OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Welch's method

Welch's method, named after Peter D. Welch, is an approach for spectral density estimation. It is used in physics, engineering, and applied mathematics for estimating the power of a signal at different frequencies. The method is based on the concept of using periodogram spectrum estimates, which are the result of converting a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. Welch's method is an improvement on the standard periodogram spectrum estimating method and on Bartlett's method, in that it reduces noise in the estimated power spectra in exchange for reducing the frequency resolution. Due to the noise caused by imperfect and finite data, the noise reduction from Welch's method is often desired.

## Definition and procedure

The Welch method is based on Bartlett's method and differs in two ways:
* The signal is split up into overlapping segments: the original data segment is split up into L data segments of length M, overlapping by D points.
** If D = M / 2, the overlap is said to be 50%
** If D = 0, the overlap is said to be 0%. This is the same situation as in the Bartlett's method.
* The overlapping segments are then windowed: After the data is split up into overlapping segments, the individual L data segments have a window applied to them (in the time domain).
** Most window functions afford more influence to the data at the center of the set than to data at the edges, which represents a loss of information. To mitigate that loss, the individual data sets are commonly overlapped in time (as in the above step).
** The windowing of the segments is what makes the Welch method a "modified" periodogram.
After doing the above, the periodogram is calculated by computing the discrete Fourier transform, and then computing the squared magnitude of the result, yielding power spectrum estimates for each segment. The individual spectrum estimates are then averaged, which reduces the variance of the individual power measurements. The end result is an array of power measurements vs. frequency "bin".

## Related approaches

Other overlapping windowed Fourier transforms include:
* Modified discrete cosine transform
* Short-time Fourier transform
# Deliathis nigrovittata

Deliathis nigrovittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1980. It is known from Mexico.
# Number Six

Number Six or No. 6 may refer to:

## Fictional characters

* Number Six (The Prisoner), the protagonist of the TV series The Prisoner
* Number Six (Battlestar Galactica), a Cylon model in the reimagined TV series Battlestar Galactica
* Number Six or Sayiaka Suzuki, a character from Pani Poni Dash!

## Music

* #6 or Shawn Crahan, American musician
* No.6 Records, a British independent record label
* No. 6 (album), 2011, by Patrik Isaksson
* No.6 Collaborations Project, a 2019 studio album by Ed Sheeran
* "Number Six" (song), a song and mini movie by Alice Nine
* "Number Six", a song by Karate from the album Unsolved

## Other uses

* 6, a number
* Number Six (film), a 1962 British film
* No. 6, a Japanese novel series by Atsuko Asano
* No. 6 (Violet, Green and Red), a 1951 painting by Mark Rothko
* No. 6 (Yellow, White, Blue over Yellow on Gray), a 1954 painting by Mark Rothko
* No 6 mine, an Israeli metal-cased anti-tank blast weapon
* "Number Six", a colloquialism for the Government of Gibraltar at 6 Convent Place
# Fressingfield Ward

The candidate information for the Fressingfield Ward in Mid-Suffolk, Suffolk, England.

## Councillors

| Election | Election | Member | Party |
| | 2011 | Marilyn Currna | Conservative |
| | 2015 | Lavnia Hadingham | Conservative |

## 2011 Results

| Candidate Name: | Party Name: | Votes: | % of Votes: |
| Currna, Marilyn | Conservative | 575 | 58.55 |
| Aalders-Dunthorne, Andrew | Liberal Democrat | 230 | 23.42 |
| Deeks, Garry | Labour | 177 | 18.02 |

## 2015 Results

The turnout of the election was 75.48%.
| Candidate Name: | Party Name: | Votes: | % of Votes: |
| Lavnia HADINGHAM | Conservative Party | 885 | 60.70 |
| Garry DEEKS | Labour | 304 | 20.85 |
| Andrew AALDERS-DUNTHORNE | Green | 269 | 18.45 |
# Fatehpur, Jamtara

Fatehpur is a village in Fatehpur CD block in the Jamtara Sadar subdivision of the Jamtara district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography
### Location

Fatehpur is located at 24°06′56″N 86°59′51″E﻿ / ﻿24.1155°N 86.9975°E﻿ / 24.1155; 86.9975.

