OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dunk (band)

Dunk, also previously known as Starkicker and blue.bottle.fly., was a Canadian power pop band from St. Catharines, Ontario, who were active from the mid 1990s to the early 2000s.

## History

The band formed in the early 1990s, consisting of vocalist and guitarist Ben Dunk, bassist Nick Dunk and drummer Doug Boudreau. The original name of the band was blue.bottle.fly. The band sold 1,500 copies of their independent album in the St. Catharines area, after which they were signed by Sony. In 1996, the band changed their name to Starkicker due to another band on the Sony label having a similar name, Bluebottle Kiss. The band released the album Beach Music through Sony in 1996. The first single from the album, "Get Up", peaked at No. 10 the week of August 26, 1996 on the RPM Alternative chart. By September 1996, the album had sold about 10,000 units. The second single from the album, "Neil Armstrong", enjoyed even greater success, peaking at No. 26 on the RPM Top 100 singles chart.
Beach Music was a top-30 Canadian campus radio chart hit in the late summer and fall of 1996.
The band garnered a nomination for Best New Group at the 1997 Juno Awards.
Deciding that the name Starkicker didn't fit, in 1999 the band changed their name to Dunk, added guitarist Tawgs Salter to the lineup, and released their follow-up album Time to Fly under their new name on September 7, 1999. The album's first single, "Crowdsurfing", peaked on the RPM Rock chart at No. 18.
On July 1, 2000, the band performed at Edgefest.

## Ben Dunk

Ben Dunk has worked as a songwriter and producer for other artists. Dunk co-wrote Edwin's 1999 hit song "Trippin'" and co-wrote and produced Wave's 2001 hit songs "California" and "Think It Over".
# Smoking pipe

A smoking pipe is used to taste the smoke of a burning substance; most common is a tobacco pipe. Pipes are commonly made from briar, heather, corncob, meerschaum, clay, cherry, glass, porcelain, ebonite and acrylic.

## Dutch pipe smoking

During the 17th century, pipe smoking became a new trend among the Dutch young, in specific the upper and middle class students. These students copied the Spanish sailors and soldiers in the area by joining them in participation of pipe smoking. In particular they were interested in the novelty it brought, which was the taste of smoke. However, the only way to smoke tobacco was through a pipe. Popularity grew throughout and became a mainstream habit for the Dutch during this time. “In a relatively short period of time, from 1590 to 1650, the Dutch Republic had gone from being a country of non-smokers to being a tobaccophile of Europe.” Typically, these young folk did their smoking in smoking rooms or parlors, also known as “tobacco houses.” They smoked for social habit, usually with other smokers. “It took more than a century for this new practice to come into fashion.” The popularity of pipes grew interest in artists. Although pipes has once been associated with the lower class, it turned into a symbol of prestige and vanity. Images of pipes could be found in numerous painting during the time. For example, in Willem Buytewech’s painting The Merry Company (circa 1620–1622), there are three young men and a woman sitting around a table with a tobacco pipe lying in the middle. Additionally, in artist Adriaen Brouwer’s portrait The Smokers (1636), he too was interested in the pipe. The smokers in the painting are sucking on their pipes.

## Types

* Bowl (smoking), pipes of various designs for smoking cannabis
** Bong, also known as a water pipe
* Ceremonial pipe, used by some Native American peoples
* Chalice, a pipe used by Rastafari in cannabis rituals
* Chibouk, a long-stemmed Turkish tobacco pipe with a clay bowl, often ornamented with precious stones
* Chillum (pipe), conical smoking pipe originally from India
* Hookah, tall stemmed pipe in which the smoke is cooled and filtered by passing through water, also known as a water pipe
* Kiseru, Japanese pipe traditionally used for smoking finely shredded tobacco
* Love rose, a pipe for smoking crack cocaine
* Midwakh, small smoking pipe of Arabian origin
* Pizzo (pipe), a pipe designed for freebasing drugs
* Sebsi, traditional Moroccan smoking pipe
* TEC Pipe, Thermal electric cooling Pipe.
# Allianz SpA v West Tankers

