OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# India (cat)

India "Willie" Bush (July 13, 1990 – January 4, 2009) was a female solid black American Shorthair cat owned by former U.S. President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush. She lived with the Bush family for almost two decades.

## Biography

The Bushes acquired India, a solid black, female American Shorthair, in late 1991 or 1992 when their twin daughters Barbara and Jenna Bush were nine years old. India remained with George and Laura Bush once their daughters left for college. The cat moved with the Bushes to the White House from the Texas Governor's Mansion in Austin in early 2001 following Bush's inauguration as president.
Despite living at the White House with the First Family, India was overshadowed in the media by the Bushes' higher-profile Scottish terriers, Barney and Miss Beazley. However, she was seen in the "Barneycam" videos produced by the White House staff around Christmas time, her first appearance being Where in the White House is Miss Beazley?, where she was referred to as "Willie". The dogs received significantly more media attention from the White House press corps during the Bush presidency.
India made an appearance, again as "Willie", in the March 2008 Architectural Digest in the East Sitting Hall of the White House.
India died at the White House on January 4, 2009, at the age of 18. In a press release, a spokesperson for the First Lady said that the family was "deeply saddened by their cat's death", and went on to say "India was a beloved member of the Bush family for almost two decades. She will be greatly missed."

## Controversy in India

There was some controversy reported in India as some people were upset with the cat's name. In July 2004, demonstrators in the city of Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala denounced the cat's name as an insult to the nation of India, and burned an effigy of President Bush in protest. The Bushes did not change the cat's name in response to the demonstrations, as their cat had been named after the baseball player Rubén Sierra, who was nicknamed "El Indio" during his time with the Texas Rangers when Bush owned the team. The name "India" had reportedly been given to the family cat by their daughter Barbara.
# Lavat

Lavat is a surname. It may refer to:
* Adriana Lavat (born 1974), Mexican actress and television host
* Jorge Lavat (1933−2011), Mexican film and television actor
* José Lavat (1948–2018), Mexican voice actor
* Queta Lavat (born 1929), Mexican film and television actress
# Perth Amboy Refinery

The Perth Amboy Refinery is a refinery built in 1920. It is between Convery Boulevard and State Street in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, adjacent to the Outerbridge Crossing. Via rail it is served by Conrail's Chemical Coast and the former Perth Amboy and Woodbridge lines. Oil tankers and lighter can reach the refinery along the Arthur Kill.

## History

The refinery opened in 1920, by the Barber Asphalt Company. Chevron Corporation acquired the Perth Amboy Refinery in 1945.
In 1983 the refinery stopped production of gasoline and heating oil and concentrated on asphalt refining.
A spill occurred in 2006 that resulted in approximately 31,000 gallons of oil released. Approximately 119,448 gallons of oil-water mixture were recovered and stored. Approximately 477,234 pounds of oil absorbents and other contaminated solids were removed during the cleanup. At the end of 2008 the refinery had an asphalt refining capacity of 80,000 barrels (13,000,000 L).
In 2012 the refinery was sold to Buckeye Partners for $260 million. Buckeye planned to again produce multiple petroleum products at the site.
# 1940 Middlesbrough West by-election

The 1940 Middlesbrough West by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 7 August 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of Middlesbrough West.

## Previous MP

The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Liberal Member of Parliament (MP), Frank Kingsley Griffith (23 December 1889 – 25 September 1962) vacated his seat on becoming a County Court Judge.
Griffith was first elected as the constituency's MP at the 1928 Middlesbrough West by-election, caused by the death of the previous Liberal MP Walter Trevelyan Thomson. Griffith had previously contested Bromley in 1922, 1923 and 1924.

## Candidates

The election took place during the Second World War. Under an agreement between the Conservative, Labour and Liberal parties; who were participating in a wartime coalition, the party holding a seat would not be opposed by the other two at a by-election. Accordingly, the Liberal Party nominated a candidate, but no Labour or Conservative representative was put forward. As no one else was nominated, there was an unopposed return and no poll took place.
The Liberal Party candidate, supporting the coalition government, was Harcourt Johnstone (19 May 1895 – 1 March 1945).
Johnstone was elected unopposed as the constituency's MP at the by-election. He sat for the seat until he died. Johnstone had previously been MP for Willesden East 1923 – 1924 and South Shields 1931 – 1935.

