OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# East Mediterranean Gas Forum

The East Mediterranean Gas Forum (EMGF or EGF), also known as the EastMed Gas Forum or simply EastMed, is an international organization formed by Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Jordan, and Palestine. Informally established in 2019, the organization's formal charter was signed in September 2020, which an additional framework agreement signed in January 16, and the charter legally entering into force by March 9, 2021. Its headquarters are located in Cairo, Egypt.

## History

Originally, the bloc was an informal forum of Egypt, Cyprus, Israel, and Greece. Major companies, such as Total S.A., Eni and Novatek and Exxon, have signed exploration and production agreements concerning gas with those governments.
On September 22, 2020, the member countries signed a formal charter to create a new intergovernmental organization. Subsequently, France asked to join the Forum as a member while the European Union and UAE wish to join as permanent observers. On 9 March 2021, France's membership to the EMGF was approved, while the United Arab Emirate's membership was vetoed by Palestine in the EMGF's Ministerial conference which was held at Cairo, Egypt. The organization also announced on 9 March that its charter had officially entered into effect.
On 15 June 2022 it was announced at the EGMF that the EU, Egypt and Israel had reached an accord that would see the supply of gas to the EU, in order that the latter could reduce its dependence on Russia, which in 2021 supplied the EU with roughly 40 percent of its gas. According to the deal, gas from Israel will be brought via a pipeline to the LNG terminal on the Egypt's Mediterranean coast before being transported on tankers to the European shores. Reports were afoot that Russia cut its exports to Europe on the same day "as a sign of displeasure at the deal signed in Cairo." As a deal sweetener Ursula von der Leyen pledged food relief worth $104 million for Egypt, which has been reeling from grain shortages as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as 3 billion euros in "agriculture, nutrition, water and sanitation programmes over the next years here in the region". The EU's new policy is to be fully independent of Russian fossil fuels before 2030. The subject of the agreement, white gas, is found in underground deposits and created through fracking.

## Members & observers

Current members:
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* France
* Greece
* Israel
* Italy
* Jordan
* Palestine
Permanent Observer:
* European Union
* United States
* World Bank Group
Status Unclear:
* United Arab Emirates - Observership reportedly vetoed by Palestine in March 2021 despite earlier reports that it had already become an observer in December 2020.
# Charlton Kings railway station

Charlton Kings railway station was a small station in Gloucestershire serving the village of Charlton Kings and the southern outskirts of Cheltenham Spa.

## History

The station opened in 1881 with the opening of the Bourton-on-the-Water to Cheltenham section of the Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway, which was operated and later taken over by the Great Western Railway.
From 1891, Charlton Kings station was also served by trains on the Midland and South Western Junction Railway line, which branched off the Banbury and Cheltenham line at Andoversford and formed a north–south link between Cheltenham to Swindon, Andover and the south coast. The M&SWJR had running rights over the GWR line.
Charlton Kings was a small station with a wooden building. The line through it was particularly busy during the First World War and the Second World War with heavy troop and machinery movements on the M&SWJR.But traffic declined rapidly after the Second World War, and Charlton Kings also faced competition from road transport services. The station was reduced to "halt" status in 1956, with goods facilities withdrawn a couple of years before that.
The M&SWJR line closed to passenger traffic in September 1961, and services on the Banbury to Cheltenham line were withdrawn on 15 October 1962, when Charlton Kings station closed. There is no trace of the station today.
Chelsea Building Society bought the disused land around 2004 and built a second smaller head office to contain its expanding head office operations. The current site is now occupied by a Lidl store.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Cheltenham Leckhampton Line and station closed | Great Western Railway Midland and South Western Junction Railway | Andoversford Junction Line and station closed |
| Cheltenham Leckhampton Line and station closed | Great Western Railway Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway | Andoversford Junction Line and station closed |
# Josh Whyle

Joshua James Whyle (born September 8, 1999) is an American professional football tight end for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Cincinnati.

## Early life

Whyle grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio and attended La Salle High School. As a junior, he caught 40 passes for 546 yards and six touchdowns. Whyle had 37 receptions for 442 yards and three touchdowns in his senior seasons. Whyle was rated the second-best Tight End recruit in Ohio and committed to play college football at Cincinnati over offers from Auburn, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisville, Tennessee and Wisconsin.

