OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Green pigeon

Treron is a genus of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae. Its members are commonly called green pigeons, remarkable for their green plumage that lead to their common name, which comes from a carotenoid pigment found in their diets. The genus is distributed across Asia and Africa, and contains 30 species. Members of this genus can be further grouped into species with long tails, medium-length tails, and wedge-shaped tails. Most species of green pigeon display sexual dimorphism, where males and females can be readily distinguished by differences in their plumage. Green pigeons eat various fruits, nuts, and/or seeds. They dwell in trees and occupy a variety of wooded habitats.

## Taxonomy

The genus Treron was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot with the thick-billed green pigeon (Treron curvirostra) as the type species. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek trērōn meaning "pigeon" or "dove".
The genus contains 30 species:
* Cinnamon-headed green pigeon (Treron fulvicollis)
* Little green pigeon (Treron olax)
* Pink-necked green pigeon (Treron vernans)
* Orange-breasted green pigeon (Treron bicinctus)
* Pompadour green pigeon complex:
** Sri Lanka green pigeon (Treron pompadora)
** Grey-fronted green pigeon (Treron affinis)
** Ashy-headed green pigeon (Treron phayrei)
** Andaman green pigeon (Treron chloropterus)
** Philippine green pigeon (Treron axillaris)
** Buru green pigeon (Treron aromaticus)
* Thick-billed green pigeon (Treron curvirostra)
* Grey-cheeked green pigeon (Treron griseicauda)
* Sumba green pigeon (Treron teysmannii)
* Flores green pigeon (Treron floris)
* Timor green pigeon (Treron psittaceus)
* Large green pigeon (Treron capellei)
* Yellow-footed green pigeon (Treron phoenicopterus)
* Bruce's green pigeon (Treron waalia)
* Madagascar green pigeon (Treron australis)
* Comoros green pigeon (Treron griveaudi)
* African green pigeon (Treron calvus)
* Pemba green pigeon (Treron pembaensis)
* São Tomé green pigeon (Treron sanctithomae)
* Pin-tailed green pigeon (Treron apicauda)
* Sumatran green pigeon (Treron oxyurus)
* Yellow-vented green pigeon (Treron seimundi)
* Wedge-tailed green pigeon (Treron sphenurus)
* White-bellied green pigeon (Treron sieboldii)
* Ryukyu green pigeon (Treron permagnus)
* Taiwan green pigeon (Treron formosae)
# The Dyer's Hand

The Dyer's Hand and Other Essays is a collection of essays and lectures by W. H. Auden, published in 1962 in the US by Random House and in the UK the following year by Faber & Faber.
The book contains a selection of essays, reviews, and collections of aphorisms and notes written by Auden from the early 1950s to 1962. Many items were not previously published, but others appear in revised forms. Many of the essays are revised versions of Auden's lectures as Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford from 1956 to 1961, including his inaugural lecture, "Making, Knowing and Judging".
The book is dedicated to Auden's tutor at Oxford, Nevill Coghill.

## Contents

1. Prologue
* "Reading"
* "Writing"
2. The Dyer's Hand
* "Making, Knowing and Judging"
* "The Virgin and the Dynamo"
* "The Poet and the City"
3. The Well of Narcissus
* "Hic et Ille"
* "Balaam and His Ass"
* "The Guilty Vicarage"
* "The I Without a Self"
4. The Shakespearian City
* "The Globe"
* "The Prince's Dog"
* "Interlude: The Wish Game"
* "Brothers & Others"
* "Interlude: West's Disease"
* "The Joker in the Pack"
* "Postscript: Infernal Science"
5. Two Bestiaries
* "D. H. Lawrence"
* "Marianne Moore"
6. Americana
* "The American Scene"
* "Postcript: Rome v. Monticello"
* "Red Ribbon on a White Horse"
* "Postscript: The Almighty Dollar"
* "Robert Frost"
* "American Poetry"
# Victor Friedman

Victor A. Friedman (born October 18, 1949) is an American linguist and Slavist. He is the Andrew W. Mellon Distinguished Service Professor in Humanities at the University of Chicago. He holds an appointment in the Department of Linguistics and an associate appointment in the Department of Anthropology. He has published numerous articles in English, Macedonian, and Albanian.

