OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bala Garba Jahumpa

Bala Garba Jahumpa (born 20 July 1958 in Banjul) is a Gambian politician and diplomat.

## Early life and education

Bala is the son of I.M. Garba-Jahumpa. He attended two high schools in Gambia from 1970 to 1975, then Suffield Academy and Vassar College in the U.S. from 1975 to 1980. He graduated from Vassar with a bachelor's degree in International Relations and Political Science. Later, from 1987 to 1989, Jahumpa attended Birmingham University in the United Kingdom, where he received his master's degree in Development Administration.

## Political career

Jahumpa served as Minister of Finance of the Gambia from 1994 to 1995. On 20 March 1995 he was named Minister of Trade, Industry and Employment, but on 5 July 1995 he was again appointed as Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs, serving in that position until 1997. He was then Deputy High Commissioner of the Gambia in the United Kingdom from July 1997 to May 1999 and was Acting High Commissioner there from May 1999 to June 2001. After serving for a time as Ambassador to Cuba, he became Secretary of State for Works, Construction and Infrastructure in October 2003. On 26 October 2006, President Yahya Jammeh revoked Maba Jobe's appointment as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and appointed Jahumpa in his place, with effect from the previous day. Jahumpa himself was replaced in this position by Crispin Grey-Johnson in mid-September 2007.
Jahumpa was subsequently designated as Ambassador to Venezuela. On October 3, he was brought in for questioning regarding a passport scam, along with several other officials at the Foreign Affairs Department. Although arrested, he was soon exonerated by the police. After his mandate as Ambassador of the Gambia to Venezuela and Spain he was appointed in November 2012 as Minister of Health in the Gambia
# Cross-sequential study

A cross-sequential design is a research method that combines both a longitudinal design and a cross-sectional design. It aims to correct for some of the problems inherent in the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
In a cross-sequential design (also called an "accelerated longitudinal" or "convergence" design), a researcher wants to study development over some large period of time within the lifespan. Rather than studying particular individuals across that whole period of time (e.g. 20–60 years) as in a longitudinal design, or multiple individuals of different ages at one time (e.g. 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 years) as in a cross-sectional design, the researcher chooses a smaller time window (e.g. 20 years) to study multiple individuals of different starting ages. An example of a cross-sequential design is shown in the table below.
| cohort | age | age | age |
| A | 20 | 25 | 30 |
| B | 25 | 30 | 35 |
| C | 30 | 35 | 40 |
| D | 35 | 40 | 45 |
| E | 40 | 45 | 50 |
| F | 45 | 50 | 55 |
| G | 50 | 55 | 60 |
| year of measurement: | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
In this table, over a span of 10 years, from 2000 to 2010, 7 overlapping cohorts with different starting ages could be studied to provide information on the whole span of development from ages 20 to 60.
This design has been used in studies to investigate career trajectories in academia and other phenomena.
# Niall Campbell (poet)

Niall Campbell (born 1984), is a Scottish poet. He has published two poetry collections and a poetry pamphlet. He was a recipient of the Eric Gregory Award in 2011, winner of the Edwin Morgan Poetry Award in 2014, and was recipient of the Saltire First Book of the Year award.

## Biography

Campbell was born in 1984 in South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. He studied English literature at the University of Glasgow, where he began writing poetry. He later completed a MLitt in creative writing at the University of St. Andrews in 2009. Campbell currently lives in Leeds.
In 2011, Campbell was the recipient of an Eric Gregory Award and Robert Louis Stevenson Fellowship.
In 2013, he won the Poetry London Competition with his poem, The Letter Always Arrives at its Destination. He also was the recipient of a Jerwood/Arvon mentorship in 2013. In 2012, Campbell's poetry pamphlet, After the Creel Fleet was published by HappenStance Press.
Campbell's first poetry collection, Moontide was published by Bloodaxe Books in 2014. The collection won the 2014 Edwin Morgan Poetry award and was recipient of the Saltire First Book of the Year award. The collection was also shortlisted for the Fenton Aldeburgh First Collection Prize, the Saltire First Book of the Year Award, and the Forward Prize for Best First Collection.
Campbell's second poetry collection, First Nights, was published in the United States in 2017, as part of the Princeton Series of Contemporary Poets. The collection includes the poems in Moontide, along with sixteen new poems. In 2019, Bloodaxe Books published Noctuary, Campell's latest poetry collection.

