OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-484

German submarine U-484 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She carried out one patrol. She sank no ships.
She was sunk by British warships northwest of Ireland on 9 September 1944.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-484 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-484 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The submarine was laid down on 27 March 1943 at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 319, launched on 20 November and commissioned on 19 January 1944 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Wolf-Axel Schaefer.
She served with the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 19 January 1944 for training and the 3rd flotilla from 1 August for operations.

### Patrol and loss

U-484's only patrol was preceded by a short trip from Kiel in Germany to Horten Naval Base (south of Oslo), in Norway. The patrol itself began with the boat's departure from Horten on 14 August 1944. She passed through the gap separating Iceland and the Faroe Islands and was shortly afterwards attacked and sunk by depth charges dropped by two British warships, the corvette HMS Portchester Castle and the frigate HMS Helmsdale on 9 September 1944.
Fifty-two men went down with U-484; there were no survivors.

## Previously recorded fate

Sunk on 9 September 1944 by depth charges from two Canadian warships, the corvette HMCS Dunver and the frigate HMCS Hespeler. This attack was on a non-submarine target.
# Bonnett's Energy

Bonnett's Energy Corp. is an open-ended investment trust headquartered in Calgary, Alberta serving the oil and gas production and completion services industry in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin ("WCSB").

## Profile

Bonnett's Energy Services Trust is focused on providing oilfield services through four operating divisions: Wireline Services, including slickline, electric line, and swabbing services; Testing Services, including production testing, frac recovery, Under balanced drilling recovery, well bleed offs, pipeline bleed offs and related services; Well stimulation, including fracturing, acidizing and nitrogen services; and Fishing and Rentals, including rental of fishing and oilfield equipment, and services to be used on drilling and service rigs.

## Corporate governance

Current members of the board of directors of Bonnett's Energy Services Trust are: Murray Toews, Troy Tews and Carrie Lonardelli.
# Paulinus of Trier

Saint Paulinus of Trier (died 358) was bishop of Trier and a supporter of St. Athanasius the Great in the conflict against Arianism. At the Synod of Arles (353) he was targeted by the Arians, and was exiled to Phrygia, being effectively singled out by the Emperor Constantius II. He died in exile five years later, but his remains were returned to Trier in 395. His tomb is in the crypt of the city's St. Paulinus' Church, which was rededicated to him.
Paulinus was from Gascony and educated in the cathedral school at Poitiers. He travelled to Germany with Maximin of Trier, whom he succeeded as bishop.

## Veneration

He is a saint venerated by the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church. His feast day is on 31 August.
# Dungeon Mapping Sheets

Dungeon Mapping Sheets is a supplement published by Games Workshop in 1982 for use with any fantasy role-playing games .

## Contents

In the mid-1970s, Games Workshop became the UK distributor for the American role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons published by TSR, Inc. In 1978, GW then started to produce original licensed products for D&D, including a pad of character sheets, a pad of hex sheets, a pad of dungeon mapping sheets, and the Dungeon Floor Plans accessory which featured 1" square tiles that could be cut apart to represent rooms and corridors. Each of these products carried the Dungeons & Dragons trademark, some of the few licensed D&D products ever authorized by TSR.$^{:139–140}$
In 1982, GW started to reprint some of these game aids, but this time solely as GW products, without the TSR logo.$^{:143}$ One of those rebranded products was Dungeon Floor Plans, a pad of fifty A4 sheets printed with a grid of 1" squares.

## Reception

Doug Cowie reviewed Dungeon Mapping Sheets for Imagine magazine, and stated that they were "well designed for the purposes for which they are intended. However, alternatives are available at less cost. The price difference must be mainly attributable to the fancy packaging: a point worth remembering before parting with your hard earned cash."
# Dubbi

Dubbi is a village located in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. It borders on the Thar Desert, adjacent to Mirwah Taluka and Nara Taluka. It has a population of 1750 people.

## History

"Dubbi" means a small pond of water. Location of Village is 1.5 Kilometers away from Old Indus River Passage. In earlier days of 16th century here was a pond of water where people come to take water, animals also take water from this pond. These days that pond is not available but people have made their houses there in the middle of 19th century. People migrated from nearest fields to the bank of these sandy areas to cope the rains and breaches of Mirwah canal.
# British Rail Class 482

