OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hydyne

Hydyne is a mixture of 60% unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and 40% diethylenetriamine (DETA), developed in 1957 at Rocketdyne for use in liquid-fuel rockets. Hydyne was used as the fuel for the first stage of the Juno I rocket that launched Explorer 1, the first successful satellite launch conducted by the United States. As part of Mixed Amine Fuel series of rocket fuels, it was designated as MAF-4.

## Improved performance

In 1955, Wernher von Braun, employed by the U.S. Army, calculated his Redstone rocket could launch a satellite into orbit if its performance could be improved. A contract to develop a more powerful propellant was awarded to the Redstone's main stage builder, Rocketdyne. The contract required the replacement of the PGM-11 Redstone fuel (including 25% water and 75% ethyl alcohol) with a compound that would boost the rocket's performance by at least 8%. Mary Sherman Morgan was assigned to head up a small team of engineers to find a solution.
The Jupiter-C and Juno I rockets used the same first-stage engines as the missile, but needed more thrust due to the increased size of the payload. With the use of the newly developed Hydyne, composed of a blend of 60% unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and 40% diethylenetriamine (DETA), the Jupiter-C and Juno I engines gained a 12% increase in thrust and higher specific impulse. The resulting fuel was more powerful than alcohol, but also more toxic. The first Hydyne-powered Redstone R&D flight took place on November 29, 1956. After two Jupiter C and six Juno I launches including the launch of America's first satellite, Explorer I), Hydyne was discontinued in favor of higher performing fuels.

## Unofficial name

'Bagel' was the whimsical name suggested by Morgan, who engineered the Hydyne-LOX (Liquid OXygen) propellant combination used by North American Aviation in their early U.S. rocket designs of the incipient space race. Morgan was considered a rocketry pioneer as she was the only female technical analyst employed by NAA in Downey, California. Morgan suggested calling her new fuel invention 'Bagel', allowing the Redstone propellant combination to be then called 'Bagel and LOX' (a tongue in cheek reference to the brined salmon, lox, which is served with bagels and cream cheese). Her suggested name for the new fuel was not accepted, and 'Hydyne' was chosen instead by the U.S. Army.

## Popular culture

The creation of Hydyne was dramatized in a stage play entitled Rocket Girl which chronicles the life of Mary Sherman Morgan, Hydyne's inventor. The play was written by Morgan's son, George D. Morgan and ran at the California Institute of Technology in November, 2008, . The story is also told in Rocket Girl: The Story of Mary Sherman Morgan, America's First Female Rocket Scientist also by George D. Morgan.
# For Them That Trespass

For Them That Trespass is a 1949 British crime film directed by Alberto Cavalcanti and starring Richard Todd, Patricia Plunkett and Stephen Murray. It is an adaptation of the 1944 novel of the same name by Ernest Raymond.
The film's main theme is miscarriage of justice. In the film, a professional writer witnesses a murder. He decides not to testify on behalf of an innocent man accused of the crime, wishing to protect his own reputation. The innocent man spends 15 years in prison for the murder. Once released, he tries to clear his name.

## Plot

Promising writer Christopher Drew conceals his relationship with a murdered woman in order to protect his career, even though this results in an innocent man going to prison for the killing.
The upper-class Drew decides he needs some first-hand experience to invigorate his work, so he explores the seedier areas of town in search of inspiration. Much to his dismay, he witnesses a murder, but he then refuses to help an innocent man, Herbert Logan, who has been arrested for the crime, because his presence in such a neighbourhood would cause a scandal. Logan is freed after serving 15 years in jail. He hears his "crime" detailed in a radio drama written by Drew and gathers enough evidence to clear his name.

