# Taiwan Space Agency

Taiwan Space Agency (abbreviated TASA), formerly the National Space Organization (NSPO) from 1991 to 2023, is the national civilian space agency of Taiwan, under the auspices of the National Science and Technology Council. TASA is involved in the development of space technologies and related research.

## Organization

TASA headquarters and the main ground control station are in Hsinchu. In April 2022, the Legislative Yuan passed a bill that upgraded the NSPO to a directly affiliated agency of the National Science and Technology Council, and renamed Taiwan Space Agency. The TASA is organized as follows:
Director General's Office :
| Engineering division | Systems |
| Engineering division | Electrical |
| Engineering division | Mechanical |
| Engineering division | Flight control |
| Engineering division | Satellite operations control |
| Engineering division | Satellite image |
| Engineering division | Integration and test |
| Engineering division | Product assurance |
| Division | Planning and promotion |
| Division | Administration |
| Division | Finance and accounting |
| Program office | Mission oriented projects |
| Program office | Formosat 7 |
| Program office | Formosat 5 |
TASA also has numerous laboratories, such as:
* System Simulation Laboratory
* Thermal Control Laboratory
* Microwave Communication Laboratory
* Data Processing Laboratory
* Attitude Determination and Control Laboratory
* Electro-optics Laboratory
* Structure Development Laboratory
* Electrical Power Laboratory
* Multi-layer Insulation (MLI) Laboratory

## History
### 1991

* 10/03 The Executive Yuan approved the "Space Technology Long Term (15 years) Developmental Program"; established National Space Program Office.

### 1994

* 09/09 Held a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of Satellite Integration & Test Building
* 11/01 Signed a frequency coordination contract with a US company Telecom Strategies
* 12/12 Signed a ground system contract with the US company Allied Signal Technical Service Corponation (ATSC)

### 1996

* 06/30 The completion of the five domestic component engineering model development; start the manufacture of flight unit.

### 1997

* 04/25 Held a FORMOSAT-1 antenna installment ceremony at Tainan National Cheng Kung University.
* 05/16 The Spacecraft Bus was delivered to the Satellite Integration & Test Building of National Space Program Office from Los Angeles, USA
* 07/11 The Vice President Lien officiated the opening ceremony of the Satellite Integration & Test Building.

### 1998

* 06/21 National Science Council announced the result for the "Naming and Drawing Competitions", and finalized that the satellite will be named "FORMOSAT-1"
* 10/07 The completion of FORMOSAT-1 satellite system integration and tests.

### 1999

* 01/27 FORMOSAT-1 was being launched into the orbit and started executing its scientific missions.
* 02/13 The Ocean Color Imager of FORMOSAT-1 took its first ocean color image.
* 03/16 Dr Wong Hung-Chih took on the Director General position of the National Space Program Office.
* 06/30 Held a contract signing ceremony for the FORMOSAT-2 X-band antenna system.
* 12/15 The commencement of the development of FORMOSAT-2.

### 2018

* 02/01 Dr. Chun-Liang Lin took on the Director General position of National Space Organization
* 02/23 President Tsai Meets with FORMOSAT-5 Satellite Team
* 08/03 President of the Executive Yuan Ching-te Lai inspected FORMOSAT-7 preparation
* 09/21 FORMOSAT-5 Imagery Service Begins

### 2019

* 02/21 President Ing-wen Tsai Visited NSPO
* 06/25 FORMOSAT-7 satellites launched into space by SpaceX on Falcon Heavy
* 07/17 FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 successfully observed the first Radio Occultation profile

### 2020

* 03/07 FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 atmospheric data were released
* 04/30 FORMOSAT-3 constellation Completes its Mission with Honor

### 2021

* 01/24 YUSAT and IDEASSAT CubeSats launched
* 02/03 Formosat-7 constellation deployment was completed
* 05/31 "Space Development Act" Passes Legislature's 3rd Reading
* 08/02 professor of NCTU and head of Advanced Rocket Research Center Jong-Shin Wu established as new manager of NSPO
* 09/30 Taiwanese seeds return from space
* 10/27 signs contract on collaboration with NanoAvionics

### 2023

The organization is placed under the direct oversight of the National Science and Technology Council and renamed the Taiwan Space Agency. The Chinese name was not changed.

## Taiwanese rocket launch program

TASA developed sounding rocket based on the Sky Bow II surface-to-air missile with added booster. There have been 10 launches as of 2024, with 9 successful flights.
| Mission | Date | Payload | Result |
| SR-I | 15 December 1998 | None | Successful first test flight |
| SR-II | 24 October 2001 | Tri-Methyl Aluminum (TMA) release experiment | Second stage ignition failure, mission lost |
| SR-III | 24 December 2003 | Tri-Methyl Aluminum (TMA) | Mission successful |
| SR-IV | 14 December 2004 | Airglow photometer, GPS receiver | Mission successful |
| SR-V | 15 January 2006 | Ion probe, 3-axis magnetometer | Mission successful |
| SR-VI | 13 September 2007 | Hydrazine-fueled reaction control system, recovery capsule | Mission successful, capsule lost in the sea due to bad weather conditions |
| SR-VII | 10 May 2010 | Ion probe | Mission successful |
| SR-VIII | 5 June 2013 | Hydrogen peroxide reaction control system, recovery capsule | Mission successful |
| SR-IX | 26 March 2014 | Ion probe | Mission successful |
| SR-X | 7 October 2014 | Ion probe | Mission successful |

