OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# El Hombre Redimido

El Hombre Redimido (English: Man redeemed) is a bronze statue by Victor Cott that commemorates the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico. It is located on Avenida Hostos at the fork of Calle Salud and Calle Marina streets, in Barrio Cuarto, Ponce, Puerto Rico.

## Background

Slaves were brought to Puerto Rico from Africa starting in 1513 and through the 18th century to replace the local native "Indian" slaves who had been decimated. The new slaves worked the coffee, sugar cane, and gold mining industries in Puerto Rico. During the 18th century, as gold mining ceased to be one of the major industries in Puerto Rico, slaves worked mostly in coffee plantations and sugar cane fields. By Royal proclamation slavery was abolished on 22 March 1873.
In 1874, a group of citizens built a small park in Ponce in memory of the historic event. In 1880 Olimpio Otero, Juan Mayoral Barnés, and Román Baldorioty de Castro were instrumental in creating the concept for a park dedicated to the commemorating the abolition of slavery, the only such memorial in the Caribbean. Juan Mayoral Barnés brought the idea for the creation of the park to the Ponce Municipal Assembly on 14 March 1880. It was unanimously approved by the Assembly, ratified by the Central Government, and confirmed by Royal Decree on 1 March 1881.
In 1956, under the administration of Ponce mayor Andrés Grillasca Salas, the park was renovated and enlarged to include an obelisk and the statue.

## Description

Built in 1956 to be part of the renovation and enlargement of the park that had stood there since the 1890s, El Hombre Redimido was designed by Victor M. Cott (b. 1898, Collores, Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico) and is forged in bronze. Victor Cott himself modeled for the statue on its knees and the bronze statue was subsequently forged in the United States. It is approximately four feet high. It was restored in 2006.
# El Hiwar Et Tounsi

El Hiwar Et Tounsi ("Tunisian Dialogue") is television channel in Tunisia. In March 2015 it was the most widely watched television channel in Tunisia, with a 26.7% market share.
The channel was launched in 2003 by Tahar Ben Hassin, a left-wing émigré in Paris, as an unlicensed satellite station broadcasting political programmes opposed to the Ben Ali regime. After the Tunisian Revolution the channel relocated to the Manouba suburb of Tunis, switching to digital terrestrial broadcast and gradually becoming a mainstream television channel. In 2014 the founder sold the channel to a group of investors headed by Zamel Fehri and Aziz Jemal.
The channel's logo changes color to the sky blue characteristic of Ettounsiya TV, which Fehri transferred to Slim Riahi.
Notable Productions: Awled Moufida, Denya Okhra
# Volevčice (Jihlava District)

Volevčice (Czech pronunciation:) is a municipality and village in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 70 inhabitants.
Volevčice lies approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) south-west of Jihlava and 122 km (76 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Vogelkop mountain rat

The Vogelkop mountain rat, Rattus arfakiensis, is a species of rat native to Indonesia. It is found only in the Bird's Head Peninsula (possibly throughout the Arfak Mountains) of Papua Province, Indonesia.
# Arctostaphylos insularis

Arctostaphylos insularis is a species of manzanita known by the common name island manzanita. It is endemic to Santa Cruz Island, one of the Channel Islands of California.

## Description

Arctostaphylos insularis is a large, spreading shrub reaching over 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) tall and known to exceed 5 metres (16 ft 5 in) in width. It has waxy, reddish bark and the smaller twigs sometimes have bristly glandular hairs. The leaves are shiny green and smooth, generally oval in shape and slightly convex, and up to about 4.5 centimetres (1+3⁄4 in) long. The shrub blooms in many dense clustered inflorescences of urn-shaped flowers. The fruit is an orange-brown drupe up to 1.5 centimetres (5⁄8 in) wide.

