OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Hanson (engineer)

William Hanson MICE (1810 – 14 July 1875) was a government engineer in the early days of the colony of South Australia.

## Early days

Hanson was born in London, a son of Benjamin Hanson, fruit merchant and importer.
William was trained as an architect, and spent some time in a builder's office, then in 1836 began working for George Stephenson. He subsequently became manager of two English railways.

## Career in South Australia

He arrived in South Australia in late 1853. In February 1855 he was appointed engineer to the Adelaide and Gawler Railway Commissions, overseeing the construction of the line to Gawler and its extension to Kapunda (completed 1860), also to the Adelaide and Port Adelaide Railway. He was appointed chairman and engineer of the Railway Commission in 1857 and resigned early 1859, to be replaced by James Hill.
In October 1859, he was appointed engineer-in-chief of South Australian Railways, then in December 1860 he was appointed Engineer, Colonial Architect, and Inspector of Railways; and in June, 1865, he was made acting manager of Railways after the sacking of C. S. Hare, but retired in 1867 as his health deteriorated, and he lived with relatives at Walkerville and Parkin Street, Glenelg, which was where he died.
He was involved in the design and construction of the Thornden Park reservoir and its reticulation (piped network) to the city. He oversaw the completion of the Granite Island jetty. He recommended against building locks on the Port River and against selling the railways to a private company. He investigated the failure of the Torrens weir in 1859.
He became a member of the Adelaide Philosophical Society in 1865.
He was a director of the Provincial Gas Company of South Australia.

## Family

William was a brother of Sir Richard Davies Hanson, who was Premier of South Australia from 1857 to 1860, then Chief Justice. Other brothers were Joseph Laurence Hanson (ca.1808 – 23 July 1870), who was with the Railway Department, married with no children, and Edward Hanson (ca.1808 – 23 July 1870), an engineer with the Provincial Gas Company of Thebarton married to Catalina ( – 11 April 1877). He had three sisters: one married in England, another ( – 19 December 1890) married to Thomas S. Reed (22 May 1818 – 25 April 1914), chairman of the Destitute Board and secretary of the Geographical Society, and another unmarried.
He was married; they had a daughter.
# Kirti Stambha

Kirti Stambha is a 12th-century tower situated at Chittor Fort in Chittorgarh town of Rajasthan, India.

## History

Chittor has a history going back several centuries. It was an ancient centre of Jain tradition. Chittor is adjacent to the ancient city of Madhyamika. The Jain inscriptions at Mathura from the Kushana period (1st–3rd centuries CE) mention a "Majjhimilla" branch of the "Kottiya" gana, indicating that it was a major Jain centre. The famous Acharya Haribhadra Suri (6th century CE) was born in Chittor and wrote "Dhurtopakhyana" there.
There was a scholar Elacharya at Chittor from whom Vira-senacharya (9th century) learned the ancient Shat-khandagama and Kashayapahuda. Virasena later wrote the famous "Dhavala" and "Jayadhavala" on the basis of these books.
The 22 metres (72 ft) tower was built by a Jain merchant Jeeja Bhagerwala during the reign of Rawal Kumar Singh in c. 1179–1191 CE. It was the residence of Jinavallabha who propagated the Vidhimarga in the 12th century. From the 15th to 17th centuries, it was the seat of a Bhattaraka.
Three inscriptions have been found that mention Jija of Bagherwal community as the builder of the stambha. One of the inscriptions mention Dharmakirti, the disciple of Shubhakirti, who was disciple of Vasantkirti. According to the Balatkara Gana Pattavali, Dharmakirti headed the patta during 1224-1257 CE. Thus the structure dates from the 13th century, although an unrelated Jain inscription of 896 CE was found in the vicinity. Kirti Stambha is older than another tower in the same fort, known as the Vijay Stambha (Tower of Victory).

## Architecture

The tower is built in the Solanki style. The tower is 75 feet (23 m) tall. The tower is known for its intricate carvings and architecture. The seven storey temple is adorned by sculpture and mouldings from the base to summit. The carvings on each summit is different from other. The tower stands near the Saat-Bees Jain temple.
The lower level is called Hansh Peeth, then Sinha-mukh Thar, Gaja Thar and Nava Thar.

## Gallery

* A recent photo of the tower standing tall in Chittor
* Mahavir temple with Kirti Stambha
* Mahavir Jain temple
* Saat-Bees Jain temple near Kirti Stampla
# George Oteng

George Oteng is a Ghanaian politician and was a member of the first parliament of the second Republic of Ghana. He represented the Asiakwa-Kwaben constituency under the membership of the Progress Party.

