OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp

Erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp presents with pustules, erosions, and crusts on the scalp of primarily older Caucasian females, and on biopsy, has a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with or without foreign body giant cells and pilosebaceous atrophy.$^{:650}$$^{:761}$
The exact cause of erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp is unknown. Risk factors include actinic damage, epidermal atrophy, topical drugs and agent, surgery, and infections. Trauma and tissue injury are other potential triggers.
A skin biopsy can be used to help rule out potential differential diagnoses but histopathology is unspecific.
Treatment includes topical corticosteroids and topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment.

## Signs and symptoms

Atrophic skin with a mixture of superficial erosions, crusts, and pustules is the characteristic clinical appearance of erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp. There might be a wide range in the quantity of pustules, and occasionally none at all. They frequently didn't get better over several months or even years as they grew. Secondly, cicatrical alopecia may occur. It hurts not to have the lesions. Having pruritus is rare. It's a progressive course. There are no unplanned remissions.

## Causes

It's unclear what causes erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp. It is believed that actinic damage and epidermal atrophy are risk factors. Many other factors, such as different topical drugs, infections, surgical operations, or topical agents, have been linked to the beginning of the illness; their direct role in the etiology is unknown.
Tissue injury and trauma are important erosive pustular dermatitis triggers. The following have been linked to erosive pustular dermatitis: preceding of herpes zoster, positioning of cochlear implants, iatrogenic injury from cryotherapy, topical chemotherapy, excisional surgery, imiquimod, grafting following nonmelanoma skin cancer surgery, topical methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy, and carbon dioxide laser therapy.

## Diagnosis

The histopathology is unspecific and does not provide much support for the diagnosis. To rule out some differential diagnoses, though, which would require a different course of treatment, a biopsy is crucial. Subcorneal pustules, epidermal hypertrophy, or atrophy and erosions are seen in the histopathology.

## Treatment

Although there isn't a recognized treatment guideline for erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp due to its rarity and unclear origin, topical treatments are typically the first line of treatment utilized. In order to limit permanent hair loss, therapy aims to reduce inflammation, cure erosions, and stop the progression of scarring alopecia. Treatment should begin as soon as feasible.
In the majority of documented cases, high-potency topical corticosteroids have been utilized with notable success and relative safety.
With comparable efficacy observed, topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment has emerged as a viable substitute for topical steroids.
# Edward Grainger Muir

Sir Edward Grainger Muir (18 February 1906 – 14 October 1973), was a British pathologist and colorectal surgeon. He was a recipient of the Broderip scholarship of the Middlesex Hospital and later held appointments at King's College Hospital, the Queen Victoria Hospital, and the King Edward VII's Hospital for Officers, where he was on the list of honorary medical staff. He was president of the Royal College of Surgeons, the Medical Society of London, the Harveian Society, and of the Proctological Section and Section of Surgery of the Royal Society of Medicine, London. Muir was appointed surgeon to the British Royal Household in 1954, and surgeon to the Queen in 1964. Shortly before his death he was made Serjeant Surgeon. He was knighted in 1970.
Muir–Torre syndrome, a rare hereditary, autosomal dominant cancer syndrome is named in part for Muir.
# Kiku Amino

Kiku Amino (網野 菊, Amino Kiku, January 16, 1900 - May 15, 1978) was a Japanese writer and translator of English and Russian literature. She was a recipient of the Women's Literature Prize, the Yomiuri Prize, and Japan Academy of the Arts prize.

## Biography

Amino was born in Azabu Mamiana-cho and raised in Akasaka, Tokyo, where her father was a well-to-do sadler. Her mother left when Amino was six, after which she had three stepmothers. She graduated from the Japan Women's University in 1920 with a degree in English, then worked as a part-time assistant editor at a magazine, and from 1921-1926 a substitute English teacher at the university. In 1921 she published a self-financed collection of stories entitled Aki (Autumn), and in 1923 met author Shiga Naoya whose disciple she became. She married in 1930, living in Hooten, Manchuria, from 1930–1938, but divorced in 1936. She did not publish while married, but made a comeback with a collection of short stories called Kisha no nakade (On the Train) in 1940.
She was a member of the Japan Art Academy and received the 1947 Women's Literature Prize for Kin no kan (A Golden Coffin), and the 1967 Yomiuri Prize and Japan Academy of the Arts prize for her short story Ichigo ichie (Once in a Lifetime). She is buried in Aoyama Reien, 2-32-2 Minami Aoyama, where Shiga Naoya is also buried.
# Ptilimnium nuttallii

