OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1983 Guilin Airport collision

25°11′38″N 110°19′13″E﻿ / ﻿25.1939°N 110.3203°E﻿ / 25.1939; 110.3203
The 1983 Guilin Airport collision was a ground collision between a People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) Harbin H-5 bomber and a CAAC (Guangzhou Division, now China Southern Airlines) Hawker-Siddeley Trident at the military – civilian Guilin Qifengling Airport, killing 11 passengers.

## Accident

On 14 September 1983, a military aircraft collided into a CAAC (Guangzhou Division, now China Southern Airlines) Hawker-Siddeley Trident at the Guilin Qifengling Airport. The Trident was taxiing for take-off when it was struck by the Harbin H-5, ripping a large hole in the forward fuselage of the Trident. On board the Trident bound for Beijing were 100 passengers and 6 crew; of the 106 on board 11 passengers died and 21 were injured. The fate of the Harbin H-5 and its crew was not reported.
# K. Sripavan

Kanagasabapathy J. Sripavan (Tamil: கனகசபாபதி சிறீபவன் Kaṉakacapāpati Ciṟīpavaṉ, Sinhala: කනකසපාපති ශ්‍රීපවන් ; born 29 February 1952) is a Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and judge. He was Deputy Solicitor General, judge and president of the Court of Appeal, Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka and the 44th Chief Justice of Sri Lanka.

## Early life and family

Sripavan was born on 29 February 1952. He is the son of Nadaraja Kanagasabapathy, an employee of Kankesanthurai Cement Factory. He was educated at Jaffna Hindu College between 1962 and 1972. He joined Sri Lanka Law College in 1974 and passed out as an attorney at law in 1976, obtaining a first class in the Intermediate Examination.

## Career

After qualifying Sripavan enrolled as an attorney-at-law on 23 August 1977 and practised law at the unofficial Bar of Sri Lanka between 1977 and 1978. He then joined the Attorney General's Department as an acting State Counsel on 13 February 1978. He became a permanent State Counsel on 1 January 1979. He was promoted to Senior State Counsel on 3 March 1989.
Sripavan was appointed Deputy Solicitor General on 22 February 1996. He was the head of the Court of Appeal Unit and worked on Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court cases including Bills and Fundamental Rights applications. He supervised state counsels and revenue matters. Sripavan continued his legal studies whilst working, obtaining a diploma in Industrial Law from the University of Colombo in 1992 and Master of Laws from the Queen Mary and Westfield College, part of the University of London, in 1994.
Sripavan was appointed a judge of the Court of Appeal on 29 May 2002. He went on to become president of the Court of Appeal on 5 March 2007. He was appointed to the Supreme Court on 27 March 2008, replacing retiring Justice Nihal Jayasinghe. He was acting Chief Justice on three occasions.

### Chief justice

In January 2013 43rd Chief Justice Shirani Bandaranayake was controversially impeached by the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Bandaranayake was subsequently removed from office by President Mahinda Rajapaksa. Attorney General Mohan Peiris was appointed chief justice by Rajapaksa. Rajapaksa lost the 2015 presidential election after which the government led by newly elected President Maithripala Sirisena ruled that Bandaranayake's removal was "null and void" as it had not followed proper procedure. Peiris was sent a letter stating that his appointment had been illegal and then Bandaranayake was re-instated as chief justice on 28 January 2015. Peiris however claims that his removal from office is unconstitutional, saying that he neither retired, resigned or vacated office.
After resuming her position Bandaranayake announced that she would retire the following day - 29 January 2015. Sripavan was sworn in as Sri Lanka's 44th chief justice on 30 January 2015. He retired as chief justice on 28 February 2017.
# Tlumačov (Domažlice District)

Tlumačov is a municipality and village in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Tlumačov lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Domažlice, 51 km (32 mi) south-west of Plzeň, and 132 km (82 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Administrative division

Tlumačov consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Tlumačov (377)
* Filipova Hora (49)
# Vittadinia muelleri

Vittadinia muelleri, commonly known as narrow-leaf New Holland daisy, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a small perennial forb with bright green leaves and purple daisy-like flowers. It grows in New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory.

