OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Musica enchiriadis

Musica enchiriadis is an anonymous musical treatise of the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to set up a system of rules for polyphony in western art music. The treatise was once attributed to Hucbald, but this is no longer accepted. Some historians once attributed it to Odo of Cluny (879-942). It has also been attributed to Abbot Hoger (d. 906).
This music theory treatise, along with its companion text, Scolica enchiriadis, was widely circulated in medieval manuscripts, often in association with Boethius' De institutione musica. It consists of nineteen chapters; the first nine are devoted to notation, modes, and monophonic plainchant.
Chapters 10-18 deal with polyphonic music. The author here shows how consonant intervals should be used to compose or improvise the type of early-medieval polyphonic music called organum, an early style of note-against-note polyphony; several examples of which are included in the treatise. (Scolica enchiriadis also observes that some melodies should be sung "more quickly" (celerius), others "more slowly" (morosius).) The nineteenth chapter of Musica enchiriadis relates the legend of Orpheus.
The scale used in the work, which is based on a system of tetrachords, appears to have been created solely for use in the work itself, rather than taken from actual musical practice. The treatise also uses a very rare system of notation, known as Daseian notation. This notation has a number of figures which are rotated ninety degrees to represent different pitches.
A critical edition of the treatises was published in 1981, and an English translation by Raymond Erickson in 1995.
# Thunder Bay River

The Thunder Bay River is a 75.4-mile-long (121.3 km) river in the U.S. state of Michigan. It drains much of Alpena County and Montmorency County, and a small portion of Oscoda County, into Thunder Bay, a bay of Lake Huron, on the eastern side of northern Michigan. The mouth of the river is in the heart of downtown Alpena and is guarded by the Alpena Light Station.

## Geography

Unlike many of Michigan's rivers, the Thunder Bay River drops considerably from its headwaters in southwestern Montmorency County to Lake Huron. A hill near the headwaters northeast of Lewiston is 1,270 feet (390 m) above sea level and 689 feet (210 m) above lake level. A former whitewater stretch northwest of Alpena, the "Long Rapids", carried the river down from the northern Michigan plateau to Thunder Bay. The rapids have since been drowned under Lake Winyah (also known as Seven Mile Pond), a hydroelectric reservoir created by the Norway Dam (also known as Seven Mile Dam).
Much of the middle and upper reaches of the Thunder Bay River flow through the Mackinaw State Forest, which is a large swathe of northeastern Michigan that, after logging was completed in the 1910s, reverted to the state for unpaid property taxes. The state forest contains large numbers of aspen and birch trees, pulpwood trees typical of second-growth Michigan forests.
The largest reservoir in the Thunder Bay River basin, the 8,500-acre (3,400 ha) Fletcher Pond (also called Fletcher Floodwaters) in western Alpena County, began to fill in 1932. It is noted for having the second largest population of ospreys in the Midwest. As of 2006, pond riparian property owners were actively trying to counter an exotic infestation of Eurasian watermilfoil.

## Boardwalk

As of 2007, planning was underway for a $3.4 million river-edge boardwalk, the 2,800-foot-long (850 m) Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Trail on the north shore of the Thunder Bay River in central Alpena. The boardwalk route passes through a former industrial site, the Fletcher Paper Mill. The boardwalk will be signposted with plaques and kiosks telling the history of the river.

## Bridges

Eager to help the motor vehicle industry, the Michigan Department of Transportation was one of the first state agencies in the U.S. to build concrete bridges. A good example, 150 feet (46 m) long, can be found spanning the Thunder Bay River at Hillman. Raised in 1922, it is of the variety called a concrete camelback bridge, and is said to be the fifth longest such bridge in the state. The Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Trail will include a new pedestrian bridge across the Thunder Bay in central Alpena.

## Fish

According to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Thunder Bay River, and especially Fletcher Pond, have populations of bass, pike, and panfish. The river is also now the home of an exotic population of Eurasian ruffe.
# Dead Obies

Dead Obies is an experimental hip hop band originating from South Shore (suburbs south of Montreal), Quebec, Canada, that was formed in 2011 by a collective of five MCs: Jo RCA, Yes McCan, Snail Kid, 20Some and O.G. Bear, and Quebec producer Vince Carter. The group identifies itself as post-rap. They are signed to the independent label Bonsound.
Dead Obies finished as Top 3 finalists at the Francouvertes de Montréal held in 2013 and designed for new music talents. The group has also taken part in Francofolies de Montréal, "WordUP! Battles" and "Artbeat" artistic events in Quebec. They use a mix of French, English, and French/English known as franglais in their songs. Their single "Do or Die + In America" was broadcast on French Canadian stations and the music video played on MusiquePlus .
They released their first mixtape in April 2012 titled Collation Vol. 1 followed by the album Montréal $ud (digital and vinyl format) in 2013.
In 2014, one year after the release of Montréal $ud, Dead Obies released the album in CD format and a book. In 2018, they received a Prix Iris nomination for Best Original Music for their work in the film Family First (Chien de garde).
In the spring of 2018, Yes McCan, one of the founding members of Dead Obies, left to pursue other projects. The third album was launched without his contribution.

