OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Villeneuve-la-Garenne

Villeneuve-la-Garenne (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 9.2 km (5.7 mi) from the center of Paris in the Hauts-de-Seine department in the Île-de-France region.

## History

The commune of Villeneuve-la-Garenne was created on 9 April 1929 by detaching its territory from the commune of Gennevilliers.

## Transport

Villeneuve-la-Garenne is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Villeneuve-la-Garenne is Saint-Denis station, which is an interchange station on Paris RER line D and on the Transilien Paris – Nord suburban rail line. This station is located in the commune of Saint-Denis, 0.9 km (0.56 mi) from the town center of Villeneuve-la-Garenne.
The town is well-served by the Paris metropolitan bus system : several lines run through its territory. (RATP bus lines 137, 177, 178, 261 and 378).
Since 15 November 2012, the city is served by a tram (Line 1).

## Demographics

As of January 1, 2019, there were 24,097 residents. As of 2016 almost 37% of the residents were under 25 years of age.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1931 | 3,954 | — |
| 1936 | 4,031 | +0.39% |
| 1946 | 3,584 | −1.17% |
| 1954 | 4,035 | +1.49% |
| 1962 | 13,780 | +16.59% |
| 1968 | 22,715 | +8.69% |
| 1975 | 23,691 | +0.60% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1982 | 23,906 | +0.13% |
| 1990 | 23,824 | −0.04% |
| 1999 | 22,349 | −0.71% |
| 2007 | 24,516 | +1.16% |
| 2012 | 25,725 | +0.97% |
| 2017 | 23,771 | −1.57% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Education

As of the 2015–2016 school year the commune had 1,280 preschool students, 1,973 elementary students, and 1,978 secondary students.
Junior high schools include:
* Collège Édouard Manet
* Collège Georges Pompidou
Senior high schools:
* Lycée polyvalent Charles Petiet
* Lycée Michel Ange
The public library is the Bibliothèque Aimé-Césaire.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Villeneuve-la-Garenne is twinned with:
* Hof, Germany

## Notable people

* Éric Marester, footballer
* Romain Habran, footballer

## Economy

Villeneuve-la-Garenne is home to shipyards:
* Chantier de la Société Française de Construction navale
* Vanpraet Chantiers Navals du Nord
# Městský stadion v Kotlině

Městský stadion v Kotlině is a football stadium in Varnsdorf, Czech Republic. It is the home stadium of FK Varnsdorf. The stadium holds 5,000 spectators, of which 900 can be seated.
# Mystery of Illusion

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 4/10 |
| Metal Forces | 8/10 |
Mystery of Illusion is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band Chastain, released in 1985 by Shrapnel Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by David T. Chastain, except where noted

## Personnel
### Band members

* Leather Leone – vocals
* David T. Chastain – guitar
* Mike Skimmerhorn – bass
* Fred Coury – drums

### Additional credits

* Peter Marrino – arrangement, production
* Steve Fontano – engineering, mixing
* George Horn – mastering
* Mike Varney – executive production
# P. N. Suganthan

Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan is a computer science academic from KINDI Center for Computing Research, Qatar University. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for "contributions to optimization using evolutionary and swarm algorithms".
Suganthan's main research contributions are in the areas of evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, deep learning, big data, and pattern recognition. His Google Scholar citation index is more than 72,000.
Suganthan studied at Union College, Tellippalai, Jaffna, Sri Lanka, from primary school until year 12. He scored the highest aggregate of 372 in the 1986 GCE Advanced Level in Sri Lanka and received a full scholarship to the University of Cambridge.
After completing his PhD research in 1995, he served as a research assistant in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Sydney in 1995–96 and a lecturer in the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland in 1996–99. He moved to Qatar University in 2022.
Suganthan is a founding co-editor-in-chief of Swarm and Evolutionary Computation. He is a member of the editorial board of Evolutionary Computation (MIT Press), and an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Information Sciences (Elsevier), Pattern Recognition (Elsevier) and International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research. He was selected as a highly cited researcher by Thomson Reuters from 2015 to 2023 in computer science (the World's Most Influential Scientists, 2015).
# Edwin Butler Bayliss

Edwin Butler Bayliss (1874–1950), was an English artist based in the Black Country, famous for his realistic and unsentimental paintings of industrial sites in the area.

