OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Totopo

Totopo, in Mexican cuisine, is a flat, round, or triangular corn item similar to a tortilla, that has been toasted, fried or baked, but it may be prepared with nixtamalized corn masa. Totopos are best known as originating from Zapotec peoples of the isthmus of Tehuantepec region of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. There, the Zapotec women bake totopos in a clay oven known as a comixcal. Totopos resemble a round, baked tortilla chip or certain types of Scandinavian flat bread; however, unlike tortillas, salt is added to the masa and holes are made in the disk prior to baking.
Totopo may also refer to triangular fried tortillas (totopos de maíz), which are essentially tortilla chips. When the whole round tortilla is baked or fried it is generally known as a tostada.
An important feature of the baking and salting process is preservation. To prevent the decomposition of the corn and growth of mold, regular tortillas generally need to be eaten the same day as they are made (or stored cold) due to the moisture content, whereas totopos may be stored for future consumption, in the same manner as dry crackers.
In some cases, fried tortilla chips commercially made both in Mexico and the United States are labeled as or referred to as totopos, although they are not made in the manner of the Oaxacan totopo and are more akin to tortilla chips.

## Etymology

The name totopo comes from the Aztec (or Nahuatl) totopochtli, meaning 'toasted thing or thing that crunches when eaten', from the verb totopotza 'to crunch or to toast'. To differentiate the word from other toasted things, sometimes the compound tlaxcaltotopochtli was used, meaning 'toasted tortilla'. The combined word means, approximately, 'tortillas that are noisy to chew'.
# IMOCA 60 Helvim

The IMOCA 60 class yacht Helvim was designed and built by Philippe Harlé and Alain Mortain, constructed at CDK Technologies and was launched in June 1991.

## Racing results

| Pos | Year | Race | Class | Boat Name | Skipper | Notes |
| Round the World Races ||||||||
| 13 / 20 | 2005 | 2004–2005 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | Benefic | Karen Leibovici (FRA) | 126d 08h |
| 10 / 24 | 2001 | 2000–2001 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | ELGE - Nord Pas de Calais- Chocolats du Monde | Joe Seeten (FRA) | 115d 17h |
| 6 / 15 | 1997 | 1996–1997 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | Whirlpool-Europe 2 | Catherine Chabaud (FRA) | 140d 04h 38m |
| 3 / 9 | 1996 | 1994-1995 BOC Challenge | IMOCA 60 | Vendées Entreprises | Jean-Luc Van Den Heede (FRA) | 129d 18h |
| 2 / 14 | 1993 | 1992–1993 Vendée Globe | IMOCA 60 | Groupe Sofap-Helvim | Jean-Luc Van Den Heede (FRA) | 116d 15h |
| Transatlantic Races ||||||||
| Other Races ||||||||
# Kornilovskaya (Moscow Metro)

Kornilovskaya (Russian: Корниловская) is a station on the Troitskaya line of the Moscow Metro which is was opened on 28 December 2024 as a part of the extension from Tyutchevskaya to Novomoskovskaya. It is located between Tyutchevskaya and Kommunarka.
Before October 2021 it was known as Mamyri (Russian: Мамыри), after the village previously located here. The new name was given after Admiral Kornilov Street nearby.

## Gallery

* December 2020
* Station main hall
* Entrance hall interior
# Samir Putatundu

Samir Putatundu is a former CPI(M) leader from West Bengal state of India. He is the General Secretary of Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS).
Putatundu contested the Jadavpur assembly constituency in the 2011 West Bengal assembly election, running against incumbent Chief Minister Buddhadev Bhattacharya. Putatundu got 342 votes (0.17%).
# Wainui River (Manawatū-Whanganui)

The Wainui River is a river of the Tararua District in the Manawatū-Whanganui Region of New Zealand's North Island. It rises on Mt McCartie and flows approximately 28 km (17 mi) southeast through isolated hill country to reach the Pacific coast at Herbertville, five kilometres west of Cape Turnagain. The name Wainui means large waters. It is derived from the Māori words wai meaning water and nui meaning large.

## Tributaries

The Wainui River has a number of small tributary streams. Tributaries include (west to east): Angora Stream, Wimbledon Stream, Waikopiro Stream, Mangaone Stream, Mangaohau Stream, Tapui Stream, and Wairauka Stream.
# 1973 in heavy metal music

This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal in the year 1973.

