OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Institut de France

The Institut de France (French for 'Institute of France'; French:) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017. Most of these prizes are awarded by the institute on the recommendation of the académies.

## History

The building was originally constructed as the Collège des Quatre-Nations by Cardinal Mazarin, as a school for students from new provinces attached to France under Louis XIV. The inscription over the façade reads "JUL. MAZARIN S.R.E. CARD BASILICAM ET GYMNAS F.C.A M.D.C.LXI", attesting that Mazarin ordered its construction in 1661.
The Institut de France was established on 25 October 1795, by the National Convention.
On 1 January 2018, Xavier Darcos took office as the Institut de France's chancellor. Elected in 2017 to succeed Gabriel de Broglie, he was reelected in 2020. The chancellor acts as the institute's secretary general, whilst the organisation itself is placed under the protection of the president of the republic.
* Esplanade in front of the institute, 1898
* A plaque on the northern wall of the Institut de France shows the ancient location of the Tour de Nesle

## Académies

* Académie Française (French Academy, concerning the French language) – initiated in 1635, suppressed in 1793, and restored in 1803 as a division of the institute.
* Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (Academy of Humanities) – initiated 1663.
* Académie des sciences (Academy of Sciences) – initiated 1666.
* Académie des Beaux-Arts (Academy of Fine Arts) – created 1816 as the merger of:
** The Académie de peinture et de sculpture (Academy of Painting and Sculpture, initiated 1648);
** The Académie de musique (Academy of Music, initiated 1669) and;
** The Académie d'architecture (Academy of Architecture, initiated 1671).
* Académie des sciences morales et politiques (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences) – initiated 1795, suppressed 1803, reestablished 1832.

## Influence

The Royal Society of Canada, initiated in 1882, was modeled after the Institut de France and the Royal Society of London.
The Lebanese Academy of Sciences, known officially by its French name "Académie des Sciences du Liban" (ASL), is broadly fashioned after the French Academy of Sciences, with which it continues to develop joint programmes.
# Great Brook (New Jersey)

Great Brook is a tributary of the Passaic River in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Great Brook passes through the borough of Bernardsville.
# Greenwood River (Brule River tributary)

The Greenwood River is a tributary of the Brule River of Minnesota in the United States. It rises at the outlet of Greenwood Lake and flows south 7.1 miles (11.4 km) to the Brule River.
It was formerly called Diarrhea River, because it was supposed drinking its water caused diarrhea.
There are both brook trout and smallmouth bass present in the Greenwood River.
# Guinn Run

Guinn Run is a Pennsylvania stream flowing southeastward in the Gettysburg National Military Park from Cemetery Hill past the Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center to Rock Creek. The stream was bridged by the 1809 Gettysburg and Petersburg Turnpike Company and in the commemorative era by the United States War Department when Hunt and Slocum Avenues were built. A dam was built on Guinn Run to form a pond for Fantasyland, Pennsylvania, through the 1960s and 1970s.
# Halfmoon River

The Halfmoon River is a 4.6-mile-long (7.4 km) tidal river in the U.S. state of Georgia. It flows through saltmarshes connected to Wilmington Island in Chatham County, ending at Wassaw Sound, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.
# David O'List

David O'List (born 13 December 1948) is an English rock guitarist, vocalist and trumpeter. He has played with The Attack, The Nice, Roxy Music (before being replaced by Phil Manzanera), and Jet (replaced by Ian Macleod). He also briefly deputised in Jethro Tull and Pink Floyd.

## Career

O'List (using the name David John) started The Attack in 1966. Managed by Don Arden, they released four singles: "Try It"/"We Don't Know" (Decca F 12550), "Hi Ho Silver Lining"/"Anymore Than I Do" (Decca F 12578), "Created By Clive"/"Colour Of My Mind" (Decca F 12631) and "Neville Thumbcatch"/"Lady Orange Peel" (Decca F 12725).

