# Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

The leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha (IAST: Lok Sabhā ke Vipakṣa ke Netā) is an elected Member of Lok Sabha who leads the official opposition in the Lower House of the Parliament of India. The leader of the opposition is the parliamentary chairperson of the largest political party in the Lok Sabha that is not in government (provided that said political party has at least 10% of the seats in the Lok Sabha). Rahul Gandhi is currently serving as leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha.
The office holder ranks 7th in the Order of Precedence of India.

## History

In the Lok Sabha until 1969, there was a de facto opposition leader with no formal recognition, status or privilege. Later, the leader of the opposition was given official recognition, and their salary and allowances were extended by the Act of 1977. Since then, the leader in the Lok Sabha should satisfy three conditions, namely,
* They should be a member of the House
* of the party in opposition to the Government having the greatest numerical strength and
* be recognized by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
In December 1969, the Congress Party (O) was recognized as the main opposition party in the parliament while its leader, Ram Subhag Singh played the role of the opposition leader.

## Roles and responsibilities

* Status equivalent to Cabinet minister rank
* Member of selection committees
** Central bureau of investigation
** Chief Election commissioner
** Election commissioners
** Enforcement director
** National Human Rights Commissioner
** Lokpal Chief
** Audit and Expenditure committee of Government expenditure

## Privileges and salary

The leader of opposition is a statutory post and officially recognized in “The salary and allowance of Leader of opposition act, 1977”.

## List of leaders of the opposition in Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha did not officially recognize a leader of the opposition until 1969. The position was vacant between 1970 and 1977, between 1980 and 1989 and between 2014 and 2024. Rahul Gandhi of the Congress party has been appointed leader of the opposition in India's parliament, filling a post that had been empty for a decade.
| No. | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Tenure | Tenure | Tenure | Lok Sabha | Prime Minister | Party | Party |
| 1 | | Ram Subhag Singh | Buxar | 17 December 1969 | 27 December 1970 | 1 year, 10 days | 4th | Indira Gandhi | Indian National Congress (O) | |
| – | – | Vacant | – | 28 December 1970 | 30 June 1977 | 6 years, 185 days | 5th | Indira Gandhi | No official opposition | No official opposition |
| 2 | | Yashwantrao Chavan | Satara | 1 July 1977 | 11 April 1978 | 284 days | 6th | Morarji Desai | Indian National Congress | |
| 3 | | C. M. Stephen | Idukki | 12 April 1978 | 9 July 1979 | 1 year, 88 days | 6th | Morarji Desai | Indian National Congress | |
| (2) | | Yashwantrao Chavan | Satara | 10 July 1979 | 28 July 1979 | 18 days | 6th | Morarji Desai | Indian National Congress | |
| 4 | | Jagjivan Ram | Sasaram | 29 July 1979 | 22 August 1979 | 24 days | 6th | Charan Singh | Janata Party | |
| – | – | Vacant | – | 23 August 1979 | 31 December 1984 | 10 years, 117 days | 7th | Indira Gandhi | No official opposition | No official opposition |
| – | – | Vacant | – | 1 January 1985 | 17 December 1989 | 10 years, 117 days | 8th | Rajiv Gandhi | No official opposition | No official opposition |
| 5 | | Rajiv Gandhi | Amethi | 18 December 1989 | 23 December 1990 | 1 year, 5 days | 9th | VP Singh | Indian National Congress | |
| 6 | | L. K. Advani | New Delhi | 24 December 1990 | 13 March 1991 | 2 years, 214 days | 9th | Chandra Shekhar | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| 6 | | L. K. Advani | Gandhinagar | 14 March 1991 | 20 July 1993 | 2 years, 214 days | 10th | P. V. Narasimha Rao | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| 7 | | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Lucknow | 21 July 1993 | 15 May 1996 | 2 years, 289 days | 10th | P. V. Narasimha Rao | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| 8 | | P. V. Narasimha Rao | Berhampur | 16 May 1996 | 31 May 1996 | 15 days | 11th | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Indian National Congress | |
| (7) | | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Lucknow | 1 June 1996 | 4 December 1997 | 1 year, 186 days | 11th | Deve Gowda IK Gujral | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| 9 | | Sharad Pawar | Baramati | 5 December 1997 | 30 October 1999 | 1 year, 38 days | 12th | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Indian National Congress | |
| 10 | | Sonia Gandhi | Amethi | 31 October 1999 | 6 February 2004 | 4 years, 98 days | 13th | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | Indian National Congress | |
| (6) | | L. K. Advani | Gandhinagar | 21 May 2004 | 20 December 2009 | 5 years, 213 days | 14th | Manmohan Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| 11 | | Sushma Swaraj | Vidisha | 21 December 2009 | 19 May 2014 | 4 years, 149 days | 15th | Manmohan Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | |
| – | – | Vacant | – | 20 May 2014 | 29 May 2019 | 10 years, 19 days | 16th | Narendra Modi | No official opposition | No official opposition |
| – | – | Vacant | – | 30 May 2019 | 8 June 2024 | 10 years, 19 days | 17th | Narendra Modi | No official opposition | No official opposition |
| 12 | | Rahul Gandhi | Raebareli | 9 June 2024 | Incumbent | 238 days | 18th | Narendra Modi | Indian National Congress | |

