OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Norwich & Brandon Railway

The Norwich & Brandon Railway (N&BR) was the second railway in Norfolk, England, after the Yarmouth & Norwich Railway (Y&NR). Its Act of Parliament on 10 May 1844 authorised it to build a line between Norwich and the small town of Brandon, actually just across the border in Suffolk.

## Construction and opening

The line from Norwich to Brandon was constructed by Messrs Grissell & Peto, and the engineers were Robert Stephenson (1803–1859) and George Parker Bidder (1806–1878). It is likely that it was Bidder, rather than Stephenson, who was closely involved with the project on a day-to-day basis. Construction of the 40 miles were completed with a ceremonial opening on 29 July 1845, at the same time as the Eastern Counties Railway celebrated their through route from Shoreditch, London, to Brandon, albeit via the leased Northern & Eastern Railway line from Stratford, London to Newport; the regular passenger service followed on 30 July 1845. The first temporary terminus was just west of the River Wensum, pending the completion of the Trowse swing bridge which was achieved in December 1845. Through services from Shoreditch to Norwich Thorpe station started on 15 December 1845.
Generous provision was made for the maintenance of locomotives at Brandon with a six road engine house being provided although once the ECR took over the NR in 1848 the shed's role was diminished as there was no longer a requirement to change locomotives there as they worked through to or from Norwich.

## Merger

A month before opening the N&BR and Y&NR had merged via act of Parliament of 30 June 1845 to form the Norfolk Railway, with 58 route miles, itself a founding constituent of the Great Eastern Railway amalgamation in 1862.
# Diatreme

A diatreme, sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion. When magma rises up through a crack in Earth's crust and makes contact with a shallow body of groundwater, rapid expansion of heated water vapor and volcanic gases can cause a series of explosions. A relatively shallow crater (known as a maar) is left, and a rock-filled fracture (the actual diatreme) in the crust. Where diatremes breach the surface they produce a steep, inverted cone shape.

## Etymology and geology

The word comes from Ancient Greek δία- (dia-) 'through, across, over' and τρῆμα (trêma) 'hole, aperture'. The term diatreme has been applied more generally to any concave body of broken rock formed by explosive or hydrostatic forces, whether or not it is related to volcanism. Even within volcanology, the term has been used more generally by some than others, and in kimberlite terminology continues to be contentious. A current geological understanding is that diatreme describes the overall structure cut into the substrate (some have used the term “pipe” for this hence the common term volcanic pipe). In a simple diatreme, the structure narrows fairly regularly with depth and eventually terminates in the dike (dyke), or part of a dike, that fed the eruption. The transition from diatreme to dike occurs in a “root zone” that is the lowest part of the diatreme structure, immediately above the dike, which comprises coherent igneous rock. Maar-diatreme volcanoes are volcanoes produced by explosive eruptions that cut deeply into the country rock, with the maar being "the crater cut into the ground and surrounded by an ejecta ring".

## Global distribution

Maar-diatreme volcanoes are not uncommon, reported as the second most common type of volcano on continents and islands. At the surface they may be hard to recognise if shallow and dry or eroded and can be up to 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide, but are often much smaller.
Igneous extrusions cause the formation of a diatreme only in the specific setting where groundwater exists; thus most igneous intrusions do not produce diatremes as they do not reach the surface so as to become extrusions, and further do not also intercept significant amount of groundwater when they become extrusions.
Examples of diatremes include the Blackfoot diatreme and Cross diatreme in British Columbia, Canada.

## Economic importance

Diatremes are sometimes associated with deposition of economically significant mineral deposits such as kimberlite magma, which originates in the upper mantle. When a diatreme is formed due to a kimberlite intrusion, there is a possibility that diamonds may be brought up, as diamonds are formed in the upper mantle at depths of 150-200 kilometers. Kimberlite magmas can sometimes include chunks of diamond as xenoliths, making them economically significant.
# Shantilal Mukherjee

Shantilal Mukherjee is an Indian actor associated with Bengali-language theatre and films.

