OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cerastoderma glaucum

Cerastoderma glaucum, the lagoon cockle, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Cardiidae, the cockles.
This species is found along the coasts of Europe and North Africa, including the Mediterranean and Black Seas and the Caspian Sea, and the low-salinity Baltic Sea. It is a euryhaline species living in salinities 4-100 ‰. In north-west Europe (including the British Isles), it typically does not live on open shores but rather in shallow burrows in saline lagoons, or sometimes on lower shores in estuaries. It cannot tolerate significant exposure to the air. The form found in lagoons is thinner-shelled than the estuarine populations.
The lagoon cockle can grow to the length of 50 mm. In north-west Europe, it spawns in May–July, and the planktonic larval phase takes 11–30 days. The life span of the settled cockle is typically 2–5 years.
The species was described as Cardium glaucum in 1789 almost simultaneously both by Bruguière and by Poiret.
Cerastoderma glaucum Right and left valve of the same specimen:
* Right valve
* Left valve
Cerastoderma glaucum lamarcki Right and left valve of the same specimen:
* Right valve
* Left valve
# Jacquetta May

Jacquetta May is a British actor, screenwriter, theatre director and producer.

## Early life

Born in Kent, she attended Tonbridge Grammar School for Girls, and the University of Bristol.

## Career
### Acting

May joined EastEnders in 1991 for two years to play Rachel Kominski, Michelle Fowler's landlady and Mark Fowler's girlfriend. She went on to be a regular in Dangerfield (1996), Cardiac Arrest (1996), Four Fathers (1999) and Home Farm Twins (1999), and also appeared in Crocodile Shoes (1994), Peak Practice (2000), Down to Earth (2001), Cold Feet (2001), I'm Alan Partridge (2002), Holby City (2003), Silent Witness (2005), New Tricks (2011), The Bill and Casualty many times (1996–2012), Being Human (2010), Law & Order: UK (2010), Midsomer Murders (2021), The Killing Kind (2023) and Ridley (2022) with Adrian Dunbar, among others. She also appeared in the films Naked Cell (1988) and Get Real (1998).

### Writing

May started writing for television at World Productions in 2000. She co-created UGetMe for CBBC, which ran for three series (2003–05), and wrote for No Angels (2006), Where the Heart Is (2000), Shades (2000), New Tricks (2006), Personal Affairs (2009), and for the first series of Torchwood (2006). Her film In Love with Barbara (2008) about the romantic novelist Barbara Cartland and her friendship with Lord Mountbatten of Burma, starring Anne Reid and David Warner, was broadcast on BBC Four in 2008. She adapted Erica Jong's novel Fear of Flying. May's legal thriller Lawless, starring Suranne Jones, Lindsay Duncan and Jonathan Cake, was piloted in 2012 on Sky Living. She wrote for two series of Living The Dream for Sky Comedy, starring Philip Glenister and Lesley Sharp (2017–2019).

### Directing and producing

May co-founded the award-winning new writing theatre company Plain Clothes Productions, commissioning, producing and directing for the company, which toured the UK, and played the Traverse, the Bush Theatre, the Young Vic, and Battersea Arts Centre. She directed Her Sister's Tongue at Lyric Theatre Hammersmith in 1997 for the company. In 2019 she associate directed Brigit Forsyth in Killing Time, by Zoe Mills, at 59E59 Theaters, off-Broadway, New York.
# Vishal Nehria

Vishal Nehria (born 20 July 1988) is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Dharamshala constituency in the 2019 by election as a member of the BJP as the then-incumbent member of the constituency, Kishan Kapoor, got elected to the Parliament of India.
Vishal Nehria was married to Oshin Sharma a HAS Officer of Himachal Cadre. Later they divorced and on February 1, 2025 Vishal married another.

