OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur Harden

Sir Arthur Harden, FRS (12 October 1865 – 17 June 1940) was a British biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin for their investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes. He was a founding member of the Biochemical Society and editor of the Biochemical Journal for 25 years.

## Biography
### Early years

Harden was born to Scottish Presbyterian businessman Albert Tyas Harden and Eliza Macalister. His early education was at a private school in Victoria Park run by Dr Ernest Adam. He went to study in 1877 at Tettenhall College, Staffordshire, and entered Owens College, now the University of Manchester, in 1882, graduating in 1885. He studied chemistry under Professor Roscoe at Owens College and was influenced by J.B. Cohen (author of The Owens College Course of Practical Organic Chemistry).

### Research

In 1886 Harden was awarded the Dalton Scholarship in Chemistry and spent a year working with Otto Fischer at Erlangen where he worked on the synthesis of β-nitroso-α-naphthylamine and studied its properties. After receiving a Ph.D. he returned to Manchester as a lecturer and demonstrator and taught along with Sir Philip Hartog. He researched the life and work of John Dalton during these years. In 1895 he wrote a textbook on Practical Organic Chemistry together with F.C. Garrett. Harden continued to work at Manchester until 1897 when he was appointed chemist to the newly founded British Institute of Preventive Medicine, which later became the Lister Institute. He earned the degree Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) from the Victoria University (which included Owens College) in June 1902. Five years later, in 1907 he was appointed Head of the Biochemical Department, a position which he held until his retirement in 1930 (though he continued his scientific work at the Institute after his retirement).
At Manchester, Harden had studied the action of light on mixtures of carbon dioxide and chlorine, and when he entered the Institute he applied his methods to the investigation of biological phenomena such as the chemical action of bacteria and alcoholic fermentation. He studied the breakdown products of glucose and the chemistry of the yeast cell, and produced a series of papers on the antiscorbutic and anti-neuritic vitamins.
Harden was knighted in 1926, and received several honorary doctorates. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he received the Davy Medal in 1935.

#### "Harden–Young ester"

Harden's work on glycolysis in yeast with William John Young led to the discovery of a phosphorylated ester that was known as Harden–Young ester until chemical analysis showed it to be fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. It is now known to be the product of phosphorylating fructose 6-phosphate by the action of phosphofructokinase; it is broken down into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by the action of aldolase.

### Personal life

Harden married Georgina Sydney Bridge (died January 1928) in 1900 and they had no children.
# List of monuments and memorials in Moscow
## Military monuments and memorials

* Monument to the Heroes – Schoolchildren
* Triumphal Arch
* Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

## Monuments and memorials to childhood

* Children Are the Victims of Adult Vices

## Monuments and memorials to labor

* Worker and Kolkhoz Woman

## Monuments and memorials to peace

* We demand peace!

## Monuments and memorials to people
### Discoverers

* Cosmonauts Alley
* Monument to Yuri Gagarin

### Militaries

* Monument to Fyodor Tolbukhin

### Musicians

* Monument to Sergei Rachmaninov

### Politicians

* Alley of the rulers of Russia
* Monument to Yuriy Dolgorukiy
* Monument to Vladimir the Great
* Monument to Robespierre (destroyed)
* Monument to Minin and Pozharsky
* Monument to Peter the Great
* Monument to Alexander II
* Monument to Lenin (Kaluga Square)
* Monument to Ho Chi Minh

### Philosophers

* Monument to Friedrich Engels

### Writers

* Monuments to Herzen and Ogaryov
* Monument to Leo Tolstoy (Prechistenka Street)

## Monuments and memorials to science

* Monument to the Conquerors of Space

## Monuments and memorials to victims of political repressions

* Solovetsky Stone
* Wall of Grief
# National Order of Honour and Merit

The National Order of Honour and Merit (French: Ordre National Honneur et Mérite) is the highest honour of merit awarded by the President of the Republic of Haiti. The Order was instituted on 28 May 1926 and is awarded in five grades to both Haitians and foreign nationals. The award is given to acknowledge distinction in not only the realms of diplomacy and politics but also the arts, charitable works and other fields of benefit or interest to Haiti.

