OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bab Mahrouk

Bab Mahrouk, also spelled Bab Mahruq, (Arabic: باب المحروق ) is historically the main western city gate of Fes el Bali, the old walled city of Fes, Morocco. The gate dates from 1204 and is located on the northwestern corner of Place Bou Jeloud, near the edge of Kasbah an-Nouar. It was historically the approximate starting point of the old city's main street, Tala'a Kebira.$^{:126}$

## History

The current gate was built in 1204 by the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir (ruled 1199-1213), who rebuilt the city walls and fortifications of Fes generally. It was also known (perhaps at an earlier period before the Almohad construction) as Bab ash-Shari'a (باب الشريعة meaning roughly "Gate of Justice/Law"), but became known as Bab Mahruq ("Gate of the Burnt") after the body of a Wazzani rebel called al-'Ubaydi was burnt here in 1203-04 (600 AH).$^{:110}$ The heads of executed rebels were hung here on display, a practice that continued on occasion even up to the beginning of the 20th century. On some occasions the condemned were hung by the wrists just above the ground for a full day before their execution. Today the gate is still standing but several other openings in the wall have been created nearby to allow for the passage of vehicles and regular traffic.

## Description

Like many medieval fortified gates, the gate has a bent entrance, entered from the west but turning 90 degrees to the south. It opens through a large horseshoe or Moorish arch, surrounded by a shallow rectangular frame (similar to Bab Mahrouk on the other side of the city). Another simple opening in the walls, inserted in recent times for better circulation, can also be found to the south of the gate structure.
West of the gate, outside the city walls, stretches the historic Bab Mahrouk Cemetery, one of the main cemeteries of the old city. It includes the mausoleum of 12th-century Islamic scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi.$^{:106}$ Ibn al-Khatib, the famous Andalusi poet from Granada, was also buried there after he was killed while jailed in Fez in 1375. One of the tombs in the cemetery may contain the final resting place of Muhammad XII, the last ruler of Granada and al-Andalus, though experts have yet to confirm this.
* Bab Mahrouk Cemetery
* Mausoleum of Abu Bakr Ibn al-Arabi
* Interior of the mausoleum of Ibn al-Arabi
# Laura Samuel (violinist)

Laura Helen Samuel (4 January 1976 – 21 November 2024) was a British violinist. She was a member and the co-founder of Belcea Quartet and leader of the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra.

## Biography

Samuel was born in 1976 in London. She studied at the Royal College of Music in the 1990s together with Romanian violinist Corina Belcea. They played music just for fun together in a string quartet. As they were successful, the four quartet members were exempted from orchestra lessons and they founded the Belcea Quartet, with Samuel as second violinist. Samuel played in the Belcea Quartet from 1994 to 2010. They won many prizes and gave concerts in the United States, Asia and Europe. In 2010 Samuel wanted to focus on her orchestral career. After an audition, she was accepted as a concertmaster in the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. In 2012, Samuel became the leader of the orchestra.
In the early stages of her career, she received a number of prizes, including those of the Royal Over-Seas League, Musicians Benevolent Fund, Manoug Parikian Award, and the TWIYCA Competition.
She had a five-year residency at the Wigmore Hall in London. As a teacher, she worked for institutions such as the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, Royal Northern College of Music and the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland. Samuel joined the Nash Ensemble in 2010.
After a long illness, Samuel died on 21 November 2024, at the age of 48 from leiomyosarcoma, a rare form of cancer. The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra dedicated a concert to her after her death.
# Robert Hodge House

The Robert Hodge House, also known as Sullivan Farm House, is a c. 1900 Queen Anne and Colonial Revival house in Franklin, Tennessee.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. When listed the property included one contributing building and one non-contributing building, on 1.1 acres (0.45 ha).
The property's listing is identified by the National Register as consistent with historic resource standards covered in a 1988 study of Williamson County historical resources.
# Superman: Last Son of Earth

Superman: Last Son of Earth is a 2000 American comic book miniseries, published by DC Comics under its Elseworlds imprint. Written by Steve Gerber with art by Doug Wheatley, the two-issue storyline focuses on social commentary, particularly xenophobia, cultural stagnation, and authoritarianism. The story is a reverse of the usual Superman origin, with Kal-El being sent from Earth to Krypton and discovering a Green Lantern power ring. With the powers of a Green Lantern, Krypton's adopted son journeys to Earth, the planet of his birth, discover the remnants of a civilization struggling to survive amid both ecological adversities and a ruthless would-be dictator named Luthor. A sequel, Superman: Last Stand on Krypton was released in 2003.

