakovlevich Kapler (also Alexei, Russian: Алексей Яковлевич Каплер, born Lazar Yankelevich Kapler; 28 September 1903 – 11 September 1979) was a prominent Soviet filmmaker, screenwriter, actor, and writer. He was known as screenwriter of many Soviet movies, such as Lenin in 1918, Amphibian Man, The Blue Bird and Striped Trip, as well as one of the anchors and directors of TV program Kinopanorama (a cinema overview). In 1941, Kapler was awarded the Stalin Prize.

## Internments in the Gulag

Kapler is also known as the first love of Joseph Stalin's then teenage daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva, who was more than 20 years his junior. According to Stalin's daughter, that was the reason for Kapler to be sentenced in 1943 to five years in exile on charges of anti-Soviet agitation. He was sent to Vorkuta region, where he worked as a photographer and lived in a tiny room partitioned off in the corner of the local photo studio.
In 1948, he was convicted a second time and spent five more years in Inta labour camps, being finally released only in July 1953, after Stalin's death. After returning from the Gulag, Kapler continued working on cinema and TV.

## Personal life

His first wife (married 1921–1930) was the actress Tatiana Tarnowska (1898–1994), daughter of Countess Maria Tarnowska. With Tatiana he had a son, Anatoly (b. 1927). His second wife (married 1953–1960) was actress Valentina Tokarskaya (1906–1996) whom he met in exile. After his remarriage, he had another affair with Svetlana Alliluyeva. Kapler's last wife (married 1960 till his death in 1979) was poet Yulia Drunina (1924–1991).

## Filmography

* 1926 The Overcoat (actor)
* 1930 Pravo Na Zhenshchinu (A Licence to Have a Woman) (silent film, Ukrainfilm studio, Kyiv, director), shown at the XXV Moscow International Film Festival, 2003
* 1931 Shakhta 12–28 (Mine 12-28) (director)
* 1939 Lenin v 1918 Godu (Lenin in 1918) (screenwriter)
* 1942 Slavny Maly (A Good Lad) (screenwriter)
* 1943 Den za Dnyom (Day After Day) (screenwriter)
* 1957 Za Vitrinoy Univermaga (Behind Show-Window) (screenwriter)
* 1976 Sinyaya Ptitsa (The Blue Bird) (screenwriter)
* 1987 Soshedshie s nebes (Descended From the Heavens), Lenfilm studio, is based on Kapler's story, Two of Twenty Millions.
* 1996 Vozvrashchenie bronenostsa (Return of the Battleship) is based on Kapler's story, Return of the Battleship
# James Hawkes (missionary)

James W. Hawkes (1853–1932), was an American minister, a missionary in Qajar Iran, and a founder of a school.

## Biography

James W. Hawkes was born in 1853 in Montezuma, Parke County, Indiana. He spent his formative years in nearby Rockville, Indiana. Hawkes spent two years at Wabash College before transferring to Princeton College, which granted him his undergraduate degree; he attended Union Theological Seminary in New York City in order to be trained as a missionary. In the early 1880s Hawkes began his career as a missionary in Persia.
He was married in 1884 to Sarah "Belle" Belknap (née Sherwood; 1854–1819), and they had a son a year later, which died shortly after birth. His wife managed the local girls schools, including the Faith Hubbard School for Girls in Hamadan, and later the Hamadan Jewish Girls' School. While doing missionary work in Persia, Hawkes’ wife died in 1919 from typhoid fever.
After his wife's death, Hawkes remained abroad and undertook the writing of the Persian Bible Dictionary (in Persian قاموس کتاب مقدس) and revisions of the Persian language Bible. Hawkes also founded the American School for Boys in Hamadan, Persia where he spent most of his missionary years. He died at the age of seventy-nine.
# Kosuke Kitani

Kosuke Kitani (木谷 公亮, Kitani Kosuke, born October 9, 1978) is a Japanese former football player and current manager of J2 League team Sagan Tosu.

## Playing career

Kitani was born in Kamagaya on October 9, 1978. After graduating from Kokushikan University, he joined J2 League club Omiya Ardija in 2001. Although he debuted in first season, he could hardly play in the match until summer 2003. He played many matches as defensive midfielder and center back from summer 2003. However his opportunity to play decreased in 2004. Although Ardija finished in second place and was promoted to J1 League for the following season, he left the club end of 2004 season without playing in J1.
In 2005, Kitani signed with J2 club Vegalta Sendai. He became a regular player as centre back soon and played many matches until 2008. However, he could hardly play in the match behind Kodai Watanabe and Elizeu in 2009. Vegalta won the league and was promoted to J1 from 2010, he left the club at the end of 2009 season.
In 2010, Kitani signed with J2 club Sagan Tosu. He became a regular player soon. In 2011, he played all 38 matches and Sagan finished in second place and was promoted to J1. Although he played in J1 first time in his career in 2012, he lost his position and could only play 4 matches in late in 2012 season.
In July 2013, Kitani moved to J2 club FC Gifu. He played all 17 matches in 2013 season. He retired as a player at the end of 2014 season.

