OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bacterial patterns

The formation of patterns in the growth of bacterial colonies has extensively been studied experimentally. Resulting morphologies appear to depend on the growth conditions. They include well known morphologies such as dense branched morphology (DBM) or diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA), but much complex patterns and temporal behaviour can be found.
A large number of studies on pattern formation in bacterial colonies have been performed in Bacillus subtilis and in Proteus mirabilis. Mathematical modeling of colony growth can reproduce the observed morphologies and the effect of environmental changes. Employed models include:
* Reaction–diffusion system
* Cellular automata

## Colonies of Bacillus subtilis

Colonies of Bacillus subtilis on a Petri dish can grow under controlled conditions. By varying agar concentration (which permits the control of the hardness of the medium), and the nutrient concentration, the response of the colony to external stresses can be studied. The different morphologies appear in the following growth conditions:

### High nutrients level, hard medium

    Eden-like growth

### High nutrients level, semi-soft hardness of medium

    Periodical growth forming concentric rings

### High nutrients level, soft medium

    homogeneous, disk-like growth

### Low nutrients level, hard medium

    DLA growth

### Low nutrients level, soft medium

    DBM growth
A complete morphological diagram can then be drawn by varying growth conditions.
These different morphologies can be obtained from a reaction-diffusion model. This kind of model is useful to assess which mechanisms are relevant for the different morphologies. The complete morphological diagram can be obtained by using two fields, density of bacteria and nutrient concentration, and taking into account that bacteria can increase motility in response to adverse external conditions. That means that diffusion in the medium and the response of bacteria are the relevant factors in this particular case.
# Giovanni Battista Averara

Giovanni Battista Averara (1508 – November 10, 1548) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. He was born in Bergamo. Little is known of this landscape painter who died at a young age from a dog bite. He painted in the style of Titian. He is mentioned by the biographer Tassi, and may be confused with Giovanni Battista de Averara.
# Gina Relly

Gina Relly (1891–1985) was a French film actress of the silent era.

## Selected filmography

* The Face at Your Window (1920)
* Sins of Yesterday (1922)
* The False Dimitri (1922)
* The Two Boys (1924)
* The Cradle of God (1926)
# Deilephila

The genus Deilephila is part of the family Sphingidae, the hawk-moths or sphinxes. The genus was erected by Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres in 1809. It consists of a small number of Palearctic species most of which have common names involving the phrase "elephant hawk moth". They include the elephant hawk moth, Deilephila elpenor; the small elephant hawk moth (D. porcellus) and the Chitral elephant hawk moth (D. rivularis). The oleander hawk moth is sometimes classified in this genus as D. nerii, but sometimes treated in genus Daphnis.
The adults are quite similar to those of the related and larger genus Hyles. However their eyelashes are much more distinct, and the numerous spines on their abdomens are less strongly chitinized. They lay pale glossy green eggs. The larvae are not typical of hawk moth caterpillars, with the horn on the terminal segment being less pronounced than usual, and absent in some species. The head and thorax segments can be retracted into the first and second segments of the abdomen, which then appear enlarged and display eyespots.
The caterpillars feed mainly on plants of the Onagraceae and Rubiaceae families.
* Deilephila askoldensis (Oberthür, 1879)
* Deilephila elpenor (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Deilephila porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Deilephila rivularis (Boisduval, 1875)
* Deilephila askoldensis
* Deilephila elpenor
* Deilephila porcellus
# OKI Open de España Senior

The OKI Open de España Senior was a men's senior (over 50) professional golf tournament on the European Senior Tour. It was held just once, in May 2011, at the El Valle Golf Resort, south of Murcia, Spain. The winner was Carl Mason who won the first prize of €30,000 out of total prize-money of €200,000.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| OKI Open de España Senior ||||||
| 2011 | Carl Mason (2) | 200 | −13 | 4 strokes | George Ryall |
| 2006–2008: No tournament ||||||
| OKI Castellón Open de España Senior ||||||
| 2007 | Carl Mason | 199 | −17 | 4 strokes | Luis Carbonetti |
| 2006 | Gordon J. Brand | 203 | −13 | 2 strokes | Carl Mason Sam Torrance |
| Castellon Costa Azahar Open de España ||||||
| 2005 | Bob Boyd | 205 | −11 | 1 stroke | Jim Rhodes José Rivero |
| 1995–2004: No tournament ||||||
| La Manga Spanish Seniors Open ||||||
| 1994 | Brian Huggett | 215 | −1 | Playoff | Malcolm Gregson David Snell |
# Octavius Thomas Oldknow

Octavius Thomas Oldknow (12 April 1786 - 7 November 1854) was Sheriff of Nottingham 1806–07, Mayor of Nottingham in 1822 and 1829, and Postmaster of Nottingham from 1846 to 1854.

