OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Castles of Manderscheid

Near the Eifel town of Manderscheid are the ruins of two castles, the castles of Manderschied, whose history and location reflect the mediaeval conflict of interest between the Electorate of Trier and the Duchy of Luxembourg.

## Oberburg

The Oberburg or "Upper Castle" is located on a hilltop that was levelled in order to construct the castle. It had, as can still be seen from the ruins, an almost triangular enceinte and a five-story bergfried or fighting tower that has been made accessible again. From the bergfried there is a clear view of the Niederburg or "Lower Castle", the town of Manderscheid and the countryside of the Lieser valley.
The place name of Manderscheid is first recorded in a deed of gift by Ottos II to the Archbishop of Trier dating to 973. This is not, however, as is often maintained in the literature, the earliest record of the castle, which is first historically known from the feud over St. Maximin's Abbey in front of Trier between Count Henry the Blind of Namur-Luxembourg and Archbishop Albero of Trier, between 1141 and 1146. The free lords of Manderscheid first appear in 1142 in the list of witnesses in a deed of gift. In the 14th century, the village of Obermanderscheid gave its name to the Electoral Trier Amt of Manderscheid, which existed until the late 18th century. However, the seat of government was not at the castle, but in the Kellerei of the neighbouring village to which Elector Baldwin had granted town rights in 1332 (according to other sources they were granted by King Louis the Bavarian as one of a number of rights). The local estates of the Elector of Trier formed a sort of bridgehead into the surrounding sovereign territory of Luxembourg. In 1673 the castle, still owned by the Electorate, was finally destroyed by French troops.
Today: the ruins of the Oberburg were thoroughly renovated in 1921 by the municipality of Manderscheid, on whose land it stands, and it is open to the public.

## Niederburg

* Niederburg: 1576 engraving by Frans Hogenberg
* Ruins of the Niederburg
* Niederburg, 2015 aerial photograph
* The Niederburg in winter
Today: the ruins of the Niederburg have been owned since 1899 by the Eifel Club and the club has slowly, but continually, restored them. They may be visited daily during the summer months. Guided group tours are also possible on request. The castle may also be booked for private events such as weddings. On the last weekend in August every year there is a medieval festival at the castle and the adjacent jousting field which receives about 15,000 visitors.
# Cathedral Street

Cathedral Street may refer to:

## Places
### Finland

* Tuomiokirkonkatu, "Cathedral Street" in Tampere

### Ireland

* Cathedral Street, Dublin

### United Kingdom

* Cathedral Street, Dunkeld
* Cathedral Street, Manchester

### United States

* Cathedral Street (Baltimore)
# Frederick H. Chapin

Frederick Hastings Chapin (5 September 1852 – 25 January 1900) was an American businessman, mountaineer, photographer, amateur archaeologist and author. He is best known for his exploration of mesas and ancient Pueblo ruins found in the Mesa Verde area of Colorado.

## Mesa Verde

Chapin visited the Mesa Verde region during the summers of 1889 and 1890, using explorer Richard Wetherill and members of his family as guides. Although active in exploring and photographing the sites, Chapin was not heavily involved in excavating the ruins or collecting artifacts, though he photographed artifacts collected by the Wetherills. Chapin also assessed the climbing possibilities of mesas and peaks in the area. He described the landscape and ruins in an 1890 article and later in The Land of the Cliff-Dwellers, a book published in 1892 by the Appalachian Mountain Club.
Chapin Mesa, which shelters many of the best known cliff dwellings of Mesa Verde, is named for him.

## Rocky Mountain National Park

Frederick H. Chapin explored the Rocky Mountain National Park area and published the book, Mountaineering in Colorado: The Peaks about Estes Park in 1889. Mount Chapin in the Mummy Range is named for Chapin, and his wife named nearby Ypsilon Mountain.

