OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Daustinia

Daustinia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. It only contains one known species, Daustinia montana.
Its native range is eastern Brazil.
The genus name of Daustinia is in honour of Daniel Frank Austin (1943–2015), an American botanist from the University of Arizona. The Latin specific epithet of montana means "of the mountains" referring to the habitat of the plant. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Phytotaxa Vol.197 on page 60 in 2015.
# Badu

Badu may refer to:

## People

* Badu (surname)
* Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu, "Badu" (born 1990), professional footballer
* Erykah Badu (born Erica Abi Wright 1971), American singer

## Places
### China

* Badu, Fujian (八都镇), town in Jiaocheng District, Ningde
* Badu, Jiangxi (八都镇), town in Jishui County
* Badu, Zhejiang (八都镇), town in Longquan

### Other places

* Badu Island, Queensland, Australia
** Badu, Queensland, the town on Badu Island
** Badu Island Airport, which serves that island
* Badu, Niterói, a neighbourhood of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Badu, Ghana, a town in the Tain District of Ghana
* Badu, West Bengal, a suburb in the North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India
* Badu River, a tributary of the Prut River in Romania

## Other uses

* Badu Building, Llano, Texas, USED
* Badu railway station, Nuannuan, Keelung, Taiwan
* Bedouin or Badu, a predominantly desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group
# Vinegar Girl

Vinegar Girl is a 2016 novel by American author Anne Tyler. It is the third book of Random House's "Hogarth Shakespeare" project, in which contemporary novelists retell stories from Shakespeare's plays. Interviewed by Ron Charles in The Washington Post, Tyler said " 'The Katherina in Shakespeare’s play is insane... She’s shrieking at Petruchio from the moment she meets him. And he’s not much better. So you know I had to tone them down. I’m sure that somebody is out there, saying, ‘This isn’t a shrew at all.’ "

## Plot

The plot is based on William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew, updated to present-day Baltimore. Kate Battista is the unmarried 29-year-old daughter of an eccentric scientist, Dr. Louis Battista who is a scientist at Johns Hopkins University. Having dropped out of college in her freshman year after calling a professor's research project "half-assed," she now finds herself with very limited opportunities: she works as a pre-school assistant, and takes care of Dr. Battista and her high-school-age sister Bunny.
Dr. Battista's brilliant lab assistant, Pyotr, will soon have to leave the country as his student visa expires. Dr. Battista devises a plan for a Green card marriage between Kate and Pyotr; Kate first objects to the plan, but slowly warms to the idea, both because of Pyotr's charming acceptance of her outspokenness, and because it offers her a way out of her constrained circumstances.

## Reviews

Jane Smiley reviewed the book for the New York Times. She said "Tyler’s signature skill as a novelist is portraying her characters and her setting with such precise and amusing detail ... that pretty soon the reader is drawn in, willy-nilly. We know where this is heading, yet she does a great job putting up the roadblocks and incorporating the surprising curves."
National Public Radio critic Heller McAlpin wrote "Shakespeare, as we know, relied on numerous sources, which he bent to his own purposes for his plays. So it's in keeping with this tradition that Tyler, too, extracts what she wants from Shakespeare's Shrew and cuts his plotline about Bianca and her suitors. Vinegar Girl is a fizzy cocktail of a romantic comedy, far more sweet than acidic, about finding a mate who appreciates you for your idiosyncratic, principled self — no taming necessary."
# Frederick Wase

Frederick Homer Wase was a Canadian Anglican priest in the 20th Century.
Wase was ordained in 1924. After a curacy at Christ's Church Cathedral, Hamilton, Ontario he held incumbencies at Glen Williams, Guelph. and Dunnville. He was Archdeacon of Haldimand and Wentworth from 1955 to 1960.
# Electoral district of Gippsland West

The electoral district of Gippsland West was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. It was created by the Electoral Act Amendment Act 1888 along with Gippsland Central and Gippsland East. Gippsland North and Gippsland South were resized at the same time. The electorate was dissolved in 2002.
The principal towns of Gippsland West included Pakenham, Drouin, Warragul and Trafalgar.

