OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hélio Garcia

Hélio de Carvalho Garcia (March 16, 1931 – June 6, 2016) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He served as governor of Minas Gerais from 1984 to 1987 and again from 1991 until 1995.

## Biography

Garcia was born in Santo Antônio do Amparo, Minas Gerais, on March 16, 1931. He received his law degree from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) in Belo Horizonte. He began his political career as a state deputy in the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais from 1963 to 1967.

### Political career

In 1982, Garcia was elected vice governor of Minas Gerais as the running mate of Tancredo Neves during the country's first direct gubernatorial elections since military rule. Neves and Garcia took office as governor and vice governor of Minas Gerais, respectively, on March 15, 1983. Soon after taking office, Governor Neves appointed Garcia as the Mayor of Belo Horizonte. (At the time, the Mayor of Belo Horizonte, the state capital, was still an appointed position, and there was no direct election of mayor. Garcia served simultaneously as both the vice governor of Minas Gerais and the mayor of Belo Horizonte from April 1983 until August 14, 1984.
On August 14, 1984, Governor Tancredo Neves resigned from office to begin his campaign for President of Brazil. Vice Governor Garcia succeeded him as the new Governor of Minas Gerais. Garcia, a member of the PMDB, served his first tenure as governor August 1984 until March 1987.
Garcia was elected governor of Minas Gerais in 1990, this time as a member of the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB). He served as governor from 1991 until January 1, 1995. He then largely retired from politics and returned to his home in Santo Antônio do Amparo. In 1998, Garcia ran for a seat in the Federal Senate, but lost that election.
Garcia had suffered from serious illnesses during his later life, including heart arrhythmia, coronary artery disease and Alzheimer's disease. He was admitted to Segundo o Hospital Unimed hospital in Belo Horizonte on May 28, 2016, for pneumonia and respiratory failure. He died from respiratory failure at the same hospital on June 6, 2016, at the age of 85. His funeral was held at the Parque da Colina Cemetery and Crematorium on June 14. The current governor of Minas Gerais, Fernando Pimentel, declared three days of mourning in the state following his death.
Brazil's interim President Michel Temer called Garcia was one of the pillar who helped Tancredo Neves with the re-democratization of Brazil, in a message posted to Twitter following his death.
# Kasım Pasha

Kasım Pasha or Kasim Pasha (Turkish: Kasım Paşa; fl. 1442–43) was an Ottoman general and governor, the beylerbey of Rumelia and one of the commanders of the Ottoman forces during the Crusade of Varna (1443–44).
When Rumelian beylerbey and vizier Hadım Şehabeddin was defeated by John Hunyadi in 1442, he was replaced by Kasım Pasha at both positions.

## Crusade of Varna

At the beginning of the Crusade of Varna John Hunyadi crossed the Danube and rushed south along the river Morava to attack forces of Kasım Pasha before he could mobilize his complete army. The cavalry forces of 12,000 commanded by Kasım Pasha were defeated near Aleksinac during the Battle of Niš in 1443. After an Ottoman defeat, the retreating forces of Kasım Pasha and Turahan Bey burned all villages between Niš and Sofia. Turakhan Bey and Kasım Pasha met each other again in Sofia from where Kasım sent the messenger to Edirne to alert Sultan.
Kasım Pasha commanded Ottoman forces that chased Christian army after the Battle of Zlatica held at the end of 1443. His army was defeated on 24 December 1444 on Melštica near Sofija and many Ottoman officers were captured by Christian army.
There was a big mutual animosity between Kasım and Turahan and some Ottoman sources blame Turahan for Kasım's defeat at Melštica claiming that Serbian Despot Branković bribed Turahan not to participate in the battle which ended with the defeat of his rival, Kasım.
When the Sultan banished Turahan Bey to a prison, Kasım allegedly complained to Çandarlı Halil Pasha that Turahan Bey's subordinated officers should be banished too. When his complaint was refused, Kasım resigned from the position of Rumelia beylerbey.
# Sątopy, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Sątopy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Tomyśl, within Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Nowy Tomyśl and 49 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Poznań.
# Austin Post (photographer)

Austin S. Post (16 March 1922 – 12 November 2012) was a photographer, glaciologist, and mountaineer known for his aerial photography of the mountains and glaciers of North America, particularly the North Cascades of Washington and Glacier Bay, Alaska.
Post worked for many years as a research scientist for the United States Geological Survey and was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Alaska-Fairbanks in 2004, despite not having graduated from high school. Many of his photographs were used in the Cascade Alpine Guide series by Fred Beckey. Post named Bradford Washburn as a photographic influence. He lived on Vashon Island, Washington.