## Award

The award is a white enamel Maltese cross with laterally-pierced ball suspension. The face has a circular central medallion bearing the arms of Haiti within a blue enamel ring inscribed with the words, ‘Medaille Honneur et Merite’. The reverse with a circular central medallion is inscribed with ‘République D'Haïti’ within a blue enamel ring inscribed in gilt letters ‘Liberte Egalite Fraternite’.

## Grades

Ribbons of the Order for Honour and Merit :
| Grand Cross | Grand Officer | Commander | Officer | Knight |

## Recipients

* United States J. Hunter Guthrie
* Grand Crosses;
** Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen
** Spanish State Francisco Franco
** Canada Mauril Bélanger
** United States Kenneth H. Merten
** United States Smedley Butler
** United States Sean Penn
** Argentina Eva Perón
* Commanders;
** United States Ben Moreell
* Knights;
** Haiti Issa El-Saieh (March 13, 1959)
# Belle (given name)

Belle is a feminine given name meaning "beautiful". It may also be a short form (hypocorism) of Isabella, Isabel or variations thereof.

## People

* Isabella Belle Kendrick Abbott (1842–1893), American author
* Belle Baker (1893–1957), American singer and actress
* Belle Baranceanu (1902–1988), American artist
* Belle Barth (1911–1971), Jewish-American entertainer
* Belle Benchley (1882–1972), American director of the San Diego Zoo from 1927 to 1953
* Belle Bennett (1891–1932), American stage and screen actress
* Isabella Belle Boyd (1843–1900), Confederate spy during the American Civil War
* Belle Brezing (1860–1940), American brothel owner, believed to be the model for Belle Watling in Gone with the Wind
* Belle Chrystall (1910–2003), British actress
* Belle Chuo (born 1986), Taiwanese actress
* Belle Cole (1845–1905), American singer
* Belle Cooledge (1884–1955), American politician, first female mayor of Sacramento, California
* Belle Delphine (born 1999), South African internet celebrity
* Belle Gibson (born 1991) Australian convicted scammer
* Belle Gunness (1859–1908), Norwegian-American female serial killer
* Belle R. Harrison (1856–1940), American author
* Belle Kinney Scholz (1890–1959), Euro-American sculptor
* Belle Goshorn MacCorkle (1841–1923), American former First Lady of West Virginia
* Belle Mariano (born 2002), Filipina actress, model and singer
* Belle Mitchell (1889–1979), American film actress
* Belle Montrose (1886–1963), Irish-American actress and vaudeville performer born Isabelle Donohue
* Isabella Belle Moore (1894–1975), Scottish freestyle swimmer
* Belle Moskowitz (1877–1933), political advisor to New York Governor and 1928 presidential candidate Al Smith
* Belle Perez, stage name of Maribel Pérez (born 1976), Flemish musician and songwriter
* Belle L. Pettigrew (1839–1912), American educator, missionary
* Belle Reynolds (1840–1937), American heroine of the American Civil War
* Belle Hunt Shortridge (1858–1893), American author
* Ruth Isabel Belle Skinner (1866–1928), American businesswoman
* Belle Starr (1848–1889), American outlaw born Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr
* Belle Story (c. 1887–?), American vaudeville performer and singer
* Belle Fligelman Winestine (1891–1985) American writer and suffragist

