OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ritchie Block

The Ritchie Block is a historic commercial building at 465-473 Main Street in downtown Bennington, Vermont. Built in 1895-96, it is a high quality example of Classical Revival architecture, with a distinctive pressed metal entablature. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## Description and history

The Ritchie Block is a three-story yellow brick building, located on the south side of Main Street (Vermont Route 9), opposite its junction with School Street, in downtown Bennington. Its ground floor has four storefronts, each with display windows and a recessed entry, with two on either side of the main building entrance. The entrance is set in a round-arch opening, with a rounded transom window above the double door. The upper two floors are divided into five paneled sections, articulated by brick pilasters. The outer four sections each have three sash windows, while the central one, over the main entrance, has one on each level. The building is crowned by an elaborate pressed metal projecting cornice.
The block was built in 1895-96 by Alexander Keith Ritchie, a Scottish immigrant who was operating a dry goods business in Bennington's central Putnam Block. Commercial development was extending eastward along Main Street, and Ritchie had purchased the lot (with a residence on it) in 1891. The house, an impressive Greek Revival structure with temple front, was turned around and moved back in the lot, and now faces Union Street. The upper floor of Ritchie's block was designed for use by the local Masonic lodge, which occupied the space until 1911. The space was occupied through the 20th century by a succession of fraternal and social organizations, including the Elks and the American Legion.
# Active Robots

Active Robots is a British company which sells robotics kits, components, accessories and parts.

## History

Active Robots was founded in 2002 and incorporated in 2003 by Antony Lovedale and his wife, Maggie. The company has over 3000 product lines.
Active Robots acquired Total Robots in 2009.
In 2013, the company created Active8 Robots, which provides robotic research technology to universities in the United Kingdom and Europe with the Baxter research robot and Nao humanoid robot.

## Educational outreach
### Primary and secondary

Active Robots has been involved in education in the United Kingdom for over 10 years. They have coordinated with education providers such as EDT to promote STEM enrichment. Events such as "Lego Robot Wars" and "Robot Gladiators" have been held in partnership with local educators. Active Robots has been called the best provider of robotics in education by the blog Total Education. Part of their outreach work has focused on primary school children, particularly girls, introducing them to robotics and engineering at a young age. Over 200 schools worldwide are using the Nao robot.

### Higher education

The Baxter robot is being used in university research and teaching in the UK. At least 15 universities in the UK have used the Baxter robot.

## Press

Active Robots products have appeared on The Graham Norton Show, Gadget Man, The Gadget Show and ITV's Daybreak.
# Cooleewahee Creek

Cooleewahee Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to the Flint River.
According to tradition, Cooleewahee is a name derived from the Muskogee language translating to "where the white oak acorns are scattered".
# 5-APB

5-APB (abbreviation of "5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran"; see infobox for the correct IUPAC name) is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the substituted benzofuran, substituted amphetamine and substituted phenethylamine classes. 5-APB and other compounds are sometimes informally called "Benzofury".
5-APB is commonly found as the succinate and hydrochloride salt. The hydrochloride salt is 10% more potent by mass and doses should be adjusted accordingly.
5-APB has been sold as a designer drug since 2010.

## Pharmacology

5-APB is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor with K$_i$(NET)=180 nmol/L, K$_i$(DAT)=265 nmol/L and K$_i$(SERT)=811 nmol/L. It is also a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent. 5-APB is a potent agonist for the 5-HT$_{2A}$ and 5-HT$_{2B}$ receptors (K$_i$ of 14 nmol/L at 5-HT$_{2B}$ with an efficacy of 0.924). This agonism for 5-HT$_{2B}$ makes it likely that 5-APB would be cardiotoxic with long term use, as seen in other 5-HT$_{2B}$ agonists such as fenfluramine and MDMA. 5-APB is also an agonist of the 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor.

## Detection

A forensic standard of 5-APB is available, and the compound has been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse. The US Department of Justice and DEA have also conducted studies concerning the detection of 5-APB.

## Effects

Users describe effects as euphoric. Largely, effects reported were similar to that of the drug MDMA but not as strong. Recreational use of 5-APB has been associated with death in combination with other drugs and solely as the result of 5-APB.

