# Women's rugby league in Australia

Women's rugby league is a popular women's sport in Australia. The sport has a high level of participation in the country both recreational and professional. Australian Rugby League Commission (ARLC) is the national governing body of the sport in Australia, organising the Australian Women's Rugby League, the Australian women's national team, and the nine state governing bodies of the game, among other duties. Women's participation of modern rugby league has been recorded since the early 1920s. It has since become one of Australia's most popular women's team sports.

## History
### 1920s

The first Women's Rugby League match in Australia was played in Sydney, on Saturday, 17 September 1921. Players, who had been training in the preceding months, had been divided into two teams, named Metropolitan (who played in blue jerseys) and Sydney (who played in maroon jerseys). Metropolitan won the match 21–11. The crowd of 34,000 was the largest ever for women's sport in Australia for many years. A second 'return' match was played the following Saturday, 24 September 1921. Three matches were held in 1922 in April, August and October. The organisation was disbanded prior to the 1923 season.
| Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 | Venue | References |
| 17 Sep 1921 | Metropolitan | 21 — 11 | Sydney | Agricultural Ground | Sun DT |
| 24 Sep 1921 | Metropolitan | 3 — 9 | Sydney | Agricultural Ground | Sun |
| 17 Apr 1922 | Metropolitan | 10 — 25 | Sydney | National Park, Newcastle | NS |
| 7 Aug 1922 | Metropolitan | 13 — 0 | Sydney | Newcastle Sports Ground | NMH |
| 2 Oct 1922 | Metropolitan | 11 — 11 | Sydney | Sydney Sports Ground | DT Sun |

### 1970s

In the mid-1970s Women's Rugby League teams were organised in Perth, including South Perth and Cottesloe.
In 1976, a Women's Rugby League team from Manurewa in Auckland, New Zealand toured Australia. The Manurewa club had earlier received junior boys teams from Goulburn and Lalor Park, Sydney and these two clubs offered to host a visit from Manurewa's ladies team. A women's team was formed in Goulburn to play against the tourists. They played two matches, one in Goulburn and another at Endeavour Field in Cronulla. The Lalor Park team had played and won four local matches prior to their match against Manurewa.

### 1990s

In the early part of the 1990s Women's Rugby League competitions were run in Sydney, the Illawarra and the Australian Capital Territory. Some of the clubs from those regions participated in an annual knock-out competition. The East Canberra club won this knock-out tournament in three consecutive years: 1991, 1992 and 1993. Other participating clubs included the Albion Park Outlaws, Calwell Colts, North Sydney, Northern Districts Illawarra, Warilla Warriors, Woden Valley and the Wollongong Wildcats. In the final of the 1994 tournament, Picton defected Bulli.
Competition rules for the 1995 Sydney Women's Rugby League season had modifications to team size. On-field teams were between seven (minimum) and ten (maximum) players, with the number for a match being determined by the availability of players on the day. Including players starting on the bench, teams were limited to fourteen players. The number of interchanges been on-field and bench was unlimited. Scrums were three players per team in a front row formation. Game time was two thirty minute halves.
In 1995, Australia hosted a tour by the New Zealand national team. This was the inaugural series of Test Matches for both countries in Women's Rugby League. Tour matches were played in Sydney, Canberra and Brisbane.
In 1996, Australia hosted a seven match, three Test tour by the Great Britain women's national rugby league team. Australia claimed their inaugural international win in the First Test in Canberra. Great Britain, however, won the Second Test in Brisbane and the Third Test at Redfern Oval in Sydney to claim a series victory.
The Australian national team toured New Zealand in 1997 (both matches lost) and Fiji in 1998 (both matches won). Hosting duties for a Test Match series in 1999 were shared with New Zealand with games played at Leichhardt Oval and Penrith Stadium in Sydney and the third and final match played in Auckland. Australia beat New Zealand for the first time in the Second Test at Penrith, but the Kiwi Ferns won the series, 2–1.
The women's game in Queensland expanded from Brisbane and Ipswich in 1998 when a competition commenced in Mackay. Souths beat the previously undefeated Norths in the Grand Final.
During the later years of the 1990s National Championships were conducted with representative, rather than club, teams participating. In 1997, Illawarra beat Brisbane in the final. The 1998 tournament was held at Pizzey Park, Burleigh Heads and included teams from Sydney, Canberra, Illawarra, Brisbane, Ipswich and for the first time Western Australia. The 1999 tournament was reconfigured to have four state/territory teams. New South Wales beat Queensland in the final, ahead of Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.
The year 1999 saw the introduction of an interstate series between Queensland and New South Wales. The teams play for the Nellie Doherty Cup. Although this ongoing series was occasionally referred to in the media as the Women's State of Origin the respective teams were selected on a residential basis until 2017. Queensland won this augural match, 16–14.