### The Nice

O'List was picked by Andrew Loog Oldham as guitarist for The Nice with organist and pianist Keith Emerson, bassist and singer Lee Jackson and drummer Ian Hague (later replaced by Brian Davison), then a backing band for P. P. Arnold, and left The Attack in February 1967. By May the band was gigging in its own right and appeared at the National Jazz and Blues Festival that summer; their first album, however, did not appear until early 1968. Their only hit single, a re-worked version of Leonard Bernstein's "America", reached number 21 in the UK in July of that year. O'List's style in The Nice was described by Bruce Eder of Allmusic as "Hendrix-ish guitar ... in sharp relief." However, with two strong instrumentalists competing, O'List left The Nice in autumn 1968 during the recordings for their second album.
While with The Nice, O'List briefly substituted for Syd Barrett in Pink Floyd in 1967. "That was incredible," he recalled fifty years later. "It felt like a dream because it was on Floyd's package tour with Jimi Hendrix. I knew Floyd's music really well – so, when they asked me to play with them, it was quite easy." Asked if the Floyd considered him as a permanent replacement for Barrett, he said: "Apparently they gave it some thought. They certainly came to see me play live a few times, but I was only nineteen and still quite green in the business. I should have pushed myself more."

### After the Nice

O'List also played briefly in Jethro Tull after the departure of Mick Abrahams.
In early 1970 O'List provided guitar and bass for The Misunderstood and then Roxy Music between October 1971 and February 1972. He played in the band's first BBC session in January 1972, before leaving the group.
O'List reunited with Roxy Music vocalist Bryan Ferry in 1974 as one of the guitarists on Ferry's second solo album, Another Time, Another Place. Ferry's hit cover of "The 'In' Crowd" featured an O'List guitar solo. After Roxy Music, O'List joined Jet in 1974. They released one album in 1975 and toured as support to Hunter-Ronson. An O'List song was released as their first single My River. He was the first member to be ejected from the band as they morphed into Radio Stars.

### Solo career

O'List released a solo album in 1997, entitled Flight of the Eagle. His second solo release Second Thoughts was released in 2015 and reissued in 2021.
# La Nación (Costa Rica)

La Nación is a Costa Rican newspaper. It is published in San José, Costa Rica. The newspaper is a general purpose newspaper, and circulates daily all year long, except on three Costa Rican holidays, Good Friday and the following Saturday, and the day after the New Year's Day.

## History

La Nación was founded on October 12, 1946, by Sergio Carballo Romero as director, Ricardo Castro Beeche as manager, and Jorge Salas heading the administration. The first reporters were Adrián Vega Aguiar, Salvador Lara, Eduardo Chavarría, Federico González Campos, Claudio Ortiz Oreamuno and Joaquín Vargas Gené. The newspaper was born during the confusion and political unrest caused by lingering electoral fraud, corruption scandals, government repression and street violence against the opposition, with the participation of the Costa Rican communist movement, that at the time was an ally to the Picado administration. Less than two year later after the foundation of La Nación, these events led into the 1948 Costa Rican Civil War.

## La Nación today

As of 2008 the newspaper is owned by Grupo Nación, which also owns several newspapers, such as Al Dia, El Financiero, and La Teja, and also the magazines Perfil, Sabores, SoHo, and Su Casa. Grupo Nación also owns other related companies, such as Servigráficos, Impresión Comercial, and PAYCA. The group also owns several radio stations of the Grupo Latinoamericano de Radiodifusión, in alliance with the Spaniard Grupo Prisa, operating three radio stations: La Nueva 90.7, Los 40 Principales, and Bésame. Overseas the Grupo Nación owns three important newspapers. The Panamanian weekly El Capital, and Siglo XXI and Al Día in Guatemala.
# Zdrojki, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Zdrojki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sompolno, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# Lobelanidine

