OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1653 in science

The year 1653 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Biology

* Jan van Kessel paints a series of pictures of insects and fruit.

## Mathematics

* Blaise Pascal publishes his Traité du triangle arithmétique in which he describes a convenient tabular presentation for binomial coefficients, now called Pascal's triangle.

## Physics

* Blaise Pascal publishes his Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids in which he explains his law of pressure.

## Births

* January 16 – Johann Conrad Brunner, Swiss anatomist (died 1727)
* March 24 – Joseph Sauveur, French mathematician and acoustician (died 1716)

## Deaths

* Jan Stampioen, Dutch mathematician (born 1610) (gunpowder explosion)
# 1861 in animation

Events in 1861 in animation.

## Events

May 2: On May 2, 1861, while working near Paris, Henri Désiré du Mont filed French patent 49,520 for "a photographic device for reproduction of the successive phases of movement". It would transport 10 or 12 photographic plates, one by one, from a slotted frame, past the camera lens, into a lower receptacle area. A moving shutter was synchronized to ensure the plates were only exposed when they were in the right place.
* Specific date unknown:
** In 1861, the American engineer Coleman Sellers II received US patent No. 35,317 for the kinematoscope, a device that exhibited "stereoscopic pictures as to make them represent objects in motion". In his application he stated: "This has frequently been done with plane pictures but has never been, with stereoscopic pictures". He used three sets of stereoscopic photographs in a sequence with some duplicates to regulate the flow of a simple repetitive motion, but also described a system for very large series of pictures of complicated motion.
** In 1861, the Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně used his version of the phenakistiscope to illustrate the beating of a heart.
** In 1861, Samuel Goodale patented a hand-turned stereoscope device which rapidly moved stereo images past a viewer, in a fashion similar to the later mutoscope.
** In 1861, the Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell produced the first colour photograph, displayed by using three magic lantern projectors with different colour filters.

## Births
### December

* December 8: Georges Méliès, French film director, actor, and stage magician (pioneered the production of trick films and stop-motion animation, and the use of storyboards; credited with discovering the stop trick), (d. 1938).

## Deaths
### May

* May 13: William Henry Fitton, Irish physician and geologist, (credited as the inventor of the animation device thaumatrope in the memoirs of his friend Charles Babbage), dies at age 81.
# Sirop Arslanian

Sirop Arslanian actually Serop Arslanian (born 27 November 1966) is a former Lebanese racing cyclist who competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in the individual road race.
# Al-Hasahisa

Al-Hasahisa (Arabic: الحصاحيصا) is a town in Gezira State, Sudan, located near Wad Madani.

## History

Amid the Sudanese civil war, on 1 February 2025, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) claimed to have retaken the town from the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

## Sports

* Al Neel SC (Al-Hasahisa)
# Pavel Pěnička

Pavel Pěnička (born 5 February 1967) is a retired Czech football defender. He made over 200 appearances in the Gambrinus liga, featuring for clubs including SK České Budějovice and FK Jablonec. He is the brother of footballer Martin Pěnička.
# Stargazing (Alpha album)

Stargazing is a studio album by Alpha. It was released on Don't Touch in 2003. It includes vocal contributions from Wendy Stubbs, Helen White, Martin Barnard, and Kelvin Swaybe.
In 2004, a special edition CD was released on Nettwerk Records with a different track listing.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Tim DiGravina of AllMusic said: "While some of the group's contemporaries were releasing somewhat blundering, meandering albums, Alpha hit the ball out of the park with Stargazing and redefined intelligent and passionate electronic soul music." John Bergstrom of PopMatters called it "peaceful, intense and ultimately inspiring."

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the original edition's liner notes.
* Corin Dingley – production, mixing
* Andy Jenks – production, mixing, artwork
* Wendy Stubbs – vocals (2, 9, 12)
* Martin Barnard – vocals (3, 7, 14)
* Helen White – vocals (4, 8, 13), photography
* Kelvin Swaybe – vocals (5, 10)
* Pete Wild – piano (5, 12)
* Joe Allen – bass guitar (5, 12)
* Bob Locke – bass guitar (9)
* John Dent – mastering

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 80 |
# Keshavananda Brahmachari

Sri Sri Yogiraj Swami Keshavananda Brahmachari (1830-1942) was a Kriya Yogi and master of the Tantras from West Bengal . He was an important disciple of Sri Shyamacharan Lahiri who is popularly known as Lahiri Mahasaya and was well known for his austere Yogic practices through which he had attained the highest degree of enlightenment within his lifetime. He spent a significant part of his lifetime in the Himalayas while being engaged in Yogic practices.

