OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vidua

Vidua is a genus of passerine birds in the family Viduidae.
The genus was introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1816. The type species was subsequently designated as the pin-tailed whydah. The name Vidua is a Latin word meaning "widow".
The genus contains 19 species:
| Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Vidua chalybeata | Village indigobird | Africa south of the Sahara Desert. |
| Vidua purpurascens | Purple indigobird | Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. |
| Vidua raricola | Jambandu indigobird | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan and Togo. |
| Vidua larvaticola | Barka indigobird | Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Sudan, and South Sudan. |
| Vidua funerea | Dusky indigobird | Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Guinea-Bissau, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |
| Vidua codringtoni | Zambezi indigobird | Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. |
| Vidua wilsoni | Wilson's indigobird | Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, and Togo. |
| Vidua nigeriae | Quailfinch indigobird | The Gambia, Nigeria and Cameroon. |
| Vidua maryae | Jos Plateau indigobird | Nigeria |
| Vidua camerunensis | Cameroon indigobird | Sierra Leone to east Cameroon, north east Zaire and South Sudan. |
| Vidua macroura | Pin-tailed whydah | Africa south of the Sahara Desert. |
| Vidua hypocherina | Steel-blue whydah | Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. |
| Vidua fischeri | Straw-tailed whydah | Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. |
| Vidua regia | Shaft-tailed whydah | Southern Africa, from south Angola to south Mozambique |
| Vidua paradisaea | Long-tailed paradise whydah | Eastern Africa, from eastern South Sudan to southern Angola |
| Vidua orientalis | Sahel paradise whydah | west Africa |
| Vidua interjecta | Exclamatory paradise whydah | Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, and Togo. |
| Vidua togoensis | Togo paradise whydah | Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Mali, Sierra Leone, and Togo. |
| Vidua obtusa | Broad-tailed paradise whydah | Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |
Members of this genus brood-parasitise estrilid finches. Estrildidae is the sister family to Viduidae.
# Mahkamat al-Pasha

Mahkamat al-Pasha (Arabic: مَحْكَمَة الباشا "the pasha's courthouse," French: Mahkama du Pacha) is an administrative building constructed 1941-1942 in the Hubous neighborhood of Casablanca, Morocco. The complex serves or has served as a courthouse, residence of the pasha (governor), parliamentary reception hall, and jail.

## History

In January 1930, the pasha of Casablanca at the time At-Tayyib Al-Moqri, the second son of the Moroccan grand vizier Muhammad al-Muqri, decided to build a civil courthouse in the Habous. It was designed by the French architect Auguste Cadet (fr), who was heavily involved in the planning of Casablanca and particularly of its Habous neighborhood.
The construction of the courthouse was carried out during World War II, when French authorities usurped most modern building materials in their colonies, such as steel and cement, for the war effort. As a result, even though the courthouse was built in the mid-twentieth century, it was built with traditional methods, brick by brick. The complex is characterized by traditional Mauro-Andalusi architectural features: zeleej, stucco work, carved cedar wood, and green-tiled roofs.
* A view of one of the ṣoḥoon framed by an archway.
* Interior of the building.
* A detail of traditional Moroccan architectural elements: zeliij and arabesque plaster.
* Traditional Moroccan carving.
* Helix staircase.
* Corridor.
* Staircase.
* The courthouse from the outside.
* Morocco
* Architecture
# Catacomb saints

Catacomb saints were the bodies of ancient Christians that were carefully exhumed from the catacombs of Rome and sent abroad to serve as relics of certain saints from the 16th century to the 19th century. They were typically lavishly decorated with gold and precious stones.