## Legality

On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 5-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.
# Coopers Creek (West Virginia)

Coopers Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
Coopers Creek was named after Leonard Cooper, a pioneer settler.
# Gideon Shelach-Lavi

Gideon Shelach-Lavi (Hebrew: גדעון שלח-לביא; born 10 September 1959) is an Israeli sinologist and archaeologist.
Shelach-Lavi his earned bachelor's degree from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, followed by a doctorate in archaeology from the University of Pittsburgh, and is the Louis Freiberg Professor of East Asian Studies and the Chair of the Institute of African and Asian Studies at HUJI.

## Selected books

* Shelach-Lavi, Gideon (2016). Prehistoric Societies on the Northern Frontiers of China: Archaeological Perspectives on Identity Formation and Economic Change During the First Millennium BCE. Routledge. doi:10.4324/978131553928 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISBN 9781134944880.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
* Pines, Yuri; Shelach-Lavi, Gideon; Von Falkenhausen, Lothar; Yates, Robin D. S., eds. (2013). Birth of an Empire: The State of Qin Revisited. Global, Area, and International Archive. ISBN 9781938169076.
* Shelach-Lavi, Gideon (1999). Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, and Interregional Interaction: Social Complexity in Northeast China. Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. Springer. doi:10.1007/b110507. ISBN 9781280207174.
# Quillaja saponaria

Quillaja saponaria, the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile. In Chile it occurs from 32 to 40° South Latitude approximately and at up to 2000 m (6500 ft) above sea level. It can grow to 15–20 m (50–65 ft) in height. The tree has thick, dark bark; smooth, leathery, shiny, oval evergreen leaves 3–5 cm long; white star-shaped flowers 15 mm diameter borne in dense corymbs; and a dry fruit with five follicles each containing 10–20 seeds. The tree has several practical and commercial uses.

## Habitat

This tree occurs at elevations up to 2000 metres. The species is drought resistant, and tolerates about −12 °C (10 °F) in its natural habitat. Examples of specific occurrences are in central Chile in the forests of La Campana National Park and Cerro La Campana, in which locales it is associated with the Chilean wine palm, Jubaea chilensis. It is often used for reforestation on arid soils.
The plant has been introduced as an ornamental in California, and has been acclimatized in Spain but is rarely cultivated there.

## Etymology

Quillaja is derived from the Chilean vernacular name for this species, culay.
Saponaria means 'soap-like'.

## Uses

The wood is used in cabinetry, and scents derived from the tree are used in perfumes and cosmetics. The inner bark of Quillaja saponaria can be reduced to powder and employed as a substitute for soap, since it forms a lather with water, owing to the presence of a glycoside saponin, sometimes distinguished as quillaia saponin. The same, or a closely similar substance, is found in soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), in senega root (Polygala senega) and in sarsaparilla; it appears to be chemically related to digitonin, which occurs in digitalis.

### Uses of the saponins

Soap bark tree has a long history of medicinal use with the Andean people who used it as a treatment for various chest problems. The saponin content of the bark helps to stimulate the production of a more watery mucus in the airways, thus facilitating the removal of phlegm through coughing. The bark is the source of quillaia, the extract of which is used as a food additive and as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products, fire-fighting foam, and applied as an agricultural spray adjuvant. It is used as an additive in photographic films and as a foaming agent for drinks.
The saponins in Quillaja Extract are also used as the active ingredient in commercial pesticides to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi and nematodes in ornamental plants, food crops and turfgrass.
The saponins of this tree are also considered to have adjuvant properties for vaccine solutions. QS21 adjuvant is a saponin obtainable from Quillaja saponaria extract. The Novavax vaccine for COVID-19 uses this adjuvant, the zoster vaccine Shingrix also contains QS21 as well as the RSV vaccine Arexvy.
# Arizona Wing Civil Air Patrol

Civil Air Patrol's Arizona Wing (AZWG) is one of 52 wings (50 states, Puerto Rico, and National Capital Area) in Civil Air Patrol (the official United States Air Force Auxiliary). Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, there are 19 squadrons listed on the AZWG website.

## Mission

Civil Air Patrol's mission/vision statement is: Volunteers serving America's communities, saving lives, and shaping futures.
Arizona Wing members support the three primary programs of Civil Air Patrol: providing emergency services; offering cadet programs for youth; and providing aerospace education for both CAP members and the general public.

