OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frio River

The Frio River is a river in the U.S. state of Texas. The word frío is Spanish for cold, a clear reference to the spring-fed coolness of the river.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
* Rio Frio
* Arroyo Hondo
* Rio Hondo
* Rio Sarco

## Geography

The Frio River has three primary tributaries; the East, West, and Dry Frio Rivers. The West Frio River rises from springs in northeastern Real County and joins with the East Frio River near the town of Leakey; the Dry Frio River joins northeast of Uvalde. The river flows generally southeast for 200 miles until it empties into the Nueces River south of the town of Three Rivers. Along the way, the Frio River provides water to the Choke Canyon Reservoir in McMullen and Live Oak Counties.

## Recreation

The cool and consistent flow of the Frio River has made it a popular summertime destination. Garner State Park, on the river about 10 miles (16 km) south of Leakey and 75 miles (121 km) west of San Antonio, provides camping, fishing and other activities. Numerous other privately owned campgrounds are also found along the river.

## Miscellaneous

* Frio County, Texas is named for the river.
* Frio River is popularly considered navigable from well above Leakey to about 5 mi (8.0 km) downstream of Concan. From that latter place, the Frio River's water volume in summer months is insufficient to surmount the natural percolation down into limestone subsurface water courses; therefore, the river bed appears dry intermittently, and the river is no longer efficiently navigable continuously year-round from that place to its confluence with the Nueces River. Applicable laws concerning navigability include statutes written in Spanish that are still in force in Texas. The river may only be accessed from public access points, and all river banks are private property. Accessing the riverbanks is only legal in the event of portaging canoes or scouting for obstructions. As stated by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, which manages navigable rivers in Texas: "Senate Bill (S.B.) 155 strikes a balance between the navigation right and private property interests by providing that portaging or scouting obstructions do not create a prescriptive easement over any private property so used. Thus, under S.B. 155, if private riverside property is used to portage or scout obstructions, the landowner does not bear any risk of permanent loss of a property interest. Should it become unnecessary to use that particular riverside property to portage or scout obstructions (for example, because the river changes course), the public right of use disappears."

## Gallery

* The Frio River flows through Garner State Park in Uvalde County, Texas.
* Cypress trees line the waters of the Frio River, located in the Texas Hill Country.
* The Frio River snakes through Garner State Park, located in Uvalde County, Texas, in the heart of the Texas Hill Country.
* The Frio River winds along the east side of Garner State Park (on the left, showing a dam that forms a swimming area).
# Dennis Schmitt

Dennis Schmitt is an American veteran explorer, adventurer and composer.

## Early life

Schmitt grew up in Berkeley, California, the son of mixed German and American parentage. His father was a plumber. Displaying early aptitude with languages, music and mathematics, Schmitt graduated from Berkeley High School in 1963, and went on to study linguistics at UC Berkeley with Noam Chomsky in his late teens. Chomsky recruited Schmitt, aged 19, to travel to Alaska's Brooks Range and attempt to learn the Nunamiut dialect.

## Career

Schmitt lived for four years at an Alaskan Inuit village named Anaktuvuk Pass before leading expeditions, including the Sierra Club. In 2003, Schmitt discovered one of the candidates for the title of "northernmost land in the world". Deciding that Greenland should name its own islands, he simply called it "83-42" after its latitude, a name that has remained.
Two years later, in 2005, Schmitt discovered a new island revealed by the retreat of an ice shelf in East Greenland. Uunartoq Qeqertaq, Inuit for "The Warming Island", lies 400 miles north of the Arctic Circle. The Sierra Club reported on a Schmitt quote to The New York Times:
   We felt the exhilaration of discovery. We were exploring something new. But of course, there was also something scary about what we did there. We were looking in the face of these changes, and all of us were thinking of the dire consequences.

### Expeditions

Schmitt is also credited with the July 2007 discovery of another candidate for the "northernmost" title, named Stray Dog West by expedition member Holly Wenger. Stray Dog West, at 83º40'30", belongs to a shifting, semi-permanent archipelago locked in the sea ice north of Peary Land in northeast Greenland, named the Stray Dog Islands. The first island of the archipelago was discovered on July 10, 1996, by Steve Gardiner and Jim Schaefer and is commonly known as the 1996 ATOW Island after the 1996 American – Top Of The World Expedition.
Schmitt was the first person to climb the highest point of the Daly Range, part of the northernmost mountain chain on Earth, as well as Alaska's Brooks Range from Point Hope to the Mackenzie River, and made the first traverse of Axel Heiberg Island, northern Canada. He also crossed the sea ice of the Bering Straits to the Soviet Union, and travelled through Eskimo villages of eastern Siberia. Upon his return, the FBI detained Schmitt but released him without charge.

