OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-2353

German submarine U-2353 was a Type XXIII U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 20 September 1944, and was laid down on 10 October 1944 at Deutsche Werft AG, Hamburg, as yard number 507. She was launched on 6 December 1944 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Jürgen Hillmann on 9 January 1945.

## Design

Like all Type XXIII U-boats, U-2353 had a displacement of 234 tonnes (230 long tons) when at the surface and 258 tonnes (254 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 34.68 m (113 ft 9 in) (o/a), a beam width of 3.02 m (9 ft 11 in) (o/a), and a draught depth of 3.66 m (12 ft). The submarine was powered by one MWM six-cylinder RS134S diesel engine providing 575–630 metric horsepower (423–463 kilowatts; 567–621 shaft horsepower), one AEG GU4463-8 double-acting electric motor providing 580 PS (430 kW; 570 shp), and one BBC silent running CCR188 electric motor providing 35 PS (26 kW; 35 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 9.7 knots (18.0 km/h; 11.2 mph) and a submerged speed of 12.5 knots (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) for 194 nautical miles (359 km; 223 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 2,600 nautical miles (4,800 km; 3,000 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-2353 was fitted with two 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes in the bow. She could carry two preloaded torpedoes. The complement was 14 – 18 men. This class of U-boat did not carry a deck gun.

## Service history

On 9 May 1945, U-2353 surrendered at Kristiansand, Norway. She was later transferred to Loch Ryan, Scotland on 29 May 1945.

## Post war service

The TNC allocated U-2353 to the Soviet Union. On 4 December 1945, she arrived in Libau, Latvia, as British N-class N31. On 13 February 1946, the Soviet Navy allocated her to the Baltic Fleet. She was renamed M-51 on 9 June 1949 then sent to the reserve fleet on 22 December 1950 as a training hulk. She was finally struck from the Soviet Navy on 17 March 1952, and broken up for scrap in 1963.
# Czeruchy railway station

Czeruchy railway station is a railway station at Pniewo-Czeruchy, Ciechanów, Masovian, Poland. It is served by Koleje Mazowieckie.
# List of California air districts

In 1947, the State of California enacted the Air Pollution Control Act that authorized the creation of Air Pollution Control Districts (APCD) or Air Quality Management Districts (AQMD) in every county of the State. California has 22 APCDs, 12 AQMDs and 1 Air Resources District for a total of 35 districts:
* Amador County APCD (all of Amador County)
* Antelope Valley AQMD (Northeast portion of Los Angeles County)
* Bay Area AQMD (Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, western portion of Solano, southern portion of Sonoma counties)
* Butte County AQMD (all of Butte County)
* Calaveras County APCD (all of Calaveras County)
* Colusa County APCD (all of Colusa County)
* Eastern Kern APCD (Eastern portion of Kern County)
* El Dorado County AQMD (all of El Dorado County)
* Feather River AQMD (all of Sutter and Yuba counties)
* Glenn County APCD (all of Glenn County)
* Great Basin Unified APCD (all of Alpine, Inyo, and Mono counties)
* Imperial County APCD (all of Imperial County)
* Lake County AQMD (all of Lake County)
* Lassen County APCD (all of Lassen County)
* Mariposa County APCD (all of Mariposa County)
* Mendocino County AQMD (all of Mendocino County)
* Modoc County APCD (all of Modoc County)
* Mojave Desert AQMD (Northern portion of San Bernardino County, eastern portion of Riverside County)
* Monterey Bay Air Resources District (all of Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz counties)
* North Coast Unified AQMD (all of Del Norte, Humboldt, Trinity counties)
* Northern Sierra AQMD (all of Nevada, Plumas, Sierra counties)
* Northern Sonoma County APCD (Northern portion of Sonoma County)
* Placer County APCD (all of Placer County)
* Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD (all of Sacramento County)
* San Diego County APCD (all of San Diego County)
* San Joaquin Valley APCD (all of Fresno, Kings, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tulare, and Valley air basin portions of Kern counties)
* San Luis Obispo County APCD (all of San Luis Obispo County)
* Santa Barbara County APCD (all of Santa Barbara County)
* Shasta County AQMD (all of Shasta County)
* Siskiyou County APCD (all of Siskiyou County)
* South Coast AQMD (Los Angeles County except for Antelope Valley AQMD, Orange County, western portion of San Bernardino and western portion of Riverside counties)
* Tehama County APCD (all of Tehama County)
* Tuolumne County APCD (all of Tuolumne County)
* Ventura County APCD (all of Ventura County)
* Yolo-Solano AQMD (all of Yolo and eastern portion of Solano counties)

