OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ronald, Washington

Ronald is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kittitas County, Washington, United States. The population was 308 at the 2010 census.
Ronald was named for Alexander Ronald, a former coal mine superintendent in the area.

## Geography

Ronald is located in western Kittitas County on the north side of the valley of the Cle Elum River. Washington State Route 903 passes through the community, leading southeast 5 miles (8 km) to Cle Elum and northwest 3 miles (5 km) to its end at Cle Elum Lake.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Ronald CDP has a total area of 0.93 square miles (2.4 km$^2$), all of it land.

### Climate

This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ronald has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 265 people, 103 households, and 66 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 332.2 people per square mile (127.9/km$^2$). There were 186 housing units at an average density of 233.2/sq mi (89.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.23% White, 1.13% African American, 1.51% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.38% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.64% of the population.
There were 103 households, out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.0% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,063, and the median income for a family was $38,906. Males had a median income of $37,708 versus $20,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,415. None of the families and 9.6% of the population were living below the poverty line.
# Antal Szendey

Antal Szendey (7 March 1915 – 6 May 1994) was a Hungarian rower who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics and in the 1948 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Erzsébetfalva. In 1936 he was a crew member of the Hungarian boat which finished fifth in the eight event. At the 1947 European Rowing Championships in Lucerne, he won a gold medal in the coxed pair event. At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, he won the bronze medal with the Hungarian boat in the coxed pair competition.
He died in Budapest in 1994.
# Pretty Easy privacy

pretty Easy privacy (p≡p or pEp) was a pluggable data encryption and verification system that provided automatic cryptographic key management through a set of libraries for written digital communications.
It existed as a plugin for Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird as well as a mobile app for Android and iOS. p≡p also worked under Microsoft Windows, Unix-like and Mac OS X operating systems. Its cryptographic functionality was handled by an open-source p≡p engine relying on already existing cryptographic implementations in software like GnuPG, a modified version of netpgp (used only in iOS), and (as of p≡p v2.0) GNUnet.
pretty Easy privacy was first released in 2016. It is a free and open-source software.
p≡p was advertised as being easy to install, use, and understand. p≡p did not depend on any specific platform, message transport system (SMS, email, XMPP, etc.), or centrally provided client–server or "cloud" infrastructures; p≡p is fully peer-to-peer by design.
Keys are exchanged opportunistically by transferring via email.

## Enigmail support

Enigmail announced its support for the new "pretty Easy privacy" (p≡p) encryption in a joint Thunderbird extension to be released in December 2015. Patrick Brunschwig, the head of Enigmail, announced that p≡p core functionality was implemented in Enigmail in October 2016, ready for the Mozilla Festival then taking place in London.
In July 2020, Thunderbird 78 dropped support for the Enigmail Add-On. Thunderbird 78 includes OpenPGP functionality and no longer requires the installation of external software.

## ISOC support

The Internet Society Switzerland Chapter (ISOC-CH) and the Swiss p≡p foundation teamed up to implement privacy-enhancing standards at the basic level of internet protocols, and document them in the work of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

## Controversy and Closure

In March 2021, reports surfaced that p≡p had paid for fake reviews for their apps.
As of January 2024, the company overseeing p≡p is not operational. Its website no longer functions, and development of the system has ceased.
* Free and open-source software portal

## See Also

* GNU Privacy Guard
* Pretty Good Privacy
# Awa'uq Massacre

The Awa'uq Massacre or Refuge Rock Massacre, or, more recently, as the Wounded Knee of Alaska, was an attack and massacre of Koniag Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) people in August 1784 at Refuge Rock near Kodiak Island by Russian fur trader Grigory Shelekhov and 130 armed Russian men and cannoneers of his Shelikhov-Golikov Company.

