OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eric Whiteley

Eric Whiteley was a rugby union international who represented England in 1931.

## Early life

Whiteley was born on 20 July 1904, in Croydon.

## Rugby union career

Whiteley made his international debut on 21 March 1931 at Murrayfield in the Scotland vs England match. Of the two matches he played for his national side, he was on the winning side on neither occasion. He played his final match for England on 6 April 1931 at Colombes in the France vs England match.
# Robert L. Brock

Robert Lee Brock (December 27, 1924 – June 7, 1998) was an American businessman. He was born in Pawnee Rock, Kansas, and graduated from Sterling High School and the University of Kansas, where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity.
He started "Inn Operations" with a friend and sold it to Holiday Inns, Inc., to manage "Topeka Inn Management". As chairman of TIM (later renamed Brock Hotel Corporation), the first and at the time largest franchisee of Holiday Inns, he founded ShowBiz Pizza Place in 1980 in Topeka, Kansas after becoming a Pizza Time Theatre franchisee. He also started The Residence Inn line of hotels with Jack DeBoer. Marriott later bought the brand and renamed all locations "Residence Inn by Marriott".
ShowBiz Pizza Place Inc. later superseded Pizza Time Theatre Inc. after SPP bought the PTT assets and intellectual property in 1984. All SPP stores were renamed Chuck E. Cheese's by 1994. In 1998 ShowBiz Pizza Place Inc. was renamed CEC Entertainment Inc., and continues to do business under this name.
He died on June 7, 1998 in Dallas, Texas.
# List of Cypriot artists

"Notable" added as a qualifier IOT exclude names lacking a WP article The following list of Cypriot artists (in alphabetical order, by last name) includes artists of various genres, who are notable and are either born in Cyrpus, of Cypriot descent, or who produce works that are primarily about Cyprus.

## A

* Basel Abbas (born 1983) of the duo Basel Abbas and Ruanne Abou-Rahme
* Chris Achilléos (1947–2021), Cypriot-born British fantasy painter and illustrator
* Theodore Apsevdis, Greek Cypriot icon painter in the 13th-century
* Ruzen Atakan (born 1966), Turkish-Cypriot painter

## C

* Mutlu Çerkez (1964–2005), British-born conceptual artist of Turkish-Cypriot heritage
* Hussein Chalayan (Hüseyin Çağlayan, born 1970), fashion designer; lived in England
* Jake and Dinos Chapman, British visual artists, previously known as the Chapman Brothers; of Cypriot heritage

## E

* Tracey Emin (born 1963), English contemporary artist of Turkish-Cypriot heritage
* Haris Epaminonda (born 1980), photographer and painter; lives in Berlin

## H

* Xanthos Hadjisoteriou (1920–2003), Greek Cypriot painter and interior designer
* Mustafa Hulusi (born 1971), British painters, video artists, installation artists, and photographer of Turkish-Cypriot heritage

## I

* Yiota Ioannidou (born 1971), sculptor

## K

* Panayiotis Kalorkoti (born 1957), Cypriot-born British painter
* Telemachos Kanthos (1910–1993), Greek Cypriot painter
* Yorgos Kypris (born 1954), Greek Cypriot sculptor
* Giovanni Kyprios, Greek Cypriot painter of the 17th century

## L

* Lia Lapithi (born 1963), Greek Cypriot artist specializing in multimedia
* Marios Loizides (1928–1988), Greek Cypriot painter, printmaker, and costume designer; he also lived in the UK and in Greece

## M

* Niki Marangou (1948–2013), Greek Cypriot painter, author, and poet

## N

* Loukia Nicolaidou (1909–1994), painter, and the first Cypriot woman to study art abroad
* Nicos Nicolaides (1884–1956), Greek Cypriot painter and writer

## P

* Margaret Paraskos (born 1959), English-born Cypriot painter and educator
* Stass Paraskos (1933–2014), Cypriot-born English painter and educator

## S

* Stelarc (born 1946; né Stelios Arcadiou), Cyprus-born Australian performance artist
* Kallinikos Stavrovouniotis (1920–2011), icon painter
* Katy Stephanides (1925–2012), painter, leader within the Cypriot modernist movement

## V

* Stelios Votsis (1929–2012), painter and drawer
# Richard W. Munchkin

Richard W. Munchkin is an American writer, director, producer, radio host and professional gambler.

