OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Earl of Feversham

Earl of Feversham is a title that has been created three times (the second time as Countess of Feversham), once in the Peerage of England, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. All three creations are now extinct.
The first creation came in the Peerage of England in 1676 when Sir George Sondes was made Viscount Sondes and Earl of Feversham. Sondes had already been created Baron Throwley in 1676. The second Earl had already been created Baron Duras in the Peerage of England in 1673 by the time he succeeded to the earldom in 1677. However, all the titles became extinct on his death in 1709.
The second creation came in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1719, when Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Munster was made Countess of Feversham. She was created Baroness Glastonbury and Duchess of Kendal at the same time. The titles were for life only and became extinct on her death in 1743.
The third creation came in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1868 when William Ernest Duncombe, 3rd Baron Feversham, was made Viscount Helmsley, of Helmsley in the North Riding of the County of York, and Earl of Feversham, of Ryedale in the North Riding of the County of York. For more information on this creation, see the Baron Feversham.

## Earls of Feversham, First Creation (1676)

* George Sondes, 1st Earl of Feversham (1600–1677)
* Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham (1641–1709)

## Countesses of Feversham, Second Creation (1719)

* Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Munster and Kendal, Countess of Feversham (1667–1743)

## Earls of Feversham, Third Creation (1868)

* see the Baron Feversham
# Open water swimming at the 2022 European Aquatics Championships – Team

The mixed team competition of the 2022 European Aquatics Championships was held on 21 August.

## Results

The race was started at 16:00.
| Rank | Nation | Swimmers | Time |
| | Italy | Rachele Bruni Ginevra Taddeucci Gregorio Paltrinieri Domenico Acerenza | 59:43.1 |
| | Hungary | Réka Rohács Anna Olasz Dávid Betlehem Kristóf Rasovszky | 59:53.9 |
| | France | Madelon Catteau Aurélie Muller Axel Reymond Logan Fontaine | 1:00:08.3 |
| 4 | Spain | María de Valdés Ángela Martínez Carlos Garach Guillem Pujol Belmont | 1:00:24.6 |
| 5 | Germany | Lea Boy Leonie Beck Linus Schwedler Oliver Klemet | 1:00:43.8 |
# Open interest (futures)

Open interest (futures) is the number of "open" contracts or open interest of derivatives in the futures market. Open interest in a derivative is the sum of all contracts that have not expired, been exercised or physically delivered. Moreover, the open interest is the number of long positions or, equivalently, the number of short positions.
Open interest is used as a technical indicator as it is a measure of market activity. Little or no open interest means there is no one opening positions, or nearly all the positions have been closed. High open interest means there are many contracts still open and means that new or additional money coming into the market.
# Open learning

Open learning is an innovative movement in education that emerged in the 1970s and evolved into fields of practice and study. The term refers generally to activities that either enhance learning opportunities within formal education systems or broaden learning opportunities beyond formal education systems. Open learning involves but is not limited to: classroom teaching methods, approaches to interactive learning, formats in work-related education and training, the cultures and ecologies of learning communities, and the development and use of open educational resources. While there is no agreed-upon, comprehensive definition of open learning, central focus is commonly placed on the "needs of the learner as perceived by the learner." Case studies illustrate open learning as an innovation both within and across academic disciplines, professions, social sectors and national boundaries, and in business and industry, higher education institutions, collaborative initiatives between institutions, and schooling for young learners.

## Inception

Open learning as a teaching method is founded on the work of Célestin Freinet in France and Maria Montessori in Italy, among others. Open learning is supposed to allow pupils self-determined, independent and interest-guided learning. A prominent example is the language experience approach to teaching initial literacy (cf. Brügelmann/ Brinkmann 2011). More recent work on open learning has been conducted by the German pedagogues Hans Brügelmann (1975; 1999), Falko Peschel (2002), Jörg Ramseger (1977) and Wulf Wallrabenstein (1991). The approach is supposed to face up to three challenges (cf. in more detail Brügelmann/ Brinkmann 2008, chap. 1):
* the vast differences in experiences, interests, and competencies between children of the same age;
* the constructivist nature of learning demanding active problem-solving by the learner him- and herself;
* the legal requirement of student participation in decisions stipulated by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). of 1989.