## Habitat

Arctostaphylos insularis grows in the chaparral, oak woodland, and coastal pine forest habitat of its native island.
# Volpato

Volpato is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cristian Volpato (born 2003), Australian-Italian footballer
* Giovanni Volpato (1735–1803), Italian engraver
* Giovanna Volpato (born 1975), Italian runner
* Giovanni Battista Volpato (1633–1706) Italian painter
* Paola Volpato, Chilean actress
* Rej Volpato (born 1986), Italian footballer
# Namibia National Olympic Committee

The Namibia National Olympic Committee (IOC code: NAM) is the National Olympic Committee representing Namibia. It was created in 1990 and recognised by the IOC in 1992
Namibia made its debut at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona where it was represented by six athletes.

## Presidents of Committee

* present – Agnes Tjongarero
# Argyroploce

Argyroploce is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Argyroploce aquilonana Karvonen, 1932
* Argyroploce arbutella (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Argyroploce dalecarliana (Guenée, 1845)
* Argyroploce lediana (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Argyroploce noricana (Herrich-Schffer, 1851)
* Argyroploce roseomaculana ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)
* Argyroploce unedana Baixeras, 2002
# Overlap coefficient

The overlap coefficient, or Szymkiewicz–Simpson coefficient, is a similarity measure that measures the overlap between two finite sets. It is related to the Jaccard index and is defined as the size of the intersection divided by the size of the smaller of two sets:
    $\operatorname {overlap} (A,B)={\frac {|A\cap B|}{\min(|A|,|B|)}}$
Note that $0\leq \operatorname {overlap} (A,B)\leq 1$. If set A is a subset of B or the converse, then the overlap coefficient is equal to 1.

## See Also

* Jaccard index
# Norber erratics

The Norber erratics are one of the finest groups of glacial erratic boulders in Britain. They are found on the southern slopes of Ingleborough, close to the village of Austwick in the Yorkshire Dales. The Ordnance Survey grid reference of the boulder field is SD764698.
The erratics are classic geomorphological features from the glaciation of northern England. In his chapter on the Pennines, A. E. Trueman wrote: "Particularly well known are the great perched blocks of dark grit which stand on the limestone platform at Norber near Settle."
Many of the Silurian greywacke boulders at the site are perched on pedestals of limestone up to 30cm high. The boulders were probably deposited by melting ice sheets at the end of the last ice age, around 12,000 years ago. The pedestals have developed because the erratic boulders have protected the underlying limestone from solution by rainfall, giving estimates of the rate of lowering of the surrounding limestone pavement of around 25mm per 1000 years. Recent cosmogenic dating suggests that the boulders have been exposed for around 17,900 years.
# Warszawa Żerań railway station

Warszawa Żerań railway station is a railway station in the Białołęka district of Warsaw, Poland. As of 2012, it is used by Koleje Mazowieckie, who run the KM9 services from Warszawa Wola or Warszawa Zachodnia through the north of the Masovian Voivodeship to Działdowo, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship via Legionowo, Nasielsk, Modlin, Ciechanów and Mława, at all of which some trains terminate, and by Szybka Kolej Miejska, who run S9 services to Wieliszew, with some trains terminating at Legionowo or Legionowo Piaski.
# USS Pierre

USS Pierre may refer to:
* USS PC-1141, a PC-461-class submarine chaser that served in the United States Navy in 1943–1958 and named as USS Pierre (PC-1141) in 1956–1958
* USS Pierre (LCS-38), a future Independence-class littoral combat ship
# Paul Atherton (entrepreneur)

Paul David Atherton FREng (1954 – 2023) was a British philanthropist, innovator and engineer. He worked on interferometry and picometre sensors. He dedicated his career to innovation, product design and supporting startup companies. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2018.

