OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PDE8B

High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE8B gene.
# Garagos

Garagos may refer to:
* Garagos, Egypt, a village
* Garagos, a deity in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game
# Charles Frederick Huth

Charles Frederick Huth (1806–1895) was a British merchant banker, and art collector. He was a partner in Frederick Huth & Co, the bank founded by his father, Frederick Huth.

## Early life

Charles Frederick Huth was born on 7 November 1806 at Corunna, Spain.

## Career

Huth was an art collector, especially of British watercolours, including J. M. W. Turner, and his collection was sold at Christie's on 19 March 1904.

## Personal life

In 1836, Huth married Frances Caroline Marshall (1812–1901), the daughter of Sir Chapman Marshall and Anne Stansfield, and they lived at Tunbridge Wells, Kent, in later life.
They had ten children together:
* Frederick Huth (1837–1848)
* Alexander Huth (1838–1914)
* Ferdinand Marshall Huth (1840–1903)
* Caroline Anne Huth (1842–1911)
* Frederick Henry Huth (1844–1918)
* Fanny Gertrude Huth (1846–1915)
* Marian Huth (1847–1876)
* Octavia Huth (1849–1929), married her first cousin, Alfred Henry Huth (1850–1910), the bibliophile
* Percival Huth (1851–1913)
* Reginald Huth (1853–1926)
# Dikwididi

Dikwididi is a village in Kgatleng District of Botswana. It is located around 40 km east of Gaborone. The village has a primary school and the population was 225 in 2011 census.
# Pablo Antonio Cuadra

Pablo Antonio Cuadra (November 4, 1912 – January 2, 2002) was a Nicaraguan essayist, art and literary critic, playwright, graphic artist and one of the most famous poets of Nicaragua.

## Early life and career

Cuadra was born on November 4, 1912 in Managua but spent the majority of his life in Granada, even studying high school at Colegio Centro America. Cuadra or PAC was the son of Carlos Cuadra Pasos and Merceditas Cardenal. Cuadra is a first cousin of the writer Ernesto Cardenal.

## Marriage and family

Cuadra married Adilia Mercedes Bendaña Ramírez.

### Vanguardia movement

In 1931 Cuadra, along with José Coronel Urtecho, Joaquín Pasos, and other writers, founded the Vanguardia literary movement in Granada.

### Later career

Cuadra's Poemas nicaragüenses was published in 1934. He opposed the American intervention against Augusto César Sandino in the 1930s and broke with the Somoza dynasty in the 1940s.
In 1954 he became co-director of La Prensa newspaper alongside his cousin and partner, Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal. Chamorro was assassinated by Somoza supporters in 1978. Cuadra was briefly jailed in 1956 for his opposition to the Somoza's régime. In 1961 he became editor of the influential journal El Pez y La Serpiente (The Fish and the Serpent), which was highly influential in Latin America.
Cuadra became an outspoken advocate for Nicaragua's poor, embracing liberation theology and other intellectual currents which the Somoza government considered subversive. He later criticized the post-1979 Sandinista National Liberation Front régime for stifling the independence of Nicaragua's culture. For several years thereafter, he lived in self-imposed exile in Costa Rica and Texas.
In 1995 Cuadra was Honored with an honorary doctorate degree by Universidad Francisco Marroquín.

### Death

He died on January 2, 2002, in Managua, following a respiratory illness. Cuadra was buried on January 4 in Granada, where he spent the majority of his life.

## Awards

Cuadra won many literary honors, among them the Gabriela Mistral Inter-American Cultural Prize, awarded by the Organization of American States in 1991.

