OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dawn of Freedom Operations Room

Dawn of Freedom Operations Room (Arabic: غرفة عمليات فجر الحرية, romanized: Ghurfat ʻamalīyāt Fajr al-ḥurrīyah) also known as Fajr al-Hurriya Operations Room is a Syrian militant operations room that is led by the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army during the Syrian civil war, specifically against both the Syrian Arab Army and the Syrian Democratic Forces and their regiments.

## History

Three days after the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives, on 30 November 2024, the Syrian National Army announced the establishment of the Dawn of Freedom Operations Room, named after the Operation Dawn of Freedom with the goal of capturing as much territory from the Syrian Democratic Forces, Syrian Arab Army, Russian and Iranian backed forces. They announced this in Aleppo, as they vowed to liberate all Syrian government and Iranian-backed militia held areas. After its establishment the Dawn of Freedom Operations room pushed north and east of Aleppo after it was taken over by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, with the operations room taking Tell Rifaat from the Kurdish militants. Though the Dawn of Freedom Operations Room are allies with Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, they later condemned Hayat Tahrir al-Sham for seizing a thermal power station from the Sultan Murad Division in a statement released by the official WhatsApp channel of the organization. The member units of the Dawn of Freedom Operations Room are Sultan Suleiman Shah Division, the Sultan Murad Division, the Liberation and Construction Movement with many others belonging to the Syrian National Army.

### Manbij offensive

After the defeat of most of the Syrian government forces in the north Syrian National Army controlled areas, the Dawn of Freedom Operations Room launched an offensive in Manbij where they subsequently seized control of areas south of Manbij. This was met with resistance from the Manbij Military Council of the Syrian Democratic Forces with clashes happening between the operations room and the Syrian Democratic Forces on the frontlines of Tokhar, Awn Dadat, Arab Hassan Kabir and Al-Arimah with support from Turkish drone strikes against the Syrian Democratic Forces. The Syrian Democratic Forces has escalated their fight with Turkish backed groups during this offensive and during this offensive, the shift of focus between the Syrian Arab Army and its allies to the Syrian Democratic Forces was prevalent.
Despite accusations of anti-Kurdish sentiment, the Dawn of Freedom Operations Room has denied these claims and stated that the Kurdish people are their "brothers".
# Amargosa toad

The Amargosa toad (Anaxyrus nelsoni) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It was at one time considered to be a subspecies of the western toad. It is threatened by habitat loss and is classified by the IUCN as being critically endangered.

## Etymology

The specific name nelsoni honors Edward William Nelson, an American naturalist and ethnologist.

## Distribution and habitat

The Amargosa toad is endemic to the Oasis Valley in the Amargosa Desert in Nye County, Nevada, United States. Its natural habitat is along a 10 miles (16 km) stretch of the Amargosa River in the Oasis Valley between Springdale and Beatty, in tributary springs and in nearby isolated springs. The riverside growth consists of cottonwoods, sedges and cattails and breeding takes place in the springs where there is often little aquatic vegetation.

## Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the status of the Amargosa toad as being critically endangered. Factors that adversely affect it include variable amounts of rainfall, the increased use of off-road vehicles, the trampling of grazing animals, dredging operations for flood control and commercial development. Another threat is the introduction of non-native species that prey on it including catfish, crayfish and bullfrogs. The population of the toads is believed to be in decline.
Effective steps are being taken by local citizens, ranchers, and farmers to preserve and restore the Amargosa toad's population in the area, in part to avoid federal intervention through the Endangered Species Act.
# Brunel Bridge

Brunel Bridge is an informal or local reference to any one of several famous bridges in England built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, including:
* The Clifton Suspension Bridge across the Avon Gorge in Bristol
* The Royal Albert Bridge across the River Tamar from Devon to Cornwall
* Maidenhead Railway Bridge across the River Thames in Maidenhead
or:

## Other

* The Brunel Bridge Roundabout in Slough, famous by its appearance in the opening titles of the Ricky Gervais sitcom The Office
# A. guineensis

A. guineensis may refer to:
* Abacetus guineensis, a ground beetle
* Acanthodactylus guineensis, the Guinea fringe-fingered lizard, found in Africa
* Acanthus guineensis, a plant found in Africa
* Allocyttus guineensis, a fish found in the Atlantic Ocean
* Alyattes guineensis, a synonym of Pterolophia guineensis, a longhorn beetle
* Anajapyx guineensis, a dipluran
* Anauxesida guineensis, a longhorn beetle
* Arctides guineensis, a slipper lobster found in the Bermuda Triangle
* Aslauga guineensis, the Guinea aslauga, a butterfly
# Robert Lee Norton House

The Robert Lee Norton House is a historic house located at 2045 Church Street in Cypress, Florida.

