OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A. Demandre

A. Demandre (born in the 18th century – 1808) was an 18th-century French grammarian and lexicographer. He is known only by the name Demanbre which he put down a dedicatory epistle.
He is the author of the Dictionnaire de l'Élocution françoise (Paris, 1769, 2 vol.in-8°). This work is also known under the name Dictionnaire portatif des règles de la Langue Françoise, dated 1770 for certain copies of the first edition. This book was printed care of abbé de Fontenai in 1802.
The dictionary gathers all that is related to Elocution Françoise, that is the principles of grammar, logic, rhetorics, versification, syntax, construction, composition method, prosody, pronunciation, spelling, and generally the rules necessary to properly write and speak French, either in prose or in verse.
# W. L. Jeyasingham

William Luther "W.L." Jeyasingham (7 January 1916 – December 1989) was a Sri Lankan Tamil teacher, geographer, academic and dean of the Faculty of Arts, University of Jaffna.

## Early life and family

Jeyasingham was born on 7 January 1916. He was educated at St Patrick's College, Jaffna and St. Joseph's College, Colombo. He passed the Cambridge Seniors exam with honours and matriculated in 1933. After school he joined the University of Ceylon, graduating in 1939 with a degree in mathematics and geography.
Jeyasingham married Sarah Pushpam Mills. They had four sons and a daughter.

## Career

Jeyasingham joined Jaffna College as a teacher in 1940. He then won a Fulbright Scholarship to study at Clark University from where he received a MA degree in 1951 after producing a thesis titled The Kalutara District, with Special Reference to Settlements. He received a Phd from the university in 1958 after producing a thesis titled The Geography of Jaffna Town.
Jeyasingham then returned to Jaffna College, serving as head of the social services department and president of the college (1965–74).
Jeyasingham was later an associate professor and head of the department of geography at the University of Jaffna. He was dean of the Faculty of Arts at the university from December 1978 to January 1979.

## Later life

Jeyasingham moved to the United States in 1984. He died in December 1989, aged 73.
# George Butt (politician)

George Medd Butt (1797 – 11 November 1860) was a British Conservative politician.
Butt was first elected Conservative MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis at the 1852 general election, and held the seat until 1857 when he was defeated.
# Fritz Glahn

Fritz Glahn (5 March 1899 – 29 September 1977) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and former member of the German Bundestag.

## Life

Since 1952, Glahn was a member of the district council of the Palatinate. From 1955 to 1957 he was a member of the Rhineland-Palatinate state parliament and at the same time chairman of the FDP faction there. Glahn was a member of the German Bundestag from 1957 to 2 November 1959.

## Literature

Herbst, Ludolf; Jahn, Bruno (2002). Vierhaus, Rudolf (ed.). Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages. 1949–2002 [Biographical Handbook of the Members of the German Bundestag. 1949–2002] (in German). München: De Gruyter - De Gruyter Saur. p. 1715. ISBN 978-3-11-184511-1.
# Clary, Nord

Clary (French pronunciation:) is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Clary | The arms of Clary are blazoned : Azure, 7 bezants (3,3,1) and a chief Or. (Clary and Illies use the same arms.) |

## World War I

The commune was liberated from German occupation by 5th/6th Battalion, Scottish Rifles, on 9 October 1918. The Place de la Mairie was renamed Place des Ecossais in their honour. When King George V visited Clary in November 1918, the same battalion was drawn up in the place to welcome him. Among those liberated was a British soldier who had been in hiding since the Battle of Le Cateau in August 1914.
# Abiathar Crescas

Abiathar Crescas (Aragonese:, Catalan pronunciation:) was a 15th-century physician and astrologer from the Crown of Aragon (now part of Spain). He was head astrologer to King John II of Aragon, father of King Ferdinand of Aragon.
He could remove cataracts by a surgical procedure known as couching. In 1468 he restored the eyesight of King John in two simple operations, who was completely blind before the surgeries.
Crescas was a leader of Aragon's Jewish community.
# Vuosjärvi

