# List of gemstones by species

This is a list of gemstones, organized by species and types.

## Minerals

There are over 300 types of minerals that have been used as gemstones. Such as:

### A–B

* Actinolite
** Nephrite (var.)
* Adamite
* Aegirine
* Afghanite
* Agrellite
* Algodonite
* Alunite
* Amblygonite
* Analcime
* Anatase
* Andalusite
** Chiastolite
* Andesine
* Anglesite
* Anhydrite
* Annabergite
* Anorthite
* Antigorite
** Bowenite
* Apatite
* Apophyllite
* Aragonite
* Arfvedsonite
* Asbestos
* Astrophyllite
* Atacamite
* Augelite
* Austinite
* Axinite group:
** Ferroaxinite
** Magnesioaxinite
** Manganaxinite
** Tinzenite
* Azurmalachite
* Azurite
* Baryte
* Bastnaesite
* Bayldonite
* Benitoite
* Beryl subgroup:
** Aquamarine
*** Maxixe
** Emerald
*** Trapiche emerald (var.)
** Goshenite
** Golden beryl
** Heliodor
** Morganite
** Red beryl (Bixbite)
* Beryllonite
* Beudantite
* Bismutotantalite
* Biotite
* Boleite
* Boracite
* Bornite
* Brazilianite
* Breithauptite
* Brookite
* Brucite
* Bustamite
* Bytownite

### C–F

* Calcite
** Manganoan calcite (var.)
* Caledonite
* Canasite
* Cancrinite
** Vishnevite
* Carletonite
* Carnallite
* Cassiterite
* Catapleiite
* Cavansite
* Celestite
* Ceruleite
* Cerussite
* Chabazite
* Chalcopyrite
* Chambersite
* Charlesite
* Charoite
* Childrenite
* Chiolite
* Chondrodite
* Chrysoberyl
** Alexandrite (var.)
** Cymophane
* Chromite
* Chrysocolla
* Chrysotile
* Cinnabar
* Clinochlore
* Clinohumite
* Clinozoisite
* Clintonite
* Cobaltite
* Colemanite
* Cordierite
** Iolite (var.)
* Cornwallite
* Corundum
** Ruby (var.)
** Sapphire (var.)
*** Padparadscha
** Golden sheen sapphire
* Covellite
* Creedite
* Crocoite
* Cryolite
* Cumberlandite
* Cuprite
* Danburite
* Datolite
* Descloizite
* Diamond
** Bort
*** Ballas
* Diaspore
* Dickinsonite
* Diopside
* Dioptase
* Dolomite
* Dumortierite
* Ekanite
* Elbaite
* Enstatite
** Bronzite
** Hypersthene
* Eosphorite
* Epidote
** Piemontite
* Erythrite
* Esperite
* Ettringite
* Euclase
* Eudialyte
* Euxenite
* Fayalite
* Feldspar subgroup:
** Andesine
** Albite
** Anorthite
** Anorthoclase
** Amazonite
** Bytownite
** Celsian
** Microcline
** Moonstone
*** Adularia (var.)
*** Rainbow (var.)
** Orthoclase
*** Unakite
** Plagioclase
*** Albite
*** Labradorite
*** Oligoclase
** Sanidine
** Sunstone
*** Oregon sunstone
*** Rainbow lattice sunstone
* Fergusonite
* Ferroaxinite
* Fluorapatite
* Fluorapophyllite
* Fluorite
* Forsterite
* Friedelite