## History

He was born on 12 April 1786 in Nottingham, the son of Joseph Oldknow (1746-1808) and Mary Robert (1746-1824).
He married Susanna Wilson (1793-1828), second daughter of the Revd. John Wilson of Chapel House, Matlock Bath, on 12 April 1808 in St Giles' Church, Matlock, Derbyshire, and they had the following children:
* Joseph Oldknow (1809-1874)
* John Wilson Oldknow (1810-1887)
* Susannah Oldknow (1812-1876)
* Samuel Oldknow (1814-1869)
* Mary Ann Oldknow (1816-1884)
* Harriett Oldknow (1817-1880)
* Henry Oldknow (1819-1868)
* Hannah Oldknow
Initially, he ran a grocery and tallow chandlery business in Nottingham in copartnership with Mary Oldknow, but this partnership was dissolved on 8 January 1813.
He also maintained a business partnership with Joseph Turner and Robert Wilson operating under the firm of Joseph Turner and Company, Drapers, Mercers, Hatters and Hosiers at Oakham, but this partnership was dissolved on 14 December 1831.
A drapery business on Beastmarket Hill operated for many years with Robert Wilson under the partnership of Oldknow and Wilson, but from 1832 this partnership was dissolved and he continued the business alone.
He was sworn in as Mayor of Nottingham in 1822 and again in 1829 in St Mary's Church, Nottingham.
In December 1846 he was appointed Postmaster of Nottingham a position he held until his death. Shortly after his appointment, the Central Post Office in Nottingham moved from its premises on Bridlesmith Gate to the newly constructed Post Office buildings on St Peter's Churchside.
He died on 7 November 1854.
# Basten

Basten is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Alice Basten (1876–1955), New Zealand businesswoman and politician
* John Basten (born 1947), Australian judge
* Basten Caerts (born 1997), Belgian swimmer
* Marco van Basten (born 1964), Dutch footballer and manager
# Chanson de Nuit

Chanson de Nuit, Op. 15, No. 1, is a musical work composed by Edward Elgar for violin and piano, and later orchestrated by the composer. Its first publication was in 1897, though it is considered that it was almost certainly written in 1889 or 1890.
It has invited comparison with, and has been said to be a finer work than its more popular "companion" piece, Chanson de Matin, Op. 15, No. 2.
The orchestral version of the work was published in 1899, and first performed, together with Chanson de Matin, at a Queen's Hall Promenade Concert conducted by Henry Wood on 14 September 1901.
The work was dedicated to F. Ehrke, M.D.

## Structure

Andante, 4/4, G major
A performance will take around three and a half minutes.

## Instrumentation

Elgar scored Chanson de Nuit (and Chanson de Matin) for a small orchestra consisting of one flute, one oboe, two clarinets, one bassoon, two horns, the string section, and a harp.

## Arrangements

The work is most well known in its original form (Violin & Piano) and the composer's orchestral version. Other noteworthy arrangements are for cello and piano, for viola and piano (both by the composer), and for organ by his friend A. Herbert Brewer.

## Notable performances

In 1976 Dominique Bagouet had his first great success with his performance of Chanson de Nuit, winning the Concours de Bagnolet.

