OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raphaël Gauvain

Raphaël Gauvain (born 10 April 1973) is a French lawyer and politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who served as a member of the French National Assembly from 2017 to 2022, representing the department of Saône-et-Loire.

## Political career

In parliament, Gauvain served on the Committee on Legal Affairs. In this capacity, he served as rapporteur on a 2017 anti-terrorism law, a 2018 business secrecy law, and a 2021 anti-corruption law.

## Political positions

In July 2019, Gauvain voted in favor of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
# Phoenix Movies Channel

Phoenix Movies Channel is one of the six channels that Phoenix Television operates. It was launched on August 28, 1998, and replaced Star Chinese Movies in Hong Kong and mainland China and serves as an encrypted pay-television service. Currently the encrypted signal is beamed via AsiaSat 3S across China, Vietnam (Via HTVC) and South Korea (Via SBS). In the beginning, it was broadcast via cable in Hong Kong, and via satellite to Taiwan, and other regions worldwide besides the mainland. Due to stiff competition from other Chinese movie channels, the channel was withdrawn from those regions.
The movies are aired in their original language and occasionally comes with Chinese Subtitles (China) and Korean Subtitles (South Korea).
Phoenix Movies Channel showcases Hollywood blockbusters, Chinese top hits as well as international award-winning titles. Over 280 movie titles are shown each month, of which 80% are Asian productions from libraries including Golden Harvest, Golden Princess and Media Asia featuring renowned directors like Wong Kar-wai, Tsui Hark, as well as top artists such as Jackie Chan, Chow Yun-fat, Tony Leung, Maggie Chow, Andy Lau, Stephen Chow, and Leon Lai.
The remaining 20% of the programming comprises Hollywood and international blockbusters. To preserve the originality of the movies, all films are shown in original soundtracks with Chinese subtitles.

## Related Channels

* Phoenix Chinese Channel
* Phoenix InfoNews Channel
* Phoenix Chinese News and Entertainment Channel
* Phoenix Hong Kong Channel
# Guard band

In telecommunications, a guard band is a narrow, intentionally unused frequency band that is placed between adjacent frequency bands to minimize interference between them. It is used in frequency-division multiplexing. Guard bands exist in both wired and wireless communications.
A guard band can also be licensed for use by low-powered devices such as a private mobile phone network.
# Lake Plains, South Australia

Lake Plains is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about 64 kilometres (40 miles) south of the Adelaide city centre and 27 kilometres (17 miles) northeast of the centre of Goolwa on the west coastline of Lake Alexandrina.
Lake Plains is reported as being a “descriptive name given to a subdivision of section 2113, Hundred of Bremer…” A school operated there from 1862 to 1942. Boundaries were created for the “long established name” in August 2000.
The majority land use within the locality is agriculture. Land use planning is required to take account of flooding due to the route of the Bremer River through the locality to its mouth at Lake Alexandrina. The coastline of the locality is zoned for conservation due to its location within the Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland which is listed both as a Ramsar site and a wetland of national importance.
Lake Plains is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Hammond and the local government area of the Alexandrina Council.
# Erythradenia

Erythradenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
There is only one known species, Erythradenia pyramidalis, endemic to Mexico (Guerrero, México State, Michoacán, Jalisco).
# Kingcol

Kingcol was a British Army flying column created during the Anglo-Iraqi War.

## Creation and composition

Kingcol was created to allow a portion of Habforce to relieve RAF Habbaniya as soon as possible. The column was named after its commander, Brigadier J.J. Kingstone. Kingcol comprised 4th Cavalry Brigade, 237th Battery 60th (North Midland) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery 1st Battalion Essex Regiment, one anti-tank troop, Royal Artillery, Number 2 Armoured Car Company RAF, and two supply companies, Royal Army Service Corps. The 4th Cavalry Brigade comprised Composite Household Cavalry Regiment, the Warwickshire Yeomanry, and the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry.
# William D. Ryan