### Musical works

* Song Cycle I (Mental trash from warm bodies (plus extras))
* Prologue and Aurora (1977)
* The Alaska Wilderness Adventure (1978)

## Personal life

Schmitt speaks multiple languages, including Russian, Norwegian, Danish, and French. He lives in Berkeley and composes classical music, being credited for the soundtrack to the 1978 movie, The Alaska Wilderness Adventure. Schmitt also writes sonnets under the pen name D O'Farrell.
# Don Urquhart

Donald Campbell Urquhart (c. 1848 – 6 August 1911) was an Australian politician.

## Early life

He was born in London.

## Political career

In 1893, Urquhart was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as the Free Trade member for Cumberland. His election was declared void in December 1893, but in 1894 he won election to the seat of Montagu. Following a redistribution in 1900 he became the member for Zeehan, holding it until he was defeated in 1903. At the 1901 federal election, Urquhart narrowly failed to win election to the Senate, losing the last seat to James Macfarlane by 43 votes (0.2%). He served a final term as the member for Devonport from 1906 until 1909, when he contested Darwin unsuccessfully after the introduction of proportional representation. Urquhart was a minister from 1897 to 1899 and served as Treasurer from 1906 to 1909.
# Sedum oregonense

Sedum oregonense is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae known by the common name cream stonecrop. It is native to the Klamath Ranges of southern Oregon and northern California, where it grows in rocky habitat. It is a succulent plant forming basal rosettes of leaves up to about 4 centimeters long. Smaller leaves occur higher up the stem. The leaves are green in color and waxy in texture. The inflorescence is an upright, wide open array of flowers. The flowers have yellow petals with red-tinged or white-speckled undersides.
# Sphyraenodus

Sphyraenodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. Includes the species Sphyraenodus multidentatus from Angola.
# Glogovica (Aleksinac)

Glogovica (Serbian: Глоговица) is a village in the municipality of Aleksinac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 874 people.
# Marshside, Kent

Marshside is a hamlet in the county of Kent, England. It is in the parish of Chislet alongside the Chislet Marshes southeast of Herne Bay.

## Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists with the most populous parish being Sturry. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 3.302.
# Edward Linggu

Datuk Linggu @ Edward bin Bukut, or commonly known as Edward Linggu is a Malaysian politician who has served as a Senator since December 2024. He had served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tamparuli from 1999 to 2004. He is a member of the Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR), a major component of the ruling Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition. He has been the Secretary-General of STAR since 2021 and had served as a Vice President from 2018 to 2021.

## Politics

In 2001, he quit PBS to join PBRS together with Jeffrey Kitingan. Then, he joined STAR and was appointed as a Vice President before being appointed as the Secretary-general and also Strategy Director of the party. He had also participated in the 2013 Sabah state election for Tamparuli state seat again but ultimately lost.

## Election result

Sabah State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct. | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct. | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1999 | Tamparuli | Edward Linggu (PBS) | 6,125 | 57.77% | Wilfred Bumburing (UPKO) | 3,939 | 37.15% | 10,603 | 2,186 | 78.62% |
| 1999 | Tamparuli | Edward Linggu (PBS) | 6,125 | 57.77% | Monggoh Orow (BERSEKUTU) | 475 | 4.48% | 10,603 | 2,186 | 78.62% |
| 2013 | Tamparuli | Edward Linggu (STAR) | 589 | 4.07% | Wilfred Bumburing (PKR) | 6,862 | 47.43% | 14,469 | 383 | 83.80% |
| 2013 | Tamparuli | Edward Linggu (STAR) | 589 | 4.07% | Jahid Jahim (PBS) | 6,479 | 44.78% | 14,469 | 383 | 83.80% |
| 2013 | Tamparuli | Edward Linggu (STAR) | 589 | 4.07% | Stephan Gaimin (SAPP) | 185 | 1.28% | 14,469 | 383 | 83.80% |
| 2013 | Tamparuli | Edward Linggu (STAR) | 589 | 4.07% | James Ongkili Jr. (IND) | 185 | 0.87% | 14,469 | 383 | 83.80% |

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Recipient of the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
* Sabah :
** Commander of the Order of Kinabalu (PGDK) – Datuk (2022)
** Companion of the Order of Kinabalu (ASDK) (2006)
** Justice of the Peace (JP) (2020)
# Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is a microangiopathic subgroup of hemolytic anemia (loss of red blood cells through destruction) caused by factors in the small blood vessels. It is identified by the finding of anemia and schistocytes on microscopy of the blood film.

