OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Corona radiata

In neuroanatomy, the corona radiata is a white matter sheet that continues inferiorly as the internal capsule and superiorly as the centrum semiovale. This sheet of both ascending and descending axons carries most of the neural traffic from and to the cerebral cortex. The corona radiata is associated with the corticopontine tract, the corticobulbar tract, and the corticospinal tract.

## Structure

Projection fibers are afferents carrying information to the cerebral cortex, and efferents carrying information away from it. The most prominent projection fibers are the corona radiata, which radiate out from the cortex and then come together in the brain stem. The projection fibers that make up the corona radiata also radiate out of the brain stem via the internal capsule. Cerebral white matter is viewed as an intricately organized system of fasciculi that facilitate the highest expression of cerebral activity.

## Function
### Motor pathway

Evidence from subcortical small infarcts suggests that motor fibers are somatotopically arranged in the human corona radiata. Following subtotal brain damage, localization of the corticofugal projection in the corona radiata and internal capsule can assist in evaluating a patient's residual motor capacity and predicting their potential for functional restitution. Data suggests that the corona radiata and superior capsular lesions may correlate with more favorable levels of functional recovery. Lesions seated inferiorly are likely to correlate with poorer levels of recovery regarding upper limb movement. Findings also suggest that motor deficit severity is likely to increase as a lesion occupies progressively more posterior regions of the internal capsule.

## Clinical significance

The corona radiata may be affected by diseases affecting the cerebral white matter, including ischemic leukoencephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, and progressive leukoencephalopathy. These may have major effects on intellectual, social, and emotional functioning.
In normal pressure hydrocephalus, expansion of the lateral ventricles causes distortion of the fibers of the corona radiata. This contributes to the urinary incontinence seen with NPH.

## Additional images

* Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
# Corona poling

Corona poling is a technique in optoelectronics.
Corona discharge is a partial breakdown of air, usually at atmospheric pressure, and is initiated by a discharge in an inhomogeneous electric field (see Figure 1). Corona discharge has been used to pole films of electro-optic materials to enhance their electro-optic properties.
Although corona poling can be performed at room temperature, poling at elevated temperature has several advantages. For example, raising the temperature in a polymer guest-host system close to its glass-rubber transition temperature before poling increases the mobility of the guest molecules and allows rotation to occur during poling. If during poling the temperature is lowered well below the transition temperature, the guest molecules are fixed in their new orientation.
# Estêvão da Gama

Estêvão da Gama may refer to:
* Estêvão da Gama (15th century), father of Vasco da Gama
* Estêvão da Gama (16th century), son of Vasco da Gama
* Estêvão da Gama (c. 1470), cousin of Vasco da Gama
# Estes Mann

Estes Wilson Mann Sr. (September 14, 1894 – February 13, 1958) was an American architect based in Memphis, Tennessee. Several buildings he designed are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Mann was originally from Marianna, Arkansas. He studied at the Armour Institute in Chicago graduating in 1916. He worked as an architect in Memphis from 1919 until his death in 1958.
Early in his career, Mann worked with M. P. Renfro in Denison, Iowa and with T. H. Albright (more likely J.H. Albright who died in 1922?) in Fort Dodge, Iowa. Renfro was also active in Porterville, California. He started his own firm in Memphis (Mann & Gatling), a partnership that lasted from 1919 until 1922 with projects in Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas.
Mann bought out Gatling in 1922 and shifted his practice to mostly residential work. George L. Richardson worked with him out of the Exchange Building in Memphis in 1928.
In his thesis paper Architects in Tennessee until 1930, A Dictionary, preservationist and educator Joseph Lucian Herdon credits Mann with introducing the English Bungalow architecture and Spanish Colonial architecture styles to Memphis. Mann is credited with designing more than 1,800 residences before 1936. He was a member of several professional organizations. He is buried in Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis.

