OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1953 Nutts Corner BEA Vickers Viking accident

On 5 January 1953, a Vickers Viking airliner operated by British European Airways crashed on approach to Belfast Nutts Corner Airport, Northern Ireland. The aircraft was on a domestic flight from London Northolt Airport with 31 passengers and 4 crew on board. Twenty-four of the passengers and three crew members died in the accident.

## Aircraft

The Vickers Type 610 Viking 1B airliner, powered by two Bristol Hercules 634 14-cylinder radial engines, was registered G-AJDL with manufacturer's serial number 262. It was delivered to British European Airways in March 1949. Originally named Vortex by the airline, it was renamed Lord St Vincent around 1951.

## Accident

G-AJDL left Northolt at 07:27, 25 minutes late. Two hours later it was on approach to Nutts Corner. When the aircraft was 3 miles (4.8 km) out from the runway threshold it was 90 feet (27 m) above the glideslope. The aircraft then rapidly lost height and hit the pole supporting an approach light a short distance from the aerodrome. Following the initial impact the aircraft hit further poles; it then hit a mobile standard beam approach van before striking a brick building housing equipment operating the instrument landing system about 200 yards (180 m) from the runway. This impact caused the aircraft to break up. There was a slight fire after the accident.

## Investigation

A board of inquiry was formed to investigate the accident, chaired by David Scott Cairns, QC. It opened in London on 14 April 1953. After hearing evidence, the board concluded that the pilot, Captain Hartley, made "errors of judgement" but that no moral blame was to be attached to him regarding the accident. The board mentioned that hitting the van stopped any chance of the aircraft reaching the runway, and then hitting the building made a tragedy inevitable. The approach lights were found to not be at the top of the poles, to ease maintenance; although that was not judged a factor in the crash, the lights were moved to the top of the poles following the accident. It was also recommended that when the ILS building was rebuilt that it should be offset from the approach path, or that it should be sited underground.
# Ben Parry

Ben Parry is a retired American soccer defender who played professionally in the USISL.

## Youth

In 1993, Parry graduated from North Stanly High School where he was an All State soccer player. He attended UNC Charlotte where he was a 1997 Second Team All American.

## Professional

In 1996, Parry played for the Cocoa Expos. On February 1, 1998, the San Jose Clash selected Parry in the first round (third overall) of the 1998 MLS College Draft. He spent most of the beginning of the season on injured reserve before going on loan to the MLS Project 40 team for three weeks. He contracted a serious stomach virus while touring Mexico during the 1998 pre season. Parry was projected to be the starting right back during the 1998 season. He was released at the end of the 1998 season after sitting on the injured reserve list the entirety of the 1998 season. He signed with the Charleston Battery of the USISL for the remainder of the season. In 1999, he played for the Raleigh Capital Express and in 2001 with the Charlotte Eagles. He had a 2000 pre season trial with the San Jose Earthquakes but failed to earn a contract.
# Qoryale

Qoryale (Somali: Qoryaale) is a small town in the Togdheer region of Somaliland.

## Overview

Qoryale is located on Somaliland's main tarmac road that connects cities like Hargeisa, Berbera, Burao, Aynaba and Las Anod to neighbouring Somalia. The town itself is situated almost exactly at the center point between the city of Burao and the town of Aynaba, with a distance of 73km and 75km respectively.
Qoryale was founded in 1944 near a well and was and still is populated mainly by nomads from the surrounding area. Nearby is the Qoryooley wadi, of which the town gets its name from.
The estimated terrain elevation above sea level of Qoryale is 791m.

## Flora and fauna

Qoryale is home to a diverse set of bird species, including the buff-crested bustard, double-bounded corser and the chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, among many others.

## Demographics

As of 2015 Qoryale was home to roughly 800 families. It is primarily inhabited by the Ahmed Farah sub-division of the Habr Je'lo Isaaq.

