OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bombardment of Gao

On January 13, 2013, as one of the first actions of French intervention in Mali, French planes bombed the city of Gao, which was controlled by the jihadist Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA).

## Background

In early 2012, moderate Tuareg rebels of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) launched an offensive against Malian forces in northern Mali, capturing swathes of territory including the cities of Kidal and Ménaka. The rebellion was quickly hijacked by jihadist groups such as Ansar Dine and MOJWA, which sought to create an Islamic state in northern Mali. The capture of the cities of Timbuktu and Gao by these groups pushed French forces to intervene in Mali, pushing the rebels back at the city of Konna. On the same day of the Gao bombings, French forces also bombed an Ansar Dine base in Aghabo, Kidal Region.

## Bombardment

On the morning of January 13, four Rafale fighter jets took off from Saint-Dizier in France and headed towards Mali, accompanied by tankers. Two of the aircraft were equipped with air-to-surface missiles and two were equipped with laser-guided bombs. The aircraft flew over Morocco and Mauritania to avoid Algerian airspace. They refueled three times during the journay; once over Spain, once over Mauritania and again near the Mauritanian-Malian border. Around six hours after takeoff, French forces bombed several areas in and around Gao. The strikes lasted a total of forty minutes, and twelve laser-guided bombs and nine air-to-surface missiles were launched.
French defense minister Jean-Yves Le Drian stated that "training camps, infrastructure and logistics depots constituting the rear bases of the terrorist groups" were destroyed during the bombardment. Following the strikes, the planes flew eastward for around two hours before landing at the N'Djamena airbase around 4:30pm.
The jihadists in the town were surprised at the bombings, and suffered heavy losses. Residents stated that more than sixty jihadists were killed in the strikes in the town of Gao, and more died in the bases on the outskirts. Jihadists who survived the attacks sought refuge in the houses of civilians, and only came back out during nightfall to bury the bodies of their comrades.

## Aftermath

A regional security source stated that the most deaths were at the military camp in Gao. At the time of the bombings, the jihadists were in the middle of a meeting. Many of those in the meeting were killed. Another source corroborated the heavy casualties at the military camp, and stated that the toll of sixty dead was not an exaggeration, and that the real death toll was much higher.
Residents of Gao stated there were no civilian casualties during the bombings. Some residents cheered at the strikes, and looted the Gao police station. The Firhoun and Bourem military camps were destroyed, and another camp in the center of Gao was destroyed.
# Martin's Fork (Cumberland River tributary)

Martins Fork is a 32-mile (51 km) river in Bell and Harlan Counties in Kentucky in the United States. The river flows east and north from its source in the Cumberland Mountains, a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains, to its confluence with the Poor Fork at Baxter. The confluence marks the official beginning of the Cumberland River.
# Selma (lake monster)

In Norwegian folklore, Selma (Norwegian: Seljordsormen, "Seljord serpent") is a legendary sea serpent said to live in the 13-kilometre-long (8-mile) Lake Seljord (Seljordsvatnet) in Seljord, Telemark, Norway.
The sea serpent Selma has been depicted in the coat of arms of Seljord since 1989. Designed by sculpturer, Trygve Magnus Barstad, the arms show Selma in a gold-color on a red background.
The sea serpent has been discussed for a long time and there have been witness descriptions of encounters, especially on hot, quiet summers. The oldest written account of the creature dates from 1750, when it was said to have rounded a rowboat belonging to a man from Bø rowing across from Ulvenes to Nes.
# Czesław Ryll-Nardzewski

Czesław Ryll-Nardzewski (Polish:; 7 October 1926 – 18 September 2015) was a Polish mathematician.

## Life and career

Born in Wilno, Second Polish Republic (now Vilnius, Lithuania), he was a student of Hugo Steinhaus. At the age of 26 he became professor at Warsaw University. In 1959, he became a professor at the Wrocław University of Technology. He was the advisor of 18 PhD theses. His main research areas were measure theory, functional analysis, foundations of mathematics and probability theory. Several theorems bear his name: the Ryll-Nardzewski fixed point theorem, the Ryll-Nardzewski theorem in model theory, and the Kuratowski and Ryll-Nardzewski measurable selection theorem.
He became a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1967. He died in 2015 at the age of 88 and he is buried in Wrocław at Grabiszyński Cemetery [pl].
# A. macer

A. macer may refer to:
* Abacetus macer, a ground beetle
* Agrilus macer, a jewel beetle found in Central and North America
# Canandaigua Outlet

