OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polish Armed Forces (1917–1918)

The Polish Armed Forces (Polish: Polska Siła Zbrojna, German: Polnische Wehrmacht) was a military formation created during World War I. It was created from the more Polish dominated, Polish Auxiliary Corps (also called Polish Legions), headed by Pilsudski. It was the armed forces of a puppet Kingdom of Poland envisioned by the Prussian Mitteleuropa Plan. The results of the recruiting campaign were dismal. The Polish Armed Forces was nevertheless established, as part of the German Army and under complete German command. The commander-in-chief of the Polish Armed Forces became general-governor Hans Hartwig von Beseler, while the de facto commander was General der Infanterie Felix von Barth, head of the training branch.
The Polish Armed Forces was created on 10 April 1917, as a result of the Act of 5th November of 1916 and the creation of the Kingdom of Poland. The backbone of the formation were the soldiers of the Polish Legions (Polish Auxiliary Corps), fighting together with the Austro-Hungarian Army against Russia.
As a result of the Oath Crisis of July 1917, 3/4 of the soldiers of the Polish Legions declined to pledge loyalty to the German Kaiser. Approximately 15,000 of them were confined in internment camps in Beniaminów and Szczypiorno, while almost 3,000 were drafted to the Austro-Hungarian Army. Despite the planned force of 70,000, only 5,000 declared loyalty to the kaiser. After the command of the unit was transferred to the Polish Regency Council on 19 October 1918, the number soon reached 9,000. After Poland declared her independence on 11 November 1918, the Polish Armed Forces became the basis of the newly formed Polish Army.
# Wu Chih-chung

Wu Chih-chung (Chinese: 吳志中; pinyin: Wú Zhìzhōng) is a Taiwanese political scientist, diplomat, and politician who has been the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs since August 2024 and previously from May 2016 to July 2018, and has later become the Ambassador of Taiwan in France from July 2018 to August 2024.

## Education

After graduating from Aletheia University with a bachelor's degree in computer science, Wu studied in Paris, France, from 1989 to 1998. He earned a master's degree in political science from Paris Dauphine University, a master's degree in geopolitics from Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis, and a third master's degree in diplomacy and then his Ph.D. in political science from Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University.

## Professional experience

After returning to Taiwan, he has worked as a professor at Soochow University in the Department of Political Science. His areas of expertise are geopolitics, diplomatic history, EU foreign policy, post-war world situation, French government and French politics.
Due to his experience and expertise of international relations and European affairs, he has been recruited by several public or private institutions for advisory positions, such as Taipei and Taichung City Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Education, etc.
As the president and later the honorary president of Alliance Française in Taiwan, he has been relentlessly promoting the exchange between Taiwan and France. In 2014, he was appointed by the French President François Hollande as a Knight of the French National Order of Merit.

## Political career

During the Presidency of Tsai Ing-wen, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs serving from 20 May 2016 to 15 July 2018 when he was appointed Ambassador of Taiwan to France.
During the Presidency of Lai Ching-te, he was re-appointed Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and will assume office after the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

## Personal life

Wu is the son of Wu Rong-i, who served as the Deputy Prime Minister (Vice Premier of the Executive Yuan) of Taiwan in the cabinet of Frank Hsieh from 2005 to 2006.
# River Doon

The River Doon (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Dhùin, pronounced) is a river in Ayrshire, Scotland. Its course is generally north-westerly, passing near to the town of Dalmellington, and through the villages of Patna, Dalrymple, and Alloway, birthplace of Robert Burns. The source of the Doon is Loch Doon, high in the Galloway Hills.
In the 1930s Loch Doon was dammed to provide water to the Galloway Hydro Electric Scheme, today operated by Scottish Power.
The Doon is mentioned in Burns' classic narrative poem "Tam o' Shanter", along with the Brig o' Doon, which spans 72 feet (22 metres) across the river, just outside Alloway. The river is also the major setting for his lesser-known poem "The Banks O' Doon".