## Bands formed

* AC/DC
* Ace Frehley
* Bachman-Turner Overdrive
* Bad Company
* Cheap Trick
* The Dictators
* Edda Művek
* Journey
* JPT Scare Band
* Kaipa
* Kansas
* Kiss
* Lazy
* Mass (as Black Mass)
* Max Webster
* Montrose
* Primevil
* Quiet Riot
* Stray Dog
* Vardis
* Vitacit
* Witchfynde

## Bands disbanded

* Flower Travellin' Band

## Events

* Rob Halford became the new vocalist for Judas Priest, taking over from Al Atkins who departed at the end of 1972. John Hinch also joined the band as their drummer.
* Tensions within Deep Purple led to vocalist Ian Gillan leaving and bassist Roger Glover being let go, marking the end of the band's Mark II era. They were replaced by David Coverdale and Glenn Hughes, respectively.
* Guitarist Michael Schenker left Scorpions and joined UFO, replacing Bernie Marsden.

## Deaths

* Helmut Eisenhut, drummer of Scorpions.

## Albums
### January

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 5 | Aerosmith | Aerosmith |
| 12 | Deep Purple | Who Do We Think We Are |

### February

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 7 | Iggy and the Stooges | Raw Power |
| 27 | Alice Copper | Billion Dollar Babies |
| | Flower Travellin' Band | Make Up |
| | Blue Öyster Cult | Tyranny and Mutation |

### March

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 23 | King Crimson | Larks' Tongues in Aspic |
| 28 | Led Zeppelin | Houses of the Holy |

### April

| Day | Artist | Album |
| | Uriah Heep | Uriah Heep Live |

### May

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 11 | Hawkwind | Space Ritual |
| 11 | Wishbone Ash | Wishbone Four |
| | Nazareth | Razamanaz |
| | Edgar Broughton Band | Oora |

### June

| Day | Artist | Album |
| | Bang | Music |
| | Budgie | Never Turn Your Back On a Friend |

### July

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 13 | Jethro Tull | A Passion Play |
| 13 | Queen | Queen I |
| | Grand Funk Railroad | We're an American Band |

### August

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 13 | Lynyrd Skynyrd | (Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd) |
| | Buffalo | Volcanic Rock |
| | Golden Earring | Moontan |

### September

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 3 | Uriah Heep | Sweet Freedom |
| 21 | Thin Lizzy | Vagabonds of the Western World |
| | James Gang | Bang |
| | The Amboy Dukes | Call of the Wild |

### October

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 17 | Montrose | Montrose |
| 26 | The Who | Quadrophenia |

### November

| Day | Artist | Album |
| 9 | Nazareth | Loud 'n' Proud |
| 16 | The Kinks | Preservation: Act 1 |
| 20 | Alice Cooper | Muscle of Love |
| | Black Sabbath | Sabbath Bloody Sabbath |
| | Lucifer's Friend | I'm Just a Rock 'n' Roll Singer |
# Danil Klyonkin

Danil Konstantinovich Klyonkin (Russian: Данил Константинович Клёнкин; born 14 July 1990) is a Russian former professional football player who played as an attacking midfielder.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Tambov on 21 July 2019 in a game against Lokomotiv Moscow.
On 27 January 2020 he moved to Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk.
# Alexander Julius Fabergé

Alexander Julius Fabergé (Russian: Александр Карлович Фаберже; Saint Petersburg, December 17, 1878 – 1952, Paris, France) was the son of Carl Fabergé of the House of Fabergé and his wife Augusta Julia Fabergé. He had 3 brothers, Eugen Fabergé, Agathon Carl Theodor Fabergé, and Nikolai Leopold Fabergé.
He married firstly Johanna Tamermann and secondly Nina Belichova and had two children, Alexander Cyril and Irina Fabergé.
The October Revolution in Russia was disastrous for the Fabergé business. Most of its clients fled the country, if they were not arrested. The company was nationalized, which took the form of all five of its branches being closed. Carl Fabergé himself was able to get out of Russia in September 1918 and died in Switzerland in 1920. His sons did not succeed in leaving at the same time. Alexander Fabergé himself was able to leave in May 1920, travelling first to Helsinki and then on to Southampton, England, on the SS Dongola. From there, he settled first in Germany and finally in France. With his brother Eugen and Andreas Marchetti, Fabergé opened a new store in Paris called Fabergé & Cie.
# Rick Leary

Richard J. Leary is an American-Canadian transportation executive who was chief executive officer (CEO) of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) between 2017 and 2024. Leary became interim CEO in 2017 and took over the role permanently in 2018; he resigned in August 2024. Leary was previously general manager of York Region Transit and held senior roles with the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA).