## Result and votes

7 August 1940 by-election: Middlesbrough West :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Harcourt Johnstone | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Liberal hold |
# An Egyptian Cigarette

"An Egyptian Cigarette" is a short story written by Kate Chopin, first published in April 1900 in Vogue 15. It is about an experience induced by a powerful cigarette, leading the narrator to have a disturbing dream in which her lover abandons her.

## Plot summary

The narrator of this short story is handed a hand-made box of cigarettes that is made in yellow paper by an architect. The narrator is first hesitant, but then takes the box. As soon as she takes the first cigarette her mind immediately goes into a strange dream where her visions make her feel grief, love, and suicidal in the desert.
When the woman smokes the cigarette, she imagines a dark vision in her head. She imagines that she is covered in the desert sand and that her lover has abandoned her. The woman tries to follow her lover but because of her stumbling feet she ends up falling in the sand which blisters her body. She decided to lay there at night and while doing that, thinks of the water engulfing her in her sleep. She knew her love was not coming back for her because he didn't do what he always does, kiss her. And because of that, she thinks he is never coming back to her.
After the tobacco has left her body, she wakes up from her dream. The architect comes running in and gives her a cup of coffee. The narrator is afraid of what the other cigarettes might make her envision so she crumbles the rest of them up in her hand and lets the wind blow them away.

## Critical reception

When this short story first came out the themes of women started to change. With that being said, there are not a lot of reviews about this story. An author, Pamela Knights, commented that many critics back in the 19th century downplay Chopin's associations because of the 19th century regional writing. Chopin was limited in the subjects she could write about. Even though there are not of a lot of reviews of her short stories, another author states that "in Chopin's own day, her collections of short stories were her most esteemed works, while her novel was views with some embarrassment".

## Analysis

Chopin mainly focused on themes about women's sexual passion and color stories about Rural Louisiana. Her greatest work is The Awakening which received a lot of hostile criticism. For example, "critics suggest that works as The Awakening were scandalous and therefore not socially embraced". A reviewer from Choice Reviews suggested that her novel was ultimately going to struggle because her society that she lived in during the time restricted her rights of freedom to write what she wanted. This novel was not well compared to her short stories. "An Egyptian Cigarette" was perceived to be more relatable to than her novels. The themes of women began to change in the 19th century which lead Emily Toth, a professor of English and Women's Studies at Louisiana State University, to say that Kate Chopin's short stories began to see more appreciation. Emily Toth also says that women liked her short stories more during a time when American women eagerly wanted to know more about their female ancestors.
# Andrew J. Newman

Andrew J. Newman holds the chair of Islamic Studies and Persian at the University of Edinburgh.

## Education and career

Newman majored in history at Dartmouth College, graduating summa cum laude. He went to the University of California, Los Angeles for graduate study in Islamic studies, and earned his Ph.D. there. After postdoctoral research at Green Templeton College, Oxford, affiliated with Oxford's Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, he joined the Department of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Edinburgh in 1996.

## Books

Newman's books include:
* The Formative Period of Twelver Shī'ism: Hadīth as Discourse Between Qum and Baghdad (2000)
* Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire (2006)
* Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722 (2013)
His work on Safavid Iran won Iran's Book of the Year Awards for 2007 in the category of Iranian Studies.
* Biography portal
# 1942 Whitechapel and St Georges by-election

The Whitechapel and St. George's by-election, 1942 was a by-election held on 8 August 1942 for the British House of Commons constituency of Whitechapel and St. George's, which covered Whitechapel, Shadwell, Wapping, and St George in the East in the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney.
The by-election was caused by the death of the constituency's Labour Party Member of Parliament James Henry Hall, who had held the seat since the 1935 general election, having previously been the seat's MP between 1930 and 1931.
In accordance with the war-time electoral pact, neither the Conservative nor the Liberal parties fielded a candidate. Labour's candidate was Stoker Edwards.
There being no other candidates, Edwards was returned unopposed.