## Course

The River Doon begins at Loch Doon, flowing in a northwesterly direction from the loch. The loch is dammed at the source of the river by the Loch Doon Dam. The river flows north from the loch through Ness Glen, a densely forested gorge.
The Doon ends its nearly 40-mile course at the Firth of Clyde, just south of Ayr.
# Wader (American)

Birders in Canada and the United States refer to several families of long-legged wading birds in semi-aquatic ecosystems as waders. These include the families Phoenicopteridae (flamingos), Ciconiidae (storks), Threskiornithidae (ibises and spoonbills), Ardeidae (herons, egrets, and bitterns), and the extralimital families Scopidae (hamerkop) and Balaenicipitidae (shoebill) of Africa. Elsewhere in the world, the word refers to what North Americans call a "shorebird", various families of the order Charadriiformes. In the past all of these families were classified in the order Ciconiiformes based on overall similarity in anatomy and ecology, as well as some molecular data. However recent genomic studies have found that this group to be polyphyletic, with flamingos being more closely related to grebes while ibises, herons, the hamerkop and the shoebill are more closely related to pelicans. As a result of these changes flamingos are placed in their own order Phoenicopteriformes and Ciconiiformes are solely restricted to the storks. The rest of the waders have been reclassified into the order Pelecaniformes.
In some field guides, the families Gruidae (cranes) and Aramidae (limpkin) are also considered to be waders too. However unlike the previously mentioned families, cranes and the limpkin were never thought to be closely related to the heron-like birds and have always been classified as members of the order Gruiformes.
# Natalya Kostenko

Natalya Kostenko (Russian: Наталья Васильевна Костенко; born 9 August 1980, Malotenginskaya, Krasnodar Krai) is a Russian political figure and deputy of the 7th and 8th State Dumas.

## Career

In 2005, Kostenko moved to Moscow, where she started working as a political commentator for the Nezavisimaya Gazeta. From 2008 to 2013, Kostenko served as a Kremlin correspondent for the Vedomosti newspaper. In 2013, she started working at the Institute of Socio-Economic and Political Studies, where, as a deputy director, she interacted with the Federal Coordinating Committee of the All-Russia People's Front. Since 2013, she has been part of the central headquarters of the All-Russia People's Front. On 18 September 2016 she was elected deputy of the 7th State Duma from the Krasnodar Krai constituency. In 2021, she was re-elected for the 8th State Duma.

### Sanctions

She was sanctioned by Canada under the Special Economic Measures Act (S.C. 1992, c. 17) in relation to the Russian invasion of Ukraine for Grave Breach of International Peace and Security, and by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.
On 24 March 2022, the United States Treasury sanctioned her in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# Khirbat Al-Dumun

Al-Dumun (Arabic: الدامون) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Haifa Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 30, 1948. It was located 10.5 km southeast of Haifa.

## History

A known cave located in the area was used as a sheep fold. Flints artefacts from the cave had been dated to the Neolithic period.
In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine noted at Duweimin “foundations."

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Al Damun had a population of 19 Muslims, while in the 1931 census, it was counted under Isfiya.
In the 1945 statistics the village had a population of 340 Muslims, and the total land area was 2,797 dunams. Of this, 5 dunams were used for citrus and bananas, 280 were for plantations and irrigable land, 1,619 for cereals, while 893 dunams were non-cultivable land.

### 1948, aftermath

At the end of April, 1948, the villagers surrendered without a fight, and the village was garrisoned by the Haganah. The villagers were, at first, allowed to stay. Morris notes that part of the document stating this has been blacked out by the IDF censors, presumably, according to Morris, as the writer have suggested that the villagers were to be expelled.
In 1992, the remains were described: "All that remains from the village is a building now used as a prison. Cactuses and few remaining fruit trees, such as pomegranate and almond trees, grown on the site. The land is forested and the area is currently used by Israelis for recreation."