## Statistics
### List of leaders of the opposition by length of term

| No. | Name | Party | Party | Length of term | Length of term |
| No. | Name | Party | Party | Longest continuous term | Total years of opposition-ship |
| 1 | Lal Krishna Advani | BJP | | 5 years, 213 days | 8 years, 174 days |
| 2 | Sushma Swaraj | BJP | | 4 years, 148 days | 4 years, 148 days |
| 3 | Sonia Gandhi | INC | | 4 years, 116 days | 4 years, 116 days |
| 4 | Atal Bihari Vajpayee | BJP | | 2 years, 289 days | 3 years, 110 days |
| 5 | C. M. Stephen | INC | | 1 year, 89 days | 1 year, 89 days |
| 6 | Sharad Chandra Pawar | INC | | 1 year, 38 days | 1 year, 38 days |
| 7 | Yashwantrao Chavan | INC | | 1 year, 20 days | 1 year, 38 days |
| 8 | Ram Subhag Singh | INC(O) | | 1 year, 10 days | 1 year, 10 days |
| 9 | Rajiv Gandhi | INC | | 1 year, 6 days | 1 year, 6 days |
| 10 | Rahul Gandhi | INC | | 238 days | 238 days |
| 11 | Jagjivan Ram | JP | | 25 days | 25 days |
| 12 | P. V. Narasimha Rao | INC | | 16 days | 15 days |
| – | Vacant | – | – | 14 years 320 days | 44 years 180 days |
Fraction of time of holding LoP by party (as of August 2024)

## Deputy leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha

The deputy leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha (IAST: Lok Sabhā ke Vipakṣa ke Upar Netā) is an elected Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha who serves the deputy to opposition leader in the Lower House of the Parliament of India.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected constituency | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Lok Sabha (Election) | Political party | Political party | Leader of the Opposition | Leader of the Opposition |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected constituency | Assumed office | Left office | Time in office | Lok Sabha (Election) | Political party | Political party | Leader of the Opposition | Leader of the Opposition |
| 1 | | Sushma Swaraj | Vidisha | 3 June 2009 | 21 December 2009 | 201 days | 15th (2009) | Bharatiya Janata Party | | Lal Krishna Advani | |
| 2 | | Gopinath Munde | Beed | 22 December 2009 | 18 May 2014 | 4 years, 147 days | 15th (2009) | Bharatiya Janata Party | | Sushma Swaraj | |
| 3 | | Gaurav Gogoi | Jorhat | 14 July 2024 | Incumbent | 203 days | 18th (2024) | Indian National Congress | | Rahul Gandhi | |