OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pyrazole

Pyrazole is an organic compound with the formula (CH)$_3$N$_2$H. It is a heterocycle characterized as an azole with a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazole itself has few applications but many substituted pyrazoles are of commercial interest.

## Properties

Pyrazole is a weak base, with pK$_b$ 11.5 (pK$_a$ of the conjugate acid 2.49 at 25 °C). According to X-ray crystallography, the compound is planar. The two C-N distances are similar, both near 1.33 Å

## Substituted pyrazoles

Pyrazoles are also a class of compounds that have the ring C$_3$N$_2$ with adjacent nitrogen atoms. Notable drugs containing a pyrazole ring are celecoxib (celebrex) and the anabolic steroid stanozolol.

## Preparation and reactions

Pyrazoles are synthesized by the reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with hydrazine and subsequent dehydrogenation:
Substituted pyrazoles are prepared by condensation of 1,3-diketones with hydrazine (Knorr-type reactions). For example, acetylacetone and hydrazine gives 3,5-dimethylpyrazole:
    CH$_3$C(O)CH$_2$C(O)CH$_3$ + N$_2$H$_4$ → (CH$_3$)$_2$C$_3$HN$_2$H + 2 H$_2$O
A wide variety of pyrazoles can be made so:

### History

The term pyrazole was given to this class of compounds by German Chemist Ludwig Knorr in 1883. In a classical method developed by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1898, pyrazole was synthesized from acetylene and diazomethane.

### Conversion to scorpionates

Pyrazoles react with potassium borohydride to form a class of ligands known as scorpionate. Pyrazole itself reacts with potassium borohydride at high temperatures (~200 °C) to form a tridentate ligand known as Tp ligand:

### 3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole

3,5-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole is produced when (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one is reacted with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of elemental sulfur or sodium persulfate, or by using a hydrazone in which case an azine is produced as a by-product.

## Occurrence and uses

In 1959, the first natural pyrazole, 1-pyrazolyl-alanine, was isolated from seeds of watermelons.
In medicine, derivatives of pyrazole are widely used, including celecoxib and similar COX-2 inhibitors, zaleplon, betazole, and CDPPB. The pyrazole ring is found within a variety of pesticides as fungicides, insecticides and herbicides, including fenpyroximate, fipronil, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad. Pyrazole moieties are listed among the highly used ring systems for small molecule drugs by the US FDA
3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid is used in the manufacture of six commercial fungicides which are inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase.
Pyrazole is an inhibitor of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme, and, as such, is used as an adjuvant with ethanol, to induce alcohol dependency in experimental laboratory mice.
# Brooke Roberts (entrepreneur)

Brooke Roberts is a New Zealand entrepreneur and businesswoman. She is a co-founder of the micro-investing platform Sharesies. Roberts was the joint winner of the 2020 New Zealand Women of Influence Award in the Business Enterprise section.

## Early life and education

Roberts grew up in Manurewa (Auckland), Mount Maunganui and the United States and attended high school at Woodford House in Hawke's Bay. She completed a bachelor of commerce and administration at Victoria University and a master's in finance at Massey University.

## Career

She started her career in Wellington, working in finance, product and marketing roles at AJ Park, Kiwibank and Xero.
In 2017, Roberts and six others co-founded Sharesies as an investment platform for New Zealanders.

## Recognition

In 2020, Roberts received a Distinguished Young Alumni Award from Massey University.
# Budíškovice

Budíškovice (German: Budischkowitz) is a municipality and village in Jindřichův Hradec District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

Budíškovice consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Budíškovice (408)
* Manešovice (36)
* Ostojkovice (150)
* Vesce (86)
Ostojkovice forms an exclave of the municipal territory.
# Kobyz

The kobyz or qobyz, also known as the kylkobyz, is an ancient Turkic bowed string instrument, spread among Kazakhs, Karakalpaks,$^{:114}$ Bashkirs, and Tatars. The Kyrgyz variant is called the kyl-kyiak [ky]).$^{:63}$
The kobyz has two strings made of horsehair. The resonating cavity is usually covered with goat leather.
Traditionally kobyzes were sacred instruments, owned by shamans and baksıs (traditional spiritual medics). According to legends, the kobyz and its music could banish evil spirits, sickness and death.