## Biography

Mukherjee was born in Kolkata. He lost his father in an early age. He was admitted in Sarsuna High School from where he passed Madhyamik examination. He passed Higher Secondary Examination from New Alipore Multipurpose High School. He graduated from the Asutosh College, a University of Calcutta affiliate.
Mukherjee is mainly knowns as a stage actor. Ramaprasad Banik and Chandan Sen taught him acting.He is currently the General Secretary of "West Bengal Motion Picture Artists' Forum" since 2022. His son is Rwitobroto Mukherjee who is also an actor, working primarily in films, web series and stage.

## Filmography

* Bandhan (2004) as Priyo Da, Rohit's friend
* Badsha the King (2004) as Kartik, Shaktinath's PA
* Antarmahal (2005) voice actor
* Shikar (2006)
* MLA Fatakeshto (2006) as Haridas, Ranodeb Pal's PA
* Anuranan (2006)
* Kaalbela (2009)
* Chaowa Pawa (2009)
* Kaler Rakhal (2009)
* Moner Manush (2010)
* Kahaani (2012) as R. Shridhar
* Macho Mustanaa (2012)
* Le Halua Le (2012) as Police Inspector
* Kidnapper (2013)
* Chhayamoy (2013)
* Kanamachi (2013)
* Kangal Malsat (2013)
* Baari Tar Bangla(2014)
* Chirodini Tumi Je Amar 2 (2014) as Owner of Chanachur Factory
* The Royal Bengal Tiger (2014) as Deepankar
* Pendulum (2014)
* Buno Haansh (2014) as Rafik
* Chotushkone (2014) as Police Officer
* Yoddha: The Warrior (2014)
* Guddu Ki Gun (2015) as Anand "Antique Moshai" Mukhopadhyay
* Byomkesh Bakshi (2015)
* Jamai 420 (2015) as Potla Poda
* Byomkesh O Chiriyakhana (2016)
* Power (2016) as Hari
* M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016) as Sarkar
* Amar Aponjon (2017) as Joydip's father
* Chalbaaz (2018) as Pappu Mallick
* Pari (2018) as Police Inspector
* Bhaijaan Elo Re (2018) as Sudhir Mukherjee
* Goyenda Tatar (2018) as Abbas
* Kaali (2018)
* Jamai Badal (2019) as Pronam Pal
* Bhootchakra Pvt. Ltd. (2019)
* India's Most Wanted (2019) as Shaumik Biswas
* Goyenda Junior (2019) as Sanjay
* Panther (2019) as Jahangir/Firoz Khan
* Mukhosh (2020) as Sabyasachi Banerjee
* Rawkto Rawhoshyo (2020) as Dr. Burman
* SOS Kolkata (2020) as Matthew Henriques, Retired Army General
* Michhil (2020)
* Tiki-Taka (2020)
* Miss Call (2021) as OC Sadananda Sen
* F.I.R No. 339/07/06 (2021) as Bhagirath Mishra
* Ogo Bideshini (2022)
* Kurban (2023)
* Bhootpori (2024) as Kalo Thakur
* Mirza (2024)
* Dispersion (Upcoming)

### Radio

* In 2022, Radio Mirchi Kolkata aired Sunil Gangopadhyay's Kakababu adventure story Bhoyonkor Sundor. The character of Kakababu was voiced by Mukherjee while RJ Agni voiced the character of Santu.

## Awards

* 2021: Films and Frames Digital Film Awards - Best Performance in A Negative Role for FIR
# Baitul Jame Mosque, Offenbach

The Baitul-Jame Mosque in Offenbach am Main is one of Germany's largest mosques, situated on Boschweg in Offenbach am Main.
The mosque was designed by Mubashra Ilyas and is maintained by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
* This Ahmadiyya-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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* This article about a mosque or other Islamic place of worship in Europe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Davide Zanetti