## Signs and symptoms

In diseases such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and malignant hypertension, the endothelial layer of small vessels is damaged with resulting fibrin deposition and platelet aggregation. As red blood cells travel through these damaged vessels, they are fragmented resulting in intravascular hemolysis. The resulting schistocytes (red cell fragments) are also increasingly targeted for destruction by the reticuloendothelial system in the spleen, due to their narrow passage through obstructed vessel lumina. It is seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, where immune complexes aggregate with platelets, forming intravascular thrombi. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is also seen in cancer.
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia may be suspected based on routine medical laboratory tests such as a CBC (complete blood cell count). Automated analysers (the machines that perform routine full blood counts in most hospitals) are designed to flag blood specimens that contain abnormal amounts of red blood cell fragments or schistocytes.

## Causes

* Disseminated intravascular coagulation
* HELLP syndrome
* Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
* Hemolytic uremic syndrome
* Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
* Cancer
* Malignant hypertension
* Scleroderma renal crisis
* Malfunctioning cardiac valves (called the "Waring Blender syndrome")
* Kasabach–Merritt syndrome
* Insertion of foreign bodies
* Drugs (e.g. cancer chemotherapy)
* Snake envenomation
* others diseases: eclampsia, renal allograft rejection, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, scleroderma, and vasculitides such as polyarteritis nodosa and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, antiphospholipid syndrome

## Pathophysiology

In all causes, the mechanism of MAHA is the formation of a fibrin mesh due to increased activation of the system of coagulation. The red blood cells are physically cut by these protein networks. The resulting fragments are the schistocytes observed in light microscopy

## Diagnosis

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia results in isolated increase in serum bilirubin levels. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia above 15% is present. The differential diagnoses are rifampicin or probenecid use, inherited disorders like Gilbert's syndrome and other hemolytic disorders. On peripheral smears, fragmented RBCs, burr cells, helmet cells and triangle cells are seen.

## Treatment

Platelets and cryoprecipitate are contraindicated as they facilitate further clot formation and RBC lysis. Plasmapheresis is one treatment for TTP; corticosteroids should also be considered. {mcn}
# Záluží (Litoměřice District)

Záluží (German: Salusch) is a municipality and village in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Záluží lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of Litoměřice, 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Ústí nad Labem, and 42 km (26 mi) north of Prague.

## Administrative division

Záluží consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* Záluží (154)
* Kozlovice (69)
# Josip Mohorović

Josip Mohorović (born 22 March 1948) is a Croatian retired football player and manager.

## Playing career

As a player, he spent much of his career (ten seasons) playing for HNK Rijeka, in process collecting over 400 caps and scoring 34 goals. He was one of the club's most important midfielders during the mid-1970s. He was also the club's top scorer during the 1971–72 and 1974-75 seasons. From Rijeka he moved to the Netherlands, where he played with NAC Breda. He finished his career in Switzerland with Mendrisio, before becoming a manager.
# České Heřmanice

České Heřmanice (German: Böhmisch Hermanitz) is a market town in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Administrative division

České Heřmanice consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):
* České Heřmanice (414)
* Borová (28)
* Chotěšiny (75)
* Netřeby (82)

## Geography

České Heřmanice is located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Ústí nad Orlicí and 35 km (22 mi) east of Pardubice. It lies in the Svitavy Uplands. The highest point is at 377 m (1,237 ft) above sea level. The stream Sloupnický potok flows through the market town. The territory of České Heřmanice is rich in fishponds.

## History

The first written mention of České Heřmanice is from 1226. The greatest prosperity occurred during the rule of Bohuněk of Adršpach in 1460–1506. During this period, České Heřmanice was promoted to a market town. Among the next owners of the market town were the noble families of Kostka of Postupice, Zierotin, Trauttmansdorff, Waldstein and Thurn und Taxis.
The first written mention of Chotěšiny is from 1307. It was a separate municipality until 1960, when it was merged with České Heřmanice.
Netřeby was founded in 1661 and Borová was founded in 1698. From 1785, they were administered as parts of České Heřmanice.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 1,013 | — |
| 1880 | 1,015 | +0.2% |
| 1890 | 994 | −2.1% |
| 1900 | 935 | −5.9% |
| 1910 | 965 | +3.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 942 | −2.4% |
| 1930 | 870 | −7.6% |
| 1950 | 687 | −21.0% |
| 1961 | 644 | −6.3% |
| 1970 | 579 | −10.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 500 | −13.6% |
| 1991 | 533 | +6.6% |
| 2001 | 532 | −0.2% |
| 2011 | 533 | +0.2% |
| 2021 | 599 | +12.4% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

## Sights

The main landmark of České Heřmanice is the Church of Saint James the Great. It was built in 1547 and the tower from this period has been preserved to this day. In 1720–1733, the church was completely rebuilt in the Baroque style.
# The Man Who Broke into Auschwitz

The Man Who Broke Into Auschwitz is the title of a claimed autobiographical, but later classified as semi-autobiographical and semi-fictional book by Denis Avey, who is a recipient of a British Hero of the Holocaust award. The book was written together with Rob Broomby and published by Hodder in 2011. It carries a foreword by Sir Martin Gilbert. The novelist James Long assisted with research and helped to edit and structure the manuscript.

