OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albatrellopsis confluens

Albatrellopsis confluens is a species of fungus in the family Albatrellaceae. It is commonly referred to as fused polypore. It is similar to Albatrellus ovinus, but bitter and with age tend to salmon color.
It was reclassified from genus Albatrellus to Albatrellopsis in 1993 based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Recent molecular phylogenetic analysis showed high sequence similarity with Albatrellopsis flettii and confirmed this reclassification.

## Description

Cap is 3–15 cm in diameter, hemispherical or irregularly circular. Surface color is cream or apricot with an orange tinge, sometimes also reddish-brown or ochre. Flaky at the edges. Skin becomes cracked in the dry period. Usually occurs in clusters of fused fruit bodies, up to 50 cm in diameter.
Hymenophore is made of tubes up to 3 mm long, decurrent on the stem, white. The pores are very small and circular.
Stipe is 30 to 60 mm high and has 20 to 25 mm in diameter, short and not very distinct. Central, eccentric or lateral. White, sometimes with an apricot, rusty tinge and spots.
Flesh is cream-coloured. Odour weak, pleasant. Taste bitter.
Spore print is white. Spores are broadly ovate to almost spherical, colorless, smooth and measure 4.5-5 × 3–3.5 μm.

## Distribution and habitat

A species widespread in Europe and North America, recorded also in Japan and on the Yorke Peninsula in Australia.
Albatrellopsis confluens is a saprotrophic fungus. It occurs sporadically in coniferous and mixed forests and most often found in mountain spruce forests. It grows on the ground, singly or in crowded clumps. Fruit bodies are produced from July to October.

## Edibility

The mushroom is edible when young, old ones are unpalatable and bitter. Due to its poor taste and rarity, it should not be picked.

## Biochemistry

Albatrellopsis confluens is noted for its medicinal properties, particularly due to the presence of the bioactive compound grifolin. Studies have demonstrated that grifolin exhibits significant anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and promoting cell cycle arrest, specifically in ovarian and human osteosarcoma cells. The compound achieves this by inactivating key signaling pathways, such as ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT. Additionally, grifolin has been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

## Similar species

* Albatrellus subrubescens has a cap-shaped fruiting body, with a more distinct stem; the cap is brown-purple, whitish-yellow or ochre-brown, the stem is whitish with orange-purple or brown-orange spots, later the entire brick-brown, and grows in pine forests.
* Albatrellus ovinus has a very light cap, lemon-yellow pores, the flesh turns yellow as it dries and does not grow in fused clumps.
* Laeticutis cristata has a yellow-green to brown cap and grows in deciduous forests, mainly beech forests, although it can also be found in coniferous mountain forests.
* Hydnum rufescens and Hydnum repandum have a hymenophore made of tooth-like or spine-like projections.
# Sheboygan River

The Sheboygan River is a river flowing to Lake Michigan in eastern Wisconsin in the United States. It is about 81 mi (130 km) long and enters the lake at the city of Sheboygan. The name of the river is Chippewa in origin, Shawb-wa-way-gun, meaning 'hollow bone', 'noise underground' or 'river disappearing underground'.

## Course

The Sheboygan River rises in eastern Fond du Lac County and initially flows northeastwardly through northwestern Sheboygan County, southeastern Calumet County and southwestern Manitowoc County before turning southeastwardly back into Sheboygan County. Along its course the river flows past the village of St. Cloud, the cities of Kiel and Sheboygan Falls, the village of Kohler and the city of Sheboygan, where it enters Lake Michigan. At Sheboygan Falls it collects its two largest tributaries, the Mullet River and the Onion River.

## Water quality

Because of past heavy manufacturing on the eastern portion of the river from companies such as Tecumseh Products in Sheboygan Falls, Kohler Company, and the predecessor companies of Wisconsin Public Service near Sheboygan's downtown, the riverbed has a high concentration of PCBs and other chemicals which make any form of swimming in the river east of Sheboygan Falls' western limits impossible, thus it has been a working Superfund site from the Sheboygan Falls Dam (approximately at Monroe Street in that city eastward) since June 1986. Dredging along the section most affected by Tecumseh was completed in 2005, while dredging of the former Camp Marina/WPS site in Sheboygan was completed by the summer of 2012. Cautions on fishing and warnings about consumption of fish in the Sheboygan River east of the Falls Dam are also enforced by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and posted at all boat launches along Sheboygan's river frontage.
# Starzyny, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Starzyny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rokietnica, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Rokietnica and 16 km (10 mi) north-west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Shell Creek

Shell Creek is a tributary of the Bighorn River, approximately 50 mi (80 km) long, in Wyoming in the United States. Lying entirely within Big Horn County, Shell Creek begins above the Shell Lakes in the Bighorn Mountains. Starting at an elevation of over 11,000 ft (3,400 m), it drops to below 3,800 ft (1,200 m) as it descends the western side of the Bighorn Mountains through Shell Canyon and enters the Big Horn Basin near Shell, Wyoming. It flows into the Bighorn River, a tributary of the Yellowstone River, just north of Greybull.

