OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Algimantas Šalna

Algimantas Šalna (also transliterated Shalna, born 12 September 1959) is a former Lithuanian, Soviet biathlete.
Šalna won gold medals during the World Championships as a relayist in 1983 and 1985. As a member of the Soviet relay team, he won a gold medal at the 1984 Winter Olympics – he was the first Lithuanian-born athlete to win a medal in the Winter Olympics. As an individual he placed fifth in its 10 km competition. He moved to the U.S. in 1991 and coached the U.S. Olympic biathlon teams of 1994, 1998, 2002, and 2006. In 2012 Šalna opened a bagel shop in Burlington, Vermont called The Bagel Place.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

1 medal (1 gold)
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Relay |
| 1984 Sarajevo | — | 5th | Gold |

### World Championships

2 medals (2 gold)
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Team | Relay |
| 1982 Minsk | 14th | 11th | — | — |
| 1983 Antholz-Anterselva | 20th | 7th | — | Gold |
| 1985 Ruhpolding | 9th | 17th | — | Gold |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
    **Team was added as an event in 1989.

### Individual victories

4 victories (1 In, 3 Sp)
| Season | Date | Location | Discipline | Level |
| 1982–83 3 victories (1 In, 2 Sp) | 11 February 1983 | Antholz-Anterselva | 10 km sprint | Biathlon World Cup |
| 1982–83 3 victories (1 In, 2 Sp) | 4 March 1983 | Lahti | 10 km sprint | Biathlon World Cup |
| 1982–83 3 victories (1 In, 2 Sp) | 5 March 1983 | Lahti | 20 km individual | Biathlon World Cup |
| 1983–84 1 victory (1 Sp) | 7 January 1984 | Falun | 10 km sprint | Biathlon World Cup |
    *Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.
# Tomas Kaukėnas

Tomas Kaukėnas (born 1 May 1990) is a Lithuanian biathlete. He competes at the Biathlon World Cup. Kaukėnas best result in the World Championships is 22nd place in sprint event in 2013.
In 2014 Kaukėnas was selected to represent Lithuania in 2014 Winter Olympic Games.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

0 medals
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay |
| 2014 Sochi | 23rd | 48th | 40th | — | — | — |
| 2018 Pyeongchang | 78th | 17th | 13th | 30th | — | 19th |
| 2022 Beijing | 70th | 80th | — | — | 14th | — |

### World Championships

0 medals
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay | Single Mixed relay |
| 2011 Khanty-Mansiysk | 74th | 60th | 59th | — | 25th | — | — |
| 2012 Ruhpolding | 74th | 62nd | — | — | 21st | 25th | — |
| 2013 Nové Město na Moravě | 23rd | 22nd | 38th | 29th | 25th | 25th | — |
| 2015 Kontiolahti | 73rd | 60th | 56th | — | 23rd | 23rd | — |
| 2016 Oslo | 70th | 21st | 47th | — | 23rd | 23rd | — |
| 2017 Hochfilzen | 46th | 31st | 41st | — | 25th | — | — |
| 2019 Östersund | 63rd | 55th | DNS | — | 21st | 24th | — |
| 2020 Antholz-Anterselva | 74th | 62nd | — | — | 24th | — | — |
| 2021 Pokljuka | 52nd | 75th | — | — | 25th | — | 24th |
| 2023 Oberhof | 34th | 70th | — | — | 16th | — | 21st |
| 2024 Nové Město na Moravě | 70th | 43rd | LAP | — | 20th | — | — |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
    **The single mixed relay was added as an event in 2019.
# Clara Barton Schoolhouse

The Clara Barton Schoolhouse is a historical site in Bordentown, New Jersey, where Clara Barton founded the first free public school in New Jersey.

## Background

At age 16 she was examined by noted phrenologists, the Fowler brothers, who recommended she become a schoolteacher to alleviate her shyness. At age 17 she started her career, teaching for 12 years in the Oxford area of Massachusetts, where there was free public education. She spent a year doing study at the Clinton Liberal Institute in Clinton, New York. After a year teaching in Hightstown, New Jersey, and hearing about the "deplorable" level of education in neighboring Bordentown, she moved there with a friend in 1852 to teach. In 1852 she established the first free New Jersey public school in Bordentown. She started with six "notoriously bad boys of the town" in a one-room school, and within a year there were 600 students under her direction. To accommodate the extra students, a new and larger schoolhouse was built in 1853. When a man was hired as principal at twice her salary, she resigned. Barton later became famous for her humanitarian work with Civil War soldiers and founding the American Red Cross.