The Canandaigua Outlet is a main tributary which feeds the Erie Canal and Clyde River in Wayne County, New York, United States. It begins at Canandaigua Lake in nearby Ontario County and flows approximately 34 miles (55 km) north before emptying into the Erie Canal in the hamlet of Lyons. A number of tributaries feed the Canandaigua Outlet along its route. It is the primary outflow for Canandaigua Lake.
The Canandaigua Outlet is part of the Clyde River watershed which feeds the Seneca River. From there, the Seneca River enters the Oswego River and into Lake Ontario. It is used for fishing as well as whitewater canoeing, kayaking and rafting.

## Course

The Canandaigua Outlet begins as a natural outflow on the north end of Canandaigua Lake in the city of Canandaigua. From there, the outlet travels northeast past the Muar Lakes through the town of Canandaigua and into the neighboring town of Hopewell. A man-made feeder canal also enters the outlet from Canandaigua Lake to help with drainage. Both outlets from the lake are controlled by gates which are managed by the City of Canandaigua. Passing through the community of Chapin, the Canandaigua Outlet continues north through the villages of Shortsville and Manchester. Following the New York State Thruway, the outlet heads east through the town of Manchester passing just north of the village of Clifton Springs and into the community of Gypsum. Continuing on through the town and village of Phelps, the Canandaigua Outlet turns back north towards Wayne County. It passes through the community of Alloway in the town of Lyons before entering the Erie Canal at Lock #27 along Leach Road in the hamlet of Lyons, just north of NY Route 31.

### Tributaries

There are six primary tributaries feeding the Canandaigua Outlet which are part of its watershed although other minor waterways directly enter it as well. Tributaries from the right include Freshour Creek in Hopewell, Sulphur Creek in Clifton Springs, and Rocky Run in the towns of Hopewell and Manchester. Flint Creek, which begins in Steuben County, also enters from the right after traveling through Yates County and through the towns of Gorham, Seneca and Phelps in Ontario County. On the left side is Padelford Brook in the towns of Canandaigua and Manchester along with Black Creek in the towns of Farmington and Manchester.

### Places of interest

Three parks are located along the Canandaigua Outlet in Ontario County: Kershaw Park and Lagoon Park in Canandaigua and Jones-Blunt Park in Shortsville. The annual Wild Water Derby takes place every April in Shortsville and Manchester for class II & III whitewater canoeing, kayaking and rafting. Cheerful Valley Campground is also located near the Canandaigua Outlet on NY Route 14 in the town of Phelps between Lyons and Geneva.

## History

Use of the Canandaigua Outlet dates back to pre-colonial times. Before the Erie Canal was constructed in 1817, the Canandaigua Outlet merged with Ganargua Creek in Lyons to form the Clyde River.
# Battle of Tabrichat

On January 28 and February 4, 2015, pro-government Imghad Tuareg GATIA fighters attacked a base staffed by Arab Movement of Azawad (MAA) fighters in Tabrichat, Mali.

## Prelude

Between January 16 and 20, just a week prior to the attack, Tuareg rebels under the Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) coalition attacked the town of Tabankort, which was under the control of the pro-government Platform coalition spearheaded by GATIA. The attack failed, and the CMA was forced to retreat.

## Battle

Platform forces launched an attack on MAA fighters in Tabrichat at 12:42am on January 28. GATIA claimed that seven of their vehicles attacked Tabrichat, killing eight MAA fighters and destroying two of their vehicles, with no personnel or material losses for GATIA. However, the CMA disputed this version of events, claiming that eight to nine men attacked their camp. Six or seven of those were killed in the attack, including four suicide bombers. The CMA admitted the deaths of six of their fighters and the destruction of two vehicles. They also claimed that an Algerian national was among the attackers, and that the prisoners captured by GATIA were Fulani Malians.
The CMA then accused GATIA of working with narco-terrorists. GATIA denied their usage of suicide bombings during the attack, although Western and United Nations observers stated that suicide bombers were embedded in GATIA. MINUSMA confirmed the details of the attack, but did not give a casualty assessment.
Clashes resumed on February 4 in Tabrichat, with both GATIA and the CMA claiming victory. GATIA claimed the capture of Tabrichat, and the deaths of ten MNLA fighters and four prisoners, along with no GATIA casualties.
# Maiko Tōno

Maiko Tōno (遠野 舞子, Tōno Maiko) is a Japanese actress. She starred as Rei, the Zero Woman, in the 2004 V-cinema version of that long running series of films and videos.

