OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur Rödl

Arthur Rödl (13 June 1898 – 5 April 1945) was a German Standartenführer (Colonel) in the Waffen-SS and a Nazi concentration camp commandant.
Rödl was born into a Catholic family. His father worked as a messenger and his mother ran a newsstand. The stand closed when Rödl was ten, and he was told by his mother that it had shut down as she could not compete with a nearby stand run by a Jew. The incident helped to instill a sense of anti-Semitism in the young Rödl, who was involved in extreme nationalist groups from an early age. Rödl was apprenticed to a blacksmith when World War I broke out. He soon enlisted in the German Imperial Army by forging his age on his documents after initially being rejected for being only 16. He was seriously wounded at least once during the war, and was demobilized at the age of 20. He eventually worked for the post office.
Rödl quickly returned to far right activism and joined the Bund Oberland in 1920. His activities brought him frequent reprimands at work, for taking time off to travel with other Bund members to fight Poles in Upper Silesia, and using his window at the post office to hand out propaganda leaflets. When it became clear that he had participated in the Beer Hall Putsch, he was dismissed by the post office.
By this time a member of the Nazi Party, Rödl sought employment at the party's Brown House headquarters, where he found a job as a mimeograph operator. He volunteered for the SS in 1928, and in 1934 was switched to a full-time member of the organisation. He served with the SS-Totenkopfverbände, initially at Lichtenburg and then at Sachsenhausen, although he found advancement difficult because he was seen by his SS superiors as naive and unsubtle.
Rödl was noted for his brusque manner, an attribute that was less than ideal for an SS man at Sachsenhausen, because it sometimes hosted overseas dignitaries due to its proximity to Berlin. For that reason, Theodor Eicke recommended Rödl's removal from his position in 1937.
Rödl finally began to rise through the ranks following a transfer to Buchenwald, where he was deputy to commandant Karl-Otto Koch. In that role, he was given a largely free hand to indulge his cruel side, with Koch placing no restrictions on his men's actions. An example of this occurred late on 1 January 1939, when Rödl lined up the inmates, picked five at random, and had them stripped, tied to posts, and whipped until morning, in tune with the prisoner orchestra. Eventually he was given command of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, although he was not suited to the role. One of his successors, Johannes Hassebroek, commented that Rödl was a "cruel, corrupt and drunken man". He ultimately reached the rank of Standartenführer, despite consistently testing for low intelligence. Wilhelm Gideon replaced him as camp commandant on 16 September 1942.
He ended his service in Ukraine as part of the occupation police, before committing suicide with a hand grenade when defeat for Nazi Germany looked inevitable.
# Sudhindra Bose

Sudhindra Bose (1883 – May 26, 1946), a pioneer in teaching Asian politics and civilization at the Iowa State University in the United States, was born in Keotkhali near Dacca, in the then Bengal Presidency.

## Early life and education

Sudhindra Bose was born in Keotkhali and studied at Dacca Jubilee School, Hashara Kalikishore High English School, Munshiganj High School, and the Comilla Victoria School and Comilla Victoria College (where his brother Satyendranath Bose became principal) of University of Calcutta from 1901 to 1903. He received a John Ings Medal and moved to the United States in 1904 and enrolled as a student at Park University, Missouri, from 1904 to 1906. While at the university he worked for The Daily Maroon. He then transferred to the University of Illinois, where he earned his B.A. in 1907 and an M.A. in English in 1909.

## Academic career

Bose received a Ph.D. degree in political science from the University of Iowa in 1913.
From 1913 until his death in 1946, Bose was an instructor in the Department of Political Science at Iowa, first as Assistant in Political Science and then as Lecturer in Oriental Politics. He wrote four books between 1916 and 1934, as well as many articles for American and Indian periodicals.
In 1915, Bose published a rebuttal in the American Political Science Review to an article published by APSA president Frank J. Goodnow where Goodnow argued that monarchy was the most suitable form of government in China. Bose, on the other hand, argued that Asians yearned for democracy and challenged notions that Asians were fundamentally unlike Westerners in that regard.
Bose was a correspondent for the Des Moines Register. He spoke on the lecture circuit and traveled widely in Asia and Europe.

## Personal life

He married Swiss fellow-student Anne Zimmerman in 1927. She taught French at the University of Iowa between 1944 and 1946 and wrote a biographical note on Sudhindra following his death. He died May 26, 1946, of heart disease at the age of 63, in Iowa City, Iowa.