## Massacre

Since 1775 Shelekhov had been trading with Alaska Natives in the Kuril and Aleutian islands of present-day Alaska. In April 1784 he returned to found a settlement on Kodiak Island and the coast of the mainland. The people occupying the area initially resisted, and fled to the secluded stack island Refuge Rock (Awa'uq in Alutiiq language, approximate meaning 'where one becomes numb') of Partition Cove on Sitkalidak Island. It was across Old Harbor in the Kodiak Archipelago.
The Russian promyshlennikis attacked the people on the island by shooting guns and cannons, slaughtering an estimated 200 to 500 men, women and children on Refuge Rock. Some sources state the number killed was as many as 2,000, or 3,000 persons. Following the attack of Awa'uq, Shelikhov claimed to have captured over 1,000 people, detaining some 400 as hostages, including children. The Russians suffered no casualties.
This massacre was an isolated incident, but the violence and taking of hostages resulted in the Alutiiq becoming completely subjugated by Russian traders thereafter. Qaspeq (literally: "kuspuk"), was an Alutiiq (Sugpiaq) who had been taken as a child as a hostage from Kodiak; he was raised in servitude by the Russians in the Aleutians. Having learned Russian, he became an interpreter for them with the Alutiiq. Qaspeq had once betrayed the location of a refuge island just offshore of Unalaska Island.
More than five decades after the massacre, Arsenti Aminak, an old Sugpiaq man who had survived the massacre, reported his account of these events to Henrik Johan Holmberg (sometimes known as Heinrich Johann) (1818–1864), a Finnish naturalist and ethnographer. Holmberg was collecting data for the Russian governor of Alaska.
Aminak said:
   The Russians went to the settlement and carried out a terrible blood bath. Only a few [people] were able to flee to Angyahtalek in baidarkas; 300 Koniags were shot by the Russians. This happened in April. When our people revisited the place in the summer the stench of the corpses lying on the shore polluted the air so badly that none could stay there, and since then the island has been uninhabited. After this every chief had to surrender his children as hostages; I was saved only by my father's begging and many sea otter pelts.

## Aftermath

The years 1784–1818 were called the "darkest period of Sugpiaq history," as the Russians treated the people badly. They also suffered high mortality from infectious diseases unwittingly introduced by the Russians. In 1818 there was a change in the management of what was then known as the Russian-American Company, referring to Russians operating in North America.
In 1827 collection of yasak (ясак) tax was banned by Catherine the Great.
# Miki Kam

Miki Kam (Hebrew: מיקי קם; born 17 June 1955) is an Israeli actress, comedian, dubber and singer. She is known for her roles in Ha-Shminiya (2005), Giv'at Halfon Eina Ona (1976) and Sublet (2020).

## Biography

Kam was born on June 17, 1955, in Kibbutz Manara in northern Israel. Kam grew up in Tel Aviv and studied in the youth village HaKfar HaYarok from age 15 until her military service.
In her military service she served in the Nahal military ensemble, where she had her own comedy show. There, she met her husband Yehuda Eder. Eder is now the president of Rimon school of music.
In 1976, she hosted the "Hebrew Song Celebration" that replaced the traditional "Israel Song Festival".
In theater, Kam was a part of many famous theater troupes including Habima Theatre, Cameri Theatre, Jerusalem Khan Theatre. She starred in dozens musicals including Cabaret, Twelfth Night, Ghetto, Fiddler on the Roof, Billy Schwartz and more. She was also part of many children's theater musicals like Hansel and Gretel, Pippi Longstocking, Anne of Green Gables and more.
In 1987, she competed in the Kdam Eurovision, the Israeli national preselection of the Eurovision Song Contest. She competed with the song "Kazino olami" (קזינו עולמי) and secured the 3rd place.
In cinema, Kam starred in the Israeli movies: Giv'at Halfon Eina Ona, A Movie and a Breakfast (he), Late Summer Blues, Leylasede (he), Little Heros (he) and Kicking Out Shoshana.
On television, she appeared in several TV shows, the most famous being Ha-Shminiya, Bnot HaZahav, and Shtisel. She also made many guest appearances in various shows and participated in the reality show Rokdim Im Kokhavim.
In children's television, Kam appeared in many shows like Rechov Sumsum, Mesibat Gan and two videotapes for child audiences.
As a dubbing actress, she provided the Hebrew version for many animations, including The Littl' Bits, Anastasia, The Magic School Bus, Spider-Woman, Encanto and more.

