OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts

The Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts at the Presidential Convocation and Groundbreaking for the Robert Frost Library is a speech delivered by United States President John F. Kennedy about the arts and liberal education in honor of the American poet Robert Frost to the students and faculty of Amherst College, a liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, on October 26, 1963. Kennedy was assassinated 27 days after delivering the speech. The speech marked the dedication of the Robert Frost Memorial Library at Amherst College, Frost had died in January 1963.

## Background

Kennedy and his military escorts arrived at Amherst's Memorial Field in three helicopters at 11:30 am. Kennedy and the poet Archibald MacLeish were awarded honorary Doctor of Law degrees by Plimpton at the convocation ceremony. Kennedy and MacLeish both gave speeches. at the ceremony. Following the ceremony Kennedy rode to the groundbreaking event for the new Robert Frost Memorial Library in an open-topped motorcade with the President of Amherst College, Calvin Plimpton.
MacLeish said in his speech that "The people of this countryside may forget in ordinary human course what anyone says on this occasion, but they will remember, for many, many years that a young and gallant President of the United States, with the weight of history heavy upon his shoulders, somehow found time to come to our small corner of the world to talk of books and men and learning".
Supporters of Kennedy's position on civil rights held a silent vigil in front of the Kirby Theatre.
The event attracted wide media coverage. 130 members of the media were in attendance with 40 members of the White House Press staff and 70 technicians.
A documentary film, JFK: The Last Speech, was made in 2018 about the speech and Kennedy's visit to Amherst.

## The speech

Kennedy's speech was 15 minutes in length.
The JFK Library wrote that Kennedy spoke of the "role of the artist in society" the "nature of strength and power" and the "importance of public service from educated citizens". Kennedy spoke of Robert Frost's life in American poetry and his contributions to American culture.
Kennedy said that "When power leads men towards arrogance, poetry reminds him of his limitations. When power narrows the areas of man's concern, poetry reminds him of the richness and diversity of existence. When power corrupts, poetry cleanses".
# Jarčina

The Jarčina (Serbian: Јарчина) is a system of rivers and canals in the Srem region of Vojvodina province of Serbia with a total length of 53 km, which empties into the Sava river. The system includes the Međeš river-Jarčina Galovica canal-Progarska Jarčina course.

## Međeš

The upper section of the system is the natural flow of the 27 km-long Međeš river. It originates from the Iriški Venac peak on the eastern slopes of the Fruška Gora mountain, at an altitude of 480 m. The Međeš flows to the south, next to the Grgeteg monastery and the villages of Šatrinci, Dobrodol and Žarkovac and receives many smaller streams flowing down from the Fruška Gora. At the village of Putinci, the river makes a small elbow turn and at the village of Donji Petrovci, receives the Šelovrnac river from the right and enters the channeled section of its flow, at an altitude of 90 m.

## Jarčina-Galovica

Initially, the canal splits in two direction, the Jarkovačka Jarčina and Jarčina-Galovica canals. The former flows to the west into the Sava river at the village of Jarak, east of the town of Sremska Mitrovica. The latter continues to the south for 4 km, next to the villages of Popinci before it crosses the Galovica canal at the village of Prhovo.

## Progarska Jarčina

From that point, the 22 km-long canal is known as the Progarska Jarčina. It receives the Krivaja river from the left and at the village of Ašanja, north of the Obedska bara bog, the canal turns east and leaves Vojvodina and enters the Belgrade City area, where it empties into the Sava at the village of Progar (municipality of Surčin), at an altitude of 70 m. In this section, the canal flows through the Podlužje sub-region of the region of Srem, next to the Živača lake and swamp, used for the Boljevci fish pond. The canal also marks the western border of the Belgrade's marshy forest of Bojčinska šuma.
# 1920 in Spain

Events in the year 1920 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Alfonso XIII
* President of the Council of Ministers: Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar (until 5 May), Eduardo Dato (starting 5 May)

## Deaths

* January 4 - Benito Pérez Galdós, author (b. 1843)
* Raimundo de Madrazo y Garreta, painter (b. 1841)
# Yichida Ndlovu

Yichida Ndlovu is the first female to become a commercial pilot in Zambia.

