OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghurid Pashtuns

Ghurid, (also Ghouri, Ghauri) are subtribe of the larger Ghauriyakhel Pashtun tribe. The tribe later engulfed the pashtoons, converts Muslims and converts Christians from Buddhist of Ghor Afghanistan named Ghuraid after the battles conquered by Muhammad of Ghor's courtier referred to him as the "Sultan-i-Ghazi" (sultan of the holy warriors) and portrayed his Indian expeditions as a battle between the army of Islam and the army of infidels.
Their descendants are known as GHURAIDS in war times later GHAURI from Afghanistan And GHOURI within the Iran Turkey and all over Indian subcontinent.

## Origin and inhabitance

They originate from Tribe of Muhammad Ghori, who came to Turkey, Iran and Indian peninsula during the successive Muslim invasions of the 11th and 12th centuries AD, forming a part of the Afghan armies of Mahmud of Ghazni and Muhammed Ghori. Gradually over the centuries they settled in leading cities of subcontinent. With their martial background, they were in great demand as soldiers and mercenaries for different principalities. The city of Meerut, in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, has been said to be the earliest settlement of the Ghuraids or Ghauri/Ghori in North India, and the Ghauris have been settled there for at least eight hundred years with other pathan tribes in the district include the Kakar, Bangash, Tareen and Afridi. In Lahore, a historic cultural center of wider Punjab region, Ghauris settled within the confines of Mochi Gate, which itself is marred form of Urdu word “Morchi” meaning “Trench Soldier” different streets (Mohallahs) still bear their old names like Mohalla Teer-garan (arrow craftsmen), Mohalla Kaman-garan (bow craftsmen) etc. Even today we find bazaars on the same names. This is further supported by remnants of graves as old as six hundred years in Miani Sahib's Graveyard, the oldest graveyard in the city. Some instances of migration from India to various areas of Pakistan at the time of partition of 1947 have also been observed.
Moving on-wards from 11th and 12th century, successive generations have homogenized within the regional culture. They use Khan or Ghauri or Khan Ghauri as their surname. Today Ghauris are a widely spread community of people not only in Turky Iran and Afghanistan but also present day Pakistan and India. In India they are found in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and places nearby Delhi because they first settled in Delhi and then they moved further into neighboring places. In Rajasthan they are in Jayal and Didwana tehsils of Nagaur District but they are now absorbed into muslim Rajput communities like Deshwali, Qaimkhani due to marital relations into communities mentioned above. (majorly northern parts) perfectly assimilated into the local culture. Thus spread over a vast geographical area and riven by socio-economic, political, tribal and linguistic differences, nevertheless sharing a unique sense of common identity.
# Andrew Steane

Andrew Martin Steane is Professor of physics at the University of Oxford. He is also a fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
He was a student at St Edmund Hall, Oxford where he obtained his MA and DPhil.
His major works to date are on error correction in quantum information processing, including Steane codes. He was awarded the Maxwell Medal and Prize of the Institute of Physics in 2000.

## Papers

* "Quantum Computing" Reports on Progress in Physics 61: 117–173. Steane, A.M. (1998)
* "A Quantum Computer Needs Only One Universe" Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 34B: 469–478, Steane, A.M. (2003)

## Books

* The Wonderful World of Relativity: A Precise Guide for the General Reader. Oxford U. Press. 2011. ISBN 9780199694617.
* Relativity Made Relatively Easy. Oxford University Press. 2012.
'Relativity Made Relatively Easy' is a text that follows closely to the 'Symmetry and Relativity' course that he teaches to third-year undergraduates at the University of Oxford. Except for Spinors, which is intended to be included in his next publication.
* Faithful to Science: The Role of Science in Religion. Oxford University Press. 2014.
* Thermodynamics by Andrew Steane
# Al-Suwaira fuel dump explosion

vteIraq War (Outline) :
On January 9, 2005, a 27-man team of Kazakh sappers from the Kazbat engineer battalion collected 35 aerial bombs that Iraqi police had found stashed near the central military base of Al-Suwaira, located 6 miles south of Baghdad. The bombs were loaded onto transport trucks from where they would be defused at the Al-Suwaira Multinational Division Central-South army base.