Lobelanidine is a chemical analog of lobeline.
# DISCiPLE

The DISCiPLE is a floppy disk interface for the ZX Spectrum home computer. Designed by Miles Gordon Technology, it was marketed by Rockfort Products and launched in 1986.
Like Sinclair's own ZX Interface 1, the DISCiPLE was a wedge-shaped unit fitting underneath the Spectrum. It was designed as a super-interface, providing all the facilities a Spectrum owner could need. In addition to floppy-disk, parallel port printer interface and a "magic button" (see Non-maskable interrupt), it also offered twin joystick ports, Sinclair ZX Net-compatible network ports and an inhibit button for disabling the device.
At the rear of the unit was a pass-through port for connecting further devices, although the complexity of the DISCiPLE meant that many would not work, or only if the DISCiPLE was "turned off" using the inhibit button.
The DISCiPLE was a considerable success but its sophistication (the device included 8kB of ROM) meant that it was expensive and the plastic casing, located beneath the computer itself, was sometimes prone to overheating. These factors led to the development of MGT's later +D interface.
The DISCiPLE's DOS was named GDOS. MGT's later DOSs (G+DOS for the +D, and SAM DOS for the SAM Coupé) were backwards-compatible with GDOS. In later years a complete new system called UNI-DOS was developed by SD Software for the DISCiPLE and +D interfaces. In October 1993 "The Complete DISCiPLE Disassembly" was published in book form, documenting the "GDOS system 3d" version.
The popularity of the DISCiPLE led to the formation of a user group and magazine, INDUG, which later became Format Publications. Usergroups like INDUG/Format in the UK or DISCiPLE-Nieuwsbrief in the Netherlands produced enhancements such as extended printer support.
# Forbidden London

Forbidden London (or Forbidden London Clubs) was a public relations company based at 91 Jermyn Street in the London district of St James's between 2008 and 2012 during which time it was owned by James Wilson and David West. The company promoted the nightlife sector, particularly by utilising the Internet to attract guests to events at leading nightclubs in Soho and Mayfair. Rivals at the time of the inception of Forbidden London included London Parties, operated by Nick House – future partner in Mahiki; and Met Parties.
The company was notable for staging the first performance of Vivienne Westwood's Active Resistance to Propaganda manifesto at the Bloomsbury Ballroom on Friday 4 December 2009. The performance starred Vivienne Westwood and Michelle Ryan. As the company was based above the nightclub and Russian restaurant at 91 Jermyn Street, both owned by David West, the company was named in online conspiracy theories related to the poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko. This escalated following the unlawful killing of David West although the two incidents were found to be unconnected.
In 2010 Forbidden London organised Raef Bjayou's 007 party for UK TV show Party Wars at Amika nightclub in High Street Kensington. Raef came second in the show.
In 2011 Forbidden London was nominated for Best Entertainment by Spear's for their Design for Living Awards 2011.
In August 2011 Forbidden London announced 1000 job opportunities for young people in London.
On 23 October 2017, the 60th anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, it was announced on the Forbidden London Facebook page that the brand would relaunch.
# 1625 in science

The year 1625 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Chemistry

* First description of hydrogen by Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas".
* Johann Rudolf Glauber discovers sodium sulfate (sal mirabilis or "Glauber's salt", used as a laxative) in Austrian spring water.

## Births

* June 8 – Giovanni Cassini, Italian astronomer (died 1712)
* March 25 – John Collins, English mathematician (died 1683)
* August 13 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish scientist (died 1698)
* December 16 – Erhard Weigel, German mathematician and scientific populariser (died 1699)
* December 20 – David Gregory, Scottish physician and inventor (died 1720)
* Samuel Morland, English inventor (died 1695)

## Deaths

* March 7 – Johann Bayer, German uranographer (born 1572)
* April 7 – Adriaan van den Spiegel, Flemish-born anatomist and botanist (born 1578)
* May 6 – George Bruce of Carnock, Scottish coal mining engineer (born c.1550)
* Ferrante Imperato, Neapolitan natural historian (born 1550)
* Willem Schouten, Dutch navigator, died at sea (born c. 1567)
# Coleto Creek

Coleto Creek is a 25-mile (40 km) stream in Texas. It runs through the small town of Yorktown, Texas. It feeds the Coleto Creek Reservoir. Its mouth is at the Guadalupe River.
Coleto is a name derived Spanish meaning either "jacket" or "a man's body".
# 1634 in science

The year 1634 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* Johannes Kepler's fictional account of the view from the Moon Somnium (written 1608) is published posthumously by his son.