## Organization

Squadrons of Arizona Wing :
| Group | Designation | Squadron Name | Location | Notes |
| South Group | AZ046 | Cochise Composite Squadron 107 | Sierra Vista | |
| | AZ106 | Neotoma Composite Squadron 109 | Tucson | |
| | AZ334 | Davis-Monthan Composite Squadron 334 | Davis-Monthan Air Force Base | East Tucson Cadet Squadron and Tucson Composite Squadron merged to form the new Davis-Monthan Composite Squadron. |
| | AZ048 | William Rogers Memorial Squadron 104 | Tucson | |
| | AZ131 | Eloy Composite Squadron | Eloy | |
| North Group | AZ029 | Codetalker Bahe Ketchum Composite Squadron 211 | Shonto | |
| | AZ056 | Dan Kenney Composite Squadron 201 | Flagstaff | |
| | AZ102 | Payson Senior Flight 209 | Payson | |
| | AZ083 | Prescott Composite Squadron 206 | Prescott | |
| | AZ107 | Verde Valley Composite Squadron 205 | Sedona | |
| East Group | AZ064 | Falcon Composite Squadron 305 | Mesa | |
| | AZ075 | Scottsdale Composite Squadron 314 | Scottsdale | |
| | AZ210 | Show Low Composite Squadron 210 | Show Low | |
| | AZ022 | Sky Harbor Composite Squadron 301 | Phoenix | |
| | AZ036 | Willie Composite Squadron 304 | Mesa | |
| West Group | AZ013 | Deer Valley Composite Squadron 302 | Phoenix | |
| | AZ388 | 388th Composite Squadron | Glendale | |
| | AZ112 | London Bridge Composite Squadron 501 | Lake Havasu City | |
| | AZ021 | Yuma Composite Squadron 508 | Yuma | |
# Cow Creek (Sacramento River tributary)

Cow Creek is a tributary of the Sacramento River in Shasta County, California. About 46.9 miles (75.5 km) long measured to its longest source, it drains a hilly, rural region at the northern end of the Sacramento Valley east of Redding. The creek begins at Millville at the confluence of Old Cow and South Cow Creek and flows west to Junction, where it turns south, joining the Sacramento near Anderson. Despite its name, Cow Creek is closer in size to a river, especially in winter when it is prone to large flash floods, accounting for up to 21 percent of the Sacramento's peak flows at Red Bluff.
The Cow Creek watershed of 430 square miles (1,100 km$^2$) is approximately equally divided between agriculture, private residences, and commercial forestland, with very little public land. About 45 percent of the watershed is forested. Situated in the foothills of the southern Cascade Range, elevations range from about 7,300 feet (2,200 m) at the tallest peaks to less than 400 feet (120 m) at the confluence with the Sacramento River. Because the creek has no major dams, it is an important spawning area for Chinook salmon and steelhead trout; however, diversions for irrigation and pollution from farm runoff have reduced the quality of native fish habitat.
Although the main stem is short at 14 miles (23 km), the creek has an extensive network of tributaries that collectively drain a much larger area. The 32.9-mile (52.9 km) Old Cow Creek and 28.5-mile (45.9 km) South Cow Creek originate in the Lassen National Forest, as does 27.5-mile (44.3 km) Clover Creek, which joins Cow Creek a short distance below the confluence. The other major tributaries are 24.5-mile (39.4 km) Oak Run and 36-mile (58 km) Little Cow Creek, which drain a large area close to Shasta Lake.
# S. T. Elliott House

The S. T. Elliott House is a Bungalow/Craftsman style house located in Kingman, Arizona. It was evaluated for National Register listing as part of a 1985 study of 63 historic resources in Kingman that led to this and many others being listed.

## Description

The S. T. Elliott House is located at 537 Springs Street in Kingman, Arizona. The home was built in 1917. The home is a Bungalow/Craftsman style. The house was built by J. B. Lammers a contractor from Flagstaff, Arizona. Mr. Elliott came to Arizona in 1891 and he worked for the Babbitt Brothers in Flagstaff. He operated Elliott Stores from 1907 till his retirement in 1935. The Elliott Store was next to Watkins Drugs on Front Street (Andy Devine Avenue) and 4th Street. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
# S. T. Zimmerman House

The S. T. Zimmerman House is a historic house in Lawrence, Kansas. It was built c. 1870 in Lawrence, Kansas by mill owner S. T. Zimmerman. The Second Empire house is unique in the area for its style. The two-story brick house features a square tower, arched window openings, a bell-cast mansard roof, and extensive wrought iron detailing. The exterior has seen little alteration. The interior is altered in places but substantially intact.
The Zimmerman House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 6, 1974.
# Nicks Spring

Nicks Spring is a spring in the U.S. state of Oregon.
Nicks Spring was named in the 1870s after Nicholas Wright, a local miner.
# Antimony pentoxide

Antimony pentoxide (molecular formula: Sb$_2$O$_5$) is a chemical compound of antimony and oxygen. It contains antimony in the +5 oxidation state.