## Filmography

* Shin Zero Ūman - 0-ka no onna: futatabi... (2004 aka Zero Woman 2005) Underrated Best Cool
* Handmade Angel (ハンドメイドエンジェル, Handomeido enjeru) (2010)
# Filippo Colombo

Filippo Colombo (born 20 December 1997) is a Swiss cross-country mountain biker and road cyclist, who most recently rode for UCI ProTeam Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team.
He competed at the 2018 UCI Mountain Bike World Championships, winning a gold medal in the team relay.

## Major results
### Mountain bike
#### 2014

    1st Cross-country, National Junior Championships
    2nd Team relay, UCI World Championships

#### 2016

    3rd Team relay, UCI World Championships

#### 2017

    1st Team relay, UCI World Championships
    1st Team relay, UEC European Championships
    1st Cross-country, National Under-23 Championships

#### 2018

    1st Team relay, UCI World Championships
    1st Cross-country, National Under-23 Championships
    UEC European Championships
       2nd Team relay
       2nd Under-23 Cross-country
    3rd Overall UCI Under-23 XCO World Cup

#### 2019

    1st Cross-country, National Under-23 Championships
    2nd Cross-country, UCI World Under-23 Championships
    2nd Cross-country, UEC European Under-23 Championships
    2nd Overall UCI Under-23 XCO World Cup
       1st Albstadt
       1st Lenzerheide
       1st Snowshoe
       2nd Nové Město
       2nd Val di Sole
       3rd Vallnord

#### 2021

    3rd Cross-country, UEC European Championships
    UCI XCC World Cup
       3rd Snowshoe

#### 2022

    1st Short track, National Championships
    2nd Short track, UCI World Championships
    2nd Overall UCI XCC World Cup
       1st Lenzerheide
       1st Mont-Sainte-Anne
       3rd Nové Město
    UCI XCO World Cup
       2nd Mont-Sainte-Anne
    Copa Catalana Internacional
       2nd Banyoles
    3rd Cross-country, UEC European Championships

#### 2023

    Swiss Bike Cup
       1st Gstaad
       2nd Basel
    2nd Stellenbosch

#### 2024

    1st Cross-country, National Championships
    UCI XCO World Cup
       3rd Mairiporã
       4th Araxá
       5th Val di Sole

### Road
#### 2021

    2nd Grand Prix Alanya
# Camel (in Rhythmic Landscape with Trees)

Camel (in Rhythmic Landscape with Trees) (German: Kamel (in rhythmischer baumlandschaft)) is a painting by Swiss artist Paul Klee, made in 1920, in the collection of the Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen in Düsseldorf, Germany.
The painting is one of the first Klee did in oils and is typical of the artist's interest in colour theory, draughtsmanship and musicality. It is also one of many images in Western art to use camels as subject matter.
The composition of the painting is based on horizontal bands dotted with circular shapes.

## Subject

Camels appear in manuscripts, mosaics, sculptures and paintings. For example, camels and horses appear in illustrations to the travel memoir of John Mandeville in the fourteenth century. Orientalist paintings of the nineteenth century include ones by artists such as Carl Haag (Danger in the Desert, 1867) and Jean-Léon Gérôme (Street Scene, Egypt, 1869). The memorial on the Victoria Embankment Gardens in London commemorates the Imperial Camel Corps in sculpture.
The year before, Klee had produced another camel painting in oils entitled Two Camels and a Donkey (1919). Camel in Rhythmic Landscape with Trees is considered one of a series that includes Rhythmic Tree Landscape. Similar landscapes, such as Small Rhythmic Landscape were also created at this time.

## Context and theory

   "I would like now to examine the dimensions of the object in a new light to try to show how it is that the artist frequently arrives at what appears to be such an arbitrary 'deformation' of natural forms.
   "First, he does not attach such intense importance to natural form as do so many realist critics, because, for him, these final forms are not the real stuff of the process of natural creation. For he places more value on the powers which do the forming than on the final forms themselves." - Paul Klee
This is the period when the artist was working and teaching at the Bauhaus in Weimar under the direction of Walter Gropius. The task of teaching caused Klee to meditate on the problems of art and as a result he produced what Herbert Read called "the most profound and illuminating statement of the aesthetic basis of the modern movement in art ever made by a practising artist".
# Hazel Hannan

Hazel Hannan, former Member of the House of Keys (MHK), was previously the Deputy Speaker of the House of Keys and an Education Minister and then Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in the Isle of Man Government. She was elected in 1986 as an independent MHK for Peel, after a failed attempt 5 years earlier standing for Mec Vannin. She is the President of Peel AFC.
She was defeated in the 2006 general election by Tim Crookall MHK. Manx Radio exit polls had the incumbent Mrs. Hannan displaying an initial lead.

