OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frontal fibrosing alopecia

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is the frontotemporal hairline recession and eyebrow loss in postmenopausal women that is associated with perifollicular erythema, especially along the hairline.$^{:648}$ It is considered to be a clinical variant of lichen planopilaris.

## Presentation

There is loss of both terminal and vellus hairs that occurs in a bandlike pattern on the frontotemporal scalp. It is a scarring alopecia that has been associated with facial papules, glabellar red dots, a loss of eyebrows, and prominent venous vasculature in the forehead. Facial hyperpigmentation may occur in dark-skinned patients if association with lichen planus pigmentosus is present.

### Associations

Frontal fibrosing alopecia has been most often reported in post-menopausal women with higher levels of affluence and a negative smoking history. Autoimmune disease is found in 30% of patients.

## Pathogenesis

Although the pathogenesis of frontal fibrosing alopecia is poorly understood, autoimmune reaction and hormonal factors may play a role.

## Diagnostic

Perifollicular erythema and scarring white patches are seen on dermoscopy. On scalp biopsy, lymphocytic and granulomatous perifolliculitis with eccentric atrophy of follicular epithelia and perifollicular fibrosis are visualized.

### Differential diagnosis

Important diagnoses to consider include female pattern hair loss (FPHL), chronic telogen effluvium (CTE), and alopecia areata (AA). FPHL is a non-scarring progressive miniaturization of the hair follicle with one of three different characteristic patterns. CTE is an idiopathic disease causing increased hair shedding and bi-temporal recession, usually in middle aged women. AA is an autoimmune attack of hair follicles that usually causes hair to fall out in small round patches.

## Treatment

Improvement or stabilization of the condition has been reported with topical and intralesional corticosteroids, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, topical and oral immunomodulators, tacrolimus, and most recently, 5α-reductase inhibitors. In one study, the use of antiandrogens (finasteride or dutasteride) was associated with improvement in 47% and stabilization in 53% of patients Recently, successful treatment of facial papules in patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia was described with oral isotretinoin.
# Frédéric Recordon

Frédéric Recordon (8 April 1811, in Rances – 26 November 1889, in Écublens) was a Swiss physician and ophthalmologist.

## Life

He studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg as a pupil of Maximilian Joseph von Chelius, then continued his education in Paris, where he attended lectures given by Frédéric Jules Sichel. In 1837 he settled in Lausanne and opened an out-patient clinic for eye patients. In 1843, with Elisabeth Jeanne de Cerjat and William Haldimand, he founded the Asile des Aveugles (Asylum for the Blind) in Lausanne, where he worked as chief physician from 1844 to 1880. In the meantime, he taught classes in forensic medicine (from 1862) and hygiene (from 1869) at the Academy of Lausanne.
From 1857 to 1884 he served as head of health services for the canton of Vaud. He was a catalyst towards the establishment of a school of pharmacy (1873), the Cery mental hospital (1873) and the new cantonal hospital at Champ-de-l'Air (1883).
In 1890 a biography was published by his former assistant, Marc Dufour, with the title Le docteur F. Recordon: 1811-1889 in the journal Revue médicale de la Suisse Romande. The thoroughfare "Avenue Frédéric Recordon" in Lausanne commemorates his name.
# Oriental Buddha Park

Oriental Buddha Park is a cultural theme park in Leshan, China featuring reproductions of Buddhist statues and Buddhist themed carvings made from stone, rock, and other materials.
The park is adjacent to the Leshan Giant Buddha, a tall Buddha statue listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Private ownership

The park is developed and operated by a private firm on a for profit basis. The land for the park was acquired through expropriation of farmland and relocation of its residents. Compared to the compensation given for farmland for the expansion of the area for the Leshan Giant Buddha, the compensation for the privately run Oriental Buddha Park was higher than the compensation provided by the local government developing the Leshan Giant Buddha.
The commercial nature of the park next to a heritage site has attracted commentary from academics. Local Leshan scholars Jiaming Luo and Chunjing Zeng in a conference paper pointed out the profit driven nature of the park invited the question of whether a commercial entity "can become the mediator to revitalize the spirit of heritage".
Visitors pay a ticket price to enter the park separate from the entry price of the Leshan Giant Buddha.

