OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Platinum-based antineoplastic

Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (informally called platins) are chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer. Their active moieties are coordination complexes of platinum. These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this form of chemotherapy, commonly used drugs include cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, but several have been proposed or are under development. Addition of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs to chemoradiation in women with early cervical cancer seems to improve survival and reduce risk of recurrence.
In total, these drugs can cause a combination of more than 40 specific side effects which include neurotoxicity, which is manifested by peripheral neuropathies including polyneuropathy.

## Mechanism of action

As studied mainly on cisplatin, but presumably for other members as well, platinum-based antineoplastic agents cause crosslinking of DNA as monoadduct, interstrand crosslinks, intrastrand crosslinks or DNA protein crosslinks. Mostly they act on the adjacent N-7 position of guanine, forming a 1, 2 intrastrand crosslink. The resultant crosslinking inhibits DNA repair and/or DNA synthesis. This mechanism leads to specific patterns of damage in DNA, which can kill cancer cells but can also increase the risk of secondary tumors developing.
Platinum-based antineoplastic agents are sometimes described as "alkylating-like" due to similar effects as alkylating antineoplastic agents, although they do not have an alkyl group.

## Examples

Strategies for improving platinum-based anticancer drugs usually involve changes in the neutral spectator ligands, changes in the nature of the anions (halides vs various carboxylates), or changes in the oxidation state of the metal (Pt(II) vs Pt(IV)). Nanotechnology has been explored to deliver platinum more efficiently in the case of lipoplatin, which is introduced into the tumor sites thereby reducing the chance of toxicity.
Cisplatin was the first to be developed. Cisplatin is particularly effective against testicular cancer; the cure rate was improved from 10% to 85%. Similarly, the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with medulloblastoma - again, up to around 85%. This application of cisplatin was developed by pediatric oncologist Roger Packer in the early 1980s.
* Approved platinum-based anticancer drugs
* cisplatin
* carboplatin
* oxaliplatin
* nedaplatin
* Platinum-based anticancer drugs in trials
* triplatin tetranitrate
* phenanthriplatin, a proposed new anticancer drug.
* picoplatin, which remains in trials
* satraplatin
* Pyriplatin
* Lobaplatin
# Rohrer House

The Rohrer House, also known as Silsby House, is a historic home located at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is a three-bay, two-story brick dwelling, with a two bay frame rear wing, painted white with black trim. The house is set on fieldstone foundations and was built about 1790.
The Rohrer House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
# Kara Tepe refugee camp

Kara Tepe (Greek: Καρά Τεπέ, from Turkish for "black hill") is a refugee camp that was located in the area of Mavrovouni in Lesvos, Greece. The camp is managed by the Municipality of Mytilene and UNHCR in collaboration with the NGOs that operate there; among them are IRC, Médecins du Monde, METAdrasi, SOS Villages, Caritas Hellas, Movement on the Ground and Because we Carry. Médecins Sans Frontières has a clinic in Mytilini that serves patients from the Kara Tepe camp who are referred to them by outreach teams.

## Overview

The camp has provided temporary housing for asylum seekers. Kara Tepe was the overflow site for Moria refugee camp, the main registration center in Greece, through which new arrivals would be processed. Asylum seekers living in Kara Tepe are able to leave and reenter the site daily.
The majority of individuals living in the camp are of Afghani, Iraqi or Syrian origin. According to a survey conducted in December 2016, asylum seekers spent an average of four months at the Kara Tepe camp.

## History

In August 2017, Kara Tepe's accommodation capacity was expanded by 56% to make room for up to 1300 persons. UNHCR reported that 260 new accommodation units had been installed at the camp in 2017.
After the September 2020 fire destroyed the Moria camp, the Greek government approved the construction of a new closed reception centre at Vastria (near the village of Nees Kydonies), scheduled to be completed by summer 2022. However, the Greek Counsil of State revoked the construction permit due to a lack of an environmental study, and construction work has since been put on hold.
# Jack Dailey Creek

Jack Dailey Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
Jack Dailey Creek has the name of Jack Dailey, a pioneer settler.
# Mekelle kindergarten airstrike

vteTigray war :
On August 26, 2022, an airstrike allegedly from the Ethiopian National Defense Force hit a kindergarten in Tigrayan capital of Mekelle, killing seven people including two children.