Vuosjärvi is a medium-sized lake of Finland in northern Central Finland, Kannonkoski and Viitasaari. The water flows from Lake Kivijärvi through Hilmo Power Station and the water continues to the Huopanankoski rapids. Near the power station there are Hilmonjoki rapids, too. The lake is quite shallow and good for fishing lake forells and zanders.
# Charlie York

Charles Henry York (27 March 1883 – 1955) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a forward for various clubs in Scotland and England, including Derby County, with whom he was on the losing side in the 1903 FA Cup Final, Sunderland and Southampton.
# Participatory ergonomics

Industrial ergonomics programs seek to identify and correct factors that negatively impact the physical health of their workers. Participatory ergonomics programs seek to maximize the involvement of the workers in this process based on the simple fact that a worker is an expert on his or her job. The participatory approach to ergonomics relies on actively involving workers in implementing ergonomic knowledge, procedures and changes with the intention of improving working conditions, safety, productivity, quality, morale and/or comfort.

## Implementing a participatory ergonomics program in the workplace

In order to determine if an ergonomics team/committee is right for a workplace, five factors need to be considered.

### Resources and Support

A successful participatory ergonomics program requires initial and continuing resources and support from the top levels of management within the organization. The resources required include:
* time for the program to develop
* time to develop and implement solutions
* financial resources to make meaningful changes in the workplace
* management support for the individuals on the ergonomics team.

### Ergo Team formation

The ergonomics committee should be composed of people with the right mix of skills including technical or engineering knowledge, worker knowledge and input from an ergonomics expert. Successful, sustainable participatory ergonomics programs have an individual on the committee who takes on a leadership or "ergonomics champion" role.

### Training needs

Training principles and methods are central to the success of the participatory ergonomics process. Three major aspects of training should be considered early in the process of implementing a participatory ergonomics program. Initial training in ergonomics for committee members should include ergonomics concepts and tools. Training on topics such as meeting and project management may be beneficial, depending on the past experience of committee members with committee work and implementing change. Additionally, it is important for the workforce as a whole to gain an understanding of ergonomics to improve their support for the participatory ergonomics process.

### Workplace organization factors

The research literature contains limited discussion of the effect of the organization’s characteristics (culture) on the success of a participatory ergonomics intervention. The organizational climate and the timing of the introduction of the program can affect the outcome. Integrating the participatory ergonomics program into existing health and safety programs can increase the chances of success.

### Involving the workforce in ergonomics

The ergonomics committee needs to respond to expectations about the ergonomics program. It is imperative to gain support or "buy in" from the workforce as most will not be directly involved with the ergonomics committee. The ergonomics program needs to be visible within the organization; this can be accomplished by ensuring that there is a focused effort to communicate with the workforce and by involving key stakeholders in all changes that are investigated and implemented.
# Pope Paul VI College

Pope Paul VI College is a band 1B Roman Catholic girls' secondary school in Hong Kong. The school was founded by Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate in 1969. It is an English medium of instruction school. It is a well-known district girls’ school.

## History

In 1967, Lorenzo Bianchi, then-Roman Catholic bishop of Hong Kong, invited the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate (PIME Sisters) to establish a girls' secondary school in the Tsuen Wan area, which the Hong Kong government was developing into a new town.
Construction of the school building, beside the Shek Lei Resettlement Estate, began in July 1969. Classes began in September 1969 at the Shek Lei Catholic Primary School. The school moved to the permanent school building in August 1970, which was formally inaugurated by Director of Education John Canning on 24 May 1970.
A golden jubilee celebration was held in 2019.

## Faculty

During the 2019–20 school year, the school employed 55 teachers. The current principal is Genthew Leung.
# George Butt

George Butt may refer to:
* George Butt (priest)
* George Butt (politician)
# Center Township, Posey County, Indiana

Center Township is one of ten townships in Posey County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,479.

## History

Center Township was established in 1859. The township was so named on account of its location being near the geographical center of Posey County.

