OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Edgerton (historian)

David Edgerton FBA (born 16 April 1959) is an English historian and educator. He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, and Imperial College London. After teaching the economics of science and technology and the history of science and technology at the University of Manchester, he became the founding director of the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine at Imperial College, London, and Hans Rausing Professor. He has held a Major Research Fellowship (2006–2009) from the Leverhulme Trust. In 2013, he led the move of the Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine to the Department of History of King's College London. Edgerton's books include Warfare State: Britain 1920–1970 (Cambridge, 2005) and The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900 (Profile, 2006). Edgerton was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 2021.

## Selected publications

David Edgerton has published articles and several books, including:
* The Rise and Fall of the British Nation: A Twentieth-Century History (2018) ISBN 978-1-8461-4775-3
* Britain's War Machine: Weapons, Resources and Experts in the Second World War (2011) ISBN 978-0-7139-9918-1
* Warfare State: Britain 1920–1970 (Cambridge, 2005); ISBN 978-0-521-67231-3
* The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900 (Profile, 2006) ISBN 978-1-86197-306-1
* Science, Technology and the British Industrial 'Decline' 1870–1970 (CUP, 1996) ISBN 978-0-521-57778-6
* England and the Aeroplane: An Essay on a Militant and Technological Nation (Science, Technology and Medicine in Modern History) (1991) ISBN 978-0-333-56921-4
# Calanus

Calanus is a genus of marine copepod in the family Calanidae (Order Calanoida). The genus was split in 1974, with some species being placed in a new genus, Neocalanus. The following species are recognised:
* Calanus aculeatus Brady, 1918
* Calanus agulhensis De Decker, Kaczmaruk & Marska, 1991
* Calanus chilensis Brodsky, 1959
* Calanus dorsalis (Rafinesque, 1817)
* Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991
* Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
* Calanus glacialis Jaschnov, 1955
* Calanus helgolandicus (Claus, 1863)
* Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer, 1838
* Calanus jashnovi Hulsemann, 1994
* Calanus marshallae Frost, 1974
* Calanus pacificus Brodsky, 1948
* Calanus propinquus Brady, 1883
* Calanus simillimus Giesbrecht, 1902
* Calanus sinicus Brodsky, 1962
* Calanus torticornis (Brady, 1918)
# CTFA

CTFA may refer to:
* Chinese Taipei Football Association, the governing body of football in the Republic of China (Taiwan)
* Chinese Taipei Film Archive, the former name of Taiwan Film and Audiovisual Institute in Taipei, Taiwan
* Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, the former name of Personal Care Products Council in Washington D.C., United States
# OKI FC Winds

OKI FC Winds was a women's football team which played in Division 1 of Japan's Nadeshiko League. The team was based in Honjō, Saitama Prefecture. It joined the league back in 1994. The club was disbanded in 1999.

## Results

| Season | Domestic League | Domestic League | Domestic League | Domestic League | National Cup | League Cup | League Note |
| Season | League | Level | Place | Tms. | National Cup | League Cup | League Note |
| 1992 | JLSL Challenge | 2 | 4th | 4 | DNQ | - | |
| 1993 | JLSL Challenge | 2 | 4th | 4 | DNQ | - | |
| 1994 | JLSL Challenge | 2 | 3rd | 3 | DNQ | - | |
| 1995 | JLSL Challenge | 2 | 1st | 3 | 1st Stage | - | Promoted for Div.1 |
| 1996 | L | 1 | 10th | 10 | 2nd Stage | Group League | 1st Stage : 10th / 2nd Stage : 10th |
| 1997 | L | 1 | 8th | 10 | Quarter-finals | Group League | 1st Stage : 8th / 2nd Stage : 8th |
| 1998 | L | 1 | 8th | 10 | 2nd Stage | Semi-finals | 1st Stage : 9th / 2nd Stage : 9th |
| 1999 | L | 1 | 4th | 10 | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals(3rd) | 1st Stage : 5th / 2nd Stage : 4th / Dissolved |

## Transition of team name

* OKI Lady Thunders : 1990 - 1995
* OKI FC Winds : 1996 – 1999
# Number Seventeen (design)

Number Seventeen was a Manhattan-based graphic design studio formed by Emily Oberman and Bonnie Siegler, in operation from 1993 to 2012. The studio specialized in graphics for print, film, and television media. Their clients included Saturday Night Live, Jane Magazine (among many others). They were also responsible for creating the iconic Will and Grace opening titles.
Before forming Number Seventeen, Oberman worked with Tibor Kalman at M&Co. Siegler was a design director at VH1.
Number Seventeen was featured in Eye magazine (No. 39, Vol. 10, Spring 2001) in an article by Steven Heller. In that article Siegler is quoted:
   “Everything is storytelling,” Siegler says, “and what we are always trying to do is communicate an idea, be it an abstract solution or a narrative one. Always inherent in the idea is an emotional component that we hope will work on a more subconscious level.”
# Assembly Hall, Warwick

