# San Rafael, Bulacan

San Rafael, officially the Municipality of San Rafael (Tagalog: Bayan ng San Rafael, Kapampangan: Balen ning San Rafael), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 103,097 people.

## Etymology

According to a legend, the origin of town's present name San Rafael traces to a local fisherman. A few days after he had dreamed that he could heal, he successfully treated an ill neighbor using a fish's liver. Because of this, the news spread that he was indeed able to heal. When the Spanish missionaries arrived, they visited his house that was flocked by many people. Because of this, they named the place after Saint Raphael the Archangel, the patron saint of healing whose name is in turn derived from a Hebrew word meaning "God has healed."

## History
### Spanish era

San Rafael was established as a pueblo in 1750. The San Juan de Dios Church still stands as the silent witness of the bloody battles that the Filipino insurgents fought during the Philippine Revolution of 1896. This church was used as military barracks for almost three days, after the insurgents had destroyed all papers and documents they found in the convents. When the Spanish Cazadores learned of these rebellious activities, they entered the church and fought the insurgents. The combatants fought heavily inside the church to a point that blood was spilled all over the church floor. The patio in front of the church was littered by dead bodies of Filipino insurgents. The gobernadorcillo ordered people to dig a common grave near the church for the bodies of the insurgents.

### American influence

The Americans succeeded the Spaniards with their policy of benevolent assimilation. Schools were established as a potent factor for pacification. In 1903, schools were opened in San Rafael. The municipal building was used as a school house. Since then, with the supervision of the American administrators, San Rafael has enjoyed the education and the progress which was denied to them during the three–century rule of the Spaniards.
In 1899, the Americans incorporated the town to Baliuag when the latter was intended to be the new provincial capital of Bulacan. However, due to a number of petitions of the people of San Rafael, especially when the plan to make Baliuag the capital of Bulacan did not materialize, the Americans where convinced to separate San Rafael as an independent town from Baliwag. Julian V. Valte was appointed to be the first Presidente Municipal of San Rafael, and Emilio Reyes was the last. However, its incorporation to Baliuag pushed through, alongside Bustos, on October 8, 1903, by virtue of Act No. 932. It was separated from Baliuag to become an independent town once again on March 21, 1907.
In the year 1924 and 1927, with the help of some influential men, the Spaniards were able to get the signatures of the land owners of San Rafael and San Ildefonso to an agreement purporting to show their willingness to donate their lands to the Hospital of San Juan de Dios.
Thus the town of San Rafael and San Ildefonso became properties of the hospital and started to be called Hacienda de Buenavista until 1944, when it got back its original name.

### Japanese occupation

The Commonwealth of the Philippines was invaded by the Empire of Japan in December 1941 shortly after Japan's declaration of war upon the United States of America, which controlled the Philippines at the time and possessed important military bases there. The combined American-Filipino army was defeated by April 1942.
In May, 1942, the Japanese government opened schools and introduced the teaching of Nippon-go. As part of its war drive, Japanese propaganda included phrases like "Asia for the Asians!" and talked about the perceived need to liberate Asian countries from imperialist powers. Similarly, the Philippines were propagandized about "American exploitation," "American Imperialism," and "American tyranny," and blame was laid on the United States for starting the war. They were assured that the American forces would not return and that they were not Japan's enemies. The effect of this was considerably undermined by the actions of the Japanese Army, and the Filipinos soon waited for the return of the Americans to free them from the Japanese. Japanese education condemned anything American, tried to infuse Japanese culture and to teach Filipinos the concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere under the Japanese influence.
Socio–economic, educational and religious programs were largely non-existent. The people were deprived of property, food, supplies and shelter. They were forced or resorted to eat camote, wore jute sacks and tattered clothes. The people of San Rafael evacuated to Upig, Licheria, Coral na Bato and Camachile. Schools were closed and the church was ordered to stop performing its religious duties.
Guerrilla resistance against the Japanese continued throughout the war. Uncaptured Filipino army units, a communist insurgency and supporting American agents all played a role in the resistance. The people of San Rafael refused to be subjected to Japanese authority and they organized and joined small guerrilla bands and harassed the units of the Japanese army stationed in the town whenever there was a chance to do so. These small, organized guerrillas in San Rafael later became members of BMA (Bulacan Military Area).

### The liberation of San Rafael

When the American forces landed in Leyte in October 1944, the Japanese became more brutal. Hundreds met their death in the hands of the enemy. One cruel incident occurred at Barrio Pulo. Men and women who were assembled where tied together, dynamites were strapped to many of them and these were later detonated by the Japanese captors. A lone survivor, Marcelo Mangahas, told the world of the gory incident. Other atrocities followed. However, the unity of the people of San Rafael and the heroism of the Filipino soldiers and guerrillas prevented further casualties and destruction. When the Americans arrived, they found San Rafael liberated by the courageous guerrillas with the Filipino troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army 32nd, 35th and 36th Infantry Division and the Philippine Constabulary 3rd Constabulary Regiment that were mostly from San Rafael.
Local Filipino troops of the 32nd, 35th and 36th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 3rd Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary liberated the town in San Rafael, Bulacan and aided the guerrillas of the Bulacan Military Area (BMA) and defeated Japanese soldiers and aftermath in World War II.