## Schoolhouse

The building predates its use by the school, as manifested by an 1839 stone. In 1852 the schoolhouse was noted to be dilapidated and after the new school was built it fell in disuse. In 1919 it was sold at a sheriff's auction for $300 to a couple that believed it should be preserved. In 1920 it was sold to the New Jersey State Board of Education for $1 on the condition that it would be “in trust for and [o]n behalf of the Schoolchildren of the State of New Jersey and to be forever preserved as a memorial of Clara Barton, deceased.” It was then turned over to the Bordentown Historical Society. In 1921 there was a restoration of the school, largely funded by school children and teacher donations. A letter had been sent to the students and teachers of New Jersey asking for “not more than a penny from each student and not more than a nickel from each teacher.” In 2021 another restoration was started, and will last through 2025. The goal of this restoration is to restore it to its 1921 appearance. There is not enough documentation of the 1852 structure to allow its appearance to recreate the original. It is in the Bordentown Historic District, admission is by appointment.
# Sinatruces of Parthia

Sinatruces (also spelled Sinatrukes or Sanatruces) was king of the Parthian Empire from c. 75 BC to c. 69 BC. Some sources (incl. G. R. Farhad Assar and Edward Dąbrowa) indicate that he could have been a son of the Parthian ruler Mithridates I (r. 171–132 BC), and a half-brother of Phraates II. David Sellwood, historian, designates Sinatruces as a probably younger brother of Mithridates I. Sinatruces was succeeded by his son Phraates III.

## Reign

The Parthian Empire had since the death of Mithridates II (r. 124–88 BC) fallen into a state of turmoil and decline; the authority of the crown had decreased, while the empire lost lands to its neighbours. Sinatruces, who originally resided amongst the Saka of Central Asia, took advantage of the chaotic situation in the empire, and with the aid of the Saka captured the Parthian throne in c. 75 BC, at the age of eighty. The name of the Arsacid branch established by Sinatruces on the Parthian throne has been coined by the modern historian Marek Jan Olbrycht as the "Sinatrucids", which ruled the Parthian Empire till 12 AD. The Sinatrucid family was notably supported by the Suren clan of Sakastan.
During Sinatruces' reign, the Artaxiad king of Armenia, Tigranes the Great (r. 95–55 BC), took advantage of the weakness of the Parthians, and retook the "seventy valleys" he had previously ceded to Mithridates II, and also went to conquer the Parthian domains of Media Atropatene, Gordyene, Adiabene, Osroene, and northern Mesopotamia. Sinatruces died in 69 BC and was succeeded by his son Phraates III. Contemporary historian, Saghi Gazerani, has come up with the hypothesis that the story of the legendary Iranian monarch, Zav Tahmasp, contains echoes of the life of Sinatruces.

## Coinage

On the obverse of his coins, Sinatruces is portrayed with a tiara decorated with a line of stags. The stags are a reference to the religious symbolism of the Saka, who had helped him ascend the throne. Sinatruces' son Phraates III also made use of stag symbols on his coins.
# Buteo chimborazoensis

Buteo chimborazoensis is an extinct species of Buteo that lived in Ecuador during the Pleistocene epoch.
# Rosedale (Washington, North Carolina)

Rosedale, also known as Wharton House, is a historic plantation house located near Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina. It is a large 2+1⁄2-story, frame dwelling with Greek Revival and Italianate style design elements. It was built as the home of David Bradley Perry, a prominent Beaufort County planter, and later inherited by United States Congressman and Mrs. John Humphrey Small.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
# Mellowpark

The Mellowpark in Berlin is Europe's biggest outdoor sportpark for skateboarder and for BMX biker.

## Details

| hectare | yearly visitors | publisher |
| 1 | 20.000 | All eins e.v. |

## History

The "All 1" moved to an old cable factory in 1999 when its previous site at the "Allende Viertel" was redeveloped for housing. It was planned as a sports and teens project and won the 1999 & 2000 city contest "Teens Build the New Berlin" (Jugend entwicklet das neue Berlin).
Mellowpark grew very fast and is now the biggest Outdoor Skaterpark in Europe. To the year 2008 the park was used by more than 20,000 people a year. The Youth Welfare Office sponsored Mellowpark with over €75,000 (USD $115,000) annually. The Berner Group, a private investor, bought the place next to Mellowpark and planned a project for loft apartments. The Berner Group wanted Mellowpark to be closed as few people would want to live next to a skatepark.
It was decided in June 2008, after two demonstrations and a year-long petition collection, the City of Berlin decided that Mellowpark would close on December 31, 2008. Later that month, the City of Berlin announced Mellowpark would be moved to a new location, opposite the football stadium of 1. FC Union Berlin and the river Spree, address: An der Wuhlheide.
The new Mellowpark was opened in August 2012 with the event "Highway to Hill 2012".