## Publications

* Bose, Sudhindra (1918), Some aspects of British rule in India Monographs University of Iowa, vol. 5, The University, Iowa City, pp. 79–81
* Bose, Sudhindra (1920), Fifteen Years in America, Arno Press, New York
# George Druce (cricketer)

George Druce (10 May 1821 – 15 April 1869) was an English barrister. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and as a cricketer he played one first-class cricket match for Cambridge University against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's in 1842. Druce scored five runs in his only first-class appearance.
His nephew Frank Druce played Test cricket for England, while two other nephews Walter Druce and Eliot Druce both played first-class cricket.
Druce had a very successful academic career at Cambridge University and became a prominent and highly respected lawyer. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1866. He died at Denmark Hill, Surrey on 15 April 1869 when he fell from his horse.
# Kani, Ivory Coast

Kani is a town in north-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Kani Department in Worodougou Region, Woroba District. Kani is also a commune. In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Kani was 31,211.

## Villages

The fifteen villages of the sub-prefecture of Kani and their population in 2014 are:
* Banagoro (300)
* Gbédéguéla (1 523)
* Kani (8 908)
* Katogbo (912)
* Komatou (883)
* Tabakoroni (532)
* Tiesso (453)
* Babasso (1 782)
* Frototou (1 677)
* Kabélékoro (275)
* Manabri (2 611)
* Massasso-Bas-Yani (2 326)
* Silakoro (1 708)
* Soba (2 419)
* Wongué (4 902)
# Means massacre

On May 10, 1756, the Means family of North Yarmouth, Province of Massachusetts Bay (today's Freeport, Maine), were attacked by Native Americans during the French and Indian War. It resulted in the deaths of two people.
Although warning had been given about an Indian raid being in progress in the area, with the recommendation that outlying settlers should shelter in their nearest garrison house, the Means family decided to wait until the morning to go to Flying Point. They lived in a log cabin located near the shoreline, and the family consisted of 33-year-old farmer Thomas, his wife of seven years, Alice, daughters Alice and Jane, an infant son, Robert, and 16-year-old Molly (Mary), sister of the patriarch. Alice was pregnant with a second son, named Thomas at birth.
Shortly after dawn, the family was dragged out of their home. Thomas was shot and scalped. Alice, carrying her baby, ran back into the house and barricaded the door. One of the attackers shot through a hole in the wall, killing the infant and puncturing his mother's breast. John Martin, who had been sleeping in another room, fired at them, causing them to flee.
The Indians took with them Molly, whom they made follow them through the woods to Canada. Upon her arrival in Quebec, she was sold as a slave. A few months later, Captain William McLellan, of Falmouth, Maine (now Portland), was in Quebec in charge of a group of prisoners for exchange. He had known Molly before her capture and secretly arranged for her escape. He came below her window and threw her a rope which she slid down. McLellan brought her back to Falmouth on his vessel. They married shortly afterwards. Another source states that McLellan knew, at the time of her kidnap, that Mary would be taken to Quebec and tracked her down when he arrived there.
Alice remarried, to Colonel George Rogers. Thomas is interred in Freeport's First Parish Cemetery, alongside his son. His wife is buried with her second husband in Flying Point Cemetery. His daughter, Alice, is buried at Old Harpswell Common Burying Ground, alongside her husband, Clement Skolfield, whom she married in 1773. Jane married Joseph Anderson, of Flying Point.
The Means massacre was the last act of resistance by the indigenous people to occur within the limits of North Yarmouth.
Thomas Means was born in December 1756, a few months after the death of his father and brother, in the garrison house at Flying Point. He went on to achieve the rank of major in the Continental Army. He died in 1828, aged 71 or 72, and is buried in Flying Point Cemetery.
In 1932, a reenactment of the event was held in front of a large audience. Nearly all of the actors were descended from one of the Meanses involved.
In July and August 2006, an exhibition commemorating the event was on view at Freeport's Harrington House, now the home of Freeport Historical Society.
A nearby one-room former schoolhouse is named the Thomas Means Club in memory of the family's patriarch.
# Yokum, West Virginia

Yokum is an unincorporated community in Upshur County, West Virginia, United States.
# USS Sotoyomo (YTM-9)

USS Sotoyomo (YTM-9/YT-9/Harbor Tug No.9) was a harbor tug built at the turn of the twentieth century. She saw service in both World War I and World War II and was heavily damaged by the Attack on Pearl Harbor. The name Sotoyomo commemorates a part of the Sioux tribe of Indians. Sotoyomo was the oldest vessel at Pearl Harbor in service at the time of the attack.