Allianz SpA v West Tankers (Case C-185/07) is a preliminary ruling by the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) following a reference from the United Kingdom's House of Lords. The case stemmed from a 2000 incident in Syracuse (Italy), where the Front Comor, a vessel owned by West Tankers and chartered by Erg Petroli SpA (Erg), collided with a jetty also owned by Erg, causing damage to the jetty.
The CJEU's judgment, delivered on 10 February 2009, addressed the interplay between arbitration agreements and the Brussels Regulation. The Court held that the validity of arbitration agreements falls within the scope of the Brussels Regulation. Crucially, it also ruled that anti-suit injunctions, which aim to restrain a party from commencing or continuing proceedings in the court of another EU member state, cannot be granted if those proceedings are brought in a Brussels Regulation member state, even if they are in breach of an arbitration agreement.
The Court reasoned that such injunctions are incompatible with the principle of mutual trust between member states and would undermine the effectiveness of the Brussels Regulation. However, the ruling clarified that national courts can issue anti-suit injunctions against proceedings brought in courts outside the Brussels Regulation area.
# 1987 in Sri Lanka

The following lists events that happened during 1987 in Sri Lanka.

## Incumbents

* President – J. R. Jayewardene
* Prime Minister – Ranasinghe Premadasa
* Chief Justice – Suppiah Sharvananda

## Events

* Sri Lankan Civil War
** Eelam War I
** Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
* 1987–1989 JVP insurrection
* June – The Sri Lankan Army besieges the town Jaffna, civilian casualties begin to mount.
* 29 July – The Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord is signed in Colombo between Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President J. R. Jayewardene, thus bringing an end to the first phase of the Sri Lankan Civil War.
* July – Following the signing of the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord, the Indian Peace Keeping Force arrives in Sri Lanka. Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War begins.
* 29 September–8 October – 1987 anti-Sinhalese riots: Tamil mobs and the LTTE perpetuate a series of riots and massacres against Sinhalese civilians in the Eastern Province, resulting in the deaths of over 200 Sinhalese civilians and displacing thousands more.

## Births

* February 4 – Gayas Christopher, cricketer
# 1988 in Sri Lanka

The following lists events that happened during 1988 in Sri Lanka.

## Incumbents

* President: J. R. Jayewardene
* Prime Minister: Ranasinghe Premadasa
* Chief Justice: Suppiah Sharvananda (until 6 June); Parinda Ranasinghe (starting 6 June)

### Governors

* Governor of Central Province: E. L. B. Hurulle (starting June)
* Governor of North Central Province: Dingiri Bandara Welagedara (starting May)
* Governor of North Eastern Province: Nalin Seneviratne (starting 30 November)
* Governor of North Western Province: Dingiri Banda Wijetunga (starting 1 June)
* Governor of Sabaragamuwa: Noel Wimalasena (starting 30 April)
* Governor of Southern Province: Abdul Bakeer Markar (starting 13 June)
* Governor of Uva: P. C. Imbulana (starting May)
* Governor of Western Province: Suppiah Sharvananda (starting 6 June)

### Chief Ministers

* Chief Minister of Central Province: W. M. P. B. Dissanayake (starting 9 June)
* Chief Minister of North Central Province: G. D. Mahindasoma (starting 2 May)
* Chief Minister of North Eastern Province: Varatharaja Perumal (starting 10 December)
* Chief Minister of North Western Province: Gamini Jayawickrama Perera (starting 4 May)
* Chief Minister of Sabaragamuwa: G. V. Punchinilame (starting April)
* Chief Minister of Southern Province: M. S. Amarasiri (starting 16 June)
* Chief Minister of Uva: Percy Samaraweera (starting May)
* Chief Minister of Western Province: Susil Moonesinghe (starting 9 June)

## Events

* Sri Lankan Civil War
** Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
* 1987–1989 JVP insurrection
* 16 February – Assassination of Vijaya Kumaratunga: Sri Lankan politician and founder of the Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya Vijaya Kumaratunga is assassinated by an assassin of militant organization Deshapremi Janatha Vyaparaya while attempting to leave his home in Polhengoda.
* 19 December – 1988 Sri Lankan presidential election: Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa of the ruling United National Party is elected President of Sri Lanka, receiving 50.4% of all votes cast and defeating Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate Sirimavo Bandaranaike.

