OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2012 May Day protests

The 2012 May Day protests were a series of international protests that took place worldwide on 1 May 2012 over the then ongoing global economic crisis.

## History

The first May Day protests originated in several countries throughout Europe including Stockholm, Madrid, London, Brussels, and Geneva in 1890. While the demand for an 8-hour workday was the primary concern that protesters were protesting for, other demands included improved working conditions, universal suffrage, peace among nations, and international solidarity. While it originally started as a labor movement in protest for improved wages and working conditions, protesters - who are primarily from working-class backgrounds - now demonstrate for celebratory purposes and tradition while many others do it to create change.
Over the decades, the May Day protests and demonstrations have expanded globally and internationally to other countries including Canada, Indonesia, and Taiwan. The protests are also a part of the Occupy Movement, a movement dedicated to protesting against capitalism and the corruption of corporations and to finding solidarity within labor unions and other activist groups.

## North America
### Canada

Protesters in Canada demonstrated to bring awareness about the impact that federal government budget cuts had on employment and job loss. The protest in Montreal also turned violent as more than 100 people were arrested during the protest.

### United States

Protests were held from coast to coast in major cities including New York City, San Francisco, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. Protests were often organized by Occupy movement. Turnout was lower than that of other countries because the protests were held on a work day.
* New York City – There were rallies protesting Wall Street, banks, and major institutions. A march to Bank of America was led by Occupy Wall Street. There were also protests of New York University's expansion into Greenwich Village. At least 50 people were arrested. Occupy Wall Street had called for a general strike, which did not materialize.
* San Francisco – Protesters disrupted ferry service.
* Oakland, California – Protests were dispersed by police with the use of tear gas.
* Seattle - Protesters in Seattle, who primarily consisted of teens and young adults in their early 20s, demonstrated to call the end to capitalism. The protests in Seattle got violent as windows and glass panels were shattered and smoke bombs were set off.

## Asia
### Indonesia

Thousands of protesters marched through the capital demanding higher wages and better working conditions. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono responded by announcing a higher tax-free income ceiling and additional subsidized housing.

### Philippines

Protesters gathered in Manila to demand higher wages and policies to prevent workers from termination.

### Taiwan

Protesters in Taiwan marched through the streets of downtown Taiwan to demand for a number of things including higher wages, lower school tuition, and better conditions for foreign workers.
# Leucoptera ermolaevi

Leucoptera ermolaevi is a species of moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is found in the Russian oblast of Primorsky.
# Confessions of a Broken Man

Confessions of a Broken Man is a studio album by country music singer Porter Wagoner. It was released in 1966 by RCA Victor (catalog no. LPM-3593).
The album debuted on Billboard magazine's Top Country Albums chart on October 8, 1966, peaked at No. 6, and remained on the chart for a total of 17 weeks. The album included the No. 3 hit, "Skid Row Joe". The album won a Grammy for Best Album Cover, Photography.
AllMusic gave the album a rating of four-and-a-half stars.

## Track listing

Side A
* "Men with Broken Hearts" (Hank Williams)
* "I Just Came to Smell the Flowers" (Vic McAlpin)
* "May You Never Be Alone" (Hank Williams)
* "Skid Row Joe" (Freddie Hart)
* "Take Me Back and Try Me One More Time" (Ernest Tubb)
* "How Far Down Can I Go" (Howard, Barney)
Side B
* "I'm a Long Way from Home" (Hank Cochran)
* "Confessions of a Broken Man" (Bill Anderson)
* "My Tears Are Overdue" (Freddie Hart)
* "I've Been Down That Road Before" (Hank Williams)
* "Thy Burdens Are Greater Than Mine" (Pee Wee King)
* "My Last Two Tens" (Vic McAlpin)
# Don Collinge

Frank Donald Collinge (14 October 1909 – 7 June 1944) was a Canadian fencer. He competed in five events at the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action during the Second World War.

## Personal life

Collinge served as a flying officer in the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War. Serving as a navigator, he was part of the crew of Stirling III LK594. The aircraft lost control and crashed near RAF Saltby during a night training mission on 7 June 1944, killing all on board. Collinge is buried at Harrogate (Stonefall) Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery.
# George M. Bedinger

George Michael Bedinger (December 10, 1756 – December 7, 1843) was an American military officer and politician who came to oppose the expansion of slavery to Kentucky He served in both houses of the Kentucky legislature and in the U.S. representative from Kentucky. His nephew Henry Bedinger became a pro-slavery congressman from Virginia.

