OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# First Reserve Brigade (South Africa)

During the first two years of World War II, South Africa raised a variety of military units. In order to cope with protection of vulnerable points and guarding prisoners of war, the First Reserve Brigade was formed on 29 February 1940 initially with six battalions but later expanded to twelve battalions before being broken up at the end of 1943.

## Formation and function

The First Reserve Brigade was a South African second-line military unit raised in 1940, with brigade headquarters in Johannesburg under Colonel T Scott, who died in August 1941. He was succeeded by Colonel BC Judd OBE. The brigade drafted men of 'B' and 'C' Medical Categories primarily for guard duties at aerodromes. Ex-servicemen and others above the age of 35 but under 60 were accepted, and the brigade was run on a normal Active Citizen Force basis or fulI-time, as authorised. Detachments of the 1st Special Service Reserve Battalion were absorbed as full-time companies or platoons. On 11 July 1940 the SA Internment Battalion was absorbed and redesignated 6th Battalion, 1st Reserve Brigade, with Lt-Col Whelehen as battalion commander. Its primary responsibility was the security of internment camps at Baviaanspoort, which had 150 guards.
The brigade was organised with the 1st Battalion (the former 1st Special Service Reserve Battalion) in the Transvaal, with headquarters at Roberts Heights the 2nd Battalion in the Western Cape Province with its headquarters in Cape Town, the 3rd (Durban) in Natal, the 4th (Johannesburg) on the Witwatersrand and in the Orange Free State and the 5th (East London) in the Eastern Cape Province. Later battalions were the 7th, in the Kimberley district and the Orange Free State, and the 8th, on a basis similar to that of the 6th.
By 1942, after 2,800 men out of a total of 6,061 had been reclassified and transferred to other units, the brigade organisation was dissolved.
The following year four more battalions were formed, some serving in North Africa, while the 1st, 4th, 5th and 8th Battalions were broken up.
Battalion commanders up to 1943 were:
* 1st: Lt-Col G Allen MC
* 2nd: Lt-Col EW Woon DSO MC
* 3rd: Lt-Col J. Lauth DSO VD
* 4th: Lt-Col G. Durham, DSO ED
* 5th: Lt-Col JM Grant
* 6th: Lt-Col F Morland MC
* 7th: Lt-Col HF Champion AFC
* 8th: Lt-Col Hendrik Prinsloo, remembered for the humanitarian manner in which he, as Commandant, ran the Zonderwater Italian POW camp.
* 12th: Lt-Col Dudley Frank Smitheman OBE, ED
At the end of the war the need for the battalions fell away and they were disbanded.
# Darwin, Virginia

Darwin is an unincorporated community in Dickenson County, Virginia, in the United States.

## History

Darwin was named for the son of a postal official.
# Daulatpur, Firozabad

Daulatpur (Daulatpur) is a village in Kotla block of Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 4,508, in 554 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Daulatpur had a population of 4,508, in 554 households.$^{:102}$ This population was 67.5% male (3,043) and 32.5% female (1,465). The 0-6 age group numbered 488 (262 male and 226 female), making up 10.8% of the total population. 856 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 19.0% of the total.$^{:98–9}$
The 1981 census recorded Daulatpur as having a population of 1,159 people (624 male and 535 female), in 178 households and 178 physical houses.$^{:190–1}$
The 1961 census recorded Daulatpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 698 people (373 male and 325 female), in 122 households and 89 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 487 acres.$^{:xcii}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Daulatpur had 3 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:102–7}$
# Daulatpur, Kapurthala

Daulatpur is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Daulatpur. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch.

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Daulatpur has a total number of 26 houses and population of 128 of which include 68 males and 60 females. Literacy rate of Daulatpur is 79.41%, higher than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 26 which is 20.31% of total population of Daulatpur, and child sex ratio is approximately 1000, higher than state average of 846.

## Caste

The village has schedule caste (SC) constitutes 39.06% of total population of the village and it doesn't have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population,

## Population data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 26 | - | - |
| Population | 128 | 68 | 60 |
| Child (0-6) | 26 | 13 | 13 |
| Schedule Caste | 50 | 27 | 23 |
| Schedule Tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literacy | 79.41% | 80.00% | 78.72% |
| Total Workers | 34 | 29 | 5 |
| Main Worker | 30 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal Worker | 4 | 2 | 2 |

## Air travel connectivity

The closest airport to the village is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.
# Daulatpur, Manikganj

Daulatpur is a town in Daulatpur Upazila of Manikganj District in the Dhaka Division of central Bangladesh. The town is best known for being hit by the deadliest tornado in world history, the Daulatpur–Saturia tornado, which killed hundreds of people.
# COX4I1

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial (COX4I1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the COX4I1 gene. COX4I1 is a nuclear-encoded isoform of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit 4. Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, acting as the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Antibodies against COX4 can be used to identify the inner membrane of mitochondria in immunofluorescence studies. Mutations in COX4I1 have been associated with COX deficiency and Fanconi anemia.