## Work

* Bateman-Griffith House (1930) at 316 Jefferson Street in Clarendon, Arkansas, NRHP listed
* Abramson House for Rue Abramson at 127 Crescent Heights in Holly Grove, AR NRHP listed
* Jefferies-Crabtree House NRHP listed
* Campbell House, 305 N. Forrest St. Forrest City, AR NRHP listed
* Collison House, 206 N. Main St. Bald Knob, AR NRHP listed
* Building at 38 Poplar Street in Marianna, Arkansas
* Methodist Episcopal Church, South in Marianna, Arkansas interior remodel (1949)
* John H. McFadden House (1940 remodel) Bartlett, Tennessee in Shelby County, Tennessee NRHP listed
# Coppel

Coppel is a nationwide department store in Mexico based in Culiacán, Sinaloa and founded in 1941. It is noted for extending easy credit and for enabling payment of purchases via twice-monthly installments.
Coppel began with its creator Enrique Coppel Tamayo who set up shop in Mazatlán, later moving to Culiacán. By 1990 the chain had 24 stores. In 2002 it bought Canadá shoe stores. This allowed Coppel to become one of the main distributors in Mexico not only of shoes but cellphones, clothing, televisions and furniture.
It is today one of the 100 largest companies in Mexico according to Expansión, with sales higher than Sears, El Palacio de Hierro and Famsa. In 2015, it purchased the 51-store Viana chain to convert them to Coppel stores with an investment of 2.5 billion Mexican pesos, around 150 million USD.
According to Deloitte, Coppel is ranked 156th-largest retailer in the world with sales in fiscal year 2015 of 6.156 billion USD.
In 2020 Coppel implemented the Universidad Corporativa Coppel for Coppel employees who have 3 months of seniority, as well as for direct relatives aiming to make its staff more qualified and grow professionally.
# Brad Butt

Brad Butt (born May 10, 1967) is a Canadian politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for the Greater Toronto Area riding of Mississauga—Streetsville from 2011 to 2015. He served as a member of the Conservative party.
He represented the electoral district of Mississauga—Streetsville as a member of the Conservative Party until his defeat in the 2015 election. Before winning his seat in 2011, Butt had been a political commentator on Mississauga Cable 10 for many years, and president & CEO of the Greater Toronto Apartment Association since May 1999.

## Early life

Butt is the son of the late Terry Butt, property developer and Ward 7 city councillor for Mississauga City Council.

## Early Political Career

Butt first ran for public office in Mississauga Ward 7 city council in the 1988 municipal election and later in 1991 in Ward 1. Butt also ran for the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in the 1990 election in the provincial riding of Mississauga East.
Butt ran for the Canadian Alliance in the 2000 election in the federal riding of Mississauga South.

## Member of Parliament

Butt provoked controversy in 2012 for making a 'finger gun' gesture at Bob Rae, then leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, pretending to shoot him in the House of Commons.
On February 6, 2014, Butt claimed during a parliamentary debate about a proposed bill on election reform that he witnessed people taking discard voter cards from the garbage and then handing them to other people outside voting stations to be used as identification. On February 24, he retracted the statement and admitted that he had made up the story. He said, "I misspoke during debate and corrected the record." He said that what actually happened was that he was relating stories that he had heard during his time as president with the Greater Toronto Apartment Association. "I did not see it personally and only said it in the House, not committee," Butt said. "I made a mistake."
In the 2015 election, Butt lost to Liberal candidate Gagan Sikand. Butt made headlines during the election when he raised the example of New Democratic Party leader Tom Mulcair, a dual citizen of Canada and France, as a hypothetical candidate for deportation if he was convicted of treason under the Conservatives' new citizenship bill, C-24.

## Later political career

Butt registered to run as a candidate for Ward 1 city councillor for Mississauga City Council in the 2018 Peel Region municipal election, and has recently served as the director of government relations for the Mississauga Board of Trade. He was elected to city council in 2022.
# Corey Harwell

Corey C. Harwell is an American neuroscientist who is an assistant professor in the Department of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School.

