OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Purushottam K. Chauhan

Purushottam K. Chauhan (1905–1958) was a freedom fighter, coal mines owner, social leader, labor activist and politician from Dhanbad, India.

## Life-sketch

He was born in 1905 in his native village called Reha in Kutch. His father Khimji Walji Chauhan was a Railway Contractor belonging to Mestri community of Kutch. In the year 1916, Khimji Walji & Company was founded by his father Khimji Walji in partnership with Seth Khora Ramji & brothers. The firm founded Indian Jharia Colliery, the coal mines of which were located in Tisra. After death of his father in 1936, he became Senior & Managing Partner of the coal mining firm.
He was highly influenced by ideals of Mahatma Gandhi when he was studying Law in Calcutta and joined Indian independence movement. He led the rally in Quit India Movement on 17 August 1942 at Dhanbad, which was broken up by lathicharge and a continent of anti-aircraft gunners was sent from Asansol under Captain Ellis to control the activists in Dhanbad. Chauhan along with other student leaders like P. C. Bose were arrested by British and sent to jail. Bose and Chauhan were both student leaders from Dhanbad, while P. C. Bose after independence was Member of Parliament from Dhanbad for years 1951–57 and 1957–62, where as P. K. Chauhan became the Member of Legislative Assembly of Bihar from Dhanbad for same period.
In the year 1947 he attended 30th session of International Labour Conference held at Geneva from 19 June to 11 July 1947 as an employers delegate; where-in he was appointed as substitute to Resolutions Committee headed by Naval Tata Again in 1948, he attended 31st International Labour Conference held in San Francisco, United States of America, from 17 June 1948 to 10 July 1948. He attended conference as a Member of Legislative Assembly of Bihar, who was appointed as an Advisory member and also as a representative of Government of India to the delegation. This year also he was one of the advisers to the delegation and also appointed as substitute to Naval Tata in resolutions committee.
After independence of India, he became a Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly as a candidate of Indian National Congress, twice in 1948 and 1952, defeating strong opponents like, the Raja of Jharia (Raja Kali Prasad Singh) and the Raja of Ramgarh (Raja Bahadur Kamakhya Narain Singh) in respective years.
He was a champion of labour cause and in spite of himself being owner of coal mines, was so popular that he went on to become the President of Jharia Coalfields Mazdoor Sangh, i.e., Labour Union of Jharia Coalfiedls, a unit of Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh for the years 1955–56.
He was a good orator and was applauded by Dr. Rajendra Prasad for his exemplary and compassionate speech on bringing the Bihar Abolition of Zamindaris Act. He was closely associated with other prominent activists and politicians from Bihar like, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Jayaprakash Narayan, Sri Krishna Sinha, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Binodanand Jha, Krishna Ballabh Sahay.
He died suddenly due to heart attack at the age of 53 in the year 1958 in Bombay.
# Manas

Manas may refer to:

## Philosophy and mythology

* Manas, the Pali and Sanskrit term for "mind"; see
** Manas (early Buddhism)
** Manas-vijnana, one of the eight consciousnesses taught in Yogacara Buddhism
* Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of the Ramayana
* Epic of Manas, a Kyrgyz epic poem which, in one variant, has over 500,000 lines

## Toponymy

* Manas River (Drangme Chhu) in southern Bhutan and northeastern India
** Royal Manas National Park, a national park in Bhutan
** Manas National Park, a national park in the state of Assam, India
* Manas (urban-type settlement), an urban-type settlement in Karabudakhkentsky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation
* Manas, Drôme, a commune in Drôme département in France
* Manas-Bastanous, a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France
* Manas District, a district of Talas Province, Kyrgyzstan
** Manas International Airport, an international airport near Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan
*** Transit Center at Manas, a United States Air Force base at the airport above
* Manas District, Peru, in the Peruvian province of Cajatambo
* Manas or Manasi River, a river in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China
** Manas County, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China
** Manas Lake, a lake in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China
* Manasarovar (Lake Manas), a lake in Tibet

## Personal names
### Mañas (Spanish surname)

* Achero Mañas (born 1966), Spanish film director
* Fernando Llorente Mañas (born 1990), Spanish footballer
* José Ángel Mañas (born 1971), Spanish writer
* Pilar Mañas Brugat (born 1975), Spanish military officer