## Performances on video

* Old Bridge Chamber Orchestra (amateur) cond. Gregg Martin - Orchestra
# Pandanus brosimos

Pandanus brosimos, the wild karuka, is a species of tree in the family Pandanaceae, endemic to New Guinea. Along with Pandanus julianettii, it is widely harvested in New Guinea as a traditional food source. Many local ethnic groups make use of pandanus languages (a special avoidance language) when harvesting the nuts.
It was first formally described by Elmer Drew Merrill and Lily May Perry in 1940.
# Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos

Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos may refer to:
* Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos, Čajniče, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos, Dobrun, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos, Tvrdoš, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Simonov Monastery of the Dormition of the Theotokos, Russia (Moscow)
* Dormition of Theotokos Monastery, Penteli, Greece
* Monastery of Dormition of the Theotokos, Himmelsthür, Germany
* St. Mary's Monastery, Zvërnec
* Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
* Pskov-Caves Monastery
* Dormition Monastery, Tikhvin
* Mega Spilaio
* Humor Monastery
# Everybody Hates You

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Exclaim.ca | positive |
Everybody Hates You is the second full-length studio album by the American aggrotech band Combichrist. It was released on March 8, 2005, through the Out of Line record label. The album peaked at #2 on the German Alternative Charts (DAC) and ranked #18 on the DAC Top Albums of 2005.
# Craig Price

Craig Price may refer to:
* Craig Price (murderer) (born 1973), serial killer in Rhode Island
* Craig Price (rugby union) (born 1989), Welsh rugby union player
# Crocidophora elongalis

Crocidophora elongalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Viette in 1978. It is found in Madagascar and on the Comoros.
# Badsville

Badsville is a 2017 action drama film directed by April Mullen and starring Robert Knepper and Emilio Rivera.

## Cast

* Robert Knepper as Mr. Gavin
* Tamara Duarte as Suzy
* Emilio Rivera as Lucky Lou
* Chelsea Rendon as Helen
* John White as Martin
* Rene Rosado as Georgie
* Douglas Spain as Charlie
* Corbin Timbrook as Chester
* Paul James Jordan as Cutter
* Shelby Janes as Bowling Alley Waitress
* Octavio Pizano as Flaco
* Saxon Trainor as Louise
* Gregory Kasyan as Sammy
* Kelly Cunningham as Theresa
* Benjamin Barrett as Benny
* David Phillips as Chuck
* Kate Campbell as Sammy's Mom
* Ian McLaren as Wink
* Lucas James as Chad

## Production

According to the Niagara Falls Review, Mullen expressed interest in directing the film after David Phillips showed her the script. The film was shot in Southern California.
On November 3, 2016, it was announced that Epic Pictures acquired the distribution rights to Badsville.

## Reception

Gary MacDonald of The Globe and Mail wrote "Badsville's an ugly place, but the acting/directing chops in this indie film brighten it considerably".
Gary Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times said, "Forget the cheapo title, Badsville is a powerful, deeply felt crime drama about letting go of the past and getting out of Dodge - before it's too late".
# Bakary Gassama

Bakary Papa Gassama (born 10 February 1979) is a Gambian football referee. He became a FIFA referee in 2007. He officiated at the 2012 Olympic tournament, in which he was the fourth official for the gold medal match between Mexico and Brazil. He also served as a referee at the 2012 and 2013 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, as well as the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.
In March 2013, FIFA named Gassama as one of the fifty potential referees for the 2014 World Cup. On 15 January 2014, FIFA announced that he would be one of the 25 referees for the tournament. His assistants were announced to be Evarist Menkouandé and Felicien Kabanda. He officiated the third group stage match in group B between the Netherlands and Chile on 23 June 2014. He officiated the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations Final match on 8 February 2015 between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.
On 27 April 2017, Gassama was selected as CAF's sole referee for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. His assistants were announced to be Jean Claude Birumushahu (Burundi) and Marwa Range (Kenya), and his video assistant referee was appointed to be Malang Diedhiou (Senegal). His only match at the competition was the Group A match between Mexico and New Zealand on 21 June 2017.
On 29 March 2018, FIFA announced that he had been selected to officiate some matches at 2018 FIFA World Cup along with Jean-Claude Birumushahu and Marwa Range as assistant referees.
FIFA announced that he had been selected to officiate some matches at 2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar.
# Perry Township, Coshocton County, Ohio

Perry Township is one of the twenty-two townships of Coshocton County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 635.

## Geography

Located in the far western part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Newcastle Township - north
* Jefferson Township - northeast corner
* Bedford Township - east
* Pike Township - south
* Fallsbury Township, Licking County - southwest
* Jackson Township, Knox County - west
* Butler Township, Knox County - northwest corner
No municipalities are located in Perry Township, although the unincorporated community of New Guilford lies in the township's northwest.