Assembly Hall is a heritage-listed community hall at 8 Locke Street, Warwick, Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 August 1992, but its heritage listing is currently under review.
# Metrernis

Metrernis is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Metrernis ochrolina Meyrick, 1906
* Metrernis tencatei Diakonoff, 1957
# Eswatini for Positive Living

Eswatini for Positive Living (ESWAPOL) is a Swazi NGO that was formed in 2001 by Siphiwe Hlophe and four other HIV-positive women. ESWAPOL provides counselling and education, and seeks to improve the living conditions of people who are affected by or infected with HIV in the rural areas, many of whom are women. The organisation has over 1000 members, mostly women, and is highly active in e.g. challenging the policies of the Swazi government on its AIDS and Women's Rights policies.
It is a partner of the UK Charity Positive Women.

## Objectives of ESWAPOL

* To provide training and education in HIV/AIDS to rural communities
* To promote positive living and good nutrition to rural communities
* To provide services of counselling to the grieving families (affected)
* To establish income generating projects in rural communities
* To take care of the terminally ill patients in rural communities
* To take care of the orphans and vulnerable children
# Eaton Park, Florida

Eaton Park is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Florida, United States. Eaton Park is located on U.S. Route 98, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) southeast of Lakeland, and also serves as the southern terminus of Florida State Road 659. Eaton Park has a post office with ZIP code 33840.
# Ardozyga pyrrhica

Ardozyga pyrrhica is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan is about 11 mm (0.43 in). The forewings are reddish brown. The stigmata are obsolete, but there is a fine fuscous line on the apical half of the costa interrupted by several minute whitish-ochreous dots. A dark-fuscous apical spot gives off a fine line along the upper part of the termen. The hindwings are grey.
# Christ Crowned with Thorns (Annibale Carracci)

Christ Crowned with Thorns or Christ Mocked is a 1598–1600 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now at the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna.

## History

It is usually identified with a work mentioned by Giulio Mancini in his Considerazioni sulla pittura (1620), in which he refers to the artist painting a "Christ whipped and pulled by the hair for the chapels of the "manigoldi" in the manner of fra Bastiano [i.e. Sebastiano del Piombo]" as an angry riposte to comments from his patron Odoardo Farnese on the superiority of past painters over present ones. Odoardo then saw the work hanging on a wall of the Palazzo Farnese, mistook it for a work by Luciani and stated that it confirmed his previous assertion, to which Annibale immediately replied that the work's artist was by "the grace of God, [still] alive".
It is now attributed to Annibale Carracci, probably produced in Rome in 1598–1600, between his work on the Camerino Farnese and his starting work on the Galleria Farnese frescoes.
Like the rest of the Farnese collection, the work moved from Rome to Parma and finally to Naples. At the end of the 18th century, it passed to an English collector before going back on the market and being acquired by the Italian state for its present owner in 1951.

## Dating

This remains controversial.

## Gallery

* Anthony van Dyck, Italian Notebook, 1621–1627, British Museum. The sketch of Carracci's Christ Crowned with Thorns in at the top of the folio above the study of Titian's Christ Crowned with Thorns (Louvre)
* Print of Carracci's work by Sebastiano Vaiani, 1627
* Christ Crowned with Thorns (c. 1598–1600) by Annibale Carracci
* An early copy of the work by Andrea Sacchi (Prado)
# Eric Redman

Eric Redman may refer to:
* Eric Redman (businessman) (born 1948), American author and businessman
* Eric Redman (politician) (born 1946), Idaho state representative
# Violin Concerto (Riisager)

Violin Concerto in A minor, Op. 54 was written by Danish composer Knudåge Riisager in 1950–1951 for violinist Wandy Tworek [da], to whom it is dedicated. Tworek gave its first performance with conductor Nicolai Malko at a Thursday Concert on 11 October 1951. There is a second, revised, version of the concerto, which was performed for the first time by Kai Laursen [ru] at Gothenburg. The approximate duration is 23 minutes.

## Structure

The concerto has only two movements, a calm, meditative Tranquillo and a brilliant Vivo, the latter being in the sonata form.