## Musical style

The musical style of Dead Obies is often considered to be a blend of Québécois hip-hop and "post-rap". The group raps in both French and English (often referred to as franglais, and often switches languages in the middle of a sentence. This code-switching between the two languages is representative of the Montreal culture more broadly.

## Discography
### Albums

* 2013: Montréal $ud
* 2016: Gesamtkunstwerk
* 2019: DEAD.

### EP

* 2017: "Air Max"

### Mixtapes

* 2012: Collation Vol. 1
* 2014: Collation Vol. 2 – Limon Verde: La experiencia

### Singles

* 2013: "Tony Hawk"
* 2013: "Montréal $ud"
* 2014: "Do or Die + In America"
* 2015: "Aweille !"
* 2015 : "Jelly"
* 2016: "Where They @"
* 2016: "Everyday"
* 2016: "Explosif"
* 2016: "Waiting"
* 2017: "Monnaie"
* 2018: "Break"
* 2018: Run Away
* 2018: André
* 2019: Doo Wop
# Junior González

Francisco "Junior" González Rodríguez (October 25, 1944 - June 28, 2022), was a Puerto Rican politician from the New Progressive Party (PNP). He served as member of the 21st Senate of Puerto Rico from 1997 to 2001, and as member of the 27th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico from 2005 to 2009.
González earned her Bachelor of Arts and a Master's degree from the Graduate School of Criminal Justice and Behavioral Sciences at the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico. He completed doctoral studies in Sociology at the Complutense University of Madrid in Spain.. He began his political career as electoral commissioner of the New Progressive Party. He also directed the local office of the former Resident Commissioner Baltasar Corrada del Río. González also worked as aide of Governor Carlos Romero Barceló and of former Secretary of Housing Jorge Pierluisi.
González was elected to the Senate of Puerto Rico in the 1996 general election. He represented the District of San Juan, along with Jorge Santini. González ran for reelection at the 2000 general elections, but was defeated by the candidates of the PPD.
In 2004, González ran again, this time for a seat at the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico. He ended up winning at the 2004 general election, representing District 1.
After finishing his term in 2009, González was hired by the Puerto Rico House of Representatives to work as a Legislative Aide.
Francisco "Junior" González died on June 28, 2022, at age 77.
# List of Digging for the Truth episodes

Digging for the Truth was a History Channel television series. There were 4 seasons aired from 2005-2007. Seasons 1-3 of the show focused on host Josh Bernstein, who was replaced by Hunter Ellis for Season 4.

## Episodes
### Season One - 13 episodes - premiered on 24 January 2005

* Who Built Egypt's Pyramids?
* Pompeii Secrets Revealed
* Hunt for the Lost Ark
* The Holy Grail
* The Iceman Cometh
* Quest for King Solomon's Gold
* Passage to the Maya Underworld
* The Lost Tribe of Israel
* Secrets of the Nazca Lines
* The Search for El Dorado
* Giants of Easter Island
* Mystery of the Anasazi
* Nefertiti: The Mummy Returns

### Season Two - 13 episodes - premiered on 23 January 2006

* The Real Temple of Doom
* America's Pyramids
* Stonehenge Secrets Revealed
* The Vikings: Voyage to America
* Roanoke: The Lost Colony
* Cleopatra: The Last Pharaoh
* City of the Gods - Teotihuacan
* The Real Queen of Sheba
* Troy: Of Gods and Warriors
* The Da Vinci Code: Bloodlines
* The Giants of Patagonia
* The Real Sin City: Sodom and Gomorrah
* The Lost Cities of the Amazon

### Season Three - 20 episodes - premiered on 22 January 2007

* Atlantis: New Revelations 2-hour Special
* Lost Empire Of Genghis Khan
* King Tut Secrets Revealed
* New Maya Revelations
* Ramesses II: Visions of Greatness
* Machu Picchu
* Secrets of Mummies
* Lost Treasures of Petra
* Stonehenge of the Americas (Tiwanaku)
* Lost Treasures of the Copper Scroll
* The Aztecs
* Searching for King David

### Season Four - 8 episodes - premiered on 3 September 2007

* Mummies of the Clouds
* The Hunley: New Revelations
* Kings of the Stone Age
* Pirates: Terror in the Mediterranean
* God's Gold, Part 1
* God's Gold, Part 2
* Timbuktu
* Angkor Wat: Eighth Wonder of the World
# Mugaritz

Mugaritz is a well-known restaurant in Rentería, Guipúzcoa (Spain), which opened in March 1998 under the management of Chef Andoni Aduriz. It is considered one of the world's best restaurants since 2006 according to Restaurant Magazine and has been recently been ranked fourth in their list.