## Publications

* Chapin, Frederick Hastings (1892). The Land of the Cliff-Dwellers. Boston: Appalachian Mountain Club /W. B. Clarke and Co.. Reprinted by the University of Arizona Press, with notes and foreword by Robert H. Lister, 1988. ISBN 0-8165-1052-0.
* Chapin, Frederick Hastings. "Cliff-dwellings of the Mancos Canons". American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal. 12 (4): 193.
* Chapin, Frederick Hastings (May 1890). "Cliff-dwellings of the Mancos Canons". Appalachia. 6: 12.
* Chapin, Frederick Hastings (1889). Mountaineering in Colorado: The Peaks about Estes Park. Boston: Appalachian Mountain Club. Reprinted in 1987, with forward and notes by James H. Pickering, by the University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
# Blue Bird Lake

Blue Bird Lake, Hisar is a resident and endangered migratory bird wetland habitat, lake and recreation area in the town of Hisar, in the Hisar district of Haryana State, India.

## Location

Blue Bird Lake is close to Hisar Airport on NH-9 in Hisar, Haryana, India. It is close to Deer Park, Hisar and Shatavar Vatika Herbal Park, Hisar, both of which are run by the Forests Department, Haryana of Government of Haryana.

## Migratory birds

Among approximately 1,800 migratory bird species out of total 10,000 species of birds in the world, nearly 370 species migrate to India due to seasonal changes, including 175 long-distance migration species that use the Central Asian Flyway route, and among those some of these migratory birds species have been sighted nesting here during the winter, many of which are endangered species.
The lake is also leased out for the commercial fisheries by Fisheries Department of Government of Haryana.

## Attractions and facilities

The lake and surrounding wetland and parks are spread across 52 acres. The lake itself is 20 acres and has small islands where migratory birds and other flora and fauna live and nest.
There are boats available for hire, along with safety gear such as life saving flotation jackets and devices. The lake has floating pontoon platforms for visitors and boaters, and ghats for sitting and relaxing. Recreational fishing is permitted with payment of a licensing fee. Landscaped parks, sight-seeing walking trails and jogging tracks, over-water bridges, bush land, children's swings and play area, visitor's car park and toilets, and other amenities are available. There is no entry fee to use these areas. The Blue bird lake also has government-run "Blue Bird Tourist Resort" with rooms, conference halls, restaurant and bar.

## Conservation issues

Air, sound and water pollution, lack of water supply and conservation, lack of protected area status and scientific wildlife management plan for wildlife conservation, lack of area development with scientific landscaping and tree planting conducive to safe birds nesting and breeding, stray dogs and cats posing risk to nesting endangered birds, poor hygiene resulting in ongoing risk of avian flu outbreak, etc. remain major issues.
Since there is no agreement between Haryana Tourism that manages the wetland and HLRDC in control of canal that irrigates their farm in the vicinity of wetland, HLRDC stopped the supply of their share of water flowing to Blue bird lake, causing gradual reduction of water levels in the wetland which resulted in death of fishes in 2016.
Over 800 domesticated ducks resident at blue bird lake were culled by the authorities in November 2016 when 9 dead ducks were found that were confirmed to have died due to H5N8 avian influenza virus.

## Nearby attraction

* Shatavar Vatika Herbal Park, Hisar is next to the Deer Park on Dhansu Road
* Kanwari Indus Valley Mound at Kanwari
* Tosham rock inscription at Tosham
* Asigarh Fort at Hansi
* Firoz Shah Palace Complex
* Pranpir Badshah tomb at Hisar
* Mahabir Stadium
* Deer Park, Hisar
* Haryana Tourism
# Blooming Period

Blooming Period is the fifth extended play by South Korean boy band Block B, released on April 11, 2016 by Seven Seasons, almost two years since their last Korean album, H.E.R. The album contains two singles, "몇 년 후에 (A Few Years Later)", which was pre-released on March 28, 2016; and "Toy", which was released with the EP.

## Background and release

The group announced the release of their fifth mini album in the first week of March in 2016 with plans of releasing its lead single ahead of the album. "몇 년 후에 (A Few Years Later)" was released digitally on March 28 and is described as 'neo soul genre music'. It was also noted to be different from the group's previous releases, bringing out their more emotional side musically, also showing it through their acting in the song's music video which was released on the same day.
Produced by member Zico and Poptime, Blooming Period was eventually released on April 11, 2016 with another single, "Toy", which also had its music video released on the same day.

