OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fritz Müntner

Fritz Müntner (6 November 1870 – 31 March 1934) was a German trade union leader.
Born in Wriezen, Müntner completed an apprenticeship as a saddler and travelled extensively in his journeyman years, before settling in Berlin in 1894. He joined the Union of Saddlers of Germany and also the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). From 1902, he began working full-time for the union, running its health insurance scheme in Berlin. In 1905/06, he served as the SPD secretary in Rixdorf.
Müntner became known for his strong administrative skills, and in 1906 was elected as national treasurer of his union. He actively supported its merger into the Union of Saddlers and Portfolio Makers in 1909, and then became the editor of the new union's journal, Sattler- und Portefeuiller-Zeitung. However, he felt that the union was being badly run and resigned in 1911. He found work as the Leipzig district leader of the Union of Municipal and State Workers, where he soon overcame resistance to the appointment of someone from outside the union. In 1912, he was instead appointed as chair of the union's Greater Berlin district, although he did not take up the post until 1914. In the role, he focused on supporting the relatives of members who had been called up to fight in World War I, and also served on the city's Nutrition Committee. He also negotiated a maximum eight-hour working day for most city workers.
After the November Revolution, union membership in Berlin grew rapidly, but Müntner faced criticism from the left wing of the union for having supported the war effort. Despite this, in 1919, he was elected as national vice president of the union. In 1920, the union's president resigned, and Müntner was appointed to replace him. That year, he was also elected to Berlin City Council.
As leader of the union, Müntner served on the Provisional National Economic Council, and the executive of the General German Trade Union Confederation (ADGB). He advocated compulsory arbitration in disputes and a national eight-hour working day, and argued against resistance to the Occupation of the Ruhr.
In 1929, Müntner was elected as general secretary of the International Federation of Employees in Public Services. He immediately organised an international congress of energy workers, to campaign against privatisation, but thereafter struggled to achieve much in the role, as the federation's finances worsened. This financial struggle also affected the Union of Municipal and State Workers, and Müntner arranged for it to merge with several other unions to form the General Union of Public Sector and Transport Workers (GV); he became its joint president.
Just before the union merger, Müntner became seriously ill with heart problems. He recovered sufficiently to become the auditor of the ADGB in 1931, but retired from all his trade union posts in October 1932. GV was banned in 1933, and Müntner had to leave his union-owned apartment. He died the following year.
# Fritz Müller (disambiguation)

Fritz Müller (1821–1897) was a German biologist active in Brazil.
Fritz Müller may also refer to:
* Fritz Müller (doctor) (1834–1895), Swiss doctor, zoologist, and herpetologist
* Fritz Mueller (1907–2001), German engineer
* Fritz Müller (glaciologist) (1926–1980), Swiss, gave name to Muller Ice Shelf
* Fritz Müller (pilot), former German Luftwaffe flying ace
* Fritz Müller (politician) (1920-2001)
* Fritz Müller (racing driver) (born 1941), German former racing driver in 1993 24 Hours of Le Mans
* Fritz Müller (rugby union), German rugby union player
* Fritz Müller (typographer)
# Dennett Richardson

Dennett LeRoy Richardson (September 12, 1879 – September 6, 1946) was an American hospital administrator and college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Bates College in 1903, before embarking on a career in medicine. Richardson was a hospital superintendent in Rhode Island.
Richardson was born on September 12, 1879, in Newport, Maine, to Dr. Leroy Richardson and Mary (Coburn) Richardson. He attended public schools in Newport before moving on to Bates, where he played football and basketball and was captain of the track team before graduating in 1900. Richardson earned a medical degree in 1905 from the University of Pennsylvania and played on the 1902 Penn Quakers football team.
Richardson was the superintendent for over 30 years at Charles V. Chapin Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1940, he took on the same role at Rhode Island Hospital, also in Providence. He died on September 6, 1946, in Providence.
# French Equal Opportunities and Anti-Discrimination Commission

The French Equal Opportunities and Anti-Discrimination Commission (French Haute autorité de lutte contre les discriminations et pour l'égalité or HALDE) is a French "independent administrative authority" which "has the right to judge all discrimination, direct or indirect, that is prohibited by law or an international agreement to which France is a signatory."
HALDE was created by law n° 2004-1486 on 30 December 2004, published in the Journal officiel on 31 December 2004.

