OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Antigua and Barbuda High Court

Certain justices of the High Court of Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) are assigned to hear cases from Antigua and Barbuda. Officially, the division of this court in Antigua and Barbuda is called the High Court of Justice in Antigua and Barbuda, however, the Antigua and Barbuda High Court (ABHC) is an acceptable and more common term.
The ABHC was constituted in its present form in the Antigua and Barbuda Constitution Order of 1981. It is regulated under chapter IX, that grants the court the ability to hear cases relating to constitutional law, as well as the ability to hear appeals from the magistrates' courts. In chapter IX, decisions of the ABHC may be appealed to the Court of Appeal in the ECSC.

## Composition

The justices of the high court for Antigua and Barbuda are assigned to the country by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission (JLSC) of the OECS. Justices of the High Court must retire at the sixty-five, however, the JLSC may extend a justice's term by three years upon the agreement of the heads of government of all of the states participating in the ECSC. The justices of the ABHC were also the justices of the Court of Summary Jurisdiction, before it was abolished in 1994.

## Jurisdiction and functioning of the court

Any person in Antigua and Barbuda may bring a case to the High Court if they believe the Constitution is being or has been contravened. If the Constitution is being violated, the High Court may grant the victim a remedy deemed appropriate by the court. If a question of the interpretation of the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda is made, and a subordinate court believes that a ruling would have a significant impact on the law, that court may refer the question to the High Court. Decisions of the High Court may be appealed to the Court of Appeal of the ECSC, and further to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. In the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Act, it is stated that the High Court shall have the same jurisdiction as the High Court of Justice in England did in 1940. The court hears appeals from the magistrates' courts.
Each High Court division in the ECSC has a High Court Registry for that member state. In Antigua and Barbuda, the registrar performs the functions required for the conduct and discharge of the court, and is ex officio an admiralty marshal, a provost marshal, and has custody of the seal of the High Court as well custody of the seal of the sub-registry of the ECSC Court of Appeal in Antigua and Barbuda.

## Membership

As of December 2024, there are currently five justices on the High Court in Antigua and Barbuda.
| Justice | Start date |
| Nicola Petra Byer | 15 July 2022 |
| Ann-Marie Smith | 1 January 2020 |
| Jan Drysdale | 12 April 2021 |
| Rene Williams | 1 May 2023 |
| Tunde Ademola Bakre (acting) | 1 October 2023 |
# Rancid Hell Spawn

Rancid Hell Spawn are an English punk rock band, originally active between 1988 and 1995, making a return in 2011.
Based in London, England, the band released five albums and six extended plays. Rancid Hell Spawn also provided two songs for the soundtrack of Dennis Worden's Stickboy music video in 1993. Their music is characterized by short and catchy songs with bizarre song titles, with a distinctive noisy and distorted sound, featuring a Casio organ and large amounts of feedback. The majority of Rancid Hell Spawn songs are short, high-speed punk burnouts with melodies hidden beneath the feedback. Steven Wells of New Musical Express described it as "listening to Eddie Cochran while wearing a chemical warfare suit full of angry wasps." Rancid Hell Spawn’s record sleeve artwork has consistently comprised simple, but sick and striking graphics.
The band was fronted by Charlie Chainsaw, former editor of Chainsaw fanzine which started in 1977 and continued until 1984. Rancid Hell Spawn were DIY pioneers – all of the early releases were recorded on a cheap 4-track portastudio in Charlie’s front room; the only time that a professional recording studio was used was when the recordings were mixed on to reel-to-reel tape before being sent to the pressing plant. The unorthodox instrumentation, which often included three bass guitar tracks, together with the low-budget recording techniques, gave Rancid Hell Spawn a unique sound; and the cheap recording costs enabled the band to record and release a large number of songs in a relatively short space of time.
Charlie Chainsaw remains active in the London punk scene, running the Wrench Records record label and mailorder company.
Rancid Hell Spawn reformed in 2011, releasing an EP Abolition of the Orgasm in December 2011 and Eat My Cigarette in 2016.