The British Rail Class 482 electric multiple units were built by ABB in 1992, for use on the Waterloo & City line. The units are almost identical to the 1992 tube stock built for the Central line.
Ten 2-car units were built, numbered 482501–510. Each unit consisted of a type "E" driving motor, numbered 65501–510, and a type "F" non-driving motor, numbered 67501–510. Trains were operated using two units semi-permanently coupled, with the driving motors outermost.
The units were built as direct replacements for the elderly Class 487 units, dating from 1940. They were delivered to Ruislip depot during March 1993, and were painted in Network SouthEast livery; however, as the Waterloo & City line was completely separate from the rest of the National Rail network, and was entirely underground, they did not receive yellow front ends. Following commissioning (which included test runs as 8-car trains over most of the Central line), they were delivered by road to the Waterloo & City line during May and June 1993, and following further test runs, entered service on 19 July 1993.
On 1 April 1994, operational control of the Waterloo & City line transferred to London Underground. Shortly after the transfer of the line, unit numbers and NSE logos were removed, and LU roundels added together with Central line diagrams. The BR car numbers were retained, not having previously been used by London Underground; and some of the other BR markings were also retained on the inner ends of the "F" cars, but otherwise the trains remained in as-built condition until refurbishment in 2006.

## Fleet details

| Class | Operator | No. Built | Year Built | Cars per Set | Unit nos. | Notes |
| Class 482 | Network SouthEast | 10 | 1992–93 | 2 | 482501-482510 | Transferred to London Underground 1994, now in service as London Underground 1992 Stock |

## Gallery

* Class 482 in Network SouthEast livery at Bank station
* Class 482 in Network SouthEast livery at Bank station
# Dunmanus Bay

Dunmanus Bay is a bay in County Cork, Ireland. The bay lies between Mizen Head to the south and Sheep's Head to the north with the small village of Durrus at the head of the bay. The bay is out of the main tidal flow with no significant rivers flowing into it and is little frequented by vessels. On the eastern shore of the bay are the ruins of Dunmanus Castle built by the O'Mahony clan in 1430. To the south, Dunlough Castle, an earlier O'Mahony fortification, stands atop the cliffs at the northern perch of the Mizen peninsula.
Rinneen Island is a small islet in the bay, just off Dunmanus Pier.
# Chromasex Monkeydrive

Chromasex Monkeydrive is the fourth studio album by LUXT, released on April 18, 2000, by Chalkhead Records. Vocalist Anna Christine recommended the album highly among the artist's other work and described it as an enjoyable listen.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Erie Loch; all music is composed by Anna Christine and Erie Loch

## Personnel

Adapted from the Chromasex Monkeydrive liner notes.
LUXT
* Anna Christine – bass guitar, keyboards, sampler, vocals, executive-producer
* Crash – bass guitar
* David Hiscook – guitar
* Erie Loch – guitar, keyboards, sampler, vocals, production, engineering
* Frost Reed – drums
Additional performers
* Dik – electronics

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 2000 | Chalkhead | CD | CLK 17 |
# Germán Becker Alvear

Germán Becker Alvear (born 13 March 1955) is a Chilean politician who served as member of the Constitutional Council and the Chamber of Deputies of his country. Similarly, he was appointed as ambassador to Panama during Sebastián Piñera's second government.
# Dušan Petrović Šane

Dušan Petrović Šane (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Петровић Шане; 28 June 1914 – 21 June 1977) was a Yugoslav communist soldier and politician who served as President of the People's Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Serbia from 1963 to 1967.
A Partisan officer from World War II, Petrović was also a Hero of Socialist Labour and a People's Hero of Yugoslavia.
# Pavoor Uliya

Pavoor Uliya is an island on the Netravathi River and located 12 km from Mangalore with 35 houses, a chapel and a former government school. It was adopted by Dakshina Kannada Zilla in May 2017 in order to improve development. During summer, a temporary wooden bridge connects the island to the river bank. In the rainy season, a passenger ferry takes Pilates to and from the island. There are no street lights, shops or medical facilities on the island.

## Etymology

Uliya means "leftover or remaining land". The geography resembles a jagged oval shape. Most of the families here are Roman Catholic, except for one Hindu family. The native language is Konkani. Capuchin priests from Farangipet come here to celebrate Eucharistic Mass every Sunday. The chapel's name is Infant Jesus Chapel. Every year during Christmas youth and children organize a cultural program.

## Economy

The basic sources of living are fishing and agriculture. Coconut trees and other fruit trees such as mango and jackfruit are grown on the island.
Currently, the sand mining has caused huge damage to the island. There evaluation of the damage caused due to mining activities.