## Education

After completing her secondary school education at Ibenga Girls in 1976, in 1977 she gained admission to the School of Natural Sciences at the University of Zambia. Prior to that, she underwent six month training at the Zambia National Service youth training programme.

## Career

She was first employed as a pilot at Roan Air in 1981. She worked there till 1991, before joining the Zambian government. As of 2013, she is known to be working for the Ministry of Communications, Transport, Works and Supply, where she has been seconded to the Zambia Flying Doctor Service in Ndola.

## Personal life

She is married to Enock Ndlovu, and is a mother of three children.
# Zacatecas International Airport

Zacatecas International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Zacatecas); officially Aeropuerto Internacional General Leobardo C. Ruiz (General Leobardo C. Ruiz International Airport) (IATA: ZCL, ICAO: MMZC) is an international airport situated in Calera de Victor Rosales, Zacatecas, Mexico. It manages national and international air traffic in the metropolitan area of Zacatecas and the entire state of Zacatecas. In addition to commercial flights to Mexico and the United States, it also supports various tourism, flight training, executive, and general aviation activities. Operated by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte (OMA), the airport is named in honor of Leobardo C. Ruiz, a military and diplomatic figure. In 2023, the airport handled 443,582 passengers, decreasing to 371,280 in 2024.

## Facilities

The airport is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of the city center, at an elevation of 2,177 metres (7,142 ft) above sea level. It is equipped with one runway measuring 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) in length. The apron has four stands capable of accommodating narrow-body aircraft.
In 2010, 25 million pesos were invested in the airport to add a new 1,200 square meter international wing and remodel the domestic area.
The passenger terminal provides a range of services typical of a regional airport, including check-in facilities for both domestic and international flights, a VIP lounge, parking areas, car rental services, taxi stands, and a departure concourse with four gates offering direct access to the apron, allowing passengers to board their planes by walking to the aircraft.
Additionally, the airport hosts logistics and courier companies and features a dedicated general aviation terminal supporting various activities such as tourism, flight training, executive aviation, and general aviation.

## Airlines and destinations
### Passenger

| Airlines | Destinations |
| Aeroméxico Connect | Mexico City |
| American Eagle | Dallas/Fort Worth |
| Volaris | Chicago–Midway, Los Angeles, Oakland (begins July 2, 2025), San Jose (CA), Tijuana |

### Airlines previously flying to ZCL

* Airlines
* Aeromar, Aviacsa, Avolar, Azteca͵ Continental Express, Delta Air Lines, Interjet, Mexicana, MexicanaClick, MexicanaLink, and TAESA

## Statistics
### Busiest routes

Busiest routes from Zacatecas International Airport (2023) :
| Rank | City | Passengers | Airline |
| 1 | Baja California, Tijuana | 82,806 | Volaris |
| 2 | Mexico City, Mexico City | 49,278 | Aeroméxico Connect |
| 3 | United States, Chicago-Midway | 33,175 | Volaris |
| 4 | United States, Los Angeles | 29,877 | Volaris |
| 5 | United States, San Jose (CA) | 12,877 | Volaris |
| 6 | United States, Dallas/Fort Worth | 11,632 | American Eagle |
# Liyanage

Liyanage may refer to:
* A. S. P. Liyanage, Sri Lankan businessman, television and film producer, and diplomat
* Athma Liyanage, Sri Lankan singer and songwriter
* Dayantha Liyanage, MBE, FMS, MCMI, Sri Lankan born British politician and management consultant
* Douglas Liyanage, CCS, former Sri Lankan civil servant
* Dulip Liyanage (born 1972), former Sri Lankan cricketer
* E. P. B. Liyanage, CEng, psc, MRAeS, FIE(SL), retired officer of the Sri Lanka Air Force
* Grashan Liyanage (born 1963), Sri Lankan former first-class cricketer
* Hemasiri Liyanage, Sri Lankan television, cinema and theatre actor
* Himasha Liyanage (born 1996), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Imal Liyanage (born 1977), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Imal Liyanage (born 1994), Sri Lankan-born cricketer for Qatar
* Indrachapa Liyanage (born 1982), Sri Lankan singer
* Janith Liyanage (born 1995), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Nadeeka Lakmali Babaranda Liyanage (born 1981), Sri Lankan javelin thrower
* Saumya Liyanage, Sri Lankan actor
* Parry Liyanage, Sri Lankan military officer, athlete and coach
* Srimath Indrajith Liyanage, television, music and literary personality in Sri Lanka
* Sumith Liyanage (born 1936), Ceylonese sportsman
* Upul Liyanage, one of the veteran media officials in Sri Lanka
# YWCA (Muncie, Indiana)

