OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ville Vieille - Léopold

Ville Vieille - Léopold is an administrative region containing the oldest part of the city of Nancy.

## Location

The vieille ville (old town) is bordered by the porte de la Craffe in the north, and is crossed by the Grande-Rue from north to south. The quarter is adjacent to the nouveau centre-ville (new downtown). The northern end of place Stanislas marks its southern limit with that of the ville-neuve (new town).

## Composition

This neighborhood is composed of the old town, as well as the adjacent quarter in the direction of the cours Léopold. It contains the Pépinière park, and place de la Carrière.
The entire neighborhood is part of the Nancy historic sector and contains one of three locations registered as UNESCO world heritage sites.
Several very old roads of the old town let out on the cours Léopold, such as the rue du Haut-Bourgeois and the rue de la Monnaie. In 1778, the cours Léopold, a long square extended by place Carnot, was created on the site of the rampart ditches of the old town.

## Places and Events

* Place Carnot
* Cours Léopold
* Faculté de Droit de Nancy (Université de Nancy 2)
* Palais du Gouvernement
* Conservatoire régional de musique
In summer this neighborhood welcomes the foire attractive (The most well known of the Grand Est fairs), as well as the music festival "Nancy Jazz Pulsations"

## Notes and References

* ↑ "Nancy Old Town: the capital of the Dukes of Lorraine". French Moments. 28 November 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
* ↑ Nancy, Ville de. "La place Stanislas et l'ensemble UNESCO, patrimoine mondial de l'Humanité". Site Internet de la Ville de Nancy (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-05.
* ↑ Dictionnaire des rues de Nancy, Editions Jean-Marie Cuny - Jean de Cousance Editeur, 2001, ISBN 2-908141-07-8 P.148.
* ↑ "Grand Est - Loisirs. Nancy, championne de France des foires de centre-ville". www.estrepublicain.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-05.
* ↑ "Nancy Jazz Pulsations". www.nancyjazzpulsations.com (in French). Retrieved 2022-04-28.
# Millettia duchesnei

Millettia duchesnei is a large forest liana in the genus Millettia.
The rotenoids elliptol, 12-deoxo-12alpha-methoxyelliptone, 6-methoxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-oxo-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 12a-hydroxyelliptone and the flavanone eriodictyol can be isolated from the twigs of M. duchesnei.
# Coleophora lunensis

Coleophora lunensis is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Mongolia and the Lower Volga region of southern Russia.
Adults are on wing in August.
# Vincent Tshituka

Vincent Tshikaya Tshituka (born 10 September 1998) is a Congolese born South African rugby union player for the Sharks in United Rugby Championship. His regular position is flank.
# Vince Smith (boxer)

Ronald Vincent 'Vince' Smith is a male retired boxer who competed for England.

## Boxing career

Smith represented England and won a silver medal in the light-heavyweight (-81 Kg) division, at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
He was the National Champion in 1978 after winning the prestigious 1978 ABA light-heavyweight Championship, boxing for the Kyrle Hall ABC.
# Columbia Basin Trust

Columbia Basin Trust was created by the Columbia Basin Trust Act (British Columbia) in 1995 to benefit the region most adversely affected by the Columbia River Treaty (CRT), in the Canadian province of British Columbia.
The CRT, ratified by the United States and Canada in 1964, led to the construction of three storage dams in the Basin (the Duncan, Keenleyside and Mica dams) and one in Montana (Libby Dam). The purpose of these dams was flood control and power production in both countries. Most of the benefits of the CRT were enjoyed by areas outside the Basin while most of the negative effects were, and still are, felt by the Basin.
There was a lack of prior consultation with the people of the Basin, including the 2,300 residents who were displaced by flooding of their communities and farms. The people of the Basin came together in the early 1990s to press the Province for recognition of the injustice of this situation. Local governments in the Basin coordinated their efforts at the regional district and tribal council level under the Columbia River Treaty Committee, which first met in 1992.
The Committee, in partnership with elected officials from the region, negotiated with the Province. They had two objectives:
* The creation of a trust governed by a board of Basin residents.
* The allocation to the region of funds representing a fair share of the ongoing downstream benefits earned under the CRT, to be managed by the trust.
On both counts negotiations were successful and Columbia Basin Trust was formed. Columbia Basin Trust received a $295 million endowment by the Province.
* $250 million is committed to finance power project construction.
* As directed by Basin residents, $45 million is being reinvested for the benefit of Basin residents through short-term cash investments, business loans, real estate ownership, and venture capital projects.
* In addition, Columbia Basin Trust receives $2 million per year from 1996 to 2012.
The Province further committed to transfer $250 million to the Columbia Power Corporation (CPC), Columbia Basin Trust's Joint Venture Partner in power projects in the Basin. Fifty per cent of the net profits go to Columbia Basin Trust for the benefit of the people of the Basin. The income from the investments is being spent on social, economic and environmental benefits for the residents of the Basin.
The Arrow Lakes generating station, jointly owned by Columbia Power Corporation and Columbia Basin Trust, won one of three Blue Planet prizes presented by the International Hydropower Association in 2005 for "social, environmental and technical excellence."
# Liberty Township, Pennsylvania