### Overview

The map shows a large area, which is a plateau with low hills, except in the eastern portion where the Rajmahal hills intrude into this area and the Ramgarh hills are there. The south-western portion is just a rolling upland. The entire area is overwhelmingly rural with only small pockets of urbanisation.
Note: The full screen map is interesting. All places marked on the map are linked in the full screen map and one can easily move on to another page of his/her choice. Enlarge the full screen map to see what else is there – one gets railway connections, many more road connections and so on.

### Area

Fatehpur has an area of 448.69 hectares (1,108.7 acres).

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Fatehpur had a total population of 4,107, of which 2,111 (51%) were males and 1,996 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 606. The total number of literate persons in Fatehpur was 3,501 (73.61% of the population over 6 years).

## Civic administration
### Police station

There is a police station at Fatehpur.

### CD block HQ

Headquarters of Fatehpur CD block is at Fatehpur village.

## Education

Government High School Fatehpur is a hindi medium coeducational institution established in 1954. It has facilities for teaching in classes IX and X.
Saraswati Shishu Vidya Mandir is a coeducational institution established in 11 February 1990. It has facilities for teaching from class Shishu Pravesh to class 10th.
# Djedeida Airfield

Djedeida Airfield is an airfield in Tunisia, located approximately 10 km east-northeast of El Battan, and 30 km west of Tunis. The airfield was built prior to 1942 and used by the German Luftwaffe. It was raided by elements of the US 1st battalion of the 1st Armored Regiment on 25 November 1942, but the US forces were forced to withdraw due to lack of infantry support. It continued operations under the Germans until seized by the American II Corps on 8 May 1943. After being repaired by Army engineers, it was used by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force during the North African Campaign. Units known to be assigned to the facility were:
* 17th Bombardment Group, 23 June-1 November 1943, B-26 Marauder
* 319th Bombardment Group, 26 June-1 November 1943, B-26 Marauder
* 27th Fighter Squadron, (1st Fighter Group), 1–29 November 1943, P-38 Lightning
* 71st Fighter Squadron, (1st Fighter Group), 31 October-29 November 1943, P-38 Lightning
* 94th Fighter Squadron, (1st Fighter Group), 1–29 November 1943, P-38 Lightning
When the fighters moved out at the end of November, the airfield became a servicing depot of Air Technical Service Command until the end of January 1944 when the Americans left the area. Today in aerial imagery, the airfield looks almost like it did in 1943. The runway, although deteriorated, along with all of the taxiways and aircraft hardstands are very much in evidence. It is unclear what the current use of the facility is.
# Draganovtsi

Draganovtsi is a village in Gabrovo Municipality, in Gabrovo Province, in northern central Bulgaria with around 400 inhabitants.
# Gorgoglione

Gorgoglione (Lucano: Gruùglionë) is a town and comune in the province of Matera, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata.
# De Girolamo

De Girolamo is the name of several people:
* Danilo De Girolamo (1956–2012), Italian voice actor
* Diego De Girolamo (born 1995), professional footballer
* Nunzia De Girolamo (born 1975), Italian lawyer
* Scott, De Girolamo (born 1964), scientist and CEO of CGPC Solutions
# West Bengal Legal Service

West Bengal Legal Service (W.B.L.S.) is the legal service of the Indian State of West Bengal. It performs examinations of people with LL.B. degrees from recognized universities for positions to handle litigation and court cases for the Government of West Bengal.

## History

The service was created in 1996–97 by the Law Department, Government of West Bengal find quality legislative drafters to handle the public litigation and court cases for the government. On 16 March 2006, vide memo. no 310-L, West Bengal Legal Service Rule was published by order of the Governor.

## Recruitment

The recruitment to this Service is made on the basis of Competitive Examination conducted by Public Service Commission, West Bengal. The persons having LL.B. degree from a recognized university are eligible to appear for the examination of West Bengal Legal Service. The officers are included in the state cadre of Group-A service officers.