YWCA is a historic YWCA building located at Muncie, Delaware County, Indiana. It was built in 1925, and is a three-story, five bay by three bay, restrained Colonial Revival style brick building with limestone detailing. It has swimming pool in the basement, meeting and recreation rooms on the first floor, and sleeping rooms on the second and third floors.$^{:62–64}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# Kout na Šumavě

Kout na Šumavě (German: Kauth) is a municipality and village in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Kout na Šumavě lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Domažlice, 48 km (30 mi) south-west of Plzeň, and 128 km (80 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Kout na Šumavě consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Kout na Šumavě (1,008)
* Nový Dvůr (26)
* Starý Dvůr (15)
# 2001 New Zealand National Party leadership election

The New Zealand National Party leadership election was an election for the National leadership position in 2001.

## Background

In October 2001, after months of speculation, Jenny Shipley resigned as leader of the National Party after being told she no longer had the support of the party caucus. Bill English was elected as her replacement unopposed (with Roger Sowry as his deputy), and consequently became Leader of the Opposition. However, he did not openly organise against Shipley, and according to The Southland Times "there was almost an element of 'aw, shucks, I'll do it then' about Mr English's ascension".
Aged 39 when he was elected, English became the second-youngest leader in the National Party's history, after Jim McLay (who was 38 when elected in 1984). He also became only the third Southlander to lead a major New Zealand political party, after Joseph Ward and Adam Hamilton.
# Biogen UK

Biogen (UK) Ltd is a leading UK owner and operator of anaerobic digestion and composting plants based in Bedfordshire. It is responsible for the construction of 22 plants to date and currently operates Nineteen anaerobic digestion plants (12 Food Waste and 7 Agricultural Plants) in England, Scotland and Wales.

## History

Biogen's anaerobic digestion business was established in 2005 with investment from Bedfordia Group. The company's Twinwoods anaerobic digestion (AD) plant, at Milton Ernest in Bedfordshire was completed in 2006 to recycle food waste along with animal slurry from Bedfordia Farms. In 2008 Biogen acquired technology and engineering company Greenfinch Ltd. Greenfinch was set up in 1993, initially constructing AD plants for the waste water industry and for farmers as a form of managing their livestock waste. In 2012 Biogen secured £24m of investment from construction, property and services company Kier Group, making them joint venture partners alongside Bedfordia Group.
Since 2006 Biogen's main focus has been on providing a sustainable food waste treatment service for local authorities, retailers, pubs, restaurants, hotels, offices and food manufacturers. The company employs over 150 people across the UK and has its head office in Milton Ernest, Bedfordshire. In April 2017 the company was bought for an undisclosed sum by Ancala Bioenergy Ltd, an infrastructure investment vehicle managed by Ancala Partners LLP, to provide an established platform for Ancala to expand into the waste-to-energy sector.

## Operations

Biogen's AD plants recycle 550,000 tonnes of organic waste each year and can generate 25MW of green electricity for the national grid. The anaerobic digestion process also produces is a liquid rich in nitrogen, potash, phosphate and other trace elements that can be stored on site until spreading time and returned to the land as a nutrient rich biofertiliser to grow more crops, completing a closed loop system.

## Anaerobic digestion plants

Biogen's plants are located in Bedfordshire, Bromley, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, Lincolnshire, North Somerset Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Sussex, Warwickshire, Denbighshire, Caernarfon Rhondda Cynon Taf and Midlothian
# George Sherman Carter

George Sherman Carter (1911–1998) is an African American physicist known for being one of the few African-American scientists working on the Manhattan Project at Columbia University. While not much information is available about his career following the Manhattan Project, he did become a member of The American Association of Scientific Workers, an organization founded in the 1930s that consisted of scientists and engineers who were interested in the social and ethical implications of science and technology. The association was particularly active in discussing issues like the role of science in war, social justice, and public policy, and it had a progressive political stance. Which seems to be fitting as he was a part of The Manhattan Project.

