OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# China National Intellectual Property Administration

The China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA; 国家知识产权局) is the patent and trademark office and primary intellectual property regulator of the People's Republic of China.

## Naming

The agency was founded in 1980 as the Patent Office of the People's Republic of China, before changing its name to State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) then to "National Intellectual Property Administration," and, in 2018, to "China National Intellectual Property Administration".$^{:4}$

## History

SIPO established a database of patents granted for traditional Chinese medicine.$^{:214}$
As SIPO, the institution became the world's largest patent office in 2011.$^{:4}$
To streamline the patent application process for patentees filing under both the Chinese and United States systems, SIPO and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) established a Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH) pilot program on December 1, 2011.$^{:141}$
# Ningchengopterus

Ningchengopterus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous period (Aptian stage). Its fossil remains were found in the Yixian Formation of what is now China.
It is known from a juvenile specimen, holotype CYGB-0035, an almost complete articulated skeleton of a hatchling also showing soft parts, such as the flight membrane and pycnofibres, compressed on a plate and counterplate. It was the first small toothed pterodactyloid pterosaur specimen found in China. The type species Ningchengopterus liuae was named and described by Lü Junchang in 2009. The genus name combines a reference to the Ningcheng district in Inner Mongolia with a Latinised Greek pteron, "wing". The specific name honours Ms Liu Jingyi who collected the fossil and donated it to science.
Ningchengopterus was typified by the possession of about fifty teeth, twelve in each upper jaw and thirteen in each lower jaw. The teeth are curved, conical and pointed. The skull has a length of thirty-eight millimetres. The snout is elongated and tapering. The lower jaws show an incipient crest.
The specimen could not be more precisely determined than Pterodactyloidea. It shared the relative proportions of the first and second phalanx of the flight finger with the Ctenochasmatidae, and especially Eosipterus found in the same formation, but showed no further synapomorphies of that group, so that Lü abstained from placing it in that clade.
The teeth suggested that Ningchengopterus was a fish eater. The fully formed flight membrane was seen as confirmation of a hypothesis by Mark Unwin that pterosaurs displayed little parental care, their "babies" being able to fly shortly after hatching.
# Bjørt Samuelsen

Bjørt Samuelsen (2 March 1965) is a Faroese journalist, master in food science (Danish: bromatolog, cand.brom.) and politician (Republic).

## Political career

She was elected for the Løgting at the 2008 Faroese general election and again in 2011. She was not elected at the 2015 elections, but kept her seat in the parliament because Høgni Hoydal was appointed minister of fisheries. Samuelsen was Ministers of Trade and Industry from 4 February until 15 September 2008. She was the first female minister of trade and industry of the Faroe Islands and as of 2019 the only one. Bjørt Samuelsen was named Speaker of the Løgting in December 2022.

### Bill on same sex marriage

On 24 September 2015 Bjørt Samuelsen along with the independent member of the Løgting Sonja Jógvansdóttir, Social Democratic member Kristianna Winther Poulsen and Progress member Hanna Jensen, submitted a same-sex marriage bill to the Parliament Secretariat. The bill entered Parliament on 17 November 2015. If approved, the law would be scheduled to go into effect on 1 July 2016. The first reading took place 24 November 2015. The second reading is expected to take place in the week that starts on 7 March 2016.

### Standing Committees of the Løgting, Nordic Council and Westnordic Council

* 2008–2011 member of Standing Committee on Business
* 2008–2011 member of Standing Committee on Justice
* 2011–2015 vice chairperson for the Standing Committee on Business
* 2011–2015 member of the Standing Committee on Welfare
* 2011–2015 vice member of Standing Committee on Foreign affairs
* 2011–2015 vice member of Nordic Council
* 2015–2019 member of the Committee of Foreign Affairs
* 2015–2019 member of West Nordic Council
* 2015–2019 member of the Committee of Industry, Fisheries, Aqua- and Agriculture
* 2015–2019 vice member of the Committee of Finance
* 2015–2019 vice member of the Social - and Health Committee
* 2017–2019 Chairman of the Committee of Industry, Fisheries, Aqua- and Agriculture
# Brisworthy stone circle

Brisworthy stone circle (grid reference SX564654) is a stone circle on Dartmoor, Devon. It is located three miles east of the A386, northeast of the village of Shaugh Prior. It is three hundred metres from Ringmoor stone row and cairn circle, and is one of the archaeological sites found in the Upper Plym Valley.

