OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leges

Leges (plural of Latin lex: law) may refer to:

## Literature

* Laws (dialogue) Plato's last and longest dialogue

## Ancient Roman law

* Leges regiae, early Roman laws introduced by the Kings of Rome
* Lex Julia (Leges Juliae), ancient Roman laws, introduced by any member of the Julian family
* Leges Clodiae, series of laws passed by the Plebeian Council of the Roman Republic
* Leges provinciae, 146 BC laws concerning the regulation and administration of Roman provinces
* Lex Antonia (Leges Antoniae), law established in ancient Rome in 44 BC
* Lex Licinia Sextia (Leges Liciniae Sextiae), Roman law which restored the consulship in 367 BCE

## Laws in other governments

* Leges Henrici Primi, legal treatise, written circa 1115, on legal customs of medieval England
* Leges palatinae, laws governing the functioning of the royal court of the Kingdom of Majorca
* Leges Edwardi Confessoris, early twelfth-century English collection of 39 laws
* Leges Genuciae, laws proposed in 342 BCE by plebeian consul Lucius Genucius
* Leges barbarorum; see Early Germanic law
* Sacrae Disciplinae Leges, 1983 apostolic constitution by Pope John Paul II
* Leges inter Brettos et Scottos, legal codification under David I of Scotland
* Welsh law (Leges Walliae)
* Edictum Rothari (Leges Langobardorum) 643 CE compilation of Lombard law

## Phrases

* Inter arma enim silent leges ("In times of war, the law falls silent"), phrase attributed to Cicero
* Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), an episode of the series
* Leges sine Moribus vanae, motto of University of Pennsylvania

## Other uses

* Leges (diocese) [it], a Roman Catholic titular bishopric in modern Algeria; see Numidia#Episcopal sees
# Polygrammodes sanguiguttalis

Polygrammodes sanguiguttalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Paraná, Brazil and Paraguay.
The wingspan of the moth is about 42 mm. Its forewings are yellow, with a pink costal area towards beyond the middle. There is a subbasal (situated near or below a base or basal part) pink spot below the cell and an antemedial spot in the cell and another further from the base below the cell, as well as a round spot in the cell towards the extremity and two small discoidal spots. The inner margin is pink from the middle to the tornus and there is a postmedial series of pink spots, as well as a subterminal series of small spots. Its hindwings are pale yellow.
Not to be confused with Polygrammodes flavidalis.
# ACAC consortium

The AVIC I Commercial Aircraft Company (ACAC consortium; Chinese: 中航商用飞机有限公司) was a subsidiary of China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I), formed in 2002 by various Chinese aviation companies, including:
* Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute
* 602nd Aircraft Design Institute
* Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group
* Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Factory
* Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
* Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation
In 2009 it became part of Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.

## Products

* The joint venture has developed the ARJ21 regional jet.
# Gustya

Gustya may refer to:
* Gustya, a diminutive of the Russian male first name Avgust
* Gustya, a diminutive of the Russian female first name Avgusta
* Gustya, a diminutive of the Russian male first name Avgustin
* Gustya, a diminutive of the Russian female first name Avgustina
# Leif Enger

Leif Enger is an American author who wrote the novel Peace Like a River.

## Early life

Enger was born in 1961 and was raised in Osakis, Minnesota. His parents were teachers. He attended Minnesota State University Moorhead, majoring in English and mass communication.

## Career

Enger worked as a reporter and producer for Minnesota Public Radio from 1984 until the sale of Peace Like a River. In the early 1990s, he and his older brother, Lin, writing under the pen name L.L. Enger, produced a series of mystery novels featuring a retired baseball player.
His second solo novel, So Brave, Young, and Handsome appeared in May 2008.
In October 2018, his third novel, Virgil Wander, was published by Grove Press.
His fourth novel, I Cheerfully Refuse, published April 2024, also by Grove Press.

## Personal life

Enger met his wife Robin at Moorhead State. They moved to a rural farm outside Aitkin, Minnesota to raise their two sons. When his children were grown, he and his wife moved to Duluth in 2018.
# Lemnia (river)

The Lemnia is a right tributary of the Râul Negru in Romania. It flows into the Râul Negru near the village Lemnia. Its length is 13 km (8.1 mi) and its basin size is 35 km$^2$ (14 sq mi).
# Khijadia Dosaji

Khijadia Dosaji is a village and former non-salute Rajput princely state on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India.