## College career

Whyle played in four total games during his freshman season before utilizing a redshirt. As a redshirt freshman, he caught two passes for 51 yards. Whyle finished his redshirt sophomore season with 28 receptions for 353 yards and six touchdowns and was named second team All-American Athletic Conference.

### Statistics

| Season | Team | Games | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving |
| Season | Team | Games | Rec | Yds | Avg | TD | Long |
| 2019 | Cincinnati | 2 | 2 | 51 | 25.5 | 0 | 32 |
| 2020 | Cincinnati | 10 | 28 | 353 | 12.6 | 6 | 30 |
| 2021 | Cincinnati | 13 | 26 | 332 | 12.8 | 6 | 31 |
| 2022 | Cincinnati | 12 | 32 | 326 | 10.2 | 3 | 35 |
| Career | Career | 37 | 88 | 1062 | 12.1 | 15 | 35 |

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1.99 m) | 248 lb (112 kg) | 31+1⁄2 in (0.80 m) | 9+1⁄2 in (0.24 m) | 4.69 s | 1.61 s | 2.68 s | 4.40 s | 7.15 s | 33.5 in (0.85 m) | 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m) | 15 reps |
| Sources: ||||||||||||
Whyle was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the fifth round, 147th overall, of the 2023 NFL draft. In Week 4, he scored his first NFL touchdown against the Bengals. As a rookie, he appeared in 11 games and started three in the 2023 season. He finished with nine receptions for 94 yards and a touchdown.
During the 2024 season, Whyle played all 17 games and made 28 receptions for 248 yards and one touchdown.
# John Kinnamos

John Kinnamos or Joannes Kinnamos or John Cinnamus (Greek: Ἰωάννης Κίνναμος or Κίναμος; born shortly after 1143, died after 1185), was a Byzantine historian. He was imperial secretary (Greek "grammatikos", most likely a post connected with the military administration) to Emperor Manuel I (1143–1180), whom he accompanied on his campaigns in Europe and Asia Minor. It appears that Kinnamos outlived Andronikos I, who died in 1185.
Kinnamos was the author of a history that covered the years 1118–1176, thereby continuing the Alexiad of Anna Komnene, and covering the reigns of John II and Manuel I, until Manuel's unsuccessful campaign against the Turks, which ended in defeat at the Battle of Myriokephalon.
Kinnamos's work breaks off abruptly, though it is highly likely that the original continued to the death of Manuel. There are also indications that the present work is an abridgment of a significantly larger work. The hero of the history is Manuel, and throughout the history Kinnamos attempts to highlight what he sees as the superiority of the Byzantine Empire to the Western and other powers. Similarly, he is a determined opponent of what he perceives as the pretensions of the papacy. Nevertheless, he writes with the straightforwardness of a soldier, and occasionally admits his ignorance of certain events. The work is well organized, and its style, modeled on Xenophon, is simple, especially when compared with the florid writing of other Greek authors of the period. William Plate considers him the best of the European historians of this period.
John Kinnamos is also credited for writing a book on one of the Angeli emperors; however, this book is believed to be lost (perhaps together with the rest of his much larger work).
# Bayt Raqtah

Bayt Raqtah (Arabic: بيت رقطة) is a Syrian village located in Wadi al-Uyun Nahiyah in Masyaf District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Bayt Raqtah had a population of around 400 in the 2020 census, considering that more than 1,000 of them are outside the village.
# Ice cloud

An ice cloud is a colloid of ice particles dispersed in air. The term has been used to refer to clouds of both water ice and carbon dioxide ice on Mars. Such clouds can be sufficiently large and dense to cast shadows on the Martian surface.
Cirrus and noctilucent clouds on Earth contain ice particles.
# Noor Mosque

The Noor Mosque (German: Nuur-Moschee; Urdu: مسجدِ نور) in Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen is the third purpose-built mosque in Germany. The mosque in Babenhäuser Landstraße is run by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (AMJ) and was inaugurated on September, 12th 1959 by Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan.
Before the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in 1985 bought the „Nasir Bagh“ in Groß-Gerau, the annual gathering Jalsa Salana in Germany was celebrated in this mosque.
The mosque is well known because famous boxer Muhammad Ali prayed within it on one occasion.
# Ramoth-Gilead

Ramoth-Gilead (Hebrew: רָמֹת גִּלְעָד, romanized: Rāmōṯ Gilʿāḏ, meaning "Heights of Gilead"), was a Levitical city and city of refuge east of the Jordan River in the Hebrew Bible, also called "Ramoth in Gilead" (Deuteronomy 4:43; Joshua 20:8; Joshua 21:38) or "Ramoth Galaad" in the Douay–Rheims Bible. It was located in the tribal territorial allotment of the tribe of Gad.