## Composition

Zico and Poptime composed the first three tracks, while "Walkin' In The Rain" was composed by Park Kyung & Score Megatone, and "빙글빙글 (Bingle Bingle)" was written and composed by Dean. All the tracks, including both singles, were penned by Zico with the exception of "빙글빙글 (Bingle Bingle)". "몇 년 후에 (A Few Years Later)" and "Walkin' In The Rain"'s lyrics' were written with Park Kyung.

## Promotion

Block B started promotions on music programs on Music Bank on April 15, where they performed "A Few Years Later" and "Toy". The group also appeared on You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook on the same day and performed the two singles from the album, along with their other songs.

## Commercial performance

"몇 년 후에 (A Few Years Later)" debuted at No. 3 on the Gaon Singles Chart. The group won its first music show trophy for "몇 년 후에 (A Few Years Later)" on Inkigayo on April 10. "Toy" debuted at No. 2 on the Gaon Singles Chart and the album itself debuted at #1. The album also charted at No. 4 on Billboard's World Albums chart. The group received their first music show trophy for "Toy" on April 20 on Show Champion.

## Track listing

Credits are adapted from Naver.

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Japanese Oricon Albums Chart | 52 |
| South Korean Gaon Albums Chart | 1 |
| US Billboard World Albums | 4 |
# Dejan Stevanovič

Dejan Stevanovič (born 30 November 1976) is a Slovenian slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1992 to 2010.
He won a bronze medal in the C1 team event at the 2002 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bourg St.-Maurice. He also won 2 bronze medals in the same event at the European Championships.

## World Cup individual podiums

| Season | Date | Venue | Position | Event |
| 2004 | 30 May 2004 | Merano | 2nd | C1 |
| 2007 | 8 Jul 2007 | Tacen | 2nd | C1 |
# Dejan Stošić

Dejan Stošić (Serbian Cyrillic: Дејан Стошић; born 6 January 1970) is a politician in Serbia. He has served in the National Assembly of Serbia since 2020 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

## Early life and career

Stošić was born in Smederevo, in what was then the Socialist Republic of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He has a master's degree in economy and has served as president of FK Smederevo 1924.

## Politician
### Municipal politics

Stošić joined the Progressive Party in 2009 and appeared in the fiftieth position on the party's electoral list for the Smederevo municipal assembly in the 2012 Serbian local elections. The list won nine seats, and he was not returned. He was promoted to the seventeenth position on the party's list for the 2016 local elections and was elected when the list won a majority victory with forty-four out of seventy seats. On 25 March 2019, he was appointed as the city's deputy mayor.
For the 2020 local elections, Stošić was given the fourth position on the Progressive Party's list and was elected to a second term when the list won forty-six mandates.

### Parliamentarian

Stošić received the 172nd position on the Progressive Party's Aleksandar Vučić — For Our Children list in the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election and was elected when the list won a landslide majority with 188 out of 250 mandates. He is a member of the committee on human and minority rights and gender equality, a deputy member of the committee on Kosovo-Metohija and the health and family committee, and a member of the parliamentary friendship groups with Austria, the Bahamas, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, China, Comoros, the Czech Republic, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Italy, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Montenegro, Mozambique, Nauru, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, the Republic of Congo, Romania, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tome and Príncipe, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Uruguay, and Uzbekistan.
# French corvette Bayonnaise (1793)

Bayonnaise was a 24-gun corvette of the French Navy, launched in 1793. She became famous for her capture of HMS Ambuscade on 14 December 1798. Her crew destroyed Bayonnaise in November 1803 to prevent her capture.

## Career

Bayonnaise was being built as a privateer when the Ministry of Marine requisitioned her in 1793 before she sailed. The Ministry assumed the construction contracts and purchased her in March 1794.
Bayonnaise participated in the Croisière du Grand Hiver, an unsuccessful sortie by the French fleet at Brest on 24 December 1794.
Her hull was coppered in 1795 in Brest. She was officially renamed Brême that year, but apparently the new name was roundly ignored.
In late 1798, under lieutenant de vaisseau Jean-Baptiste-Edmond Richer, she ferried 120 prisoners from Rochefort to French Guiana. She then ferried troops and dispatches from Cayenne to Guadeloupe, and headed back for France.
She became famous for the action of 14 December 1798, in which she captured the much stronger 32-gun Ambuscade off the Gironde. Ambuscade was blockading Rochefort, when the smaller Bayonnaise captured her. Ambuscade had ten men killed, including her first lieutenant and master, and 36 wounded, including her captain. Bayonnaise had 30 killed, and 30 badly wounded, including Richer and his first lieutenant.
The court martial exonerated Captain Henry Jenkins of Ambuscade, though a good case could be made that he exhibited poor leadership and ship handling. The French brought her into service as Embuscade; the Royal Navy later recaptured her.