## Watershed

The Shell Creek watershed consists of 370,500 acres (1,499 km$^2$) of native rangeland (73%), forest (24%), irrigated cropland, pasture and hayland (3%). There are over 10,500 acres (42 km$^2$) of irrigated lands in the Shell Creek watershed; the greater part (92%) of which is in the lower portion-downstream from the town of Shell. About 7,500 acres (30 km$^2$) are irrigated from Shell Creek itself. Also, the part of the creek is diverted above Shell and conveyed via pipeline to the town of Greybull as a municipal water supply.

## Transportation

US 14, the Bighorn Scenic Byway, travels along Shell Creek through the canyon. This modern highway is relatively young. Much of it was completed in the mid-1960s, with major improvements in the 1980s.
# Bora massacre

The Bora massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Bora (Tigrinya: ቦራ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 8 January 2021, with aftermath killings that continued up to 10 January. Bora is the capital town of woreda Bora-Selewa, Southern zone of Tigray.

## Massacre

A skirmish occurred between the TDF and ENDF on the morning of 8 January in the Ajale mountains, about 16 kilometres northeast of Bora. After the fighting, soldiers descended upon Bora.
A massacre by the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) then took place, in which the ENDF killed from 70 to 170 civilians in Bora on 8-10 January 2021. Soldiers went house to house in Bora and carried out the executions. After the killing, the soldiers stopped families from taking their dead. Burials were only permitted two days later; one person buried 26 corpses in the graveyard of the Abune Aregawi Church. The executions mostly took the form of removing a man from his house, making him kneel, and shooting him in the head. In the aftermath, the killing spree reached nearby villages Adi Shegla, Chamela and Chelena.
A mother testified to the EHRC–OHCHR Tigray investigation that her son was executed in the 8 January massacre for being a suspected TPLF fighter.

## Perpetrators

Survivors interpreted the identity of the perpetrators as Ethiopian soldiers.

## Victims

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” mentions 187 victims, of which 64 have been identified.

## Reactions

The "Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation", that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly with regard to its Annex A, which includes the Bora massacre.
Mulu Nega, the chief executive of Tigray's transitional government, and Daniel Bekele, head of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC), did not respond to LA Times' requests for comment. After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, the EHRC–OHCHR Tigray investigation was announced in March 2021, and published its report on 3 November 2021.
# 2024 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs season

The 2024 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs season was the club's 90th season in the professional National Rugby League (NRL) football competition in Australia.
It was Cameron Ciraldo's second season as head coach of the club.

## Pre-season challenge

The 2024 NRL pre-season was played in February, before the commencement of the regular season.

## Regular season
### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| Ground | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | – | H | A | A | H | A | H | – | A | H | H | – | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | H |
| Result | L | L | W | L | W | L | W | B | W | L | L | W | W | W | B | L | W | W | B | L | W | W | W | W | W | L | L |
| Position | 15 | 17 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Points | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 34 | 34 |

### Matches

The league fixtures were announced on 13 November 2023.
Win  Draw  Loss  Fixtures

## Finals series
### Matches

Win  Draw  Loss  Fixtures

### Ladder

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | B | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Melbourne Storm | 24 | 19 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 692 | 449 | +243 | 44 | Advance to finals series |
| 2 | Penrith Panthers (P) | 24 | 17 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 580 | 394 | +186 | 40 | Advance to finals series |
| 3 | Sydney Roosters | 24 | 16 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 738 | 463 | +275 | 38 | Advance to finals series |
| 4 | Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks | 24 | 16 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 653 | 431 | +222 | 38 | Advance to finals series |
| 5 | North Queensland Cowboys | 24 | 15 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 657 | 568 | +89 | 36 | Advance to finals series |
| 6 | Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs | 24 | 14 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 529 | 433 | +96 | 34 | Advance to finals series |
| 7 | Manly Warringah Sea Eagles | 24 | 13 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 634 | 521 | +113 | 33 | Advance to finals series |
| 8 | Newcastle Knights | 24 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 470 | 510 | −40 | 30 | Advance to finals series |
| 9 | Canberra Raiders | 24 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 474 | 601 | −127 | 30 | |
| 10 | Dolphins | 24 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 577 | 578 | −1 | 28 | |
| 11 | St. George Illawarra Dragons | 24 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 508 | 634 | −126 | 28 | |
| 12 | Brisbane Broncos | 24 | 10 | 0 | 14 | 3 | 537 | 607 | −70 | 26 | |
| 13 | New Zealand Warriors | 24 | 9 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 512 | 574 | −62 | 25 | |
| 14 | Gold Coast Titans | 24 | 8 | 0 | 16 | 3 | 488 | 656 | −168 | 22 | |
| 15 | Parramatta Eels | 24 | 7 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 561 | 716 | −155 | 20 | |
| 16 | South Sydney Rabbitohs | 24 | 7 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 494 | 682 | −188 | 20 | |
| 17 | Wests Tigers | 24 | 6 | 0 | 18 | 3 | 463 | 750 | −287 | 18 | |
# Julius Wolff (mathematician)