## Current uses of the term

The term "open learning" also refers to open and free sharing of educational materials.
# Egawa Tomekichi

Egawa Tomekichi (fl. c. 1830–1850) was a master carver of Japanese woodblock prints in Edo period Japan.
He is known for his exceptional work on Hokusai's illustrated books (e-hon) such as the Hokusai Manga and his 100 Views of Mount Fuji which is considered a masterpiece of the artform.
Hokusai had studied carving as an apprentice and as an exceptional draughtsman, he relied on the woodblock carver to accurately replicate the quality of his line when it came to printing. In an 1835 letter sent to various publishers, he complained about the standard of cutting in earlier editions of his Manga, Musha-e zukushi, and other books, and urged repeatedly that they employ Egawa Tomechiki of Asakusa in future. Egawa is credited in the twelfth volume of the Manga published in 1834, and Hokusai praised his work on his recently issued 100 Views of Mount Fuji, writing that: "From the first to the third volume, I found not a single corner of the carving that left me dissatisfied. For this reason, if Egawa were to take care of the carving I should also be more motivated and could concentrate better on my own work ... My one concern is to produce a well-made book."
Previous editions of Hokusai Manga had been well carved but the quality was uneven and varied between work done by the master carver (kashirabori) and that of his assistants (dobori). The 100 Views of Mount Fuji, however, is faultless in execution and is regarded as a masterwork of the genre. Judging from names in the first volume of 100 Views, Egawa ran a workshop of six craftsmen: "Esen", "Bairin", "Wasuke", "Yoshitora", "Hisayuki", and "Yonekichi". Egawa supervised the first two volumes as confirmed by the colophon, but may have appointed Egawa Sentaro ("Esen") to oversee the third.
Of note in Hokusai's 1835 letter is that in return for securing Egawa, he would not take a portion of the woodblock carving fee, which suggests that it was normal practice for an artist to demand a share of the carvers' commission in return for supplying them with work.
# Cnidoscolus stimulosus

Cnidoscolus stimulosus, the bull nettle, spurge nettle, stinging nettle, tread-softly or finger rot, is a perennial herb covered with stinging hairs, native to southeastern North America. A member of the family Euphorbiaceae (spurge family), it is not a true nettle. It prefers sandy, well-drained soil and mostly exists in pine/blackjack oak forests on sandhills, rims of Carolina bays, dunes, dry pastures, fields and roadsides.

## Description

The green leaves of this plant are alternate, consisting of three to five untoothed lobes. The large, white flowers have five petals. Male and female flowers are on different plants. Flowers occur throughout the spring and summer followed by a small capsule that produces three large seeds. The entire plant above ground, including the flower petals, is covered with stinging hairs. The tap root can be used as an excellent potato substitute, tasting like pasta.
As the common names imply, the urticating hairs on this plant contain a caustic irritant that inflicts a painful sting to those who contact it with bare skin. It can cause a painful, irritating rash and can cause more serious reactions with some people.

## Etymology and names

The species name stimulosus comes from the Latin stimulus, meaning "goad" or "prod". This plant is also known as bull nettle and mala mujer (Spanish for "bad woman" or witch), though the latter name is applied to several other plants with similar properties.
# Athletics at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 400 metres

The women's 400 metres competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea was held on 8–10 October at the Busan Asiad Main Stadium.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 8 October 2002 | 10:30 | 1st round |
| Thursday, 10 October 2002 | 15:30 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Marita Koch (GDR) | 47.60 | Canberra, Australia | 6 October 1985 |
| Asian Record | Ma Yuqin (CHN) | 49.81 | Beijing, China | 11 September 1993 |
| Games Record | Ma Yuqin (CHN) | 51.17 | Hiroshima, Japan | 14 October 1994 |

