OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Submarine Parachute Assistance Group

The Royal Navy's Submarine Parachute Assistance Group (SPAG) is a team who provide a rescue support capability to submarine sinking incidents worldwide, available at short notice.

## History

The Submarine Parachute Assistance Group was originally formed from staff of the RN Submarine Escape Training Tank (SETT) at HMS Dolphin in Gosport, Hampshire. The SETT was part of the RN Submarine School, providing wet training in submarine escape drills for both new submariners and those requiring periodic requalification. With the move of the school to HMS Raleigh in Cornwall, in 1999, the SPAG remained at the SETT until the cessation of wet training in 2009. At that point the SPAG was moved to HMS Raleigh.
On 19 November 2017, the SPAG were deployed to HMS Protector in aid of international search efforts for the missing Argentinian submarine San Juan.

## Personnel

The team is made up of instructor personnel from the Royal Navy Submarine School. Members of the group are trained submariners or medical staff posted to the school, subsequently trained in water entry parachute skills. While the SETT was still active, some members of SPAG were trained in diving skills.

## Deployment and role

The SPAG can be activated at 6 hours notice, to fly to a submarine sinking incident, regardless of the operator of the vessel. The team may work in conjunction with the NATO Submarine Rescue System.
The team is configured to enter the water at the location of the incident, using a static line from the rear ramp of the aircraft. Equipment pods dropped with the team contain Rigid-hulled inflatable boats, life rafts, food, water and medical supplies. This equipment allows the team to establish an afloat reception package for submariners evacuating the sunken vessel, in order to provide medical and life support.

## Regalia

Members of the SPAG are trained in basic parachuting and entitled to wear the Parachute Badge, although, due to a lack of "an arduous training course", they must wear the un-winged variant .
# Dead Indian Creek (Oregon)

Dead Indian Creek is a tributary of South Fork Little Butte Creek in Jackson County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It flows generally north through the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest in the Cascade Range east of Medford. The creek begins at 2,562 feet (781 m) above sea level near Howard Prairie Lake and enters the South Fork at Camp Latgawa. The South Fork flows northwest to meet the North Fork near Lake Creek; combined they form Little Butte Creek, a tributary of the Rogue River.
Dead Indian Creek was so named in the 1850s when two Tututni died near its banks. According to Oregon Geographic Names, Dead Indian Mountain and Dead Indian Memorial Road are also named after the same incident in which two settlers found two dead Native Americans in deserted dwellings near the creek. The road, originally named "Dead Indian Road" but renamed to avoid being interpreted as denigrating, eventually extended from Ashland, past the mountain and the creek to Upper Klamath Lake.
# Dylan Girdlestone

Dylan Girdlestone (born 11 October 1989) is a South African professional racing cyclist.
# Segundo Imbert

Brigadier General Segundo Francisco Imbert del Monte (May 12, 1837 – October 16, 1905) was a Dominican military figure and politician; he was Vice President of the Dominican Republic, Foreign minister, and was candidate for the Presidency of the Dominican Republic.

## Family

Imbert was born to José María Imbert and María Francisca del Monte; His father, of French descent, was mayor of Moca during the Haitian occupation period from 1822 to 1844. He was born in that city and settled in Puerto Plata since the First Republic, appearing in the regiment of that place as a lieutenant.
He married Manuela Mesnier (whose father was French). He was the paternal grandfather of General Antonio Imbert Barrera.

## Dominican Restoration War

When the Grito del Capotillo (Cry of Capotillo) was given in 1863, he joined the ranks of the restorers opposed to the annexation to Spain, even participating in several campaigns of the Dominican Restoration War. As an assistant to General José Cabrera, he obtained the rank of colonel.