## Discography

* Festering Pus single, Wrench Records, 1988
* Jumpin Jack Flesh LP, Wrench Records, 1989
* Gas Mask Love mini-LP, Wrench Records, 1990
* Chainsaw Masochist LP, Wrench Records, 1990
* Split EP with The Fells, Toxic Shock Records, 1991
* Gastro Boy EP, Wrench Records, 1992
* Axe Hero CD, Wrench Records, 1993
* Teenage Lard EP, Wrench Records, 1995
* Scalpel Party Retrospective CD, Wrench Records, 2000
* Abolition of the Orgasm EP, Wrench Records, 2011
* Eat My Cigarette EP, Wrench Records, 2016
# Kidney bean

The kidney bean is a variety of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) named for its resemblance to a human kidney.

## Classification

There are different classifications of kidney beans, such as:
* Red kidney bean (also known as: common kidney bean, rajma in India, surkh (red) lobia in Pakistan).
* Light speckled kidney bean (and long shape light speckled kidney bean).
* Red speckled kidney bean (and long shape light speckled kidney bean).
* White kidney bean (also known as cannellini in Italy and the UK, lobia in India, or safaid (white) lobia in Pakistan).

## Nutrition

Kidney beans, cooked by boiling, are 67% water, 23% carbohydrates, 9% protein, and contain negligible fat. In a 100-gram reference amount, cooked kidney beans provide 532 kJ (127 kcal) of food energy, and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, folate (33% DV), iron (22% DV), and phosphorus (20% DV), with moderate amounts (10–19% DV) of thiamine, copper, magnesium, and zinc (11–14% DV).

## Dishes

Red kidney beans are commonly used in chili con carne and are used in the cuisine of India, where the beans are known as rajma and Pakistan where they are called surkh lobia. Red kidney beans are used in southern Louisiana for the classic Monday Creole dish of red beans and rice. The smaller, darker red beans are also used, particularly in Louisiana families with a recent Caribbean heritage. In Jamaica, they are referred to as red peas. Small kidney beans used in La Rioja, Spain, are called caparrones. In the Netherlands and Indonesia, kidney beans are usually served as a soup called brenebon. In the Levant, a common dish consisting of kidney bean stew usually served with rice is known as fasoulia. To make bean paste, kidney beans are generally prepared from dried beans and boiled until they are soft, at which point the dark red beans are pulverized into a dry paste.

## Toxicity

Red kidney beans contain relatively high amounts of phytohemagglutinin and thus are more toxic than most other bean varieties if not soaked and then boiled for at least 10 minutes. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends boiling for 30 minutes to ensure they reach a sufficient temperature long enough to completely destroy the toxin. Cooking at the lower temperature of 80 °C (176 °F), such as in a slow cooker, is insufficient to denature the toxin and has been reported to cause food poisoning. Canned red kidney beans, though, are safe to eat straight from the can, as they are cooked prior to being shipped. As few as five raw beans or a single undercooked kidney bean can cause severe nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pains.

## Cookbook

* Food portal
* Kidney Bean
* Bean Chili at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
* Chili (Vegan) at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
* Easy Chili at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
* Minestra at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
* Pandora's Feast at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
* Rice an' Peas at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
* Three Bean Confetti Salad at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
* Vegetarian Bean Soup at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
# Iowa's 33rd Senate district

The 33rd District of the Iowa Senate is located in eastern Iowa, and is currently composed of Jones County, as well as Dubuque and Jackson counties.

## Current elected officials

Rob Hogg is the senator currently representing the 33rd District.
The area of the 33rd District contains two Iowa House of Representatives districts:
* The 65th District (represented by Liz Bennett)
* The 66th District (represented by Art Staed)
The district is also located in Iowa's 1st congressional district, which is represented by Ashley Hinson.