William D. Ryan (1861 – November 17, 1949) was an American labor unionist.
Born in Illinois, Ryan moved with his family to Braidwood, Illinois in 1865. He became a breaker boy at a colliery, and joined the Knights of Labor, and then the United Mine Workers of America. In 1897, he was elected as secretary-treasurer of his local, and became a full-time organizer for the union. In 1908, he was elected as secretary-treasurer of the international union, but he left the union movement in 1909. He then worked as an arbitrator for the Southwestern Interstate Coal Operators' Association, as a safety commissioner for the United States Bureau of Mines, and briefly ran a family coal and grain company.
Ryan retired in 1935, and died in Kansas City, Missouri in 1949.
# William Nicol

William Nicol may refer to:
* William Nicol (geologist) (1770–1851), Scottish physicist and geologist
* William Nicol (surgeon) (1790–1879), Member of Parliament for Dover, 1859–1865
* William Nicol (Transvaal) (1887–1967), clergyman and Governor of the Transvaal
* William Nicol (teacher) (1744–1797), Scottish schoolmaster and friend of Robert Burns
# Pegundan

Pegundan is a village in the town of Petarukan, Pemalang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This villages has an area of 3,59 km$^2$ and a population of 12,837 inhabitants in 2022.
# Nad Ali District

Nad Ali or Nad-e Ali is a district in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. Marja is an unincorporated agricultural district in Nad Ali. The area is irrigated by the Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority (HAVA). A small town of the same name lies 11 km to the west of the Helmand River, at the coordinates shown at the top of the page. The town of Nad-e Ali was built in 1954 as part of the HAVA irrigation project, and was settled by 3,000 predominantly Pashtun families who were given newly arable land.
The village of Shin Kalay has made advances in the education of children that was recognized and published by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA).

## War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

During the International Security Assistance Force occupation, Nad Ali was in the UK area of responsibility. On 9 February 2011, soldiers from the Parachute Regiment were patrolling in north of Nad-e Ali district when they were hit by small arms fire, resulting in two fatalities.
Nad Ali was the scene of several intense firefights during the course of the war in Afghanistan.
In 2014, a patrol formed of soldiers from the Household Cavalry Regiment, and the 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion were involved in a 40 hour long gunfight with Taliban fighters in and around the town.
# Phoenix Mountain (Zhejiang)

Phoenix Mountain, also known by its Chinese name Fenghuangshan, is a mountain located on the edge of West Lake in Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province in eastern China. It is connected with a string of hills called Wushan and is the highest point within the city.
According to Chinese legend, the mountain is the earthly remains of a mythical golden phoenix who, along with a jade dragon, had created a beautiful pearl which was subsequently stolen from them by the henchman of a queen goddess. In their attempt to rescue the pearl from the jealous queen, the pair cause the pearl to drop from heaven and turn into West Lake. The phoenix and dragon decide to remain beside it forever by becoming mountains.
It is also the site of the imperial palace of the Southern Song dynasty, lie at the foot of the mountain in Shangcheng district of Hangzhou. The palace is destroyed in 1276, eleven years after the fall of the dynasty.
# Guard interval

In telecommunications, guard intervals are used to ensure that distinct transmissions do not interfere with one another, or otherwise cause overlapping transmissions. These transmissions may belong to different users (as in TDMA) or to the same user (as in OFDM).
The purpose of the guard interval is to introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes and reflections, to which digital data is normally very sensitive.

## Use in digital communications systems

In OFDM, the beginning of each symbol is preceded by a guard interval. As long as the echoes fall within this interval, they will not affect the receiver's ability to safely decode the actual data, as data is only interpreted outside the guard interval.
In TDMA, each user's timeslot ends with a guard interval. Thus, the guard interval protects against data loss within the same timeslot, and protects the following user's timeslot from interference caused by propagation delay. It is a common misconception that TDMA timeslots begin with the guard interval, as with OFDM. However, in specifications for TDMA systems such as GSM, the guard period is defined as being at the end of the timeslot.
Longer guard periods allow more distant echoes to be tolerated but reduce channel efficiency. For example, in DVB-T, guard intervals are available as 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 or 1/4 of a symbol period. The shortest interval (1/32) provides the lowest protection and the highest data rate; the longest interval (1/4) provides the highest protection but the lowest data rate. Ideally, the guard interval is set to just above the delay spread of the channel.

