OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# E. Krishna Iyer

E. Krishna Iyer (9 August 1897 – January 1968) was an Indian lawyer, freedom-fighter, classical artist and activist. He was the follower of traditional Isaivellalar practitioners of Sadir, also known as Bharatanatyam.

## Early life

Krishna Iyer was born on 9 August 1897 in a Tamil Brahmin family of Kallidaikurichi, Madras Presidency. He had his schooling at Ambasamudram High School and graduated from Madras Christian College. On graduating, he studied law at Madras Law College and practised as a lawyer at the Madras High Court till 1943.
Krishna Iyer joined the Indian independence movement and was an active member of the Indian National Congress in the 1930s. He strived to popularize the songs of Indian nationalist Subrahmanya Bharathy.

## Association with art

On completion of his graduation, he entered a drama troupe in which he enacted female parts. He developed an avid interest in classical arts and also studied carnatic music during this time.

## The Bharatanatyam revival movement

Krishna Iyer's involvement with the Bharatanatyam revival movement began when he joined a theatrical company called Suguna Vilasa Sabha and learnt sadir, a sensuous and less respectful form of Bharatnatyam practised by devadasis. He understood the greatness of the art and lamented the disrespect shown and stigma attached to it due to its association with devadasis. Krishna Iyer founded the Madras Music Academy and teamed with Rukmini Devi Arundale to save the dance art from dying out. Krishna Iyer also patronized carnatic music and wrote as an art critic for the Indian Express, Dinamani and Kalki.

## Coining of the term Bharatanatyam

In the late 1920s and the early 1930s, attempts were made to abolish the devadasi system due to the efforts of Muthulakshmi Reddy, the first woman to be elected to the Madras Legislative Council. She also desired to do away with sadir due to its association with the devadasi system and condemned nautch performances in the Presidency. Krishna Iyer vehemently protested against Muthulakshmi Reddy's attitude towards sadir in a series of letters published in the Madras Mail and sought to give the dance form a measure of respect by proposing a resolution at a 1932 meeting of the Madras Music Academy to rename it as "Bharatanatyam" or Indian dance.
While strongly condemning the devadasi system, Krishna Iyer tried to sever the dance's association with the practice by encouraging Brahmin girls to learn and practice the art and by eradicating expressions and movements that conveyed sexually-explicit meanings in cooperation with Rukmini Devi Arundale. The stigma associated with Bharatanatyam, however, did not disappear altogether until the passing of the Devadasi Dedication Abolition Act in 1947.

## Awards

* 1966 – Padma Shri from the Government of India
* Sangeetha Kalasikhamani, 1957 by The Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai

## Death

Krishna Iyer died in 1968 at the age of 71.
# Brinkhill

Brinkhill is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 5 miles (8 km) west from the market town of Alford and 7 miles (11 km) north-west from Spilsby, The village lies in the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The village is listed in 1086 Domesday Book as "Brincle", with 26 households which was then considered quite large. The Lord of the Manor was Earl Hugh of Chester.
The parish church is dedicated to Saint Philip and is a Grade II listed building dating from 1857, built of red brick by Maugham and Fowler. In the churchyard stands an ancient scheduled and Grade II* listed churchyard cross, the base of which dates from the 14th century, with a 19th-century alteration.
The Greenwich Prime Zero meridian line passes through the village.
# Percy Kelly

Percy Kelly may refer to
* Percy Kelly (artist) (1918-1993), English artist and footballer
* Percy R. Kelly (1870-1949), American lawyer and judge
# Boughriba

Boughriba is a town in Berkane Province, Oriental, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 20,560.
# Wanweiroy Kharlukhi

Wanweiroy Kharlukhi is an Indian politician. He is a Member of Parliament, representing Meghalaya in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the National People's Party.
# Minister for Youth

Minister for Youth may refer to:

## Australia

* Minister for Youth (Australia)
** Minister for Youth (Victoria)
** Minister for Youth (Western Australia)
** Minister for Youth (New South Wales)

## Other

* Minister for Youth and Sports (Ghana)
* Minister for Youth Policies
* Minister for Youth (New Zealand)
* Minister for Youth Protection and Rehabilitation (Quebec)
# Robert Ratcliff