## Education

The town is home to many primary and secondary schools, including the Qoryaale Boarding Secondary School. A secondary school was built in the town in recent years.

## Notable residents

* Ahmed Hurre Harriye - Commander of the Somaliland Coast Guard
# Storm Eva

Storm Eva (also called Chuck, Staffan and other names) was the fifth named storm of the Met Office and Met Éireann's Name our Storms project. Heavy rainfall from Eva occurred around three weeks after Storm Desmond had brought severe flooding to parts of Northern England, exacerbating the ongoing situation. The low pressure was named Chuck by the Free University of Berlin and Staffan by the Swedish Meteorological Institute.

## Meteorological history
### Forecasts

Eva was the fifth storm to be officially named by Met Éireann on 22 December 2015. An orange wind warning was issued for counties Clare, Galway, Mayo, Sligo and Donegal on the same day. Gales were also expected in the northwest of the United Kingdom, with storm force winds over parts of the Outer Hebrides. There were fears that the storm could cause further disruption to Cumbria in England, where areas were already dealing with the aftermath of flooding from Storm Desmond and in some cases had been flooded twice already. The army and Environment Agency staff were called in to be on stand-by to bolster flood defences.

## Impact

Rain associated with the passage of Eva caused disruption when rivers burst their banks in the Cumbrian towns of Appleby, Keswick and Kendal on the 22 December. Appleby received three to four feet of flood water. The village of Glenridding was flooded for the third time in the month. Six thousand houses in Ireland were left without power. In London, Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Liz Truss convened a COBRA meeting to decide on emergency measures, which included the deployment of soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment to the affected areas. On 24 December, flood defence gates were closed in Carlisle, Keswick and Cockermouth to limit the damage expected from rainfall and 20 water pumps and two kilometres (1.2 mi) of temporary flood barriers were transported to northern England. Ferries operating between Dublin and Holyhead were cancelled due to bad weather on the Irish Sea.
# Kënga Magjike 2018

Kënga Magjike 2018 was the 20th edition of the annual Albanian music contest Kënga Magjike and was held between 5 December 2018 and 8 December 2018 at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana. The three live shows were hosted by Ardit Gjebrea, Klaudia Pepa and Bora Zemani.
The winner of the contest was Flori Mumajesi with the song titled "Plas". This was his first victory in the contest as a singer though he was additionally the songwriter of the winning entries "Hape Vetën" by Aurela Gaçe in 2007 and "Ma Zgjat Dorën" by Eneda Tarifa in the following 2019 edition.

## Format

Kënga Magjike 2018, organised by Televizioni Klan (TV Klan), was the twentieth consecutive edition of the annual contest. The two semi-finals and grand final were held at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana on 5, 6 and 8 December 2018 respectively.