## Career

Friedman was born in Chicago into a family of descendants of Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire and Romania. He received his B.A. in Russian language and literature at Reed College in 1970. Friedman's PhD was in Slavic languages and literatures and in general linguistics at the University of Chicago in 1975. His dissertation, The Grammatical Categories of the Macedonian Indicative, was the first publication about modern Macedonian in the U.S. and won the Mark Perry Galler Prize for best dissertation in the Humanities Division at Chicago.
From 1975 until 1993, Friedman taught at the University of North Carolina, where he served as department chairman. In 1993, he was appointed to a professorship at the University of Chicago. He has held visiting positions at Cornell University, the University of Skopje, the Central European University in Budapest, Kyoto University, the University of Helsinki, the University of Pristina, the National University of Malaysia and La Trobe University. His expertise extends over all languages of the Balkans and the Caucasus, including Albanian, Aromanian, Azeri, Bosnian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Georgian, Greek, Judezmo, Lak, Macedonian, Romanian, Romani, Russian, Serbian, Tadjik, and Turkish. His research has been multidisciplinary and has involved extensive fieldwork in the Balkans.
In 1994 he served as a senior policy and political analyst to the United Nations regarding policy in the former Yugoslavia, and since then he has been involved in other consultative roles in the region.

## Awards and honors

* "1300 Years of Bulgaria" jubilee medal (1982)
* University of Skopje Gold Plaque (1981, 2003, 2007)
* Member of the Macedonian Academy of Arts and Sciences (1994)
* Member of Matica Srpska (1995)
* Member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences of Kosovo (2004)
* Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Albania (2006)
* Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Skopje (2007)
* John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship (2008–09)
* Annual Award for Outstanding Contributions to Scholarship, American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (2009)
* World Prize of Humanism (2013)
* Annual Award for Distinguished Contributions to Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies Award, Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (2014)

## Selected publications

* Macedonian (2002)
* Turkish in Macedonia and Beyond: Studies in Contact, Typology, and Other Phenomena in the Balkans and the Caucasus (2003)
* Studies on Albanian and Other Balkan Languages (2004)
* Očerki laksogo jazyka (2011)
* Makedonistički studii 1 (2011)
* Makedonistički studii 2 (2015)
* The Balkan Languages (with Brian Joseph, 2025)
# Omar El Kurdi

Omar Ziad El Kurdi (Arabic: عُمَر زِيَاد الْكُرْدِيّ; born 19 October 1992) is a Lebanese footballer who plays as a winger or full-back.

## Club career

Coming through the youth system, El Kurdi began his senior career at Lebanese Premier League club Safa, playing 110 league games and scoring nine goals. He helped his side win two league titles, one FA Cup, one Elite Cup, and one Super Cup.
On 16 July 2020, El Kurdi joined Nejmeh for a fee of around £L175 million. He initially retired on 26 August 2021, aged 28, but returned to Nejmeh's squad the following month. In August 2022, El Kurdi joined Sagesse on a free transfer.

## Style of play

El Kurdi mainly plays as a winger, but can also play as a full-back or midfielder.

## Honours

Safa
* Lebanese Premier League: 2012–13, 2015–16
* Lebanese FA Cup: 2012–13
* Lebanese Elite Cup: 2012
* Lebanese Super Cup: 2013
Nejmeh
* Lebanese FA Cup: 2021–22; runner-up: 2020–21
* Lebanese Elite Cup: 2021
* Lebanese Super Cup runner-up: 2021
# Nasir Bholu

Nasir Bholu (born 1960) is a retired Pakistani professional wrestler and the last surviving member of the "Bholu Brothers" wrestling team. He belongs to the Gama wrestling family. Nasir Bholu was a wrestler during the 1980s. He debuted in wrestling by defeating Yasir Ali of U.A.E. in November 1979. His complete professional record in not available yet, but he mostly wrestled in Pakistan and the Middle East during his short career as a wrestler. In 1982, he won the Asian championship by beating David Stalford in Bangladesh.
Due to his wrestling abilities, Antonio Inoki offered to train him in Japan but this idea was opposed by his elders and hence rejected. In 1990, Nasir completely left professional wrestling, bringing an end to the era of Bholu brothers. Nasir Bholu currently resides in Lahore. He is not directly involved in wrestling, but runs gyms and does business with China.
In 1981, Goga Pehlwan was accidentally killed by Nasir Bholu's flying drop kick during a friendly fight.
In 1991, Nasir Bholu did his sole acting role in the Punjabi movie Chitan.
# A. convexiusculus

