OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Company registration in Ghana

Ghana has several business registration systems. Company registration is done by the Registrar General's Department, but this duty will be transferred to the new Office of the Registrar of Companies under the terms of the Companies Act, 2018. Both resident Ghanaian companies and branches of foreign companies are required to register and obtain a permit before operating in Ghana. In 2008-2009 procedures were simplified and the target is now to complete registration within one day.
# Kanera, Huzur

Kanera is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Huzur tehsil.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kanera has 104 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 70.74%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 440 | 230 | 210 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 64 | 31 | 33 |
| Scheduled caste | 163 | 80 | 83 |
| Scheduled tribe | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Literates | 266 | 166 | 100 |
| Workers (all) | 242 | 142 | 100 |
| Main workers (total) | 83 | 75 | 8 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 64 | 61 | 3 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 13 | 8 | 5 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 159 | 67 | 92 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 39 | 9 | 30 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 119 | 58 | 61 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Non-workers | 198 | 88 | 110 |
# Growing context-sensitive grammar

In formal language theory, a growing context-sensitive grammar is a context-sensitive grammar in which the productions increase the length of the sentences being generated. These grammars are thus noncontracting and context-sensitive. A growing context-sensitive language is a context-sensitive language generated by these grammars.
In these grammars the "start symbol" S does not appear on the right hand side of any production rule and the length of the right hand side of each production exceeds the length of the left side, unless the left side is S.
These grammars were introduced by Dahlhaus and Warmuth. They were later shown to be equivalent to the acyclic context-sensitive grammars. Membership in any growing context-sensitive language is polynomial time computable; however, the uniform problem of deciding whether a given string belongs to the language generated by a given growing or acyclic context-sensitive grammar is NP-complete.
# Pandanus concretus

Pandanus concretus is a dioecious tree in the screwpine genus. It is endemic to Madagascar, found in Toliara province. Pandanus concretus is the accepted name, but it has also been called Pandanus centrifugalis, P. dauphinensis, P. erectus and P. madagascarensis.

## Description

Pandanus concretus (as described by St. John under the proposed name P. centrifugalis) is a tree up to 10 m tall with brown bark and a trunk up to 20 cm in diameter. The trunk is armed with sharp, conic spines. The crown of the tree is wide. Below the crown are branchlets 8.5 cm in diameter. Leaves are 9-11 cm wide, 1.58- 1.65 m long and without cross-veins, except near the base. Edges and midribs of the leaves are armed with spines to 6–8 mm long. P. concretus usually has no prop roots, but when present, they are light brown with short spines and up to 1 m long and 2.5 cm in diameter.

### Flowers and fruit

The flower clusters are erect spikes borne at the ends of branches. Each spike has nine fruits (syncarps) attached in three rows. Fruits are 12- 15.5 cm long and nearly cylindrical. The fruits have a pleasant scent, but may be irritating when eaten.

## Distribution and habitat

The trees are found on the coastal plains of lIe Sainte Marie, off the east coast of Madagascar, associated with sand flats, lateritic soils or basalt gravels. Although the area is heavily agricultural, P. concretus is a vigorous tree and a main component of secondary forests.

## Uses

Dried leaves are plaited to make floor mats, baskets etc.

## Conservation Status

Although populations are declining, there are 25 known sub-populations and the species occurs in six protected areas, so it has been assessed as "Least Concern". Threats include clearing of native habitats for agriculture or mining as well as direct harvest for wood.

## Taxonomy

Pandanus concretus is a member of the section Daupbinensia. P. dauphinensis Martelli is its closest relative.
# Blow Your Face Out

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Blow Your Face Out is the second live album by American rock band the J. Geils Band, released in 1976.

## Recording

The album was recorded at two concerts held in November 1975. The first show was at the Boston Garden in the band's hometown (Boston, Massachusetts) on November 15, and recorded by Record Plant East Remote with David Hewitt. The second was recorded by Metro Audio Detroit four nights later at Cobo Hall in Detroit, Michigan, the same city where the band's other two live albums "Live" Full House (1972) and Showtime! (1982) were also recorded.