Liberty Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:
* Liberty Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania
* Liberty Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, a former township annexed by Pittsburgh
* Liberty Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania
* Liberty Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania
* Liberty Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania
* Liberty Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania
* Liberty Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania
* Liberty Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
* Liberty Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania
# Fang Zhimin (opera)

Fang Zhimin is a Western-style Chinese opera by composer Meng Weidong [zh] to a libretto by Feng Baiming and Feng Bilie based on the life of communist martyr Fang Zhimin. It was premiered on 28 September 2015. The opera was the ninth opera commission for the Chinese National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA). The NCPA released a making-of DVD featuring the dress rehearsal to the production in 2017. A concert performance at the NCPA in Beijing in December 2015 was conducted by Lü Jia.
# Paul Mathiesen

Paul Mathiesen may refer to:
* Pål Mathiesen (born 1977, also known as Athera), Norwegian musician
* Paul Maitla (1913–1945, birth name Paul Mathiesen), Estonian military commander
# Carvery

A carvery is a pub or a restaurant where cooked meat is freshly sliced to order for customers, sometimes offering unlimited servings in a buffet style for a fixed price. The term is most commonly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada and Australia.

## Description

Carveries are often found in pubs and hotels, particularly at weekends, when they offer Sunday roasts to a large number of people. The meat is usually accompanied by potatoes, vegetables, stuffing, gravy and sauces.

## Examples

Carveries existed as early as 1956 in London, in two Lyons Corner Houses. One of the restaurants, in each of the Strand and the Tottenham Court Road Lyons, was a carvery. They provided a three-course meal with beverage, but all but the carvery items were served by a Nippy (waitress). Even the carvery table had an employee to help those having difficulty in the actual carving. The price at this time was five shillings.
In the 1970s and later, many more carveries appeared in London. One well-known carvery was situated in the Regent Palace Hotel. The restaurant there was on the ground floor, the Art Deco ceiling of which has been reassembled in the new Air W1 building.
Later they were operated by pub chains such as Harvester, Brewer's Fayre and Beefeater. The Toby Carvery brand took over many former Beefeater sites.
Fuzzy's Grub was a noted but short-lived carvery chain in London, founded in 2002 and voted "Best Traditional British Restaurant, but all but the carv in London" in Harden's 2007 guide before going out of business in 2008. Carvery food is now very popular and is now found in the whole of the UK.

### United States

Some restaurants in the US use the term or concept, and it is a staple at some buffets.
# Cosmic Philosophy

Cosmic Philosophy is the name Max Théon gave to the occult teachings given by his wife Alma Théon and himself. It is presented in the journal Cosmic Review, the six volumes of the Cosmic Tradition, and the Cosmic Movement they established in the first decade of the twentieth century.
Apart from the Théons themselves, important contributors to the Cosmic Philosophy material included Charles Barlet, Victor-Emile Michelet, M. J. Benharoche-Baralia, and Pascal Themanlys.
Elements of the Cosmic Philosophy can also be found in the teachings of The Mother of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, who, as Mirra Alfassa, was Théon's student in occultism, and involved in the Cosmic Movement. Some of Théon's terminology was also adopted by Sri Aurobindo.
The Cosmic Philosophy claims to be the original spiritual Tradition, and describes an occult cosmology that describes the various emanated planes of existence and cosmic cycles, including the sixth and the present, seventh, cycle, as well as describing the various occult powers of man.
# Pat Upton