## Early life and education

Atherton studied physics at Imperial College London, where his doctoral research focused on using interferometric measurements to study planetary nebulae. During his time there, he devised a new approach to more efficiently observe the night sky, which accelerated astronomical imaging and led to the co-founding of his first company in 1978 Queensgate Instruments, which specialized in creating innovative technologies for night sky imaging and gained popularity in both academic and industrial circles. After spending a year to develop Queensgate, Atherton chose to shift his focus to entrepreneurship and subsequently completed an MBA at the London Business School.

## Career

Atherton specialised in the development of sensors and control devices. He taught engineering at the University of Cambridge and Cranfield University. Atherton dedicated much of his career to supporting enterprise and venture activities at Imperial College London. From 2004 he served as non executive Director of Imperial Innovations, a technology commercialisation company. He held this position for ten years, securing investment funding for various startups and spinouts. He was an early investor in FA Bio, a sustainable agriculture spinout that restores the biodiversity of degraded soil.
In 2017 Atherton founded the Imperial Venture Mentoring Service, which attracts entrepreneurs and industry experts into volunteer mentoring roles.

## Awards and honours

* 1995 London Business School Alumni Engagement Award
* 2013 Elected Fellow of the London Business School
* 2016 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Physics
* 2018 Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering
* 2021 Imperial College Alumni Entrepreneur Award

## Personal life

Atherton was a member of The Old Gits Band.
# Morgiana

Morgiana may refer to:
* Morgiana (character), a character from One Thousand and One Nights
* Morgiana (film), a 1972 Czechoslovak Gothic horror/drama film
# Egawa Hidetatsu

Egawa Hidetatsu Tarōzaemon (江川英龍太郎左衛門, June 23, 1801 - March 1, 1855) was a Japanese Bakufu intendant of the 19th century. He was Daikan, in charge of the domains of the Tokugawa shogunate in Izu, Sagami and Kai Provinces during the Bakumatsu period. He took a leading role in the reinforcement of Japanese coastal defenses against Western encroachments in the 19th century.

## Coastal defenses

Due to his holdings on the coast, Egawa Hidetatsu was involved in issues of coastal defences, critical to Japan at that time. He was in relations with the group of Watanabe Kazan, and Takano Chōei.
Egawa Hidetatsu was put in charge of establishing the defense of Edo Bay against Western intrusions in 1839, following the incident of the Morrison under Charles W. King in 1837. In 1841, Egawa permitted the gunnery demonstrations of Takashima Shūhan to the Tokugawa Shogunate.
As early as 1842, Egawa attempted to build a furnace to cast weapons in the village of Nirayama in the Izu Peninsula. After sending a student to study the furnace which had been built in the Saga Domain, a new furnace was built which succeeded in casting cannons in 1858, after the death of Egawa.
Egawa taught Western gunnery and techniques to numerous men who would later have a role in the Meiji Restoration. He also advocated the conscription of farmers into the army.
Egawa also designed and built the battery emplacements at the entrance of Edo harbour at Odaiba in 1853/54, following the 1853 visit of Commodore Perry and his promise to return the following year. The fortifications were built to prevent the intrusion near Tokyo of the foreign ships. Commodore Perry would effectively stop his fleet at Uraga, southward at the entrance of Edo Bay, fully prepared for hostilities if his negotiations with the Japanese failed. His ships were equipped with modern Paixhans shell guns, capable of bringing destruction everywhere a shell landed.

## Westernization debate

Egawa was involved in an important debate at that time, whether to adopt Western guns and methods or not. He advocated that the English had shown great superiority over the Chinese in the 1840 Opium War, and that it was necessary to use their own techniques to repel them. Others, such as Torii Yōzō argued that only traditional Japanese methods should be employed and reinforced. Egawa argued that just as Confucianism and Buddhism had been introduced from abroad, it made sense to introduce useful Western techniques. Sakuma Shōzan was a student of a school founded by Egawa Hidetatsu.
A theoretical synthesis of "Western knowledge" and "Eastern morality" would later be accomplished by Sakuma Shōzan and Yokoi Shōnan, in view of "controlling the barbarians with their own methods".
At one point Egawa hired the services of Nakahama Manjirō, a Japanese castaway who had spent 10 years in the West before returning to Japan, in order to obtain better knowledge of the West.
# Vineta (Swakopmund)