## History

The restaurant is recognized by the press as "the most important gastronomic phenomenon of the world in recent times". Both Mugaritz and Andoni Luis Aduriz frequently show up on pages of media like "Omnivore", "Le Figaro" in France, "Brutus", "Cuisine Kingdom" in Japan, "The Trade" and "Republic" in Latin America and the U.S. "Time" or "The Observer ". Mugaritz earned its first Michelin star in 2000 and, five years later, in 2005, the Michelin Guide awarded it a second one. The restaurant has also the highest rating by the Repsol Guide, the Three “Soles” and a multitude of honors for his innovative and creative activity in gastronomy.

## Fire

On the morning of February 15, 2010 a short circuit caused a serious fire in Mugaritz's kitchen, closing the restaurant for four months. After the fire, the team received thousands of expressions of solidarity from around the world, which motivated them to keep working.

## Books

* La joven cocina vasca (1996). Ixo editorial
* El mercado en el plato (1998). Ixo editorial
* Tabula Huevo (2000). Ixo editorial
* Foie Gras (2002). Ixo editorial
* Tabula Bacalao (2003). Montagud editores
* Clorofilia (2004). Ixo editorial
* Txikichef (2006). Hariadna editorial.
* Bestiarium Gastronomicae (2006). Ixo editorial
* Tabula 35 mm (2007). Ixo editorial
* Diccionario Botánico para Cocineros (2007). Ixo editorial
* La botánica del deseo (2008). Prólogo de la edición en castellano del libro de Michael Pollan.
* Las primeras palabras de la cocina (2009). Ixo editorial
* Los Bajos de la Alta Cocina (2009). Ixo editorial
* El Dilema del Omnívoro (2011). Prólogo de la edición en castellano del libro de Michael Pollan.
* El Gourmet Extraterrestre (2011). Editorial Planeta.
* Larousse Gastronomique (2011). Editorial Larousse. Edición revisada y prologada por A. Luis Aduriz.
* Innovación abierta y alta cocina (2011). Ediciones Pirámide
* Mugaritz - A Natural Science of Cooking - (2012). Editorial Phaidon Press / RBA / Kosmos
* Cocinar, comer, convivir (2012). Ediciones Destino.
* Mugaritz. La cocina como ciencia natural Archived 2016-08-25 at the Wayback Machine (2012). RBA
* Mugaritz BSO (2012). Ixo producciones
# Yucatan vireo

The Yucatan vireo (Vireo magister) is a species of bird in the family Vireonidae.
Closely related to the red-eyed vireo, its plumage a duller overall. It measures 14.5–15.5 cm (5.7–6.1 in). It has a stout, hooked bill that is gray, paler at the base. A broad white eyebrow contrasts with a dull gray crown. A broad dark stripe runs through the brown eye. Upperparts are a dull olive gray. Throat and underparts are whitish. The wings and tail are dark with olive green margins. Legs and feet are grayish blue.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is found in Belize, Honduras, Mexico, as well as on Grand Cayman. There is a well-documented record from High Island, Texas, in 1984, but this is the only record for the United States.
Four subspecies are recognized, the large number reflecting its distribution amongst far-flung islands and a small strip of the mainland.
* Vireo magister magister – (Baird, SF, 1871): nominate, found in southeastern Mexico and Belize
* Vireo magister decoloratus – (Phillips, AR, 1991): found on islands off of northern and central Belize
* Vireo magister stilesi – (Phillips, AR, 1991): found on islands off of southern Belize and northern Honduras
* Vireo magister caymanensis – Cory, 1887: found on Grand Cayman Island
# Baron Robartes

Baron Robartes was a title that was created twice in British history. It was first created in the Peerage of England on 26 January 1625 for Sir Richard Robartes, 1st Baronet. This creation became extinct in 1757.
The second creation came in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 13 December 1869 for Thomas Agar-Robartes.
# 2012 in Spain

Events of 2012 in Spain.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Juan Carlos I
* Prime Minister: Mariano Rajoy