## Election results

Whitechapel and St. George's by-election, 1942 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | Stoker Edwards | Unopposed | N/A | N/A |
| | Labour hold | Labour hold | Swing | N/A | |
General election 14 November 1935: Whitechapel and St. George's :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labour | J. H. Hall | 13,374 | 54.7 | +13.1 |
| | Liberal | Barnett Janner | 11,093 | 45.3 | −1.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,281 | 9.4 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 24,467 | | |
| | Labour gain from Liberal | Labour gain from Liberal | Swing | +7.2 | |
# Pontypool Free Press

The Pontypool Free Press is an English language weekly regional newspaper that was originally published in Pontypool, as the Pontypool Free Press and Herald of the Hills, in 1859 and is circulated in Pontypool and the surrounding area of Torfaen, in south-east Wales.

## History

The Pontypool Free Press and Herald of the Hills was established in 1859, with the first edition on 5 March 1859. It was printed and published in Pontypool, in English, by the proprietor David Walkinshaw. In 1877 Henry Hughes Junior agreed to purchase the paper, along with the Pontypool Local Register and the Pontypool Almanack, for £1,000 from Walkinshaw.
The name of the newspaper changed on 5 July 1879, to The Pontypool Free Press, and on 2 April 1909 to The Free Press of Monmouthshire.
In the 1980s, Don Touhig, later to become the Member of Parliament for Islwyn and a life peer, was editor of the newspaper. Touhig worked on the paper from 1968 to 1994, starting as a journalist, and ending as general manager of the Free Press Group.
An edition covering Chepstow was added in 1980, with other editions added later, giving four titles produced by the Free Press Group:
* Abergavenny Free Press
* Chepstow Free Press
* Monmouth Free Press
* Pontypool Free Press
In 1997 the Bailey Newspaper Group, the then owners of the Free Press Group, was bought by Southern Newspapers, based in Southampton. In 1998 Southern Newspapers changed its name to Newscom and, in 2000, was bought by the Newsquest Media Group.

## Current owners

In November 2008 Newsquest Media (Southern) Ltd merged the Abergavenny, Chepstow, and Monmouth editions into one edition covering Monmouthshire called The Free Press. The Pontypool Free Press continued as a separate edition.
In November 2011 Newsquest moved the editorial staff to its regional headquarters, at the offices of the South Wales Argus, in Newport, closing its offices in Pontypool and Chepstow. Soon after, Torfaen County Borough Council offered the paper an office at the Pontypool Civic Centre, and journalists now use the office as a drop-in centre every Friday.
The paper maintains a close relationship with the local rugby club, Pontypool RFC, as "Official Media Partner".
The paper is part of a group of papers covering some of south-east Wales, including the South Wales Argus, Penarth Times, and the Penarth & District News. The papers are all based at Cardiff Road, Maesglas, Newport NP20 3QN, with Kevin Ward as Regional Managing Editor and Nicole Garnon as Deputy Editor. The paper is currently released as a tabloid and in 2013 had an average circulation of 5,022 (including The Free Press) with a cover price of £0.40.

## Archives

Paper, and microfiche, archives of the Pontypool Free Press and The Free Press of Monmouthshire are held at Gwent Archives, Ebbw Vale and Newport Central Library.
An online digital archive of the paper (1859–1869 and 1872–1893) is available from Welsh Newspapers Online.
# Croydon Clocktower

Croydon Clocktower is an arts and museum complex located on Katharine Street in Croydon, London.

## History

The venue, which forms part of the 19th-century Town Hall, was opened as an arts and museum complex by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994. A notable early success was the Picasso exhibition in March to May 1995 named Picasso's Croydon Period.
The venue contains the Museum of Croydon, Clocktower Café and the Croydon Central Library. Other facilities which can be accessed from Croydon Clocktower include the David Lean Cinema, which offers a regular programme of art house and independent films, and the Braithwaite Hall, which is used for concerts, theatre and children's shows.
# Greatest Hits (Maureen McGovern album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
Greatest Hits is the first collection of Maureen McGovern's previously recorded material. The album is a re-package of McGovern's 1979 self-titled album with the song order re-arranged and with the substitution of "The Morning After" in place of "Life's A Long Way Down." The album cover uses the picture from the front cover of the 1979 self-titled album. The album omits two of her best received movie theme songs, "We May Never Love Like This Again" and "We Could Have It All" as well as other Adult Contemporary hits from McGovern's first three albums.

