OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Youth's Companion Building

The Youth's Companion Building is a historic building at 209 Columbus Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. The building is also known as the Pledge of Allegiance Building because the Pledge of Allegiance was written and published there. The building originally had the address 201 Columbus Avenue and also has the address 142 Berkeley Street. It was built in 1892 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
It housed the offices of The Youth's Companion, the magazine owned and edited by Daniel Ford that promoted the Pledge of Allegiance. Ford built the building for The Youth's Companion and moved the magazine's headquarters there in 1892, where it remained until 1915, when the magazine moved to a new building near the current Boston University.
   Ford's monumental, five-story building combined beauty and artistic qualities with good design and lay out for a publishing business, with natural light from windows and skylights. His style was the round-arched, squat-columned, masonry-exalting Romanesque.
   This five-storied building Richardson designed for The Companion is of brown sandstone and matching brick, as solid and impressive as a bank. Great arched windows and heavily recessed and arched doors characterize the street facade. Passing beneath the great arch, one enters a great vestibule two stories high. Throughout the interior the woodwork was of oak with heavily carved oaken benches for waiting visitors.
The architects, Henry W. Hartwell and William Cummings Richardson, also designed a number of other buildings in the Boston area, notably the Belmont Town Hall and Christ Church, Andover.
When used by The Youth's Companion, the first floor of the building held the business office, correspondence department, subscription and advertising departments with Ford's office in the back. The third floor held the premium department, packing and mailing room, and stitching machines. The fifth floor contained the editorial offices, art department and library that had an encyclopedic collection of clippings from over 200 magazines from around the world. The press room was in the basement along with the presses, collators, steam tubular boilers for power binding equipment and two dynamos which generated electricity for lighting.
# St Martin's School, Brentwood

St Martin's School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in the Hutton area of Brentwood, Essex, England.

## Background

The school used to separate boys and girls school, but these were combined in the 1970s to make one co-educational school on the same site. The school converted to academy status on 1 July 2011.

## Notable former pupils

* Nicola Juniper, professional cyclist
# Richmond Charities

The Richmond Charities is an almshouse charity based in Richmond, London. Its origins date back to 1600. The charity provides affordable housing for people in housing need. It also administers two relief-in-need welfare charities, a relief-in-sickness charity and a very small charity that awards small quarterly grants to four deserving spinsters.
The almshouses are for local people aged over 65, who are of limited means and require an improvement in their living conditions.
The charity's area of benefit is London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, in which the majority of the almshouse residents will have been living at the time of their appointment, but limited provision is made for the appointment of residents irrespective of their former place of residence. Preference is given to applicants living in private rented property.
As recently as 1943, residents of the almshouses received a monthly allowance of £2 5s. (£2.25p), together with three tons of coal a year, a dress or suit of clothes every other year, or a greatcoat every fifth year. Pensions continued to be paid for some years, but the position has now entirely changed, in that, where necessary, residents receive financial support within the state welfare system. They pay for the provision of central heating, where this is provided, and in addition pay a subsidised weekly maintenance contribution (WMC) towards the maintenance of the almshouses.
Residents pay their own household bills. They occupy the almshouses as beneficiaries of a charitable trust and do not have security of tenure. There are no longer any qualifications with regard to gender or religion.
The Richmond Charities has an endowment that has to be used for the benefit of its residents.

## The almshouses

* Bishop Duppa's Almshouses
* Church Estate Almshouses
* Hickey's Almshouses
* Houblon's Almshouses
* Michel's Almshouses
* Queen Elizabeth's Almshouses
The Richmond Charities manages 145 almshouses on 13 sites in Richmond, Twickenham and Mortlake. They include 50 at Hickey's Almshouses; nine at Houblon's Almshouses; ten at Bishop Duppa's (founded by Brian Duppa, Bishop of Chichester); four at Queen Elizabeth's; 18 at Michel's Almshouses; five at Benn's Walk; 18 at Church Estate Almshouses, five at Elizabeth Twining Almshouses; and ten at Candler Almshouses. At Hickey's there is a chapel dedicated to St Francis of Assisi, the chaplain's house and two lodges for staff.
A new set of 12 almshouses, the Elizabeth Doughty Almshouses, will open on Queen's Road, Richmond in March 2025.

## Governance

The governing body of the charity is a board of ten trustees, which meets six times a year. Sub-committees meet to deal with finance, property, risk management and safeguarding.