## Personal life

Today, Kam lives in Tel Aviv and is married to Eder. They have 2 children (one of them is Alon Eder) and grandchildren.

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Results |
| 2011 | Israeli Theater Prize | Best Supporting Actress | Cabaret | Nominated |
| 2015 | Israeli Theater Prize | Best Supporting Actress | Billy Schwartz | Won |
| 2020 | Awards of the Israeli Television Academy | Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series | Shtisel | Won |
| 2022 | Israeli Union of Performing Artists (IUPA) | Lifetime achievement prize | | Won |
# 2002 Gambian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in the Gambia on 17 January 2002. They were boycotted by several opposition parties, including the United Democratic Party. As a result, the ruling Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction of President Yahya Jammeh ran unopposed in 33 of the 48 elected seats, and won 12 of the 15 seats in which they had opposition.
In seats where there was a vote, turnout was 56.4%.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction | | | 45 | +12 |
| | National Reconciliation Party | | | 1 | –1 |
| | People's Democratic Organisation for Independence and Socialism | | | 2 | +1 |
| | Independents | | | 0 | –2 |
| Presidential appointees | Presidential appointees | | | 5 | +1 |
| Total | Total | | | 53 | +4 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 94,586 | 99.96 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 35 | 0.04 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 94,621 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 167,817 | 56.38 | | |
| Source: African Elections Database ||||||
# Tobacco River (Keweenaw County, Michigan)

The Tobacco River is a 14.0-mile-long (22.5 km) river in Keweenaw County on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. It rises at the outlet of Thayer Lake and flows east, then south, to Lake Superior, which it joins near the village of Gay.
# Toklat River

The Toklat River (Lower Tanana: Tootl'o Huno') is an 85-mile (137 km) tributary of the Kantishna River in central Alaska in the United States It drains an area on the north slope of the Alaska Range on the south edge of the Tanana Valley southwest of Fairbanks. It issues from unnamed glaciers in the northern Alaska Range in Denali National Park and Preserve, northeast of Denali. It flows generally northwest through hilly country to the tundra to the north of the Alaska Range.
The river was described as the Toclat by Lt. H.T. Allen in 1885. Other names or variants include Tootl'ot Huno, Tootl'ot Huno' Hutl'ot, Tootl'ot No' and Tutlut River. Depth of 50 ft, width of 25 ft
# Toms Creek (Monocacy River tributary)

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Toms Creek is a 20.8-mile-long (33.5 km) tributary of the Monocacy River in Pennsylvania and Maryland in the United States. Via the Monocacy River, it is part of the Potomac River watershed, flowing to Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean.
The creek rises on South Mountain in southwestern Adams County, Pennsylvania, and flows south, then southeast, through Iron Springs and Carroll Valley, Pennsylvania, and past Emmitsburg, Maryland.
Intersections, north-to-south :
| Intersection | Location/Description | Coordinates |
| Source | | |
| Perennial flow | | 39°47′41″N 77°26′46″W﻿ / ﻿39.79466°N 77.44608°W﻿ / 39.79466; -77.44608 |
| Bridge | 1836 roadway bridge | |
| Populated place | Maria Furnace | |
| Bridge | 1888 B&H RR (replaced 1912 by the Auburn Shale Brick Company of Gettysburg) | 39°46′21″N 77°24′35″W﻿ / ﻿39.772485°N 77.409848°W﻿ / 39.772485; -77.409848 |
| Bridge | covered Burr arch | 39°46′1″N 77°23′13″W﻿ / ﻿39.76694°N 77.38694°W﻿ / 39.76694; -77.38694﻿ (Jacks Mountain Covered Bridge) |
| Confluence | Miney Branch | 39°44′10″N 77°22′07″W﻿ / ﻿39.73615°N 77.36874°W﻿ / 39.73615; -77.36874 |
| PA/MD state line | | |
| Confluence | Middle Creek | |
| Mouth | Monocacy River | |
# Trout Creek (Deschutes River tributary)