## In Kazakh music

In the 1930s, when the first folk instrument orchestras were established in the Soviet republic of Kazakhstan, a new kind of kobyz came into existence. It now had four metallic strings and thus became closer to a violin. Such a modernized kobyz can be used to play both Kazakh music and the most complicated works of violin literature. One of the few western musicians to use the kobyz is Trefor Goronwy.
While many Kazakh kobyz players and scholars theorize that bards accompanied themselves on the kobyz during recitation of epics,$^{:357}$ today a mainstay of the Kazakh kobyz repertoire is küi, which are short programmatic pieces composed as instrumental narration or expression of emotion, often employing the purposeful imitation of sounds such as bird calls or horse hooves.$^{:362}$

## In Karakalpak music

The kobyz is still played today by jyrau (one of the two types of Karakalpak bard), as accompaniment during recitation of epics and dastan.$^{:114}$ The kobyz punctuates spoken narrative, plays the melodic line in unison with the voice during the sung parts, supports sustained notes in the voice by repeatedly bowing the same note, and plays the melody when the jyrau is not singing.$^{:114–115}$
The jyrau sings with a guttural, raspy timbre, in a style common to many nomadic groups of Central Asia, Mongolia, and Southern Siberia. Although this timbre was in the past associated with shamanic practice, living memory of this has died out, and modern jyrau instead interpret the timbre as a vocal imitation of the kobyz itself.$^{:114}$

## In Tatar music

The art of kobyz flourished before the fall of the Kazan khanate in 1552 among Tatars and some other ethnic groups of Volga region. However, this art was preserved until the end of the 18th century among the Tatar dervishes. Today the instrument is used in various Tatar ethnic ensembles like Bermenchek etc. and it is studied in depth by a candidate of art history at the Kazan Conservatory Gennady Makarov [tt].

## In Kyrgyz music

The kyl kyyak (Kyrgyz: кыл кыяк) (sometimes spelt kyl kiak and sometimes without the 'kyl') is a stringed musical instrument used in Kyrgyz music. The instrument is carved from a single piece of wood (typically apricot) and typically measures 60–70 cm. It has 2 strings, one to provide melody and the other resonance. The kyl kyyak is played vertically with a bow and can be played on horseback. The strings and bow are normally made from horse hair and many instruments feature a carved horse's head. This all reflects the importance of the horse in Kyrgyz rural culture.
# Surésh Dhargalkar

Surésh Dhargalkar LVO RIBA FRPSL (c. 1934 – 9 April 2020) was a British architect. He spent all his career at the service of the British monarchy: first to maintain the royal castles, then to help manage the Royal Philatelic Collection after 1996. He has 1 grandson called Leo Hans Dhargalkar.

## Biography

Dhargalkar was the superintending architect to the Royal Household from the 1970s to the 1990s. In 1975, he fitted up as an adapted "stamp room" the space inside Buckingham Palace that was devoted to the collection since Keeper John Wilson in the late 1930s. In 1992, he worked on the first repair after the fire in Windsor Castle.
In April 1996, he was the first person hired to assist the Keeper of the Royal Philatelic Collection. Not a philatelist himself, he helped Keeper Charles Goodwyn and his adjoint Michael Sefi for simple tasks, such as keeping an eye on visitors consulting the collection and helping the Keeper throughout the Royal court and British government administrative lobbies.
But he was consulted on conservation problems too. He revealed himself as a philatelic exhibition organizer. In 2002, he travelled to the British Virgin Islands with the 1867 "Missing Virgin" error stamp of this British territory. The same year, he created for Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee an exhibition which travelled in the United Kingdom.
In January 2003, when Sefi became Keeper of the Royal Collection, Surésh Dhargalkar was promoted to adjoint of the Keeper. He ended his public service career at the Royal Library, in Windsor.
Member of the Egypt Exploration Society, he helped on The Amarna Project directed by Barry Kemp.
He died on 9 April 2020 at the age of 85.

## Honours and awards

* Lieutenant in the Royal Victorian Order in 1992.
* Fellow of the Royal Philatelic Society London in 2002.

