OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wales Act 2017

The Wales Act 2017 (c. 7) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It sets out amendments to the Government of Wales Act 2006 and devolves further powers to Wales. The legislation is based on the proposals of the St David's Day Command Paper.

## Background

The bill was proposed by the Conservative Party in its manifesto for the 2015 general election.
The draft Wales Bill was presented in October 2015 and faced much criticism from the public over tests for competence (also known as "necessity tests"). As a result, the bill had been put on hold by the beginning of 2016. An amended bill was introduced into the House of Commons on 1 June 2016.

## Main provisions

One of the most important provisions is that the Act moved Wales from a conferred matters model to a reserved matters model, which is used in Scotland under the Scotland Act 1998. The Act repealed the provision of the Wales Act 2014 for a referendum in Wales on devolution of income tax.
The Act gives extra powers to the National Assembly for Wales and the Welsh Government:
* The ability to amend sections of the Government of Wales Act 2006 which relate to the operation of the National Assembly for Wales and the Welsh Government within the United Kingdom, including control of its electoral system (subject to a two-thirds majority within the Assembly) for any proposed change.
* The ability to use such amendment to devolve powers to the National Assembly for Wales and the Welsh Ministers over areas such as road signs, onshore oil and gas activity, harbours, rail franchising, energy efficiency, and advice.
* The power to change the name of the National Assembly for Wales. On 9 October 2019 the Assembly agreed that the new name would be Welsh Parliament / Senedd Cymru. It came into effect in May 2020.
* The ability to raise or lower income tax by up to 10p in the pound
* The Welsh Government to have increased borrowing powers to support capital investment, up to £1 billion
* Extended powers over equalities and tribunals
* Creation of the Welsh Revenue Authority, a tax authority for Welsh devolved taxes while HMRC collects taxes that are not devolved to Wales
The Act recognised the National Assembly for Wales and the Welsh Government as permanent among UK's constitutional arrangements, with a referendum required before either can be abolished. The Act has also recognised that there is a body of Welsh law and it established the position of President of Welsh Tribunals.
# Choresine

Choresine is a genus of beetles that belong to the family Melyridae. This genus of beetle is known to have high levels of batrachotoxins and is believed to be a possible toxin source for Pitohui and Blue-capped ifrit birds in New Guinea. Collections from Herowana in the Eastern Highlands Province that tested positive for batrachotoxins included the more abundant C. pulchra, the less abundant C. semiopaca and the two infrequent C. rugiceps and C. sp. A, the latter as yet unnamed. The locals advise against allowing these beetles to touch the eyes or sweaty face as a severe burning sensation can result. These species are all described as having metallic blue-violaceous elytra and a yellow and blackish pronotum. The name "nanisani" is used by villagers in Herowana equally for this group of insects, the numbing, tingling, burning sensation they cause and the Blue-capped ifrit.
The hypothesis that Phyllobates frogs in South America obtain batrachotoxins from related genera of the Melyridae (Choresine does not occur there) has not been tested due to the difficulty of field-work in Colombia.

## Species

* Choresine advena Pascoe, 1860
* Choresine buruensis Champion, 1923
* Choresine magnioculata Wittmer, 1973
* Choresine moluccana Champion, 1923
* Choresine neogressittiana Wittmer, 1973
* Choresine nigroviolacea Champion, 1923
* Choresine pulchra (Pic, 1917)
* Choresine reductorugata Wittmer, 1973
* Choresine rufiventris Wittmer, 1973
* Choresine rugiceps Wittmer, 1973
* Choresine semiopaca Wittmer, 1973
* Choresine sp. A, as yet unnamed
# Ziemięcin, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Ziemięcin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbinek, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Wierzbinek, 31 km (19 mi) north-east of Konin, and 108 km (67 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Van den Brande

Van den Brande is a surname, used primarily in Belgium. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfons Van den Brande (1928–2016), Belgian racing cyclist
* Luc Van den Brande (born 1945), Flemish politician, minister-president of Flanders (1992–1999)
# Premio Internacional de Poesía Ciudad de Melilla

The Premio Internacional de Poesía Ciudad de Melilla is one of Spain's top literary awards, given every year to an unpublished poetry collection by a Spanish-speaking author. The Prize was created in 1979 in honor of Miguel Fernández, Melilla's most distinguished poet, and is organized by the city's Consejería de la Cultura (Cultural Council). The Prize is awarded in October by a panel of renowned poets and critics, amid cultural festivities organized by Spain's UNED-Universidad Libre a Distancia and the City Hall.
In 2003, The Prize established a finalist or runner-up. The winner gets €18,000, while the finalist takes €9,000, and both books are published under the Prize's own collection by Visor, a poetry publisher.
In the beginning, The Prize received more than 600 manuscripts every year, but it has been decreasing during the last 5 years. In the last edition, only 43 candidates took part. Candidates are mostly from Spain, Argentina, Colombia, and Uruguay, but also from the United States and other parts of the world. Despite this, only three poets from outside Spain have ever won the award: Nicaraguan Gioconda Belli in 2006, Mexican Marco Antonio Campos in 2009, and Argentine Diana Bellessi in 2010.

## Winners

* 1979 Alfonso Canales,(Spain)
* 1980 Mariano Roldán, (Spain)
* 1981 Luis Rosales, (Spain)
* 1982 Miguel Fernández, (Spain)
* 1983 Pedro Molina Temboury, (Spain)
* 1984 Fernando Quiñones, (Spain)
* 1985 Miguel Ángel Velasco, (Spain)
* 1986 Antonio Abad, (Spain)
* 1987 Elsa López, (Spain, born in Equatorial Guinea)
* 1988 Almudena Guzmán, (Spain)
* 1989 Pablo García Baena, (Spain)
* 1990 Arcadio López-Casanova, (Spain)
* 1991 Ángel García López, (Spain)
* 1992 Rafael Morales, (Spain)
* 1993 Javier Yagüe Bosch, (Spain)
* 1994 Felipe Benítez Reyes, (Spain)
* 1995 Vicente Gallego, (Spain)
* 1996 Juan Carlos Suñén, (Spain)
* 1997 Luis Antonio de Villena, (Spain)
* 1998 Clara Janés, (Spain)
* 1999 Itzíar López Guil, (Spain)
* 2000 Ángeles Mora, (Spain)
* 2001 Benjamín Prado,(Spain)
* 2002 Antonio Jiménez Millán, (Spain)
* 2003 Antonio Cabrera, (Spain)
* 2004 Francisco Díaz de Castro, (Spain)
* 2005 Luis Alberto de Cuenca, (Spain)
* 2006 Gioconda Belli, (Nicaragua)
* 2007 Miguel García Posada, (Spain)
* 2008 Antonio Lucas, (Spain)
* 2009 Marco Antonio Campos,(Mexico)
* 2010 Diana Bellessi,(Argentina)
* 2011 Manuel Vilas Vidal,(Spain)
* 2012 Juan Van Halen,(Spain)
* 2013 Eduardo García, (Spain, born in Brasil)
# Bahsita Mosque

Bahsita Mosque (Arabic: جَامِع بَحْسِيتَا, romanized: Jāmiʿ Baḥsītā), also known as Sita Mosque, is one of the historical mosques in Aleppo, Syria, dating back to the Mamluk period. It is located in al-Aqaba district of the Ancient City of Aleppo, near the Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower and the National Library of Aleppo. It was built in 1350. According to the Aleppine historian Sheikh Kamel al-Ghazzi, the name of the mosque is derived from the Syriac name of the neighbourhood Bet Hasiota (Arabic: بَيْت حَسِيُوتَا, romanized: Bayt Ḥasiyūtā) or Bet Hasda (Arabic: بَيْت حَسْدَا, romanized: Bayt Ḥasdā), meaning the house of purity.
In 1911, the octagonal minaret of the mosque was moved to the eastern side of the building to allow enough space to widen the nearby street.
# 1933 Greek presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in Greece on 19 October 1933. The president was elected by the Greek Parliament and Senate.
Incumbent president Alexandros Zaimis was re-elected and sworn in for his second term the same day. It marked the first time a sitting president had been re-elected and would become the last presidential election of the Second Hellenic Republic before the restoration of the Greek monarchy in 1935.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Alexandros Zaimis | Independent | 197 | 59.88 |
| Scattering | Scattering | Scattering | 132 | 40.12 |
| Total | Total | Total | 329 | 100.00 |
# Jonathan Balotelli

Jonathan Boareto dos Reis (born 20 April 1989), known as just Jonathan Balotelli, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a centre forward for Macedonian First League club FK Makedonija G.P.
# List of critical theorists

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
This is a list of critical theorists.

## A

* Theodor Adorno
* Karl-Otto Apel
* Michael Apple

## B

* Gad Barzilai
* Jean Baudrillard
* Zygmunt Bauman
* Regina Becker-Schmidt
* Walter Benjamin
* Lauren Berlant
* Michael Betancourt
* Susan Bordo
* Stephen Bronner
* Wendy Brown

## C

* Albert Camus
* Cornelius Castoriadis
* Wendy Hui Kyong Chun
* Hélène Cixous
* Dana L. Cloud
* Joan Copjec
* Robert W. Cox
* Tommy J. Curry

## D

* Angela Davis
* Hamid Dabashi
* Antonia Darder
* Michel de Certeau
* Manuel DeLanda
* Teresa de Lauretis
* James Der Derian
* Enrique Dussel

## E

* Antony Easthope
* Mikhail Epstein

## F

* Norman Fairclough
* Andrew Feenberg
* Paul Feyerabend
* Shulamith Firestone
* Mark Fisher (theorist)
* Ramon Flecha
* Nancy Fraser
* Paulo Freire
* Erich Fromm

## G

* Hans-Georg Gadamer
* Raymond Geuss
* Henry Giroux
* Antonio Gramsci
* Stephen Greenblatt
* Félix Guattari

## H

* Jürgen Habermas
* Byung-Chul Han
* Stuart Hall
* David Halperin
* Donna Haraway
* Michael Hardt
* David Harvey
* Alamgir Hashmi
* Axel Honneth
* bell hooks
* Max Horkheimer

## I

* Luce Irigaray

## J

* Fredric Jameson
* Anselm Jappe
* Henry Jenkins
* Sut Jhally

## K

* Kojin Karatani
* Douglas Kellner
* Joe L. Kincheloe
* Otto Kirchheimer
* Siegfried Kracauer
* Julia Kristeva
* Robert Kurz

## L

* Ernesto Laclau
* Edgardo Lander
* Bruno Latour
* Henri Lefebvre
* Alfred Lorenzer
* Leo Löwenthal
* Timothy Luke

## M

* Herbert Marcuse
* Peter McLaren
* Walter Mignolo
* Timothy Morton
* Chantal Mouffe
* Laura Mulvey

## N

* Antonio Negri
* Oskar Negt
* Franz L. Neumann
* Martha Nussbaum

## O

* Claus Offe

## P

* Friedrich Pollock
* Nicos Poulantzas
* Paul B. Preciado
* Moishe Postone
* Jasbir Puar

## R

* Jacques Rancière
* Wilhelm Reich
* Gillian Rose
* Georg Rusche

## S

* Modjtaba Sadria
* Edward Said
* Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
* Ljubodrag Simonović
* Barbara Herrnstein Smith
* Ferdinand de Saussure

## T

* Trinh T. Minh-ha
* Leo Tolstoy

## V

* Alfonso Valenzuela-Aguilera
* Raoul Vaneigem
* Paul Virilio

## W

* McKenzie Wark
* Simone Weil
* Cornel West
* Frank B. Wilderson III
* Raymond Williams

## Y

* Gene Youngblood

## Z

* Slavoj Žižek
# Rainwater Creek

Rainwater Creek is a 3.9-mile-long (6.3 km) tributary stream of Lake Fork Creek. It flows into Lake Fork Creek downstream from the Lake Fork Reservoir Dam approximately four miles west of Quitman in western Wood County, Texas. Its primary source is a spring, augmented by stormwater runoff. It is named for the family of William Walton Rainwater, who was among the earliest permanent settlers of the area.
# A. darlingtoni

A. darlingtoni may refer to:
* Abacetus darlingtoni, a ground beetle
* Agonum darlingtoni, Darlington's harp ground beetle, found in North America
* Agonyx darlingtoni, a synonym of Pseudoangonyx excellens, a moth found in Aru, Papua New Guinea, and Australia
* Albericus darlingtoni, a synonym of Choerophryne darlingtoni, Darlington's rainforest frog, found in Papua New Guinea
* Anolis darlingtoni, a lizard found in Haiti
* Assa darlingtoni, the pouched frog, found in Australia
* Ataenius darlingtoni, a synonym of Ataenius picinus, the pitchy scarab, a dung beetle found in Australia, Oceania, and the Americas
# Zimnowoda, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Zimnowoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borek Wielkopolski, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Borek Wielkopolski, 20 km (12 mi) east of Gostyń, and 64 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Brendan McDonough

Brendan McDonough (born December 27, 1996) is an American soccer player.

## Career
### Early life

McDonough was born in Atlanta, Georgia, but raised in Charlotte, North Carolina. He played three years for Charlotte Catholic High School, while spending his junior year in Germany training with both FT Braunschweig and Eintracht Braunschweig.

### College

McDonough played four years of college soccer at Georgetown University between 2015 and 2018, where he made 63 appearances, scoring 2 goals, and tallying 2 assists.

### Professional

On January 11, 2019, McDonough was selected 35th overall in the 2019 MLS SuperDraft by Vancouver Whitecaps FC. He was officially added to the club's roster on March 6, 2019, signing an MLS contract for 2019 with options through to 2022.
McDonough made his professional debut on June 26, 2019, starting in a 2–2 draw with FC Dallas.
On August 7, 2019, McDonough was loaned to USL Championship side Charlotte Independence for the remainder of the season.
McDonough was released by Vancouver at the end of the 2019 season.
# Bombing of the Soji-ji Ossuary

The Bombing of the Soji-ji Ossuary (総持寺納骨堂爆破事件, Sōjiji Nōkotsudō Bakuha Jiken) was a terrorist bomb attack in Yokohama, Japan that occurred on 6 April 1972. It was undertaken by a group which would later be known as the East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front.

## Origin and history of the target

The remains that were laid in Joshoden, the ossuary of Soji-ji in Yokohama, are those of about 5,000 Japanese who lived in Korea under Japanese rule originally buried in the cemeteries of Keijo, the then capital of Korea which is now Seoul. After the end of colonialism these remains were left unattended so at the behest of Mayor Kim Hyonok an ossuary was built in 1970 at a civilian cemetery in Seoul. However, a series of anti-Japanese attacks damaged this ossuary, and finally on 15 August 1971, it was destroyed. The remains, which were out of necessity incinerated, were returned to Japan and it was decided that they would be entrusted to Soji-ji, the main temple of the Soto school.

## Attack

The East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front decided to blow up the ossuary where "the bones of the invaders" laid in the name of "a resistance campaign for the Korean people". The date 1 March 1972 was chosen as the day to act due to its association with the March 1st Movement. However, because the staff at the temple saw the face of one of the members while doing advance inspection of the target, the plotters split into a group that sought to go ahead as planned and a group that wanted to play it safe and postpone the attack. The former group suffered its own internal split and disbanded.
The remaining faction moved forward with their preparations and on 6 April detonated a bomb disguised as a fire extinguisher on the headstone. Although it made a deafening noise and opened a large hole in the ground, it did not cause serious damage to the ossuary.
# Joe Rankin-Costello

Joseph Scott Rankin-Costello (born 26 July 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays for EFL Championship club Blackburn Rovers as a defender.

## Career

Rankin-Costello started his career with Manchester United academy before moving to the Blackburn Rovers academy in 2014. He cemented his position in the U18 and U23 teams and was also a part of the squad which reached the semi-finals of the FA Youth Cup. In the 2016–17 season, he made 36 appearances for the junior teams of the club. In January 2017, as a 17-year-old, he signed a professional contract with the first team, penning a deal which would keep him at the club until the summer of 2019.
On 4 October 2017, he made his senior debut against Bury where he came as a 57th minute substitute for Harrison Chapman. On 29 August 2020, Rankin-Costello scored his first professional goal in an EFL Cup tie against Doncaster Rovers. Rankin-Costello has continued to make first team appearances in the league, playing on both sides of the pitch as a full back.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 5 October 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Blackburn Rovers U23 | 2016–17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2017–18 | League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2018–19 | Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2019–20 | Championship | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2020–21 | Championship | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 16 | 1 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2021–22 | Championship | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2022–23 | Championship | 24 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 32 | 3 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2023–24 | Championship | 27 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 29 | 2 |
| Blackburn Rovers | 2024–25 | Championship | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 6 | 2 |
| Blackburn Rovers | Total | Total | 91 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 106 | 8 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 91 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 107 | 8 |
* 1 2 Appearance in EFL Trophy
# Adrian Robinson (swimmer)

Adrian Robinson (born 11 April 2000) is a Botswana swimmer. He competed in the men's 50 metre breaststroke event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. In 2019, he represented Botswana at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco.
# Belinda Douglas-Scott-Montagu, Baroness Montagu of Beaulieu

Elizabeth Belinda Douglas-Scott-Montagu, Baroness Montagu of Beaulieu (née Crossley; 11 January 1932 – 15 December 2022) was a British embroiderer and the wife of The 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu, from 1958 until their divorce in 1974.

## Early life

Belinda Crossley was born to Captain Hon. John Crossley and his second wife, the former Sybelle Drummond. Her father was a younger son of Savile Crossley, 1st Baron Somerleyton. In 1935, her father's older brother, Francis Savile Crossley, succeeded her grandfather as the Baron Somerleyton. Her first cousin, Savile William Francis Crossley, was the 3rd Baron Somerleyton from 1959 until his death in 2012.

## Personal life

Crossley married Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu, in 1958. The couple's children:
* Hon. Ralph Douglas-Scott-Montagu (b. 1961), the 4th Baron since August 2015
* Hon. Mary Montagu-Scott (b. 1964)
Lord and Lady Montagu of Beaulieu divorced in 1974.
Beaulieu Abbey houses the former Baroness Montagu of Beaulieu's wall hangings which depict the abbey's history. She was the patron of the New Forest Association and was commissioned in 1979 to work on The New Forest Embroidery, in commemoration of the 900th anniversary of the creation of the New Forest.
Lady Montagu died on 15 December 2022, at the age of 90.
# Augusto Corbi

Augusto Corbi (1837 – 5 September 1901) was an Italian architect, active mainly in his native Tuscany.

## Life and career

Graduating from the Institute of Fine Arts (Istituto di Belle Arti) in Siena, Corbi embarked on his architectural career after a period in Florence.
His contributions are especially remembered for his work in theatre architecture. In 1882, he contributed to the refurbishment of the Accademia degli Intronati within the Palazzo Pubblico, while in 1875 he co-designed, along with Giuseppe Partini, the renovation of the Teatro dei Rozzi. Between 1888 and 1892, Corbi designed the Teatro degli Industri in Grosseto. Additionally, he was responsible for the theater in Chianciano Terme, as well as the renovations of the Teatro degli Smantellati in Sinalunga and the Teatro Poliziano in Montepulciano in 1882.
# Ziemnice, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Ziemnice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osieczna, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Osieczna, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Leszno, and 54 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.
# Radical 17

Radical 17 or radical open box (凵部) is one of 23 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of two strokes.
凵 is also the 20th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 23 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
As for the similar radicals 22 匚 and 13 冂, the name of radical 17 is purely descriptive of its shape, 下三框 "lower three-sided frame".

## Evolution

* Oracle bone script character
* Large seal script character
* Small seal script character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 凵 |
| +2 | 凶 (bad, inauspicious) |
| +3 | 凷 凸 凹 出 (go out, send out) 击$^{SC}$ (=擊 -> 手, to hit) |
| +4 | 凼 |
| +6 | 函$^{SC/TCvariant}$/函$^{Kangxi/JP/KOvariant}$ (box) |
| +7 | 凾 (=函) |
| +10 | 凿$^{SC}$ (=鑿 -> 金) |
The radical does not occur as a character on its own. In combination, it historically takes meanings such as "open mouth", "box", "frame", "hole" or "receptacle".
Also derived from the radical are the Simplified Chinese characters including 击 "to hit", without any historical connection to the radical.
幽 "deep, dark" is derived from radical 46 (山 "mountain") rather than radical 17.

## Literature

* Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
* Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2
* KangXi: page 134, character 17
# Makeda Antoine-Cambridge

Makeda Lizanna Kefima Antoine-Cambridge (born December 31, 1978) was the ambassador and permanent representative of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations.
Antoine-Cambridge earned a Masters of Science from the University of Bradford, and an MBA from Andrews University. In 2013 she founded Genesis International Limited, Trinidad and Tobago. On May 31, 2018, she was appointed as an ambassador of Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations Office at Vienna.
# Hyrtios erectus

Hyrtios erectus is a species of sponge in the taxonomic classification of the common sponges Demospongiae. The sponge belongs to the genus Hyrtios and belongs to the family Thorectidae. The scientific name of this species was first validly published in 1889 by Conrad Keller [de].

## Distribution

This species is widespread in Indo-west Pacific, also in the Southern Red Sea, Papua New Guinea, Palau, New Caledonia, South China Sea, Indonesia and Queensland, South Australia.

## Description

The body of this sponge consists of fibers and is able to absorb a lot of water.

## Biology

These tropical hermaphroditic sponges can reach a depth range of 0 – 100 m. They are filter-feeders living attached to a substrate at base of pinnacles.