## History

The California Air Pollution Control District Act of 1947 allowed 1 or more counties to form air pollution districts. The California Bay Area Pollution Control Act of 1955 created the Bay Area Air Pollution Control District. The California Mulford-Carrell Air Resources Act of 1967 resulted in the creation of 11 air basins.
# Grand Duke George of Russia

There have been several dynasts of Russian Imperial House whose name is George:
* Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (1863-1919), grandson of Nicholas I and son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia.
* Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia, younger brother of Nicholas II
* Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia, son of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia.
# Vladimir Denisov

Vladimir Denisov may refer to:
* Vladimir Denisov (ice hockey) (born 1984), Belarusian ice hockey player
* Vladimir Denisov (fencer) (born 1947), Russian Olympic fencer
# Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies

The Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies is a bimonthly medical journal covering research related to acupuncture, the meridian system (a concept in traditional Chinese medicine for which no evidence exists that supports its existence), and related treatments. It was established in 2008 and is published by Elsevier on behalf of the Medical Association of Pharmacopuncture Institute. The editors-in-chief are Pan Dong Ryu and Kwang-Sup Soh (Seoul National University). In an opinion piece for Forbes on journals about pseudoscience published by reputable publishers, Steven Salzberg listed this journal as one of the examples of a "fake medical journal", and his critique was repeated in an article written for Monthly Index of Medical Specialities exploring whether acupuncture was a medical sham or genuine treatment.
Research published by the journal was used as an object lesson by New Zealand consumer advocate Mark Hanna illustrating the problems with the lack of scientific veracity in studies of acupuncture:
   The existence of qi and meridians is not supported by any evidence, and when this practice was developed it was based more on philosophy than evidence. In that way, it's similar to extinct medical philosophies such as the "Western" medical philosophy of humorism.
   One aspect of acupuncture that I find illustrates quite well the fact that its development was not supported by evidence is that horses are said to have a gall bladder meridian. This gall bladder meridian has even been the subject of published papers in journals such as the "Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies". What's so odd about that, though? Horses don't have a gall bladder.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* CINAHL
* EMBASE
* Emerging Sources Citation Index
* Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
* Korea Citation Index
* Scopus
# 8th New Brunswick general election

8th New Brunswick general election may refer to:
* 1820 New Brunswick general election, the 8th general election to take place in the Colony of New Brunswick, for the 8th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly
* 1892 New Brunswick general election, the 28th overall general election for New Brunswick, for the 28th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, but considered the 8th general election for the Canadian province of New Brunswick
# Ewa Plonka

Ewa Płonka is a Polish-American operatic soprano.

## Biography

Born in Prudnik, Płonka graduated with honors from music schools in Poland including the Academy of Music in Poznań. She studied piano performance in Poland and Norway, as well as at Oklahoma City University and University of Utah, USA, where she received her doctoral degree in piano performance. Płonka studied voice simultaneously in Poland and the United States. She graduated from The Juilliard School with The Artist Diploma in Opera Studies in 2016.
Recent operatic roles have included Azucena from new production of Il Trovatore in Oper Frankfurt, Giovanna Seymour in new production of Anna Bolena in Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe, Maddalena from new production of Rigoletto in Oper Frankfurt and Mary from new production of Der Fliegende Hollander in Oper Frankfurt. She has also appeared with the Munich Radio Orchestra and the Nuremberg Symphony Orchestra. She made her first appearance at the Carnegie Hall in 2013. As of 2015–16,
Recently she appeared in Carnegie Hall in Stabat Mater by K. Szymanowski, Wesendonck Lieder by Wagner in Oulu Symphony/Norway and Symphony No. 3 by Mahler in Opera National Orchestra Montpellier. She has won several awards, including first prize at the New Jersey Association of Verismo Opera, the Deborah Voigt special prize at the International Marcello Giordani Singing Competition in 2014, The Gerda Lissner Foundation Vocal Competition in 2014.
# Neorion (ancient Greece)