## Selected publications

* Post, Austin; Don Richardson; Wendell V. Tangborn; F. L. Rosselot (1971). Geological Survey Professional Paper 705—A: Inventory of Glaciers in the North Cascades, Washington. United States Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/pp705A. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
* Brugman, Melinda M.; Austin Post (1981). USGS Circular 850-D: Effects of Volcanism on the Glaciers of Mount St. Helens. United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 22 February 2007. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
* Post, Austin; LaChapelle, Edward R. (2000) [1971]. Glacier Ice (2nd ed.). University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97910-0.

## Selected ascents

* First ascent of the Southeast Ridge of the White Princess, Eastern Alaska Range, 1950, Austin Post, Gottfried Ehrenburg, Don MacAskill, Lawrence E. Nielsen
# 2010 UCI BMX World Championships

The 2010 UCI BMX World Championships took place in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, and crowned world champions in the cycling discipline of BMX racing. For the first time, there were no titles awarded in the Cruiser class

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Men's events |||||||
| Elite men | Māris Štrombergs Latvia | 28.648 | Sifiso Nhlapo South Africa | 29.544 | Joris Daudet France | 29.774 |
| Junior men | Sylvain André France | | Kristers Lejiņš Latvia | | Twan van Gendt Netherlands | |
| Elite men cruiser | Renato Rezende Brazil | | Andrés Jiménez Colombia | | Carlos Oquendo Colombia | |
| Junior men cruiser | David Oquendo Colombia | | Benjamin Clarke Australia | | Daniel Franks New Zealand | |
| Women's events |||||||
| Elite women | Shanaze Reade Great Britain | 31.879 | Sarah Walker New Zealand | 32.991 | Alise Post United States | 33.894 |
| Junior women | Merle van Benthem Netherlands | | Brooke Crain United States | | Melinda McLeod Australia | |
| Elite women cruiser | Mariana Pajón Colombia | | Romana Labounková Czech Republic | | Vilma Rimšaitė Lithuania | |
| Junior women cruiser | Teagan O'Keeffe South Africa | | Enora Le Roux France | | Bianca Quinalha Brazil | |

## Medal table

* Host nation (South Africa)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Colombia (COL) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2 | France (FRA) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 3 | Latvia (LAT) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | South Africa (RSA)* | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Brazil (BRA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | Great Britain (GBR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | Australia (AUS) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | New Zealand (NZL) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | United States (USA) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 11 | Czech Republic (CZE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 12 | Lithuania (LTU) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (12 entries) | Totals (12 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |
# Jim Bishop (disambiguation)

Jim Bishop (1907–1987) was an American journalist and author. Other people with the name include:
* Jim Bishop (doctor), Chief Medical Officer of Australia (2009–2011)
* Jim Bishop (bishop) (1908–1994), Suffragan Bishop of Malmesbury (1962–1973)
* Jim Bishop (baseball) (1898–1973), Major League Baseball pitcher
* Jim Bishop (1944–2024), constructor of Bishop Castle in Colorado
# Stele of Quintus Aemilius Secundus

The Stele of Quintus Aemilius Secundus is a first-century Roman tombstone bearing a notable funerary inscription. It records how the dedicatee served in Roman Syria under Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, who was governor of Syria at the time, and there oversaw a census in the town of Apamea.