## Selected publications

* Moontide, (Bloodaxe Books, 2011), poetry collection
* After the Creel Fleet , poetry pamphlet
* First Nights: Poems (Princeton Series of Contemporary Poets)", (Princeton University Press, 2017), poetry collection
* Noctuary, Bloodaxe Books, 2019, poetry collection

## Awards and recognition

* Eric Gregory Award, (2011)
* Robert Louis Stevenson Fellowship, (2011)
* Edwin Morgan Poetry Prize, (2014)
* Saltire Society First Book of the Year Award, Moontide, (2014)
* Shortlisted for the Forward Poetry Prize for best first collection of poetry, (2014)
* Shortlisted for the Aldeburgh Prize for the best first collection of poetry, (2014)
# Nicolet Bird Sanctuary

The Nicolet Bird sanctuary is a protected area in Quebec and one of the 28 migratory bird sanctuary of that province. This refuge protects a migratory halt for duck and Canada goose and also a nesting area for waterfowl. It is located a few kilometers west of Nicolet on the south shore of Lake Saint Pierre.

## Geography

The bird sanctuary is located west of Nicolet, Quebec on the south shore of Lake Saint Pierre to the village of Baie-du-Febvre. It also includes some islands of the Delta of the Nicolet River. The site is considered to be a central area of the Lac Saint-Pierre Biosphere Reserve in Canada 2000, as Ramsar Site in 1998 and as the Important Birds Conservation Area (ZICO).
The site is located in the town of Nicolet and the municipality of Baie-du-Febvre, both located in Nicolet-Yamaska and the Centre-du-Québec region.

### Relief

The site is low-lying and is flooded every Spring. The vegetation passes from the aquatic environment, to a marsh of fluviatile bulb, to a swamp, a forest and finally abandoned fields.

## History

National Defense acquired the site in the 1950s. The site was recognized as a resting place in 1969 and as a refuge in 1982.

## Natural Heritage
### Fauna

During the spring migration, there were nearly 500,000 snow goose ("Chen caerulescens"), or nearly all of the population of species atlantica. It is also an important site for the migration of Canada (Branta canadensis), where more than 100,000 individuals were observed in 1998. There are also a number (Black duck) (Anas rubripes) and of black scoter (Melanitta nigra). During the autumn, there are a significant number of pintail ("Anas acuta"), small scaup ("Aythya affinis"), Scaup and golden-eye withered (Bucephala clangula).
Ducks nesting on the site are the Aix sponsa, the nasal duck, Anas clypeata, the gill duck, Anas strepera), 'American Anas americana', 'Aythya collaris', teal (Anas crecca) and the Blue-winged teal (Anas discors). It also serves as a breeding ground for red-necked ducks (Aythya americana), Oxyura jamaicensis and Wilson's phalarope] (Steganopus tricolor).
* Song Sparrow
* Swamp Sparrow
* Black Tern
# Nicolet Badger Northern Railroad

The Nicolet Badger Northern Railway (Reporting Marks NBN) was a logging railroad that operated within the Nicolet National Forest in Northern Wisconsin. The NBN operated over 38 miles of track from Wabeno, Wisconsin north to Tipler, Wisconsin.

## History

In 1896, a company named the Wisconsin Northern Railway was organized to build 115 miles of track north from a junction near Gillett on the Chicago & Northwestern line. Forty-six miles of track were completed as far as Wabeno in 1897, and the line was purchased immediately by C&NW and merged into the system, in 1899 the line was extended to Siding 62, about five miles north of Laona. This was as far as it could go without crossing the Soo Line north of Laona. After a Lengthy Legal Struggle, the C&NW was finally allowed to cross the Soo tracks at grade in 1905. Pulpwood was practically the only business on the Laona Line by the end of 1961.
Traffic volume continued to drop off until operation was reduced to a single train a week. In 1979, the ICC gave C&NW permission to abandon the line. As reported in the Summer 1983 Northwestern Line Magazine, a 37.79-mile segment of the line between Wabeno and Tipler was sold for continued operation as a short line. The last time a Chicago & Northwestern crew operated a train on the Laona Line was June 29, 1979.
The line was bought by WISDOT the same year, when the C&NW abandoned it. In 1983 the Nicolet Badger Northern Railway Limited was formed to run revenue freight to the Soo Line at Laona Jct. After severe loss of business in the early 1990s the NBN ceased operation on December 30, 1994. Today the former right-of-way is now part of the Nicolet State Trail.