## Biblical events

According to (1 Kings 4:13), Ramoth-Gilead was the base of Ben-Geber, one of King Solomon's regional governors. He was responsible for ("to him belonged") the towns of Jair the son of Manasseh, in Gilead and the region of Argob in Bashan: sixty large cities with walls and bronze gate-bars.
It appears to have been lost to Syria (Aram-Damascus) during the battles between the northern kingdom of Israel and Syria, as Ahab, King of Israel, proposed to go to battle to win it back. After consulting prophets about the prospects of success, Ahab went to fight for Ramoth in Gilead, aided by Jehoshaphat, King of Judah. During the battle, Ahab was wounded by an arrow. He was propped up in his chariot facing the enemy, but by evening Ahab had bled to death and the Syrians won the battle.
Later, an incident occurred when Ahaziah and Joram fought against Hazael, king of Aram-Damascus, and Joram was wounded (2 Kings 8:28).
Also in this city, Elisha, the prophet of God told one of the sons of the prophets to anoint Jehu, Joram's commander, king over Israel (2 Kings 9:1–6).
The British Bible scholar, Hugh J. Schonfield theorized that the location of Armageddon, mentioned only in the New Testament, at (Revelation 16:16), is a Greek garbling of a supposed late Aramaic name for Ramoth-Gilead; that this location, having anciently belonged to the Hebrew tribe of Gad, was, in New Testament times, part of the Greek region known as the Decapolis, it was (Schonfield theorized) known as Rama-Gad-Yavan (Yavan meaning Greek), which when translated into Greek became Armageddon (much as Ramathaim was translated to Aramathea).

## Location

It has been tentatively identified with Reimun, on the northern slope of the Zarqa River, about 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Jerash or Gerasa, one of the cities of the Decapolis.
Other possible locations include:
* Tell er-Rumeith, about 3 miles south of ar-Ramtha, Jordan
* as-Salt.
# Bernard Zuckerman

Bernard Zuckerman (born March 31, 1943) is an International Master of chess.
Zuckerman competed in seven U.S. Chess Championships (1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1977 and 1978), his best result being a tie for fourth place with William Addison in 1965. He served as a member of the U.S. team in the World Student Team Championships of 1964, 1967 and 1969. At Brooklyn College, Zuckerman was a prominent player, along with Raymond Weinstein, on its national champion college chess team.
For more than forty years, Zuckerman was a well-known authority on chess openings. For that reason, he was nicknamed "Zook the book".
# Dracocephalum thymiflorum

Dracocephalum thymiflorum is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae.
Its native range is Bulgaria to Southern Siberia and Iran.
# Bertha Mackenzie Ndebele

Bertha Mackenzie Ndebele is a Malawian politician elected for Balaka west in southern Malawi in 2019.

## Life

Ndebele was first elected for the Balaka west constituency in southern Malawi on May 2019. She was a member of the Democratic Progressive Party and one of 19 women elected from her party. There had been a "50:50" campaign before the election to encourage more support for women into the 192-member parliament. At the election there was 45 women members elected.
In 2020, Ndebele was elected to be the Chair of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Standing Committee for Human and Social Development and Special Programmes.
Ndebele became a member of the Malawi Parliamentary Women's Caucus and in 2023 she,Roseby Gadama and Olipa Chimangeni met members of the European Parliamentary Forum for Sexual & Reproductive Rights at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe where funding and priorities were discussed with the hospital Director Johnthan Ngoma and the Deputy Director, Mable Chinkhata.
In 2024, parliament discussed sending thousands of people to work in Israel. It was a controversial proposal, because it involved politicians getting involved in business. Joyce Chitsulo who was an MP had led a mission to Israel to oversee the conditions as there were already hundreds of Malawians working there. Chitsulo reported that there were complaints but she believed this was due to high expectations and poor communication. Ndebele noted the high number of unemployed young people in her constituency and she supported the proposal.
At the end of 2024 a video was found of Ndebele talking to her constituents where she bluntly admitted that there was a need for her to support President Chakwera. She argued that with support he could achieve progress - even though her constituents had not voted for him. Her attitude of compromise and cooperation was well received by some commentators.
# John of Karpathos

John of Karpathos was an Eastern Orthodox bishop and monk whose works can be found in the Philokalia.