### Armenian surname

* Manas Family, an Ottoman-Armenian family
* Edgar Manas (1875–1964), Turkish-Armenian composer, conductor and musicologist

### Indian given name

* Manas Bhunia, Indian politician
* Manas Bihari Verma, Indian aeronautical scientist (1943–2021)
* Manas Shah, Indian actor
* Manas Kumar Mandal, is a scientist and psychologist of Delhi, India
* Manas Mukherjee, Bengali music director
* Manas Das, Indian footballer
* Manas Chaudhuri, Indian politician
* Manas Chakraborty, Musical artist
Manash Deka Indian Politician and Social Worker

## Other uses

* Manas (film), a 2024 film by Marianna Brennand
* 3349 Manas, a main-belt asteroid
* Manas University, Kyrgyzstan
* Manas International Public School, Jehanabad, Bihar, India
* Manas Air, a defunct airline in Kyrgyzstan
* MAN Türkiye A.Ş., stylized MANAŞ, MAN AG's truck and bus factory in Turkey
* MANAS Journal, a weekly philosophical journal published in 1948–1988
* Manas, a crablike Bionicle (Lego toy)
# 2013 Castelar rail accident

The 2013 Castelar rail disaster occurred on 13 June 2013 at about 07:30 local time (10:30 UTC), in the Castelar neighborhood of Morón Partido in Greater Buenos Aires area, about 30km (19 miles) west of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
A passenger train travelling in the morning rush hour hit a stationary train that was empty. At least 3 people were killed and another 315 were injured. This crash took place on the Sarmiento line between Once railway station and Moreno, the same line which was the scene of the 2012 Buenos Aires rail disaster.
Following official investigations which determined that the brakes were in working order and that the driver sped through three warning signals without attempting to apply them, the driver, Daniel López, was formally charged with negligent homicide on October 2.
# 1597 in France

Events from the year 1597 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Henry IV

## Events

* Siege of Amiens March 11 - The French city of Amiens falls to Spanish tropes in a surprise attack by a small force disguised as peasants.This event is in the context of the French Wars of Religion and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604).
* September 25 - The city of Amiens is liberated after a three months of siege by king Henry IV and his army.

## Births

* January 31 – John Francis Regis, French saint (d. 1640)
* February 24 – Vincent Voiture, French poet (d. 1648)
* May 31 – Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, French writer and essayist (d.1654)

### Date Unknown

* Charles Racquet, French organist and composer (d.1664)
* Jacques Linard, French painter (d.1645)
# Vancouver Skate Plaza

The Vancouver Skate Plaza is a skatepark in Vancouver, British Columbia. It is located under the Georgia Street and Dunsmuir viaducts at the corner of Union St. and Quebec St. It was designed and built in 2004, making it the first Street plaza skatepark.
The design mimics urban plazas popular in the downtown cores of many large cities, including handrails, ledges, and stairs. It is free to use and covers 26,000 square feet. Vancouver Skate Plaza was named as number 21 on a top-25 list of best skate parks in the world by Complex magazine in August 2013.
# Witham rail crash

Witham railway station was the scene of a serious accident on Friday, 1 September 1905.

## Derailment

All 14 coaches of the 09:27 London Liverpool Street-to-Cromer express derailed whilst travelling through the station at speed. Ten passengers and a luggage porter were killed when several of the carriages somersaulted on to the platforms causing considerable damage to the rolling stock and the station. Seventy-one passengers were seriously injured. This remains to this day the worst single loss of life in a railway accident in Essex.

## Enquiry

The subsequent enquiry found that the derailment occurred at a trailing crossover which was being worked on by three platelayers. The three maintained they had just been clearing and repacking the ballast which would not have impaired the stability of the track; and the only contributing cause was the high speed of the train.