## Deaths

* 12 February – S. Nadarajah, Tamil lawyer and politician
* 16 February – Vijaya Kumaratunga, 42, actor and politician (b. 1945)
* 6 June – Chandra Fernando, 46, Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1942)
# Suter

Suter is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Alexis P. Suter (born 1963), American blues, and soul blues singer and songwriter
* Andrew Burn Suter (1830–1895), Bishop of the Diocese of Nelson, New Zealand
* Andrina Suter (born 1992), Swiss dressage rider
* August Suter (1887–1965), Swiss sculptor
* Bob Suter (1957–2014), American ice hockey defenceman
* Bob Suter (Australian footballer) (1928–2016), Australian rules footballer
* Bob Suter (English footballer) (1880–1945), English footballer
* Brent Suter (born 1989), American baseball player
* Corinne Suter (born 1994), Swiss Alpine skier
* Eskil Suter, Swiss motorcycle road racer and chassis constructor
* Fabienne Suter (born 1985), Swiss Alpine skier
* Fergus Suter (1857–1916), Scottish stonemason and footballer
* Gary Suter (born 1964), American ice hockey player
* Heinrich Suter (1848–1922), Swiss historian of science
* Heiri Suter (1899–1978), Swiss road racing cyclist
* Henry Suter (1841–1918), New Zealand zoologist, naturalist and paleontologist
* Hermann Suter (1870–1926) Swiss composer and conductor
* Keith Suter, Australian strategic planning consultant and futurist
* Jasmina Suter (born 1995), Swiss alpine skier
* Juliana Suter (born 1998), Swiss Alpine skier
* Johann Rudolf Suter (1766–1827), Swiss physician, botanist and philologist
* Martin Suter (born 1948), Swiss author
* Patric Suter (born 1977), Swiss hammer thrower
* Pius Suter (born 1996), Swiss ice hockey player
* Ryan Suter (born 1985), American ice hockey defenceman
* Steve Suter (born 1982), American college football wide receiver
* Vivian Suter (born 1949), Argentine painter
* William Suter (born 1937), American jurist
# Trehalosamine

Trehalosamines are amino sugars in which a hydroxyl group of trehalose is replaced with an amino group. While 2-, 3-, and 4-trehalosamine derived from actinomycetes have been reported as natural compounds, 6-trehalosamine has been reported as a synthetic compound. They have weak antimicrobial activity and could be considered as a class of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The properties and functions of 4-trehalosamine have been well investigated as follows.

## Protective activity

As "a trehalose possessing an amino group", trehalosamine shares many properties and characteristics in common with trehalose; in addition, unique functions due to the presence of an amino group are also suggested. Trehalose is used as a protective agent for starch, protein, cells, or tissues due to its non-reducing sugar moiety having lower non-specific reactivity than reducing sugars and high moisturizing and protective activities. In many cases, 4-trehalosamine exhibits these protective activities either comparable to or marginally higher than those of trehalose. In addition, 4-trehalosamine exhibits a strong pH buffering activity near neutrality, while trehalose does not have such ability. Therefore, it is expected to be added to foods and industrial products as a trehalose-type moisturizing and protective agent with pH buffering ability.

## Effects on living organisms

Trehalose is known to exhibit autophagy-inducing activity, anti-inflammatory activity, molecular chaperone activity, or antioxidant activity in a broad sense in vivo. It is being studied for use as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases and lifestyle-related diseases, as a medication, supplement, or as a prebiotic. However, as it is hydrolyzed in the body by trehalase, a trehalose-degrading enzyme, its physiological effect is limited. There is also concern that blood glucose levels may rise due to the generation of glucose as the degradation product. But, 4-trehalosamine is not degraded by human trehalase, and it has been confirmed in experiments with mice that it is non-toxic and does not raise blood sugar levels. For this reason, 4-trehalosamine is also attracting attention as a substitute for trehalose in these applications.