## History

It was a single village princely state in Gohelwar prant, under Gohel Rajput Chieftains.
It had a population of 361 in 1901, yielding a state revenue of 2,600 Rupees (nearly all from land; 1903–4) and paying 427 Rupees tribute, to the Gaekwar Baroda State and Junagadh State.
During the British Raj, the petty state was under the colonial Eastern Kathiawar Agency.
# Gunnar Svedberg

Professor Gunnar Svedberg (born 12 August 1947 in Annefors, Bollnäs Municipality) is a former Rector of the University of Gothenburg, in Sweden.
Svedberg studied at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm and received a PhD in chemical engineering in 1975. He became a full professor at the KTH in 1989. He was the Rector (corresponding to Vice-Chancellor or President) of Mid Sweden University College from 1999 to 2003, and of the University of Gothenburg between July 2003 and September 2006. He was President of Innventia, until his retirement in June 2011.
Svedberg has been a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences since 1992.
# Portage Road, Ōtāhuhu

Portage Road in the Ōtāhuhu suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, follows the path of Te Tō Waka, one of the Māori canoe portages between the Tāmaki River (an arm of the Hauraki Gulf) and the Manukau Harbour, which facilitated access between the eastern and western sides of the North Island. The history of the site is described in a plaque that is embedded in a concrete plinth at the intersection of Portage Road and Great South Road. The road marked the northernmost boundary of the Borough of Otahuhu until it was absorbed into the new City of Tamaki, then later on, Auckland City and Auckland Region.

## Plaque on Portage Road

An historic plaque can be found on Portage Road. The plaque is inscribed as follows:
   This Plaque Marks a Historic Site: In the middle of the 14th century, the Maori First Fleet invaded Aotearoa and, sailing through Hauraki Gulf, visited Tamaki in search of a new home. The first canoe to reach the isthmus was the "Tainui" which stayed at Otahuhu while the Maori Chief Taikehu carried out reconnaissance from a hill top, probably Mount Richmond. The waters of the Manukau Harbour were seen and the canoe was dragged overland and went on her way, calling at Mokau and finally then to her last resting place at Kawhia. In later years, canoes were frequently taken across the portage at Otahuhu, and this practice was followed with boats and small vessels even in Pakeha times. Later a canal was planned to link the Tasman and Pacific Oceans, and land was reserved to that end. Today the old track is known as Portage Road. Half a mile in length, it must surely be the shortest road between two seas anywhere in the world.
   This plaque, donated by W.A. Stevenson. Esq., and Mrs. M.J. Sparrow was unveiled on March 20th 1959 by J.D. Murdoch. Esq., Mayor of Otahuhu.
# Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg

Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg (31 August 1570 (?) – 11 November 1597) was the eldest son of Magnus II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sophia of Sweden, the daughter of King Gustav I of Sweden.
Gustav's father Magnus left Sweden in 1578 when he was expelled by King John III for beating his wife. John forced him to leave Gustav in the care of his mother Sofia. Gustav was raised at Ekolsund by his mother. His upbringing was seen as poor due to his mother's fickle nature and over-indulgence of her son. Duke Charles (later King Charles IX) took him in, believing he would be better off growing up at his court. In 1590, Gustav was expelled from King John's court because of excessive behavior in the taverns of Stockholm, which led to his mother's intervening on his behalf with a plea to the queen, Gunilla Bielke. In 1591, Gustav traveled to the continent and went as far as Italy, returning to Sweden in January 1594.
From 28 June he had received an income from the fiefdoms of hundreds of Håbo, Ärlinghundra and Lagunda. In 1595 he came into conflict with his mother over sharing the proceeds from his fiefdoms. Sofia's income was in danger, but the issue was solved when King Charles forced him to return the fiefdoms, which were given to his mother. Gustav's income was later bolstered by getting the rights to the church tithes. In 1597 he also received the rights of Haguna hundred and the parishes of Lagunda and Håbo that were not under Sofia's control.
In the conflict between Sigismund III Vasa and Charles IX, Gustav sided with the latter and was put in charge of Kalmar Castle on 8 June 1597. On 11 August the same year he accidentally shot himself through the knee at a muster outside of Stockholm and died on 11 November from his injuries. He was buried together with his maternal aunt, Elisabet Vasa, 21 January 1598 in Uppsala Cathedral. A cenotaph over them was added as late as 1829.

