OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dimethoxyethane

Dimethoxyethane, also known as glyme, monoglyme, dimethyl glycol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve, and DME, is a colorless, aprotic, and liquid ether that is used as a solvent, especially in batteries. Dimethoxyethane is miscible with water.

## Production

Monoglyme is produced industrially by the reaction of dimethylether with ethylene oxide:
    CH$_3$OCH$_3$ + CH$_2$CH$_2$O → CH$_3$OCH$_2$CH$_2$OCH$_3$

## Applications as solvent and ligand

Together with a high-permittivity solvent (e.g. propylene carbonate), dimethoxyethane is used as the low-viscosity component of the solvent for electrolytes of lithium batteries. In the laboratory, DME is used as a coordinating solvent.
Dimethoxyethane is often used as a higher-boiling-point alternative to diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Dimethoxyethane acts as a bidentate ligand for some metal cations. It is therefore often used in organometallic chemistry. Grignard reactions and hydride reductions are typical application. It is also suitable for palladium-catalyzed reactions including Suzuki reactions and Stille couplings. Dimethoxyethane is also a good solvent for oligo- and polysaccharides.
Sodium naphthalide dissolved in dimethoxyethane is used as a PTFE etching solution that removes fluorine atoms from the surface, which get replaced by oxygen, hydrogen, and water. This physically etches the surface as well to prepare the surface for better adhesion.
# Bogue Culley

Bogue Culley is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
Bogue Culley is a name derived from either the Choctaw language or Chickasaw language and it most likely means "spring creek". A variant name is "Bogue Gulley".
# Hans Hömberg

Hans Hömberg (14 December 1903 – 4 July 1982) was a German playwright, journalist, novelist and screenwriter. Hömberg worked occasionally on feature film scripts, and supplied the idea for Alexis Granowsky's 1931 comedy film The Trunks of Mr. O.F. (1931). Hömberg enjoyed a successful stage career, his biggest hit being Cherries for Rome (1940) although he faced censorship issues with some of his works.
During the Nazi era he also wrote film reviews. He wrote the novelisation of the controversial anti-Semitic 1940 film Jud Süß directed by Veit Harlan.

## Selected filmography

* The Trunks of Mr. O.F. (1931)
* A Woman With Power of Attorney (1934)
* Don't Lose Heart, Suzanne! (1935)
* Much Ado About Nixi (1942)
* His Royal Highness (1953)

## Plays

* Cherries for Rome (1940)
* Napoleon in Corsica (1945)
# Ramiro Ruiz Rodríguez

Ramiro Ruiz Rodríguez (born 21 March 2000) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético Tucumán.

## Professional career

Ruiz Rodríguez made his professional debut with Atlético Tucumán in a 2-2 Argentine Primera División tie with Lanús on 23 February 2020. He scored his first professional goal against Racing Club de Avellaneda on November 1, 2020.
# Admiral of the Realm

Admiral of the Realm was a military and political title given to nobles in Denmark-Norway (Danish: Rigsadmiral), Sweden (Swedish: Riksamiral) and Holy Roman Empire (German: Reichsadmiral).

## Denmark-Norway and Sweden

Almost at the same time in the 1570s, both Sweden and in Denmark-Norway created the Admiral of the Realm, and almost simultaneously it was abolished in both kingdoms in the 1670s again. In both kingdoms the Admiral of the Realm was Supreme Commander of all naval forces and chairman of the admiralty. Like the Marshal of the Realm, the Reichsadmiral was also one of the treasures of the country. As a member of the Privy Council, he was comparable to a senior government official, such as a minister of the navy.

### Denmark-Norway

Commander-in-chiefs (Danish: øverste kaptajn) of the Danish-Norwegian fleets, appointed by the King, had existed since the beginning of the 16th century. In 1576, Peder Munk was appointed the first time Admiral of the Realm (Danish: Rigsens Admiral, Rigets Admiral or Rigsadmiral) for Denmark-Norway. The position was created to serve as Commander-in-chief of the navy.