## Description

Vittadinia muelleri is a perennial forb up to 20 cm (7.9 in) high, multi-stemmed from the base and a woody rootstock. The stems are leafy, branched or simple and covered sparsely or scattered with stiff, short, spreading hairs. The leaves are bright green, arranged alternately along the stem, linear to narrowly oval-shaped, 8–40 mm (0.31–1.57 in) long, 1–8 mm (0.039–0.315 in) wide and mostly with 1-3 pairs of pointed narrow lobes toward the tip, scattered, rough, simple hairs and the apex pointed. The bracts are oblong-shaped, up to 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in), almost smooth, margins sometimes with small hairs. The daisy-like flowers are purplish with a yellow centre, about 7 mm (0.28 in) across, ligules 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) long. Flowering occurs mostly from November to May and the fruit is a wedge-shaped, flattened cypsela, ribbed and about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Vittadinia muelleri was first formally described in 1969 Nancy Tyson Burbidge and the description was published in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.

## Distribution and habitat

Narrow-leaf New Holland daisy grows in dry forests, woodlands, and grasslands in Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania.
# Všeruby (Domažlice District)

Všeruby (German: Neumark) is a market town in the Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Všeruby consists of ten municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Všeruby (413)
* Brůdek (71)
* Chalupy (10)
* Hájek (88)
* Hyršov (94)
* Kosteliště (1)
* Maxov (41)
* Pláně (11)
* Pomezí (12)
* Studánky (3)

## Geography

Všeruby is located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Domažlice and 52 km (32 mi) southwest of Plzeň, on the border with Germany. It lies in the Cham-Furth Depression. The highest point is at 574 m (1,883 ft) above sea level. The Chamb River flows through the eastern part of the municipal territory and then forms a part of the Czech-German border. The brook Hájecký potok (a tributary of the Chamb) originates here and supplies the fishpond Všerubský rybník, which is a large pond in the centre of Všeruby.

## History

The first written mention of Všeruby is from 1570, when it was promoted to a market town. It was then a part of the Rýzmberk estate, owned by Lords of Gutštejn. The owners of Všeruby often changed and included various less prominent noble families. From 1697 until the establishment of a sovereign municipality in 1848, Všeruby was property of the Stadion family.
At the end of World War II, on 4 May 1945, the German 11th Panzer Division under command of General Wend von Wietersheim surrendered to the US 90th Infantry Division at Všeruby.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 3,340 | — |
| 1880 | 3,419 | +2.4% |
| 1890 | 3,076 | −10.0% |
| 1900 | 2,965 | −3.6% |
| 1910 | 3,010 | +1.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 2,893 | −3.9% |
| 1930 | 2,773 | −4.1% |
| 1950 | 1,146 | −58.7% |
| 1961 | 950 | −17.1% |
| 1970 | 1,027 | +8.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 931 | −9.3% |
| 1991 | 833 | −10.5% |
| 2001 | 856 | +2.8% |
| 2011 | 796 | −7.0% |
| 2021 | 744 | −6.5% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality. On the Czech-German border is the road border crossing Všeruby / Eschlkam.

## Sights

The main landmark of Všeruby is the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel. It was built in the Renaissance style in 1628–1650. A chapel was added to the church in the 18th century. The present appearance of the church is a result of the reconstruction in the second half of the 19th century, after it was damaged by a fire.
The Church of Saint Anne is located in Hájek. It was built in the Baroque style in 1712–1717 on the site of an old wooden chapel. It is a pilgrimage site.
# Video 2000

Video 2000 (also known as V2000, with the tape standard Video Compact Cassette, or VCC) is a consumer videocassette system and analogue recording standard developed by Philips and Grundig to compete with JVC's VHS and Sony's Betamax video technologies. It was designed for the PAL color television standard, but some models additionally handled SECAM. Distribution of Video 2000 products began in 1979 exclusively in Europe, South Africa and Argentina and ended in 1988.
Although some initial models and advertising featured a mirror-image "VCR" badge based on the logo of Philips's earlier Video Cassette Recording (VCR) system, Video 2000 was an entirely new (and incompatible) format, which incorporated many technical innovations. Despite this, the format was not a major success and was eventually discontinued, having lost out to the rival VHS system in the videotape format war.

