OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brookesia micra

Brookesia micra, also known as the Nosy Hara leaf chameleon is a species of chameleons from the islet of Nosy Hara in Antsiranana, Madagascar. At the time of its discovery, it was the smallest known chameleon and among the smallest reptiles, until the 2021 discovery of the even smaller B. nana. Adult B. micra can grow up to 29 mm (1.1 in) in length.

## Taxonomy

Brookesia micra was discovered and named by a team of researchers led by Frank Glaw of the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology. Glaw and his colleagues have been conducting expeditions into the Malagasy forests for eight years. Members of the species had previously been labelled as Brookesia sp. "Nosy Hara" in 2007 by Glaw and Vences.

### Etymology

The specific epithet of B. micra is a derivation of the Latin form of the Greek word "μικρός" (mikros), which means either "tiny" or "small" and refers to the small body size.

## Description

The males of Brookesia micra reach a maximum snout-vent length of 16 mm (0.63 in), and the total body length of both of the sexes is less than 30 mm (1.2 in), ranking it among the smallest amniote vertebrates found anywhere in the world. Compared to Brookesia minima, B. micra has a shorter tail and a larger head. Adults of B. micra also have orange tails, as opposed to an inconspicuous brown one. The size of the lizard may be linked to its habitat, due to insular dwarfism.

## Distribution and habitat

Brookesia micra, together with three other species, were found in north Madagascar in 2005. This species was discovered on a small, uninhabited island in the Nosy Hara archipelago off the coast of Madagascar. They typically reside in leaf litter during the day, and climb up into tree branches as high as 10 cm (3.9 in) at night to sleep. B. micra habitats are most prevalent in areas with tsingy (i.e., limestone karst), potentially because of the moisture it provides, the protection from predators, and/or that it is the most abundant ecological feature of the area. High altitudes (500-700 meters) and sloped ground (due to higher levels of water shedding) were additional features that were common in B. micra habitats, while leaf litter was not found to be a very important characteristic of their habitats. B. micra lives in an area subject to illegal logging, which may make the species "sensitive to habitat destruction", according to researcher Jorn Köhler. Due to the highly specific nature of B. micra's habitat, the species would be at high risk for extinction if habitat destruction were to occur.
# Bengt O. Muthén

Bengt Olov Muthén is a psychometrician and Professor Emeritus at the Graduate School of Education & Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. He is a former president of the Psychometric Society.
# Vilenjača

Vilenjača is a village in the municipality of Cazin, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 911.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 906 | 99.5% |
| Croats | 1 | 0.1% |
| other/undeclared | 4 | 0.4% |
| Total | 911 | 100% |
# Upper Kolašin

Upper Kolasin (South Slavic languages: Gornji Kolašin, Горњи Колашин), is a historic region in the present-day municipality of Kolašin in Montenegro. It is situated around the picturesque Tara River.

## Demographics

According to the census of 2003, the area of Upper Kolašin has about 10,000 people, all of which are ethnic Serbs and Montenegrins.
Prior to the Treaty of Berlin in 1878, Muslims formed a majority in Upper Kolašin. However, all of them were expelled by 1886, opening up space for the settlement of ethnic Serbs and Montenegrins.
Expulsion of Muslims from Upper Kolašin took place in three waves:
* 1858 - Following the Battle of Grahovac, Montenegro annexed Gornje Lipovo and Recine;
* 1878 - According to the Treaty of Berlin, Montenegro annexed the town of Kolasin and all adjacent villages, all the way to Prepran, along both sides of the Tara River. The town was officially surrendered on October 4, 1878;
* 1886 - Montenegro annexed those villages in the North that were promised to it by the Treaty of Berlin, but whose Muslim population rejected immediate occupation by Montenegro, namely Štitarica, Podbišće, Bjelojevići, Gornja and Donja Polja, Bistrica, and Dobrilovina.
Effectively, the entire area of Upper Kolašin was ethnically cleansed of Muslim by July 2, 1886.
# Valentin Feldman