A. convexiusculus may refer to:
* Abacetus convexiusculus, a ground beetle
* Amara convexiusculus, a synonym of Amara convexiuscula, a ground beetle native to Europe and Asia
# A. cordatus

A. cordatus may refer to:
* Abacetus cordatus, a ground beetle
* Abatus cordatus, a sea urchin
# Alla Bayanova

Alla Nikolayevna Bayanova (Russian: Алла Николаевна Баянова; 18 May 1914 – 30 August 2011) was a Russian Romance singer sometimes compared with Édith Piaf for her simple yet dramatic style of performance.
Bayanova was born in Kishinev in the family of an opera singer, who moved to Paris in 1918 after Bessarabia decided to unite with Romania. She debuted on the stage as an assistant to her father in 1923, aged nine. By 1927, she was already performing solo. A major step forward in her career was when she assisted Alexander Vertinsky in his famous show at the Hermitage Restaurant, Montmartre. Two years later, her family moved to Belgrade, while Bayanova went on touring Germany, Greece, Palestine, and Egypt.
In 1931, she got acquainted with Pyotr Leshchenko, a foremost Russian singer of the time, who helped her to join the Pavilion Russe in Bucharest. She married a local aristocrat, George Ypsilanti, and made several recordings of tangos (e.g., Columbia, His Master's Voice). After her divorce from Ypsilanti, she signed a contract with the Polish recording company "Syrena-Electro".
In March 1941, Bayanova was arrested by the Romanian authorities and interned into a concentration camp for having performed in the Russian language. Although released in May 1942, she was kept under surveillance until the end of World War II. In the 1960s and 1970s, while still living in Romania, she issued eight LPs. Nicolae Ceaușescu's government, however, pressed her into migrating to the USSR in 1988. Thereupon she settled in Moscow, making occasional appearances on the Russian television. Bayanova was named People's Artist of Russian Federation and celebrated the 80th anniversary of her stage career in 2003. In 2004, she sang in a concert to celebrate her 90th birthday. Her last work was in collaboration with Marc Almond on his 2003 album Heart on Snow. In 2003 Bayanova received a star on the Star Square in Moscow.
She died on 30 August 2011, aged 97, of cancer. Upon learning of her death, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev stated: “Her life was dedicated to the high purpose of bringing people joy through interaction with true art. Ms Bayanova had a rare, beautiful voice, and her mastery and heartfelt performances of Russian songs gained her recognition around the world.”
# San Giovanni Leonardi

San Giovanni Leonardi is a 20th-century parochial church and titular church in eastern Rome, dedicated to Saint John Leonardi.

## History

The church was built in 1956 to a design by Tullio Rossi. It was visited in 1970 by Pope Paul VI and in 1992 by Pope John Paul II.
The church is in the care of the Clerics Regular of the Mother of God and is named for their founder, Saint John (Giovanni) Leonardi (1541–1609).
On 7 June 1989 it was the site of the funeral of Antonio De Falchi, a 19-year-old AS Roma fan murdered by hooligans following AC Milan; over 10,000 Roma fans attended inside and outside the church.
San Giovanni Leonardi was not inaugurated as a parish church until 1991.
On 7 December 2024, Pope Francis made it a titular church to be held by a cardinal-priest.

### Cardinal-protectors

* Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi (2024 – present)
# Hindsiclava alesidota