## Characters

The characters appeared in the story are from both elements and cast of the Superman and Green Lantern mythology:
* Kal-El
* Lantern of Krypton
* Jonathan Kent
* Jor-El
* Lara
* Lois Lane
* Perry White
* Seyg-El
* Kelex
* Green Lantern Corps
* Guardians of the Universe
* Jimmy Olsen
* Martha Kent
* Lex Luthor

## Plot

Jonathan Kent is a scientific genius who discovers that a meteor is about to crash into Earth. He then builds a rocket to carry his wife and son into space, but his wife would rather stay by his side, and so their son is sent alone. The ship enters a wormhole and eventually lands on Krypton and the boy, Clark Kent, is adopted by Jor-El and renamed Kal-El. Kal eventually finds a Green Lantern ring and saves Krypton. He later uses the ring to recover his memories and he returns to Earth, where he meets his love, Lois Lane, and his greatest enemy, Lex Luthor. Due to Kal-El's body having adapted to the stronger gravity of Krypton, he is a physical powerhouse when he returns to Earth (with superhuman strength, speed, agility, endurance, and resistance to injury, much like the classic Superman in his earliest appearances), which he discovers when Luthor steals his ring in an attempt to access its power.

## Sequel

The sequel Superman: Last Stand on Krypton was released in 2003, also written by Steve Gerber and art by Doug Wheatley. The story picks up 10 years after Superman: Last Son of Earth.

## In other comics

The premise of Superman becoming a Green Lantern on Krypton was visited in mainstream continuity. In JLA #8-9, the supervillain known as the Key traps the Justice League in their own private dreamworlds using a neural virus. In Superman's mind, he was born and raised on a Krypton that had not exploded. One day he discovered the dying Green Lantern Tomar-Re crashed on Krypton. Tomar gave Superman his power ring and named him the Green Lantern of Sector 2813. In this fake reality Superman was able to use his ring to trap criminals in the Phantom Zone.

## Publication

* Superman: Last Son of Earth #1-2 (52 page, July-August 2000)
# Robert M. Carrier House

The Robert M. Carrier House, also known as the Matthews House, is a historic house in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It was built in 1926 for Robert M. Carrier and his wife. In 1974, it was purchased by William S. Matthews, Jr. It was designed in the Jacobean Revival architectural style by Bryant Fleming, a Professor of Architecture at Cornell University. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 27, 1980.
# Robert M. Feustel House

Robert M. Feustel House is a historic home in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It was built in 1927, and consists of a series of irregularly intersecting two-story, Tudor Revival style hip-roofed masses. It features polygonal chimney stacks, half-timbering with herringbone brick infill, and diagonal projections at the juncture of the wings. It was built by Robert M. Feustel, a locally prominent entrepreneur.$^{:2–3}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
# Aluminium monoiodide

Aluminium monoiodide is an aluminium(I) compound with the chemical formula AlI. It is unstable at room temperature due to dismutation:
    6 AlI → Al$_2$I$_6$ + 4 Al
It forms a cyclic adduct Al$_4$I$_4$(NEt$_3$)$_4$ with triethylamine.
# Antonia Churchill

Antonia Churchill-Lance (May 6, 1919 – January 19, 2016) was an American sailor who competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. In the 8 metre event, she finished tenth and last as a member of the American team led by her father, 1932 gold medalist Owen Churchill. Born in Los Angeles, California, she was a member of the Los Angeles Yacht Club, and attended UCLA.
# Arenales Bajos

Arenales Bajos is a barrio in the municipality of Isabela, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 3,591.

## History

Arenales Bajos was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Arenales Bajos barrio was 833.
# That's a Plenty (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| The New Rolling Stone Record Guide | |
That's a Plenty is the second studio album by the American female vocal group The Pointer Sisters. It was released in 1974 on Blue Thumb Records.
The album peaked at No. 82 on the Billboard 200.

## History

Mixing the Pointers' brand of soul with rollicking blues numbers and jazz covers, the album also included the country-flavored "Fairytale", their second Top 40 hit. The song crossed over to the country charts, enabling the group to become the first African-American vocal group to perform at the Grand Ole Opry. The group won the Grammy Award for "Best Country Vocal Performance By A Duo Or Group".
It wouldn't be until Beyonce, 50 years later, in 2025 that another black woman would win in The Country Category.
The album was the second by the group to be certified gold. The album was remastered and issued on CD in 2006 by Hip-O Select.