Davide Zanetti (born 14 March 1995 in Gardone Val Trompia) is an Italian rugby union player. His usual position is as a Lock and he currently plays for Calvisano in Top12.
For 2016–17 Pro12 season, Zanetti was named as Additional Player for Zebre.
In 2014 and 2015, he was also named in the Italy Under 20.
# 1991 Burkinabé presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Burkina Faso on 1 December 1991. They were the first elections in the country since 1978, but were boycotted by the opposition parties. The result was a victory for the only candidate, incumbent President Blaise Compaoré, although voter turnout was just 27.3%.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Blaise Compaoré | Organization for Popular Democracy – Labour Movement | 750,146 | 100.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 750,146 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 750,146 | 86.42 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 117,892 | 13.58 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 868,038 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 3,179,053 | 27.30 |
| Source: Nohlen et al. |||||
# Rouhollah Zamani

Rouhollah Zamani (Persian: روح‌الله زمانی) is an Iranian actor, known for his performance in the 2020 film Sun Children.

## Career

Zamani rose to prominence for his performance as Ali in the 2020 acclaimed drama film Sun Children, which was shortlisted at the 93rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. He won a Marcello Mastroianni Award, a Children and Youth International Film Festival Award and a Fajr Film Festival Honorary Diploma for his performance.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
| 2020 | Sun Children | Ali | Majid Majidi | Shortlisted at the 93rd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film |
| 2022 | The Situation of Mehdi | Khosrow Molazadeh | Hadi Hejazifar | Nominated – Crystal Simorgh for Best Supporting Actor |
| 2023 | In the Arms of the Tree | | Babak Lotfi Khajehpasha | |
| 2024 | Light Blue | | Babak Lotfi Khajehpasha | |
| 2024 | The West Sky | | Mohammad Asgari | |
| TBA | Matricide | | Meysam Mohammadkhani | Short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes | Network | Ref. |
| 2023 | Ashura | Khosrow Molazadeh | Hadi Hejazifar | TV series | IRIB TV1 | |

## Awards and nominations

Name of the award ceremony, year presented, category, nominee of the award, and the result of the nomination :
| Award | Year | Category | Nominated Work | Result |
| Asian Film Awards | 2021 | Best Newcomer | Sun Children | Nominated |
| Fajr Film Festival | 2020 | Special Jury Prize | Sun Children | Honorary Diploma |
| Fajr Film Festival | 2022 | Best Actor in a Supporting Role | The Situation of Mehdi | Nominated |
| Fajr Film Festival | 2023 | Best Actor in a Supporting Role | In the Arms of the Tree | Nominated |
| Hafez Awards | 2021 | Best Actor – Motion Picture | Sun Children | Nominated |
| International Film Festival for Children and Youth | 2020 | Best International Children and Youth Actor | Sun Children | Won |
| Urban International Film Festival | 2022 | Best Actor | Sun Children | Nominated |
| Venice International Film Festival | 2020 | Marcello Mastroianni Award | Sun Children | Won |
# Joe Boehling

John Joseph Boehling (March 20, 1891 – September 8, 1941) was a Major League Baseball pitcher for seven seasons. He played with the Washington Senators from 1912 to 1916, and the Cleveland Indians from 1916 to 1920.
Boehling made his major league debut on June 20, 1912, in a 5–0 loss against the Philadelphia Athletics. He went on to play two more games during the 1912 season, finishing with five innings pitched.
In 1913, Boehling was used primarily as a starter alongside Walter Johnson in what was his best season. He pitched in 38 games, starting 25 of them, and finished the season with 18 complete games and three shutouts. He finished with a 17 7 record and an ERA of 2.14. His ERA of 2.14 was sixth in the American League, better than the ERAs of Hall of Famers Chief Bender (2.21) and Rube Marquard (2.50).
In January 1914, Boehling signed a one-year contract to continue playing with the Senators. He played 34 games during the 1914 season, and finished the season with a 12–8 record and a 3.03 ERA.
The 1915 season saw Boehling pitch a career high number of games with 40, 32 of them starts. After a 14–13 record in 1915 and a 9–11 record the following season, the Senators traded Boehling. On August 18, 1916, Boehling was traded along with Danny Moeller to the Cleveland Indians for Elmer Smith and Joe Leonard. He finished the season by pitching in 12 games for the Indians, then pitched in 12 the following season. On July 30, he was sent to the minor leagues by the Indians, and did not play in the major leagues again until 1920. He played in three games for the 1920 Cleveland Indians team that went on to win the World Series, and played his final major league game on June 3, 1920.
He was a better than average hitting pitcher in his major league career, posting a .212 batting average (66-for-312) with 30 runs, 1 home run, 24 RBI and 19 bases on balls. Defensively, he was above average, recording a .952 fielding percentage which was 12 points higher than the league average at his position.
After retiring, Boehling managed an American Legion baseball team in Richmond, Virginia, and worked in the feed and seed business with his brother. He died on September 8, 1941, at the age of 50 as a result of injuries sustained from a fall.
# 1996 Melbourne City Council election

