OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Timothy W. Tong

Timothy W. Tong (Chinese: 唐偉章) (born 1953 in Hong Kong) is a former president of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He became President on 1 January 2009, succeeding Poon Chung Kwong. After stepping down, his post was taken over by Philip C. H. Chan as interim President. Prior to obtaining the presidency, Tong was Dean of School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS) at George Washington University in the United States.
Tong received his secondary education at Hong Kong Christian College in Hong Kong. He pursued tertiary education in the United States where he received his Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Oregon State University in 1976 and Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in the same discipline from the University of California at Berkeley in 1978 and 1980 respectively.
Tong is famous for his academic achievements in the field of mechanical engineering. He has authored seven books and conference proceedings and published more than 80 technical articles in international journals.
# Troels Troels-Lund

Troels Frederik Troels-Lund (5 September 1840 – 12 February 1921) was a Danish historian.

## Biography

Troels-Lund was born in Copenhagen, the youngest son of Henrik Ferdinand and Anna Cathrine Lund. Henrik Ferdinand's first marriage was to Søren Kierkegaard's sister Petrea, from 1828 until her death in 1834. Henrik Ferdinand was also the brother of the naturalist Peter Wilhelm Lund.
Troels-Lund entered the University of Copenhagen in 1858. After studying theology for a while he abandoned it for the study of history. From 1870 to 1875 he was an assistant at the Gehejmearkivet, and an instructor in history at the Royal Danish Military Academy starting in 1874, serving as a full professor there from 1888 to 1900.
His most prominent work, Dagligt Liv i Norden i det sekstende Aarhundrede (transl. Daily Life in the North in the Sixteenth Century), was published in 14 volumes from 1879 to 1901. The work vividly detailed everyday life in sixteenth century Scandinavia, and is considered a characteristic example of Danish cultural history. He was appointed to the position of official historian of the Danish system of orders in 1897, and was admitted to the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in 1901.

## Works

Troels-Lund's first work, Historiske Skitser, did not appear until 1876, but after that time his activity was stupendous. In 1879 the first volume of his Danmarks og Norges Historie i Slutningen of det Xvi. Aarhundrede, a history of daily life in Denmark and Norway at the close of the 16th century, was published. His work said little about kings, armies and governments, but instead concentrated attention on the lives of the ordinary men and women of the age with which he deals. He used these common people to illustrate a vast body of documents previously neglected by the official historians.

### List

* Paa Vandring, 1867 (under pseudonym Poul Vedel)
* Historiske Skitser - Efter utrykte Kilder, 1876
* Mogens Heinesøn - Et tidsbillede fra det 16 Aarhundrede, 1877
* Dagligt Liv i Norden i det sekstende Aarhundrede I-XIV, 1879–1901 (First edition under title Danmark og Norges Historie i Slutningen af det 16de Aarhundrede, transl. History of Denmark and Norway to the End of the Sixteenth Century)
* Om Danmarks Forsvar, 1880
* Preussens fald og Genoprejsning, 1883
* Om Danmarks Neutralitet, 1886
* Christian den Fjerdes Skib paa Skanderborg Sø I-II, 1893
* Livsbelysning, 1899
* Sundhedsbegreber i Norden i det 16de Aarhundrede, 1900
* Peder Oxe, 1906
* De tre Nordiske Brødrefolk, 1906
* Nye Tanker i det 16de Aarhundrede, 1909
* Historiske Fortællinger - Tider og Tanker I-IV, 1910–1912
* Bakkehus og Solbjerg - Træk af et nyt Livssyns Udvikling i Norden I-III, 1920–1922
* Et Liv - Barndom og Ungdom, 1924
# Mansinh Patel

Mansinh Patel is an Indian politician from Gujarat. He served as a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from 1995 to 1999 and was elected as the Bharatiya Janata Party member of the Lok Sabha for Mandvi constituency in 1999. He had earlier served as deputy speaker of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly.
# Carl Askew

Carl Sydney Askew (born 19 November 1952 in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian former motorcycle speedway rider and a drag bike rider.