Valentin Feldman (23 June 1909 – 27 July 1942) was a French philosopher and Marxist of Jewish-Russian origin. In 1942, he was murdered by the Nazis during the Occupation of France.
Born in Saint Petersburg, he left the USSR in 1922 at the end of the Civil War. He settled in Paris and studied at the Lycée Henri IV and the Sorbonne University. A pupil of French philosopher Victor Basch, he worked on aesthetics and wrote an essay, L'Esthétique française contemporaine (French contemporan aesthetic), Félix Alcan, 1936.
Involved in public activities as a teacher of philosophy, he supported as an antifascist the Front populaire and the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. He joined the French Communist Party in 1937. Among his friends were Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Gaston Bachelard and Georges Politzer. In September 1939, he volunteered for the French Army despite suffering from a heart condition. Mobilized as a soldier in Rethel, he began to write his Journal de guerre in January 1940 in the middle of the Phoney War. He survived several air attacks and bombardments during the Fall of France (May–June 1940).
Under the German Occupation he was a teacher in Dieppe but suffered from the first law on the status of Jews (October 1940). He was finally excluded from teaching in July 1941. By that time, he was already active in the French Resistance. From 1940, he was liaison officer between Dieppe, Rouen and Paris. After a year, he wrote the texts against the collaborationist Vichy regime and the Germans in the clandestine newspaper L'Avenir normand in Dieppe, and wrote several texts for the clandestine Parisian review La Pensée libre, supervised by Georges Politzer, Jacques Decour and Jacques Solomon. Becoming part of the underground, he joined a group of communist Resistance in Rouen, where he participated in actions against the German occupiers.
Arrested in February 1942 after the sabotage of a factory, he was imprisoned and tortured. Judged in Paris, he was condemned to death by a German military tribunal. He refused to sign his appeal for a reprieve. Feldman was executed by a firing squad on 27 July 1942. Addressing the German soldiers just before the salvo, he called out to them: "Imbeciles, it is for you that I die! "
His last words inspired numerous French writers: Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Aragon were among them. French-Swiss film-maker Jean-Luc Godard dedicated a short film to him, The Last Word (1988).
Essays :
* L'Esthétique française contemporaine, Paris, Félix Alcan, 1936. (fr.)
* Journal de guerre. 1940-1941, Tours, Farrago, 2006. (fr.)
Translations (from Russian to French) :
* I.K. Luppol, Diderot. Ses idées philosophiques, Paris, Éditions sociales internationales, 1936. (fr.)
* Nicolas Ostrovski, Et l’acier fut trempé..., préface de Romain Rolland, Paris, Éditions sociales internationales, 1937. (fr.)
# Cauquira Airport

Cauquira Airport (IATA: CDD, ICAO: MHCU) is an airstrip serving Cauquira, a village in Gracias a Dios Department, Honduras. The airstrip and village are on a wooded barrier spit protecting the Cauquira and Caratasca Lagoons. The airstrip is 0.8 kilometres (0.5 mi) inland from the Caribbean shore.
The Puerto Lempira non-directional beacon (Ident: PLP) is located 11.4 nautical miles (21.1 km) west-southwest of the airstrip.
# Ex tunc

Ex tunc is a legal term derived from Latin, and means "from the outset". It can be contrasted with ex nunc, which means "from now on". An example of usage of the term can be found in contract law, where voidance of a contract can lead to it either being void ex nunc, i.e. from then on, or ex tunc, in which case it is treated as though it had never come into existence.
Another example can be found in the ecclesiastical courts. These courts, after the conciliatory of Trente 1582, were granted the right to nullify a marriage ex tunc, meaning there was good reason it should be nullified. The consequence is that said couple were never married in the eyes of the church and can get married again by a priest, which they normally would not be able to do if they had divorced.
In some cases, in Italian Courts disqualification from incompatible offices has been declared ex tunc.
# Ex rel.