## Adjacent townships

* Posey County
** Harmony Township
** Lynn Township
** Robb Township
** Robinson Township
** Smith Township

## Unincorporated places

* Hepburn
* Oliver
* Wadesville
# Clarus (disambiguation)

Clarus may refer to:
* A common Ancient Roman cognomen
* Claros or Klaros, a cult center in ancient Greece
* Giulio Claro (1525–1575), an Italian jurist
* Clarus the dogcow, an Apple Computer icon
* Saint Clarus, an English missionary martyred in about 894 at Livery Dole near the River Epte, Normandy
* Clair of Nantes, or Clarus, a 3rd century bishop of Nantes, France
# Aberdeenshire and District Football Association

Founded in April 1887, the Aberdeenshire and District Football Association is an affiliated local association of the Scottish Football Association. Member clubs are drawn from the historic counties of Aberdeenshire, Banffshire and Kincardineshire.

## Competitions

The association organises the annual Aberdeenshire Cup, Aberdeenshire Shield and Aberdeenshire League competitions.

## Member clubs
### Scottish Professional Football League

* Aberdeen
* Cove Rangers
* Elgin City
* Peterhead

### Highland Football League

* Banks o' Dee
* Buckie Thistle
* Deveronvale
* Formartine United
* Fraserburgh
* Huntly
* Inverurie Loco Works
* Keith
* Turriff United

### SJFA North Region

* Aberdeen University
* Dyce
* Hermes
* Stonehaven
# Packington Hall

Packington Hall is a 17th-century mansion situated at Great Packington, near Meriden in Warwickshire, England and is the seat of the Earl of Aylesford. It is a Grade II listed building.

## History

Packington Hall was built in 1693 for Sir Clement Fisher on whose death in 1729 the Packington estate passed to his daughter Mary Fisher, who married Heneage Finch, 2nd Earl of Aylesford.
The Park was designed by Capability Brown in 1751, who created a large serpentine lake called Hall Pool by joining up several old mill and fish ponds in front of the Hall.
The Hall was remodelled for the 3rd Earl of Aylesford by Matthew Brettingham from 1766, with the work continuing after Brettingham's death in 1769 under Henry Couchman. It was then extended and improved for the 4th Earl of Aylesford in Palladian style to designs by Italian architect Joseph Bonomi in 1772. The ceiling paintings were by John Francis Rigaud.
Stables were added to the Hall in the 1760s by the 3rd Earl of Aylesford, constructed by David Hiorne, to house horses and carriages. In 1787, the carriage turn outside the east of the Hall was levelled under the supervision of John Wedge. The Stables are Grade II listed buildings.
It was severely damaged by fire in 1979 but has since been fully restored. The renovations were kept as near as possible to the original design.
The main entrance to the grounds from the A45 road features a pair of wrought-iron gates which were presented to the Earl of Aylesford by his tenants in 1935.
The house is not generally open to the public but is available by arrangement for conferences and functions.
An earlier manor house (Packington Old Hall) and an 18th-century parish church St James' Church, Great Packington stand on the estate.

## Sources

* A History of the County of Warwick, Volume 4 (1947) from British History Online
* Historic England. "Grade II* (1116473)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 November 2007.
# Phryganodes antongilensis

Phryganodes antongilensis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Paul Mabille in 1900. It is found on Madagascar.
# Gulong Itlog Gulong

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Gulong Itlog Gulong (English translation: Roll Egg Roll) is the third studio album and fourth overall album of the Filipino alternative rock band Parokya ni Edgar, released in 1999 by Universal Records. The album received Platinum certification from the Philippine Association of the Record Industry, Inc. in September 24, 1999.

## Album credits

* Executive Producer: Bella Tan
* Recorded at: Pink House Studio by Jun Reyes
* Digitally Mastered at: Tracks Studios by Angee Rozul
* Album Concept by: Parokya ni Edgar
* Design & Art Direction: Graphic Axcess Inc
* Photography by: Allen Villalon Studios

## Awards and nominations

Awards and nominations :
| Year | Award Giving Body | Category | Nominated Work | Results |
| 2000 | 2000 NU Rock Awards | Album of the Year | Gulong Itlog Gulong | Included |
# Misia (disambiguation)