Vineta is one of the suburbs of the town of Swakopmund in Namibia. This neighbourhood is located to the north of the town centre and extends over 3 km along the Atlantic coast. To the east it borders on the C34 road and the Tamariskia neighbourhood.
When it was built in the 1950s, it was located about 1 km north of the town centre, with only sand and some shacks inhabited by coloured people in between. Now the town centre and Vineta form a contiguous area.
Most houses in Vineta originally belonged to white people, who permanently lived inland from the coast, their coastal properties used as holiday homes only. Nowadays, Vineta is inhabited by people belonging to the middle and upper strata of society. There are also some apartment buildings, schools and recreational facilities in the neighbourhood.

## Swakopmund Waterfront

A neighbourhood called the Swakopmund Waterfront in a certain part of Vineta has been planned since 2002, but due to financial problems, the construction only began in 2007. In 2004, the Waterfront received the status of being a separate residential area, whereas earlier it had been part of Vineta. Finally, plans to develop a 16,000 square metre area were approved. The construction would be done by the South African company Safari Developments, the contract worth 400 to 500 million Namibian dollars.

## Finnish Private School

Finnish missionary children went to school in Swakopmund since 1945. As soon as the construction of the Vineta neighbourhood began, a school building for the Finnish Private School was built in Vineta. The school operated there from 1950 to 1989 excluding the school year 1986–87. The school had grades 1–9. With one exception, the students were all children of the employees of the Finnish Missionary Society, whose parents lived mostly in Ovamboland and the Kavango Region.
# NCAA College Division

The NCAA College Division was a historic subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) consisting of member schools competing at a lower level of college sports. The NCAA initially divided schools into a College Division and a University Division. The College Division was split into two smaller groups in 1973 with the creation of NCAA Division II, which allows its members to award limited athletic scholarships, and Division III, which prohibits athletic scholarships.
The College Division began for purposes of college basketball. In August 1956, NCAA executive director Walter Byers announced that, starting in 1957, the NCAA would hold separate basketball tournaments for major schools and smaller colleges. Approximately 156 major schools competing in the "University Division" would compete for 24 spots in the University Division tournament, while 285 smaller schools in the "College Division" would compete for 32 spots in a separate tournament.
# P. N. Vallarasu

P. N. Vallarasu, also known as Thanagaraj, (died 21 October 2000) was an Indian politician and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu.
Vallarasu contested the Andipatti assembly constituency in the 1984 elections. He has been variously described as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and Forward Bloc (FB) candidate at that time. In standing, he was facing M. G. Ramachandran, the incumbent Chief Minister and leader of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. In a move that was considered by his opponents to be an election ploy to elicit sympathy, Ramachandran was receiving medical treatment in the US and his nomination papers to be a candidate in the election were verified by a thumbprint rather than a signature. Vallarasu took the issue to Madras High Court, claiming that the nomination was invalid because the Representation of the People Act only permitted illiterates to file their papers in such a way. The court disagreed with Vallarasu, who had also challenged the manner in which the oath had been sworn by Ramachandran. Ramachandran won the seat, with Vallarasu finishing as runner-up.
Vallarasu was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a DMK candidate from Usilampatti constituency in the 1989 election and as an FB candidate in the 1996 election. As an FB candidate, he also finished as runner-up in 1991.
Vallarasu died on 21 October 2000. He had been elected as state president of the FB's trade union wing in February of that year.
P. V. Kathiravan, a nephew of Vallarasu, won the Usilampatti seat in the 2011 assembly elections. Ilayarasu was founder and general secretary of all in forward bloc (vallarasu) party after death of P.N vallarasu. Ilayarasu is nephew of him. Personal life
Vallarasu was born in Nallathangalpuram (Kalpulichanpatti), Madurai, Tamil Nadu.
# Edwin Bunting Bartram