### Regional presidents

* Andalusia: José Antonio Griñán
* Aragón: Luisa Fernanda Rudi
* Asturias: Francisco Álvarez-Cascos (until 26 May), Javier Fernandez (starting 26 May)
* Balearic Islands: José Ramón Bauzá
* Basque Country: Patxi Lopez (until 15 December), Iñigo Urkullu (starting 15 December)
* Canary Islands: Paulino Rivero
* Cantabria: Ignacio Diego
* Castilla–La Mancha: María Dolores de Cospedal
* Castile and León: Juan Vicente Herrera
* Catalonia: Artur Mas
* Extremadura: José Antonio Monago
* Galicia: Alberto Núñez Feijóo
* La Rioja: Pedro Sanz
* Community of Madrid: Esperanza Aguirre (until 26 September), Ignacio Gonzalez (starting 26 September)
* Region of Murcia: Ramón Luis Valcárcel
* Navarre: Yolanda Barcina
* Valencian Community: Alberto Fabra
* Ceuta: Juan Jesús Vivas
* Melilla: Juan José Imbroda

## Events

* 13 May – Pastor Maldonado wins the Spanish Grand Prix, marking him the first Venezuelan Formula One driver to win a race.
* 1 July – Spain's national team wins UEFA Euro Final in Kyiv, Ukraine.
* 11 September - Some 1.5 million people take part in Catalonia's annual independence rally in Barcelona.

## Deaths

* 2 April – Pilar Fuertes Ferragut, 49, diplomat, road accident.
# New Haven Ninjas

The New Haven Ninjas were an indoor American football team based in New Haven, Connecticut. They were an expansion team in the af2 for the 2002 season. On October 24, 2001, it was announced that Ninjas had won the name-the-team contest over Cyclones, Gladiators, Hawkeyes and ShoreDawgs. Along with the Ninjas, New Haven was joined by the Albany Conquest, Bakersfield Blitz, Cape Fear Wildcats, Fresno Frenzy, Hawaiian Islanders, Mobile Wizards, Mohegan Wolves, San Diego Riptide & the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers. New Haven played in the American Conference of the Northeast Division. In 2002, the Ninjas finished 6–10, third in the Northeast Division. Still, that wasn't enough to play football in August. After the 2002 season, the Ninjas folded because the New Haven Coliseum closed, and the experiment for arena football in New Haven was done.

## Season-By-Season

Season records :
| Season | W | L | T | Finish | Playoff results |
| 2002 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 4th AC Northeast | -- |
# John Sawbridge

John Sawbridge (1732 – 21 February 1795) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1780.

## Life

Sawbridge was the eldest son of John Sawbridge, FRS of Olantigh and his wife Elizabeth Wanley, daughter of George Wanley. He was educated at The King's School, Canterbury (left 1748).
Sawbridge was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Hythe at the 1768 general election, and held the seat until 1774. He exerted himself in the House of Commons on behalf of John Wilkes, who had been declared incapable of sitting for Middlesex. With John Horne Tooke, James Townsend, Richard Oliver, and others, he helped to form the Supporters of the Bill of Rights. In local politics Sawbridge, who was a liveryman of the Framework Knitters' Company, was elected, with Townsend, as sheriff of London in summer 1768, and in the following year (1 July) he was elected alderman for the ward of Langbourn. During his shrievalty he five times returned Wilkes as duly elected for Middlesex, in defiance of the house, and was threatened with a bill of pains and penalties from the government. In August 1771 Junius, in secret correspondence with Wilkes, urged him to procure Sawbridge's election as lord mayor; but Brass Crosby was reported to want re-election, and Wilkes, who had by the quarrelled with Sawbridge, refused to desert Crosby. At the election the show of hands was declared in favour of Sawbridge and Crosby, but a poll was demanded for four other candidates, Bankes, Nash, Hallifax, and Townsend. In spite of Junius's appeals, the livery returned Nash and Sawbridge to the court of aldermen. The former, the ministerial candidate, was elected Lord Mayor.
At the 1774 general election Sawbridge contested two seats: he was defeated in Hythe, but was elected as one of the 4 MPs for the City of London. He was defeated in London at the general election in September 1780, but one of his successors, John Kirkman, who died on the day when the polls closed and had been returned posthumously. Sawbridge was returned without a contest at the resulting by-election in November 1780, and was re-elected in 1784 and 1790, holding the seat until his death on 21 February 1795, aged 62. However, he was less active in the parliament of 1790 and was paralysed in the last three years of his life
He was a Sheriff of London in 1770 and elected Lord Mayor of London in 1775 in succession to John Wilkes. He was commissioned as Colonel of the East Kent Militia in 1779 and held the command until his death.