## Structure

COX4I1 is located on the q arm of chromosome 16 in position 24.1 and has 6 exons. The COX4I1 gene produces a 9.3 kDa protein composed of 83 amino acids. COX4I1 is expressed ubiquitously. The protein encoded by COX4I1 belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase IV family. COX4I1 has a transit peptide domain and acetyl and phosphoprotein amino acid modifications. It is located at the 3' of the NOC4 (neighbor of COX4) gene in a head-to-head orientation and shares a promoter with it.

## Function

COX4I1 encodes a protein that is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is an isoform of the nuclear-encoded subunit IV of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport. Complex IV is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The expression of COX4I1, along with COX4I2, may be regulated by oxygen levels, with reduced levels of oxygen leading to increased COX4I2 expression and COX4I1 degradation. This suggests a role for COX4I1 in the optimization of the electron transfer chain under different conditions.

## Clinical Significance

Although relatively little is known about the function of COX4I1, mutations in this gene have been associated with mitochondrial complex IV diseases with severe phenotypes. Among these, COX deficiency and Fanconi anemia have been suspected and linked to mutations in the COX4I1 gene. Clinical features of pathogenic variants of COX4I1 can include short stature, poor weight gain, mild dysmorphic features, mental retardation, spastic paraplegia, severe epilepsy, a narrow and arched palate, malar hypoplasia, little subcutaneous fat, and arachnodactyly. The homozygous mutation K101N and a de novo 16q24.1 interstitial duplication have been found to cause defective COX4I1.

## Interactions

COX4I1 has 153 protein-protein interactions with 142 of them being co-complex interactions. COX4I1 has been found to interact with SDCBP, MT-CO1, IKBKE, TMBIM4, and MCL1.
# COX18, cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor

COX18, cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COX18 gene.

## Function

This gene encodes a cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein. The encoded protein is essential for integral membrane protein insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane. It is also required for cytochrome c oxidase assembly and activity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014].
# Cafe Continental (Australian TV series)

Cafe Continental was an Australian television variety series which aired from 1958 to 1961 on ABC. Hosted by Czech-born entertainer Hal Wayne, it featured guests of a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds and aired fortnightly, alternating with Hal Lashwood's Alabama Jubilee, a minstrel series. Producers of the series were Harry Pringle (1958–60) and Peter Page (1961). The series featured a Café setting and was broadcast live. It is not confirmed how many episodes still exist, but at least seven episodes are held by the National Film and Sound Archive, and an additional episode may be held by National Archives of Australia.
In an extant 1959 episode, the guests included Brazilian dancer Yvonne Huggman, clarinettist Reuben Solomon, Terry Carr and his dog, ventriloquist Dennis Spicer, singer Wilhelmina Bermingham, and dancers The Cossack Duo, while a 1960 episode featured Quintetto Di Toppano, dance duo Les Girls, French Apache dancers The Rivieras, a Croatian folk lore group, singer Theresa Leung Ping, and a one-man-juggling act named Chang.
# Dave Turner (footballer, born 1943)

David John Turner (born 7 September 1943) is an English former professional footballer who made more than 300 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half or midfielder for Newcastle United, Brighton & Hove Albion and Blackburn Rovers.

## Life and career

Turner was born in Retford, Nottinghamshire. He played schools football for his county, and joined Newcastle United straight from school. He turned professional in 1960, and was a member of the team that won the 1961–62 FA Youth Cup. He made his first-team debut on the last day of the 1961–62 Football League season, a 3–0 defeat at home to Leeds United in the Second Division, and appeared twice more before moving on to Brighton & Hove Albion in December 1963 for a £4,500 fee.
He soon established himself in the team, and settled so well that he was appointed captain during the 1966–67 season. Despite knee injuries that affected his last couple of seasons with the club, and a loan spell at Portsmouth while Brian Bromley was on loan the other way, he took his totals to 30 goals from exactly 300 appearances in the Football League, 34 from 338 in all first-team competitions. He was given a free transfer at the end of the 1971–72 season, and spent two years at Blackburn Rovers before the knee problems forced his retirement.