## Personal life and education

Richard J. Leary was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father was a streetcar operator for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). He graduated from Northeastern University with a BBA and an MPA. As well, he completed a graduate program from Harvard University in Administration and Management.
In August 2019, Leary became a Canadian citizen.

## Transportation career
### Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

Following his father, Leary began working for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority as a subway attendant in 1984. He then moved through various manager and director roles, becoming the chief operating officer of the MBTA in 2005. He retired from the role in November 2009 after failing to appear at a board meeting to address a damning federal safety report.

### York Regional Transit

In 2009, Leary moved to Canada to become the general manager of York Region Transit in Ontario. Leary was praised as ridership grew by 4 million while customer complaints reduced and vehicle reliability increased.

### Toronto Transit Commission

In 2014, Leary was hired as the chief service officer of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) by then-CEO Andy Byford. This role involved management of the TTC's bus and streetcar systems, as well as management of the various Toronto subway stations. Leary's achievements included a large reduction in the number of short turns, improving the quality of service.
In December 2017, Leary was made the interim CEO of the TTC, when his predecessor, Andy Byford left to head the New York City Transit Authority. In July 2018, Leary's interim position was made permanent, following an international search.
In late 2023, TTC Chair Jamaal Myers attempted to have Leary suspended while an investigation into allegations of workplace misconduct took place. The board of the TTC agreed to launch an investigation, but did not suspend Leary.
On June 20, 2024, Leary announced that he would step down from his position as CEO of the TTC at the end of August. Leary noted that it was his decision to leave, having waited to announce his resignation until contract negotiations with Amalgamated Transit Union Local 113 had been agreed. Upon his departure, Leary noted that he had a contract until 2026, with the new mayor, Olivia Chow, and TTC Chair indicating a change in direction for the organization – however Leary reiterated it was his decision to leave the job. Deputy CEO Bruce Macgregor acted as CEO until former Metrolinx executive Gregory W. Percy was named interim CEO while a replacement is sought.
# Bob Iverson

Robert Iverson (17 October 1910 – 19 July 1953) was an English professional footballer best known for his time at Aston Villa. Iverson signed for Villa from Wolves. After his Villa career he retired and became reserve/youth-team coach at Villa Park. He was later first team coach and fourth team coach.
# Omar Samad

Omar Samad is the former Senior Advisor to Abdullah Abdullah, the former Chief Executive of Afghanistan from 2014 to 2020. He served as the Afghan Ambassador to Canada from 2004 to 2009, and to France from 2009 to 2011. He was a Senior Central Asia Fellow at the New America Foundation in Washington, D.C. 2013-14, after working as Senior Afghan Expert at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington D.C. 2012-13.

## Early life

Samad graduated from American University in Washington D.C., where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications and International Affairs in 1991. He received a Master's degree in International Relations (GMAP) from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in Massachusetts in 2006.

## Career

Samad worked in the IT private sector field in the US between 1981 and 2001 with corporations such as Datacrown Inc, Electronic Data Systems (EDS) and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, he advocated for freedom and democracy in Afghanistan. In 1996, he launched Azadi Afghan Radio and its website as part of the Afghanistan Information Center, based in Virginia. Following the September 11th attacks, he worked as a commentator and analyst for CNN during the Bonn Accords on Afghanistan.
He served as the Afghan Ambassador to Canada from October 2004 to June 2009, and to Ambassador to France from June 2009 to July 2011. He was accredited as the first Afghan non-resident Ambassador to the Chile (2008) and Principality of Monaco (2010). During his diplomatic career (2001 to 2011), he was a member of Afghan delegations to the UN, NAM, Islamic Conferences and specialized conferences on Afghanistan, including the Tokyo (2002) and Berlin (2004) reconstruction conferences. He represented the Foreign Ministry on the Tripartite Security Commission with Afghanistan-US-Pakistan. He was Afghanistan Senior Expert in residence at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington, D.C. from January 2012 till January 2013.
He was the spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Kabul from December 2001 to September 2004 and Director General of the Information and Media Division, during which he also served as an advisor, speech-writer and member of the Ministry's reform committee.
He was a Senior Central Asia Fellow at the New America Foundation in Washington, D.C. and President of Silkroad Consulting LLC. before being appointed as Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive of Afghanistan in the National Unity Government formed after elections in 2014.

## Personal life

Samad is divorced from Khorshied Nusratty with whom he has two children, Soleiman and Arman.
# Hunter Carson

Hunter Carson (born December 26, 1975) is an American actor, screenwriter, producer and director. In 1986, he was nominated for a Young Artist Award for his performance in Paris, Texas (1984).