## Rolling Stock

Nicolet Badger Northern Rolling Stock :
| Number | Marked | Type | Prev owners | Other |
| 82083 | NBNR | Caboose | Tomahawk Railway. | Ex-MTW, |

## Motive Power

Nicolet Badger Northern Motive Power :
| Number | Model | Prev owners | Other |
| 62 | EMD NW2 | Tomahawk Railway. | Ex-DTI 914, Now MWLX 62. |
| 103 | Whitcomb 65 Ton | Laona and Northern Railway. | Ex-LNO 103, Scrapped 2006 |
| 207 | Baldwin RS-12 | Escanaba and Lake Superior Railroad. | Leased from ELS, Inactive. |
# Nidoki

Nidoki is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Nidoki. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative.

## Demography

According to the 2011 Census of India, Nidoki has total number of 22 houses and population of 108 of which include 53 males and 55 females. Literacy rate of Nidoki is 71.28%, lower than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 14 which is 12.96% of total population of Nidoki, and child sex ratio is approximately 1000, higher than state average of 846.
# Crug Eryr Castle

Crug Eryr Castle (Castell Crug Eryr) was a motte and bailey-style castle located atop a hill adjacent to the A44 about 2 miles northwest of Llanfihangel Nant Melan, near New Radnor in Powys, Wales. Crug Eryr, which means "the eagle's mount," was likely situated to block the mountain pass into Maelienydd.
The castle's exact origins are unclear, though some scholars believe it belonged to the princes of Maelienydd, considering that Maelgwn ap Cadwallon, 'Prince of Melenia' (i.e. Maelienydd) son of Cadwallon ap Madog, received the Archbishop of Canterbury at Crug Eryr Castle in March 1188. This occasion was an early stop on the Tour of Wales during which the Archbishop was accompanied by Gerald of Wales. This tour was intended as a recruiting campaign of the Third Crusade.
The herald-bard Llywelyn Crug Eryr lived here in about 1300.
# Crug Mawr

Crug Mawr is a hill in the Black Mountains in the Brecon Beacons National Park in southern Powys, Wales. Its summit at a height of 550 m (1,805 ft) is marked by a trig point. The peak sits high above the valleys of the Grwyne Fawr and Grwyne Fechan to the north of the more well-known Sugar Loaf. The views from here across the Black Mountains are wide-ranging and also extend eastwards across Monmouthshire. Four ridges run off to the northwest, east, southeast and southwest, the last ending in the subsidiary summit of Blaen-yr-henbant.

## Access

All of the upper slopes of the hill are designated as open country. A bridleway runs up from the minor road east of Llanbedr and then on northwards to Mynydd Du Forest. The Beacons Way runs across the slopes of the hill between Partrishow and Llanbedr.

## Geology

In common with other hills in the Black Mountains, Crug Mawr is formed from mudstones and sandstones of the Old Red Sandstone laid down during the Devonian period but there is little rock exposed at the surface other than in the beds of the streams which occupy valleys such as Cwm Milaid and Cwm Beusych.
# Megachile simlaensis

Megachile simlaensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Cameron in 1909.
# Cosmic music

Cosmic music may refer to:
* Afro/Cosmic music, synthesizer-heavy and/or African-influenced dance music
* Krautrock, sometimes called "kosmische musick"
* Space music, a subgenre of new-age music
Cosmic Music may refer to:
* Cosmic Couriers, a German experimental/space-rock label
* Cosmic Music, a jazz album by John and Alice Coltrane
* Cosmic Music, a Pink Floyd bootleg recording
* Cosmic Music, a 1989 book by Joscelyn Godwin
# Arctostaphylos klamathensis

Arctostaphylos klamathensis, with the common name Klamath manzanita, is a species of manzanita. It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of far northern California, where it was first described during an ecological survey in Cedar Basin near the border between Siskiyou and Trinity Counties in 1982.

## Description

The Arctostaphylos klamathensis is a low-lying, matted shrub forming tangles and mounds no taller than one half meter. Its foliage and twigs are coated with glandular bristles. The leaves are dull, rough, and up to 3.5 centimeters long. The inflorescence is a rounded cluster of manzanita flowers, and it bears spherical drupes with seeds fused into a single hard body.