## Events

At 12:05 a.m, the trucks reached the base and a Ukrainian back-up team from the 72nd mechanized battalion assisted the sappers in unloading the explosives from the transport vehicles. While this was happening an explosive rigged between two of the aerial bombs detonated itself, caused a mass explosion that killed 8 Ukrainian troops and a Kazakh sapper, while also wounding 10 others of varying degrees, including 6 Ukrainians and 4 Kazakhs. Among the dead was a 72nd Battalion lieutenant colonel.
Following the incident, the Islamic Army in Iraq claimed responsibility for the explosion. According to the Ukrainian contingent commander in Iraq, Major General Serhii Popko, there were reports of men sitting in a car and surveying the troops unload the charges before the blast, and then quickly speeding away afterwards. This caused speculation as to whether the IED was triggered remotely.
In reaction to the deaths, Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma called for the withdrawal of troops from Iraq. This was the primary cause that led to the direct pullout of 1,650 Ukrainian troops in December 2005. The Kazakh mission pulled out in 2008, suffering its sole fatality.
# Spring Village, Shropshire

Spring Village is a location in the Telford and Wrekin borough in Shropshire, England. It forms part of the Dawley Hamlets civil parish alongside Aqueduct, Doseley, Horsehay, Lightmoor and Little Dawley. The village was first mentioned in 1754 and 1757 when it was associated with the Horsehay Ironworks. It later developed around the Industrial Revolution and the-then new town of Telford in the 1960s and 1970s. It once had its own chapel but this closed in 1968 and it is also home to the Telford Steam Railway, which also has a station named Spring Village. The village is primarily residential and industrial.
Horsehay and Spring Village conservation area, also referred to as Horsehay conservation area, was designated in 1999.
# September 2024 pro-Palestinian strike in Spain

A one-day strike action took place in Spain on 27 September 2024, led by the CGT trade union federation and multiple other organizations.

## Demands

The stated reasons for the strike included actions of Israel such as denying the right of return to Palestinians and continued occupation of Palestinian territories; and both inaction and complicity of Spanish institutions, including the national governments, past and present, such as lack of trade sanctions against Israel and allowing continued sales of weapons to Israel.
The communiqué referred to the recognition of Palestine by the Spanish government, but described it as merely a symbolic act meant to temporarily satisfy and "demobilize" supporters of Palestine and delay the "implementation of real measures". The communiqué calls on the Spanish government to cut all diplomatic, commercial and military relations with Israel.

## Organizers and supporters

The CGT (General Confederation of Labor) is a trade union federation in Spain that has around 100,000 members. Its views are anarcho-syndicalist.
The CGT called for a general strike and was joined by multiple other organizations including the left-wing student union Sindicato de Estudiantes. Large trade unions UGT and CCOO (about 1 million members each) did not join the strike.

## Tactics

Strike tactics included picketing and street marches.
The CGT estimated that around 20,000 people took part in "pickets and actions" during the morning of 27 September 2024.
Street marches took place in various localities across Spain during the afternoon. Those in Barcelona and Madrid were joined by 4500 and 6000 people, respectively, according to the authorities. The CGT claimed that the combined number of protesters in all the localities where protests took place was nearly 150,000.
# Embassy of Palestine, Khartoum

Embassy of the State of Palestine in Sudan (Arabic: سفارة دولة فلسطين لدى السودان) is the diplomatic mission of the Palestine in Sudan. It is located in Khartoum.
# Gastropholis tropidopholis

Gastropholis tropidopholis is a species of lizard endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# La Prensa Libre

La Prensa Libre (The Free Press) was a daily newspaper published in San José, the capital city of Costa Rica. It was the country's oldest continually published newspaper, founded on 11 June 1889.
The newspaper stopped publishing its print edition on 31 December 2014, and moved to a digital format in January 2015. In August 2020, Grupo Extra announced that the newspaper was to cease publication, citing reduced advertising revenue due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Coeur d'Alene Parkway State Park

Coeur d'Alene Parkway State Park is a 5.7-mile-long (9.2 km) paved trail in Kootenai County, Idaho, United States. The parkway is located south of Coeur d'Alene along the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene. It is a portion of the North Idaho Centennial Trail. Park features include a boat launch, docks, and picnic area at Higgens Point.
# Marcus Lawton