## Club statistics

| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | Japan | Japan | League | League | Emperor's Cup | Emperor's Cup | J.League Cup | J.League Cup | Total | Total |
| 2001 | Omiya Ardija | J2 League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2002 | Omiya Ardija | J2 League | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | - | 5 | 0 |
| 2003 | Omiya Ardija | J2 League | 25 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 27 | 2 |
| 2004 | Omiya Ardija | J2 League | 18 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 20 | 1 |
| Total | Total | Total | 46 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 3 |
| 2005 | Vegalta Sendai | J2 League | 41 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 42 | 1 |
| 2006 | Vegalta Sendai | J2 League | 45 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 47 | 0 |
| 2007 | Vegalta Sendai | J2 League | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 41 | 0 |
| 2008 | Vegalta Sendai | J2 League | 30 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 30 | 1 |
| 2009 | Vegalta Sendai | J2 League | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 159 | 2 | 5 | 0 | - | - | 164 | 2 |
| 2010 | Sagan Tosu | J2 League | 33 | 3 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 35 | 3 |
| 2011 | Sagan Tosu | J2 League | 38 | 3 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 38 | 3 |
| 2012 | Sagan Tosu | J1 League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 2013 | Sagan Tosu | J1 League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 75 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 78 | 6 |
| 2013 | FC Gifu | J2 League | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 18 | 1 |
| 2014 | FC Gifu | J2 League | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 25 | 0 |
| Total | Total | Total | 42 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 43 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 322 | 16 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 340 | 16 |
# Bacon Run (Dunkard Creek tributary)

Bacon Run is a 2.11 mi (3.40 km) long first-order tributary to Dunkard Creek in Greene County.

## Course

Bacon Run rises about 2.5 miles northwest of Mount Morris, Pennsylvania and then flows southeasterly to join Dunkard Creek about 1 mile west-southwest of Mount Morris, Pennsylvania.

## Watershed

Bacon Run drains 1.04 square miles (2.7 km$^2$) of area, receives about 43.1 in/year of precipitation, and is about 80.3% forested.
# Sir William Domville, 1st Baronet

Sir William Domville, 1st Baronet (26 December 1742 – 8 February 1833) was Lord Mayor of London for 1813–14.
He was born in St Albans, the son of Charles Domville of London and was a descendant of William Domville, elder brother of Gilbert Domvile, ancestor of the Domvile baronets of Templeogue. He set up in business as a bookseller in London before returning to live in St Albans.
He was Master of the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers, a Sheriff of London for 1804–05 and Lord Mayor of London for 1813–14. In 1805 he was elected an Alderman of Queenhithe Ward and made a baronet in 1814.
He died on 8 February 1833 and was buried in St Albans Abbey. He had married Sally, the daughter of Archibald Finney and had two sons and five daughters.
# Skunk River (Iowa)

The Skunk River is a 93-mile-long (150 km) tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Iowa in the United States.

## Geography

The Skunk River rises in two branches, the South Skunk (185 miles (298 km) long) and the North Skunk (129 miles (208 km) long). The headwaters of the South Skunk are in Hamilton County in north central Iowa. It flows roughly due southward, to the west of Interstate 35, and passes through the city of Ames, before turning southeasterly. In Keokuk County, it is joined by the North Skunk, which has its headwaters in Marshall County. It then proceeds southeastward and flows into the Mississippi about five miles south of the city of Burlington.
The Iowa Department of Natural Resources has designated 33 miles of the Skunk River as a State Water Trail since 2020.

## Etymology

The Sauk and Meskwaki referred to the Skunk River as "Shecaqua". This name was probably mistranslated; one early settler wrote, "I was informed by Frank Labisner, United States interpreter for the Sac and Fox Indians, that the name of Skunk River was a wrong interpretation. The Indian name was Checaqua. Which, in their language is anything of a strong or obnoxious smell, such as onions. I think, that from the fact that the head waters of the stream abounded with wild onions, the interpretation should be 'Onion.'" This origin makes the river's native name a cognate of the name Chicago, the Miami-Illinois name for the wild onion.