### G–L

* Gadolinite
* Gahnite
* Gahnospinel
* Garnet group:
** Pyralspite
*** Almandine
*** Pyrope
*** Spessartine
** Ugrandite
*** Andradite
**** Demantoid
**** Melanite
**** Topazolite
*** Grossular
**** Hessonite
**** Hydrogrossular
**** Tsavorite
*** Uvarovite
** Almandine-pyrope
*** Rhodolite
** Andradite-grossular
*** Grandite (Mali garnet)
** Pyrope-almandine-spessartine
*** Malaia garnet
** Pyrope-spessartine
*** Umbalite
* Gaspeite
* Gaylussite
* Gibbsite
* Glaucophane
* Goethite
* Goosecreekite
* Grandidierite
* Gypsum
* Gyrolite
* Halite
* Hambergite
* Hanksite
* Hardystonite
* Hauyne
* Helenite
* Hematite
* Hemimorphite
* Herderite
* Hexagonite
* Hibonite
* Hiddenite
* Hodgkinsonite
* Holtite
* Howlite
* Huebnerite
* Humite
* Hureaulite
* Hurlbutite
* Hyperitdiabas
* Ilmenite
* Inderite
* Jade
** Jadeite
*** Chloromelanite
** Nephrite
* Jasper
* Jeremejevite
* Kainite
* Kämmererite
* Kaolinite
* Kornerupine
* Kutnohorite
* Kurnakovite
* Kyanite
* Langbeinite
* Lawsonite
* Lazulite
* Lazurite
* Legrandite
* Lepidolite
* Leucite
* Leucophanite
* Linarite
* Lizardite
* Londonite
* Ludlamite
* Ludwigite

### M–Q

* Magnesite
* Malachite
* Marialite-meionite
** Wernerite (var.)
* Marcasite
* Meliphanite
* Mellite
* Mesolite
* Microcline
* Microlite
* Milarite
* Millerite
* Mimetite
* Monazite
* Mordenite
* Mottramite
* Muscovite
** Fuchsite (var.)
* Musgravite
* Nambulite
* Narsarsukite
* Natrolite
* Nepheline
* Neptunite
* Nickeline (Niccolite)
* Nosean
* Nuummite
* Olivine
* Opal
** Fire opal
** Moss opal
* Painite
* Palygorskite
* Papagoite
* Pargasite
* Parisite
* Pectolite
** Larimar
* Pentlandite
* Peridot
* Periclase
* Perthite
* Petalite (castorite)
* Pezzottaite
* Phenakite
* Phlogopite
* Phosgenite
* Phosphophyllite
* Phosphosiderite
* Piemontite
* Pietersite
* Plumbogummite
* Pollucite
* Polyhalite
* Poudretteite
* Powellite
* Prehnite
* Prismatine
* Prosopite
* Proustite
* Psilomelane
* Pumpellyite
** Chlorastrolite (var.)
* Purpurite
* Pyrite
* Pyrargyrite
* Pyromorphite
* Pyrophyllite
* Pyroxmangite
* Pyrrhotite
* Quartz
** Amethyst (var.)
** Ametrine (var.)
** Aventurine (var.)
** Chalcedony (var.)
*** Agate
**** Iris agate
**** Onyx
**** Sardonyx
*** Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
*** Carnelian
*** Chrome chalcedony
*** Chrysoprase
*** Dendritic agate
**** Moss agate
*** Fire agate (iridescent var.)
*** Jasper
*** Petrified wood
*** Sard
** Citrine (var.)
** Druzy (var.)
** Flint (var.)
** Herkimer diamond (var.)
** Milky quartz (var.)
** Prasiolite (var.)
** Radiolarite (var.)
** Rose quartz (var.)
** Rock crystal (var.)
** Shocked quartz (var.)
** Smoky quartz (var.)
* Quartzite