## Habitat

Arctostaphylos klamathensis is a resident of open areas in the forest and the local mountain chaparral plant community, where it is the dominant shrub in some spots.
# Electric Joy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Electric Joy is the third studio album by guitarist Richie Kotzen, released in 1991 through Shrapnel Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Richie Kotzen

## Personnel

* Richie Kotzen – guitar, bass, tubular bell, arrangement, engineering, mixing, production
* Atma Anur – drums, percussion
* Mark Rennick – engineering, mixing
* Shawn Morris – engineering
* Tom Coyne – mastering
# Brickellia mcdonaldii

Brickellia mcdonaldii is a Mexican species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northeastern Mexico in the state of Tamaulipas.
Brickellia mcdonaldii is a perennial herb up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall. The plant flower heads in groups of 5–8, with purplish disc florets but no ray florets.
The species is named for American botanist Andrew McDonald.
# Chuan

Chuan may refer to:
* Quan, a Chinese surname
* Chuan (food), a food originating in Xinjiang
* Abbreviation for Sichuan
# Carles Comamala

Carles Comamala López-Del Pan (17 April 1889 – 4 August 1983) was an orthopedic surgeon by profession and a football player for Barcelona between 1903 and 1911. He was a director of Barcelona in 1909–1911.

## Early life and career

Born in Madrid, the capital of Spain, to a Basque father and a Canarian mother.
In 1903, he joined Barcelona, when his friend Joan Gamper, president of FC Barcelona who had founded the club in 1899, retired. Comamala was a great striker who stood out for his side, scoring throughout his long career. He scored a total of 172 goals in 154 games for the club.
He had a very active life and also founded the Irish football team, the Galen and the University. He also played for FC Casual. He practised rugby and swimming, made occasional journalistic writings and became founder and first President of the Catalan Federation of Gymnastics, the forerunner of the Catalan Federation of Gymnastics, in 1923.
Comamala played several matches for the Catalan national team between 1910 and 1912, scoring two goals, the first of which came in Catalonia's first-ever international game on 24 July 1910 (although not recognized by FIFA), a 1-3 loss to a Paris XI.
Carlos Comamala was considered a great cartoonist; he was the creator of the original idea for the current coat of arms of FC Barcelona, then won the public tender for Barça in 1910 to better design their shield.

## Personal life

His brothers Arseni and Áureo were also footballers, who both also played for Barcelona. He was also the designer of the FC Barcelona club crest when he won a public competition held in 1910.

## Honors

* Spanish Championships: 1909–10
* Catalan Championships: 1904–05, 1908–09, 1909–10 and 1910–11
* Pyrenees Cup: 1901–10 and 1910–11
# Voorst-Empe railway station

Voorst-Empe is a railway station serving the villages Voorst and Empe in the Netherlands. The station was opened in 1876 (as Voorst), closed in 1938 and reopened in 2006. It is located on the Amsterdam–Zutphen railway, between Apeldoorn and Zutphen. The train services are operated by Arriva.

## Train services

The following services currently call at Voorst-Empe:
* 2x per hour local services (stoptrein) Apeldoorn - Zutphen
# Mumtaz Hussain

Mumtaz Hussain may refer to:
* Mumtaz Hussain (cricketer), Indian first-class cricketer
* Mumtaz Hussain (solicitor), British-Bangladeshi solicitor
* Mumtaz Hussain (filmmaker), American-Pakistani filmmaker
# Community Medical Center

Community Medical Center may refer to:
* Community Medical Center (Montana)
* Adventist Health Hanford, formerly Hanford Community Medical Center
* Community Medical Center (New Jersey) in Toms River
* Community Medical Center Long Beach
* Community Medical Center (Nebraska) in Falls City
* Cordova Community Medical Center in Cordova, Alaska
* Putnam Community Medical Center in Putnam, Florida
* Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno, California
# Velež (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Velež (Serbian Cyrillic: Вележ), named after the Slavic pagan god Veles, is a mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the south-central part of the Herzegovina region, overlooking the largest regional city of Mostar.
The highest peak of Velež mountain is called Botin, and it is 1,969 meters high.
Other large settlements in the Velež vicinity are Nevesinje, which is located in a secluded mountain valley, Blagaj, small historic settlement which is located near the source of the Buna river, and village of Podvelež which is situated immediately below the summit of the mountain.
# Mufti Nurunnessa Khatun

Mufti Nurunnessa Khatun Sylheti: ꠝꠥꠚꠔꠤ ꠘꠥꠞꠥꠘ꠆ꠘꠦꠍꠣ ꠈꠣꠔꠥꠘ (31 December 1939 – 4 December 1997) was a Bangladeshi writer, academic, and botanist.