The 1996 Melbourne City Council election was held on 16 March 1996 to elect nine councillors to the City of Melbourne. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in Victoria, Australia.
Melbourne was composed of four single-member wards using preferential voting, as well as a five-member council-wide ward using proportional representation, totalling nine councillors. This system, known as "dual voting", existed only in Melbourne at the time and was considered by the state government to be a "special arrangement".
Ivan Deveson led the business-supported "Melbourne First" group and was successful at getting elected. Future lord mayor Peter Costigan ran unsuccessfully on the group's ticket.
At the time, the position of Lord Mayor of Melbourne was not directly elected, and Devson was elected to the position by a vote of fellow councillors following the election.
# Pamela Morsi

Pamela Morsi (March 12, 1951 – December 14, 2024) was an American writer. She was the author of 29 romance novels, beginning in 1991.

## Biography

Morsi was a USA Today Bestselling Author and wrote 29 novels. She was a two-time recipient of the RITA Award for her novels Courting Miss Hattie (Single Title Historical Romance - 1992) and Something Shady (Long Historical Romance - 1996). She was a librarian, with a master's degree from University of Missouri and a BA from Oklahoma State University. Morsi was known for writing primarily fiction and romance novels that feature stories of humor and insight as she portrays the lives of ordinary people in everyday situations. At the time of her death, she was living with her husband and daughter in San Antonio, Texas.

## Book to film adaptation

Morsi helped in her community on issues regarding accessible transportation and foster parenting for the disabled. She also helped organize the regional games for Special Olympics. Her interest in people with special needs is also shown through characters in her books, notably the mentally-disabled lead character of "Jelly" in her 2010 novel The Bikini Car Wash. The Bikini Car Wash has been optioned for development as In-Plainview (www.In-Plainview.com), a cable network series and feature film spin-off by actor/producer Bryan Kent in Los Angeles.
# Institute of Nuclear Physics

Institute of Nuclear Physics may refer to:
* Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia
* Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany
* Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
* Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, India
* Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University Russia
* Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Physics, Pakistan
# Hugh Planche

Hugh Lakin Planche ECA (October 3, 1931 – December 15, 2024) was a Canadian politician from the province of Alberta. He served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1975 to 1986. During his time in office he served as a member of the Executive Council of Alberta as Minister of Economic Development in the Peter Lougheed government from 1979 to 1986.

## Political career

Planche ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature for the first time in the 1975 Alberta general election. He won a landslide majority and defeated Liberal leader Nicholas Taylor to hold the electoral district of Calgary-Glenmore for the Progressive Conservatives.
Planche would run for a second term in the 1979 Alberta general election. His popular vote would take a significant hit as he lost just over 10% from the 1975 election. Nick Taylor would also make big gains in his second run against Planche. Planche still held his seat with a solid majority of the vote. After the election on October 1, 1979, Premier Peter Lougheed appointed Planche Minister of Economic Development.
Planche ran for his third and final term in the 1982 Alberta general election. With his ministerial advantage he rolled up a massive majority taking nearly 80% of the popular vote. Planche retired at dissolution of the legislature in 1986. Planche died at the age of 93 on December 15, 2024, in Calgary.
# Jimmy Marks (born 1945)