## 802.11 guard interval

The standard symbol guard interval used in IEEE 802.11 OFDM is 0.8 μs. To increase data rate, 802.11n added optional support for a 0.4 μs guard interval. This provides an 11% increase in data rate. To increase coverage area, IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) provides optional support for 0.8 μs, 1.6 μs, and 3.2 μs guard intervals.
The shorter guard interval results in a higher packet error rate when the delay spread of the channel exceeds the guard interval or if timing synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is not precise. A scheme could be developed to work out whether a short guard interval would be of benefit to a particular link. To reduce complexity, manufacturers typically only implement a short guard interval as a final rate adaptation step when the device is running at its highest data rate.
# Phytomyptera minutissima

Phytomyptera minutissima is a European species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

British Isles, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Austria, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Russia.
# Pseudokadyella

Pseudokadyella is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.
# Quercus salicifolia

Quercus salicifolia is a species of oak. It is native to central and southern Mexico and Central America, from Jalisco to Panama.

## Description

Quercus salicifolia is a tree up to 25 metres (82 feet) tall, with a trunk up to 100 centimetres (39 inches) in diameter. The leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, up to 20 cm (8 in) long, with no teeth or lobes.
The epithet "salicifolia" means "willow-leaved" alluding to the resemblance between the leaves of Q. salicifolia and those of several species of Salix.
# Kingcase Parish Church

Kingcase Parish Church is located in South Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is a Parish Church in the Church of Scotland, within the presbytery of Ayr.
The building dates from 1912, and is in red sandstone. The modern history of the church begins immediately after the Union of the Churches in 1929 which brought the four churches in Prestwick together within the Church of Scotland. A new congregation was formed in what was the New Prestwick mission hall of St Nicholas Church. This congregation was recognised as Prestwick Kingcase Church in 1934, becoming a parish church in 1950. The church was extended in 1956, and three of its stained-glass windows date from this decade.
# Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla

Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla (4 October 1801, Cartago, Costa Rica – 23 May 1856) was a Costa Rican politician and the Head of State of Costa Rica from November to December 1844.

## Personal life

Oreamuno was the son of Isidro de Oreamuno y Alvarado and Justa de Bonilla y Laya-Bolívar. He studied Latin with Hipólito Calvo Rosales and philosophy with Rafael Francisco Osejo. On June 7, 1827, Oreamuno married Nicaraguan Agustina Gutiérrez y La Peña-Monjehija, the daughter of Agustín Gutiérrez y Lizaurzábal and Josefa de La Peña-Monje y La Cerda. The couple had four children: María Esmeralda, Francisco José, Jesús María and Salvador.

## Political career

Oreamuno became involved in politics in 1821. He served as a judge in Minas del Aguacate (1824), the third mayor of Cartago (1826), a legislator for Cartago (1826-1828), a member of the Court of Auditors (1826-1827), and was regidor and interim Municipal President of Cartago (1831). He also held the roles of Federal Customs Administrator of Puntarenas (1831-1838), General State Administrator (1838 and 1842), Commissioner of Costa Rica in Nicaragua (1838), Trial Court Justice of Cartago (1841), Constituent Assembly member (1843-1844), Vice Chief of Staff (1843-1844), Minister of Finance, Public Education and the Navy (1847), Governor of Cartago (1849-1850), Vice President of the Republic (1850-1856) and President of Congress (1850-1856).
In the 1844 Costa Rican elections, the first that used a direct voting system, he achieved an overwhelming victory against the provisional Head of State, José María Alfaro Zamora, and 28 other candidates. He started his tenure on 21 November 1844 and was supposed to continue in the role until 1848. However, he resigned and returned to Cartago; his resignation was not accepted. He was temporarily replaced by Rafael Moya Murillo (1844-1845) and José Rafael Gallegos (1845-1846).
In April 1845, the legislature suspended him from office, declared that there was cause for proceedings against him and ordered that criminal proceedings be opened against him for abandoning his post, but he remained the titular head of state until 7 June 1846 when a military coup ended the constitutional government.
In 1850, he became Vice President of Costa Rica under President Juan Rafael Mora Porras.