Trout Creek is a 51-mile (82 km) long tributary of the Deschutes River in the U.S. state of Oregon. It drains approximately 692 square miles (1,792 km$^2$) of Crook, Jefferson, and Wasco counties. Arising in the Ochoco Mountains, it flows north and then west to its confluence with the Deschutes River.

## Course

Trout Creek's headwaters are in the western Ochoco Mountains, northeast of Prineville. It flows north, gathering minor tributaries such as Auger Creek and Amity Creek. The creek turns northwest and then west near the ghost town of Ashwood, straddling the Jefferson/Wasco county line. It receives Antelope Creek on the right bank. Highway 97 crosses the creek near Willowdale. Several miles downstream, Trout Creek receives Hay and Mud Springs creeks on the left bank. It then flows into the Deschutes River 87 miles (140 km) above its confluence with the Columbia River.

## Watershed

Trout Creek drains 692 square miles (1,792 km$^2$) of central Oregon. Elevations range from 5,940 feet (1,810 m) near the creek's headwaters to 1,283 feet (391 m) at its mouth. The average precipitation in the watershed ranges from 8 to 10 inches (203 to 254 mm) in the lower regions to 28 inches (711 mm) in the mountains. Eighty-eight percent of the watershed is privately owned, while the remaining twelve percent is owned by the United States Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and United States Department of Agriculture. Eighty-six percent is rangeland, twelve percent is forested, two percent is used for agriculture, and less than one percent is urban or rural.

## History

Humans first arrived in the Trout Creek area around 10,000 years ago. A pit-house discovered near Willowdale dates back at least 5,000 years. The first European Americans to arrive in the area were fur traders in the 1820s, including a group led by Peter Skene Ogden. The first settlers arrived in the 1860s. In 1896 and 1897, gold and silver were discovered. The Ashwood post office opened in 1898, and it quickly expanded as silver and cinnabar mines operated in the area. Many homesteaders arrived in the area in the early 1910s, and cinnabar production peaked in the 1960s. After major floods in 1964, the United States Army Corps of Engineers straightened portions of Trout Creek, creating berms that have obstructed some of the creek's smaller tributaries.
# Tsirku River

The Tsirku River is a glacier-fed stream in Southeast Alaska near the town of Haines in the U.S. state of Alaska. The river's source is found at the Tsirku Glacier, a large, sprawling ice mass at the border of Alaska and the Canadian province of British Columbia. The river ends in a 4-mile (6 km) wide delta near the Tlingit village of Klukwan. While many of the feeding glaciers are primarily in British Columbia, the river course lies entirely in Alaska.
After the Klehini River, the Tsirku River is the second largest tributary of the Chilkat River.
# Tuckahoe River (New Jersey)

The Tuckahoe River is a 27.6-mile-long (44.4 km) blackwater river in southern New Jersey in the United States.
One of the few blackwater rivers in the northeastern United States, the river drains an area of the southern Pinelands and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

## Course

The Tuckahoe River rises in central Atlantic County, approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of Vineland and flows south, then east, forming part of the boundary between Atlantic and Cape May counties, then past Tuckahoe, where it becomes navigable. It flows into Great Egg Harbor Bay just south of the mouth of the Great Egg Harbor River, approximately 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Atlantic City. The lower 4 miles (6 km) form a widening estuary through Great Cedar Swamp downstream from its head of navigation at Tuckahoe.