## Work and postings

The Legal Service Officers are usually appointed and start their career as "Law Officer". The officers of this service perform the main legal functions and take care of court and tribunal matters, including cases of the Supreme Court of India on behalf of the government. Legal Service officers work at different levels of various departments, directorates, boards, commissions, universities and districts of West Bengal. The state also depute some officers to the Government of India and related wings of central government as needed.
The Law officers of West Bengal may also be promoted at a later stage on a seniority basis, such as to Senior Law Officer (Ex-Officio Assistant Secretary), Special Law Officer (Ex-Officio Deputy Secretary) and Sr. Special Law Officer (Ex-Officio Joint Secretary).
# Fratrovci Ozaljski

Fratrovci Ozaljski is a village in Ozalj, Karlovac County, Croatia. It is situated 17 km from Karlovac. Before the signing of the Treaty of Trianon, it was part of Zagreb County.
# Dave Spence (cricketer)

David Victor Spence (born 8 January 1930) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Central Districts from 1955 to 1962.
Dave Spence played five matches for Central Districts in 1955–56, one in 1960–61, and five more in 1961–62. A middle-order batsman and leg-spin bowler, he took his best bowling figures of 5 for 38 in a victory over Wellington in the second match of the 1955–56 Plunket Shield season, then made his highest score of 61 in an innings victory over Otago in the next match 11 days later. At the time he was considered a potential Test player. However, after that season he played only six more first-class matches, in which he took five wickets.
Spence also played Hawke Cup cricket for Hawke's Bay from 1950 to 1953, and for Nelson from 1954 to 1967. He was the captain of the Nelson side that held the Hawke Cup during its record title run from 1958 to 1965, and he was named in the Hawke Cup Team of the Century in 2011. In 34 Hawke Cup challenge matches, he scored 1,574 runs at an average of 36.60, and took 110 wickets at an average of 15.42.
He now lives in Gosford, New South Wales. In January 2021, with the death of Doug Bowden, he became Central Districts' oldest surviving player.
# Ortygornis

Ortygornis is a genus of birds in the francolin group of the family Phasianidae.

## Taxonomy

The genus Ortygornis was introduced in 1852 by the German naturalist Ludwig Kaiser to accommodate a single species, the grey francolin, which is therefore the type species. The name combines the Ancient Greek ortux meaning "quail" with ornis meaning "bird".
The genus now contains three species, one found in Sub-Saharan Africa and two found South Asia (with one also being found in Iran). The species are:
Genus Ortygornis – Reichenbach, 1852 – three species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Crested francolin | Ortygornis sephaena (Smith, 1836) Five subspecies O. s. grantii (Hartlaub, 1866) O. s. rovuma (Gray, GR, 1867) - Kirk's francolin O. s. spilogaster (Salvadori, 1888) O. s. zambesiae (Mackworth-Praed, 1920) O. s. sephaena (Smith, A, 1836) | southern Africa. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Grey francolin | Ortygornis pondicerianus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) Three subspecies O. p. mecranensis (Zarudny & Härms, 1913) O. p. interpositus (Hartert, E, 1917) O. p. pondicerianus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) | India and Iran. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Swamp francolin | Ortygornis gularis (Temminck, 1815) | the Himalayas in northern India and Nepal. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | VU |
Of the three species, the crested francolin was formerly placed in its own monotypic genus, Dendroperdix, while the two Asian species were formerly placed in Francolinus. Phylogenetic analyses support these three species grouping together as a distinct clade.
# Djedino

Djedino is a village in the municipality of Živinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 736.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 716 | 97.3% |
| other/undeclared | 20 | 2.7% |
| Total | 736 | 100% |
# George Washington (name)

George Washington (1732–1799) was the commander-in-chief of Continental forces in the American Revolution and the first president of the United States.
Other persons with the same name include:
* George Washington (baseball) (1907–1985), American baseball player
* George Washington (inventor) (1871–1946), Belgium-born American inventor of an instant coffee process
** George Washington Jr. (1899–1966), his son, inventor of a photoengraving process for newspapers
* George Washington (Louisiana politician) (1830–?), African-American state legislator in the 1870s
* George Washington (Mississippi politician) (fl. 1874–1875), African-American state legislator
* George Washington (trombonist) (born 1907), American jazz trombonist
* George Washington (Washington pioneer) (1817–1905), African American pioneer, founder of Centralia, Washington
* George Augustine Washington (1815–1892), American tobacco planter, slaveholder, company director and politician
* George C. Washington (1789–1854), United States Congressman from Maryland
* George Dewey Washington (1898–1954), American singer
* George Steptoe Washington (1771–1809), planter, militia officer and nephew of the first President
* George Thomas Washington (1908–1971), judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
* George T. Washington (Liberia) (born 1928), Liberian political figure
* George Washington (sprinter), winner of the 1982 NCAA Division I outdoor 4 × 400 meter relay championship
# Lake Alatskivi