## Personnel

* Anita Pointer, Ruth Pointer, Bonnie Pointer, June Pointer – vocals
Musicians
* Tom Salisbury – keyboards, Silverton accordion (1), brass and string arrangements
* Herbie Hancock – acoustic piano (2, 6); electric piano, Hohner clavinet and ARP synthesizer (9)
* David Briggs – acoustic piano (7)
* David Grisman – mandolin (1)
* Jesse Ed Davis – electric guitar (3)
* Jack Viertell – electric guitar (3)
* Bonnie Raitt – slide guitar (3)
* John Shine – guitar (4)
* Bobby Thompson – acoustic guitar (7)
* Weldon Myrick – pedal steel guitar (7)
* John Neumann – bass (1, 5, 8)
* Ron McClure – bass (2, 4, 6)
* Paul Jackson – bass (3, 9)
* Norbert Putnam – bass (7)
* Gaylord Birch – drums (1−6, 8, 9)
* Ken Buttrey – drums (7)
* Bill Summers – African talking drum, shekere and congas (9)
* Britt Woodman – trombone solo (4)
* Gordon Messick – trombone (5)
* Harry "Sweets" Edison – trumpet solo (4)
* James Goodwin – trumpet (5)
* Jim Rothermel – clarinet (5)
* Floyd Cooley – tuba (5)
* Buddy Spicher – fiddle (7)

## Production

* David Rubinson & Friends, Inc. – producer
* Tom Salisbury, Jeffrey Cohen, Bruce Good – associate producers
* Jeremy Zatkin, Fred Catero, David Rubinson – recording engineers
* George Horn, Phil Brown – mastering engineers
* David Rubinson – arrangements on "Grinning in Your Face" and "Black Coffee"
* Norman Landsberg, Jeffrey Cohen, Bruce Good – vocal arrangement on "Salt Peanuts"
* Randy Tuten – cover art
* Herb Greene – art direction, photography

## Chart positions

Chart performance for That's a Plenty :
| Chart (1974) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 79 |
| US Billboard Top LPs & Tape | 82 |
| US Billboard Top Soul LPs | 33 |
# Khasi Jaintia Federated State National Conference

The Khasi Jaintia Federated State National Conference (abbreviated KJFSNC) was an organization is the Khasi-Jaintia hills, India. As of 1946 KJFSNC petitioned the British authorities to create a Khasi Jaintia Federated States within Assam, merging the existing Khasi states with areas under British direct rule. The organization proposed of system of three branches of government; National Council, Executive Council and Federal Court.
KJFSNC fielded a single candidate in the 1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election, A. Alley in the Nongpoh constituency. Alley won the seat, with 9,441 votes (57.24%).
# Naissa Mosque

Naissa Mosque (Arabic: الْمَسْجِد النَّعِيسَة, romanized: al-Masjid an-Naʿīsah) is a mosque in Qardaha, along the Syrian coast. It was built in 1989 by architect Abdul Rahman Naassan, and funded by the mother of former president Hafez al-Assad, Naissa Assad—after whom the mosque was named. The state funeral of Hafez al-Assad was observed at the mosque.

## Architecture

The structure consists of an octagonal prayer hall covered by a dome and pierced by twenty-four colored glass windows. Outside, the courtyard, with a marble mosaic water fountain in the center, is connected to the mosque by porticoes. Also included in the building is a library situated behind the southern portico, and a reception hall behind the eastern portico.
The minaret, situated on the northeastern corner of the complex, stands on a 5 meters (16 ft)-high base and its octagonal shaft is 40 meters (130 ft) high. The architectural style of the mosque is similar to the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, with its octagonal shape and dome form. The transparency of the porticoes on the main elevation achieve a central lightness, while at the same time being weighted down at either end by the minaret and the dome of the prayer hall. The minaret and reception hall also balance the opposing volumes of the courtyard and the prayer hall.
# Nancy Higgins

Nancy Higgins (born 23 April 1954) is a Canadian rower. She competed in the women's eight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Tham Phu Kham

Tham Phu Kham is a cave to the northwest of Vang Vieng, Laos, located just to the northeast of the village of Ban Na Thong. Its name means "Blue Lagoon" due to its blue waters. The cave is revered by the locals and contains several Buddha images. The largest is a reclining bronze Thai Buddha in the main cave.
# Room and Bird

Room and Bird is a 1951 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on June 2, 1951, and stars Tweety and Sylvester.
The film is set in a hotel which has a strict policy against the presence of pets. However, the respective owners of Tweety, Sylvester, and Hector have sneaked them inside, and the trio start chasing each other. Through an attempt of the doorman to evict Sylvester and Hector (the two of the three he saw (off-screen)) through an intercom announcement, it is revealed that numerous pets were already living in the hotel in defiance of its policy.
The title is a pun on room and board.