## Later years and death

He was Minister of Justice and Public Instruction in the government of Cesáreo Guillermo (1878). In the biennium of Ulises Heureaux (1882-1884) he was interim Minister of War and Navy (1882) and of the Interior and Police (1882 and 1883), and also Minister of Foreign Affairs. Between 1887 and 1889 he served as vice president of the Republic.
His liberal principles led him to join the blue party, which he served with absolute fidelity in defense of the interests of the Dominican people. He remained by Gregorio Luperón's side in all his patriotic actions both in the country and in exile. During the course of the various revolutionary conspiracies that were carried out abroad to overthrow the Six Years regime of Buenaventura Báez, he was one of the few who refused to receive gifts and privileges. He accompanied Luperón on the expedition of the steamship El Telégrafo that began in the Bay of Saint-Marc, Haiti, and was among the 45 Dominicans who entered the national territory through the hills of the Haitian Capotillo to combat Báez's intentions to annex the Dominican Republic to the United States. As governor of Puerto Plata, he acted with rectitude and probity. In the 1884 elections, Imbert ran as a candidate for the presidency of the Republic along with Casimiro de Moya as vice president. His adversaries were Francisco Gregorio Billini and Alejandro Woss y Gil. The polls favored the first, but Ulises Heureaux entered 15,000 votes and Congress proclaimed the second winners. Two years later, he again participated in the elections as a candidate for Vice President and his ticket won. Once the civil war of those days ended, in which he defended the Government, he retired to private life because he did not agree with Heureaux's policy, and established his residence in Puerto Plata.
# Margaret Dilke

Margaret "Maye" Dilke born Margaret Mary Smith became "Mrs. William Russell Cooke" (4 September 1857 – 19 May 1914) was a British writer and campaigner for women's rights.

## Life

Dilke was born in 1857. Her parents were Martha Mary (born Dalrymple) and Thomas Eustace Smith. Her father owned Newcastle shipping interests and he was a Liberal MP for Tynemouth (1868–85). Her parents travelled widely and they were patrons of the arts and this included particularly the Pre-Raphaelites. She had five other sisters and they were educated at home as well as in Lausanne in Switzerland. Margaret also went to Orleans, where she qualified herself as a French teacher.
Margaret married in 1876 Ashton Wentworth Dilke. Her sister Virginia who had a talent for languages married a Scottish lawyer named Donald Crawford who become MP for North-East Lanarkshire on 27 July 1881. In 1878 Margaret joined the National Society for Women's Suffrage as sat on its executive.
Dilke's husband resigned his seat in parliament in 1883 as he had tuberculosis. He died that year in Algiers. Her husband's brother Charles became the guardian of their children. In 1885 her sister, Virginia, told her husband, Donald, that she had an affair with Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet, Margaret's brother-in-law. The divorce destroyed her reputation, that of Sir Charles Dilke and eventually involved her mother Ellen Dilke and her sister's real lover. The divorce led to two court cases which attracted much interest.
Dilke's sister, Virginia's, messy divorce completed in 1885 and after a trip abroad she returned to England, where she stayed with Maye. Virginia was a social pariah and Maye interceded by obtaining work for her with W. T. Stead. He was the editor of Pall Mall Gazette.
In 1888 she went to Washington to attend the first International Council of Women. The conference was not about suffrage as this was too contentious but involved 49 delegates who were women leaders from nine countries.
In 1891, she married William Russell Cooke and she had two more children. Her husband was a solicitor who had founded Russell-Cooke Solicitors in 1880 with his brother.

## Death and legacy

Dilke died a widow in Newport in 1914. Dilke had published a book titled "Women's Suffrage" in 1885. The book went through the usual reasons given for giving women the vote and justifying women's demand for equality. It was published as a volume in Charles Buxton's Imperial Parliament series.
# Bruno Boni

Bruno Boni (13 May 1915 – 30 March 2003) was an Italian rower who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Cremona. In 1948 he won the bronze medal with his partner Felice Fanetti in the coxless pairs event.
# Akuammine

Akuammine (vincamajoridine) is an indole alkaloid. It is the most abundant alkaloid found in the seeds from the tree Picralima nitida, commonly known as akuamma, comprising 0.56% of the dried powder. It has also been isolated from Vinca major. Akuammine is structurally related to yohimbine, mitragynine and more distantly Voacangine, all of which are alkaloid plant products with pharmacological properties.

## Pharmacology

Akuammine has antimalarial activity, and may be the primary constituent of P. nitida seeds responsible for this activity.
Akuammine is an opioid agonist with low affinity, selective for the mu-opioid receptor, when tested in vitro.
# East Brookfield River

The East Brookfield River is a 2.4-mile-long (3.9 km) river in Massachusetts that heads at Lake Lashaway in East Brookfield at an elevation of 614 feet (187 m) above sea level. It continues to Quaboag Pond, at an elevation of 594 feet (181 m).

## History

This river receives its name from East Brookfield, Massachusetts. Via the Quaboag River, it is part of the Chicopee River Watershed.