Pat Upton may refer to:
* Pat Upton (politician) (1944–1999), Irish Labour Party politician
* Pat Upton (singer) (1940–2016), American singer
# Belvedere Heights, California

Belvedere Heights, California may refer to:
* Belvedere Heights, Riverside, California, a former unincorporated community, now part of the City Riverside
* Belvedere Heights, an early 20th-century subdivision near Indiana and First streets in what is now East Los Angeles, California
* Belvedere Heights, an early 20th-century subdivision near W. 21st St. and Western Av. in the Jefferson Park and Adams-Normandie neighborhoods of the City of Los Angeles
* A fictitious Chicano neighborhood of Los Angeles in Penny Dreadful: City of Angels
# Bagwe

The Bagwe people are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group that live mostly in Southeastern Uganda (particularly Samia-Bugwe County in Busia District) with a few scattered in Western Kenya. They are composed of several clans and their ancient economic activities include fishing (owunaabi) in Lake Victoria and other rivers, crop farming (owulimi), and animal farming (owutuki). They were recognised in the 1995 Ugandan Constitution as one of the 56 identified tribes of Uganda. At the time of the 2014 Census, 99,884 respondents identified as Bagwe.
The Bagwe speak Lugwe.

## Political setup

The political setup of Bagwe was loose and segmentary. They did not have chieftainships. Every village was under the jurisdiction of an elder called the Nalundiho who was also a rainmaker. He administered law and order and he was responsible for settlement of disputes and he was the most influential person in the village and his position was hereditary

## Marriage

Marriage has of recent changed but during the old times, if the parents of the boy and the girl were friendly, they could arrange the marriage without the boy and the girl being actively involved but cases of this nature were rare. The usual method was that the boy would seduce the girl first and the girl was not to show concrete response even though she was interested. Thereafter the boy would come with a spear and plant it in front of the hut of the girl's mother and if the girl had consented to marriage, she would remove the spear and take it inside the mother's hut. thereafter bride wealth negotiations would start. There was no fixed bride wealth for each girl one was charged according to their status. Upon payment of the bride wealth further arrangements were made to take the girl to her husband.
# Cattleya lueddemanniana

Cattleya lueddemanniana is a labiate Cattleya species of orchid. The diploid chromosome number of C. lueddemanniana has been determined as 2n = 40.
# Free (Anderson book)

Free: The Future of a Radical Price is the second book written by Chris Anderson, editor-in-chief of Wired magazine. The book was published on July 7, 2009, by Hyperion. Free is Anderson's follow-up to his book The Long Tail, published in 2006.

## Overview

Free follows a thread from the previous work. It examines the rise of pricing models which give products and services to customers for free, often as a strategy for attracting users and up-selling some of them to a premium level. That class of model has become widely referred to as "freemium" and has become very popular for a variety of digital products and services.

## Release

Free was released in the United States on July 7, 2009, though the night before, on his blog, Chris Anderson posted a browser readable version of the book and the unabridged audiobook version. Anderson generated controversy for plagiarizing content from the online encyclopedia Wikipedia in Free. Anderson responded to the claim on his The Long Tail blog, stating that there were disagreements between him and the publisher over accurate citation of Wikipedia due to the changing nature of its content, leading him to integrate footnotes into the text. Also on his blog, he took full responsibility for the mistakes and noted that the digital editions of Free were corrected. The notes and sources were later provided as a download on his blog.

## Reception

Despite the controversy, the $29.99 hard copy version of Free debuted at #12 on the New York Times Best Seller List. It was also available as a free download for a limited time, and 200,000 to 300,000 digital versions were downloaded in the first two weeks. The unabridged audiobook remains free, while the abridged version costs $7.49.
In a review in The New Yorker, Malcolm Gladwell roundly criticized the book's premise. Anderson responded online on his blog at Wired.com and on PBS's Charlie Rose show. The book was also reviewed in the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal.
# FreeX Moon

The FreeX Moon is a German single-place, paraglider that was designed and produced by FreeX of Egling in the mid-2000s. It is now out of production.