## The Video Compact Cassette

Philips named the videotape standard Video Compact Cassette (VCC) to complement its landmark audio Compact Cassette format introduced in 1963, but the format itself was marketed under the trademark Video 2000.
Despite the name, VCCs are marginally larger than VHS cassettes—shorter, but thicker and deeper. They have two co-planar reels containing half-inch (12.5 mm) wide chromium dioxide magnetic tape. The format used only half (6.25 mm) of the half-inch tape on a given "side", and so it is occasionally referred to erroneously as a quarter-inch tape format, despite its physical tape width. The cassette can then be flipped over to use the other half of the tape, thus doubling playing time.

## Format and features

Dynamic Track Following (DTF) eliminated the need for a separate control track and enabled the video heads to accurately follow the recorded tracks on the tape during playback. Therefore, by design V2000 machines do not require a video tracking control.

## Launch

A key intention of the V2000 format, thanks to DTF, was tape compatibility. A tape from any machine should play perfectly on any other machine. However, when the VR2020 reached the shops it was discovered that its audio head was 2.5 mm out of position compared to that on Grundig's Video 2×4 (Grundig V1600). This meant that the sound would be out of sync with the picture when played back on the other type of machine. Both manufacturers' hastily moved the audio head 1.25 mm to a common position, but compatibility issues remained for recordings made on the first generation of machines.

## Machines

* Philips VR2020
* Philips VR2022
* Philips VR2026 (PAL/SECAM tuner—recorded SECAM as PAL)
* Philips VR2340
* Philips VR2324
* ITT VR681
# 2005 in Mongolia

Events in the year 2005 in Mongolia.

## Incumbents

* President: Natsagiin Bagabandi (until 24 June), Nambaryn Enkhbayar (from 24 June)
* Prime Minister: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj

## Events

* 22 May – 2005 Mongolian presidential election

## Births

* 7 January – Bat-Erdene Mungunzul, chess player
# Taku Takeuchi

Taku Takeuchi (竹内 択, Takeuchi Taku, born 20 May 1987) is a Japanese ski jumper who has competed since 2006.
His best individual result was in 2013 when he finished 2nd at Klingenthal.
At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Takeuchi finished fifth in the team large hill, 34th in the individual normal hill, and 37th in the individual large hill events.
# Drummond Street, London

Drummond Street is a street in London just north of the centre, located near Euston station and running parallel with Euston Road. It is best known for its Indian and Bangladeshi restaurants and supply shops, including Diwana Bhel Poori House which claims to be the oldest South Indian vegetarian restaurant in Britain, having opened in 1970.
It is the site of Schafer House, a student hall of residence of University College London.
Drummond Street used to be considerably longer, continuing north-eastwards through what is now Euston station and also including what is now Doric Way. On this part of Drummond Street was the main entrance to the station and the site of the Euston Arch. The eastern part of Drummond Street was built over when Euston station was rebuilt and extended southwards in 1961; the Euston Arch was demolished, the far north-eastern part of Drummond Street was renamed Doric Way, and Drummond Street was separated from the formerly-adjacent Drummond Crescent to the north.
Since 2019 the eastern extremity of Drummond Street has seen mass demolition of various properties to accommodate the expansion of Euston station for the construction of the High Speed 2 railway line. – most notably the original surface building of Euston tube station at the corner of adjacent Melton Street which was originally constructed by the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway in the 1900s to a standard design by Leslie Green.
The Crown and Anchor is a Grade II listed public house at 137 Drummond Street.
In June 2021 an enterprise called the "Drummond Streatery project" was launched to help revive the street's restaurant trade after the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the engineering works at the nearby station. The project is a collaboration between Camden London Borough Council and the local business improvement district team, with the involvement of local traders.
# Blížejov

Blížejov is a municipality and village in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Blížejov consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Blížejov (1,028)
* Chotiměř (107)
* Františkov (14)
* Lštění (124)
* Malonice (42)
* Nahošice (72)
* Přívozec (128)
* Výrov (11)

## Etymology

The initial name of the village was Bližejov. The name was derived from the personal name Bližej, meaning "Bližej's (court)".