## Published works
### Poetry

* Poemas nicaragüenses (1934)
* Canto temporal (1943)
* Poemas con un crepúsculo a cuestas (1949)
* La tierra prometida (1952)
* El jaguar y la luna (1959)
* Poesía (1964)
* Cantos de Cifar (1971)
* Esos rostros que asoman en la multitud (1976)
* Siete árboles contra el atardecer (1980)

### Stories

* Agosto (1970, 1972)
* Vuelva, Güegüense (1970)
* Cuentos escogidos (1999)

### Essays

* Hacia la cruz del sur (1936)
* Promisión de México y otros ensayos (1945)
* Entre la cruz y la espada (1946)
* Torres de Dios (1958, 1985)
* El nicaragüense (1967)
* Otro rapto de Europa (1976)
* Aventura literaria del mestizaje (1987)

### Theater

* La Cegua (1950)
* Por los caminos van los campesinos (1957)
* El coro y la máscara (1991)
# Paas

Paas may refer to:

## People with the surname

* David Paas (born 1971), Belgian football player
* John Paas, also spelled John Pass (engraver)
* René Paas (born 1966), Dutch politician

## Places

* Paas, Java (nl), village in Pameungpeuk, Indonesia

## Other

* Paas (dye), brand of Easter egg dye
* Payments as a service
* Platform as a service, cloud computing service
# Paasaal language

Paasaal, or Pasaale Sisaala (Southern Sisaala) is a Gur language of Ghana, with a thousand speakers in Ivory Coast. The two dialects, Gilbagala and Pasaali, are part of a dialect continuum that continues on into Sisaala.
# Paasche

Paasche is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eystein Paasche (1932–2016), Norwegian botanist
* Fredrik Paasche (1886–1943), Norwegian educator and author
* Hans Paasche (1881–1920), German politician, pacifist, ethnologist, and writer; son of Hermann
* Hermann Paasche (1851–1925), German statistician and economist
* Johan Henrik Paasche Thorne (1843–1920), Norwegian businessperson and politician
* Øystein Paasche (born 1963), Norwegian musician and drummer
# Dil Ki Rani

Dil Ki Rani (transl. Queen of Hearts) is a 1947 Hindi-language film produced by P V Banker. The film is directed by Mohan Sinha. The film stars Raj Kapoor and Madhubala in lead roles along with Shyam Sunder, Badri Prasad and Munshi Khanjar. The film's music was composed by Sachin Dev Burman. The film was based on a story written by Mohan Sinha.

## Plot

Madhav is a poet whose songs are played on the radio. He is called Madho by his best friend Banke. Rajkumari, a great admirer of Madhav's songs asks her father a news paper publisher to publish his poems in the newspaper to increase readership of their newspaper. Soon she finds out Madhav and falls in love with him. On the day on which Rajkumari's father Thakur Sangram Singh comes to meet Madhav, an accident occurs and Rajkumari's sari gets burnt. It was in this occasion that Rajkumaris father enters the room and mistakes Banke for Madhav. He becomes very fond of Banke. Thakur finds many reasons to like Banke over Madhav, but fails to convince Rajkumari. Later Thakur accepts Rajkumari's wish in front of her with inner motives to separate the Madhav and Rajkumari. Together with the help of his assistant Munshi, Thakur tries different methods to separate them but fails miserably. Later Banke convinces Madhav to leave his lover for him for which Madhav agrees and acts insane in front of her.

## Cast

* Raj Kapoor as Madhav
* Madhubala as Rajkumari Singh
* Shyam Sunder as Banke Bihari
* Badri Prasad as Thakur Sangram Singh
* Munshi Khanjar as Munshiji
* Altaf as Mohini

## Soundtrack

* "O Duniya Ke Rahne Valo Bolo Kahan Gaya Chitchor (Part 1)" - Raj Kapoor
* "O Duniya Ke Rahne Valo Bolo Kahan Gaya Chitchor (Part 2)" - Geeta Dutt, Shyam Sundar
* “Mohabbat Ki Khana Kabhi Na Mittai” - Shyam Sundar
* “Aaha More Mohan Ne Mujhko Bulaaya” -Geeta Dutt
* “Aayenge Re Mere Man Ke Basaiyya Aayenge Re “ - Geeta Dutt
* “Bigadi Hui Takdeer Meri Aa Ke Bana De “-Geeta Dutt
* “Kyon Baalam Humse Rooth Gaye” - Geeta Dutt
* “Loot Liya Dil Chitchor Ne Chupke Se Aa Ke ” - Shyam Sundar
* “Sar Phod Phod Mar Jana”- Shyam Sundar

## Reception

Writing retrospectively, Upperstall stated that Dil Ki Rani was a "creaky, tacky and stilted film". It found the performances of Kapoor and Madhubala "laughable" and "amusing", and the songs only passable fares.
# Botričnica