## As a starting material for synthesis of trehalose derivatives

Generally, saccharides have multiple hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and to systematically synthesize specific derivatives, complicated protocols such as repeated protection and deprotection are required. Although it is limited to the amino group site, various derivatives can be synthesized relatively easily by utilizing the reactivity different from that of the hydroxyl group of trehalosamine. Low-molecular-weight derivatives such as azide, surfactant IMCTA-C14, fluorescent or biotin-labeled derivatives have been developed so far, and application to the development of polymeric compounds containing periodic trehalose structures is also expected.
# Teatro degli Industri

The Teatro degli Industri is a theatre and opera house in Grosseto, Italy. It is the historic theatre of the city and one of the two municipal theatres together with the Teatro Moderno.

## History

An early theatre was opened in 1819 by the Accademia degli Industri and designed by engineer Giacomo Passerini. The building was entirely re-constructed between 1888 and 1892 by architect Augusto Corbi and engineer Ferdinando Ponticelli. The theatre was purchased by the Bernieri company in 1928 and then sold to the Municipality of Grosseto in 1938.
Turned into a cinema at the end of World War II, it was damaged by the 1966 Ombrone flood and later restored by architect Giuliano Bernardini. Another significant restoration work was carried out in 1990 and the theatre re-opened in 1997.

## Sources

* Mariagrazia Celuzza; Mauro Papa, eds. (2013). Grosseto visibile. Guida alla città e alla sua arte pubblica. Arcidosso: Edizioni Effigi.
* Innocenti, Mario; Innocenti, Elena (1993). Grosseto:briciole di storia. Cartoline e documenti d'epoca 1899-1944. Grosseto: Innocenti Editore.
* Santi, Bruno (2007). Guida storico-artistica alla Maremma. Itinerari culturali nella provincia di Grosseto. Siena: Nuova Immagine.
# Sergio Petrelli

Sergio Petrelli (born July 27, 1944 in Ascoli Piceno) is a former Italian professional footballer who played as a defender. He played for 8 seasons (138 games, 10 goals) in the Serie A for Hellas Verona F.C., A.S. Roma and S.S. Lazio.
During the season when he won the championship with Lazio, on the night before the Derby della Capitale game against A.S. Roma, some Roma fans went to the hotel where Lazio players were staying and began to make noise to disrupt Lazio's sleep. Petrelli was one of the players who fired some gunshots at the streetlights to scare them away. Petrelli previously played for Roma and even scored a goal for them in a previous edition of Derby della Capitale.

## Honours
### Lazio

* Serie A: 1973–74
# Parasiccia ochrorubens

Parasiccia ochrorubens is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Mabille in 1900. It is found on Madagascar.
# Pilu oil

Pilu oil is an extract from seeds of the Pilu tree (Salvadora persica), also known as the toothbrush tree. It is used for soaps, detergents, and resist dyeing.

## Characteristics

The oil comes from the seed and kernel. The percentage of the oil in seeds is 32-34%. The seed contains a brittle shell on the outer surface, and the kernel accounts for 60% in dried seed, containing 40-43% oil.
‘Sweet Variety’ of Pilu yields 35-44% oil which has a strong odour. The odour is due to the presence of Benzyl isothiocyanate in the oil. There is greenish yellow fat called Khakan fat. The purified fat is free from foul odour and has an agreeable taste. It is snow white. The oil is rich in lauric and myristic acids. It has a high melting point and a disagreeable odour that disappears on purification. The most important aspect of the oil is the presence of a low percentage of C8 and C10 fatty acids that are of great economic significance. The oil is an alternative source of oil for soap and detergent industries.
Physical Characteristics of Pilu Oil
| property | range |
| Refractive index 40 °C | 1.4465 |
| Saponification value | 251.2 |
| Iodine value | 15.6 |
| polenske value | 10.9 |
| Reichert-Meissl value | 5.9 |
| solidifying point | 31.1 °C |
| Specific gravity(35.5 °C/15.5 °C) | 0.9246 |
Fatty Acid Composition of Pilu Oil
| fatty acid | percentage |
| Capric acid(C10:0) | 1.0-1.5 |
| Lauric acid(C12:0) | 19.6-47.2 |
| Myristic acid(C14:0) | 28.4-54.5 |
| Palmitic acid(C16:) | 18.9-29.5 |
| Oleic acid(C18:1) | 5.5-12.0 |
| linoleic acid(C18:2) | 0.0-1.2 |