## Track listing

All songs written by Seth Justman and Peter Wolf, except where noted.
Side One
* "Southside Shuffle" – 4:16
* "Back to Get Ya" – 4:38
* "Shoot Your Shot" (Junior Walker, James Graves, Lawrence Horn) – 3:56
* "Musta Got Lost" – 6:34
Side Two
* "Where Did Our Love Go" (Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, Eddie Holland Jr.) – 4:00
* "Truck Drivin' Man" (Terry Fell) – 1:52
* "Love-Itis" (Harvey Scales, Albert Vance) – 4:05
* "Lookin' for a Love" (J. W. Alexander, Zelda Samuels) – 2:06
* "Ain't Nothin' but a Houseparty" (Del Sharh, Joe Thomas) – 5:04
Side Three
* "So Sharp" (Arlester "Dyke" Christian) – 2:38
* "Detroit Breakdown" – 6:25
* "Chimes" – 8:56
Side Four
* "Sno-Cone" (Albert Collins) – 3:04
* "Wait" – 3:44
* "Raise Your Hand" (Steve Cropper, Eddie Floyd, Alvertis Isbell) – 4:08
* "Start All Over" – 2:21
* "Give It to Me" – 6:52
The track listing on the original release has several incorrect song titles. "Must of Got Lost" is listed as "Musta Got Lost", "Lookin' for a Love" as "Intro:", "Start All Over Again" as "Start All Over", and "Ain't Nothin' but a Houseparty" as "Houseparty". "Musta Got Lost" is possibly a simple error, but the other two are seemingly stylistic choices, as the label on the record notes the real titles of the songs in parentheses.

## Personnel

* Peter Wolf – vocals
* J. Geils – guitar
* Magic Dick – harmonica
* Seth Justman – keyboards, vocals
* Danny Klein – bass
* Stephen Jo Bladd – drums, vocals

## Charts

| Chart (1976) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 40 |
# Payena longipedicellata

Payena longipedicellata is a tree in the family Sapotaceae. The specific epithet longipedicellata means 'long pedicel', referring to the flower.

## Description

Payena longipedicellata grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 60 cm (24 in). The bark is black. The inflorescences bear up to three flowers. The fruits are ovoid, and measure up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Payena longipedicellata is native to Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Its habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests.

## Conservation

Payena longipedicellata has been assessed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. It is at risk from conversion of its habitat for palm oil plantations. The species is present in Peninsular Malaysia's Taman Negara national park, which affords a level of protection here.
# Remedie (Sorrowful Angels album)

Remedie is the third album of the band Sorrowful Angels. It was recorded between May and July 2015. All music and lyrics are credited to Dion Christodoulatos.
# Char Decree

Char Decree is a village in Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.
# Bread and Circuses (disambiguation)

Bread and circuses was how the Roman poet Juvenal characterized the imperial leadership's way of placating the masses.
Bread and Circuses may also refer to:

## Literature

* "The Code of Romulus" or "Bread and Circuses", a 2007 short story by Caroline Lawrence

## Music

* Tropicália: ou Panis et Circenses, an album by members of the Tropicalismo movement
* Bread and Circuses (Colosseum album), 1997
* Bread and Circuses (Graham Collier album), 2002
* Bread and Circuses (The View album), 2011
* Bread & Circus (Toad the Wet Sprocket album), 1989
* The Greatest Story Never Told Chapter 2: Bread and Circuses, a 2012 album by rapper Saigon
* "Bread and Circuses", the opening track of Harmony No Harmony by British post-hardcore band Million Dead

## Television

* "Bread and Circuses" (Star Trek: The Original Series), a 1968 episode of Star Trek
* "Bread and Circuses" (Hell on Wheels), a 2011 episode of Hell on Wheels
* "Bread and Circuses" (The Last Ship), a 2017 episode of The Last Ship
# L'Italiano (magazine)

L'Italiano was a weekly literary and arts magazine that existed between 1926 and 1942 in Italy. Its full title was L'italiano: rivista settimanale della gente fascista. It is one of the magazines founded and edited by the well-known Italian journalist Leo Longanesi. Its subtitle was Foglio della Rivoluzione Fascista (Italian: Publication of the Fascist Revolution), and its motto was "Mussolini is always right" which was also adopted and employed by the Fascist regime.

