OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Early Algebra

Early Algebra is an approach to early mathematics teaching and learning. It is about teaching traditional topics in more profound ways. It is also an area of research in mathematics education.
Traditionally, algebra instruction has been postponed until adolescence. However, data of early algebra researchers shows ways to teach algebraic thinking much earlier. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) integrates algebra into its Principles and Standards starting from Kindergarten.
One of the major goals of early algebra is generalizing number and set ideas. It moves from particular numbers to patterns in numbers. This includes generalizing arithmetic operations as functions, as well as engaging children in noticing and beginning to formalize properties of numbers and operations such as the commutative property, identities, and inverses.
Students historically have had a very difficult time adjusting to algebra for a number of reasons. Researchers have found that by working with students on such ideas as developing rules for the use of letters to stand in for numbers and the true meaning of the equals symbol (it is a balance point, and does not mean "put the answer next"), children are much better prepared for formal algebra instruction.
Teacher professional development in this area consists of presenting common student misconceptions and then developing lessons to move students out of faulty ways of thinking and into correct generalizations. The use of true, false, and open number sentences can go a long way toward getting students thinking about the properties of number and operations and the meaning of the equals sign.
Research areas in early algebra include use of representations, such as symbols, graphs and tables; cognitive development of students; viewing arithmetic as a part of algebraic conceptual fields
# Early American Imprints

Early American Imprints is a digital and microopaque card (not the more common microfiche) collection produced by Readex. It is based on Charles Evan's (1850–1935) American Bibliography. Ralph Shaw (1907–72) and Richard Shoemaker's (1907–70) collaborative efforts continued American Bibliography. American Bibliography contains the full text of all known existing books, pamphlets, and broadsides printed in the United States (or British American colonies prior to Independence) from 1639 through 1819, some 72,000 titles. It is now also available in electronic form as part of the Readex Archive of Americana.

## History

The microprint edition was undertaken by the American Antiquarian Society in 1955 and edited by Clifford K. Shipton, then director of the Society. The extensive collection of early American imprints in the Society's library provided a substantial number of the imprints that were filmed. Many other major libraries in the United States and Europe also made texts available and provided editorial corrections to the original bibliographic work of Charles Evans. The series is available in two parts:
* Early American Imprints: Series I Evans, 1639–1800,
* Early American Imprints: Series II Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801–1819

## Library Holdings
### United States

Many major research libraries, and some public libraries hold the series, including:
* Harvard University
* Library of Congress See: American Imprint Collection
* Columbia University
* Cornell
* New York Public Library
* Arizona State University
* Wayne State University
The only library in the USA able to print from microopaque card to paper is at University of Missouri.

### United Kingdom

* The British Library
* Cambridge University Library
* National Library of Scotland
* Vere Harmsworth Library, University of Oxford
# Bucculatrix stictopus

Bucculatrix stictopus is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in Mexico. The species was described by Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham in 1914.
# Clarence Skinner (minister)

Clarence Russell Skinner (1881–1949) was a Universalist minister, teacher, and dean of the Crane School of Theology at Tufts University.
Born on March 23, 1881, in Brooklyn, New York, he graduated from St. Lawrence University in 1904 with a BA and was ordained in 1906. He served as minister at the Universalist Church in Mont Vernon, New York from 1906 to 1911, Grace Universalist Church in Lowell, Massachusetts, from 1911 to 1914, and the First Universalist Church of Medford, Massachusetts, from 1917 to 1920. Clarence Skinner was on faculty at Crane Theological School, Tufts University as Professor of Applied Christianity from 1914 to 1933, and served as dean from 1933 to 1945. He wrote several books that had a substantial influence on Universalism in America in the twentieth century: The Social Implication of Universalism in 1915, A Religion for Greatness in 1945, and, posthumously, Worship and a Well Ordered Life published in 1959. The Unitarian Universalist Association's Skinner House Books imprint is named after him. Clarence Skinner died in 1949.
# Bucking the Line

Bucking the Line is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by Carl Harbaugh and starring Maurice 'Lefty' Flynn, Molly Malone and Kathryn McGuire.