## Uses

The fat is used in soap, making up to 20% of the soap itself, and it replaces coconut oil. It is used as a resist in the dyeing industry. The oil is also used in rheumatic infection treatment.
In India Pilu fat is being used for soap making in the "unorganised" or cottage sector of the industry, particularly by the Non-Edible Oil Industry of the Khadi and Village Industries commission. The All India Non-Edible Oil Industry Association, Poona, are making soap with it. The oil has a bitter and sharp taste and may be used as a purgative diuretic, or tonic seed oil may be applied to the skin in rheumatism.
# Flapjack (oat bar)

A flapjack (also known as a cereal bar, oat bar or oat slice) is a baked bar, cooked in a flat oven tin and cut into squares or rectangles, made from rolled oats, fat (typically butter), brown sugar and usually golden syrup.
The North American granola bar is similar to a flapjack.

## Varieties

As well as being baked at home, they are widely available in shops, ready-packaged, often with extra ingredients such as chocolate, dried fruit such as glace cherries, nuts, yoghurt and toffee pieces or coatings, either as individual servings or full unsliced trayfuls. Some flapjacks may contain maple syrup. They are usually an alternative to a biscuit or cake, and textures range from soft and moist to dry and crisp. Because of the high levels of fat and calories in traditional recipes, some "diet" versions are available with lower fat and calorie content.

## History

The Oxford English Dictionary records the word "flapjack" being used as early as the beginning of the 16th century, although at this time it seems to have been a flat tart. Shakespeare refers to "flap-jacks" in Pericles, Prince of Tyre, but this is one of the many anachronisms in his historical plays and does not suggest that he thought it was a middle eastern dish, merely a common English dessert of the time:
    "Come, thou shant go home, and we'll have flesh for holidays, fish for fasting-days, and moreo'er puddings and flap-jacks, and thou shalt be welcome."
       Act II Scene I
Later, flapjack would be used to describe something similar to an apple flan, but it is not until 1935 that the word is first used to describe a food made of oats. In the United Kingdom, this usage has mostly superseded earlier recipes.

## Name

The food is called a flapjack in the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, Ireland, and Newfoundland. In other English-speaking countries, the same item is called by different names, such as cereal bar, oat bar or (in Australia and New Zealand) oat slice.
In the United States and Canada, "flapjack" is a widely-known but lesser-used term for pancake.
# Polish Democratic Society

The Polish Democratic Society (Polish: Towarzystwo Demokratyczne Polskie or TDP) was a radical constitutionalist political organization established in Paris by émigrés from the Kingdom of Poland in 1832. While not explicitly socialist with respect to their political program, the Democratic Society nonetheless was influenced by French Utopian socialist thinking of the era and advocated the right of citizens to own land or other means of production.
The Polish Democratic Society continued in existence into the decade of the 1840s, when it was a leading voice for revolution in Galicia. It is recognized as a forerunner of the Polish socialist movement which culminated in the establishment of the Polish Socialist Party.

## Organizational history
### Establishment

The Polish Democratic Society (TDP) was established in the Kingdom of Poland in March 1832. The first program of the TDP, a so-called "Small Manifesto," was adopted on March 17, 1832, in Paris by a pair of the group's founders, Tadeusz Krępowiecki and Aleksandr Puławski. These individuals traced their organizational roots to earlier activity in the Polish National Committee established in 1831.

### Program

The TDP argued for the need of drastic reforms in reconstituted Poland and published an official newspaper, Demokrata Polski (The Polish Democrat). The group gained support for its cause through its official slogan, "Everything by the People and for the People."
In 1846, some members of the Polish Democratic Society participated in the Kraków uprising. Other notable activists included Stanisław Worcell and Ludwik Mierosławski.

### Termination

The TDP was eventually disbanded in 1862.