## Members for Gippsland West

First incarnation (1889–1976) :
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Arthur Groom | None | 1889–1892 |
| | George Turner | None | 1892–1900 |
| | Arthur Nichols | Ministerialist/Independent | 1900–1902 |
| | John Mackey | Ministerialist | 1902–1909 |
| | John Mackey | Commonwealth Liberal | 1909–1917 |
| | John Mackey | Nationalist | 1917–1924 |
| | Arthur Walter | Country | 1924–1929 |
| | Matthew Bennett | Country | 1929–1950 |
| | Leslie Cochrane | Country | 1950–1970 |
| | Rob Maclellan | Liberal | 1970–1976 |
| Second incarnation (1985–2002) ||||
| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Alan Brown | Liberal | 1985–1996 |
| | Susan Davies | Independent | 1997–2002 |
# Fairhaven, Carroll County, Maryland

Fairhaven is an unincorporated community retirement community in Carroll County, Maryland, United States.
# Edward Layton

Edward Layton may refer to:
* Edward Layton (footballer), English footballer
* Edward Layton (priest), English Anglican priest
* Eddie Layton, organ player at Yankee Stadium
# Paul Ruto

Paul Ruto (born November 3, 1960) is a former Kenyan 800 metres runner who won a gold medal at the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart. Ruto took the lead in the first lap and kept it until the end. He was used to front-running, as earlier in his career, he had been employed as a pacemaker at international meetings.
# Mordellistena nigrofasciata

Mordellistena nigrofasciata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Chûjô in 1935.
# Patricia Escobar

Patricia Escobar de Arzú (born October 3, 1953), also known as Patricia de Arzú, is a Salvadoran-Guatemalan entrepreneur and politician. She is the widow of former president of Guatemala and mayor of Guatemala City, Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen, having served as First Lady of Guatemala from January 14, 1996, to January 14, 2000, and as First Lady of Guatemala City from 1991 to 1996, and again from 2004 until his death in 2018. She was an unsuccessful presidential candidate in the 2011 elections for the Unionist Party.

## Biography

Arzú was born on October 3, 1953, San Salvador. She married Álvaro Arzú Irigoyen, with whom she had four children: María Andrée, Roberto Manuel, Alvaro, and Isabel. She has 11 grandchildren.
She graduated as a secretary in San Salvador. She studied business administration at the Broward Community School in Florida, United States, and philosophy at Rafael Landívar University in Guatemala. Her interest in improving the conditions for the most vulnerable in Guatemalan society has made her one of the best-known female entrepreneurs in Guatemala. In 1987, she was the founder and general coordinator of the Secretariat of Social Affairs of the Municipality of Guatemala, allowing her to create three children's gardens that continue offering services after 20 years.
Arzú ran as a candidate for president in the 2011 elections. She was 8th out of 10 candidates, with 97,277 votes, representing 2.19% of the total votes. She is the mother of politician Álvaro Arzú Escobar, former president of the Congress.
# Walt Stannard

Walt Stannard was the first pitlane commentator for live ESPN telecasts of Formula 1 races in 1987. He began his career in professional auto racing in 1976 as the Public Relations Director of Laguna Seca Raceway in Monterey, California. and retired from racing in 1998. During the intervening years, he was the executive director of the West Zakspeed Formula 1 Team, managed the Z1 Corvette team entry in the 1995 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race for Doug Rippie Motorsports. He managed, as an executive of Campbell & Co., Ford Motorsport PR activities for NHRA, IMSA, and NASCAR teams as well as for drivers such as Dale Earnhardt, Bill Elliott, Tom Gloy, Klaus Ludwig and Bobby Rahal and worked as a journalist writing for magazines and newspapers including Competition Press & Autoweek, On Track, Race Car Engineering, and The Wheel. He got his start in racing at Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) amateur events and won an SCCA championship driving a Morris Mini Cooper S in 1969, and was a championship runner-up with a Porsche 911 in 1975. He graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a degree in History. He has lived in England and Germany, where he was involved in the start-up of NFL Europe, as well as in California and Michigan.
# En Hispanoamérica

Paco de Lucía y Ramón de Algeciras en Hispanoamérica (Paco de Lucía and Ramón de Algeciras in Latin America) is the third of four collaboration albums by Paco de Lucía and his brother Ramón de Algeciras.

