OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert and Esther Armstrong House

The Robert and Esther Armstrong House, also known as Pleasant Hill, is a historic building located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States. This is the last of two documented houses that regionalist artist Grant Wood designed in its entirety in the city. There are 14 documented houses that he designed, at least in part, between 1925 and 1933. He took on the work to help support himself and his mother. Like his artwork, his house designs evolved from more classical styles to the more simpler lines of vernacular forms. In addition, he used local materials to construct the house, including the exterior limestone quarried at Stone City for this house. In addition, Esther Armstrong, local builder Bruce McKay and Wood scoured the countryside looking for design ideas. They settled on two Pennsylvania-style fieldstone structures, from which Wood designed this home. He also served as interior decorator as well. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# Pandamangalam

Pandamangalam, a panchayat town in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu is at a distance of about three kilometers from Velur, a Small town in Paramathi-Velur Taluk.
This small town is connected by roads from Velur and Jedarpalayam.

## Etymology

It is also said that the old name for this town is Pandavar Mangalam which has become Pandamangalam at some later time.

## Geography

Pandamangalam is located near the river Cauvery.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Pandamangalam had a population of 5949. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Pandamangalam has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 62%. In Pandamangalam, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Festival

Two ratha [for Lord Vishnu and Goddess Maariamman], which is pulled by devotees, around the town, during the festival time.
# Louis Maurer (footballer)

Louis Maurer (21 February 1904 – 1 May 1988) was a Swiss football player and manager. He played as a goalkeeper.
Maurer coached FC Blue Stars Zürich, Lausanne Sports, FC Fribourg, Marseille, R. Union Sportive Tournaisienne, FC Zürich, FC Lugano, AC Bellinzona and Switzerland. In his coaching career, he won two national championship titles and three Swiss Cups.
# Leny Meyer

Leny Remo Meyer (born 1 July 2004) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a left-back for German 3. Liga club VfB Stuttgart II

## Career

Meyer is a product of Luzern's youth academy, and began his senior career with their reserves in 2021. On 17 June 2022, he signed his first professional contract with the club until 2025. He made his professional debut with Luzern as a substitute in a 2–0 Swiss Super League win over Sion on 27 August 2022.
On 30 August 2024, Meyer signed with VfB Stuttgart II in German 3. Liga.

## International career

Meyer is a youth international for Switzerland. He was called up to the Switzerland U19s in 2022.

## Personal life

Meyer is the son of Swiss football director and former international footballer Rémo Meyer.
# Heterochroma

Heterochroma is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée in 1852.

## Species

* Heterochroma albipuncta E. D. Jones, 1908
* Heterochroma amphion (Druce, 1889)
* Heterochroma bellona (Felder, 1874)
* Heterochroma berylloides Hampson, 1908
* Heterochroma beryllus (Guenée, 1852)
* Heterochroma celestina Schaus, 1921
* Heterochroma chlorographa Hampson, 1908
* Heterochroma eriopioides Guenée, 1852
* Heterochroma exundata Schaus, 1911
* Heterochroma hadenoides Guenée, 1852
* Heterochroma hypatia (Druce, 1889)
* Heterochroma insignis (Walker, 1857)
* Heterochroma ligata Schaus, 1911
* Heterochroma lineata (Druce, 1898)
* Heterochroma luma (Druce, 1889)
* Heterochroma metallica (H. Edwards, 1884)
* Heterochroma quadrata (Dognin, 1910)
* Heterochroma rollia Schaus, 1921
* Heterochroma sarepta (Druce, 1889)
* Heterochroma singularis (Butler, 1879)
* Heterochroma thermeola Hampson, 1911
* Heterochroma thermida Hampson, 1908
* Heterochroma thermographa Hampson, 1910
* Heterochroma viridipicta Schaus, 1911
# Markus Scharrer

Markus Scharrer (born July 3, 1974) is an Austrian former professional footballer.
# Andreas Schiener

Andreas Schiener (born 30 November 1974) is a retired Austrian football midfielder.

## Honours

* Austrian Football Bundesliga winner: 2000–01, 2001–02
* Austrian Regionalliga Ost winner: 2009–10
# Mario Dorner

Mario Dorner (born 21 March 1970) is an Austrian professional footballer who played as a forward for Darlington in the Football League.
# Charlie Pierce

Charles Patrick Pierce (born December 28, 1953) is an American sportswriter, political blogger, liberal pundit, author, and game show panelist.