## Early and family life

George M. Bedinger was born December 10, 1756, in Hanover, Pennsylvania, to parents Henry Bedinger (1729–1772) and Magdelena Schlegel (1734–1796), who had emigrated from Alsace. George attended an English school. The family moved to Virginia about 1762 (where his elder brother Henry (1753–1843) would remain). Meanwhile, his father Henry moved the rest of his family to Kentucky in 1779, and settled at Boonesborough.

## Military service

During the American Revolutionary War, George M. Bedinger served as adjutant in John Bowman's expedition against Chillicothe in May 1779. He returned to Virginia and served at the siege of Yorktown, and therefore missed the Battle of Blue Licks in Kentucky. During the Northwest Indian War, he was a major in Drake's Regiment in 1791, a major commanding the Winchester Battalion of Sharpshooters in the St. Clair expedition in 1791, and a major commanding the Third Sublegion of the United States Infantry from April 11, 1792, to February 28, 1793.

## Career

Bedinger won election to the State house of representatives of the first legislature of Kentucky in 1792. He served in the State senate in 1800 and 1801. He opposed Kentucky becoming a slave state, but was unsuccessful in this effort.
Bedinger was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses (March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1807). He engaged in agricultural pursuits. While Bedinger inherited several slaves from his brother, he freed the slaves he owned personally when they reached the age of 30, and reportedly offered to pay for their passage to Liberia, though only one accepted.

## Death and legcacy

Bedinger died at Blue Licks Springs, Kentucky, December 7, 1843. He was interred in the family cemetery on his farm near Lower Blue Licks Springs, Kentucky.
# Donatella Rettore

Donatella Rettore, also simply known as Rettore (born 8 July 1955, in Castelfranco Veneto, Province of Treviso) is an Italian singer and songwriter.

## Biography

Rettore started her singing career in 1973. Her early recordings were oriented towards Italian music. She became successful in 1979 when she recorded the album Brivido Divino. Her most popular hits are Splendido Splendente (Splendid Shining), Kobra, Donatella, Lamette (Razor Blades), This Time, Io Ho Te (I've Got You), Amore Stella (Love Star) e Di Notte Specialmente (Especially By Night). The majority of Rettore's albums are a mixture of pop, rock, disco music and ska. In the mid-1980s she experienced a slow decline in popularity, and she had to wait almost a decade before recording a top 10 Italian charts hit. Rettore's most recent album, Stralunata, is an anthological double CD & DVD which entered directly to n. 2 and stayed in the top 10 Italian charts for two months.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1982 | Cicciabomba | Miris Bigolin | Feature film debut |
| 1989 | Paganini | Miss Wells | |
| 1991 | Strepitosamente… flop | Raspa | |
| 2015 | #Romeo | Mystery woman | Short film |

## Discography
### Albums

* 1975 Ogni giorno si cantano canzoni d'amore (-)
* 1977 Donatella Rettore (-)
* 1979 Brivido divino (#12)
* 1980 Magnifico delirio (#8)
* 1981 Estasi clamorosa (#8)
* 1982 Kamikaze Rock'n'roll Suicide (#18)
* 1982 Super Rock, le sue più belle canzoni (-)
* 1983 Far West (#22)
* 1985 Danceteria (#20)
* 1988 Rettoressa (#47)
* 1989 Ossigenata (#39)
* 1991 Son Rettore e canto (#42)
* 1994 Incantesimi notturni (#32)
* 1996 Concert (-)
* 2005 Figurine (#45)
* 2008 Stralunata (#2 Dvd Chart)
* 2011 Caduta massi(#26)
* 2012 The Best of the Beast (-)

### Singles

* 1973 "Quando Tu" (-)
* 1974 "Capelli Sciolti" (-)
* 1975 "Ti Ho Preso Con Me" (-)
* 1976 "Lailolá" (-)
* 1977 "Carmela" (-)
* 1978 "Eroe"(#37)
* 1979 "Splendido Splendente" (#6)
* 1980 "Kobra" (#4)
* 1981 "Donatella" (#3)
* 1982 "Lamette" (#8)
* 1982 "This Time" (#8)
* 1983 "Io Ho Te" (#13)
* 1985 "Femme Fatale" (#19)
* 1986 "Amore Stella" (#42)
* 1987 "Adrenalina" (with Giuni Russo)
* 1989 "Zan Zan Zan" (#47)
* 1994 "Di Notte Specialmente" (#9)
* 2003 "Bastardo" (#29)
* 2005 "Konkiglia" (-)
* 2011 "L'Onda del Mar" (-)
* 2011 "Callo" (-)
* 2011 "Lamette Katana" (7" vinyl)
* 2012 "Natale Sottovoce" (-)
* 2013 "Ciao Ciao" (-)
* 2013 "Ciao Ciao" (Remixes EP) (-)
# Tim Crookall