## Description

The stone circle is a slight oval shape with a diameter of around 24 metres. It consists of 24 upright stones which are probably only half the original number. The stones are broad rather than tall, and are less than 1 metre tall.
Prior to 1909 most of the stones had fallen. It was restored in that year, and a trial excavation is said to have yielded a small amount of charcoal and one rough flint flake.
# Cairo Foreign Press Association

The Cairo Foreign Press Association is an organization of journalists representing non-Egyptian media in Egypt, founded in January 1977. The FPA has hundreds of members, both Egyptians working for non-Egyptian media and non-Egyptians. The FPA was founded to serve the interests of all its members in carrying out their professional requirements as foreign media correspondents in Egypt through the maintenance of communications with the competent Egyptian authorities, press conferences and trips and other activities. Volkhard Windfuhr was the head of the FPA from 1994 til 2020.
# Fred Robarts

Freddie Robarts is a Fijian former professional rugby league footballer who represented Fiji in the 2000 World Cup.

## Playing career

A Bay Roskill Vikings junior, Robarts played for the Te Atatu Roosters in the Auckland Rugby League competition. In 1992 he represented an Auckland-based Pacific XIII that beat the New Zealand Māori rugby league team 46–42.
Along with his brother Phil, played for the Waitakere City Raiders in the Lion Red Cup between 1994 and 1995.
He won the ARL's best and fairest award in 1998 and 1999 representing Te Atatu Roosters, becoming the only player ever to win the award in back to back seasons. He also won the Lipscombe Cup for sportsman of the year in 1999. Robarts also played for Auckland.
In 2000 Robarts represented Fiji at the Millennium World Cup, playing in all three of Fiji's matches.
# Blenkiron

Blenkiron is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfred Blenkiron (1896–1920), British World War I flying ace
* Florence Blenkiron (1904–1991), British motorcycle racer
* John S. Blenkiron, fictional character
* William Blenkiron (c. 1807–1871), English racehorse breeder
# Cascada (disambiguation)

Cascada is a musical group.
Cascada may also refer to:
* Opel Cascada, a car model
* Big Creek, California, previously called "Cascada"
* Cascada de Texolo, a waterfall located in Veracruz, Mexico
* Las Cascadas Water Park, in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
* Las Cascadas, Chile, a lakeshore town in southern Chile
# Bloom (phase)

In polymer chemistry, materials science, and food science, bloom refers to the migration of one component of a solid mixture to the surface of an article. The process is an example of phase separation or phase aggregation.

## Materials science

Blooming is commonly encountered in polymer additives such as stabilizers. Many polymers are essentially pure hydrocarbons whereas additives are often significantly more polar, this results their being forced out via hydrophobic forces. The blooming of additives may be desirable or undesirable. For example, the migration of antioxidants to the polymer surface may help it resist degradation. Conversely, the leaching of additives from packaging materials into foods, or the blooming of additives in biomedical devices is often of high concern. Regulations exist in many counties that require both the levels of blooming and the materials involved to be of a safe level, for example the international symbol for materials approved for food contact is a wine glass and a fork symbol.

### Sulfur bloom

Sulfur bloom refers to the migration of sulfur, usually as S$_8$, to the surface of a rubber article either before or after vulcanization. Blooming is undesirable in rubber processing. When sulfur bloom appears before vulcanization, the rubber is deprived of the crosslinking agent. Sulfur bloom after vulcanization indicates incomplete vulcanization. To prevent sulfur blooming, rubber industry utilizes amorphous, polymeric forms of sulfur referred to as "insoluble sulfur" for sulfur vulcanisation. It remains insoluble in uncured rubber, thereby preventing migration and blooming. In rubber processing, ingredients other than sulfur can also "bloom", including antioxidants, fatty acids, and accelerators.