## Biography

Pierce was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He graduated from St. John's High School in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, and from Marquette University in Journalism ('75). He attended graduate school at Boston College for two days.
Pierce's first job was as a forest ranger for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He wrote for Worcester Magazine in the 1970s, where he covered the Blizzard of 1978. In the 1980s and '90, he was a staff reporter for the Boston Phoenix and, later, a sports columnist for the Boston Herald.
Pierce is currently the lead political blogger for Esquire, a position he has held since September 2011. He also wrote for ESPN's Grantland. He has also written for The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Chicago Tribune, the Boston Globe Sunday magazine, the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel, Sports Illustrated, The National Sports Daily, GQ, and the e-zine Slate as well as the Media Matters blog Altercation, hosted by historian/pundit Eric Alterman.
Pierce makes appearances on radio as a regular contributor to NPR programs Only A Game and Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me!. Recently Pierce has begun making weekly appearances on the Stephanie Miller Show. He represented the Globe on several occasions on ESPN's Around the Horn and often co-hosts with Bob Ryan on NESN's Globe 10.0.

## Publications

Pierce has written four books:
* Sports Guy (2000) ISBN 978-0-306-81005-3
* Hard to Forget: An Alzheimer's Story (2000) ISBN 978-0679452911
* Moving the Chains: Tom Brady and the Pursuit of Everything (2006) ISBN 978-0374214449
* Idiot America: How Stupidity Became a Virtue in the Land of the Free (2009) ISBN 978-0767926140

## Awards

Pierce was a 1996 National Magazine Award finalist for his piece on Alzheimer's disease, "In the Country of My Disease." He was awarded third place in the Pro Basketball Writers Association Dan S. Blumenthal Memorial Writing Contest.

## Controversy

In December 2024, in an article defending the pardon of Hunter Biden, Pierce incorrectly claimed that Neil Bush had been pardoned by his father, George H. W. Bush. The article was later corrected and then retracted.
# Tully Sparks

Thomas Frank "Tully" Sparks (December 12, 1874 – July 15, 1937), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1897 to 1910. Sparks played for the Philadelphia Phillies, Pittsburgh Pirates, Milwaukee Brewers, New York Giants, and Boston Americans. He was an alumnus of Beloit College.
In 1899, while with the Pirates, Sparks led the National League in relief innings pitched and ERA.
After retirement, Sparks worked a variety of careers, including cotton sales, real estate and ore salesman before making a career as an insurance executive. He settled in Anniston, Alabama in 1931 with a local insurance firm. On June 28, 1937, Sparks was diagnosed with heart disease, passing away on July 15 at the age of 62. His body was interred at Edgemont Cemetery in Anniston.
# Mbyá Guaraní language

Mbya Guarani is a Tupi–Guarani Indigenous language of the southern cone. It is 75% lexically similar to Paraguayan Guarani.
Mbya Guarani is one of a number of "Guarani dialects" now generally classified as distinct languages. Mbya is closely connected to Ava Guarani, also known as Ñandeva, and intermarriage between speakers of the two languages is common. Speakers of Mbya and Ñandeva generally live in mountainous areas of the Atlantic Forest, from eastern Paraguay through Misiones Province of Argentina, Uruguay to the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul.

## Phonology
### Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Mid | ɛ ɛ̃ | | o õ |
| Open | a ã | | |
* Vowel sounds /ɛ, o/ can also be heard as [e, ɔ] in free variation.
* /i, u/ when preceding vowels can be heard as non-syllabic [i̯, u̯]

### Consonants

| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Velar | Glottal |
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | plain | lab. | Glottal |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | kʷ | ʔ |
| Plosive | prenasal/vd. | m ~ ᵐb | n ~ ⁿd | ɲ ~ dʒ | ŋ ~ ᵑɡ | ŋʷ ~ ɡʷ | |
| Nasal | Nasal | m ~ ᵐb | n ~ ⁿd | ɲ ~ dʒ | ŋ ~ ᵑɡ | ŋʷ ~ ɡʷ | |
| Fricative | Fricative | β̞ ~ v | | | | | h |
| Approximant | Approximant | β̞ ~ v | | (i̯) | (u̯) | (u̯) | |
| Tap | Tap | | ɾ | | | | |
* /β̞/ can also be realized as [v] or [u̯] in free variation.
* Nasal sounds /m, n, ŋ/ can also be heard as prenasalized stops [ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑɡ] in free variation.
* /ɲ, ŋʷ/ can be heard as [i̯~dʒ, ɡʷ] before oral vowels, and as [ɲ, ŋʷ] before nasal vowels.
# Campos Sales Airport

Campos Sales Regional Airport (ICAO: SNCS), is an airport serving Campos Sales, Brazil.
It is managed by contract by Infraero.

