OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Quantum tunneling of water

The quantum tunneling of water occurs when water molecules in nanochannels exhibit quantum tunneling behavior that smears out the positions of the hydrogen atoms into a pair of correlated rings. In that state, the water molecules become delocalized around a ring and assume an unusual double top-like shape. At low temperatures, the phenomenon showcases the quantum motion of water through the separating potential walls, which is forbidden in classical mechanics, but allowed in quantum mechanics.
The quantum tunneling of water occurs under ultraconfinement in rocks, soil and cell walls. The phenomenon is predicted to help scientists better understand the thermodynamic properties and behavior of water in confined environments such as water diffusion, transport in the channels of cell membranes and in carbon nanotubes.

## History

Quantum tunneling in water was reported as early as 1992. At that time it was known that motions can destroy and regenerate the weak hydrogen bond by internal rotations of the substituent water monomers.
On 18 March 2016, it was reported that the hydrogen bond can be broken by quantum tunneling in the water hexamer. Unlike previously reported tunneling motions in water, this involved the concerted breaking of two hydrogen bonds.
On 22 April 2016, the journal Physical Review Letters reported the quantum tunneling of water molecules as demonstrated at the Spallation Neutron Source and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. First indications of this phenomenon were seen by scientists from Russia and Germany in 2013 based on the splitting of terahertz absorption lines of a water molecule captured in five-ångström channels in beryl. Subsequently it was directly observed using neutron scattering and analyzed by ab initio simulations. In a beryl channel, the water molecule can occupy six symmetrical orientations, in agreement with the known crystal structure. A single orientation has the oxygen atom approximately in the center of the channel, with the two hydrogens pointing to the same side toward one of the channel’s six hexagonal faces. Other orientations point to other faces, but are separated from each other by energy barriers of around 50 meV. These barriers, however, do not stop the hydrogens from tunneling among the six orientations and thus split the ground state energy into multiple levels.
# Wayne Scott Kermond

Wayne Scott Kermond is an Australian musical theatre performer.
He was born into a show business family. His grandfather, Gordon (1910–1997), and his uncles Norman (1920–2016) and Eric "Tibby" – The Kermond Brothers – were Tivoli performers and his parents (Warren and Pamela) were also performers.
Kermond started an apprenticeship at Hawker De Havilland at Bankstown Airport, then worked backstage at the Theatre Royal in Sydney.
In 1982, Kermond played Tom Thumb in the musical Barnum. He then played Baby John and Arab in West Side Story, Waxy Collins in Sydney Theatre Company's Jonah Jones, and Mike in A Chorus Line. He played Cosmo Brown in the Australian and Asian tour of Singin' in the Rain which commenced in 2001. For The Production Company, Kermond played Max Bialystock in The Producers, Moonface Martin in Anything Goes (and the subsequent national tour for Opera Australia) and the Modern Major General in The Pirates Of Penzance.
His television and film credits include The Shiralee, The Heroes and its sequel Heroes II: The Return and Kings in Grass Castles. He was a principal motion capture performer on the animated films Happy Feet and Happy Feet Two.

## Awards

He received a Green Room Award for male artist in a leading role for The Producers, and has been nominated for the Helpmann Award for Best Male Actor in a Musical for Singin' in the Rain and The Producers.

### Mo Awards

The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. Wayne Scott Kermond won six awards in that time.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result (wins only) |
| 2001 | Wayne Scott Kermond | Male Musical Theatre Performer of the Year | Won |
| 2004 | Wayne Scott Kermond | Variety Performer of the Year | Won |
| 2006 | Wayne Scott Kermond | Dance Performer of the Year | Won |
| 2007 | Wayne Scott Kermond | Male Musical Theatre Performer of the Year | Won |
| 2008 | Wayne Scott Kermond | Male Musical Theatre Performer of the Year | Won |
| 2008 | Wayne Scott Kermond | Versatile Performer of the Year | Won |
# Dzogchen Rinpoche