## Composition

HALDE has twelve members who are appointed by the French President for five-year terms. They can neither be expelled from their posts nor reappointed at the end of them. New members are added every thirty months, with five members being removed at this time (the president of HALDE stays, however). Thus, five of the first members were limited to 30 month-terms. These five will be selected randomly at HALDE's first meeting.
HALDE's members are chosen according to the following allotment:
* two members (one woman and one man) share the presidency—they are selected by the French president;
* two members (one woman and one man) are selected by the president of the French Senate;
* two members (one woman and one man) are chosen by the president par president of the French National Assembly;
* two members (one woman and one man) are chosen by the prime minister;
* one member (male or female) is chosen by the vice-president of the Council of State;
* one member (male or female) is chosen by the first president of the Cour de cassation;
* one member (male or female) is chosen by president of the French Economic and Social Council.

## Duties

HALDE is aided by a consultative committee named by itself, including people who "have an activity within the scope of the struggle against discrimination and for the promotion of equality."
Cases are submitted to HALDE in three different ways:
* Anyone who believes himself or herself to have been a victim of discrimination can appeal to HALDE, either independently, through a member of the National Assembly, through a senator or through a French MEP;
* HALDE can take pursue cases of discrimination itself, with the agreement of the alleged victim;
* Any group (that is at least five years old) whose charter aims to "fight discrimination or to help victims of discrimination" can accompany the case of an individual who believes to have been a victim of discrimination, if this individual wants this.
HALDE is entitled to lead various hearings as well as investigations; it can also send files to the procureur de la République. HALDE also promotes equality generally, and can recommend modifications of existing laws or rules, and publishes a public annual report concerning its performance of its duties.

## HALDE's members

President:
* Louis Schweitzer (former CEO of Renault), appointed 3 March 2005
* Jeanette Bougrab, 16 April 2010
* Éric Molinié, 10 December 2010
# La Fère

La Fère (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in France. It was once famous for its military school (1720), one the oldest commissioned for instructing ordnance officers.

## History

During World War II, Nazi Germany operated the Stalag 191 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in La Fère.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 2,483 | — |
| 1800 | 2,600 | +0.66% |
| 1806 | 2,721 | +0.76% |
| 1821 | 2,678 | −0.11% |
| 1831 | 2,792 | +0.42% |
| 1836 | 2,651 | −1.03% |
| 1841 | 3,911 | +8.09% |
| 1846 | 4,632 | +3.44% |
| 1851 | 4,441 | −0.84% |
| 1856 | 4,122 | −1.48% |
| 1861 | 4,061 | −0.30% |
| 1866 | 4,984 | +4.18% |
| 1872 | 4,158 | −2.97% |
| 1876 | 4,914 | +4.26% |
| 1881 | 5,109 | +0.78% |
| 1886 | 4,951 | −0.63% |
| 1891 | 5,394 | +1.73% |
| 1896 | 5,011 | −1.46% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 4,982 | −0.12% |
| 1906 | 4,745 | −0.97% |
| 1911 | 5,095 | +1.43% |
| 1921 | 2,136 | −8.33% |
| 1926 | 3,161 | +8.15% |
| 1931 | 3,331 | +1.05% |
| 1936 | 3,533 | +1.18% |
| 1946 | 2,750 | −2.47% |
| 1954 | 3,485 | +3.01% |
| 1962 | 3,161 | −1.21% |
| 1968 | 3,703 | +2.67% |
| 1975 | 3,531 | −0.68% |
| 1982 | 2,979 | −2.40% |
| 1990 | 2,930 | −0.21% |
| 1999 | 2,817 | −0.44% |
| 2007 | 2,962 | +0.63% |
| 2012 | 2,982 | +0.13% |
| 2017 | 2,859 | −0.84% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Freshwater, Bell Island, Newfoundland and Labrador

Freshwater is a village in Newfoundland and Labrador. It is located in Placentia Bay on Bell Island, just west of Bickfordville and south of Wabana.