Lake Alatskivi is a lake of Estonia.
# De Gieser Wildeman

De Gieser Wildeman is a restaurant in Noordeloos, Netherlands. It is a fine dining restaurant that was awarded one Michelin star for the period 2006–present. The choice of name was inspired by two things: the River Giessen, flowing past the restaurant, and the Gieser Wildeman, a type of culinary pear and one of the favourite dishes of the head chef.
GaultMillau awarded the restaurant 15 out of 20 points.
Head chef of De Gieser Wildeman is René Tichelaar.
The restaurant is a member of Alliance Gastronomique Néerlandaise since 2010.
# Crime in Cape Verde

Petty theft and burglary are common in Cape Verde, especially in crowded areas, such as market places, festivals, and celebrations. Often the perpetrators of these crimes are gangs of street children. As of 2008, local police statistics reflect an increase in crime in Cape Verde, particularly in the cities of Praia and Mindelo.
As of 2008, muggings occur more often than previously, particularly at night and in more isolated areas, and occasionally violence is associated with them. Crime associated with drugs and drug-use is also on the rise. Due to lack of lighting in many public areas and periodic blackouts, the U.S. government has advised travelers to carry small flashlights, travel with others, keep vehicle doors and windows locked, avoid dark and isolated places, and be especially vigilant in the evenings.
Violent crime is also increasing in Cape Verde as of 2008. There were several murders and attempted murders between May 2007 and May 2008, mostly reported in the urban centers of Praia and Mindelo, although Sal and other islands have not been immune. Allegedly the US has been deporting criminals of Cape Verdean nationality back to their country of origin and gang warfare has begun between the deportees as they are rivals for local distribution and onward transport of illegal drugs coming principally from South America.
Cape Verde is known as a transit site of child trafficking and illicit drugs, such as cannabis and cocaine. Because of its strategic location between South America and Africa, and its proximity to Europe, cocaine is often smuggled through Cape Verde by South American and West African crime groups.
# Oru

ORU, Oru or Õru can refer to:
* Orbital replacement unit, used on the International Space Station
* Orbital replacement unit (HST), used on the Hubble Space Telescope
* Oral Roberts University, a university in south Tulsa, Oklahoma
* Orange & Rockland Utilities, a subsidiary of Consolidated Edison in New York
* Otago Rugby Union
* Oru, polite Japanese verb- see keigo
* Observational Results (Unsolicited), a message type of the Health Level 7 standard.
* Funda Oru (born 1985), Belgian politician
* Juan Mendoza Airport, with IATA code ORU

## Places in Estonia

* Oru, Kohtla-Järve, an exclave district of Kohtla-Järve
* Oru, Lääne County, village in Lääne-Nigula Parish, Lääne County
* Oru, Lääne-Viru County, village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County
* Oru, Harju County, village in Kose Parish, Harju County
* Õru, small borough in Valga Parish, Valga County
* Oru Palace, former presidential residence in Toila, Ida-Viru County
* Oru Parish, former municipality in Lääne County
* Õru Parish, former municipality in Valga County
# No Me Compares Con Nadie

No Me Compares Con Nadie (Don't compare me to anyone) is the eighth album by Colombian singer-songwriter Silvestre Dangond and the seventh and the last with the accordionist, Juancho De la Espriella, released by Sony Music on August 31, 2011. In November 25 at the same year, the album received Diamond certification in Colombia for the strong sales.
# Gorakh Nath Pandey

GorakhNath Pandey (Hindi - गोरखनाथ पाण्डेय ) (Born 25 April 1951) is an Indian politician, representing the Bharatiya Janta Party. He represented Bhadohi constituency in the 15th Lok Sabha on Bahujan Samaj Party Ticket. He was also MLA in 1996-2002 from Gyanpur Constituency On Bharatiya Janta Party . Currently he is a member of National Council BJP & UP BJP Working Committee . He was teacher before joining the politics.
# Genevieve Delves

Genevieve Delves (born 21 September 1978) is an Australian international lawn and indoor bowler.