## Attractions

There are around 3,000 Buddha statues in the park including a 170 meter long sleeping Buddha statue.
# Osterøy (island)

Osterøy is an island situated northeast of the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. With a total area of 328 square kilometres (127 sq mi), it is the largest Norwegian island not located directly adjacent to the ocean, and the second largest such island in Northern Europe. Osterøy is covered by two municipalities: the majority (275 square kilometres (106 sq mi)) by Osterøy municipality, and the rest (53 square kilometres (20 sq mi)) by Vaksdal municipality. The vast majority of the island's population lives in Osterøy municipality (7,305 inhabitants as of 2008).
The island is surrounded by fjords with mainland Norway on all sides of those fjords. The Osterfjorden-Romarheimsfjorden flows along the north side, the Sørfjorden flows along the southern and western sides, and the Veafjorden flows along the eastern side. The highest mountain on Osterøy is the 868-metre (2,848 ft) tall Høgafjellet.
There are two road bridges that connect the island to the rest of the road network in Norway. The first is the Osterøy Bridge, built in 1997 on the southwestern tip of the island. That bridge is the only road connection to the mainland for most residents of Osterøy. The other is the Kallestadsundet Bridge which connects the northeastern tip of the island to the mainland. The northeastern part of Osterøy only has one road, and it is not connected to the rest of the roads on the island, so to get from the northeastern part of the island to the rest of the island, one would have to cross the Kallestadsundet Bridge to leave the island, drive 40 kilometres (25 mi) along the mainland to the opposite side of the island, then cross the Osterøy Bridge to get back onto the island. This is why the northeastern part of the island is part of Vaksdal municipality and the rest of the island is part of Osterøy municipality.

## Media gallery

* Southwestern tip of the island with the Osterøy Bridge
* Western part of the island, surrounded by the Sørfjorden
* View of Hausvik, on the western coast
* View of the Veafjorden with Osterøy to the left
* Havrå, a cluster farm on the southern coast of the island
# Ostfriedhof

Ostfriedhof may refer to:
* Ostfriedhof (Cologne), a cemetery in Cologne, Germany
* Ostfriedhof (Munich), a cemetery in Munich, Germany
# Desmoglein-1

Desmoglein-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG1 gene. Desmoglein-1 is expressed everywhere in the skin epidermis, but mainly it is expressed in the superficial upper layers of the skin epidermis.

## Function

Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial and certain other cell types. Desmoglein-1 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, four desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. The protein encoded by this gene has been identified as the autoantigen of the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus foliaceus. It has been found that desmoglein-1 is the target antigen in majority of the cases linked to IgG/IgA pemphigus, which is an autoimmune IgG/IgA antibody mediated response. Desmoglein-1 is also a target of Staphylococcus exotoxins (exfoliatins) A and B which contribute to the pathoaetiology of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
Deficiency of the desmoglein-1 protein has been found to be associated with increased expression of multiple genes encoding allergy-related cytokines. Desmoglein-1 is haploinsufficient and a mutation in the gene can cause the autosomal dominant mutation striate palmoplantar keratoderma. In 2013, cases have arisen where the homozygous loss of the desmoglein-1 gene has resulted in a rare syndrome known as SAM syndrome – severe dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting.