Marcus Dwayne Lawton (born August 18, 1965) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He was born on August 18, 1965, in Gulfport, Mississippi. Drafted by the New York Mets in 1983. he played in 10 career games with the New York Yankees of the Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1989, compiling 3 hits in 14 at-bats. He played his final game on October 1, 1989. His younger brother, Matt Lawton, also played in the majors.
# Bedford Racecourse

Bedford Racecourse was a former horse racing venue in Bedford, England.
In 1811, it held the first steeplechase over manufactured fences in front of a crowd of 40,000 spectators. A horse called Fugitive won, beating a horse called Cecilia over a three-mile course in which four 4 ft 6in fences were each jumped twice.
It was hosting two annual meetings by 1840.
# Robert W. Gardner House

The Robert W. Gardner House in Quincy, Illinois, Adams County, is designed in the Second Empire style (along with a few elements common to Italianate style) and found its place among the locales on the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1979. Though the building was constructed in the later half of the 19th century, 1873, the architect as well as the builder are unknown. The interior woodwork, all original, has been fully restored including the walnut staircase. Gardner invented the speed governor used in steam engines and the Gardner Museum of Architecture and Design in Quincy is named for him.
# Bertram Cohen

Bertram Cohen (25 September 1892 – 30 June 1955) was an Australian cricketer. He played four first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1914 and 1934. At club level he played for St Kilda.
# Robert and Suzanne Drucker House

The Robert and Suzanne Drucker House is an architecturally significant house in Wilmette, Illinois, United States. It was designed by architect Harry Weese for his sister Sue Drucker and her husband Robert. Brother Ben Weese designed an addition in 1963.

## History

Sue (née Weese) Drucker was the younger sister of architect Harry Weese. In 1952, she and her husband Robert Drucker were living with their three children in an Evanston, Illinois apartment when they decided that they wanted to have a house. Her brother Harry Weese was an architect who started his own practice in 1947 following World War II. They chose to stay in the vicinity, selecting a site in nearby Wilmette, Illinois by her mother. Construction took much longer than expected, as Harry had to fire his contractor halfway through the project. The house was completed in 1954.
Because Harry Weese was close with his family, he had a good idea of what Sue was looking for in a home. He designed the house to have many windows on the south so that it would always be filled with sunlight during the day. Although it is generally an open floor plan, rooms could also be closed off with accordion doors for privacy. In lieu of garage—which Harry saw only as a storage building—Weese designed a carport with storage cabinets. In 1963, Harry and Sue's brother Ben Weese designed a second-floor wing with three bedrooms. Sue resided in the house until her death at the age of 100 in November 2023.

## Architecture

The Robert and Suzanne Drucker House is in the Indian Hills Subdivision of Wilmette. It is on the south side of Iroquois Street halfway between Illinois Road to the east and Hibbard Road to the west. The house stands out on its block, which is otherwise filled with standard historical revival homes. It is situated on a deep rectangular 0.5-acre (0.20 ha) lot with a fenced rear yard. The house sits 85 feet (26 m) back from Iroquois Street. The two-story house is generally L-shaped with its long portion parallel to Iroquois and its wing extension on the west. Typical of the International Style, the house lacks excess ornamentation. Roofs are flat, covered with tar and gravel, and edged with aluminum. Exterior walls are painted vertical board-and-batten cedar siting. Doors and windows have painted metal frames. The carport, porches, and terrace have wood privacy walls.
The main section of the house measures 40 by 18 feet (12.2 m × 5.5 m). Originally one story, the Druckers commissioned a second-story addition on the main section in 1963. The rear wing is irregular, measuring 45 feet (14 m) on the west, 18 feet (5.5 m) on the south, 35 feet (11 m) on the east and 9 feet (2.7 m) on the north. The front porch and terrace, extending 10 feet (3.0 m) from the house, stretch 30 feet (9.1 m) along the front of the house. To the west of the porch and terrace is the 18-by-20-foot (5.5 m × 6.1 m) carport. The rear of the house features a 15-by-10-foot (4.6 m × 3.0 m) screened-in porch with a flat roof and a simple wooden cornice. A small terrace fits between the porch and the western wing of the house.
# Dobrá Voda, Trnava District

Dobrá Voda is a municipality of Trnava District in the Trnava region of Slovakia.

## Cultural sites

A Roman Catholic church from 1820 and a Holy Trinity chapel from 1730 are located in the village.
The ruins of the Dobrá Voda castle are located in the Little Carpathians in Dobrá Voda.