## Prelude

In 2020, following years of heightened tensions between the democratic Ethiopian government, led by Abiy Ahmed, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front, the dominant party in the Tigray Region which had previously led a dictatorship in Ethiopia, clashes broke out between the TPLF and Ethiopia, beginning the Tigray War. An initial Ethiopian government offensive captured Mekelle, the Tigrayan capital, and saw the war escalate into a low-level insurgency. In 2021, a Tigrayan offensive reached the outskirts of the Ethiopian capital, but ultimately was pushed back. A ceasefire was initiated in March 2022, but by August, the peace talks began to break down. Just days before the airstrike, fighting erupted again, with both sides accusing each other of initiating.

## Airstrike

Following the resurgence of fighting, Ethiopian forces bombarded the Tigrayan capital of Mekelle on August 26. The airstrikes were some of the first on the capital since March. In the attack, a kindergarten was hit and destroyed, along with the nearby civilian compound. According to aid workers on the scene, the strike took place at RES Kids Paradise at around 12:40pm local time, a local kindergarten, and three loud booms rang out.

## Aftermath

Initially, four children were killed and two were injured. The death toll later rose to seven killed and fourteen injured, including children. Following the airstrikes and renewed clashes, humanitarian aid in Tigray region was suspended.
The Ethiopian government claimed that they had only hit places that they alleged the TPLF was manufacturing or storing arms. The head of UNICEF, Catherine Russell, issued a message condemning the airstrike and called for an "immediate cessation of hostilities."
# Rolette House

The Rolette House is located in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin.

## History

Construction of the house was begun by Jean Joseph Rolette, but he died before it was completed. Later, it was turned into a hotel and a boarding house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and on the State Register of Historic Places in 1989. The house is one of two properties connected to Rolette to be listed, along with the Brisbois House.
# Lorenzo De Grazia

Lorenzo De Grazia (born 1 April 1995) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie D club Olbia.

## Club career

He made his Serie B debut for Ascoli on 2 April 2016 in a game against Perugia.
For 2019–20 season, he joined Modena.
On 5 October 2020 he signed a two-year contract with Ravenna.
On 30 September 2021, he joined to Piacenza.
On 11 January 2022, he returned to Teramo.
On 20 September 2022, De Grazia signed with Floriana in Malta.
# Creighton River

The Creighton River is a 23.3-mile-long (37.5 km) tributary of the West Branch Manistique River on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States.
# Bruckins

Bruckins, also spelled brukins, is a Jamaican dance performed primarily to celebrate Emancipation Day.
A dance, whose music has both European and African elements, Bruckins is a "stately, dipping-gliding" dance, and may be derived from the Pavane.
Bruckins is accompanied by an elaborate pageant, in which participants dress as European royalty and/or members of the royal court (courtiers, pages, soldiers, etc.).
Sabine Sörgel has said that the first Bruckins was celebrated in 1834, after the formal abolition of slavery; however, Olive Lewin states that the first Bruckins was only in 1839, after the elimination of the "apprenticeship" system.

## References of Bruckins

* ↑ History Notes: Information on Jamaica's Culture at the Jamaica (retrieved 13 February, 2012
* ↑ [Dancing postcolonialism: the National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica], by Sabine Sörgel; published by Transcript Verlag; 2007, page 141, via Google Books
* ↑ Rock It Come Over: the folk music of Jamaica, with special reference to Kumina and the work of Mrs. Imogene "Queenie" Kennedy, by Olive Lewis; published by University of the West Indies Press, 2000; via Google Books
# 1540 in science

The year 1540 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.

## Astronomy

* Georg Joachim Rheticus publishes De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima in Danzig, an abstract of Copernicus' as yet unpublished De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and the first printed publication of Copernican heliocentrism.
* Peter Apian publishes Astronomicon Caesareum. The tails of comets always point away from the sun.
* Alessandro Piccolomini De Le Stelle Fisse is the first star atlas in which stars are labelled with letters.