## Food science
### Chocolate bloom

Chocolate bloom refers two types of whitish coating that can appear on the surface of chocolate: fat bloom, caused by changes in the fat crystals in the chocolate; and sugar bloom, due to crystals formed by the action of moisture on the sugar. Chocolate that has "bloomed" remains edible but may have an unappetizing appearance and texture.
# Deformation bands

Deformation bands are small faults with very small displacements. In the past, these bands have been called Luder's bands or braided shear fractures. They often precede large faults. They develop in porous rocks, such as sandstone. Material in a deformation band has a much smaller grain size, poorer sorting, and a lower porosity than the original sandstone. They can restrict and/or change the flow of fluids like water and oil. They are common in the Colorado Plateau, where examples occur in the Entrada Sandstone in the San Rafael Swell in Utah.
Deformation bands are present in a variety of porous rock types such as sandstones, limestones, siltstones, poorly welded volcanic tuffs, and breccias. The cataclastic and compactional bands often form seals and prevent the flow of groundwater or oil. In their formation grains shift their packing and are crushed.
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter showed deformation bands in Capen Crater, located in the Arabia quadrangle. The bands represent failure by localized frictional sliding.
# Casal Català de Brussel·les

Casal Català de Brussel·les (equivalent in English as "Catalan House in Brussels" or "Catalan Home of Brussels") is a nonprofit social organization of Belgium. It belongs to the worldwide network of Catalan Casals and seeks to build cohesion of Catalan citizens and Catalan speakers that live in this European state, as well as to promote the social and cultural reality of Catalonia. It was founded in 1930 and given its location in Brussels, the European capital of politics, it also aims to defend Catalan identity and to project Catalan culture internationally.

## History and activities

The Casal Català de Brussel·les was founded in Brussels on 6 December 1930 by a group of Catalan exiled politicians. They were headed by what would later become the President of the Government of Catalonia, Francesc Macià i Llussà, and the writer and politician Bonaventura Gassol i Rovira, after the plot of Prats de Molló in 1926 that aimed to declare Catalonia's independence. From Brussels, Macià i Llussà continued his political task of opposing the Spanish dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, until, in February 1931, the government authorized his return to Catalonia.
The Casal's magazine along the 1930s was one of the first Catalan-language publications in Belgium and in its beginnings it conducted folkloric outreach activities such as sardanes and cobla performances. In the following years, the Casal acted as a driving force to unite several Catalan politicians, artists and civilians who had to fled from Catalonia due to the repression of the Francoist Spanish dictatorship. Later on, some of them arrived to Belgium in the search for employment opportunities following Spain's entrance to the European Economic Community. Regarding language revitalization, at the beginning of the 1987–1988 academic course it began to offer teaching courses in Catalan to primary and secondary school children.
Since the 21st century, it has also become the historical organization responsible for dressing the Manneken Pis as a Catalan shepherd and wearing a traditional barretina on the occasion of the National Day of Catalonia. At the end of the 2010s, the activity of the entity was distributed in about fifteen annual activities and hosted a supporting group of FC Barcelona (Penya Blaugrana), a kindergarten, informal afterwork drinking sessions, a choir and Catalan and Aranese learning courses.
# Blla Blla Blla