### 2000s

Australia participated in the inaugural Women's Rugby League World Cup in November 2000, playing two matches each against Great Britain & Ireland and New Zealand. The Australian squad comprised players from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia.
National Championships were held at Belmont, Western Australia in 2000, Rooty Hill, New South Wales in 2001, Ipswich, Queensland in 2002, West Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory in 2003, Runaway Bay, Queensland in 2005, and Queanbeyan, New South Wales in 2006. Queensland won the tournament in 2000 and 2001. In 2003, Queensland Whites defeated Queensland Maroons in the final, ahead of ACT and NSW teams. The tournament was not held in 2004. In 2005, South East Queensland beat a Queensland Barbarians team in the final, ahead of NSW City and NSW Country teams. in 2006, Brisbane beat Sydney Metro in the final, ahead of NSW Country Monaro and NSW Country Southern Division teams.
The 2008 Women's Rugby League World Cup was the first held in Australia from 26 October, culminating in the final between Australian Jillaroos and the Kiwi Ferns on 22 November. It was held at Stockland Park alongside the Police World Cup. Eight teams took part including defending champions New Zealand.

### 2010s

The 2011 All Stars match included the first Women's All Stars exhibition match which was won by the NRL Women's All Stars 22–6.
In 2016 the first local derby by NRL clubs was played Cronulla Sharks and St. George Illawarra Dragons had a Women's rugby league nines match at Southern Cross Group Stadium which aired on Fox Sports it was a curtain-raiser for the main game Sharks won 16–12.
The New South Wales Rugby League announced the creation of a nine-a-side under-18s women's league for 2017 Named the Tarsha Gale Nines after the former Australian Jillaroos and NSW captain of the 1990s.
For the first time in the sport's history the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup was held concurrently with the men's tournament.
On 14 May 2017 the first Women's City vs Country Origin game was played.

## National Championships

The Women's Rugby League Australian National Championships have continually evolved since their establishment in the early 1990s. The tournament was initially for club sides, with the ability of the players to self-fund their travel to the tournament being a factor in the number of teams participating. 1994 saw a change to regional representative teams. In 2018 and 2019 the tournament featured the best Australian-based players in the women's game. With the advent and success of the NRL Women's Premiership NRLW, the tournament was revised to have a development focus on emerging talent.
| Year | Winner | Score | Runner Up | Date of Final | Host Location | Other Competing Teams | Ref |
| 1991 | East Canberra | | | | | | |
| 1992 | East Canberra | 18 – 6 | North Sydney | 11 Oct 1992 | Rugby League Park | Albion Park Outlaws, Wollongong Wildcats, Warilla Warriors, Woden Valley and Calwell Colts | |
| 1993 | East Canberra | 24 – 0 | Northern Districts Illawarra | 25 Jul 1993 | O'Connor Oval | | |
| 1994 | Picton | 32 – 0 | Bulli Eagles | 12 Jun 1994 | Kippax Oval, Canberra | | |
| 1995 | Illawarra | 26 – 0 | Canberra | 11 Jun 1995 | | Hunter, Riverina, Sydney | |
| 1996 | Sydney | | | | | | |
| 1997 | Illawarra | 12 – 10 | Brisbane | | | | CM |
| 1998 | Brisbane | | Sydney | 6 Jun 1998 | Pizzey Park, Burleigh Heads | Sydney, Canberra, Illawarra, Brisbane, Ipswich, Western Australia (debut) | |
| 1999 | NSW | 12 – 8 | Queensland | 13 Jun 1999 | West Belconnen Leagues Club | ACT, WA | |
| 2000 | Queensland | | NSW | 11 Jun 2000 | Belmont, WA | WA, ? | AR |
| 2001 | Queensland | 12 – 6 | NSW | | Rooy Hill RSL | | AR |
| 2002 | Queensland A | 32 – 10 | NSW | | Ipswich | | |
| 2003 | Queensland Whites | 20 – 12 | Queensland Maroons | | West Belconnen; Canberra | ACT, NSW | |
| 2004 | Not held | Not held | Not held | Not held | Not held | Not held | AR |
| 2005 | South East Queensland | | Queensland Barbarians | | Runaway Bay; Gold Coast | NSW City; NSW Country | AR |
| 2006 | Brisbane | 18 – 10 | Sydney Metro | 11 Jun 2006 | Seiffert Oval, Queanbeyan | NSW Country Monaro, NSW Country Southern Division | CT |
| 2007 | Brisbane | 12 – 6 | Sydney Metro | | Kougari Oval' Wynnum | Cairns (debut); Central Queensland (debut); NSW Country National Barbarians | AR |
| 2008 | South East Queensland | 14 – 4 | Sydney City | | Sydney | NSW Country, North Queensland, Barbarians | AR |
| 2009 | Brisbane | | NSW City | | Runaway Bay; Gold Coast | NSW Residents; North Queensland North; North Queensland South | AR |
| 2010 | to 2017. Unknown. In some years only State Championships were held. | to 2017. Unknown. In some years only State Championships were held. | to 2017. Unknown. In some years only State Championships were held. | to 2017. Unknown. In some years only State Championships were held. | to 2017. Unknown. In some years only State Championships were held. | to 2017. Unknown. In some years only State Championships were held. | to 2017. Unknown. In some years only State Championships were held. |
| 2018 | NSW Country | 16 – 12 | NSW City | 3 Jun 2018 | Owen Park | ADF; Combined Affiliated States; Qld City; Qld Country | |
| 2019 | NSW City | 34 – 4 | NSW Country | 2 Jun 2019 | Pizzey Park, Gold Coast | ADF; Combined Affiliated States; SEQ; Qld Country | |
| 2020 | Not held due to lockdown measures in response to Covid-19 | Not held due to lockdown measures in response to Covid-19 | Not held due to lockdown measures in response to Covid-19 | Not held due to lockdown measures in response to Covid-19 | Not held due to lockdown measures in response to Covid-19 | Not held due to lockdown measures in response to Covid-19 | |
| 2021 | Western Australia | 10 – 6 | First Nation's Gems | 23 May 2021 | Moreton Daily Stadium, Redcliffe | ADF; NT; SA; Victoria | |
| 2022 | NSW Country | 24 – 0 | Western Australia | 12 Jun 2022 | Pizzey Park, Gold Coast | ADF; First Nation's Gems; NT; Victoria | |
For the 2022 National Championships, a four-team Under 19 tournament was run in addition to the six-team open age tournament. Queensland Rubys (10) defeated NSW City (4) in the final. The other Under 19 teams were NSW Country and the Queensland Sapphires.