## Staff

The Richmond Charities has 14 staff; Juliet Ames-Lewis is the Chief Executive.
# 2022 Uttarakhand avalanche

On 4 October 2022, an avalanche at the Draupadi Ka Danda peak in Uttarakhand, India killed 27 mountaineers in the Advanced Mountaineering Course of the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering. The death toll makes this the worst mountaineering disaster recorded in India. 24 of the bodies were of trainee mountaineers and 2 were of their instructors. As of 7 March 2024, one mountaineer is still missing.
Mountaineers at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering announced that they will climb 11 previously unclimbed mountain peaks as a tribute to the victims of the avalanche.
# Piotrowice-Parcele

Piotrowice-Parcele is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Słupca, within Słupca County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Słupca and 69 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Piotr Przydział

Piotr Przydział (born 15 May 1974) is a Polish former racing cyclist. He won the Tour de Pologne 2000. He also rode in the men's road race at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## Major results
### 1994

    1st Overall Tour of Małopolska

### 1998

    1st National Time Trial Championships

### 1999

    1st Stage 8 Volta a Portugal
    1st Stage 8 Peace Race
    2nd National Road Race Championships

### 2000

    1st Overall Tour de Pologne
    2nd Overall Szlakiem Grodów Piastowskich
    2nd Overall Peace Race

### 2001

    1st National Time Trial Championships
    1st Majowy Wyścig Klasyczny–Lublin
    1st Overall Bałtyk–Karkonosze Tour
    3rd Overall Course de la Solidarité Olympique
    3rd Overall Tour of Małopolska
       1st Stages 2 & 4
    3rd Overall Tour de Pologne

### 2002

    1st Stages 4 & 10 Peace Race

### 2003

    1st National Road Race Championships

### 2004

    1st Overall Szlakiem Grodów Piastowskich
       1st Stage 4
    1st Majowy Wyścig Klasyczny–Lublin

### 2005

    1st Grand Prix Kooperativa
    3rd Overall Szlakiem Grodów Piastowskich
# Pak Tong-chun

Pak Tong-chun (Korean pronunciation: or; born 1942) is a North Korean diplomat. He has served in postings in France (1998), Cuba (2000, 2004) and Venezuela (2003) as well as Belize (2002). He was also Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2000.
Pak's first international appointment was as vice director of the International Affairs Division of the North Korean Red Cross Society, in 1985. He went on to become representative to UNESCO in 1992.
# Piskory

Piskory is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Blizanów, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Blizanów, 24 km (15 mi) north of Kalisz, and 91 km (57 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Paul Gilbert (actor)

Paul Gilbert (born Ed MacMahon; December 27, 1918 – February 13, 1976) was an American film and television actor.

## Biography

Gilbert's family were vaudeville performers, and he began his career as an aerialist until he had a fall. He continued performing music, dancing and comedy.
He starred in the 1954 series The Duke as a former boxer who has decided to give up his fighting career to become a respectable nightclub owner. In the pilot episode, Gilbert sings, dances, juggles and plays four instruments in the band.
Gilbert played various roles and performed on numerous shows including The Spike Jones Show in 1954. He played the role of murder victim Harrison Boring in the 1964 Perry Mason episode "The Case of the Blonde Bonanza." Gilbert also appeared in other early television shows such as The NBC Comedy Hour, The Colgate Comedy Hour and Lux Video Theatre.
In the 1960s, Gilbert was seen on several network television series including The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Hollywood Palace, Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., Good Morning World and The Dean Martin Show. An accomplished juggler, Gilbert appeared on Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In as a French juggler.
On May 9, 1964, Gilbert and wife Barbara Crane adopted one-day-old Melissa Gilbert, who played Laura Ingalls Wilder on the long-running NBC series Little House on the Prairie. They later adopted Jonathan Gilbert, who played Willie Oleson on Little House on the Prairie.