## Track listing

* "Amapola" – 2:55
* "Pájaro chogüí" – 2:36
* "Yo vendo unos ojos negros” – 2:01
* "Guadalajara" – 2:35
* "Limeña" – 2:30
* "Las mañanitas" – 2:40
* "Alma, corazón y vida" – 3:05
* "Quizás, Quizás, Quizás" – 3:14
* "Tico, tico" – 2:17
* "Lamento Borincano" – 2:28
* "Y todo a media luz" – 3:00
* "La paloma" – 2:17

## Musicians

Paco de Lucía – Flamenco guitar Ramón de Algeciras – Flamenco guitar
# Naubise

Naubise is a Village in Dhading District in the Bagmati Province of central Nepal.At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 25621 and had 3239 houses in it.
To Promote local culture Naubise has two FM radio station Radio Rajmarga - 92.1 MHz Which is a Community radio Station and Krishi Radio-101.5 MHz that features agriculture related programs.
During 2015 earthquake in Nepal, the VDC was totally devastated but only 26deaths were caused. To the earthquake victims of this VDC, assistance was provided by LEO club of peace khanikhola, UNICEF, WFP and many other NGOs and INGOs. This VDC is one of the developing VDC in dhading district. The main occupation of people is agriculture-farming,different occupational jobs. Education sector of this VDC in government school is weaker as compare to private school. This vdc has altogether 28 schools among them many student are enrolled in government schools due to the poor financial conditions of marginal communities people.
# Darwinivelia

Darwinivelia is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Mesoveliidae.
Species:
* Darwinivelia angulata J.Polhemus & Manzano, 1992
* Darwinivelia fosteri Andersen & J.Polhemus, 1980
* Darwinivelia polhemi Carvalho, 1984
# Newlands horseshoe

The Newlands horseshoe is a circular walk in the Lake District, incorporating the main peaks surrounding the Newlands Valley.

## Standard round

The regular horseshoe covers six peaks, and approximately 9.4 miles or 15.1 kilometers of walking. It includes the fells Catbells (451m), Maiden Moor (576m), High Spy (653m), Dale Head (753m), Hindscarth (727m) and Robinson (737m). The walk may be extended by another five or so miles, and by four more peaks, by including an extra traverse from Knott Rigg (556m) to Causey Pike (637m), but the Horseshoe proper – culminating in what Wainwright called “the deep trench confined by Maiden Moor and Hindscarth” – surrounds and encloses Upper Newlands itself.

## Wainwright’s version

Wainwright himself favoured a slightly reduced round, beginning at Cat Bells but omitting Robinson in favour of a descent via Hindscarth (727m) and Scope End (412m). Apart from the beauty of the track itself, the latter descent (in his opinion) “earns full marks because of the lovely views of Newlands directly ahead”.
# Montreal Rowing Club

The Montreal Rowing Club (MRC) is a rowing club based in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Its French name is club d'aviron de Montréal (CAM). The club originally started in 1982 as an activity offered by le Club nautique et plein air de Montreal, a non-profit organization set up by the city. It was officially founded in 1987 as a separate entity with the mandate to promote the sport of rowing in the Montreal area. It is a registered club with Rowing Canada.
The MRC is one of the five rowing clubs in the Montreal area including the Club d'aviron Boucherville, the Club d'aviron de Lachine, the Club d'aviron de Laval and the Club d'aviron de Terrebonne.

## Facilities

The club rows out of the Olympic Basin located on Notre Dame Island using the same facilities built for the 1976 Summer Olympics. It shares these facilities with l'Association Québécoise d'aviron, the Quebec rowing association, and the McGill University Rowing Club (MURC). These facilities include:
* The 2000 metres-plus long basin itself, the only one of its kind in North America.
* The athletes' quarters which houses the indoor tank, one of only two in Canada and the only one that can accommodate eight rowers, the weight room and the ergometer room.
* Hangars used for storing rowing shells with one heated hangar used to do repairs.
The club operates year-round with on-water training taking place between April and early November. The on-water season starts as soon as the docks are installed and the water level in the basin is raised by the city. Due to the adjacent Circuit Gilles-Villeneuve access to the basin is limited the week leading up both the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix and until 2006, the Champ Car Grand Prix of Montreal, and since 2007 NASCAR.
The Montreal Rowing Club shares facilities and equipment with many local Cegep and University rowing teams including, Dawson College, Marianopolis College, University of Montreal, and Brebeuf College. McGill University remains only partially affiliated with the organization.

## Membership

The club offers membership programs for all rowers of all skill levels. These programs include novice (first year), junior (U19), under 23 (u23), masters (27 years-plus), recreational and competitive. The club also offers learn to row (LTR) courses for those wanting to start in the sport. Additionally the club runs many high school rowing programs for such schools as Selwyn House School and The Study. On a number of occasions the club has been a host site for Dynamic Opportunities for Youth (DOY). It has also and established corporate rowing program which ends with a regatta.