## Damon prison

The original building of Damon prison was built to be a tobacco factory and stable during the British Mandate for Palestine. The building was constructed to retain humidity to preserve tobacco leaves. Following additional construction around the site, it was opened as a detention center in 1953 by the Israeli Minister of Police.
In 2000, Israel Prison Service closed the prison temporarily due to inhumane conditions. It reopened in 2001 for incarcerating immigrant workers and Palestinians without official permits. There is no evidence that the complex has had significant changes or improvements since the 1950s.
The prison has a section for Palestinian children, and a wing dedicated to detaining females was established in 2018.
# End of studies collage

A end of studies collage or alumni collage, it's a photographic compilation that shows images of the students of a class or promotion, usually upon graduation, or at the end of their academic studies. This type of composition is very popular in many countries and serves as a collective memory for an entire class of students from a college, a school, a faculty, or another type of entity, whether they are university students or not.

## History and use

The origin of end of studies collage dates back to the class photo that were often taken in educational institutions during the 19th century. Over time, the tradition of including individual photos of each student in a decorative format became more common. Student class photos not only have a sentimental value, but also act as a historical archive. These collages allow students and staff to remember the shared moment, as well as identify their peers in the future. Furthermore, these collages are a reflection of the educational environment and the cultural history of the institution.

## Creation process

The process for creating a class list generally involves the following steps:
* Photo Taking: Students pose for individual photos, usually in front of a neutral background.
* Design: Photos are arranged in an attractive format, often accompanied by each student's name and the institution's logo.
* Printing and Distribution: The finished end of studies collage is printed on high-quality paper and distributed to students and teaching staff.
* Photos: Students pose for individual photos, usually in front of a neutral background.
* Design: The photos are arranged in an attractive format, often accompanied by the name of each student and the logo of the institution.

## Variants

The term generally refers to a visual compilation of photos and memories representing the end of an educational journey, such as a graduation year or final class. Although the basic concept of an alumni collage is fairly universal, there are variations in its design and presentation depending on the region and institution. Some graduation boards include faculty and staff photos, inspirational quotes, or additional information such as graduation year.
# Extreme-G 3

XGIII: Extreme G Racing, also known as Extreme-G 3, is a racing video game developed by Acclaim Studios Cheltenham and published by Acclaim Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 and GameCube. This game serves as a sequel to Extreme-G 2 and is followed by XGRA: Extreme-G Racing Association.

## Gameplay

The game portrays the sport of "Extreme-G" racing set in the 23rd century. Players assume the role of one of twelve riders competing in a championship, with each rider representing one of six teams of two. The career mode begins in the slowest class, 250G, and as players progress, they can eventually advance to the 1000G class, which is the fastest in the game.
The sound barrier mechanics from Extreme-G 2 are retained in this installment.
The game features 10 tracks, complete with twists, drops, and sharp turns. Extreme-G 3 introduces a new approach to weaponry, leading to a significant shift in gameplay from its predecessors. Unlike the first two games, where players could pick up weapons on the track without consuming their primary weapon bar, in the third game, players purchase weapons using money earned from races, and firing these weapons depletes a small portion of the weapon bar for each shot. Compared to earlier installments, Extreme-G 3 offers a reduced selection of weapons.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | GC | PS2 |
| Metacritic | 83/100 | 81/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score |
| Publication | GC | PS2 |
| Edge | N/A | 6/10 |
| Electronic Gaming Monthly | N/A | 6.17/10 |
| EP Daily | N/A | 8/10 |
| Game Informer | 8.25/10 | 8/10 |
| GameRevolution | B | N/A |
| GameSpot | 8.6/10 | 8.5/10 |
| GameSpy | 83% | N/A |
| GameZone | 8.4/10 | 9/10 |
| IGN | 8.5/10 | 8.4/10 |
| Next Generation | N/A | |
| Nintendo Power | 3.4/5 | N/A |
| Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | N/A | |
| Maxim | N/A | 7/10 |
Extreme-G 3 received "favorable" reviews on both platforms, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Gary Whitta of NextGen described the PlayStation 2 version as a solid title for fans of Wipeout-style racers.
Iron Monkey of GamePro noted that the PlayStation 2 version "boasts sizzling speeds and enough thumb-crushing intensity to keep futuristic racing fans satiated until Wipeout Fusion arrives." Star Dingo later described the GameCube version as "a hyper-fun, super-polished, vertigo-inducing thrill ride that will rush plenty of adrenaline through your veins... for a while, anyway."
The PlayStation 2 version was nominated for the "Best Driving Game" award at GameSpot's Best and Worst of 2002 Awards, which ultimately went to Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec. The game was also nominated at The Electric Playground's 2001 Blister Awards for "Best Sound in a Console Game," "Best Console Driving Game," and "GameCube Game of the Year" (though not reviewed), but lost to Star Wars: Obi-Wan, Grand Theft Auto III, and Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader, respectively.
# Thief River