## Managerial career

Turner spent time on the coaching staff of Sheffield United and Aldershot before moving to Canada in 1979 where he coached at the Toronto Blizzard, assisting both Keith Eddy and Bobby Houghton. In 1981, he replaced Keith Eddy as the interim head coach for Toronto Blizzard. In 1985, he managed in the National Soccer League with Toronto Dinamo, and secured the NSL Cup. In 1986, he served as the head coach for Toronto Blizzard in the National Soccer League, and the following season in the Canadian Soccer League. In his debut season in the National Soccer League he achieved the double for Toronto.
In 1988, Toronto appointed him as the coaching advisor for scouting operations, and Hector Marinaro, Sr. succeed him as head coach. He returned to England 1990 and rejoined Aldershot's staff.
# Now That's What I Call Music! 41 (American series)

Now That's What I Call Music! 41 was released on February 7, 2012. It is the 41st edition of the Now! series in the United States. The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 for the week ending February 24, 2012, after selling 142,000 units in its first week of release. A month later, it returned to number three on the chart and jumped to number one on the Billboard Digital Albums chart after a one-day, 25-cent promotion of its downloadable version by Google Play and Amazon.com pushed digital sales up 1,367%.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic critic Andy Kellman summarizes the chart performance of the songs in Now That's What I Call Music! 41 by noting that three of the songs, "Sexy and I Know It", "The One That Got Away", and "Domino", were in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 at the time of the album's release in February 2012, and calling Lady Gaga's "Marry the Night" and Nickelback's "Lullaby" "duds in comparison". The inclusion of two country songs bring this edition a "more country flavor", at least compared to Now! 40, and "the compilation's highlights" are Coldplay's "Paradise" and J. Cole's "Work Out".
# Now That's What I Call Music! 47 (American series)

Now That's What I Call Music! 47, released on August 6, 2013, is the 47th edition of the Now! series in the United States. The album features the number-one Billboard Hot 100 hit, "When I Was Your Man", by Bruno Mars.
Now! 47 debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 albums chart with sales of 82,000 copies in its first week of release.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Andy Kellman of Allmusic notes the continued dominance of "bulky but swift dance-pop" in Now! 47 with country and rap being virtually shut out.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 2 |
| US Top Digital Albums (Billboard) | 7 |
# First Methodist Episcopal Church (Stillmore, Georgia)

The First Methodist Episcopal Church in Stillmore, Georgia, also known as Stillmore United Methodist Church and as Stillmore Methodist Episcopal Church South, was built in 1907. A fire on December 15, 1915, destroyed all but the exterior walls of the church, and in 1916 it was rebuilt to the original plans with minor exception. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
It was designed by architect Charles Edward Choate in Romanesque Revival style. The 1907 church and parsonage cost $7,500; their reconstruction in 1916 cost $10,000. The church was deemed "an excellent example of the early work of Charles Edward Choate" and "an excellent example of the use of the Romanesque Revival style in Georgia."
The parsonage was sold by the church in 1994; it was moved to a new location but was later dismantled and its materials were incorporated into a new house.
# Dauphin River (disambiguation)

Dauphin River may refer to:
* Dauphin River, a river of Manitoba, Canada
* Dauphin River (Saint Lucia), a river of Saint Lucia
* Dauphin River, Manitoba, a community in the Canadian province of Manitoba
* Dauphin River First Nation, a First Nation in Manitoba
# Nuclear pore complex protein Nup133

Nuclear pore complex protein Nup133, or Nucleoporin Nup133, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUP133 gene.

## Function

The nuclear envelope creates distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in eukaryotic cells. It consists of two concentric membranes perforated by nuclear pores, large protein complexes that form aqueous channels to regulate the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These complexes are composed of at least 100 different polypeptide subunits, many of which belong to the nucleoporin family. The nucleoporin protein encoded by this gene displays evolutionarily conserved interactions with other nucleoporins. This protein, which localizes to both sides of the nuclear pore complex at interphase, remains associated with the complex during mitosis and is targeted at early stages to the reforming nuclear envelope. This protein also localizes to kinetochores of mitotic cells.

## Interactions

NUP133 has been shown to interact with NUP107.
# David Bronson (disambiguation)

David Bronson may refer to:
* David Bronson (1800–1863), U.S. representative from Maine
* David Bronson (born 1976), American singer-songwriter and music producer
* Dave Bronson (born 1958), mayor of Anchorage, Alaska
# David Edgar

David or Dave Edgar may refer to:
* Dave Edgar (footballer, born 1902) (1902–1976), Scottish footballer
* David Edgar (playwright) (born 1948), English playwright
* David Edgar (swimmer) (born 1950), American swimmer
* David Edgar (soccer, born 1987) (born 1987), Canadian soccer player
# Belgium at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics

Belgium is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from January 19 to February 1, 2024. This will be Belgium's fourth appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed at every Games since the inaugural edition in 2012.
The Belgian team consisted of two male athletes competing in two sports. Short track speed skater Lowie Dekens was the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors (per gender) participating at the games per sport/discipline.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Alpine skiing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Short track speed skating | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 2 | 0 | 2 |

## Alpine skiing

Belgium qualified one male alpine skier.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Christos Bouas | Giant slalom | 52.27 | 34 | 48.93 | 33 | 1:41.20 | 30 |
| Christos Bouas | Slalom | 49.85 | 29 | 54.12 | 14 | 1:43.97 | 15 |