## Family

Sawbridge had married firstly on 15 November 1763 Mary Diana Bridgeman, daughter of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 2nd Baronet. She died without issue in 1764 and he married secondly Anne Stephenson daughter of Sir William Stephenson. His son Samuel Elias Sawbridge was Member of Parliament for Canterbury.
* Samuel Elias Sawbridge (7 January 1769 – 27 May 1850)
* Ann Sawbridge (born 20 June 1776)
* Wanly Sawbridge (born 9 June 1779)
# Rajasimha (film)

Rajasimha is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language action film directed by debutante Ravi Ram and produced by C. D. Basappa. The film features Aniruddha, Nikita Thukral and Sanjjana in the lead roles along with Bharathi Vishnuvardhan, Sharath Lohitashwa and Arun Sagar in key supporting roles. While Ambareesh plays a cameo role, the popular actor Vishnuvardhan appears on the screen through a computer generated visual effect. The film is reported to be a sequel of Vishnuvardhan's hit Simhadriya Simha (2002). The film's soundtrack is composed by Jassie Gift and the background score is by Sadhu Kokila.
The film released across Karnataka on 2 February 2018.

## Cast

* Aniruddha as Satya
* Nikita Thukral as Priya
* Sanjjana as Sanju
* Bharathi Vishnuvardhan
* Sharath Lohitashwa
* Arun Sagar
* Bullet Prakash
* Vijay Chendoor
* Ambareesh (Cameo Appearance)
* Vishnuvardhan as Narasimhe Gowda (Cameo Appearance)

## Soundtrack

The film's soundtracks are composed by Jassie Gift. The music rights were acquired by Anand Audio.

## Reception
### Critical response

Sunayana Suresh of The Times of India scored the film at 2 out of 5 stars and says "given that this was a tribute film in many ways, one feels let down, as the matinee idol's name is dragged in a film that otherwise would be just another normal commercial potboiler. Though, do give it a try if you like old school masala films." A Sharadhha of The New Indian Express scored the film at 2 out of 5 stars and says "Time and again, attempts have been made to bring back legends on screen with little success, and Rajasimha is just another film to join the bandwagon."Vijaya Karnataka scored the film at 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Experienced artists are directors who have used Tara, but have not used them properly. Suddenly the songs, laughter and comedy scenes have made Raja Sinha Cinema a falawa movie."
# 2013 in Spain

Events of 2013 in Spain

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Juan Carlos I
* Prime Minister: Mariano Rajoy

### Regional presidents

* Andalusia: José Antonio Griñán (until 5 September), Susana Díaz (starting 5 September)
* Aragón: Luisa Fernanda Rudi
* Asturias: Javier Fernandez
* Balearic Islands: José Ramón Bauzá
* Basque Country: Iñigo Urkullu
* Canary Islands: Paulino Rivero
* Cantabria: Ignacio Diego
* Castilla–La Mancha: María Dolores de Cospedal
* Castile and León: Juan Vicente Herrera
* Catalonia: Artur Mas
* Extremadura: José Antonio Monago
* Galicia: Alberto Núñez Feijóo
* La Rioja: Pedro Sanz
* Community of Madrid: Ignacio Gonzalez
* Region of Murcia: Ramón Luis Valcárcel
* Navarre: Yolanda Barcina
* Valencian Community: Alberto Fabra
* Ceuta: Juan Jesús Vivas
* Melilla: Juan José Imbroda

## Events

* 30 January – The Spanish newspaper El País publishes accounting information - which will be known as Bárcenas affair - revealing the alleged payment of bonuses to the Spanish People's Party leaders from undeclared contributions from businesses.
* 8 July – Nine people have died and 21 were injured after a bus careered off the road near the central town of Avila.
* 24 July – The Santiago de Compostela derailment kills seventy seven.
* September – Miss Universe Spain 2013
* 28 October – A gas leak at a coal mine has killed six people and left five injured.

## Births in 2013

* January 22 – Milan Piqué, son of Shakira & Gerard Piqué

## Deaths in 2013

* January 8 – Manuel Mota, 46, Spanish fashion designer, suicide.
* January 6
** Jon Ander López, 36, Spanish footballer, heart attack.
** Enrique Meneses, 83, Spanish photographer.
* March 28 – Manuel García Ferré, 83, cartoonist, complications of heart surgery.
* April 2 – Jesús Franco, 82, filmmaker.
* October 11 – María de Villota, 33, racing driver.