## Regattas

The club has also been host club for a number of national and international rowing events including the 2003 and 2012 Canadian Masters Championships and the rowing element of the 2006 World Outgames.
# Denaro, Virginia

Denaro is a rural unincorporated community in south-central Amelia County in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is located 0.4 mi (0.6 km) north of the Amelia–Nottoway county line at the split & curve junctions of SR 614 (Dennisville Road) and SR 613 (Namozine Road).
Denaro was a post village in the early 1900s. The community is now served by the post office 8 miles north at the county seat, Amelia Court House, ZIP code 23002. The nearest volunteer fire departments are Amelia County Station 3, at Jetersville, 8 miles northwest, and Amelia County Station 1, at Amelia Court House.
St. Johns United Methodist Church, established in 1894, is located approximately 1 mile west, on SR 615 (Namozine Road).
# Arpadites

Arpadites is a genus of ceratitids in the family Trachyceratidae from the Middle and Upper Triassic (Ladinian and Carnian stages) of Nevada (United States), Alps, Italy, Balkans, Himalayas, and Japan. (Arkel et al. 1962, L162)
The genotype Arpadites arpadis came from the upper Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of the Alps in Europe.

## Description

Arpadites, named by Mojsisovics, 1879, is characterized by a compressed, evolute, discoidal shell with radial or faintly sigmoidal ribs; smooth, continuous keels; umbilical tubercles, with or without lateral and ventrolateral tubercles as well; and ceratitic sutures with two lateral lobes (on either side).

## Gallery

* Arpadites arpadis
* Arpadites szaboi
* Arpadites szaboi
* Arpadites telleri
# Cuddy Valley, California

Cuddy Valley is a valley in the San Andreas Rift Zone south of the San Emigdio Mountains west of Tejon Pass, part of the Mountain Communities. It lies at an elevation of 5,282 feet 1610 m).

## History

What is now the Cuddy Valley was a water and grazing place along El Camino Viejo (18th-19th century). The Old Road came over what is now the Tejon Pass from what would become Gorman then turned west up Cuddy Creek to Cuddy Valley its spring. Afterward the road descended to the north, through the San Emigdio Mountains, via San Emigdio Canyon along San Emigdio Creek to the San Joaquin Valley. At the foot of the mountains and at the creek's mouth was the next stop, that became the 1842 Mexican land grant of Rancho San Emidio.

### John Fletcher Cuddy

Cuddy Valley, Cuddy Creek and Cuddy Canyon are named for John Fletcher Cuddy, who came to the United States from Ireland during the Great Famine. He joined the United States Army and after being discharged in 1853, followed his former unit, the 1st Dragoon Regiment, to Fort Tejon in 1854 as a civilian teamster. He became the herdsman for the fort and found meadow in a valley some miles west of the fort that was ideal for grazing its stock.
Cuddy eventually built a log cabin west of the fort in the small valley just southwest of modern Lake of the Woods, and laid claim to land in what became known at the time as Cuddy's Valley, (later Little Cuddy Valley), and raised cattle there. John Cuddy married Margaret Gale in 1858 and by 1861 had moved his family into a larger log cabin that still stands, west of the present community of Lake of the Woods.
The Cuddy Ranch acquired much of the surrounding area as Cuddy's children became eligible, homesteading nearby land until their holdings included most of the land, to the southwest in Lockwood Valley, to the west in what is now known as Cuddy Valley, and east to the present Interstate 5.
# Edward Layton (footballer)

Edward Layton was an English footballer who played as a left and right full back for Sheffield United, South Kirkby, Aston Villa, Middlesbrough and Cardiff City.

## Playing career

Layton began his football career at Royston United in the Barnsley Junior and Sheffield Association leagues, before moving to Sheffield United, where he helped the reserves to the Midland League title. Injury in the 1903/04 season meant he missed much of the season and he eventually left to join South Kirkby, where he became club captain. He later moved to Rotherham Town before being signed by Aston Villa in January 1908, moving next to Middlesbrough. In 1912 he left Middlesbrough for Australia, along with his brother William. In 1914 he returned to England, where he had been playing football for two years, with Middlesbrough still holding his registration. Cardiff City eventually acquired his registration and later he joined Stockport County.

## International career

Between 1912 and 1914 Layton travelled across Australia, playing football for various small clubs. During this time he was 'capped' by Australia in a match between New South Wales and Queensland. Even though his normal position was full back he played the game as centre forward, scoring the only goal.