## Later life and death

He was a wealthy landowner and raised coffee and livestock in Cartago. He also wrote for the weekly publication La Paz y el Progreso.
In 1856, a severe cholera epidemic swept through Costa Rica, killing 10% of the population. Oreamuno caught cholera and died on 23 May 1856.

## Legacy

In 1914, one of the cantons of Cartago province was named Oreamuno after him. His son-in-law Jesús Jiménez Zamora and his grandson Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno were both Presidents of Costa Rica.
# N-Methylspiperone

N-Methylspiperone (NMSP) is a derivate of spiperone that is used to study the dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter systems. Labeled with the radioisotope carbon-11, it can be used for positron emission tomography.
# Earl de Grey

Earl de Grey, of Wrest in the County of Bedford, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

## History

The title was created on 25 October 1816 (as Countess de Grey) for Amabell Hume-Campbell, Dowager Lady Polwarth and suo jure 5th Baroness Lucas, with remainder to the heirs male of her body, and in default of such issue to her sister Mary Jemima Robinson, Dowager Baroness Grantham, and the heirs male of her body. She was the elder daughter and co-heir of Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, and Jemima Campbell, 2nd Marchioness Grey (see Marquess Grey), eldest daughter of John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, and Lady Amabel Grey, eldest daughter of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent (see Duke of Kent).
The marquessate of Grey had become extinct on her mother's death in 1797, and when the Grey title was revived in favour of her daughter, the style "de Grey" was used to distinguish it from the earldom of Grey, which had been created in 1806; the Grey family was extremely distantly related to the Earls Grey. The Countess de Grey was the widow of Alexander Hume-Campbell, Lord Polwarth, eldest son of Hugh Hume, 3rd Earl of Marchmont.
The Countess de Grey was childless, and she was succeeded in the barony of Lucas according to the normal descent of that title and in the earldom of de Grey according to the special remainder by her nephew, Thomas Robinson, 3rd Baron Grantham, who assumed the surname of de Grey on succeeding to the title. Lord de Grey was the eldest son of Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham, and the aforementioned Mary Jemima Robinson, Dowager Baroness Grantham (died 1830), sister of the Countess de Grey (see Marquess of Ripon for earlier history of the Robinson family).
He died in 1859 and was succeeded in the barony of Lucas (which could be passed on through female lines) by his eldest daughter Lady Anne (see Baron Lucas for further history of this title) and in the earldom of de Grey (which could only be passed on through male lines) by his nephew, George Robinson, 2nd Earl of Ripon, only son of F. J. Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon, the former prime minister better known as Lord Goderich. On succeeding to the earldom of de Grey, Lord Ripon styled himself "Earl de Grey and Ripon". In 1871, he was created Marquess of Ripon, whereafter Earl de Grey became the courtesy title used by the heir apparent to the marquessate. Ripon was succeeded by his son and only surviving child, Frederick Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon. The second Marquess was childless, and on his death in 1923, the marquessate and earldom of de Grey and all other titles became extinct.

## Earls de Grey (1816)

* Amabel Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey (1751–1833)
* Thomas Philip de Grey, 2nd Earl De Grey, 3rd Baron Grantham (1781–1859)
* George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon, 3rd Earl de Grey (1827–1909)
* Frederick Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon, 4th Earl de Grey (1852–1923)
# Family Mini Golf

Family Mini Golf (Okiraku Putter Golf in Japan) is a miniature golf video game developed by Arc System Works for WiiWare. It was released in Japan on March 10, 2009, in North America on June 22, 2009 and in the PAL region on April 2, 2010.

## Gameplay

Similar to Family Table Tennis and Family Glide Hockey, players control a member of a family, including a mother, father, son (Billy), and daughter (Sarah), to play against another in a round of mini golf.
The game features three, 9-hole courses, with an additional three available as paid downloadable content. Each 9 level pack is 200 Wii Points each. The game is 500 Wii Points itself so it's 1100 Wii Points in all.