## Development

On Tuesday, 29 July 2014, the Minister for health and family welfare, U.T. Khadar of Karnataka, said the Karnataka state government, acting on the longstanding demands of the people of Pavoor-Uliya, has sanctioned the construction of a hanging bridge across the Netravati River, connecting the island to the mainland. A sum of Rs 3 crores has already been released for this purpose.
# Chrysendeton claudialis

Chrysendeton claudialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found on Hispaniola and Cuba.
# Dahris Martin

Dahris Butterworth Martin (November 17, 1900 – July 1980) was an American writer, from Vermont in the United States, the daughter of John D. Martin and [missing first name] Martin, née Butterworth. Her family origins lay in Maghera, County Londonderry, Ireland. She is best known for her 1937 travel book on Tunisia, Among the Faithful. Martin was born in New York state and studied at Columbia University. She worked for a while at the publishing house Doubleday. In 1925, she left for Europe and lived in France and Switzerland. In 1926, she moved to Tunisia where she met her future husband Harry Shokler (1896-1978), an American artist and print-maker.
Martin's most famous book Among the Faithful was first published in London in 1937, in New York in 1943 as "I Know Tunisia" and is still in print. Her children's books include:
* Adventure in Ireland
* Adventure in Tunisia: The Fair at Kairwan
* Awisha's Carpet
* Fatma Was a Goose
* Little Lamb
* The Wonder Cat
# Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse

Nilgiri vandeleuria (Vandeleuria nilagirica), also known as the Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse and the Indian long-tailed tree mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. There has been some dispute as to whether this specimen is actually a subspecies of the Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse but current opinion seems to suggest that it is indeed a separate species. It is found in India.
# Vitallium

Vitallium is an alloy of 65% cobalt, 30% chromium, 5% molybdenum, and other substances. The alloy is used in dentistry and artificial joints, because of its resistance to corrosion. It is also used for components of turbochargers because of its thermal resistance. Vitallium was developed by Albert W. Merrick for the Austenal Laboratories in 1932.
In 2016 Norman Sharp, a 91-year-old British man, was recognised as having the world's oldest hip replacement implants. The two Vitallium implants were implanted in November 1948 at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, under the newly formed NHS. The 67-year-old implants had such an unusually long life, partly because they had not required the typical replacement of such implants, but also because of Sharp's young age of 23 when they were implanted, owing to a childhood case of septic arthritis.
For high-temperature use in engines, particularly turbochargers, the first alloy used was Haynes Stellite No. 21, similar to Vitallium. This was suggested by the British engineer, and denture wearer, S.D. Heron during World War II. Although the characteristics of the material obviously suggested itself for making turbocharger blades, it was thought impossible to cast it to the precision needed. Heron demonstrated that it could be, by showing his Vitallium dentures.
# Frieda Impekoven

Frieda Impekoven (née Kobler; German: ; 1880 – after 1966) was a Swiss or German woman who protected Jews during the Holocaust.

## Life

Frieda Kobler was born in Zürich in 1880. Her father was an industrialist. She later married the German playwright Toni Impekoven, their daughter Niddy Impekoven was born in 1904 and would go on to be a successful dancer. All three were opposed to the Nazi government and its racial policies.
Impekoven was contacted in 1943 by Ms Wölffler, who had been evicted from her home and lived in a house designated only for Jews. She brought food to the elderly Jewish woman. Impekoven was questioned about her relations with Wölffler, but was left alone after a Gestapo officer recognised that her daughter was a famous dancer. Wölffler however was later deported to Theresienstadt.
Another time she offered her apartment to another Jewish woman, Margarete Knewitz. While Impekoven went to visit her husband in Strasbourg, Knewitz was allowed to stay in her apartment. In this manner, Knewitz escaped deportation and wound up finding lasting accommodation in Stuttgart.
After her husband's death in 1947, Impekoven moved back to Switzerland. In 1966 she was recognised as Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem.
# Dasyuris callicrena

Dasyuris callicrena is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
# Benjamín Teplizky

Benjamín Teplizky Lijavetzky (12 September 1932 − 3 August 1997) was a Chilean politician who served as minister. Similarly, he is a very recognized figure in his country, where there's an energetic prize with his name.
# Azirine

Azirines are three-membered heterocyclic unsaturated (i.e. they contain a double bond) compounds containing a nitrogen atom and related to the saturated analogue aziridine. They are highly reactive yet have been reported in a few natural products such as Dysidazirine. There are two isomers of azirine: 1H-Azirines with a carbon-carbon double bond are not stable and rearrange to the tautomeric 2H-azirine, a compound with a carbon-nitrogen double bond. 2H-Azirines can be considered strained imines and are isolable.

## Preparation

2H-Azirine is most often obtained by the thermolysis of vinyl azides. During this reaction, a nitrene is formed as an intermediate. Alternatively, they can be obtained by oxidation of the corresponding aziridine. Azirine can be generated during photolysis of isoxazole. Due to the weak N-O bond, the isoxazole ring tends to collapse under UV irradiation, rearranging to azirine.
Substituted azirines can be produced via the Neber rearrangement.