## Cast

* Maurice 'Lefty' Flynn as John Montague Smith
* Molly Malone as Corona Baldwin
* Norman Selby as Jerry
* Edwin B. Tilton as Colonel Dexter Baldwin
* Kathryn McGuire as Vera Richlander
* J. Farrell MacDonald as Dave Kinsey
* Jim Farley as Watrous Dunham
* Leslie Casey as Tucker Jibbey
* George Kerby as Rand Barlow
# Pematang Gadung

Pematang Gadung is a village in the sub-district of Matan Hilir Selatan, Ketapang District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The village is located 30 km from the district capital and is the only village in the district that still has a natural peat-swamp forest. The forest has a depth range of 3–7 m and an area in excess of 14,000 hectares. It is rich in flora and fauna including orangutans, proboscis monkey, Maroon leaf monkey, silvery lutung, long-tailed macaques, sun bears, Horsfield's tarsier, Large flying fox, deer, crocodiles and more than 250 species of birds, and more than 30 species of orchid.

## History

The name of "Pematang Gadung" comes from the "Pematang" and "Gadung". Pematang means the sand embankment between the marsh and the Gadung is the name of the plant (Dioscorea hispida). People believe that the plants can repel crocodiles, so in the past it was planted in a neighborhood that is close to the river. With the goal is not crocodile approaching the township.

## Education

There are 1 kindergarten, 2 primary school ( 1 government primary school and 1 private primary school), and 1 junior high school. The junior high school has opened by 2012.
# Clan Kinninmont

Clan Kinninmont is a Scottish clan. The clan does not have a chief recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, therefore the clan has no standing under Scots Law. Clan Kinninmont is considered an armigerous clan, meaning that it is considered to have had at one time a chief who possessed the chiefly arms, however no one at present is in possession of such arms. The original chiefly line died out when an heiress married into another family. The successors of this heiress are the Earls of Minto.

## History

The clan name Kinninmont is derived from the lands of Kinninmonth in Fife, Scotland. In the years between 1189 and 1199, Odo, seneschal to the Bishop of St Andrews, received a charter for these lands from William I of Scotland. An 1841 publication dealing with the charters on the archbishopric of St Andrews states that the charter granted by John, son of Adam, son of Odo is not recorded. The publication also states that John's "original deed of consent, executed at the same time, and before the same witnesses with the charter of his father, is still extanct; and on his seal we find the family name for the first time: S’Iohannis de Kinimmund". William de Kynemuthe's name appears on the Ragman Roll, which records the names of Scots nobles who submitted to Edward I of England in 1296. In 1329 Alexander de Kininmund became Bishop of Aberdeen. Another Alexander de Kininmund became Archdeacon of Aberdeen in 1352. James Kynimond of that Ilk asserted his hereditary right to the offices of baillie, steward and marischal of St Andrews, in 1438. The direct line of Kininmonts of that Ilk (the chiefly line) came to an end with the marriage of the one heiress to Murray of Melgund.

## Clan symbols

The crest badge suitable for members of the clan is derived from the arms of Kinninmont of that Ilk. The crest is blazoned as an oak tree Vert and the motto is STABO, meaning "i shall stand".
The arms are marshalled within those of Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, Earls of Minto.
# ESPP

ESPP may refer to:
* Employee stock purchase plan
* The European Society for Philosophy and Psychology, a professional organization of philosophers and cognitive scientists
* Euclidean shortest path problem in computer science; finding a route between two points while avoiding obstacles
# Bullom languages

The Bullom languages are a small group of Mel languages spoken in Sierra Leone, including along the Bullom Shore. They were historically sometimes referred to as one language or dialect continuum, divided into Southern Bullom (Krim and Sherbro) and Northern Bullom (Bullom So). The languages are:
    Bom (Krim), Bullom So (Mmani), Sherbro.
They are closely related to Kissi.
# Bulloidea

Bulloidea is a superfamily of sea snails, or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks.