## Film and television

Between 1987 and 1999 Munchkin wrote, produced and/or directed in more than 20 movies and television shows primarily in the adventure genre including Guardian Angel (1994), with Cynthia Rothrock, Evil Obsession (1996), Fists of Iron (1995), Ring of Fire (1991), L.A. Heat (1999). and Edge of the World (2018).
In 2018 Munchkin starred as himself in Inside the Edge: A Professional Blackjack Adventure, a documentary about elite blackjack players.

## Gambling

Originally from Des Plaines, Illinois, Munchkin started playing chess and gin rummy at the age of three. His first exposure to the idea of playing for profit came when he was 12, when a family friend mentioned playing backgammon for money. Making about $100 or $200 a week, Munchkin was able to put himself through Columbia College in Chicago where he received a BA in Theater Arts by playing backgammon and poker professionally.
After graduating from college in the late 1970s, he moved to Las Vegas and worked as a dealer and occasional pit boss at The Castaways Casino. While working in the casino he learned to count cards, and after a few years was making more money playing blackjack than dealing, so he quit to become a full-time professional blackjack player.
In 2004 Munchkin competed in Season 1 of the World Series of Blackjack, a series of televised blackjack tournaments hosted by the Game Show Network.
In 2009 Munchkin was inducted into Blackjack Hall of Fame.
On gambling, Munchkin has said in a 2017 interview "I believe that every single game in the casino can be beaten... ...I have played winning games at almost everything."

## Writing

In 2002 Munchkin authored Gambling Wizards. In it he chronicles his interviews with some of the most famous gamblers in the world including Doyle Brunson, Tommy Hyland and Chip Reese.
He is a contributor to Blackjack Magazine, All in Magazine and Blackjack Forum.

## Radio

Munchkin currently hosts a weekly radio show, Gambling with an Edge, which can be heard on KLAV in Las Vegas.
# 2023 in Tajikistan

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
This is a list of individuals and events related to Tajikistan in 2023.

## Incumbents

| Photo | Post | Name |
| | President of Tajikistan | Emomali Rahmon |
| | Prime Minister of Tajikistan | Kokhir Rasulzoda |

## Events

* February 15 – Around 10 people are killed in avalanches in Tajikistan.
* February 23 – 6.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region.
* March 21 – 2023 Badakhshan earthquake
* August 30 – The death toll from torrential rains in Tajikistan rises to 21, as flooding, landslides, and mudflows affect towns near Dushanbe.
* September 6 – Tajikistan announces that it killed three Jamaat Ansarullah Islamist militants on 29–30 August after they crossed the border from Afghanistan to carry out terrorist attacks in Tajikistan.
# Galit Shmueli

Galit Shmueli (Hebrew: גלית שמואלי) is a data scientist who works in Taiwan as Tsing Hua Distinguished Professor at the Institute of Service Science, National Tsing Hua University. She is the author of many textbooks in business statistics and is known for her work on information quality, and on clarifying the difference between explanations and predictions in statistical analyses.

## Education and career

After first-year studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Shmueli graduated summa cum laude from the University of Haifa in 1994, with a bachelor's degree in statistics and psychology. She then moved to the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology for graduate study in the statistics program of the faculty of industrial engineering and management, earning a master's degree in 1997 and completing her Ph.D. in 2000. Her dissertation, Run-Related Distributions and their Application to Industrial Statistics, was jointly supervised by Ayala Cohen and Paul D. Feigin.
After a visiting assistant professorship at Carnegie Mellon University, she became an assistant professor of statistics in the department of decision, operation, and information technologies in the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park in 2002, where she was tenured in 2007. After a sabbatical in Bhutan she became Professor in Residence and Co-Director of Rigsum Research Lab at the Rigsum Institute of IT & Management in Bhutan from 2010 to 2014. She joined the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad as SRITNE Chaired Professor of Data Analytics in 2011, and she co-directed the Srini Raju Centre for IT and the Networked Economy there from 2012 to 2013. She moved again to National Tsing Hua University as Tsing Hua Distinguished Professor in 2014. At National Tsing Hua University she was Director of the Center for Service Innovation & Analytics at the university's College of Technology Management from 2014 to 2020. Since 2020, she has directed the Institute of Service Science at National Tsing Hua University.
In 2020 she became the founding editor-in-chief of the INFORMS Journal on Data Science.