## History

Before World War 2, Freshwater was a tiny fishing settlement. Between 1941 and 1964, the population of Freshwater increased by a significant percentage due to the establishment of the naval base at Argentia. However, the population of Freshwater declined between 1972 and 1981. Freshwater now has a local community centre called La Fontaine. The community centre offers various activities for residents.
# Karkams

Karkams is a town in Namakwa District Municipality in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.
# Cebu (disambiguation)
## Places

Cebu is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas (Region VII) region.
Cebu may also refer to:
* Cebu City, an independent highly urbanized city and the capital & largest city of the island province of Cebu
* Metro Cebu or Cebu Metropolitan Area, the metropolitan area centered on Cebu City
* Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral, a Roman Catholic church in Cebu City
* Cebu Strait, a strait in Central Visayas

## Others

* Cebu Broadcasting Company, an affiliate of MBC Media Group
* Cebu Pacific, Philippine low-cost airline
* USS Cebu (ARG-6), a 1943 Luzon-class engine repair ship
* Cebu (novel), by Peter Bacho
* Cebu (animal), variant spelling of the cattle known as Zebu
# Phyllonorycter jozanae

Phyllonorycter jozanae is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Hokkaidō island in Japan and from the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 6–7 mm.
The larvae feed on Crataegus species, including Crataegus chlorosarca, Crataegus jozana, Crataegus maximowiczii and Crataegus pinnatifida. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# French ship Pégase

Six ships of the French Navy have borne the name Pégase, in honour of Pegasus.

## Ships

* French ship Pégase (1781), a 74-gun ship of the line, lead ship of her class
* French ship Pégase (1795), a 74-gun Téméraire-class ship of the line
* French submarine Pégase (1930), a Redoutable-class submarine
* French minesweeper Pégase (1956), a coastal minesweeper
* French ship Pégase (1975), a ship used to test torpedoes
* French minehunter Pégase (1985), a Tripartite-class minehunter
# Phragmipedium fischeri

Phragmipedium fischeri is a species of orchid endemic to Ecuador.
# Ortenberg (mountain)

Ortenberg is a mountain of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It lies on the southwest of the Swabian Jura, on the southern slope of the Upper Schlichem valley near Deilingen in the Tuttlingen district. It is part of the Großer Heuberg.
* This Baden-Württemberg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
48°10′N 8°48′E﻿ / ﻿48.167°N 8.800°E﻿ / 48.167; 8.800
# La Symphonie pastorale

La Symphonie pastorale is a French novella written by André Gide first published in October and November 1919 in La Nouvelle Revue Française N° 73 and N° 74.

## Plot

A pastor adopts a young blind girl whom his daughter, Charlotte, names "Gertrude". The title refers to Beethoven's Sixth Symphony (also known as the Pastoral Symphony) which the pastor takes Gertrude to hear. It also refers to the pastor's own symphony with Gertrude. His wife, Amélie, resents Gertrude because the pastor dedicates more attention to Gertrude than to their five biological children. She tries to prompt him to a recognition of the true nature of his feelings for the young woman in his care. Her ability to "see" is contrasted with the "blindness" of the pastor in this regard and the reader is invited to judge him on his intellectual dishonesty. As a religious man, the pastor takes the Bible very seriously and tries to preserve Gertrude's innocence by protecting her from the concept of sin.
Because the pastor is really the main character in Gertrude's limited world, she feels herself to be in love with him and to some extent he has similar feelings toward her. When his eldest son Jacques, who is about the same age as Gertrude, asks to marry her, the pastor becomes jealous and refuses despite the fact that Jacques is obviously in love with her.
Gertrude eventually gets an operation to repair her eyesight and, having gained the ability to see, realizes that she loves Jacques and not the pastor. However, Jacques has renounced his love for her, converted to Catholicism and become a monk. Gertrude attempts suicide by jumping into a river, but this fails and she is rescued and contracts pneumonia. She realizes that the pastor is an old man, and the man she pictured when she was blind was Jacques. She tells the pastor this shortly before her death.

## Adaptations

The work was made into a film in 1946 by Jean Delannoy, with Michèle Morgan in the principal role as Gertrude. A version was produced for Australian television in 1958.