## Watershed

This river starts at the Lake Lashaway Dam, near State Route 9 and continues through wetlands to Quaboag Pond. Numerous local brooks and streams from the towns of East Brookfield, North Brookfield, and Spencer drain the watershed into Lake Lashaway and the East Brookfield River. About one mile from its mouth at Quaboag Pond, the Seven Mile River joins, draining water from Spencer and surrounding areas.

## Coordinates

* 42°13′34″N 72°03′00″W﻿ / ﻿42.22611°N 72.05000°W﻿ / 42.22611; -72.05000 Head at Lake Lashaway Dam
* 42°12′04″N 72°03′27″W﻿ / ﻿42.20111°N 72.05750°W﻿ / 42.20111; -72.05750 Mouth at Quaboag Pond
# Vestalia

Vestalia was a Roman religious festival in honor of Vesta, the goddess of the hearth and the burning continuation of the sacred fire of Rome. It was held from 7–15 June, and was reserved as a women's-only event.
Domestic and family life in general were represented by the festival of the goddess of the house and of the spirits of the storechamber — Vesta and the Penates — on Vestalia. On the first day of festivities the penus Vestae (sanctum sanctorum of the temple of Vesta which was usually curtained off) was opened, for the only time during the year, at which women offered sacrifices. As long as the curtain remained open, mothers could come, barefoot and disheveled, to leave offerings to the goddess in exchange for a blessing to them and their family.
The animal consecrated to Vesta, the donkey, was crowned with garlands of flowers and bits of bread on 9 June. Ovid says that donkeys were adorned with necklaces of bread-bits in memory of the myth where Vesta is nearly violated by Priapus. In that myth, it is the untimely bray of a donkey that startles Priapus and causes him to flee. Before that, he says donkeys were honored on 9 June in thanks for the services they provided in the bakeries.
The final day, 15 June, was Quando Stercum Delatum Fas ["when dung may be removed lawfully"]. The penus Vestae was solemnly closed, the Flaminica Dialis observed mourning, and the temple was subjected to a purification called stercoratio: the filth was swept from the temple and carried next by the route called clivus Capitolinus and then into the Tiber.
The military Feriale Duranum of AD 224 records the first day of Vestalia as Vesta apperit[ur] and the last day as Vesta cluditur.
# Reynard Butler

Reynard Butler (born 3 April 1989) is a South African cyclist, who most recently rode for UCI Continental team ProTouch.

## Major results
### 2010

    2nd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships

### 2015

    1st Team time trial, African Games
    1st PMB Road Classic, KZN Autumn Series

### 2016

    Tour Ethiopian Meles Zenawi
       1st Stages 3 & 5
    1st Stage 4 Tour of Good Hope

### 2017

    1st Stage 3 Mpumalanga Tour

### 2018

    1st Stage 3 (TTT) Tour de Limpopo
    4th Road race, National Road Championships

### 2019

    1st Stage 4 Tour of China II
    4th 100 Cycle Challenge
# Utukok River

The Utukok River (Iñupiaq: Utuqqaq) is a 225-mile (362 km) long stream in the North Slope Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It rises in the De Long Mountains at the confluence of Kogruk and Tupik creeks and flows north, northeast, and then northwest. It empties into Kasegaluk Lagoon on the Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Icy Cape. It is the breeding ground for Arctic caribou and various birds.
Utuqqaq, meaning old or ancient, is the Inuit name for Icy Cape. Variant names used for the river in the 19th century included "Utukak" and "Ootokok".
# Merab Mamardashvili

Merab Mamardashvili (Georgian: მერაბ მამარდაშვილი, ; September 15, 1930 – November 25, 1990) was a Georgian philosopher.

## Biography

He was born in Gori (Eastern Georgia). In 1955, he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy, Moscow State University. From 1968 to 1987, he was a deputy editor of the scientific journal "Voprosy Filosofii" ("Questions of Philosophy"). He became a professor at the Moscow State University and a senior research fellow at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Science. From 1987 to 1990, Mamardashvili was head of the Department at the Tsereteli Institute of Philosophy, at the Georgian Academy of Sciences and a Professor at the Tbilisi State University.
He died from a heart attack at Moscow Vnukovo airport on November 25, 1990, and was buried in Tbilisi in a family grave, at the Saburtalo cemetery. In May 2001, a monument to him was unveiled in Tbilisi.