Misia may refer to:
* Misia (often stylized as MISIA) (born 1978), a Japanese R&B singer
* Mísia (1955–2024), a Portuguese fado singer
* Misia Sert (1872–1950), a Polish-French pianist and influential patron of the arts in Paris
* Misia Furtak, a singer and musician
* Misia Ff, Polish singer and bassist
# Parapoynx fluctuosalis

Parapoynx fluctuosalis or Fluctuating China-mark or Waved China-mark, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a widespread species, known from Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Guam, Hawaii, Fiji, Australia and the Galápagos Islands. It is also an introduced species in Europe, where it has been recorded from Great Britain, the Iberian Peninsula and Sardinia.
Adults are sexually dimorphic, with a variable colouration of the wings.

## Subspecies

* Parapoynx fluctuosalis fluctuosalis (Africa)
* Parapoynx fluctuosalis linealis Guenée, 1854 (Asia)
# Boknesstrand

Boknesstrand (or Boknes) is a small seaside town in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. It is close to Cannon Rocks, Kenton-on-Sea, Alexandria, Bushman's River Mouth and Port Alfred. It is part of the Ndlambe Local Municipality in the Sarah Baartman District of the Eastern Cape.
Village 19 km south-east of Alexandria, at the mouth of the Boknes River, from which it takes its name. Formerly called Jammerfontein. The name Boknes is derived from Khoekhoen and means ‘father’s river’. The forms Bocna, Bokana etc. are also encountered.
# PZI

PZI may refer to:
* Pacific Zen Institute, a Zen Buddhist practice center in Santa Rosa, California
* PZI, the IATA code for Panzhihua Bao'anying Airport, Sichuan Province, China
# 2312 Duboshin

2312 Duboshin, provisional designation 1976 GU$_2$, is a dark Hildian asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 54 kilometers (34 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 April 1976, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. It was named after Russian astronomer Georgij Duboshin. The D-type asteroid has a longer than average rotation period of 50.78 hours.

## Orbit and classification

Duboshin is an asteroids of the dynamical Hilda group which stay in a 3:2 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is, however, not a member of the collisional Hilda family but a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.
It orbits the Sun in the outermost asteroid belt at a distance of 3.3–4.6 AU once every 7 years and 11 months (2,880 days; semi-major axis of 3.96 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as 1943 DH at Turku Observatory in February 1943, where the body's observation arc begins on the same day with a precovery.

## Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Duboshin is a dark D-type asteroid. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) also characterized it as a D-type.

### Rotation period

In April 2016, a rotational lightcurve of Duboshin was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (U81) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a long rotation period of 50.78 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude, indicative for a nearly spherical shape (U=2+). While not being a slow rotator, it has a notably longer period than that seen for most other asteroids, which rotate every 2 to 20 hours once around their axis.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Duboshin measures between 50.122 and 58.53 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.044 and 0.06.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0496 and a diameter of 54.94 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.18.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Russian astronomer Georgij Nikolaevich Duboshin (1904–1986), expert on celestial mechanics, author of several textbooks, and former president of IAU's Commission 7, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy in the early 1970s. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 December 1982 (M.P.C. 7471).
# Mirubactin

Mirubactin is a siderophore produced by the bacterium Actinosynnema mirum. A. mirum was first isolated from the Raritan River in New Jersey in 1976, and its full genome sequence was published in 2009. In 2012, mirubactin was isolated and characterized, and the biosynthesis was connected with the gene cluster Amir_2714-Amir_2728, since renamed mrbA-mrbO.

## Biosynthesis

The largest gene in the mrbA-mrbO cluster, mrbJ, encodes a two-module nonribosomal peptide synthetase. Mirubactin assembly uses two nonproteinogenic units, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB) and δ-N-formyl-δ-N-hydroxyornithine (fhOrn). MrbC and MrbD work to activate and incorporate 2,3-DHB into the nonribosomal peptide synthesis. The 2,3-DHB is incorporated on both the N- and C- termini, and is attached to the δ-N-hydroxyl group of fhOrn to form a O-acyl-hydroxamic acid ester. At the start of the assembly, 2,3-DHB is activated by MrbC and subsequently passed to MrbD, where it is attached to the arginine in the first module by MrbJ. The second module of MrbJ incorporates fhOrn, which is generated by the tailoring enzymes Amir_5066 and Amir_1095. The second addition of 2,3-DHB is followed by a hydrolytic cleavage, releasing the siderophore.
# Parapoynx fusalis