## Witness

However six weeks later a further witness was found, a shunter who was waiting for the express to pass before reporting to the signal box, who stated he saw that 'a key was out of the rail' and saw the rail jump up as the locomotives passed the crossover and the leading coach plough into the ballast. When the enquiry was reopened the three platelayers stuck to their original story. But when the driver and fireman of the express were recalled they recounted that as their train approached Witham the three men were working furiously on the track ahead; so furiously that the driver feared they would not move out of the way in time; and that all three had their eyes riveted to a certain point of the track. The guard had also previously stated that his van seemed to have jolted and hit something hard as it had passed over the crossing and had then derailed.

## Final conclusions

The reconvened enquiry therefore found that the platelayers had rashly loosened the rail fastening and had been unable to make good their mistake in time.
# Eves

Eves is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Archie Eves (1876–1858), American football coach
* Ernie Eves (born 1946), Canadian politician
* Howard Eves (1911–2004), American mathematician
* Luke Eves (born 1989), English rugby union player
* Mel Eves (born 1956), English footballer
* Reginald Eves (1876–1941), British painter
* Steve Eves (21st century), American rocket scientist
# T. N. Seshagopalan

Madurai Thirumalai Nambi Seshagopalan (born, 5 September 1948) is a noted Carnatic singer, musician and composer. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 2006. As well as being a master of the veena and harmonium, he is an exponent of harikatha.

## Early life

Though T. N. Seshagopalan uses 'Madurai' in front of his name, he was actually born in Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, as the son of Thirumalai Nambi Iyengar and Thiruvenkatavalli Ammal. He first learnt under his mother, and later under tutelage of Ramanathapuram C. S. Sankarasivan. He holds a degree in science from Madras University and a degree in music from Madurai Kamaraj University where he later served as professor of music.

## Music career

He is proficient in rendering Harikatha and performs as per the guruparampara of Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar. Seshagopalan continues to increase his wide repertoire with compositions of his own. He is noted for his own elegant thillanas, bhajans, namavalis and abhangs. He is equally at home with North Indian ragas and has participated in several jugalbandhis. Noted singer Gayathri Girish is his disciple.

### Tours

In 1984 he was invited to sing at the Adelaide International Festival in Australia (and included performances Perth, Adelaide, Sydney and New Zealand). In 1987 he was India's cultural ambassador to Russia. He has performed in countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Bahrain and Sri Lanka and has visited and performed in the United States of America numerous times.

### Film

In 1983 he produced and played hero in a Tamil movie "Thodi Raagam". He also acted as Prashanth's father in Jambhavan (2006).

## Awards and titles

* Harikatha Chudamani awarded by the Krishna Gana Sabha in the presence of Sri Jayendra Saraswathi of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam Sep 2014
* Gayaka Sikhamani awarded by Chodiah Memorial Trust Mysore in January 2007
* Sangeetha Kalanidhi 2006 awarded by Madras Music Academy
* Padma Bhushan - 2004
* "SangeetaSaagara" by CMANA, NJ, USA 2007
* Sulakshana Gana Vichkshana - by H. H. Srimad Andavan Swamigal Srirangam - 1993
* Sangeetha Kalasikhamani, by The Indian Fine arts Society, Chennai - 2000
* Kumaragandharva Rashtriya Sanmaan - Kumaragandhrva Foundation Mumbai 2002
* Nadhabrahmam - Indian Fine Arts Texas USA - 2002
* Musician of the Year 1999-2000 by Sangeet Natak Akademi
* President Award 2000 - by Sangeet Natak Academy, Central Government
* Tiruppugazh Mani in 1964
* Gana Bhoopathi by the Tamil Sangam of Olavakod in 1967
* Sangeetha Kala Sagaram by Sri Jayendra Saraswathi of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam
* Kalaimamani by Tamil Nadu Government in 1984
* Isai Selvam by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Mr. Karunanidhi.
* Isai Kalai Vendan by Australian Foundation of Canberra - 1998
# Ajit Kumar Chakravarty

Ajit Kumar Chakravarty (29 August 1886- 19 December 1918) was a Bengali littérateur. He was an ardent admirer of Rabindranath Tagore and his literary works. He born at Mothbari in Faridpur, Bangladesh. By translating the literary works of Tagore he made him popular in Europe.