## History

Sotoyomo was laid down 2 March 1903, at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, she was launched 20 August 1903. She served in both World War I and World War II.

### Attack on Pearl Harbor

Sotoyomo was in floating dry dock YFD-2 with USS Shaw undergoing overhaul when Pearl Harbor was attacked 7 December 1941. Explosions and fires on Shaw greatly damaged Sotoyomo which resulted in total submersion. Originally, Sotoyomo was deemed a total loss, but she was later refloated, repaired, and rehabilitated.

### Further service in World War II

Sotoyomo served throughout World War II in various locations across the Pacific including Naval Base Noumea, Naval Base Guadalcanal and Naval Base Philippines at Naval Base Leyte. In Leyte, in September 1945, she was declared in very poor shape and taken out of service. On 15 February 1946, she was scuttled off Leyte. She was struck from the Naval Register on 26 February 1946.

## Awards

* World War I Victory Medal
* American Defense Service Medal
* Combat Action Ribbon (Attack on Pearl Harbor)
* American Campaign Medal
* Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
* 1 battle star (World War II)
# Musa Mogushkov

Musa Khozh-Akhmatovich Mogushkov (Russian: Муса Хож-Ахматович Могушков; born 6 February 1988) is a Russian judoka. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed in the Men's 66 kg, but was defeated in the second round. He also competed in the men's 73 kg event at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
# First and second fundamental theorems of invariant theory

In algebra, the first and second fundamental theorems of invariant theory concern the generators and relations of the ring of invariants in the ring of polynomial functions for classical groups (roughly, the first concerns the generators and the second the relations). The theorems are among the most important results of invariant theory.
Classically the theorems are proved over the complex numbers. But characteristic-free invariant theory extends the theorems to a field of arbitrary characteristic.

## First fundamental theorem for $\operatorname {GL} (V)$

The theorem states that the ring of $\operatorname {GL} (V)$-invariant polynomial functions on ${V^{*}}^{p}\oplus V^{q}$ is generated by the functions $\langle \alpha _{i}|v_{j}\rangle$, where $\alpha _{i}$ are in $V^{*}$ and $v_{j}\in V$.

## Second fundamental theorem for general linear group

Let V, W be finite-dimensional vector spaces over the complex numbers. Then the only $\operatorname {GL} (V)\times \operatorname {GL} (W)$-invariant prime ideals in $\mathbb {C} [\operatorname {hom} (V,W)]$ are the determinant ideal $I_{k}=\mathbb {C} [\operatorname {hom} (V,W)]D_{k}$ generated by the determinants of all the $k\times k$-minors.
# Francis Badgley (doctor)

Francis Badgley (14 June 1807 – 24 December 1863) was the son of Francis Badgley (1767–1841), a merchant with business connections to the London, England, fur trade. The senior Badgley had made his start in Canada as a partner of Richard Dobie. His brother, William became a judge and attorney general for Canada East.
Francis was licensed to practice in 1826 and, after receiving his diploma from the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and his MD from the University of Edinburgh in 1829, he finished his studies in Europe. He then practiced in England until returning to Montreal in 1843. Upon his return, he concentrated mainly on teaching medicine and in 1843 was instrumental in setting up the Montreal School of Medicine and Surgery, later to become the Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine. He was also involved in setting up the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada. This organization received government recognition in 1847.
Francis Badgley continued to teach medicine in Canada until 1860. At that time he was on the medical faculty of the University of Trinity College in Toronto. He returned to England that year because of his wife's health and remained there in practice until his death.
# George Higgins (cricketer)

George Frederick Higgins (25 December 1868 – 19 August 1951) was an English cricketer active from 1894 to 1895 who played for Essex. He was born in London and died in Woodford Green. He appeared in nine first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who scored 306 runs with a highest score of 118.
# Malik Benlevi

Malik Ammon Benlevi (born March 20, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Earthfriends Tokyo Z of the B.League. He played college basketball player for the Georgia State Panthers.

## High school career

Benlevi attended Jenkins High School in Savannah, Georgia. He averaged 13.8 points, 5.6 rebounds, 2.0 steals and 1.5 assists per game as a junior. Benlevi led the team to a Region 3-AAAAA title and to the Class AAAAA Final Four, and was an All-Savannah Morning News first-team selection. As a senior, he averaged 16.7 points and 6.2 rebounds per game, earning Region 1-AAA Player of the Year as well as all-state first-team honors from the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Benlevi led Jenkins to its first state championship, scoring 12 points in the title game against Morgan County High School. He committed to play college basketball at Georgia State over offers from South Carolina State and Kennesaw State.