## Political career

Nehria was part of Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, the student wing of BJP, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a Hindu-nationalist organization that is affiliated with BJP. Nehria joined BJP in 2014 and also held positions in state's Bharatiya Janata Party Yuva Morcha from time to time thereafter. He got elected to the State Legislative Assembly for the first time in by-election on 24 October 2019.
In May 2022 he announced that Indian cricket team coach Rahul Dravid would attend a party event conducted by BJP. Rahul Dravid denied any such plans to attend.
# James A. McCartney

James A. McCartney (1835–1911) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 19th Attorney General of Illinois from 1881 to 1885.

## Early life

He was born on February 14, 1835, in Ireland. His family emigrated to the United States when he was two years old and lived in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania until 1845. His parents then moved to Trumbull County, Ohio, where he and his father engaged in farming. In the winter months he went to school and advanced rapidly in his studies. He became a student at the Western Reserve Seminary in Farmington, Ohio.

## Legal practice

In 1856, McCartney began to study law in Warren, Ohio in the office of Hon. Matthew Birchard. In 1857 he went into the office of Harding & Reed in Monmouth, Illinois, where he finished reading and was admitted to the bar in 1858. McCartney moved to Galva, Illinois in 1859 and practiced law there until the Civil War broke out.

## Military service

McCartney served in the American Civil War from 1861-1865. In April 1861 he enlisted in a company raised at Galva as a First Lieutenant. The company was mustered into service as Company D, 17th Illinois Infantry. He served with the 17th until after the Battle of Fort Donelson in February 1862. He was compelled to resign his commission in March due to health failing from exposure.
After recovering his health with a visit to Lake Superior, he again entered the service in October 1862 as First Lieutenant in Company G, 112th Illinois Infantry, commanded by Col. Thomas J. Henderson. He was promoted to Captain in April 1863, and served throughout the war, mostly in Kentucky and Tennessee. McCartney mustered out with the regiment at Camp Douglas in July 1865.
Throughout the war, McCartney wrote many letters to his wife Eunice, detailing his experiences in battle. They are housed in the Wayne County Historical Society in Fairfield, Illinois. A series of twenty-two columns about his life gleaned from those letters was written by Wasson Lawrence and appeared in the Wayne County Press in the 1960s.

## After the war

After the war, McCartney returned to the practice of law, this time in Fairfield, Illinois. He became prominent in Southern Illinois for his legal work. It is in Fairfield that he began to get involved in local and state politics.

## Attorney General of Illinois

McCartney was elected to the post of Attorney General as a Republican in 1880, and served from 1881-1885. During his term as the Attorney General, he worked to institute the Chicago Lake Front suits, culminating in the court case Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Illinois. This case helped preserve the Chicago lakefront at Grant Park in public trust.

## Later life

After serving as Attorney General, McCartney continued to practice law in Springfield, Illinois. In 1890, he moved to Chicago where he continued to practice law. He was elected to the Congress of Chicago district and served as attorney for the Lincoln Park board.

## Death

James A. McCartney died on May 13, 1911, in a sanitarium in Sherman, Texas. He was buried at Forest Home Cemetery in Chicago.
# Charles G. Johnson

Charles Gus Johnson (October 12, 1880 – October 14, 1957) was a Swedish-American politician who served as California state treasurer from 1923 to 1956.

## Early life

Johnson was born on October 12, 1880, in Sweden.

## Career

From 1913 to 1921, Johnson served as California State Superintendent of Weights and Measures. Elected as California state treasurer in 1923, he was the longest-serving state treasurer. Johnson was forced to resign on October 31, 1956, after stories, which were started by A. Ronald Button who assumed the position of Treasurer after Johnson, alleging that Johnson was funnelling state funds into personal loans; none of which was proving. He was a member of the California Republican Party.