## Biography

Chakravarty was born on August 20, 1886, in Faridpur. He graduated from General Assembly's Institution. He started his career as a teacher at Santiniketan school after completing BA degree in 1903. During this time, he became very fascinated with Rabindra literature and Rabindranath Tagore. He got a scholarship for higher education in 1910 and went to England to study at Manchester College, Oxford. He had a keen perception of literature and was able to impart some of this interest into his students. Through his teaching, through music, literature and dramatics he was able to rouse the minds of children.
# Sizzlers massacre

The Sizzlers massacre took place in Sea Point, Cape Town on 20 January 2003. Nine people were murdered and one person was severely injured in a hate crime against the queer community.
The victims were shot and killed at a gay massage parlour named Sizzlers at 7 Graham Road. Adam Roy Woest and Trevor Basil Theys were convicted for the crime. Woest stated that the initial reason for targeting the massage parlour was to rob it and steal money that Woest and Theys believed was held onsite. Judge Nathan Erasmus described it as the "worst massacre that Cape Town and the country has ever seen."
Woest and Theys were both found guilty of 9 counts of murder and one count of attempted murder, and sentenced to life in prison.
# Anderson River (Indiana)

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
The Anderson River is a 50.4-mile-long (81.1 km) tributary of the Ohio River in southern Indiana in the United States. Via the Ohio, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.
The Anderson rises in western Crawford County in the Hoosier National Forest and flows generally southwardly through southeastern Dubois County and along the common boundary of Perry and Spencer counties, east of the town of Saint Meinrad. It joins the Ohio River just downstream of the town of Troy.
Near its mouth it collects the Middle Fork Anderson River, which flows for its entire length in Perry County.
# Not Like Us (disambiguation)

"Not Like Us" is a 2024 diss track by Kendrick Lamar.
Not Like Us may also refer to:
* "Not Like Us", a 2019 song by Brantley Gilbert from his album Fire & Brimstone
* Not Like Us, a 1995 comedy-horror film produced by Roger Corman from his Roger Corman Presents series
# Ronnie Lippett

Ronald Leon Lippett (born December 10, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for eight seasons with the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) from 1983 to 1991. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes and was selected by the Patriots in the eighth round of the 1983 NFL draft.

## Professional history

Ronnie was named the "AFC Defensive Player of the Week" as he intercepted Dan Marino twice in the Patriots 34–7 rout of the Miami Dolphins @ Sullivan Stadium on 10-05-86.
Ronnie blocked an extra point attempt by Pat Leahy in the Patriots 23–13 win over the New York Jets @ Sullivan Stadium on 9-18-83.
He recovered a fumble by Paul McDonald that helped set up the final TD in the Patriots 17–16 win over the Cleveland Browns on 10-07-84.
Ronnie returned a pass by Art Schlitcher 13 yards, with 36 seconds left, in the Patriots 16–10 win over the Colts @ Sullivan Stadium on 12-16-84.
He intercepted Joe Ferguson twice in the Patriots 38–10 rout of the Buffalo Bills @ Sullivan Stadium on 11-11-84. He intercepted Dan Marino twice in the Patriots 34–7 rout of Miami @ Sullivan on 10-05-86. He intercepted Dan Marino twice in their 27–24 loss to the Dolphins @ Foxboro Stadium on 09-09-90. Ronnie intercepted Jim Kelly and Frank Reich in the Patriots 23–3 rout of the Buffalo Bills @ Rich Stadium on 10-26-86.
Ronnie intercepted Marc Wilson twice in the Patriots 27–20 AFC Playoff Game victory over the Los Angeles Raiders @ the LA Coliseum on 01-05-86.
Ronnie was awarded the Patriots UNSUNG Hero Award after the 1987 season.
He recovered an onside kick by Dean Biasucci in the Patriots 16–14 win over the Colts on 09-16-90.
Ronnie started in 111 of his 122 regular season games for the New England Patriots and started in 4 Playoff Games.
Ronnie Lippett hated the Dolphins ever since an incident when he visited a Dolphins training as a university student. Of his 24 career interceptions, 7 of them were Dan Marino passes.

## Personal life

Ronnie attended Sebring High School in Sebring, FL. He currently lives in South Easton, Massachusetts.
# Nathan Clement

Nathan Clement (born 30 September 1994) is a Canadian para-cyclist and para-swimmer.