Colonel Robert Frederick Ratcliff CMG VD (1867 – 19 January 1943) was an English brewer, Territorial Army officer and politician who represented Burton from 1900 to 1918.
Born in Burton-on-Trent, Ratcliff was the son of Robert Ratcliff and his wife Emily. His father was a brewer in the partnership of Bass Ratcliff and Gretton and lived at Newton Solney in south Derbyshire. He was educated at Rossall School and Cambridge University. Ratcliff followed his father into the brewery and was also an active member of the territorial reserve. He was commissioned into the 2nd Volunteer Battalion of the 5th Staffordshire Rifle Volunteer Corps on 19 March 1887, as a Second-Lieutenant serving with "B" Company at Burton. He was promoted to lieutenant on 27 July 1889, captain on 23 January 1892, and major 18 July 1900.
In 1900, Ratcliff was elected as Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament for Burton. With the reformation of the Territorial reserves he became honorary lieutenant-colonel of the 6th North Staffordshire Regiment on 21 September 1907 and succeeded John Gretton as lieutenant-colonel in command of the 6th North Staffords on 18 November 1909. In 1912 he changed his parliamentary allegiance and became Conservative MP for Burton.
On the outbreak World War I the reserves were mobilised, and on 20 May 1915, he took command of the 1/6 North Staffordshires. The battalion saw heavy fighting in the Battle of Loos at the Hohenzollern Redoubt. Ratcliff was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1916 Birthday Honours for his services in the war.
Ratcliff gave up his parliamentary seat in 1918. He maintained his links with the Territorial Army and when it was reformed in 1921, Ratcliff was again in command of the 6th North Staffords until 1924. He was on the committee of the County Territorial Army Association from 1922 to 1925. He served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1929. Among his charitable activities, he built the village hall at Newton Solney.
# Warner Aircraft Corporation

The Warner Aircraft Corporation of Detroit, Michigan was the manufacturer of the Scarab family of radial engines for airplanes in 1928 through the early 1930s.

## History

The original name of the company was Aeronautical Industries Incorporated. In October 1927 the company changed its name to the Warner Aircraft Corporation. In November 1927 the first Scarab radial engine was produced. The Scarab Junior was introduced in 1930. In 1933, the company designed and built a much larger radial engine, the Super Scarab. This was to be the last engine the company produced. Warner Aircraft was taken over by the Clinton Machine Company in 1950.

## Engines

| Year | Name | Model | Military designation | Rating |
| 1927 | Scarab | | R-420 | 125 hp |
| 1930 | Scarab Junior | | | 90 hp |
| 1933 | Super Scarab 165 | SS-50 | R-500 | 165 hp |
| 1938 | Super Scarab 185 | SS-50A | R-550 | 185 hp |
# Kapurpur, Raebareli

Kapurpur is a village in Chhatoh block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 46 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, Kapurpur has a population of 1,615 people, in 310 households. It has no schools and no healthcare facilities, and it does not host a permanent market or a weekly haat. It belongs to the nyaya panchayat of Chhatoh.
The 1951 census recorded Kapurpur (as "Kapoorpur") as comprising 4 hamlets, with a total population of 570 people (273 male and 297 female), in 127 households and 115 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 591 acres. 10 residents were literate (8 male and 2 female). The village was listed as belonging to the pargana of Rokha and the thana of Nasirabad.
The 1961 census recorded Kapurpur as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 624 people (297 male and 327 female), in 143 households and 142 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 591 acres.
The 1981 census recorded Kapurpur (as "Kapoorpur") as having a population of 853 people, in 230 households, and having an area of 237.15 hectares. The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.
The 1991 census recorded Kapurpur (as "Kapoorpur") as having a total population of 982 people (484 male and 498 female), in 228 households and 228 physical houses. The area of the village was listed as 237 hectares. Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 182, or 18.5% of the total; this group was 52% male (95) and 48% female (87). Members of scheduled castes made up 50.2% of the village's population, while no members of scheduled tribes were recorded. The literacy rate of the village was 15% (128 men and 18 women). 254 people were classified as main workers (240 men and 14 women), while 0 people were classified as marginal workers; the remaining 728 residents were non-workers. The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 123 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 118 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 3 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 6 household industry workers; 0 workers employed in other manufacturing, processing, service, and repair roles; 0 construction workers; 0 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 4 in other services.
# Patryk Sieradzki

Patryk Sieradzki (born 6 October 1998) is a Polish middle-distance runner specialising in the 800 metres.
Sieradzki is coached by Bartosz Sobowiec. He began as a pacemaker – in 2021, he only finished 5 out of 22 races he started. But at the 2022 Irena Szewińska Memorial, he ran fast enough to qualify for the 2022 World Athletics Championships.
# 82 (album)

82 is the second studio album by the Kenyan house/funk trio Just a Band, released in 2009 following their debut release Scratch to Reveal. Just A Band signed a US licensing deal with Akwaaba Music, who re-released 82 on February 23, 2010.