Hindsiclava alesidota, common name the lean turris, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 20 mm and 53 mm.
(Original description) The large, slender shell is ashy brown or light brown, pointed, and rudely sculptured. It contains 10 whorls, with a protoconch of about two whorls, round, small, glassy, smooth, and inflated. The fasciole is slightly concave, nearly smooth, very steep, separated from the suture by a smoothish space, and marginated by a slightly raised thread. The suture is appressed. The spiral sculpture consists of numerous subequal little elevated revolving threads with wider interspaces. They are strongest on the summit of the riblets and faint in the interspaces. There are about five in front of the fasciole and between it and the next suture. They are fainter on the siphonal canal. The transverse sculpture consists of numerous (on the penultimate whorl 28) narrow, little elevated, slightly oblique riblets, beginning and strongest at the fasciole, and passing over the whorl to fade away on the base. The thin margin of the suture is sometimes undulated by passing over them. The aperture is narrow and long. The notch is rounded and not deep. The outer lip is simple, thin, arched forward, and not constricted for the siphonal canal. The inner lip is simple and shows a slight callus, thicker at the posterior angle opposite the notch. The columella is straight, attenuated, and somewhat twisted in front. The siphonal canal is wide and slightly recurved.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs between North Carolina and Texas, USA; and off Barbados and French Guiana.
# Crassispira pluto

Crassispira pluto is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 14 mm and 20 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Sea of Cortez, Western Mexico down to Panama.
# Kavyamata

Kavyamata (Sanskrit: काव्यमाता, romanized: Kāvyamātā) is a consort of the rishi Bhrigu In Hinduism. She is the mother of Shukra, the god of the planet Venus and the preceptor of the asuras. She was beheaded by the preserver deity, Vishnu, for protecting the asuras.

## Legend

The goddess-centric Devi Bhagavata Purana discusses the legend of this character. Once, the asuras fought a war against the devas and were severely beaten. The asuras rushed to the hermitage of Shukra, while being chased by Vishnu and the devas. None of the men were present at the hermitage when asuras arrived; Shukra and his father were at work. Kavyamata sent all the devas into a state of deep sleep. By her meditative power, Kavyamata petrified Indra, the king of the devas, paralysing him. Vishnu summoned his discus – the Sudarshana Chakra, which sliced off Kavyamata's head. Shukra's father, the great sage Bhrigu, was angered when he returned to his hermitage and cursed Vishnu for his sin of woman-slaughter, causing him to have several births on Earth and endure the agony of birth and death repeatedly to suffer for this act. Bhrigu resurrected Kavyamata by sprinkling holy water from his kamandalu (water pot) and she awoke as if from a deep sleep.

## Woman-slaughter

Although woman-slaughter is considered adharma in Hinduism, in the great epic Ramayana, the god Rama – an avatar of Vishnu – is convinced by his guru Vishvamitra to kill the yakshini Tataka, as it was according to dharma. To convince his pupil, the sage narrates the story of Kavyamata, who was plotting to "appropriate herself to the dominions of Indra" and was killed by Vishnu, implying that treacherous and wicked persons could be punished as per the dharma of the king, regardless of gender.
# Kurt Eberhard

Kurt Eberhard (12 September 1874 – 8 September 1947) was a German Nazi officer. He rose to the rank of Brigadeführer of the SS and in the German army. During World War II, Eberhard was given the command over the occupied city of Kyiv in Ukraine. He was involved in planning and supervising the Babi Yar massacres during which over 33,771 people were murdered.
Eberhard was captured by U.S. authorities in November 1945, and detained in Stuttgart. He killed himself in custody on 8 September 1947.
# Nuclear option (disambiguation)

The nuclear option is a political tactic used in the United States Senate.
Nuclear option may also refer to:
* Nuclear warfare
* Nuclear weapon
** Strategic nuclear weapon
** Tactical nuclear weapon
* A hyperbole by analogy to nuclear weapons, referring to the most extreme amongst a range of options
* Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union, a political tactic, is sometimes called the nuclear option
# Spyborgs

Spyborgs is a beat 'em up video game for the Wii developed by American studio Bionic Games and published by Capcom. It was released in September 2009.

## Gameplay

Spyborgs sees players controlling a member of a team of cyborg secret agents, each with their own unique abilities, through several levels populated by enemies. The game is designed to be played cooperatively with two players, though the AI will take control of the other character in single player games. Players can also gain experience points to upgrade their character's abilities.
For each level, players can choose two out of the three Spyborgs, which include:
* Clandestine, a quick and nimble female ninja.
* Bouncer, a lumbering but powerful robot.
* Stinger, a soldier with a cybernetic gun arm.
Played using the Wii Remote, motion controls initiate special attacks while the two characters can team up their attacks for additional damage. Alternatively, players can also choose to play with the buttons on the Wii Remote instead.