Ptilimnium nuttallii, commonly called laceflower, is a species of plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to the south-central United States.
It annually produces white flowers in the spring.
# Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner

Sarder Patel Medical College is a government medical college located in Bikaner (Rajasthan), India. Established in 1959, it is one of six government-run medical colleges in the western state of Rajasthan, and the second to be established in the state. It is affiliated with RUHS and provides education leading to the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree (recognized by NMC) and MS/MD/DM degrees.

## History

The college was established in 1959 and was Rajasthan's second medical college. It was inaugurated by the former Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and approved by MCI.

## Academics

There are 250 seats approved by the Medical Council of India for MBBS degree. The MBBS degree takes four and a half years to complete, followed by a year of a Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship. Postgraduate studies are offered in various fields.

## Notable alumni

* Karan Singh Yadav, former member of the Lok Sabha
* Kirodi Lal Meena, Indian politician
* Tirath Das Dogra, Indian forensic pathologist and former director of AIIMS, New Delhi

## Overview

The college is fully funded by the government of Rajasthan. The college has 250 seats for MBBS and 63 for the post grad students. and 18 in diploma, two seats in DM cardiology and two seats in MCh Urology.
The following hospitals are attached to Sarder Patel Medical College:
* PBM Hospital
* G.G.J. TB Hospital
* Eye Department
* Pediatrics Department
* Haldiram Moolchand Govt. Center for Cardiovascular Research
* Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Institute and Research Centre
* Trauma Centre
* Geriatric Research Centre
* Diabetic Research Centre

## Accommodation

There are separate hostels for students, four for undergraduate boys, one for girls, one for interns and two for postgraduate students.
# Khawand Toghay

Khawand Toghay (14th-century), was a slave concubine and then wife of Al-Nasir Mohammad Ibn Qala'un (r. 1293-1341).
She was his slave before he freed her and married her. She was known for having a kind heart, and attending to all her slaves' needs after she was freed. She gave birth to Prince Anook.
She was noted as an influential woman in court decisions.
# King Electric

King Electric is an electro-pop duo from Austria, founded in 2005 by Peter Hartwig and Chris Isepp.

## Career

Hartwig and Isepp met while working in the Viennese music scene, Hartwig as a former member of The Basket Boys and BASK, and Isepp as an electro DJ/Producer and music magazine editor.
In mid-2000, after several studio sessions together, the pair founded the group Sultans of Swing. The first single, "Summerbreeze", was reviewed in the music press in the UK, Germany, and Japan, described by one reviewer as the "charming 1970s MFSB Phillysound". The single reached #1 in the Belgium Radio Charts and was followed by further releases on the band's own label, Top10 Records.
In 2009, they released "Da King", their first single under the name King Electric. A video clip for the track featuring two clowns was presented as part of the Diagonale Festival of Austrian Film in 2010.
By the end of 2012, the duo had released their debut album King Electric and two further singles: "Commit Yourself" and "Out of Reach". In December 2013, they released the first part of the album Remixes Remixology Vol. 1.
Isepp announced that the new King Electric album, Pluto, would be released in Spring 2021, as well as two singles: "Satellite of Hate", a Depeche Mode cover, and "Oh So Quiet", based on Greta Thunberg's address to the United Nations assembly.

## Discography
### Albums

* 2012: King Electric
* 2013: Remixology Vol 1
* 2021: Pluto

### Singles

* 2003: Summerbreeze (as Sultans of Swing)
* 2004: (Make) A Little Love (as Sultans of Swing)
* 2005: The Way You Feel Inside (as Sultans of Swing)
* 2009: Da King
* 2011: Commit Yourself
* 2012: Out Of Reach
* 2021: Satellite Of Hate
# Narushima Ryūhoku

Narushima Ryūhoku (成島柳北, 1837–1884) was a Japanese author and scholar born in Asakusa. His given name was Korehiro (惟弘). The Narushima family were okujusha (奥儒者), or Confucian tutors to the Tokugawa shōguns, who were also involved in editing the Tokugawa jikki (德川實紀) and other historical annals, including the Nochikagami (後鑑). Ryuhoku participated in these editing projects as a young man.

