OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation

The Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation (BWR), named after Manson Benedict, G. B. Webb, and L. C. Rubin, is an equation of state used in fluid dynamics. Working at the research laboratory of the M. W. Kellogg Company, the three researchers rearranged the Beattie–Bridgeman equation of state and increased the number of experimentally determined constants to eight.

## The original BWR equation

    $P=\rho RT+\left(B_{0}RT-A_{0}-{\frac {C_{0}}{T^{2}}}\right)\rho ^{2}+\left(bRT-a\right)\rho ^{3}+\alpha a\rho ^{6}+{\frac {c\rho ^{3}}{T^{2}}}\left(1+\gamma \rho ^{2}\right)\exp \left(-\gamma \rho ^{2}\right)$,
where $\rho$ is the molar density.

## The BWRS equation of state

A modification of the Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state by Professor Kenneth E. Starling of the University of Oklahoma:
    $P=\rho RT+\left(B_{0}RT-A_{0}-{\frac {C_{0}}{T^{2}}}+{\frac {D_{0}}{T^{3}}}-{\frac {E_{0}}{T^{4}}}\right)\rho ^{2}+\left(bRT-a-{\frac {d}{T}}\right)\rho ^{3}+\alpha \left(a+{\frac {d}{T}}\right)\rho ^{6}+{\frac {c\rho ^{3}}{T^{2}}}\left(1+\gamma \rho ^{2}\right)\exp \left(-\gamma \rho ^{2}\right)$,
where $\rho$ is the molar density. The 11 mixture parameters ($B_{0}$, $A_{0}$, etc.) are calculated using the following relations
    ${\begin{aligned}&A_{0}=\sum _{i}\sum _{j}x_{i}x_{j}A_{0i}^{1/2}A_{0j}^{1/2}(1-k_{ij})\\&B_{0}=\sum _{i}x_{i}B_{0i}\\&C_{0}=\sum _{i}\sum _{j}x_{i}x_{j}C_{0i}^{1/2}C_{0j}^{1/2}(1-k_{ij})^{3}\\&D_{0}=\sum _{i}\sum _{j}x_{i}x_{j}D_{0i}^{1/2}D_{0j}^{1/2}(1-k_{ij})^{4}\\&E_{0}=\sum _{i}\sum _{j}x_{i}x_{j}E_{0i}^{1/2}E_{0j}^{1/2}(1-k_{ij})^{5}\\&\alpha =\left[\sum _{i}x_{i}\alpha _{i}^{1/3}\right]^{3}\\&\gamma =\left[\sum _{i}x_{i}\gamma _{i}^{1/2}\right]^{2}\\&a=\left[\sum _{i}x_{i}a_{i}^{1/3}\right]^{3}\\&b=\left[\sum _{i}x_{i}b_{i}^{1/3}\right]^{3}\\&c=\left[\sum _{i}x_{i}c_{i}^{1/3}\right]^{3}\\&d=\left[\sum _{i}x_{i}d_{i}^{1/3}\right]^{3}\end{aligned}}$
where $i$ and $j$ are indices for the components, and the summations go over all components. $B_{0i}$, $A_{0i}$, etc. are the parameters for the pure components for the $i$th component, $x_{i}$ is the mole fraction of the $i$th component, and $k_{ij}$ is an interaction parameter.
Values of the various parameters for 15 substances can be found in Starling's Fluid Properties for Light Petroleum Systems..

## The modified BWR equation (mBWR)

A further modification of the Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation of state by Jacobsen and Stewart:
    $P=\sum _{n=1}^{9}a_{n}\rho ^{n}+\exp \left(-\gamma \rho ^{2}\right)\sum _{n=10}^{15}a_{n}\rho ^{2n-17}$
where:
    $\gamma =1/\rho _{c}^{2}$
The mBWR equation subsequently evolved into a 32 term version (Younglove and Ely, 1987) with numerical parameters determined by fitting the equation to empirical data for a reference fluid. Other fluids then are described by using reduced variables for temperature and density.
# Karim Odar

Karim Ibadulla oghlu Odar (Azerbaijani:Kərim İbadulla oğlu Odər; b. 1901; Baku, Russian Empire - d. 19 November 1981; Ankara, Republic of Turkiye) Azerbaijani politician, public official in the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, economist, the third chairman of the Musavat Party, one of the active members of the Azerbaijani emigration.