Botričnica (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, in Eastern Slovenia. It lies north of the town of Šentjur. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.
The local church is dedicated to Mary of the Seven Sorrows and belongs to the Parish of Šentjur. It was built in 1736.
# Botria

Botria is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Botria clarinigra Chao & Liu, 1998
* Botria frontosa (Meigen, 1824)
* Botria japonica (Mesnil, 1957)
* Botria subalpina Villeneuve, 1910
# Padomju Jaunatne

Padomju Jaunatne (Soviet Youth) was a daily newspaper for young people published in Latvia between 1944 and 1993.

## History

Padomju Jaunatne was published by the Leninist Young Communist League of Latvia (LĻKJS), the branch of the all-Union Komsomol in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. It served as an organ of the LĻKJS until the organization's dissolution in 1991, but continued to be published under the new title Latvijas Jaunatne (Latvian Youth) until late 1993.
# Ganglong Township, Qinghai

Ganglong Township (Mandarin: 岗龙乡) is a township in Gadê County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Ganglong Township had a total population of 4,084: 2,241 males and 1,843 females: 1,112 aged under 14, 2,718 aged between 15 and 65 and 254 aged over 65.
# Pacifico Marcos

Pacífico Edralín Marcos (born January 30, 1919, date of death unknown) was a Filipino physician and known younger brother of former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos.

## Life

Dr. Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Mariano Rubio Marcos and Josefa Quetulio Edralin. Marcos, a graduate of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine and a member of the Mu Sigma Phi, was a President of the Philippine Medical Association. In 1971 he was appointed the first chair of the nine-member Philippine Medical Care Commission. This commission was tasked to provide medical insurance to poor Filipinos. The commission's program ran for almost a quarter of a century. He was chair for 12 years. In the 1970s, Marcos headed a defense fund which supported two Filipina nurses accused of killing 10 patients in the Ann Arbor Hospital Murders. He called their conviction a "miscarriage of justice".
He owned, controlled, or had interests in 50 corporations, including a large car dealership, a sugar mill called Consolidate Sugar Corporation, a real estate firm called Citizens Development Inc, and Philippine Seed Inc.
Marcos did not involve himself in politics, and distanced himself from his brother's regime when it grew unpopular during the 1980s. In a 1986 interview he said he was unaware of the extent of his brother's wealth. He did not join the Marcos family in Hawaii after the EDSA Revolution, and opted to stay in the Philippines in retirement.
In 1998 Marcos was the subject of a lawsuit over an under-collateralized behest loan in the amount of ₱60 million which his company, Bagumbayan Corp, received from the Development Bank of the Philippines. It was one of a series of lawsuits over behest loans given to associates of President Marcos. The case was finally dismissed in 2007 by the Supreme Court, which said there was no evidence that the loan was given simply because Pacifico Marcos was a "crony" of the former president.
His son, Mariano "Nonong" Marcos II, who became a provincial board member in Ilocos Norte, died on February 15, 2019.

## Death

By 2017, news reports indicated that Fortuna Marcos-Barba, the youngest of the Marcos siblings, was the only member of that generation still alive. Reports from the February 2019 death of Pacifico's son Mariano Marcos II also reported that Pacifico had predeceased Mariano II.
# Gauge function

In mathematics, gauge function may refer to
* the gauge as used in the definition of the Henstock-Kurzweil integral, also known as the gauge integral;
* in fractal geometry, a synonym for dimension function;
* in control theory and dynamical systems, a synonym for Lyapunov candidate function;
* in gauge theory, a synonym for gauge symmetry.
* a type of Minkowski functional
# Gauge symmetry (mathematics)