## Fictional characters

* Belle, from the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast
* Belle (Disney character), from the 1991 Disney film Beauty and the Beast, based on the fairy tale
* Belle (Once Upon a Time) (maiden name French, married name Gold), a character from the ABC television series Once Upon a Time
* Belle Black, from the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives
* Belle Dingle, from the ITV soap opera Emmerdale
* Belle Dupree, from the CBS sitcom Alice
* Belle Taylor, from the Seven Network soap opera Home and Away
* Belle Fontiere, a character from the Meta Runner and SMG4 series
* Belle the Sleeping Car, in Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Starlight Express
* Belle, a character in The Muppet Christmas Carol
* Belle Fontiere, Lucks' right-hand girl, Tari's rival and secondary antagonist of the Meta Runner internet series
* Belle the Tinkerer, from the Sonic the Hedgehog comics published by IDW
# Daer Water

Daer Water (Scots: daer; and, northern Scotland) is one of the streams located in the watershed region which surrounds the River Clyde in Scotland. It begins in the Lowther Hills about 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level and joins with Potrail Water near the Lanarkshire town of Elvanfoot at which point they become the River Clyde. The Daer Water flows through the Daer Reservoir which supplies water to the nearby towns of Lanarkshire.

## Etymology

The origin of the river-name Daer may be identical to that of the River Dare in Glamorgan, Wales (see Aberdare), and derived from the Brittonic dār/derw, meaning "oaks, an oakwood" (Welsh dâr, derw). However, recorded forms of this river name leave this equation, proposed by Watson, in doubt.
# Élodie Tessier

Élodie Tessier (born March 14, 1996) is a Canadian 2.5 point wheelchair basketball player. She was part of the Under 25 national team at the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Beijing, and the senior Canadian national women's team at the Americas Cup in Cali, Colombia, in 2017, and the Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Hamburg in 2018.

## Biography

Tessier was born in Montreal, Quebec, on March 14, 1996. Her legs did not grow normally; she is only 3 feet 11 inches (1.19 m) tall and uses a wheelchair. As a child, she was soon physically overtaken by her twin sister; but in high school, another girl in a wheelchair introduced her to wheelchair basketball. Élodie soon became the sportier of the two sisters.
Classified as a 2.5 point player, Tessier was part of the Canadian junior team at the 2013 Youth Parapan American Games in Buenos Aires (where she also represented Canada in the Under 21 3-on-3 competition) and then the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Beijing. In 2017, she won the Canadian Wheelchair Basketball League (CWBL) Women's National Championship in Montreal, Quebec, with the Gladiateurs de Laval. In the same year she was part of the senior national team at the Americas Cup in Cali, Colombia, where Team Canada was placed first. In April 2018, she was part of Team Quebec at the CWBL Women's National Championship in Richmond, British Columbia. Team Quebec came second, and she was named as an All-Star. In August 2018, she was part of Team Canada at the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Hamburg.
# Clovelly-class fleet tender

The Clovelly-class fleet tenders, also known as the Cartmel class, are a class of Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service boats built between 1967 and 1982. The class was named after villages and small towns in Great Britain. Six of the class, Clovelly, Ilchester, Instow, Invergordon, Ironbridge and Ixworth were equipped to act as diving tenders. Lydford was originally commissioned as A510 Loyal Governor, then renamed P252 Alert for service in Ulster until 1986.