### Recent Tournaments

The format of the National Championships was restructured ahead of the 2023 tournament. The NRL announced that to further focus on player development and opportunities for players to be seen by NRLW clubs, there would be no official winner. Teams were divided into three pools for the first three days of the four-day tournament. On the fourth and final day, teams would be paired off for matches based on earlier results.
A New Zealand team, named Ahi Ka Aotearoa, entered the 2023 tournament.
Fiji and Papua New Guinea teams entered the 2024 tournament. To accommodate these teams and preserve the twelve team structure, Queensland dropped from two teams to one team and NSW Country (Under 19's) and NSW Emerging Country (Open Age) merged.
| Year | Dates, Location, Grounds | Pool A | Pool A | Pool B | Pool B | Pool C | Pool C | Last Day Match-Ups | Ref |
| Year | Dates, Location, Grounds | Team | W | Team | W | Team | W | Last Day Match-Ups | Ref |
| 2023 | 18-21 May Gold Coast UAA Park | NSW City | 3 | Queensland Rubys | 3 | Northern Territory | 3 | NSW City drew Queensland Rubys | |
| 2023 | 18-21 May Gold Coast UAA Park | NSW Emerging Country | 2 | First Nations Gems | 2 | ADF | 2 | First Nations Gems drew NSW Emerging Country | |
| 2023 | 18-21 May Gold Coast UAA Park | Western Australia | 1 | NSW Country | 1 | Victoria | 1 | Northern Territory beat Western Australia | |
| 2023 | 18-21 May Gold Coast UAA Park | Queensland Sapphires | 0 | Ahi Ka Aotearoa | 0 | South Australia | 0 | ADF beat NSW Country Queensland Sapphires beat Victoria Ahi Ka Aotearoa beat South Australia | |
| 2024 | 21-24 March Gold Coast UAA Park | NSW City | 3 | Queensland Sapphires | 3 | NSW Country | 3 | Queensland Sapphires beat NSW City | |
| 2024 | 21-24 March Gold Coast UAA Park | Ahi Ka Aotearoa | 2 | First Nations Gems | 2 | Papua New Guinea | 2 | NSW Country beat Ahi Ka Aotearoa | |
| 2024 | 21-24 March Gold Coast UAA Park | Northern Territory | 1 | Fiji | 1 | ADF | 1 | First Nations Gems beat Papua New Guinea |
| 2024 | 21-24 March Gold Coast UAA Park | Western Australia | 0 | Victoria | 0 | South Australia | 0 | Northern Territory beat Fiji ADF beat Western Australia Victoria beat South Australia | |

## Competitions

* NRL Women's Premiership
* Australian Women's Rugby League
* Brisbane and District Women's Rugby League
* Sydney Metropolitan Women's Rugby League