## Career

He rode in the United Kingdom for the Oxford Cheetahs in 1976 and 1978 and the Birmingham Brummies. Askew retired in October 1979.
Askew worked as a mechanic for a short time in 1980, upon return to Australia from UK. Between 1981 and 1993, he worked as a sales rep selling motorcycle spares and accessories. From 1993 till 1994, Askew managed Fraser Motorcycles workshop, which is a company which imported Harley Davidson motorcycles to Australia. Askew operated his own bike shop between 1994 and 2000, then restored motorcycles until 2004. He has owned and run Southern Highlands Mower Centre since 2004.
After he stopped racing in the UK, Askew rode for another couple of years in Australia. Ivan Mauger asked Carl if he would like to ride in some of his Long Track meetings; he rode one of his George Wenn engined two valvers for a few years, winning his first race after 13 years of retirement. After he stopped riding the classic LongTrack, Askew rode a Drag Bike, 1428cc Nitros injected Suzuki. The fastest speed he ever hit was 7.9 sec at 180 mph over a ¼ mile stretch.

## Personal life

Askew lives in Bundanoon, with wife Rachael, daughter Rose, and son Jacob.
# Gaby Hauptmann

Gaby Hauptmann (born 14 May 1957) is a German journalist and writer.

## Life

Hauptmann was born in Villingen-Schwenningen in 1957. Her grandfather was the noted Black Forest based painter Karl Hauptmann [de]. She started her writing career at the Südkurier newspaper. She left after two years and formed her own business running a press office. She then became chief editor at the radio station Radio Seefunk RSF [de] from 1987.
She began working for the broadcaster Südwestfunk initially as a writer but in time a director and producer.
Her first book was for children, but her first bestseller was "Suche impotenten Mann fürs Leben" which was made into the film In Search of an Impotent Man [de]. Her books have sold six million copies in total.
She has written novels in German, and filmscripts and has worked as a TV producer. Her books include "A Handful of Manhood" which has been translated into English.
In 2005 she started to write a series of books for younger readers with horse related themes.
# 1,2-Dibromoethane

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula C $_2$H $_4$Br $_2$. Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where it is probably formed by algae and kelp, substantial amounts are produced industrially. It is a dense colorless liquid with a faint, sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm. It is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant. The combustion of 1,2-dibromoethane produces hydrogen bromide gas that is significantly corrosive.

## Preparation and use

It is produced by the reaction of ethylene gas with bromine, in a classic halogen addition reaction:
    CH$_2$=CH$_2$ + Br$_2$ → BrCH$_2$–CH$_2$Br
Historically, 1,2-dibromoethane was used as a component in anti-knock additives in leaded fuels. It reacts with lead residues to generate volatile lead bromides, thereby preventing fouling of the engine with lead deposits.

### Pesticide

It has been used as a pesticide in soil and on various crops. The applications were initiated after the forced retirement of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Most of these uses have been stopped in the U.S. It continues to be used as a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, and for control of moths in beehives.

### Reagent

1,2-Dibromoethane has wider applications in the preparation of other organic compounds including those carrying modified diazocine rings and vinyl bromide that is a precursor to some fire retardants.
In organic synthesis, 1,2-dibromoethane is used to brominate carbanions and to activate magnesium for certain Grignard reagents. In the latter process, 1,2-dibromoethane reacts with magnesium, producing ethylene and magnesium bromide, which are innocuous, exposing a more active portion of the magnesium particle to the substrate.

## Health effects

1,2-Dibromoethane causes changes in the metabolism and severe destruction of living tissues. The known empirical LD50 values for 1,2-dibromoethane are 140 mg kg$^{−1}$ (oral, rat), and 300.0 mg kg$^{−1}$ (dermal, rabbit). 1,2-Dibromoethane is a known carcinogen, with pre-1977 exposure levels ranking it as the most carcinogenic substance on the HERP Index.
The effects on people of breathing high levels are not known, but animal studies with short-term exposures to high levels caused depression and collapse, indicating effects on the brain. Changes in the brain and behavior were also seen in young rats whose male parents had breathed 1,2-dibromoethane, and birth defects were observed in the young of animals that were exposed while pregnant. 1,2-Dibromoethane is not known to cause birth defects in humans. Swallowing has caused death at 40ml doses.
# Sustaš

Sustaš (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Добра Вода) is a village in the municipality of Bar, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 498.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 277 | 55.6% |
| Bosniaks | 75 | 15.1% |
| Serbs | 55 | 5.9% |
| Albanians | 9 | 11.0% |
| other/undeclared | 82 | 16.5% |
| Total | 498 | 100% |
# Roger Clifford, 2nd Baron Clifford