## Taiwanese designed and built satellites
### Formosat (formerly ROCSAT)

The FORMOSAT (福爾摩沙衛星) name derived from Formosa and satellite (formerly ROCSAT (中華衛星), an abbreviation of Republic of China and satellite.
* Formosat-1 (formerly ROCSAT-1): Communications and ionospheric research satellite, launched in January 1999.
* Formosat-2 (formerly ROCSAT-2): Ionospheric research and surface mapping satellite, launched May 2004.
* Formosat-3/COSMIC: Constellation of six microsatellites to perform GPS occultation studies of the upper atmosphere. Collaborative project with US agencies including NASA, NOAA and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, launched in April 2006.
* Formosat-5: Optical earth observation and magnetic field research as a successor to the Japanese Reimei mission. Cooperation with Japan and Canada. Launch was originally planned for 2011, it was launched in 2017.
* Formosat-6 was a micro satellite project, its development was cancelled.
* Formosat-7 is a group of 6 satellites in low inclination orbits to provide meteorology data at low and mid latitudes. Launch took place in June 2019.
* Triton, The FORMOSAT-7R (TRITON) is a micro-satellite designed and manufactured by NSPO. It is planned along with the FORMOSAT-7 program, thus it continues to use FORMOSAT serial number and subjoins a letter "R" for identification. Known as the "wind hunter" the satellite will measure sea winds and provide a supplement to the FORMOSAT-7 constellation. The name "Triton" is given due to its mission. Triton was launched on October 8, 2023, by Arianespace SA from the Kourou launch complex in French Guiana. The Triton satellite will be 87% Taiwanese made, an improvement from the Formosat-7's 78%.

### Others

* YamSat: Series of picosatellites (volume 1000 cubic cm, weight roughly 850 grams) designed to carry out simple short duration spectroscopy missions. Originally planned for launch in 2003 by a Russian launch vehicle but cancelled due to political pressure from the Russian government.
* Arase: JAXA mission to study the inner magnetosphere, launched 2016. Taiwan provided an instrument.
* RISESAT: microsatellite developed by Tohoku University, Japan, launched in 2019. Taiwan provided an instrument.
* Flying Squirrel, developed by National Central University and launched in 2021.
* Yushan, developed by MoGaMe Mobile Entertainment and launched in 2021.

### Planned missions

* Triton, The FORMOSAT-7R (TRITON) is a micro-satellite designed and manufactured by NSPO. It is planned along with the FORMOSAT-7 program, thus it continues to use FORMOSAT serial number and subjoins a letter "R" for identification. Known as the "wind hunter" the satellite will measure sea winds and provide a supplement to the FORMOSAT-7 constellation. The name "Triton" is given due to its mission. Triton is to be launched in 2021 by Arianespace SA from the Kourou launch complex in French Guiana. The Triton satellite will be 87% Taiwanese made, an improvement from the Formosat-7's 78%.
* Formosat-8, remote sensing satellite planned to follow Triton.
* Formosat-8B, a remote sensing satellite. It also has a science payload called Gamma-ray Transients Monitor(GTM). It is the first astronomical satellite by TASA.
* Nut, developed by National Formosa University. To be launched in June 2021.

## Developments and long term plans

The first phase of Taiwan's space program involves the development of the human and technological resources required to build and maintain three satellite programs, which is expected to be completed with the launch of Formosat-3/COSMIC by the end of 2005. Currently, the spacecraft and instrumentation are designed and assembled in Taiwan by local and foreign corporations and shipped to the U.S. for launch by commercial space launch firms. TASA, the military, and Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology have also been working on the development of a sounding rocket for upper atmospheric studies.
The second phase is scheduled to take place between 2006 and 2018. It will involve an emphasis on developing technological integration and miniaturization capabilities required for the development of constellations of microsatellites, as well as encouraging growth in the local aerospace industry.
Since 2009, TASA has been working with university research teams in developing innovative technology to improve the overall efficiency of hybrid rockets. Nitrous oxide/HTPB propellant systems were employed with efficiency boosting designs, which resulted in great improvements in hybrid rocket performance using two patented designs. So far, several hybrid rockets have been successfully launched to 10~20 km altitudes, including a demonstration of in-flight stops/restarts. By the end of 2014, they will attempt conducting suborbital experiments to 100~200 km altitude.
There have been proposals to elevate NSPO's status to that of a national research institute, however such plans were under debate Legislative Yuan as of late 2007.
In 2019 the Ministry of Science and Technology announced an expected cost of NT$25.1 billion (US$814 million) for the third phase of the National Space Program. The third phase will see at least one satellite launched per year between 2019 and 2028.
In August 2019 Thailand's Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency announced that they would consult with TASA on developing their own indigenous satellites.
In 2021 the Taiwanese legislature passed the Space Development Promotion Act which is meant to incentivize increased private sector participation in space industries.