## Life

Little is known about the life of John of Karpathos. Nicodemus of The Holy Mountain said "‘It is not known when John was active or where he underwent his ascetic struggles." It is thought that John of Karpathos became the Bishop of Karpathos. He is known to have given written advice to monks in India during his lifetime, emphasizing the need for restraint and Christian virtue.
Some of the writings of John of Karpathos can be found the Philokalia, a collection of writings from between the 4th and 15th centuries.

## Sainthood

In the mid-1980s, Metropolitan Ambrose of Karpathos and Kasos sought for Saint John of Karpathos to be included in the Official List of Orthodox Saints, with the blessing of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
In 1985, 25 August was designated as the feast day of Saint John of Karpathos.
# The Martyred Presidents

The Martyred Presidents is a 1901 American film directed by Edwin S. Porter.

## Plot summary

The film, just over a minute long, is composed of two shots. In the first, a girl sits at the base of an altar or tomb, her face hidden from the camera. At the center of the altar, a viewing portal displays the portraits of three U.S. Presidents—Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, and William McKinley—each a victim of assassination.
In the second shot, which runs just over eight seconds long, an assassin kneels at the feet of Lady Justice.

## Production

Evocative of early magic lantern and Phantasmagoria shows, The Martyred Presidents is part of a cycle of films made by the Edison Studios to chronicle the McKinley assassination in Buffalo, New York at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition. An Edison catalog from the time suggests to exhibitors that The Martyred Presidents be used as a closing tableau when "...shown in connection with the funeral ceremonies of the illustrious McKinley."
# Francisco Moreno Zuleta

Francisco de Asís Moreno y Zuleta de los Reales, 6th Count of the Andes (4 August 1880 – 3 July 1963) was a Spanish nobleman, lawyer and politician. He served as Minister of National Economy during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.

## Biography

Moreno Zuleta was born into a noble family in Jerez de la Frontera. He studied economics and law at the University of Deusto, where he also obtained a doctorate. A member of the Conservative Party, he was first elected to the Congress of Deputies in 1907 for the constituency of Cádiz. He served as a deputy there until 1921, when he took a seat in the Senate.
At the wish of Miguel Primo de Rivera, Moreno Zuleta joined the Patriotic Union in 1926. The following year, he became a member of the National Assembly. In 1928, he was appointed Minister of National Economy in Primo de Rivera's dictatorship; he held this office until January 1930, when he was appointed Minister of the Treasury. He resigned shortly after Primo de Rivera's resignation on 28 January.
With the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, Moreno Zuleta joined King Alfonso XIII in exile in Rome, where he served as head of the royal house from 1933. During the Spanish Civil War, he was the unofficial representative of the nationalist faction in the south of France. During the dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, Moreno Zuleta was the representative of Don Juan. He died in Madrid in 1963.
# Little Cedar River (Tobacco River tributary)

Little Cedar River is an 8.1-mile-long (13.0 km) river in Gladwin County in the U.S. state of Michigan.
The Little Cedar rises in Buckeye Township at 43°55′08″N 84°24′18″W﻿ / ﻿43.91889°N 84.40500°W﻿ / 43.91889; -84.40500﻿ (Little Cedar River (source)), and flows primarily south into the Tobacco River at 43°50′30″N 84°23′17″W﻿ / ﻿43.84167°N 84.38806°W﻿ / 43.84167; -84.38806﻿ (Little Cedar River (mouth)).
Pete Drain, which feeds into the Little Cedar, is also known as the Little Cedar River.

## Tributaries

From the mouth:
* (right) Otgen Drain
* (left) Snyder Drain
* (right) Hoover Drain
* (right) Crockett Drain
* (left) Dow Creek
* (left) Rich Drain
* (right) Smith Drain
* (right) Hay Drain
* (right) McMahan Drain
** (left) Martin Drain
* (right) Graham Drain
** (left) Bennet Drain
* (right) Pete Drain
# Joseph A. Bennett

Joseph A. Bennett (28 March 1967 – 15 April 2015) was an English television, film, and theatre actor.