Roger de Clifford, 2nd Baron de Clifford, also 2nd Lord of Skipton (21 January 1300 – 23 March 1322) was a member of the Clifford family, which held the seat of Skipton from 1310 to 1676. He inherited his title when his father, Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford died at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. His mother was Maud de Clare, eldest daughter of Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald. Roger was also hereditary High Sheriff of Westmorland.
He was involved in a rebellion against King Edward II's favourite Hugh Despenser the Younger, and ultimately against the King himself. He took part in the Siege of Tickhill. The rebel forces were then brought to battle by the King's forces in Boroughbridge in March 1322; during the battle, Roger Clifford received severe wounds. Forced to surrender, he was condemned to death and held captive in York. He was hanged there, probably on 23 March, and his estates forfeited, including Skipton Castle. They were restored to his brother Robert Clifford, 3rd Lord of Skipton in 1327.
# Numerius (praenomen)

Numerius (/njuːˈmɛriəs/ new-MERR-ee-əs, Latin:), feminine Numeria, is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, usually abbreviated N. The name was never especially common, but was used throughout the period of the Roman Republic, and into imperial times. The praenomen also gave rise to the patronymic gens Numeria.
Although Numerius was occasionally used by patrician gentes, such as the Furii and the Valerii, the only patrician family to use the name regularly was the gens Fabia. Festus relates the story of how Numerius was introduced to the family after a survivor of the Battle of the Cremera married a daughter of Numerius Otacilius of Maleventum. The name was used more widely amongst the plebeians and in the countryside, and was relatively common in southern Italy. In Roman law, the name Numerius Negidius was used to refer to a hypothetical defendant.

## Origin and meaning

Numerius was generally connected with Numeria, the goddess of childbirth, and according to Varro was given to children who were born quickly and easily. Elsewhere, Varro states that the feminine Numeria was not used as a praenomen, but this is contradicted by the Liber de Praenominibus, a short treatise on praenomina usually appended to Valerius Maximus. As a praenomen, Numeria is attested in the funerary inscription of Numeria Atilia at Praeneste; other instances of the name in inscriptions probably represent gentilicia.
Based in part on the story related by Festus, as well as various Oscan inscriptions and the popularity of the name in southern Italy, Chase describes Numerius as an Oscan praenomen. However, the name was widely used in Latium, and in the archaic form Numasios it is found in a number of Old Latin inscriptions, including the famous Praenestine fibula, and it may well be an example of a praenomen that was shared by both Oscan and Latin. Under the spelling Numesius, it also appears in one of the earliest Etruscan inscriptions, on a vase from Tarquinii dating to about 700 BC.
# Hulua

Hulua is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Toxopidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973. Originally placed with the intertidal spiders, it was moved to the Toxopidae in 2017.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains four species, all found in New Zealand:
* Hulua convoluta Forster & Wilton, 1973 (type) – New Zealand
* Hulua manga Forster & Wilton, 1973 – New Zealand
* Hulua minima Forster & Wilton, 1973 – New Zealand
* Hulua pana Forster & Wilton, 1973 – New Zealand
# Nornie Gude

Eleanor Constance "Nornie" Gude (Dec 8 1915 – Jan 24 2002) was an Australian artist.

## Early life

Gude was born in 1915 in Ballarat, Victoria to Stella Rehfisch and Walter Gude, musician and violin teacher, and conductor of the St Patrick's Cathedral orchestra and choir in Ballarat. Her parents met when Stella was 27 and the 42-year old never-married Walter was teaching her the violin. Nornie and her sister Gilda were both raised in Ballarat before moving to Melbourne on the eve of World War II.
She was accepted into the Ballarat Technical Art School at 15 because of her advanced skill in painting, and trained there from 1931 to 1936. While there she was the Art Editor for The SMB, the magazine of the Ballarat School of Mines in 1934. She won the esteemed MacRobertson Scholarship in art worth £100 a year. She later went on to the National Gallery School from 1936 to 1939, studying with Sidney Nolan and Charles Bush, and became the first woman to win the National Gallery Students Travelling Scholarship.