## Geography

Blížejov is located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Domažlice and 38 km (24 mi) southwest of Plzeň. It lies on the border between the Upper Palatine Forest Foothills and Plasy Uplands. The highest point is at 501 m (1,644 ft) above sea level. The Zubřina Stream flows through the town.

## History

The first written mention of Blížejov is from 1324. The village used to be divided into several parts owned by different noble families.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,713 | — |
| 1880 | 1,829 | +6.8% |
| 1890 | 1,812 | −0.9% |
| 1900 | 1,932 | +6.6% |
| 1910 | 1,962 | +1.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 1,960 | −0.1% |
| 1930 | 1,915 | −2.3% |
| 1950 | 1,467 | −23.4% |
| 1961 | 1,508 | +2.8% |
| 1970 | 1,337 | −11.3% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 1,200 | −10.2% |
| 1991 | 1,047 | −12.7% |
| 2001 | 1,036 | −1.1% |
| 2011 | 1,420 | +37.1% |
| 2021 | 1,526 | +7.5% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

Blížejov is located on the railway line Plzeň–Domažlice.

## Sights

The main landmark of Blížejov is the Church of Saint Martin. It was built in the Gothic style in the mid-14th century. In the first half of the 18th century, it was modified in the Baroque style.
In Lštění is a late Gothic tower-shaped fortress. It was probably built in the mid-15th century. In the mid-16th century, a Renaissance castle was built next to the fortress, but it was later destroyed. The fortress was rebuilt into a granary in 1769. Today the building is privately owned.
# Frescheville Holles

Sir Frescheville Holles (8 June 1642 – 28 May 1672) was an English Royal Navy officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1666 to 1672. He was killed in action fighting in the Anglo-Dutch war.
Holles was the son of Gervase Holles and his second wife Elizabeth Molesworth. Gervase Holles had been Mayor and MP for Grimsby.
Frescheville Holles was a major in the Westminster militia and commanded a privateer called the Panther. He was recommended for the navy by George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle. and lost an arm at the Four Days Battle in 1666 while commanding HMS Antelope. He was knighted in June the same year (1666).
In 1667, Holles was elected Member of Parliament for Grimsby in the Cavalier Parliament. In 1667 he was also made a captain in the 2nd Foot Guards but lost his command in 1669, becoming Mayor of Grimsby that year instead in the footsteps of his father. In January, 1672 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
In March 1672, he and Sir Robert Holmes sailed from Portsmouth and attacked the Dutch Smyrna convoy in the English Channel on its return home. This foray had official sanction and led to the Third Dutch War. Holles was in command of HMS Cambridge at the Battle of Solebay on 28 May 1672 when he was killed at the age of 29. He was given a funeral in Westminster Abbey and was buried in St Edmund's chapel in an unmarked grave.

## Family

Holles married Jane, daughter of Richard Lewis, and widow of Valentine Crome, a London merchant.
# Königsplatz station

Königsplatz is an U-Bahn station in Munich on the U2 line of the Munich U-Bahn system. It is located in the Maxvorstadt district.
The station is close to many museums including the Kunstareal. The walls behind the platforms are decorated with facsimiles of famous works of art. The station is named after the square above and opened on October 18, 1980. The floor is different from the other stations opened that year, with gray-blue Azul granite slabs. The pillars are covered with large brown stone and the ceiling has two lighting bands veneered with aluminum fins.
The station was planned under the name Brienner Straße, which runs through Königsplatz above.
# Devinalh

The devinalh (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Old Occitan:, roughly meaning "guesswork"), was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry practiced by some troubadours. It takes the form of a riddle, or series of riddles or cryptograms and is, if read literally, mostly nonsensical. Known practitioners include Guilhen de Peiteu, Raimbaut of Orange, Giraut de Bornelh, Guilhem Ademar, Guilhem de Berguedan and Raimbaut de Vaqueiras.
The term was created by modern scholars of Old Occitan and was never used by the troubadours themselves to refer to a specific type of poem.