## Ships in class

| Name | Pennant number | In commission | Builder |
| Cartmel | A350 | 1967–1993 | Plimbott |
| Cawsand | A351 | 1968–1984 | Plimbott |
| Clovelly | A389 | 1970-1994 | Plimbott |
| Criccieth | A391 | 1970–1992 | Plimbott |
| Cricklade | A381 | 1970–1996 | Holmes |
| Cromarty | A488 | 1970–1994 | Lewis |
| Denmead | A363 | 1969–1996 | Holmes |
| Dornoch | A490 | 1970–1997 | Lewis |
| Dunster | A393 | 1969–2000 | Dunston |
| Elkstone | A353 | 1970–1999 | Cook |
| Elsing | A277 | 1970–1995 | Cook |
| Epworth | A355 | 1969–1999 | Cook |
| Ettrick | A274 | 1970–1995 | Cook |
| Felsted | A348 | 1970–1997 | Dunston |
| Fintry | A394 | 1970–1997 | Lewis |
| Fotherby | A341 | 1969–1993 | Dunston |
| Froxfield | A354 | 1970–1994 | Dunston |
| Fulbeck | A365 | 1972– | Holmes |
| Glencoe | A392 | 1970–1992 | Plimbott |
| Grasmere | A402 | 1970— | Lewis |
| Hambledon | A1769 | 1972–2001 | Dunston |
| Harlech | A1768 | 1972–2001 | Dunston |
| Headcorn | A1766 | 1971–2001 | Dunston |
| Hever | A1767 | 1971–2002 | Dunston |
| Holmwood | A1772 | 1972–1999 | Dunston |
| Horning | A1773 | 1972–2001 | Dunston |
| Ilchester | A308 | 1974–2003 | Gregson |
| Instow | A309 | 1974–2003 | Gregson |
| Invergordon | A311 | 1974–1978 | Gregson |
| Ironbridge | A311 | 1978– | Gregson |
| Ixworth | A318 | 1974—2004 | Gregson |
| Lamlash | A208 | 1973—2001 | Dunston |
| Lechlade | A211 | 1972–2001 | Dunston |
| Llandovery | A207 | 1973–1996 | Dunston |
| Lydford | A251 | 1975–1996 | Plimbott |
| Meon | A87 | 1981–2008 | Dunston |
| Melton | A83 | 1981–2008 | Dunston |
| Menai | A84 | 1981–2008 | Dunston |
| Milford | A91 | 1982–2001 | Dunston |
# Raino Pesu

Raino Pesu (born 15 October 1972 in Joutseno) is a Finnish ski-orienteering competitor, world champion and winner of the overall world cup.
He received a gold medal in the short course at the 1998 World Ski Orienteering Championships in Windischgarsten.
He finished overall first in the World Cup in Ski Orienteering in 1999, and second in 1995.
# James Morris (sheriff)

James Morris (c. 1764 – September 7, 1827) was an American lawyer who served as Sheriff of New York County.

## Early life

Morris born at Morrisania, New York in c. 1764. He was the fourth son of Mary (née Walton) Morris and Founding Father Lewis Morris, third lord of the manor of Morrisania. His father was a prominent landowner who was a signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence as a delegate to the Continental Congress from New York.
Following the British conquest of New York in 1776, the family was driven from Morrisania, first to Philadelphia then to Rocky Hill near Princeton, New Jersey. He likely completed preparatory studies in Nassau Hall's grammar school before attending Princeton from which he graduated in 1784. While at Princeton, he was a member of the American Whig Society.

## Career

After Princeton, he began to study law and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1787.
In 1797, he was one of three justices appointed for trial of cases and in December 1798, he was appointed to the post of Sheriff of New York County and City, which he was reappointed in each of the two succeeding years.