## Birth and early years

Swami Keshavanandji (Panchkodi Banerjee) was born in a village called Shivanipur in Howrah district, of West Bengal in a devout Bengali Brahmin family as the son of Lakshmi Kanta Banerjee. From his childhood he had religious piety and at an early age he left the family and headed towards Varanasi.

## Meeting his Guru at Varanasi

At Varanasi he met his Guru (preceptor) Swami Ramananda Tirtha of Kamrup Math Kali temple, near Dashashwamedh Ghat who was waiting to initiate him into the Brahmachari order of Hindu renunciates. He stayed with him for a number of years.
During this time, Sri Lahiri Mahasaya, the doyen of Kriya Yoga, also lived close by in Bengali Tola. He spotted Swami Keshavanandji and initiated him into the Yoga as one of his principle disciples. He then directed him to spend some time in the Himalayas where he was to meet other masters.

## Meeting with Yogananda

Paramahansa Yogananda met Keshavanandaji at his Vrindavan Ashram and got to know many esoteric details of his lifelong sadhana and his sojourn in the Himalayas. Keshavanandaji also narrated his experience of meeting Mahavatar Babaji to Yogananda. This incident was recorded in Yogananda's famous autobiography entitled "Autobiography of a Yogi".
# 2016 Colombia army helicopter crash

A Mil Mi-17 of the National Army of Colombia was reported missing after taking off from the city of Quibdó on 26 June 2016. The wreckage of the helicopter was found the following day in mountainous terrain in the department of Caldas, 180 km north-west of the capital city Bogotá. It was the third helicopter crash in Colombia in 2016, and with seventeen killed was the worst accident in eleven years for the Colombian military.

## Accident

On 26 June, the Colombian air force took part in an offensive against the National Liberation Army (ELN) guerilla group in the department of Chocó, in the west of the country. Following the operation, the helicopter with registration number EJC-3393, took off at 2 p.m. local time from Quibdó, the capital city of the Chocó department, bound for the Tolemaida Air Base in the department of Tolima Its final report was made from a position 35 miles north of the town of Mariquita before disappearing.
Local people in the municipality of Pensilvania in the department of Caldas reported seeing the helicopter and hearing an explosion. The search team consisted of the 22 Infantry Battalion along with members of the civil defense corps, the police, the fire brigade, the Red Cross, and volunteer members of the public from Pensilvania. The wreckage was located on 27 June on a mountain side at an altitude of between 2300 and 2400 metres above sea level. Contrary to the locals' reports of an explosion, the army confirmed that no explosion appeared to have taken place, and that the helicopter appeared to have crashed directly into the mountain and broken apart on impact. All 17 people on board died in the accident.

## Investigation

Preliminary investigations into the cause of the accident pinpointed bad weather as the most likely cause. The head of the Colombian army, General Alberto José Mejía Ferrero, said that the helicopter had hit the mountain almost head-on and blamed poor visibility. However, he indicated that a full investigation would be carried out in order to determine the exact causes of the accident.
The accident occurred less than a year after a similar incident that killed 16 military personnel, which may have been shot down. Earlier in 2016 two other helicopters had crashed in Colombia, one killing 4 and one killing 3. Another recent crash also injured 4 people.
# 1867 in animation

Events in 1867 in animation.

## Events

* April 23: The inventor William Ensign Lincoln is granted a U.S. patent for his zoetrope, as an assignor to the board game manufacturing company Milton Bradley and Co.. This animation device was also patented in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on June 7, 1867 (application March 6, 1867) under no. 629, by Henry Watson Hallett (as a communication to him by Milton Bradley), and in the Second French Empire by Charles William May (filed May 14, 1867).
* Specific date unknown:
** In his 1867 account about the origin of the optical toy thaumatrope, the French artist Antoine Claudet stated that he had heard that John Ayrton Paris had once been present when John Herschel demonstrated his rotating coin trick to his children. Paris reportedly got the idea for the thaumatrope from Herschel's trick. Claudet also noted in 1867 that the thaumatrope could create a three-dimensional illusion. A spinning rectangular thaumatrope with the alternating letters of the name "Victoria" on each side, showed the full word with the letters at two different distances from the observer's eye. If the two strings of the thaumatrope are attached to the same side of the card, the thickness of the card accounts for a small difference in the distances when each side is visible.
** W. R. Hill (1823–1901) was Henry Langdon Childe's apprentice in the slide painting art for magic lanterns. In 1867, Hill moved on to work for John Henry Pepper.

## Births
### June

* June 8: O'Galop, French animator and cartoonist, (created about 40 animated films between 1910 and 1927), (d. 1946).