## Habitat

Species of fish found in the Skunk River include smallmouth bass, gar, walleye, catfish, carp, bluegill, sheephead, bullhead, and largemouth bass, crappie, sunfish.
The river features an abundance of birds, deer, beaver, wood ducks, and raccoons. The Skunk River is lined with silver maples, sycamores, cottonwoods, and oaks along the shoreline.
The "Skunk River Navy" was founded and led by Iowa State University biology professor 'Admiral' Jim Colbert and biology advisor 'Admiral' Jim Holtz. The SRN operated from August 1998 to September 2017. The SRN focused on monitoring the biological diversity of the South Skunk River, and some of its tributaries, near Ames, Iowa as well as removal of trash from these streams. Participation in the SRN was primarily focused on students entering Iowa State in the biology major, though students in other majors, other ISU personnel, as well as other individuals participated. During the years of operation of the SRN approximately 2,400 volunteers participated and over 80 tons of trash were removed from the South Skunk River and some of its tributaries. The SRN also found, and reported, diesel fuel and sewage leaks into the South Skunk River, and its tributary Ioway Creek, respectively. These leaks were repaired by the City of Ames. Beginning in 2018 local paddling groups may use the name "Skunk River Navy", but the SRN is no longer under the auspices of the ISU Biology Program.
# South Branch Sugar River

The South Branch of the Sugar River is a 6.6-mile-long (10.6 km) river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Sugar River, which flows to the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
The South Branch begins at the confluence of Gunnison Brook and Blood Brook at the center of the town of Goshen, New Hampshire. The river flows north, reaching the Sugar River near the center of the town of Newport. New Hampshire Route 10 follows the South Branch for its entire length.
# Earl of Portmore

Earl of Portmore was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1703 for the Scottish military commander David Colyear, 1st Lord Portmore. He had already been created Lord Portmore in 1699 and was made Lord Colyear and Viscount of Milsington at the same time as he was granted the earldom, also in the Peerage of Scotland. He was the son of Alexander Colyear, who had been created a Baronet, of Holland, in the Baronetage of England on 20 February 1677. Lord Portmore married Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester, a former mistress of James II. He was succeeded by his only surviving son, the second Earl. He represented Wycombe and Andover in Parliament. His grandson, the fourth Earl (who succeeded his father), sat as Member of Parliament for Boston. The fourth Earl died without surviving male issue in 1835 when the titles became extinct.

## Colyear Baronets, of Holland (1677)

* Sir Alexander Colyear, 1st Baronet (d. c. 1685)
* Sir David Colyear, 2nd Baronet (c. 1656–1730) (created Lord Portmore in 1699 and Earl of Portmore in 1703)

## Earls of Portmore (1703)

* David Colyear, 1st Earl of Portmore (c. 1656–1730)
** David Colyear, Viscount Milsington (1698–1729)
* Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore (1700–1785)
* William Colyear, 3rd Earl of Portmore (1745–1823)
* Thomas Charles Colyear, 4th Earl of Portmore (1772–1835)
** Hon. Brownlow Charles Colyear (d. 1819)

## Arms

Coat of arms of Earl of Portmore :
* CoronetA Coronet of an Earl
* CrestA Unicorn rampant Argent armed and maned Or
* EscutcheonGules on a Chevron between three Wolves' Heads erased Or as many Oak Trees eradicated proper fructed Or
* SupportersOn either side a Wolf proper
* MottoAvance
# Simone Raineri

Simone Raineri (born 7 February 1977 in Bozzolo, Mantua) is an Italian competition rower and Olympic champion.
He received a gold medal in quadruple sculls at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, together with Agostino Abbagnale, Rossano Galtarossa, and Alessio Sartori.
# Samir Labidi

Samir Labidi (born 1962) is a Tunisian politician. He is the former Communications Minister. Prior to this, he was the Minister of Youth, Sports, and Physical Education.

## Biography

Samir Labidi was born on January 8, 1962, in Gafsa, Tunisia. He was the Secretary General for the Union Générale des Etudiants de Tunisie, the Tunisia student union, and worked as a lawyer at The Hague.
He was the Tunisian Ambassador to the United Nations in Geneva, the World Trade Organization, and to the Conference on Disarmament. In 2005, he was involved with the World Summit on the Information Society. He was the president of the Ambassadors of the Arab League in 2006, president of the African Ambassadors to the International Organization for Migration in 2007, and president of the Conference on Disarmament in 2008.
In 2008, he became the Tunisian Minister for Youth and Sports. Later, he became the Communications Minister.