## Results
### Legend

* DNF — Did not finish
* DNS — Did not start

### 1st round

* Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advance to the final.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Chen Yuxiang (CHN) | 53.84 | Q |
| 2 | Jincy Phillip (IND) | 53.88 | Q |
| 3 | Alýona Petrowa (TKM) | 54.09 | Q |
| 4 | Tatyana Roslanova (KAZ) | 54.60 | q |
| 5 | Mayu Kida (JPN) | 54.71 | q |
| 6 | Kim Dong-hyun (KOR) | 55.73 | |
| 7 | Saowalee Kaewchuay (THA) | 56.16 | |
| 8 | Gretta Taslakian (LIB) | 56.43 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Damayanthi Dharsha (SRI) | 52.25 | Q |
| 2 | Svetlana Bodritskaya (KAZ) | 52.95 | Q |
| 3 | K. M. Beenamol (IND) | 53.21 | Q |
| 4 | Kazue Kakinuma (JPN) | 55.35 | |
| 5 | Hou Jingmei (CHN) | 55.92 | |
| 6 | Park Jong-kyong (KOR) | 57.47 | |
| 7 | Saipin Kaewsorn (THA) | 58.00 | |
| — | Nguyễn Bích Vân (VIE) | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Damayanthi Dharsha (SRI) | 51.13 | GR |
| | K. M. Beenamol (IND) | 52.04 | |
| | Svetlana Bodritskaya (KAZ) | 52.10 | |
| 4 | Jincy Phillip (IND) | 53.13 | |
| 5 | Chen Yuxiang (CHN) | 54.11 | |
| 6 | Mayu Kida (JPN) | 54.13 | |
| 7 | Tatyana Roslanova (KAZ) | 54.44 | |
| — | Alýona Petrowa (TKM) | DNF | |
# Narahara

Narahara may refer to:
* Narahara (surname), a Japanese surname
* Mount Narahara, a mountain of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
* Narahara Station, a railway station in Mimasaka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
* 15716 Narahara, a main-belt asteroid
# Archibald Lucas-Tooth

Sir Archibald Leonard Lucas Lucas-Tooth, 2nd Baronet (3 June 1884 – 12 July 1918) was a baronet of the United Kingdom, who died of illness towards the end of World War I.
Archibald was born in Darling Point, Sydney, on 3 June 1884 to Sir Robert Lucas-Tooth, 1st Baronet and Helen Tooth, the youngest of three sons, and had four sisters. Brothers Captain Selwyn Lucas Lucas-Tooth (born 19 March 1879, Sydney), 3rd Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers, was killed in action at Ypres on 20 October 1914; and Captain Douglas Keith Lucas-Tooth (born October 1882, Sydney), 9th Queen's Royal Lancers, died in action in the Battle of Aisne on 14 September 1914.
Lucas-Tooth married Rosa Mary Bovill on 4 January 1916, at the Holy Trinity church, Brompton Road, London. She was the daughter of Charles Arthur Bovill and Penelope Magdalen Sclater-Booth. They had two children: Rosemarie Helen Lucas-Tooth (1916-?); and Christine Leonard Lucas-Tooth (1918-?).
On the death of his father on 19 February 1915, he succeeded to the title of 2nd Baronet Lucas-Tooth, of Queen's Gate, Kensington and Kameruka, New South Wales and to the family estate at Holme Lacy. The baronetcy had only been created in 1907.
While during duty in London, when war was declared in 1914, Lucas-Tooth joined the army. Having previously held a commission in the service of the Honourable Artillery Company, he rejoined the company which was almost immediately called to active service. After a long period of training, and coastal defence duty on an east coast of Scotland, the regiment returned to Salisbury Plains. On 20 June 1916 he went to France with the battalion. He rose to the rank of major, and died on active service of pneumonia on 12 July 1918 at the age of 34.
As neither he nor his brothers left any male heirs the title therefore expired with him.
Lady Rosa remarried in 1923 and Holme Lacy was sold.
# Never Give Up

Never Give Up may refer to:

## Film and television

* Never Give Up (1934 film), a Chinese film of the 1930s
* Never Give Up (1978 film), a Japanese film
* Never Give Up: The 20th Century Odyssey of Herbert Zipper, a 1995 documentary film
* Vai na Fé, a 2023 Brazilian telenovela, also titled Never Give Up

## Songs

* "Never Give Up" (Sia song), 2016
* "Never Give Up" (Maria Sur song), 2023
* "Never Give Up (Party Party)", by Paul Haig, 1983
* "Never Give Up", by A. R. Rahman from the Million Dollar Arm film soundtrack, 2014
* "Never Give Up", by Barbra Streisand from Guilty, 1980
* "Never Give Up", by Fantastic Negrito from Please Don't Be Dead, 2018
* "Never Give Up", by Jodi Benson and Samuel E. Wright from the TV series The Little Mermaid, 1993
* "Never Give Up", by Keke Wyatt from Who Knew?, 2010
* "Never Give Up", by New Found Glory from Sticks and Stones, 2002
* "Never Give Up", by Rage from Gib dich nie auf, 2009
* "Never Give Up", by Yolanda Adams from Believe, 2001

## Other uses

* Never Give Up (video game), a 2019 2D platform game
* Never Give Up!, a 1999 Japanese comic for girls by Hiromu Mutou
* Never Give Up: My Stroke, My Recovery, and My Return to the NFL, a 2007 book by Tedy Bruschi
* Never Give Up: How I Turned My Biggest Challenges into Success, a 2008 book by Donald Trump
# Open water swimming at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 5 km

The Women's 5 km competition at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships was held on 13 June.

