# Index of meteorology articles

This is a list of meteorology topics. The terms relate to meteorology, the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. (see also: List of meteorological phenomena)

## Contents

* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

## A

* advection
* aeroacoustics
* aerobiology
* aerology
* air parcel (in meteorology)
* air quality index (AQI)
* airshed (in meteorology)
* American Geophysical Union (AGU)
* American Meteorological Society (AMS)
* anabatic wind
* anemometer
* annular hurricane
* anticyclone (in meteorology)
* apparent wind
* Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
* Atlantic hurricane season
* atmometer
* atmosphere
* Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)
* Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)
* (atmospheric boundary layer [ABL]) planetary boundary layer (PBL)
* atmospheric chemistry
* atmospheric circulation
* atmospheric convection
* atmospheric dispersion modeling
* atmospheric electricity
* atmospheric icing
* atmospheric physics
* atmospheric pressure
* atmospheric sciences
* atmospheric stratification
* atmospheric thermodynamics
* atmospheric window (see under Threats)

## B

* baller lightning
* balloon (aircraft)
* baroclinity
* barotropity
* barometer ("to measure atmospheric pressure")
* berg wind
* biometeorology
* blizzard
* bomb (meteorology)
* buoyancy
* Bureau of Meteorology (in Australia)

## C

* Canada Weather Extremes
* Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC)
* Cape Verde-type hurricane
* capping inversion (in meteorology) (see "severe thunderstorms" in paragraph 5)
* carbon cycle
* carbon fixation
* carbon flux
* carbon monoxide (see under Atmospheric presence)
* ceiling balloon ("to determine the height of the base of clouds above ground level")
* ceilometer ("to determine the height of a cloud base")
* celestial coordinate system
* celestial equator
* celestial horizon (rational horizon)
* celestial navigation (astronavigation)
* celestial pole
* Celsius
* Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) (in Oklahoma in the US)
* Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change (based in Arizona in the US)
* (Central America Hurricane of 1857: see) SS Central America (Ship of Gold)
* Central Florida Tornado of February 2007
* Certified Consulting Meteorologist
* chaos theory (see "butterfly effect" under Chaotic dynamics)
* (Chapman cycle: see) ozone-oxygen cycle
* chemtrail theory
* Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX)
* chinook wind (see "inversion smog" under Chinooks and health)
* Henry Helm Clayton
* clear-air turbulence (CAT)
* climate
* climate change
* Climate Diagnostics Center (in the US)
* climate engineering
* (climate forcing: see) radiative forcing
* Climate Group
* climate house
* climate model
* climate modeller
* Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) (in the US)
* Climate Outreach and Information Network (COIN) (British charity)
* (climate parameters, forcings and feedbacks: see) parametrization (climate)
* Climate Prediction Center (CPC)
* (climate science: see) climatology
* climate sensitivity
* (climate simulation: see) climate model
* climate surprise
* (climate techno-fix: see) climate engineering
* (climate theory: see) Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (see "climate theory" in paragraph 3 under Political views)
* (climate variability: see) climate change
* (climate warming: see) global warming
* (climate weapon: see) Weather modification (see under In the military)
* climateprediction.net (CPDN) (distributed computing project)
* climatic determinism (equatorial paradox) (see also environmental determinism)
* Climatic Regions of India
* Climatic Research Unit (at the University of East Anglia in the UK)
* (climatic zone: see) clime
* climatology
* clime (climatic zone)
* Clinton Foundation (see under Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI))
* cloud
* cloud albedo ("a measure of the reflectivity of a cloud")
* cloud base ("the lowest altitude of the visible portion of a cloud")
* cloud chamber (Wilson chamber) ("for detecting ... ionizing radiation")
* cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs) (see under Phytoplankton role)
* cloud cover
* cloud feedback
* cloud forcing (see "greenhouse effect" in paragraph 2)
* cloud forest
* (cloud formation: see) nephology
* cloud physics
* cloud seeding
* cloud street
* cloud suck
* cloudburst (see "destruction" in paragraph 2 and see "Mumbai" in paragraph 3)
* CloudSat ("a NASA environmental satellite")
* coefficient of haze (in meteorology)
* cold-core low
* cold weather boot
* cold weather rule (cold weather law) (for public utility companies)
* (coldest place on earth: see) climate of Antarctica (see under Temperature)
* coldest temperature achieved on Earth
* Colorado low
* Community Climate System Model
* continental climate
* contrail
* controlled airspace
* controlled atmosphere (for agricultural storage)
* convection (see under Atmospheric convection)
* convective available potential energy (CAPE) (in meteorology)
* convective condensation level (CCL)
* convective inhibition (CIN)
* convective instability
* convective temperature (T$_c$)
* Cooperative Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Terrestrial Applications (CIASTA)
* Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research
* Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR)
* Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research (CICAR)
* Cooperative Institute for Climate Science (CICS)
* Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER)
* Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS)
* Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS)
* Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)
* Cooperative Institute for Precipitation Systems (CIPS)
* Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)
* Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA)
* corona (meteorology)
* COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate)
* Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope (CAT)
* Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) ("to investigate the cosmic background radiation" etc.)
* cosmic microwave background experiments
* cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) (CMBR) (CBR) (MBR)
* cosmic noise
* cosmic ray (see under Lightning)
* Cosmochemical Periodic Table of the Elements in the Solar System
* cosmochemistry
* cumulonimbus cloud (see under Effects)
* (cumulonimbus with mammatus: see) mammatus cloud
* (cumulonimbus with pileus: see) pileus (meteorology)
* cumulus castellanus cloud
* cumulus cloud
* cumulus congestus cloud
* cumulus humilis cloud
* cumulus mediocris cloud
* (cup anemometer: see) anemometer (see under Cup anemometers)
* current solar income
* cyclogenesis
* cyclone
* cyclone furnace (a type of coal combustor)
* (cyclone preparedness: see) hurricane preparedness
* cyclonic separation (method of removing particles from an air or gas stream)