Timothy Mark Crookall is a Member of the House of Keys (the lower house of Tynwald, the Isle of Man parliament) for Glenfaba & Peel, elected in the 2021 Manx general election. He was formerly Member of the House of Keys for Peel from 2006 to 2015 (succeeding Hazel Hannan), and Minister for Education and Children from 2012 to 2016. Since 2015, he has been a member of the upper house, the Legislative Council. He served as Chair of the Manx Utilities Authority from 7 March 2023 to 22 November 2023.

## Governmental positions

* Chairman of Isle of Man Water Authority, 2009–11
* Minister of Community, Culture and Leisure, 2011–12
* Minister for Education and Children, 2012–16
# United Kingdom–Vietnam relations

United Kingdom–Vietnam relations (Vietnamese: Quan hệ Vương quốc Anh – Việt Nam) refer to the bilateral relations between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. They established diplomatic relations on 11 September 1973, 3 years prior to Vietnamese reunification.
Both countries share common membership of CPTPP.

## Economic relations

The UK and Vietnam entered into a strategic partnership agreement, to boost bilateral ties, in 2010.
The UK and Vietnam trade is governed by the United Kingdom–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, a continuity trade agreement based on the European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, which entered into force on the 1 January 2021.
In July 2023, the United Kingdom signed the agreement to accede to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, a trade bloc of which Vietnam is a founding member.

## Diplomatic missions

The UK maintains an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam maintains an embassy in London.
# Chalk Creek

Chalk Creek is a 27.3-mile-long (43.9 km) river flowing east from the Collegiate Peaks mountain range in Chaffee County, Colorado. Mount Antero borders the southern side of the river, while Mount Princeton borders the northern side. The headwaters of the river are located at the Continental Divide. The river empties into the Arkansas River at the town of Nathrop, Colorado.
The river is named after the magnificent white kaolinite cliffs that stand at the entrance to the Chalk Creek valley, and are a result of hot spring deposits. These white cliffs are visible for miles in all directions, and stand in stark contrast to the otherwise wooded surrounding mountains. Stands of aspen trees and evergreens of various species surround the river for its entire length.
The river is surrounded by a mix of privately owned and US forest service land. Campgrounds and public trails, including the Colorado Trail, are located along the length of the river. Several hot springs emerge in this valley.

## History

The river has a history tied to the gold and silver rush in Colorado in the 1800s. Along the river, several towns sprouted along with the influx of gold prospectors. St. Elmo, Hancock, and Alpine are towns that were founded and flourished with the gold rush. The Mary Murphy Mine, one of the most productive mineral mines in Colorado, is located in Chalk Creek canyon.
The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad had a rail route that wound up Chalk Creek canyon into the Alpine Tunnel. The tunnel was built to allow trains to transport ore and supplies to and from the town of Gunnison, Colorado, located on the western side of the Continental Divide. The rail route was closed once the gold rush declined, and the Alpine Tunnel has since been sealed to prevent injury.
With the decline of the gold rush in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the towns in Chalk Creek canyon withered and became ghost towns. St. Elmo, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, has been transformed into a tourist destination and has several intact historic buildings.

## Fishing and camping

Chalk Creek provides habitat to several species of fish, including Brook Trout, Brown Trout, Cutthroat Trout, and Rainbow Trout. Camping is available at local commercial campgrounds and public National Forest campgrounds.
# Laurent Giovanninelli

Angel Laurent Giovaninelli, born on 15 September 1837 in Pastoreccia-di-Rostino in Corsica; died on 28 August 1903 in Frénois (Meuse), was a major general of the French army.