## Results

The race was started at 12:00.
| Rank | Swimmer | Nationality | Time |
| | Leonie Beck | Germany | 58:25.3 |
| | Ginevra Taddeucci | Italy | 58:26.5 |
| | Bettina Fábián | Hungary | 58:28.7 |
| 4 | María de Valdés | Spain | 58:29.0 |
| 5 | Lisa Pou | Monaco | 58:31.3 |
| 6 | Ángela Martínez | Spain | 58:34.7 |
| 7 | Celine Rieder | Germany | 58:38.6 |
| 8 | Mira Szimcsák | Hungary | 58:39.9 |
| 9 | Caroline Jouisse | France | 58:40.2 |
| 10 | Eva Fabian | Israel | 58:42.2 |
| 11 | Rachele Bruni | Italy | 58:55.0 |
| 12 | Jeannette Spiwoks | Germany | 58:56.5 |
| 13 | Špela Perše | Slovenia | 58:58.5 |
| 14 | Klaudia Tarasiewicz | Poland | 59:29.3 |
| 15 | Julie Pleskotová | Czech Republic | 59:33.9 |
| 16 | Mafalda Rosa | Portugal | 1:00:32.8 |
| 17 | Océane Cassignol | France | 1:01:04.5 |
| 18 | Maša Cvetković | Serbia | 1:06:06.3 |
| 19 | Natália Špániková | Slovakia | 1:06:17.8 |
| | Anna Olasz | Hungary | DNS |
# Operating room management

Operating room management is the science of how to run an operating room suite. Operational operating room management focuses on maximizing operational efficiency at the facility, i.e. maximizing the number of surgical cases that can be carried out on a given day while minimizing the required resources and related costs. This may include establishing the number of anaesthetists or scrub nurses required to accommodate the expected workload, or minimizing the cost of drugs used in the Operating Room. Strategic operating room management deals with long-term decision-making.
# Operating signals

Operating signals are a type of brevity code used in operational communication among radio and telegraph operators. For example:
* Prosigns for Morse code
* 92 Code: telegraph brevity codes
* Q code: initially developed for commercial radiotelegraph communication and adopted by other radio services
* QN Signals: published by the ARRL and used in Amateur radio
* R and S brevity codes: published by the British Post Office in 1908 for coastal wireless stations and ships, superseded in 1912 by Q codes
* X code: used by European military services in wireless telegraphy
* Z code: used in early radiotelegraph communication
# EEF1B2P2

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2 (eEF1B3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF1B2P2 gene.
# Open supported learning

Open supported learning is the teaching method employed and pioneered by The Open University (OU), and is not the same as distance education or correspondence courses.
The term open refers to the open-door academic policy of OU, and the term supported refers to the fact that the students receive constant academic attention by academic staff and tutors.
* This article relating to education in the UK is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Opostega stekolnikovi

Opostega stekolnikovi is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Koslov in 1985. It is known from the former Soviet Union.
# Opostega scoliozona

Opostega scoliozona is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1915. It is known from Queensland, Australia.
# Opostega radiosa

Opostega radiosa is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is known from the area of the former Transvaal Province, South Africa.
# Vieil-Moutier

Vieil-Moutier is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

Vieil-Moutier is situated some 14 miles (23 km) east of Boulogne, at the junction of the D204 and D204e roads..