## Reactions

Photolysis of azirines (under 300 nm) is a very efficient way to generate nitrile ylides. These nitrile ylides are dipolar compounds and can be trapped by a variety of dipolarophiles to yield heterocyclic compounds, e.g. pyrrolines.
The strained ring system also undergoes reactions that favor ring opening and can act as a nucleophile or an electrophile.
Azirines readily hydrolyse to give aminoketones which are themselves susceptible to self-condensation.
# Gerd Leonhard

Gerd Leonhard is a German futurist, speaker and author who specializes in the debate between humanity and technology. He currently lives in Zurich, Switzerland.
Born in Bonn, Germany, Leonhard studied theology at the University of Bonn before migrating to the United States in 1982 where he studied at the Berklee College of Music and later established a career as a professional musician, arranger and composer. He also set up an early internet business in music, which provided first-hand insights into technology disruption and inspired his first book, co-authored with Dave Kusek, The Future of Music in 2005.
Leonhard evolved his futurist practice, applying these insights to multiple other industries and social environments. Influenced by classic futurists such as Alvin Toffler, Leonhard's work also shows the influence of science fiction authors such as Arthur C. Clarke and William Gibson.
In 2016, he published Technology vs. Humanity, a manifesto for digital rights and an investigation into the many areas of life currently impacted by technology disruption without regulation or policy. Leonhard has expressed views critical of transhumanism and technology centralization. Emphasizing a European tradition of humanist values and philosophy, Leonhard pursues a path of technological balance as evidenced in earlier eras such as the Italian Renaissance. His Open Letter to the Partnership on AI was published in the British magazine Wired in October 2016, calling on technology leaders at IBM, Microsoft, Google, Facebook and Amazon to embrace digital ethics in the emerging era of cognitive automation.
# Chak Dayala

Chack Diyalla or Chakdyala is a village in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is located in Hiranagar tehsil of Kathua district.

## Demography

According to 2011 census, Chack Dayala has total of 187 families residing with a population of 943 of which 495 were males while 448 were females. Average Sex Ratio of Chack Diyalla village is 905 which is higher than Jammu and Kashmir state average of 889. Literacy rate of the village was 86.08% higher than state literacy of 67.16%. Male literacy stands at 92.27% while the female literacy rate was 79.45%.
Other general and backward caste (OBC) constitutes 91% of the total population in Chak Diyalla village. The village Chack Diyalla currently doesn't have any Schedule Tribe population.

## Transport

Chack Dayala is 5 km away from tehsil headquarter Hiranagar. While it is 64 km from winter capital Jammu city. Chak Dayala village has railway station.

## Religious worships

There is also a temple in the town, Mata Vaishno Mandir Langerial (Shri Swami Vishno Puri JI Maharaj Mandir).
# Detroit United Railway

The Detroit United Railway was a transport company which operated numerous streetcar and interurban lines in southeast Michigan. Although many of the lines were originally built by different companies, they were consolidated under the control of the Everett-Moore syndicate, a Cleveland-based group of investors. The company incorporated on December 31, 1900, and continued to expand into the early 1920s through new construction and the acquisition of smaller concerns. After the DUR acquired the Detroit-Jackson line in 1907, it operated more than 400 miles (640 km) of interurban lines and 187 miles (301 km) of street city street railway lines.
Beginning in 1922, however, the DUR began a process of devolution when it sold the local Detroit, Michigan streetcar system to the city, under the management of the Department of Street Railways (DSR). The company continued to abandon or sell properties throughout the 1920s; on September 26, 1928, the remainder was reorganized as the Eastern Michigan Railways (EMR).
The Eastern Michigan operated an interurban line from Detroit to Toledo where it connected with Ohio interurbans. With the Cincinnati and Lake Erie interurban connection at Toledo, passenger and freight service was provided from Detroit to Dayton and Cincinnati. This line was abandoned in 1932 due to lack of business.
In addition to their Michigan holdings, the Detroit United Railway also owned the Sandwich, Windsor and Amherstburg Railway, an interurban trolley line linking Windsor, Ontario with the towns of Tecumseh, Ontario to its east, and to La Salle, Ontario and Amherstburg, Ontario to its southwest. This was purchased in 1901, and sold in 1920. Remnants of the DUR in the Windsor area to this day include the Ganatchio Trail bike path (along former Claireview Street, the original SW&A alignment), and the older bridge foundations on Front Road over River Canard.

## Publications

* Electric railway service / Publicity Dept., Detroit United Lines. Detroit, Mich.: 1913–1920, 5 vols. A weekly periodical, now available through googlebooks.com.
* [Safety bulletin] / Pere Marquette Railway Co. Detroit Mich.: 1918–1920.
* Safety: a magazine for all of us / Detroit United Lines. Detroit, Mich.: 1914?- ? For their street car conductors.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Schram, Henning & Andrews 1988, p. 164.
* ↑ Keenan, Jack, The Cincinnati and Lake Erie Railroad: Ohio's Great Interurban System, p76-78. Golden West Books, San Marino, CA. 1974. ISBN 0-87095-055-X.
* ↑ "Tecumseh DUR Station – International Metropolis". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-27.