A néôrion (in Ancient Greek, τὸ νεώριον tò néôrion) is a type of classical Greek commemorative monument designed to celebrate a naval victory. It is a long gallery in which a ship is displayed (hence the name), occasionally one of the enemy, in honour of the battle.
Neorion in Greek is also a term describing a port facility where ship construction and repair takes place (like the famous Neorion areas in Herakleion, Crete, built by the Venetians).

## Examples

* At the Sanctuary of the Great Gods at Samothrace.
* At the sanctuary of Apollo at Delos, a neorion contained the flagship of Antigonus II Gonatas which he offered to celebrate the victory at Kos against the Ptolemaics in 255 BC. This Neorion is believed to have been built on the site of a previous one.
# Peter Collett

Peter Collett may refer to:
* Peter Collett (judge) (1766–1836), Norwegian judge
* Peter Collett (writer) (1767–1823), Danish judge and writer
# Chukyo Gakuin University

Chukyo Gakuin University (中京学院大学, Chūkyō Gakuin daigaku) is a private university at Nakatsugawa, Gifu, Japan. The school was founded as a junior college in 1966 and became a four-year college in 1993.
# Will McCants

Will McCants (born 1975), also known as William Faizi McCants, is a scholar of militant Islamism. He is a fellow at the Center for Middle East Policy and director of the Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World at the Brookings Institution. An adjunct faculty member at Johns Hopkins University, he is a former senior advisor on violent extremism to the U.S. State Department's Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. Founder and co-editor of the website Jihadica, he is also a former research analyst for CNA, a non-profit organization that encompasses the Center for Naval Analyses and the Institute for Public Research.

## Career

Described by William Maclean, the security correspondent for Reuters, as "a leading scholar of militant Islamism", McCants is author of a 2011 book titled Founding Gods, Inventing Nations: Conquest and Culture Myths from Antiquity to Islam, based on his doctoral research at Princeton University.
McCants is co-editor of Jihadica.com, which The Economist described as "a respected website".

## Books

* McCants, William (2012). Founding gods, inventing nations: Conquest and culture myths from antiquity to Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15148-9. OCLC 757398573.
* McCants, William (2015). The ISIS apocalypse: The history, strategy, and doomsday vision of the Islamic State. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-08090-5. OCLC 904081714.
* McCants, William (2015). The believer: How an introvert with a passion for religion and soccer became Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the Islamic State. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. ISBN 978-0-8157-2859-7. OCLC 920465986.
* Hamid, Shadi; McCants, William, eds. (2017). Rethinking political Islam. New York, NY, United States of America: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-064919-7. OCLC 960276884.
# Eral

Eral is a town in the Tuticorin district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Eral had a population of 9284. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Eral has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 78%. In Eral, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Grand Duke Michael

Grand Duke Michael may refer to:
* Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (1878–1918), youngest son of Tsar Alexander III of Russia
* Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia (1861–1929), second son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaievich of Russia
* Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (1832–1909), fourth son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia
* Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia (1798–1849), fourth son of Tsar Paul I of Russia
* Franz Wilhelm Prinz von Preussen (born 1943), German businessman who due to marriage was styled Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia from 1976 to 1986
# Min-jae

Min-jae is a Korean unisex given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 27 hanja with the reading "min" and 20 hanja with the reading "jae" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names. Min-jae was the ninth-most-popular name for newborn boys in South Korea in 2009.
People with this name include:

## Entertainers

* Kim Min-jae (actor, born 1979), South Korean actor
* Kim Min-jae (actor, born 1996), South Korean actor

## Sportspeople

* Kim Min-jae (baseball) (born 1973), South Korean third base coach and former shortstop (Korea Baseball Organization)
* Jeon Min-jae (born 1977), South Korean Paralympic athlete
* Kim Min-jae (weightlifter) (born 1983), South Korean weightlifter
* Kang Min-jae (born 1985), South Korean racing driver
* Kim Min-jae (footballer) (born 1996), South Korean footballer
* Min-jae Kwak (born 2000), South Korean footballer