## From tutoring shōguns to satire

He served as tutor to the shoguns Tokugawa Iesada and Iemochi but was, according to some theories, dismissed because he wrote a poem critical of the fact that his recommendations had not been adopted. At that time he took up Western studies. During the Keiō period (1866–68) he served in the shogun's cavalry and also briefly as Minister of Foreign Affairs. After the Meiji Restoration, he took up a position with the Higashi Honganji Temple, which sponsored a tour for him and four other men to Europe and the United States in 1872–73.
Soon after his return to Japan, Ryuhoku became the editor of the Chōya Shinbun (朝野新聞), and also founded the literary journal Kagetsu shinshi (花月新誌). In 1876, he was imprisoned for four months when he ran afoul of the Meiji government's press laws. After his release, he published an essay entitled "Gokunaibanashi" (ごく内ばなし). He had a very critical attitude towards the great functionaries of Satsuma and Chōshū, who although vassals of the former shogunate, were then acting pretentiously in their new roles as leaders of the Meiji government. In protest, he declared that "I will become a useless person between natures," and started to write satire.
Ryuhoku's most famous work is Ryūkyō Shinshi (柳橋新誌), or "New Chronicles of Yanagibashi", the first volume of which he began writing in 1859, and the second volume of which he began writing in 1871. The work concerns the world of the pleasure quarters of Yanagibashi, humorously depicting cultural shifts from the Edo period to the Meiji period. Kōsei Nichijō (航西日乗), or "Diary of a Journey to the West", is the travelogue he wrote during his journey to Europe and the United States in 1872–73.
# Central District (Miandoab County)

The Central District of Miandoab County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان میاندوآب) is in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Miandoab.

## History

In 2020, Zarrineh Rud Rural District was separated from the district in the formation of Baktash District. In 2024, Marhemetabad Rural District was separated from the district in the formation of Gug Tappeh District, and Marhemetabad-e Jonubi Rural District was separated from the Central District in forming Lalaklu District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 197,791 in 49,046 households. The following census in 2011 counted 211,800 people in 59,967 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 225,345 inhabitants in 68,714 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Miandoab County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Marhemetabad RD | 11,746 | 10,327 | 10,072 |
| Marhemetabad-e Jonubi RD | 11,704 | 12,246 | 12,410 |
| Mokriyan-e Shomali RD | 14,952 | 15,044 | 15,081 |
| Zarrineh Rud RD | 15,077 | 17,689 | 17,756 |
| Zarrineh Rud-e Jonubi RD | 11,294 | 11,361 | 11,337 |
| Zarrineh Rud-e Shomali RD | 20,085 | 22,052 | 24,264 |
| Miandoab (city) | 112,933 | 123,081 | 134,425 |
| Total | 197,791 | 211,800 | 225,345 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Biomachining

Biomachining is the machining process of using lithotropic bacteria to remove material from metal parts, contrasted with chemical machining methods such as chemical milling and physical machining methods such as milling. Certain bacteria, such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, which are also used in the mineral refinement process of bioleaching, utilize the chemical energy from oxidation of iron or copper to fix carbon dioxide from the air. A metal object, when placed in a culture fluid containing these metal-metabolizing bacteria, will have material removed from its surface over time.
Biomachining is ideal for micromachining due to its very low material removal rate. In addition, biomachining is less likely to leave an undesirable surface finish; neither chemical nor physical energy is concentrated on the cutting area, so the possibility of a damaged or burned surface is slim.
This process has been successfully used to cut both pure iron and pure copper.

## Process

Biomachining is performed in a manner similar to chemical milling: the area to be cut is marked out as a negative image with an inert maskant, used to protect the areas that are not to be cut. The part is then dipped into a bath of culture fluid, which is kept at a precise temperature and stirred throughout the process. Laboratory experiments on the subject have determined that the depth of any cuts produced increases as the stirring rate increases; this depth is also affected by the temperature of the process.