Julius Wolff (18 April 1882 – 8 February 1945) was a Dutch-Jewish mathematician, known for the Denjoy–Wolff theorem and for his boundary version of the Schwarz lemma. With his family he was arrested in Utrecht by the Nazi occupation forces of the Netherlands on 8 March 1943 and transported to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on 13 September 1944, where he died of epidemic typhus on 8 February 1945, shortly before the camp was liberated.
Wolff studied mathematics and physics at the University of Amsterdam, where he earned his doctorate in 1908 under Korteweg with thesis Dynamen, beschouwd als duale vectoren. From 1907 to 1917 he taught at secondary and grammar schools in Meppel, Middelburg, and Amsterdam. In 1917 Wolff was appointed Professor of differential calculus, theory of functions and higher algebra at the University of Groningen and in 1922 at Utrecht University. He was also a statistical advisor for the life insurance company (or co-operative distributive society) "Eigen Hulp," (a predecessor of AEGON) with offices at The Hague.

## Publications

* Wolff, J. (1926), "Sur l'itération des fonctions holomorphes dans une région, et dont les valeurs appartiennent à cette région", C. R. Acad. Sci., 182, Paris: 42–43
* Wolff, J. (1926), "Sur une généralisation d'un théorème de Schwarz", C. R. Acad. Sci., 182, Paris: 918–920
* Wolff, J. (1931). Fourier'sche Reihen, mit Aufgaben. Groningen: P. Noordhoff.
* van Aardenne-Ehrenfest, T.; Wolff, J. (1943–1944). "Über die Grenzen der einfachzusammenhängenden Gebiete". Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici. 16: 321–323. doi:10.1007/BF02568584. S2CID 124837715.

## Gallery

* Julius Wolff, mathematics teacher in secondary education at Middelburg, Zeeland, 1911
* Wolff: De nieuwe onderzoekingen op het gebied der algebraïsche oppervlakken. Rede, Inaugural lecture (Translated title: New research in algebraic surfaces), University of Amsterdam 1916
* Wolff: Complexe getallenstelsels. Rede, Inaugural lecture (Translated title: Complex number systems), University of Groningen, 1917
* Wolff: Over het subjectieve in de wiskunde. Rede, Inaugural lecture (Translated title: About the subjective in mathematics), University of Utrecht 1922
* Julius Wolff (rightmost in top row) at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Zürich 1932
* Julius Wolff, date unknown
* Stolpersteine (brass plates on concrete to commemorate the Jewish victims of the Holocaust) in front of the domicile of Julius Wolff and his family, Stadhouderslaan 51, Utrecht, 2019
* Address of Julius Wolff and his family, Stadhouderslaan 51, Utrecht, 2019.
* "Julius Wolff - 18.04.1882 - 62 jaar". National Holocaust Names Memorial, Amsterdam, 2023.
# Richard Pramotton

Richard Pramotton (born 9 May 1964) is an Italian former alpine skier.

## Biography

The brother of other alpine skier Roger, he was born at Courmayeur. He was a specialist of giant slalom, a discipline in which he scored three victories, all in 1986. He was the first Italian after the age of Gustav Thöni and Piero Gros to classify in the top five of the Alpine Skiing World Cup, with a fifth position overall in 1987.

## Worls Cup results
### Race victories

| Date | Location | Discipline |
| 28 January 1986 | Adelboden, Switzerland | Giant slalom |
| 30 November 1986 | Sestriere, Italy | Giant slalom |
| 14 December 1986 | Alta Badia, Italy | Giant slalom |
# Starężynek

Starężynek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damasławek, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Damasławek, 18 km (11 mi) east of Wągrowiec, and 62 km (39 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Shell Rock River

The Shell Rock River is a 113-mile-long (182 km) tributary of the West Fork Cedar River in southern Minnesota and northern Iowa in the United States. Via the Cedar and Iowa rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.

## Name

This river was named for the fossil shells found in outcroppings along its banks. The United States Board on Geographic Names settled on "Shell Rock River" as the stream's name in 1931. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known by the spelling "Shellrock River".