The Thief River is a 40.3-mile-long (64.9 km) tributary of the Red Lake River in northwestern Minnesota in the United States. Via the Red Lake River, the Red River of the North, Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River, it is part of the watershed of Hudson Bay.

## Course

The Thief River flows from Thief Lake in Thief Lake Township of northeastern Marshall County and flows generally south-southwestwardly to Thief River Falls in northwestern Pennington County. The river flows through the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge.

## Tributaries

Thief Lake collects the Moose River, and the Thief River collects the Mud River in the Agassiz Refuge.

## Name

Thief River Falls takes its name from a geographic feature, the falls of the Red Lake River at its confluence with the Thief River. The name of the river is a loose translation of the Ojibwe phrase, Gimood-akiwi ziibi, literally, the "Stolen-land river" or "Thieving Land river," which originated when a band of Dakota Indians occupied a secret encampment along the river, hence "stealing" the land, before being discovered and routed by the neighboring Ojibwe.
# Vrooman (surname)

Vrooman is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Adam Edward Vrooman (1847–1923), Canadian doctor and politician
* Carl Schurz Vrooman (1872–1966), Assistant United States Secretary of Agriculture
* Daniel Vrooman (1818–1895), American missionary and cartographer
* John Perry Vrooman (1860–1923), Canadian doctor and politician
* John W. Vrooman (1844–1929), American lawyer, banker and politician
* Julia Scott Vrooman, American writer
* Peter H. Vrooman (born 1966), American diplomat
* Tamara Vrooman (born 1968), Canadian businesswoman
# List of Milwaukee County executives

The Milwaukee County executive serves as the chief executive officer of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Vested with veto power and appointing authority over department heads, the county executive oversees the administrative functions of county government and carries out ordinances passed by the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors. The county executive is elected to a four-year term; there are no term limits. Vacancies in the office are filled temporarily by the chairman of the County Board, who may personally appoint an interim county executive until such time as a special election may be held. The office of county executive was created in 1960; executive functions were consolidated under the office during the tenure of County Executive Bill O'Donnell. Prior to 1960, the County Board and its chairman conducted county administration unilaterally.

## County executives

* John Doyne (1960–1976)
* William O'Donnell (1976–1988)
* Dave Schulz (1988–1992)
* Tom Ament (1992–2002)
* Karen Ordinans (acting) (2002)
* Janine Geske (interim) (2002)
* Scott Walker (April 30, 2002 – December 27, 2010)
* Lee Holloway, (acting) (December 27, 2010 – February 4, 2011)
* Marvin Pratt (interim) (February 4, 2011 – April 25, 2011)
* Chris Abele (April 25, 2011 – May 4, 2020)
* David Crowley (May 4, 2020 – present)
# Ludomicko

Ludomicko is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ryczywół, within Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Ryczywół, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Oborniki, and 42 km (26 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.
# Guinea at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships

Guinea competed at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships in Doha, Qatar from 2 to 18 February.

