OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Smith Creek (Virginia)

38°36′51″N 78°40′14″W﻿ / ﻿38.614188°N 78.670542°W﻿ / 38.614188; -78.670542
Smith Creek (also known as Smith's Creek) is a 35.5-mile-long (57.1 km) tributary stream of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Its watershed comprises 106 square miles (270 km$^2$) within Shenandoah and Rockingham counties on the western slope of the Massanutten Mountain ridge. Its headwaters lie in Rockingham County just north of Harrisonburg, and its confluence with the North Fork of the Shenandoah River is located just south of Mount Jackson.
Smith Creek's major tributaries include:
* Mountain Run, which runs from the west slope of the Massanutten Mountain
** Fridley Run, a tributary of Mountain Run
* Dry Fork, which rises just east of Harrisonburg, joining Smith Creek just before Lacey Spring
* Lacey Spring Branch, a short branch which runs from the limestone springs at Lacey Spring
* War Branch, which rises at the base of the Massanutten Mountain southwest of the community of Athlone and continues past the community of Arkton before joining Smith Creek near Moores Mill Road
* Gap Branch, which rises at the base of the Massanutten near New Market Gap and joins Smith Creak just prior to the North Fork of the Shenandoah River.

## Smith Creek restoration project

Smith Creek has been the beneficiary of a large-scale stream restoration project to revitalize the stream to a point where the native trout species can again thrive. Prior to the Civil War, trout up to 5 and 6 pounds were common in the stream, but as forested land was converted to pasture land for livestock the stream became unsuitable for fish. Restoration techniques include restricting livestock's access to the stream, which will reduce sediment and contamination from fecal bacteria, and planting grasses and trees along the banks, which will reduce erosion and sediment and reduce the stream's temperature by shading the water from the summer sun. By 2006, populations have already been reestablished in Mountain Run, and they have begun migrating downstream.
In 2010, the Smith Creek watershed was named Virginia’s Chesapeake Showcase Watershed in recognition of the community's outstanding efforts to rejuvenate the creek's aquatic ecosystem. Fishermen continue to flock to the creek for its excellent fly fishing. By 2011, Smith Creek was home to brown trout over 24 inches (610 mm) and 7 pounds (3.2 kg), and rainbow trout over 5 pounds (2.3 kg) are not uncommon.
# Dave Etter

David Pearson Etter (March 18, 1928 – July 10, 2015) was an American poet. He was known for poems evoking small-town midwestern life. His most famous volume was written as 222 monologues in the voices of citizens of the imaginary community of "Alliance, Illinois," which was based in part on his experiences living for many years in his adopted hometown of Elburn, Illinois.
Reviewing an early collection of his work, poet Lisel Mueller notes that Etter was “strongly influenced by Masters, Lindsay, and Sandburg, he is a chronicler of Midwest prairie towns and the disappearing race of semi-rural people, with their inarticulate dreams and dark secrets”. Poet Jay Paul noted that Etter converted colloquialism into “a poetic innovation that displays the variety and humor of midwestern speech."
Etter's poems have been published in eight foreign countries and translated into German, Polish, and Japanese. He published thirty books and chapbooks of his own poems, which were included in over 100 textbooks and anthologies. The literary journal Spoon River Quarterly published a special issue in 1983 devoted to Dave Etter, including an autobiographical essay, and interviews with the poet by Norbert Blei, Robert C. Bray, Victor Contoski, Jim Ellege, and Dan Jaffe.

## Biography

Etter was born in Huntington Park, California. He received a degree in history from the University of Iowa in 1953. He served two years in the U. S. Army. At age 30 he settled in the midwest, living in turn in Evanston, Geneva, Lilly Lake, and Elburn, Illinois. He was an editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica from 1964 to 1973. He was a manuscript editor at Northern Illinois University Press from 1974 to 1980.

## Awards

* He won a Carl Sandburg Award for poetry in 1981-82 for the book West of Chicago.
* He won a Society of Midland Authors Kenneth F. Montgomery Poetry Award in 1967 for the book Go Read the River.
* He received the Illinois Sesquicentennial Commission Poetry Prize.
* He won the Theodore Roethke award from the journal Poetry Northwest in 1971.
# Kenneth Jacobs (politician)

Kenneth Leonard Jacobs (born 7 May 1959) is a South African politician and doctor, and the chairperson of the Portfolio Committee on Health in the National Assembly of South Africa since 2021. He has been a Member of Parliament since 2019. Jacobs is a member of the African National Congress.