## Album information

Just a Band released the music video for the first single from the album, "Usinibore" on July 4, 2009. The video – created by the band themselves – helped land the single in the We Are Hunted charts, peaking at number three on November 11, 2009.
82 was released on October 2, 2009, at a pre-launch release party. Compared with the trio's previous release, Scratch to Reveal, 82 is 12 minutes, 9 seconds longer and contains 13 tracks and 1 hidden track. The playlist features fewer guest artists (Bien Baraza, Juliani and Wambura Mitaru), and the trio have undertaken greater singing roles themselves.

### Ha-He

The band released the video for their second single from the album "Ha-He" on Wednesday 17 March 2010. The video is a spoof of blaxploitation films, featuring a protagonist named "Makmende". The video subsequently became popular, and has been described as "Kenya’s first viral internet meme". The band were featured on CNN, The Wall Street Journal and Fast Company as a result.

## Reception

Reviews for the album were strongly positive; Exclaim! described it as resplendent in its cool tones and chilled vocals and very distinctive, regardless of its origin, and The Huffington Post described the album as the sign of a generational shift.

## Personnel
### Just a Band

| Just a Band | Vocals, Instrumentation |
| Juliani | Vocals |
| Wambura Mitaru | Vocals |
| Bien Baraza | Vocals |
| Njoki Ngumi | Vocals |
| Tina Nduba | Vocals |

### Production

| Executive producers | Just a Band |
| Mixing | Just A Band, Eric Musyoka |
| Instrumentation | Just A Band, David Gitoho, Eric Musyoka |
| Album Art/Package Design | Jim Chuchu |
# Dykstra

Dykstra is a Frisian surname describes a person who lived by a dyke. The suffix "-stra" is derived from old Germanic -sater, meaning sitter or dweller.
The name originates in the northern Netherlands province of Friesland. The name was originally spelled "Dijkstra". The name was "Americanized" to Dykstra after Frisian settlers arrived and settled in the United States. Many immigrants bearing the Dykstra surname arrived in the United States between 1840 and 1900, well before the United States experienced "waves of immigration." Most Dykstras were farmers and all belonged to the Dutch Reformed, and later the Christian Reformed Church. Large waves of emigrants also migrated to Brazil, namely to the town of Carambei. The Dykstra/Dijkstra family was integral to the settlement of the area and for the introduction of modern farming practices.
Many Dykstras settled in Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, California, New York, and New Jersey. Many eventually grew away from farming and settled in cities like Grand Rapids, Michigan, Holland, Michigan, and Chicago, Illinois. They became a very successful bunch in businesses such as medicine, dentistry, waste management, banking, and architecture.

## People with the surname

* Allan Dykstra (born 1987), American baseball player
* B. D. Dykstra (1871–1955), American pastor, educator, and poet
* Chloe Dykstra (born 1988), American model, actress and cosplayer
* Clarence Addison Dykstra (1883-1950), American administrator
* John Dykstra (born 1947), American motion picture special effects artist
* John Dykstra (politician) (1875–1959), American state politician from Michigan
* Jordan Dykstra (born 1985), American composer
* Kenny Dykstra, stage name of Ken Doane (born 1986), American wrestler
* Lenny Dykstra (born 1963), American baseball player
* Rick Dykstra (born 1966), Canadian politician
* Russell Dykstra (born 1966), Australian actor
# Christiane Pheil

Christiane Pheil (born May 21, 1989) is an American rugby union player. She debuted for the United States in 2016. She was selected for the squad to the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

## Biography

Born in St. Petersburg, Florida to David and Carlyn Pheil. At Asheville High School she participated in tennis, track and field and cross country. Pheil started playing tennis since she was seven years old and attended the University of Colorado Boulder on a tennis scholarship.
# 828 film