## Final

The grand final took place on the 8th of December 2018 at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana.
Key:  Winner  Second place  Third place
| Artist(s) | Song | Place | Points |
| Flori Mumajesi | "Plas" | 1 | 1092 |
| Aurela Gaçe & Eli Fara | "Zemra rratatata" | 2 | 863 |
| Fifi and MC Kresha | "Psikopatja jote" | 3 | 834 |
| Ronela Hajati | "Vuj" | 4 | 677 |
| Kejsi Tola | "Më ke mua" | 5 | 645 |
| Era Rusi | "Mos ma merr" | 6 | 595 |
| Rozana Radi | "Kur përfundon një dashuri si kjo e jona" | 7 | 557 |
| Olsi Bylyku & Lorenc Hasrama | "Si të flas" | 8 | 551 |
| Artjola Toska & Bruno | "Digjem" | 9 | 536 |
| Krusita | "Akull" | 10 | 504 |
| Mentor Haziri | "Më ke vra" | 11 | 448 |
| Klajdi Haruni | "Nuk të dua dot më pak" | 12 | 445 |
| Ardit Cuni & Daniela Toci | "Qaj" | 14 | 438 |
| Wendi Mancaku | "Ëndrra ime" | 15 | 407 |
| Erik Lloshi | "Mos urre" | 16 | 369 |
| Manuel Moscati & Matteo Becucci | "Sempre" | 17 | 349 |
| Flori Nazifi & Inis Neziri | "Fli në krahët e mi" | 18 | 342 |
| Venera Lumani | "Lind për ty" | 19 | 338 |
| Revolt Klan | "Ndriço" | 20 | 334 |
| Rovena Dilo & Onat | "Ma jo" | 21 | 302 |
| Robert Aliaj | "Ah ku më hodhi zoti" | 22 | 270 |
| Kanita | "S'jemi ne" | 23 | 254 |
| Alar Band & Livia | "Të duam ty" | 24 | 244 |
| Kelly | "Ma ka fajin zemra" | 25 | 210 |
| Kastro Zizo | "Sonata e gjumit" | 26 | 196 |
| Mishela Rapo & Ergys Shahu | "Dashni e rrallë" | 27 | 165 |
| Genti Deda | "Sa t'kam dasht" | 28 | 156 |
| Sergio HD | "Love Don't Matter" | 29 | 140 |
| Viola | "Ai" | 30 | 137 |
| Giorgia Igliozzi | "Equidistante" | 31 | 130 |
| Amela Agastra | "Më ler" | 32 | 127 |
| Gerald Celibashi | "Diamante në sirtar" | 33 | 125 |
| Henri Mahmuti | "Nuk kthehët pas" | 34 | 115 |
| Xhon Jesku | "Ty nuk të kam" | 35 | 110 |
| Marko Strazimiri | "4 0 3" | 36 | 109 |
| J Gashi | "Hola" | 37 | 89 |
| Rigersa Zefi | "Të kam humb" | 38 | 85 |
| ROD | "Engjëll" | 39 | 73 |
| Xhoi | "Aq sa më do" | 40 | 71 |
| Lidia Lufi | "Duaj" | 41 | 71 |
| Silvi Mema | "Për ty" | 42 | 27 |
# 2018 Sark general election

General elections were held in Sark on 12 December 2018. The elections saw 15 candidates contest the nine available seats in the Chief Pleas, the first time seats were contested since 2012. Seven of the nine elected members were new to the legislature.
The election was conducted under plurality block voting.

## Results

| Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
| Helen Mildred Plummer | 205 | 10.50 | Re-elected |
| Philip David Long | 192 | 9.84 | Elected |
| John David Guille | 191 | 9.79 | Elected |
| Christopher Drillot | 165 | 8.46 | Elected |
| William George Raymond | 152 | 7.79 | Re-elected |
| Amanda Jayne de Carteret | 143 | 7.33 | Elected |
| Ellen Naomi Lalor | 138 | 7.07 | Elected |
| Rodney Stewart Lalor | 123 | 6.30 | Elected |
| Simon Ashley Couldridge | 121 | 6.20 | Elected |
| Edric Baker | 110 | 5.64 | Unseated |
| Diane Baker | 108 | 5.64 | Unseated |
| Fern Joanne Turner | 100 | 5.13 | |
| Natalie Alexandra Craik | 90 | 4.61 | |
| Michael Joseph Doyle | 75 | 3.84 | |
| Frank William Makepeace | 38 | 1.95 | |
| Total | 1,951 | 100 | |
| Valid votes | 251 | 96.54 | |
| Spoiled votes | 9 | 3.46 | |
| Total votes cast | 260 | 100 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 363 | 71.63 | |
| Source: Returning Officer, BBC ||||
# Aetius (philosopher)

Aetius (/eɪˈiːʃiəs/; Greek: Ἀέτιος) was a 1st- or 2nd-century AD doxographer and Eclectic philosopher.