## Description and history

The Queen Anne style house was completed in 1904. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 22, 1996.
# Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar

The Hayatabad Medical Complex is a large medical complex and hospital located in the Hayatabad suburb of Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The second largest hospital in the city, it is a medical postgraduate training centre. The hospital provides medical and surgical specialties in the fields of Optometry, Cardiology, Paediatrics, Physiotherapy, Plastic Surgery, Psychiatry, as well as Dentistry, Dermatology, Orthopedic and Spine Surgery, PEADS, Pulmonology, and Human Nutrition. Apart from the western parts of Peshawar, the hospital also serves patients coming from surrounding regions and neighboring Afghanistan for treatment.

## History

The construction of the hospital started in 1990 and was completed in 1992 with a total expenditure of US$17.83 million and 520 beds.
In 2017, a Burns and Trauma Centre was established in the hospital.
# Richard Grossinger

Richard Grossinger (born Richard Towers; 1944) is an American writer and founder of North Atlantic Books in Berkeley, California.

## Biography

Grossinger was born and raised in New York City, attended Horace Mann School, Amherst College, and the University of Michigan, earning a B.A. in English at Amherst and a Ph.D. in anthropology at Michigan. With his girlfriend at Smith College (later his wife) Lindy Hough, he founded the journal Io in 1964, then founded North Atlantic Books in Vermont in 1974. Between 1970 and 1972 he taught anthropology at the University of Maine, Portland-Gorham, now the University of Southern Maine, and between 1972 and 1977 he taught interdisciplinary studies (including alchemy, Melville, Classical Greek, Jungian psychology, and ethnoastronomy) at Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont. An ethnographer and self-described psycho-spiritual explorer, as well as a writer and publisher, he has latterly studied a range of alternative medicines.
As a child, a psychic told him that his biological father had actually been a member of the Grossinger family (of the Grossinger's Catskill Resort Hotel, where Grossinger had vacationed) and he eventually changed his last name to reflect this family connection. However, years later he learned that his biological father had been an entirely different person with no connection to the resort.
His brother was Jonathan Towers, a poet who committed suicide in 2005. His daughter is filmmaker, author and performance artist, Miranda July. His son is Robin Grossinger, an author and Senior Scientist at the San Francisco Estuary Institute.
# Normans Kill

The Normans Kill is a 45.4-mile-long (73.1 km) creek in New York's Capital District located in Schenectady and Albany counties. It flows southeasterly from its source in the town of Duanesburg near Delanson to its mouth at the Hudson River in the town of Bethlehem. In the town of Guilderland, the stream is dammed to create the Watervliet Reservoir, a drinking water source for the city of Watervliet and the Town of Guilderland. A one megawatt hydrolectric plant at the dam provides power to pump water to the filtration plant.
The Normans Kill has a drainage area of over 170 square miles (440 km$^2$), and includes portions of Schoharie County along with the counties in which the Normans Kill itself flows through.
The Normans Kill has been used historically as a source of water power during colonial times, during which many mills sprung up along its banks. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, blocks of ice were cut out of the creek for shipment to the city of New York as a form of early refrigeration. Its name is derived from the Dutch word for a Norwegian, who the Dutch called "North Men or Normans", hence North Man's Stream/Creek" the ethnicity of Albert Andriessen Bradt (originally spelled "Bratt"), an early settler who owned sawmills near the first waterfall of the creek in the early 17th century, and the word kill, Dutch for creek. Earlier names of the stream include Godyns Kil, Norman's Kill, Normans Kil, and the indigenous place name Ta-wa-sen-tha, Ta-wal-sou-tha, or Tawalsontha. Locals call and spell it Normanskill (one word) Creek

## Geography

The Normans Kill is over 45 miles (72 km) long with a basin that is over 170 square miles (440 km$^2$). The last 1-mile (1.6 km) is tidal.

## History

Originally called "Tawasentha" (a place of the many dead), the Normans Kill is named for Albert Andriessen Bradt, a Norwegian immigrant to Rensselaerswyck. The creek is named for his Norwegian (Norman) heritage. He was one of the first Scandinavians to the Dutch colony of New Netherland. He was a tobacco planter and as such came to the area of the Normans Kill for that purpose. He proceeded to construct two sawmills along the Normans Kill.