## Life

Kerim Odar was born in 1901 in Baku. His father is Ibadullah Zeynalzade, and his mother is Agabaji Khanim. Kerim graduated from a commercial school in Baku. After the declaration of independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, he worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After the occupation of Azerbaijan by the Bolsheviks, he left for Tiflis. After the occupation of Georgia by the Bolsheviks, he escaped to Batumi. From here, with a group of 10-12 people, he travels by boat to Turkey and receives asylum here.
After doing business in Turkey for some time, he became a citizen of Turkey and worked at Osmanli Bank for 7 years. During this period, he managed to rise to the position of deputy manager of the Ottoman Bank. After that, he worked at the Central Bank of Turkey and Sümerbank, and retired in 1966. Odar was the Chairman of the Party Assembly of the Musavat Party, and at the same time he was the Honorary Chairman of the Azerbaijan Cultural Association. In 1976, after the death of the President of the Azerbaijan National Center, Abdulvahab Yurdsevar, the President of the center was entrusted to Karim Odar.
Odar was one of the most active members of the Azerbaijani emigration. A large number of articles on this subject have been published in "Azerbaijan" magazine. The most famous works are "Economy of Azerbaijan" and "Azerbaijan". The book "Azerbaijan" was published after his death.
Karim Odar was fluent in Russian and French, and moderately fluent in Persian, German and English.
# Adi Shamir

Adi Shamir (Hebrew: עדי שמיר; born July 6, 1952) is an Israeli cryptographer and inventor. He is a co-inventor of the Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithm (along with Ron Rivest and Len Adleman), a co-inventor of the Feige–Fiat–Shamir identification scheme (along with Uriel Feige and Amos Fiat), one of the inventors of differential cryptanalysis and has made numerous contributions to the fields of cryptography and computer science.

## Biography

Adi Shamir was born in Tel Aviv. He received a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in mathematics from Tel Aviv University in 1973 and obtained an MSc and PhD in computer science from the Weizmann Institute in 1975 and 1977 respectively. He spent a year as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Warwick and did research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1977 to 1980.

## Scientific career

In 1980, he returned to Israel, joining the faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the Weizmann Institute. Starting from 2006, he is also an invited professor at École Normale Supérieure in Paris.
In addition to RSA, Shamir's other numerous inventions and contributions to cryptography include the Shamir secret sharing scheme, the breaking of the Merkle-Hellman knapsack cryptosystem, visual cryptography, and the TWIRL and TWINKLE factoring devices. Together with Eli Biham, he discovered differential cryptanalysis in the late 1980s, a general method for attacking block ciphers. It later emerged that differential cryptanalysis was already known — and kept a secret — by both IBM and the National Security Agency (NSA).
Shamir has also made contributions to computer science outside of cryptography, such as finding the first linear time algorithm for 2-satisfiability and showing the equivalence of the complexity classes PSPACE and IP.

## Awards and recognition

* 2002 ACM Turing Award, together with Rivest and Adleman, in recognition of his contributions to cryptography
* Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award;
* Erdős Prize of the Israel Mathematical Society,
* 1986 IEEE W.R.G. Baker Award
* UAP Scientific Prize
* Vaticans PIUS XI Gold Medal
* 2000 IEEE Koji Kobayashi Computers and Communications Award
* Israel Prize, in 2008, for computer sciences.
* Honorary DMath (Doctor of Mathematics) degree from the University of Waterloo
* 2017 (33rd) Japan Prize in the field of Electronics, Information and Communication for his contribution to information security through pioneering research on cryptography
* Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2018 for substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge.
* He was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.
* 2024 Wolf Prize in Mathematics for his fundamental contributions to Mathematical Cryptography.
# Destruction '10

Destruction '10 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on October 11, 2010, in Tokyo, at Ryōgoku Kokugikan. The event featured nine matches, two of which were contested for championships.
DDT Pro-Wrestling representatives Kenny Omega and Kota Ibushi and Pro Wrestling Noah representatives Atsushi Aoki and Go Shiozaki worked the event as outsiders. It was the fourth event under the Destruction name.

## Storylines

Destruction '10 featured nine professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Event

During the event, Kenny Omega and Kota Ibushi captured the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship from Apollo 55 (Prince Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi) in the first title switch of the event. In the main event, 2010 G1 Climax winner and freelancer Satoshi Kojima defeated Togi Makabe to win the IWGP Heavyweight Championship for the second time.