## Death

Gilbert was believed to have died suddenly of a stroke on February 13, 1976. In her autobiography, Melissa Gilbert wrote that he died by suicide due to suffering from constant pain stemming from World War II injuries while serving as a fighter pilot in the Air Corps. He was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) in Los Angeles.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1955 | So This Is Paris | Davy Jones |
| 1955 | The Second Greatest Sex | Roscoe Dobbs |
| 1956 | You Can't Run Away from It | George Shapely |
| 1964 | 3 Nuts in Search of a Bolt | Joe Lynch |
| 1965 | Sylvia | Lola Diamond |
| 1965 | Cat Ballou | Train Messenger |
| 1966 | Women of the Prehistoric Planet | Lt. Red Bradley |
# Ramaul

Ramaul is a village in Siraha Municipality in Siraha District in the Madhesh Province of south-eastern Nepal. It is surrounded by Makhanaha from the east side, Basbitta from the north-west side, Manpur from the south-west side, Madar from the south-north side and Kamala River from the west side. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5000 people living in 400 individual households. Before it was under the Village development committee, of Siraha Nepal in 1991 Nepal census. Now it lies under the Siraha Municipality-3,4, and 5. It is divided into five areas (Tolas): Purab Tola (East Area), Uttar Tola (North Area), Paschim Tola (West Area), Dakshin Tola (South-West Area), and Mansoori Tola (South-East Area). It is a Muslim-dominated village with a population of around 20000-25000. The centre of this village is Ramaul chowk and in the centre of it, it has Eidgah where occasional prayers are prayed like Eid-ul-fitr and Eid-ul-Azha (bakreid) and sometime funeral prayers as this eidgah lies in the corner of the graveyard. The second eidgah is on the south side of the graveyard. Ramaul chowk is popularly known for Nepal Avalanche Academy (which is now shifted toward westside) and Ahmadiya Tea Shop. Ahmadiya tea shop is the most crowd gathering spot not just from Ramaul but also from the neighbouring villages. The ward commissioner of Siraha Municipality from Ward No 4 is Mohammad SHAMSHAD ALAM. And the ward commissioner of siraha municipality from ward No.5 is JAGESHWAR YADAV .Both of them took office on 30 May 2022. His predecessor ward commissioner of Siraha Municipality from Ward No 4 was Sheikh Haji Izharul Haque .And From ward No.5 was SULINDRA . Both of them took office on 25 September 2017 and their last date of work was on May 29, 2022.

## Some Information

Interesting fact :- People here speaks dialect which is called as mithila Urdu (which is only spoken by the Muslim in that region)as their mother tongue. The neighbouring villages which have both sects i.e. Hindu and Muslim speaks maithali as their mother tongue. This village is more of a town and than a village. It has easy access of goods from both side i.e. border and Siraha bazaar.

## Educational Institute

* Secondary School, Ramaul, Siraha-04, Nepal
* Nepal Avalanche Academy, Ramaul, Siraha-05, Nepal
* Madarasa Arabiya Makhjunool Uloom Assalfiya, Ramaul (East), Siraha-04, Nepal
* Madarsa Hussainiya, Ramaul (North), Siraha-04, Nepal
* Madarsa Darrutalim wa tarbiyat, Ramaul (South-West), Siraha-05, Nepal
* Madarsa Sultanul-uloom Ramaul (West), Siraha-04, Nepal
* Madarasa Almahadul Ilmi Assalafi, Ramaul (South), Siraha, Nepal
* Al madrasatul Muhammadiyatus salafiyah, Ramaul (South), Siraha, Nepal

## Mosque

* Jama Masjid, Ramaul (East), Siraha-04, Nepal
* Makki Masjid, Ramaul (North), Siraha-04, Nepal
* Madni Masjid, Ramaul (North), Siraha-04, Nepal
* Masjid-e-Belal, Ramaul (West), Siraha-04, Nepal
* Jama Masjid Ahle Hadith, Ramaul (South-East), Siraha, Nepal
* Makki Masjid, Ramaul (South), Siraha, Nepal
# Pniewo, Złotów County

Pniewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Okonek, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Okonek, 23 km (14 mi) north-west of Złotów, and 119 km (74 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
In the 10th century the area became part of the emering Polish state, and after the country's fragmentation it was part of the Duchy of Pomerania until 1648. Afterwards it was part of Prussia and Germany, before it became again part of Poland following World War II in 1945.
# Aeschylus (disambiguation)

Aeschylus (с. 525/524-c. 456/455 BC) was an Athenian playwright of the 5th century BC, best known for the Oresteia trilogy.
Aeschylus may also refer to:

