OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Challenger Tenis Club Argentino

The Challenger Tenis Club Argentino is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour. It is held in Buenos Aires, Argentina since 2022. The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in Villa Allende but was moved to Buenos Aires due to operational issues at the venue in Villa Allende.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2024 (2) | Facundo Bagnis | Mariano Navone | 7–5, 1–6, 7–5 |
| 2024 (1) | Gonzalo Bueno | Dmitry Popko | 6–4, 2–6, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |
| 2023 | Thiago Seyboth Wild | Luciano Darderi | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 2022 | Francisco Comesaña | Mariano Navone | 6–4, 6–0 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2024 (2) | João Fonseca Pedro Sakamoto | Jakob Schnaitter Mark Wallner | 6–2, 6–2 |
| 2024 (1) | Arklon Huertas del Pino Conner Huertas del Pino | Max Houkes Lukas Neumayer | 6–3, 3–6, [10–6] |
| 2023 | Francisco Comesaña Thiago Seyboth Wild | Hernán Casanova Santiago Rodríguez Taverna | 6–3, 6–7$^{(5–7)}$, [10–6] |
| 2022 | Arklon Huertas del Pino Conner Huertas del Pino | Matías Franco Descotte Alejo Lorenzo Lingua Lavallén | 7–5, 4–6, [11–9] |
# Herman Shaw

Dr Herman Shaw (1892 – 4 May 1950) was a British geophysicist who was Director of the Science Museum in London, England.
He was a founder member of the British Society for the History of Science in 1947.

## Books

* Applied Geophysics, H.M.S.O. for the Science Museum (London), 3rd edition, 1938.
# Gary Eave

Gary Louis Eave (born July 22, 1963) is an American former professional pitcher for the Atlanta Braves (1988–1989) and Seattle Mariners (1990).

## College baseball

Gary played two years of Division I NCAA baseball for the Grambling State Tigers where he had a 75% win percentage, winning 18 of his 24 games. He gave up 0 home runs and struck out 157 batters in his 172.2 innings with the Tigers.

## Professional career
### Atlanta Braves

Gary Eave was drafted in the 12th round of the 1985 MLB draft to the Atlanta Braves. After being drafted, he was placed on the Braves rookie team, the Gulf Coast Braves, where he played 3 games before being moved up to the Sumter Braves, a Class A team in 1986. In 1988, Eave played his first MLB season with the Braves. His first game was against the Houston Astros, who had Nolan Ryan on the mound. Eave would only pitch 2 innings of this game and the team would go on to lose 3–8. Eave pitched a total of 5 games and only 5 innings in his first MLB season. In 1990, Eave was traded to the Seattle Mariners.

### Seattle Mariners

After being traded to the Mariners, Eave spent some time playing for the Calgary Cannons, Seattle's AAA team. During his time with the Cannons, he had a 3–3 win-loss record and a 7.82 earned run average (ERA). Gary wore number 37 in his only season with the Seattle Mariners. During this time, he had a 0–3 win-loss record and an ERA of 4.20. Eave then bounced around between AA and AAA teams before being cut from the team before the 1992 season.
# Patrick Shaw (diplomat)

Sir Patrick Shaw CBE (18 September 1913 – 27 December 1975) was an Australian public servant and diplomat.
Shaw joined the Department of External Affairs in 1939. He worked in the Department's political section until 1941 when he was sent on his first overseas posting as third secretary in Australia's Tokyo legation. Shaw and other legation staff were taken as prisoners of war when war broke out.
In 1973, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam announced Shaw's appointment as Ambassador to the United States. While in the role, Shaw suffered a fatal heart attack. He died on 27 December 1975. Ambassador Shaw's wife, Lady Shaw, was a victim of a street attack in Washington, D.C., for which she received ex gratia remuneration from the United States Government.
Shaw's daughter, Karina Campbell (née Shaw) followed her father in working in the Australian diplomatic service. Karina Campbell joined the then-Department of External Affairs in 1963 and later held a range of senior positions in the Department.
# Gyula Gál