## Early life

Carson was born in Culver City, California, the son of actress Karen Black and actor, producer, screenwriter and director L. M. Kit Carson. He is the stepson of Stephen Eckelberry. He made his first national appearance in October 1976, at the age of nine months, when his mother hosted Saturday Night Live; she held him in her arms for the entirety of her opening monologue.

## Career

His first acting role was in the 1984 film Paris, Texas, portraying the character of Hunter Henderson. The film was co-written for the screen by his father. He then starred in the 1986 remake of Invaders from Mars, where he co-starred with his mother Karen Black, and appeared in the 1988 comedy drama Mr. North, which also featured his Paris, Texas co-star Harry Dean Stanton. He played Bud Bundy in an unaired pilot of Married... with Children and appeared as Peter McMichaels in the 2001 film Perfume. He played a "crazy killer boyfriend" in the 2010 horror film She's Crushed. He co-directed with Alejandro Itkin the 2013 feature film Single in South Beach, a romantic drama starring Kevin Sorbo. He also directed the short With It (2004), about a failed hitman.

## Personal life

Carson is married to Elyse Marie Tyler, with whom he has three daughters. The family resides in Kingwood, Texas.
# Stanley McAlindon

Stanley James C McAlindon (born 28 April 2004) is an English cricketer from Cumbria who plays for Durham County Cricket Club. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium bowler.

## Early life

McAlindon attended Trinity School in Carlisle. He began playing cricket with the Great Corby Cricket Club as a five-year-old. He joined Carlisle Cricket Club and progressed to play for the first team in the Cumbria League Premier Division by the age of fifteen. He also played in the age groups at Carlisle United F.C. but chose to prioritise cricket and signed up to the Durham Academy in 2018.

## Career

On 11 July 2022, McAlindon made his debut for Durham in first-class cricket against Derbyshire.
McAlindon scored his first half-century in a one-day cricket match for Durham against Leicestershire on 23 August 2022, scoring 60 from 50 deliveries, in the 2022 Royal London One-Day Cup. In the same match he also record new career-best List-A bowling figures of 4-29.
McAlindon signed a rookie contract with Durham in November 2022.

## International career

McAlindon was called up to the England under-19 cricket team in August 2022 for marches against the Sri Lanka U-19s. In December 2022, McAlindon was included in the England U-19 squad for a tour of Australia in the winter of 2022-23.

## Personal life

He was coached by his father Mark McAlindon at Corby Cricket Club.
# Maksim Shtraukh

Maksim Maksimovich Shtraukh (Russian: Макси́м Макси́мович Штра́ух; 23 February 1900 – 3 January 1974) was a Soviet and Russian film and theatre actor. He was awarded the People's Artist of the USSR in 1965, Lenin Prize and Stalin Prize between 1950 and 1951.
Shtraukh is known for playing Vladimir Lenin on stage and in film. He had a privilege to get a discount for V. I. Lenin bust at any USSR shop.

## Selected filmography

* 1923 – Glumov's Diary
* 1924 – Strike
* 1925 - Battleship Potemkin
* 1929 – The General Line
* 1929 – The Ghost That Never Returns
* 1930 – The Civil Servant
* 1933 – The Deserter
* 1933 – The Conveyor of Death
* 1934 – The Four Visits of Samuel Wolfe
* 1936 – A Severe Young Man
* 1938 – Doctor Aybolit
* 1938 – The Man with the Gun
* 1938 – The Vyborg Side
* 1940 – Yakov Sverdlov
* 1942 – His Name Is Sukhe-Bator
* 1943 – Two Soldiers
* 1943 – The Young Fritz
* 1946 – The Vow
* 1947 – Light over Russia
* 1948 – The Court of Honor
* 1949 – The Battle of Stalingrad
* 1949 – The Fall of Berlin
* 1950 – Conspiracy of the Doomed
* 1956 – Murder on Dante Street
* 1957 – Stories About Lenin
* 1957 – Leningrad Symphony
* 1965 – Lenin in Poland
# Tim Wren

Timothy Neil Wren (born 26 March 1970) is an English former professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club during the 1990s.

## Early life

Wren was born at Folkestone in 1970, and attended Harvey Grammar School in the town. He made his debut for Kent's Second XI in 1987 and played under-25 cricket for the county the following year before making his First XI debut in 1989, opening the bowling and taking one wicket in a List A fixture against Leicestershire at Cheriton Road in Folkestone.