## Early life

Khatun was born on 31 December 1939 in Sylhet, Assam, British Raj. She lived in Shillong during her childhood. In 1947 she moved to Sylhet, the same year Sylhet was joined to East Bengal to become part of the future state of Pakistan through the Sylhet referendum. She graduated from Government Girls' School in Sylhet in 1953. She graduated from Murari Chand College after completing her ISc and BSc. She did her MSc in Mycology and Phytopathology from the University of Dhaka.

## Career

She taught briefly at Quaid-e-Azam College, Dhaka and Women's College, Sylhet. In 1967, she joined Murari Chand College in Sylhet and in 1967 she became an assistant professor in Jagannath College. She went to England for further studies and graduated in 1971 with an MSc from the University of Liverpool. She became a member of the Royal National Rose Society in England. She then taught at Eden Girls' College and from 1973 to 1975 she taught in Begum Badrunnessa Mohila College. She was promoted to the head of the Departments of Botany and Zoology in 1975 at Begum Badrunnessa Mohila College, a position she held till 1981. The same year she founded Bangladesh National Rose Society. She organized rose exhibitions in Bangladesh and helped establish Floriculture in the country. In 1992 she joined Khulna Mohila College as Vice-Principal and professor of Botany. She retired the same year for health reasons. She was a lifelong member of Bangladesh Botanical Society. She wrote a book about roses, Golap.

## Death

Khatun died on 4 December 1997.
# Vratislav Štěpánek

Vratislav Štěpánek (18 June 1930, Vrútky – 21 July 2013, Šlapanice) was a clergyman, a bishop, and for a period from 1991 to 1994 the fifth patriarch of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church.
In 1989, he had been assigned as Bishop of the Brno diocese of the church, a position that he kept ten years until 1999. On 16 March 1991, he was also elected to the office of patriarch for three years until 1994, therefore, holding both offices in parallel during that period. His patriarchy was during the politically and socially aggravated period of the first phase of the post-communist changes in Czechoslovakia.
He was also a Member of the Czech National Council from 1986 to 1990.
| Preceded byMiroslav Novák | Patriarch of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church 1991–1994 | Succeeded byJosef Špak |
# Concierto de almas

Concierto de almas may refer to:
* Concierto de almas (TV series), a 1969 Mexican telenovela
* Concierto de almas (film), a 1942 Argentine film
# Microregion of Serra de São Miguel

Serra de São Miguel was a microregion in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte.

## Municipalities

The microregion consisted of the following municipalities:
* Água Nova
* Coronel João Pessoa
* Doutor Severiano
* Ecnanto
* Luís Gomes
* Major Sales
* Riacho de Santana
* São Miguel
* Venha-Ver
# Vemandampalayam

Vemandampalayam is a panchayat village in Gobichettipalayam taluk in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about 33 km from Gobichettipalayam and 70 km from district headquarters Erode. The village is located on the road connecting Gobichettipalayam with Avinashi and also Nambiyur to Punjai Puliampatti. Vemandampalayam has a population of about 3610.
# Michigan Educational Assessment Program

The Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) was a standardized test. The test was taken by all public school students in the U.S. state of Michigan from elementary school to middle/junior high school from the 1969–70 school year to the 2013–14 school year. For high school students the MEAP test was replaced in the 2006–07 school year by the Michigan Merit Exam., .
The test was replaced in the 2014–15 school year by the Michigan Student Test of Educational Progress, or M-STEP.
The tests have high content validity with respect to the subject specific curriculum for the particular grade level in the State of Michigan. The participation at MEAP testing sessions is mandatory for all public school students. (Journal of Vocational Behavior 60, 178–198 (2002)

## History

The program was started by the State Board of Education and supported by then Governor William G. Millken. The MEAP tests were first administered during the 1969–70 school year for the purpose of determining at various points in a student's career, their progress compared to standards set by the State Board of Education. As of Spring 2015 the MEAP has been replaced with the M-STEP (Michigan Student Test of Educational Progress).