## Career

Harwell initially planned on pursuing a career in medicine, an early research experience in Cori Bargmann's laboratory led Harwell instead to the basic sciences and in particular to neurobiology. As a graduate student, Harwell conducted his thesis research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under Elly Nedivi. He studied the role of the gene cpg15 (candidate plasticity gene 15) and its protein product in neural development and plasticity. Cpg15 had been found to be a target of intracellular signaling pathways important for synaptic plasticity. Increases in cpg15 expression caused changes in axon and dendrite growth, as well as synapse formation. Harwell and his colleague Ulrich Putz showed that expression of a soluble form of CPG15 promoted survival of cortical neuron progenitors in early brain development. Additionally, Harwell, with members of Karel Svoboda's group, demonstrated that cpg15 expression in adult mice could be diminished by sensory deprivation, raising the possibility that CPG15 functions in a neural activity-dependent manner.
After receiving his PhD, Harwell completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Arnold Kriegstein's laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco. There, Harwell investigated early neural development. He identified a role of the gene sonic hedgehog (shh) and its receptor, BOC1, in the formation of connections between layer II/III cortical neurons and their postsynaptic targets, the layer V corticalfugal neurons. Additionally, Harwell characterized the relationship between cell lineage and distribution of developing cortical interneuron circuits and found that cell lineage does not determine clustering of cortical interneurons
Following his postdoctoral work, Harwell became an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School in the Department of Neurobiology. In 2021, his laboratory moved to the University of California, San Francisco. His laboratory continues to focus on neural development.

## Research

The Harwell Lab investigates how the developmental origins and lineages of different neuron types affects their function in the adult brain. The lab approaches these questions using circuit tracing, molecular biology, and genetic tools in mice. Currently, the lab seeks to characterize the molecular diversity of neural progenitors and dissect the genetic and epigenetic programs that drive the differentiation of these progenitors and their assembly into functional neural circuits. Recently, the lab has uncovered important roles for glial cells in neural development as well.
# Esteban Marino

Esteban Marino (May 26, 1914 – January 10, 1999) was a Uruguayan football referee. He refereed in the Primera División de Uruguay.
He is most famous for refereeing the first leg of the 1968 Copa Libertadores finals and one match in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. As a World Cup linesman he oversaw one match in the 1950 World Cup and three matches in 1962. He died in January 1999 at the age of 84.
# Azhagiya Asura

Azhagiya Asura (transl. Beautiful Demon) is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Nagu. The film stars Yogi, Regina Cassandra and Nanditha Jennifer, while Krishna, Krish, Sampath Raj, and Vaiyapuri play supporting roles. Featuring music composed by Brahma, the film was released on 22 December 2006. The film's title was taken from a song from Whistle (2003).

## Plot synopsis

Guna unites his brother and his lover after overcoming a number of problems. But when he falls in love with a girl who does not reciprocate his feelings, his brother's wife comes to his aid.

## Cast

* Yogi as Guna
* Regina Cassandra as Mahalakshmi
* Nanditha Jennifer as Pavithra
* Krishna as Sanjay
* Krish as Guna's friend
* Shyam as Guna's friend
* Venkat as Guna's friend
* Vijay as Guna's friend
* Pooja as Guna's friend
* Sampath Raj as Mohan
* Vaiyapuri
* Manikka Vinayagam as Guna and Mohan's father
* Muthukaalai

## Production

The film had earlier developed under the title Idiot, before the team opted for Azhagiya Asura. Yogi, grandson of veteran actor Thengai Srinivasan, and Regina Cassandra, who earlier appeared as Laila's sister in Kanda Naal Mudhal (2005) made their debuts as lead actors with this film. Regina worked on the film alongside her commitments as a student at Lady Andal school.
Production began for the film in May 2006. A scheduled shoot in Thailand was delayed because Regina and her mother had passport issues, before later being cancelled as a result of the 2006 Thai coup d'état.

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by debutant Brahma.
* "Dum Dum Taka" — Malathi, Ranjith
* "Pondy Bazaar" — Tippu
* "Eppadi Eppadi" — Harish Raghavendra
* "Uyire Ushe" — Krish
* "Sutrum Bhoomi" — Ranjith

## Release

A reviewer from ChennaiOnline.com wrote "Azhagiya Asura is a wholesome, engaging entertainer, a commendable effort from first-timers producer Ravi Jeyram and director Nagu". Lajjaavathi of Kalki wrote the director aimed to make a romantic film which thankfully did not end up as silly but called the predictability of scenes as drawback and scenes felt dragged but praised music and cinematography.
Despite its low-key release at the time, the film has belatedly been recognised as the lead debut of South-Indian actress Regina Cassandra.
# Vlasina Rid

Vlasina Rid is a village in the municipality of Surdulica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 276 people.