## Personal life

On February 1, 1796, Morris was married to Helen Van Cortlandt (1768–1812), a daughter of Augustus Van Cortlandt and Catherine (née Barclay) Van Cortlandt. Her paternal grandparents were Frederick Van Cortlandt and Frances (née Jay) Van Cortlandt. Her maternal grandparents were Andrew Barclay and Helena (née Roosevelt) Barclay. Together, they were the parents of twelve children, including:
* James Van Cortlandt Morris (1796–1843), who married Catherine Charlton Post, a daughter of Dr. Wright Post, in 1824.
* Augustus Frederick Morris (1797–1859), who married her cousin Harriet Munro, a daughter of Peter Jay Munro, in 1823. After her death in 1836, he married Jane Catherine Maitland, a daughter of Robert Maitland in 1839.
* Catharine Morris (1799–1838), who married, as his second wife, Dr. Alexander Hodgdon Stevens, a son of merchant Ebenezer Stevens, in 1825.
* Helena Van Cortlandt Morris (1801–1852), who married her cousin, Richard Rutherfurd Morris, son of Col. Lewis Morris, in 1823.
* Richard Lewis Morris (1805–1880), who married Elizabeth Fish, a daughter of Adjutant General Nicholas Fish and Elizabeth (née Stuyvesant) Fish, and sister to U.S. Senator Hamilton Fish, in 1829.
* Robert Rutherfurd Morris (1807–1881), who married Hannah Edgar, a daughter of William Edgar Jr. and Cornelia (née LeRoy) Edgar, in 1834.
* Sarah Louisa Morris (1809–1831), who married Edward Augustus LeRoy, son of Herman LeRoy and Hannah (née Cornell) LeRoy, in 1828.
* William Henry Morris (1810–1896), who married Hannah Cornell Newbold, a daughter of Thomas Newbold and Catharine (née LeRoy) Newbold, in 1834. After her death in 1842, he married Caroline Halsted in 1846. After her death in 1848, he married Ella Birckhead, in 1850.
* Charlotte Hay Morris (1812–1838), who married Richard Frederick Kemble, a son of Peter Kemble, in 1836.
Morris died in 1827.
# Torgaut Jonson Smør

Torgaut Jonson Smør (fl. 1353–1373) was a Norwegian nobleman and riksråd (cabinet minister).
Torgaut was probably the son of the knight Jon Smør. According to historian P. A. Munch, Torgaut may have had his home in Borgsyssel. He did at least own land in Romerike, Oslo syssel and in Vestfold. He was in queen Blanche of Namur's service in 1353, and riksråd in 1369. In the years 1371-73 he was hirdstjore (governor) of Iceland. Torgaut was probably married to Gjertrud Guttormsdotter. Together they had the sons Klas and Eiliv, and the daughter Ulvhild.
# Cussey-sur-l'Ognon

Cussey-sur-l'Ognon (French pronunciation:, literally Cussey on the Ognon) is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Kseniya Baylo

Kseniya Olehivna Baylo (Ukrainian: Ксенія Олегівна Байло, born 25 February 2005) is a Ukrainian diver.

## Career

In 2021, Baylo and Oleksiy Sereda won the gold medal in the mixed 10 m platform synchro event at the 2020 European Aquatics Championships held in Budapest, Hungary. Baylo and Sofiya Lyskun won the bronze medal in the women's 10 m synchro platform event.
In the 2021 FINA World Junior Diving Championships in her home country Ukraine she won gold in the 3m springboard and 10m platform event of her age group B.
# Ville Ahonen

Ville Ahonen (born 14 October 1994) is a Finnish cross-country skier.

## Career

At the Junior World Championships he competed in 2013 and 2016 (U23) with modest results. He made his World Cup debut in March 2015 in Lahti. A breakthrough was his 16th place in the Oberstdorf sprint during the 2021–22 Tour de Ski. During the late 2021–22 FIS Cross-Country World Cup season, he collected World Cup points with 22nd places in Lahti and Holmenkollen, and began the 2022–23 season with a 15th place in the Beitostølen sprint. He equalled that placement in March 2023 in Lahti, and improved further to a 14th place in the Lahti 20 kilometres in March 2024.
Ahonen finished 10th in the sprint at the 2023 World Championships. He did not finish the 50 kilometres race.
He represents the club Imatran Urheilijat, as does his younger brother Olli Ahonen.
# Ben Fuller

Benjamin or Ben Fuller may refer to:
* Ben Hebard Fuller (1870–1937), Major General in the United States Marine Corps
* Ben Fuller (producer) (1875–1952), English-born Australian theatrical entrepreneur
* Benjamin Apthorp Gould Fuller (1879–1956), American philosopher
* Ben Fuller (singer), American contemporary Christian music singer-songwriter
# Oryctolagus laynensis

Oryctolagus laynensis is a species of rabbit that lived in the Iberian Peninsula during the Early Pleistocene.
# Nesjahverfi