## Short track speed skating

Belgium qualified one male short track speed skater.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Lowie Dekens | 500 m | 43.758 | 4 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Lowie Dekens | 1000 m | 1:41.848 | 4 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Lowie Dekens | 1500 m | — | 2:18.473 | 4 q | 2:34.308 | 5 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Fish pond (disambiguation)

A Fish pond or fishpond is a pond, artificial lake, or reservoir that is stocked with fish.
Fish pond, Fishpond and Fishponds may also refer to:

## Places

* Fishpond, Alabama, an unincorporated community in Coosa County
* Fishponds, a suburb of Bristol, England
* Fish Ponds, a location on the Mojave River in California

## Other

* Fishpond, code name for a development of Fishpond, a World War II British radar system
* Fishpond.co.nz, a New Zealand e-commerce company
* "The Fishing Pond", an episode of the 2019 Indian animated series Chacha Chaudhary
# OSR

OSR may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Operational sex ratio, of reproductively available males to females
* On-stack replacement, used by Jikes RVM, a Java virtual machine
* Optical solar reflector, a radiator material for space craft
* OEM Service Release, a Windows 95 distribution
* Open-source robotics

## Transportation

* Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava, in Czech Republic, IATA code OSR
* Ontario Southland Railway, in Canada
* Texas State Highway OSR, in the US

## Other uses

* Old School Renaissance, a movement within tabletop role-playing games
* Owasippe Scout Reservation, a Boy Scout camp in Twin Lake, Michigan, U.S.
* Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, a Swiss symphony orchestra
* Operational Situation Reports, or Einsatzgruppen reports, dispatches of the Nazi death squads
* Ohio State Reformatory, a historic US prison
* Odessa Soviet Republic, a short-lived Soviet republic
* Office of Strategic Research, a CIA intelligence analysis organization once headed by Richard Lehman
* Oilseed rape, a widely cultivated grain crop
* Overseas Service Ribbon, a US military award
# OSS

OSS or Oss may refer to:

## Places

* Oss, a city and municipality in the Netherlands
* Osh Airport, IATA code OSS

## People with the name

* Oss (surname), a surname

## Arts and entertainment

* O.S.S. (film), a 1946 World War II spy film about Office of Strategic Services agents
* Oss (film), a 1976 Norwegian post-apocalyptic disaster film
* O.S.S. (TV series), a British spy series which aired in 1957 in the UK and the US
* Open Source Shakespeare, a non-commercial website with texts and statistics on Shakespeare's plays
* Old Syriac Sinaiticus, a Bible manuscript
* Organization of Super Spies, a fictional organization in the Spy Kids franchise

## Education

* ÖSS (Öğrenci Seçme Sınavı), a former university entrance exam in Turkey
* Options Secondary School, Chula Vista, California
* Otto Stern School for Integrated Doctoral Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
* Outram Secondary School, Singapore

## Organizations

* Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel, dedicated to fighting desertification and drought; based in Tunis, Tunisia
* Office for Science and Society, Science Education from Montreal's McGill University
* Office of Strategic Services, World War II forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency
* Office of the Supervising Scientist, an Australian Government body under the Supervising Scientist
* Offshore Super Series, an offshore powerboat racing organization
* One-stop shop, a government office where multiple services are offered in a centralized location rather than in different places
* Open Spaces Society, a UK registered charity championing public paths and open spaces
* Operations Support Squadron, a United States Air Force support squadron
* Optimized Systems Software, a former software company

## Science and technology

* Ohio Sky Survey
* Optical SteadyShot, a lens-based image stabilization system by Sony
* Optimal Stereo Sound, another name for the Jecklin Disk recording technique
* Oriented spindle stop, a type of spindle motion used within some G-code cycles
* Ovary Sparing Spay (OSS)
* Overspeed Sensor System (OSS), part of the Train Protection & Warning System for railroad trains

### Computer software and hardware

* OpenSearchServer, search engine software
* Open Sound System, a standard interface for making and capturing sound in Unix operating systems
* Open-source software, software with its source code made freely available
* Operations support systems, computers used by telecommunications service providers to administer and maintain network systems

## Other uses

* OSS Fighters, a Romania-based kickboxing promotion
* Order of St. Sava, a Serbian decoration
* Ossetic language ISO 639 code oss
* Oss (greeting), a casual Japanese salutation
* Óss (rune) or Ansuz, a character of the Elder Futhark
# Caecossonus dentipes

Caecossonus dentipes is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae are the family of the "true" weevils (or "snout beetles"). They are one of the largest animal families, with 5,489 genera and 82,741 species described worldwide. It is found in North America. a molytine tribe endemic to Central America, the Caribbean Islands and some areas of the USA (blind genera are, among others, Caecossonus Gilbert, 1955; Decuanellus Osella, 1977; Pseudoalaocybites Osella, 1980).