## Fictional characters

* Kang Min-jae, in 2004 South Korean television series My 19 Year Old Sister-in-Law
# Journal of Addiction Medicine

The Journal of Addiction Medicine is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering addiction medicine. It was established in 2007 and is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on behalf of the American Society of Addiction Medicine, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is Richard Saitz (Boston University), who assumed this position on January 1, 2015. The previous editor-in-chief was George Koob. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.406.
# Poleo Formation

The Poleo Formation is a geologic formation in northern New Mexico. Its stratigraphic position corresponds to the late Triassic epoch.

## Description

The Poleo Formation is a cliff-forming formation composed mostly of yellowish-gray fine to medium sandstone, but with up to 20% conglomerate. The sandstone shows cross bedding and cuspate ripples. It resembles the Shinarump Conglomerate, and the two formations can be difficult to distinguish where they are not separated by the Salitral Formation. However, the Poleo Formation is finer grained and shows other distinguishing lithological features. The lower contact with the Salitral Formation is sharp and scoured, while the upper contact with the Petrified Forest Formation is gradational. The Poleo Formation has an inverse thickness relationship with the Salitral that suggests the thick sections fill valleys cut into the Salitral.
The formation is exposed throughout the Chama Basin, the Nacimiento Mountains, and Jemez Mountains of New Mexico. It divides the lower and upper Chinle Group where present, but rapidly pinches out to the south, where the underlying Salitral Formation becomes indistinguishable from the overlying Petrified Forest Formation.
The Poleo Formation is at the same stratigraphic position as the Trujillo Formation of West Texas and eastern New Mexico, the Sonsela Member of the Petrified Forest Formation in west-central New Mexico and northeastern Arizona, and the Moss Back Member of southern Utah and southwestern Colorado. All are extensive sandstone sheets, but the Poleo Formation is distinguished by its great local thickness, grayish-yellow color, and lithology of micaceous litharenite and mixed-clast conglomerate.
* Poleo Formation (tan sandstone beds at top) resting on Salitral and Shinarump Formations. West of Abiquiu, New Mexico.
* Poleo Formation exposed in fault escarpment, Youngsville, New Mexico, USA

## Fossils

The formation is almost devoid of fossils, yielding only oxidized fragments of petrified wood and indeterminate vertebrate bone that are unusable for biostratigraphy.

## History of investigation

Huene described the unit in 1911, giving it the name "Poleo-top-sandstone" as the caprock of Mesa Montosa (which he knew as "Mesa Poleo"). During their petroleum survey in 1946, Wood and Northrop formally named it the Poleo sandstone lentil of the Chinle Formation. Lucas and Hunt renamed the unit the Poleo Formation in the same 1992 study in which they raised the Chinle Formation to group rank.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Stewart et al. 1972.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Lucas et al. 2005.
* 1 2 Wood & Northrop 1946.
* ↑ Lucas & Hunt 1992.
# Fort Blair (Fort Scott)

In spring and possibly through summer 1864, three blockhouses were constructed to help defend the town and post of Fort Scott. These were Fort Blair, Fort Henning and Fort Insley. Fort Blair was enclosed by a rectangular wall of log palisades covered on the outside by earthworks, which in turn were surrounded by a wide, deep ditch. These were to be used by armed men and cannon in case the town and post were attacked by Confederate guerrillas or regular forces. A drawing of Fort Blair and its stockade showed the stockade as about waist high.
Fort Blair was named for Gen. Charles W. Blair. This fort contained two 24-pounder guns. The blockhouse was built of sawed or thick boards, which was covered with rough boards. It had openings for rifles and small cannon and was roofed with wood shingles. Three of the gun ports were on the second floor and a fourth was on the first floor. The structure was two stories tall.
Fort Blair was the second largest of the three blockhouses, measuring sixteen by sixteen feet. It was in south Fort Scott, located between Main Street and Scott Avenue. The fort was several blocks south of the main part of the post of Fort Scott.
Fort Blair was used to guard Fort Scott when Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price passed through the area in late October 1864 near the end of his failed raid into Arkansas, Missouri and Kansas (see Price's Missouri Raid). Price wanted to overrun the defenders at Fort Scott, but not one shot was fired when Price passed within sight of the post.
Fort Scott was closed as military post in October 1865. The Fort Blair blockhouse was the only of the three not to be torn down. It was disassembled and moved at least twice. Finally it was reconstructed and placed adjacent to the Fort Scott National Historic Site, where it remains today.
# Christina Rasmussen