## Family

Gustav never married, but had an illegitimate child with Ingrid in Halkved: Source: Riksregistraturet B:90,1600 jan-juni, f 73v-74r, 1600 den 3 April: [f 73v:]
* Magnus Gustafsson Rutencrantz, 1590 – 1640
# ARIA Achievement Awards

The ARIA Achievement Awards and ARIA Icon Awards, are awards presented periodically at the annual ARIA Music Awards, which recognise "the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres", and are "awarded at the discretion of the ARIA Board." They are handed out by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation whose aim is "to advance the interests of the Australian record industry." The awards listed below are given periodically to Australian-based artists or industry personnel within the categories: ARIA Outstanding Achievement Awards (first presented in 1988), ARIA Special Achievement Awards (first in 1989), ARIA Lifetime Achievement Awards (first in 1991) and ARIA Icon Awards (first in 2013).

## Awardees
### Outstanding Achievement

In the following table, the awardee is highlighted in colour, and in boldface.
| Year | Awardee(s) |
| 1988 (2nd) | John Farnham |
| 1989 (3rd) | INXS |
| 1990 (4th) | Kylie Minogue |
| 1991 (5th) | Midnight Oil |
| 1996 (10th) | Silverchair |
| 1997 (11th) | Peter Andre |
| 1998 (12th) | Savage Garden |
| 1999 (13th) | Natalie Imbruglia |
| 2000 (14th) | Slim Dusty |
| 2000 (14th) | Tina Arena |
| 2001 (15th) | Keith Urban |
| 2002 (16th) | Kylie Minogue |
| 2003 (17th) | The Wiggles |
| 2015 (29th) | Lee Kernaghan |

### Special Achievement

In the following table, the awardee is highlighted in colour, and in boldface.
| Year | Awardee(s) |
| 1989 (3rd) | Kylie Minogue |
| 1992 (6th) | Michael Gudinski |
| 1992 (6th) | Mushroom Records |
| 1993 (7th) | Ian "Molly" Meldrum |
| 1994 (8th) | Stan Rofe |
| 1996 (10th) | Slim Dusty |
| 1997 (11th) | Charles Fisher |
| 1999 (13th) | Bill Armstrong |
| 1999 (13th) | Ron Tudor |
| 2000 (14th) | Daryl Somers |

### Lifetime Achievement

In the following table, the awardee is highlighted in colour, and in boldface.
| Year | Awardee(s) |
| 1991 (5th) | Ted Albert |
| 2007 (21st) | John Woodruff |
| 2008 (22nd) | John Laws |

### Icon Awards

In the following table, the awardee is highlighted in colour, and in boldface.
| Year | Awardee(s) |
| 2013 (27th) | Michael Gudinski |
| 2014 (28th) | Denis Handlin |
| 2016 (30th) | Sebastian Chase |
| 2017 (31st) | Roger Davies |
| 2019 (33rd) | Michael Chugg |
# Guy Newman

Guy Newman may refer to:
* Guy Newman (soccer) (born 1957), English-American soccer coach and former player
* Guy Newman (water polo) (born 1969), Australian former water polo player
* Guy D. Newman (1906–1988), American academic, Baptist preacher and university administrator
# Gullan Lindblad

Gullan Birgit Kristina Lindblad (née Persson; 13 November 1932 – 6 September 2023) was a Swedish nurse and politician. A member of the Moderate Party, she served in the Riksdag from 1979 to 1998. She was the Chair of the Moderate Women in 1990–1997.
Lindblad died in Karlstad on 6 September 2023, at the age of 90.
# Popular Monster

Popular Monster may refer to:
* Popular Monster (album), 2024 studio album by American rock band Falling in Reverse
* "Popular Monster" (song), 2019 song by Falling in Reverse and the title track of the album
# Porporato

Porporato may refer to:
* Amilcare Porporato, an Italian-American engineer currently the Addy Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke University
* Giuseppe Filippo Porporato, Bishop of Saluzzo from 1741 until his death in 1781
* Jean Porporato, French auto racer
# Porpora (surname)

Porpora is an Italian surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Francesco Antonio Porpora (1575–1640), Italian Roman Catholic prelate
* Gabriella Porpora (born 1942), Italian artist
* Kenny Porpora (born either 1986 or 1987), American author
* Nicola Porpora (1686–1768), Italian composer
* Mauro Porpora (born 1969), Italian paralympic athlete
* Paolo Porpora (1617–1673), Italian painter
# Leland Robson

Leland Stanford "L.S." Robson (January 21, 1884 – August 10, 1973) was an American businessman, lawyer, politician, banker, and rancher. He was the father of Helen Walton and father-in-law of Walmart and Sam's Club founder Sam Walton. Robson provided Sam Walton with the loan to open his first store, and was one of Walton's early mentors in business. Robson was also the founder of the town of Fair Oaks, Oklahoma.