## Botany

* Thomas Johnson begins publishing Mercurius Botanicus, including a list of indigenous British plants.

## Mathematics

* Gilles de Roberval shows that the area under a cycloid is three times the area of its generating circle.

## Medicine

* Louise Bourgeois Boursier publishes her Collection of Secrets on obstetrics in Paris, including techniques such as podalic version.

## Zoology

* Publication of Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum in London, compiled posthumously from the work of Edward Wotton, Conrad Gesner and Thomas Penny by Thomas Muffet and prepared for publication by Théodore de Mayerne.

## Institutions

* The Académie Française is formed by Cardinal Richelieu (it will be formally established in 1635).

## Deaths

* February 15 – Wilhelm Fabry, German-born surgeon (born 1560)
* June 26 – Nikolaus Ager, French botanist (born 1568)
* Marin le Bourgeoys, French inventor and artist (born c. 1550) (approximate date)
* Martin Llewellyn, British cartographer (born 1565?)
# Lápiz Conciente

Avelino Junior Figueroa Rodríguez (born January 24, 1983), known musically as Lápiz Conciente (Lit. "Conscious Pencil"), is a Dominican rapper. He is described as one of the pioneers of Hip hop in the Dominican Republic. In 2013 he was nominated at Premios Juventud, in the category (Favorite Urban Artist), in 2016 he was awarded at the Latin Music Italian Awards, and in 2017 he was nominated in the Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Song, "Papa" in collaboration with Vico C.

## Career

In 2008, Figueroa published through YouTube, including the songs "Las Menores", and in 2009 the mixtape "Ráfaga de Plomo". In 2011 he participated in the single "CAPEA EL DOUGH" in collaboration with Toxic Crow, it was considered representative of Hip hop in the Dominican Republic, later he released the debut singles "Yo Soy Papa", and "Yo No Te Quiero Perder" audiovisual obtained more of 39 million views on YouTube. In 2014 he received a Gold Record for the debut song "Si No Te Quisiera" in collaboration with Juan Magán and Belinda, and obtained 300 million views on YouTube.
In 2016 he released the album "Latidos", it includes collaborations with Vico C, Natti Natasha, Belinda, J Álvarez, Black Jonas Point, Musicologo The Libro. In 2016 he signed with Sony Music Latin where the second studio album «Cicatrices» was released under the Sony Music Latin record label debuted in record sales in the Dominican Republic and the United States on digital platforms, includes collaborations with Magic Juan, Nacho, Leslie Grace, Xaxo, El B, Negro HP.
In 2020, Figueroa held a rap battle against the Dominican rapper Mozart la Para, where he premiered the singles "El Descanso Eterno", Tú No Tá", "9 Días". In 2022 he participated in the song "Culpable" by the studio album Formula, Vol. 3, by Romeo Santos.

## Early life

Figueroa was born on January 24, 1983, at the Maternity (Hospital Materno Infantil San Lorenzo de Los Mina), Santo Domingo Province. He grew up in a dysfunctional family, where he was raised by his grandmother Paulina Rodríguez de Jesús (Palín), who was a domestic worker and nurse. Figueroa is older than his siblings, and at the age of 21 his mother died. In 1993, Figueroa was inspired by American rapper, Vico C, where he was introduced to hip hop music at the age of 10. He was named Lápiz Conciente after his grandmother's pronunciation, where Figueroa corrected his grandmother's spelling mistakes. Figueroa had 2 children with his romantic partner of more than ten years, Niurka. He studied accounting and is a devout believer in God.