## Early life and education

Oteng was born on 17 August 1916 in the Eastern region of Ghana. He attended Achimota School formerly Prince of Wales College and School, Achimota, currently known as Achimota College, with the nicknamed "Motown". He then moved to London to advance his education at the Co-operative College, Stanford Hall, Loughborough where he obtained his Co-operative Diploma. He worked as a Co-operative Administration Secretary before going into parliament. In 1968, Oteng was the then secretary of Ghana Co-operative Marketing Association Limited and was part of the delegation led by Mr J. Obuobi who was the registrar of Ghana Co-operative Marketing Association Limited to represent Ghana at the Afro-Asian Rural Reconstruction Conference held in North Korea in 1971.

## Politics

Oteng began his political career in 1969 when he became the parliamentary candidate for the Progress Party (PP) to represent Asiakwa-Kwaben constituency prior to the commencement of the 1969 Ghanaian parliamentary election. He assumed office as a member of the first parliament of the second republic of Ghana on 1 October 1969 after being pronounced winner at the 1969 Ghanaian parliamentary election. His tenure ended on 13 January 1972.

## Personal life

Oteng is a Presbyterian.
# Alexander Voulgaris

Alexander Voulgaris (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Βούλγαρης; born 1981) is a Greek film director, screenwriter, composer and actor. Films Voulgaris wrote, directed and scored include Thread, Roz and Higuita. His composing credits include The Last Note, Park and The Sentimentalists, the latter of which garnered him a Hellenic Film Academy Award for "Best Music."
Voulgaris is frequently credited as "The Boy." He is the son of Pantelis Voulgaris and Ioanna Karystiani.
# Pantelis Voulgaris

Pantelis Voulgaris (Greek: Παντελής Βούλγαρης; born 23 October 1940) is a Greek film director and screenwriter. His first feature film To proxenio tis Annas in 1972 won the first prize in Thessaloniki International Film Festival. His 1989 film The Striker with Number 9 was entered into the 39th Berlin International Film Festival. Two years later, his film Quiet Days in August was entered into the 41st Berlin International Film Festival. In 2005 his film Brides was entered into the 27th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Selected filmography

* To proxenio tis Annas (1972)
* Happy Day (1977)
* Eleftherios Venizelos (1980)
* Petrina Chronia (Stone Years) (1985)
* The Striker with Number 9 (1989)
* Quiet Days in August (1991)
* Akropol (1995)
* It's a Long Road (1998)
* Nyfes (2004)
* Psychi Vathia (Deep Soul) (2009)
* Little England (Little England) (2013)
* To Teleftaio Simeioma (The Last Note) (2017)
# Henry Coathupe Mais

Henry Coathupe Mais (14 May 1827 – 25 February 1916) was a British-born Australian engineer. He was engineer-in-chief to the Government of South Australia, and chairman of the Victorian Advisory Committee of the Institution of Civil Engineers for sixteen years.

## Early life and education

Mais was born in Westbury on Trym, Bristol, England, the son of Henry Mais (1805–1888), engineer, and his wife Amelia Jane, née Coathupe (1803–1868). Mais junior was educated at Bishop's College, Bristol, and was articled for seven years to W. M. Peniston, one of Isambard Kingdom Brunel's chief engineers, working on English railways. At Birmingham, Mais made steam engines and superintended the building of locomotives at Swindon, in 1850 he worked on the Port of Hull docks.

## Emigration to and career in Australia

Mais migrated to Australia, intending to start an engineering business arriving in Sydney in December 1850. However, he found unsettled conditions and became acting engineer for the Sydney Railway Company. Later he worked as assistant engineer for City Commissioners' Department on the water and sewerage works. In January 1857 a select committee accused him of inexcusable errors and 'gross misconduct'.
Mais then went to Victoria and worked for the railway contractors Cornish & Bruce on the Sandhurst-Melbourne line. For three years he was engineer and general manager of the Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company, he won praise as a 'first class man in every sense of the word'. The Colonial Bank of Australasia awarded him £25 in December 1863 for his conduct of the Melbourne railway during the floods.
On 27 March 1867 Mais was appointed engineer-in-chief to the South Australian Government on a salary of £750. He was elected president of the Royal Society of South Australia in 1885. He resigned as engineer-in-chief in March 1888 after being accused of accepting private work and using government draftsmen on Silverton Tramway Company projects.
Mais then became a consulting engineer in Melbourne, was chairman of the Victorian Advisory Committee of the Institution of Civil Engineers for sixteen years. He was a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (London), of the Society of Engineers UK, and the American Society of Civil Engineers. He died at his home in South Yarra, Victoria on 25 February 1916 and was survived by three sons and two daughters. He was buried in Kew Cemetery on 28 February 1916.
# Chrysler ME Four-Twelve

The Chrysler ME Four-Twelve is an American high-performance concept car that was engineered, developed and produced by Chrysler in 2004. The ME Four-Twelve name is a combination of the Mid-Engine with Four turbochargers on a Twelve cylinder engine.