## Gallery

* Former Primary school.
* Former Primary school.
* Orthodox church.
* Orthodox church.
* Lujinci quarter.
* Lujinci quarter.
* Lujinci quarter.
# Napa Open

The Napa Open is a defunct tennis tournament that was played on the Grand Prix tennis circuit in 1981. The event was held in Napa, California and was played on outdoor hard courts. Sammy Giammalva, Jr. won the singles title while Chris Mayotte and Richard Meyer partnered to win the doubles title.

## Finals
### Singles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1981 | Sammy Giammalva, Jr. | Scott Davis | 6–3, 5–7, 6–1 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1981 | Chris Mayotte Richard Meyer | Tracy Delatte John Hayes | 6–3, 3–6, 7–6 |
# Churchill Gunasekara

Dr Churchill Hector Gunasekara (27 July 1894 – 16 May 1969) was a Ceylonese first-class cricketer. He was the first person from his country to play for an English county, representing Middlesex from 1919 to 1922. He was widely regarded as the best fielder in county cricket at the time.
Gunasekara was educated at Royal College in Colombo where he was captain of the cricket team and achieved colours in both athletics and football. He moved to England in order to study medicine at Cambridge University and excelled again at sports, only missing out on a Blue due to the outbreak of the War.
In 1919 he made his first-class debut for Middlesex and went on to have a good all-round Championship season, with 36 wickets at 27.72 and 351 runs at 21.93. Despite batting at nine, he top scored for Middlesex in the first innings of their match against Surrey at Kennington Oval with 88 not out. His best performance with the ball came against Lancashire where he dismissed their last five batsmen to finish with 5/15.
The following summer he was part of Middlesex's successful campaign for the 1920 County Championship. He didn't play at all in 1921 but returned in 1922 for one final season.
Having completed his degree, Gunasekara returned to Ceylon and became captain of his country's cricket team. He captained Ceylon's first overseas touring team, to India in 1932–33, but was called back to Ceylon during the tour in his capacity as Chief Medical Officer of Health, Colombo Municipality, in order to deal with a smallpox outbreak, and was absent during the two matches against India, when Ed Kelaart captained the team in his absence. He played 10 first-class matches in total for various Ceylonese representative sides and also captained one in a non-first-class fixture against Don Bradman's Australians.
He also represented Ceylon at tennis, playing against the visiting New Zealanders who were on their way to England in 1933 to play in the Davis Cup.
Gunasekara's son Channa and four of his nephews, including C. I. Gunesekera, also played first-class cricket for Ceylon.
# Columbia/Epic Label Group

Columbia/Epic Label Group was an American record label group, owned by Sony Music Entertainment. The Columbia/Epic configuration began as the "Sony Music Label Group" during the last year of the Sony BMG merger, and was restructured in 2009 to form a larger umbrella for Columbia Records and Epic Records (as well as their various affiliated labels) to continue to operate. The group also comprises Aware Records, and Daylight Records, while also handling the distribution of E1 Music via Epic Records. Additionally, in conjunction with Legacy Recordings, it also manages the back catalogs of American Recording Company, Portrait Records and Private-I Records. The Columbia/Epic Label Group ended the year 2010 with the largest album market share among all label groups with a 10.96 share, according to The Nielsen Company. Rob Stringer acted as the CEO/Chairman of the company.
The Columbia/Epic Label Group was split in half in July 2011, when Doug Morris became the new head of Sony Music. Epic Records was separated and is now headed by L.A. Reid. This ultimately lead Columbia to being a stand-alone label under Sony Music.
# Astacidea

Astacidea is an infraorder of decapod crustaceans including lobsters (though not "lobsters" such as the spiny lobster etc.), crayfish, and their close relatives.