## Background

Jacobs was born on 7 May 1959. He holds a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree from the University of the Western Cape, a Bachelor of Medical Sciences degree from the University of Cape Town, a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) degree and a Master of Medicine (MMed) degree in Family Medicine from the University of Stellenbosch as well as a Master of Science (MSc) degree in Sports Medicine from the University of Pretoria.
Jacobs is a former member of the provincial executive committee (PEC) of the African National Congress in the Western Cape.

## Parliamentary career

In 2019 Jacobs stood for election to the South African National Assembly as 5th on the ANC's Western Cape list of parliamentary candidates. At the election, he won a seat in parliament. Upon election, he became a member of the Portfolio Committee on Health.
In August 2021, Jacobs was elected Chairperson of the Portfolio Committee on Health. Jacobs replaced Sibongiseni Dhlomo, who was appointed Deputy Minister of Health.
# En-hegal

En-hegal, also Enhengal (Sumerian: 𒂗𒃶𒅅, en-ḫe₂-ŋal₂; fl. c. 2570 BC), was possibly an ancient ruler of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. Only one inscription mentioning him is known, the "Tablet of En-hegal", describing a business transaction. If indeed a king of Lagash, it is estimated he would have ruled around 2570 BC.
The tablet with his name describes a business transaction, in which a possible King En-hegal buys land. He seems to have purchased about 1,000 hectares of land. A tentative translation of the tablet was published by George Barton.
* The Tablet of En-hegal records major land transactions by King En-hegal.
* Inscription "For Enhegal King of Lagash", with transcription in standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform (𒂗𒃶𒅅 𒈗𒂠 𒉢𒁓𒆷, En-hegal Lugal še Lagash).
# 1932 Swedish general election

General elections were held in Sweden on 17 and 18 September 1932. The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 104 of the 230 seats in the Andra kammaren of the Riksdag. The party returned to government after six years in opposition, marking the beginning of 44 years of near-uninterrupted rule (the only exception was three months in 1936). This was also the first time the socialist parties received an overall majority of the elected parties' popular vote, although the Hansson cabinet still required cross-aisle co-operation to govern since the centre-right parties won 118 out of 230 seats.

## Results

The Clerical People's Party, albeit a separate party, received 8,911 votes or 0.4% of the vote share, but had the votes re-assigned to the General Electoral League as a result of them forfeiting their votes out of tactical purposes and were listed as Electoral League or "Rightist" votes in the official final results. No Clerical People's Party member got elected to the Riksdag, which meant the Electoral League covered the entire rightist delegation. Therefore the General Electoral League may correctly be attributed to both 23.1% and 23.5% of the overall vote share.
| | Swedish Social Democratic Party | 1,040,689 | 41.71 | 104 | +14 |
| | General Electoral League | 585,248 | 23.46 | 58 | –15 |
| | Farmers' League | 351,215 | 14.08 | 36 | +9 |
| | Free-minded National Association | 244,577 | 9.80 | 20 | –8 |
| | Communist Party (Kilbommare) | 132,564 | 5.31 | 6 | New |
| | Communist Party (Sillénare) | 74,245 | 2.98 | 2 | –6 |
| | Liberal Party | 48,722 | 1.95 | 4 | 0 |
| | Swedish National Socialist Party | 15,170 | 0.61 | 0 | New |
| | Centre Party | 2,501 | 0.10 | 0 | New |
| | Other parties | 175 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 2,495,106 | 100.00 | 230 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,495,106 | 99.76 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 6,060 | 0.24 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,501,166 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 3,698,935 | 67.62 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver, SCB ||||||
# Kotpad Handloom fabrics