Dzogchen Rinpoche (Tibetan: ཛོགས་ཆེན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ, Wylie: rdzogs chen rin po che) is the head lama of Dzogchen Monastery, one of the largest monasteries in eastern Tibet which was destroyed in 1959 and rebuilt in the 1980s.
The current Dzogchen Rinpoche, who is enumerated as the seventh in the lineage of mindstream 'emanations' (Sanskrit: nirmanakaya), 'Jikme Losal Wangpo' (Tibetan: འཇིགས་མེད་བློ་གསལ་དབང་པོ, Wylie: 'jigs med blo gsal dbang po), was born in Gangtok, Sikkim in 1964, as the younger brother of Sogyal Rinpoche. He was enthroned by Dodrupchen Rinpoche at the Royal Palace in Gangtok 1972. He went on to study at the Institute of Dialectics in Dharamsala, where his education was closely supervised by the 14th Dalai Lama. His main teachers include Dodrupchen Rinpoche, Dudjom Rinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche. He established a Dzogchen Monastery in exile, in Kollegal, South India, which was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama in 1992.
# Robert Walker (Newton Heath footballer)

Robert Walker was an English footballer. His regular position was at full back. He played for Newton Heath during the 1898-99 season.
# Chaskele (film)

Chaskele is a 2018 Ghanaian movie directed and written by Cornelius Phanthomas also known as Kobi Rana.

## Cast

* Fella Makafui
* Liwin
* Kalsoume Sinare
* Richmond Xavier Amoako (Lawyer Nti)
* Reverend Bernard Nyarko
* Ian Wordi
# Vitez City Stadium

Vitez City Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the home ground of Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina side Vitez. The stadium has capacity of 3,500 spectators.
Last reconstruction of the stadium was conducted in 2013.
# Gvetadze

Gvetadze is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Nino Gvetadze, Georgian pianist
* Razhden Gvetadze (1897–1952), Georgian Soviet writer and translator
* Sopio Gvetadze (born 1983), Georgian chess grandmaster
# Pierre-François Levasseur

Pierre-François Levasseur, called "the older" (11 March 1753 – 23 December 1815) was a French classical cellist.

## Biography

Born in Abbeville, Levasseur was initially destined for the priesthood, Levasseur studied to enter the orders. At eighteen he renounced the ecclesiastical state to become a musician. For three months he received lessons from an obscure master named Belleval, and then studied the cello alone.
Arriving in Paris around 1782, he received a few lessons Duport the older, of whom he imitated the manner and acquired the fine quality of sound. In 1789 he played concertos by Duport the younger at the concert spirituel. Later heperformed in the orchestra of the Théâtre Feydeau. He entered the opera orchestra in 1785 and obtained his retirement pension in 1815 after thirty years of service and at the age of sixty-eight. He died soon after.
# Erskine Neale

Erskine Neale (1804–1883) was an English clergyman and author.

## Life

Born on 12 March 1804, he was son of Adam Neale and Margaret Young, and brother of William Johnson Neale. He was educated at Westminster School 1815–16, and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1828, and M.A. 1832.
On 24 June 1828 Neale became lecturer of St. Hilda's Church, Jarrow, county Durham. He was appointed vicar of Adlingfleet, Yorkshire, on 19 October 1835, rector of Kirton, Suffolk, in 1844, and vicar of Exning with Lanwade, Suffolk, in 1854.
Neale collected autographs. His knowledge of handwriting led to his being subpœnaed on the part of the crown at the trial of Ryves v. the Attorney-General in June 1866, when it was sought without success to establish the claim of Olivia Serres, the mother of Lavinia Ryves, to be the Princess Olive of Cumberland. He died at Exning vicarage on 23 November 1883, after an incumbency of 29 years.

## Works

In his day Neale was a well-known author. His major work was The Closing Scene, or Christianity and Infidelity contrasted in the Last Hours of Remarkable Persons (1st ser., 1848; 2nd ser., 1849); it ran to several editions, and was reprinted in America. He was also author of:
* The Living and the Dead, 1827; 2nd ser., 1829.
* Reason for Supporting the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1830.
* Sermons on the Dangers and Duties of a Christian, 1830.
* Whychotte of St. John's, or the Court, the Camp, the Quarter-Deck, and the Cloister, 1833, 2 vols.
* The Life-Book of a Labourer: Essays, 1839; 2nd edit., 1850.
* The Bishop's Daughter, 1842; 2nd edit., 1853.
* Self-Sacrifice, or the Chancellor's Chaplain, 1844; 2nd edit., 1858.
* Experiences of a Gaol Chaplain, 1847, 3 vols.; three editions. This was a work of fiction.
* The Track of the Murderer marked out by an Invisible Hand: Reflections suggested by the Case of the Mannings, 1849. On the Marie Manning murder case.
* Scenes where the Tempter has triumphed, 1849.
* The Life of Edward, Duke of Kent, 1850; 2nd edit., 1850.
* The Earthly Resting Place of the Just, 1851.
* The Riches that bring no Sorrow, 1852.
* The Summer and Winter of the Soul, 1852.
* Risen from the Ranks, or Conduct versus Caste, 1853.
* My Comrade and my Colours, or Men who know not when they are beaten, 1854.
* The Old Minor Canon, or a Life of Struggle and a Life of Song, 1854; 2nd edit., 1858.
* Sunsets and Sunshine, or Varied Aspects of Life, including notices of Lola Montes, James Neild, William Hone, and William Cobbett, 1862.
# Quercus rugosa