## Competitors

The following is the list of competitors in the Championships.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Artistic swimming | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Swimming | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Total | 2 | 3 | 5 |

## Artistic swimming
### Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Alexandra Mansaré-Traoré | Solo technical routine | 129.1199 | 28 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Alexandra Mansaré-Traoré | Solo free routine | 95.7020 | 30 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Swimming

Guinea entered 4 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Fode Amara Camara | 50 metre freestyle | 27.44 | 102 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Fode Amara Camara | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:16.17 | 73 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Elhadj N'Gnane Diallo | 100 metre freestyle | 1:01.68 | 98 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Elhadj N'Gnane Diallo | 100 metre butterfly | 1:03.53 | 64 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Djenabou Jolie Bah | 50 metre freestyle | 31.93 | 98 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mariama Touré | 50 metre breaststroke | 40.83 | 39 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mariama Touré | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:37.98 | 53 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Marco Franco

Marco Franco (born October 6, 1991) is an American soccer player who plays as a defender.

## Career
### Youth & College

Franco played four years of college soccer at UC Irvine between 2010 and 2013. While at college, Franco also appeared for USL PDL club's Orange County Blue Star and OC Blues Strikers FC in 2012 and 2013 respectively.

### Professional

On January 16, 2014, Franco was selected 13th overall in the 2014 MLS SuperDraft by Chicago Fire.
Franco was loaned to USL Pro club Orange County Blues on August 8, 2014.
In September 2014, Franco joined NASL side Indy Eleven on loan.
# Great Western Railway of Colorado

The Great Western Railway of Colorado (reporting mark GWR) operates about 80 miles (129 km) of track in Colorado and interchanges with the Union Pacific Railroad as well as the BNSF Railway. It is currently a subsidiary of OmniTRAX but was founded in 1902 to serve the Great Western Sugar Company and other sugar beet and molasses companies in Colorado, and built by another Great Western subsidiary, Loveland Construction Company. It also operated passenger services from 1917 to 1926. Their route consists of a line from Loveland to Johnstown, Colorado, where it splits to Miliken and Longmont. Going north out of Kelim is Windsor where once again the line splits to go to their industrial park and Greeley, or Fort Collins. It has since expanded service to include customers such as Anheuser-Busch, Eastman Kodak and Simplot.
# Samuel Horgan

Samuel Horgan (born 20 April 1987 in Palmerston North) is a New Zealand rower and former professional racing cyclist.
During his cycling career, Horgan was best known for winning the Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic in 2013. He also won the men's time trial at the 2012 Oceania Cycling Championships. In 2019, Horgan won the New Zealand national rowing titles in the novice coxed fours and eights.

## Major results
### 2009

    3rd Time trial, Oceania Under-23 Road Championships

### 2011

    1st Overall Benchmark Homes Tour

### 2012

    Oceania Road Championships
       1st Time trial
       6th Road race
    1st Overall Tour of Canterbury
    1st Overall Tour de Taieri
    1st Le Race
    1st Taupo to Napier
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2013

    1st Overall Benchmark Homes Elite Series
    1st Overall NRS Tour of the Great South Coast
    1st Overall Tour of Canterbury
    1st Melbourne to Warrnambool Classic
    1st Sprints classification NRS Tour de Perth
    7th Overall New Zealand Cycle Classic

### 2014

    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
    5th Time trial, Oceania Road Championships

### 2015

    4th Road race, Oceania Road Championships
# Robert Chester and Elsie H. Lowe House

Robert Chester and Elsie H. Lowe House is a historic home located at Banner Elk, Avery County, North Carolina. It was built in 1949, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, Minimal Traditional-style house. It has a cross-gable roofline, random-range quarry-faced stone walls, two tapered stone chimneys and a shed-roof porch. Also on the property are the contributing barn and corn crib (1949).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
# Ludwina, Greater Poland Voivodeship

Ludwina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pleszew, within Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Pleszew and 86 km (53 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.