Gyula Gál (born 18 August 1976 in Várpalota) is a retired Hungarian handball player.
He made his international debut on 15 March 1999 against France.
Gál suffered a torn knee ligament in April 2009 and since then he was struggling to fight back into the first team of MKB Veszprém KC and was also missing from the national team selection. To get more playing minutes and to win back his form, he was loaned to Tatabánya KC in October 2010.
However, this loan spell was cut short as he was signed by RK Zagreb in January 2010. The Croatian side was in need of a line player, as Frank Løke has been suspended for nine months by the European Handball Federation for signing a contract with both Skjern and Zagreb at the same time, and first choice pivot Igor Vori moved to HSV Hamburg during the summer transfer window. Gál's contract runs till June 2012.

## Achievements

* Nemzeti Bajnokság I:
** Winner: 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009
** Silver Medallist: 1998, 1999, 2001, 2007
* Magyar Kupa:
** Winner: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009
** Silver Medallist: 2006, 2008
* Prva hrvatska rukometna liga:
** Winner: 2010
* Hrvatski rukometni kup:
** Winner: 2010
* EHF Champions League:
** Semifinalist: 2002
** Quarterfinalst: 2003, 2006
* EHF Cup Winners' Cup:
** Winner: 2008
** Finalist: 2000
* EHF Champions Trophy:
** Finalist: 2002, 2008
** Third Placed: 2000

## Individual awards

* Hungarian Handballer of the Year: 2006
# Andriy Shevchenko (disambiguation)

Andriy Shevchenko (born 1976) is a Ukrainian football manager and former player.
Andriy Shevchenko may also refer to:
* Andrey Shevchenko (politician) (born 1965), Russian politician
* Andriy Shevchenko (politician) (born 1976), Ukrainian journalist, politician and ambassador.
# Suprapleural membrane

The suprapleural membrane, eponymously known as Sibson's fascia, is a structure described in human anatomy.
It is named for Francis Sibson.

## Anatomy

It refers to a thickening of connective tissue that covers the apex of each human lung. It is an extension of the endothoracic fascia that exists between the parietal pleura and the thoracic cage. Sibson muscular part is originated from scalenus minimus muscle. Fascial part is originated from Endothoracic Fascia. It attaches to the internal border of the first rib and the transverse processes of vertebra C7. It extends approximately an inch more superiorly than the superior thoracic aperture, because the lungs themselves extend higher than the top of the ribcage.

## Clinical significance

* The function of the suprapleural membrane is to protect the apex of the lung (as some of the part which extends outside the rib cage) and to protect the cervical fascia. This helps in resisting intrathoracic pressure changes therefore preventing inflation and deflation of the neck during expiration and inspiration respectively and also providing rigidity to the thoracic inlet.
* Herniation of the cervical fascia may result due to injury to suprapleural membrane.
** "The thoracic duct traverses Sibson's Fascia of the thoracic-inlet up to the level of C7 before turning around and emptying into the left (major) duct. The right (minor duct) only traverses the thoracic inlet once."
# Toxicodendron vernicifluum

Toxicodendron vernicifluum (formerly Rhus verniciflua), also known by the common name Chinese lacquer tree, is an Asian tree species of genus Toxicodendron native to China and the Indian subcontinent, and cultivated in regions of China, Japan and Korea. Other common names include Japanese lacquer tree, Japanese sumac, and varnish tree. The trees are cultivated and tapped for their toxic sap, which is used as a highly durable lacquer to make Chinese, Japanese, and Korean lacquerware.
The trees grow up to 20 metres tall with large leaves, each containing from 7 to 19 leaflets (most often 11–13). The sap contains the allergenic compound urushiol, which gets its name from this species' Japanese name urushi (urushi (漆)); "urushi" is also used in English as a collective term for all kinds of Asian lacquerware made from the sap of this and related Asian tree species, as opposed to European "lacquer" or Japanning made from other materials. Urushiol is also the oil found in poison ivy and poison oak that causes a rash.