Quercus rugosa, commonly known as the netleaf oak, is a broad-leaved tree in the beech and oak family Fagaceae. It is native to southern North America.

## Description

Quercus rugosa is an evergreen shrub or tree. The bark is brown and scaly. The leaves are thick and leathery, rarely flat, usually cupped, up to 15 centimetres (6 inches) long, dark green on the top but covered with a thick of reddish-brown hairs on the underside. The young leaves are also very hairy and usually red or yellow.

## Name

Quercus rugosa is Latin for "wrinkled oak". In Spanish it has many common names, like "encino negro" (black oak) or "encino quiebra hacha" (axe-breaking oak). Colloquially it is known as "chaparro", a word which has also passed into the lexicon as slang for a short person.

## Distribution

It is widespread in Mexico, Guatemala and the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas). It grows extensively in the temperate highlands of central Mexico, particularly on hillsides and in narrow gorges, between 1,800 and 2,900 meters elevation. It is associated and usually coexists with other oaks, alders, pines and Texas madrones.
# Pekka Vilmi

Pekka Alfred Vilmi (1 October 1915 – 16 February 1999) was a Finnish politician, born in Simo. He was a Member of the Parliament of Finland from 1963 to 1979, representing the Agrarian League, which renamed itself the Centre Party in 1965.
# Pammene gallicana

Pammene gallicana is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1845.
It is native to Europe and the Palearctic.
The wingspan is 10–13 mm. The forewings are fairly dark brown with irregular, silvery cross stripes. The hindwings are light brown.
This species is found primarily on the coast. The adults fly in July–August, mostly during the day. The larvae feed on Daucus carota, Angelica sylvestris and Pastinaca sativa inside silken webs.
# German rocket propelled bombs of World War II

During the Second World War, the Luftwaffe developed a series of unguided rocket-propelled armor-piercing bombs. The three main types were the PC 500 Rs, PC 1000 Rs, and PC 1800 Rs. PC from Panzersprengbombe Cylindrisch ("armor piercing cylindrical bomb") the number from the approximate weight of the bomb in kilograms, and Rs meaning rocket propelled. These bombs were intended to be used against armored ships or similar targets. The purpose of the rocket propulsion was to increase the terminal velocity of the bomb and aid penetration.

## Construction

The three types were similarly constructed with a warhead, spacer, and tail sections:
* Warhead – The warhead was of similar construction to other bombs of the period with thin-walled construction and the filling consisted of alternating layers of high and low-quality TNT. The explosive filling was poured through the base of the warhead. The base of the warhead was threaded and it screwed into the spacer.
* Spacer – The purpose of the spacer was to separate the tail unit from the warhead and it contained a delayed action base fuze for detonating the bomb and a black powder ignition charge. The spacer was also threaded and screwed into the tail unit.
* Tail section – The tail section consists of the following parts: pressure chamber, six venturi tubes, six metal spacers at each end of the pressure chamber, and a spring-loaded pressure release valve. The pressure chamber contained 19 sticks of diglycol dinitrate solid-rocket fuel with the propellant gasses being vented through six venturi tubes that were sealed with pitch until ignited. The pressure chamber also has a spring-loaded pressure release valve in the center for safety. The tail unit also had a total of 12 fins with 4 large fins and 8 small fins for stability.

## Operation

The bombs are normally released from a minimum height of 1,200 m (4,000 ft). When the bomb is released an electrical charge is sent to the charging head. This charge is then passed on to both the pyrotechnic fuze and the impact fuze arming the bomb. The pyrotechnic delay is immediately ignited and after 3 or 4 seconds it burns through to the black powder igniter. The solid-rocket propellant burns for three seconds and produces a trail of flame 46 m (150 ft) long. When the bomb hits the target its delayed action base fuze is triggered and the bomb explodes after penetrating the target.