## Recordings

* (1973.V) Kai Laursen [ru], Aarhus Symphony Orchestra, Aksel Wellejus [da] — (2009) DANACORD DACOCD 467-468
* (2017.VI) Ian van Rensburg, Aarhus Symphony Orchestra, Andreas Delfs — (2019) dacapo 8.226145
# Ornduffia umbricola

Ornduffia umbricola, also known as the lax marsh-flower, is a species of plant in the Menyanthaceae family of wetland plants that is endemic to Australia. There are two recognised varieties.

## Varieties

* Ornduffia umbricola var. umbricola (Aston) Tippery & Les
* Ornduffia umbricola var. beaugleholei (Aston) Tippery & Les

## Description

The species is a slender, tufted, perennial (occasionally annual) herb that grows up to 105 cm in height. The round leaves are 1–12 cm across. The yellow flowers are 11–31 mm in diameter with 4–6 (usually 5) lobes. The seed capsules are 5–11 mm long. The flowers and fruits appear mainly from November to April.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in western Victoria, south-eastern South Australia and Tasmania. It is found in semi-shaded sites on damp sandy or peaty soils, or in shallow freshwater wetlands, sometimes in water up to 45 cm deep.
# Ordinary good

An ordinary good is a microeconomic concept used in consumer theory. It is defined as a good which creates an increase in quantity demanded when the price for the good drops or conversely a decrease in quantity demanded if the price for the good increases, ceteris paribus. It is the opposite of a Giffen good.
Since the existence of Giffen goods outside the realm of economic theory is still contested, the pairing of Giffen goods with ordinary goods has gotten less traction in economics textbooks than the pairing normal good/inferior good used to distinguish responses to income changes. The usage of "ordinary good" is still useful since it allows a simple representation of price and income changes. A normal good is always ordinary, while an ordinary good can be normal, inferior or sticky.

## Distinction between income and price effects

| Income change | Income change | Income change | Price change | Price change | Price change |
| | Normal good | Inferior good | | Ordinary good | Giffen good |
| Income up | Consumption up | Consumption down | Price up | Consumption down | Consumption up |
| Income down | Consumption down | Consumption up | Price down | Consumption up | Consumption down |
# Orienta

Orienta may refer to:

## Places

* Orienta, Wisconsin
* Orienta, Oklahoma

## Things

* Orienta (album), 1959 exotica album by The Markko Polo Adventurers
* Orienta (ship), yacht owned by Edward R. Ladew
* Orienta (moth), subgenus in the family Oecophoridae
# Orient tricycle

The Orient tricycle was an early motorized tricycle (classified as a motorcycle under some definitions). It was manufactured by Charles H. Metz's Waltham Manufacturing Company in Waltham, Massachusetts and advertised in 1899 as a "motor cycle", the first use of the term in a published catalog.
Orient advertised that the single-person tricycle could be converted to a two-person four wheeled "autogo" in five minutes. A 1900 Orient appeared in The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at Guggenheim Museum in New York.

## Specifications

Specifications in infobox to the right are from Garson, and from Krens.
# Ortho Clinical Diagnostics

Ortho Clinical Diagnostics (now QuidelOrtho) is an in vitro diagnostics company that made products and diagnostic equipment for blood testing. Ortho served two primary industries in the medical field: clinical laboratories, by producing platforms and assays that test for a variety of diseases, conditions, and substances; and immunohematology, by providing the means to ensure blood transfusion recipients receive appropriate and compatible blood.
Johnson and Johnson acquired Eastman Kodak's Clinical Diagnostics Division in 1994 (to form Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics), which was then merged with Ortho Diagnostic Systems in 1997. QuidelOrtho's global corporate offices are in Raritan, New Jersey, while their global research and development center is in Rochester, New York.
In 2014, The Carlyle Group purchased the company from Johnson & Johnson for $4.15 billion. Ortho Clinical Diagnostics now operated as an independent company, up until its acquisition by Quidel Corporation for $6 billion, on May 27, 2022.

## History

1939: Ortho Products, Inc., is formed in Linden, New Jersey, as a division of Johnson & Johnson.
1944: Philip Levine, in the field of hematology, joins Ortho Products to continue his research into the mechanics of the Rh system in human blood.
1997: Ortho Diagnostics Systems and Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics merge and begin operating as Ortho Clinical Diagnostics.
2001: Ortho becomes the first diagnostic company to receive US FDA approval for automated random access hepatitis tests.
2006: Ortho launches the first FDA-licensed test to screen blood donations for exposure to Chagas disease.
2014: The Carlyle Group acquires Ortho Clinical Diagnostics for $4.15 billion.
2015: Ortho receives FDA clearance for its ORTHO VISION Analyzer, which automates the full range of immunohematology testing and helps improve the safety of blood transfusions by reducing laboratories' reliance on manual methods.
2017: FDA approves Ortho's HIV Combo test for the Vitros immunodiagnostic system. The test detects both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the p24 antigen, and enables detection of HIV-1 acute infection earlier than previous assays.
2021: Quidel announced it would acquire Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Holdings for $6 billion in cash and stock, increasing the range of COVID-19 antigen and antibody tests the business is able to offer.