## Career

Gude won many awards for her painting both while at school and throughout her career. In 1958 she went on a study tour through England and Europe. Her works were described by Harold Herbert as "slick and clever." She exhibited with the Victorian Artists Society and the Australian Water Color Institute in Sydney. Leveson Street Gallery listed Gude amongst the artists it represented in a 1974 issue of The Bulletin.In 1988 she was a finalist for the 'Sail and Bicentenary award' at the ACTA Bicentenary Maritime Art Awards Exhibition with her work "'The Bounty' on Sydney Harbour."
Nornie met her husband, fellow painter Laurence Scott Pendlebury, while studying together at the Gallery School. They had two children, Anne and Andrew, both of whom followed artistic pursuits. The family lived in Caulfield, Nornie painting in her studio there.
She once said about art "You spend your first 20 years learning the technique and the next 20 years losing it." Her work is represented in collections at the National Gallery of Victoria, Parliament House, and the Art Gallery of Western Australia, as well as regional collections in Ballarat, Geelong, Castlemaine Art Museum, and Bendigo.
Gude died peacefully at home with her two children in Hawthorn on January 24, 2002.

## Awards

* 1941 - National Gallery School Landscape Prize
* 1948 - F. E. Richardson Prize (Geelong Art Gallery)
* 1951 - F. E. Richardson Prize
* 1953 - Perth Art Gallery Prize
* 1958 - Voss Smith Prize
* 1970 - Pring Prize
* 1988 - Doug Moran Naval Prize
* 1990 - Doug Moran National Portrait Prize

## Exhibitions

* 1954 - Artists for Peace exhibition, Tye's Gallery
* 1988 - 'Evespan' - Some Australian Women Artists 1920-1988, Albury Regional Art Centre
# Orahovo, Bar

Orahovo (Cyrillic: Орахово) is a village in the municipality of Bar, Montenegro. It is considered as part of Crmnica region.
In 1242 king Stefan Vladislav of Serbia issued a charter by which he granted Orahovo to Vranjina Monastery. Around 1296 King Stephen Uroš II Milutin of Serbia again gave Orahovo to Vranjina Monastery as its metoh, as well as 100 perpers annually of income from the St. Sergius market near Skadar. This village hosts one of the oldest monasteries in Montenegro, Orahovo Monastery.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 3,800.
Ethnicity in 2011 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Montenegrins | 48 | 75.0% |
| Serbs | 15 | 23.4% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 1.6% |
| Total | 64 | 100% |
# Goticaris

Goticaris is a extinct genus of enigmatic Cambrian arthropod consisting of the single species Goticaris longispinosa, known from the Orsten lagerstätten in southern Sweden. It appears to have several apomorphic features, notably including a large compound eye.

## Etymology

The genus name Goticaris is in reference to the Gotes, a tribe which inhabited southern Sweden in the “Dark Ages”. The species name longispinosa refers to the long caudal spine.

## Description

Originally, Goticaris was estimated to be approximately 1 mm (0.039 in) long, but new specimens helped infer the new size at 3 mm (0.12 in) long.
The head of Goticaris has an unusual anterior projection of the head that bears a single large and what are possibly two smaller stalked compound eyes. There are four pairs of appendages on its head. The first pair of appendages are treated as antennae, and the other appendages on head are biramous. The mouth opens on the ventral surface in front of the second pair of appendages. The abdomen has four segments with four pairs of paddle-shaped uniramous appendages and a hind body, with an area without appendages between the head and the appendage-bearing segments. Finally there is a telson.
Unlike Cambropachycope, the cephalic shield and tergites of Goticairs are inconspicuous.

## Classification

It is hesitantly presumed to be an early offshoot under the clade Pancrustacea in original description. Other organisms, including Henningsmoenicaris and Martinssonia, also discovered in Orsten, may exist at a similar place on the phylogenetic tree. Collectively, this may have implications for the origins of the crustaceans. However, a later study placed this genus outside Pancrustacea and it was treated only as a stem-group mandibulate.
# Henry Winter

Henry Winter (born 18 February 1963) is an English sports journalist. He currently writes for World Soccer, having previously been the Chief Football Writer for The Times and a Football Correspondent for The Daily Telegraph.

## Education

Winter was educated at Westminster School, before graduating from the University of Edinburgh in 1986.