## College career

Benlevi rarely played as a freshman, but averaged 8.5 points and 4.2 rebounds per game as a sophomore. As a junior, he averaged 9.6 points, 6.5 rebounds and 1.7 assists per game. During his senior season, Benlevi frequently played center due to injuries to the team's big men. In the championship game of the Sun Belt Conference tournament, he scored 16 points and grabbed 11 rebounds in a 73–64 win against UT Arlington, and he was named Most Outstanding Player. Benlevi averaged 11.9 points and 5.8 rebounds per game.

## Professional career
### Ostioneros de Guaymas (2019)

After going undrafted in the 2019 NBA draft, Benlevi signed his first professional contract with Ostioneros de Guaymas of the Mexican Circuito de Baloncesto de la Costa del Pacífico. He averaged 11.4 points, 5.7 rebounds and 1.2 assists per game.

### Salt Lake City Stars (2019–2021)

In October 2019, Benlevi joined the Salt Lake City Stars of the NBA G League. During the 2019–20 season, he averaged 5.8 points, 3.2 rebounds, 1.4 assists, and 18.5 minutes in 37 games. During the G League hub season between February and March 2021, he averaged 7.7 points, 3.4 rebounds, 1 assist, and 19.7 minutes in 11 games.

### Iowa Wolves (2021–2022)

After initially signing with Grindavík of the Icelandic league, Benlevi joined the Iowa Wolves for the 2021–22 NBA G League season. He was waived on February 28, 2022, and then reacquired by the team on March 10. He averaged 6.4 points, 3.9 rebounds, 0.7 assists, and 16.1 minutes in 27 games while setting his career-high at 5 blocks per game.

### Saskatchewan Rattlers and BC Nokia (2022–2023)

On April 12, 2022, Benlevi signed with the Saskatchewan Rattlers of the CEBL.
For the 2022–23 season, Benlevi played for BC Nokia in Finland. He then returned to the Rattlers for the 2023 CEBL season.

### Wellington Saints (2024)

On March 22, 2024, Benlevi signed with the Wellington Saints of the New Zealand National Basketball League (NZNBL) for the 2024 season.

### Earthfriends Tokyo Z (2024–present)

On August 5, 2024, Benlevi signed with the Earthfriends Tokyo Z of the B.League.
# Mount Jetté

Mount Jetté, also named Boundary Peak 177, is a mountain located near the tri-point of Alaska, British Columbia, and Yukon along the Canada–United States border, and part of the Southern Icefield Ranges of the Saint Elias Mountains. It is named in 1908 for Sir Louis-Amable Jetté, (1836-1920), a member of the 1903 Canadian Boundary Tribunal, leading to the resolution of the Alaska Boundary Dispute, and Lieutenant Governor of the Province of Quebec from 1898 to 1908. The peak of Mount Jetté is not far from the westernmost point in British Columbia.
# USS LST-486

USS LST/LST(H)-486 was an LST-1-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II.

## Construction

LST-486 was laid down on 31 December 1942, under Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 1006, by Kaiser Shipyards, Yard No. 4, Richmond, California; launched on 16 January 1943; and commissioned on 29 May 1943.

## Service history

During World War II, LST-486 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater and participated in the following operations: the Capture and occupation of Saipan in June and July 1944; the Capture and occupation of Tinian in July 1944; the Battle of Leyte landings October 1944; and the Lingayen Gulf landings January 1945.

## Post-war service

Following the war, LST-486 was redesignated LST(H)-486 on 15 September 1945. She performed occupation duty in the Far East in January 1946. Upon her return to the United States, she was decommissioned on 13 January 1946. The tank landing ship was operated by the Shipping Control Authority, Japan, until destroyed on 23 July 1947. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 28 August 1947.