## Plot

Two elderly ladies (one of which is Granny), the owners of Sylvester and Tweety, sneak their pets into a hotel where no pets are allowed. Sylvester, hearing Tweety's singing in the room next to his, writes a letter to the canary from his "Ardent Admirer". Tweety shortly discovers who his "admirer" is, and a chase ensues, which is cut short by the house detective, forcing both Tweety and Sylvester to run back into their rooms and the latter to disguise himself as a lady in bed screaming for help, which causes the detective to apologize and flee.
Sylvester then sneaks into Tweety's room and tries to get him in his cage; this backfires and he is knocked out by the spring-loaded cage and is dragged back to his room by Tweety. Sylvester then phones Tweety that his owner has a surprise for him; Tweety goes downstairs to receive it, but instead goes down Sylvester's throat, before returning alive with a mouse from the time of Thomas Jefferson. The chase then goes outside, and into the room of Hector the Bulldog.
Sylvester doesn't realize until after he has captured Tweety again that the dog is there. Another chase ensues, involving the dog, cat, and bird, which is also cut short by the detective, forcing the three to form a truce long enough to disguise themselves as an angry old lady with Tweety's head. The chase resumes again with the three animals running from room to room, making the detective suspicious. Finally, the detective (off-screen) sees Sylvester and Hector running, prompting him to finally head back to the lobby and make an announcement over the intercom evicting all pets. However, while it happens, it is revealed that numerous pets, along with several wild animals such as lions and even an elephant, were already living in the hotel, and they all come stampeding over him while running out of the hotel.
Getting up, the detective dizzily says Tweety's catch phrase: "I tawt I taw a putty tat!" Tweety, popping out of hiding, delivers the final punchline by replying, "You did! You did! You taw a putty tat, a moo-moo tow, a big dowiwwa, a diddy-up hortey, and a wittle monkey!" (A busker's monkey was the last animal to run over the detective).
# 1815 in Sri Lanka

1815 in Sri Lanka marks the turn from the Kandyan period to the British Ceylon period, when the Kingdom of Kandy was disestablished and the creation of British Ceylon as the sole polity on the island.

## Incumbents
### Kingdom of Kandy (Until 5 March)

* Monarch Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (Until 5 March)
* Pallegampahê Mahâ Nilamê Molligoda (Until Unknown)
* Udagampahê Mahâ Nilamê Unknown (Until Unknown)
* Maha Mohottala Unknown (Until Unknown)

### British Ceylon (From 5 March)

* Governor Robert Brownrigg
* Chief Justice Alexander Johnston
* Colonial Secretary John Rodney
* Advocate Fiscal Ambrose Hardinge Giffard
* Civil Auditor General John D'Oyly
* Treasurer John William Carrington
* General Officer Commanding Major general Alexander Cosby Jackson

## Events
### February

* 10 February – British forces enter Kandy during the Second Kandyan War.

### March

* 2 March – The Kandyan Convention, an agreement between the Kandyan chiefs and the British is signed deposing King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha and ceding of the kingdom's territory to British rule.

### Unknown

* – St. Thomas' Church, Colombo the first Anglican church built in Sri Lanka starts construction in Kotahena, Colombo
* – Newstead Girls College the oldest existing girls' college and the third oldest public school in Sri Lanka, founded by Wesleyan ministers in Negombo.

## Births
### March

* 9 March - Richard Kelly, 82 (d. 1897), (British Army officer)

## Deaths
### April

* 29 April - James Stuart, 73 (b. 1741), (British Army officer)

### December

* 15 December - Gajaman Nona, 69 (b. 1746), (author)
# Kirk Wilson

Kirk Wilson is a retired American soccer player who played professionally in Major League Soccer and the USL A-League.