## Sources

* Yoshiyuki, Uno; Toshiaki, Kaneeda; Yokomizo, Seiichi (15 December 1996). "Fundamental Study on Biomachining : Machining of Metals by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans". JSME International Journal. Ser. C, Dynamics, control, robotics, design and manufacturing. 39 (4). Retrieved 13 February 2013.
* This metalworking article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Matsutarō Kawaguchi

Matsutarō Kawaguchi (川口松太郎, Kawaguchi Matsutarō, 1 October 1899 – 9 June 1985) was a Japanese writer of short stories, novels, dramas and screenplays. He repeatedly collaborated on films of director Kenji Mizoguchi, and his books were adapted by directors such as Mikio Naruse and Kōzaburō Yoshimura.

## Biography

Kawaguchi was born in the Asakusa district of Tokyo. He worked in a variety of jobs and studied under Mantarō Kubota and Kaoru Osanai. In 1935, he received the first Naoki Prize for his short stories Tsuruhachi Tsurujirō and Fūryū fukagawa uta and the novella Meiji ichidai onna. The novel Aizen katsura, a melodramatic love story between a nurse and a doctor, was serialised between 1937 and 1938 and made into highly popular film starring Kinuyo Tanaka and Ken Uehara. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Kawaguchi became a member of the Pen butai ("Pen brigade"), a government-sponsored group of writers who had access to off-limits war areas and were in return expected to write favourably of Japan's war efforts in China. In 1940, Kawaguchi joined the theatre group Shinsei Shinpa, where he wrote plays and directed.
Starting in the 1930s, Kawaguchi adapted other writers' works for films of director Kenji Mizoguchi such as The Story of the Last Chrysanthemums (1939). Mizoguchi in return adapted works by Kawaguchi, such as Ayen kyo for The Straits of Love and Hate (1937). After the war, the two collaborated on the films Ugetsu (1953), The Crucified Lovers (1954) and Princess Yang Kwei Fei (1955), and Mizoguchi again adapted a story by Kawaguchi for his 1953 film A Geisha.
Kawaguchi was long associated with Daiei Film, where he served as managing director. In 1965, he became a member of the Japan Academy of the Arts. He received the Yoshikawa Eiji Prize for his novel Shigurejaya Oriku about the owner of a famous Tokyo teahouse. The book was eventually translated into English by Royall Tyler.
Kawaguchi was awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese government in 1973. His wife was actress Aiko Mimasu, and his son was actor Hiroshi Kawaguchi.

## Selected works
### Novels and short stories

* 1934: Tsuruhachi Tsurujirō
* 1935: Fūryū fukagawa uta
* 1935: Meiji ichidai onna
* 1937–38: Aizen katsura
* 1965: Nyonin musashi
* 1969: Mistress Oriku: Stories from a Tokyo Teahouse

### Screenplays

* 1939: The Story of the Last Chrysanthemums
* 1953: Ugetsu
* 1954: The Crucified Lovers
* 1955: Princess Yang Kwei Fei

### Adaptations of his work

* 1937: The Straits of Love and Hate
* 1938: Tsuruhachi and Tsurujiro
* 1938: Aizen katsura
* 1953: A Geisha
* 1957: Night Butterfly
* 1957: Kisses
# Yegor Borisov

Yegor Afanasyevich Borisov (Russian: Егор Афанасьевич Борисов; born 15 August 1954) is a Russian politician of Yakut ethnicity. Since May 2018, he has served as an advisor to the government of the Sakha Republic. Previously, he was the governor of the Sakha Republic from 2010 to 2018 and the prime minister of the republic from 2003 to 2010.

## Biography
### Early life

Borisov was born in Churapcha District, on 15 August 1954 to ethnic Yakut parents, to a family of eight children. His father, Afanasiy Borisov, worked as a poor farmer and mechanic, and struggled financially through Soviet times, while his mother, Praskovya Borisova, worked as a Nurse in Kindergarten school. When Borisov was 12, he said that his father took him hunting in the Taba area, located approximately in 20 kilometers to the west of Churapcha District. His father died of natural causes at the age of 41. From 1971, Borisov joined as a worker at Agricultural Equipment shop to help him survive financially. From early childhood, Borisov was attracted to engineering, and eventually studied engineering at university, graduating with a Bachelors in Mechanical Engineering in 1979. Upon graduation from university, Borisov became the head of the shop he worked in, and ended up joining the Communist Party, where he then became the Deputy Chief of Churapcha Regional Administration of Agriculture. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Borisov joined the politics of Yakutia.