## D

* D region (in the atmosphere)
* Darrieus wind turbine
* dawn
* dBZ (meteorology)
* degree (temperature)
* deicing
* dendroclimatology ("extracting past climate information from information in trees")
* density altitude
* Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ)
* deposition (physics)
* (depression [meteorology]: see) low pressure area
* derecho (see also List of derecho events)
* dew
* dew point (dewpoint, T$_d$)
* dew point depression
* disdrometer
* downwelling
* drizzle
* drought
* dry-bulb temperature
* dry line (dew point line)
* dry punch
* dry season
* dusk

## E

* Earth's atmosphere
* Earth's magnetic field
* Earth System Research Laboratories (ESRL)
* economics of global warming
* Emagram
* effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans (see also Hurricane Katrina effects by region)
* effect of sun angle on climate
* Enhanced Fujita scale (EF scale)
* eolian processes
* equator (see under Equatorial seasons and climate)
* equilibrium level (EL)
* equivalent potential temperature
* equivalent temperature
* European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
* European Climate Change Programme (ECCP)
* European emission standards (for motor vehicles)
* European Severe Storms Laboratory (ESSL)
* European windstorm
* evaporation
* evaporative cooler
* evaporative cooling
* evaporite (a mineral sediment resulting from evaporation of saline water)
* evapotranspiration (ET) (sum of evaporation and plant transpiration)
* exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) (exhaust gas recycling)
* exosphere (layer of atmosphere)
* extratropical cyclone (mid-latitude cyclone)
* extreme weather
* extremes on Earth

## F

* fire whirl
* firestorm
* fog
* forensic meteorology
* free convective layer (FCL)
* freezing rain
* (front [meteorology]: see) surface weather analysis
* frontogenesis
* frontolysis
* frost
* frost creep (frost heave)
* frost flowers (frost castles) (ice castles) (ice ribbons) (ice blossoms)
* frost heaving (frost heave)
* frost law
* frost line
* (frost point: see) dew point (dewpoint)
* frostbite
* Fujita scale (F scale) (for measuring tornadoes)
* fulgurite
* (full lunar eclipse: see) lunar eclipse
* full-spectrum light
* funnel cloud (related to a tornado)

## G

* galactic cosmic ray (GCR)
* gale
* gale warning
* Galileo thermometer (Galilean thermometer)
* Galveston, Texas (see under Hurricane of 1900 and recovery)
* Galveston Hurricane of 1900 (in the US)
* gas balloon (see under History)
* gas flare (flare stack)
* (gas warfare: see) chemical warfare
* Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)
* glossary of climate change
* glossary of environmental science
* glossary of tornado terms
* glossary of tropical cyclone terms
* glossary of wildfire terms
* gustnado