### Contemporary history

On December 14, 2024, the municipality set a Guinness World Record for the "largest gathering of people dressed as angels," which was held by Winnipeg, Canada, in 2015. Reportedly, there were more than 2,000 participants in the event which was held at the Victory Coliseum.

## Geography

With the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, San Rafael is part of Manila's built-up area which reaches San Ildefonso, Bulacan at its northernmost part.
San Rafael is 37 kilometers (23 mi) from Malolos, the provincial capital, and 60 kilometers (37 mi) from Manila, the country's capital.

### Barangays

San Rafael is politically subdivided into 34 barangays. Each barangay consist of 7 puroks and some have sitios.
There are 5 urban and 29 rural barangays.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | Population | Population | ±% p.a. | ±% p.a. |
| | | 2020 | 2020 | 2010 | | |
| 031422001 | BMA‑Balagtas | 1.5% | 1,515 | 1,512 | ▴ | 0.02% |
| 031422002 | Banca‑banca | 1.1% | 1,174 | 1,122 | ▴ | 0.45% |
| 031422003 | Caingin | 10.0% | 10,262 | 9,723 | ▴ | 0.54% |
| 031422004 | Coral na Bato | 1.5% | 1,500 | 1,808 | ▾ | −1.85% |
| 031422005 | Cruz na Daan | 1.3% | 1,372 | 1,255 | ▴ | 0.90% |
| 031422006 | Dagat‑dagatan | 1.3% | 1,347 | 1,307 | ▴ | 0.30% |
| 031422007 | Diliman I | 3.2% | 3,340 | 3,333 | ▴ | 0.02% |
| 031422008 | Diliman II | 0.8% | 850 | 773 | ▴ | 0.95% |
| 031422009 | Capihan | 6.2% | 6,423 | 5,083 | ▴ | 2.37% |
| 031422010 | Libis | 2.2% | 2,228 | 2,077 | ▴ | 0.70% |
| 031422011 | Lico | 2.0% | 2,023 | 1,941 | ▴ | 0.41% |
| 031422012 | Maasim | 1.3% | 1,346 | 1,302 | ▴ | 0.33% |
| 031422013 | Mabalas‑balas | 3.6% | 3,667 | 3,196 | ▴ | 1.38% |
| 031422014 | Maguinao | 4.0% | 4,123 | 3,659 | ▴ | 1.20% |
| 031422015 | Maronquillo | 3.2% | 3,284 | 2,514 | ▴ | 2.71% |
| 031422016 | Paco | 1.1% | 1,101 | 926 | ▴ | 1.75% |
| 031422017 | Pansumaloc | 1.0% | 997 | 873 | ▴ | 1.34% |
| 031422018 | Pantubig | 3.6% | 3,750 | 3,508 | ▴ | 0.67% |
| 031422019 | Pasong Bangkal | 0.9% | 955 | 717 | ▴ | 2.91% |
| 031422020 | Pasong Callos | 0.8% | 818 | 738 | ▴ | 1.03% |
| 031422021 | Pasong Intsik | 1.4% | 1,459 | 1,317 | ▴ | 1.03% |
| 031422022 | Pinacpinacan | 1.8% | 1,815 | 1,538 | ▴ | 1.67% |
| 031422023 | Poblacion | 1.6% | 1,636 | 1,678 | ▾ | −0.25% |
| 031422024 | Pulo | 3.4% | 3,488 | 3,470 | ▴ | 0.05% |
| 031422025 | Pulong Bayabas | 1.0% | 1,071 | 926 | ▴ | 1.47% |
| 031422026 | Salapungan | 2.0% | 2,058 | 1,895 | ▴ | 0.83% |
| 031422027 | Sampaloc | 3.9% | 4,009 | 3,693 | ▴ | 0.82% |
| 031422028 | San Agustin | 1.4% | 1,486 | 1,290 | ▴ | 1.42% |
| 031422030 | San Roque | 8.0% | 8,233 | 6,494 | ▴ | 2.40% |
| 031422031 | Talacsan | 3.5% | 3,659 | 3,638 | ▴ | 0.06% |
| 031422032 | Tambubong | 7.6% | 7,810 | 7,432 | ▴ | 0.50% |
| 031422033 | Tukod | 2.3% | 2,381 | 2,262 | ▴ | 0.51% |
| 031422034 | Ulingao | 2.6% | 2,653 | 2,198 | ▴ | 1.90% |
| 031422035 | Sapang Pahalang | 0.8% | 822 | 723 | ▴ | 1.29% |
| | Total | Total | 103,097 | 85,921 | ▴ | 1.84% |

### Climate

Climate data for San Rafael, Bulacan :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 17 (0.7) | 82 (3.2) | 122 (4.8) | 151 (5.9) | 123 (4.8) | 124 (4.9) | 99 (3.9) | 37 (1.5) | 21 (0.8) | 792 (31.1) |
| Average rainy days | 3.3 | 2.5 | 11.7 | 6.6 | 17.7 | 22.2 | 25.2 | 23.7 | 23.2 | 17.9 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 168.4 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of San Rafael, Bulacan, was 103,097 people, with a density of 680 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,800 inhabitants per square mile.