Nesjahverfi (Icelandic pronunciation:) is a village located in Hornafjörður, a fjord region in southeastern Iceland. The population is of around 92 inhabitants in 2018.
# MaDonal

MaDonal (Sorani Kurdish: مادۆنال) is a restaurant located in the city of Sulaymaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan. It is designed to resemble the fast food chain McDonald's both in appearance and in menu; for instance, MaDonal's menu includes "Big Macks." It is one of two McDonald's-like restaurants in the town; the other one, Matbax, claims that MaDonal is "cheap quality".
The owner, Suleiman Qassab, fought in the Kurdish resistance during the 1970s. He became a refugee in Vienna, Austria, where he got a job as a cook at McDonald's. In the 1990s, he applied for permits to create a McDonald's in Iraq, but the McDonald's Corporation turned him down, due to economic sanctions imposed during the regime of Saddam Hussein, as well as the controlled economy of Iraq at the time. In response, he established MaDonal Restaurant, which is still in business. Since establishing MaDonal, Qassab has offered free food to U.S. forces, been threatened, and has become a "Kurdish celebrity." Qassab hopes to one day turn MaDonal into an actual McDonald's restaurant.
MaDonal is popular with Sulaymaniyah's youth, and the upper middle class. It is open even during Ramadan, the month of fasting in Islam.
Sociologist George Ritzer sees MaDonal as part of a trend of other countries developing their own regional variations of McDonald's. Journalist Christopher Hitchens said it was "reassuring" to see signs of progress like MaDonal "in an atmosphere that only a few years ago was heavy with miasmic decay and the reek of poison gas."
Qassab is just one of many who have requested permission to open up a McDonald's in Iraq. Should this happen, there has been speculation by some about whether McDonald's will eventually take legal action against MaDonal. However, MaDonal appears safe for now, as one journalist notes: "The flow of applications to open an Iraqi McDonald's stopped as quickly as it started, and the corporate lawyers never came to Sulaymaniyah."
# 1970 Montreal municipal election

The 1970 Montreal municipal election took place on October 25, 1970, to elected a mayor and city councillors in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The election was held against the backdrop of the FLQ Crisis.
Mayor Jean Drapeau was re-elected without difficultyshutting out the oppositionist Front d'action politique (FRAP) party. The election was held during the October Crisis and Drapeau as well as federal cabinet minister Jean Marchand, accused the left-wing FRAP of being sympathetic to the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ). Support for the FRAP collapsed and Drapeau's Civic Party of Montreal won every seat on city council.

## Results
### Mayor

vte1970 Montreal municipal election: Mayor of Montreal :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| (x)Jean Drapeau | 339,215 | 91.89 |
| André Desmarais | 11,072 | 3.00 |
| Manon Leger | 7,189 | 1.95 |
| Joseph Abraham | 3,831 | 1.04 |
| Jean-Guy Robillard | 3,492 | 0.95 |
| Claude Longtin | 3,442 | 0.93 |
| Lucien Monette | 1,269 | 0.34 |
| Total valid votes | 369,150 | 100 |
| Source: Election results, 1833-2005 (in French), City of Montreal. |||

### Council (incomplete)

vte1970 Montreal municipal election: Councillor, Maisonneuve, Ward One :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| (x)Pierre Lorange | 20,430 | 86.41 |
| Marcel Bureau | 3,213 | 13.59 |
| Total valid votes | 23,643 | 100 |
| Source: Election results, 1833-2005 (in French), City of Montreal. |||
vte1970 Montreal municipal election: Councillor, Saint-Michel, Ward One :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Rocco Luccisano | 9,092 | 57.24 |
| (x)Nicola Ciamarra | 4,445 | 27.99 |
| Raymond Bourget | 2,346 | 14.77 |
| Total valid votes | 15,883 | 100 |
| Source: Election results, 1833-2005 (in French), City of Montreal. |||