## Bowls career

In 2019, she won the Australian National indoor title, which qualified her to represent Australia at the 2022 World Bowls Indoor Championships. The delay in representing Australia at the event was due to cancellations in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic
In 2023, Delves won a second pairs title at the Australian Open but missed out on selection for the 2023 World Bowls Championship. Later in October 2023, Delves won the Australian National Bowls Championships triples title with Kate Matthews and Natasha Van Eldik.
# Patania sabinusalis

Patania sabinusalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Australia, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (North Kivu, Equateur, Orientale), Kenya, the Seychelles, Somalia, Uganda, Zambia, Sri Lanka, India, Borneo, Java, Fiji, New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Taiwan and Japan.
The larvae feed on Boehmeria nivea, Urera hypselodendron, Triumfetta species, Cypholophus macrocephalus, Pipturus sp. and Musa textilis (Manila hemp).
# Philadelphia blunt ban

Philadelphia Bill No. 060345, colloquially known as the Philadelphia blunt ban, was an ordinance in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which banned the retail sale of cigarettes or cigars sold one or two at a time, rolling papers, flavored tobacco products, and drug consumption and packaging paraphernalia such as water pipes, roach clips, and bongs. It was an amendment to Chapter 9-600, the "Service Businesses" section, of the Philadelphia Code. It has since been overturned by court decree.

## Passage

The ban was the result of a campaign by Philadelphia police officer and community activist Jerry Rocks, Sr. Rocks's campaign, begun in October 2005, sought to restrict or prohibit convenience stores from selling the types of items eventually covered by the ordinance. Rocks targeted his campaign particularly at Sunoco and Wawa Food Markets.
Councilman Brian J. O'Neill sponsored the bill, introducing it into the Philadelphia City Council in May 2006. It was passed unanimously by the Council and signed into law by Philadelphia Mayor John F. Street on January 23, 2007, with immediate effect.

## Invalidation

In 2008, the Commonwealth Court held that the ban was partially preempted by the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, 35 Pa. Stat. Ann. §§ 780-101-780-144. On January 19, 2011, in Holt's Cigar Co. v. Solvibile, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania reversed the Commonwealth Court's decision in part, holding that the entirety of the ban was preempted by the Controlled Substance Act.
# Forrest's rock squirrel

Forrest's rock squirrel (Sciurotamias forresti) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to Sichuan and Yunnan in China, where it inhabits cliffs covered in shrubby vegetation at an altitude around 3,000 m (9,800 ft). Relatively little is known about Forrest's rock squirrel, but its behavior is assumed to resemble that of its more widespread relative, Père David's rock squirrel. In appearance, it largely resembles Père David's rock squirrel, but Forrest's rock squirrel is more ochraceous in colour and has a faint whitish line on the side.
# Estádio Engenheiro Alencar Araripe

Estádio Engenheiro Alencar Araripe or Arena Unimed Sicoob (for sponsorship reasons) is a stadium in Cariacica, Espírito Santo, Brazil. It has a capacity of 7,700 spectators. It is the home of Desportiva Ferroviária.

## 2014 World Cup

The stadium was used by the Australia national team to train before and during the 2014 World Cup.
# Black bronze

Black bronze can refer to:
* Hepatizon, also known as black Corinthian bronze
* Shakudō, a Japanese decorative billon
# Caecosphaeroma

Caecosphaeroma is a troglodytic isopod genus in the family Sphaeromatidae found in caves of NE and SW France. The genus was split off from Monolistra by Adrien Dollfus in 1896; in both genera, the female carries about 10 fertilized eggs in its external marsupium (brood pouch); they are white in Monolistra but bluish-green in Caecosphaeroma. C. burgundum is the most studied species.

## Description

They measure from 2–20 mm long. As cave dwellers, they have lost their vision, but remain sensitive to light, which they shun. They are capable of volvation (rolling themselves into a ball) to protect themselves, rest, or sleep. During copulation the male and female embrace takes the form of two concentric spheres.

## Development

Larva remain in the marsupium about 12 months, and the animals continue growing for several years, reaching a final length of 10–20 mm.

## Evolution

The marine ancestors of Caecosphaeroma are believed to have migrated up the course of rivers and adapted to a subterranean environment that was relatively stable; meanwhile the marine environment of their ancestors changed, so Caecosphaeroma continued to differentiate as a separate lineage.

## Volvation in C. burgundum

C. burgundum has evolved in ways to improve its ability to curl into a ball. The mandibular palps and antennae are able retract into two deep grooves of the face, and the posterior margin of pleotelson (the last body segment fused with the "tail") provides greater mechanical support for the head. Evolution of volvation is seen in other subterranean isopods, but only C. burgundum is able to roll up into a hermetic sphere without any outward projections, and thus "approaches perfection in volvation".