## Tributaries

* Cedar Swamp Creek
# 1997 Gambian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in the Gambia on 2 January 1997 three months after presidential elections. The first parliamentary elections since Yahya Jammeh's 1994 coup, they were also the first parliamentary elections to be held under the new constitution approved in a 1996 referendum. However, Decree 89 meant that pre-1994 parties (such as the former ruling People's Progressive Party) were still banned. Freedom House characterized the election as "deeply flawed."
The elections were originally scheduled for 11 December 1996, but following an attack on military barracks at Farafenni at the start of November, they were postponed, and all political rallies were banned. Jammeh's Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction won 33 of the 45 elected seats, enough to change the constitution.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| | Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction | 160,470 | 52.13 | 33 | New |
| | United Democratic Party | 104,568 | 33.97 | 7 | New |
| | PDOIS | 24,272 | 7.88 | 1 | +1 |
| | National Reconciliation Party | 6,639 | 2.16 | 2 | New |
| | Independents | 11,907 | 3.87 | 2 | –1 |
| Presidential appointees | Presidential appointees | | | 4 | –4 |
| Total | Total | 307,856 | 100.00 | 49 | –1 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 420,507 | – | | |
| Source: African Elections Database ||||||
# Turkey Creek (Nueces River tributary)

Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Nueces River with its source in Kinney County, Texas 29°14′32″N 100°06′56″W﻿ / ﻿29.24222°N 100.11556°W﻿ / 29.24222; -100.11556. It passes through Uvalde and Dimmit Counties to its mouth at Espantosa Lake in Espantosa Slough south of Crystal City in Zavala County, Texas.

## History

Turkey Creek, near Cline, Texas in western Uvalde County, was a watering stop and crossing place on the San Antonio-El Paso Road 9.04 miles west of crossing on the Nueces River and 15.23 miles from its crossing of Elm Creek. From 1871 to the 1881 the Turkey Creek Stage Stop was located near the crossing, run by Celeste Pingenot, who also had a store and saloon there, This became the town of Turkey Creek, then Wallace before being changed to Cline shortly after the Texas and New Orleans Railroad arrived there.
# Turtle Creek (Dallas County, Texas)

Turtle Creek is the name of small tributary creek of the Trinity River, with headwaters in northern Dallas, in Dallas County, Texas.

## Course

Turtle Creek generally runs southwest through North Dallas, passing through Highland Park (an incorporated city and enclave surrounded by Dallas), then back into Dallas through the Oak Lawn community and Turtle Creek neighborhood alongside Turtle Creek Boulevard, through Reverchon Park, and ultimately through the West Dallas Design District where it flows into the Trinity River Meanders culverts.
The Meanders are the original riverbed of the Trinity River through Dallas. For flood control purposes, the Meanders section was rerouted through underground culverts in the early 20th century. The main riverbed was also redirected through a new channel excavated to the west. The channel was engineered with levees and pumps, allowing real estate development of an industrial district in the area.
# Tuscarora Creek (Opequon Creek tributary)

Tuscarora Creek in Berkeley County, West Virginia, is an 11.4-mile-long (18.3 km) tributary of Opequon Creek, which drains into the Potomac River in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Located in the tip of the Mountain State's Eastern Panhandle, Tuscarora Creek flows through the city of Martinsburg before draining into Opequon Creek near the Van Metre Ford Bridge. The stream's headwaters are on the eastern flanks of North Mountain, upstream from Poor House Farm Park.
The creek was named after the Tuscarora Indians.
# Tygart Creek

Tygart Creek is a tributary of the Little Kanawha River, 14.5 miles (23.3 km) long, in western West Virginia in the United States. Via the Little Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 51 square miles (130 km$^2$) on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.
Tygart Creek flows for its entire length in southern Wood County. It rises south of Rockport and flows generally northward through Rockport and Mineral Wells. It flows into the Little Kanawha River from the south, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Mineral Wells, and approximately 6.7 miles (10.8 km) upstream of the Little Kanawha River's mouth in Parkersburg.
According to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, approximately 71% of the Tygart Creek watershed is forested, mostly deciduous. Approximately 28% is used for pasture and agriculture.