## Thematic analysis

The story deals with the idea of blindness; although Gertrude is evidently blind physically, the pastor himself is blind in his morality, seemingly unaware of the full extent of his sinfulness in his obsession for Gertrude.
As well as blindness, sin is a prevalent concept in the novel. The pastor treats the love that Jacques feels for Gertrude as a sin without taking into account that he himself, as a married man and a religious figure, has profound emotional sentiments for a young girl, whom he adopted almost as a daughter. He also fails to take into account the fact that, as a pastor, he would inevitably be viewed by his congregation to be someone who should present himself as an example of strong virtues and high moral values.
Religion is therefore a central theme in the novel - the pastor seems to mistake the love for a woman (or a girl) for the love of god. In the same vein, though he believes he is serving god, the only person he is serving is himself.
# Ortensio Battisti

Ortensio Battisti (died 1594) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Veroli (1567–1594).
On 28 November 1567, Ortensio Battisti was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius V as Bishop of Veroli. On 8 December 1567, he was consecrated bishop by Egidio Valenti, Bishop of Nepi e Sutri, with Nicola Perusco, Bishop of Civita Castellana e Orte, and Matteo Andrea Guerra, Bishop of Fondi, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Veroli until his death in 1594.
# La cuisine pour tous

La cuisine pour tous, Je sais cuisiner, The French Pocket Cookbook, or I Know How to Cook is a French cookbook edited by Ginette Mathiot and H. Delage.
Originally published in 1932 as Je sais cuisiner ("par Un groupe de cordons bleus, sous la direction de Mlles H. Delage et G. Mathiot, professeurs d'enseignement ménager à la ville de Paris. Près de 2000 recettes de plats exquis, de recettes simples, de conseils rationnels, de données d'hygiène alimentaire, d'économies facilement réalisables"), it has been updated numerous times (both during and after Mathiot's life); a new edition appeared in 1950: "par un groupe de cordons bleus. Sous la direction de Mlle H. Delage,... et de Mlle G. Mathiot,... Nouvelle édition. Près de 2 000 recettes...", Albin Michel. In 1955 it was reissued by the same publisher as La cuisine pour tous and then reprinted by Le Livre de Poche in 1963. It was retitled Je sais cuisiner in 2002. It was first translated into English in 1965 as The French Pocket Cookbook (translation by E. B. Hennessy), and then again in 2009 as I Know How to Cook.
The publisher claims it to be the best-selling home cookbook in France.
The book's style is concise and tightly packed, with some editions containing more than 2,000 recipes found in the French kitchen. It contains separate sections on nutrition, menu planning, and regional and international recipes. It also has companion volumes, including La Pâtisserie pour tous, which covers French pastry in greater depth and Je sais cuisiner autour du monde, which is a collection of international recipes.
# La cumparsita (disambiguation)

"La cumparsita" is a 1916 tango by Gerardo Matos Rodríguez.
* La cumparsita (es), 1947 film by Antonio Momplet.
* La cumparsita (es), 1961 film by Enrique Carreras.
# Celle di Bulgheria

Celle di Bulgheria, also shortened as Celle, is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.

## History

The town was named after the Bulgars settled here with their leader Altsek (whose father was the second ever leader of Old Great Bulgaria) in the early Middle Ages.

## Geography

Celle Bulgheria is located in Southern Cilento, near the mount Bulgheria, and is part of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park. It borders with the municipalities of Camerota, Centola, Laurito, Montano Antilia and Roccagloriosa. Its hamlet (frazione) is the nearby village of Poderia.

## Main sights

* De Luca Palace
* Madonna della Neve (Our Lady of the Snow) church
* Saint Sophia church, in Poderia
* Mount Bulgheria

## Transport

Celle di Bulgheria counts a railway station, Celle Bulgheria-Roccagloriosa, on the Naples-Salerno-Reggio Calabria railway line.
Crossed by the "Cilentana" highway Salerno-Sapri to the south, has the nearest exits at Poderia (west) and Roccagloriosa (east).

## People

* Antonio Maria De Luca (1764–1828), priest and patriot
* Salvatore Venuta (1944–2007), biologist and oncologist

## Twin towns

* Veliki Preslav, Bulgaria
* Bolgar, Russia
# La culpa de los padres

La culpa de los padres is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa for Telesistema Mexicano in 1963.