## Tributaries

* Vly Creek - Vlaie meaning "swamp" in Dutch.
* Krum Kill
* Hunger Kill
** East Branch Hunger Kill
** Blockhouse Creek
*** Kaikout Kill
* Bozen Kill
** Wolf Creek
* Bonny Brook
* Indian House Creek
I-os-co is the historical Native American name for a tributary of Normans Kill in Guilderland, but its current name is not known.
# Xanthomonas cucurbitae

Xanthomonas cucurbitae is a species of bacteria.
# 1946 in Belgium

Events from the year 1946 in Belgium

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Leopold III
* Regent: Prince Charles
* Prime Minister:
** Achille Van Acker (to 13 March)
** Paul-Henri Spaak (13 March to 31 March)
** Achille Van Acker (31 March to 3 August)
** Camille Huysmans (from 3 August)

## Events

* 10 January – Paul-Henri Spaak was elected as the first President of the UN General Assembly
* 17 February – Legislative elections
* 24 February – Provincial elections
* 12 April – Flemish nationalist leader August Borms executed by firing squad as a collaborator
* October – École Royale Technique de la Force Aérienne established outside Sint-Truiden
* 24 November – Municipal elections

## Publications

* Fernand Baudhuin, Histoire économique de la Belgique, 1914-1939 (Brussels, E. Bruylant)
* Jan Albert Goris, The Growth of the Belgian Nation (New York, N.Y., Belgian Government Information Center)
* Katharine Roberts, And the bravest of these (Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday & Company)

## Deaths

* 22 September – Marguerite Putsage (born 1868), painter
# Stono River

The Stono River or Creek is a tidal channel in southeast South Carolina, located southwest of Charleston. The channel runs southwest to northeast between the mainland and Wadmalaw Island and Johns Island, from north Edisto River between Johns (West) and James (East) Islands. The Intracoastal Waterway runs through southwest–northeast section of the channel.
In 1725, Columbian mammoth teeth were excavated from the vicinity by African slaves, with the slaves correctly noting the resemblance to teeth of African elephants from their homeland.
The Stono River is noted for the Stono Rebellion which started on September 9, 1739. Started by slaves from West Africa, likely from the Kingdom of Kongo, it became the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution.
On June 20, 1779, it was also the site of the Battle of Stono Ferry during the American Revolution.
On January 30, 1863, as part of the American Civil War, a Confederate force captured the Union steamer USS Isaac Smith in which 8 men died and a further 17 were wounded in crossfire.

## Bridges

* John F. Limehouse Memorial Bridge
* Paul J. Gelegotis Memorial Bridge
# Stony Brook (Mehoopany Creek tributary)

Stony Brook is a tributary of Mehoopany Creek in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 4.3 miles (6.9km) long and flows through North Branch township and Forkston Township. The brook has a tributary known as Red Brook. Logging was done in the upper reaches of the watershed of Stony Brook in the early 1900s.

## Course

Stony Brook begins in North Branch Township. It enters a valley and flows southeast for approximately two miles (three kilometers) before turning south and entering Forkston Township. Shortly afterwards, the brook receives the tributary Red Brook and turns east. Further downstream, it bends south and then southwest before it reaches its confluence with Mehoopany Creek.
Stony Brook joins Mehoopany Creek 12.20 miles (19.63 km) upstream of its mouth.

### Tributaries

Stony Brook has a tributary known as Red Brook, which has a watershed of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km$^2$).

## Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Stony Brook is 1,082 feet (330 m) above sea level. The elevation of the source of the brook is between 2,200 and 2,220 ft (670 and 680 m).
There are two conglomerates in the vicinity of Stony Brook. Coal is also found close to the brook. By the late 1800s, a thousand tons of coal had been mined in the area.

## Watershed

The watershed of Stony Brook has an area of 6.87 square miles (17.8 km$^2$).

## History and industries

Logging has historically taken place in the watershed of Stony Brook. Between 1911 and 1916, between 30,000 and 40,000 feet (9,100 and 12,200 m) of wood per day were logged at the headwaters of the brook and at Crane Swamp. Most of this wood was spruce.