## References and sources
### References

* ↑ Orthograph with an accent in Courtney, Nicholas (2004). The Queen's Stamps.
* ↑ Jennings, Peter (14 February 2003). "New keeper of the Queen's stamp collection", The Times. Retrieved on 23 December 2007.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Courtney, Nicholas (2004). The Queen's Stamps, page 308.
* ↑ Tasks describes by Michael Sefi in an interview to The Chronicle in October 2004 Archived 14 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Published January 2005. Web page updates 28 May 2005, retrieved 23 December 2007.
* ↑ "The Missing Virgin returns Home in triumph" Archived 15 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The Island Sun, 2002, retrieved 23 December 2007.
* ↑ Courtney, Nicholas (2004). The Queen's Stamps, pages 309-310.
* 1 2 Courtney, Nicholas (2004). The Queen's Stamps, page 309.
* 1 2 3 Margaret Vousden, "Obituary", Gibbons Stamp Monthly, July 2020, p.12.

### Sources

* Courtney, Nicholas (2004). The Queen's Stamps. The Authorised History of the Royal Philatelic Collection, éd. Methuen, 2004, ISBN 0-413-77228-4.
# Glen Brook (Keuka Lake)

Glen Brook is a river located in Steuben County, New York. It flows into Keuka Lake by Hammondsport, New York.
# Jonas Romanovas

Jonas Romanovas (born 4 August 1957) is a Lithuanian cyclist. He competed in the men's individual road race at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Bill Whitehouse

William James Whitehouse (1 April 1909 in Plumstead – 14 July 1957 at Reims) was a British racing driver from England.
Bill started racing in a Cooper 500 in 1949 in 500 cc Car Club National races (later Formula 3). Several wins and top placings followed and through this he became friends with fellow car dealer Bernie Ecclestone. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 17 July 1954. He retired from the race with fuel system problems, and scored no World Championship points. He also competed in several non-Championship Formula One races. Bill was the owner of Westmount Garage in Blendon, Bexley, Kent. This Garage was later the base for the Gemini Formula Junior Team. He was killed in a Formula Two crash at the Reims Circuit driving a works car, loaned after his privately entered Cooper T39 had engine failure. Later in that race the American Herbert MacKay-Fraser was also killed.

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | WDC | Points |
| 1954 | Bill Whitehouse | Connaught Type A | Lea-Francis Straight-4 | ARG | 500 | BEL | FRA | GBR Ret | GER | SUI | ITA | ESP | NC | 0 |
# Pofadder, South Africa

Pofadder (Afrikaans for "puff adder") is a small town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. In spite of its small size, it is an important local centre in the region known in South Africa as Bushmanland. The surrounding districts are arid, sparsely populated, rugged and picturesque. There is little in the way of cropping and local farmers run sheep or goats for a living. As a tourist destination, it is not sufficiently spectacular to rival the spring flowers of the coastal regions of Namaqualand, but it has its attractions for biologists and conservationists and those with an interest in its remarkable diversity of often-tiny xerophytes and animal life. In recent years, the town economy has been boosted by the construction and operation of solar power stations.
Some claim that Pofadder was named after Klaas Pofadder, a local Koranna (Koi-Koi) tribal leader. Others maintain that this is an exercise in latter-day political correctness and that no record exists to prove that the village was not named after the venomous snake that is common enough in the district.
The settlement is situated on the N14 national road from Upington to Springbok and lies 50 km from the Onseepkans border post on the Namibian border, along the R358. Pofadder is near to the Ritchie Falls, the second highest waterfall on the Orange River, after the Augrabies Falls. Ritchie Falls are in a pristine wilderness area, only accessible after a two-day hike or by rafting down from Onseepkans. Guided hikes and rafting trips are available.
Like Kalamazoo and Timbuktu, the name "Pofadder" is used to represent somewhere very remote, far away and out of the mainstream of the world. This usage is most common in South Africa, while Timbuktu is used in most of the Commonwealth for this purpose and Kalamazoo in the United States. Putsonderwater is used in a similar way.
# Krzywosądów

Krzywosądów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołuchów, within Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Gołuchów, 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Pleszew, and 91 km (57 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
# Çarşaf

