# Kurds in Finland

Kurds in Finland (Finnish: Suomen kurdit; Kurdish: Kurdên Fînlendayê) refers to Kurds living in Finland. In 2022 there were 16,603 Kurdish speakers in Finland.

## History

Kurds started first arriving to Finland in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1995 there were 1,166 Turkish citizens in Finland, out of which around 300-550 were Kurds. A significant portion of the Turkish pizzerias and kebab-restaurants in Finland are established by Kurds, some Kurds work at the airports in Finland. While others come to Finland for studying, or work in IT companies.
Some of the Finnish Kurds originate from Turkey and Iran, but most of them have come from Kurdistan region of Iraq, where they started arriving from in the 1990s as UNHCR quota refugees. Kurds make up the majority of Iraqi immigrants to Finland. After ISIL gained ground against the Peshmerga in Iraqi Kurdistan the Finnish Kurds organized protests against ISIL. According to the chairman of Finnish-Kurdish friendship association several dozens of Finnish Kurds had left to Syria and Iraq in order to fight against ISIL.

## Culture

Finnish Kurds speak several different dialects of Kurdish, the largest of which are Sorani and Kurmanji Kurdish. Kurmanji has more speakers worldwide, but Sorani is the most spoken Kurdish dialect in Finland. It is likely that there are more ethnic Kurds than there are those who speak it as a first language. For example, some of the Kurds who originate from Turkey speak Turkish rather than Kurdish. There are several different Kurdish organizations in Finland, many of which have direct or indirect connections to political parties in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Most Finnish Kurds are Muslims, some are atheists or non-practicing Muslims.
Different Kurdish organizations in Finland host their own Nowruz (Kurdish new year) celebrations.

## Organizations

There are several Kurdish organizations in Finland, including Kurdiliitto and Suomalais-Kurdilainen ystävyysseura.

## Political activism

In October 2019, thousands of Finnish Kurds staged a protest in Helsinki over Turkey's military operation in Syria. On 26 August 2022, Kurds living in Finland held a demonstration in Helsinki to protest the NATO agreement with Finland, Sweden and Turkey and the trilateral memorandum meeting of Finland, Sweden and Turkey. As in May 2022 Finland made an accession bid to join NATO, Turkey demanded that Finland end its support to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and People's Defense Units (YPG).

## Demographics

| Year | Persons | ±% p.a. |
| 1990 | 179 | — |
| 1991 | 294 | +64.25% |
| 1992 | 570 | +93.88% |
| 1993 | 868 | +52.28% |
| 1994 | 1,147 | +32.14% |
| 1995 | 1,381 | +20.40% |
| 1996 | 1,670 | +20.93% |
| 1997 | 2,099 | +25.69% |
| 1998 | 2,419 | +15.25% |
| 1999 | 2,860 | +18.23% |
| 2000 | 3,115 | +8.92% |
| Year | Persons | ±% p.a. |
| 2001 | 3,477 | +11.62% |
| 2002 | 3,926 | +12.91% |
| 2003 | 4,340 | +10.55% |
| 2004 | 4,757 | +9.61% |
| 2005 | 5,123 | +7.69% |
| 2006 | 5,469 | +6.75% |
| 2007 | 5,893 | +7.75% |
| 2008 | 6,455 | +9.54% |
| 2009 | 7,135 | +10.53% |
| 2010 | 8,032 | +12.57% |
| 2011 | 8,623 | +7.36% |
| Year | Persons | ±% p.a. |
| 2012 | 9,280 | +7.62% |
| 2013 | 10,075 | +8.57% |
| 2014 | 10,731 | +6.51% |
| 2015 | 11,271 | +5.03% |
| 2016 | 12,226 | +8.47% |
| 2017 | 13,327 | +9.01% |
| 2018 | 14,054 | +5.46% |
| 2019 | 14,803 | +5.33% |
| 2020 | 15,368 | +3.82% |
| 2021 | 15,850 | +3.14% |
| 2022 | 16,603 | +4.75% |
Source: :

### Distribution

| Regions of Finland | Population (2008) | % of Kurdish-speaking population | Population (2018) | % of Kurdish-speaking population |
| Uusimaa | 3,106 | 48.1% | 7,501 | 53.4% |
| Southwest Finland | 1,312 | 20.3% | 2,545 | 18.1% |
| Pirkanmaa | 454 | 7% | 798 | 5.7% |
| Päijät-Häme | 394 | 6.1% | 748 | 5.3% |
| Central Finland | 258 | 4% | 424 | 3% |
| North Ostrobothnia | 120 | 1.9% | 378 | 2.7% |
| Ostrobothnia | 226 | 3.5% | 311 | 2.2% |
| Kymenlaakso | 122 | 1.9% | 256 | 1.8% |
| Lapland | 86 | 1.3% | 185 | 1.3% |
| Kanta-Häme | 56 | 0.9% | 130 | 0.9% |
| North Karelia | 10 | 0.2% | 127 | 0.9% |
| South Karelia | 62 | 1% | 127 | 0.9% |
| Satakunta | 24 | 0.4% | 114 | 0.8% |
| Northern Savonia | 21 | 0.3% | 96 | 0.7% |
| Kainuu | 74 | 1.1% | 76 | 0.5% |
| South Ostrobothnia | 23 | 0.4% | 73 | 0.5% |
| Southern Savonia | 16 | 0.2% | 65 | 0.5% |
| Åland | 70 | 1.1% | 52 | 0.4% |
| Central Ostrobothnia | 21 | 0.3% | 48 | 0.3% |
| Finland | 6,455 | 6,455 | 14,054 | 14,054 |