## Early life and education

Edwin was born in Wolverhampton, on Merridale Road, the eldest son of Samuel Bayliss (b. 1848, an industrialist and director of the firm Bayliss, Jones and Bayliss) and Emma Bayliss (née Butler, b.1849). He spent his childhood in Finchfield and Tettenhall, Wolverhampton. From twelve he attended the Rydal Mount School (now named the Rydal Penrhos School), a boarding school in Colwyn Bay, Wales where he became a prefect.

## Return to the Black Country

At eighteen he returned to his family's large house in Tettenhall, The Woodhouse. He joined his father's manufacturing firm, but at twenty-seven he had left to pursue his artistic ambitions. He painted works inspired by scenes from both his father's iron foundry and the steel works of Sir Alfred Hickman, 1st Baronet, who was a friend of his father's.

## Work

Edwin was originally self-taught, he seems to have no formal art training except for learning basic techniques by his friend and fellow artist, Joseph Vickers de Ville. He sketches in charcoal, pastel and watercolour and painting mainly in oil. He was a prolific painter, a competent etcher, and apparently a sculptor too, though no examples of his sculpture are known. He exhibited his images of the Black Country from 1904 until his death and a large amount of his work is held by Wolverhampton Art Gallery.
# Edwin Burr Curtiss

Edwin Burr Curtiss (July 14, 1852 – March 30, 1928) was an American attorney, bookseller, and a director of A. G. Spalding Bros.

## Early life

He was born on July 14, 1852, in Fairfield, Connecticut. He was the third child born to Henry Tomlinson Curtiss (1796–1876) and Mary Eliza Henderson (née Beardsley) Curtiss (1821–1886), who married in 1844. His younger brother was Julian Wheeler Curtiss, president of the Spalding sports equipment company.
His maternal grandparents were Cyrus H. Beardsley and Maria (née Burr) Beardsley. His paternal grandfather was Henry Curtiss, a descendant of William Curtiss, who came to America from England about 1650 and settled at Stratford, Connecticut of which he helped found. From 1667 to 1686, he represented Stratford in the General Court and in 1672, he served as one of six commissioners with the governor John Winthrop the Younger, the deputy governor, and assistants as a War Council against the Dutch in New York, and was distinguished for bravery in King Philip's War.
After two years of studying abroad, Edwin graduated from Columbia Law School.

## Career

After graduation from law school, he practiced law in New York City for two years before forming the firm of Cunningham, Curtiss & Welsh in 1878. The firm was a wholesale stationers and booksellers, blank book manufacturers, printers, and lithographers headquartered in San Francisco, Curtiss was based primarily in New York City. In 1892, together with his brother and others, he started the Fairfield County Golf Club in Greenwich, Connecticut.
By 1900 and at least through 1908, he was a vice president of the American Booksellers Association. He retired from the law in 1908 and was a director of A. G. Spalding Bros.

## Personal life

Curtiss was twice married. His first marriage was to Carrie A. Case, daughter of Joseph S. Case of New York and the sister of his brother's wife, Mary Louise Case. Carrie wife died at St. Luke's Hospital in New York on July 20, 1907.
After the death of his first wife, he remarried to Virginia Henry (1875–1941), who was born in Vienna and educated in England. Curtiss commissioned the architects Carrère and Hastings, who had also designed the original clubhouse for the Greenwich Country Club, to build him a house on North Street in Greenwich, Connecticut.
Curtiss died at his residence in Mountain Lake, Florida on March 30, 1928. He was buried at the Putnam Cemetery in Greenwich. After his death, his widow remarried to August Heckscher, the German-born capitalist and philanthropist.
# Edwin Burr Babbitt

Edwin Burr Babbitt (July 26, 1862 – December 9, 1939) was a major general in the United States Army.

## Biography

Babbitt was born at Watervliet Arsenal in Watervliet, New York on July 26, 1862, to Lawrence Sprague Babbitt, a U.S. Army Colonel, and Francis P. "Fannie" (McDougall) Babbitt. He was the grandson of Charles McDougall and nephew of Thomas Mower McDougall.
Babbitt died on December 9, 1939, in Santa Barbara, California. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Career