## History and profile

L'Italiano was established by Leo Longanesi in Bologna in 1926. Its first issue appeared on 14 January that year. In the initial period it was published on a biweekly basis, and the first eight issues heavily covered political writings. From 1927 L'Italiano Editore founded by Leo Longanesi became the publisher of L'Italiano. The headquarters of L'Italiano was moved to Rome. It ceased publication at the end of 1942.
# Minimum resolvable temperature difference

Minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) is a measure for assessing the performance of infrared cameras, and is inversely proportional to the modulation transfer function.
Typically, an operator is asked to assess the minimum temperature difference at which a 4-bar target can be resolved. This minimum difference will change with the spatial frequency of the bar target used. A curve of MRTD against spatial frequency is obtained which characterises the performance of the imaging system.
Modern infrared imaging systems can have low spatial frequency MRTDs of tens of millikelvins.

## Manual test

A manual subjective test is implemented to determine the MRTD. An operator uses a series of 4-bar targets of different spatial frequencies. For each target he/she adjusts the blackbody, (source of Infrared radiation), temperature up and down until the pattern is "just resolvable." The positive and negative temperature differences are stored into a two dimensional array. The corresponding spatial frequencies used in each test are also stored into an array. The MRTD curve is a plot of these arrays (just resolvable temperature difference versus target spatial frequency). From the experimental MRTD data, a general polynomial best fit is calculated and the result is the MRTD curve which gives direct insight into the quality of the image. i.e. the infrared camera's ability to resolve detail, in this case temperature.

### Calculations

    $F(x)={\frac {\Delta \,t(i)}{f_{s}(i)}}$, the MRTD curve
       $\Delta \,t(i)$ = array of just resolvable temperature differences
       $f_{s}(i)\,\!$ = array of spatial frequencies

## Minimum detectable temperature difference

Minimum detectable temperature difference (MDTD), also called minimum detectable temperature (MDT), is not the same phenomenon as MRTD and is only subtly different. Like MRTD, it is a measure of the performance of infrared cameras. However, MDTD is a measure of visibility, not resolvability.

### Manual test

The manual subjective test for MDTD is similar to the one for MRTD. A trained operator views a series of pinhole targets at different spatial frequencies. For each series of pinhole targets the operator ramps the blackbody (source of IR radiation) up and down until the targets are "just visible". The data at which the pinhole targets are "just visible" is stored into an array and plotted against spatial frequency, and a curve is fitted to the data. The MDTD curve is thus defined as the $\Delta \,$ temperature versus spatial frequency.
Here the relevant spatial frequency is f = 1/W where W is the angular subtense of the target.
# Gazibey Dam

Gazibey Dam is a dam in Turkey. The development was backed by the Turkish State Hydraulic Works.
# Demoan

Demoan (from Irish Déagh-Móin, meaning 'good bog') is a townland of 341 acres in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the civil parish of Ballymore and the historic barony of Orior Lower.
# Payena leerii

Payena leerii is a tree in the family Sapotaceae.

## Description

Payena leerii grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 60 cm (24 in). The bark is greyish brown. The inflorescences bear up to eight flowers. The fruits are conical and measure up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long. The tree is a source of high-quality gutta-percha.

## Distribution and habitat

Payena leerii is found widely in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi and the Philippines. Its habitat is coastal lowland forests to 650 m (2,100 ft) elevation.