## Business operations

Ortho produces in-vitro diagnostics equipment and associated assays and reagents, serving the clinical laboratories and immunohematology sectors of the medical field. Ortho sells its products in more than 125 countries and is targeting emerging markets for future growth.
# Orthenches similis

Orthenches similis is a moth of the family Plutellidae first described by Alfred Philpott in 1924. It is endemic to New Zealand.
# Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Play

Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Play:

## Winners
### 1950-1999

| Year | Writer(s) | Title |
| 1950 | Sidney Kingsley | Detective Story |
| 1953 | Frederick Knott | Dial M for Murder |
| 1955 | Agatha Christie | Witness for the Prosecution |
| 1962 | Frederick Knott | Write Me a Murder |
| 1971 | Anthony Shaffer | Sleuth |
| 1980 | Ira Levin | Deathtrap |
| 1981 | Paul Nathan | Ricochet |
| 1982 | Jerome Chodorov and Norman Panama | A Talent for Murder |
| 1986 | Rupert Holmes | The Mystery of Edwin Drood |
| 1990 | Larry Gelbart | City of Angels |
| 1991 | Rupert Holmes | Accomplice |
| 1998 | David Barr III | The Red Death |
| 1999 | John Pielmeier | Voices in the Dark |

### 2000-2012

| Year | Writer(s) | Title | Result |
| 2000 | Joe DiPietro | The Art of Murder | Winner |
| 2003 | Philip DePoy | Easy | Winner |
| 2005 | Neal Bell | Spatter Pattern (Or, How I Got Away With It) | Winner |
| 2006 | Gary Earl Ross | Matter of Intent | Winner |
| 2007 | Steven Dietz | Sherlock Holmes: The Final Adventure | Winner |
| 2008 | Joseph Goodrich | Panic | Winner |
| 2009 | Ifa Bayeza | The Ballad of Emmett Till | Winner |
| 2011 | Sam Bobrick | The Psychic | Winner |
| 2012 | Ken Ludwig | The Game's Afoot | Winner |
| 2012 | Jeffrey Hatcher | Sherlock Holmes and the Adventure of the Suicide Club | Shortlist |
# Orthotylus jordii

Orthotylus jordii is a bug species from the Miridae family that is endemic to Spain. It is under the subgenus Parapachylops subspecies.
# Eastern Dry Rocks

Eastern Dry Rocks is a coral reef located within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. It lies seven miles southeast of Key West and one mile east of Sand Key light within the Key West National Wildlife Refuge. This reef is within a Sanctuary Preservation Area (SPA).

## Composition

The Eastern Dry Rocks Reef includes rubble zones and long fingers of coral separated by deeper sand and coral canyons.

## Diving and snorkeling

The Eastern Dry Rocks reef is a popular spot for diving and/or snorkeling. It is also quite close to multiple other reefs including Sand Key and Rock Key, so it is common for divers and snorkelers to see multiple reefs on one outing.

## Marine life

One can find many different kinds of fish and other marine creatures at the reef. Common species include nurse and hammerhead sharks, brain coral, snook, stingray, cleaner shrimp, reef crab, octopus, lobster, moray eel, parrotfish, angelfish, sergeant major, barracuda, Florida horse conch, and queen conch. Many of the same species that can be found throughout the rest of the Keys are also found here, and even species from the greater Caribbean.
Other species of marine life have also been spotted at the reef, ranging from infrequently to even only a few times. Rarer species include permit, tarpon, spotted eagle ray, sea turtles, and the Atlantic Goliath grouper.
# Oskar Kummetz