Ex rel. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase "ex relatione" (meaning "[arising] out of the relation/narration [of the relator]" ). The term is a legal phrase; the legal citation guide, the Bluebook, describes ex rel. as a "procedural phrase" and requires using it to abbreviate "on the relation of", "for the use of", "on behalf of", and similar expressions.
It is most commonly used when a government brings a cause of action upon the request of a private party who has some interest in the matter. The private party is called the relator in such a case. The government acts on the basis of the narration or recounting (Latin relatione) of the alleged facts by the relator. Governments typically accept applications and commence litigation for ex rel. actions only if the interest advanced by the private party is similar to the interest of the government.
New York has a "forever wild" constitutional article, which is enforceable by action of the New York State Attorney General or by any citizen ex rel. with the consent of the Appellate Division.
The term can also be used when a relative or party in privity brings suit on another person's behalf. For example, the Terri Schiavo appeal to the United States Supreme Court was titled Schiavo ex rel. Schindler v. Schiavo.
# Experimental hardcore

Experimental hardcore may refer to:
* Mathcore
* Post-hardcore
* Other music combining a hardcore punk influence with an experimental or avant-garde approach
# Nice 'n Juicy

Nice 'n Juicy is an Australian television sitcom which first screened on the ABC in 1966. The series was created by Colin Free, based on his play How Do You Spell Matrimony?. The series was set on a run down orchard at Wyvern Creek
Initially, only six episodes were produced, but a further seven episodes were commissioned for a total of 13.

## Cast

* Willie Fennell as Jack Hamlin
* John Ewart as Mort Hamlin
* Carmen Duncan as Rosie Withers (2 episodes)
* Gwen Plumb as Ada Withers (2 episodes)
* Ruth Cracknell (1 episode)

## Reception

On viewing advance copies of the first six episodes, Harry Robinson of The Sydney Morning Herald called it a "cleanly made, attractive show" that's "worth a handful of courage" to produce more. Robinson later called the first episode "as refreshing as a walk around an orchard on a spring morning". The same masthead called the first episode "highly promising" and "well worth watching".
# Nicholas Hawken

Nicholas Hawken (1 January 1836 – 13 July 1908) was an English-born Australian politician.
Hawken was born at St Austell in Cornwall to William Hawken and Phillipa Harding. He was educated locally and migrated to New South Wales in 1854, working in the Shoalhaven area. In 1855 he settled in Sydney, going into business as a produce merchant. On 24 July 1861 he married Mary Jane Vance. They had thirteen children, the eleventh of whom was the engineer Roger Hawken (1878–1947).
A long-serving Darlington alderman, Hawken was mayor from 1881 to 1883. In 1887 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Free Trade member for Newtown. He served until his defeat in 1891. In 1899 Hawken was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he served until his death and was reportedly a "ready and forcible debater". For example, in 1890 he had made a spirited defence in Parliament of the new and controversial sculptures on Sydney's General Post Office.
Hawken died at his home "The Gables" in City Road, Darlington in 1908, leaving "a number of literary productions", among which were some verse and some works on political subjects. His estate was valued for probate at £14,650. The surviving remains of one of his firm's buildings, the Hawken and Vance Produce Exchange, are listed on the New South Wales Heritage Register.
# Crotalus ruber lucasensis

Crotalus ruber lucasensis, the San Lucan diamond rattlesnake, is a venomous pitviper subspecies found in Mexico in the Cape region of lower Baja California.

## Description

Similarly to C. r. ruber, adult specimens commonly exceed 100 centimetres (39 in) in length. Both of these subspecies can be identified by having prenasals that are usually in contact with the first pair of supralabials, an absence of interchinshields, and by having tail rings that are either complete, or broken at the midline, but usually not laterally.$^{:579}$ However, this subspecies in particular exhibits a tendency for rattle loss.$^{:491}$

## Geographic range

Found in Mexico in the cape region of lower Baja California. The type locality given is "Agua Caliente, Cape Region of Lower [Baja] California, Mexico."
# Exoletuncus aquilus

Exoletuncus aquilus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador (Tungurahua Province) and Bolivia.
# Exoletuncus canescens

Exoletuncus canescens is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Napo Province, Ecuador.
# Extensor pollicis et indicis communis muscle

In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis et indicis communis is an accessory muscle in the posterior compartment of forearm. It was first described in 1863. The muscle has a prevalence from 0.5% to 4%.

## Structure

The structure of the extensor pollicis et indicis communis resembles both the characteristics of the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor indicis proprius. It originates from the distal end of ulna. Its tendon passes through the extensor retinaculum in the fourth extensor compartment, splits into two and inserts to both thumb and index finger. The presence of the extensor pollicis et indicis communis, on the other hand, may impair thumb adduction.
It was reported as an unusual juncturae tendinum, a tendinous connection between tendon of the extensor pollicis longus and tendon of the extensor digitorum communis to the index finger. It was also identified as a slip of the extensor indicis proprius to the extensor pollicis longus in an Indian cadaver.