## Conservation

Payena leerii has been assessed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List. It is at risk from conversion of its habitat for urban development and agriculture. The species is present in Borneo's Bako National Park, Kinabalu Park and Mount Palung National Park, which affords a level of protection in these places.
# Xanərəb

Xanərəb (also, Khanarab) is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,079.
# Oxycrepis rectangula

Oxycrepis rectangula is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in the United States.
# Donetta Davidson

Donetta L. Davidson was a member of the United States Election Assistance Commission and served as Secretary of State of Colorado. She was elected Chair of the EAC for 2010. She previously served as Chair in 2007 and Vice-Chair in 2008. Her term of service extended through December 12, 2011.

## Career

Before joining the EAC, Davidson served as a local election official in Colorado and was the secretary of state of Colorado from 1999 until 2005. A Republican, she was first appointed to the office in 1999 by Governor Bill Owens and was subsequently elected to the office in her own right in 2000 and was re-elected to a full four-year term in 2002.
As Secretary of State she gained both praise and criticism for cleaning up Colorado's voter rolls, a controversial move that resulted in nearly one in five names (19.4 percent) being deleted from the voting rolls.
In 2005 Davidson was elected President of the National Association of Secretaries of State. She also served on the Election Assistance Commission's Technical Guidelines Committee and on the Federal Election Commission's Advisory Panel.
# Karaca Pasha

Karaca Pasha (Karadja Pasha) was the Beylerbeyi of Rumelia during Mehmed the Conqueror's reign and played a role in the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. His nickname was dayı, meaning "uncle", as he was the brother of the mother of Cem Sultan, one of Mehmed's sons. He made a reputation for himself in the Battle of Varna during the reign of Murad II. He died during the siege of Belgrade in 1456. Karacabey District in Bursa is named after him.
# Green Street Counts

The Green Street Counts were a street gang in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The gang's turf centered at the corners of 21st and Green St. where their numbers were usually seen. They specialized in armed robbery, kidnapping, and weapons dealings.
According to Detective Captain James Kelly, they were, "the most menacing gang of teenagers" in Philadelphia. The Green Street Counts were active in the early 1950s. Around the same time (early to mid-1950s) another group of teenagers in Philadelphia took the name Green Street Counts (West). This group of teenagers led by Carlos were operating in a West Philadelphia neighborhood extending from 38th to 47th Streets and Walnut Street to Woodland Avenue. The Green Street Counts (West) were not affiliated with the Green Street Counts originally from the Fairmount section of Philadelphia.
Among the gang, Joseph "Blackie" Battel, would go on to serve a life sentence for a robbery murder. This put the Green Street Counts in local and national headlines. Along with his co-defendants, Blackie would receive a commutation from the PA Parole Board after serving a lengthy amount of time at the Eastern State Penitentiary. After their release the Counts would later connect with the K&A Gang of Philadelphia's Kensington section.
# Communist Left Youth

Communist Left Youth (in Spanish: Juventudes de Izquierda Comunista, in Catalan: Joventuts d'Esquerra Comunista) was a Spanish youth organization. It was the youth wing of the Organization of Communist Left (OIC), which in 1979 merged into the Communist Movement (MC). JIC was legally registered with the Interior Ministry (as a political party) on October 31, 1977.
# Demo mode

The demo mode (short for "demonstration mode", also sometimes mentioned as floor mode or kiosk mode) is a feature often found in consumer electronics. A demo mode is usually programmed into the floor model's firmware, which may be accessed by the pressing of a combination of keys and/or the launch of a program. Demo mode is usually activated by retail stores on their consumer electronics floor models. The demo mode may also be pre-enabled on the floor model. The purpose of a demo mode is threefold:
* It demonstrates the features of the unit in question
* It catches the eye of the consumer with a flashy show of lights, entertaining sound, or both.
* To reset or prevent malicious changes to the floor model.
The central idea behind a demo mode is in-store advertising, preview or premiere of the product.