## Families

* Acteocinidae Dall, 1913
* Bullidae Gray, 1827
* Retusidae Thiele, 1925(s.s.)
* Rhizoridae Dell, 1952

### Families brought into synonymy

* Bullariidae Dall, 1908: synonym of Bullidae Gray, 1827
* Vesicidae J. Q. Burch, 1945: synonym of Bullidae Gray, 1827
* Volvulellidae Chaban, 2000: synonym of Rhizoridae Dell, 1952
* Volvulidae Locard, 1886: synonym of Rhizoridae Dell, 1952
# Buffalo Demokrat

The Buffalo Demokrat was a daily German language newspaper from Buffalo, New York published from 1848 until 1918.
The Demokrat was founded as the Freie Demokrat but changed its name in 1850, when it came under new ownership. Initially the newspaper was an ardent supporter of the Free soil movement, and was affiliated with the party, though later became an organ for the Democratic Party.
Newly immigrated Forty-Eighter Hermann Raster became editor of the paper in 1851, but left soon after obtaining the post for another editorial job at the New-Yorker Abend-Zeitung.
The newspaper ceased publication in 1918.
# Buffalo Dreams Fantastic Film Festival

Buffalo Dreams Fantastic Film Festival is an international film festival in Buffalo, New York.
Founded by Chris Scioli and Gregory Lamberson, the festival runs for 10 days which and shows films from around the world.
The festival is described as seeking "bold, original and edgy films that are well made" and to help film makers from Western New York screen their work. The festival is also known for its shorts blocks.

## Notable guests

The festival often partners with Lloyd Kaufman and Troma to show early screenings of Troma films. Screenwriter and film producer Roy Frumkes judged the unproduced original screenplay competition for the 2016 season.

## Awards

The festival awards include special Dreamer Awards, Filmmaker of the Year Awards, Living Legend Awards, and the Lois Weber Award, for contemporary female filmmakers.
The 2017 special award winners were Adrian Esposito (Filmmaker of the Year), Devi Snively (Lois Weber Award), Fred Olen Ray (Living Legend Award), Jon Keeyes (Dedication to Excellence in Filmmaking), and Christopher Olen Ray (Indie Genre Spirit Award). The 2018 special award winners were Brett Kelly (Filmmaker of the Year), Sophia Cacciola (Lois Weber Award), Michael J. Epstein (Dedication to Excellence in Independent Filmmaking), and Sam Qualiana (Indie Genre Spirit Award).

## Notable films featured

The Incident (2015)
* Blood of the Tribades (2016)
* Let Her Out (2016)
* Night of the Virgin (2016)
* Tonight She Comes (2016)
* Post Apocalyptic Commando Shark (2018)
* I Dare You to Open Your Eyes (2018)
* Johnny Gruesome (2018)
* Clickbait (2018)
* Derelicts (2018)
* Tommy Battles the Silver Sea Dragon (2018)
* LUZ: The Flower of Evil (2020)
* Fang (2022)
# GetRight

GetRight is a shareware download manager developed by Michael Burford. Burford's company, Headlight Software, first published the program in 1997. At the time of its release, one of GetRight's defining features was its ability to resume an interrupted download.

## Download manager

GetRight is able to pause and resume downloads, download from multiple servers to speed up download time (segmented file transfer), scheduling the starting and stopping of downloads and shutting off the computer or disconnecting the modem when the downloads have finished. It is also able to integrate with Microsoft's Internet Explorer, and Mozilla Firefox with the FlashGot extension. It features support for the BitTorrent protocol, Metalink, and podcast support, along with built-in verification MD5 and SHA-1 checksums. In its time it was a well known download manager.

## License modes

Version 6 is available in two license modes: Standard and Pro. "Standard" is the continuation of previous versions, while "Pro" contains new features like: upload capability, using scripts for programming its tasks, a simple web server (called "Web Access"), ability to act as a proxy server or work in a Client/Server mode when using two or more computers in a network.
# Penn Lee, Virginia

Penn Lee is an unincorporated community in Lee County, Virginia, in the United States.

## History

Penn Lee took its name from the Penn Lee Coal Co.
# Eagleworks

Eagle Works or Eagleworks or variation may refer to:
* Eagleworks Laboratories, also known as Advanced Propulsion Physics Laboratory, a small research group investigating a variety of theories regarding new forms of spacecraft propulsion at NASA's Johnson Space Center
* Eagle Salt Works Railroad, a defunct railway near Fernley, Nevada, United States
* Eagle Borax Works, a defunct borate mine in Death Valley, California, United States
* Eagle Ironworks, Oxford, United Kingdom
# Bumpin' (Wes Montgomery album)