828 is a film format for still photography. Kodak introduced it in 1935, only a year after 135 film. 828 film was introduced with the Kodak Bantam, a consumer-level camera.
The 828 format uses the same basic film stock as 135 film (standard 35mm film), but the film lacks the sprocket holes of 135. The standard image format is 40 × 28 mm. This provides a 30% larger image compared to 135's standard 24 × 36 mm, yet on the same film stock. Because Kodak targeted 828 at a lower-end consumer market, the film was much shorter, at a standard 8 exposures per roll. 828 film originally had one perforation per frame, much like 126 film. Unlike 135 (a single-spool cartridge film) or 126 (a dual-spool cartridge film), 828 is a roll film format, like 120 film. Like 120, it has a backing paper and frames are registered through a colored window on the back of the camera (except on the original folding Bantams, where images were registered with an index hole).
828 cameras never achieved widespread popularity, and the format had a rather limited run. Kodak's last 828 cameras were the Pony 828 in the US, produced until 1959, and the Bantam Colorsnap 3 in the UK, produced until 1963. Kodak ceased production of 828 format film in 1985. The Traid Fotron, sold in the late 1960s, used 828 format film as well. However, the film was enclosed in a proprietary pop-in cartridge and so the consumer never actually saw the film; instead, they merely returned the entire cartridge to Traid for processing.
Those wishing to photograph with an 828-format camera have a few options. As of 2005, 828 film is available for purchase on the Internet; this film is probably respooled from bulk unperforated 35mm film. Another option is to use standard 135 film, with sprocket holes, and respool it with used 828 backing paper onto old spools. The effective image size will be reduced with this method as the perforations will intrude on the image area. Finally, as with other obsolete film types, 120 film can be cut (with backing paper) and respooled onto 828 spools.
# Khijadia

Khijadia or variants may refer to the following places in Gujarat, India:
* Khijadiya, Amreli, a village
* Khijadia State, a town and former independent princely state
* Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, in Jamnagar district
# Christopher Haslett Elliott

Major General Christopher Haslett Elliott CVO CBE (born 26 May 1947) is a former senior British Army officer who served as Defence Services Secretary from 2001 to 2004.

## Military career

Educated at Kelly College in Tavistock and Mons Officer Cadet School, Elliot was commissioned into the South Wales Borderers in 1966. He saw service in Northern Ireland and was mentioned in despatches in 1975. He became Commanding Officer of 1st Bn Royal Regiment of Wales in 1987. He went on to be Commander of British Forces in Belize in 1990, Director of Army Recruiting at the Ministry of Defence in 1993 and British Military Advisor in South Africa in 1994. After that he became General Officer Commanding UK Support Command (Germany) in 1997 and then served as Defence Services Secretary and Director General, Reserve Forces and Cadets from 2001 to 2004.
In retirement he became Director of the Army Sport Control Board.

## Family

In 1970 he married Annabel Melanie Emerson; they have four daughters.
# Pectinophora fusculella

Pectinophora fusculella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Arnold Pagenstecher in 1900. It is found on the Bismarck Archipelago.
The wingspan is 25–28 mm. The forewings are shining chestnut-brown with ill-defined groups of scales, forming medial and postmedial bands. The hindwings are lighter brown.
# Christoffer Törngren

Christoffer Törngren (born May 16, 1994) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with HV71 of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).
He made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with HV71 during the 2013–14 SHL season.

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |
| SHL |||
| Le Mat Trophy (HV71) | 2017 |
# El poder de las mujeres

El poder de las mujeres is a 2000 album by Ashley.

## Track listing

* Calle Calle
* El Poder de las Mujeres
* Corazon Prohibido
* Una Noche Bomba
* Ese Nene me Domina
* Sangre Caliente
* La Chica Bomba
* Mentiroso
* Zuku Zuku
* Calle Calle (long Version)
* This 2000s album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Perry Ledge

Perry Ledge is a reef west of Ringstead in Dorset, England.
The ledge consists of limestone dating from the Jurassic period and is exposed at low tide. It is located close to Bran Point.
# Charmian