## Biography

Born on 15 September 1837 in Castello-di-Rostino in Corsica, he was admitted to the Special Military School of Saint-Cyr in 1855 ( promotion from Sébastopol ) then completed his entire career in the Infantry .
He was then promoted to sub-lieutenant at twenty, he served in Algeria and fought in Italy and Mexico (where he was wounded) in the Foreign Legion up to the rank of captain. And he was again promoted battalion commander during the Franco-Prussian War, where he commanded the 2nd battalion of foot hunters and the 19th marching battalion of the same weapon. He is injured on 27 November 1870 at the Battle of Amiens, and served with the Versailles troops against the Paris Commune in 1871. Promoted to colonel on 22 August 1880. He took command of the 128th Infantry Regiment in Sedan. In 1884, he was appointed to command in Tonkin a marching regiment made up of three battalions of line infantry.
During the Sino-French War, he was part of the two French brigades which went up Upper Tonkin and in February 1885 conquered the town of Lạng Sơn, in the north of present-day Vietnam. The first brigade, led by Giovanninelli (promoted to brigadier general on 4 March 1885) and Brigadier General Louis Brière de l'Isle, left Lạng Sơn to come to the aid of the besieged of Tuyên Quang . Most of his troops were then entrusted with to General Giovanninelli to rally the other brigade on 30 March, which had operated the much contested Lang Son Retreat and stabilize the situation, until the signing of a peace treaty.
Giovanninelli was a founding member of the Société de géographie de Lyon, Giovanninelli was elevated to the rank of major general on 12 July 1890. After successively commanding the 13th Infantry Division and the 3rd army corps, he was appointed president of the infantry Committee in 1894 and sits on the Supreme War Council. He was present at the inauguration of the National and Colonial Exhibition in Rouen in 1896. He received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor in 1899, and died on his property in Frénois, near Sedan, at the age of 65. .
# Jessica Guo

Jessica Zi Jia Guo (born 23 June 2005) is a Canadian left-handed foil fencer.

## Career

In 2019, Guo won the silver medal in the women's foil event at the Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru. In the final, she lost against American Lee Kiefer.
Guo represented Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. She competed in the women's foil and women's team foil events. She advanced to the Table of 16 in individual foil, and helped Canada to a fifth-place finish in team foil.
In 2021, Guo won the Cadet Women's Foil World Championship in Cairo, Egypt.
On 6 April 2022, Guo successfully defended her Cadet Women's Foil World Championship title in Dubai. In the final match of women's foil, Guo faced Great Britain's Carolina Stutchbury, winning with a 15-7 score. In the semifinal round, Stutchbury won against Japan's Rino Nagase, 15-10, while Guo defeated Italy's Matilde Molinari, 15-11.
# Robledillo de Trujillo

Robledillo de Trujillo is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 454 inhabitants.
# Ipomoea purpurea

Ipomoea purpurea, the common morning-glory, tall morning-glory, or purple morning glory, is a species in the genus Ipomoea, native to Mexico and Central America.

## Description

Like all morning glories, the plant entwines itself around structures, growing to a height of 2–3 m (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in) tall. The leaves are heart-shaped and the stems are covered with brown hairs. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, predominantly blue to purple or white, and 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is predisposed to moist and rich soil, but can be found growing in a wide array of soil types. It is naturalized throughout warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Although it is often considered a noxious weed, I. purpurea is also grown for its attractive purple and white flowers, and has many cultivars. Common cultivars include I. purpurea 'Crimson Rambler' (red-violet blossoms with white throats), 'Grandpa Ott's', 'Kniola's Black Knight', 'Star of Yelta' (blossoms in varying shades of deep purple with white or pale pink throats), and 'Milky Way' (white corolla with mauve accents).

## Chemistry

The triangular seeds have some history of use as a psychedelic; they, like I. tricolor, may contain LSA. Effects are reported to be somewhat similar to those of LSD.

### Flower color

Acylated cyanidin glycosides can be isolated from violet-blue flowers of I. purpurea. These anthocyanins were all based on cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, acylated with caffeic acid and/or p-coumaric acid.
Acylated pelargonidin glycosides can be isolated from the red-purple flowers of I. purpurea. The acylated anthocyanins were all based on pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, acylated with caffeic acid and/or glucosylcaffeic acid.

### Toxic treatments

Commercial morning glory seeds are commonly treated with toxic methylmercury, which serves as a preservative and a cumulative neurotoxic poison that is considered useful by some to discourage their recreational use. The US has no legal requirement to disclose to buyers that seeds have been treated with a toxic heavy metal compound. According to the book Substances of Abuse, in addition to methylmercury, the seeds are commonly coated with a chemical that cannot be removed with washing that is designed to cause unpleasant physical symptoms, such as nausea and abdominal pain. The book states that this chemical is also toxic.