## Uses
### Lacquer

Sap, containing urushiol (an allergenic irritant), is tapped from the trunk of the Chinese lacquer tree to produce lacquer. This is done by cutting 5 to 10 horizontal lines on the trunk of a 10-year-old tree, and then collecting the greyish yellow sap that exudes. The sap is then filtered, heat-treated, or coloured before applying onto a base material that is to be lacquered. Curing the applied sap requires "drying" it in a warm, humid chamber or closet for 12 to 24 hours where the urushiol polymerizes to form a clear, hard, and waterproof surface. In its liquid state, urushiol can cause extreme rashes, even from vapours. Once hardened, reactions are possible but less common.
Products coated with lacquer are recognizable by an extremely durable and glossy finish. Lacquer has many uses; some common applications include tableware, musical instruments, fountain pens, jewelry, and bows for archery. There are various types of lacquerware. The cinnabar-red is highly regarded. Unpigmented lacquer is dark brown but the most common colors of urushiol finishes are black and red, from powdered iron oxide pigments of ferrous-ferric oxide (magnetite) and ferric oxide (rust), respectively. Lacquer is painted on with a brush and is cured in a warm and humid environment.
The leaves, seeds, and the resin of the Chinese lacquer tree are sometimes used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of internal parasites and for stopping bleeding. Compounds butein and sulfuretin are antioxidants, and have inhibitory effects on aldose reductase and advanced glycation processes.
Buddhist monks who practiced the art of Sokushinbutsu would use the tree's sap in their ceremony.

### Wax

The fruits of T. vernicifluum can also be processed to produce a waxy substance known as Japan wax used for numerous purposes including varnishing furniture and producing candles. The fruits of the trees are harvested, dried, steamed, and pressed to extract the wax, which hardens when cooled.
# Appaloosa (novel)

Appaloosa (2005) is a novel set in the American Old West written by Robert B. Parker. A film of the same name based on the novel was released in 2008. Parker published a sequel, Resolution, in June 2008, and a third novel featured the characters of Virgil Cole and Everett Hitch, Brimstone, in May 2009. A fourth and final book in the series—Blue-Eyed Devil—was published in 2010 shortly before Parker's death.

## Plot

Virgil Cole and Everett Hitch ride into the lawless town of Appaloosa and are instantly seen for what they are, town tamers.
# Ismat Jahan

Ismat Jahan (born 3 June 1960) is a Bangladeshi diplomat who is currently serving as the permanent observer of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation to the European Union. From 2009 to 2016, she was the ambassador of Bangladesh to Belgium, Luxembourg and the European Union and from 2007 to 2009, she was the ambassador and permanent representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations.

## Education

A career diplomat of the 1982 batch of Bangladesh Civil Service (foreign affairs) cadre, Jahan had her education in the University of Dhaka with an honours and a master's in economics.
Later, Jahan did her MA in law and diplomacy from The Fletcher School, Tufts University. She was also a fellow in the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University in the United States.

## Career

During her diplomatic career, Jahan served in various capacities at Bangladesh's Foreign Affairs Ministry as well as missions abroad including Bangladesh's permanent missions in New York City and Geneva, and High Commission in New Delhi. She was Bangladesh's ambassador to the Netherlands (2005–2007).
Following her appointment as ambassador to the Netherlands, Jahan served as permanent representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations. She was the first woman permanent representative of Bangladesh to the UN.
From 2009 to 2016, Jahan served as the Bangladesh ambassador to Belgium, Luxembourg and head of mission to the European Union.
In 2010, Jahan was elected as member of the UN Committee on Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW).
In July 2016, she was appointed as the head the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)'s Permanent Observer Mission to the European Union. In her role, Jahan contributes to raising awareness to anti-Muslim and antisemitic hate speech, including of hate speech on social media.