Kotpad Handloom is a vegetable-dyed fabric woven by the tribal weavers of the Mirgan community of Kotpad village in Koraput district, Odisha, India. Cotton sarees with solid border and Pata Anchal, duppatta with typical Buties / motifs, Scolrfs on cotton, silk, handloom stoles, and dress materials are all dyed with organic dyes. The natural dye is manufactured from the aul tree grown in this area. The Kotpad tussar silk saree with tribal art and Kotpad handloom fabrics with natural color is its specialty.
Kotpad handloom fabric is the first item from Odisha that received the Geographical Indication of India tag, in 2005. The Mirgan community of Kotpad is famous for their exquisite organic dyed textile. They usually weave this textile for "Bhotada", "Dharua" and other motifs of their neighboring tribal communities.
Recently, Biswanath Rath, an Indian Writer-Director, has made an English Documentary titled 'Kotpad Weaving : The Story of a Race Against Time' about Kotpad Handloom, dyeing and weaving which has been produced by PSBT in association with Doordarshan. This documentary was telecasted on DD National on 24 March 2018. The film explores the uniqueness of Kotpad Handloom, the issues and possible solutions for revival of Kotpad Weaving and Dyeing.
In 2018, Gobardhan Panika, one of the master weavers of the craft, was honored by the Government of India with the fourth highest civilian honor of the Padma Shri.

## Raw materials

Cotton yarn, Tussar silk and Aul tree roots are the main materials used for textile work. Using organic dye is the most important aspect of these textile products. It takes approximately 15 to 30 days for processing the color and dyeing threads into different colors. The main colors extracted are black and maroon. Sarees and shawls are the most important and attractive textile products from the Kotpad weaving community. The textiles are very comfortable to wear during summer and winter.

### Natural dye colour

The characteristics of natural dye colouring are derived from the aul tree or madder dye (Morinda citrifolia) extracted from the root of the Indian madder tree. Since it is prepared out of natural resources which are non-toxic, the dye is not harmful to the skin. Even though it is only a limited colour range, it is eco-friendly and shades developed are very suiting and pleasant. The colours ranging from deep maroon to dark brown depend on the age of the root bark and the proportion of the dye used and is obtained with the addition of harikari or iron sulphate. These colours mixed with the natural unbleached off-white color of the cotton yarn produce dramatic results. The motifs used on the fabric are conch, boat, axes, crab, bow, temple, fish, and fan, which reflect the culture of the area. These motifs are developed by the extra wefts. By use of multi-shuttle by interlocking method, a solid border effect of the fabric is brought up by the pick by pick insertion of thread.
# Alley (surname)

Alley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Anthea Alley (1927–1993), British sculptor
* Allen Alley (born 1954), American businessman and politician
* Alphonse Alley (1930–1987), Beninese political figure
* Bill Alley (1919–2004), Australian cricket player
* Cal Alley (1915–1970), American editorial cartoonist
* Candice Alley (born 1982), Australian singer-songwriter
* Carroll Alley (1928–2016), American physicist
* Chelsea Alley (born 1982), New Zealand rugby player
* Don Alley (1945–2020), American football player
* Elizabeth Alley (1955–2013), American actress
* Ernest Alley (1904–1971), American football player
* Fred Alley (1962–2001), American lyricist
* Gene Alley (born 1940), American baseball player
* Geoff Alley (1903–1986), New Zealand rugby player
* George Alley (died 1912), Irish Methodist
* Henry Alley (born 1945), American writer
* Jennifer Alley, American basketball coach
* Jerome Alley (1760–1826), Irish poet and author
* John B. Alley (1817–1896), American politician and businessman
* Keirsten Alley (born 1973), American tennis player
* Kim Alley (born 1965), American modeling agent
* Kirstie Alley (1951–2022), American actress and comedian
* Larry Alley (born 1948), American politician
* Lindsey Alley (born 1977), American actress and singer
* Miko Alley, American-Filipino footballer
* Phil Alley (born 1970), Australian cricket player
* Rewi Alley (1897–1987), New Zealand writer
* Richard Alley (born 1957), American geologist
* Rick Alley (born 1963), American poet
* Shelly Lee Alley (1894–1964), American singer, musician, songwriter and western swing bandleader
* Stephen Alley (1876–1969), British mechanical engineer and secret agent
* Steve Alley (born 1953), American ice hockey player
* T. W. Alley (1942–1993), American football player and coach
* Taylor Alley, American rugby player
* Ted Alley (1881–1949), Australian footballer
* Thomas Alley (born 1946), American politician
* Tom Alley (1889–1953), American racing driver
* Vernon Alley (1915–2004), American jazz musician
* Wayne Alley (born 1932), American judge
* William Alley (1510–1570), Anglican prelate
* William Alley (born 1936), American javelin thrower
* William Nassau Alley (1808–1849), Irish methodist
* Zeb Alley (1928–2013), American lawyer, lobbyist, and politician

## Given name
### Male

* Alley Broussard (born 1983), American football player

### Female

* Alley Baggett (born 1973), American glamour model
* Alley Mills (born 1951), American actress
# 1927 in India

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events in the year 1927 in India.