## Biography

Robson was born on January 21, 1884, in Sandersville, Georgia. He was named after businessman and politician Leland Stanford, whom his parents had met on a train.
In 1909, Robson moved to Oklahoma. Originally working as a traveling salesman, Robson put himself through law school and moved to Tulsa, eventually settling in Claremore. In 1916, Robson married Hazel Corrine Car. They had three sons and one daughter.
In addition to opening a law practice in town, Robson served for twelve years as the city attorney of Claremore. During the 1930s, Robson acquired over 18,500 acres of land in the area and began the Robson Family cattle ranch. At its height, the ranch operated 15 oil wells and a coal mine. In 1936 during the Great Depression, Robson was a founder of the Rogers County Bank, which he ran as president and chairman for over thirty years, and which now operates 20 branch locations in Kansas and 46 branch locations in Oklahoma. Robson was a co-founder and owner of the Rogers County Coal Company and had a variety of other business holdings in farming and oil.
During World War II, Robson was appointed to the three-member Oklahoma Highway Commission by Governor Leon C. Phillips. Robson submitted an inquiry to the federal government regarding the construction of U.S. highways on Native American lands, which was included in a House of Representatives floor speech by Congressman Jed Johnson in 1942.
After Sam Walton married his daughter Helen, Robson became an active supporter of his business and financial affairs. In 1945, he provided Sam with his first business loan to open his first store that became Walton's Five-and-Dime in Bentonville, Arkansas. Robson had made his children partners in his real estate and banking businesses from the beginning, and he advised Sam to do the same thing with his family, leading to the establishment of Walton Enterprises.
   Listening to L.S. Robson was an education in itself. He influenced me a great deal. He was a great salesman, one of the most persuasive individuals I have ever met. And I am sure his success as a trader and a businessman, his knowledge of finance and the law, and his philosophy had a big effect on me. I said to myself: maybe I will be as successful as he is someday.
In 1966, Robson founded and incorporated the town of Fair Oaks in Oklahoma.

## Death and legacy

Robson died on August 10, 1973, at the age of 89. He is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in Claremore, Oklahoma.
The L.S. and Hazel C. Robson Library at University of the Ozarks is named after Robson and his wife.
Historians have regarded Robson as having a profound effect on Sam Waltons goals, values, and success in business as his mentor.
# Postage stamps and postal history of Guatemala

Guatemala has been independent from Spain since 1847. The first adhesive stamps of Guatemala were revenue stamps issued in 1868. The first postage stamps were produced in 1871.
# Brehme

Brehme may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Albert Brehme (born 1903), German bobsledder
* Andreas Brehme (1960–2024), German football player and coach
* Anton Brehme (born 1999), German volleyball player
* Bernd Brehme [de] (born 1938), German football coach
* Christian Brehme [de] (1613–1667), German poet, librarian and mayor
* Gerhard Brehme (1912–1943), German Wehrmacht officer and Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipient
* Hans Brehme [de] (1904–1957), German composer
* Hugo Brehme (1882–1954), German-born photographer of Mexico
* Karl Brehme [de] (1858–1925), Saxon major general
* Matthias Brehme (born 1943), German gymnast
* Richard Brehme [de] (1826–1887), German doctor
* Stephanie Brehme [de] (born 1970), German actress

## Places

* Brehme, Germany, a municipality in Eichsfeld district, Thuringia, Germany
# Barbara Brandt

Barbara Brandt (born 1936) is an American spinto soprano, known especially for her association with contemporary opera.
Brand won both the local and regional Metropolitan Opera Auditions in 1966. Active at Minnesota Opera since 1967, she appeared in a number of world premieres with the company during her career. These include:
* Lady With a Cake Box in Postcard from Morocco by Dominick Argento (1971)
* Witch/Anne Sexton in Transformations by Conrad Susa (1973)
* Pauline l'Allemand in Black River, a Wisconsin Idyll by Conrad Susa (1975)
* Mrs. Poe in The Voyage of Edgar Allan Poe by Dominick Argento (1976)
* title role in Claudia Legare by Robert Ward (1978)
She also created the role of the Bird Woman in The Wanderer by Paul and Martha Boesing for Houston Grand Opera in 1970. Brandt sang with the Minnesota Orchestra, the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, the Aspen Festival Orchestra, and the Kansas City Philharmonic during her career, and performed a wide variety of roles on stage; among these were Pamina in The Magic Flute, the Countess in Le nozze di Figaro, and Elle in La voix humaine.
# Carliol House

Carliol House is a Grade II listed building in Newcastle upon Tyne that curved the corner of Market Street East and Pilgrim Street in the city-centre. As of 2024 only the façade of the building remains.