## Economy

Poverty incidence of San Rafael
* 2.5
* 5
* 7.5
* 10
* 12.5
* 15
* 2006 11.40
* 2009 8.30
* 2012 7.29
* 2015 7.01
* 2018 4.45
* 2021 12.72
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

## Infrastructure
### Housing

In April 2023, the San Rafael Heights Township Development Project, a socialized housing innovation, based on Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino (4PH) started the construction of 3,920 residential condominium units in a seven-hectare lot in Sitio Gulod, Barangay Caingin. It is developed by First Dynabloc Construction and Development Corporation.
Primeworld Enclave San Rafael is owned by Primeworld Land Holdings Inc. It is a gated and planned community and affordable housing in Barangay Caingin. Its amenities include a clubhouse, basketball court, park and playground, garden walkway and jogging path. Primeworld Land received multiple awards as house developer - DOT Property Philippine Awards 2023, Lamudi Philippine Real Estate Awards, and PropertyGuru Philippines Property Awards 2023.

## Tourism

The 8 Waves Waterpark & Hotel is the prime resort of the Town, and is one of the biggest in the Philippines. The Big Rock Farm Resort is another notable resort of the Town which is located in Barangay Coral na Bato. Bulacan's Prime - Home of Garlic Longaniza located in Diliman 1 San. Rafael who is well known for Authentic Bulakenyo Garlic “Bawang”and Sweet Hamonado Longaniza. The Malangaan Cave and Spring, located in Barangay Tukod is a large cave untouched by quarry operations in San Rafael, Bulacan and according to the locals of the barangay, it was once a hiding place of guerillas during World War II.
The Dela Fuente-Villaroman Ancestral House or Casa dela Fuente (Caingin) was declared a Heritage House per National Historical Commission of the Philippines Resolution No. 7, s. 2022 under RA 10066 at 10086. The historical marker was unveiled on 17 August 2022 by Carminda R. Arevalo, OIC, NHCP and San Rafael Mayor Mark Cholo Violago with G. Leween V. Castro and G. Alvin R. Alid. Barangay Caingin Resolution of June 24, 2022 declared it "Bahay na Malaki" as Heritage House by Captain Ramilito B. Capistrano and all Councilors. Built in 1890, this 19th-century architecture in the Philippines with its Azotea built in 1957, is owned by Vicente Trinidad dela Fuente (November 14, 1866 – December 16, 1920) a Cabeza de Barangay or Kapitan, husband of Paz Lim Villaroman (February 18, 1875 – March 20, 1913) with children Amanda (February 20, 1891 – January 14, 1960), Luisa, Luisa, Araceli (November 25, 1895 – April 7, 1995) and Dolores-Lolita (December 31, 1898 – April 18, 1986), all spinsters, who established the "dela Fuente Lines". Their cousins Leticia Trinidad Gonzales and Dalisay Lim Cruz, teacher, built the Caingin chapel.

### Largest Gathering of People Dressed as Angels

In 2024, Mayor Mark Cholo Violago conceptualized the “Largest Gathering of People Dressed as Angels”, a verified Guinness World Records, as tribute to the Seven Archangels in the town's annual September "Angel Festival" and to promote its tourism. On December 14, Senator Imee Marcos witnessed the civic engagement of 2,000 residents dressed in white robes, halos, and wings at the Victory Coliseum, Town Hall.

## Festivals

Every year, the town celebrates its Angel Festival in honor of their 2nd patron saint, Saint Raphael, together their town's pride, the Angel Festival, which attracts many tourists every year. It is a colorful celebration in honor of the Seven Archangels. This is held every 29 September.
This is highlighted by a parade participated by children from the public and private schools in San Rafael. More than a thousand children in angel costumes in the street make it look like heaven has come down to the town of San Rafael. This is followed by an interpretative dancing competition by all participant schools. The Angel Festival was started last September 29, 2002 through the initiative of the San Juan de Dios Parish and the San Rafael Tourism Council.

## Notable personalities

* Bishop Ruperto Cruz Santos (October 30, 1957) – fourth Bishop of Balanga (April 1, 2010 – July 22, 2023; appointed to the position on Holy Thursday of 2010 in April 1, 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI and installed or assumed office on July 8, 2010) and fifth Bishop of Antipolo (July 22, 2023–present).

## Gallery

* San Rafael Fire & PNP Police Stations and Municipal Trial Court, inside the New San Rafael Municipal Hall (Sampaloc)
* Bahay Pagbabago
* St. Paul College San Rafael (Pantubig)
* San Juan de Dios Church, a witness to the bloody 1896 Philippine Revolution (used as military barrack of Filipino insurgents for 3 days)
* MMPCI Ecology Center (Maronquillo)
* San Rafael Welcome Arch
* Baywalk view (Lico, San Rafael) of Angat Dam-River & Sierra Madre (Philippines)