## Text

The inscription reads as follows:
   Quintus Aemilius Secundus son of Quintus, of the Palatine tribe, decorated with honours in the service of the deified Augustus under Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, legate of Caesar in Syria. He was prefect of cohors I Augusta and prefect of cohors II Classica. At the command of Quirinius, I carried out a census of the district of Apamea involving 117,000 citizens. Likewise when sent by Quirinius against the Itureans, I captured their fort on the Mount Lebanon. Before being involved in military service as a commander of a core of engineers, I was appointed by the two consuls as treasurer, and in the colony I was treasury secretary to the aedile twice, duumvir a second time and was as a priest. Quintus Aemilius Secundus son of Quintus of the Palatine tribe, his son and Aemilia Chia his freedwoman were placed there. This monument is excluded from the inheritance.

## Discovery

The stele was apparently brought from Beirut to Venice in the 17th century, possibly as part of a ship's ballast, and there was transcribed by the antiquary Ursatus Patavinus in 1674. Pavatinus' transcript was published posthumously in 1719. The stele was subsequently lost, and the transcript was suspected to be a forgery until the lower part of the original was rediscovered in 1880 on Giudecca, where it had served as a window sill in a private house. It is now on display in the National Archaeological Museum in Venice.

## Significance

The stele has been discussed in the context of the census in Judea mentioned in the Gospel of Luke, which was conducted under Quirinius's supervision.
The information that the population of the district around Apamea stood at 117,000 is of particular interest to historians, as data on the Syrian demographics of the period is otherwise scanty.
# Geremi González

Geremi Segundo González Acosta (January 8, 1975 – May 25, 2008) was a Venezuelan right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Chicago Cubs (1997–1998), Tampa Bay Devil Rays (2003–2004), Boston Red Sox (2005), New York Mets (2006) and Milwaukee Brewers (2006). In his rookie season he led the Cubs with 11 wins, but he was unable to continue that success in later seasons. He was known as Jeremi González until he was traded to the Brewers in 2006, at which time he informed the team of the proper spelling.

## Professional career

González was born in Maracaibo, Zulia State. The Cubs signed him as a non-draft amateur free agent in 1991, and he was a highly touted young arm in the Cubs system. He made his debut in 1997, posting a record of 11–9 and finishing ninth in voting for the National League's Rookie of the Year Award. He also pitched for the Cubs in 1998, then pitched in the minor leagues for nearly five years between three surgeries and a variety of injuries.
In 2003, he was rewarded by Tampa Bay with the Out of Nowhere Award. González ended up being the Rays' most consistent pitcher, despite his 6–11 record. He allowed three runs or fewer in 17 starts, but received the lowest run support of any AL East starter (3.91 runs per game). He finished with a 3.91 earned run average and 97 strikeouts in 156 innings. González was the pitcher on June 3, 2003, when Sammy Sosa was caught using a corked bat.
Early in the 2005 season, González started three games for the Boston Red Sox, going 1–1 with a 6.65 ERA. Boston optioned him to the Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox in late May 2005, then recalled him to the major league club in early July to try to fill a hole in the back end of their bullpen. He appeared in Game 1 of the AL Division Series, a 14–2 loss to the Chicago White Sox, and allowed four runs in 2⅓ innings, including a three-run home run by Scott Podsednik.
In 2006, González started three games for the Mets but performed poorly. During the season, he was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for pitcher Mike Adams. González started five games for the Toronto Blue Jays Triple-A affiliate, the Syracuse Chiefs, in 2007, before being released.
In a six-season majors career, González posted a 30–35 record with 354 strikeouts and a 4.93 ERA in 131 appearances, including 83 starts, four complete games, two shutouts, and 572 ⅔ innings pitched.
González is one of 583 pitchers to have faced Barry Bonds six or more times in his career and the only one of that group never to have allowed him to reach base.
On May 9, 2007, the Yomiuri Giants of Japan's Central League signed González. He became the fifth Venezuelan player to play in the JCL during the 2007 season, joining fellow countrymen Alex Cabrera, Darwin Cubillán, Luis González and Alex Ramírez.