Blla Blla Blla is an Albanian-Macedonian rock band from Skopje. It was formed in 1988 by then band members Idriz Ameti, Ermal Skupi (Mehmeti), Nikola Bočvarov and Blagojče Penov. Later, Ermal (who played the violin) left the band and was replaced by Krenar Ismaili (vocal and violin). Idriz Ameti is the singer. Most of the songs are in Albanian. Their style is called “Over Sky Ballkanishe Re-form” by the band itself, though there is no general consensus in categorising their characteristic rock. Other styles or genres used are Balkan-rock and punk.
Their first album was released in May 2000 called Blla Blla Blla. "At that time we possessed a minimalist – original approach to music that brought refreshment to these Balkan spaces" the band were quoted as saying about their first album on their official MySpace page. Their second album, called Over Sky Ballkanishe Re-form, was released in 2005. Their music is considered influential beyond Macedonian borders. The band is one of the participants in the Balkan Streets series of South-eastern Europe music festivals featuring popular local groups in multicultural venues. They were among the artistes appearing at the first festival in Kumanovo, Macedonia, in 2009 and also featured on the 2011 Balkan Streets programme.

## Discography

* Underground Macedonia split with No Name Nation (2000, Blla Blla Blla tracks recorded in 1990)
* Blla Blla Blla (2000)
* Oversky Ballkanishe Re-form (2005)
* Lamtumirë (2011)
* Brum për medioferr (2017)
# Blo (band)

Blo was a Nigerian psychedelic funk ensemble formed in Lagos and active between 1972 and 1982. The main trio consisted of Laolu "Akins" Akintobi (drums), Berkely "Ike" Jones (guitar), and Mike "Gbenga" Odumosu (bass). The group fused the Afrobeat rhythms of Nigeria with funk and psychedelia derived from '60s Western rock music.

## History

The roots of Blo lay in the successful mid-60s highlife group the Clusters, who also performed as a backing band for the Sierra Leonean pop star Geraldo Pino. In 1970, the trio of Akintobi, Jones, and Odumosu left the group to form Afrocollection with sisters Kehinde and Taiwo Lijadu, exploring a more Afro-rock approach. They collaborated on the jazz-rock project Salt with British drummer Ginger Baker of Cream in 1971.
In late 1972, Akintobi, Jones, Odumosu formed Blo (standing for their names Berkeley, Laolu & Odumosu) and toured prior to recording their debut album Chapter One for the EMI Nigeria label. The album drew equally on the Afrobeat of Fela Kuti and Tony Allen as well as psychedelic rock from America. For their second album, the group signed to Afrodisia and moved further into funk and R&B territory. Commercial pressure forced the group to move toward more popular styles such as disco on their later recordings. They disbanded in 1982.
In 2009, the label Strut reissued many of their recordings on the retrospective Phases 1972–1982.

## Legacy

OkayAfrica stated that the group is "considered by many to be the first psych-rock band to emerge from the continent" and credited them with developing "a pioneering fusion in afro-psychedelic funk." FT called the group's debut "Nigeria's first psychedelic rock record," describing it as "a hypnotic brew of Hendrix-esque guitar noodling, Funkadelic-style rhythms and African-accented rock-outs." AllMusic credited the band with developing "a wholly original sound embracing the full spectrum of black music."

## Discography

* Chapter One (1973)
* Phase II (1974)
* Step Three (1975)
* Phase IV (1977)
* Bulky Backside (1979)
# Bleu de France

Bleu de France stands for
* Bleu de France (colour)
* MS Bleu de France, a cruise ship
# Fred Rochelle

Fred Rochelle (c. 1885 – May 29, 1901) was an African-American teenager from Bartow, Florida, who was lynched and burned to death on May 29, 1901, following the alleged rape and murder of a white woman, Rena Smith Taggart, the previous day. He was said to have been seen near where Taggart's body was found. Newspapers misreported the 16-year-old boy as "35 years of age". A mob of over 100 men as well as bloodhounds from Mulberry and Pebble was assembled to search for him but a local paper mentioned a possible lynching before any evidence was recovered or he was charged.
Rochelle was captured two days later by two black men, who evaded the mob and turned Rochelle over to the Sheriff of Polk County in Lakeland, Florida. Ten minutes later, Rochelle was turned over to a mob. The mob took Rochelle back to Bartow. A special train was arranged from Lakeland so that a large crowd of spectators could attend a "barbecue" in Bartow where Rochelle was to be the "chief actor." He was taken to the site of the Taggart murder, where he was chained to a barrel and doused with quantities of kerosene. At 6:00 p.m. the match was struck. He was burned alive for 15 minutes, and the crowd dispersed by 8:30 that evening.