## Events

| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
| "Mellowpark Jam" "Highway to Hill" "BMX Dirt Contest" "BMX Lake Jump Contest" | "Highway to Hill" "Mellowpark Jam" "European King of Dirt" "Crossroads Streetjam" "Beach Party @ Mellowpark" "Ready to Rock Streetjam" "Presentation of futurevisions / Designing of the Project Mellowpark" | "Road*Star BMX-Jam" "Red Bull Local Hero Tour" "Highway to Hill" "Carnival of the Cultures" "Bin Baden - BMX Lake Jump Contest" "Mellowpark Jam" "European King of Dirt" "Crossroads Streetjam" "GERMAN OPEN - German BMX Championship" "Beatheadz" | "Road*Star BMX-Jam" "Highway to Hill" "B-Berlin Open" "Red Bull Local Hero Tour" "The big eating" "Ladiez First" "Berlin City Games - Palast der Republik" | "Road*Star BMX-Jam" "Carnival of the Cultures" "Highway to Hill" "Mellowpark Jam" "rebeljam - unfiltered bmx" "Ladiez 1st" "Globe Skateboard Team @ Mellowpark" "kidsfestival" "Berlin City Games - Dresdener Bahnhof" | "Ladiez 1st" "Highway to Hill" "Carnival of the Cultures" "Marshmellow Jam" "Final Mellowpark Soccer League" "Red Bull Local Hero Tour" "Three Amigos Skateboard Contest" "rebeljam - unfiltered bmx" "Berlin City Games - Parochialkirche" | "highway to hill" "c.o.s cup" "kidsfestival" "rebeljam" "marshmellow jam" "DRAGONFESTIVAL" | "Highway to Hill" "SUMMERCLASH" "Family meets Mellowp" "GERMAN OPEN" |

## Partners/Sponsors

| Sponsors Eastpak Felt Bicycles Adidas Titus Carhartt Red Bull | Partners 030 magazin of Berlin Audio Berlin Massive Best Sabel Touristikakademie Cafe HdJK (Café im Haus der Jugend Köpenick) Deutsche Kinder- und Jugendstiftung Fatbmx | Fine Lines Gsub Messe Berlin Musicmediapark Praxis-Nah e.V. Roof BMX Star.FM Uncle Sally's |
# Steve Spangler

Steve Spangler (born December 8, 1966) is an American television personality, author and STEM teacher. He was the CEO of Steve Spangler Science until 2018 when the company was sold to Really Good Stuff, LLC, a division of Excelligence Learning Corporation. Spangler posted the first Diet Coke and Mentos video on YouTube in September 2005 and his 2002 televised demonstration of the eruption went viral, launching a chain of several other Diet Coke and Mentos experiment viral videos. He earned two Heartland Emmy Awards and a total of five Emmy nominations. Spangler is an inductee of the National Speakers Association Speaker Hall of Fame.

## Career
### Education work

Spangler's career began as a science teacher in the Cherry Creek School District in Colorado.
In 1992, Spangler began working as an adjunct faculty member at the Regis University in the Department of Chemistry. He was the Executive Director of the National Hands-on Science Institute until 2001.

### Television work

During his first year of teaching, a producer from the Denver, Colorado NBC affiliate KCNC-TV offered Spangler a position as a science host on News for Kids after seeing him perform a science demonstration show at a public event. News for Kids premiered in 1991 and was picked up for national syndication in 1993, airing in 185 cities every Saturday morning. After six seasons, Spangler produced 220 segments that featured simple science experiments that viewers could easily recreate at home.
In 2001, Spangler joined the Denver NBC affiliate, KUSA-TV 9NEWS as their Science Education Contributor.
The Diet Coke and Mentos eruption experiment was first televised by Spangler in 2002 and became popular on the Internet in 2005. More than a thousand videos appeared online replicating the experiment. Spangler was nominated for the Time 100 in 2007 because of the experiment. He signed a licensing agreement with Perfetti Van Melle, the maker of MENTOS, in 2006 and developed a line of toys to be used with the experiment.