## In other animals

In many species of New World monkeys, a muscle similar to the extensor pollicis et indicis communis was found to be a normal anatomy rather than an anatomical variation. It is described as the extensor pollicis et indicis longus. In chimpanzees and humans, however, the muscle is well separated becoming the extensor pollicis longus and the extensor indicis proprius.
# Extensor retinaculum of the hand

The extensor retinaculum (dorsal carpal ligament, or posterior annular ligament) is a thickened portion of the antebrachial fascia that holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place. It is located on the back of the forearm, just proximal to the hand. It is continuous with the palmar carpal ligament (which is located on the anterior side of the forearm).

## Structure

The extensor retinaculum is a strong, fibrous band, extending obliquely downward and medialward across the back of the wrist. It consists of part of the deep fascia of the back of the forearm, strengthened by the addition of some transverse fibers.

### Relations

There are six separate synovial sheaths run beneath the extensor retinaculum: (1st) abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons, (2nd) extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons, (3rd) extensor pollicis longus tendon, (4th) extensor digitorium communis and extensor indicis proprius tendons, (5th) extensor digiti minimi tendon and (6th) extensor carpi ulnaris tendon.
On the dorsal side of the hand, the palmar carpal ligament corresponds in location and structure to the extensor retinaculum, both being formations of the antebrachial fascia and therefore continuous. Consequently, the flexor retinaculum is commonly referred to as the transverse carpal ligament to avoid confusion.

### Histology

Structurally, the retinaculum consists of three layers. The deepest layer, the gliding layer, consists of hyaluronic acid-secreting cells. The thick middle layer consists of interspersed elastin fibers, collagen bundles, and fibroblasts. The most superficial layer is made up of loose connective tissue which contains vascular channels. Combined these three layers create a smooth gliding surface as well as mechanically strong tissue which prevents tendon bowstringing. The extensor retinaculum of the foot has similar structure.

## Clinical significance

Studies conducted on the retinaculum have exhibited it to have several possible surgical treatments uses. A graft of the extensor retinaculum was shown to be useful in treating boxer's knuckle when direct repair of the damaged capsule is not possible. Because of their similarities in histological structure, studies also show the extensor retinaculum to be a reasonable biological replacement for reconstruction of a deficient annular pulley.

## Additional images

* Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna.
* Extensor retinaculum of the hand. Deep dissection.
# Baie Saint Anne

Baie Sainte Anne (French pronunciation:) is an administrative district of Seychelles located mostly on the island of Praslin, but also administers Curieuse Island and some other smaller islands.
# Balcı

Balcı (pronounced) is a Turkish name meaning "apiarist" or "beekeeper" and may refer to:

## People

* Serkan Balcı (born 1983), Turkish footballer
* Serhat Balcı (born 1982), Turkish wrestler
* Şükrü Balcı (1929–1993), Turkish police chief and civil servant
* Tamer Balci (1917–1993), Turkish actor

## Places

* Balcı, Bor, a village in the district of Bor, Niğde Province, Turkey
* Balcı, Borçka, a village in the district of Borçka, Artvin Province
* Balcı, Gönen, a village
* Balcı, Ilgaz
* Balcı, Ortaköy, small town in Aksaray Province, Turkey
# Crazy Cats

The Crazy Cats (Japanese: クレージーキャッツ, Hepburn: Kurējī Kyattsu) also known as Hajime Hana and the Crazy Cats (ハナ肇とクレージーキャッツ, Hana Hajime to Kurējī Kyattsu) were a Japanese jazz band and comedy group popular in film and television, particularly between the 1950s and 1970s. Led by Hajime Hana, the band's other main members were Kei Tani, Hitoshi Ueki, Hiroshi Inuzuka, Senri Sakurai, Shin Yasuda, and Ētarō Ishibashi.