A çarşaf (Ottoman Turkish: چارشاف), also written charshaf, is a simple, loose over-garment, essentially a robe-like dress, similar to the abaya, niqab and chador.
The çarşaf is usually black. As with the Iranian chador, the çarşaf usually covers the lower part of the face, and the cloth is held together by a pin placed below the nose. Sometimes, the part of the cloth that covers the lower face is pinned laterally. In contrast to the chador, the çarşaf usually consists of two parts; a top that hangs to about the waist and a bottom that is cut like a wide, floor-length skirt.
The çarşaf, rather than being a form of traditional Islamic clothing, first became common towards the end of the 19th century, during the reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1908), as a form of rejection of Western influences. From then, it continued to be used prevalently in remote parts of the former Ottoman Empire such as Yemen, where it is still widespread today.
According to research from 2012 (N/I, N/A 6%), less than 2% of women in Turkey wore it and in 5% in Iraq. According to another survey, only 0.1% of Turkish women wore the çarşaf in 2012.
However, it is used for prayer by women. Similar to the use of the mukena in Muslim Southeast Asia.
# Luca Jaquez

Luca Antony Jaquez (born 2 June 2003) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for German Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart.

## Career

Jaquez is a youth product of SC Obergeissenstein, before moving to the youth academy of Luzern in 2013. He signed his first professional contract with Luzern on 27 January 2022 until 2025. He made his professional debut with Luzern in a 3–0 Swiss Super League loss to Basel on 30 January 2022. On 24 November 2022, he extended his contract with Luzern until 2026.
On 3 February 2025, Jaquez moved to German club VfB Stuttgart on a four-and-a-half-year contract.

## International career

Jaquez was born in Switzerland to a Dominican father and Swiss mother. He is a youth international for Switzerland, having played for the Switzerland U20s in 2022.
# Novokuybyshevsk

Novokuybyshevsk (Russian: Новоку́йбышевск) is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern bank of the Volga River, 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) away from it. Population: 108,438 (2010 Census); 112,973 (2002 Census); 112,987 (1989 Soviet census).

## History

During the Russian Civil War, the area where the city now stands was a place of ferocious battles with the White Russians.
In 1946, shortly after World War II, the Soviets constructed an oil refinery in Novokuybyshevsk, which resulted in the establishment of a large village of approximately 14,000 people. The location soon turned out to be so advantageous that the government decided to develop the village into a major industrial center. In September 1951, the first working refineries started operating, on February 22, 1952, following the decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, Novo-Kuybyshev was granted town status and renamed Novokuybyshevsk. The name means "New Kuybyshev", Kuybyshev being the name of the nearby city of Samara from 1935 until 1991.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with seven rural localities, incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Novokuybyshevsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Novokuybyshevsk is incorporated as Novokuybyshevsk Urban Okrug.

## Economy

In the city the petrochemical, presented three refineries Rosneft company, as well as plants such as Petrochemicals, Samaraorgsintez, Novokuibyishevsk Refinery.

## Notable residents

* Violetta Khrapina Bida (born 1994), Olympic épée fencer
# Khalid Muhmood

Khalid Muhmood MBE (born September 1970) is an educationist and an entrepreneur. He is the co-founder of the British University Vietnam (BUV), Apollo English and British Education Partnership. In addition, he served as the Chairman of British Business Group Vietnam (BBGV) initially in Hanoi in 2003 and then nationwide from 2008 to 2010. He was also the Chairman of the Education Working Group at the Vietnam Business Forum (co-chaired by the International Finance Corporation, World Bank and Ministry of Planning and Investment).
In recognition to his contributions to Vietnam's education, Khalid has received awards from both the Vietnam Government and the UK government. He was the first non-diplomat foreigner to receive a Medal for Cause of Education from the Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam) in 2006, and in 2008, he was awarded the Member of British Empire (MBE) from Queen Elizabeth II for his dedication to the education development in Vietnam.

## Early life and family

Khalid Muhmood was born in England. He holds a bachelor's degree in Business and Law at Hertfordshire University and a Postgraduate Certificate in Education at the University of Exeter. His first job was teaching overseas at the Singapore International School where he taught Mathematics and English for two years before moving to Vietnam. His brother Zee M Kane, previously served as the Editor-in-Chief of The Next Web. His brother Tareq currently lives in Singapore and works as the Group Country Manager, Regional Southeast Asia at Visa.