## Past senators

The district has previously been represented by:
* John W. Patton, 1965–1966
* James Potgeter, 1967–1970
* John Tapscott, 1971–1972
* George F. Milligan, 1973–1974
* Philip B. Hill, 1975–1978
* Julia Gentleman, 1979–1982
* Donald Gettings, 1983–1992
* William D. Palmer, 1993–1998
* Jeff Lamberti, 1999–2002
* Jack Hatch, 2003–2012
* Rob Hogg, 2013–present
# Alfred Fairfax

Alfred B. Fairfax (born c. 1840 – March 1, 1916) was an American politician. Fairfax was born enslaved in Loudoun County, Virginia, on the Rockland plantation. According to a profile published in 1889, "At the age of 18 his young master attempted to whip him when be rebelled and attempted to run away. He was caught, brought back and sold to a negro trader named [Joseph] Bruin, who took him to Alexandria, Virginia and from there to New Orleans where he was again sold to Colonel A. E. Bass, owner, of Myrtle Grove plantation in Tensas Parish, Louisiana. He lived on that place till in 1862, when he organized a band of slaves, and confiscating enough mules they fled to the Union Army, then at Grand Gulf, on the Mississippi river. Here the whole party enlisted in the Pioneer corps of the United States army."
He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He became active in the Republican Party. He served in the Kansas House of Representatives during the 1888–1889 term, representing Chautauqua County. He was reportedly the first African-American elected to the Kansas legislature.
He owned a cotton farm and was a pastor at the New Hope Baptist Church in Parsons, Kansas. A photograph of Fairfax survives.
# William C. Payne

William C. Payne (c. 1841 – November 3, 1898) was a state legislator in Arkansas. He represented Jefferson County, Arkansas, in 1879 and 1881.
He died November 3, 1898, in a police wagon after falling sick on 9th Street in Little Rock, Arkansas, and the police were called. He was picked up by a police patrol wagon but died before they reached the hospital around 1:30 in the morning; an inquest found the cause to be heart disease. At the time of his death he was living in Rob Roy where he was returned to be buried.
# John T. Gunnell

John T. Gunnell (1836 – June 26, 1902) served in the Colorado House of Representatives from 1881 to 1883 during the Third General Assembly. He has the distinction of being the first African American to serve in the Colorado Legislature. He chaired the committee on federal relations, was a member of committee on elections and apportionment as well as the penitentiary committee He represented Arapahoe County, Colorado, which at that time included Denver
Representative Gunnell was not absent one day of the legislative session. Representative Gunnell sponsored House Bill 57, "A bill for an act tenants-at-will or monthly renters" which was introduced on January 15, 1881. House Bill 57 passed committee but was postponed indefinitely on February 9, 1881.
He is listed in an 1876 Arapahoe County city directory.
He died June 26, 1902.
# Jean-Baptiste Fossin

Jean-Baptiste Fossin (1786–1848) was a French silver and goldsmith and jeweler.

## Life and career

The French house of luxurious jewelry Chaumet was founded in 1780 by Marie-Etienne Nitot in Paris. Nitot was appointed the Emperor's jeweler in 1802 and designed the coronation crown and the Imperial Sword. After the fall of Napoleon, Nitot and his son sold their business to their foreman, master craftsmen John-Baptiste Fossin. Fossin and his son Jules became noted for romantic jewelry inspired by Italian Renaissance and nature motifs including vine leaves, fruit and hawthorne, and successfully established a noble clientele. Fossin’s designs incorporated detailed botanical elements, including ivy, volubilis, olive, and chestnut leaves, as well as flowers like eglantine, hawthorn, jasmine, and geranium. For added realism, he introduced enamel techniques, particularly for green leaves, giving his pieces a lifelike appearance and dynamic visual effects highly. With his son Jules, he opened a shop on the rue Richelieu, where their artistry attracted both the nobility of the Faubourg St. Germain and the newly enriched bankers of the Chaussée d'Antin. Their international clientele included permanent residents in Paris such as the Russian Princess Bagration, the American Colonel Thorn and the Italian Duchess of Galliera.
Fossin was also responsible for crafting the emerald and diamond Leuchtenberg Tiara, a piece designed for Queen Hortense, daughter of Joséphine de Beauharnais. This Romantic-style tiara, able to convert into a brooch and six hair ornaments, later became part of the collection of George, Duke of Leuchtenberg. The tiara exemplifies Fossin’s ability to merge intricate design with functional elegance.
In 1837, Jean-Baptiste Fossin and his son Jules crafted several important pieces for the royal trousseau of the Duke of Orléans’ wedding. Their work contributed to their growing reputation among the French aristocracy. Fossin’s designs, which heavily drew from Renaissance and natural motifs, helped secure significant commissions for ceremonial items and jewelry for the French royal family, including pieces like the renowned Leuchtenberg Tiara, crafted for Queen Hortense. This tiara, made of gold, silver, emeralds, and diamonds, exemplified the romantic style and meticulous craftsmanship for which Fossin became known. The tiara also exemplifies the versatility of Fossin’s designs, as it could be worn as a brooch and six hair ornaments.
Fossin's son Jules formed a partnership with Jean-Valentin Morel to set up a jewelry business in London. The daughter of Morel's son Prosper married Joseph Chaumet, who inherited the family jewelry business in 1885.
# Ziltivekimab