Oskar Kummetz (21 July 1891 – 17 December 1980) was an admiral with the Kriegsmarine during World War II. He also served in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I. Kummetz was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions in the Battle of Drøbak Sound, during which his command, the Blücher, was hit in the superstructure by two 28 cm shells from Norwegian fortress Oscarsborg, 15 cm shells from Kopås fortress and 5.7 cm gunfire from Husvik fortress. From Kaholmen Blücher was hit by two torpedoes and she sank 84 metres below the sound.
Along with hundreds of other survivors, including Generalmajor Erwin Engelbrecht, Kummetz was detained by Norwegian guardsmen at a farm near Drøbak on 9 April, before the Germans arrived and they were abandoned by their captors.
His next command, the Admiral Hipper, unsuccessfully attacked a British convoy during the Battle of the Barents Sea, and the Hipper was damaged by British cruisers, while his escort, the Z16 Friedrich Eckoldt was sunk with all hands by HMS Sheffield (C24).
On 1 March 1944, Kummetz became the Commander-in-Chief of Naval High Command Baltic Sea in Kiel. On 16 September 1944 he was promoted to Generaladmiral. In the final months of the war, Kummetz was responsible for Operation Hannibal, the evacuation of German refugees and military personnel from Courland, East Prussia, West Prussia and Pomerania through the Baltic Sea.
Oskar Kummetz died on 17 December 1980 at the age of 89.

## Awards

* Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (30 June 1916) & 1st Class (27 September 1919)
* Honour Cross for Combatants (January 1935)
* Wehrmacht Long Service Award 1st to 4th Class (2 October 1936)
* Magyar Köztársasági Érdemrend (Commander of the Hungarian Order of Merit) (20 August 1938)
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (14 October 1939) & 1st Class (12 April 1940)
* Memel Medal (14 March 1940)
* High Seas Fleet Badge (5 February 1942)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 18 January 1941 as Konteradmiral and leader of the Kampfgruppe Oslo
# Néma (department)

Néma is a department of Hodh Ech Chargui Region in Mauritania.
# Paul Bidwell

Paul Thomas Bidwell OBE FSA (16 June 1949 – 5 November 2022) was a British archaeologist specialising in Roman Britain, Roman pottery, Hadrian's Wall and the Roman army in Britain.

## Biography

Bidwell was a graduate of the University of Exeter in 1971 where he studied law. Shortly after graduation, he worked as a site assistant for Exeter Museums Archaeological Field Unit on the legionary fortress of Exeter. By 1974, he was assistant director of the unit and published the excavations in 1979.
Bidwell moved to northern England in 1980 to excavate at the fort of Vindolanda on Hadrian's Wall. Following work on the Roman bridges of the Wall, he started working at Arbeia, South Shields Roman fort in 1983 for the Tyne and Wear Museums service where he remained until his retirement in 2013. At Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums, Bidwell recognised the importance of presenting the sites to their surrounding urban communities and was instrumental in the building of the replica gate (1988), barracks and commanding officer's house (2001) at Arbeia, South Shields Roman fort as well as a section of the Wall at Wallsend (1994) and replica Roman baths at Segedunum / Wallsend Roman fort (2000). In the 1980s and 1990s, Arbeia, South Shields became a training ground for archaeologists and the socially inclusive excavations he led were a forerunner to what is now called Community archaeology. This was recognised in the award of an OBE for services to heritage in the 2012 New Year Honours.
In addition to running the archaeology team, Bidwell made a significant contribution to museology, especially at Arbeia and he led the development for the new museum at Segedunum in the 1990s, opening in 2000.
The opportunity of developer-funded archaeology in the 1990s led to the creation of TWM Archaeology as a full-scale commercial contracting unit, whose activities supplemented the capital development projects and research at South Shields and Wallsend. In 2009, TWM Archaeology hosted the 21st International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Bidwell helped found the Arbeia Society in 1991 and to celebrate its 30th anniversary, some of his colleagues prepared a book of papers in his honour which was published shortly before his death in November 2022.
Bidwell was elected as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in March 1985.
Bidwell died on 5 November 2022, at the age of 73.

## Select publications

* Bidwell, P. T. 1979. The Legionary Bath-house and Basilica and Forum at Exeter, Exeter Archaeological Reports Vol. 1, Exeter
* Bidwell, P. T. 1985. The Roman Fort of Vindolanda at Chesterholm, Northumberland, HBM England Archaeological Report no. 1, London.
* Bidwell, P. T. and Holbrook, N. 1989. Hadrian's Wall bridges, English Heritage Archaeological Reports no. 9, London.
* Bidwell, P. T. and Speak, S.C. 1994. Excavations at South Shields Roman Fort, vol. 1, Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne with Tyne and Wear Museums
* Bidwell, P. T., Snape, M. and Croom, A. 1999. Hardknott Roman Fort, Cumbria: including an account of the excavations by the late Dorothy Charlesworth, CWAAS Research series no. 9, Kendal.