### September

* September 10: Alexander Shiryaev, Russian animation director, ballet dancer, ballet master and choreographer, (grom 1906 to 1909, Shiryaev produced a number of pioneering stop motion and traditionally animated films. He recreated various ballets by staging them through using hand-made dolls which he created from either clay or papier-mâché; they were 20–25 cm (7.9–9.8 in) tall, and their body parts were connected by thin wire which provided plasticity. He then filmed them on camera, frame by frame. In the process he also made thousands of sketches, catching every movement, also turning them into a filming reel so that one could watch the entire dance in the form of a cartoon. (d. 1941).
# Little Massabesic Brook-Sucker Brook

Little Massabesic Brook and Sucker Brook form a 1.9-mile-long (3.1 km) stream located in southern New Hampshire in the United States. They are tributaries of Massabesic Lake, part of the Merrimack River and Gulf of Maine watersheds. Despite the streams' short length, they are subject to the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act, because of their fourth-order stream status (indicating a high number of upstream tributary sets).
Little Massabesic Brook begins at the outlet of Little Massabesic Lake in Auburn, New Hampshire, and flows west to Clark Pond Brook. At this juncture, the stream changes name to Sucker Brook and flows south, past the village proper of Auburn, and enters Massabesic Lake.
# 1936 Holy Cross Crusaders football team

The 1936 Holy Cross Crusaders football team represented the College of the Holy Cross during the 1936 college football season. The Crusaders were led by fourth-year head coach Eddie Anderson and played their home games at Fitton Field on campus in Worcester, Massachusetts. The team competed as a football independent. Holy Cross started the year on a five game winning streak, which helped land them a spot in the first ever AP Poll, released on October 19, 1936, being ranked 17th in that poll. Losses to Temple and rival Boston College and a tie to Saint Anselm knocked the Crusaders out of the polls by the end of the year. The team finished with an overall record of 7–2–1.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 26 | Bates | | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | W 45–0 | |
| October 3 | Providence | | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | W 21–6 | 10,000 |
| October 10 | at Dartmouth | | Memorial FieldHanover, NH | W 7–0 | |
| October 17 | Manhattan | | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | W 13–7 | 10,000 |
| October 24 | Carnegie Tech | No. 17 | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | W 7–0 | |
| October 31 | at Temple | No. 13 | Temple StadiumPhiladelphia, PA | L 0–3 | |
| November 7 | Colgate | | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | W 20–13 | |
| November 14 | at Brown | No. 17 | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 32–0 | |
| November 21 | Saint Anselm | No. 17 | Fitton FieldWorcester, MA | T 0–0 | |
| November 28 | at Boston College | | Fenway ParkBoston, MA (rivalry) | L 12–13 | 28,000 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||

## Rankings

Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking — = Not ranked т = Tied with team above or below :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Final |
| AP | 17 | 13T | — | 17 | 17 | — | — |
# Cathedral Basilica of St. Mary, Oradea

The Cathedral Basilica of St. Mary (Romanian: Catedrala romano-catolică Adormirea Maicii Domnului; Hungarian: nagyváradi Nagyboldogasszony székesegyház) also called the Catholic Cathedral of the Assumption, is the cathedral church of the Latin Diocese of Oradea Mare. It is located at 2 Șirul Canonicilor Street, Oradea, Romania.
The basilica was built between 1752 and 1780, and was designed by Italian architect Giovanni Battista Ricca (1691-1757). After the death of the first architect, construction was completed by the Viennese Franz Anton Hillebrandt and the church was adorned with baroque decorations of Austria.
# Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Maturín

The Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (or Cathedral of Maturín; Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora del Carmen de Maturín) is a Catholic church located in Maturín, Monagas State, Venezuela. It is one of the largest and best decorated churches in the country, and its domes are the second highest in Latin America, preceded by the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico.
Its construction began on July 16, 1959, on the day of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, and it was inaugurated 22 years later, on May 23, 1981.
Maturín City Council donated the land where the cathedral was built. The construction supervisor was the then Ministry of Public Works. The project was executed by contractor Francisco Baceta and architect Ernesto Prall, who dealt with the design and preparation of the construction drawings and structure. The execution of the remaining 90% of the work was carried out by Juan Serrano with his construction company.
Due to the lack of budget, the cathedral was completed in 1981. The Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Urban Development contributed resources. Likewise did the presidents Rómulo Betancourt, Raúl Leoni, Rafael Caldera, Carlos Andrés Pérez and Luis Herrera Campins. The first bishop of the Diocese of Maturín, José Ramirez Antonio Salaverría, fought for resources and to continue construction. The cost of the cathedral was at that time 3 million bolivars.
# Jacob Montgomery

Jacob Montgomery was a sharecropper and state legislator in North Carolina. He lived in Warrenton, North Carolina. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1883 and was then elected to the North Carolina Senate. He was African American.
# Gaura Assembly constituency