Babbitt graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1884 and was commissioned a second lieutenant. He served as a brigade commander during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and the Battle of Saint-Mihiel during World War I. Awards he received include the Army Distinguished Service Medal for "exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous services" in World War I; Officer, Legion d'Honour (France); Comendator, Order of the Sun of Peru (Peru) and Order of Abdon Calderón, First Class (Ecuador). The citation for his Army DSM reads:
   The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Brigadier General Edwin Burr Babbitt, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. General Babbitt commanded the 4th Field Artillery Brigade from its organization to the close of hostilities, participated with marked distinction in the actions on the Vesle River and in the St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne offensives. The skillful manner in which he pushed forward the artillery units in support of the Infantry was a material factor in the successes of these campaigns. In the Meuse-Argonne offensive he had under his command, in addition to the 4th Artillery Brigade, the 10th Field Artillery, the 18th Field Artillery, the 205th French R.A.C., and the 2d Battalion, 308th French R.A.C.
He retired from military service in 1924.
# Myslim Pashaj

Myslim Pashaj (born 1945) is a retired colonel and retired head of cartographic center of Albania. He was one of the main opposers of the Albanian-Greek Sea border pact, which he called a loss of Albanian territory. He won the case in the Constitutional Court of Albania. He got blackmailed and some people claimed they would kill him for opposing the pact.
Pashaj was the general secretary of the Red and Black Alliance and declared irrevocable resignation on 13 May.
# P. B. Dissanayake

Punchi Banda Dissanayake is a Sri Lankan politician and was the 12th Governor of the Central Province (April – December 2018). In 2018 he also served as the acting Governor of Uva Province. He has previously been the Governor of the North Central Province.
# P. B. Fernando

Panagodage Bertram Fernando is a Sri Lankan physician who is First Professor of Medicine Ceylon Medical College and Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo. Fernando was educated like Marcus Fernando (no relation) at St. Benedict's College, Colombo. He was awarded a Government scholarship to the Ceylon Medical College in 1918 and qualified with L.M.S. (Ceylon) in 1923. In 1930 he attended University College Hospital, London, M.B. B.S. (1931) and obtaining MRCP in 1932 and the diploma in tropical medicine and hygiene. He was awarded an M.D. in 1951, and elected F.R.C.P. in 1952, the first Ceylonese to be awarded that distinction.
He returned to Sri Lanka to serve as visiting physician General Hospital, Colombo and visiting paediatrician at the Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children. In 1936 he was appointed the first professor of medicine at the Ceylon Medical College continuing as Professor of Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine when the Medical College became part of the newly established University of Ceylon in 1942 till his retirement in 1959.
Fernando has published research papers on childhood tuberculosis, ascariasis in children, nutritional disorders in childhood, rheumatic heart disease, liver diseases and coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease in Ceylon.
He served as acting dean of the faculty of medicine and acting vice-chancellor of the University of Colombo. He was honorary secretary and treasurer of the Ceylon Branch of the B.M.A., and President Ceylon Medical Association (later renamed Sri Lanka Medical Association) in 1953. The Ceylon College of Physicians commemorates his memory with an award of a gold medal Oration delivered at the ceremonial inauguration of its annual scientific sessions.
He is also known for his services to education founding with his wife, the girls school Anula Vidyalaya Nugegoda.
# Edward Parsons

Edward Parsons may refer to:
* Edward Parsons (minister) (1762–1833), English Congregational minister and writer.
* Edward Y. Parsons (1842–1876), U.S. Representative from Kentucky
* Edward L. Parsons (1868–1960), American bishop in California
* Edward Parsons (footballer) (1879–1956), English footballer
* Edward Parsons (architect) (1907–1991), American architect in Nevada
* Edward Taylor Parsons (1861–1914), Sierra Club activist, for whom Parsons Memorial Lodge is named
# Edward Parsons (architect)

Edward Parsons (1907–1991) was an American architect who practiced in Nevada and was a leader in historic preservation. He was born in Tonopah, Nevada in 1907, went to school in Salt Lake City, Utah and in Reno, Nevada, and studied architecture at University of Southern California and the University of Pennsylvania.
One of his works, the J. Clarence Kind House, at 751 Marsh Ave., in Reno, Nevada, is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. He assisted in the restoration of numerous buildings, was state preservation coordinator in Nevada for the American Institute of Architects, and was active in state and local historic review bodies.
Architectural works include:
* Incline High School
* University of Nevada, Reno, buildings:
** Fleischmann Agriculture and Home Economics building
** Orvis School of Nursing
** Medical School complex
* J. Clarence Kind House
Specific restoration projects to which he contributed include:
* Nevada State Capitol Building
* Morrill Hall, University of Nevada, Reno
* Bowers Mansion
* Lake Mansion
* Berlin Mill
* Virginia City Courthouse
* Belmont Courthouse
* Genoa Courthouse
* Fort Churchill
He was interviewed within the University of Nevada's Oral Historic Project during 1981, and donated numerous of his design drawings in 1982.
# Village of Anaktuvuk Pass

The Village of Anaktuvuk Pass is a federally recognized Iñupiat Alaska Native tribal entity.