## Cast

* Richard Todd as Herbert Edward Logan
* Patricia Plunkett as Rosie
* Stephen Murray as Christopher Drew
* Michael Laurence as Jim Heal
* Vida Hope as Olive Mockson
* Rosalyn Boulter as Frankie Ketchen
* James Hayter as 'Jocko': John Cragie Glenn
* Harry Fowler as Dave
* George Hayes as Artist
* Michael Brennan as Inspector Benstead
* Joan Dowling as Gracie
* Michael Medwin as Len
* Mary Merrall as Mrs. Drew
* Irene Handl as Inn owner
* John Salew as Ainsley, Prosecutor
* Robert Harris as Sir Huntley, Defence counsel
* Kynaston Reeves as The Judge
* Helen Cherry as Mary Drew
* Frederick Leister as The Vicar
* Edward Lexy as the Second Prison Warder
* Valentine Dyall as Toastmaster
* Charles Lloyd Pack as Theatre Critic
* Andreas Malandrinos as Nicholas
* George Merritt (actor) as Engine Driver
* Kenneth Moore (1914-1982) - as Prison Warder
* Alan Wheatley as Librarian

## Production

It was the first film to be made at Elstree Studios since it re-opened following World War II.
Richard Todd was cast after a screen test. It was his first leading role. His casting was announced in July 1948. He was also signed to a seven-year contract with Associated British. The film led to Todd being cast in The Hasty Heart.
Kenneth More has one of his first film roles.

## Critical reception

The New York Times called it "a drab and dreary little film". On the other hand, Sky Movies calls it a "gripping movie drama which has a lot of high feeling and style. ... Still impressive, though more than 40 years after."
Todd called it "dreary" but it led to him being offered a long-term contract with Associated British.

## Box office

As of 1 April 1950 the film earned distributor's gross receipts of £71,954 in the UK of which £38,467 went to the producer. The film made a loss of £111,765.
# Pine River (Kettle River tributary)

The Pine River is a 23.0-mile-long (37.0 km) tributary of the Kettle River in eastern Minnesota, United States. It begins at the outlet of Big Pine Lake near the western border of Pine County, Minnesota, and flows northeast and east, reaching the Kettle River at Rutledge.
# Wrząca, Turek County

Wrząca is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Turek, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Turek and 111 km (69 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# 1981 Danish local elections

Local elections were held in Denmark on 17 November 1981. 4769 municipal council members were elected to the 1982–1985 term of office in the 275 municipalities, as well as members of the 14 counties of Denmark.

## Results of regional elections

The results of the regional elections:

### County Councils

| Party | Seats |
| Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) (A) | 140 |
| Liberals (Venstre) (V) | 84 |
| Conservative People's Party (Det Konservative Folkeparti) (C) | 60 |
| Progress Party (Fremskridtspartiet) (Z) | 25 |
| Social Liberal Party (Det Radikale Venstre) (B) | 24 |
| Socialist People's Party (Socialistisk Folkeparti) (F) | 24 |
| Christian Democrats (Kristeligt Folkeparti) (Q) | 6 |
| Left Socialists (Venstresocialisterne) (Y) | 3 |
| Centre Democrats (Centrum-Demokraterne) (M) | 2 |
| Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) (K) | 1 |
| Schleswig Party (Slesvigsk Parti) (S) | 1 |
| Others | 0 |
| Total | 370 |

### Municipal Councils

| Party | Seats |
| Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) (A) | 1601 |
| Liberals (Venstre) (V) | 1240 |
| Conservative People's Party (Det Konservative Folkeparti) (C) | 640 |
| Progress Party (Fremskridtspartiet) (Z) | 279 |
| Social Liberal Party (Det Radikale Venstre) (B) | 187 |
| Socialist People's Party (Socialistisk Folkeparti) (F) | 155 |
| Christian Democrats (Kristeligt Folkeparti) (Q) | 27 |
| Left Socialists (Venstresocialisterne) (Y) | 27 |
| Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) (K) | 22 |
| Schleswig Party (Slesvigsk Parti) (S) | 12 |
| Centre Democrats (Centrum-Demokraterne) (M) | 8 |
| Others | 571 |
| Total | 4769 |
# William Colbert (Chickasaw)