### R–Z

* Realgar
* Rhodizite
* Rhodochrosite
* Rhodonite
* Richterite
* Riebeckite
** Crocidolite (var.)
* Rosasite
* Rutile
* Samarskite
* Sanidine
* Sapphirine
* Sarcolite
* Scapolite
** Marialite
** Meionite
* Scheelite
* Schizolite
* Scorodite
* Selenite
* Sellaite
* Senarmontite
* Sepiolite (Meerschaum)
* Sérandite
* Seraphinite
* Serendibite
* Serpentine subgroup
** Antigorite
** Bowenite
** Chrysotile
** Lizardite
** Stichtite
* Shattuckite
* Shigaite
* Shortite
* Shungite
* Siderite
* Sillimanite
* Simpsonite
* Sinhalite
* Smaltite
* Smithsonite
* Sodalite
** Hackmanite (var.)
* Sogdianite
* Sperrylite
* Spessartite
* Sphalerite
* Spinel
** Ceylonite (var.)
* Spodumene
** Hiddenite (var.)
** Kunzite (var.)
** Triphane (var.)
* Spurrite
* Staurolite
* Stibiotantalite
* Stichtite
* Stolzite
* Strontianite
* Strontium titanate
* Sulfur
* Sugilite
** Bustamite (var.)
** Richterite (var.)
* Sylvite
* Taaffeite
* Talc
* Tantalite
* Tektites
** Moldavite
* Tephroite
* Thomsonite
* Thaumasite
* Tinaksite
* Titanite (sphene)
* Topaz
* Tourmaline subgroup:
** Achroite (var.)
** Chrome (var.)
** Dravite
** Elbaite
** Fluor-liddicoatite
** Indicolite
** Olenite
** Paraiba (var.)
** Rossmanite
** Rubellite (var.)
* Tremolite
** Hexagonite (var.)
* Triphylite
* Triplite
* Tugtupite
* Turquoise
* Ulexite
* Ussingite
* Vanadinite
* Variscite
* Väyrynenite
* Vesuvianite (idocrase)
** Californite (var.)
* Villiaumite
* Vivianite
* Vlasovite
* Wardite
* Wavellite
* Weloganite
* Whewellite
* Wilkeite
* Willemite
* Witherite
* Wollastonite
* Wulfenite
* Wurtzite
* Xonotlite
* Yugawaralite
* Zektzerite
* Zeolites
** Analcime
** Apophyllite
** Chabazite
** Goosecreekite
** Natrolite
** Scolecite
** Stellerite
** Stilbite
** Thomsonite
* Zincite
* Zinnwaldite
* Zircon
** Jacinth (var.)
* Zoisite
** Tanzanite (var.)
** Thulite (var.)
* Zultanite
* Zunyite

## Artificial and lab created

There are a number of artificial and lab grown minerals used to produce gemstones. These include:
* Lab alexandrite
* Lab corundum
* Cubic zirconia
* Lab diamond
* Lab emerald
* Fordite
* Gadolinium gallium garnet
* Lab moissanite
* Synthetic opal
* Metal-coated crystals hyped as rainbow quartz
* Lab spinel
* Synthetic turquoise
* Terbium gallium garnet
* Trinitite
* Yttrium aluminium garnet
* Yttrium iron garnet

## Organic

There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including:
* Amber
* Ammolite
** Ammonoidea
* Bone
* Copal
* Coral
* Ivory
* Jet
* Nacre (Mother of pearl)
* Operculum
* Pearl
* Seashell

## Rocks

Some rocks are used as gems, including:
* Anthracite
* Anyolite
* Bauxite
* Concretions
* Bloodstone (Heliotrope)
* Eilat stone
* Epidosite
* Glimmerite
* Goldstone (glittering glass)
* Hawk's eye
* Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash)
* Iddingsite
* Kimberlite
* Lamproite
* Lapis lazuli
* Libyan desert glass
* Llanite
* Maw sit sit
* Moldavite
* Obsidian
* Apache tears
* Pallasite
* Peridotite (also known as olivinite)
* Siilinjärvi carbonatite
* Soapstone (also known as steatite)
* Tactite
* Tiger's eye
* Unakite

## Chatoyant gems

Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include:
* Actinolite
* Andalusite
* Apatite
* Beryl
** Aquamarine
** Emerald
** Heliodor
** Morganite
* Beryllium
* Beryllonite
* Calcite
* Cerussite
* Chrysoberyl
* Danburite
* Diaspore
* Diopside
* Enstatite
* Garnet
* Grandidierite
* Hawk's eye
* Hypersthene
* Iolite
* Kornerupine
* Kunzite
* Kyanite
* Moonstone
* Opal
* Peridot
* Peristerite (Albite variety)
* Pezzottaite
* Phenakite
* Prasiolite
* Prehnite
* Quartz
* Rhodonite
* Rutile
* Scapolite
* Selenite
* Serpentine
** Antigorite
** Bowenite
* Sillimanite
* Smoky Quartz
* Spinel
* Sunstone
* Tanzanite
* Tiger's Eye
* Topaz
* Tourmaline
* Ulexite
* Zircon

## Asterism

* Corundum
** Ruby
** Sapphire
* Diopside