## Career

In September 2024, Clement represented Canada at the 2024 Summer Paralympics and won a silver medal in the road time trial T1–2 event. Weeks later, he competed at the 2024 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships and won gold medals in the time trial and road race T1 events.
# 2013 Cameron Highlands mud floods

The 2013 Cameron Highlands mud floods took place on 23 October 2013. Three people died while another was missing due to the mud flood in Bertam Valley, Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. Heavy rain had occurred continuously since 7:00pm the day before, creating a need to alleviate the water in the dam the morning of the flood. The water from in the dam was released three times starting with the first at midnight, then another at 1:00am, and finally again at 2:45am. The flash flood occurred at 1:00am as a result of the release of the water from the Sultan Abu Bakar dam in Ringlet that forced the Bertam River to suddenly rise and breach its banks. In the aftermath, around 10 kongsi houses that were on the banks of the river were destroyed, roughly 80 houses were damaged, some of which were 3km away, and 100 vehicles suffered damage.

## Causes of mud floods

The Cameron Highlands are susceptible to flash floods that carry silt because of the human involvement in the area. The deforestation of the area causes the water runoff and is one of the main reasons they have flash floods. One of the effects of the clearing of land for agriculture use is the heavy soil erosion that occurs in the Cameron Highlands. This is a contributing factor to the floods because as the people illegally clear the land, the runoff can carry more silt with it. This places large amounts of silt into the rivers making them shallower and easier to fill which causes floods. On top of this, the rivers are narrow due to the structures built on the banks and even illegal extensions into the river. Another issue contributing to the water runoff is the use of plastic roofing over plots of vegetation. These areas would normally offer some buffer to flooding by absorbing water. Instead, the plastic used by many people in the area speeds up the rainwater running off into the rivers which can lead to the floods.
# Lotta Svärd (poem)

"Lotta Svärd" – Swedish: svärd means a sword – is the fourth poem in the second part of Johan Ludvig Runeberg's epic poem The Tales of Ensign Stål from 1860.
The "Lotta Svärd" poem is about a woman who manned a field kitchen during the Finnish War. The name was later used for several Lotta movements (women's auxiliary movements) in the Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway).
"Lottas" refers to the volunteer women who participated in the national defense in a variety of roles.
# ARB Shimal

ARB Shimal (Azerbaijani: ARB Şimal; Azerbaijani pronunciation:; lit. 'ARB North') is an Azerbaijani privately owned regional terrestrial television channel owned by ARB Media Group, serving northern Azerbaijan. The channel commenced operations on 15 November 2007 as Regional Television or RTV, ARB Shimal is headquartered at M. F. Akhundov Street in the city of Khachmaz, along with its sister ARB Günəş.

## History

A competition was held in the year 2006 by the National Television and Radio Council in order to replace Khachmaz TV, which went off air on 25 May 2006. Two companies participated in the competition, which were RTV LLC and Umid-Z LLC. The former won the competition and was granted a six-year license to broadcast on 11 July. RTV began broadcasting on 15 November 2007 on UHF channel 46 in northern Azerbaijan with digital broadcasting equipment, being the first channel in Azerbaijan to do so. An internal PlayBox system has also been established there.
RTV was receivable in the entirety of Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region and the Khizi District. The channel's transmitters were located in Gilgilçay in the Siyazan District, which was said to give the best quality output to the audience. It is also the first television channel in Azerbaijan with a dubbing studio. RTV's news program, Xəbər vaxtı, was awarded the News Program of the Year at Media Key 2010. The channel began broadcasting live online through its website in 2011. In 2014, RTV was one of the six regional television stations in Azerbaijan that formed the Region TV network. The programming of RTV was distributed nationwide through Region TV.
In April 2015, RTV accused Dunya TV of Sumgait of thievery and plagiarism as the latter broadcast a distorted version of RTV's Unudulmayan İfalar. Later in October 2015, the channel participated in the Azerbaijan Family 2015 Film Festival held by the State Committee for Family, Women and Children Affairs with the video clip Rənglər, which won an award next month in the category "Best Social Video". Region TV adopted the ARB branding on 19 September 2016 as it was renamed as ARB Shimal.