## Biology

Stony Brook is inhabited by native trout. It is well known to locals for this reason.
# Stuart Cornes

James Stuart Cornes (born 4 March 1960) is a Welsh former footballer who played as a centre-back.
Cornes was born in Usk. He started his career at Hereford United in 1978, making 93 league appearances and scoring 3 league goals between 1978 and 1982. He subsequently joined Cheltenham Town, where he won the Southern Football League Premier Division in the 1984–85 season.
# Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami

The Khanate Mansion and Garden of Amin Islami (or simply referred to as: Khanate Mansion of Amin Islami, or Mansion of Amin Islami; Persian: عمارت و باغ امین اسلامی) is one of the historical buildings and gardens of the city of Nishapur. The building was built in the Pahlavi era of Iran. This building is part of the Iranian national heritage list with the registration number of 4809.
This mansion has been the personal home of one of the khans of Nishapur, named Amin Islami, in the Pahlavi era. This mansion along with its garden are now used as a public space. This mansion is located within one of the busiest areas of the city and is close to the downtown of Nishapur. Another historical garden/park is located in front of the southern section of this garden which with the name of Baghmeli of Nishapur (Persian:باغ ملی نیشابور) or literally "The national garden of Nishapur".
This mansion/garden along with the Baghmeli of Nishapur is situated next to a hospital and several commercial centers, restaurants, cafes and two hotels.

## Gallery

* Front view of the mansion
* The view of the mansion from its back.
* Entrance of Baghmeli which is close to the southern section of the Amin Islami Garden.
# Stonycreek River

The Stonycreek River (also referred to as Stony Creek) is a tributary of the Conemaugh River, approximately 45 mi (72 km) long, in southwestern Pennsylvania, United States.

## Course

It rises in the mountains of eastern Somerset County from the headwater spring, Pius Spring, in Berlin, and flows north past Shanksville, Stoystown, Hooversville, and Ferndale. It joins the Little Conemaugh River at Johnstown to form the Conemaugh River. Additional variant names include: Achsinne-hanne, Gordon, and Sinne-hanna.
The river basin is in a highly scenic area but had been considered among the most degraded in the state, largely as the result of acid mine drainage from the long history of coal mining in the region. The recovery of the river has been an ongoing project of federal, state, and private agencies, and continues to progress. In recent decades, the river has become a popular destination for trout fishing.

## Recreation

Following the sale of the Quemahoning Reservoir by Bethlehem Steel Corporation to the Cambria Somerset Authority, there have been periodic releases of water into the Stonycreek in order to facilitate whitewater rafting as an additional recreational opportunity. As of early 2010, there was a proposal to substantially increase discharges from the reservoir to improve whitewater rafting on the Stonycreek River.
# Hisaichi Ishii

Hisaichi Ishii (いしい ひさいち or 石井 壽一, Ishii Hisaichi, born September 2, 1951, in Tamano, Okayama Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese manga artist. He is best known outside Japan for his manga series Nono-chan, which was adapted into the Studio Ghibli anime film My Neighbors the Yamadas. Topics covered by Ishii's manga include baseball (in his debut work), politics, economics, current events and topics, philosophy, and so on. He is known for his extreme caricatures of well-known celebrities and well known people, including Kōichi Tabuchi (a pro baseball catcher in Japan), Kim Jong Il, and Tsuneo Watanabe (executive director of the Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings group, owner of the Yomiuri Shimbun).
Ishii graduated with a degree in sociology at Kansai University.

## Works

Listed alphabetically.
* B-gata Heiji Torimonochō (B型平次捕物帳)
* Baito-kun (debut professional work)
* Bungō Junjū (文豪春秋)
* Chiteijin (地底人)
* Comical Mystery Tour (コミカル・ミステリー・ツアー, Komikaru Misuterī Tsuā)
* Daimondai (大問題)
* Dotabata Party (ドタバタぱぁティー, Dotabata Pātī)
* Doughnuts Books
* Ganbare!! Tabuchi-kun!! (がんばれ!!タブチくん!!, Ganbare!! Tabuchi-kun!!)
* Ganzen no Teki (眼前の敵)
* Gendai Shisō no Sōnanja-tachi (現代思想の遭難者たち)
* Gokiburi Shinbun (ゴキブリ新聞)
* Hmph! (フン!, Fun!)
* Hon no Issatsu (ほんの一冊)
* Hon no Hondana (ほんの本棚)
* Ishii Hisaichi's CNN
* Ishii Hisaichi no Keizaigairon (いしいひさいちの経済外論)
* Ishii Hisaichi no Mondaigairon (いしいひさいちの問題外論)
* Ishii Hisaichi no Taiseikai (いしいひさいちの大政界)
* Kagami no Kuni no Sensō (鏡の国の戦争)
* Makamaka Mangaman (まかまか漫マン)
* Ninja Mugeichō (忍者無芸帖)
* Non-Career Woman (ノンキャリウーマン, Nonkyari Ūman)
* Nono-chan (formerly titled My Neighbors the Yamadas)
* Odoru Taisekai (踊る大政界)
* Ojamanga Yamada-kun
* Ōsaka 100en Seikatsu Baito-kun Tsūshin (大阪100円生活バイトくん通信)
* Scrapstic (スクラップスチック, Sukurappusuchikku)
* Shin Ninja Mugeichō (新忍者無芸帖)
* Tonari no Nono-chan (となりのののちゃん)
* Wai wa Asashio ya (ワイはアサシオや)
* Watashi ni wa Mukanai Shokugyō (女（わたし）には向かない職業)
* Watashi wa Neko de Aru (わたしはネコである)
* Watashi wa Neko de Aru Satsujin Jiken (わたしはネコである殺人事件)
Sources:
# Violin sonata