## Album credits

* Tracks 2–10 produced by: Michael Lloyd
* Executive producer: Mike Curb
* Art direction/design: Neuman, Walker & Associates
* Album coordination: Marguerite Luciani
# Hiroko Mima

Hiroko Mima (美馬 寛子, Mima Hiroko, born December 5, 1986) is a Japanese fashion model, athlete and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Japan 2008. She then represented Japan at Miss Universe 2008 in Vietnam and placed Top 15.

## Biography

Mima attended Nihon University, majoring is physical education. Mima suffers from a bone marrow disease which left the right side of her body incapacitated for three months when she was 13 years old, and a nerve disease called Guillain–Barré syndrome in junior high school. Since then Mima has returned to sports and competed seven times at the Japan National Track and Field Competition. She competes in the track and field team with a high jump of 1.65 m, approaching her own height of 1.73 m. Shortly after losing her grandmother, who died when she slipped on the bathroom floor, Mima lost her father in a car accident before winning Miss Universe Japan 2008.

## Miss Universe Japan

Hiroko Mima, as a 21-year-old physical education student from Tokushima in Western Japan, was crowned Miss Universe Japan 2008 on April 3, beating out nine other finalists and a total of about 4,000 entrants. Staged at the Tokyo International Forum, the final competition featured a "Fashion Island" performance. The nine other contestants who competed against Hiroko Mima were: Kana Anan, Sayo Yamaguchi, Yukari Honna, Moe Aoki, Yuri Horita, Rui Watanabe, Yoshimi Sato, Chie Hirai and Azusa Nishigaki.

## Miss Universe 2008

She was the official representative for Japan at the Miss Universe 2008 pageant which took place in Nha Trang, Vietnam on July 14, 2008.

## Miss Universe Japan National Director

As of 2018, Hiroko Mima is the National Director of Miss Universe Japan. Mima have previously trained Emiri Miyasaka for Miss Universe 2009.
# Ramona Langley

Ramona Langley (July 9, 1893 – November 11, 1983) was an American film actress who was active in Hollywood during the silent era. She was known primarily for her work in comedies for Universal and Nestor.

## Biography

A native of Los Angeles, Ramona was born in 1893 to John Langley and Mary Niles. She would later tell reporters she was named after Helen Hunt Jackson's novel Ramona.
In 1913, the same year she began appearing in one-reel films for the Nestor Comedy Company, she married industrialist Clarence English, and the pair relocated to a large ranch near Chihuahua, Mexico. Less than a year later, the pair evacuated their home and returned to Hollywood as a result of the Mexican Border War.
Ramona was severely injured in 1914 on the set of the Universal Pictures film, She Was Only a Working Girl, after she and her male co-stars fell on a slippery concrete floor. Crushed under the weight of the men, Ramona suffered major internal injuries and was reportedly urged by director Al Christie to continue the shoot. Despite lingering injuries that kept her in a sanatorium bed for months, the studio refused to compensate her for her suffering, and she was replaced in the finished film by Victoria Forde.
After her recovery, she retired from filmmaking and focused on raising her three children. Eventually, in 1938, she and English separated. That same year, Langley married her second husband, politician Clare Woolwine, in Lake Tahoe. Woolwine died a year later after suffering a heart attack.
Ramona died on November 11, 1983, in Los Angeles.

## Select filmography

* Scooped by a Hencoop (1914)
* His Royal Pants (1914)
* Twixt Love and Flour (1914)
* When Billy Proposed (1914)
* Snobbery (1914)
* Cupid's Close Shave (1914)
* When Ursus Threw the Bull (1914)
* And the Villain Still Pursued Her (1914)
* A Tale of the West (1914)
* Teaching Dad a Lesson (1913)
* A Woman's Way (1913)
* Her Friend, the Butler (1913)
* Locked Out at Twelve (1913)
* When He Lost to Win (1913)
* An Elephant on His Hands (1913)
* The Golden Princess Mine (1913)
* Love, Luck and a Paint Brush (1913)
* His Wife's Burglar (1913)
* Western Hearts (1913)
* Curses! Said the Villain (1913)
* A Man of the People (1913)
* What the Wild Waves Did (1913)
* Under Western Skies (1913)
* Their Two Kids (1913)
* His Crazy Job (1913)
* The Battle of Bull Con (1913)
* The Girl Ranchers (1913)
* Won by a Skirt (1913)
* The Trail of the Serpent (1913)
* Cupid's Bad Aim (1913)
* Weighed in the Balance (1913)
* Some Runner (1913)
* Hawkeye to the Rescue (1913)
* The Pretender (1913)
# Amara fulva