## Chemistry

* Valerius Cordus discovers and describes a method of synthesizing ether ("oleum dulci vitrioli") by adding sulfuric acid to ethyl alcohol.

## Exploration

* May 9 – Hernando de Alarcón sets sail to explore the Baja California peninsula; on September 26 he enters the Colorado River.

## Metallurgy

* Vannoccio Biringuccio's manual on metalworking, De la pirotechnia, is published posthumously.

## Physiology and medicine

* Publication in London of the first printed book in English on obstetrics, The Byrth of Mankynde, a translation attributed to Richard Jonas from Rösslin's De partu hominis. It will continue to be issued in new editions for more than a century.
* Publication in Lyon of the first translation into French by Pierre Tolet of the sixth book devoted to Surgery of the Medical Compendium in Seven Books by Paul of Aegina.

## Births

* January 28 – Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (died 1610).
* c. February or March – Francis Drake, English explorer (died 1596).
* Roch Le Baillif, French physician (died 1598).
* François Viète, French mathematician (died 1603).
* possible date – Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser, Frisian navigator (died 1596).

## Deaths

* probable date – Johann Georg Faust, German alchemist (born 1480).
# Jacks Branch (Brown Creek tributary)

Jacks Branch is a 5.18 mi (8.34 km) long 2nd order tributary to Brown Creek in Anson County, North Carolina.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
* Jacks Creek

## Course

Jacks Branch rises about 5 miles southwest of Cedar Hill, North Carolina. Jacks Branch then flows southeast to meet Brown Creek about 4 miles southwest of Ansonville, North Carolina.

## Watershed

Jacks Branch drains 5.42 square miles (14.0 km$^2$) of area, receives about 47.9 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 429.10 and is about 47% forested.
# Gonzalo Segares

Gonzalo Segares González (born October 13, 1982) is a Costa Rican former professional footballer who spent most of his career with Major League Soccer club Chicago Fire. He currently serves as head coach for the United States U17 national team.

## Playing career
### Youth and college

Segares started his career playing in Saprissa's minor league system, before being awarded with a scholarship to play college soccer at Virginia Commonwealth University from 2001 to 2004. Segares was a strong player from his debut, starting all 83 games he played in his four seasons. He registered 16 goals and 10 assists from the back in his four years with the team, was a first-team All-CAA selection his final three years, and was a first team All-American and Hermann Trophy finalist as a senior. During this time he also played with the Williamsburg Legacy in the USL Premier Development League.

### Professional

Segares began his professional career with the Chicago Fire as a 2005 SuperDraft third round selection, and quickly proved himself during his rookie campaign. Segares was in the Fire's starting eleven for the first three games of the 2006 campaign until an ankle injury sidelined the young defender for a month of action. Upon his return, Segares came back with a vengeance, starting 19 of Chicago's last 24 games. Segares also helped the "Men in Red" earn an MLS club-record fourth Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup title in 2006, playing every minute in the tournament's Final. He held down the left side of defense in Chicago's starting XI in 2008 and 2009, while balancing his burgeoning duties for both club and country.
After the 2009 season, Segares left the Fire for Greek Cypriot club Apollon Limassol on a free transfer. In August 2010 Segares returned to the Fire. On December 6, 2012 Chicago Fire re-signed Segares to a multi-year deal. At the end of the 2014 season, the club declined his contract option.
On February 4, 2015, Segares announced his retirement.

### International

Earning his first call up in 2007, Segares participated in 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying and the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup, where Costa Rica made it to the semifinals.

## Coaching career

After his retirement, Segares remained on staff with Chicago Fire as an academy coach and a club ambassador. In January 2020, he joined the United States Soccer Federation becoming United States U15 head coach. On October 18, 2021, Segares was announced as the United States U17 new head coach.