## Early life and education

George Sherman Carter was born on May 10, 1911, in Gloucester County, Virginia. He is among four boys and one girl, and he was born to George Peter and Emily Maude Carter. In 1940, he earned his Bachelor of Science in Biology from Lincoln University. While at the university, he actively participated in various extracurriculars, including joining the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, contributing to the track team, and participating in the New York Club and the Wissenschaft Verein (Science Club). From there, he began studying at Columbia University Teachers College and later on the City of New York College.

## Career

Carter later wed Kathleen Francis, and together they had a daughter named Beverly Kathleen. In 1943, George Sherman Carter was employed by Columbia University in New York to collaborate with the University of Chicago on research into nuclear fission. This initiative, orchestrated by the Army Corps of Engineers, was a part of the renowned Manhattan Project that led to the development of the first atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project was a secret World War II effort by the U.S., UK, and Canada to develop the first atomic bombs, responding to fears of Nazi Germany's nuclear ambitions. Led by the U.S., it united top scientists and military to produce the bombs, which were later used on Japan, hastening the war's end. He was among the limited number of African Americans scientists involved in the project. While there, Carter was employed under Nobel laureate Isidor Rabi. Following the conclusion of the Manhattan Project, Carter and his family continued to reside in Harlem. He became deeply involved in the community, playing an essential role. Initially, he participated actively in the Abyssinian Baptist Church, but later he transitioned to the Unity Church, both located in Harlem.
# HipHop for PHP

HipHop for PHP (HPHPc) is a discontinued PHP transpiler created by Facebook. By using HPHPc as a source-to-source compiler, PHP code is translated into C++, compiled into a binary and run as an executable, as opposed to the PHP's usual execution path of PHP code being transformed into opcodes and interpreted. HPHPc consists mainly of C++, C and PHP source codes, and it is free and open-source software distributed under the PHP License.
The original motivation behind HipHop was to save resources on Facebook servers, given the large PHP codebase of facebook.com. As the development of HipHop progressed, it was realised that HipHop could substantially increase the speed of PHP applications in general. Increases in web page generation throughput by factors of up to six have been observed over the Zend PHP. A stated goal of HPHPc was to provide a high level of compatibility for Zend PHP, where most Zend-based PHP programs run unmodified on HPHPc. HPHPc was originally open sourced in early 2010.
As an addition to HPHPc, Facebook engineers also created a "developer mode" of HipHop (interpreted version of a PHP execution engine, known as HPHPi) and the HipHop debugger (known as HPHPd). These additions allow developers to run PHP code through the same logic provided by HPHPc while making it possible to interactively debug PHP code by defining watches, breakpoints, etc. Running the code through HPHPi yields lower performance when compared to HPHPc, but the developer benefits were, at the time, worth having to maintain these two execution engines for production and development. HPHPi and HPHPd were also open sourced in 2010.
By many accounts HPHPc fulfilled its goals, especially within Facebook as it allowed facebook.com to run much faster while using fewer resources. However, in early 2013 Facebook deprecated HPHPc in favor of the HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM), which is a just-in-time (JIT) compilation-based execution engine for PHP, also developed by Facebook. There were many reasons for this; one of them was HPHPc's flattened curve for further performance improvements. Also, HPHPc did not fully support the PHP language, including the create_function and eval constructs, and it involved a specific time- and resource-consuming deployment process that required a bigger than 1 GB binary to be compiled and distributed to many servers in short order. In addition, maintaining HPHPc and HPHPi in parallel (as they needed to be, for the consistency of production and development environments) was becoming cumbersome. Finally, HPHPc was not a drop-in replacement for Zend, requiring external customers to change their whole development and deployment processes to use HPHPc.
# Deborah Lippmann