Amara fulva is a species of ground beetle native to Europe.
# Pick Up the Mic

Pick Up the Mic is a documentary film, released in 2006, which profiles the underground homo hop scene, which is a subgenre of hip hop that includes gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender artists. The film was directed by Alex Hinton.
The documentary had its premiere at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival. Subsequently, the film screened at other film festivals around the world. An edited version aired nationally in the United States on the Logo cable television channel.
Though homophobia is a phenomenon commonly laid at the feet of mainstream hip hop, pop culture's relationship to it has also been shaped by white middle class LGBT communities' covert and overt racism and internalized homophobia.
As a result, the attendant conversations in LGBT and straight mainstream media around the subject tend to gravitate toward the speculative (Queen Pen's 1998 single "Your Girlfriend") and the apocryphal (the brief career of self-proclaimed "gay rapper" Caushun, who was the subject of a flurry of mainstream press from 2001 to 2003, yet failed to release an album or single through his reported record deal with Kimora Lee Simmons' Baby Phat imprint).
Homohop is a growing subgenre of aggressive pro-gay lyrics directly confronting the perceived homophobia of mainstream rap. It is a significant underground gay hip hop movement, spearheaded by many of the artists profiled in Pick Up the Mic. The performance footage in the documentary was shot at the PeaceOUT World Homo Hop Festival in Oakland, California between 2002 and 2004, and Peace Out East, a sister festival in New York City curated by Judge "Dutchboy" Muscat and Shante "Paradigm" Smalls. All of the artists featured in Pick Up the Mic have released multiple independent recordings and have toured the United States and internationally over the past several years. Katastrophe, Deep Dickollective and Scream Club have been among the most prolific, with the Scream Club making several tours across Europe in recent years, where they have developed a cult-like following.

## Artists

* Juba Kalamka
* Deep Dickollective
* Dutchboy
* Tori Fixx
* Deadlee
* Tim'm T. West
* JB Rap
* JenRO
* Katastrophe
* Marcus Rene Van
* Miss Money
* Paradigm
* Aggracyst
* QBoy
* Cazwell
* Johnny Dangerous
* God-Des
* Tina G (aka She of God-Des and She)
* Scream Club
* Soce, the elemental wizard
# Frenchman Creek (Republican River tributary)

Frenchman Creek is a spring-fed waterway that begins in Phillips County, Colorado, crosses Chase and Hayes counties in Nebraska and ends at its juncture with the Republican River in Hitchcock County, Nebraska. The length of the waterway is approximately 166 miles (267 km).

## History

Various mills and irrigation works have been built on Frenchman Creek. A 100 barrel roller mill was built on the east side of the falls in Wauneta in 1887 by Blair and Polly.
In 1888, Champion Mill was built on the Frenchman in the community of Champion by Thomas Scott; it operated commercially, grinding flour and feed grain, from 1888 to 1968. The last functional water-powered mill in Nebraska, it was purchased by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission in 1969 and is preserved as a state historical park.
Frenchman Creek flows into Enders Reservoir near the village of Enders, Nebraska . Enders Dam was built in 1947-1951 as part of the Missouri Basin Program of the Bureau of Reclamation. Water stored at Enders is diverted into the Frenchman-Cambridge Irrigation district. Enders Reservoir State Recreation Area is a popular location for fishing, hunting and other outdoor recreation activities.
Flows in the Frenchman, and associated releases from Enders Reservoir, have declined over the years. The primary cause is believed to be the lowering of water table levels due to groundwater irrigation in the Frenchman Basin. This has reduced the flows of springs that have historically fed the creek. In order to maintain the recreational and wildlife environments on the reservoir, irrigation releases were halted after 2002.