## Books

Shmueli's books include:
* Data Mining for Business Intelligence: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications (with N. R. Patel and P. Bruce, Wiley, 2006; various later editions)
* Statistical Methods in eCommerce Research (with W. Jank, Wiley, 2008)
* Modeling Online Auctions (with W. Jank, Wiley, 2010)
* Getting Started with Business Analytics: Insightful Decision-Making (with D. R. Hardoon, Chapman & Hall / CRC, 2013)
* Information Quality: The Potential of Data and Analytics to Generate Knowledge (with R. S. Kenett, Wiley, 2017)

## Recognition

Shmueli was named a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics "for extraordinary contributions to statistical methods for biosurveillance, online commerce, and information quality, and for outstanding dissemination of statistical ideas through journal and textbook publications". She is also an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute.
# Unity University

Unity University (Amharic: ዩኒቲ ዩኒቨርስቲ) is a private university in Ethiopia established in 1991. It was founded by Fisseha Eshetu and Mohammed Hussein Al Amoudi has been the chairman of the university.
Headquartered in Gerji area, Addis Ababa, it has expanded its campuses into Adama and Dessie, becoming the first privately owned college in Ethiopia.

## History

Established in 1991, Unity language school was offering English, Arabic, French, and Italian language courses. It started with less than 50 students, a few part-time teachers, and administration personnel. Progressively, the institute launched diploma programs in accounting, marketing, business, personnel administration, secretarial science and office management from 1997 to 1999. In March 1998 the institute was upgraded to a college level, following its achievements in education, becoming the first privately owned college in Ethiopia. Later named Unity College, the institute has launched degree programs in various disciplines. Unity was promoted to university leveling September 2008, becoming the first privately owned university. It has since been known as Unity University (U.U.).

## Notable alumni

* Bethlehem Tilahun Alemu, businesswoman, class of 2004
* Maria Yusuf, activist
# List of the most popular names in the 1970s in the United States

These are the most popular given names in the United States for each respective year in the 1970s.
| | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 |
| Male |||||||||||
| 1 | Michael | Michael | Michael | Michael | Michael | Michael | Michael | Michael | Michael | Michael |
| 2 | James | James | Christopher | Christopher | Jason | Jason | Jason | Jason | Jason | Christopher |
| 3 | David | David | James | Jason | Christopher | Christopher | Christopher | Christopher | Christopher | Jason |
| 4 | John | John | David | James | David | James | David | David | David | David |
| 5 | Robert | Robert | John | David | James | David | James | James | James | James |
| 6 | Christopher | Christopher | Robert | John | John | Robert | John | Robert | Matthew | Matthew |
| 7 | William | William | Jason | Robert | Robert | John | Robert | John | John | John |
| 8 | Brian | Jason | Brian | Brian | Brian | Brian | Brian | Brian | Robert | Robert |
| 9 | Mark | Brian | William | William | Matthew | Matthew | Matthew | Matthew | Brian | Joshua |
| 10 | Richard | Scott | Matthew | Matthew | William | William | Daniel | Joseph | Joseph | Brian |
| Female |||||||||||
| 1 | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer | Jennifer |
| 2 | Lisa | Michelle | Michelle | Amy | Amy | Amy | Amy | Melissa | Melissa | Melissa |
| 3 | Kimberly | Lisa | Lisa | Michelle | Michelle | Heather | Melissa | Amy | Jessica | Amanda |
| 4 | Michelle | Kimberly | Kimberly | Kimberly | Heather | Melissa | Heather | Jessica | Amy | Jessica |
| 5 | Amy | Amy | Amy | Lisa | Angela | Angela | Angela | Heather | Heather | Amy |
| 6 | Angela | Angela | Angela | Melissa | Kimberly | Michelle | Michelle | Angela | Amanda | Sarah |
| 7 | Melissa | Melissa | Melissa | Angela | Melissa | Kimberly | Kimberly | Michelle | Angela | Heather |
| 8 | Tammy | Tammy | Stephanie | Heather | Lisa | Lisa | Jessica | Kimberly | Sarah | Angela |
| 9 | Mary | Mary | Heather | Stephanie | Stephanie | Stephanie | Lisa | Amanda | Michelle | Nicole |
| 10 | Tracy | Julie | Nicole | Rebecca | Rebecca | Nicole | Amanda | Kelly | Nicole | Michelle |
# Good Morning Britain (1983 TV programme)

Good Morning Britain was TV-am's main breakfast television show, broadcast on weekdays from February 1983 until the franchise ended in 1992. It had many different presenters throughout its run.
After a difficult first few months, which almost led to the failure of the broadcasting franchise, Good Morning Britain became a success.
The studio buildings in Hawley Crescent would later be acquired by what is now Paramount Global, and ultimately used as Paramount International Networks' offices.