## Cast

* Silvia Derbez
* Eduardo Fajardo
* Enrique Aguilar
* Sergio Márquez
* Fernando Luján
* Jana Kleinburg
* Pilar Sen
* Irma Lozano
* Aurora Alvarado
* Pituka de Foronda
* Imelda Miller
* Arturo Correa
* Arturo Ferrer
* Lilia Juáres
* Luis Lara
# Goorawin, New South Wales

Goorawin is a rural locality and the site of a discontinued railway station and siding in the central northern part of the Riverina. It is situated by rail, about 7 kilometres south of Langtree and 12 kilometres north of Merriwagga.
# La Tetilla

La Tetilla is a corregimiento in Calobre District, Veraguas Province, Panama with a population of 400 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 419; its population as of 2000 was 387.
# Orval-sur-Sienne

Orval-sur-Sienne (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the department of Manche, northwestern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Montchaton and Orval.
# La Thorillière

François Le Noir, sieur de La Thorillière (c. 1626 – 27 July 1680) was a French comic actor, who was born and died in Paris.

## Life

La Thorillière was the son of Charles Le Noir, founder of the Théâtre du Marais in 1634, and the actor Isabelle Mestivier.
After serving as a captain in the Lorraine Regiment, he married the 21-year-old Marie Petitjean on 30 April 1658. She was the niece of La Rocque, an actor at the Marais, and François joined the Marais company in 1659.
In June 1662, he and Brécourt moved to Molière's company, where La Thorillière acted in several of Molière's plays, most notably as a sad marquis in L'Impromptu de Versailles (1663) and as Hali in Le Sicilien (1667).
He was also for a time in charge of the accounts for Molière's company. His first register (1663–1664) was published by George Monval in 1890; the second (1664–1665) is preserved in the Archives of the Comédie-Française.
He wrote the play Cléopâtre, premiered at the Palais-Royal in December 1667 and put on eleven times. On 17 January 1671 he played the King in the premiere of the comédie-ballet Psyché, with text and lyrics by Molière, Philippe Quinault and Pierre Corneille and music by Jean-Baptiste Lully.
After Molière's death in 1673, La Thorillière (along with Michel Baron and Beauval and his wife) left that troupe and joined the Comédiens du Roi at the Hôtel de Bourgogne. It was La Thorillière's death in 1680 that, among other reasons, precipitated the merger of the players from the Bourgogne with those at the Guénégaud Theatre, leading to the creation of the Comédie-Française. Some scholars have suggested he had been opposed to any merger since 1673, possibly due to animosity or rivalry between La Thorillière and La Grange, the orator of that troupe.
His son Pierre (1659–1731), also known as La Thorillière, became a sociétaire of the Comédie-Française. His daughter Charlotte (born 1661) married Michel Baron in 1675, whilst his daughter Marie-Thérèse (born 1663) married the playwright Dancourt in 1680.
# Goniurosaurus gezhi

Goniurosaurus gezhi, commonly known as the Gezhi cave gecko, is a gecko endemic to China.
# Goniurosaurus huuliensis

Goniurosaurus huuliensis is a gecko endemic to Vietnam.
# Blue collar (disambiguation)

A blue-collar worker is a working-class person who performs manual labor.
Blue collar can also refer to:
* Blue-collar crime, a crime typically associated with the working class
* Blue Collar Comedy Tour, a comedy ensemble consisting of Jeff Foxworthy, Larry the Cable Guy, Bill Engvall and Ron White
** Blue Collar TV, a comedy show based on the tour.
* Blue Collar (film), a 1978 film written and directed by Paul Schrader
* Blue Collar (album), a 2006 album by rapper Rhymefest
* "Blue Collar" a popular song from the self-titled debut album, Bachman–Turner Overdrive (from BTO)
* "Blue Collar", a popular rock song from the Prism album, Beat Street
# Derek Amell

Derek Amell (born September 16, 1968 in Port Colborne, Ontario) is a National Hockey League linesman, who wears uniform number 75. He was one of the selected linesman who officiated the 2009, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2020 Stanley Cup Finals. He was selected to work games in the ice hockey men's tournament at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.
# Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research

The Center for Advanced Turbomachinery and Energy Research is an academic research group of the University of Central Florida located in Orlando, Florida, United States. The research conducted here covers several branches of engineering, dedicated to the study of: propulsion, turbine, combustion, and Energy transformation. Corporate partners include Siemens, GE, Alstom, Aerojet Rocketdyne, Embraer, and others.