## Early life and education

Bennett was born in London, England in 1967. He trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London.

## Career

He was one of two actors (the other being Douglas Henshall) who portrayed T. E. Lawrence in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. He was also in various other TV shows and films, including The Bill, Boon and Howards End.

## Personal life

He was married to the actress Julie Graham from 2002. Bennett reportedly hanged himself in Richmond Park in April 2015. He was 48.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1992 | Howards End | Paul Wilcox | |
| 1992 | Just like a Woman | Jocelyn | |
| 1993 | Swing Kids | Luftwaffe Pilot | |
| 1993 | Century | Edwin | |
| 2001 | The Last Minute | Jarman | |
| 2006 | Corpse | The Corpse | Short film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1991 | Boon | Joey Wallis | Episode: Cab Rank Cowboys |
| 1992 | The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles | Lawrence of Arabia | Episode: Young Indiana Jones and the Curse of the Jackal |
| 1992–1993 | The Bill | Peter Armstrong | 2 episodes |
| 1993 | The Darling Buds of May | Tony | 2 episodes |
| 1993 | Wycliffe and the Cycle of Death | David Glynn | TV Movie |
| 1996 | Frontiers | James Howard | Episode: Overseas Politicians |
| 1996 | Murder Most Horrid | Geoff | Episode: Confess |
| 1997 | Pie in the Sky | Victor Sebastian | Episode: Ugly Customers |
| 1997 | Trial & Retribution | David Polk | Episode: Trial & Retribution I – Part One |
| 1999 | The Dark Room | Simon Harris | TV Movie |
| 2000 | The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: My First Adventure | Lawrence of Arabia | TV Movie |
| 2000 | Silent Witness | Carl Martin | 2 episodes |
| 2002 | Casualty | Brendan Collins | Episode: Gimme Shelter |
| 2004 | Down to Earth | Hartley Simmons | Episode: Seeing Is Believing |
| 2004 | Murphy's Law | Neeves | Episode: Jack's Back |
| 2004 | Doctors | Rhys Taylor | Episode: What If |
| 2004–2005 | William and Mary | DS London | 4 episodes |
# COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon on 5 April 2020. Earlier, ferry service between Newfoundland and Saint Pierre and Miquelon had been suspended. Air and ferry service between the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon have been reduced. The tourism sector is expected to be affected by the pandemic and related measures. The collectivity was placed under lockdown on 17 March 2020.

## Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.
The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.

## Timeline
### April 2020

On 5 April, the first case was confirmed in the collectivity.
On 25 April, the Overseas Minister announced a gradual deconfinement in Saint Pierre and Miquelon starting Monday 27 April. The majority of businesses were reopened except for bars and restaurants. Schools were reopened in the first week of May. Travel between the two islands resumed on 11 May. Restrictions on sports and gatherings remained in place and there has been review of the deconfinement every two weeks.

### May 2020

On 4 May, it was reported that the more than 270 students stranded in metropolitan France and Canada would return to Saint Pierre and Miquelon from 12 May onward. They were quarantined for 14 days and tested. The students in metropolitan France were repatriated in two groups.

### 2021

In April 2021, restrictions to travel to both Metropolitan France and Canada remained in place. The islands had been declared Covid-free in February, and requested inclusion in Canada's Atlantic Bubble, although this was not successful.

### 2022

By the end of July a total of 3,083 cases had been confirmed.
# Little Dead Diamond River

The Little Dead Diamond River is a 7.1-mile-long (11.4 km) river in northern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Dead Diamond River, located in the Androscoggin River watershed of Maine and New Hampshire.
The Little Dead Diamond River rises in the town of Clarksville near the north end of Crystal Mountain, a 7-mile-long (11 km) ridge with elevations ranging from 2,400 to 3,300 feet (730 to 1,010 m) above sea level. 3,081-foot (939 m) Mount Pisgah lies just to the north of the headwaters. The river flows east into the Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant, where it is joined by its west branch. The river then enters the Dartmouth College Grant and is joined by its south branch. The Little Dead Diamond then turns north, reenters the Atkinson and Gilmanton Grant, and joins the Dead Diamond River near the rapids and old logging camp known as Hell Gate.