## Usage

The mode itself is often present in the consumer electronics's system as a mode or a hidden file. It is not always present, but when it is, it is used in the floor models. The demo mode can be disabled ("unlocked") or enabled. The demo mode is present in phones, microwaves, TVs and other consumer electronics. The demo mode may also be available as a video or mode (like on the Sony Ericsson W610i), which can also be used as a placeholder when there's no SIM card installed. The demo mode may not be installed at all in the actual product, only as a floor model exclusive.

## Appearance

The demo mode itself may be a small video showing the features of the phone or a special version of the operating system (like on the PlayStation 3). The demo mode may also be unlocked or removed from the system by the user if that is allowed by the system without any intervention (like Android rooting or iOS jailbreaking). The demo mode may also be a core of the system, where removing it may break the system, in which case it should be "unlocked."
# Dysdercus concinnus

Dysdercus concinnus, known generally as the pale red bug or Turk's cap red bug, is a species of red bug in the family Pyrrhocoridae. It is found in Central America, North America, and South America.
# Research Institute of the Finnish Economy

ETLA Economic Research (Finnish: Elinkeinoelämän tutkimuslaitos, Swedish: Näringslivets forskningsinstitut), commonly known by its Finnish acronym ETLA or Etla, is a private, non-profit research institute based in Helsinki, Finland. It conducts independent, applied economic research into key issues affecting Finnish business and the national economy

## History

Etla was founded on August 1, 1946, when it was called the Economic Research Centre. Rapid postwar political and economic changes created a need for basic economic information throughout Finland. Soon its focus moved to long-term research studies, particularly economic growth and productivity. By the 1970s, Etla was producing regular economic forecasts. Today, Etla continues to maintain a steady output of reliable independent research on the Finnish economy.
Other Finnish research organisations in the same field, such as VATT Institute for Economic Research, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, and the Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE sometimes collaborate with Etla on various research projects. It also cooperates extensively with international research bodies, including universities, business colleges and other research institutes.
Etla shares its CEO, Board of Directors and financial administration with the Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA . They also occupy the same premises.

## Research activities

Etla follows two main themes: the impact of Finnish economic policy and the impact of megatrends emerging in around the world. These are addressed under four research areas:
* Labour market and education
* Growth, international trade and competition
* Macroeconomy and public finances
* Business renewal
Etlatieto Ltd is an Etla subsidiary that conducts externally-financed project research. Its core competence is business and industrial economics, with a particular interest in the global economy.

## Publications

Etla regularly publishes its research in books and reports, mostly in Finnish with English abstracts, but also fully in English, depending on the intended audience. Etla distributes its publications on its official website and through the websites of the organisations that fund its research. Research is also published in various peer-reviewed academic journals.
Economic forecasts are issued biannually in Etla’s Finnish-language Suhdanne ("Economic Trend") online magazine. A summary in English is published separately at the same time.

## Governance and funding

Etla’s activities are guided by a support association composed of six member organisations who provide about one third of its overall funding. Research is mostly funded by public agencies like the Academy of Finland and Business Finland, government ministries, the Nordic Council of Ministers, the European Commission, and private foundations.
Since March 2019, the CEO has been Aki Kangasharju. Etla employs around 40 people.
# Edwards County Courthouse and Jail

Edwards County Courthouse is located in the center of downtown Rocksprings, Texas. The Courthouse was built by architects Ben Davey and Bruno Schort in the Romanesque Revival Style. It is listed by the Texas Historical Society as a historical structure.
# Phoenix Project

Phoenix Project may refer to:
* Phoenix Project (Pentagon), a part of the Pentagon Renovation Program
* The Phoenix Project (film), a 2015 film directed by Tyler Graham Pavey
* The Phoenix Project: Shifting from Oil to Hydrogen, a book by Harry Braun
* Project Phoenix (SETI) or Phoenix Project, a search for extraterrestrial intelligence in radio signal patterns