## Places of interest

* The church of St.Omer, dating from the seventeenth century.
* An ancient farmhouse.
# Oph 162225-240515

Oph 162225-240515, often abbreviated Oph 1622, and also known as Oph 11, is a pair of brown dwarfs that have been reported as orbiting each other. The bodies are located in the constellation Scorpius and are about 400 light years away. Mass estimates of the two objects are uncertain, but they are probably each higher than the brown-dwarf/planet dividing line of 13 Jupiter masses. Oph1622B is located 1.94 arcseconds from Oph1622A, at a position angle of 182°.
The discovery of the pair was announced in a 2006 Science article by Ray Jayawardhana and Valentin D. Ivanov . The objects were discovered using telescopes of the European Southern Observatory's New Technology Telescope in La Silla, Chile. The masses were originally reported to be lower, at 14 and 7 Jupiter masses, which would have made the smaller object a planetary-mass object, or planemo. The system was announced as the first reported binary system of objects this small. However, later observations and calculations have revised the masses upward. Close et al. estimate the mass of the primary, designated Oph1622A as 12–21 times that of Jupiter and 9–20 Jupiter masses for the less massive Oph1622B, while Luhman et al. assign values of 57 and 20 Jupiter masses. Despite the acronym "Oph" appearing in its name (implying that it may belong to the young Ophiuchus molecular cloud), Oph1622 is likely to be older than its originally adopted age of 1 million years. More likely, it is a member of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Scorpius–Centaurus association, which has an age of 11 million years. For an adopted age of 11 million years, the system has inferred masses of 53 and 21 Jupiter masses, similar to that derived by Luhman et al.
The distance between the two is approximately 240 AU—a distance so great that Space.com wrote that "their connection is so tenuous ... that a passing star or brown dwarf could permanently separate the two objects." As such, the discovery was reported as casting doubt on the theory that such free-floating planet-like objects have been ejected from a stellar system, such an event being too violent to leave them in such a wide orbit around each other. Given their wide separation and high masses, the system is best thought of as a wide brown dwarf binary rather than a binary planetary system.
The Oph 162225-240515 system :
| Companion | Mass | Observed separation (AU) |
| B | 21±3 M$_J$ | ~280 |
# Early Autumn (Parker novel)

Early Autumn is a Spenser novel by Robert B. Parker. Spenser is hired to protect a boy, Paul Giacomin, from being kidnapped in a custody quarrel. He ends up taking care of the boy, who is socially immature, having been ignored by his parents, only used as a pawn in their quarrelling. Spenser takes him in and helps him mature through learning to box, exercising, weight-lifting and building a cottage. At the same time, with the help of Hawk, he collects enough information about the parents that they leave the boy alone and let Spenser unofficially adopt him. Kirkus Reviews called the book "disappointing for mystery lovers", but "nice enough ... for those tolerant of Parker's particular brand of tough-guy treacle".
# ESO 198-13

ESO 198-13 is a ring galaxy with multiple ring-like structures located about 240 million light-years away in the constellation Eridanus.

## Physical characteristics

This galaxy has three ring structures. There is a small bright inner ring located close to the nucleus. This feature has been interpreted as a nuclear ring due to being similar to the nuclear rings in a barred spiral galaxy (e.g. NGC 1512, NGC 4314). Also this ring has a diameter of 15,527.12 light-years (4.76 kpc) which is larger than the average diameter of a nuclear ring (4,893 light-years/1.5 kpc). Surrounding the nuclear ring, a flocculent inner ring with a diameter of 54,801.6 light-years (16.8 kpc) can be found. It appears to be made of a very tightly wound spiral arm. It also could be a superposition of two rings offset from each other. Outside of the flocculent inner ring, there is a very large and faint outer ring with a diameter of 162,773.8 light-years (49.9 kpc).
# Earthling in the City

Earthling in the City is a 6-track promotional CD by David Bowie that was distributed by the American GQ magazine with their November 1997 issue. The disc is largely made up of live performances and remixes of songs drawn from Bowie's albums Black Tie White Noise, Outside, and Earthling.

## Background

Distributed solely with an issue of GQ in late 1997, the EP includes two exclusive live tracks from Bowie's 50th birthday party concert in January that year; the rest of the tracks had been released with other singles over the previous year.

## Track listing

* "Little Wonder" (Recorded live in New York City, 9 January 1997) – 3:44
* "Seven Years in Tibet (Edit)" – 3:59
* "Pallas Athena" (Recorded live in Amsterdam, 10 June 1997) – 8:28
* "The Hearts Filthy Lesson" (Recorded live in New York City, 9 January 1997) – 5:03
* "Telling Lies (Paradox Mix by A Guy Called Gerald)" – 5:12
* "Seven Years in Tibet (Mandarin Version)" – 3:58