## Fate

On 28 November 1803, Ardent gave chase to Bayonnaise in Finisterre Bay. The corvette's crew ran her ashore and then set fire to her prevent the British from capturing her. Captain Winthrop of Ardent described Bayonnaise as a frigate of 32 guns and 220 men, which had been sailing from Havana to Ferrol. Actually, Bayonnaise was armed en flute with only six 8-pounder guns, and was returning from the Antilles.

## Postscript

Archaeologists of the "Finisterre Project" in August 2010 located Bayonnaise's wreck on Langosteira beach, Finisterre.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 172.
* 1 2 3 4 "NAVAL HISTORY of GREAT BRITAIN - Vol II". Archived from the original on 2012-02-22. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
* ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 89.
* ↑ "No. 15660". The London Gazette. 24 December 1803. p. 1821.
* ↑ "Finisterre Project 2013: Back in business!". 20 November 2013.
# Catholic doctrine

Catholic doctrine may refer to:
* Catholic theology
** Catholic moral theology
** Catholic Mariology
* Heresy in the Catholic Church
* Catholic social teaching
* Catholic liturgy
* Catholic Church and homosexuality
* Catholic theology of sexuality
* Ten Commandments in Catholic theology
# Catapsephis flavizonalis

Catapsephis flavizonalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
# Fresh Breeze Solo

The Fresh Breeze Solo is a German paramotor, designed and produced by Fresh Breeze of Wedemark for powered paragliding.

## Design and development

The aircraft was designed in the 1980s to comply with German rules which are very stringent regarding safety and noise. It features a paraglider-style high-wing, single-place accommodation and a single 19 hp (14 kW) Solo 210 engine in pusher configuration, with a hand throttle control. As is the case with all paramotors, take-off and landing is accomplished by foot.
As the company's first product it was initially known as just the Fresh Breeze, but as other models were added it was renamed the Solo for its fitted engine, the Solo 210.
To comply with German safety requirements the Solo was initially designed with a harness that allowed jettisoning the engine package in flight. This was required to reduce the risk of the pilot drowning in the event of a water landing and also to deal with a possible engine fire in flight. This feature survives in the present day Solo Jettison model. To meet noise requirements the small two-stroke engine has a complex "wrap-around" style exhaust and extra-long muffler system that results in a low sound output. The engine cylinder head is modified to improve cooling and drives a two-bladed carbon fibre propeller.

## Variants
### Fresh Breeze

    Initial name given to the model, as the company's first product.

### Solo CB

    Model with "comfort bar" flexible push rods that counteract engine torque.

### Solo Jettison

    In production in 2012, this model retains the jettisonable engine feature of the earliest models.

## Specifications (Fresh Breeze)

Data from Cliche
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wing area: 290 sq ft (27 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 50 lb (23 kg)
* Gross weight: 278 lb (126 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 2 U.S. gallons (7.6 L; 1.7 imp gal)
* Powerplant: 1 × Solo 210 single cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled aircraft engine, 19 hp (14 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch, carbon-fibre
Performance
* Cruise speed: 25 mph (40 km/h, 22 kn)
* Rate of climb: 400 ft/min (2.0 m/s)
# Casey Airfield