## Philosophical activity

In his life, only a few books were published, his lectures (for his style of lecturing, he and others called them "dialogues" or "conversations", and he was called "Russian (or Georgian) Socrates") were taped and published after his death by his disciple Yuri Senokosov, co-founder with Elena Nemirovskaya of the former Moscow School of Political Studies . Lecturing abroad, Mamardashvili gave talks in Germany, France, and other countries.
Influenced by René Descartes and classical German philosophy (especially Immanuel Kant), Mamardashvili contributed to the rationalist theory of perception. His main research fields were the general gnoseological notion of processes of analysis and synthesis, the methodology of science and the historic-philosophical studies, the role of consciousness in social being, the relationship between consciousness and the aesthetics, and the overall meta-theory of language and consciousness. He considered consciousness the ultimate subject of philosophy. Some of the most famous phrases coined by Mamardashvili are: "consciousness is paradoxicalness impossible to get used to", "consciousness is an experience of inexperiencible experiences", "phenomenology is the accompanying feature of all of philosophy", "loneliness is my profession" and so on.
In the preview to the edition of the major compilation of his works in 2002, he was introduced as "one of the most interesting contemporary philosophers, a man of impeccable style, magical fascination and rare kindness". It was also noted there that all of his interests were concentrated around the human personality, its freedom and responsibility, and the role of philosophy in life and its place in culture.
# Ciulama

Ciulama is a dish that can be mainly found in Romanian and Moldovan cuisine. The name of this dish is hypothesized to come from Turkish (çullama), however it is entirely unrelated in form and bears no resemblance to the latter. It is prepared from meat (especially poultry) or mushrooms in white sauce. The sauce is made from a flour roux (known locally as "rântaș") with milk, cream, soup or a combination thereof. Typical seasonings include but are not limited to white pepper and nutmeg.
# The Unholy Trinity

The Unholy Trinity is a 2024 American western film written by Lee Zachariah, directed by Richard Gray, and starring Pierce Brosnan, Samuel L. Jackson and Brandon Lessard.

## Cast

* Pierce Brosnan as Gabriel Dove
* Samuel L. Jackson as St. Christopher
* Brandon Lessard as Henry
* Ethan Peck
* Q'orianka Kilcher as Running Cub
* Tim Daly as Isaac Broadway
* Veronica Ferres as Sarah
* David Arquette as Father Jacob
* Gianni Capaldi as Gideon
* Katrina Bowden

## Production

In October 2023, it was announced that filming occurred in Montana. Since filming began during the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike, SAG-AFTRA granted the filmmakers an interim agreement to allow filming.
The film had its world premiere on October 12, 2024 at the Zurich Film Festival.
# Laurence Esmonde

Laurence Esmonde may refer to:
* Laurence Esmonde, 1st Baron Esmonde (1570?–1646), Irish peer
* Sir Laurence Esmonde, 2nd Baronet (died 1688), of the Esmonde baronets
* Sir Laurence Esmonde, 3rd Baronet (died c. 1717), of the Esmonde baronets
* Sir Laurence Esmonde, 4th Baronet (died 1738), of the Esmonde baronets
* Sir Laurence Grattan Esmonde, 13th Baronet (1863–1943), of the Esmonde baronets
# Uranyl chloride

Uranyl chloride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula UO$_2$Cl$_2$(H$_2$O)$_n$ where n = 0, 1, or 3. These are yellow-colored salts.

## Synthesis and structures

The hydrates are obtained by dissolving uranyl sulfate or uranyl acetate in hydrochloric acid followed by crystallization from concentrated solutions. Depending on the method of drying, one obtains the mono- or the trihydrate. The monohydrate is described as a yellow, sulfur-like powder. It is very hygroscopic. The trihydrate is greenish-yellow. Both hydrates are fluorescent solids that are highly soluble in water.
The anhydrous material can be obtained by the reaction of oxygen with uranium tetrachloride:
    UCl$_4$ + O$_2$ → UO$_2$Cl$_2$ + Cl$_2$
In terms of structures, all three of these compounds feature the uranyl center (trans-UO$_2$$^{2+}$) bound to five additional ligands, which can include (bridging) chloride, water, or another uranyl oxygen.

## Reactions

The aquo ligands can be replaced by a variety of donors, e.g. THF.