## Legacy

Ossian Sweet, an African-American doctor in Detroit who was tried for defending his house from a mob in 1925, testified at his trial that he had witnessed Rochelle being lynched as a five-year-old child in Bartow.
# Bledisloe Tump

Bledisloe Tump was a castle in the village of Awre in Gloucestershire, England.

## History

The first castle on the site was built in the 11th or early 12th century and was a simple timber structure. The site was chosen because it occupied a natural high point overlooking the River Severn. A later mound, 60 ft wide and 7 ft high was also constructed on the site, and it is suspected that this may have been an unfinished motte. It is possible that this was built during the period of the Anarchy in the 12th century, and one theory is that the castle was destroyed by Henry II after the conflict as part of a wider programme of castle denigration in Gloucestershire during the 1150s.
The site was later used for meetings of the local Hundred of Bledisloe, and another theory for the creation of the mound is that it was specifically made to support these meetings. A manor house, Bledisloe Manor, was later built on the site, and the remaining earthworks were destroyed during the 1970s.
# Deltophora angulella

Deltophora angulella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Kenya.
The length of the forewings is about 7 mm. The forewings are grey-brown with dark brown markings. Adults have been recorded on wing from September to October.
# Deltoid

Deltoid (delta-shaped) can refer to:
* The deltoid muscle, a muscle in the shoulder
* Kite (geometry), also known as a deltoid, a type of quadrilateral
* A deltoid curve, a three-cusped hypocycloid
* A leaf shape
* The deltoid tuberosity, a part of the humerus
* The deltoid ligament, a ligament in the ankle
# Blind Ambition (2022 film)

Blind Ambition is a 2022 documentary based on the lives of four people from Zimbabwe that take part in the World Blind Wine Tasting Championships in France.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 100% based on 32 reviews.
Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian wrote that "It’s impossible not to smile along with this feelgood documentary about four Zimbabwean refugees in South Africa who got jobs in restaurants, discovered in themselves a brilliant talent for wine-tasting and in 2017 were brought together as the exiled team Zimbabwe for the World Blind Wine Tasting Championships in France". A critic from Daily Express wrote that "The subject matter initially suggests a kind of Cool Runnings with plonk - but Blind Ambition soon builds into a full-bodied feel-good film".
Except a mixed review at Roger Moore's Movie Nation and another at the BFI website, other reviews were generally also very positive.
# Blind Bay, British Columbia

Blind Bay is an unincorporated settlement located on the bay of the same name, at the southwest end of Shuswap Lake in the Shuswap region of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada.
Part of Blind Bay is a golf course community with numerous other recreation activities including a grass air strip, tennis, pickleball, hiking, and model airplane flying.
At the 2021 census, the population of Blind Bay was 2,369.
# Oregon Ballot Measure 60

Oregon Ballot Measure 60 may refer to:
* Oregon Ballot Measure 60 (1998), measure that made Oregon the first state in the United States to conduct its elections exclusively by mail
* Oregon Ballot Measure 60 (2008), measure to create a new Oregon state statute mandating that only undefined "classroom performance" would determine teachers' pay raises
# Oregon Bill of 1848

The Oregon Bill of 1848, officially titled when approved, "An Act to Establish the Territorial Government of Oregon," was an act of Congress to turn Oregon into an official U.S. Territory. The bill was passed on August 14, 1848. It was enacted by the 30th United States Congress, and signed by President James K. Polk. The bill came into question several years after the Oregon Treaty. For two years following that treaty, the United States paid little attention to it until news of the Whitman massacre reached Congress. This provided the impetus to formally establish the Territorial Government of Oregon. The Act created a territory that encompassed present-day Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; as well as parts of Montana and Wyoming.
The original version of the bill, with an amendment to prohibit slavery, was approved by the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 140–59 on February 3, 1845.