## Personal life

Johnson has three children: Virginia L. Johnson, Claire Fitzgerald, and George W. Johnson. Johnston died on October 14, 1957, in Sacramento, California, at age 77.
# Mianus River Gorge

The Mianus River Gorge is a 935-acre (3.78 km$^2$) nature preserve in Bedford, New York jointly owned by The Nature Conservancy and Mianus River Gorge, Inc.. The first 60 acres (0.24 km$^2$) were purchased by the Preserve, with help from the Conservancy, their first land preservation deal. It has grown over the years and is still managed by Mianus River Gorge, Inc. In March 1964, it was designated a National Natural Landmark for its old growth climax hemlock forest and the gorge of the Mianus River.

## History

In 1954, Gloria and Anthony Anable reached out for help from The Nature Conservancy which pledged $7,500 to help purchase 60 acres (240,000 m$^2$) of land in the gorge, its first land preservation purchase.
In 1990, 17 acres (69,000 m$^2$) were donated as part of a development deal.
In 2007, The Nature Conservancy purchased eight acres (32,000 m$^2$) of adjacent wetlands to protect the gorge and its watershed.

## Geology

The gorge is a periglacial formation, carved by streams as the glacier retreated. It contains several types of bedrock including Bedford Augen Gneiss (an igneous intrusion from the Late Devonian period), Hartland Schist, Precambrian and Cambrian gneiss and quartzite. Cameron's Line passes through the preserve.
The old Hobby Hill pegmatite quarry is located in the northern section of the preserve. The Havenmeyer Falls is also part of the preserve.

## Wildlife and vegetation

In 2003, the Preserve began to manage its deer population via limited bow hunting. They did so to decrease the risk of excessive deer populations causing damage to the vegetation. They believed that very small scale reductions could effectively manage the population without adversely affecting neighboring populations due to the rose petal hypothesis of deer populations.
There are numerous species of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, and ferns within the preserve.

## Access

The preserve is open from April 1 to November 30, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. There are approximately three miles (5 km) of well-marked hiking trails.
# Eight Elvises

Eight Elvises is a 1963 silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol of Elvis Presley. In 2008, it was sold by Annibale Berlingieri for $100 million to a private buyer, which at the time was the most valuable work by Andy Warhol. The current owner and location of the painting, which has not been seen publicly since the 1960s, are unknown.

## Background

Eight Elvises is composed of eight identical, overlapping images of Elvis Presley in cowboy attire, silkscreened over a silver background. The painting was originally a portion of a 37-foot long (11 m) piece, containing sixteen copies of Elvis, that was showcased in a 1963 exhibition at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. The exhibition, Warhol's second at the Ferus, contained several other pieces using the same image of Elvis, as well as a series of head shots of Elizabeth Taylor. The images of Elvis were taken from a publicity still from the movie Flaming Star. When the gallery was dismantled, the section with eight images of Elvis became a distinct piece, measuring 6+1⁄2 by 12 feet (200 by 370 cm). While Warhol created 22 versions of the painting with two Elvises on it, known as Double Elvis, only one piece titled Eight Elvises was created.

## 2008 sale

In 2008, Eight Elvises was sold by Annibale Berlingieri, who had owned it for 40 years, in a private sale for $100 million to an unidentified collector. News of the sale, which was not announced publicly at the time, was broken by art writer Sarah Thornton and published in The Economist in late 2009. The deal was brokered by Philippe Ségalot, a New York–based art dealer and one time head of the contemporary art department at Christie's auction house. The sale made Eight Elvises one of the most expensive paintings ever sold, and made Warhol only the fifth artist, behind Pablo Picasso, Gustav Klimt, Jackson Pollock, and Willem de Kooning to have a painting sold for at least $100 million. The current location of the painting is unknown.
Another painting from 1963, Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster), broke the valuation record for a Warhol work set by Eight Elvises when it sold for $105.4 million at auction in November 2013.
# Little Flat Brook

Little Flat Brook is a 12.7-mile-long (20.4km) tributary of Flat Brook in Sussex County, New Jersey in the United States.
Upstream of the confluence with Little Flat Brook, Flat Brook is known as Big Flat Brook.
# Corbly Family massacre