#### List of Danish Admirals of the Realm

Acting
| Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Ref. |
| Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Appointed | Dismissed | Time in office | Ref. |
| | Peder Munk (1534–1623) | 1576 | January 1609 | 32–33 years | |
| | Mogens Ulfeldt (1569–1616) | January 1609 | 15 June 1616 † | 7 years, 5 months | |
| | Albret Skeel (1572–1639) | 1 December 1616 | 1623 | 6–7 years | |
| | Claus Daa (1579–1641) | 25 July 1630 | 30 March 1641 † | 10 years, 8 months | |
| | Jørgen Vind [da] (1593–1644) | April 1643 | 8 July 1644 † | 1 year, 3 months | |
| | Ove Gjedde (1594–1660) | 19 March 1645 | 19 December 1660 † | 15 years, 9 months | |
| | Henrik Bielke (1615–1683) | December 1660 | May 1662 | 1 year, 5 months | |
| | Henrik Bielke (1615–1683) | May 1662 | 16 March 1683 † | 20 years, 10 months | |

### Sweden

The Swedish Admiral of the Realm (Swedish: Riksamiral) was a prominent and influential office in Sweden, from c. 1571 until 1676, excluding periods when the office was out of use. The office holder was a member of the Swedish Privy Council and the head of the navy and Admiralty of Sweden. From 1634, the Lord High Admiral was one of five Great Officers of the Realm.
# Perpetual Peace (532)

The Perpetual Peace or the Treaty of Eternal Peace (Greek: ἀπέραντος εἰρήνη), signed in 532 between the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire and Sassanid Persia, was a peace treaty of indefinite duration, which concluded the Iberian War (527–531) between the two powers. It heralded a period of relatively cordial relations, but lasted only until 540, when hostilities resumed over the control of Lazica.

## History

The Iberian War, which had been provoked by the uprising of the Iberians against the Persians in 524/5, had been largely indecisive: the Persians swiftly crushed the revolt, but were unable to make any gains in Byzantine territory except for two forts, Scanda and Sarapanis, in Lazica. The Byzantines had recovered from some early reversals to inflict two major defeats on the Persians in 530 at Dara and Satala. In their aftermath, they gained the two border forts of Bolum and Pharangium in Persarmenia, but were in turn defeated at Callinicum in 531. Throughout these conflicts, periods of truce and negotiations were interspersed with campaigns, but these had led to no concrete results.
With the death of the Persian shahanshah Kavadh I (r. 488–531) in late 531, however, and the accession of his third son Khosrau I (r. 531–579), the situation changed: Khosrau's domestic position was insecure, while on the Byzantine side, Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) was perhaps already more focused on recovering the lost western half of the Roman Empire than in pursuing war against Persia. The Byzantine envoys Rufinus, Hermogenes, Alexander and Thomas found Khosrau in a more conciliatory disposition than his father, and an agreement was soon reached. Justinian would pay 110 centenaria (11,000 pounds) of gold, ostensibly as a contribution to the defence of the Caucasus passes against the barbarians living beyond, and the base of the dux Mesopotamiae would be withdrawn from the fortress of Dara to the city of Constantina. The two rulers would recognize once again each other as equal and pledged mutual assistance. Khosrau initially refused to hand back the two Lazic forts, while demanding the return of the two other forts the Byzantines had captured in Persian Armenia. Justinian at first agreed, but soon changed his mind, causing the agreement to be broken off. In summer 532, however, a new embassy by Hermogenes and Rufinus managed to persuade Khosrau for a full exchange of the occupied forts, as well as for allowing the exiled Iberian rebels to either remain in the Byzantine Empire or return unmolested to their homes.
The next few years were marked by a remarkably cordial atmosphere and cooperation between the Middle East's two great powers. During that time, however, as Justinian focused his energy and resources in his wars of reconquest against the Vandals and in Italy against the Goths, the defenses of the East were neglected. This presented a golden opportunity for Khosrau, who, urged by Gothic envoys and anxious to fill his depleted state coffers with booty, began a new war in summer 540.
# Bogue Falema Creek

Bogue Falema Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to Potterchitto Creek.
Bogue Falema is a name derived from the Choctaw language perhaps meaning "branch or prong of a stream". Variant names are "Bogue", "Boguefelema Creek", "Felammie Creek", and "Philemma Creek".
# Bucks County Playhouse