## Building

The 7-storey Art Deco building was constructed in the between 1924 and 1927 to be the new headquarters of the North Eastern Electric Supply Company. It was designed by John James Burnet, Thomas S. Tait and Francis Lorne with L J Couves & Partners. The façade of the building uses Portland stone features and classical detailing as well as a plaque commemorating local developer of the incandescent light bulb, Joseph Swan. The internal structure of the building used a steel frame and the doorcase was granite and Frosterley Marble. A dome was at the top of the building. The building featured electric lifts, heating and a central vacuum plant for cleaning. The building also housed the offices of Merz & McLellan.

## Recent history

The building gained listed grade II status on 29 March 1987. In the 2010s the building had been used as a branch of sportswear retailer, Start Fitness. Despite objections from Historic Buildings & Places among others the building was given the go-ahead to be largely demolished in the early 2020s. The building had been called "one of the city's finest buildings".
In August 2023, the demolition of the interior of the building was completed whilst retaining the 130 meter long façade. Building work will continue on the larger site, now called the Pigrim's Quarter, until 2025. The development headed up by David and Simon Reuben is part of a £155 million redevelopment scheme. In 2027 the building project will be handed over to HM Revenue and Customs who will be relocating 9000 staff from the Benton Park View site outside of the city centre.
# Fesdis

Fesdis is a town in north-eastern Algeria.
# Bridge Information Systems

Bridge Information Systems, Inc., was a financial news and data provider that was acquired by Reuters Group in September 2001.

## History

The origins of Bridge date to 1974, when the original company was founded in St. Louis by investment analysts through acquisition of a computer firm from Dean Witter & Co. Principal founder Charles A. Lebens thought that the development of new time-sensitive investments and financial industry deregulation would create a market for up-to-date financial information. In March 1995, Bridge was acquired by private equity firm Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe. "Global Financial Information Corp." was the entity formed from Bridge and several other companies combined by Welsh, but the entire concern named "Bridge Information Systems" in September 1996. It also moved its headquarters to New York.
Bridge's acquisition of ten companies starting in 1996 under new CEO Tom Wendel, starting with Knight Ridder Financial News for $275 million, created significant debt burdens for the company. Bridge also bought the Telerate unit of Dow Jones & Company in 1998 in return for $150 million of preferred stock.
As of May 2000 the company had 5,000 employees (a ten-fold growth from five years prior); half were located in the United States, and six hundred reporters were spread over 100 countries. One thousand employees were located at the company's headquarters in New York, and 800 were in St. Louis (its original headquarters).
Unable to meet its ongoing debt obligations, Bridge filed for bankruptcy in February 2001. The purchase of the company by Reuters was finalized by the end of September.
# Boßler

Boßler is a 799.7-metre-high (2,624 ft) mountain in the Swabian Alps, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Tourism

Located at an elevation of 785 m is the Boßlerhaus (Bossler House), a working agricultural building run by the local group Friends of Nature Göppingen. It is beside the Gruibinger Wiesle, a popular hiking destination. 500 m west of the house there is a viewpoint on the escarpment at an altitude of 794 m which offers a view far to the west. The Swabian Alp-North Rim Trail passes through this point.

## Plane crashes

Boßler has been the site of several fatal air crashes. In most cases these were controlled flights into terrain due to pilots flying into the unexpectedly high mountain in the poor visibility.
* 1940-1945: a German Ju 88 and another military plane
* 8 January 1958: two U.S. F-100D jets
* 17 August 1959: a Bundeswehr Piaggio P.149
* 9 April 1965: a U.S. Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter
* 11 April 1965: a Piper PA-22
* 14 June 1966: a Fiat G.91 jet fighter
* 17 July 1979: a Cessna F 172 H light aircraft
* 28 September 2005: an air ambulance, Christoph 51, on a clear day