## History

On August 23, 2023, the State of Ceará signed a contract of operation with Infraero.

## Airlines and destinations

No scheduled flights operate at this airport.

## Access

The airport is located 3 km (2 mi) from downtown Campos Sales.
# John Sale (politician)

John Sale (c. 1675 – 7 July 1732) was an Irish politician of the 18th century.

## Biography

Sale was born around 1675. A "John Sale" was Sheriff of County Dublin in 1705; this may have been the same man.
He was a Doctor of Laws and later registrar of the Church of Ireland diocese of Dublin. He was elected to the Irish House of Commons in 1715 for the Carysfort borough and served there until his death in 1732.

## Family

Sale married Ellinor Desminières, daughter of Robert Desminières, a Sligo merchant of Huguenot extraction.
His eldest daughter Elizabeth married Richard Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington and was the mother of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington; thus, John Sale was great-grandfather to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.
# Fernando Clavijo Batlle

Fernando Clavijo Batlle (born 10 August 1971) is a Spanish politician and incumbent president of the Canary Islands. A member of the Canarian Coalition, he previously served as president from 2015 to 2019.

## Education

He studied economics and business at the University of La Laguna, working in the private sector at the same time. He then became an advisor to the musical activities organization of San Cristóbal de La Laguna.

## Involvement in the Canarian nationalists

He joined the Tenerife Independents Group (ATI) in 1992. He became general secretary of the ATI Youth of San Cristóbal de La Laguna in 1997, and became head of the youth organization in 2001.

## First local mandates

He resigned from all his functions in 2003, following his election to the municipal council of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, where he was municipal councilor delegated to Security. After the elections of May 27, 2007, Mayor Ana Oramas appointed him, at the age of 35, first deputy, delegated to Urban Planning.

## Mayor of San Cristóbal de La Laguna

Following the election of Oramas to the Congress of Deputies, Fernando Clavijo was sworn in as Mayor of San Cristóbal de La Laguna on 21 November 2008, with the Canarian Coalition having 15 out of 27 elected representatives. A candidate for his own succession in the election of 22 May 2011, he only won 13 seats. However, he began a second term, thanks to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
On 12 September 2014, he ran for the Canarian Coalition's nomination for the regional elections of 24 May 2015, against the incumbent Paulino Rivero. In the first round, he received 45 votes, compared to the 55 needed and 40 for Rivero. The latter then decided to withdraw before the second round, and Clavijo obtained the nomination by 66 votes out of 92.
# Yann Poulard

Yann Poulard (born 17 June 1969) is a Swiss former footballer who played in the late 1980s and the 1990s as defender.

## Football career

Poulard advanced to FC Lausanne-Sport's first team in the 1988–89 Nationalliga A season. But during three seasons he only made four appearances, so he was loaned out to ES FC Malley, a club one division lower. During this one-year loan period Poulard was a regular starter and as he returned to Lausanne he became regular starter as well. Poulard played for Lausanne another three seasons before moving on to play one season for SR Delémont.
Poulard joined FC Basel's first team for their 1996–97 FC Basel season under head-coach Karl Engel. After playing in two test matches and two games in the UEFA Intertoto Cup Poulard played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 10 July 1996 as Basel won 1–0 against Aarau.
During his one season with the club, Poulard played a total of 26 games for Basel without scoring a goal. 19 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, four in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and three were friendly games.
Following his time with Basel, Poulard moved on and signed for FC Stade Nyonnais, who at that time played in the 1st League, the third tier of Swiss football. At the end of the 1997–98 season Poulard won promotion with his new club. They were the Group 1 champions and in the play-offs won 2–1 on aggregate against FC Münsingen and in the next round both games against SV Muttenz. Poulard stayed with Stade Nyonnais for another six months and then retired from professional football.
# Mueang Soi

17°28′17″N 98°41′13″E﻿ / ﻿17.47139°N 98.68694°E﻿ / 17.47139; 98.68694
Mueang Soi (Thai: เมืองสร้อย) was a city-state of the Lawa people on the boundary of the present-day Tak province and Lamphun province of Thailand.$^{:1–3}$$^{:2213}$ It may have existed at least from 1126 to the 16th or 18th century when it was destroyed by Burmese or Siamese armies.$^{:1–3}$
The ruins of Mueang Soi have been submerged since 1964 due to the operation of the Bhumibol Dam.$^{:5}$