## Background

There were two ME Four-Twelve vehicles produced. The first was an auto show version using performance expertise from DaimlerChrysler, but with limited operational capabilities. It was designed behind-the-scenes during 2003 by a small team. The auto show vehicle, unveiled at the 2004 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit, Michigan took less than one year for design and development. The exterior design was done by American Brian Nielander.
Chrysler announced at the 2004 NAIAS that the ME Four-Twelve was a full running prototype. At the time, key personnel within the Street & Racing Technology group at Chrysler directed by Dan Knott (also responsible for the Dodge Viper, SRT production adaptations such as the Dodge Neon SRT-4 and Dodge Ram SRT-10, Dodge Motorsports, and Mopar performance parts) were alerted that another project was being considered; to design and build a fully engineered and functional prototype demonstration vehicle capable of achieving the published performance claims and being available for media track evaluation by the summer of 2004.

## Design

The chassis tub of the ME Four-Twelve was carbon-fiber and aluminum honeycomb. It used a 4130 steel rear subframe and aluminum castings. The body was lightweight carbon fiber. The low profile of the vehicle contributed to its aerodynamics, while multiple air-intakes enhance cooling. The car used 265/35ZR19 tires in the front and 335/30ZR20 tires in the rear (on 19- and 20-inch cast-aluminum wheels, respectively). The brakes were six-piston-calipers with 16-inch discs at the front and back.
The modified 6.0 L aluminum Mercedes-Benz M120 V12 engine featured a newly developed cylinder head, special intake and exhaust manifolds, as well as forged internals such as pistons and crankshaft to accommodate the forced induction system (i.e., four turbochargers), which brought the output of the engine to 850 hp (634 kW; 862 PS). This would have made it the most powerful, as well as the fastest, road-going production vehicle at the time. The seven-speed transmission was a dual-clutch automatic transmission, with the capability of shifting gears in 200 milliseconds. Claimed acceleration from 0-60 mph was 2.9 seconds, and 0-100 mph in 6.2 seconds. It could cover a quarter mile in 10.6 seconds, with a trap speed of 136 mph (219 km/h). Estimated top speed was claimed to be 248 mph (399 km/h).
The ME 412's interior featured leather seats, a carbon fiber dashboard, and a chrome-covered center console with a leather tilt steering wheel, and gunmetal gauges. Other features included dual-zone climate control, a premium audio system, keyless access, and a push-button start system. The roof was made of glass.
# APJ

APJ may refer to:
* The Astrophysical Journal
* Apelin receptor
* Absolute probability judgement
* Asia-Pacific
* A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015), former President of India
* Peach Aviation ICAO Airlines Code
* Ngari Burang Airport IATA Airport code
# Desmod

Desmod is a Slovak co-ed band that mainly plays mainstream pop-rock songs. It consists of Mário "Kuly" Kollár, Dušan Minka, Jano Škorec, Rišo Synčák, Rišo Nagy, and Michal Kožuch.

## History

The beginnings of Desmod took back to 1986, when the predecessor of the present-day Desmod was formed, a heavy-metal band from Nitra, playing mainly songs taken from Slovak and foreign artists. When the group's original "heavy-metal" line-up of the group disintegrated completely, it went through several line-up changes alternated the occupation of individual instruments in 1996.

## Members

* Kuly (born Mário Kollár; vocals)
* Dušan Minka (bass guitar)
* Jano Škorec (drums)
* Mirka (guitar)
* Rišo Nagy (guitar)

## Discography
### Albums

* 001 (2000)
* Mám chuť (2001)
* Derylov svet (2003)
* Skupinová terapia (2004)
* Uhol pohľadu (2006)
* Kyvadlo (2007)
* Vitajte na konci sveta (2010)
* Iný rozmer (2011)
* Javorový album (2012)
* Molekuly zvuku (2017)
# Sonja Atanasijević

Sonja Atanasijević (Serbian Cyrillic: Соња Атанасијевић) (born in 1962) is a Serbian prose author and journalist, lives in Belgrade.