## Interactions

Desmoglein-1 has been shown to interact with PKP3, PKP2, and PTPRT (PTPrho)
# Ostrowie

Ostrowie may refer to the following places:
* Ostrowie, Augustów County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
* Ostrowie, Sokółka County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
# Ostrowce

Ostrowce may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Ostrowce, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Ostrowce, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)
* Ostrówce, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
# Cephas Lumina

Cephas Lumina is a Zambian lawyer and human rights expert. From 2008 to 2014 he was the "United Nations Independent Expert on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of States on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights", appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council. He was succeeded by the Argentine lawyer Juan Pablo Bohovslavsky.
He holds an LLB with Merit (Zambia), an LLM in International Human Rights Law (Essex, United Kingdom), a PhD in International Human Rights Law (Griffith University, Australia), and an Advanced Diploma in International Human Rights (Åbo Akademi University, Finland).
He is an Advocate of the High Court for Zambia and an Extra-Ordinary Professor of Human Rights Law at the University of Pretoria, and has served as a visiting professor at the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at Lund University in Sweden, a Visiting Lecturer at Makerere University in Uganda and as a consultant to the United Nations, the International Development Law Organization, the Canadian International Development Agency, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, the Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa, Women for Change and the High Court of Tanzania. He has written and lectured on human rights, humanitarian law, commercial law and legal education. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the International Human Rights Law Review and African Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law.
# Ceri Dallimore

Ceri Dallimore (born 2 July 1974) is a Welsh sport shooter.
Dallimore won a gold medal at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in the Women's Smallbore Rifle Prone Pairs event alongside Johanne Brekke. She also competed at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
# Liberty Township, Nebraska

Liberty Township, Nebraska may refer to the following places:
* Liberty Township, Fillmore County, Nebraska
* Liberty Township, Gage County, Nebraska
* Liberty Township, Kearney County, Nebraska
* Liberty Township, Valley County, Nebraska
# Fang Zhong

Fang Zhong (Chinese: 方忠; pinyin: Fāng Zhōng; born July 1970) is a Chinese theoretical physicist and the current director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

## Biography

Fang was born in Wuhan, Hubei province in 1970. He received his bachelor's degree and doctor's degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1991 and 1996, respectively.
After university, he became a visiting scholar at the Industrial Technology Research Institute in Japan and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States. He returned to China in 2003 and became a research follow at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. He served as deputy director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2012, and five years later promoted to the Director position. On November 21, 2017, he was appointed director of the Beijing National Research Center for Condensed Matter Physics.

## Honours and awards

* 2008 Mao Yisheng Youth Science and Technology Award; ICTP Award of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)
* 2010 C. N. YangAward of the Asia Pacific Federation of physical Societies
* 2011 Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS)
* 2012 Asia Achievement Award of the Global Chinese Physics Society
* 2013 Zhou Peiyuan Physics Award
* November 22, 2019 Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
# Pauini

Pauini is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.
The population of Pauini was 19,522 in 2020. Its area is 43,263 square kilometres (16,704 sq mi). The municipality contains the 256,000 hectares (630,000 acres) Purus National Forest, created in 1988. It holds 8% of the 311,000 hectares (770,000 acres) Mapiá-Inauini National Forest, created in 1989. It also contains 8% of the 604,209 hectares (1,493,030 acres) Médio Purus Extractive Reserve, created in 2008.
# Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure

The Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure (officially abbreviated Fed. R. App. P.; colloquially FRAP) are a set of rules, promulgated by the Supreme Court of the United States on recommendation of an advisory committee, to govern procedures in cases in the United States Courts of Appeals.

## Background

The Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure were originally adopted in 1967 and have been amended regularly since then. Prior to 1967, some aspects of appellate procedure were covered in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
In addition to these rules, procedure in the Courts of Appeals is governed by applicable statutes (particularly Title 28 of the United States Code) and by local rules adopted by each individual court. Many of these local rules incorporate Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure by reference.
# Bjarne Kroepelien

Bjarne Kroepelien (born 3 May 1890 in Bergen, died 28 April 1966 in Oslo) was a Norwegian wine merchant who is best known for his large collection of books on the Polynesian Islands. It was this book collection that sparked Thor Heyerdahl's interest in Polynesia and inspired his first theories on the contact between these islands and South America.