William Colbert (born 1742 to 1750 – May 30, 1824), native name Chooshemataha, was the oldest son of North American trader James Colbert by his first wife, a Chickasaw woman. Along with his several of his brothers, William Colbert was important leader of the Chickasaw people in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Chickasaw were aligned with the British during the American Revolutionary War, and William joined his father in capturing Spanish ships on the Mississippi and the Battle of Arkansas Post in 1783. In 1791, under command of Arthur St. Clair in Ohio, William, his brother George Colbert, and Piomingo fought other Indigenous people for which they were awarded medals by George Washington. William Colbert also led attacks on Osage people across the Mississippi River, which frustrated U.S. Indian Agent Samuel Mitchell because it led to retaliatory attacks on non-Chicksaws.
On February 14, 1804, Andrew Jackson, U.S. District Court Judge John McNairy, surveyor William T. Lewis, and Tennessee pioneer James Robertson were "subscribers" to a contract between John Gordon (later Jackson's personal spymaster in the wars of the 1810s) and William Colbert of the Chickasaw Nation, agreeing to establish and jointly operate a stand and ferry across the Duck River along the Natchez Trace. William Colbert fought in the Creek War against the Red Stick Creeks at the Battle of the Holy Ground in 1813, and along with brothers George, James, and Levi and 230 Chickasaw soldiers, took a number of Creek prisoners in Florida in 1814.
Colbert was a signatory to the Treaty of Chickasaw Bluffs in 1801, the Treaty of the Chickasaw Council House in 1816, and the Treaty of Chickasaw Old Town in 1818. Along with his brothers, George, Levi, and James, he was signatory to the September 1816 treaty negotiated by Andrew Jackson, David Meriwether, and Jesse Franklin, the second of two treaties that year. The treaty granted William Colbert an annuity of $100 a year for the rest of his life. According to Mississippi judge and local historian George H. Etheridge, writing in 1939, "Chooshemataha was a military leader of importance. He fought for the Chickasaws against the Creeks in numerous wars, the accounts of which seem never to have been recorded, was generally successful and had high prestige among his tribe. It is said that he fought with General Jackson against the Creeks in the war of 1813–1815. "Old Hickory" presented him, it is said by high authority, with a military uniform, which Chooshemataha (Wm. Colbert) wore with pride and distinction on important occasions until the end of his life. He lived in what is now Pontotoc county, a few miles south of where Pontotoc now stands at what was called 'Toc-shish.' This place was later put on the map as McIntoshville."
He was married twice, to Jessie Moniac and Ishtanaha, and fathered five children.
# Wszołów

Wszołów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołuchów, within Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Gołuchów, 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Pleszew, and 90 km (56 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# This Club

This Club are an indie rock band from Dublin formed in 2006 under the name Hoarsebox and consists of Johnny Holden (Keyboards & Vocals), Philip Broadbery (Guitar & Vocals), Kieran Walkin (Bass & Vocals) and Max Carpio (Drums & Vocals).

## Discography

In 2008 the band released the 5-track EP Cuckooland on the independent Roseland Music label which garnered a good review from online music magazine Drop D. Notably, the band have put much effort into their videos and were nominated for "Best Newcomer" at the first Irish Music Video Awards in October 2009 for the video for the song All I Need Now from Cuckooland.
This Club released a double A-side of the tracks Work Party and Inside Out in late 2009. Work Party featured in an episode of the US TV show The Lazy Environmentalist.
# Material ConneXion

Material ConneXion is a materials consultancy, headquartered in New York City, New York.

## History

In 1997, Material ConneXion was launched by George Beylerian, former vice president of marketing and creative director of Steelcase Furniture. At Steelcase, Beylerian created a small exhibition of new materials, and recognized the need for a materials library service.
Material ConneXion was acquired by SANDOW in 2011.
In addition to its New York office, the company has locations in Bangkok, Daegu, Milan, and Skövde, and also maintains an online materials database.
Material ConneXion maintains a physical library of over 10,000 materials and processes categorized based on their chemical composition: Polymers, Naturals, Metals, Glass, Processes, Ceramics, Cement-based, Carbon-based.
In 2016, the American Society of Interior Designers (ASID) opened a Material ConneXion Library at its corporate headquarters in Washington, D.C., in partnership with the American Chemistry Council (ACC). The library features samples of innovative materials and products with an emphasis on health and wellness in the built environment.

## Notable Projects

Material ConneXion clients have included design and architecture firms, government agencies, and large corporations such as Adidas, Target Corporation, PUMA, and BMW.
In 2001, designer Sandy Chilewich discovered a woven vinyl material in Material ConneXion's library that led to her Chilewich brand of household products and accessories. The company also worked with designer Harry Allen to find a sustainable, low-cost, post-industrial polypropylene packaging material for Aveda’s Ukuru line of cosmetics. In 2004, Material ConneXion helped Nike source a monofilament sleeving normally used to protect PVC pipes from bursting for use in its Air Jordan XIX.
Through its partnership with McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC) and the Environmental Protection and Encouragement Agency (EPEA), Material ConneXion is the only Materials Library in the world to feature Cradle to Cradle assessed and certified materials and the only materials consultancy to offer Cradle to Cradle Certification and Cradle to Cradle product development.