## Ge-Gk

* geomagnetic storm
* (geomagnetism: see) Earth's magnetic field
* geospatial technology (Spatial Information Technology)
* Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) (a program of the US)
* geostatistics
* geostrophic wind
* Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)
* Global Forecast System (GFS)
* global warming
* greenhouse effect
* greenhouse gas (GHG)
* growing degree day (GDD)
* growing season
* gust front

## H

* hail
* halo (optical phenomenon)
* haze
* heat
* (heat budget: see) radiation budget
* (heat equator: see) thermal equator
* (heat lightning: see) lightning
* heat wave
* heating degree day (HDD)
* (Heaviside layer) Kennelly–Heaviside layer (E region) (in the atmosphere)
* Heavy snow warning
* heliostat
* High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)
* high pressure area
* High Resolution Fly's Eye Cosmic Ray Detector
* high-altitude airship (HAA)
* hodograph
* humid continental climate
* humid subtropical climate
* (humidex) heat index (HI)
* humidity
* HurriQuake nail (for resisting hurricanes and earthquakes)
* (hydrologic cycle) water cycle
* hydrological phenomenon
* hydrology
* hydrosphere
* hygrometer (different from hydrometer)
* hypercane ("hypothetical class of hurricane")

## I

* ice
* Ice Accretion Indicator
* ice age
* ice storm
* Ice Storm Warning
* illuminance
* impact winter
* impluvium
* in situ (see under Earth and atmospheric sciences)
* incidental radiator
* India Meteorological Department
* Indian summer
* infrared (IR) radiation (see under Meteorology)
* insolation
* instrument meteorological conditions (IMG)
* instrumental temperature record
* intentional radiator
* International Meteorological Organization (IMO)
* International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)
* International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)
* inversion
* Invest (meteorology)
* ion wind (ion wind) (coronal wind)
* ionosonde (chirpsounder)
* ionosphere
* ionospheric reflection
* ionospheric sounding
* iron cycle
* irradiance
* irradiation
* isobar
* isochore (in a thermodynamic diagram)
* isodrosotherm
* isogon (meteorology)
* (isogram) contour line (level set) (isarithm)
* isohel
* isohume
* isohyet
* isohypse (in topography)
* isotherm

## K

* katabatic wind

## L

* Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP)
* lake effect snow (a snowsquall)
* (lake surge: see) storm surge
* land hemisphere
* land lighthouse
* landspout
* lapse rate
* Lemon technique
* lenticular cloud
* level of free convection (LFC)
* life zone
* lifted condensation level (LCL)
* lifted index (LI)
* lightning
* lightning detection
* lightning prediction system
* lightning rod (lightning protector) (lightning finial)
* lightning safety
* (lightning storm) thunderstorm (T-storm) (electrical storm)
* lightvessel (lightship)
* line echo wave pattern (LEWP)
* line source ("a source of air, noise, water contamination or electromagnetic radiation")
* (list of all-time high and low temperatures by state: see) U.S. state temperature extremes
* list of basic earth science topics
* list of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
* list of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes
* list of cloud types
* list of coastal weather stations of the United Kingdom
* list of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
* list of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita
* list of Earth observation satellites
* list of lighthouses and lightvessels
* list of meteorological phenomena
* list of most polluting power stations
* list of named tropical cyclones
* list of Northern Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons
* List of derecho events
* list of power outages
* list of scientific journals in earth and atmospheric sciences
* list of Solar Cycles (list of sunspot cycles)
* list of tornado-related deaths at schools
* list of weather instruments
* list of weather records
* Little Ice Age (LIA)
* Local storm report
* low pressure area (see same for "low-pressure cell")
* (lowest elevations: see) list of places on land with elevations below sea level
* (luminous pollution) light pollution (photopollution)
* lunar phase