Parapoynx fusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in India.
# Boko District

Boko is a district in the Pool Department of south-eastern Republic of the Congo. It has the same name as its capital, the town of Boko.
# Bulbophyllum intermedium

Bulbophyllum intermedium is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Rhodes Singers

The Rhodes Singers are a noted undergraduate choir from Rhodes College in Memphis, TN, specializing in smaller, unaccompanied chamber music works. They are directed by Dr. William Skoog.
The Rhodes Singers were established in 1937 as the concert choir for the college by music professor and composer Burnet C. Tuthill, who joined the college faculty in 1935. Tuthill, son of the architect of New York's Carnegie Hall, was a clarinetist who also founded the group that was to become the Memphis Symphony Orchestra. Professor Tuthill established the tradition of the annual choir tour throughout the United States; in 1976, his successor, Professor Tony Lee Garner ’65, led the inaugural international concert tour, bringing sacred music and southern spirituals to Romania in conjunction with Friendship Ambassadors. Professor Garner also created the MasterSingers Chorale in the early 1990s, bringing together alumni and community singers.
Dr. Tim Sharp followed Garner as conductor of Rhodes Singers and the MasterSingers Chorale in 2000. In 2001 Rhodes Singers toured in Italy and Switzerland and were the featured choir at the International Church Music Festival in Bern, Switzerland, directed by Sir David Willcocks. In 2002 the Rhodes Singers were featured with composer Morten Lauridsen in the performance of his "Les Chansons des Roses" with the composer in residence. In 2004 the Rhodes Singers, along with the Rhodes Mastersingers Chorale performed a program of Morten Lauridsen's works at Carnegie Hall in New York City. The concert featured Lauridsen's "Mid-Winter Songs," "Madrigali: Six "Firesongs" on Italian Renaissance Poems," "O Magnum Mysterium," "Les Chanson des Roses," and "Lux Aeterna," with Lauridsen accompanying the Singers on the "Dirait-on" movement of "Les Chanson des Roses." In the Spring of 2006 the Rhodes Singers took their music overseas once again, touring England and performing in such venues as Canterbury Cathedral, Arundel Cathedral, Winchester Cathedral, Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, St Catharine's College, Cambridge, and St. Paul's Cathedral in London. In the Fall of 2006 the Rhodes Singers returned to Carnegie Hall to perform the Carnegie Hall premiere of Morten Lauridsen's "Nocturnes" and "Lux Aeterna," again with the composer accompanying them at the piano for the "Nocturnes." The Rhodes Singers have several recordings to their credit, most recently recording "Christmas at St. Mary's Vol. V." In 2008, Sharp became Executive Director of the American Choral Directors Association, and was followed a year later by Dr. William Skoog.
Today, the Rhodes Singers perform many concerts annually, tour throughout the United States, and every three years tour internationally.
Rhodes Singers have established a tradition of choral excellence throughout the region. This choir of sixty singers focus on smaller choral works often from the unaccompanied choral tradition. Membership in Rhodes Singers is based upon an audition. One hour college credit is available each semester for performing in Rhodes Singers.
# Page program

Page program may refer to:
* United States House of Representatives Page
* United States Senate Page
* Canadian House of Commons Page Program
* Canadian Senate Page Program
# Confusion network

A confusion network (sometimes called a word confusion network or informally known as a sausage) is a natural language processing method that combines outputs from multiple automatic speech recognition or machine translation systems. Confusion networks are simple linear directed acyclic graphs with the property that each a path from the start node to the end node goes through all the other nodes. The set of words represented by edges between two nodes is called a confusion set. In machine translation, the defining characteristic of confusion networks is that they allow multiple ambiguous inputs, deferring committal translation decisions until later stages of processing. This approach is used in the open source machine translation software Moses and the proprietary translation API in IBM Bluemix Watson.