## Works

None of Aetius' works survives today, but he solves a mystery about two major compilations of philosophical quotes. There are two extant books named De Placita Philosophorum (Περὶ τῶν ἀρεσκόντων φιλοσόφοις φυσικῶν δογμάτων, "Opinions of the Philosophers") and Eclogae Physicae (Ἐκλογαὶ φυσικαὶ καὶ ἠθικαί, "Physical and Moral Extracts"). The first of these is by Pseudo-Plutarch and the second is by Stobaeus. They are clearly both abridgements of a larger work. Hermann Diels, in his great Doxographi Graeci (1879), discovered that the 5th-century CE theologian Theodoret had full versions of the quotes which were shortened in the abridgements. This means that Theodoret had managed to procure the original book which Pseudo-Plutarch and Stobaeus had shortened. He calls this book "Aetiou tên peri areskontôn sunagôgên (Ἀετίου περὶ τῶν Ἀρεσκόντων Συναγωγήν)" and therefore we ascribe the original Placita to Aetius.
Diels claimed that Aetius himself was merely abridging a work which Diels (1879) called Oldest Tenets or, in Latin, Vetusta Placita. Unlike Aetius, whose existence is attested by Theodoret, the Vetusta Placita is Diels' invention and is generally disregarded by modern classicists
Quotes which are ascribed to Aetius in scholarly essays were actually discovered in either the abridgements of Pseudo-Plutarch or Stobaeus, or Theodoret's full quotes in rare cases, or finally one of several ancient authors who provided corrections to misquotes in one of these works.
# Blinkeyes

Blinkeyes is a 1926 British silent drama film directed by George Pearson and starring Betty Balfour, Tom Douglas, and Frank Stanmore.
It was shot at Cricklewood Studios in London. It was the final collaboration between Pearson and Balfour and was considered a disappointment compared to their earlier work.

## Plot

A young orphan dancer named Blinkeyes resides with her elderly uncle Dick. One evening, after leaving the theater, she is struck by a car driven by Ken Clay, a wealthy young man. Though uninjured, she berates Ken because his appearance reminds her of the man who seduced and abandoned her late mother. Upon returning home, Blinkeyes discovers that Uncle Dick has incurred a debt, and neither her boyfriend, the Basher, nor her friend Flowerpots, can assist in raising the required funds. Feeling desperate, she visits a bar and announces that she is available for marriage to the highest bidder. Surprisingly, Ken Clay wins the bid. Reluctantly, Blinkeyes agrees to accompany him. However, Betty, Blinkeyes' jealous boyfriend, challenges Ken to a fight, giving them ten days to prepare. Despite the Basher's attempt to ambush Ken prematurely, Ken, a skilled fighter, emerges victorious. Blinkeyes begins to develop feelings for Ken, but her hopes are dashed when she reads in the newspaper that he is set to marry a young English millionaire. Seeking solace, she confides in her friend Flowerpots, only to have Ken pursue her.

## Cast

* Betty Balfour as Blinkeyes
* Tom Douglas as Ken Clay
* Frank Stanmore as Flowerpots
* Patrick Aherne as The Basher
* Hubert Carter as Clary
* Dorothy Seacombe as Bella
* J. Fisher White as Uncle Dick
* Mary Dibley as Mrs. Banning
* Frank Vosper as Seymour
# Akihiro Tabuki

Akihiro Tabuki (田吹昭博, Tabuki Akihiro, born June 20, 1971) is a retired Japanese professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Nippon-Ham Fighters during the 1995 Nippon Professional Baseball season.
# Voćin massacre (1942)

The Voćin massacre was the killing of 350 Serb civilians in Voćin, Independent State of Croatia, by the Ustaše Croatian fascist organization on 14 January 1942, during World War II. The massacre was carried out as retaliation against the partisans' action in Papuk.

## Background

On 12 January 1942, in a direct fight between the Partisans and the Ustaše, five Ustaše were killed, and two wounded, one of whom died later.
The Partisans withdrew to Papuk, and Ustaše returned to Voćin and waited for reinforcements from Osijek, Belišće and Virovitica.