## Governmental positions

* Minister of Education, 1991–1995
* Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, 1995–1999
# Onesiphorus

Onesiphorus (Greek: Ονησιφόρος; meaning "bringing profit" or "useful") was a Christian referred to in the New Testament letter of Second Timothy (2 Tim 1:16–18 and 2 Tim 4:19). According to the letter sent by St. Paul, Onesiphorus sought out Paul who was imprisoned at the time in Rome.

## Life

According to Orthodox tradition, Saint Onesiphorus was one of the seventy disciples chosen and sent by Jesus to preach. They were chosen some time after the selection of the Twelve Apostles (Luke 10:1-24). St Onesiphorus was bishop at Colophon (Asia Minor), and later at Corinth. Both the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches hold that he died a martyr in the city of Parium on the shores of the Hellespont.

## 2 Timothy

The persecution of Christians during Nero’s reign made Rome a dangerous city for Christians. Paul praises Onesiphorus for his hospitality, kindness, and courage. Onesiphorus is contrasted with the other Christians in Asia who have deserted Paul at this time. In 2 Timothy 1:16-18, Paul sends a greeting to the man’s household in Ephesus and refers to the help he showed Paul earlier in Ephesus. Timothy, who led the Ephesian church is familiar with these acts. Paul's praise of Onesiphorus is significant because it was written shortly before Paul's death as a final encouragement to Timothy.
But now, at the time of correspondence, only "Luke alone is with (Paul)" (4:11). Because Paul speaks of Onesiphorus only in the past tense, wishes blessings upon his house (family), and mercy for him "in that day", some scholars believe that Onesiphorus had at this point died. Towards the end of the same letter, in 2 Timothy 4:19, Paul sends greetings to "Priscilla and Aquila, and the house of Onesiphorus", again apparently distinguishing the situation of Onesiphorus from that of the still-living Priscilla and Aquila. Paul's reference to Onesiphorus, along with 2 Maccabees 12:40–46, is cited by Catholics as one of the early examples of prayer for the dead, while some Protestants opposing this practice reject such an interpretation.
Remarkably, Onesiphorus made a 1000-mile journey, over three large bodies of water from one continent to another (from Ephesus (today: Turkey) to Rome (today: Italy)) — to specifically search for and find Paul in prison, so as to comfort him.
He is commemorated on September 6 in Roman Catholic Church, and September 7 in Orthodox Church.
He should not be confused with the Onesiphorus of Ephesus who was martyred with Porphyrius during the Diocletian persecution, and is commemorated on November 9.
# Steve Ludlam (footballer)

Steve Ludlam (born 18 October 1955) is a former English professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played in The Football League for Sheffield United, Carlisle United and Chester.

## Playing career

Ludlam began his career with Sheffield United, where he turned professional in January 1973. He had to wait until December 1975 for his first-team debut, against Tottenham Hotspur, but went on to make 27 league appearances over the next season and a half. He moved to Carlisle United in May 1977 and spent the next three seasons at Brunton Park, before opting to join fellow Football League Division Three side Chester in July 1980. The £45,000 transfer was a record buy for Chester at the time.
Ludlam made his Chester debut on the opening day of the 1980–81 season, in a 1–0 home defeat to Oxford United. He ended the season as the club's joint leading scorer with seven goals, as Chester managed just 38 in 46 league games. He remained a regular for two years before playing his final game away to Mansfield Town on 26 February 1983. That would also mark the end of this Football League career.
He played in Finland for six months before having spells training with Chester, Blackpool and Rochdale. But he did not sign for any of them amid ongoing injury problems and he retired from the professional game at the relatively early age of 28. Ludlam then had spells playing non-league football with Rhyl and Buxton.