## History

During the Beeldenstorm of the 16th century and continued iconoclasm of the 17th century, Catholic churches throughout Europe were systematically stripped of their religious symbols, iconography and relics. In response, the Vatican ordered that thousands of skeletons be exhumed from the catacombs beneath the city and installed in towns throughout Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Few, if any, of the corpses belonged to people of any religious significance; though, given their burial, some may have been early Christian martyrs. Each was nonetheless painstakingly dressed and decorated as one of the various Catholic saints. One church spent 75 gulden dressing their saint.
Though selling the relics would have been considered simony, enterprising church officials still managed to raise funds while countering the iconoclasm by charging for transportation, decoration, induction and blessing. Historian and author Diarmaid MacCulloch compared the collection of catacomb saints by rich Bavarian families as being akin to the modern-day practice of purchasing personalised number plates, given that many of the saints shared the name of their patron. Church officials became adept at uncovering saints related to particular wealthy families.
By the 19th century, many of the fakes had been discovered. Some were stripped of their finery and destroyed while others were placed in storage.

## Modern interest

In 1803, the secular magistrate of Rottenbuch in Bavaria auctioned the town's two saints. 174 years later, in 1977, the residents of the town raised funds to have them returned.
Paul Koudounaris revived interest in the catacomb saints with his 2013 book Heavenly Bodies. In publishing the book, Koudounaris sought to find and photograph each of the extant saints.

## Gallery

* A reliquary in St. Peter's Church, Munich.
* The decorated skull of Saint Dominicus.
* The armed corpse of Saint Verena.
* A glass case protects the corpse of the martyr Candidus at the Irsee Abbey, Bavaria.
* The sarcophagus of Saint Clemens at the Parish church of St. Gallus and Ulrich, Kißlegg, Germany.
# Taregh-class speedboat

The Taregh (Persian: طارق) is a class of fast patrol boat used by naval forces of Iran.
A Boghammar is a High Speed Patrol Boat for use in coastal patrol. The term Boghammar originated from the Iranian patrol boats manufactured by the Swedish company Boghammar Marin AB during the 1980s used in the Iran–Iraq War and its Tanker War.

## History

In 1983, Iran purchased 50 RL-118 and RL-130 patrol crafts from Boghammar Marin AB for reportedly $10 million. It was the biggest order ever for the shipyard, and was worth almost three times their annual revenues. By February 1987, The Washington Post reported that the newly established Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps began using the boats.
According to Svenska Dagbladet, American authorities maintained that Iran acquired at least a further 13 boats by way of Czechoslovakia.

## Wider use

The term boghammar, sometimes spelled boghammer, has also come to mean an improvised naval fighting vessel, typically used by a local irregular military force and usually being a modified civilian boat or other similar machine. It is usually a speedboat or fast patrol boat (as used by police for harbor/river patrol) on which are mounted recoilless rifles, heavy machine guns, mortars, or other relatively small weapons systems. A boghammar is usually unarmoured.
Boghammars, in this sense, have been used by paramilitary forces to attack offshore oil platforms and civilian shipping, or even larger military vessels, most notably by Iran in the Tanker War. Other users of such vessels include Nigerian militants, LTTE Sea Tigers, and Somali pirates.
# Clink Street

Clink Street is a street in Bankside, London, UK, between Southwark Cathedral and the Globe Theatre.
Narrow, dark and cobbled, it is best known as the historic location of the notorious Clink Prison, giving rise to the slang phrase 'in the clink', meaning 'in prison'. The prison was burned down in riots during 1780, and a small museum and tourist attraction now occupies part of the site. Clink Street is very close, and runs parallel, to the River Thames. A replica of the Golden Hind is moored in a small dock at the eastern end of the street.
A chase scene in the David Lean directed Oliver Twist was filmed there. The Doctor Who episode, "The Talons of Weng-Chiang", was filmed in this area, as was the final sequence in the 1981 John Landis film An American Werewolf in London. More recently, it was used as the exterior of Daniel Cleaver's flat in Bridget Jones's Diary.
* Clink Street in 1983
* Blue plaque on the former prison site
* Clink Street under Cannon Street Railway Bridge
* Shakespeare mural
# Stony Brook Branch

Stony Brook Branch is a tributary of the Stony Brook in Mercer County, New Jersey in the United States.

## Course

The Stony Brook Branch starts at 40°21′31″N 74°48′38″W﻿ / ﻿40.35861°N 74.81056°W﻿ / 40.35861; -74.81056, in Sourland Mountain near Route 31 (Pennington Road). It flows east, crossing Route 31 and Pennington Hopewell Road before draining into the Stony Brook at 40°21′6″N 74°47′2″W﻿ / ﻿40.35167°N 74.78389°W﻿ / 40.35167; -74.78389.