## Life and work
### Background

Bjarne Kroepelien was born in Bergen as the eldest of four children to his parents Jacob Valentin Kroepelien (1863–1926) and Dagny Gran (1867–1932). His father was a wine merchant, and Bjarne ended up in the same line of work.
In 1908, he moved to Chicago where he worked in the offices of a railway company. When he returned to Bergen in 1909, he took an office job for a commercial office. His brother, Trygve Gran Kroepelien (1891–1969), had become a rich businessman.

### Polynesia

As a 27-year old, Kroepelien moved in 1917 to Polynesia, where he lived in Tahiti for two years. Here, he married Tuimata, one of the daughters of chief Teriieroo. When Spanish flu came to Tahiti in 1918, and took the lives of a third of the population, Tuimata also died. Kroepelien's efforts in helping the sick earned him the French Legion of Honour. He returned to Norway in 1919 and moved to Oslo. He left a child behind in Tahiti, and his descendants there included the academic and linguist Jean-Claude Teriierooiterai.

### Collection

Kroepelien never returned to Polynesia. He wanted to live in Norway with the memories of his dead wife, and did not want to witness the changes the West had brought to the islands. He began instead to collect books from and about the South Seas, a collection that would eventually grow to around 5,000 books. This collection was left to the University of Oslo and today is located in the Kon-Tiki Museum.
# Neveneffecten (cabaret)

Neveneffecten is a Flemish cabaret quartet formed by Jonas Geirnaert, Lieven Scheire, Koen De Poorter and Jelle De Beule.

## History

Their first TV appearance (in Man bijt hond) consisted of cousins Jonas Geirnaert and Lieven Scheire beating up a big teddybear dressed as giant bunnies and was badly received by the audience. This controversial sketch caused Koen De Poorter to contact the duo, and he soon became a member of Neveneffecten.
In 2003 they won the jury prize at the Groninger Studenten Cabaret Festival and a year later they adopted Jelle De Beule as their fourth member. He had until then been their, allegedly extremely incompetent, stage technician.
By 2004 Neveneffecten were touring Flanders and The Netherlands with their first full theatre show Zinloos Geweldig. However the initial aim was to write sketches for television. They made a first series of the sketch show Neveneffecten for Canvas in 2005. A year later, in 2006, they worked together with comedian Bart De Pauw in Willy's en Marjetten on één, which was their first prime time slot. In 2007 they wrote another 5 episodes for the second season of Neveneffecten.
In 2011 their TV-show Basta caused a lot of controversy. In the first episode, they had fooled the Flemish press for one year with a fake research center Data Driven. In the second episode, the Neveneffecten showed how fraudulent the quiz channels were. In less than 24 hours after the episode, the Flemish television stations ceased the broadcasting of quiz channels because the big controversy that was created by the Neveneffecten.

## Shows

* Rechtstreeks en Integraal (15 min) - 2002
* Coherentie voor Beginners (30 min) - 2003
* Zinloos Geweldig (90 min) - 2004 and resumed in 2007
# Patricia Noxolo

Patricia Noxolo is a British geographer who is a professor at the University of Birmingham. She is the Chair of the Society for Caribbean Studies.

## Early life and education

Noxolo was born in Birmingham. She was an undergraduate student at the University of Manchester, where she studied French studies. She earned her doctorate at Nottingham Trent University, where she studied insecurity in Jamaican dancehall. She was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Birmingham and the University of Leicester.

## Research and career

Noxolo was made a lecturer at the University of Birmingham in 2014. Her research considers postcolonial theories and cultural geography. In particular, she has focussed on British and Caribbean cultural practises. She led the Caribbean In/securities and Creativity (CARISCC) network, which was supported by Leverhulme Trust.
Noxolo was awarded the University of Birmingham teaching award in 2019. She was promoted to Professor in 2022, becoming one of very few Black professors in the United Kingdom.