## Notable people

The most important poet of the Bernolák's group. Ján Hollý, lived and worked during the last years of his life (1843–1849) in Dobrá Voda.

## Earthquakes

The village of Dobrá Voda was the seismologically most active region of Slovakia in the 20th century. In 1906 this resulted in the heaviest earthquake of that century in Slovakia happening in this region.
# Billy McColl (actor)

William Collins (15 November 1951 – 1 January 2014), better known by his stage name Billy McColl, was a Scottish actor.
Billy McColl died on 1 January 2014, aged 62, in London, England. He was survived by his daughter, Maud.

## Filmography

Films and television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1978 | ITV Playhouse | Eric | Episode: Cold Harbour |
| 1978 | The One and Only Phyllis Dixey | Angus Watson | |
| 1979 | The Music Machine | Mark | |
| 1978–1979 | Play for Today | Phil McCann / John Duncan | 2 Episodes Episode: The Slab Boys Episode: Dinner at the Sporting Club |
| 1980 | Holding the Fort | Private Dunbar | Episode: Twelve Good Men and Pooh |
| 1980 | Grandad | Dave Corby | Season 2, Episode 5 |
| 1984 | Murder Not Proven | John Laurie | Season 1, Episode 2 |
| 1984 | Ordeal by Innocence | Jacko Argyle | |
| 1986 | Shoot for the Sun | Johnson | |
| 1986 | Doctor Who | Humker | Episode: The Trial of a Time Lord |
| 1989 | Dream Baby | Kenny | |
| 1991 | Jute City | | |
| 1993 | Soft Top Hard Shoulder | Kevin the Guru | |
| 1994 | Between the Lines | Detective Superintendent Mike Perren | Season 3, Episode 8 |
| 1995 | 99-1 | Dyer | Season 2, Episode 8 |
| 1995 | Hamish Macbeth | Francie McGlip | Season 1, Episode 5 |
| 1996 | Pie in the Sky | Minder | Season 3, Episode 4 |
| 1994–1996 | The Bill | Chris McReady / Gavin Jackson | Season 10, Episode 92 Season 12, Episode 91 |
| 1998 | Looking After Jo Jo | Billy | |
| 1998 | Oktober | Billy | Season 1, Episode 3 Season 1, Episode 2 |
| 1998 | The Jump | Ricky Brett | 4 Episodes |
| 1998 | Picking up the Pieces | Jimmy Parr | Season 1, Episode 4 |
# Roberts-Morton House

Roberts-Morton House, also known as the Old Stone House, is a historic home located in Ohio Township, Warrick County, Indiana. Just east of the town of Newburgh. It was built in 1833–1834, and is a two-story, rectangular, Federal style cut stone dwelling. It has a low gable roof and exterior end chimneys. The front facade features a two-story, Greek Revival style projecting portico.$^{:2}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
The house is currently a private residence. The homeowner wanted to try to keep the tile in the original design when he updated it. From a guy that did the tile in the house.
# Birtukan Fente

Birtukan Fente Alemu (born 18 June 1989) is an Ethiopian runner competing primarily in the 3000 metres steeplechase. She represented her country at the 2011 and 2015 World Championships reaching the final on the first occasion.
Fente has won multiple elite cross country races including Cross della Vallagarina, Antrim International Cross Country, and Lotto Cross Cup de Hannut. She is from Bekoji, Ethiopia.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Ethiopia ||||||
| 2005 | World Youth Championships | Marrakech, Morocco | 13th | 3000 m | 9:58.72 |
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | 8th | 3000 m s'chase | 9:36.81 |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 24th (h) | 3000 m s'chase | 9:39.77 |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 11th (h) | 3000 m s'chase | 9:33.99$^1$ |
$^1$Did not start in the final

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 1500 metres – 4:31.96 (Rieti 2011)
* 3000 metres – 9:04.87 (Padova 2010)
* 5000 metres – 15:16.69 (Shanghai 2015)
* 3000 metres steeplechase – 9:24.91 (Rome 2015).
Indoor
* 5000 metres – 15:22.56 (Stockholm 2015)
# Robertson County Courthouse and Jail

The Robertson County Courthouse and Jail in Franklin, Texas, serves as the county courthouse for Robertson County. The jail was constructed in 1879 and the courthouse was completed in 1880. It was designed by Frederick Ernst Ruffini and built in the Second Empire. Its signature mansard roof was removed in 1924 but was restored in the 2010s. It was listed as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1968 and on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## History