## Design and development

The Moon was designed as an intermediate glider. Like all FreeX wings it features internal diagonal bracing. The models are each named for their relative size.

## Variants
### Moon S

    Small-sized model for lighter pilots. Its 11.1 m (36.4 ft) span wing has a wing area of 23.8 m$^2$ (256 sq ft), 49 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.2:1. The pilot weight range is 40 to 70 kg (88 to 154 lb). The glider model is DHV 1-2 GH certified.

### Moon M

    Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its 11.8 m (38.7 ft) span wing has a wing area of 27.0 m$^2$ (291 sq ft), 49 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.2:1. The pilot weight range is 60 to 90 kg (132 to 198 lb). The glider model is DHV 1-2 GH certified.

### Moon L

    Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its 12.6 m (41.3 ft) span wing has a wing area of 30.4 m$^2$ (327 sq ft), 49 cells and the aspect ratio is 5.2:1. The pilot weight range is 80 to 110 kg (176 to 243 lb). The glider model is DHV 1-2 GH certified.

## Specifications (Moon M)

Data from Bertrand
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 11.8 m (38 ft 9 in)
* Wing area: 27.0 m$^2$ (291 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 5.2:1
Performance
* Maximum speed: 50 km/h (31 mph, 27 kn)
* Rate of sink: 1.1 m/s (220 ft/min)
# Free (Brad Johner album)

Free is the debut studio album by Canadian country music singer Brad Johner. It was released in Canada on February 11, 2003, by Royalty Records. "Hello", "Free", "Different", "The Farmer's Back" and "She Looks a Lot Like You" were released as singles.
The album was nominated for album of the year by the Canadian Country Music Association in 2003 and at the 2004 Juno Awards. It won the award for Outstanding Country Album at the 2003 Western Country Music Awards, and was named album of the year by the Saskatchewan Country Music Association.
Free was re-released in the United States by Infinity Records Nashville on November 16, 2004, shortly before the label folded. Although the packaging was the same, the U.S. version included six songs from the original Canadian release combined with six songs Johner wrote as a member of The Johner Brothers.

## Track listing
### Canadian release

* "Free" (James Grandy, Brad Johner) - 3:42
* "Hello" (B. Johner) - 3:34
* "Different" (Kent Blazy, Robbie Cheuvront, Blair Daly) - 3:42
* "When Heaven Opens Up" (B. Johner) - 3:29
* "She Looks a Lot Like You" (B. Johner) - 3:44
* "The Farmer's Back" (B. Johner) - 3:37
* "Until She Says Goodbye" (Steve Fox, B. Johner) - 4:22
* "Subject to Change" (Fox) - 2:53
* "Who Wouldn't Love You" (B. Johner, Rhea Johner) - 2:21
* "Rocket Science" (B. Johner) - 3:59
* "Go Back" (B. Johner) - 3:24
* "Next to You" (Patricia Conroy) - 3:35
* "Breathin' Air" (Conroy, Fox) - 3:21
* "The Last Saskatchewan Pirate" (Mike McCormick, Trever Strong, John Whytock, Steve Wood) - 3:48
* "That's What Little Kids Do" (John Hadley) - 2:26

### United States release

* "Free" (James Grandy, Brad Johner) - 3:41
* "Still in Love with You" (Johner) - 3:00
* "Maybe She'll Change Her Mind" (Johner) - 4:11
* "My Brother and Me" (Johner) - 3:46
* "See Jane Run" (Johner) - 4:13
* "The Farmer's Back" (Johner) - 3:35
* "Different" (Kent Blazy, Robbie Cheuvront, Blair Daly) - 3:40
* "She Moved" (Steve Fox, Cody Scaife) - 3:41
* "When Heaven Opens Up" (Johner) - 3:27
* "Hello" (Johner) - 3:32
* "She Looks a Lot Like You" (Johner) - 3:42
* "Head Over Heels" (Johner) - 3:37
# Delaware Compensation Commission