The Bucks County Playhouse is located in New Hope, Pennsylvania.
When the Hope Mills burned in 1790, Benjamin Parry rebuilt the grist mills as the New Hope Mills. The town was renamed for the mills.
The building was saved from demolition in the 1930s. It was purchased and run by a group of people including playwrights Moss Hart and Kenyon Nicholson. Renovations converting the building into a theater began in 1938. The first production at the new Bucks County Playhouse was Springtime for Henry featuring Edward Everett Horton. It opened on July 1, 1939.
The Bucks County Playhouse became a summer theater. It was the starting point for many actors and became a place where plays slated for Broadway were tried out. Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park, starring Robert Redford and Elizabeth Ashley, had its premiere at the theater in 1963.
The Bucks County Playhouse Conservancy, a public/private partnership, raised sufficient funds to regain the property following a 2010 foreclosure. Following an extensive renovation, the theater reopened on July 2, 2012.
# Juergen Penker

Juergen Penker (born October 17, 1982) is an Austrian ice hockey goaltender who participated at the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Austria men's national ice hockey team.
# Hung (surname)

Hung is a non-pinyin romanisation of multiple Chinese surnames, based on different varieties of Chinese.

## Romanisations of 洪 and 红

Hung is the Mandarin Wade–Giles romanisation of multiple surnames spelled in pinyin as Hóng (洪, 红, 弘). The first two of those surnames are also spelled Hung in Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation (the latter is spelled Wang).

## Cantonese romanisation of 熊

Hung is a Cantonese romanisation of the surname spelled in pinyin as Xióng (熊). People with this surname include:
* Hung Yan-yan (熊欣欣; born 1965), Hong Kong martial artist
* Lynn Hung (熊黛林; born 1980), Hong Kong model and actress

## Cantonese romanisation of 孔

Hung is a Cantonese romanisation of the surname spelled in pinyin as Kǒng (孔). People with this surname include:
* Susan Tse (Hung Ling-fook 孔令馥; born 1953), Hong Kong television actress
* William Hung (孔慶翔; born 1983), Hong Kong-born American former singer

## Other

* Adelaida Pérez Hung (born 1959), Cuban actress and radio announcer
* María Hung (born 1960), Venezuelan swimmer
* Ling-Yue Hung (born 1964), Hong Kong curler
* Hung Kai-chun (黃楷峻; born 1987), Taiwanese football midfielder
* Jenny Hung (born 1991), Taiwanese-born New Zealand table tennis player
* Francesca Hung (born 1994), Miss Universe Australia 2018 and Top 20 Miss Universe 2018
# Rene Swette

Rene Swette (born August 21, 1988) is an Austrian professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently playing for HC TWK Innsbruck of the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL). He participated at the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Austria men's national ice hockey team.
# 1938 Chico State Wildcats football team

The 1938 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College—now known as California State University, Chico—as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1938 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Roy Bohler, Chico State compiled an overall record of 2–5–1 with a mark of 0–2–1 in conference play, tying for fourth place in the FWC. The team was outscored by its opponents 95 to 53 for the season. The Wildcats played home games at College Field in Chico, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 1 | | at Cal Poly* | Mustang StadiumSan Luis Obispo, CA | L 7–14 | |
| October 8 | | at Nevada | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | L 0–22 | |
| October 15 | | San Francisco State* | College FieldChico, CA | W 14–6 | |
| October 22 | | Cal Aggies | College FieldChico, CA | T 0–0 | |
| October 29 | | Humboldt State* | College FieldChico, CA | L 6–13 | |
| November 5 | | at Southern Oregon Normal* | Walter E. Phillips Field?Ashland, OR | W 13–0 | |
| November 11 | 2:00 p.m. | at Sacramento* | Sacramento StadiumSacramento, CA | L 0–20 | 3,000 |
| November 24 | | Pacific (CA) | College FieldChico, CA | L 13–20 | |
| *Non-conference gameAll times are in Pacific time |||||||
# Reality (Tackhead song)

"Reality" is a single by the industrial hip-hop group Tackhead, released in January 1988 on On-U Sound Records.

## Formats and track listing

All songs written by Gary Clail, Keith LeBlanc, Skip McDonald, Adrian Sherwood and Doug Wimbish

### UK 12" single (ON-U DP 19)

* "Reality" – 5:55
* "Life & Dreams" – 3:27

## Charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| UK Indie Chart | 3 |
# Leo Elthon

Leo Elthon (June 9, 1898 – April 16, 1967) was the 32nd Governor of Iowa from November 21, 1954 to January 13, 1955. Elthon had been elected the Lieutenant Governor of Iowa in November 1952, and filled the unexpired term of Governor William S. Beardsley, who died in office.