In mathematics, any Lagrangian system generally admits gauge symmetries, though it may happen that they are trivial. In theoretical physics, the notion of gauge symmetries depending on parameter functions is a cornerstone of contemporary field theory.
A gauge symmetry of a Lagrangian $L$ is defined as a differential operator on some vector bundle $E$ taking its values in the linear space of (variational or exact) symmetries of $L$. Therefore, a gauge symmetry of $L$ depends on sections of $E$ and their partial derivatives. For instance, this is the case of gauge symmetries in classical field theory. Yang–Mills gauge theory and gauge gravitation theory exemplify classical field theories with gauge symmetries.
Gauge symmetries possess the following two peculiarities.
* Being Lagrangian symmetries, gauge symmetries of a Lagrangian satisfy Noether's first theorem, but the corresponding conserved current $J^{\mu }$ takes a particular superpotential form $J^{\mu }=W^{\mu }+d_{\nu }U^{\nu \mu }$ where the first term $W^{\mu }$ vanishes on solutions of the Euler–Lagrange equations and the second one is a boundary term, where $U^{\nu \mu }$ is called a superpotential.
* In accordance with Noether's second theorem, there is one-to-one correspondence between the gauge symmetries of a Lagrangian and the Noether identities which the Euler–Lagrange operator satisfies. Consequently, gauge symmetries characterize the degeneracy of a Lagrangian system.
Note that, in quantum field theory, a generating functional may fail to be invariant under gauge transformations, and gauge symmetries are replaced with the BRST symmetries, depending on ghosts and acting both on fields and ghosts.
# Charles Heggie

Charles Winton Heggie (26 September 1862 – 15 July 1925) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, St Bernard's and the Scotland national team. He is one of just two players to have scored four goals in their only Scotland appearance.

## Career

Heggie began his career at Govan based club Ailsa FC before joining Rangers in 1882. At Rangers he initially played as a defender but moved to a forward position for much of the 1883–84 season and finished the season as the club's top scorer with 13 goals in 30 matches. In these early years of football, with the exception of the Scottish Cup, Rangers only contested friendly matches but Heggie helped Rangers reach the Cup semi-finals, scoring in a 5–1 win against Cambuslang in the quarter-finals.
The following season, he only played 7 times for Rangers, scoring 5 goals, but was a regular again in 1885–86 with 29 goals in 31 games. His only Scotland appearance was against Ireland on 20 March 1886 at Ballynafeigh Park, Belfast. Scotland won the match 7–2 and Heggie scored four of the Scotland goals. Heggie holds the distinction of being one of just two players in Scottish football history to have scored 4 goals in their only international cap; two years later William Dickson would repeat the feat, again against Ireland.
The Scottish Umpire and Cycling Mercury noted in October 1886 that:
   It is an open secret that the Rangers and C. Heggie, their crack centre are at loggerheads. It would not reflect credit on either party if we rehearsed the cause of this unfortunate breach, but the sooner it is satisfactorily bridged over the better for all concerned. The Rangers, from present appearances and performances, can't get on very well without Heggie, although they may imagine so and Heggie shows to most advantage when he is in harness. Come down from your stools both of you and don't spoil by your stiffneckedness a season that has opened auspiciously, and which under prudent management should end gloriously."
Unsurprisingly perhaps, the 1886–87 season proved to be his last at Rangers and he played 8 matches, scoring 3 times. After his spell with Rangers he moved to St. Bernard's in January 1887. This proved to be his final club; however he remained within football as a referee. Heggie later emigrated to Western Australia, where he died in 1925.
# Garcinia celebica

Garcinia celebica is an accepted name of a tree species in the family Clusiaceae. The Catalogue of Life lists no subspecies.

## Vernacular names

A number of descriptions of this (evidently variable) plant, notably in Indo-China by Pierre and others, relate to records under synonyms such as Garcinia benthamii and G. ferrea; the latter has been called rỏi mật (sometimes gỏi) in Vietnamese. The species name indicates an original description in the Celebes (Sulawesi) and it is found throughout Malesia, with local names (especially Borneo) including: Kalawet, Kandis, Kandis pulan, Manggis, Manggis hutan, Perda-perda and Sungkep.

## Description

Based on the above, the species is a tropical forest main canopy tree some 25–30 m high in Vietnam, or up to 36 m tall and 0.93 m dbh in Indonesia; trunks and stems can exude white to yellow latex. The leaves are approximately 130 x 60 mm.
Flowers are yellowish, approximately 12 mm.
Fruits are ovoid up to 45 mm: with 5-10 segments.
# Palicourea subalatoides

Palicourea subalatoides is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# Gatón de Campos

Gatón de Campos is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 40 inhabitants.
# PZInż 130

PZInż 130 was a prototype of Polish amphibious tank of the 1930s. Only a single prototype was built.