## History

Before the establishment of the Lan Na Kingdom, the northern region of Thailand was dotted with small city-states scattered along the plains of major rivers. Each state had its king and had its own unique local culture, depending on the local potential.$^{:113}$ Records on Mueang Soi has been proved its existence during 1126–1767. Its territory covered lower Mae Tuen (แม่ตื่น) and Ping River Basins in the present-day Sam Ngao district, Tak province.$^{:1,3}$
Mueang Soi was built by Phaya Patummarat (พยาปาตุมมะราช). In the 14th century, Chao New Mue Ngam (เจ้านิ้วมืองาม), King of the neighboring city-state of Li, also enthroned as the king of Mueang Soi.$^{:1}$ This possibly due to the royal intermarriage.$^{:2213}$
Mueang Soi was destroyed by the Burmese troops and left abandoned in the 18th century due to the Burmese–Siamese wars.$^{:1}$ Its last ruler was Phaya Uttum (พญาอุตตุม).$^{:1,3}$ However, some scholars state Mueang Soi was destroyed earlier during the siege of Lan Na by King Naresuan of the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the late 16th century; Mueang Soi was then an Ayutthaya's vassal.$^{:2}$
# Lay (surname)

Lay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Morrison Lay (1836–1879), U.S. politician
* Beirne Lay, Jr. (1909–1982), American author and World War II aviator
* Benjamin Lay (1681–1760), English Quaker and abolitionist
* Bob Lay (1944–2022), Australian sprinter
* Caren Lay (born 1972), German politician
* Carol Lay (born 1952), American author
* Cecil Howard Lay (1885–1956), English poet
* Charles Downing Lay (1877–1956), American landscape architect
* Donald P. Lay (1926–2007), American jurist
* Elzy Lay (1868–1934), U.S. outlaw
* George W. Lay (1798-1860), U.S. politician
* George Tradescant Lay (c. 1800–1845), British naturalist, missionary and diplomat
* Herman Lay (1909–1982), American businessman
* Horatio Nelson Lay (1832–1898), British diplomat
* Humberto Lay (born 25 September 1934), Peruvian evangelical pastor
* Jeffrey Lay (born 1969), Canadian rower
* John Louis Lay (1832–1899), American inventor
* Josh Lay (born 1982), American football player
* Kenneth Lay (1942–2006), U.S. businessman
* Ken Lay (police officer) (born 1956), Australian police commissioner
* Ko Lay (born 31 October 1931), Burmese politician
* Oliver Ingraham Lay (1845-1890), American portrait painter.
* Sam Lay (1935–2022), American drummer and vocalist
* Stan Lay (1906–2003), New Zealand track and field athlete
* Susan Lay (born March 13, 1985), English actress, musician, and TV presenter
* Archbishop Ronald J.Lay (born November 27, 1947) American author, archbishop, poet, painter and writer
* Linda Diane Lay (born March 06,1955), American author, poet, writer, and entrepreneur
# Darboux transformation

In mathematics, the Darboux transformation, named after Gaston Darboux (1842–1917), is a method of generating a new equation and its solution from the known ones. It is widely used in inverse scattering theory, in the theory of orthogonal polynomials, and as a way of constructing soliton solutions of the KdV hierarchy. From the operator-theoretic point of view, this method corresponds to the factorization of the initial second order differential operator into a product of first order differential expressions and subsequent exchange of these factors, and is thus sometimes called the single commutation method in mathematics literature. The Darboux transformation has applications in supersymmetric quantum mechanics.

## History

The idea goes back to Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.

## Method

Let $y=y(x)$ be a solution of the equation
    $-y''(x)+q(x)y(x)=\lambda y(x)$
and $y=z(x)$ be a fixed strictly positive solution of the same equation for some $\lambda =\lambda _{0}$. Then for $\lambda \neq \lambda _{0}$,
    $Y(x):=y'(x)-{\frac {z'(x)}{z(x)}}y(x)=z(x)\left({\frac {y(x)}{z(x)}}\right)'$
is a solution of the equation
    $-Y''(x)+Q(x)Y(x)=\lambda Y(x),$
where $Q(x)=q(x)-2\left({\frac {z'(x)}{z(x)}}\right)'.$ Also, for $\lambda =\lambda _{0}$, one solution of the latter differential equation is $1/z(x)$ and its general solution can be found by d’Alembert's method:
    $Y(x)={\frac {1}{z(x)}}\left(C_{1}+C_{2}\int ^{x}z^{2}(x)dx\right),$
where $C_{1}$ and $C_{2}$ are arbitrary constants.