## Gallery

* Light blue I. purpurea
* Pink I. purpurea
* Pink I. purpurea close-up
* I. purpurea in Loganville, Georgia
* Pink I. purpurea
* Purple I. purpurea close-up
* Purple I. purpurea close-up
* Scanning electron micrograph of I. purpurea pollen
* Violet-blue I. purpurea
# Kizhavaneri

Kizhavaneri is a small village located about 50 km away from Tirunelveli, south part of Tamil Nadu, India. It is an old village and the people living here are staying more than 500 years. The village is famous for St. Anne's Church which is located in the center of the village.

## Geography

Kizhavaneri is located 4 km East to Vadakkuvalliyur, and 1 km away from Thiruchendur Road

## Landmark

Saint Anne's Church, Kizhavaneri parish comes under Roman Catholic Diocese of Tuticorin.
# Ketikoti

Ketikoti (IPA: ), sometimes spelled as Keti Koti (Sranantongo: "the chain is cut" or "the chain is broken"), or officially Dag der Vrijheden (Dutch: Day of the Freedoms) is an annual celebration on 1 July that marks Emancipation Day in Suriname. The day is also known as Manspasi Dei or Prisiri Manspasi, meaning "Emancipation" or "Emancipation Festival". or Kettingsnijden (Dutch: chain cutting).

## History

Ketikoti marks the date when slavery was abolished in Surinam in 1863. However, enslaved people in Surinam would not be fully free until 1873, after a mandatory 10-year transition period during which time they were required to work on the plantations for minimal pay and with state sanctioned force: if they were discovered outside without a pass, they could be jailed. On 1 July 1955, Ketikoti officially became a public holiday in Suriname. On 30 June 1963, the statue of Kwakoe was unveiled in Paramaribo, Suriname's capital city to commemorate the abolition of slavery.
After 1873 many slaves left the plantations where they had worked for several generations, in favor of the city of Paramaribo. The former slave keepers were compensated. For the 32,911 released people that were kept as slaves in Suriname, an amount of ƒ 9,867,780.00 (In 2020 about €250 million) was paid to the slave keepers.

## Celebration

As of 2009 several cities in the Netherlands hosted various activities, making this day a day of national celebration and remembrance throughout the country. Since 2002 there is an official monument for remembrance of slavery in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This Nationaal Monument Slavernijgeschiedenis ("National Monument Slavery History") is in the Oosterpark in Amsterdam. The Keti Koti festival marks the date when slavery was abolished in Suriname and the Dutch Antilles in 1863. The festival organisation also aims to pressure the Dutch government for reparations and research. As of 2020, it is still unclear when the first slaves arrived.
# Chandler River (Maine)

The Chandler River is a 24.5-mile-long (39.4 km) river in Washington County, Maine. It flows from its source (44°42′49″N 67°34′48″W﻿ / ﻿44.7137°N 67.5800°W﻿ / 44.7137; -67.5800﻿ (Chandler River source)) on Cottontail Hill in Centerville to Jonesboro, where it empties into Englishman Bay.
# George Calvert Clarke

General George Calvert Clarke, CB (23 July 1814 – 9 February 1900), was a British Army officer who served in the Crimean War.
Clarke was born in 1814, and commissioned a cornet in the 2nd (Royal North British) Regiment of Dragoons (later Royal Scots Greys) on 30 May 1834. He was promoted to lieutenant on 7 October 1836, to captain on 20 September 1839, and received a brevet promotion to major in November 1851.
He served with his regiment in the Crimean War (1853-1856), where he took part in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–55), including the battles of Balaclava (25 October 1854), Inkerman (5 November 1854), and Tchernaïa (16 August 1855). He was promoted to brevet lieutenant-colonel in December 1854, for his part in the campaign, and received the French Legion d'Honneur. Promotion to the substantive rank of major followed on 26 February 1858, to the rank of colonel on 23 April 1860, to the rank of major-general on 6 March 1868, to the rank of lieutenant-general on 1 October 1877, and to the rank of general on 1 July 1881, the same year he retired from active service.
He was appointed Regimental Colonel of the 6th Dragoon Guards (The Carabiniers) on 4 October 1880, but changed back to his old regiment as Regimental Colonel of the 2nd Dragoons (Royal Scots Greys) in 1891.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1873.
Clarke died at Church-house, Uckfield, on 9 February 1900.