## Career

Winter spent a year producing a magazine on sport in London after graduation an working at Sports News Agency, Hayters, before joining The Independent at its launch in 1986, writing a sports and schools column.
He moved to The Daily Telegraph in 1994, and produced a daily webcast on the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, giving specific information on the England team. He joined The Times in 2015 to become Chief Football Writer.
Over the course of his career, Winter wrote FA Confidential with former FA chief executive David Davies, and ghost-wrote the autobiographies of Liverpool F.C. players Kenny Dalglish, John Barnes and Steven Gerrard. He wrote Fifty Years of Hurt: The Story of England Football in 2017.
He also makes regular appearances as a pundit on Sky Sports' Sunday Supplement and BBC Radio 5 Live.
Winter revealed on 10 April 2024 that he would be leaving The Times after being made redundant. On 11 June 2024 it was announced that Winter would become a columnist for World Soccer.

## Awards

Winter was named Specialist Correspondent of the Year at the British Sports Journalism Awards in 2004, 2009, 2010 and 2013, and Football Writer of the Year in 2016. In 2010, he was named among the top 10 most influential sportswriters in Britain by the trade publication, Press Gazette.

## Personal life

Winter's older brother is Islamic scholar Timothy Winter. He is a trustee of the African social enterprise Alive & Kicking, which manufactures footballs in Kenya and Zambia.
# Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i

Wirya Rasoul Salih Hawleri (Kurdish: وریا ڕەسووڵ ساڵح هەولێری), known as Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i (Arabic: ابو عبدالله الشافعي; Father of Abdullah, the Shafi'i), (born in Zakho, Iraqi Kurdistan), is the former leader of Ansar al-Islam, Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna, and Jama'at Ansar al-Islam. He is a Kurdish veteran of jihad in Afghanistan and Chechnya. On 3 May 2010, he was captured by the Iraqi government along with seven others.
# Bill Steinecke

William Robert Steinecke (February 7, 1907 – July 20, 1986) was an American professional baseball catcher and manager. A native of Cincinnati who attended DePaul University, Steinecke spent almost 40 years in uniform, but only four games in Major League Baseball (with the 1931 Pittsburgh Pirates). He threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) (173 cm) tall and weighed 175 pounds (79 kg) as an active player.
Steinecke's playing career began in 1925 with the Rock Island Islanders of the Class D Mississippi Valley League. After batting .361 for the Binghamton Triplets of the Class B New York–Pennsylvania League — and being elected the loop's all-star catcher for 1931 — Steinecke received his Pittsburgh trial. In four games and four at bats between September 16 and September 24, 1931, he went hitless. By the opening of the 1932 season, he was back at Binghamton. Steinecke achieved his most sustained success in the New York–Penn League of the 1930s (now the Eastern League), batting over .300 in six different seasons. In his best campaign, 1936 for the Williamsport Grays, Steinecke batted .349 with 110 runs batted in in 132 games played. All told, he appeared in 1,907 minor league games over 21 different seasons, batting .297 with 57 home runs and 855 RBI.
Steinecke's long minor-league managerial career began in 1937 in the Class B Sally League, and from 1946 to 1964 he skippered clubs in the lower minors. He joined the Milwaukee Braves farm system in 1955 and continued with the Braves through the middle of 1964. (As manager of the Class D McCook Braves of the Nebraska State League, he was a figure in former bonus-baby pitcher Pat Jordan's memoir, A False Spring.) He then served as a scout for the Braves and Montreal Expos. Steinecke died at age 79 in Saint Augustine, Florida.
# John B. Tsu

John B. Tsu (Chinese: 祖炳民; pinyin: Zǔ Bǐngmín, 1 December 1924 – 26 February 2005) was a Chinese academic and lobbyist for Asians in the United States.
Tsu was born in Jilin Province, in north-east China. He studied law at Tokyo University in Japan, and graduated in 1946. In 1949 he took a master's degree in political science at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, and in 1954 completed a PhD in the same subject at Fordham University in New York City.
Tsu taught for nineteen years at Seton Hall University in South Orange, New Jersey. He was chairman of the Asian studies department, and director of the Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the university. While there, he realized the shortage of adequate teaching supplies, and in 1961 commissioned John DeFrancis to write his popular series of Mandarin Chinese textbooks. From 1977 he taught at the University of San Francisco. He was later regent of John F. Kennedy University in Pleasant Hill, California.
In 2001 Tsu was appointed chairman of the Advisory Committee on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the administration of George W. Bush. He was president of the Asian American Political Education Foundation in San Francisco.
He died of heart failure in Daly City, California, on 26 February 2005.