## Structure

Antimony pentoxide has the same structure as the B form of niobium pentoxide and can be derived from the rutile structure, with antimony coordinated by six oxygen atoms in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The SbO$_6$ octahedra are corner- and edge-sharing.
| Sb coordination | edge sharing | corner sharing |

## Preparation

The hydrated oxide is prepared by hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride; or by acidification of potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V). It may also be prepared by oxidation of antimony trioxide with nitric acid.

## Uses

Antimony pentoxide finds use as a flame retardant in ABS and other plastics and as a flocculant in the production of titanium dioxide, and is sometimes used in the production of glass, paint and adhesives.
It is also used as an ion exchange resin for a number of cations in acidic solution including Na$^+$ (especially for their selective retentions), and as a polymerization and oxidation catalyst.

## Properties and reactions

The hydrated oxide is insoluble in nitric acid, but dissolves in a concentrated potassium hydroxide solution to give potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V), or KSb(OH)$_6$.
When heated to 700 °C (1,290 °F), the yellow hydrated pentoxide converts to an anhydrous white solid with the formula Sb$_6$O$_{13}$, containing both antimony(III) and antimony(V). Heating to 900 °C (1,650 °F) produces a white, insoluble powder of Sb$_2$O$_4$ in both α and β forms. The β form consists of antimony(V) in octahedral interstices and pyramidal Sb$^{III}$O$_4$ units. In these compounds, the antimony(V) atom is octahedrally coordinated to six hydroxy groups.
The pentoxide can be reduced to antimony metal by heating with hydrogen or potassium cyanide.
# Anderson & Hester

Anderson & Hester is a mathematical system for ranking collegiate American football teams based on performance. The system was created in 1992 by Jeff Anderson and Chris Hester, roommates at the University of Washington. Anderson & Hester is one of over 40 systems listed by the NCAA as major selectors of college football national champions.$^{:108–110}$ The rankings are published weekly in The Seattle Times.$^{:110}$

## National champions

Anderson & Hester selections from the 1997 season to present.
| Season | Champion | Record | Coach |
| 1997 | Nebraska | 13–0 | Tom Osborne |
| 1998 | Tennessee | 13–0 | Phillip Fulmer |
| 1999 | Florida State | 12–0 | Bobby Bowden |
| 2000 | Oklahoma | 13–0 | Bob Stoops |
| 2001 | Miami (FL) | 12–0 | Larry Coker |
| 2002 | Ohio State | 14–0 | Jim Tressel |
| 2003 | LSU | 13–1 | Nick Saban |
| 2004 | USC | 11–0 | Pete Carroll |
| 2005 | Texas | 13–0 | Mack Brown |
| 2006 | Florida | 13–1 | Urban Meyer |
| 2007 | Missouri | 12–2 | Gary Pinkel |
| 2008 | Utah | 13–0 | Kyle Whittingham |
| 2009 | Alabama | 14–0 | Nick Saban (2) |
| 2010 | Auburn | 14–0 | Gene Chizik |
| 2011 | LSU (2) | 13–1 | Les Miles |
| 2012 | Alabama (2) | 13–1 | Nick Saban (3) |
| 2013 | Florida State (2) | 14–0 | Jimbo Fisher |
| 2014 | Ohio State (2) | 14–1 | Urban Meyer (2) |
| 2015 | Alabama (3) | 14–1 | Nick Saban (4) |
| 2016 | Clemson | 14–1 | Dabo Swinney |
| 2017 | Alabama (4) | 13–1 | Nick Saban (5) |
| 2018 | Clemson (2) | 15–0 | Dabo Swinney (2) |
| 2019 | LSU (3) | 15–0 | Ed Orgeron |
| 2020 | Alabama (5) | 13–0 | Nick Saban (6) |
| 2021 | Georgia | 14–1 | Kirby Smart |
| 2022 | Georgia (2) | 15-0 | Kirby Smart (2) |
| 2023 | Michigan | 15–0 | Jim Harbaugh |
| 2024 | Oregon | 13-1 | Dan Lanning |
# Spotted redshank

The spotted redshank (Tringa erythropus) is a wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name Tringa is the Neo-Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek trungas, a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific erythropus is from Ancient Greek eruthros, "red", and pous, "foot".
It breeds across northern Scandinavia and the northern Palearctic and migrates south to the Mediterranean, the southern British Isles, France, tropical Africa, and tropical Asia for the winter. It is an occasional vagrant to Australia and North America.