## Name and history

It is one of twenty-six Perry Townships statewide.
Perry Township was organized in 1817. It was named for Oliver Hazard Perry, a hero of the War of 1812.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
# Burg Liebenstein

Burg Liebenstein is the name of a number of castles:
* Burg Liebenstein (Thuringia), Liebenstein, Ilm-Kreis in Thuringia
* Burg Liebenstein (Rhein), Kamp-Bornhofen in Rhineland-Palatinate
* Burg Liebenstein (Bayern) bei Plößberg in Bavaria
* Burgstall Liebenstein, Bad Kötzting in Bayern
* Burg Liebenstein (Wartburgkreis) bei Bad Liebenstein in Thuringia
* Burg Liebenstein (Tschechien) in Libá (Liebenstein) bei Eger (Cheb) in Czech Republic
# Burg Karlstein

Burg Karlstein is a castle in Lower Austria, Austria.
# Perigea pectinata

Perigea pectinata is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1868. It is found on Cuba and the Dominican Republic.
# Gioia Ghezzi

Gioia Ghezzi (born 12 January 1962, in Milan) is an Italian businesswoman, president of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane between December 2015 and July 2018, president of Azienda Trasporti Milanesi since April 2020 and president of the European Institute of Technology since June 2020.

## Early life and education

Ghezzi graduated in Theoretical Physics from Milan University, before taking a Master's degree in Business Administration with a focus on Finance from London Business School. In 2004 she gave birth to her only daughter, Laura Ghezzi, she is a student at Liceo Manzoni Milano.

## Career

Ghezzi began her career as a system engineer at the IBM European Research Centre in Rome and the IBM Italian Research Centre in Milan. From 1995 to 2001 she was Executive Editor and international manager of the Hard Sciences Business Unit at Harcourt General - Academic Press.
Ghezzi continued her career working from 2001 to 2012 at McKinsey & Company, and in 2013 as CEO of the International Group Risk Solutions at the Zurich Insurance Group.
From April 2012 to February 2013 Ghezzi was Chief Operating Officer at Willis Group Holding.
In December 2015, Ghezzi was appointed President of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. She held the position till July 2018.
In September 2016, at Tiburtina railway station in Rome, Ghezzi presented the 2016–2027 Business Plan together with Renato Mazzoncini, CEO and General Director of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. She gave the opening speech and stated that "the new business plan for Ferrovie dello Stato is an ‘extremely innovative’ plan that aims to transform the company from a ‘group that offers rail transport to a supplier of integrated mobility services’".
In April 2020, Ghezzi was named president of Azienda Trasporti Milanesi.

## Other activities

* Atlantia, Independent Member of the Board of Directors
* RGI Group, Chairwoman of the Board of Directors
* Creditor Fondiario, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2018)
* Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group
# Perzinfotel

Perzinfotel (EAA-090) is a drug which acts as a potent NMDA antagonist. It has neuroprotective effects and has been investigated for the treatment of stroke, but lacks analgesic effects. Nevertheless, it shows a good safety profile compared to older drugs, although further development of this drug has been discontinued.
Prodrugs were developed since the oral bioavailability of perzinfotel is only around 3-5%.
# Bust of Cardinal Roberto Bellarmine

The Bust of Cardinal Roberto Bellarmine is a half-length portrait of Saint Robert Bellarmine by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It was executed in the years 1621–1624, and unveiled in August 1624. It sits in the Chiesa del Gesù, Rome. It was commissioned by Pope Gregory XV and Cardinal Odoardo Farnese after Bellarmine's death. A tomb (now-destroyed) surrounding the bust was designed by Girolamo Rainaldi, and included sculptural decoration by Bernini's father, Pietro, and Bernini's some-time assistant, Giuliano Finelli.
The bust was on display at the Fairfield University Art Museum in Fairfield, Connecticut from February 2 to May 19, 2018 in a special exhibition.
# Clepsis persicana