Ziltivekimab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6. It is an investigational drug product developed by Novo Nordisk. Ziltivekimab is being investigated for effect on cardiovascular outcomes in high risk patients such as those post myocardial infarction. In clinical trials, levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were reduced in people taking the drug. The drug has also been tested in chronic kidney disease.
# Viking Death March

"Viking Death March" is the first single by Billy Talent from their fourth studio album, Dead Silence. It was released on May 25, 2012.

## Song information

On May 14, 2012, the band announced in a video announcement on their YouTube channel that their new album would be delayed until the fall, instead of the previous tentative release date of July 2012, though a new song would be released until the end of the month. On May 18, 2012, the band released a teaser of the single and announced that the full song would be released on SoundCloud May 25, 2012.
Gregory Adams of Exclaim! describes the song as fused the band's typical "post-hardcore licks" with elements of new wave of British heavy metal and a time signature of 6/8.

## Music video

The music video was released on the band's official website and on the band's YouTube channel on July 16, 2012. It is a live music video compiled from live footage that was shot during the band's performances at the Rock am Ring festival in Nürburg, Germany on June 2, and at the Melkweg in Amsterdam, Netherlands on June 6. The music video was directed by Michael Maxxis and David Hogan.

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Canadian Hot 100 | 69 |
| Canada Rock Chart | 7 |
| Canadian Alternative Rock Chart | 3 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Myanmar National Truth and Justice Party

The Myanmar National Truth and Justice Party (MNTJP) is a political party in Myanmar. It is the political wing of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), an armed resistance group in the Kokang region of Myanmar. The MNTJP cooperates politically and militarily with other members of the Northern Alliance and the Three Brotherhood Alliance. It is also a member of the Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee (FPNCC), which is led by the United Wa State Army (UWSA).

## History

According to the Kokang Information Network (Chinese: 果敢资讯网), a media outlet related to the MNDAA, the MNTJP was founded on June 29, 2013. On 5 January 2024, following the capture of Laukkai by MNDAA forces during Operation 1027, the MNTJP reestablished its own administration in the area.
# Gabon Express Flight 221

Gabon Express Flight 221 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight which crashed into the Atlantic Ocean on 8 June 2004. The Hawker Siddeley HS 748 was carrying 26 passengers and 4 crew and was flying from Gabon's capital Libreville to Franceville via Port-Gentil when an engine failed. The crew tried to return to Libreville International Airport; however they overflew it and nosedived into the sea. At least 19 people were killed in the crash. It was the second deadliest plane crash in Gabon. Gabon President Omar Bongo declared three days of national mourning in response to the disaster.