## Awards

Khalid Muhmood's contributions to Vietnam's education have been recognised by both the Vietnam Government and the UK Government. He was the first foreigner in the private sector in Vietnam to receive the Medal for the Cause of Education, awarded by the Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam) in 2006. In the same year, he also received the Award for significant contribution to economic and social developments from Hanoi People's Committee.
In 2008, Khalid was awarded the Member of British Empire (MBE) by Queen Elizabeth II for his dedication to contributing to the education in Vietnam.
# Glen Erin Creek

Glen Erin Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
Glen Erin Creek derives its name from Erin, or Ireland, the native land of a first settler.
# Stony Brook (Millstone River tributary)

Stony Brook, also known as Stoney Brook, (Lenape: Wopowog) is a tributary of the Millstone River in Hunterdon and Mercer counties, New Jersey, in the United States.

## Course

Stony Brook starts at 40°24′22″N 74°51′26″W﻿ / ﻿40.40611°N 74.85722°W﻿ / 40.40611; -74.85722, just south of Ringoes. It flows south through the Amwell Lake Wildlife Management Area. It flows southeast, flowing parallel to Route 31 while it receives Peters Brook and Woodsville Brook. It receives a tributary from Sourland Mountain, and crosses Pennington-Hopewell Road. It flows through the Hopewell Valley Country Club and the Stony Brook–Millstone Watershed Association's nature reserve, and then receives the Stony Brook Branch. From there, it flows between Bristol-Myers Squibb and the Baldwin State Wildlife Management Area, receiving Baldwins Creek. It then flows through Kunkel Park and receives Lewis Brook. It then turns east, flowing through Old Mill Road County Park and Rosedale Park, where it receives Honey Branch. It then flows through a mountainous area with several large meanders, and turns south near Coventry Farm Park.
It flows through Princeton Open Space Acquisition and then crosses Route 206. It then flows parallel to Quaker Road (CR-533) until it reaches the Delaware and Raritan Canal, where it turns northeast. It then receives Duck Pond Run from under the canal, crosses Alexander Street, and drains into Lake Carnegie on the Millstone River at 40°20′3″N 74°39′9″W﻿ / ﻿40.33417°N 74.65250°W﻿ / 40.33417; -74.65250, in the southeastern portion of Princeton.

## Tributaries

* Baldwins Creek
* Duck Pond Run
* Honey Branch
* Lewis Brook
* Peters Brook
* Stony Brook Branch
* Woodsville Brook

## Sister tributaries

* Beden Brook
* Bear Brook
* Cranbury Brook
* Devils Brook
** Shallow Brook
* Harrys Brook
* Heathcote Brook
* Indian Run Brook
* Little Bear Brook
* Millstone Brook
* Peace Brook
* Rocky Brook
* Royce Brook
* Simonson Brook
* Six Mile Run
* Ten Mile Run
* Van Horn Brook
# Fono of Faipule

The Fono of Faipule was a legislature in Western Samoa during the colonial era. It consisted of representatives (faipule) from each district.

## History

The Fono was established in 1873 and was initially the lower house in a bicameral legislature; the Fono of Taʻimua was the upper house and consisted of the highest-ranking chiefs. The legislature was abolished by the German authorities in 1905, but the Fono was subsequently reformed as an advisory body that met twice a year at Mulinuʻu.
The Fono was legally recognised by the New Zealand authorities in 1923, and was used by the Administrator to consult on Samoan affairs. The faipule were nominated by chiefs in each district; if the chiefs could not agree, they were to submit two or three names to the Administrator, who would make the final decision.
Following a 'goodwill mission' to Samoa by representatives of the new Labour government of New Zealand in July 1936, the Samoans were promised the right to elect the Fono. The first elections subsequently took place in September, with representatives of the Mau movement winning 31 of the 39 seats. The newly elected Fono met on 30 September. The members of the previous Fono (which still had 18 months of its term remaining) were also in attendance. The first session ended with the decision that members of the old Fono would resign.
The new Fono requested that elections to the Fono should be formalised in legislation, abolishing the previous system of appointment. As a result, the Legislative Council passed the Faipule Election Ordinance in 1939, which provided for elections to a 41-seat Fono, although voting rights were only given to matai (family heads).
When the Legislative Assembly was established in 1947, the Fono was given the right to choose 11 of its 26 members, who sat alongside the Administrator, three fautau (leading chiefs), six civil servants and five elected Europeans. After one of the three fautau died in 1948, the Fono successfully petitioned to increase the number of members it could nominate to 12.
The Fono was abolished in 1957 by an amendment to the Samoa Act by the New Zealand government, which also increased Samoan representation in the Legislative Assembly and gave increased power to the Executive Council.