## Sister tributaries

* Baldwins Creek
* Duck Pond Run
* Honey Branch
* Lewis Brook
* Peters Brook
* Woodsville Brook
# List of first minority male lawyers and judges in U.S. territories

This is a list of the first minority male lawyer(s) and judge(s) in the territories of the U.S. It includes the year in which the men were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are other distinctions such as the first minority men in their state to graduate from law school or become a political figure.

## American Samoa
### Lawyer

* Peter Tali Coleman (1951): First Samoan male lawyer in American Samoa. He was later appointed as the first governor of American Samoa (1989)

### Judge

* Michael Kruse (1972): First Samoan male to be appointed as a justice of the High Court of American Samoa (1987)

### Attorney general

* Peter Tali Coleman (1951): First Samoan male to serve as the attorney general for American Samoa

### Political office

* Peter Tali Coleman (1951): First Samoan male to serve as the governor of American Samoa (1989)

## Guam
### Judicial officer
#### Justice of the peace

* Joaquín Cruz Pérez: First Guamanian male to serve as the justice of the peace in Guam (1899)

#### Judge

* Pancracio Palting: First Filipino male judge in Guam before the court system was later reorganized (c. 1920s)

#### Justice

* Joaquín Cruz Pérez: First Guamanian male to serve as an associate justice for Guam (1915)
* Joaquin Perez: First Chamorro male appointed as the presiding judge of the Superior Court of Guam (1974)
* Benjamin Cruz (1975): First openly LGBT male appointed as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Guam (1997)

### Island attorney

* Vicente C. Reyes: First male island attorney (or attorney general) in Guam. He would later be appointed as a judge in 1947 before the court system was reorganized.

### Attorney general

* Douglas Moylan: First Guamanian male lawyer to be appointed as the attorney general of Guam (2003–2007)

## Northern Mariana Islands
### Lawyer

* Edward Pangelinan: First Chamorro male lawyer in the Northern Mariana Islands

### Judge

* Alfred Laureta: First Filipino American appointed as a judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands (1978)

### Attorney general

* Edward Manibusan: First Chamorro male lawyer to be elected as the attorney general of the Northern Mariana Islands (2015). He also served as a judge during the course of his career.

## Puerto Rico
### Lawyer

* Benito Díaz Pares (1841): First native-born lawyer in Puerto Rico

### Judge

* Clemente Ruiz Nazario (1921): First Puerto Rican male appointed as a judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico (1952)
* Juan R. Torruella (1957): First Puerto Rican male appointed as a judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1984) and to serve as its chief judge (1994)

## United States Virgin Islands

* William H. Hastie (1931): First African American male appointed as a judge of the U.S. District Court of the Virgin Islands (1937)
# Dirty Looks (non-profit)

Dirty Looks is a nonprofit collective for queer film, video and performance that launched in 2011. Dirty Looks has used film and time-based art to illuminate queer histories and liminal spaces across Los Angeles and New York City. Sites of screenings include The Museum of Modern Art, The Kitchen, The Hammer, MOMA, ONE Archives, Artists Space, the Egyptian Theatre, Downtown Independent, REDCAT, Echo Park Film Center and Judson Memorial Church. Dirty Looks began regular Los Angeles programming in January 2015. Bradford Nordeen is the founder and creative director.
# Jägala concentration camp