## Course

The Shell Rock River flows from Albert Lea Lake in Freeborn County, Minnesota, and soon enters Iowa, flowing generally south-southeastwardly through eastern Worth, northeastern Cerro Gordo, western Floyd, northeastern Butler, southwestern Bremer and northwestern Black Hawk counties, past the town of Glenville in Minnesota and the towns of Northwood, Plymouth, Rock Falls, Nora Springs, Rockford, Marble Rock, Greene, Clarksville and Shell Rock in Iowa. It joins the West Fork of the Cedar River in Black Hawk County, about 6 miles (10 km) north-northwest of Cedar Falls. At Rockford, Iowa, it collects the Winnebago River from the west.
# Mahbere Dego massacres

The Mahbere Dego massacres were mass extrajudicial killings that took place in Mahbere Dego (Tigrinya: ማሕበረ ደጎ) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 16–18 January 2021. Mahbere Dego is a small town that belongs to woreda Na’ider, Central zone of Tigray.

## Massacre

The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) killed dozens of civilians in Mahbere Dego (Central Tigray). Videos of the massacres are not time stamped; the massacres are believed to have started on 15 January 2021 and continued for several days. The massacres occurred in a similar way as many massacres in the Tigray War. The ENDF targeted civilians, especially male, in this case merchants, farmers, often brothers or father and son. They filmed the killings, and, exceptionally, a whistleblower transmitted the videos to Tigrai Media House. Dozens of unarmed civilian men were grouped in the wilderness outside of the town, driven to a cliff edge and executed by the Ethiopian soldiers. Thanks to the particular geomorphology of the surroundings, the imagery could be geolocated. After factchecking the footage of the massacres was published by CNN and BBC.
   The BBC also spoke to a resident in a neighbouring village who said that his brother was among those killed in this massacre. He said that the killings took place in Mahbere Dego, and gave the same month: January 2021 - the government had declared victory in the conflict in November.
Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole.
On 16 June 2021, Tigrai Media House broadcast additional footage of the massacre, showing that a female Amhara soldier was among the killers. Bellingcat confirmed that the video shows the same massacre as the earlier videos.

## Perpetrators

Relatives, investigators and international media interpreted the identity of the perpetrators as Ethiopian soldiers.

## Victims

The BBC mentions 73 victims, and the “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” approximately 50 victims; 54 victims have been identified.

## Reactions

The Mahbere Dego massacres became world news, evidencing what is ongoing in Tigray. As a consequence, the Ethiopian embassy in London issued a “Statement on the Alleged Massacre in Mahbere Dego, Tigray”:
After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.
The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”, that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.
# Sebastian Schulte

Sebastian Schulte (born 13 December 1978 in Wiesbaden) is a German former representative rower. He was a 2006 world champion in the German men's eight and an Olympian. He consistently represented in the German men's eight - the Deutschlandachter- at World Rowing Championships and Olympic Games between 2001 and 2007.
He rowed in the 2005, 2006 and 2007 University Boat Races for Cambridge University securing one victory in the 2007 Cambridge eight.
# 2008 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill

* This article is part of a series about Malcolm Turnbull
Early life and career
Spycatcher trial
OzEmail
Member for Wentworth (2004–2018)
Howard government
2008 Liberal leadership spill
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme
OzCar affair
2009 Liberal leadership spill
Abbott government
National Broadband Network
2015 Liberal leadership spill
Prime Minister of Australia
First Ministry
Second Ministry
2016 election
Robodebt scheme
Parliamentary eligibility crisis
Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey
2018 Liberal leadership spills
2018 Wentworth by-election
Australian republican movement :
vte :
A spill of the leadership of the Liberal Party of Australia took place on 15 September 2008. At a ballot on 16 September, Shadow Treasurer Malcolm Turnbull defeated the incumbent leader Brendan Nelson 45 votes to 41.

## Background

The Liberal-National coalition led by Prime Minister John Howard was defeated at the 2007 federal election by the Australian Labor Party led by Kevin Rudd. In the aftermath, Brendan Nelson was elected leader in an ensuing ballot, in a 45-42 vote against former Minister for the Environment, Malcolm Turnbull.
Nelson's leadership came under intense pressure throughout 2008. Newspoll polling in February 2008 set a record low "Preferred Prime Minister" rating for any opposition leader at 9 percent, with March polling setting another record of 7 percent, with two party preferred setting another Newspoll record at 37-63 percent. In response to increased speculation about his leadership Nelson commented in April that he "will keep fighting and standing up for everyday Australians."
Support for Nelson as leader within the Liberal Party had all but collapsed by the end of July 2008, in part due to repeated gaffes on emissions trading and climate change. Expected to challenge him was either Peter Costello or Malcolm Turnbull, upon the release of Costello's book, The Costello Memoirs. Costello stated he would not be making any move for the Liberal leadership, but media outlets capitalised on Costello's failure to categorically rule out any future leadership challenge. Some MPs said he "still remained ready to assume the leadership later in the electoral cycle".

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Votes |
| | Malcolm Turnbull | 45 |
| | Brendan Nelson | 41 |