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Year | Category | Result |
| Premios Juventud - Latin Music Italian Awards - Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Song | 2013 2016 2017 | Favorite Urban Artist - Best Latin Urban Song of The Year and My -Favorite Lyrics Best Urban Song | Nominated- Won - Nominated |
# Humboldt Military District

During the American Civil War, Army reorganization created the Department of the Pacific on January 15, 1861. On December 12, 1861, the District of Humboldt was created, consisting of the counties of Sonoma, Napa, Mendocino, Trinity, Humboldt, Klamath, and Del Norte in Northern California. The district was headquartered at Fort Humboldt, located on a bluff above the central portion of Humboldt Bay south of Eureka, California, which is now a California State Historic Park located within the City of Eureka. The District's efforts were directed at prosecuting the ongoing Bald Hills War against the Indians in the northern, coastal area of the large district. A peace was achieved in August 1864.
On July 27, 1865, the Military Division of the Pacific was created, consisting of the Department of California and Department of the Columbia. Humboldt District was absorbed by the Department of California.

## Commanders

* Colonel Francis J. Lippitt, January 9, 1862 - July 13, 1863.
* Lieutenant Colonel Stephen G. Whipple, July 13, 1863 - February, 1864
* Colonel Henry M. Black February 8, 1864 - June 1864
* Lieutenant Colonel Stephen G. Whipple, June 1864 - July 27, 1865.

## Posts of the Humboldt Military District

| Name | Date | Notes & Citations |
| Fort Humboldt | 1853–1867 | |
| Fort Bragg | 1857-1864 | |
| Fort Ter-Waw | 1857-1862 | |
| Camp on Janes Farm | 1858-1862 | later Camp Curtis |
| Camp Curtis | 1862-1865 | formerly Camp on Janes Farm |
| Camp at Pardee's Ranch | 1858-1865 | |
| Fort Gaston | 1859–1892 | |
| Fort Seward | 1861–1862 | |
| Fort Wright | 1862–1875 | |
| Camp Anderson | 1862, 1864 | |
| Fort Baker | 1862-1863 | Located 23 miles (37 km) east of Hydesville on the Van Duzen River at the confluence with the Eel River. Replaced by Fort Iaqua. |
| Camp Liscom Hill | 1862 | |
| Daley's Ferry Post | 1862 | |
| Elk Camp | 1862 | |
| Camp Lincoln | 1862–1869 | |
| Camp Lippett | 1862 | |
| Fort Lyon | 1862 | |
| Camp Redwood | 1862 | |
| Reed's Ranch Post | 1862, 1864 | |
| Camp Olney | 1862 | |
| Camp Grant | 1863–1865 | |
| Fort Iaqua | 1863–1866 | |
| Gold Bluffs Post | 1863-1864 | near Orick. |
| Trinidad Camp | 1863 | |
| Camp Gilmore | 1863-1864 | Located four miles north of Trinidad to protect the mail route. |
| Camp at the Forks of the Salmon | 1864 | |
| Camp at Martin's Ferry | 1864 | |
| Camp Boynton Prairie | 1864 | |
| Camp Burnt Ranch | 1864 | |
| Camp Mattole | 1864 | |
# Amalakwang

Amalakwang or Malakwang is a vegetable found in Northern Uganda. It is a type of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) that has multiple preparations. One recipe boils it, combines it with groundnut paste, and serves it with sweet potatoes, posho and rice. The vegetable is also dried and preserved for a longer period of time. It is also used for medicinal purposes.
It is also found in the Ugandan regions of West Nile, Eastern Uganda and Karamoja.
# Congdon River

The Congdon River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island, in the Big River State Management Area and immediately south. It flows approximately 3 km (2 mi). There are three dams along the river's length: at Rathbon Pond, Money Swamp Pond, and at Millbrook Pond. The river's crossing at Congdon Mill Road is the former site of a grist mill (in 1778) and later a sawmill (in 1806), and is named after Joseph Congdon, the mill's owner.

## Course

The river is formed in Exeter from the confluence of two unnamed streams (one leading from Millbrook Pond and one leading from Money Swamp Pond). From there, it flows to Rathbon Pond, then into West Greenwich where it converges with the Nooseneck River to form the Big River.

## Crossings

Congdon Mill Road in West Greenwich is the only crossing over the Congdon River due to its short length.

## Tributaries

The Congdon River has no named tributaries, though it has many unnamed streams which also feed it.