## Incumbents

* Emperor of India – George V
* Viceroy of India – The Lord Irwin

## Events

* National income – ₹ 32,890 million
* 18 January – Council House in New Delhi is opened.
* 20 March – Mahad Satyagraha lead by B. R. Ambedkar for Dalit rights.
* 14 April – The first formal meeting of Haj Committee of India held at Bombay.
* 28 September – Fatal communal riots in Dehra Dun, U.P.
* 12 November – Mahatma Gandhi made his first and last visit to Ceylon.
* The Simon Commission is formed to consider further steps toward self-rule of India. No Indian member is included.
* Dr. B.R. Ambedkar started temple entry movement in 1927.

## Law

* Indian Forest Act
* Light House Act

## Births

* 24 January – J. Om Prakash, film producer. (died 2019)
* 30 January – Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana, dermatologist (died 2005)
* 3 February – Vasant Sarwate, cartoonist and writer (died 2016)
* 28 February – Krishan Kant, politician, Vice President of India (died 2002)
* 1 March – Adoor Bhasi, actor, writer, journalist, singer and film producer (died 1990)
* 3 June – M. Narasimham, Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (died 2021)
* 1 July – Chandra Shekhar, politician, 8th Prime Minister of India (died 2007)
* 3 July – Balivada Kantha Rao, novelist and playwright (died 2000)
* 12 July – Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistani hammer thrower (died 1996)
* 20 July – Rajendra Kumar, actor and producer (died 1999).
* 26 August
** B. V. Doshi, architect (died 2023)
** Bansi Lal, Haryana's four time chief minister, and defence minister of India during Indian Emergency (1975–77) (died 2006)
* 8 November – Lal Krishna Advani, politician and former Deputy Prime Minister of India
* 8 December – Parkash Singh Badal, politician and former Chief Minister of Punjab (died 2023)
* 25 December – Ram Narayan, sarangi player (died 2024)

### Full date unknown

* K. T. Muhammed, playwright (died 2008)

## Deaths

* 19 December – Ashfaqulla Khan, freedom fighter
* 19 December – Ram Prasad Bismil, freedom fighter
# Polyhymnia

Polyhymnia (/pɒliˈhɪmniə/; Greek: Πολυύμνια, lit. 'the one of many hymns'), alternatively Polymnia (Πολύμνια), is, in Greek mythology, the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn, dance and eloquence, as well as agriculture and pantomime.

## Etymology

Polyhymnia name comes from the Greek words "poly", meaning "many", and "hymnos", which means "praise".

## Appearance

Polyhymnia is depicted as serious, pensive and meditative, and often holding a finger to her mouth, dressed in a long cloak and veil and resting her elbow on a pillar. Polyhymnia is also sometimes credited as being the Muse of geometry and meditation.
In Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus Siculus wrote, "Polyhymnia, because by her great (polle) praises (humnesis) she brings distinction to writers whose works have won for them immortal fame...".

## Family

As one of the Muses, Polyhymnia is the daughter of Zeus and the Titaness Mnemosyne. She was also described as the mother of Triptolemus by Cheimarrhoos, son of Ares, and of the musician Orpheus by Apollo.

## Dedications

On Mount Parnassus, there was a spring sacred to the Muses. It was said to flow between two big rocks above Delphi, then down into a large square basin. The water was used by the Pythia, who were priests and priestesses, for oracular purposes including divination.

## In popular culture

* In astronomy, there are ten asteroids named after the Muses, and moons named after another two. The one named after Polyhymnia is a main belt asteroid discovered by Jean Chacornac, a French astronomer, in 1854.
* Polyhymnia appears in Dante's Divine Comedy: Paradiso. Canto XXIII, line 56, and is referenced in modern works of fiction.