## M

* Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)
* magnetic storm (geomagnetic storm)
* magnetopause
* magnetosheath
* magnetosphere
* marine west coast climate (maritime climate) (oceanic climate)
* Mars Climate Orbiter
* Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (Martian Radiation Experiment) (MARIE)
* maximum parcel level (MPL)
* maximum sustained wind
* Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M)
* mean radiant temperature (MRT)
* Mediterranean climate
* medium Earth orbit (MEO) (intermediate circular orbit) (ICO)
* megathermal (macrothermal)
* melting
* mercury (element) (see "Clean Air Act" under United States)
* mercury-in-glass thermometer
* mesopause
* mesoscale convective complex (MCC)
* mesoscale convective system (MCS)
* mesoscale convective vortex (MCV)
* mesoscale meteorology
* mesocyclone
* mesohigh
* mesolow
* mesonet
* mesosphere
* mesothermal (in climatology)
* mesovortex
* Met Office (previously Meteorological Office) (the UK's national weather service)
* meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina
* Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC)
* meteorology
* metrology
* Miami Tornado (of May 12, 1997)
* Miami tornadoes of 2003
* microclimate
* microscale meteorology
* Mid-Atlantic United States flood of 2006
* middle latitudes
* midnight
* millimeter cloud radar (millimeter wave cloud radar) (MMCR)
* misoscale meteorology
* mist
* mixed layer
* mixing ratio
* moisture
* molecular-scale temperature
* moonlight

## N

* NASA Clean Air Study
* NASA Earth Observatory
* NASA World Wind (virtual globe)
* National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (in the US)
* National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) (in the US)
* National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (in the US)
* National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) (in the US)
* National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS) (in the US)
* (National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service: see) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (in the US)
* National Geomagnetism Program (in the US)
* National Hurricane Center (NHC) (in the US)
* National Map (in the US)
* National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (in the US)
* (National Severe Storms Forecast Center [NSSFC]: renamed) Storm Prediction Center (SPC) (in the US)
* National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) (in the US)
* National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) (in the US)
* National Solar Observatory (in the US)
* National Weather Association (NWA) (in the US)
* National Weather Center (NWC) (in the US)
* National Weather Service bulletin for New Orleans region (at 10:11 a.m., August 28, 2005)
* National Weather Service (NWS)
* nautical almanac
* nephology
* nephoscope
* night sky
* nimbus cloud
* nitrogen cycle
* (nitrogen pollution: see) eutrophication (see under Atmospheric deposition)
* NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards (NWR) (of the US)
* noctilucent cloud
* North Atlantic tropical cyclone
* North Pole
* numerical weather prediction

## O

* observational astronomy (see "light pollution" in places)
* observatory (see also list of observatories)
* ocean heat content (OHC)
* Ocean Prediction Center (OHC)
* occultation
* oceanic climate
* Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR)
* 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak
* orographic lift
* outflow boundary
* oxygen
* oxygen cycle
* ozone
* ozone depletion
* ozone depletion potential (ODP)
* ozone layer (ozonosphere layer)
* ozone-oxygen cycle

## P

* Pacific decadal oscillation
* paleoclimatology
* paleomagnetism
* paleotempestology
* parts-per notation
* photovore
* planetary boundary layer (PBL)
* pluvial lake
* pneumonia front
* polar circle
* polar climate
* polar easterlies
* polar high
* polar ice cap
* (polar light: see) aurora (astronomy)
* polar low
* (polar mesospheric cloud) noctilucent cloud
* polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE)
* polar night
* polar region
* (polar reversal) magnetic polarity reversal
* polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) (nacreous cloud)
* polar vortex
* Polarization (waves) (see under Polarization effects in everyday life)
* pole shift theory
* positive streamer
* post-glacial rebound
* potential evaporation
* potential temperature
* precipitation
* pressure gradient
* pressure gradient force (PGF)
* pyrocumulus

## Q

* Quantitative precipitation estimation
* Quantitative precipitation forecast
* Quasi-geostrophic equations

## R

* radiance
* radiant barrier
* radiant energy
* radiation
* radiation budget
* radiation hormesis
* radiation poisoning (radiation sickness)
* radiative cooling
* radiative forcing
* radiological weapon (radiological dispersion device [RDD])
* radiosonde
* radius of outermost closed isobar
* rain
* rain fade (fading of signal by rain or snow)
* rain gauge
* rain sensor
* rain shadow
* rainbow
* rainforest
* rarefaction
* RealClimate (commentary site on climate science)
* RealSky (digital photographic sky atlas)
* relative humidity
* relative pressure
* (relief precipitation: see) orographic lift
* research balloon
* resistance thermometer (resistance temperature detector) (RTD)
* rime (frost)