Bumpin' is an album by the American jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery, released in 1965. It reached number 116 on the Billboard 200 chart. It was Montgomery's first album to reach the charts.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
In his AllMusic review, Shawn M. Haney praised the album: "Not only is his brilliant command of the six-string present here, so is the vivid color tones of notes and blue notes played between. Backed up by a hauntingly beautiful and mesmerizing orchestra conducted and arranged by Don Sebesky, the music almost lifts the listener off his feet into a dreamy, water-like landscape. The atmosphere is serene and enchanting, such as a romantic evening for two under starlight, and certainly a romantic eve merits the accompaniment of this record... The recording engineer did a wonderful job with this album. The sound quality is clear and lush, and, overall, this collection of mid-'60s Latin jazz is a delight to listen to, once and again."

## Track listing

* "Bumpin'" (Wes Montgomery) – 6:40
* "Tear It Down" (Montgomery) – 3:10
* "A Quiet Thing" (Fred Ebb, John Kander) – 3:27
* "Con Alma" (Dizzy Gillespie) – 3:25
* "The Shadow of Your Smile" (Johnny Mandel, Paul Francis Webster) – 2:15
* "Mi Cosa" (Montgomery) – 3:15
* "Here's That Rainy Day" (Johnny Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 4:50
* "Musty" (Don Sebesky) – 4:12
Bonus tracks on the CD release
* "Just Walkin'" – 3:00
* "My One and Only Love" (Robert Mellin, Guy Wood) – 4:09
* "Just Walkin'" [alternate take] – 3:37

## Personnel

* Wes Montgomery – guitar
* Bob Cranshaw – bass
* Grady Tate – drums
* Harry Lookofsky – violin
* David Schwartz – viola
* Charles McCracken – cello
* Margaret Ross – harp
* Roger Kellaway – piano
* Don Sebesky – arranger, conductor
* Candido Camero – bongos, congas
* Harold Coletta – viola
* Arnold Eidus – violin
* Lewis Eley – violin
* Paul Gershman – violin
* Louis Haber – violin
* Julius Held – violin
* Joseph Malignaggi – violin
* Helcio Milito – drums
* Gene Orloff – violin
* George Ricci – violin, cello
* Sol Shapiro – violin

## Chart positions

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 1966 | Billboard 200 | 116 |
# Bulbophyllum sepikense

Bulbophyllum sepikense is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Clarke's test

In medicine, Clarke's test (also known as the Osmond-Clarke test or patellar grind test) is a component of knee examination which may be used to test for patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellofemoral arthritis, or anterior knee pain. It is not a standard part of the knee examination but is used to diagnose anterior knee pain where the history indicates this as the likely pathology. The patient is asked to actively contract the quadriceps muscle while the examiner's hand exerts pressure on the superior pole of the patella, so trying to prevent the proximal movement of the patella. While it can produce some discomfort even in normal people, the reproduction of the symptoms suggest pain of patellofemoral origin.
Evidence for the validity of Clarke's test is limited and some sources claim the test is not clinically useful, though it remains prevalent in clinical practice.
# Bulbophyllum latipes

Bulbophyllum latipes is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Bulbophyllum latisepalum

Bulbophyllum latisepalum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Eaglette, Missouri

Eaglette is an extinct town in Stoddard County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.
A post office called Eaglette was established in 1904, and remained in operation until 1909. The community was named for eagles' nests near the original town site.
# Earth Quest Adventures

EarthQuest Adventures was a planned resort located in New Caney, Texas, approximately 25 miles (40 km) north of Houston. Contour Entertainment is the resort's master planner and lead designer. The planned 1,600-acre (6.5 km$^2$) resort was to include a theme park as well as a water park, hotel, conference center, retail and office developments. The size of the theme park was reported to be 200 acres (0.81 km$^2$) on opening. The first phase was planned to begin in 2008.
The creator and founder of the park, dinosaur expert and author "Dino" Don Lessem, described it as a $500 million project with about 50 rides, including being inside a volcano, an ice cave, as well as coasters, and technologies that hadn't been used before. A billboard was set up around 2008 or 2009 on Phase 1, projecting an opening date of 2012 or 2013. On November 17, 2010, EarthQuest was redesigned to cut the cost from $500 million to $300 million and to add construction phases. These changes were being made to secure and satisfy the project's investors. According to the official Contour Entertainment website, the first phase of the project was to premiere in late 2012 or early 2013. In 2011, the company that owned the land filed for bankruptcy, and "no construction had begun" on the park. Contour Entertainment has not repurchased the land for the park that was lost in bankruptcy. It was to be repurchased by December 15, 2013, but this was cancelled and the project was cancelled.
# Penestae

Penestae may refer to:
* Penestai (or penestae), a class of unfree labourers in Thessaly, Ancient Greece
* Penestae (tribe), an Illyrian tribe that lived in south-eastern Illyria
# Clavatula tripartita

Clavatula tripartita is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.

## Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 26 mm and 45 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs from Jeffrey's Bay, South Africa to Mozambique
# Buffalo Lake (Wright County, Minnesota)

Buffalo Lake is a lake in Wright County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Buffalo Lake was named for its former abundance of buffalo fish.
# Eatoniella mortoni

Eatoniella mortoni is a species of marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eatoniellidae. First described by Winston Ponder in 1965, it is endemic to the waters of New Zealand. The species has been used to study the effects of ocean acidification, as it is known to thrive in carbon dioxide-rich environments.

## Taxonomy

The species was described as Eatoniella (Dardanula) mortoni in 1965 by Winston Ponder, who named it after New Zealand biologist John Morton. Morton had assisted Ponder during his early investigations into the species. Ponder synonymised several previously-named genera, including Iredale's 1915 genus Dardanula, which was retained as a subgenus of Eatoniella.

## Description

Eatoniella mortoni has a solid, conical, smooth shell. The shells are widely variable in colour, from purple-tinted dark grey to pale yellow-grey. The species measures 1.85 millimetres by 1.13 millimetres.

## Distribution

The species is endemic to New Zealand. The holotype was collected by Ponder himself on 11 December 1961, at Days Bay in Wellington. The species is known to occur on both coasts of the North Island and South Island. In addition, the species can be found on the Chatham Islands and the volcanic island Whakaari / White Island.
Typically the species can be found on algae at low tide, and underneath intertidal rocks, and often lives on kelp species such as Ecklonia radiata.

## Ocean acidification studies

Eatoniella mortoni has been used as a species to study ocean acidification, as the species benefits from living in carbon dioxide-rich environments and remains localised, especially specimens sourced from the volcanic island Whakaari / White Island, due to their lifetime exposure to carbon dioxide vents. Eatoniella mortoni can produce more crystalline, durable and less porous shells at natural carbon dioxide vents.
# Clare Exelby

Clare Exelby (born November 5, 1938) is a former Canadian football player who played for the Calgary Stampeders, Toronto Argonauts and Montreal Alouettes. Exelby's son, Randy Exelby, is a former NHL player and grandson, Kyle Capobianco, currently plays for the Winnipeg Jets.
# Percy Mead

Percy James Mead CIE CSI (15 November 1871 – 7 April 1923) was an English first-class cricketer and an officer in the Indian Civil Service in the Bombay Presidency.
The son of Lieutenant Colonel C. J. Mead, he was born at Richmond in November 1871. He was educated at Haileybury, before matriculating to King's College, Cambridge. After graduating from Cambridge, Mead entered the Indian Civil Service (ICS) in 1894. During his early years in British India, Mead played three first-class cricket matches for the Europeans cricket team in the Bombay Presidency Matches between 1895 and 1903, with little success. Mead served in a number of roles within the ICS, beginning with his appointment as an assistant magistrate and collector in Bombay, an appointment he held until 1897. He then spent two years as an administrator for Sachin State, before being appointed Under-Secretary for revenue and finance to the Government of Bombay in 1901.
Mead served as private secretary to James Monteath, the acting Governor of Bombay Presidency in 1903. His next appointment was as Talukdari Settlement Officer, an appointment he held in 1905 and 1906. In 1910, he was a Superintendent of census operations, before being appointed a junior collector in 1911. He was appointed a Companion to the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1914 New Year Honours. Mead became a senior collector in 1916, while in 1917 he was appointed Director of Industries. Two years later he was appointed Chief Secretary and Financial Secretary to the Government of Bombay. In the 1921 New Year Honours he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Star of India. Mead's final appointment was as Commissioner of Scinde in early 1923; shortly after his appointment he died in April of that year following a short illness at Mahabaleshwar.