## Published works
### Novels

* Oni su ostali, (They Remained) 1995.
* Crveni krug, (Red Circle) 1997, 2007.
* Bekstvo iz akvarijuma, (Escape from the Aquarium) 2003, 2005.
* Narandže za Božanu, (Oranges for Bozana) 2004, 2005.
* Ko je ubio Alfija, (Who Killed Alfi) 2009.
* Vazdušni ljudi, (Air People) 2013, 2014.
* Velika laž, (The Great Lie) 2016.
* Spavaj, zveri moja (Sleep, My Beast) 2020.
* Veštice iz Ilinaca (Witches from Ilinci), 2023.

### Story collections

* Krilata tuga, (Winged Sadness) 2005.
Her novels Escape from the Aquarium and Oranges for Bozana won the prize Zlatni hit liber from Radio Television of Serbia. The novel Air People won the prize Branko Copic from Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
# Mary (ship)

Numerous vessels have borne the name Mary:
* Mary (1793 ship), of 302 tons (bm), was built in India. She made one voyage to England for the British East India Company (EIC). Captain Thomas Stephenson sailed from Calcutta on 21 August 1795. She was at Madras on 28 September, reached Saint Helena on 18 January 1796, and arrived at the Downs on 18 September.
* Mary (1806 ship) was launched at Liverpool and made one voyage as a slave ship before the British slave trade ended, during which voyage she engaged in a notable friendly fire action with two British warships. She then traded with Haiti and Brazil, and possibly made one voyage to India. Next she then became a whaler and was lost in 1825 in the Pacific on the second of two whaling voyages.
* Mary (1811 Bideford ship) was a West Indiaman that made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales. She then returned to the West Indies trade, before trading with Quebec; she was last listed in 1835.
* Mary (1811 Ipswich ship) made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC), to New South Wales (NSW), and Bengal. She continued to trade with Australia and then made five voyages transporting convicts there: two to New South Wales, two to Van Diemen's Land, and one in which she carried convicts to both. She was last listed in 1841.
# Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation

The Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, established in 2005 by the American Chemical Society. The editor-in-chief is Laura Gagliardi (University of Chicago). Originally bimonthly, the journal switched to monthly in 2008.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
* Embase
* Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 5.7.
# Aleksandr Sapeta

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Sapeta (Russian: Александр Серге́евич Сапета; born 28 June 1989) is a Russian former footballer who played as central midfielder.

## Club career

He has been playing in the Saturn system throughout his youth years. He made his debut for the main Saturn team on 26 October 2008 when he was a starter in the Premier League match against FC Moscow.
In winter 2011 Sapeta was signed by FC Dynamo Moscow.
On 9 August 2012, he came off the bench to score a brace in a 5–0 win against Dundee United in the second leg of their third qualifying round tie in the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.
On 22 February 2018, he signed a 2-year contract with FC Rostov. He was released from his Rostov contract by mutual consent on 21 August 2018.
On 27 January 2022, he joined FC Kuban Krasnodar on loan.
On 1 March 2024 he signed with FC Dynamo Saint Petersburg from the Russian Second League.

## International career

Sapeta was one of the members of the Russian U-17 squad that won the 2006 UEFA U-17 Championship.

## Career statistics

    As of 12 December 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Saturn Ramenskoye | 2007 | RPL | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0 |
| Saturn Ramenskoye | 2008 | RPL | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
| Saturn Ramenskoye | 2009 | RPL | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Saturn Ramenskoye | 2010 | RPL | 24 | 3 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 25 | 3 |
| Saturn Ramenskoye | Total | Total | 40 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 3 |
| Dynamo Moscow | 2011–12 | RPL | 32 | 2 | 4 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 36 | 3 |
| Dynamo Moscow | 2012–13 | RPL | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | – | – | 26 | 2 |
| Ural Yekaterinburg | 2013–14 | RPL | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 6 | 1 |
| Ural Yekaterinburg | 2014–15 | RPL | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 0 | 19 | 1 |
| Ural Yekaterinburg | 2015–16 | RPL | 29 | 7 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 31 | 7 |
| Ural Yekaterinburg | Total | Total | 53 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 56 | 9 |
| Dynamo Moscow | 2016–17 | FNL | 33 | 3 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 36 | 3 |
| Dynamo Moscow | 2017–18 | RPL | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 13 | 0 |
| Dynamo Moscow | Total (2 spells) | Total (2 spells) | 97 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 111 | 8 |
| Rostov | 2017–18 | RPL | 5 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 2018–19 | FNL | 24 | 3 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 | 28 | 3 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 2019–20 | FNL | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 24 | 0 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 2020–21 | FNL | 34 | 8 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 36 | 8 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 2021–22 | RPL | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 9 | 0 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Total | Total | 87 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 97 | 11 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 282 | 28 | 23 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 313 | 31 |
* ↑ Appearance in the UEFA Intertoto Cup
* ↑ Appearances in the UEFA Europa League
* ↑ Appearance in the relegation play-offs
* ↑ Appearances in the promotion play-offs
# West Branch Oyster River