## Eigenvalue problems

Darboux transformation modifies not only the differential equation but also the boundary conditions. This transformation makes it possible to reduce eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions to boundary conditions independent of the eigenvalue parameter – one of the Dirichlet, Neumann or Robin conditions. On the other hand, it also allows one to convert inverse square singularities to Dirichlet boundary conditions and vice versa. Thus Darboux transformations relate eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions with inverse square singularities.
# List of think tanks in Greece

There are several think tanks in operation in Greece, commonly known as policy institutes, research organisations, or simply institutes. Some of the think tanks in Greece:
* Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP)
* International Centre for Black Sea Studies (ICBSS)
* Centre of Planning and Economic Research (KEPE)
* The Catalyst
# Kailash Nath Dikshit

Kailash Nath Dikshit, also known as K.N. Dikshit is an Indian archaeologist, known for his works on India's civilization, and the organizer and director of numerous archaeological expeditions. He served as the director of Archaeological Survey of India. He was honored with Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, given by the Government of India, for his contribution to the field of archaeology.

## Biography

He was born in 1936. He attended Queens Anglo Sanskrit Inter College in Lucknow, completing his high school and intermediate education in 1952. He did a Master's degree in Ancient Indian History and Archaeology from the University of Lucknow in 1956 and later obtained a Postgraduate diploma in Archaeology from the Government of India in 1962.
Dikshit joined the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in 1957 as an Exploration Assistant. During his career, he briefly served as Deputy Keeper (Pre-history) at the National Museum of India, New Delhi, and held various positions at the ASI, including Superintending Archaeologist in several regional circles and branches. He retired in 1994 as the Joint Director General of the ASI.

## Awards and recognition

* Padma Bhushan, by the Government of India in 2025.
* Dr. Vishnu Sridhar Wakankar Rashtriya Samman from the Government of Madhya Pradesh in 2010–11.
* Outstanding Archaeologist by the Central Government Museum, Allahabad, in 2017.
* Lifetime Achievement Award from the Museums Association of India, Chennai, in 2015.
# List of mayors of Brčko District

This article lists the Mayors of Brčko District since the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the self-governing administrative unit located in the country's north-east.
From 1995 until 2000, the city Brčko was under the temporary authority of Republika Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as one of its municipalities. Following the final arbitration award, Brčko District was constituted in 2000 under the direct sovereignty of the state, formally held in condominium by both entities, united based on the boundaries of the pre-war Brčko municipality, with the Mayor having authority over the entire District.

## List of mayors
### Municipality of Brčko (1990–1992) (Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina control)

Party of Democratic Action
| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Party |
| 1 | Mustafa Ramić | December 1990 | 7 May 1992 | SDA |

### Municipality of Brčko (1995–2000) (Republika Srpska control)

Serb Democratic Party  Socialist Party
| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Party |
| 1 | Miodrag Pajić (born 1950) | 14 December 1995 | 13 November 1997 | SDS |
| 2 | Borko Reljić (born 1952) | 13 November 1997 | 15 April 1999 | SDS |
| 3 | Siniša Kisić (1954–2020) | 15 April 1999 | 8 March 2000 | SP |

### Brčko District (2000–present) (Self-governing under formal condominium)

Socialist Party  New Croatian Initiative  Social Democratic Party  Alliance of Independent Social Democrats  Croatian Democratic Union  Party of Democratic Action  Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina
| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Term of office | Party |
| 1 | Siniša Kisić (1954–2020) | 8 March 2000 | 12 November 2003 | SP |
| — | Ivan Krndelj (born 1959) Acting | 12 November 2003 | 3 December 2003 | NHI |
| 2 | Branko Damjanac (born 1947) | 3 December 2003 | 8 December 2004 | SP |
| 3 | Mirsad Đapo (born 1953) | 8 December 2004 | 12 February 2009 | SDP BiH |
| 4 | Dragan Pajić (born 1956) | 12 February 2009 | 14 September 2011 | SNSD |
| 5 | Miroslav Gavrić (born 1971) | 14 September 2011 | 23 November 2012 | SNSD |
| 6 | Anto Domić (born 1967) | 23 November 2012 | 16 November 2016 | HDZ BiH |
| 7 | Siniša Milić (born 1971) | 16 November 2016 | 10 December 2020 | SNSD |
| — | Anto Domić (born 1967) Acting | 10 December 2020 | 23 December 2020 | HDZ BiH |
| 8 | Esed Kadrić (born 1979) | 23 December 2020 | 15 March 2023 | SDA |
| 9 | Zijad Nišić (born 1961) | 15 March 2023 | 29 November 2024 | SBiH |
| 10 | Siniša Milić (born 1971) | 29 November 2024 | Incumbent | SNSD |