## Reception

The IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship match was later named the 2010 Match of the Year by Tokyo Sports.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1 | Manabu Nakanishi defeated Tama Tonga | Singles match | 06:11 |
| 2 | Bad Intentions (Giant Bernard and Karl Anderson) and Tiger Mask defeated Chaos (Takashi Iizuka, Tomohiro Ishii and Yujiro Takahashi) by disqualification | Six-man tag team match | 11:32 |
| 3 | Complete Players (Gedo, Jado and Masato Tanaka) defeated Jyushin Thunder Liger, Tomoaki Honma and Wataru Inoue | Six-man tag team match | 09:55 |
| 4 | Tajiri defeated Toru Yano | Singles match | 06:48 |
| 5 | Golden☆Lovers (Kenny Omega and Kota Ibushi) defeated Apollo 55 (Prince Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi) (c) | Tag team match for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship | 15:05 |
| 6 | Koji Kanemoto and Yuji Nagata defeated Atsushi Aoki and Go Shiozaki | Tag team match | 17:14 |
| 7 | Hirooki Goto defeated Shinsuke Nakamura | Singles match | 16:08 |
| 8 | Hiroshi Tanahashi defeated Tetsuya Naito by submission | Singles match | 19:59 |
| 9 | Satoshi Kojima defeated Togi Makabe (c) | Singles match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship | 19:12 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the match ||||
# Destruction '11

Destruction '11 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on October 10, 2011, in Tokyo, at Ryōgoku Kokugikan. The event featured eleven matches (including one dark match), three of which were contested for championships. It was the fifth event under the Destruction name.

## Storylines

Destruction '11 featured eleven professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

## Event

The event saw two titles change hands; No Remorse Corps (Davey Richards and Rocky Romero) won the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship for the first time by defeating Apollo 55 (Prince Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi), while Masato Tanaka captured the IWGP Intercontinental Championship from inaugural champion, MVP. The event featured a surprise appearance by Yoshihiro Takayama, who attacked Togi Makabe after his match with Minoru Suzuki, setting up a match between the two for Wrestle Kingdom VI in Tokyo Dome. In the main event, Hiroshi Tanahashi successfully defended the IWGP Heavyweight Championship against Tetsuya Naito. Post-match, he was attacked by Toru Yano, who stole his title belt, setting up the title match between the two for Power Struggle.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1$^D$ | Hiromu Takahashi and Kyosuke Mikami defeated King Fale and Takaaki Watanabe | Tag team match | 08:47 |
| 2 | Kushida, Schwarz, Tiger Mask and Weiss defeated Chaos (Gedo, Jado, Takashi Iizuka and Tomohiro Ishii) | Eight-man tag team match | 07:53 |
| 3 | Yujiro Takahashi defeated Tomoaki Honma | Singles match | 08:22 |
| 4 | Lance Archer defeated Wataru Inoue | Singles match | 07:39 |
| 5 | Hirooki Goto and Tama Tonga defeated Shinsuke Nakamura and Último Guerrero | Tag team match | 11:03 |
| 6 | No Remorse Corps (Davey Richards and Rocky Romero) defeated Apollo 55 (Prince Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi) (c) | Tag team match for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship | 13:29 |
| 7 | Satoshi Kojima defeated Hiroyoshi Tenzan | Singles match | 10:08 |
| 8 | Yuji Nagata defeated Toru Yano by submission | Singles match | 12:08 |
| 9 | Masato Tanaka defeated MVP (c) | Singles match for the IWGP Intercontinental Championship | 12:30 |
| 10 | Minoru Suzuki defeated Togi Makabe | Singles match | 13:15 |
| 11 | Hiroshi Tanahashi (c) defeated Tetsuya Naito | Singles match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship | 29:19 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the matchD – this was a dark match ||||
# 2013 Davao Occidental creation plebiscite

On October 28, 2013, residents of Davao del Sur voted in a plebiscite to approve or disapprove the creation of the then proposed province of Davao Occidental.