## Critical reception

In 2007, Material ConneXion was named a “Top Eco-Innovator” by The New York Times for its efforts to make information on sustainable materials and sustainable design practices more readily available to designers and corporations.
# Adotela

Adotela is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:
* Adotela apicalis (Sloane, 1893)
* Adotela atronitens Sloane, 1890
* Adotela australis Sloane, 1890
* Adotela bicolor (Castelnau, 1867)
* Adotela carbonaria (Castelnau, 1867)
* Adotela carenoides Putzeys, 1873
* Adotela concolor Castelnau, 1867
* Adotela esmeralda Castelnau, 1867
* Adotela frenchi Sloane, 1890
* Adotela grandis (Castelnau, 1867)
* Adotela howitti (Castelnau, 1867)
* Adotela laevigatta (Sloane, 1893)
* Adotela nigerrima MacLeay, 1873
* Adotela noctis (Sloane, 1893)
* Adotela striolata Putzeys, 1873
* Adotela violacea (Castelnau, 1867)
* Adotela viridis (MacLeay, 1871)
# Hillbrook (Washington, D.C.)

Hillbrook is a neighborhood in Northeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by Nannie Helen Burroughs Avenue to the north, Brooks Street to the south, 44th Street NE to the west, and Division Avenue to the east.
# 1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election

Elections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its "Parliamentary Committee") took place on 18 November 1982. In addition to the 15 members elected, the Leader (Michael Foot), Deputy Leader (Denis Healey), Labour Chief Whip (Michael Cocks), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (Lord Cledwyn of Penrhos), and Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (Jack Dormand) were automatically members.
All 15 members elected the previous year were retained. The value of being the top loser dropped as by-elections would be held for future vacancies under a change in the Parliamentary Labour Party's rules. The results for 20 of the 40 candidates are listed below:
| Rank | Prior rank | Candidate | Constituency | Votes |
| 1 | 2 | Gerald Kaufman | Manchester Ardwick | 142 |
| 2 | 7 | Neil Kinnock | Bedwellty | 131 |
| 3 | 1 | Peter Shore | Stepney and Poplar | 129 |
| 4 | 3 | Roy Hattersley | Birmingham Sparkbrook | 127 |
| 5 | 5 | Eric Varley | Chesterfield | 122 |
| 6 | 8 | Albert Booth | Barrow and Furness | 118 |
| 7 | 4 | John Silkin | Lewisham Deptford | 103 |
| 8 | 9 | John Smith | North Lanarkshire | 102 |
| 9 | 14 | Peter Archer | Warley West | 101 |
| 10 | 11 | Stan Orme | Salford West | 100 |
| 11 | 6 | Merlyn Rees | Leeds South | 93 |
| 12 | 10 | Brynmor John | Pontypridd | 90 |
| 13= | 15 | Gwyneth Dunwoody | Crewe | 85 |
| 13= | 12 | Bruce Millan | Glasgow Craigton | 85 |
| 15 | 13 | Eric Heffer | Liverpool Walton | 82 |
| 16 | ? | Tony Benn | Bristol South East | 75 |
| 17† | 17 | Robin Cook | Edinburgh Central | 73 |
| 17† | ? | Joan Lestor | Eton and Slough | 73 |
| 19 | ? | John Golding | Newcastle-under-Lyme | 72 |
| 20 | 16 | Norman Buchan | West Renfrewshire | 70 |

## Footnotes
### Notes

* ↑ The Glasgow Herald confirms Kaufman and Kinnock placed first and second. Since none of the three winners for whom vote are not known were among the few who received more votes, Brynmor John could not have done better than 105, his 1981 result. As such the rankings from 7th to 15 are uncertain.