After Robertson County's organization in 1838, the county seat moved several times. Planning for the new courthouse-jail complex in Franklin began after the 1879 general election concluded the county seat would move there from Calvert. As planned by Austin architect Frederick Ernst Ruffini, the site was to be on the main public square. The jail was constructed by James P. Smith in 1879 for a cost of $11,485. Construction on the courthouse was approved in 1881 and completed in 1882 at a total cost of $30,000.
In 1924, remodeling works were carried out by Hix McCanless. The original mansard roof was removed in favor of modernizing the building with a flat, Mission-type facade. This new roof consisted of a parapet separated from the original walls by an overhanging roof supported by brackets.
Additional remodeling works occurred in 1973 as part of a $500,000 plan to repair and restore several features. The interior was completely gutted and windows were repaned. The roof was also renovated and lowered. Another annex building was added for more office space.
In 2014, more major remodels were completed, which reintroduced several original features that had been lost over the decades. The Mission-style parapet and awnings were removed entirely, and the roof as initially installed in 1882 was rebuilt. Modern steel windows were replaced with wooden frames. Inside, two original wooden staircases were reconstructed. Lindale-based architectural firm Mark A. Thatcher, AIA led the restoration, and J.E. Kingham Construction Company of Nacogdoches carried out construction.

## Architecture

The courthouse's rectangular footprint measures 81 ft 11 in (25.0 m) by 66 ft 5 in (20.2 m). Its exterior walls are made of Austin limestone. It was originally constructed in the Second Empire style. The roof—which was demolished in 1924 but restored in 2014—features corner pavilions and a central tower topped by mansard roofs inset with galvanized iron dormers. Clocks are set into the top of the tower.
# Florimond Bonte

Florimond Bonte (22 January 1890 – 19 November 1977) was a French communist politician and journalist.

## Biography

Florimond Bonte was born in to modest Catholic family. While working as a tracher, he was active in his youth within the Christian-democratic movement Le Sillon led by Marc Sangnier. In 1914, as an opponent of socialism, he debated the socialist leader Jules Guesde, who had a great influence on him.
During the First World War, he was wounded in September 1914 at the Battle of the Marne. Taken prisoner in 1916, he read Das Kapital and other Marxist works while he was in contact with Russian prisoners, which led to his conversion to socialism. He took part in 1918 in the German Revolution as a participant in certain deliberations of the Workers' and Soldiers' Council in the Giessen region. After returning to France, he participated in the creation of the Northern Federation of the Republican Association of Veterans (ARAC), chaired by Henri Barbusse. A member of the Northern Federation of the French Section of the Workers' International, he participated, after the Tours Congress in 1920 and became a founding member of the French Communist Party. He became secretary of the PCF Federation of the North, then in 1924, he was appointed with Maurice Thorez as secretary of the communist region of the North and Pas-de-Calais. From 1929 to 1934, Bonte served as editor-in-chief of L'Humanité. In the 1936 legislative elections, he was elected deputy in the 2nd constituency of the 11th arrondissement of Paris. He joined the Universal Suffrage Commission and the Foreign Affairs Commission. He spoke in favour of collective security and general disarmament, and denounced the consequences of the Munich Agreement.
As co-signatory with Arthur Ramette of a letter written on behalf of the French Workers' and Peasants' Group, he requested the Chamber examine peace offers from the USSR. Bonte was arrested by the police, imprisoned, stripped of his mandate and then sentenced on April 3, 1940 by a military tribunal of Paris to 5 years in prison, a 5,000 franc fine and 5 years of deprivation of his civil and political rights.
Imprisoned in several prisons in France, and then transferred with 26 of his colleagues to the Maison-Carrée penitentiary in Algeria, where he was later released after the Allied landings in North Africa in 1943. In November of the same year, he was appointed by the French Committee of National Liberation as a delegate to the Provisional Consultative Assembly, where he was one of the representatives of the communist group in the Chamber of Deputies.
In 1945, he was elected to the 1st National Constituent Assembly, in the 3rd constituency of the Seine, then re-elected in 1946 to the 2nd National Constituent Assembly. He sat again in the National Assembly in November 1946, and was re-elected in 1951 and 1956. He returned to the Foreign Affairs Committee.