Jimmy Marks (February 14, 1945 – June 27, 2007) was a Romani American who lived in Spokane, Washington. He referred to himself as a "Rom".
Marks became widely known in 1986 when the Spokane police department raided his home, performed searches, and confiscated property ($1.6 million in cash and $160,000 in jewelry) without a valid search warrant. The police claimed that 35 items were from burglaries.
The Markses claimed that the cash was being held for other Romani families who did not trust banks. Marks brought suit against the city of Spokane for $59 million, and after 11 years the case was settled out of court for $1.43 million. The lawsuit has been cited as a landmark case in the civil rights of Romani Americans.
Due to bringing too much exposure to the Romani community of Spokane, Marks was deemed marime by the community and therefore an outcast. He was not invited to social events such as weddings and funerals and was refused food when he arrived uninvited.
# Lorenzo Lazzari

Lorenzo Lazzari (born 23 August 1974) is a former Italian male middle-distance runner who won a bronze medal at the 1999 Summer Universiade.

## Biography

Lazzari won four national titles at senior level. In add of this in 1998, establishing his Personal Best with 3:37.00 in 1500 metres, he had reached the 24th place in the seasonal world lists. He also participated at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships at individual senior level.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Time |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca | 3rd | 1500 m | 3:42.36 |
| 2000 | European Indoor Championships | Ghent | 12th | 1500 m | 3:51.60 |
| 2002 | European Championships | Munich | 20th | 1500 m | 3:49.06 |

## National titles

He won 5 national championships at individual senior level.
* Italian Athletics Championships
** 1500 metres: 1998, 1999, 2001
* Italian Indoor Athletics Championships
** 1500 metres: 2002
# Sadique Henry

Sadique Henry (born 3 October 1994) is a Jamaican cricketer. He made his List A debut on 9 November 2019, for Combined Campuses and Colleges in the 2019–20 Regional Super50 tournament.
# Datafication

Datafication is a technological trend turning many aspects of our life into data which is subsequently transferred into information realised as a new form of value. Kenneth Cukier and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger introduced the term datafication to the broader lexicon in 2013. Up until this time, datafication had been associated with the analysis of representations of our lives captured through data, but not on the present scale. This change was primarily due to the impact of big data and the computational opportunities afforded to predictive analytics.
   Datafication is not the same as digitization, which takes analog content—books, films, photographs—and converts it into digital information, a sequence of ones and zeros that computers can read. Datafication is a far broader activity: taking all aspects of life and turning them into data [...] Once we datafy things, we can transform their purpose and turn the information into new forms of value

## Ideology

Datafication has an ideological aspect, called dataism:
   "The drive towards datafication is rooted in a belief in the capacity of data to represent social life, sometimes better or more objectively than pre-digital (human) interpretations.”

## Examples

Datafication is often applied to social and communication media. Some examples include how Twitter datafies stray thoughts, as well as datafication of HR by LinkedIn and others.
Other examples include aspects of the build environment, and design via engineering and or other tools that tie data to formal, functional, or other physical media outcomes. Data collection and processing for optimal control (e.g., shape optimization) is another example.

## Impact
### Human resources

    Data obtained from mobile phones, apps or social media usage is used to identify potential employees and their specific characteristics such as risk taking profile and personality. This data will replace personality tests. Rather using the traditional personality tests or the exams that measure the analytical thinking, using the data obtained through datafication will change existing exam providers. Also, with this data new personality measures will be developed.

### Insurance and Banking

    Data is used to understand an individual's risk profile and likelihood to pay a loan.

### Customer relationship management

    Various industries are using datafication to understand their customers better and create appropriate triggers based on each customer's personality and behaviour. This data is obtained from the language and tone a person uses in emails, phone calls or social medias.

### Smart city

    Through the data obtained from the sensors that are implemented into the smart city, issues that can arise might be noticed and tackled in areas such as transportation, waste management, logistics, and energy. On the basis of real-time data, commuters could change their routes when there is a traffic jam. With the sensors that can measure air and water quality, cities can not only gain a more detailed understanding of the pollution levels, but may also enact new environmental regulations based on real-time data.