## Youth

Wilson's family moved from California to El Paso, Texas when he was a child. He graduated from Coronado High School where he was part of the 1996 Texas State High School soccer championship team. During the summer of 1997, Wilson played for the Des Moines Menace of the USISL Premier Development Soccer League. Wilson attended Drake University, playing on the men's soccer team 1996 and 1997.

## Professional

In 1998, Wilson left Drake soon after and moved to Germany where he spent time training with various teams. In the spring of 1998, he returned to the United States and signed with the El Paso Patriots of the USISL A-League for the 1998 A-League season. He was fourth in the league's points chart, finished runner-up in the Rookie of the Year, and was Second Team All League. In February 1999, the Dallas Burn selected Wilson in the first round (seventh overall) of the 1999 MLS Supplemental Draft. He played five games for the Burn that season, going on loan to the Patriots in June and the MLS Project 40 team, which also competed in the USISL A-League, from June through the playoffs. In 2000, Wilson began the MLS season with the Burn, playing one game. On April 2, 2000, the Burn waived Wilson. He quickly signed with the El Paso Patriots where he played the rest of the season. In 2001, Wilson moved to the Rochester Rhinos where he was part of the Rhinos 2001 championship squad. He spent five seasons in Rochester. In 2005, his last season with the Rhinos, Wilson was first team All League. In December 2005, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Montreal Impact. Wilson retired at the end of the season and moved his family back to Des Moines, Iowa where he founded a company focused on training soccer players.

## International

In 1998 and 1999, Wilson played for the United States men's national under-23 soccer team.
# Randy Dedini

Randy Dedini (born January 7, 1970) is a retired American soccer goalkeeper who played professionally in the USL A-League. He is the head coach of the Sacramento State women's soccer team.

## Player
### Youth

In 1988, Dedini graduated from Vacaville High School. He began his collegiate career at American River College for two years before transferring to Sonoma State. He played at Sonoma in 1992 and 1993, being named a 1993 Division II Second Team All American. Dedini graduated with a bachelor's degree in kinesiology and was inducted into the school's Athletic Hall of Fame in 2008.

### Professional

In 1994, Dedini turned professional with the North Bay Breakers of the USISL. In 1995, Dedini moved to the Chico Rooks. The San Jose Clash signed Dedini during the 1996 pre-season but released him before the first game of the season. He returned to the Rooks where he was 1996 All League. In 1997, Dedini joined the Nashville Metros where he played through the 1998 season. In 1998, the Los Angeles Galaxy called Dedini up as a backup. In 1999, Dedini signed with the Pittsburgh Riverhounds where he remained until his retirement in 2003. Over his five years in Pittsburgh, Dedini was called up several times by Major League Soccer teams, but never entered a game. In July 1999, the Colorado Rapids called Dedini up for two games. He also spent time that season with the Kansas City Wizards. On June 30, 2000, the Rapids brought Dedini up for one game. In 2001, he spent time with the New England Revolution and the Dallas Burn.

## Coach

From 1997 to 2002, Dedini served as an assistant coach with the Quaker Valley High School boys' soccer team. In 2004, he became an assistant (goalkeeper) coach with Sacramento State women's soccer team. In 2005, he became a full assistant. On February 2, 2007, Dedini replaced Katie Poynter as head coach. He was the 2007 and 2010 Big Sky Conference Coach of the Year.
# Ester hydrolysis

Ester hydrolysis is an organic reaction which hydrolyzes an ester to a carboxylic acid or carboxylate, and an alcohol. It can be performed with acid as catalyst, or with base as reagent.

## Acidic hydrolysis of esters

The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters is the reverse of Fischer esterification. Acid is only required in catalytic amounts, as in Fischer esterification, and an excess of water drives the equilibrium towards carboxylic acid and alcohol.

## Alkaline hydrolysis of esters

Alkaline hydrolysis of esters is also known as saponification. A base such as sodium hydroxide is required in stochiometric amounts. Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, it is not an equilibrium reaction and proceeds to completion. Hydroxide ion attacks the carbonyl carbon to give a tetrahedral intermediate, which then expels an alkoxide ion. The resulting carboxylic acid quickly protonates the alkoxide ion to give a carboxylate ion and an alcohol. Water is often used as a solvent, but the presence of water is not necessary; alcohols may also be used as solvents, with dissolved hydroxide ion performing hydrolysis.
In this example of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl propionate, the asterisk indicates an oxygen-18 atom in an isotope labeling experiment to investigate the mechanism: