OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1961 Holtaheia Vickers Viking crash

The 1961 Holtaheia Vickers Viking crash (Norwegian: Holtaheia-ulykken) was a controlled flight into terrain incident on 9 August 1961 at Holta in Strand, Norway. The Eagle Airways (later, British Eagle) Vickers 610 Viking 3B Lord Rodney was en route from London Heathrow to Stavanger Airport, Sola on an AIR Tours charter flight taking a school group for a camping holiday. The aircraft was making an instrument landing when it crashed 54 km (34 mi) north east of Stavanger. All 39 people on board died.

## Crash

The Viking left London Heathrow at 13:29 on what was an estimated two and a half-hour charter flight. Between 16:24 and 16:30 it crashed 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) north-east of the airport on to Holtaheia, a steep mountainside at an elevation of 1,600 feet (490 m). The crash site was 30 feet (9 m) below the summit.
The aircraft was destroyed and an intense fuel and oil fire followed the impact. The search for the aircraft included an RAF Shackleton and Royal Norwegian Navy ships investigating the fjords in the area. The wreckage was found fifteen hours after the crash by a Royal Norwegian Air Force helicopter, 15 miles (24 km) east from the ILS track.

## Fatalities

The 36 passengers were a school party of 34 boys aged 13 to 16 and two teachers from the Lanfranc Secondary Modern School for Boys (now The Archbishop Lanfranc Academy) in Croydon, South London. The three crew members on board also died. The crash was at the time the deadliest aviation incident in Norway.

## Aircraft

The aircraft was a twin piston-engined Vickers 610 Viking 3B serial number 152 and registered in the United Kingdom as G-AHPM. It first flew on 2 January 1947 and was delivered new to British European Airways.

## Investigation

The report into the crash put the cause down to "a deviation from the prescribed flight path for reasons unknown".

## Aftermath

33 of the boys and one teacher were buried together at a communal grave at Mitcham Road Cemetery in Croydon on 17 August 1961.
Ewan MacColl, who lived in Croydon, wrote a song, "The Young Birds", about the accident.
# Aryane Steinkopf

Aryane Steinkopf Malfacini (born December 14, 1987) is a Brazilian model and nutritionist. She became known nationally for being panicat of the Pânico na TV programme.

## Career
### As model

On July 3, 2011, she made her debut as a panicat in the TV show "Pânico na TV" of RedeTV!. Before, she had already participated in the program on the board "Xurupita's Farm 2", and reconciled modeling with the career of nutritionist (she graduated in nutrition in 2010 from Vila Velha University). In March 2012, she was fired in the middle of the holidays along with Jaque Khury and Babi Rossi after the change of program to the Band.
In February 2012, she was cover of VIP magazine where it was mentioned as "The most perfect of Pânico". In April 2012, she was cover of Playboy magazine. With sales record of 2012, was chosen to stamp the cover of the special edition of December. Also cover the DVD with the best making of the year (the magazine is sold along with the DVD).
Still in 2012, she was chosen by the Internet users of Portal Virgula as the best butt of the present time. In September, she posed for a Labellamafia brand campaign. In the same month, the Angolan singer Adi Cudz released on YouTube the music video "Já Não Quero Olhar", with the participation of the model.
In 2013, she participated in the sixth season of the reality show A Fazenda, from Rede Record, where she was eliminated in the third week with 48% of the votes to stay.
Aryane has already made three sensual essays for the Paparazzo of the portal Globo.com. The first was in November 2011. The second was in September 2014. The third was in August 2015, along with her husband Beto, being the first in the history of the site without any digital retouching.
She is currently a post-graduate student in Maternal and Child Health and dedicates herself exclusively to nutrition and the maternal world. She idealized the nutritional plan for pregnant "NutriMama Guide".

### As ring girl and DJ

In December 2011, she was a ring girl at the "WFE Platinum" MMA event in Salvador.
In December 2012, after several events, the "Ring / Cage Girl of the Year" was elected in the 1st Osvaldo Paquetá Prize, with 6,624 (31%) votes.
In March 2013, besides being ring girl in the first edition of MMA Champions League, also was the official DJ of the event.
In March 2014, to commemorate a year in the career of DJ, she did a photo essay.

## Personal life

When she entered the reality show, Fazenda 6, she had been dating for seven years with her manager Wellington Junior, but ended up engaging a romance with model Beto Malfacini. She married Beto on October 13, 2014, in Espírito Santo. On September 30, 2016, she gave birth to her first child named Aarão.
# Tenbridge

Tenbridge is a vertical-lift railroad bridge over the Tennessee River in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It has a main span of 310 feet (94 m).
The original span was a swing span with a center pivot that was originally built in ca. 1879/1880. It was replaced by a vertical lift span in 1917, but the lift towers and machinery were not installed until 1920. It remains a very busy crossing on the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway, a major subsidiary of the Norfolk Southern Railway. The bridge carries two mainline tracks across the river.
The bridge is one of only three known nesting locations in Tennessee for peregrine falcons, a Tennessee endangered species.

## Sources

* Walker, Alan (2003). Images of Rail: Railroads of Chattanooga. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.
Bridges of the Tennessee River :
Upstream Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge TN 153
Tenbridge Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway
Downstream C.B. Robinson Bridge TN 319 :
35°06′16″N 85°14′01″W﻿ / ﻿35.1045°N 85.2335°W﻿ / 35.1045; -85.2335
# Carl Nagel

Carl Nagel (born January 8, 1940) is a retired American Dirt Modified racing driver from Windsor, New York. His career spanned five decades competing in the Twin Tiers of Pennsylvania and New York.

## Racing career

Carl Nagel found success at the Central New York racetracks such as Weedsport Speedway, but was most at home at the Five Mile Point Speedway in Kirkwood NY, Penn Can Speedway in Susquehanna PA, and Thunder Mountain Speedway in Lisle NY. Nagel scored 112 feature event wins and 4 track championships between the three venues.
In 2013 Nagel, along with son Mike Nagel and grandson Mike Nagel Jr. became the first three generation family to enter the same event at Five Mile Point, and grandson Mike Jr. became the first third generation feature winner at Penn Can. Carl Nagel was inducted into the Northeast Dirt Modified Hall of Fame in 2005.
# Redmi Go

The Redmi Go is an Android Go smartphone developed by Xiaomi under their Redmi subbrand. It was announced in February 2019 for Europe, India and the Philippines.

## Availability

The Redmi Go retails for 80 euros in European markets. It is available in the Philippines through Lazada for PHP3990 and in India for INR4499. The device will not be sold in Western markets.

## Specifications
### Hardware

The Redmi Go has several similarities with the 4A and 5A. All three phones have the same display and processor, however, the Redmi Go has less RAM, less storage and a lower-resolution camera. The dimensions and battery size are also identical to that of the 5A. A polycarbonate unibody construction is used, and black and blue color options are available. It lacks USB-C and instead relies on an older MicroUSB port. Neither a fingerprint sensor nor facial recognition are present.

### Software

The Redmi Go runs on Android 8.1 "Oreo" Go Edition and does not use MIUI unlike other Redmi phones.

## Reception

Gadgets360 gave the Go a 7/10, praising the device's affordability, design and battery life, while criticizing the cameras as well as the limited RAM and storage.
# Thaddeus Kosciusko Bridge

The Thaddeus Kosciusko Bridge, commonly referred to as the Twin Bridges, is a pair of identical through arch, steel bridges which span the Mohawk River between the towns of Colonie, Albany County and Halfmoon, Saratoga County, in New York State's Capital District. The northbound and the southbound spans each carry three lanes of Interstate 87 between exits 7 and 8. The toll-free bridge opened in 1959 as part of the Adirondack Northway, a 176-mile (283 km) highway linking Albany and the Canada–United States border at Champlain. The Interstate 87 section of the highway was formally inaugurated by Governor Nelson Rockefeller on May 26, 1961.
The bridge is named (using an anglicized form) in honor of Tadeusz Kościuszko (1746–1817), the preeminent national figure in Poland's fight for independence. Kościuszko arrived in Colonial America a month after the July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence and remained a notable military leader throughout the Revolutionary War, attaining the rank of general as well as honorary American citizenship. He returned to Poland in July 1784.
The decks on both sides of the bridge were replaced in the spring of 2013.
* Photos of the Bridge
* The bridge from land
* The view from the Mohawk River
* The view from below the bridge
* The bridge from I-87 Northbound
# Guilhem de la Tor

Guilhem de la Tor (Old Occitan: fl. 1216–1233) was an early 13th-century jongleur-troubadour from the Périgord who spent most of his active career in northern Italy. He circulated between the courts of the Este, Malaspina, and Da Romano families.
The tor (tower, castle) that was Guilhem's birthplace, does not survive. It lay in the vicinity of the modern town of La Tour-Blanche, Dordogne. Guilhem first composed in the Occitan language in 1216–1220, during which period he produced the panegyric Pos N'Aimerics a fait mesclança e batailla, a song in which the noble women of Italy put an end to a feud for supremacy at court between Selvaggia and Beatrice di Oramala, daughters of Conrad Malaspina. The Treva ("truce"), as it is called, was a sequel to an earlier work (now lost) by Aimeric de Pegulhan describing the feud.
Guilhem is dignified with a long vida, but much of it cannot be trusted. Among the more trustworthy parts is this description of his character and routine:
   And he knew many songs, and created and sang well and graciously, and he also invented (trobaire). But when he wanted to recite his songs, he made his discussions of the explanation (razo) longer than the song itself.
The subsequent narrative of the vida is an invention. It relates how he fell in love with a young and beautiful barber's wife in Milan and abducted her to Como, where they married and "he loved her more than anything in the world." When she died, Guilhem went mad over the loss and began to believe that she was posing as dead in order to leave him. For ten days he reglularly removed her from the tomb and kissed her and hugged her and asked her to tell him if she were alive or dead and, if dead, to tell him what sufferings she were experiencing so that he could alleviate it with masses and alms. But when the leading men of the city heard this, they expelled him and he went wandering around looking for a sorcerer or sorceress who could bring his wife back to life. He encountered a "trickster" who told him to recite daily the entire Psalter and 150 Paternosters and to give alms to seven poor men before he ate each day, then she would come back to life, but would never eat, drink, or talk. Guilhem set out to do as he was told, but she had not returned to him, he despaired and died. This bizarre legend is related to a partimen between Guilhem and Sordello, Un amics et un'amia, in which the former posed the dilemma of whether it is better to follow a deceased lover to death or to move on. The partimen can be dated to 1224–1226, before Sordello's kidnapping of Cunizza da Romano (Na Cuniza in the poem).
Guilhem was a Ghibelline in sympathy and he wrote Un sirventes farai d'una trista persona to attack the Guelph podestà Ponzio Amato di Cremona. He lampoons the hated Guelph politician as Porc Armat ("armed pig") de Cremona. This song was written before Ponzio's death in 1228.
Guilhem's last song was Canson ab gais motz plazens, inspired by the death in November 1233 of Giovanna d'Este. A charter of Ottone del Carretto dated that same month was witnessed by one "Guillelmus de la Turri", possibly the same person as the troubadour.
# Lalla Bahia

Lalla Bahia bint Antar (Arabic: لالة بهية بنت عنتر; unknown – 3 September 2008) was the third wife of Mohammed V of Morocco, who reigned from 1927 until 1961. Bahia was also the mother of Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco.

## Biography

Lalla Bahia was a lady from a wealthy Berber family and she had Glaoua (Glawa) origins. Abdelssadeq el-Glaoui explained that just like Lalla Abla bint Tahar, her husband's second wife, Lalla Bahia was chosen from the house Glaoui. However, it is not specified whether it is on her maternal or paternal side that she has Glaoua origins.
Bahia died on 3 September 2008. Her funeral was held at the Moulay El Hassan Mausoleum at the Dar al-Makhzen in Rabat, Morocco.

## Marriage

Lalla Bahia married Sultan Sidi Mohammed in the summer of 1953, during a discreet ceremony. The couple had one daughter:
* HRH Princess Lalla Amina (1954–2012), born in Antsirabe.
She became the widow of her husband on February 26, 1961.
# Tiébanda skirmish

On October 28, 2015, a battle broke out in Tiébanda, Mali, between Katiba Macina militants and Malian forces.

## Prelude

On October 27, 2015, Malian forces began an anti-jihadist operation dubbed Operation Seno, and launched patrols around the cercles of Mopti, Koro, and Bandiagara in Mali's Dogon country. Operation Seno was the largest Malian operation against jihadists since the start of Operation Serval in 2013. Around the start of the operation, twelve jihadists suspected to be part of Katiba Macina, an Ansar Dine affiliate in Mopti Region, were arrested and taken to Bamako. Afterwards, Malian forces conducted operations in Bankass, Koro, Douentza, and Tominian.

## Skirmish

Fighting broke out in Tiébanda, near the village of Tassilima and about thirty kilometers from the Burkinabe border, on October 28. The Malian army attacked a Katiba Macina hideout in the bush, with the intel of the location having been provided by two people who were forcibly recruited by the jihadists and later escaped. The clashes lasted for six hours.

## Aftermath

According to a Malian ministry of defense official and a Mopti regional official interviewed anonymously by AFP, seven jihadists were killed in the skirmish and ten were injured. Weapons and equipment were seized as well, and the Malian forces did not suffer any casualties. The Malian ministry of defense released a statement on October 30 announcing the deaths of five militants.
# Chaukhandi Stupa

Chaukhandi Stupa is a Buddhist stupa in Sarnath located 8 kilometres from Cantt Railway Station in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The site was declared to be a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India in June 2019.

## History

The Chaukhandi Stupa is thought originally to have been built as a terraced temple during the 7th and 8th centuries to mark the site where Buddha and his first disciples met traveling from Bodh Gaya to Sarnath. Later Govardhan, the son of a Raja Todar Mal, modified the stupa to its present shape by building the octagonal tower to commemorate the visit of Humayun, the Mughal ruler.
Today the stupa is a high earthen mound covered with a brickwork edifice topped by an octagonal tower. It is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India.
| Various plinths at the Chaukhandi Stupa | Close up of Chaukhandi Stupa plinth |
# 1910 in Spain

Events in the year 1910 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Alfonso XIII
* Prime Minister: Segismundo Moret (until February); José Canalejas (from February)

## Events

* 22 May - A general election results in the Liberal Party, under incumbent prime minister Canalejas, being returned to power.
* 20 August - Crime of Cuenca: The disappearance of José María Grimaldos López leads to the arrest and imprisonment of two men. Grimaldos turns up, alive, in 1926.

## Births

* 4 June - Carmen de Gurtubay, noblewoman (died 1959)
* 10 November - Tomás Blanco, film actor (died 1990)
# Orunia Górna-Gdańsk Południe

Orunia Górna-Gdańsk Południe (translated Higher Orunia and Gdańsk South) is the 35th and youngest of the administrative districts (dzielnica administracyjna) of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. It was created on March 24, 2019 by decision of the city council on August 30, 2018.

## Location

From the north, the quarter is bordered by the district of Chełm, from the east by Orunia-Św. Wojciech-Lipce, from the south by the rural gminas Pruszcz Gdański and Kolbudy and from the west by the district of Ujeścisko-Łostowice.
Quarters of Orunia Górna-Gdańsk Południe are:
* Orunia Górna (translated Higher Orunia)
* Maćkowy (German: Matzkau)
* Borkowo (Borgfeld) with
** Cztery Pory Roku (translated Four seasons)
** Moje Marzenie (My dream)
** Os. Kolorowe (Coloured quarter).

## History

In 2010, the fast growing district of Chełm i Gdańsk Południe with a population of about 72,000 has been divided in the districts of Chełm and Ujeścisko-Łostowice. When Chełm reached a population of 51,000, the city council decided for a second division in the smaller district of Chełm and the district Orunia Górna-Gdańsk Południe.
In World War II, a subdivision of Stalag XXB or Stalag 20B Marienburg Danzig was established in the area of this district. Stalags had been German POW camps. Near Matzkau the Strafvollzugslager Danzig-Matzkau, a German prison camp for members of SS and police troops had been erected. Convicts from the camp became members of the Dirlewanger Brigade. Nearby Außenstelle Matzkau, a sub-camp of the Stutthof concentration camp had been established. In 1973, the village of Maćkowy became part of the city of Gdańsk.

## Landmarks

* The modern church św. Jadwigi Królowej in Orunia Górna.
# 1925 in Spain

Events in the year 1925 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Alfonso XIII
* President of the Council of Ministers: Miguel Primo de Rivera

## Events

* 8 May - The final attack in the Rif War is launched by France and Spain, who between them field 123,000 men, supported by 150 aircraft, against 12,000 Rifians.

## Births

* 8 January - Bernardo Ruiz, road bicycle racer
* 11 February - Amparo Rivelles, actress (died 2013)
* 4 June - Antonio Puchades, footballer (died 2014)
* 16 September - Odón Betanzos Palacios, poet, novelist and literary critic (died 2007)
* 26 September - Manuel Izquierdo, sculptor and woodcut artist (died 2009)
* 5 October - Emiliano Aguirre, palaeontologist (died 2021)
* 20 December - Oriol Bohigas, architect and urban planner (died 2021)

### Date unknown

* Serafín Rojo, Spanish cartoon humorist and painter (died 2003)
* Ignacio Sanuy, musicologist, journalist, lawyer, music critic and historian (died 1995)

## Deaths

* 23 September - Miguel Zabalza, Olympic fencer (born 1896).
# 1935 in Spain

Events in the year 1935 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* President: Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
* Prime Minister:
** until 26 September: Alejandro Lerroux
** 26 September-15 December: Joaquín Chapaprieta
** starting 15 December: Manuel Portela Valladares

## Births

* March 30 - Eusebio Ríos, football player and manager (d. 2008)
* May 2 - Luis Suárez, footballer (d. 2023)
* June 30 - Lola Herrera, actress
* August 30 - Felipe Fernández García, Catholic bishop (d. 2012)
* December 2 - José Antonio González Casanova, lawyer and politician (d. 2021)

## Deaths

* 5 March – Roque Ruaño, priest and civil engineer (b. 1877)
* 12 March – Patricio Arabolaza. (b. 1893)
# 1942 in Spain

Events in the year 1942 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Caudillo: Francisco Franco

## Events

* August 16 - Begoña Bombing

## Births

* January 2 - Jesús Glaría, footballer. (died 1978)
* February 4 - Joaquim Rifé, footballer.
* February 9 - Manuel Castells, sociologist.
* February 23 – Rogelio Baón, politician (died 2008)
* February 28 - Bernardo Adam Ferrero, composer (died 2022)
* May 29 – Óscar Alzaga, jurist and politician
* June 1 - Paco Peña, flamenco composer and guitarist
* December 2 - Vicente López Carril, racing cyclist. (died 1980)
* December 14 - Juan Diego, actor. (died 2022)

### Undated

* ** Fernando Martínez Castellano (died 2024), politician
* ** Luis Rodríguez Zúñiga (died 1991), sociologist

## Deaths

* April 26 - Romà Forns.
* June 8 - José Pellicer Gandía. (born 1912)
* Undated
** Agustín Olguera, painter (born 1906)
# 1943 in Spain

Events in the year 1943 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Caudillo: Francisco Franco

## Events

* 14 April: Museum of the History of Barcelona was established

## Births

* 5 January – Ramón Sampedro, writer (died 1998)
* April 4 – Isabel-Clara Simó, journalist and writer (died 2020)
* April 15 – Sticky Vicky, ballet dancer and illusionist (died 2023)
* April 24 – Andrés Gandarias, road bicycle racer (died 2018)
* June 29 – Antoni Torres, footballer (died 2003)
* 12 July – Maite Idirin, singer (died 2024)
* August 5 – José Evangelista, composer (died 2023)
* September 23 – Julio Iglesias, singer-songwriter
* December 15 – Anna Balletbó i Puig, journalist and politician

## Deaths

* April 16 – Carlos Arniches, Spanish playwright (b. 1866)
* July 6 – Nazaria Ignacia March Mesa, Spanish-born Roman Catholic religious sister, canonized (b. 1889)
* July 20 – Maria Gay, Spanish opera singer (b. 1879)
* July 21 – José Jurado de la Parra, Spanish journalist, poet and playwright (b. 1856)
# Faudel-Phillips baronets

The Faudel-Phillips Baronetcy, of Grosvenor Gardens in the Parish of St George Hanover Square in the County of London and of Queen's Gardens, West Brighton, in the County of Sussex, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 27 August 1897 for George Faudel-Phillips, Sheriff of London and Middlesex between 1884 and 1885, High Sheriff of the County of London between 1895 and 1896 and Lord Mayor of London between 1896 and 1897. Born George Phillips, he had assumed the additional surname of Faudel, which was that of his maternal uncle. His father Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips had been Lord Mayor of London between 1865 and 1866. The title became extinct on the death of the 3rd Baronet in 1941. Their families were Jewish emigrants from Germany, Poland, and possibly other countries, and had settled in England in the 1700s and 1800s. The family seat was Balls Park, Hertfordshire. All three holders of the title served as High Sheriff of Hertfordshire.

## Faudel-Phillips baronets, of Grosvenor Gardens and Queen's Gardens (1897)

* Sir George Faudel Faudel-Phillips, GCIE, 1st Baronet (1840–1922), married to Helen Levy
* Sir Benjamin Samuel Faudel-Phillips, 2nd Baronet (1871–1927)
* Sir Lionel Lawson Faudel Faudel-Phillips, 3rd Baronet (1877–1941), married to Armyne Evelyn Gordon, of Scottish, English and some Irish ancestry, daughter of Lord Granville Armyne Gordon (14 June 1856 – 14 June 1907), son of the 10th Marquess of Huntly Chief of Clan Gordon, and wife married Charlotte D'Olier Roe (died 28 May 1900)
# 1978 in Spain

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1978 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Juan Carlos I
* Prime Minister of Spain – Adolfo Suárez

## Events

* 28 February – CEIM organization is formed in Madrid.
* 11 July – Los Alfaques disaster: a truck carrying highly flammable propylene explodes near Los Alfaques seaside campsite killing at least 217 people.
* 22 October – An attack in Getxo by the separatist group ETA kills three people.
* 6 December – Spanish Constitution of 1978 ratified in a referendum.
* 1978 Spanish trade union representative elections

## Births

* 1 July – Alessandra Aguilar, athlete
* 6 August – Iñaki Rueda, Formula One engineer
* 5 November - Xavier Tondó, cyclist (died 2011)

## Deaths

* 7 September – Ricardo Zamora, footballer (born 1901)