Gaura is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Gaura in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gaura is one of five assembly constituencies in the Gonda Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 301 amongst 403 constituencies and the first election was held in this constituency was in 2012 after dissolving the Saddulahnagar Assembly Constituency.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party |
| Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist ||||
| 2012 | Kunwar Anand Singh | SP |
| 2017 | Prabhat Kumar Verma | BJP |
| 2022 | Prabhat Kumar Verma | BJP |
# Peder Larsen Pedersen

Peder Larsen Pedersen (30 November 1880 – 20 January 1966) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Stubberup, and died in Kerteminde. He was part of the Danish team, which won the silver medal in the gymnastics men's team, Swedish system event.
# Pflach

Pflach is a municipality in the district of Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is 3 km north of the centre of Reutte town, and 2.5 km south of the German border.

## Geography

The municipality of Pflach is located in the Reutte Basin and covers an area of around fourteen square kilometers. From the Lech River, at an altitude of 840 meters above sea level, the forested terrain rises westward to 1,500 meters and eastward to over 2,048 meters at the Säuling. More than seventy percent of the area is forested, and thirteen percent is used for agriculture.
Pflach is a Reihendorf about 2 km north of Reutte. This commuter municipality has undergone both expansion and densification of its residential areas.
# Minong (town), Wisconsin

Minong (/ˈmaɪnɒŋ/ MY-nong) is a town in Washburn County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 858 at the 2000 census. The Village of Minong is located within the town.

## Transportation

U.S. Highway 53 and Wisconsin Highway 77 are two of the main routes in the community.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 71.0 square miles (183.9 km$^2$), of which, 64.2 square miles (166.4 km$^2$) of it is land and 6.8 square miles (17.5 km$^2$) of it (9.52%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 858 people, 390 households, and 267 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.4 people per square mile (5.2/km$^2$). There were 1,221 housing units at an average density of 19.0 per square mile (7.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 98.48% White, 0.12% Black or African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. 0.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 390 households, out of which 18.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.2% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.60.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.6% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 20.3% from 25 to 44, 35.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,667, and the median income for a family was $41,094. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $23,203 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,679. About 5.3% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

Minong is the location of Jack Link's Snack Food Company, maker of beef jerky.
# Dichomeris porphyrogramma

Dichomeris porphyrogramma is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914.

## Distribution

It is found in Guyana, Peru, and Pará, Brazil.

## Description

The wingspan is 11–13 mm (0.43–0.51 in). The forewings are pale ochreous, suffused with bright deep ferruginous or ferruginous brown. All veins and the costa are marked with purple-blue or violet-grey streaks. The hindwings are dark grey, lighter anteriorly.
# Cathedral Basilica of Colima

The Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Spanish: Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe) Also Colima Cathedral is the name that receives the most important Catholic church of the city of Colima, in Mexico that was designated 12 of October 1998 by Pope John Paul II, like Basilica Minor, since it is the first consecrated to the Virgin of Guadalupe in Latin America. Located in one of the corners of the Libertad Garden, in the center of the city of Colima.
Raised in the same place that the Spaniards assigned for the parish and the royal houses of the city. Its origin goes back to the year 1525 during the colonial era. Built of adobe, ornaments of gold, brick and stone endured this inclement weather and trembling being the oldest cathedral in Mexico and North America, It was completed in 1540.
# Our Lady of Solitude Cathedral, Acapulco

The Our Lady of Solitude Cathedral (also Acapulco Cathedral; Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad de Acapulco) is the main Catholic church of the city of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, located in the center of the city in front of the Álvarez Square. It has been the episcopal seat of the Archdiocese of Acapulco since 1958.
It combines architectural styles that were amalgamated during and after construction; details of Neocolonial architecture and Moorish and Byzantine style are present, the latter in the dome and the towers. The interior of the church is decorated with gold tiles and mosaics.
The space occupied by the building has been used for public worship since the founding of the parish in 1555. In 1940, the architect Federico Mariscal [es] was commissioned to design and reconstruct the parish, a process that was completed in the 1950s.
# Chris Furrh

Chris Furrh is an American former child actor, known for starring as Jack Merridew in the 1990 film adaptation of Lord of the Flies. After this role, he played Nick Bankston in the 1990 telefilm A Family for Joe and Tommy, a castaway teenager in The Wonderful World of Disney film Exile. Then Furrh retired from acting.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1990 | Lord of the Flies | Jack Merridew | Young Artist Award Nominated for Outstanding Young Ensemble Cast in a Motion Picture for Lord of the Flies |
| 1990 | Exile | Tommy | |
| 1990 | A Family for Joe | Nick Bankston | |