The Corbly Family massacre refers to the massacre of members of the family of the Rev. John Corbly by Indians on May 10, 1782.
The Corbly family lived one mile north of Garards Fort, in southwest Pennsylvania at the John Corbley Farm. The massacre occurred on Sunday morning, May 10, 1782, as the Corbly family traveled on foot to their place of worship. The Corbly family had left their home and were on their way to worship at a place where Reverend John Corbly was to preach. When Corbly discovered that the Bible, which he thought was in Mrs. Corbly's care, had been left at home, he returned to get it and then followed his family, meditating upon the sermon he was to preach.
A party of Indians were on Indian Point, an elevation of land from which they could see John Corbly's cabin. The Indians descended the hill, crossed Whitely creek and filed up a ravine to the place, about forty-nine rods north of the present John Corbly Memorial Baptist Church, where the helpless family was massacred. Two of Corbly's daughters, Delilah and Elizabeth, lived after scalpings. Mrs. Corbly and the three remaining children were killed.
Because of the rise of ground the fort was out of view of the massacre, but was within hearing distance. The screams of the Corbly family were heard there and in a few minutes men on horseback rushed from the fort to give help.
The John Corbly Memorial Baptist Church was built in 1862. A plaque erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) in 1923 and set in a boulder reads: "Fort Garard built about 1774". The Corbly massacre took place about 279 yards north on May 10, 1782. A family reunion of John Corbly descendants takes place every year on the last Sunday in June, at the John Corbly Memorial Baptist Church in Garards Fort, PA. A historic review follows the 9:30 AM church service at 11:00 AM with a potluck dinner afterwards.
The family lived one mile north of Garards Fort in Long's Run, a tributary emptying into Whiteley Creek. The Monongahela River was five miles east of their cabin and Old Redstone Fort was 30 miles north. The Indians were on Lookout Point, west of the Corbly cabin. The Goshen Baptist Church was established in 1771 and was renamed the Reverend John Corbly Memorial Baptist Church in 1907. Delilah lived to age 65 and reared ten children with Levi Martin. Elizabeth died at age 21, a few days before she was to marry Isaiah Morris of Garards Fort. Only John Jr escaped unharmed.
# Awash rail disaster

On 13 January 1985, an express train derailed on a curved bridge over the gorge of the Awash River in Awash, Ethiopia. The official death toll was 428, with more than 500 injuries.

## Accident

On 13 January 1985, an express train was travelling from Dire Dawa to Addis Ababa on the rail line from Djibouti. It was overcrowded with approximately 1,000 passengers. Crossing the curved 40 feet (12 m) bridge over the ravine at Awash, four of the train's carriages derailed, beginning with the rear carriage. All fell into the ravine.
Initial reports were that as many as 449 had been killed; Ethiopian radio later reported 428 deaths. More than 500 were said to have been injured.
The accident was the deadliest train crash in Africa, and was at the time the third-deadliest train accident worldwide.

## Cause

The Ethiopian Ministry of Transportation blamed the crash on excessive speed on the curve; the driver was arrested.
# Tyler Goodspeed

Tyler Beck Goodspeed (born 1984/1985) is an American economist and economic historian who was the acting chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers from June 2020 to January 2021.

## Early life and education

Goodspeed was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 2003. He received his BA in economics and history, summa cum laude, from Harvard University in 2008, an MPhil in economic and social history from Emmanuel College, Cambridge, on a Gates Cambridge Scholarship in 2009, and returned to Harvard for his MA in 2011 and PhD in history, specializing in economic history, in 2014. His dissertation, Upon Daedalian Wings of Paper Money: Adam Smith, Free Banking, and the Financial Crisis of 1772, was supervised by a committee with Niall Ferguson, Benjamin M. Friedman, Richard Hornbeck, and Emma Georgina Rothschild. He also received a PhD in economics from Cambridge University.