## Background

The creation of Davao Occidental was first proposed by then Davao del Sur congressman, Marc Douglas Cagas IV in 2013, while his father, Douglas Cagas, was still the governor of Davao del Sur. The proposed province was to compose all municipalities of Davao del Sur under the 2nd legislative district at that time. Cagas withdrew his proposal as the 2013 Philippine elections drew near.
The proposal was revived by Franklin Bautista 2nd district congressman of Davao del Sur. Bautista passed a law proposing the creation of the province, was passed in Congress, and approved by President Benigno Aquino III. Bautista's version of the law has a more limited scope with the municipalities of Santa Maria, Malita, Don Marcelino, Jose Abad Santos and Sarangani proposed to form Davao Occidental. Cagas' version included the municipalities of Kiblawan, Malalag and Sulop. The three municipalities opted out from being a part of the province proposed by Bautista.
By virtue of Republic Act 10360 enacted on July 23, 2013, the province is the newest in the country, carved out from the southern part of Davao del Sur. RA 10360 was passed by the House of Representatives and Senate on November 28, 2012, and December 5, 2012, respectively, and signed by President Benigno Aquino III on January 14, 2013. A plebiscite was to be held to ratify the law.
A majority vote of those who participated in the plebiscite was required to approve or disapprove the creation of Davao Occidental. Registered voters of Davao del Sur except Davao City at the time of the plebiscite were eligible to vote.

## Results

The results of the plebiscite was announced by the COMELEC on October 30, 2013. Seventy-six percent of those who voted favored the creation of the new province.
Do you approve of the creation of the province of Davao Occidental? :
| Choice | Votes | % |
| Yes | 180,162 | 76.57 |
| No | 55,139 | 23.43 |
| Total votes | 235,301 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 553,092 | 42.54 |
| Source: |||

## Aftermath

Malita was designated as capital of the new province and government officials of Davao del Sur, with assistance from the Department of Interior and Local Government retaining jurisdiction over the new province until residents of the province elected for the province's own set of government officials in 2016.
# Barbary stag

The Barbary stag (Cervus elaphus barbarus), also known as the Atlas deer or African elk, is a subspecies of the red deer that is native to North Africa. It is the only deer known to be native to Africa, aside from Megaceroides algericus, which went extinct approximately 6,000 years ago.

## Description

The Barbary stag is smaller than the typical red deer. Its body is dark brown with some white spots on its flanks and back. The antlers lack the bez (second) tine.

## Range/habitat

The Barbary stag is the only member of the deer family that is native to Africa. It thrives in dense, humid forested areas of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. It had initially been hunted to extinction in the latter, but specimens from the Tunisian population were reintroduced in the 1990s. One population can be found in Tazekka National Park in the Middle Atlas Mountains. Other notable herds are known from the areas of Akfadou, Bouzeguène, and Zéralda, Algeria, as well as Taza Province, Morocco.

## Nomenclature

Recent genetic studies indicate that the North African red deer population is practically indistinguishable from the Sardinian and Corsican populations, generally referred to as the Corsican red deer. This strongly argues for an ancient introduction of red deer from North Africa to these Mediterranean islands by humans. Further analysis suggests that the Barbary stag, including the Corsican red deer, belongs to a separate species, and should be grouped under the name Cervus corsicanus.

## Predators

Predators of the Barbary stag include, or included, the Barbary lion, the Atlas bear, the Barbary leopard, and the African wolf, but these have become either endangered or extinct in the region where the Barbary stag occurs.
# Marcinkonys

Marcinkonys (Polish: Marcinkańce) is a village in Varėna district, Lithuania, located 21 km. south-west of Varėna. It is the administrative center of the Marcinkonys Eldership and it houses the administrations of the Dzūkija National Park and Čepkeliai Nature Reserve. According to the 2020 estimate, it had 591 residents.
Marcinkonys town is located c. 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Druskininkai, 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Varėna.

## History

Throughout the history the place was under Russian, Polish, and Soviet rules and therefore it may be referred to by multiple names and spellings, including Marcinkańce (Polish name), Martsinkantse (phonemic transliteration of the Polish name), Martsinkantsy (transliteration of the Russified Polish name), and Martsinkonis (transliteration of Russian Марцинконис).
The settlement was first mentioned in 1637 as a camp of foresters. It began growing after completion of the railway station in its location for the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway in 1864.
During the Holocaust, the town had the Marcinkonys Ghetto for the Lithuanian Jews. Some Jews escaped during the liquidation of the ghetto and managed to survive the war.

## Etymology

The name Marcinkonys comes from a personal name Lithuanian: Marcinkónis (also Marcìnka, Marciñkus) which originates from Slavic forms for a name Martin, Marcin (Polish: Marcinko, Marcinek, Belarusian: Маpтынчык).