## Examples

This was a rare genre, of which only a handful of examples exist; among them:
* Farai un vers de dreit nien by Guilhen de Peiteu, the first known example
* Las frevols venson lo plus fort by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
* Taflamart faflama hoflomom maflamal puflums siflima eflementre boflomonaflamas geflemens, a cryptogram by Cerveri de Girona
# Ahmed Baduri

Ahmed Tahir Baduri (23 October 1946 – 30 January 2024) was an Eritrean politician and diplomat who was the Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations for Eritrea between 2001 and 2005, replacing Haile Menkerios. Baduri was replaced by Araya Desta.

## Biography

Ahmed Tahir Baduri was born in Hargigo on 23 October 1946. After finishing elementary education in Hargigo, he travelled to Egypt where he completed secondary education. He joined Halab University in Syria and studied medicine, but quit his studies in 1969 and joined the Eritrean Liberation Front. He then joined the People's Liberation Forces, PLF, which split from the ELF in 1970 and was a founding member of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front. He was a member of the central committee of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front. After the liberation of Eritrea, he served in the government in different capacities and was the head of the investment office and the chamber of commerce. Baduri died on 30 January 2024, at the age of 77.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "New Permanent Representative of Eritrea Presents Credentials", UN website, 8 February 2001
* ↑ "Eritrea: Ambassador Ahmed Tahir Baduri passed away". Africa.com. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
| Preceded byHaile Menkerios | Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations for Eritrea 2001–2005 | Succeeded byAraya Desta |
* This African diplomat–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# XHHHI-FM

XHHHI-FM was a radio station on 99.3 FM in Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. It was owned by Radiorama and last carried its @FM pop format.

## History

XEHHI-AM 640 received its concession on November 16, 1988. It was owned by Sistemas Populares de Comunicación, S.A. de C.V., owned by Arnoldo Rodríguez Zermeño. The concession was later transferred to Radio XEHHI-AM, S.A. de C.V., also owned by Zermeño. However, Zermeño opted to sell the station to Radiorama.
XEHHI received approval to migrate to FM in 2011. In 2015, its facilities moved to Cerro El Ángulo and the station decreased power from 25 kW to 10. The concession expired in 2018, and XHHHI signed off for good on June 30, 2019. Sister station XHSB-FM became a dual Arroba FM/Éxtasis Digital station with XHHHI's closure.
# 2013 CELAC summit

The I CELAC summit or 2013 CELAC summit was the first ordinary heads of state summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. It was held on 27 and 28 January 2013 in Santiago, Chile.
All CELAC member states participated except Paraguay. Following the impeachment of Fernando Lugo in 2012, Paraguay was excluded from Mercosur and Unasur meetings. While Paraguay was not officially sanctioned or suspended by CELAC, the government decided not to attend the summit, claiming that it had not been invited to it.
On 28 January 2013, the President of Cuba Raúl Castro succeeded President of Chile Sebastián Piñera as the pro tempore president of the CELAC. This was criticized Cuban exile organizations Cuban American National Foundation, Cuban Democratic Directorate, Assembly of the Resistance, Cuban Liberty Council, as well as the Politically Persecuted Venezuelans Abroad (Veppex).

## I EU-CELAC summit

On 26 January 2013, before the I CELAC summit, the I EU-CELAC summit was held. It was the 7th bi-regional summit and the first to have the CELAC as the European Union counterpart in Latin America and the Caribbean.