## Overview

Good Morning Britain had a mixture of news and current affairs, weather, cartoons, music, and many popular guests of the time. It also featured a popular exercise section, hosted in the early days by Michael Van Straten and Jackie Genova, and then more famously by "Mad Lizzie" Webb. The news was provided in-house by TV-am, but following its loss of the licence the news provision was contracted out to Sky News, who provided the news service from 1 February to 31 December 1992.
At its peak, the programme would feature large outside broadcasts throughout the European winter/Australian summer from Bondi Beach in Australia, renaming the show G'Day Britain.
Other presenters of the show included Chris Tarrant, Anneka Rice, Richard Keys, Kathy Tayler, Lorraine Kelly, Jayne Irving and Dynasty star Gordon Thomson.
Initially, David Frost, Anna Ford, Michael Parkinson, Angela Rippon and Robert Kee were the presenters and main shareholders of the station, but the original format was soon dropped, and all bar Frost left the broadcaster.

### Weekday schedule for presenting

| Years | Presenters |
| February – April 1983 | David Frost and Anna Ford |
| April 1983 | Nick Owen and Angela Rippon or Anna Ford |
| April – June 1983 | Nick Owen and Lynda Berry |
| June 1983 – 1986 | Nick Owen and Anne Diamond or John Stapleton OR Henry Kelly |
| August 1986 | Adrian Brown and Anne Diamond |
| early 1987 | Mike Morris and Anne Diamond or Richard Keys and Anneka Rice |
| 1987–1988 | GMB Newshour (06:00–07:00) with Richard Keys or Mike Morris |
| 1987–1988 | GMB Main Show with Richard Keys or Mike Morris and Anne Diamond |
| 1988 | The Morning Programme (06:00–07:00) with Richard Keys |
| 1988 | GMB with Mike Morris and Anne Diamond |
| 1988–1989 | The Morning Programme (06:00–07:00) with Richard Keys |
| 1988–1989 | GMB with Mike Morris and or Kathy Rochford or Kathryn Holloway |
| 1989 | The Morning Programme (06:00–07:00) with Richard Keys |
| 1989 | GMB with Mike Morris and Kathy Tayler |
| 1989–1992 | The Morning Programme (06:00–07:00) with Richard Keys |
| 1989–1992 | GMB with Mike Morris and Lorraine Kelly |

### Saturday schedule for presenting

| Years | Presenters |
| February - June 1983 | Michael Parkinson and Mary Parkinson |
| June - November 1983 | Henry Kelly and Toni Arthur |
| November 1983– February 1984 | Michael Parkinson and Mary Parkinson |
| February 1984 – September 1985 | Henry Kelly and Toni Arthur or Annika Rice |
| September 1985 – 1987 | Mike Morris or Richard Keys |
| 1987–1989 | Geoff Clark |
# Dulichiella appendiculata

Dulichiella appendiculata is a species of amphipod in the family Melitidae. It was first described by Thomas Say in 1818. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life.
This type of animal is scattered throughout:
* North Atlantic Ocean
* Mexico
* United States
* Venezuela
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
# Nadhim Shaker

Nadhim Shaker Salim (Arabic: ناظم شاكر سالم; 18 December 1958 – 11 September 2020) was an Iraqi football player and coach of the Iraq national team.

## Playing career

Nadhim Shaker was one of the most talented defenders in Iraqi football history. He began his playing career at Al-Amal in 1976 before moving to Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya the following year and staying with the club until 1988. He then became a player-manager for the Al-Salam club.
He played for the Iraq national team from 1978 till 1986. The defender represented Iraq at the 1979 World Military Championship and at the 1986 FIFA World Cup finals in Mexico playing against Paraguay, Belgium and the hosts, Mexico.

## Managerial career

On 8 December 2018, Shaker became the new coach for Erbil. He led the team in 17 games, winning five. He ended up leaving the team on 27 April 2019.

## Death

Shaker died on 11 September 2020, at a hospital in Erbil from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq.