## Career

He was a junior research fellow (postdoc) in economics at St. John’s College at Oxford University from 2014 to 2017 and a lecturer in economics in the Department of Political Economy at King's College London from 2016 to 2017.
In 2012, he published Rethinking the Keynesian Revolution: Keynes, Hayek, and the Wicksell Connection. His 2016 book, Legislating Instability: Adam Smith, Free Banking, and the Financial Crisis of 1772, analyses the collapse of the Ayr Bank in the Crisis of 1772. His 2017 book, Famine and Finance: Credit and the Great Famine of Ireland, analyzes the role of credit markets in mitigating the impact of adverse environmental shocks.
He joined the Council of Economic Advisers in 2017 as senior economist and then chief economist for macroeconomic policy. He became a member in 2019. Goodspeed was appointed acting Chair on June 23, 2020. Goodspeed also chaired the Economic Policy Committee at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
In March 2021 he became the Kleinheinz Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. In 2023 he became the Chief Economist of ExxonMobil Corporation.

## Personal life

Goodspeed is married to fellow academic Oliver McPherson-Smith.

## Books

* Tyler Beck Goodspeed (2012). Rethinking the Keynesian Revolution: Keynes, Hayek, and the Wicksell Connection. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-994279-4.
* Tyler Beck Goodspeed (2016). Legislating Instability: Adam Smith, Free Banking, and the Financial Crisis of 1722. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-08888-7.
* Tyler Beck Goodspeed (2017). Famine and Finance: Credit and the Great Famine of Ireland. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-31765-6.
# Darian Rural District

Darian Rural District (Persian: دهستان داريان) is in Darian District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dowdej. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Darian.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of the Central District) was 8,712 in 2,127 households. There were 8,622 inhabitants in 2,385 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 7,636 in 2,355 households. The most populous of its 39 villages was Tarbor-e Jafari, with 1,795 people.
In 2024, the rural district was separated from the district in the formation of Darian District.
# Rudolf Schmidt

Rudolf Schmidt (12 May 1886 – 7 April 1957) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded the 2nd Panzer Army on the Eastern Front. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. He was the older brother of Hans-Thilo Schmidt, who sold secrets about the Enigma machine to the French.

## Career

Schmidt joined the Prussian Army in 1906 and served during World War I. He was retained in the Reichswehr where he served in staff roles. In October 1936 he was promoted to Generalmajor and appointed commander of the 1st Panzer Division. In 1939 Schmidt led the division in the invasion of Poland.
On 1 February 1940 he was appointed commanding general of the XXXIX Panzer Corps. He led the Corps in France and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his role in that campaign on 3 June 1940. He was promoted to General der Panzertruppe and appointed acting commander of the 2nd Army which took part in the Battle of Moscow. On 25 December 1941 he was appointed Commander of the 2nd Panzer Army (replacing the sacked General Guderian).
His brother Hans-Thilo Schmidt sold details of the Germans' Enigma machine and other sensitive military information to the French Deuxième Bureau from 1931 until the German invasion of France in 1940. In January 1942 Rudolf Schmidt was promoted to Generaloberst, but on 10 April 1943 he was relieved of his command after the Gestapo arrested his brother for spying for the French, and found letters that Schmidt had written in which he was highly critical of Hitler’s conduct of the war and the Nazi Party. He appeared before a court martial but was acquitted and transferred to the leadership reserve on 30 September 1943. He was never re-employed.
On 16 December 1947 Schmidt was arrested by Soviet forces on his way to his home in Weimar. Taken to Moscow, he was initially imprisoned at the Vladimir Central Prison and Butyrka prison. In 1952, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison for war crimes by a military tribunal. On 30 September 1955, Schmidt was among the last prisoners to be released. He died in 1957.

## Awards

* Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (22 September 1939) & 1st Class (2 October 1939)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 3 June 1940 as Generalleutnant and commanding general of the XXXIX. Armeekorps (mot.)
** 19th Oak Leaves on 10 July 1941 as General der Panzertruppe and commanding general of the XXXIX. Armeekorps (mot.)
# Little Hill River

The Little Hill River is a river of Minnesota.