Clepsis persicana, the white triangle tortrix or the green needleworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alaska and British Columbia to Newfoundland and south to Virginia and west to California. The habitat consists of coniferous and mixed coniferous forests.
The larva is slender and very active, with yellow head and wide, indistinct greyish stripes on the body. In Ontario, larvae have been collected in late May and June. Measures to control green needleworms have not been needed. The length of the forewings is 8.5-10.5 mm for males and 10–11 mm for females. The forewings are orange basally, becoming darker and purplish towards the termen, which is pale. Adults are on wing from June to August in one generation per year.
The larvae have been recorded feeding on a wide range of deciduous and coniferous trees, including Acer (including Acer negundo), Osmorhiza, Solidago, Alnus (including Alnus viridis, Alnus incana), Betula (Betula papyrifera, Betula nana), Corylus, Cornus canadensis, Rhododendron canadense, Vaccinium, Frasera (including Frasera fastigiata), Ribes, Maianthemum canadense, Comptonia peregrina, Fraxinus, Abies (including Abies balsamea, Abies concolor, Abies lasiocarpa), Larix (Larix occidentalis), Picea (including Picea glauca, Picea engelmannii), Pinus (including Pinus banksiana), Pseudotsuga (including Pseudotsuga menziesii), Ceanothus, Malus pumila, Prunus (including Prunus virginiana, Prunus persica), Rosa, Rubus, Populus (including Populus tremuloides, Populus balsamifera), Salix and Ulmus. They web the leaves of their host plant and feed in the calyx. Young larvae lower themselves on a silk thread and search for abandoned shelters of other Tortricidae species. If no such shelter is found, the larvae will feed on cover plants on the ground. The species overwinters as a mid-instar larva. Pupation takes place under the bark of their host plant or in amongst fallen leaves at the base of a tree. The larvae have a yellowish-green or greyish-green body and a yellowish-brown head. They can be found from April to June.
# Permutation model

In mathematical set theory, a permutation model is a model of set theory with atoms (ZFA) constructed using a group of permutations of the atoms. A symmetric model is similar except that it is a model of ZF (without atoms) and is constructed using a group of permutations of a forcing poset. One application is to show the independence of the axiom of choice from the other axioms of ZFA or ZF. Permutation models were introduced by Fraenkel (1922) and developed further by Mostowski (1938). Symmetric models were introduced by Paul Cohen.

## Construction of permutation models

Suppose that A is a set of atoms, and G is a group of permutations of A. A normal filter of G is a collection F of subgroups of G such that
* G is in F
* The intersection of two elements of F is in F
* Any subgroup containing an element of F is in F
* Any conjugate of an element of F is in F
* The subgroup fixing any element of A is in F.
If V is a model of ZFA with A the set of atoms, then an element of V is called symmetric if the subgroup fixing it is in F, and is called hereditarily symmetric if it and all elements of its transitive closure are symmetric. The permutation model consists of all hereditarily symmetric elements, and is a model of ZFA.

## Construction of filters on a group

A filter on a group can be constructed from an invariant ideal on of the Boolean algebra of subsets of A containing all elements of A. Here an ideal is a collection I of subsets of A closed under taking finite unions and subsets, and is called invariant if it is invariant under the action of the group G. For each element S of the ideal one can take the subgroup of G consisting of all elements fixing every element S. These subgroups generate a normal filter of G.
# Giovanni Antonio Galli (physician)

Giovanni Antonio Galli (1708–1782) was a physician who pioneered the teaching of obstetrics in Bologna using three-dimensional models.
Giovanni Antonio Galli was born in 1708. He was appointed a Professor in the School of Surgery of the University of Bologna. Galli opened a school on obstetrics in his house. He encouraged Anna Morandi Manzolini, wife and assistant of the wax anatomical modeler Giovanni Manzolini, to give private lectures on anatomy. She had learned from her husband and from her own experience in dissection, and gained a European reputation. Anna Morandi was widowed in 1755. Soon after, she was appointed Professor of Anatomy at the Academy of Sciences of Bologna Institute.
In 1757 Galli was made Professor of Obstetrics at the Bologna Institute in the Palazzo Poggi, and the next year Pope Benedict XIV overrode opposition and established a school of obstetrics at the Institute. The Pope acquired Galli's collection of teaching models for use in the Institute's school. Galli's first twenty models were made by the Manzolinis, and eventually the institute would have over 150 obstetrical models. Galli invented a machine to simulate the birthing process for teaching medical students and midwives. Galli's school was unusual in combining theory and practice in his teaching method, and at that time unusual in teaching the subject in a medical and surgical school. He died in 1782.