## Career statistics

    Scores and results list Iraq's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Shaker goal.
List of international goals scored by Nadhim Shaker :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 19 December 1978 | Rajamangala Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand | India | 2–0 | 3–0 | 1978 Asian Games |
| 2 | 22 August 1981 | Al-Shaab Stadium, Baghdad, Iraq | Ghana | 4–0 | 4–0 | Friendly |
| 3 | 17 March 1984 | Royal Oman Police Stadium, Muscat, Oman | Saudi Arabia | 1–0 | 4–0 | 7th Arabian Gulf Cup |

## Managerial statistics

    As of 17 May 2019
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | Nat | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Iraq | | July 2009 | November 2009 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 100.00 |
| Iraq U23 | | 30 March 2011 | 10 August 2011 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 025.00 |
| Zakho | | 18 September 2011 | 29 January 2012 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 046.15 |
| Al-Naft | | 6 March 2012 | 8 December 2012 | 27 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 037.04 |
| Masafi Al-Wasat | | 11 May 2013 | 16 December 2013 | 23 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 021.74 |
| Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya | | 9 May 2014 | 22 February 2015 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 041.18 |
| Al-Shorta | | 29 March 2017 | 1 September 2017 | 13 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 069.23 |
| Al-Najaf | | 3 September 2017 | 18 January 2018 | 16 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 050.00 |
| Al-Minaa | | 26 January 2018 | 22 May 2018 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 043.75 |
| Erbil | | 8 December 2018 | 27 April 2019 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 029.41 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 150 | 62 | 45 | 43 | 041.33 |
# Computational irreducibility

Computational irreducibility suggests certain computational processes cannot be simplified such that the only way to determine the outcome of such a process is to go through each step of its computation. It is one of the main ideas proposed by Stephen Wolfram in his 2002 book A New Kind of Science, although the concept goes back to studies from the 1980s.

## The idea

Many physical systems are complex enough that they cannot be effectively measured. Even simpler programs contain a great diversity of behavior. Therefore no model can predict, using only initial conditions, exactly what will occur in a given physical system before an experiment is conducted. Because of this problem of undecidability in the formal language of computation, Wolfram terms this inability to "shortcut" a system (or "program"), or otherwise describe its behavior in a simple way, "computational irreducibility." The idea demonstrates that there are occurrences where theory's predictions are effectively not possible. Wolfram states several phenomena are normally computationally irreducible.
Computational irreducibility explains why many natural systems are hard to predict or simulate. The Principle of Computational Equivalence implies these systems are as computationally powerful as any designed computer.

## Implications

* There is no easy theory for any behavior that seems complex.
* Complex behavior features can be captured with models that have simple underlying structures.
* An overall system's behavior based on simple structures can still exhibit behavior indescribable by reasonably "simple" laws.

## Analysis

Navot Israeli and Nigel Goldenfeld found that some less complex systems behaved simply and predictably (thus, they allowed approximations). However, more complex systems were still computationally irreducible and unpredictable. It is unknown what conditions would allow complex phenomena to be described simply and predictably.

## Compatibilism

Marius Krumm and Markus P Muller tie computational irreducibility to Compatibilism. They refine concepts via the intermediate requirement of a new concept called computational sourcehood that demands essentially full and almost-exact representation of features associated with problem or process represented, and a full no-shortcut computation. The approach simplifies conceptualization of the issue via the No Shortcuts metaphor. This may be analogized to the process of cooking, where all the ingredients in a recipe are required as well as following the 'cooking schedule' to obtain the desired end product. This parallels the issues of the profound distinctions between similarity and identity.
# Love For Our Elders

Love For Our Elders (formerly Love for the Elderly) is a United States–based nonprofit organization that aims to alleviate social isolation among older adults.

## History

In 2013, Jacob Cramer, a regular volunteer at a senior living community, noticed widespread loneliness among residents. To address this, he began writing and distributing handwritten, uplifting letters to senior communities. The initiative quickly gained traction as others joined in.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the organization compiled inspiring stories from older adults and sent uplifting video messages to senior communities. On September 15, 2020, the organization announced its new name, Love For Our Elders. A statement from the founder said, "We’ve come to realize that our organization’s name included language that contradicted the work we pour our hearts into every day." Beginning July 2021, in response to post-pandemic needs, the organization shifted from sending generic letters to senior communities to delivering personalized letters directly to older adults experiencing isolation. The organization has sent more than 750,000 handwritten letters.
The organization created National Letter to an Elder Day on February 26, an annual unofficial observance promoting writing a letter to any older person. On March 19, 2024, Cramer published a picture book with the nonprofit called Grandma's Letter Exchange that invites young children to write their first letter. In 2025, Cramer appeared on the Kelly Clarkson Show for the "Rad Human" segment.
# Art Gardner

Arthur Junior Gardner (born September 21, 1952) is a former outfielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Houston Astros and San Francisco Giants in part of three seasons spanning 1975–1978. Gardner was the Astros' opening day center fielder in 1977.

## Baseball career

Gardner was selected out of South Leake High School in Walnut Grove, Mississippi in the 2nd round (36th overall) of the 1971 June amateur Baseball draft by the Houston Astros.