## S

* Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
* satellite temperature measurements
* (Sea Islands Hurricane) 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane
* sea level
* (sea level pressure) atmospheric pressure
* sea surface temperature (SST)
* severe weather
* severe weather terminology (United States)
* Skew-T log-P diagram
* sky
* skyglow
* smoke
* snow
* Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
* solar azimuth angle
* solar cell
* solar collector
* solar constant
* solar cycle
* solar eclipse
* solar flare (see under Hazards)
* solar furnace
* solar greenhouse (technical)
* solar heating
* solar maximum
* Solar Maximum Mission
* solar minimum
* solar mirror
* solar proton event
* solar radiation (solar irradiance)
* (solar storm) geomagnetic storm
* solar thermal collector
* solar thermal energy
* solar updraft tower
* solar variation
* solar wind
* solarium
* space geostrategy (astrostrategy) (geostrategy in space)
* Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC)
* space weather
* (specific humidity: see) humidity (see under Specific Humidity)
* squall
* squall line
* (standard atmospheric pressure) atmospheric pressure (standard atmosphere)
* standard conditions for temperature and pressure
* storm
* storm cellar
* storm chasing
* storm drain (storm sewer) (stormwater drain)
* storm-scale
* storm surge
* storm tide
* storm track
* storm warning (see same for "storm watch")
* storm scale
* stormwater
* stratopause
* stratosphere
* Stüve diagram
* subarctic
* subarctic climate
* subtropical cyclone (see same for "subtropical depression" and for "subtropical storm")
* subtropics (see same for "subtropical" and for "subtropical climate")
* sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID)
* sudden stratospheric warming
* sun
* sun dog (sundog) (parhelion)
* sunlight
* sunshower
* sunspot (see under "Significant events")
* supercell
* surface temperature inversion
* surface weather analysis
* surface weather observation
* synoptic scale meteorology

## T

* teleconnection
* temperature
* temperature extremes
* (temperature inversion) inversion (meteorology)
* temperature record
* temperature record of the past 1000 years
* tephigram
* The Weather Channel (TWC)
* The Weather Network
* thermal equator
* thermodynamic temperature
* thermometer
* thunder
* thundersnow
* thunderstorm (electrical storm)
* TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics)
* TOR
* tornado
* tornado climatology
* tornado intensity
* tornado warning
* tornado watch
* tornado emergency
* tornadogenesis
* torr (symbol: Torr) (millimetre of mercury) (mmHg)
* Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
* tropical climate
* tropical cyclogenesis
* tropical cyclone (tropical storm) (typhoon) (hurricane)
* Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA)
* tropical cyclone observation
* tropical cyclone prediction model
* tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
* tropical cyclone scales
* Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere program (TOGA)
* tropical rain belt
* Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
* Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (in Indonesia)
* (Tropical Research Institute) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) (in Panama)
* Tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT)
* tropical wave (African easterly wave)
* tropopause
* troposphere
* Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)
* tropospheric ozone
* tsunami
* Tsunami PTSD Center (Tsunami Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Center)
* tsunami warning system
* typical meteorological year

## U

* U.S. state temperature extremes
* ultraviolet
* United States temperature extremes
* urban heat island (UHI)
* UV index

## V

* vapor pressure
* virtual temperature
* vorticity

## W

* waterspout
* water vapor
* weather
* weather forecasting
* weather front
* weather lore
* Weather Modification Operations and Research Board (US)
* Weather Prediction Center (WPC)
* weather radar
* weather satellite
* wet-bulb potential temperature
* wet-bulb temperature
* wind
* wind chill
* wind direction
* wind gradient
* wind profiler
* wind shear
* wind speed
* windcatcher
* Windscale fire
* winter storm
* Winter Storm Warning
* Winter Weather Advisory
* World Asthma Day
* World Climate Change Conference, Moscow
* World Climate Conference
* World Climate Programme
* World Climate Report
* World Climate Research Programme
* World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
* World Solar Challenge

## Z

* Zonal wavenumber