## History

The Village of Anaktuvuk Pass is headquartered in the city of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska. As of 2005, the tribe had 279 enrolled citizens.
In 2022, the remains of a Nunamiut man that were being held by the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University were repatriated to the Village of Anaktuvuk Pass. The remains are being held at Simon Paneak Memorial Museum until the tribe can decide when the remains will be buried.
# Edward Thornton Taylor

Edward Thornton Taylor (September 13, 1858 – January 25, 1922) was a Canadian soldier and amateur athlete. He was the first Canadian-born commandant of the RMC. He was the first commandant who was a graduate of the Royal Military College. He introduced ice hockey to Kingston, Ontario, as an RMC student in 1878.

## Education

Taylor was born in Montreal in 1858. He graduated from McGill University in 1878 and went on to RMC, where he introduced ice hockey to Kingston (student # 45). As a cadet at RMC, Taylor won the sword of honour in 1882 and the sword is in the collection of the RMC museum. He served as battalion sergeant-major at RMC.

## Military career

He was the first RMC cadet to attend the staff college course at Camberly (1895). He joined the 2nd Battalion of the Cheshire regiment. He served with his regiment and on the staff in India and Burma, often in instructional positions. He was fond of climbing and shooting tigers. He was an energetic man of great physical endurance who possessed an almost boyish enthusiasm. Lieutenant Colonel Taylor served as the sixth Commandant at RMC, (1905-9). At the time, about 80 cadets were in training. Cadets had to pass a competitive examination on entering, with half-yearly examinations afterwards to obtain diplomas. Although the college was organized on a strictly military basis, a thoroughly practical and complete course of study in civil engineering, civil and hydro-graphic surveying, physics, chemistry, French and English was provided. The practice of gymnastic drills and outdoor exercises of all kinds ensured good health and fine physical condition. Five commissions in the imperial army were awarded yearly to the cadets who stand highest. The length of the course was three years, in three terms of nine and a half months' residence each. The total cost of the course, including board, uniform, instructional material and all extras, was from $750 to $1,000. As Commandant, he indicated the difficulty involved if RMC graduates who did not take a commission in the British army or Canadian Permanent Active Force were required to serve for a stated time in the Non-Permanent Active Force. This compulsory military service would be difficult since graduates did not always live near militia units. He recommended that graduates be posted to a unit of their choice rather than simply be placed on the reserve of officers. In 1906, the practice began at the RMC club annual dinner of calling the roll by having each member rise in place in turn and announce their college number and name in order of seniority. In 1907, the loving cup was circulated for the first time around the table at the RMC club annual dinner. Although Taylor retired in 1916, he commanded the labour corps in France in 1917.
Taylor died on January 25, 1922, in Mandla district, India.
# Apatiu

The Apatiu is a left tributary of the river Meleș in Romania. It flows into the Meleș in Nușeni. Its length is 25 km (16 mi) and its basin size is 174 km$^2$ (67 sq mi).
# Egypt at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