## Gallery

* Polyhymnia, Friedrich Ochs, 1857
* Polyhymnia, Milano
* Polyhymnia, Giovanni Baglione, 1620
* Polyhymnia, Francesco del Cossa, 1455 – 1460
* Polyhymnia, Giuseppe Fagnani, 1869
* Cast of Polyhymnia, Pushkin Museum, Moscow
# Don Okafor

Major Donatus Okafor (died July 1966) was a Nigerian army officer, Commander of the Federal Guards Brigade, and one of the principal plotters of the January 15, 1966 coup, an event that derailed Nigeria's nascent democracy and introduced military rule to Nigeria.

## Early life

Okafor was born in Kaduna and was fluent in Hausa. His father reportedly had a business in Kano and his mother was a Tiv.

## Career

Okafor joined the Nigerian Army as non commissioned officer (NCO) and received short service training at Mons Officer Cadet School in Aldershot, England in 1959.

## Participation in the January 15, 1966 coup

As Commander of the Federal Guards Brigade, a unit tasked with providing security to Nigeria's Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Okafor was critical to the January 15, 1966 coup conspirators considering his intimate knowledge of the Prime Minister's routine. Okafor had a personal relationship with the Prime Minister and was considered a member of Balewa's household.
On the night of January 15, 1966, Major Okafor led Federal Guard soldiers to Brigadier Zakariya Maimalari's residence at Thompson Avenue in Ikoyi. The group was unsuccessful and Maimalari escaped waving down another coup conspirator, Emmanuel Ifeajuna, who unbeknown to Maimalari was in on the conspiracy and was Maimalari's Brigade Major. Emmanuel Ifeajuna and 2nd Lt. Ezedigbo gunned down Maimalari. Author Max Siollun, notes that PM Balewa would have witnessed Maimalari's murder because he had been abducted by Ifeajuna earlier on in the evening.
Okafor was detained in Abeokuta prison by General Aguiyi-Ironsi for his role in the January 15, 1966 coup.

## Death

Soldiers of northern origin who mutinied during July Counter Coup broke into Abeokuta prison where Okafor was detained. He was tortured and according to some accounts was buried alive by his attackers.
# Battle of Cape Spartel (1936)

The Battle of Cape Spartel (Cabo Espartel in Spanish) was a naval battle of the Spanish Civil War that broke the Republican naval blockade of the Strait of Gibraltar, securing the maritime supply route to Spanish Morocco for the Nationalists early in the war. The action occurred on 29 September 1936 between two Nationalist cruisers and two Republican destroyers.

## Background

The rebels at Ferrol, Galicia, had been able to seize the city's naval base in July 1936, but at a large cost: over 30 mutinous officers had been shot dead by hundreds of sailors loyal to the Republic.
Their prize included the old battleship España (formerly Alfonso XIII), the cruiser Almirante Cervera, the unfinished Canarias and Baleares, an older cruiser undergoing repairs (Navarra), one destroyer, and a number of torpedo boats and sloops. In September, a small squadron, including Almirante Cervera and Canarias, steamed from Ferrol to engage the Republican navy.
At the start of the war, the Spanish Republican Navy had the battleship Jaime I, three light cruisers, 14 destroyers, plus five submarines. In addition to España, the two cruisers and one destroyer taken by the Nationalists, by the following year they had completed Baleares and Canarias. They also had purchased four destroyers and two submarines from Fascist Italy. The Nationalists established a blockade of the Republican-held coastline for the entire duration of the war, but their paucity of ships limited the blockade's effectiveness.

## The battle

The Nationalists engaged a squadron of Republican destroyers stationed on the western end of the Straits shortly after 6:30 am. The destroyer Gravina was deployed near Cape Spartel, while her sister ship Almirante Ferrándiz was patrolling off Ceuta. A fierce exchange of fire followed, during which the destroyer Almirante Ferrándiz was chased and eventually sunk by Canarias in the Alboran Sea after a 40-minute engagement, while Gravina was pursued and hit twice by Almirante Cervera along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The main guns of Canarias found their mark at a range of 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) with their second salvo, while those of Almirante Cervera performed poorly. The surviving Republican destroyer retreated toward Casablanca. Almirante Ferrándiz, having been hit six times, blew up and sank 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) south of Calaburras. Thirty-one seamen from Almirante Ferrándiz were rescued by Canarias, while the French liner Koutubia picked up another 26, including her commander, José Luis Barbastro Jiménez. This action was decisive to open the Straits to the insurgents' shipping.