## Coaching statistics

    As of matches played on June 3, 2024.
Coaching record by team and tenure :
| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Team | From | To | P | W | D | L | Win % |
| United States U-17 MNT | Oct 2021 | Present | 19 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 052.6 |
| Total | Total | Total | 19 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 052.6 |

## Personal

Segares holds a U.S. green card which qualified him as a domestic player for MLS roster purposes.

## Honours
### Chicago Fire

* Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup
** Winners (1): 2006

### Individual

* Chicago Fire Defender of the Year:
** Winner: (1): 2007
# Kenny Young (American football)

Kenneth Kim Young (born November 15, 1995) is an American former professional football linebacker. He played college football at UCLA, and was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round of the 2018 NFL draft. He played for the Los Angeles Rams, Denver Broncos, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | 236 lb (107 kg) | 32+3⁄8 in (0.82 m) | 9+1⁄2 in (0.24 m) | 4.60 s | 1.56 s | 2.66 s | 4.48 s | 7.38 s | 36.0 in (0.91 m) | 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) | 23 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine ||||||||||||

### Baltimore Ravens

Young attended UCLA and played college football there. He was eventually drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round with the 122nd overall pick in the 2018 NFL draft. In his first NFL start in the Ravens' season opener against the Buffalo Bills, Young recorded his first career sack to go along with four total tackles. He finished his rookie season with 51 combined tackles, 2.5 sacks, and a forced fumble.

### Los Angeles Rams

On October 15, 2019, Young was traded to the Los Angeles Rams, along with a 5th round draft pick, in exchange for cornerback Marcus Peters.
In Week 14 of the 2020 season against the New England Patriots, Young led the team with eight tackles, sacked Cam Newton once, and intercepted a pass thrown by Newton that he returned for a 79-yard touchdown during the 24–3 win. This was Young's first career touchdown.

### Denver Broncos

On October 25, 2021, Young was traded to the Denver Broncos for a 2024 sixth-round pick.

### Las Vegas Raiders

On May 9, 2022, Young was signed by the Las Vegas Raiders. He was released on August 18.

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

On September 5, 2022, Young was signed to the practice squad of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was promoted to the active roster on September 21, 2022. He was released on October 10.

### New Orleans Saints

On November 10, 2022, Young was signed to the New Orleans Saints practice squad. He was later released by the team.
# William Howard Taft III

William Howard Taft III (August 7, 1915 – February 23, 1991) was an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Ireland from 1953 to 1957, and was a grandson of President William Howard Taft and First Lady Helen Louise "Nellie" Taft.

## Early life

William Howard Taft III was born on August 7, 1915, and was the eldest of four sons born to Robert A. Taft (1889–1953) and Martha Wheaton Bowers (1889–1958), daughter of Lloyd Wheaton Bowers (1859–1910), the former solicitor general of the United States from 1909 to 1910.$^{:127}$ His three brothers were: Robert Taft Jr. (1917–1993), who was elected to the U.S. Senate; Lloyd Bowers Taft (1923–1985), who worked as an investment banker in Cincinnati, and Horace Dwight Taft (1925–1983), who became a professor of physics and dean at Yale. At the time of his birth, his grandfather had just ended his Presidency and had recently become the Kent Professor of Law and Legal History at Yale Law School. Taft graduated from Yale University and earned a doctorate from Princeton University.

## Career

After graduating from Princeton, Taft taught English at the University of Maryland and Haverford College. During World War II, Taft became an analyst in military intelligence. After the war ended, he went back to Yale and taught there.
In 1949, he went to Dublin as part of the Marshall Plan aid mission and worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Department from 1951 to 1953.

### Ambassador to Ireland

In 1953, President Eisenhower appointed Taft U.S. ambassador to Ireland. His task as ambassador was made easier by the fact that John A. Costello (Taoiseach, 1954–57) was a personal friend; Taft described Costello as "pleasant and unassuming" whereas he had found Éamon de Valera "formal and aloof". (His predecessor, George A. Garrett, had also found Costello more sympathetic than de Valera.) Taft played a considerable part in organizing Costello's successful state visit to the United States in March 1956.
In 1957, Eisenhower appointed R. W. Scott McLeod as his successor to the Ambassadorship and Taft returned to the State Department as a member of its policy planning staff. He remained with State until 1960, when he became Consul General in Mozambique. He retired from the State Department's bureau for scientific, environmental and space affairs in 1977.