Egypt competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States. They sent 31 athletes (26 males and 5 females), who won 30 total medals, 8 gold, 11 silver and 11 bronze. They participated in several sports including powerlifting. The team included powerlifters Ahmed Gomaa Mohamed Ahmed and Metwalli Mathana.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Gold | Ahmed Hassan Mahmoud | Athletics | Men's 400m T36 |
| Gold | Ahmed Dahy | Athletics | Men's discus F41 |
| Gold | Mohamed Gawad | Athletics | Men's discus F57 |
| Gold | Ahmed Abd Elgawad | Athletics | Men's shot put F41 |
| Gold | Karima Feleifal | Athletics | Women's discus F55-57 |
| Gold | Zakia Abdin | Athletics | Women's javelin F55-57 |
| Gold | Mervat Omar | Athletics | Women's shot put F55-57 |
| Gold | Gomma G. Ahmed | Powerlifting | Men's 56kg |
| Silver | Hany Elbehiry | Athletics | Men's discus F57 |
| Silver | Ahmed Dahy | Athletics | Men's javelin F41 |
| Silver | Ashraf Elsafi | Athletics | Men's shot put F41 |
| Silver | Hany Elbehiry | Athletics | Men's shot put F57 |
| Silver | Mervat Omar | Athletics | Women's discus F55-57 |
| Silver | Zakia Abdin | Athletics | Women's shot put F55-57 |
| Silver | Metwaly Mathna | Powerlifting | Men's 60kg |
| Silver | Emadeldin Mohamed | Powerlifting | Men's 67.5kg |
| Silver | Mostafa Hamed | Powerlifting | Men's 82.5kg |
| Silver | Essam Attia | Swimming | Men's 50m backstroke S5 |
| Bronze | Ahmed Hassan Mahmoud | Athletics | Men's 100m T36 |
| Bronze | Ahmed Hassan Mahmoud | Athletics | Men's 200m T36 |
| Bronze | Ahmed Abd Elgawad | Athletics | Men's discus F41 |
| Bronze | Ayman Abou Elata | Athletics | Men's discus F46 |
| Bronze | H. Abdel Latif | Athletics | Men's discus F56 |
| Bronze | Ahmed Abd Elgawad | Athletics | Men's javelin F41 |
| Bronze | Mohamed Hassan | Athletics | Men's javelin F57 |
| Bronze | Shaaban El Khatib | Athletics | Men's shot put F57 |
| Bronze | Sohir Elkoumy | Athletics | Women's shot put F55-57 |
| Bronze | Abd Elmonem Farag | Powerlifting | Men's 75kg |
| Bronze | Walid Abd Elkader | Swimming | Men's 50m butterfly S7 |
# Egypt at the 2003 All-Africa Games

Egypt competed in the 2003 All-Africa Games held at the National Stadium in the city of Abuja, Nigeria. The team came second overall with a total of 218 medals.

## Competitors

Egypt entered 149 events at the games. Of these, 115 were for men and 34 for women.

## Medal summary

Egypt won 218 medals, of which 81 were gold, 66 silver and 71 bronze, beaten only by the host, Nigeria.

### Medal table

| Sport | Gold | Total |
| Athletics | | |
| Boxing | | |
| Chess | | |
| Cycling | | |
| Field hockey | 1 | 1 |
| Football | | |
| Handball | | |
| Judo | | |
| Karate | | |
| Handball | | |
| Swimming | | |
| Table tennis | | |
| Taekwondo | | |
| Tennis | | |
| Volleyball | | |
| Weightlifting | | |
| Wrestling | | |
| Total | | |
# Edwin Jowitt

Sir Edwin Frank Jowitt (born 1 October 1929) is a British former High Court judge. Notable cases overseen by Jowitt include the trial of the murderers of Ross Parker.
Jowitt was educated at Swanwick Hall School and London School of Economics, where he earned his LL.B. He was called to the bar as a member of Middle Temple in 1951. He became a Queen's Counsel in 1969 and was recorder of the Crown Court from 1972 to 1980. He was a circuit judge from 1980 to 1987 and Senior Circuit Judge and honorary Recorder of Birmingham from 1987 to 1988. He was a judge of the High Court, Queen's Bench Division, from 1988 to 2000. He was knighted in 1988. He was presiding judge of the Midland & Oxford Circuit from 1996 to 1999, was Lent reader in 1997, and became a senior bencher in January 2000.
Following the recommendation of Canadian judge Peter Cory that inquiries into murders in Northern Ireland be undertaken, Jowitt was appointed to chair the Robert Hamill Inquiry.
Jowitt is interested in fell walking. He married in 1959 and has five children.
# P107 (disambiguation)

The P107 was a World War II French half-track.
P107 may also refer to:
* ARM Ignacio de la Llave (P107), a patrol boat of the Mexican Navy
* Papyrus 107, a biblical manuscript
* Phosco P107, a lamp standard
* Retinoblastoma-like protein 1
* P107, a state regional road in Latvia
# Apluda

Apluda is a genus of plants in the grass family native to Asia and to various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
The only known species is Apluda mutica, native to Central Asia, China (incl. Taiwan + Tibet), Japan (incl Ryukyu Islands), Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Caroline Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Socotra, Oman.

## Formerly included

see Andropogon, Ichnanthus, Ischaemum, Polytoca, Themeda, Zeugites
* Apluda digitata – Polytoca digitata
* Apluda distachya – Andropogon distachyos
* Apluda imberbis – Themeda triandra
* Apluda rugosa – Ischaemum rugosum
* Apluda zeugites – Zeugites americanus
* Apluda zeygites – Ichnanthus pallens