## Flight

Flight 221 was a regular domestic passenger service operated by a Gabonese airline, Gabon Express. At the time the airline was the second largest airline in Gabon, with over 60 destinations. The flight was carrying 26 passengers and 4 crew. Among the passengers were 7 French nationals, 2 Lebanese and a German. Shortly after takeoff from Libreville the crew reported problems with the aircraft. A failure of the oil pressure on the No.2 engine occurred, causing the crew to turn back.
While returning the crew tried to extend the aircraft's landing gear, however it did not do so, due to problems with the hydraulics. Witnesses on the ground stated that the aircraft was operating with only one engine. Flight 221 then nose-dived into the sea.
The tail and the front part of the aircraft separated from the main body. As the aircraft was not fully submerged, several survivors managed to escape from the sinking wreckage. 4 hours after the initial impact, the wreckage sank and fully submerged, with many people still trapped inside the wreckage.

## Search and rescue

Immediately after the crash, fire crew and emergency services were deployed. 11 survivors were evacuated from the scene and were taken by helicopters to local hospital in Libreville; none had received serious injuries. Divers were deployed by authorities to rescue people trapped inside the wreckage. Local fishermen, French Navy and French military also joined the rescue effort.

## Aftermath

As the crash of Flight 221 claimed 19 lives, the President of Gabon, Omar Bongo, declared three days of national mourning in honor to the victims of the crash. A government official stated that a national funeral will be held in response to the crash.
# Mechanics' Theatre

The Mechanics' Hall, also known as the Hibernian Theatre of Varieties, was a theatre and music hall in Lower Abbey Street, Dublin. It stood at the site of the current Abbey Theatre at 26 Lower Abbey Street.
A theatre or circus has stood on this site on Lower Abbey Street since at least the early 19th century. In the mid-19th century, at the urging of Dublin's gentry, John Classon, an upper-class merchant, acquired the buildings then on the site, one of which had housed a circus, in order to establish a joint concert hall and civic institution for the lower classes. Those buildings became the Music Hall and the Mechanics' Institute. The Music Hall, which could seat 4000 persons, hosted concerts, lectures, and popular entertainments. The renowned black American abolitionist Frederick Douglass lectured at the Music Hall in 1845 during a four-month visit to Ireland. In 1850 and 1851 Pablo Fanque, the popular black equestrian and circus owner (immortalised later in The Beatles' song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!) played to near-capacity Dublin crowds for weeks. During a March 1851 performance of Pablo Fanque's Circus Royal police were called in to quell a riot when playgoers threatened to riot and destroy the theatre in protest to the winner of a "conundrum" contest.
In the later 19th century, in the 1860s, the Music Hall was renamed the Mechanics' Theatre, after the adjacent Mechnanic's Institute. Mary Browne, mother of Shaun Glenville was manager of the theatre for a time. Seán O'Casey once appeared on stage there in a production of The Shaughraun by Dion Boucicault. The theatre was also known during this time as the Hibernian Theatre of Varieties, a name it retained until the building was acquired for the Abbey Theatre at the beginning of the 20th century.
# Siege of Alès

The siege of Alès was undertaken by Louis XIII of France, and the city captured on 17 June 1629.

## Siege

The siege of Alès followed the disastrous capitulation of the main Protestant stronghold of La Rochelle, in the siege of La Rochelle. Huguenot resistance persisted in the south of France though, and Louis XIII endeavoured to eliminate it as well. With Privas and Anduze, the city of Alès was at the center of a string of Protestants strongholds in the Languedoc, stretching from Nîmes and Uzès in the east, to Castres and Montauban in the west. Alès was selected by Antoine Hercule de Budos, Marquis des Portes (1589-1629), as a strategic target to sever Huguenot defenses in two and disconnect their main centers of Nîmes and Montauban.
After Privas fell on 28 May 1629, in which the Marquis des Portes was killed, French attention turned to Alès. After an intense siege, the city surrendered on 17 June. At the end of the siege, Henri, Duke of Rohan, the leader of the Huguenot rebellion, submitted.

## Aftermath

The remaining Huguenot cities rapidly fell, and finally Montauban surrendered without resistance. This was one of the last events in the repression of the Huguenot rebellions in France.
The siege was followed by the Peace of Alès (27 September 1629), which settled the revolt by guaranteeing the practice of the Huguenot religion and judicial protection, but requiring Huguenot strongholds as well as political assemblies to be dismantled.