### Other work

Spangler is the author of seven books: Down to a Science, Taming the Tornado Tube, Bounce No Bounce, Fizz Factor, Secret Science, Naked Eggs and Flying Potatoes, Fire Bubbles and Exploding Toothpaste.
Spangler also runs the Sick Science! YouTube channel and a TikTok account.

## Awards

Spangler received a Heartland Emmy Award in 1997 for his contribution the television program News for Kids. In 2010, he received a Heartland Emmy Award for Spangler Science - Weather and Science Day at Coors Field. Spangler also received a Guinness World Record for the largest physics lesson.
Spangler was inducted into the National Speakers Association's Speaker Hall of Fame in 2010.
In October 2011, Spangler was selected as one of 100 initial partners for the YouTube Original Channel Initiative and received funding for the production of new original programming. Spangler's YouTube show, The Spangler Effect, debuted February 1, 2012.

## Personal life

Steve Spangler was born on December 8, 1966, in Denver, Colorado. He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a dual degree in chemistry and humanities in 1989. Spangler has three sons.
# Lerner

Lerner may refer to:

## Organizations

* Lerner Enterprises, a real estate company in Washington, D.C.
* Lerner New York, the former name of the New York & Company clothing chain
* Lerner Newspapers, a former newspaper chain in Chicago
* Lerner Publishing Group, a publisher of children's literature based in Minneapolis

## Other uses

* Lerner (surname), a surname; includes list of people with the name
* "Lerner Exchange," an illegal maneuver figuring in the conviction of ex-media baron Conrad Black
* Lerner index, a measure of a firm's market power
* Lerner Theatre, a historic theatre in Elkhart, Indiana, US
# Ian McGuire

Ian McGuire (born 1964) is an English author and academic. In 1996 he joined the University of Manchester as a lecturer in American Literature and later lectured in Creative Writing. He was co-director of the Centre for New Writing and is currently a Senior Lecturer.

## Career

McGuire is from Hull, East Yorkshire and studied at the University of Manchester. Later he received a MA from the University of Sussex then a Ph.D. in 19th Century American Literature from the University of Virginia. He has published stories in the Paris Review and Chicago Review among others. He has published articles on Walt Whitman, Herman Melville and William Dean Howells, and his sphere of interest is the American realist tradition from 1880s onwards. His biography of Richard Ford, an American short story writer, "... argues that Ford’s work is best understood as a form of pragmatic realism and thus positions him as part of a deeply rooted and ongoing American debate about the nature of realism and pragmatism." His novel The North Water's strength "lies in its well-researched detail and persuasive descriptions of the cold, violence, cruelty and the raw, bloody business of whale-killing."

## Personal life

Ian McGuire is married and lives with his wife and two children in Manchester.

## Awards

The North Water was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize 2016
The North Water New York Times 10 Best Books of 2016
The North Water Royal Society of Literature Encore Award
Historical Writers' Association Gold Crown Award
# Rozalex

Rozalex was a brand of Rozalex Limited, a subsidiary of the Chloride Electrical Storage Company credited with being the first company in the United Kingdom to commercialise topical barrier cream for use in an industrial setting.
The cream was originally developed for use in their Exide works at Clifton Junction near Manchester. Battery manufacture was labour-intensive and used hazardous materials, so skin irritation and contact dermatitis were rife among workers. Chloride began researching and developing a barrier cream that could help protect workers and increase productivity.