## Variants

| Designation | Weight | Diameter | Overall length | Body length | Explosive weight |
| PC 500 RS | 490 kg (1,080 lb) | 28 cm (11 in) | 208 cm (6 ft 10 in) | 84 cm (2 ft 9 in) | 14 kg (30 lb 14 oz) |
| PC 1000 RS | 987 kg (2,176 lb) | 36 cm (1 ft 2 in) | 224 cm (7 ft 4 in) | 112 cm (3 ft 8 in) | 54 kg (119 lb 1 oz) |
| PC 1800 RS | 2,057 kg (4,535 lb) | 53 cm (1 ft 9 in) | 269 cm (8 ft 10 in) | 169 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 360 kg (794 lb) |

## Gallery

* PC 500 RS
* PC 1000 RS
* PC 1800 RS
# Electric motor brake

An electric motor brake (commonly referred to as an electric brake) is a safety feature incorporated into many modern power tools, such as circular saws, drills, and miter saws. Many manufacturers implement this feature into tools specifically with a spinning blade or cutter.

## Usage in corded tools

An electric brake is commonly used in corded tools such as circular saws, miter saws, routers, bandsaws, angle grinders, and more recently, table saws. These mechanisms are designed to prevent injuries resulting from things like kickback or skin-to-blade contact. The way these mechanisms work are almost universally the same; when the trigger or switch is released, the polarity of the electricity running to the motor's brushes is reversed, which decelerates the motor to a stop much quicker than it otherwise would. In circular saws, this feature can reduce the risk of the saw jolting backwards when the saw is set down, as well as prevent damage to the cord or the user. In other tools (such as miter saws or table saws), the brake can reduce the risk of injury to an operator's fingers or hands when the saw is switched off (such as when grabbing a scrap piece off the table). The disadvantage of this feature is that it wears the brushes prematurely when compared to non-brake tools. The first use of an electric brake on a tool was that of the miter saw, invented in 1964 by Ed Niehaus, a tool engineer for Rockwell Tools. Since then, a number of manufacturers have incorporated brakes into their power tools.

## Usage in cordless tools

Electric brakes on cordless tools have been prevalent since the invention of the first cordless drill by Makita in 1969. They are found on most cordless tools, with the exception of cordless vacuums and blowers, etc., where such a feature offers no benefit. The way the brake on cordless tools works is slightly different than in corded models; when the switch is released, the motor terminals are shorted together, causing the motor to stop almost instantly by dissipating the rotational energy in the windings. This method is practical for the small permanent-magnet motors in cordless tools, which have low inertia, and is applicable to both brushed and brushless variants. This would not work on corded tools, as they generally use wound field magnets instead of permanent magnets.
# Leon Dunne

Leon Dunne (born 7 March 1975) is an Australian freestyle swimmer.

## Career

Dunne first competed for Australia at the 1999 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Hong Kong where he competed in the 50 metre butterfly.
At the 2002 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Moscow, Dunne finished 13th in the 200 metre freestyle in 1:47.51 and 27th in the 100 metre individual medley in 56.72. In the relays, Dunne with Antony Matkovich, Robert van der Zant and Todd Pearson finished first in the heats of the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay in 3:15.32 with Dunne swimming the opening leg in 49.54. In the final, Dunne and Van der Zant were replaced with Ashley Callus and Adam Pine who finished in 4th place in 3:11.38. In the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay, Dunne with Pearson, Ray Hass and Grant Hackett won gold in a new championship record time of 7:00.36 with Dunne swimming the third leg in 1:45.31.
At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, Dunne with Hackett, Jason Cram and Ian Thorpe won gold in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay in new Games record time of 7:11.69. In the 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay, Dunne with Callus, Pine and Pearson finished first in the heats with a time of 3:20.70. In the final, Dunne and Pine were replaced with Hackett and Thorpe who won gold in a Games record time of 3:16.42.
At the 2002 Pan Pacific Championships in Yokohama, Japan, Dunne finished 15th in the 200 metre freestyle in 1:51.61 and equal 18th in the 100 metre freestyle in 51.12.
# Ghost (Third Eye Foundation album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Almost Cool | 7.5/10 |
| NME | 7/10 |
Ghost is a studio album by Matt Elliott, released under the moniker The Third Eye Foundation. It was originally released on Domino Recording Company in 1997.