## Reception

IGN called the game a "frustratingly un-fun effort", and were left confused by the controls which were at odds to the instructions in the game's operations manual. However, Nintendo Life found no apparent issue, praising their simplicity as well as the design of the courses, and thought the game excelled in multiplayer.
# La Puebla de Valdavia

La Puebla de Valdavia is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 148 inhabitants.
# 7 Pecados Rurais

7 Pecados Rurais is a 2013 Portuguese film directed by Nicolau Breyner. It was the Portuguese film with the largest number of admissions in Portugal in 2013 with 281,423.
# Katie Vincent (canoeist)

Katharine Leslie "Katie" Vincent (born March 12, 1996) is a Canadian sprint canoeist. She won a gold medal in the women's C-1 200 metres event at the 2024 Paris Olympics, as well as two bronze medals in the women's C-2 500 metres event, at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and the 2024 Paris Olympics.

## Career

She participated at the 2017 Racice, 2018 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, 2019 Szeged.
She represented Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the debut women's canoe events Women's C-1 200 metres. Vincent would later win bronze in the women's C-2 500 metres with partner Laurence Vincent Lapointe. In June 2024, Vincent was named to her second Olympic team. At the Paris Olympics, Vincent won bronze in the C-2 500 event and gold in the C-1 200 event with a World's Best time of 44.12. Vincent became the first women to win a gold medal for Canada in the sport of canoeing.
# Pseudokiefferiella

Pseudokiefferiella is a genus of European non-biting midges in the subfamily Chironominae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae.
# Quercus saltillensis

Quercus saltillensis is a species of oak. It is native to northeastern Mexico. It is placed in Quercus section Lobatae.

## Description

Quercus saltillensis is a shrub or small tree, growing from one to five meters tall.

## Range and habitat

Quercus saltillensis is native to the mountains of northeastern Mexico in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas. It is found in the northern Sierra Madre Oriental of Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Coahuila, and in several ranges which rise from the Mexican Plateau east of the Sierra Madre Oriental, including the sierras de Arteaga, la Concordia, Parras, Carneros, Zapalinamé, and la Paila in Coahuila, the Sierra de Astillero in Zacatecas, and El Águila hill in San Luis Potosí.
Quercus saltillensis is found in mountain forests and shrublands between 1,900 and 2,400 meters elevation, in pine-oak and oak forests and in the transition between pine-oak and fir forest. It is associated with Pinus cembroides, P. pseudostrobus, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. lindleyana, Cupressus arizonica, Quercus hintoniorum, Q. mexicana, Q. greggii, Q. laeta, Q. striatula, Juniperus flaccida, J. pinchotii, Prunus serotina, Ceanothus buxifolius, Juglans microcarpa, and Arctostaphylos pungens. On southern and southeastern slopes it can be found with some species of the Agavaceae family. At the edges of pine–oak and fir forests and on drier slopes it grows as a shrub, while in humid areas it can grow into a small tree.
# Postage stamps and postal history of Dominica

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Dominica, an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. Claimed by France in the 17th century, it was later awarded to Great Britain, becoming independent in 1978.
Until December 31, 1939, Dominica was one of the Leeward Islands; it was then transferred to the Windward Islands.

## Early mails

The GPO in London established a branch at Roseau in 1845, using a handstruck mark reading "Paid at Dominica". Between 1858 and April 1860, British stamps were used in Dominica, and these are identifiable through a coded postal obliterator reading A07.
Later, colonial officials took charge of the posts and used their own handstruck postal markings.

## First stamps

On 4 May 1874, Dominica issued its first stamps, with a set consisting of 1d, 6d, and 1 shilling values. The design was a profile of Queen Victoria in an oval frame with "DOMINICA POSTAGE" in the band of the frame. The same design continued in use, with additional values and changes of color and watermark, through a 1/- magenta in 1890. Provisional issues included a half-penny surcharge on bisects in 1882–1883, and surcharges in 1886.
The general issue of stamps for the Leeward Islands superseded Dominican stamps on 31 October 1890, but concurrent Dominican issues resumed in 1903, and continued through 31 December 1939.
Dominica adopted the British West Indies dollar in 1949, and the first issue denominated in the new currency was the Universal Postal Union 75th anniversary commemorative in October of that year. This was followed up in 1951 with a new series of 15 pictorials that included a full-face portrait of George VI.
The pictorial set was reissued in 1954 with a profile portrait of Elizabeth II, along with four additional designs.