## Band origins

The band was originally formed in 1955 at the end of the first jazz boom in Japan under the name The Cuban Cats. Signed to Watanabe Productions, their performances mixed music and comedic bits, in the spirit of Frankie Sakai and the City Slickers, and they soon changed their name to the Crazy Cats. At the end of the 1950s, the main members were Hana, Tani, Ueki, Inuzuka, Yasuda, and Ishibashi. Sakurai joined in 1960, and Ishibashi left in 1971.
The group became nationally famous after appearing on the television show "Otona No Manga" starting in 1959. Beginning in 1961, they co-starred on the variety show "Soap Bubble Holiday" ("Shabondama Horidē"), performing in skits written by Yukio Aoshima, who later became governor of Tokyo. Their 1961 song, "Sudara-Bushi," sung by Ueki, was a major hit and led to seven consecutive appearances on NHK's Kohaku Utagassen. Their popularity also led to a series of films produced at the Toho Studios, the most famous of which was the Musekinin Otoko or Irresponsible Man. The series of films featured Ueki as a salaryman attempting to advance up the corporate ladder.

## Influence

In terms of their music, E. Taylor Atkins has said that "The Crazy Cats are significant for capitalizing and purveying an image of jazz musicians as clownish, slang-slinging ne’er-do-wells. Their audience rewarded the Cats with the longevity of which very few Japanese acts could boast." Mark Anderson has written that their "film series, in particular, had a great impact on 1960s popular culture," and that "they remain emblematic of a group of entertainers made possible by the television era." J-pop singer-songwriter Gen Hoshino wrote his 2014 single "Crazy Crazy" as a homage to the band.

## Filmography

* Nippon musekinin jidai (1962) Director: Kengo Furusawa
* Let's Meet in Our Dreams (1962) Director: Kengo Furusawa
* Strategy First Win (1963) Director: Seiji Hisamatsu
* Irresponsible Crushed! (1963) Director: Takashi Tsuboshima
* Crazy Cats Go to Hong Kong (1963) Director: Toshio Sugie
* Irresponsible Yuden (1964) Director: Toshio Sugie
* Crazy Adventure (1965) Director: Kengo Furusawa
* It's A Strange Heaven (1966) Director: Takashi Tsuboshima
* Operation Crazy (1966) Director: Kengo Furusawa
* Industrial Spy Free for All (1967) Director: Takashi Tsuboshima
* Las Vegas Free-for-All (1967) Director: Takashi Tsuboshima
* Monsieur Zivaco (1967) Director: Takashi Tsuboshima
* Mexican Free-for-All (1968) Director: Takashi Tsuboshima
* The Great Discovery (1969) Director: Kengo Furusawa
* The Big Explosion (1969) Director: Kengo Furusawa
* Be Deceived! (1971) Director: Takashi Tsuboshima
# Balcolyn, New South Wales

Balcolyn is a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie in New South Wales, Australia on a peninsula east of the town of Morisset on the western side of Lake Macquarie.

## History

Casuarina (she-oak) trees were situated among the waterfront. This attracted the timber industry, as timber from such trees were good for roofing. Shingle Splitters Point (named after the workers, who were called "shingle splitters") was used as an anchorage and loading place.

## Crusaders

The Crusader Union of Australia runs a Christian education campsite at 40 Yarrawonga Park Road, Balcolyn. It is located on the shores of Lake Macquarie and has accommodation for 112 guests. There are facilities for sport and recreational activities including a jetty for sailing, canoeing, paddle boarding and fishing.
# Brinley, Ohio

Brinley is an unincorporated community in Preble County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A former variant name was Brinleys Station. Brinleys Station had its start in 1855 when Sylvester Brinley gave a portion of his land for a railroad station, in exchange for naming rights. A post office was established under the name Brinleys Station in 1860, the name was changed to Brinley in 1882, and the post office closed in 1902.
# Eşmepınar

Eşmepınar can refer to:
* Eşmepınar, Çayırlı
* Eşmepınar, Çıldır
# Ngau Pei Sha

Ngau Pei Sha (Chinese: 牛皮沙) is a village in Siu Lek Yuen, Sha Tin District, Hong Kong.

## Administration

Ngau Pei Sha is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy. It is one of the villages represented within the Sha Tin Rural Committee. For electoral purposes, Ngau Pei Sha is part of the Yu Yan constituency, which was formerly represented by Lo Yuet-chau until July 2021.