## Critical reception

Keith Farley of AllMusic gave the album 3 stars out of 5, saying, "A focus on warped guitar noise and the odd, untraceable samples place Ghost in similar territory to earlier Third Eye material, though 'Corpses as Bedmates' and 'The Star's Gone Out' reveal a few interesting drum'n'bass patterns." Peter Margasak of Chicago Reader said, "Elliot channels in dense, often harsh, slate-gray soundscapes that frequently rumble with hyperactive rhythm programming." Mike Goldsmith of NME gave the album 7 stars out of 10, saying "Uncomfortable bedfellows for sure, and hardly easy listening, but apparently that's the idea. Whether these are meditations on the past or (somewhat more worryingly) visions of the future, 'Ghost' remains deliciously spooky stuff and the precursor of hopefully stranger things to come. Enter at your peril".
# Chayu mountain vole

The Chayu mountain vole (Neodon chayuensis) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in China.
# Electric line

Electric line may refer to:
* Electrical wiring
* Overhead lines that power a railway
** Metra Electric Line, a commuter rail line serving the Chicago area
* Wireline (cabling), a cabling technology where a current is sent to downhole logging tools in oil well exploration and completions
# AP9

AP9, AP-9, AP.9, AP 9, or variant may refer to:
* Autopista AP-9, an expressway in Galicia, Spain
* Seversky AP-9, USAAC fighter
* USS Zeilin (AP-9), US Navy World War II Harris-class attack transport
* AA Arms AP-9 semi-automatic 9mm pistol
* FEG AP9 semi-automatic 9mm pistol
* (47091) 1999 AP$_9$, AP9 asteroid discovered in 1999, the 47091st asteroid ever discovered
* AP.9 (rap artist) aka Bishop Shakur (born 1974), American rap artist
# Goya Jaekel

Goya Jaekel (born 25 October 1974) is a former professional German football player.

## Playing career

Jaekel, a striker by trade, represented Germany at the 1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship, scoring two goals in four games before being knocked out in the quarter-finals by Spain.
He signed for Hertha BSC in 1995 after coming through the ranks of local Berliner teams BFC Viktoria 1889 and BFC Preussen. At the end of the 1994–95 2. Bundesliga season, he made two substitute appearances for Hertha at the Olympic Stadium. Following spells at Kickers Emden and SC Verl in the latter half of the 1990s, the forward signed for Tennis Borussia Berlin and made 12 appearances for the Veilchen in the Regionalliga-Nord. Jaekel later played for SV Tasmania-Gropiusstadt 1973 and VfB Concordia Britz before moving back to his youth team BFC Viktoria 1889 and saw out the twilight of his playing career in the Brandenburg-Liga for Prignitzer Kuckuck Kickers.
# Mordellistena pratensis

Mordellistena pratensis is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Smith in 1883.
# Montloué

Montloué (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Aglaia cinnamomea

Aglaia cinnamomea is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is found in Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Although it was treated as a separate species in a 1998 assessment by the IUCN Red List, other sources include it within Aglaia elliptica.
# Panassac

Panassac (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.
# Paul Vacher

Paul Vacher (pronounced) (1902 – 1975) was a French perfumer.
Vacher created Le Galion fragrances, trademarked in 1936. He worked at Guerlain, among other perfume houses. He is best known for his parts in the creations of Miss Dior for Christian Dior in 1947 with Jean Carles, and Arpège for Lanvin in 1927 with André Fraysse.
Until 1990, Le Galion created and distributed 24 fragrances, the best known of which was Sortilège.
# Pringle, Georgia

Pringle is an unincorporated community in Washington County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

A post office called Pringle was established in 1883, and remained in operation until 1903. The community was named after C.R. Pringle, a local resident.
# Bylina (disambiguation)

Bylina is a type of East Slavic epic narrative poem.
Bylina may also refer to:
* Bylina (airline)
* Bylina, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
* Bylina Overture by Vasily Kalinnikov
* Russian electronic warfare system
# Leptocroca porophora

Leptocroca porophora is a moth of the family Oecophoridae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1929. It is endemic to New Zealand. The classification of this moth within the genus Leptocroca is regarded as unsatisfactory and in need of revision. As such this species is currently also known as Leptocroca (s.l.) porophora.
# Phryganodes biguttata

Phryganodes biguttata is a species of moth in the family Crambidae that is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon and Sierra Leone. The species was first described by George Hampson in 1899.