## Biography

Elthon attended the Augsburg Seminary, Iowa State University, and Hamilton College (Iowa). He became a schoolteacher and school principal. From 1932 until his election as lieutenant governor in 1952, he was a member of the Iowa Senate. After leaving office as governor, he returned to his duties as lieutenant governor until 1957. He then served as mayor of Fertile, Iowa (1958–63) and again in the state Senate (1963–65). He is interred at the Brushpoint cemetery in his hometown of Fertile, Iowa.
# Chesapeake Beach, Northumberland County, Virginia

37°50′27″N 76°15′01″W﻿ / ﻿37.84083°N 76.25028°W﻿ / 37.84083; -76.25028
Chesapeake Beach is an unincorporated community in Northumberland County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Nicolás Laméndola

Nicolás Emanuel Laméndola (born 12 December 1998) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Atlético Tucumán.

## Career

Laméndola came through the youth ranks at Atlético Tucumán. He was promoted into their senior set-up in early 2020, as he appeared on the substitute's bench for a Primera División home draw with Lanús on 22 February. He didn't come on that day, as he didn't for five further matches across the next year; including for a Copa Sudamericana encounter with Independiente in November. Laméndola's senior debut arrived on 6 March 2021 during a Copa de la Liga Profesional group stage away defeat against Lanús. On 30 May 2022, Laméndola joined Primera Nacional club Atlético de Rafaela on a loan deal until the end of December 2023.

## Career statistics

    As of 16 March 2021.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Atlético Tucumán | 2019–20 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Atlético Tucumán | 2020–21 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Atlético Tucumán | 2021 | Primera División | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
# Vano Iantbelidze

Ivane "Vano" Iantbelidze (Georgian: ვანო იანტბელიძე; born on January 14, 1954, in Samtredia, Georgian SSR) is a Soviet and Georgian film, television and stage actor.

## Life and career

Vano (Ivane) Iantbelidze was born January 14, 1954, in Samtredia, Georgian SSR (then a republic of the Soviet Union).
In 1971, he left secondary school.
Studying at the first year theatrical institute, Vano Iantbelidze debuted in Leonid Bykov's movie One-Two, Soldiers Were Going..., 1973). Further Bykov called Iantbelidze in the following movie "Only Old Men Are Going to Battle., 1976)".
In 1975, Vano Iantbelidze graduated Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film University and in the same year became the actor of Telavi state drama theater on which scene he played more than 150 roles. Because of high employment on a theatrical scene further, the actor seldom appeared in cinema.

## Selected filmography

* 1973 — One-Two, Soldiers Were Going... as Vano Koderidze, "the hero without tiger skin"
* 1975 — Eleven hopes as Bregvadze
* 1976 — Only Old Men Are Going to Battle as Vano Kobakhidze, fighter pilot
* 1982 — The Sad Horn an episode
* 1984 — Snow over white gardens an episode
* 1992 — Paradise Under The Shade of Swords as Hasaykhan Utsmiyev, the officer of the Russian army
* 1995 — Resettlers (ხიზნები)
* 2006 — Two Khevsurians (ორი ხევსური, short) as Papakho Khan, old Khevsur
* 2015 — The Guard (Гвардія), Ukrainian mini-series as Guram Levidze, the owner of restaurant
# Mor Thiam

Mor Dogo Thiam (born 22 May 1941) is a Senegalese musician, cultural historian, and entertainment consultant. His surname is pronounced "Chahm".

## Career

Thiam recorded his first album, Ndende Safarra, in 1974 with B. B. King and Nancy Wilson to help victims of an African drought. The group was invited by President Nixon to perform at the White House in Washington D.C.
From 1990 to 1995, Thiam was part of Don Pullen & the African-Brazilian Connection, and recorded four albums as a member of Pullen's band.
In 1999, Thiam recorded his second album Back to Africa.

## Personal life

In 2009, Thiam made the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca and devoted his life to the development of Darou Khafour and building the Mor Thiam Learning Center International School (MTLC).
Thiam resides between Orlando, Florida and Dakar, Senegal, and is the father to singer Aliaune Badara Thiam, more popularly known as Akon, and Bu Thiam.
# Arto Salomaa

Arto Kustaa Salomaa (6 June 1934 – 26 January 2025) was a Finnish mathematician and computer scientist. His research career, which spanned over 40 years, was focused on formal languages and automata theory.