## Development

Initially announced in June 2008 at Capcom's Captivate event, Spyborgs underwent a major redesign after a lukewarm reception from the gaming press. Changes include a shift from bright cartoony graphics reminiscent of Saturday morning cartoon shows, to a grittier and more realistic visual look, as well as the removal of minigames which served as parodies of children's toy commercials. The current game also shifted focus from an action-oriented game with superpower-based puzzle elements to a brawler.
The game was developed in an internal engine designed by Bionic Games, not MT Framework.
Bionic Games shut down after Spyborgs was released, making it their only title.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score |
| Metacritic | 66/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| 1Up.com | B− |
| Eurogamer | 5/10 |
| GamePro | |
| GameSpot | 6/10 |
| GameTrailers | 5.5/10 |
| GameZone | 6/10 |
| IGN | 7.5/10 |
| Nintendo Power | 7.5/10 |
| Official Nintendo Magazine | 80% |
| VideoGamer.com | 6/10 |
| 411Mania | 7.5/10 |
| Teletext GameCentral | 5/10 |
Spyborgs received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. IGN praised the game for its high quality graphics and large amount of polish. Despite this, IGN criticised the title for its punishing difficulty and lack of innovation. Eurogamer criticised the game for being generic.
# Garoth Assembly constituency

Garoth is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.
It is part of Mandsaur District. As of 2018, it is represented by Chandar Singh Sisodiya of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party |
| 2003 | Rajesh Yadav | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2008 | Subhash Kumar Sojatia | Indian National Congress |
| 2013 | Rajesh Yadav | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | Devilal Dhakad | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Chandar Singh Sisodiya | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2018

2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Garoth :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | BJP | Devilal Dhakad | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | |
| | BJP gain from | BJP gain from | Swing |
# Ole Peter Kolby

Ole Peter Kolby (born 24 October 1939) is a Norwegian diplomat.
He was born in Oslo and is a cand.jur. by education. He started working for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1966. He served as deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1992, then the Norwegian ambassador to Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in Vienna from 1992 to 1998 and to the United Nations in New York City from 1998 to 2003. He rounded off his career as ambassador to Denmark from 2004 to 2007.
# Polish-Russian Peace Treaty (1686)

The Polish-Russian Peace Treaty of 1686, officially known as Treaty of Perpetual Peace Russian: Вечный мир, Lithuanian: Amžinoji taika, Polish: Pokój wieczysty but also known in Polish tradition Grzymułtowski Peace, Polish: Pokój Grzymułtowskiego) was concluded between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to finally end the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667). It was signed in Moscow on 6 May 1686 by Polish–Lithuanian envoys Krzysztof Grzymułtowski, Voivode of Poznań and Marcjan Ogiński, Chancellor of Lithuania, as well as the Russian knyaz Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn. These parties were incited to cooperate after a major geopolitical intervention in Ukraine on the part of the Ottoman Empire.
The treaty confirmed the earlier Truce of Andrusovo of 1667. It consisted of a preamble and 33 articles. The treaty secured Russia's possession of Left-bank Ukraine plus the right-bank city of Kiev. 146,000 rubles were to be paid to Poland as compensation for the loss of the Left Bank. The region of Zaporizhian Sich, Siverian lands, cities of Chernihiv, Starodub, Smolensk and its outskirts were also ceded to Russia, while Poland retained Right-bank Ukraine. Both parties agreed not to sign a separate treaty with the Ottoman Empire. By signing this treaty, Russia became a member of the anti-Turkish coalition, which comprised Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Holy Roman Empire and Venice. Russia pledged to organize a military campaign against the Crimean Khanate, which led to the Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700).
The treaty was a major success for Russian diplomacy. Strongly opposed in Poland-Lithuania, it was not ratified by the Sejm (parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) until 1710. The legal legitimacy of its ratification has been disputed. According to Jacek Staszewski, the treaty was not confirmed by a resolution of the Sejm until the Convocation Sejm (1764).
The borders between Russia and the Commonwealth established by the treaty remained in effect until the First Partition of Poland in 1772.
* Polish-Lithuanian territorial losses 1657-1686 marked in orange.
* Truce of Andrusovo 1667: Russian gains in dark green
* The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after the 1686 treaty