### Political career

After the fall of the Soviet Union, Borisov, who had a background in the agricultural sector served as a corporate manager for agricultural concerns as well as a deputy minister and minister for agriculture in the region.
In August 2001, he was elected as a deputy to the regional assembly and became the first deputy prime minister for that body in 2002. In 2003, he became the prime minister of the republic.
In May 2010, Governor Vyacheslav Shtyrov stepped down to take a seat on the Federation Council and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev appointed Borisov as the acting governor. The republic’s assembly confirmed him in the post in June and he formally became the president of the republic.
In April 2014, President Vladimir Putin accepted Borisov’s request to step down from his post and agreed to end his mandate ahead of term. Putin simultaneously appointed Borisov to be Acting President until an elected president took office. He was previously Prime Minister of the Sakha Republic. Borisov stood as a candidate in the election winning with nearly 59% of the vote.
In May 2018, he resigned as President Of the Sakha Republic and assumed the role as an advisor to the government.

### Sanctions

He was sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.

## Personal life

Borisov is married to Praskovya Petrovna, and they have two daughters. Both of Borisov's daughters graduated from Yakutsk State University. One of his daughters is an economist and the other one is a psychologist. Borisov loves hunting and fishing, and martial arts. He also likes reading historical literature and is a fan of the music of the Sakha Republic.
# Gianmarco

Gianmarco is an Italian masculine given name. Its English equivalent is "John Mark" and it is short for "Giovanni Marco".
Notable people with the name include:
* Gianmarco Bellini (born 1958), Italian Air Force officer
* Gianmarco Cavagnino (born 1964), Italian architect
* Gianmarco Ottaviano (born 1967), Italian economist
* Gian Marco Zignago (born 1970), Peruvian musician
* Gianmarco Pozzecco (born 1972), Italian basketball player
* Gianmarco Soresi (born 1988), American comedian
* Gianmarco Zigoni (born 1991), Italian footballer
* Gianmarco Piccioni (born 1991), Italian footballer
* Gianmarco Tamberi (born 1992), Italian high jumper
* Gianmarco Donaggio (born 1991), Italian experimental film director and cinematographer
* Gianmarco Ercoli (born 1995), Italian professional racing driver
* Gianmarco Cangiano (born 2001), Italian footballer
# Lennox Grafton

Lennox Grafton (3 December 1919 – 24 March 2017) was a Canadian architect and one of the first women to be trained as architects in Canada. She completed her undergraduate education in University of Alberta between 1938 and1941 and graduated from the architectural program in University of Toronto in 1950. Grafton's early works during the same decade focused on schools, churches, and commercial building. These works were complete while she worked in several of Toronto architectural firms. In 1960, she started her own architectural practice in Arnprior, Ontario. Work in the office included McNab Township offices, church hall, school in March Township and residential work. She closed the office in 1963 due to the lack of available funding to scale the business to acquire larger projects, and started teaching secondary school home economics.
Grafton joined Public Works Canada in 1967 and in the following decade was responsible for designing residential schools for the Canadian government most notably for Attawapiskat and Kashechewan in Northern Ontario. As a design and project architect, her work can be found in many communities throughout Ontario. Grafton indicated that the work with the government was "particularly interesting and demanding, and it required a lot of flexibility, energy and imagination". She was pivotal in the overall design the Attawapiskat school and overcoming the technical challenges of constructing the building posed by the location's soil structure, weather and temperature.

## Activism

During the 1980s and 1990s, Grafton actively participated in "For the Record", a project organized by the Ontario Women Graduates and funded by the Ontario Heritage Foundation, which sought to document women architects graduating from the University of Toronto architectural program between the 1920s and 1960s. She was on the editorial board of For Record from 1990 – 2006.