## Awards

LST-486 earned four battle stars for World War II service.
# Selim Yaşar

Koloi Mikailovich Kartoev (Russian: Колой Микаилович Картоев; born 20 February 1990), also known as Selim Yaşar or Zelimkhan Kartoev, is a Russian-Turkish former freestyle wrestler, junior and cadet World Champion. He was a runner-up at the 2015 World Wrestling Championships and bronze medalist at the 2014 World Wrestling Championships. He won the gold medal at the Wenceslas Ziolkowski Memorial XLIX. He is a Turkish national wrestling champion. He won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, losing to Russian Abdulrashid Sadulaev in the final bout. Yaşar was a bronze medalist at the 2017 European Wrestling Championships in Novi Sad, Serbia.
# List of official names of South Africa

There are eleven official names of South Africa, one in each of its 12 official languages. The number is surpassed only by India. These languages include English, Afrikaans, the Nguni languages (Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele, and Swazi), the Sotho-Tswana languages (Tswana, Sotho, and Pedi), Venda, and Tsonga.
There are smaller but still significant groups of speakers of Khoi-San languages, which are not official, but one of the eight unofficially recognised languages. There are even smaller groups of speakers of endangered languages, many of which are from the Khoi-San family, but receive no official status; however, some groups are attempting to promote their use and revival.
The official names are:
| Language | Long form | Short form |
| Afrikaans | Republiek van Suid-Afrika | Suid-Afrika |
| English | Republic of South Africa | South Africa |
| Pedi | Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa | Afrika Borwa |
| Southern Ndebele | iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika | iSewula Afrika |
| Southern Sotho | Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa | Afrika Borwa |
| Swazi | iRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika | iNingizimu Afrika |
| Tsonga | Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga | Afrika-Dzonga |
| Tswana | Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa | Aforika Borwa |
| Venda | Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe | Afurika Tshipembe |
| Xhosa | iRiphabliki yomZantsi Afrika | uMzantsi Afrika |
| Zulu | iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika | iNingizimu Afrika |
And one former name:
| Language | Long form | Short form | Period |
| Dutch | Republiek van Zuid-Afrika | Zuid-Afrika | 1961–1983 |
South Africa's country code, ZA, is an abbreviation of this former official name, Zuid-Afrika.
# Charming Sinners

Charming Sinners is a 1929 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Robert Milton and Dorothy Arzner (who was uncredited), with a screenplay by Doris Anderson adapted from the 1926 play The Constant Wife written by W. Somerset Maugham. The film stars Ruth Chatterton, Clive Brook, Mary Nolan, William Powell, Laura Hope Crews and Florence Eldridge. The film was released on August 17, 1929, by Paramount Pictures.
It has been described as a "splendid example of the early talkie period" with use of static camera and dialogue-heavy scenes.

## Plot

In London, aware of her husband's longstanding affair and feeling neglected, Kathryn Miles flirts with a former flame in a plot to teach her husband a lesson without endangering their marriage.

## Cast

* Ruth Chatterton as Kathryn Miles
* Clive Brook as Robert Miles
* Mary Nolan as Anne-Marie Whitley
* William Powell as Karl Kraley
* Laura Hope Crews as Mrs. Carr
* Florence Eldridge as Helen Carr
* Montagu Love as George Whitley
* Juliette Crosby as Margaret
* Lorraine MacLean as Alice
* Claud Allister as Gregson
# Stephen Bird

Stephen Bird (born 11 May 1988) is a South African-born Australian sprint canoeist. He is a three-time national champion (2010, 2011, and 2012) in the men's kayak doubles (200 m), and a member of the Canning River Canoe Club in Perth, Western Australia, under his personal coach Ramon Andersson.
Bird took up canoeing in 1996 in Richmond, South Africa, together with his brother. They used the kayaks left by his uncle, who immigrated to Australia that year. He attended Michaelhouse in KwaZulu-Natal, during which time he was awarded his Protea Blazer for representing South Africa at junior level. In 2007 his family moved to Perth, Western Australia, where he studied commerce and psychology at the Curtin University.
Bird qualified for the men's K-2 200 metres at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, by placing first from the 2012 ICF Oceania Qualification Tournament in Penrith, New South Wales. Bird and his partner Jesse Phillips finished sixth in the final by four hundredths of a second (0.04) behind the Argentine pair Miguel Correa and Rubén Voisard, with a time of 35.315 seconds.
Bird was the dominant K-1 paddler in the Rio 2016 selection events beating out his partner Jessie Philips, even though Steve and jessie had planned to go to the Olympics in a K2. He would go on to win gold in the 2016 Oceania Championships in Adelaide in February, and again at the 2016 National Sprint Championships the following month. He went through heat three second with a time of 34.584. He went through semi final two second with a time of 34.650. He placed eighth in the A finals at the Rio Olympics with a time of 36.426.