## People

* Aeschylus of Athens, King of Athens from 778 to 755 BC
* Aeschylus of Alexandria, epic poet in the 2nd century
* Aeschylus of Cnidus, contemporary of Cicero, and one of the most celebrated rhetoricians in Asia Minor
* Aeschylus of Rhodes, governor of that city after its conquest by Alexander the Great

## Other uses

* 2876 Aeschylus, asteroid named after the playwright
# Welter Racing WR LMP2008

The Welter Racing WR LMP2008 is an LMP sports prototype race car, designed, developed and built by French racing team Welter Racing, for sports car racing, in 2008. It is powered by a Zytek ZG348 engine which develops a power of approximately 540 hp (400 kW) @ 9,500 rpm, for a torque of 441 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) @ 8,000 rpm. In 2008, it competed in both the European 2008 Le Mans Series as well as the 2008 24 Hours of Le Mans.
# Surjit Singh Randhawa

Sardar Surjit Singh Randhawa (10 October 1951 – 6 January 1984) was an Indian field hockey player, who played for India men's national field hockey team at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. He was a full back and captain of India field hockey team. He got his training from DSP Ajit Singh Ahluwalia.

## Early life and education

Born in Batala, Punjab, Singh studied in Guru Nanak School, Batala, and later at Lyallpur Khalsa College at Jalandhar, where he started playing university level hockey tournaments.

## Career

After finishing college he joined the Punjab Police Force for a few years. He made his debut in the second Hockey World Cup in Amsterdam in 1973. He also played for India in the Munich Olympics in 1972, the 1974 and 1978 Asian Games, the 1976 Montreal Olympics, the Asian Games in Bangkok in 1978, and the 1982 World Cup held at Bombay. He was also the part of the winning team in 1975 Hockey World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. He was the first to score for India in the 1975 World Cup. He was included in the World Hockey XI in 1973 and the All-Star Hockey XI the next year. He was also the top scorer-both in the Esanda International hockey Tournament at Perth in Australia and the 1978 Asian Games. In his career he was able to score 4 Olympic goals. Initially he worked briefly with Indian Railways and Indian Airlines and finally with Punjab Police.

## Personal life

His wife Chanchal Randhawa was also international field hockey player, who led India women's national field hockey team in the 1970s. His Son Sarbrinder Singh Randhawa was a world-level Lawn Tennis Player, who represented India in various international tournaments across the world. He is also an Asian Games Runners up which were held in Indonesia.

### Death and legacy

Surjit Singh died in a car accident in 1984 near Kartarpur in Jalandhar district after his retirement from the game. The hockey stadium in Jalandhar, the Surjit Hockey Stadium, is named after him. In 2000, with the persistent efforts of Surjit Singh's family, the ancestral village of Surit Singh was renamed after him. Initially it was called "Dakhla", but now it is known as "Surjit Singh Wala"
A hockey academy named after him is also being run by the Government of Punjab. In 1984, after his death, the Surjit Hockey Society was established in Jalandhar, and it organizes the annual Surjit Memorial Hockey Tournament in Jalandhar, every year, In 2007, with the efforts of Surjit Singh's family, a statue was installed in Batala to commemorate the legendary hockey player.
In 2012, in an effort to revive the sport in the state, Government of Punjab announced its decision to support the society. He was posthumously awarded the Arjuna Award in 1998.
# Joseph Maria von Colloredo

Joseph Maria von Colloredo-Mels und Wallsee (11 September 1735 – 26 November 1818) served in the army of Habsburg Austria during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was distinguished in action during the Seven Years' War. He commanded the artillery at the 1789 Siege of Belgrade and was promoted Field Marshal for his services. He led a major reform of the Austrian army's artillery and became a member of the Hofkriegsrat. In 1769, he became Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment and held the position until his death.

## Family

Joseph Maria was the fourth child and third son of Rudolph Joseph von Colloredo zu Wallsee zu Mels (1706–1788) and Marie Gabriele von Starhemberg (1707–1793). His brothers were Franz de Paula Gundackar von Colloredo (1731–1807), Hieronymus von Colloredo (1732–1812), and Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo (1738–1822).
His sisters were Maria Antonie (1728–1757), Marie Gabriele (1741–1801), Marie Therese (1744–1828), Marie Franziska (1746–1795), Marie Caroline (1752–1832). Joseph had nine other siblings who died young. Hieronymus became Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg in 1772 and became a patron of Mozart. Wenzel Joseph was promoted Field Marshal in 1808. Joseph Maria never married.