## Life after football

Ludlam worked in the licensing and legal trades and then for the Royal Mail. He remained involved in football by working with youngsters at Sheffield Wednesday, Chesterfield and Rotherham United.
In 2003, Ludlam became manager of Worksop Town, where one of his sons, Ryan, was on the playing staff. He remained with the club until the end of the 2003–04 season, when he was replaced by Ronnie Glavin.
Steve Ludlam currently runs the Chesterfield school of excellence under 16 side.
# Douglass Watson

Larkin Douglass Watson III (February 24, 1921 – May 1, 1989) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Mac Cory on the daytime soap opera Another World.

## Life and career

Watson was born in Jackson, Georgia, the son of Caroline (née Smith) and Larkin Douglass Watson, Jr., a teacher. Before his acting career, he received two Purple Heart awards for his service in World War II. A character actor since 1950, his most notable roles were in the movies Julius Caesar (1953), Sayonara (1957), and The Money Pit (1986). He was also an acclaimed actor on the New York stage, acting in several Broadway and Off-Broadway productions, including the 1952 Broadway revival of Desire Under the Elms by Eugene O'Neill. In addition, he played on such daytime dramatic dramas as Moment of Truth (1965) (a Canadian serial), Search for Tomorrow (1966–1968), and Love of Life (1972–1973).
Watson's most iconic role was wealthy publisher Mac Cory on the soap opera Another World. He was the second actor to play the role, taking over from Robert Emhardt. Watson earned the role after a critically acclaimed turn playing Kent in King Lear at the 1974 New York Shakespeare Festival. He portrayed the role from 1974 to 1989. He played the father of Tom Hanks' character in the 1986 film The Money Pit.
He won two Daytime Emmys for Best Actor, in 1980 and 1981. He was under contract at the time of his 1989 death of a heart attack, while on vacation in Arizona and the Connecticut Death Index gives the location as Bridgewater, Arizona. His character on the show also died shortly afterward.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1953 | Julius Caesar | Octavius Caesar |
| 1957 | Sayonara | Colonel Crawford |
| 1971 | Who Says I Can't Ride a Rainbow! | |
| 1972 | The Trial of the Catonsville Nine | Father Philip Berrigan |
| 1972 | Ulzana's Raid | Maj. Cartwright |
| 1974 | Parker Adderson, Philosopher | General |
| 1986 | The Money Pit | Walter Fielding, Sr. |
# Filippo di Piero Strozzi

Filippo di Piero Strozzi (French: Philippe Strozzi; 1541 – 27 July 1582) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Florentine family of the Strozzi. He fought mainly for France.

## Biography

He was born in Florence to Piero Strozzi and Laudomia de' Medici. His father had been exiled from his native city and found refuge in France where Catherine de' Medici was queen. Piero would go on to be appointed as Marshal of France. His son Filippo became the page of the future king Francis II.
In 1557, Strozzi entered the French army. Starting from the first battles in Piedmont, he fought in numerous battles of the 16th century. In 1558, he took part in the siege of Calais against England, where his father was killed soon afterward at the Siege of Thionville. In 1560, he was sent to Scotland to fight for the then-regent Mary of Guise against Elizabeth of England and was made lord of Épernay. Three years, later he became colonel of the Royal Guards.
In 1564, he came to help Emperor Maximilian II during the Ottoman invasion in Hungary. The following year, he faced again the Ottomans at the siege of Malta. From there, he moved to Rome and called to counter the Turk menace in the Adriatic Sea, distinguishing himself in the defence of Ancona. He later fought also in Transylvania.
Returned to France in 1567, he fought against the Huguenots. Two years later, he became the sole Colonel General (commander-in-chief of the army) of France, and subsequently took part to the long siege of La Rochelle. He was accompanied by his friend Pierre de Bourdeille. In 1573, he fought alongside the House of Orange against the Spaniards.
In 1581, Filippo Strozzi exchanged the position of General Commander for that of lord of Bressuire and was called by António, Prior of Crato (Portuguese claimant to the Portuguese throne against Spanish Habsburg King Philip II) as a private mercenary. With a contingent of French, Dutch, English, and Portuguese volunteers, he set sail to the Azores, a Portuguese Atlantic territory that still did not recognize Philip II as king. His fleet was, however, destroyed in the Battle of Terceira (26 July 1582) by the Spanish-Portuguese navy under the admiral Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz.
Taken prisoner, he was executed at age 42, by being wounded to death and then thrown into the sea from a Spanish ship, as a pirate. The harsh punishments meted out to the unfortunate Strozzi and captured members of his crews were carried out at the instructions of the Spanish admiral, despite much protest from his own crews.