Jägala concentration camp was a labour camp of the Estonian Security Police and SD during the German occupation of Estonia during World War II. The camp was established in August 1942 on a former artillery range of the Estonian Army near the village of Jägala, Estonia. It existed from August 1942 to August 1943. Aleksander Laak, an Estonian, was appointed by SS-Sturmbannführer Ain-Ervin Mere of Group B of the Estonian Security Police to command the camp with Ralf Gerrets as assistant.
Officially Jägala was a "labour education camp" or "Arbeitserziehungslager" for forced forestry and field workers. The camp housed Jews deported to Estonia from other countries, including Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Germany and Poland. About 3,000 Jews who were not selected for work at their arrival at Raasiku railway station were taken directly from the station and shot at the nearby Kalevi-Liiva extermination site.
The camp never held more than 200 prisoners and had a short life span of several months. In November 1942 it was reported that the camp held 53 men and 150 women. Most of the prisoners were eventually transferred to Tallinn Central Prison [et] starting with about half of the prisoners moved in December 1942 and the rest in June and July. By August 1943 the camp was closed and most of the remaining inmates were shot. Several sick prisoners were shot at the Jägala camp while about 15 hospitalised prisoners were sent to Kalevi-Liiva to be executed, Laak also killed three women, one of them his sex slave; the camp was then dismantled by September 1943.
The estimates for the number of killed at Jägala concentration camp vary. Soviet investigators concluded that 2,000-3,000 were killed in Jägala and Kalevi-Liiva taken together, but the number 5,000 (as determined by the Extraordinary State Commission in 1944) was written into the verdict.
In modern sources, the number of 10,000 people killed at the Jägala occurs. However, Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity and estimates of scholars place the number of total Jewish victims in Estonia during 1941-1944 around 8,500.
# Will Bradley-King

William Bradley-King (born December 22, 1997) is an American professional football linebacker for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arkansas State and Baylor and was drafted by Washington Commanders in the seventh round of the 2021 NFL draft.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump |
| 6 ft 3+1⁄2 in (1.92 m) | 252 lb (114 kg) | 33+1⁄2 in (0.85 m) | 10+1⁄4 in (0.26 m) | 4.75 s | 1.59 s | 2.71 s | 4.29 s | 7.10 s | 34.5 in (0.88 m) | 9 ft 11 in (3.02 m) |
| All values from Pro Day |||||||||||

### Washington Football Team / Commanders

Bradley-King was drafted by the Washington Football Team in the seventh round (240th overall) of the 2021 NFL draft. He signed his four-year rookie contract on May 13, 2021. Bradley-King was released on August 31, 2021, but re-signed to the practice squad the following day.
On December 13, 2021, he was placed on the COVID-19 reserve list and was activated on December 22. Bradley-King signed to the active roster on January 8, 2022.
On August 30, 2022, Bradley-King was waived by the Commanders and signed to the practice squad the next day. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 9, 2023.
On August 29, 2023, Bradley-King was waived by the Commanders and re-signed to the practice squad. He was released on September 6, 2023, but re-signed to the active roster two days later. He was waived on September 11, but re-signed with the practice squad three days later. On October 14, 2023, he was released from the practice squad.

### New England Patriots

On October 18, 2023, the New England Patriots signed Bradley-King to their practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 8, 2024.
Bradley-King was waived by the Patriots on August 26, 2024.

### Miami Dolphins

On August 30, 2024, Bradley-King was signed to the Miami Dolphins practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 7, 2025.
# Wraxall Court

Wraxall Court (originally called Wraxall Lodge) is a historic building in Wraxall in the English county of Somerset. It is a Grade II listed building.
Parts of the original 1658 building were incorporated into the current building when it was erected around 1720 after which it was used by the families of John Codrington and Richard Bampfylde. The house was extended in the 19th century by Thomas Upton. Modernisation including the provision of a water supply was undertaken in the early 20th century. During World War II the house was used as a convalescent home by the Admiralty and then as residences by the University of Bristol before returning to use as a private house.
The house reflects the many changes and styles of architecture covering the last 300 years and is surrounded by gardens and an estate which includes specimen trees.