## Personal life

Jahan is married to Johannes den Heijer, a Dutch professor of Arabic language and literature at the Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium. Under a rule dating back to 1976, Bangladesh foreign ministry officials were not allowed to marry foreign nationals. The law was amended in 2008, following a request by Jahan to marry den Heijer.
# Dusky-capped flycatcher

The dusky-capped flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer) is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds in forest and other woodland from southern Arizona, as well as the Chisos Mountains, Texas, south to northern Argentina and on Trinidad. It is resident in most of its range, but American breeders retreat to Mexico in winter.
Adult dusky-capped flycatchers are 18 cm (7.1 in) long and weigh 19.4 g (0.68 oz). The upperparts are brown, with a blackish head and short crest. The breast is grey and the belly is bright yellow. The brown tail feathers and wings have paler outer webs. The sexes are similar, but young birds have rufous edgings to the wings and tail.
The dusky-capped flycatcher is best separated from other confusingly similar Myiarchus species by its smaller size, blackish head, and its call, a sorrowful, descending, whistled peeur or wheeeeeu.
This species is insectivorous and catches its prey by flycatching amongst the middle branches of trees. Fruits such as from gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba), and less frequently from Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae) are sometimes also eaten, particularly in winter. The nest is built in a tree cavity, and the normal clutch is three brown-marked buff eggs. The young fledge 13 days after hatching.
# Redgoszcz

Redgoszcz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wągrowiec, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) east of Wągrowiec and 53 km (33 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Jani Leinonen

Jani Leinonen (born 22 March 1978 in Hyvinkää) is a Finnish visual artist. Leinonen is known for his public artworks criticising capitalism by using the imagery and icons of corporate brands. He graduated from the Helsinki Academy of Fine Arts in 2002.

## Artworks and controversies

In January 2011, Leinonen led a group calling themselves the "Food Liberation Army". The group stole a life-size statue of Ronald McDonald from a Helsinki McDonald's restaurant, and posted videos on their website threatening to "decapitate" the clown if McDonald's would not answer questions about its ethics. However, McDonald's refused to "negotiate with criminals", and the Finnish police raided Leinonen's home, arresting two people and seizing cell phones and computers.
In June 2014, Leinonen's Budapest pop-up installation "Hunger King" criticized Hungary's law that banned homeless people from sleeping in public areas. The installation imitated a Burger King restaurant.
In December 2014, a Tokyo gallery removed Hello Kitty and Doraemon-branded shoes that were a part of Leinonen's exhibition satirising copyright laws.
In 2015, Leinonen was one of the artists invited to the temporary art project Dismaland organised by street artist Banksy.
In January 2019, Leinonen's artwork "McJesus", a crucified Ronald McDonald, caused a riot in Haifa, Israel. Hundreds of Christian protesters gathered by the Haifa Museum of Art throwing stones at the police, as they were blocked from entering the museum to remove the statue. Leinonen stated that he asked the Museum to remove it in September 2018 but his request was denied, and his art piece was being displayed against his wishes. The Museum staff contacted Leinonen prior to opening the exhibition, asking for the work, and he referred them to the Zetterberg Gallery, which owns the work. The gallery loaned the statue to the museum. It was reported that after Leinonen's request for its removal, the museum contacted the gallery and received approval from them to continue exhibiting the artwork.
In 2023 McJesus was exhibited in The Museu de l’Art Prohibit (Museum of Forbidden Art) in Barcelona in an exhibition devoted to previously censored art.
# Sulaiman Abdulghafour

Sulaiman Abdulghafour (Arabic: سليمان عبد الغفور) is a Kuwaiti footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Al Arabi SC and Kuwait national team.
# Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva

Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva is the representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations offices in Geneva.

## History

In 1975, after the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in the 15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état, Shah AMS Kibria, was appointed the Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva.
Debapriya Bhattacharya was appointed the Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva in September 2007 by the Fakruddin Ahmed led Caretaker government. In December 2008, Bhattacharya resigned from the post of Permanent Representative. Ismat Jahan was appointed the Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva and served till June 2009 when she was appointed the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Belgium.
Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva, Md Abdul Hannan, was elected the chair of International Organisation for Migration in November 2012.
Md Mustafizur Rahman was appointed the Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva in May 2020. Rahman was appointed the High Commissioner of Bangladesh to India in July 2022. Rahman signed the Marrakesh Treaty to the World Intellectual Property Organization on behalf of Bangladesh.
In June 2024, Tareq Md Ariful Islam was appointed the Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United Nations Office in Geneva. He was also accredited as the Ambassador of Bangladesh to Switzerland and was previously the High Commissioner of Bangladesh to Australia.
# Australian Middleweight Championship

The Australian Middleweight Championship was a national Australian professional wrestling championship and was the first Middleweight Championship in Australia.