## Massacre

On 13 January, some 300 Ustaše and Domobran soldiers began with plundering and burning Serbian houses. Civilians who tried to escape or resisted were killed and all others were arrested and taken to Voćin.
On the Serbian New Year, January 14, the biggest slaughter of the innocent population in Slavonia at that time started. Almost all the male inhabitants of the villages Jorgići, Zubovići, Dobrići, Kometnik and Sekulinci were killed.
During the massacre, a total of 350 civilians were killed.

### Acts of individual heroism

   They led us to a small basement, and as there was no place for everyone, some were forced to lay down. From the group, I was saved by the gendarme sergeant Luka Mustafić, because he noticed that I was a boy of 15 years. He took me by the hand, pulled out of the cellar, took me to the municipal premises and let me go when everything was over, after the shooting. He managed to save nine more people who had the task of burying the dead. The fact that he had helped the Serbs and anti-fascists caused him problems; they began to threaten him, so he fled to Slavonski Brod.
In addition to the victims, some managed to save many Serbs from Voćin and its surroundings. The Croat gendarme sergeant Luka Mustafić managed to save the lives of 10 Serbs during the massacre.

## Aftermath

On the following day, Ustaše transported Serb corpses to a mass grave that was excavated east of Voćin, along the Voćinka river.
The most significant consequence of this crime was the strengthening of the partisan movement in the area of Voćin and Podravska Slatina, exactly the opposite effect of what NDH's authorities tried to achieve. Although during 1941 and early 1942 there were not many local residents in favor of active resistance, due to increasing existential threats, a large number of Serbs from the surrounding villages joined the partisan units.
A memorial to the victims of this massacre was erected in 2007.
# Eremophila (bird)

The bird genus Eremophila comprises the two horned larks.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The current genus name is from Ancient Greek eremos, "desert", and phileo, "to love".

### Extant species

| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| | Eremophila alpestris | Horned lark | Europe, Asia, North America |
| | Eremophila bilopha | Temminck's lark | Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia and Western Sahara |

### Extinct species

There is at least one fossil species included in this genus:
* †Eremophila orkhonensis (late Pliocene of Central Asia, synonym = Pliocalcarius orkhonensis)
* †Eremophila prealpestris (late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)

## Description

Unlike most other larks, these are distinctive looking species with striking head and face patterns, black and white in Temminck's lark and black and yellow in most horned larks. In the summer males of both species have black "horns", which give these larks their alternative names.

## Distribution and habitat

These are larks of open country which nest on the ground. The migratory horned lark breeds across much of northern North America, Europe and Asia and in the mountains of Europe. Temminck's lark is mainly a resident breeding species across much of north Africa, through northern Arabia to western Iraq.
# Hartvig Nissen

Ole Hartvig Nissen (17 April 1815 – 4 February 1874) was a Norwegian philologist and educator. He founded Nissen's Girls' School in Christiania in 1849. In 1865 he became director-general in the Ministry of Education, while remaining one of three joint headmasters of Nissen's Girls' School until 1872. In 1873 he was appointed to the prestigious position as rector of Oslo Cathedral School.

## Personal life

Hartvig Nissen was born in Melhus Municipality as a son of Lutheran priest, Peder Schjelderup Nissen (1775–1826) and Bolette Margrethe Musæus (1774–1859). He was a grandson of Martinus Nissen and first cousin of Rasmus Tønder Nissen. He was the 8th child in his family of 10 children. His great-grandfather Niels Hansen Nissen was born in Fredericia in Denmark and moved to Trondheim in Norway, where he became a merchant. "Nissen" is a patronymic surname meaning "son of Nis," Nis being a form of Niels used in Jutland.
In June 1843 in Christiania he married Karen Magdalena Aas (1820–1900), a granddaughter of Erik Andreas Colban. They were the parents of cartographer Per Schjelderup Nissen and architect Henrik Nissen. His daughter Helga Johanne Arentz Nissen married Johan Johannson and was the mother of Johan and Ole Hartvig Nissen Johannson.
Hartvig and Karen were also grandparents of prison director Hartvig Nissen and Kristian Nissen.