## Selected publications

* Esson, James; Noxolo, Patricia; Baxter, Richard; Daley, Patricia; Byron, Margaret (2017-08-07). "The 2017 RGS-IBG chair's theme: decolonising geographical knowledges, or reproducing coloniality?". Area. 49 (3): 384–388. doi:10.1111/area.12371. ISSN 0004-0894.
* Noxolo, Patricia (2017-08-07). "Introduction: Decolonising geographical knowledge in a colonised and re-colonising postcolonial world". Area. 49 (3): 317–319. doi:10.1111/area.12370. ISSN 0004-0894.
* Madge, Clare; Raghuram, Parvati; Noxolo, Patricia (2009). "Engaged pedagogy and responsibility: A postcolonial analysis of international students". Geoforum. 40 (1): 34–45. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.01.008. hdl:2381/9577. ISSN 0016-7185.
# Bartholomew of Edessa

Bartholomew of Edessa was a Syrian Christian apologist, and polemical writer. The place of his birth is not known; it was probably Edessa or some neighbouring town, for he was certainly a monk of that city, and in his refutation of Agarenus, he calls himself several times "the monk of Edessa". He is now dated to the thirteenth century.

## Works

There is a work of his written in Greek, which he directed against one Agarenus, a Muslim. The beginning of the refutation is lost; the title as given by Étienne Le Moine is Elenchus et Confutatio Agareni. This work may be read in the Migne collection This treatise, as it now stands, opens with a statement of the objections of Muslims against Christianity, among which are the dogmas of the Trinity, of the Incarnation, and of confession. Bartholomew then gives his answers, and makes many counter-charges against Mohammed and his revelation.
Bartholomew argues that nothing in Mohammed's parentage, education, or life betrays any God-given mission, and concludes that Mohammed was an impostor.
Bartholomew is well acquainted not only with the Christian position he defends, but also with the positions of his adversaries; he knows the customs, practices, and beliefs of the Arabs, and he boasts that he has read all their books.
A second treatise, Contra Muhammedum, is also printed in Migne under the name of Bartholomew of Edessa; but, in spite of the numerous resemblances, explainable otherwise than by identity of authorship, the differences are of such a nature as to make the ascription of it to Bartholomew unjustified. Such are e.g. the names and the number of Mohammed's wives and children; the editor of the Koran; the Nestorian monk who taught Mohammed Christianity, etc.
# Dad's Army (disambiguation)

Dad's Army is a British television sitcom, which ran from 1968 until 1977, about the Home Guard in the Second World War.
Dad's Army may also refer to:
* Dad's Army radio episodes
* Dad's Army (1971 film), a spin-off of the television series
* Dad's Army (2016 film), based on the television series
* Dad's Army (stage show), based on the television series
* The Home Guard (United Kingdom), a defence organisation of the British Army during the Second World War, later portrayed in a TV show called Dad's Army
# Noke Wangnao

Noke Wangnao (1937 – 28 August 2023), also known as Papa Noke, was an Indian politician from Nagaland. He was elected to the Nagaland Legislative Assembly nine times from the Tapi Assembly constituency in 1974, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1989, 2003, 2013, 2018, and 2023. He had served as minister of various departments in the Nagaland Legislative Assembly and also as an advisor for social welfare to the chief minister of Nagaland.

## Death

Wangnao died at Chümoukedima's Christian Institute of Health Sciences and Research on 28 August 2023, at the age of 86.
# Daihinibaenetes arizonensis

Daihinibaenetes arizonensis is a species of insect in the family Rhaphidophoridae known commonly as the Arizona giant sand treader cricket. It is endemic to Arizona in the United States, where it is known only from sand dune habitat near Petrified Forest National Park.
This species is a wingless, cricketlike insect with a large pale brown body with a tan wash on the upper side. One of the few collected specimens measured over 2 centimeters in length. It is a nocturnal species most often seen in spring before most likely die in the summer heat. It jumps well and digs up to 18 inches deep, probably to reach moisture in the sand. It feeds on detritus.