## Description

The Astacidea are distinguished from most other decapods by the presence of chelae (claws) on each of the first three pairs of pereiopods (walking legs), the first of which is much larger than the remaining two pairs. The last two pairs of pereiopods are simple (without claws), except in Thaumastocheles, where the fifth pereiopod may have "a minute pincer".

## Distribution

Members of the infraorder Astacidea are found throughout the world – both in the oceans and in fresh water – except for mainland Africa and parts of Asia.

## Classification

Astacidea belongs to the group Reptantia, which consists of the walking/crawling decapods (lobsters and crabs). Astacidea is the sister clade to the infraorder Polychelida, a small group of crustaceans restricted to deep waters. The cladogram below shows Astacidea's placement within the larger order Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.
The infraorder Astacidea comprises five extant superfamilies, two of crayfish (Astacoidea and Parastacoidea), one of true lobsters (Nephropoidea), one of reef lobsters (the genus Enoplometopus), and a number of fossil taxa. As of 2009, the group contains 782 recognised species, over 400 of which are in the crayfish family Cambaridae. The members of the infraorder Glypheidea (containing numerous fossils and the two extant species Neoglyphea inopinata and Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica) were formerly included here.
The cladogram below shows Astacidea's internal relationships and the early split between lobsters and crayfish:

## Taxonomy

* Palaeopalaemonoidea †
** Palaeopalaemonidae †
* Enoplometopoidea
** Enoplometopidae
** Uncinidae †
* Nephropoidea
** Chilenophoberidae †
** Nephropidae
** Protastacidae †
** Stenochiridae †
* Astacoidea
** Astacidae
** Cambaridae
** Cambaroididae
** Cricoidoscelosidae †
* Parastacoidea
** Parastacidae
# Neocalyptis affinisana

Neocalyptis affinisana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Indonesia, Taiwan and Japan.
The wingspan is 13–14 mm. It is a polyphagous pest of several plants.
# Bile-acid-CoA hydrolase

In enzymology, a bile-acid-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    deoxycholoyl-CoA + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ CoA + deoxycholate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are deoxycholoyl-CoA and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are CoA and deoxycholate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is deoxycholoyl-CoA hydrolase.
# Mississippi River Museum

The Mississippi River Museum was a museum located on Mud Island, in Memphis, Tennessee.

## History

The museum opened in 1982 with the goal of "preserv[ing] and promot[ing] the natural and cultural history of the Lower Mississippi River Valley".
In 1990, businessman Sidney Shlenker (known locally for managing construction of the Memphis Pyramid) planned to shut down the museum to make space for new bars and restaurants on the island. The announcement of these plans was met with backlash by the West Tennessee Historical Society, which cooperated with the Mud Island Foundation and then-Mayor of Memphis Richard Hackett to intervene and save the museum from closure.
In July 2018, the museum was temporarily closed for renovations, citing low attendance rates and a need to update outdated exhibits. The museum reopened in May 2019.
In August 2019, vandals broke into the museum, breaking display cases but not stealing or damaging any of the historical artifacts on display. Low attendance resulted in the museum's closure not long afterwards with the contents being transferred to the Museum of Science and History - Memphis. In 2024, plans were announced to redevelop the museum into an interactive experience titled "Baron Von Opperbean and the River of Time".

## Displays and exhibits

The museum was divided into 18 galleries, which displayed more than 5,000 Mississippi River-relevant historical artifacts altogether. Located just outside of the museum is a scale model of the river.
Several items relevant to the Mississippi River's role in the Civil War were on display, most notably a life-size replica of a Union City-class ironclad gunboat.
The museum was populated by wax sculptures of historical figures linked to the Mississippi River, such as Mark Twain and Mike Fink. A documentary on the several perils of traveling and living on the river (such as boiler explosions and yellow fever) was played at the "Theatre of Horrors". One of the museum's galleries was dedicated to the history of music on the river.
# Babuna

Babuna may refer to:
* Babuna (mountain), a mountain in North Macedonia
* Babuna (river), a river in North Macedonia
* FK Babuna, a football club in North Macedonia