## Cricket career

A left-arm medium pace bowler, Wren made his first-class cricket debut the following season, playing in five of Kent's County Championship matches during 1990, although he took only six wickets. He played club cricket for Ashford Cricket Club during the early 1990s, where he was mentored by Peter Moralee, a Kent development coach working at Ashford Prep School, but Wren played only a handful of matches for the county side between 1991 and 1994, unable to break into the team on a regular basis.
Wren played most of his First XI cricket between 1994 and 1996, making seven first-class appearances in each of the three seasons and playing a significant role in Kent's one-day side during the period. He took 17 first-class and 8 List A wickets during 1994, and the following season took 23 first-class wickets, the most of his career. He also took 16 List A wickets as Kent won the Sunday league competition. After taking nine first-class and seven List A wickets in 1996 he played just five matches in 1997, taking only one wicket, and was released by the club at the end of the season.

## Post-retirement

After retiring from top-level cricket, Wren played in the Kent Cricket League for Sibton Park and Canterbury Cricket Clubs. His family owns a plumbing and heating engineering business in Folkestone and Wren worked in the company as an engineer during the off-season when he was playing professionally. He has since become a partner in the family business.
# Ministry of Justice (Ottoman Empire)

The Ministry of Justice (Ottoman Turkish: عدليه نظارتی; Turkish: Adliyye Nezâreti) was the justice ministry of the Ottoman Empire, based in Constantinople (now Istanbul). It also served as the Ministry of Religions.
It was established in 1879 as part of a reorganisation of the empire's legal system. Non-Muslim ecclesiastical authorities relied on the ministry. The ministry took control of the commercial courts and commercial appeal courts from the Ministry of Commerce.

## Organization

By 1900, the Ministry of Justice included the following high courts:
* Supreme Judicial Council (Encümen-i Adliye)
* Court of Cassation (Mahkeme-i Temyiz), with civil, criminal, and administrative sections.
* Appeals Court (Mahkeme-i Istinaf), with criminal, civil, correctional, and commercial justice sections.
** Court for the First Instance for Istanbul (Der Saadet Bidayet Mahkemesi)
** Tribunal of Commerce (Mahkeme-i Ticaret)
The ministry was responsible for administering secular Nizamiye courts, training judges, and supervizing secular legal education.

## Successor

Ministry of Justice (Turkey) currently governs affairs in Turkey.
# Heparin cofactor II

Heparin cofactor II (HCII), a protein encoded by the SERPIND1 gene, is a coagulation factor that inhibits IIa, and is a cofactor for heparin and dermatan sulfate ("minor antithrombin").
The product encoded by this gene is a serine protease inhibitor which rapidly inhibits thrombin in the presence of dermatan sulfate or heparin. The gene contains five exons and four introns. This protein shares homology with antithrombin III and other members of the alpha-1 antitrypsin superfamily. Mutations in this gene are associated with heparin cofactor II deficiency. Heparin cofactor II deficiency can lead to increased thrombin generation and a hypercoagulable state.
A purification experiment of heparin cofactor II was performed in 1981, in which it was discovered that the purified version of the protein consists of a single polypeptide chain. Further experimentation demonstrated that whether β-Mercaptoethanol is present does not affect HCII's activity in gel electrophoresis. β-Mercaptoethanol is typically used for the reduction of disulfide bonds within a molecule, but the gel electrophoresis revealed that HCII does not have any of these bonds. The structure is similar to antithrombin III (ATIII), which was known to effectively inhibit thrombin as well as coagulation factor X$_a$. This experiment suggested that HCII has strong thrombin inhibition, yet weak inhibition of coagulation factor X$_a$.
Heparin cofactor II may play a role in the immune response, as it has been associated with leukocyte-mediated protein degradation, which releases cytokines in the inflammatory response with neutrophils and monocytes. Its role has been questioned because although it is a thrombin inhibitor, an absence of HCII does not result in significantly higher levels of thrombosis. This does not negate the results of the 1981 study, but novel discoveries create more questions of the biological mechanism and function of the protein. However, this cofactor shows stronger capability in inhibiting thrombin in pregnant women, protecting them from thrombosis. Pregnant women have shown increased levels of heparin cofactor II as well as dermatan sulfate, which is a polysaccharide that is expected to be involved in wound repair, coagulation, and overall maintenance throughout the body. Pregnant women who had thrombosis are likely to also have low levels of heparin cofactor II, but whether this is a causation is still unknown.