The West Branch Oyster River is a 3.3-mile-long (5.3 km) tributary of the Oyster River in Warren, Maine. From its source (44°08′57″N 69°12′47″W﻿ / ﻿44.1492°N 69.2131°W﻿ / 44.1492; -69.2131﻿ (West Branch Oyster River source)), the stream runs about 2 miles south and 1 mile east to its confluence with the main stem of the Oyster River.
# K.C. Confectionery Limited

K.C. Confectionery Limited is one of the largest confectioners in the Caribbean region. Founded in 1922 by Ibrahim Khan as a cottage industry and developed as a factory in 1957, but it was fully automated in the early 1990s. Today 65% of the goods are exported. The main Foreign Markets of this company are targeted in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominican Republic, Dominica, Grenada and Carriacou, Guyana, St Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Jamaica, Suriname, British Virgin Islands, Curacao, Aruba and Guadeloupe.

## Locations

K.C. Confectionery headquarters are in Trinidad and Tobago, at Couva.

## Products manufactured and distributed by K.C. Candy
### Gum

* Cosmic II
* Cosmic Gumballs (Gumballes de Cosmic)
* Cricket Gumballs
* Football Gum
* Ice Blass
* Jalapeño
* Sour Face
* Speckled Egg
* Pumpkin
* Watermelon

### Hard Candy

* Choco Fill Mints
* Chocolate Centre
* Clear Mints
* Dinner Mint
* Fruit Fantasy
* Ginger Mint
* Ice Mint
* Mango Chilli
* Menthol Drop
* Menthol Drop Light
* Super Mint
* After Dinner Mints

### Lolli Pops

* Frenzi pop
* Gumbo Pops
* Red Tongue Pops
* Tamarind Pops
* Peanut Pops
* Guava Pops

### Mixtures

* Fun Mix
* Kiddy Candy
* Trini Mints

### Toffees & Chews

* Creamy Toffees
* Fruit Chews
* Orange Quality Toffees
* Strawberry Quality Toffees
* Strongman Toffee

### Bar

* Butter Nut
# 2023 Karachi mayoral election

The 2023 Karachi Mayoral election took place on 15 June 2023. Both Barrister Murtaza Wahab of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and Hafiz Naeem Ur Rehman of Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) ran for mayor. Salman Abdullah Murad and Saifuddin Awan were the PPP and JI's respective candidates for deputy mayor.

## Results

According to unofficial results, Murtaza Wahab of the PPP won the election. Naeem Ur Rehman received 160 votes, compared to his 173 votes.

## Aftermath

Clashes erupted outside the Arts Council of Pakistan after Murtaza Wahab won Karachi's mayoral election. The JI alleges that the poll was rigged and announced a “Black Day” across the country on 16 June 2023.
# Oedipus Judaicus

Oedipus Judaicus by William Drummond was first published in 1811 in a limited edition of 200 copies. The book was originally intended for use in a scholastic setting in an attempt to protect Drummond's political career from ridicule.
The work is a commentary on a supposed astrological allegory in the Old Testament of the Bible, patterned after the Oedipus Aegyptiacus of Kircher. In the book, Drummond seeks possible sources of the Biblical writings, from the Temple of Denderah to parallels with the Roman gods, dealing primarily with the 49th chapter of Genesis and the book of Joshua to draw his conclusions.
The book was reprinted in 1866 and again in 1986, and is again in print.

## External articles and references

* The Oedipus Judaicus. Entire text at Google Books
* This article about a Judaism-related book or text is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Boss Audio

BOSS Audio Systems is an American manufacturer of audio and video equipment for automotive, power sport and marine applications.
The company was founded by Sam Rabbani in 1987.
BOSS Audio Systems mainly makes automotive and marine audio equipment.