## Title history

| Wrestler: | Times: | Date won: | Location: | Notes: |
| Albert Hertel | 1 | | Melbourne | |
| Hughie Whitman | 1 | | Melbourne | Also billed as Australasian champion. |
| Anton Koolman | 1 | | Melbourne | |
| Hughie Whitman | 2 | | Melbourne | |
| Jim Deakin | 1 | 9 May 1931 | Sydney | Defeats Jack Haymon |
| VACANT | 1 | | Sydney | Deakin retired |
| Dick Cameron | 1 | 8 June 1935 | Sydney | |
| Sammy Rogers | 1 | 30 May 1936 | Sydney | |
| Dick Cameron | 2 | 27 May 1939 | Sydney | |
| INACTIVE | 1 | | Sydney | |
| Ray Greenfield | 1 | 28 February 1953 | Sydney | Defeats Len Holt |
| John Morrow | 1 | 17 August 1955 | Sydney | |
| Lenny Holt | 1 | 2 April 1957 | Sydney | Title retired in 1960 |
# Curt von Bardeleben

Curt Carl Alfred von Bardeleben (4 March 1861 – 31 January 1924) was a German chess master, journalist, and member of the German nobility.

## Biography

Curt von Bardeleben started playing chess when he was ten years old and quickly developed into one of the strongest players in Weimar. Originally a student of law, Bardeleben gave it up in order to become a professional chess player. He later quit competitive chess for four years between 1883 and 1887 to complete his law studies. He recorded some fine tournament results, especially in the 1880s and 1890s. Although his later chess career was spotty, he continued to be a strong player. In 1908 he lost a match to future world champion Alexander Alekhine, who described him as "a charming old chap" but also said he lacked the will to win. Bardeleben was married three times in the early 1900s, supposedly to women who wanted his title of nobility. He was described thus by Edward Lasker:
   He always wore a black cut-away suit of dubious vintage. Apparently he could never spare enough money to buy a new suit, although I learned one day that at fairly regular intervals he received comparatively large sums – from one to several thousand marks – through the simple expedient of marrying, and shortly after, divorcing, some lady who craved the distinction of his noble name and was willing to pay for it. Unfortunately, when he received his reward, it was usually far exceeded by the amount of the debts he had accumulated since his last divorce. Evil tongues had it that the number of the ladies involved in these brief marital interludes had grown so alarmingly that they could easily have made up a Sultan's harem.
Bardeleben tied for first place with Fritz Riemann at Leipzig 1888, tied for first place with Carl August Walbrodt at Kiel 1893, was first at Berlin (SV Centrum) 1897, and tied for first place with Carl Schlechter and Rudolf Swiderski at Coburg 1904. He edited the magazine Deutsche Schachzeitung from 1887 through 1891. Bardeleben seemingly committed suicide by jumping out of a window in 1924. According to one obituary, however, he fell out by accident. His life and death have been cited as an inspiration for the main character in the novel The Defense by Vladimir Nabokov, which was made into the movie The Luzhin Defence.

## Game vs. Steinitz

Bardeleben is perhaps best known for the game he lost to the former world champion Wilhelm Steinitz at Hastings 1895, especially because he simply walked out of the tournament room instead of resigning. Although he was sharing the second place in the tournament before this game (7.5 in 9 rounds, Mikhail Chigorin had the lead with 8), he achieved only 4 points in the final 12 rounds. The game against Steinitz:
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Nf6 5. d4 exd4 6. cxd4 Bb4+ 7. Nc3 d5 8. exd5 Nxd5 9. O-O Be6 10. Bg5 Be7 11. Bxd5 Bxd5 12. Nxd5 Qxd5 13. Bxe7 Nxe7 14. Re1 f6 15. Qe2 Qd7 16. Rac1 c6 17. d5 cxd5 18. Nd4 Kf7 19. Ne6 Rhc8 20. Qg4 g6 21. Ng5+ Ke8 22. Rxe7+ Kf8 23. Rf7+ Kg8 24. Rg7+ 1-0