Charmian or Charmion may refer to:
* Charmian (given name), the etymology and use of the given name
* Charmion (1875–1949), American vaudeville trapeze artist and strongwoman
* Charmion (servant to Cleopatra), one of Cleopatra's handmaids and confidantes, according to Plutarch
** Charmian, the character in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra
** Charmian (Rome character), supporting character in the TV series Rome
* Charmion (skipper), a synonym of the butterfly genus Celaenorrhinus
* Charmian, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran
* Charmian II (Motorboat), a 1915 racing express cruiser, USS Charmian II (SP-696) 1917 to 1918
# County of Castell

Castell was a county of northern Bavaria, Germany, ruling a string of territories in the historical region of Franconia, both east and west of Würzburg. Little is known about the noble Counts of Castell, although they were the counts of Kreis Gerolzhofen, Regierungsbezirk, and Unterfranken of Bavaria. They were a member of the Fränkische Grafenkolleg ("Franconian Counts College").
The two main branches of the House of Castell were Protestant Castell-Remlingen (later split into Castell-Castell) and Protestant and Catholic Castell-Rüdenhausen.
Castell was composed of three territories (Flecken) and 28 villages, with about 10,000 inhabitants at the time of mediatisation. The County of Castell joined Bavaria in 1806.

## Partitions of Castell

* Castell-Remlingen (1597–1806)
** Castell-Castell (1668–1806)
* Castell-Rüdenhausen (1597–1806)
# Montrose Mausoleum

Montrose Mausoleum is located in the Scottish village of Aberuthven, Perth and Kinross. Dating to 1736, it is a Category A listed building. It stands in the kirkyard of St Kattan's Church.
It is believed architect William Adam allowed his 15-year-old son, John, to do some work on the structure, for his name is in an inscription in its northern wall.
Several Dukes of Montrose are interred in the structure, including James Graham (1682–1742), the last being in 1836.

## Gallery

* The entrance to the kirkyard, with a side view of the mausoleum
# Dingxiang County

Dingxiang (Chinese: 定襄; pinyin: Dìngxiāng) is a county in the north central part of Shanxi province, China. It is under the administration of Xinzhou city.

## Climate

Climate data for Dingxiang, elevation 759 m (2,490 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) | 18.5 (65.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 38.5 (101.3) | 37.6 (99.7) | 41.7 (107.1) | 39.5 (103.1) | 36.1 (97.0) | 35.5 (95.9) | 30.0 (86.0) | 21.5 (70.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 41.7 (107.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 5.5 (41.9) | 12.6 (54.7) | 20.7 (69.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 28.4 (83.1) | 24.2 (75.6) | 17.9 (64.2) | 8.9 (48.0) | 2.0 (35.6) | 17.3 (63.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) | −3.3 (26.1) | 4.3 (39.7) | 12.3 (54.1) | 18.5 (65.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 23.2 (73.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 15.9 (60.6) | 9.1 (48.4) | 0.7 (33.3) | −6.3 (20.7) | 9.1 (48.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.8 (5.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −2.5 (27.5) | 4.3 (39.7) | 10.3 (50.5) | 14.8 (58.6) | 17.6 (63.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 9.9 (49.8) | 2.6 (36.7) | −5.0 (23.0) | −12.3 (9.9) | 2.6 (36.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −27.1 (−16.8) | −24.8 (−12.6) | −16.5 (2.3) | −7.0 (19.4) | −1.5 (29.3) | 6.1 (43.0) | 8.5 (47.3) | 5.6 (42.1) | −2.6 (27.3) | −9.9 (14.2) | −23.8 (−10.8) | −29.9 (−21.8) | −29.9 (−21.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.3 (0.09) | 3.7 (0.15) | 6.9 (0.27) | 19.0 (0.75) | 33.1 (1.30) | 58.7 (2.31) | 95.9 (3.78) | 95.5 (3.76) | 53.7 (2.11) | 26.3 (1.04) | 11.2 (0.44) | 2.2 (0.09) | 408.5 (16.09) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 10.4 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 8.9 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 73.4 |
| Average snowy days | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 11.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 53 | 49 | 48 | 45 | 46 | 59 | 75 | 79 | 77 | 67 | 63 | 56 | 60 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155.9 | 168.4 | 215.5 | 237.9 | 258.8 | 230.3 | 215.1 | 209.6 | 197.2 | 200.4 | 166.9 | 154.7 | 2,410.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 51 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 58 | 52 | 48 | 50 | 54 | 59 | 56 | 53 | 55 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||