## Career

He had great influence on educational policy in Norway in the 19th century, being the architect behind several law reforms. In 1873 he became rector at the Oslo Cathedral School. He was a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters from 1852. He was elected deputy representative for the Parliament of Norway in 1857 and in 1859, and was appointed Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1864.

## Selected works

* Om kvindelig Dannelse og kvindelige Undervisningsanstalter, (1849)
* Grundtræk af en Plan for Omdannelsen af Almueskolen paa Landet, (1851)
* Om Almueoplysningen og Almueskolen, (1852)
* Udkast til Love om Almueskolevæsenet paa Landet og i Kjøbstæderne med Begrundelse, (1856)
* Om Ordningen af vort høiere Skolevæsen, (1865)
# SOPHAEROS

SOPHAEROS is a computer code, used by the AECL and French Nuclear program to simulate the transfer of fission products in the reactor chamber. It models fission product behaviour using a set of aerosol dynamic rules, and is used by AECL in fuel channel safety analyses.
# Val Pola landslide

46°22′44″N 10°20′24″E﻿ / ﻿46.379°N 10.340°E﻿ / 46.379; 10.340 The Val Pola landslide (Val Pola rock avalanche) happened in Valtellina, Lombardy, Northern Italian Alps, on 28 July 1987 and resulted in the Valtellina disaster (destruction of villages, road closure, and flooding threat) with a total cost of 400 million euros. The calamity affected the province of Sondrio, but also other Alpine valleys in the provinces of Brescia, Bergamo, Lecco, and Como.
During June and July 1987 Valtellina witnessed an exceptionally high rainfall accompanied with rapid glacier melting due to the relatively high altitude of the 0 degree isotherm. As a result, the Val Pola Creek significantly eroded its valley flanks, including the area of debris accumulation of post-glacial landslides. This resulted in a fracture which detached an estimated volume of 35–45 million cubic metres of old debris from the Northern slope of the Mount Zandila (Eastern side of Pizzo Coppetto) first detected on 25 July. On 26 July evacuations of local villages started. The fracture eventually produced a rapid rock avalanche with subsequent shallow landslides of the Val Pola sides and a debris flow along the Val Pola thalweg. The flow entrained an estimated 5–8 million cubic meters of debris. The created alluvial fan dammed the Adda River and created a lake. The mass ran about 1.5 km downstream and generated an upstream mud wave 35 m high which traveled about 2.7 km.
Twenty-two people were killed by the main landslide, which created a huge wave in the temporary lake caused by a previous, smaller landslide.
The landslide resulted in a 35 m deepening of the Val Pola canyon.
The debris from the Val Pola rock avalanche and landslide impounded on the Adda River creating a lake with 6 million cubic meters of water. The landslide itself obliterated 5 villages and six hamlets with 43 people dying of various disaster-related causes. The total cost of the disaster and several months of its mitigation was about 400 million euros.
The resulting lake created the floodability threat, because the accumulated huge amount of water threatened to breach the debris dam and flood the Adda valley. Efforts to mitigate the threat included evacuation of about 25,000 people downstream, works to stabilize the debris tongue to prevent spill-over with subsequent dam breach, and works to drain the lake in a controllable manner.
The disaster coincided with the change of the government of Italy, including the replacement of the Minister of Civil Protection, which resulted in a certain amount of policy vacuum and non-optimal decisions.
By appointment of the Ministry of Civil Protection, a large monitoring system was installed on many different sites throughout the Valtellina (Campofranscia, Spriana, Torreggio, Valpola), to check the progress of the landslide phenomena.
In July 2007, a civil protection national exercise, Valtellina 2007, was carried out which simulated hydraulic and hydrogeological risk similar to that of the 1987 disaster.