## Career

Colloredo was appointed inhaber (proprietor) of Infantry Regiment Nr. 57 in 1769. He succeeded the previous inhaber, Joseph von Andlau who held the position since 1745. Friedrich von Minutillo was appointed the next inhaber of the regiment in 1823.
# Richard Weber (mathematician)

Richard Robert Weber (born 25 February 1953) is a mathematician working in operational research. He is Emeritus Churchill Professor of Mathematics for Operational Research in the Statistical Laboratory, University of Cambridge.
Weber was educated at Walnut Hills High School, Solihull School and Downing College, Cambridge. He graduated in 1974, and completed his PhD in 1980 under the supervision of Peter Nash. He has been on the faculty of the University of Cambridge since 1978, and a fellow of Queens' College since 1977 where he has been Vice President from 1996–2007 and again from 2018–2020. He was appointed Churchill Professor in 1994, and he became Emeritus Churchill Professor on retirement in 2017. He was Director of the Statistical Laboratory from 1999 to 2009, and is a trustee of the Rollo Davidson Trust.
He works on the mathematics of large complex systems subject to uncertainty. He has made contributions to stochastic scheduling, Markov decision processes, queueing theory, the probabilistic analysis of algorithms, the theory of communications pricing and control, and rendezvous search.
Weber and his co-authors were awarded the 2007 INFORMS prize for their paper on the online bin packing algorithm.

## Selected publications

* Courcoubetis, C.; Weber, R. R. (2003). Pricing Communication Networks: Economics, Technology and Modelling. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-85130-2.
* Csirik, J.; Johnson, D. S.; Kenyon, C.; Orlin, J. B.; Shor, P. W.; Weber, R. R. (2006). "On the sum-of-squares algorithm for bin packing". Journal of the ACM. 53 (1): 1–65. arXiv:cs/0210013. doi:10.1145/1120582.1120583. S2CID 103436.
* Courcoubetis, C.; Weber, R. R. (2006). "Incentives for large peer-to-peer systems". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 24 (5): 1034–1049. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.737.9611. doi:10.1109/JSAC.2006.872885. S2CID 6977430.
* Gittins, J. C.; Glazebrook, K. D.; Weber, R. R. (2011). Multi-Armed Bandit Allocation Indices (second ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-67002-6.
* Weber, Richard (2012). "Optimal symmetric rendezvous search on three locations". Mathematics of Operations Research. 37: 111–122. doi:10.1287/moor.1110.0528. S2CID 18219038.
# Strunkovice nad Blanicí

Strunkovice nad Blanicí is a market town in Prachatice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Strunkovice nad Blanicí consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Strunkovice nad Blanicí (872)
* Blanička (18)
* Malý Bor (24)
* Protivec (69)
* Šipoun (44)
* Svojnice (81)
* Velký Bor (95)
* Žíchovec (43)

## Geography

Strunkovice nad Blanicí is located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Prachatice and 32 km (20 mi) west of České Budějovice. It lies in the Bohemian Forest Foothills. The highest point is the hill Zádušní les at 589 m (1,932 ft) above sea level. The Blanice River flows through the market town. The eastern part of the municipal territory is rich in small fishponds.

## History

The first written mention of Strunkovice nad Blanicí is from 1227.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 2,423 | — |
| 1880 | 2,417 | −0.2% |
| 1890 | 2,140 | −11.5% |
| 1900 | 2,007 | −6.2% |
| 1910 | 1,919 | −4.4% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,022 | +5.4% |
| 1930 | 1,953 | −3.4% |
| 1950 | 1,354 | −30.7% |
| 1961 | 1,459 | +7.8% |
| 1970 | 1,280 | −12.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,257 | −1.8% |
| 1991 | 1,180 | −6.1% |
| 2001 | 1,202 | +1.9% |
| 2011 | 1,231 | +2.4% |
| 2021 | 1,246 | +1.2% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Strunkovice nad Blanicí is located on the railway line Číčenice–Nové Údolí via Prachatice.

## Sights

The main landmark of Strunkovice nad Blanicí is the Church of Saint Dominic. It was built in the Gothic style in the second half of the 13th century. In the 18th century, it was modified to its current form.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Strunkovice nad Blanicí is twinned with:
* Stocken-Höfen, Switzerland
* Verkhnii Bystryi, Ukraine