## Early life and education

Salomaa was born in Turku, Finland on 6 June 1934. He earned a Bachelor's degree from the University of Turku in 1954 and a PhD from the same university in 1960. Salomaa's father was a professor of philosophy at the University of Turku. Salomaa was introduced to the theory of automata and formal languages during seminars at Berkeley given by John Myhill in 1957.

## Career

In 1965 Salomaa became a professor of mathematics at the University of Turku, a position he retired from in 1999. He also spent two years in the late 1960s at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, Canada, and two years in the 1970s at Aarhus University in Aarhus, Denmark.
Salomaa was president of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science from 1979 until 1985.

## Publications

Salomaa authored or co-authored 46 textbooks, including Theory of Automata (1969), Formal Languages (1973), The Mathematical Theory of L-Systems (1980, with Grzegorz Rozenberg), Jewels of Formal Language Theory (1981) Public-Key Cryptography (1990) and DNA Computing (1998, with Grzegorz Rozenberg and Gheorghe Paun). With Rozenberg, Salomaa edited the Handbook of Formal Languages (1997), a 3-volume, 2000-page reference on formal language theory. These books have often become standard references in their respective areas. For example, Formal Languages was reported in 1991 to be among the 100 most cited texts in mathematics.
Salomaa published over 400 articles in scientific journals during his professional career. He also authored non-scientific articles such as "What computer scientists should know about sauna". From his retirement until 2014, Salomaa published over 100 scientific articles.

## Personal life and death

Salomaa married in 1959. He had two children, Kirsti and Kai, the latter of whom is a professor of Computer Science at Queen's University at Kingston and also works in the field of formal languages and automata theory.
Salomaa died on 26 January 2025, at the age of 90. The Research Council of Finland reported his death two days later in a press release, on 28 January.

## Awards and recognition

Salomaa was awarded the title of Academician by the Academy of Finland, one of twelve living Finnish individuals awarded the title. He also received the EATCS Award in 2004. Salomaa received seven honorary degrees. On 13 June 2013, Salomaa was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Western Ontario.
# Methyl isocyanide

Methyl isocyanide or isocyanomethane is an organic compound and a member of the isocyanide family. This colorless liquid is isomeric and isoelectronic to methyl cyanide (acetonitrile), but its reactivity is very different. In contrast to the faintly sweet, ethereal odor of acetonitrile, the smell of methyl isocyanide, like that of other simple volatile isocyanides, is distinctly penetrating and vile. Methyl isocyanide is mainly used for making 5-membered heterocyclic rings. The C-N distance in methyl isocyanide is very short, 1.158 Å as is characteristic of isocyanides.

## Preparation and uses

Methyl isocyanide was first prepared by A. Gautier by reaction of silver cyanide with methyl iodide. The common method for preparing methyl isocyanides is the dehydration of N-methylformamide. Many metal cyanides react with methylating agents to give complexes of methyl isocyanide. This kind of reactivity has been invoked as being relevant to the origin of life.
Methyl isocyanide is useful for the preparation of diverse heterocycles. It is often used to prepare transition metal isocyanide complexes.

## Safety

Methyl isocyanide is very endothermic (Δ$_f$H$^⦵$(g) = +150.2 kJ/mol, 3.66 kJ/g) and can isomerize explosively to acetonitrile. A sample exploded when heated in a sealed ampoule, and during redistillation at 59 °C and 1 bar, a drop of liquid fell back into the dry boiler flask and exploded violently. The explosive decomposition of methyl isocyanide has been studied in detail.
# Mechums River

The Mechums River is a 25.5-mile-long (41.0 km) tributary of the South Fork of the Rivanna River in central Virginia in the United States. Via the Rivanna and James rivers, it is part of the watershed of Chesapeake Bay.

## Course

The Mechums River rises in northern Nelson County and flows for the remainder of its course in northwestern Albemarle County. It flows generally northeastwardly and joins the Moormans River to form the South Fork of the Rivanna River about 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Charlottesville.
# Fahad Babar

Fahad Babar (born 19 February 1992 in Karachi, Pakistan) is an American cricketer. Babar has played two Twenty20s for the USA cricket team after qualifying to play for the United States because of the International Cricket Council's (ICC) seven-year residency rule. He briefly succeeded Steve Massiah as USA captain in 2013.
He made his List A debut for ICC Americas in the 2016–17 Regional Super50 on 30 January 2017. In June 2021, he was selected to play in the Minor League Cricket tournament in the United States following the players' draft.