Christina Rasmussen is a Greek–American crisis intervention counselor and author. She is best known for writing Second Firsts, a 2013 book introducing a new model of grief based on the science of neuroplasticity, as well as creating a grief counseling organization of the same name.

## Background

In September 1998, Rasmussen delivered her master's thesis on the stages of grief at the University of Durham in England.
In 2003, Rasmussen's husband of 10 years, Bjarne Rasmussen, was diagnosed with stage IV colon cancer. On July 21, 2006, he died in the intensive care unit of the Dana Farber Cancer Institute at the age of thirty-five.
While grieving, Rasmussen continued working to support her two children. She obtained a graduate certificate in human resource management from Northeastern University, and joined the human resource department at Parexel, a multinational life sciences consulting firm.
In September 2010, she started writing her weekly letter on her site Second Firsts which began her journey as a writer.
On November 4, 2013, her first book Second Firsts was published by Hay House.
The Life Reentry Institute was born in 2017 bringing forth a professional curriculum to allow for professionals to bring Life Reentry into their work.
In December 2018 Rasmussen published her first book with HarperOne, Where Did You Go? It received critical reviews from religious establishments such as the National Catholic Reporter.

## Second Firsts

In April 2010, Rasmussen created the Life Reentry Model, a model of grieving based on her professional, academic, and personal observations of the bereavement process. This model is the foundation of her 2013 book, Second Firsts, as well as her grief counseling organization of the same name.
Rasmussen's model of grief operates on the assumption of psychological resilience, echoing the theories introduced by George Bonanno, a professor of clinical psychology at the Teachers College of Columbia University. Her theories conflict with popularized concepts of grief stemming from the 1917 and 1969 publications of Mourning and Melancholia and On Death and Dying by Sigmund Freud and Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, respectively. The defining characteristic of the model proposed by Second Firsts is the view of loss as a catalyst for change and self-growth.

## Reception and influence

For her work on Second Firsts, Rasmussen has been featured on the blog of the White House, as well as HelloGiggles, a lifestyle website created by actress Zooey Deschanel.
# Cèntric (Barcelona Metro)

Cèntric is a Barcelona Metro station, located in the El Prat de Llobregat municipality, in the Metropolitan area of Barcelona. The station is served by line L9.
The station is located underneath the local Plaça de Catalunya. There are two entrances on the same square, one in the center and the other close to the Carrer de Lleida, which serve a below ground ticket hall. The two 100-metre (330 ft) long side platforms are at a lower level.
The station was opened in 2016, when line L9 was extended from Zona Universitaria station to Aeroport T1 station.
# Moneulia

Moneulia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Moneulia monilia Razowski & Becker, 2002
# Pilgrim I

Pilgrim I may refer to:
* Pilgrim I (archbishop of Salzburg) (died 923)
* Pellegrino I of Aquileia (died 1161), called Pilgrim I in German
# Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling

Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Counseling Association and the International Association of Addictions and Offender Counselors. The journal was established in 1980. Its current editor-in-chief is Trevor Buser. The journal focuses on prevention and treatment programs, the attitudes and behaviors of substance abuse professionals, tested techniques, treatment of adolescents and adults, and qualitative and quantitative studies.
# Pollex spastica

Pollex spastica is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2007. It is known from Panay in the Philippines.
The wingspan is about 9 mm.
# Cyana arenbergeri

Cyana arenbergeri is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Timm Karisch in 2003. It is found in Tanzania.
# Nella, Arkansas

Nella is an unincorporated community in Scott County, in the U.S. state of Arkansas.

## History

Nella was founded in 1903. A post office called Nella was established in 1903, and remained in operation until 1953. A variant name is "Gist Town". It is unknown why the present name "Nella" was applied to this community.