## Industrial importance

The company Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) has developed a process to extract uranium from the Western and Eastern coastal dune sands of India. After pre-processing with high-intensity magnetic separators and fine grinding, the mineral sands (known as monazite), are digested with caustic soda at about 120 °C (248 °F) and water. The hydroxide concentrate is further digested with concentrated hydrochloric acid to solubilise all hydroxides to form a feed solution composed of chlorides of uranium and other rare earth elements including thorium. The solution is subjected to liquid–liquid extraction with dual solvent systems to produce uranyl chloride and thorium oxalate. The crude uranyl chloride solution is subsequently refined to nuclear grade ammonium diuranate by a purification process involving precipitation and solvent extraction in a nitrate media.
# Blayne Wikner

Blayne Wikner (born 15 February 1972) is a South African cyclist. He competed in the men's individual road race at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Coghill

Coghill is a surname of Scottish origin. Following is a list of notable people with the surname Coghill:
* Ambrose Coghill (1902-1983), actor and nobleman
* Annie Louisa Walker (1836-1907), English writer who was known in later life by her married name, Anna Louisa Coghill
* Chris Coghill (born 1975), English actor and screenwriter
* Dawn Coghill, a character in the English soap opera Coronation Street
* Egerton Coghill (1853-1921), Irish baronet and painter
* George Coghill (American football) (born 1970), American professional football player
* George E. Coghill (1872–1941), American anatomist
* Several persons named John Coghill, including:
** Jack Coghill (1925–2019), American businessman and politician
** John Coghill (born 1950), American politician, son of Jack Coghill
** Jon Coghill (born 1971), Australian drummer
* Joy Coghill (1926–2017), Canadian actress
* Ken Coghill (born 1944), Australian politician
* Marmaduke Coghill (1673-1738), Irish politician
* Nevill Coghill (1899-1980), English literary scholar
* Nevill Coghill (VC) (1852-1879), Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Nikki Coghill (born 1964), Australian actress
* Rhoda Coghill (1903-2000), Irish musician and poet
* Yvonne Coghill (born 1958), British public servant
# Combahee River

The Combahee River (/kəmˈbiː/ kəm-BEE) is a short blackwater river in the southern Lowcountry region of South Carolina formed at the confluence of the Salkehatchie and Little Salkehatchie rivers near the Islandton community of Colleton County, South Carolina. Part of its lower drainage basin combines with the Ashepoo River and the Edisto River to form the ACE Basin. The Combahee empties into Saint Helena Sound near Beaufort, which in turn empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

## History

The river is named for its first inhabitants, the Combahee tribe of Native Americans. Europeans occupied the area as early as the 1680s, and so the Combahee and others of the Cusabo group are also known as Settlement Indians. Land was set aside for the Yemassee people along several rivers, including the Combahee. The Yemassee War of 1715–1717 saw skirmishes in the area.
On August 27, 1782, one of the last fights in the Revolutionary War took place along the Combahee River. The British made an attempt at foraging, which the Americans, headed by General Mordecai Gist and Colonel John Laurens, opposed. Laurens, the son of Henry Laurens, a former president of the Continental Congress, died in the action.
The Combahee River bordered and supplied the water for some of the largest, most productive rice plantations prior to the Civil War. It was the site of an important military incident during that conflict, the Raid at Combahee Ferry. This was a Union raid into the interior of South Carolina, which freed over 750 slaves. Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave herself, well known for leading others hundreds of miles to safety on the Underground Railway, led this endeavor on June 2, 1863. The bridge across the Combahee on US Highway 17 is the location today.

## Cultural legacy

The Combahee River Collective was a Black feminist lesbian organization, formed in 1974 and named after the Combahee River Raid, where Harriet Tubman led 750 freed slaves to safety. The Collective was instrumental in highlighting that the white feminist movement was not addressing the particular needs of black women. They are perhaps best known for developing the Combahee River Collective Statement, a key document in the history of contemporary Black feminism and the development of the concepts of identity as used among political organizers and social theorists.
# Georges Demetz

Georges Demetz (2 August 1865, Saint-Fargeau – 3 December 1942) was a French General who fought on the First World War.
He was appointed brigadier general in 1918, and divisional general in 1923.
# Ambaland Forces

Ambaland Forces are an Ambazonian separatist militia. As of July 2018, it was described as a small "self-defense" group consisting of between 10 and 30 fighters. They tend to cooperate with larger militias, such as the Ambazonia Defence Forces, Southern Cameroons Defence Forces and the Tigers of Ambazonia.