Edwin Bunting Bartram (28 July 1878 – 2 December 1964) was an American botanist and bryologist. He described many dozens of new species in bryology, and contributed 143 works, including a number of books. He was a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Torrey Botanical Club, New England Botanical Club, Sullivant Moss Society and British Bryological Society.
His collections and publications contributed to the growth of the Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University in Philadelphia also preserves some of his collected specimens. He contributed 143 publications, including several books, to bryology.
# P. B. Desai

Pandurangrao Bhimrao Desai (1910–1974) was an Indian epigraphist, historian, and archaeologist.

## Early years

Desai was born in Gurmitkal village Gulbarga District on 24 December 1910. Panduranga was the youngest among five sons and faced some early hardships due to the loss of his father when he was still young. Coming from an economically backward area which came under the domains of the Nizam of Hyderabad, he was fortunate to get formal education in his early years. He was a polyglot, being well versed in Kannada, Marathi and Urdu, Tamil, Telugu besides English. His schooling was interrupted for a couple of years due to illness but he went on to graduation and master's degree Sanskrit.

## Curiosity in history

During his days as a young man, he developed an interest in collecting ancient Kannada inscriptions and epigraphs. He started his work at Kuknur, now located in Koppal district in north Karnataka. He collected over 200 Kannada inscriptions from here. In medieval times, Kuknur had been a great center of learning and many monuments built by the Rashtrakutas and Western Chalukyas are found here, including the famous navalinga temples. He also undertook the study of temple architecture, sculptures and memorial stones.

## Further studies

Desai restarted his education again and got a B.A. degree from Karnatak college Dharwad in 1935 and an M.A. degree from Bombay University. His first book History of Vijayanagar empire 1936 established him as a historian of repute. In his book Desai asserts that the founders of Vijayanagar Empire never belonged to the Telugu region and the story of their captivity and conversion to Islam by the Sultan of Delhi is false. He further asserts that epigraphal evidence proves that the area around Hampi was the home of the Sangama brothers, the founding kings of the empire.

## Epigraphist

He joined the Department of Archeology, of Government of India in 1939 and deciphered over a thousand inscriptions from Mumbai-Karnataka region as well as Tamil and Telugu inscriptions. Desai went on to become Head of Department, Ancient Indian History and Culture, Karnatak University.

## Contributions

As an epigraphist, his knowledge and command over several south Indian languages as well as Sanskrit made his analysis unquestionable and he made many a contribution to local journals as well as international journals like Epigraphia Indica. Some of his famous works are,
* History of Vijayanagar empire
* Corpus of Kannada inscriptions from Hyderabad
* Jainism in South India and some Jaina Inscriptions
* Basaveshvara and his times
* Shasanaparichaya
* History of Ancient India in Kannada
As an archaeologist and historian, his lasting contributions are
* Discovery of Buddhist centers in Karnataka
* Works on Shakti cult
* Panduranga of Pandharpur and history of place names
He brought out glory of Karnataka beyond the region and the country and created awareness, through several literary works. He was a prolific writer in Kannada.
Desai wrote thirty books in Kannada, ten books in English, one in Marathi and published four hundred and twenty articles in English and Kannada.
# Mỹ An, An Giang

Mỹ An is a rural commune (xã) of Chợ Mới District in An Giang Province, Vietnam.
# P. K. Sawant ministry

P. K. Sawant was appointed interim Chief Minister of Maharashtra, on the death of Marotrao Kannamwar. Sawant held the office for nine days from 25 November 1963 to 4 December 1963, when he was replaced by Congress' new leader, Vasantrao Naik. And Successor First Vasantrao Naik ministry This ministry had the shortest tenure in Maharashtra until 2019, when Devendra Fadnavis's second government lasted for about three days.