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1959 | 1,223 | — |
| 1979 | 1,080 | −11.7% |
| 1989 | 835 | −22.7% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 2001 | 765 | −8.4% |
| 2011 | 640 | −16.3% |
| 2021 | 493 | −23.0% |
Source: 1959, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2011 :
# RaShaun Kemp

RaShaun Kemp is an American politician who was elected member of the Georgia State Senate for the 38th district in 2024.
Kemp is a former high school teacher and principal. Kemp and his husband have two children.
# Branko Miljković

Branko Miljković (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранко Миљковић; 29 January 1934 – 12 February 1961) was a Serbian poet.

## Biography

Miljković was born in Niš to a Serb father Gligorije Miljković, who hails from Gadžin Han, and a Croat mother Marija Brailo, who hails from Trbounje near Drniš.
He was best known throughout Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern Bloc for his influential writings. At a time when no one could have foreseen anything but a bright future for the poet, he died prematurely in 1961 at the age of 27. He was found hanging from a tree in Zagreb, today's Croatia. This controversial incident was officially recorded as a suicide.
In his one-line poem "Epitaph", he writes "Ubi me prejaka reč" ("I was killed by a word too strong") almost sensing his premature end of life. During the last years of his life, he published five books of poetry (I Wake Her in Vain, Death against Death, The Origin of Hope, Fire and Nothing, The Shining Blood, criticism, and translations of the French Symbolists and Russian poet Osip Mandelstam. He continues to influence poets to this day.

## Legacy

A biopic about Miljković's life and poetry Vatra i ništa ('Fire and Nothing') was produced in 1995. It was written and directed by Marislav Radisavljević [sr], and produced by Ivan Zdravković. Goran Milev played the role of Branko Miljković.
He is sometimes called "the Serbian prince of poetry". In 2024, several of his poems were included in Buenos Aires Poetry n°1, in Serbian, English and Spanish.

## Works

* Uzalud je budim, Belgrade, 1957
* Smrću protiv smrti, (co-written with Blažo Šćepanović), Belgrade, 1959
* Vatra i ništa, Belgrade, 1960
* Poreklo nade, Zagreb, 1960
* Krv koja svetli, Belgrade, 1961
# Ceren Demirçelen

Ceren Demirçelen (born February 23, 1992) is a Turkish women's handballer, who plays in the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for Kastamonu Bld. GSK, and the Turkey national team. The 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)-tall sportswoman is line player.

## Club career

Ceren Demirçelen began her sports career in the 2010–11 season, joining the handball team of Kastamonu University, which played in the Turkish Women's Handball First League. In the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons, she played in the Women's Sıper League for Araç Belediyespor, which was renamed to Kastamonu Bld. GSK in July 2014. She continued to remain on the squad of Kastamonu Bld. GSK in the coming seasons.
She participated in the 2015–16 Women's EHF Challenge Cup with Kastamonu Bld. GSK.

## International career

In November 2014, Demirçelen was called up to the Turkey women's national handball team. She took part in the qualification matches of the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship – European qualification. In 2022, she was part of the national team that became champions at the 5th Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya, Turkey.

## Honours
### Turkish Women's Handball Super League

* Third place (1): 2014–15.
# Lamar John Ryan Cecil

Lamar John Ryan Cecil (November 2, 1902 – February 14, 1958) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.

## Education and career

Born in Houston, Texas, Cecil received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Rice Institute (now Rice University) in 1923 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Texas School of Law in 1927. He was in private practice in Beaumont, Texas from 1927 to 1954. Along with his wife Mary Reed Cecil, he became the father of historian Lamar John Ryan Cecil (1932 - 2023), who was the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of History at Washington and Lee University, and was the author of several books on Imperial Germany including:
`Albert Ballin: Business and Politics in Imperial Germany, 1888 - 1918' (1967)
`The German Diplomatic Service, 1871 - 1914' (1976)
`Wilhelm II: Volume 1: Prince and Emperor, 1859 – 1900' (1989)
`Wilhelm II: Volume 2: Emperor and Exile, 1900 – 1941' (2000)

## Federal judicial service

On August 31, 1954, Cecil received a recess appointment from President Dwight D. Eisenhower to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas created by 68 Stat. 8. Formally nominated to the same seat by President Eisenhower on November 8, 1954, he was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 2, 1954, and received his commission on December 3, 1954. Cecil served in that capacity until his death on February 14, 1958.