Deborah Lippmann is a celebrity and fashion manicurist who has designed nail polishes for stars such as Lady Gaga, Scarlett Johansson, Kim Kardashian, Julia Roberts, Gwyneth Paltrow, Taylor Swift and Lena Dunham. She has her own line of nail polishes with names inspired by the titles of popular songs. Her nail polishes and views on current trends in nail fashion are often reviewed in popular beauty and nail magazines and blogs. She is known for keeping up with trends in nail color and design. To supplement existing nail-polish formulations and colors, she has collaborated with a chemist to create new ones. Her eponymous line of nail lacquers, treatments and lipsticks was founded in 1999 with her husband, Jude Severin who oversees sales and operations and her brother, Mark Lippmann, who oversees marketing, creative and everything digital. Mark has been a keynote speaker at WWD Digital Forum, Digital Marketing World Forum, Fashion Digital, Brand Innovators, eTail, in New York, Los Angeles, London, Boston, Philadelphia and more.
Lippmann created collections inspired by the HBO series Girls and True Blood. Lippmann often collaborates with a number of her clients to create customized nail polish shades, including "Sarah Smile" for Sarah Jessica Parker, "Bad Romance" for Lady Gaga and "Walk Away Renée" for Renée Zellweger.
Lippmann is also a singer. Her public performances include a CD release concert at Joe's Pub a rendition of the national anthem at a Chicago Cubs game. Deborah has recorded two solo albums by Broadway composer Martin Charnin, Donny Osmond and others.
# Reindeerspotting: Escape from Santaland

Reindeerspotting: Escape from Santaland (Finnish: Reindeerspotting: pako Joulumaasta) is a Finnish documentary film about drug abusers in Rovaniemi, Finland. It was directed by Joonas Neuvonen and produced by Jesse Fryckman and Oskari Huttu. The first screening of the film was in Tampere, April 2010, Finland.
The name of the movie is a direct allusion to the 1996 British drama film Trainspotting that treated the same theme from a Scottish point of view.
The film was shown outside of Finland for the first time in Locarno International Film Festival in Switzerland.

## Synopsis

The documentary follows several young drug abusers, but focuses on Jani Raappana. Jani is a drug addict, whose drug of choice is Subutex taken intravenously. He is unemployed and he finances his addiction through thefts, burglaries, and welfare payments. He deems carjacking and theft of radios as something he "specialises in", and uses it as a way to get fast money. Some of the main problems he faces is conflicts with fellow drug users, and losing two fingers in an accident. Due to the shortage of Subutex in the city, Jani starts to experience withdrawal symptoms, and suffers from the lack of substances available.
After a failed burglary attempt, Jani is arrested and released after three days. The court seeks to imprison Jani for various offences, such as DUI and theft for at least a year, but sees prison as nothing special, just free food and accommodation. As his prison sentence draws near, his debt increases due to his prolonged drug use. However, he manages to steal 5000 euros from a grocery store and decides to flee Finland.
Jani goes around various cities in Europe, such as Paris, London and Rome, lamenting about how free he is from Rovaniemi. However, the dealers threaten to demolish his flat and he finds himself in debt again. After running out of money, Jani returns home and is arrested two weeks later, and the film states he spent time in and out of prison for "years". The film ends with him picturing himself living an ideal life, with a cottage and a wife.

## Other

The main character in the movie, Jani Raappana, travelled in May 2010 with Neuvonen, the director of the movie, to Cambodia. Raappana died in Phnom Penh on 7 July 2010. According to the local media, Raappana hanged himself.
In January 2013, the director of the film, Joonas Neuvonen, was sentenced to two-and-a-half years in prison for drug crimes.
In August 2020, a sequel to the film, also directed by Neuvonen titled 'Lost Boys' was released on 25 September 2020. The film details the aftermath of the premiere of Reindeerspotting and the death of Raappana in Cambodia.
# 1921 in Spain

Events in the year 1921 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Alfonso XIII
* Prime Minister:
** until 8 March: Eduardo Dato
** 8 March-13 March: Gabino Bugallal
** 13 March-14 August: Manuel Allendesalazar
** starting 14 August: Antonio Maura

## Events

* March 8 - Prime Minister Eduardo Dato Iradier is assassinated while on his way home from the parliament building in Madrid

## Births

* August 9 - Elías Amézaga (died 2008)

## Deaths

* March 8 - Eduardo Dato e Iradier (b. 1856)
* April 7 - Víctor Mirecki Larramat (b. 1847)