## Book synopsis

Denis Avey relates his wartime service and how he came to be held prisoner in E715A, a camp for Allied Prisoners of War adjacent to Auschwitz. He describes how he exchanged uniforms with a Jewish inmate of Auschwitz III in order to enter this camp to discover more about conditions there, with a view to reporting these to the authorities after the war. He also relates how he smuggled cigarettes to another Jewish inmate Ernst Lobethal, having obtained these from Lobethal's sister in Britain. He was convinced that Ernst had died by early 1945, because he could not have survived the death marches when the camp was evacuated. He also said that after the war the authorities were not interested in his story and he kept silence for more than half a century. Eventually he did begin to disclose his story and it came to the attention of the BBC. Rob Broomby was able to trace Lobethal's sister Susanne and her son had a copy of a video recording which her brother had made before his death for the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education in which he describes how a British POW known as 'Ginger' smuggled the cigarettes to him and how these saved his life by enabling him to exchange them for food and to have new soles put on his boots which enabled him to survive the death march.

## Controversy

The World Jewish Congress asked the publisher to have the book verified. Questions have also been raised by British writer, Guy Walters, as to whether Avey actually managed to 'smuggle himself' into Auschwitz. For the paperback edition of Avey's book the publishers issued 'notes on sources' by Broomby and Long, responding to some of the questions raised, available on the publisher's website. However, Avey's application for the "Righteous Among the Nations" award was turned down by Yad Vashem because his story could not be substantiated. Dr. Piotr Setkiewicz, head of research at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum told Reuters that he does not think the swap described in the book ever happened. Setkiewicz added that Avey's description of Auschwitz III does not conform to known facts about it, beginning with the "Arbeit Macht Frei" sign upon its entrance, which almost certainly did not exist. He added: "Perhaps 80 or 90% of what Mr. Avey says is true, but the problem is that deniers have this wonderful habit of fixing on every single thing which is obviously not true." Since his death, Avey's family have admitted he always embellished his stories. Whilst he almost certainly spent time in various PoW camps, this story should be viewed as a semi- autobiographical work of fiction.
# Three Stelae of Kōzuke

The Three Stelae of Kōzuke (上野三碑) are three ancient stelae (graven stone monuments) in the former Kōzuke Province of Japan, located in what is now the city of Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture, in the Kantō region. Together, they were inscribed in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register as "Three Cherished Stelae of Ancient Kozuke" in 2017.
These are the oldest of the 18 known extant Japanese stelae. The Yamanoue Stele is from 681 AD (Asuka period), the Tago Stele from 711 AD (Nara period), and the Kanaizawa Stele from 726 AD (Nara period). The Yamanoue Stele is the oldest surviving example of Chinese characters using Japanese grammar.
* Yamanoue Stele
* Tago Stele
* Kanaizawa Stele
# Kesavadas Achyuthan Nair

Dato' Kesavadas s/o A. Achyuthan Nair is a Malaysian politician who has served as a Senator representing Negeri Sembilan from May 2019 to May 2022 and again since April 2022. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.

## Career

At the party level, Kesavadas was a state vice chairman of DAP of the Negeri Sembilan alongside Teo Kok Seong from 2021 until 2024.
On 20 March 2019, Kesavadas was elected to the Parliament as the senator representing Negeri Sembilan for the first term after being nominated and approved by the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly. On 19 March 2022, his first 3-year term ended. On 25 April 2022, he was reelected as the senator for the second term after being renominated and reapproved by the assembly.
Kesavadas also discussed the establishment of a Royal Commission of Inquiry regarding the cartel of non-halal imported meat that was detected in 2020 and the government has agreed to set up the commission.

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Recipient of the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal
* Pahang :
** Knight Companion of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (DIMP) – Dato' (2014)
# Murat Akın

Murat Akin (born 22 October 1986) is a Belgian former footballer of Turkish descent who is currently the sporting director of Turkish club Fatih Karagümrük.
# Stephen Barnham

Stephen Barnham (died 1608), of London, Denne, Horsham and later of Southover, near Lewes, Sussex, was an English politician.
He was a member (MP) of the parliament of England for Chichester in 1601.
# Thyrsitocephalus

Thyrsitocephalus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Oligocene epoch.