## Death

González died after being struck by lightning in Maracaibo, Zulia on May 25, 2008.
# Saltlick Creek (Little Kanawha River tributary)

Saltlick Creek is a tributary of the Little Kanawha River, 17.7 miles (28.5 km) long, located in central West Virginia in the United States. Via the Little Kanawha and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 49 square miles (130 km$^2$) in a rural region on the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau.
Saltlick Creek flows for its entire length in Braxton County. It rises approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Flatwoods and flows generally northward, through the communities of Corley, Rollyson, and Gem to its mouth at the Little Kanawha River in Burnsville. Downstream of Rollyson, the creek is paralleled by West Virginia Route 5.
According to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, approximately 80% of the Saltlick Creek watershed is forested, mostly deciduous. Approximately 18% is used for pasture and agriculture.
According to the Geographic Names Information System, Saltlick Creek has historically been known by the variant names "Salt Lick," "Salt Lick Creek," "Salt Lick Fork," and "Saltlick Fork." The creek was named for a nearby mineral lick.
# Guillotine (band)

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Guillotine is a progressive metal band from Delhi. They play melodies ranging from blues, jazz to death metal. The band has released one album The Cynic in 2010. They indicate that their original tracks are basically a part of a three tier concept of a man's realisation of the hollowness of religious faith. The Cynic is a concept album about a man who is an atheist and frustrated by the fact that religion has taken over society.
Guillotine Won first prize at the coveted Rocktaves held at BITS, Pilani in the year 2009.
At the annual National Rock Contest held in Nagaland in the Hornbill Festival in 2010, Guillotine won the second prize. And Akshat Taneja winning the best keyboard player award.
After a nationwide competition, Guillotine were chosen to open for Metallica in Gurgaon. After the Gurgaon show was cancelled, they opened the Rock 'N India 2011 show along with Inner Sanctum and Scottish Band Biffy Clyro for Metallica on 30 October 2011.
They state Opeth, Porcupine Tree, Pain of Salvation, Guthrie Govan, Pink Floyd, Steve Vai, Greg Howe, Deep Purple are among their major influences.

## Members

Current members
* Karan Nambiar – vocals
* Takar Nabam – guitar, vocals
* Kabir Mahajan – drums
* Akshat Taneja – keyboards
* Rohit Bhattacharya – bass
Past members
* Manav Chauhan – keyboards
# Sędziszew

Sędziszew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyn, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
# McElhatton

McElhatton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Craig McElhatton, Irish rugby league player
* Dave McElhatton (1928–2010), American television anchor
* Heather McElhatton, American radio personality and writer
* Michael McElhatton (born 1963), Irish actor and writer
* Michael McElhatton (footballer) (born 1975), Irish footballer
# Laura Wharton

Laura Wharton (Hebrew: לורה ורטון; born December 21, 1962) is a member of the Jerusalem City Council and a lecturer of the Political science in the Hebrew University. She serves as the chairman of the Meretz faction in The Jerusalem Union electoral list, which has been led by Yosi Havilio. Until 2024, Wharton held the portfolio for promoting women's status and gender equality, the portfolio for service quality and the portfolio for promoting pensioners' welfare. She won the Prime Minister's Award for her doctorate about the social policy of the Mapai and the Israeli Labor Party parties.

## Biography

Wharton was born and raised in New Jersey, the United States. Her mother, Eleanor Walden, was an educator and an administrator in higher education, and her father, Ralph Wharton, practiced psychiatry and neurology at the School of Medicine at Columbia University, New York. She attended the Phillips Exeter Academy and completed a bachelor's degree in Political Science at the Harvard University. After graduating, she immigrated to Israel in 1984 and enlisted in the Israel Defense Forces, as a lone soldier. Wharton served as a corporal at the Nahal and lived in the kibbutz Kfar Blum. After her military service, she was accepted as a member in the kibbutz, and worked as a teacher of mathematics at the Emek Hahula High School. She completed her master's degree and the doctorate at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. During her master's degree, she worked at the Davis Institute for International Relations in the Hebrew university and in the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. She wrote her doctoral thesis in the department of Political Science at the Hebrew university, under the guidance of the professors Itzhak Galnoor and Shlomo Avineri. The doctorate dealt with the ideological changes in the social policy of the Mapai party and the Israeli Labor Party in the 1960s, until the 1977 Israeli legislative election. Afterwards Wharton became an external lecturer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