The Delaware Compensation Commission submits recommendations regarding the base salaries of judges, lawmakers and other top government officials to the Delaware General Assembly at four yearly intervals. The General Assembly subsequently accepts or rejects these recommendations.
The commission was created in 1984 by legislation signed by then Governor Pierre S. du Pont, IV. Since its creation, the commission has submitted six reports with salary recommendations to the General Assembly with the following outcomes:
* 1985 report—accepted 1 February 1985
* 1989 report—accepted 1 February 1989
* 1993 report—recommendations rejected; salary adjustment legislation passed by General Assembly in April 1993
* 1997 report—accepted 1 February 1997
* 2001 report—accepted 1 February 2001
* 2005 report—accepted 1 February 2005
# Denaturation (fissile materials)

Denaturation of fissile materials suitable for nuclear weapons is the process of transforming them into a form that is not suitable for weapons use and can not easily be reversely transformed. For uranium 235 this is straightforward, by mixing it with uranium 238, but for plutonium it is more difficult and/or less effective, because other plutonium isotopes are either also suitable for weapons or not available and impractical to produce, while mixing with a different element allows chemical separation.
The situation with uranium-233 is more complicated, as U-233 is difficult to store safely, which is both an advantage and a disadvantage. Decay of the associated uranium-232 produces thorium-228 with a radioactive half-life of 1.9 years and several short-lived daughter nuclides; these daughters include some very hard gamma-ray emitters like thallium-208 and lead-212. After approximately one year, the alpha activity of these decay products is several hundred curies per kilogram of U-233, and the penetrating gamma radiation is a thousand times greater than that from plutonium. Aged U-233 is thus radiologically self-protected from all but the most determined misuse.
# Cavalcade of Jazz

The Cavalcade of Jazz events were large outdoor jazz festivals held annually between 1945 and 1958 in Wrigley Field, Los Angeles, California, U.S. They were the first such large-scale events and were produced by an African American, Leon Hefflin, Sr.
Hefflin was an entrepreneur who had started promoting dances and concerts for Black residents of Los Angeles in the 1930s. The first Cavalcade of Jazz was held on September 23, 1945, and starred Count Basie, The Honey Drippers, Valaida Snow, Joe Turner, The Peters Sisters, Slim and Bam and other artists. Attendance was some 15,000.
Subsequent festivals were widely promoted across the city, with Hefflin's aim being to "cement" race relations. The Los Angeles Sentinel reported: "The Cavalcade of Jazz is a tremendous talent showcase. It is eagerly looked forward to by countless entertainment goers of all ages, colors and creeds." A wide range of musicians were involved, including Lionel Hampton (on multiple occasions), Louis Jordan, and Josephine Baker. The Cavalcade of Jazz events were the stepping stone to success for such stars as Toni Harper, Dinah Washington, Roy Milton, Frankie Laine and others. Hefflin also hosted annual beauty contests at the events.
Hefflin's last concert was held at the Shrine Auditorium on August 3, 1958, as part of the Central Avenue Jazz Scene. Between 1945 and 1958, the Cavalcade of Jazz showcased more than 125 artists, including Sam Cooke, Bo Rhambo and Band, Ray Charles, The Cookies, Ernie Freeman and his Band, Little Willie John, The Clark Kids and Sammy Davis Jr.
# French ship Africain

Five ships of the French Navy have borne the name Africain ("African"):

## List

* Africain (1701), a 44-gun ship of the line, hulked in Rochefort in 1723.
* Africain (1769), a 26-gun flûte, broken up in 1780.
* Africain (1795), a 1-gun flûte, of uncertain origin in service May to September 1795 at Pasjes
* Africain (1819), a paddle-wheel steam aviso, decommissioned in Saint Louis, Senegal, in 1827.
* Africain (1832), a paddle-wheel steam aviso, decommissioned in Saint Louis, Senegal, in 1838.
* Africain (1858), a paddle-wheel steam aviso, broken up in 1878.
* Arabe (1858), named Africain 1879–1881, last mentioned 1882.
# Castrillo de Villavega

Castrillo de Villavega is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 255 inhabitants.
# Demuth

Demuth or DeMuth may refer to:

## Places

* Demuth Museum, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania

## People

* Adrien Demuth (born 1991), French chess grandmaster
* Charles Demuth (1883–1935), American artist
* Christopher DeMuth (born 1946), American lawyer
* Dana DeMuth (born 1956), American baseball umpire
* Helene Demuth (1820–1890), Karl Marx's housekeeper
* Katherine Demuth, American linguist and academic
* Norman Demuth (1898–1968), English composer and music academic