## Development

In the early 1930s Poland was briefly interested in the British tank and tankette designs. The Polish Army wanted to buy a number of Vickers-Carden-Loyd Light Amphibious Tanks, but the negotiations failed. However, Edward Habich of the Państwowe Zakłady Inżynieryjne was asked to prepare a similar amphibious tank design to test its feasibility.
The resulting PZInż 130 project was inspired by British design, but was entirely an independent idea. The basic structure, chassis and undercarriage were identical to those used by Habich in his PZInż 140, which eventually became the 4TP light tank. The prototype was delivered to the Polish Army on 2 October 1937. Extensively tested, during trials it covered over 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi) without a serious defect. However, by May 1939 it became apparent that the very idea of a light amphibious tank was obsolete and the Army decided not to order the PZInż 130. The prototype was stored in the Ursus Factory, where it was captured by the Germans during the invasion of Poland. Its later fate remains unknown.
# PZInż 703

PZInż 703 and its development versions PZInż 713 and PZInż 723 were a family of Polish trucks, lorries, buses and artillery trailers. Designed by a team at Państwowe Zakłady Inżynieryjne works, the series was to replace the ageing Polski Fiat 621 lorry in the service of the Polish Army. Serial production was to start in 1940, only a short pre-production series was completed before the invasion of Poland and the outbreak of World War II. After the war the original PZInż 703 served as the blueprint for the Star 20 truck, the first truck to be constructed by FSC Star.

## Variants

The PZInż 703 and its derivatives were to be available in several variants, depending on frame type, cab shape and engine. The PZInż works used their model numbers to identify the shape of the vehicle and two letter abbreviations to identify the engine and layout.

### PZInż 703

    Basic lorry model with engine in front of the cab. Available in BC and DC variants

### PZInż 713

    Shortened cab in cab over configuration; BC, DC and GC variants available

### PZInż 723

    Bus version, mostly identical to 713 except for the superstructure; BA, DA and GA variants available
# PZInż Zawrat

Zawrat (also known as PZInż. 153) was a Polish bus brand produced by the Państwowe Zakłady Inżynieryjne (PZInż) holding between 1936 and 1937 for the city of Warsaw. Only 18 buses were completed before the series was cancelled. The last Zawrat bus remained in service in Warsaw until 1949.
The bus was based on a license-built chassis of the Saurer 3CT1D bus designed by Swiss Saurer company and a six-cylinder Saurer BLD engine, also license-built in Poland. The license for the chassis was bought in 1932 and initially 70 Saurer 3CT1D buses were completed entirely of Swiss-made parts. Until 1934 additional 43 chassis were completed, partially of parts produced in Poland. Some of those were finished with bus bodies, others were converted to 5-tonne lorries for the Polish Army.
In 1936 the PZInż designed a new all-metal body for the Saurer 3CT1D and named the new bus "Zawrat" after the pass in Tatra Mountains. The bus had two doors and seats for 50 passengers. In line with other buses of pre-war construction, the rear doors were used for entry to the vehicle. However, unlike all previous wooden-built buses used or tested in Warsaw (such as Büssing 650 TU, Somua SIX or Chevrolet EFD FS 183) the Zawrat had a completely closed passenger cabin, without an open platform at the rear.
The first 12 buses were delivered to Warsaw in 1936 and on 13 July 1936 the first new "T" line started to operate them. By the end of the next year 6 additional buses were delivered, which allowed for creation or extension of five new bus lines.
While spacious, the type proved cumbersome to operate. The chassis proved too rigid, making turning in the narrow streets of downtown Warsaw a difficult task. Also the diesel engine proved too loud. Because of that already in 1938 the Zawrat buses were relegated to suburban service, where their disadvantages were less of a problem.
During World War II most of Warsaw's Zawrat buses were mobilised by the army and eventually destroyed. Some bodies of Zawrat still in Warsaw were converted in 1943 to makeshift tramway cars as the Germans stole much of the fleet of Warsaw Tramways. The last surviving Zawrat (body number 53) was returned to service after the war and served in the ruined city until 1949.