## Company history

The company was founded in 1929 as a spin-off of The Chloride Electrical Storage Co. Ltd.
In 1969, Newton, Chambers & Company acquired Rozalex Limited and the brand sat along other household names such as IZAL and Zalpon.
In 1972, Newton, Chambers & Co was acquired by the Central & Sheerwood Trust, an Investment banking and financial services group.
In 1973, Central & Sheerwood Trust sold the IZAL operation, which included Rozalex, to Sterling Winthrop's, Sterling Industrial.
In 1981, Sterling Industrial acquired the Kerodex range of industrial barrier creams and merged them into the Rozalex Range.
In 1987, Unilever acquired Sterling Industrial strategically to push into the business-to-business hygiene, janitorial, and floor care sectors.
In 2002, Unilever sold the main equity share of its business-to-business division (Lever Industrial-DiverseyLever) to SC Johnson to form JohnsonDiversey.
In 2008, JohnsonDiversey divested the Rozalex brand to Present Value Limited, and Rozalex Limited was reinstated.
In 2010, Rozalex sponsored the Ginetta G50 car of the Barwell Motorsport team in the 2010 British Touring Car Championship TOCA series driven by Julien Draper.
In 2011, Rozalex sponsored the Barwell Motorsport team's Aston Martin GT4 car at the 2011 British GT Championship, driven by Peter Erceg and Tiff Needell.
In 2011, Rozalex sponsored the Greenpower Education Trust promoting sustainable engineering to young people.
In 2011, Rozalex teamed up with Goodwood to supply limited edition tins of handcare products for the 2011 Goodwood Revival.
In 2012, Present Value divested the Rozalex brand to Hughen Limited. Rozalex is currently a fully trading subsidiary of Hughen Limited.
In 2013, Rozalex launched a new Pouch Dispensing System (PDS) for the Industrial / Engineering / Automotive / Marine / Construction and Energy sectors.
# Fateh Daud Lodi

Abul Fateh Daud Lodi was a ruler from the Lodi dynasty of Multan who ruled the Emirate of Multan. He was deposed by Mahmud of Ghazni, who also massacred the Ismailis in the course of his conquest of Multan. He was grandson of Shaikh Hamid Lodi founder of Lodi dynasty of Multan.
Fateh Daud fled to a fort where he immured himself and was finally pardoned by Mahmud of Ghazni on the promise of payment of ransom. Abul Fatah Daud offered a yearly tribute of 200,000 golden dirhams and conversion from Shia Ismaili fiqh to Sunni Hanafi fiqh. The terms were accepted, and Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi also exacted two million dirhams from the population of Multan by force.
   "Despite the hostilities of the Ghaznavids and their successors, Ismailism survived in Sindh and later received the protection of the Soomras, who ruled independently from Thatta, for almost three centuries starting from 1051 AD."
# Venda

Venda (/ˈvɛndə/ VEN-də) or Tswetla, officially the Republic of Venda (Venda: Riphabuliki ya Venḓa; Afrikaans: Republiek van Venda), was a Bantustan in northern South Africa. It was fairly close to the South African border with Zimbabwe to the north, while, to the south and east, it shared a long border with another black homeland, Gazankulu. It is now part of the Limpopo province. Venda was founded by the South African government as a homeland for the Venda people, speakers of the Venda language. The United Nations and international community refused to recognise Venda (or any other Bantustan) as an independent state.

## History

Venda was declared self-governing on 1 February 1973, with elections held later in the year. Further elections were held in July 1978. The territory was declared independent by the South African government on 13 September 1979, and its residents lost their South African citizenship. In common with the other Bantustans, its independence was not recognised by the international community.
Venda was initially a series of non-contiguous territories in the Transvaal, with one main part and one main exclave. Its capital, formerly at Sibasa, was moved to Thohoyandou (which included the old Sibasa administrative district) when Venda was declared independent in 1979. Prior to independence, it was expanded to form one contiguous territory, with a total land area of 6,807 km$^2$ (2628 sq. mi.). In the 1984 elections, the ruling Venda National Party retained its position as ruling party, beating the perpetual opposition Venda Independent People's Party (VIPP).
At independence in 1979, the population of Venda stood at about 200,000 people. The state was cut off from neighbouring Zimbabwe by the Madimbo corridor, patrolled by South African troops, to the north, and from nearby Mozambique by the Kruger National Park.
The first President of Venda, Patrick Mphephu, was also a Paramount Chief of the Vhavenda people; he was born and lived in Dzanani in Limpopo. His successor, Frank Ravele, was overthrown in a military coup by the Venda Defence Force in 1990. Afterwards, the territory was ruled by the Council of National Unity, a military junta chaired by General Gabriel Ramushwana. Venda was re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994.

## Institutions of education

In 1982, the University of Venda, known as Univen, was established as an institution of higher learning for the Vhavenda people.

## Districts in 1991

Districts of the province and population at the 1991 census.
* Dzanani: 123,035
* Mutale: 244,532
* Thohoyandou: 136,089
* Vuwani: 55,141

## Security forces

The Venda National Force was established with Venda's independence in 1979 and included defence and other services such as police and prisons. Strangely enough, traffic policing was part of this national force, but, by 1981, it was transferred to the Department of Justice. The Fire Brigade was, however, still part of the Venda National Force, although there were plans to transfer this to the civilian government.