## Personal life

Taft married Barbara Bradfield, with whom he had four children:
* John Thomas Taft
* William Howard Taft IV (b. 1945), who married Julia Vadala (1942–2008)
* Maria Herron Taft, who married John Clemow, son of Albert George Clemow, in 1971.
* Martha Bowers Taft, who married Michael Golden, son of the British Michael Golden, in 1971.
Taft was a member of the Metropolitan Club of Washington, D.C. He died of prostate cancer at his Washington home on February 23, 1991.
# Giuseppe Frascarelli

Giuseppe Frascarelli (c. 1923 – 7 January 2014) was an Italian footballer who primarily played as a midfielder. During the 1940s, he captained Ascoli.
Giuseppe Frascarelli died on 7 January 2014, aged 90, in his hometown of Ascoli Piceno, Italy. He was survived by his wife and their three children.
# Tim Smith (wide receiver)

Timothy Francis Smith (born March 20, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1980 to 1986).

## High school career

A native of Chula Vista, California, Smith attended St. Augustine High School in nearby San Diego. He was prepared to play college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish until the retirement of their head coach, Ara Parseghian, after which Smith committed to Nebraska.

## College career

Smith was a three-year starter at Nebraska, where he had 72 catches for 1,089 yards. He also punted for the Cornhuskers, averaging 40.1 yards on 135 kicks. As a collegian, he played in the Liberty, Orange and Cotton bowls. He was team captain as a senior and was first-team All-Big Eight. Smith was selected to play in the East–West Shrine Bowl.

## Professional career

Smith was selected in the third round of the draft by the Houston Oilers. He gained more than 1,000 yards receiving in both the 1983 and 1984 seasons.
On April 24, 1987 San Diego Chargers acquired Tim Smith for a 1988 draft choice.
# Troups Creek

Troups Creek is a tributary of the Cowanesque River in Steuben County, New York and Tioga County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 15.2 miles (24.5 km) long and flows through Troupsburg in Steuben County, New York and Brookfield Township, Deerfield Township, and Knoxville in Tioga County, Pennsylvania. It is possible to canoe on portions of the creek at times.

## Course

Troups Creek begins in northern Troupsburg, Steuben County, New York. It flows southeast for several miles before turning east for some distance. The creek then turns south and begins flowing parallel to New York State Route 36. After several miles, it passes Young Hickory Hollow and Squab Hollow and turns south-southeast and then southeast. Several miles further downstream, the creek exits Troupsburg and Steuben County.
Upon exiting Steuben County, New York, Troups Creek enters Brookfield Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania. In this township, the creek almost immediately receives the tributary North Brook and begins flowing parallel to Pennsylvania Route 249. A short distance further downstream, it picks up the tributaries South Brook Troups Creek and Biscuit Hollow. The creek then enters Deerfield Township, Tioga County and continues southeast, receiving the tributaries Christie Run and Crotch Run. Some distance later, the creek turns south and enters the community of Knoxville. In Knoxville, it crosses Pennsylvania Route 49 and reaches its confluence with the Cowanesque River.

## Geography

The elevation near the mouth of Troups Creek is 1,233 feet (376 m) above sea level.
The valley of Troups Creek is narrow and contains pastures. Floodplains inhabited by sycamore trees are also found on some areas of the creek. The creek has low banks, which have riprap on them in places. There are thick deposits of cobbles, gravel bars, and rock gardens on it. However, the creek has only a few strainers.
Troups Creek has a gauging station on Pennsylvania Route 49.

## Recreation

It is possible to canoe on 6.8 miles (10.9 km) of Troups Creek during a rapid snowmelt or within two days of heavy rain. The difficulty rating of the creek is 2. Edward Gertler describes the scenery along it as "good" in his book Keystone Canoeing.