A violin sonata is a musical composition for violin, often accompanied by a keyboard instrument and in earlier periods with a bass instrument doubling the keyboard bass line. The violin sonata developed from a simple baroque form with no fixed format to a standardised and complex classical form. Since the romantic age some composers have pushed the boundaries of both the classical format as well as the use of the instruments.

## The early violin sonata

In the earliest violin sonatas a bass instrument and the harpsichord played a simple bass line (continuo) with the harpsichord doubling the bass line and fixed chords while the violin played independently. The music was contrapuntal with no fixed format. Georg Philipp Telemann wrote many such sonatas as did Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach also wrote sonatas with harpsichord obbligato, which freed the keyboard instrument from playing only a bass line accompaniment and allowed in to enhance the part of the soloist. He also wrote sonatas for solo violin without any kind of accompaniment.

## The classical sonata form

Mozart was instrumental in the development of the classical violin sonata of which at least 36 are known. Mozart wrote mostly two movement sonatas, generally a fast movement in sonata form and a second, slower movement in various formats. In his later sonatas he added a third fast movement in various formats. Several of his violin sonatas feature a movement in theme and variation format.
Beethoven wrote ten violin sonatas throughout his composing career. His sonatas matured in both style and complexity; the Kreutzer Sonata is a work of extreme contrast. A rendition typically lasts forty minutes and is very demanding on both players.
Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, Schubert, Weber, Liszt, Richard Strauss, Franck, Fauré, Debussy, Ravel, Prokofiev and Shostakovich amongst other later composers added to the repertoire pushing the form to its limits, or writing rules of their own.

## The modern violin sonata

Schnittke (with his polystylistic technique), and Henze are noted modern composers of the violin sonata who have all brought about radical reformation of the classical sonata form as well as new technical demands on the performers.
# Francesco Muttoni

Francesco Muttoni (January 22, 1669 – February 21, 1747) was an Italian architect, engineer, and architectural writer, mainly active near Vicenza, Italy.

## Biography

He was born in Lacima, near Porlezza, on Lake Lugano, but his family moved to Vicenza in 1696, where his father worked as a bricklayer.
In Vicenza, he was a pupil of Giovanni Battista Albanese, who in turn had trained with Vincenzo Scamozzi.
He is also known for his edition of the Architecture text of Antonio Palladio. He was known to correspond closely with Lord Burlington, who built Chiswick Hall.
He died in Vicenza.

## Works

Among his works, mainly in Vicenza were the following :
* Palazzo della pubblica biblioteca
* Palazzo Repeta in piazza San Lorenzo (now Bank of Italy)
* Palazzo dei Velo in contrà Lodi
* Palazzo dei Valmarana a S. Faustino e in Borgo Berga
* Porticoes leading to the Basilica di Santa Maria di Monte Berico
* Palazzo di Monte di Pieta, Vicenza (facade)
* Villa Fracanzan Piovene a Orgiano (1710)
* Villa Da Porta La Favorita at Brendola (1714-1715)
* Villa Valmarana Morosini ad Altavilla Vicentina (1724)
* Palazzo Trento-Valmarana (1717)
* Capella Thiene in the church of Santa Corona, Vicenza (1725)
* Villa Valmarana ai Nani
* Villa Loschi Zileri dal Verme
* Villa Monza (1715) a Dueville
* Villa Checcozzi (1717) a San Tomio di Malo
* Villa Trento (1717–18) di Costozza
* Villa Cerchiari (1722) a Isola Vicentina
* Villa Capra (1728) a Santa Maria di Camisano
* Villa Negri (1708)
* Gardens of Villa Trissino at Trissino