## Family

Edward was the brother of William Layton, a footballer with Sheffield Wednesday.
# Epipharyngeal groove

The epipharyngeal groove is a ciliated groove along the dorsal side of the inside of the pharynx in some plankton-feeding early chordates, such as Amphioxus. It helps to carry a stream of mucus with plankton stuck in it, through the pharynx into the gut to be digested.
The subnotochordal rod or hypochord is a transient structure that appears ventral to the notochord in the heads of embryos of some vertebrates. Its appearance is stimulated by a chemical secreted by the notochord. The subnotochordal rod helps to stimulate development of the dorsal aorta.
There is an opinion that these two structures are homologous.
# Monty Lewis (artist)

Monty Lewis (1907–1997) was an American painter, muralist, and educator. He was a 1930 Guggenheim Fellow.

## Life

Lewis was born in Cardiff, Wales. He studied at the Art Students League of New York. He was a member of the Federal Art Project, and painted murals at the Museum of Man building at the 1939 New York World's Fair as well as public schools in New Jersey.
He was founder and director of the Coronado School of Fine Arts. His papers are held at the Archives of American Art.
# Vinyl group

In organic chemistry, a vinyl group (abbr. Vi; IUPAC name: ethenyl group) is a functional group with the formula −CH=CH$_2$. It is the ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) molecule (H$_2$C=CH$_2$) with one fewer hydrogen atom. The name is also used for any compound containing that group, namely R−CH=CH$_2$ where R is any other group of atoms.
An industrially important example is vinyl chloride, precursor to PVC, a plastic commonly known as vinyl.
Vinyl is one of the alkenyl functional groups. On a carbon skeleton, sp$^2$-hybridized carbons or positions are often called vinylic. Allyls, acrylates and styrenics contain vinyl groups. (A styrenic crosslinker with two vinyl groups is called divinyl benzene.)

## Vinyl polymers

Vinyl groups can polymerize with the aid of a radical initiator or a catalyst, forming vinyl polymers. Vinyl polymers contain no vinyl groups. Instead they are saturated. The following table gives some examples of vinyl polymers.
| Monomer example | Example of resulting polymer |
| Vinyl chloride | Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) |
| Vinyl fluoride | Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) |
| Vinyl acetate | Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) |

## Synthesis and reactivity

Vinyl derivatives are alkenes. If activated by an adjacent group, the increased polarization of the bond gives rise to characteristic reactivity, which is termed vinylogous:
* In allyl compounds, where the next carbon is saturated but substituted once, allylic rearrangement and related reactions are observed.
** Allyl Grignard reagents (organomagnesiums) can attack with the vinyl end first.
* If next to an electron-withdrawing group, conjugate addition (Michael addition) can occur.
Vinyl organometallics, e.g. vinyllithium and vinyl tributyltin, participate in vinylations including coupling reactions such as in Negishi coupling.

## History and etymology

The radical was first reported by Henri Victor Regnault in 1835 and initially named aldehydène. Due to the incorrect measurement of the atomic mass of carbon it was believed to be C$_4$H$_6$ at the time. Then in 1839 it was renamed by Justus von Liebig to "acetyl", because he believed it to be the radical of the acetic acid.
The modern term was coined by German chemist Hermann Kolbe in 1851, who rebutted Liebig's hypothesis. However even in 1860 Marcellin Berthelot still based the name he coined for acetylene on Liebig's nomenclature and not on Kolbe's.
The etymology of "vinyl" is the Latin vinum = "wine", and the Greek word "hylos" 'υλος (matter or material), because of its relationship with ethyl alcohol.
# Vinyl formate

Vinyl formate is an organic compound with the formula CH$_2$=CHO$_2$CH. It is the ester formally derived from formic acid and vinyl alcohol. Although rare commercially, it occurs naturally. It can be prepared by transvinylation, say by treating vinyl versatate with formic acid in the presence of a mercury(II) catalyst..
# Julia Bertrand

Julia Bertrand (1877–1960) was a French teacher, anarchist, and feminist.

## Life

Born in Gemaingoutte on 14 February 1877, Julia Bertrand taught through the early 1900s. She participated in the founding of the national teachers' union (Fédération nationale des syndicats d’instituteurs, FNSI). Bertrand wrote for the short-lived socialist and feminist journal La Femme enfranchie and the anarchist journal La Vrille. She participated in a number of pacifist, feminist, and anarchist actions, and taught at Sebastien Faure's La Ruche school. Bertrand died in Fontenay-aux-Roses on 25 March 1960.