## Taxonomy

The spotted redshank was described by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name Scolopax erythropus. It is a monotypic species, with no recognised subspecies. Taxonomically, it forms a close-knit group with several other large Tringa species, with molecular sequencing showing it to be a sister clade to that containing the greater yellowlegs and the common greenshank.

## Description

This is a large wader (shorebird), measuring 29–31 cm (11–12 in) long, with a wingspan of 61–67 cm (24–26 in) and a weight ranging from 121 to 205 g (4.3 to 7.2 oz). It is black in breeding plumage, and very pale in winter. It has a red legs and bill, and shows a white oval on the back in flight. Juveniles are grey-brown finely speckled white above, and have pale, finely barred underparts. Adults moult completely between July and October. In spring, the body plumage is moulted between March and May. Juveniles have a partial moult between August and February. The call is a creaking whistle teu-it (somewhat similar to the call of a roseate tern), the alarm call a kyip-kyip-kyip.

## Habitat and range

The spotted redshank breeds in the Arctic across much of the Palearctic, from Lapland in the west to Chukotskaya in the east.

## Behaviour
### Food and feeding

Like most waders, it feeds on small invertebrates.

### Breeding

It nests on open boggy taiga, laying four eggs in a ground scrape. For breeding the bird moults to a black to dark grey with white spots. During breeding plumage the legs also turn a dark grey. See image alongside.

## Conservation and threats

The spotted redshank is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
# Oriskany Creek

Oriskany Creek is a 33-mile-long (53 km) river in New York, United States. It rises in Madison County and flows northeastward, primarily through Oneida County. Oriskany Creek is a tributary of the Mohawk River and therefore part of the Hudson River watershed.
Oriskany Creek is wide and shallow, affording passage to only canoes, and that for only part of its length. The creek is known for its brown trout, which are caught from the shore or by wading.

## History

The Oneida village of Oriskany was located near the mouth of the creek, by the Mohawk River.
During the American Revolutionary War, part of the Battle of Oriskany was fought in a swampy, steep ravine, near the mouth of the river.
When settlers arrived, the creek became the power source of many mills along its course.
The creek was an important source of water for the former Chenango Canal, which linked the Southern Tier of New York to the Erie Canal.

## Communities along the creek

* Clark Mills
* Clinton
* Colemans Mills
* Deansboro
* Farmers Mills
* Kirkland
* Oriskany
* Oriskany Falls
* Solsville
* Walesville
# Monatiquot River

The Monatiquot River is a 4.9-mile-long (7.9 km) river in Braintree, Massachusetts, formed by the confluence of the Farm River and Cochato River (42°11′41″N 71°00′46″W﻿ / ﻿42.19475°N 71.0127°W﻿ / 42.19475; -71.0127﻿ (Monatiquot River source)) in the Braintree Municipal Golf Course, flowing in swampy meanders to the northeast, and emptying into the tidal Weymouth Fore River estuary. The name roughly translates to either “at the deep tidal place” or “lookout place”. Its drainage area is 28.7 square miles (74 km$^2$).
The river was a key aspect of colonial Braintree for its river herring. Later its strong flow was useful for early industry such as grist mills. It has remained a relatively clean river to date, with wildlife including birds, turtles, muskrats and fish, but recently has been polluted by sediments from the Graziano Inc. concrete batching operation.
The river was also where Paul Revere opened a nail mill, which remained open after his death until the 1860s, when the Mill was retooled. That nail company has since moved to southeastern Massachusetts and is still in business today producing nails on the same equipment installed during that 1860s retooling.
The river is home to a variety of aquatic life. Rainbow smelt use the river as a spawning ground and the smelt that spawn here provide fishing opportunities in the surrounding area.
* Weymouth watershed
* Monatiquot River and environs