## Public life

Wharton was among the founders of The Public Housing Forum [he], which led the legislation of The Public Housing Law [he] in 1998 by the former MK Ran Cohen from Meretz.
# Jack Crompton

John Crompton (18 December 1921 – 4 July 2013) was an English professional footballer. Born in Hulme, Manchester, Lancashire, he was a goalkeeper for Manchester United between 1944 and 1956. He was part of the team that won the FA Cup in 1948 and the league title in 1952. During the Second World War, he played as a guest for Stockport County.
After his retirement from playing at the end of the 1955–56 season, Crompton was hired as a trainer by Luton Town, before returning to Manchester United in the wake of the Munich air disaster two years later. Luton rehired him as their manager in 1962 as a replacement for the departing Sam Bartram, but his tenure lasted just seven days and he returned to his position at Manchester United. In 1971, Crompton was named as manager of Barrow, replacing Don McEvoy, but he only lasted until the end of the season and in June 1972, he was hired by Bury as a coach. In 1973, Crompton joined Preston North End as part of fellow former Manchester United man Bobby Charlton's coaching staff. After a year with Preston, Crompton made his final return to Manchester United to take charge of the club's reserve team, a position he held for seven years before ultimately retiring from the game.
As one of the last surviving members of the 1948 FA Cup-winning team going into the 21st century, Crompton was often invited to events commemorating the club's history, including the opening of an exhibit in the club museum marking the 100th anniversary of Old Trafford. He was also president of Curzon Ashton, who in 2012 played in a friendly against a Manchester United reserve XI for the "Jack Crompton Trophy".
Crompton died on 4 July 2013, aged 91.

## Honours

Manchester United
* Football League First Division: 1951–52, 1955–56
* FA Cup: 1947–48
# Patricia Maldonado (swimmer)

Patricia Maldonado (born November 15, 1991) is a long-distance and open water swimmer from Venezuela. She has swum for Venezuela at the:
* 2008 Open Water Worlds (5K)
* 2008 South American Championships
* 2009 World Championships (5K and 10K)
# Battle of Woosung

The Battle of Wusong (Woosung) (Chinese: 吳淞戰役) was fought between British and Chinese forces at the entrance of the Wusong River (present-day Huangpu River), Jiangsu province, China, on 16 June 1842, during the First Opium War. The British capture of the towns of Woosung (now Wusong) and Baoshan opened the way to Shanghai, which was captured with little resistance on 19 June.

## Background

From Wusong, the British would only have to advance 19 km to capture Shanghai. By doing so, they hoped to cut off tax revenues to Peking and force the Chinese government to capitulate. However, the campaign had to be swift and successful before disease took its toll on British forces, which could also increase domestic opposition in Britain against the war.

## Battle

On 13 June, HMS Cornwallis and the British fleet anchored off Wusong. Bombardment of the port began on 16 June, with Cornwallis and the other warships closed inshore, while the transports, laden with troops, stood 4 miles offshore.
Counter fire from 3-mile lines of Chinese fortifications on the north bank of the river caused some casualties, but within two hours British gunfire suppressed the Chinese artillery. The warships' boats were then lowered and started to land the Royal Marines and selected detachments of seamen who eventually seized the fortifications, spiked the guns, and held their positions until the main land force could be brought up from the transports offshore.
Though a majority of the garrison had fled halfway through the battle, the Qing commander, Jiangnan Admiral [zh] Chen Huacheng, continued to fight on until he was eventually killed. Afterwards, Liu Guobiao, Chen's commandant and close associate, carried Chen's corpse on his back away from the fray and hid it in a clump of reedy grass to prevent it from being discovered by the British.

## Aftermath

By the evening, with Wusong under control, British troops began advancing up the towards Shanghai. Soldiers and landed sailors marched along the left banks of the Wusong River, while others moved in steamers towing small boats. The only opposition was from a shore battery, halfway up the river towards Shanghai, which was eventually silenced by Royal Navy gunfire.
By 18 June, after silencing another shore battery just downriver from Shanghai, the strong force reached the city and occupied it the next day.

## Gallery

* Map of the Woosung River, showing the Chinese batteries
* Sketch of naval battle
* Tomb of Admiral Chen, killed in the battle