## History

The house was originally built in 1658 and extensively remodelled in 1720 with further restoration and expansion in 1912. The 17th century house was built, near the church, for Simon Gorges, a descendant of Ferdinando Gorges. In the early 18th century that house was demolished and parts of it, including the porch, incorporated into the current building. Gorges descendant John Codrington, a local member of parliament further developed the house and estate in the 1720s and 1730s. His daughter married Richard Bampfylde and the handed down to their family including Charles Bampfylde. He became bankrupt and in 1800 the Wraxall estate was sold at auction for £28,500 to Philip Prothero of Over, Gloucestershire, however it was eventually purchased by Sir John Hugh Smyth of Ashton Court and used by members of his family. Thomas Upton, who married Florence Smyth, owned the house and, in 1830 he added the flanking wings to the house and created the staircase. Much of the interior decoration of the house dates from this time.
For the rest of the 19th century the house was occupied by tenants, including Henry Hallam, until 1911 when it was sold by Lady Smyth to T. Rudding Davey who had the house connected to the mains water supply and installed the plumbing system. He also replaced the ceiling of the study. He died in 1939 but his wife continued to live in the house. In the 1940s the house was used as a convalescent home by the admiralty in conjunction with Barrow Court. In the immediate post World War II period it became residences for students from the University of Bristol. The next owner was Mr T. Lucas who bought it from Major R.E. Davey in 1953.

## Architecture

The two-storey stone house has slate hipped roofs with a parapet. The nine bay front of the house has a central porch at the doorway which has ionic columns supporting a frieze and moulded cornice. From the door the entrance hall goes from south to north and meets an inner hall running east to west with the staircase with wooden balustrade. The drawing room occupies the west bay of the south front and is decorated with palmette designs in a frieze which is typical of early 19th century decorative schemes.
The garden has a walled areas, lawns and specimen trees many of which have been planted since 1953.
# Arising from the Surface

Arising from the Surface (Hindi: सतह से उठता आदमी) is a 1980 Indian film directed by Mani Kaul. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. This is an essay film grounded in the writings of Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh the prominent 20th century Hindi writer, poet, essayist, literary and political critic.

## Plot

The screenplay of this film is based on two poems, two essays and six short stories by Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh and the title of film is taken from one of his short story used in the film. The film is neither a biopic nor an adaptation, or an essay, nor fiction, and yet it engages with all these forms producing a cinematic text that defies any categorization. The narrative is fashioned around three characters: Ramesh (Bharath Gopi), who embodies Muktibodh's subjectivity, where as Madhav (Jha) and Keshav (M. K. Raina) are his companions. All three saunter in and out of numerous mise-en-scène, driven by the political, philosophical underpinnings of Muktibodh's universe.

## Cast

* Bharath Gopi as Ramesh
* Vibhuti Jha as Madhav
* Satyen Kumar
* M. K. Raina as Keshav
# Estonia–Turkey relations

Estonia–Turkey relations are foreign relations between Estonia and Turkey. Estonia has an embassy in Ankara and Turkey has an embassy in Tallinn. Both countries are full members of Council of Europe and of NATO. Estonia is also an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate.
The basis of Estonia–Turkey relations is based on the "Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation" signed on 1 December 1924. The occupation and annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union in 1940 was not recognized by Turkey. After Estonia regained its independence on 20 August 1991, diplomatic relations were established between the two countries with the Joint Declaration signed on 2 October 1991.

## Official Visits

| Guest | Host | Place of visit | Date of visit |
| President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | President Toomas Hendrik Ilves | Presidential Palace, Tallinn | October 23–24, 2014 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu | Minister of Foreign Affairs Jürgen Ligi | Presidential Palace, Tallinn | October 27, 2016 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Sven Mikser | Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | July 2017 |
| Prime Minister Jüri Ratas | Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | August 2017 |
| President Alar Karis | President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Presidential Palace, Ankara | June 27, 2024 |

## Economic relations

* Trade volume between the two countries was US$312 million in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: US$92/220 million).
* 2,622 Turkish persons have applied for Estonia's e-residency, making Turkey 12th biggest country in the program. Turkey is the fourth country in the world by number of companies established by e-residents – 712.
* 61,707 Estonian tourists visited Turkey in 2018.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Estonia has an embassy in Ankara.
* Turkey has an embassy in Tallinn.
# Gianluca Lamacchi

Gianluca Lamacchi (born 28 January 1972), is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a right back. Having starting with Siena, he played most of his career for Pescara, Piacenza and Genoa, the latter from 2003 until his 2006 retirement.