### References

* ↑ "Election for Whip goes to third ballot". The Glasgow Herald. 26 October 1982. p. 6. There were 52 nominations last night for the 15 Shadow Cabinet posts. This is a record figure and compares with 40 last year.
* ↑ Geoffrey Parkhouse (19 November 1982). "Foot's "Shadow" team will come from the same faces". The Glasgow Herald. p. 6.
vteLabour Party :
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# 1979 Gongola State gubernatorial election

The 1979 Gongola State gubernatorial election occurred on 28 July 1979. GNPP's Abubakar Barde won election for a first term to become Gongola State's first executive governor leading with 47.6%, defeating main opposition NPN's candidate, Ahmed Mahmudu Ribadu, who polled 34.6% in the contest.
Abubakar Barde emerged GNPP's flag bearer after defeating his closest contestant, Wilberforce Juta, who later became his running mate, at the party primary election by a margin of just three votes.

## Electoral system

The Governor of Gongola State is elected using the plurality voting system.

## Results

Three of the five political parties registered by the Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) participated in the election. Abubakar Barde of the GNPP won the contest by polling the highest votes of 47.6%. The total number of registered electorates was 2,284,500. A total of 650,725 votes were cast.
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Abubakar Barde | Great Nigeria People's Party (GNPP) | 309,775 | 47.60 |
| | Ahmadu Ribadu | National Party of Nigeria (NPN) | 225,310 | 34.62 |
| | Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) | 72,952 | 11.21 |
| | Nigerian People's Party (NPP) | 26,715 | 4.11 |
| | People's Redemption Party (PRP) | 15,973 | 2.45 |
| Total | Total | Total | 650,725 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,284,500 | – |
| Source: Africa Spectrum |||||
# Grane oil field

Grane (Norwegian: Granefeltet) is an offshore oil field in the North Sea located 185 km (115 mi) west of the city of Haugesund on the western coast of Norway. It is Norway's first heavy crude oil production field and Statoil's largest heavy oil field in the Norwegian continental shelf. The oil from the field, located in Block 25/11 is transported to Sture terminal via Grane oil pipeline. The injection gas is imported to Grane oil field from the Heimdal, located just north the field.

## Ownership

The Grane field is operated by Statoil, with Statoil holding 38% of the stake, Petoro – 30%, ExxonMobil – 25.60%, and ConocoPhillips – 6.40%.

## Technical features

The field lies in 128 metres (420 ft) of water at total depth of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft). The reservoir is nearly 27 square kilometres (10 sq mi) and has an average pay thickness of 50 metres (160 ft) with an average porosity of 33% and permeability of 5–10 Darcies. The reservoir consists of sandstones of Heimdal formation of Paleocene age, Lista Formation and has high viscosity.

## Development history

Norsk Hydro and partners started development of the field in 1991. The Grane field started producing in September 2003. 31 production wells were put into operation. The facility was designed by Aker Solutions Engineering in 2000–2003.

## Production

At Grane oil field, Norsk Hydro used the technology applied at its Troll and Oseberg fields to maximize production in Grane. An estimated 700 million barrels (110×10^$^6$ m$^3$) is expected to be produced by the field with 214 thousand barrels per day (34.0×10^$^3$ m$^3$/d). With the first horizontal well drilled, Hydro already reached a peak production by 10 March 2006 setting a record at 243 thousand barrels per day (38.6×10^$^3$ m$^3$/d) which exceeded the initially established field plan by about 30 thousand barrels (4.8×10^$^3$ m$^3$). From then on, the field supplied the market an average 220 thousand barrels per day (35×10^$^3$ m$^3$/d). The company expects 55% recovery from the field. This makes Grane third of the size of Oseberg and twice the size of Brage. There is no gas cap in Grane field.
The production profile of the Grane field (in million Sm$^3$ oil equivalent) is as follows.
| Year | Production |
| 2003 | 0.751066 |
| 2004 | 7.086147 |
| 2005 | 10.307771 |
| 2006 | 12.613752 |
| 2007 | 11.992443 |
| 2008 | 10.037249 |
| 2009 | 10.723929 |
| 2010 | 9.654461 |
| 2011 | 8.097365 |
| 2012 | 7.108406 |
| 2013 | 5.504911 |
| 2014 | 4.085547 |
| 2015 | 4.214624 |
| 2016 | 4.391 |
| 2017 | 5.832353 |
| 2018 | 5.62534 |
| 2019 | 5.118285 |
| 2020 | 3.986892 |
| 2021 | 3.063436 |
| 2022 | 2.102059 |
| 2023 | 2.04668 |