Casey Airfield, later known as Berwick Airfield (ICAO: YBER), was a small airfield for light aircraft located in Berwick, Victoria, Australia. It was built by Rupert Ryan on land he had interited in 1935 and with his sister Ethel ("Maie") had turned it into a successful stud farm "Edrington". Maie had married Richard Casey (later Baron Casey, the 16th Governor-General of Australia) in 1921.
In 1937, Richard and Maie Casey took flying lessons, obtained their licences and bought a Percival Vega Gull which Richard flew between Melbourne and Canberra. Ryan built a landing strip on the property in 1938 and built a hangar to house the Gull. When certified as an aerodrome in June of that year it was named Casey Airfield. Use of the airfield was suspended at the outbreak of World War II and the Caseys' Gull was impressed into the Royal Australian Air Force in November 1939.
The airfield resumed operation in 1947 when Ryan gave permission for the Victorian Motorless Flight Group to use it for glider operations and sport parachuting. VMFG relocated to Bacchus Marsh Airfield in 1962. Richard Casey purchased a Miles Messenger in 1953 and housed it at the airfield until 1962.
In 1968 the airfield was taken over by Groupair Pty Ltd, founded by Keith Hatfield and Ron Kerrison, and renamed Berwick Airfield. Groupair operated a flying school, aerial charter operation and aircraft maintenance facilities. The company had plans for expansion and to turn it into a commercial airport. Some promotional material referred to the location as "Casey Airport". The Royal Victorian Aero Club also conducted flying training from the airfield and planned to move up to 60% of basic flying training away from Moorabbin Airport. Following Kerrison's death in a flying accident in 1969, the company was bought out by millionaire grazier Bryce Killen. The company went into liquidation in 1978 and the assets were bought by Pressfast Industries which planned to turn the site into business park, with a small area retained for helicopter operations. A helicopter hangar was constructed in 1982 but the airfield was out of use by 1989.
The airfield formally closed in 1994 and the Victoria State Government acquired the land. In 1996 it became the Berwick Campus of Monash University. The original 1938 hangar and Casey's Miles Messenger are preserved at the Australian National Aviation Museum at Moorabbin Airport. In 2018 the site became Federation University Australia, Berwick campus.
# Blue Creek

Blue Creek may refer to:
* Blue Creek Conservation Area, a conservation area in Whitehouse, Ohio
* Blue Creek Rainforest Preserve, a small rainforest nature preserve in southern Belize
* Blue Creek Township, Adams County, Indiana
* Blue Creek Township, Ohio
* Blue Creek (Belize), a river in Belize
* Blue Creek, Orange Walk, a Mennonite settlement in the Orange Walk District, Belize
* Blue Creek, Toledo, a village in Toledo District, Belize
* Blue Creek (California)
* Blue Creek (Michigan)
* Blue Creek (Conrad Creek tributary), a stream in Missouri
* Blue Creek, Ohio
* Blue Creek, Utah, a ghost town in Box Elder County, Utah, United States
* Blue Creek Valley, the site of Blue Creek, Utah
* Blue Creek (Chattahoochee River), a tributary of the Chattahoochee River in Georgia
* Blue Creek (West Virginia)
* Blue Creek (Gunnison River tributary), a stream in Colorado
* Blue Creek (Owyhee River tributary), a stream in Idaho
# Deniz (surname)

Déniz or Deniz (also written Denis in some parts of South America, see Denis) is a Spanish-Portuguese surname derived from the French surname De Niz. Deniz, although of different origin, is also Turkish name.
People with Déniz surnames of Spanish-Portuguese origin can be found mostly in the Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira and in the Americas (USA, Cuba, etc.).
De Niz in French, Spanish and Portuguese means "from Niz", where Niz is a defunct spelling variation of the name of the French city Nice. De Nice was written Déniz in Spanish and Portuguese. People bearing that surname in Spain and Portugal and their descendants have the surname with French roots. Alternatively, the Portuguese surname deNiz means "from the be-giN'ing", intricately related with the End.
Deniz can refer to the following people:
* Atiye Deniz (born 1988), Turkish singer
* Burak Deniz, Turkish actor
* Derviş Kemal Deniz (born 1954), Turkish-Cypriot politician
* Elif Deniz (born 1993), Turkish women's footballer
* Erhan Deniz (born 1985), Turkish kickboxer
* Frank Deniz (1912–2005), British jazz guitarist
* Fuat Deniz (1967–2007), Turkish-Swedish sociologist and writer of Assyrian descent
* Leslie Deniz (born 1962), American discus thrower
* Okan Deniz (born 1994), Turkish footballer
* Semih Deniz (born 1989), Turkish Paralympian middle-distance runner