OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lankford coefficient

The Lankford coefficient (also called Lankford value, R-value, or plastic strain ratio) is a measure of the plastic anisotropy of a rolled sheet metal. This scalar quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the formability of recrystallized low-carbon steel sheets.

## Definition

If $x$ and $y$ are the coordinate directions in the plane of rolling and $z$ is the thickness direction, then the R-value is given by
    $R={\cfrac {\epsilon _{\mathrm {y} }^{p}}{\epsilon _{\mathrm {z} }^{p}}}$
where $\epsilon _{\mathrm {y} }^{p}$ is the in-plane plastic strain, transverse to the loading direction, and $\epsilon _{\mathrm {z} }^{p}$ is the plastic strain through-the-thickness.
More recent studies have shown that the R-value of a material can depend strongly on the strain even at small strains . In practice, the $R$ value is usually measured at 20% elongation in a tensile test.
For sheet metals, the $R$ values are usually determined for three different directions of loading in-plane ($0^{\circ },45^{\circ },90^{\circ }$ to the rolling direction) and the normal R-value is taken to be the average
    $R={\cfrac {1}{4}}\left(R_{0}+2~R_{45}+R_{90}\right)~.$
The planar anisotropy coefficient or planar R-value is a measure of the variation of $R$ with angle from the rolling direction. This quantity is defined as
    $R_{p}={\cfrac {1}{2}}\left(R_{0}-2~R_{45}+R_{90}\right)~.$

## Anisotropy of steel sheets

Generally, the Lankford value of cold rolled steel sheet acting for deep-drawability shows heavy orientation, and such deep-drawability is characterized by $R$. However, in the actual press-working, the deep-drawability of steel sheets cannot be determined only by the value of $R$ and the measure of planar anisotropy, $R_{p}$ is more appropriate.
In an ordinary cold rolled steel, $R_{90}$ is the highest, and $R_{45}$ is the lowest. Experience shows that even if $R_{45}$ is close to 1, $R_{0}$ and $R_{90}$ can be quite high leading to a high average value of $R$. In such cases, any press-forming process design on the basis of $R_{45}$ does not lead to an improvement in deep-drawability.
# Gastridiota

Gastridiota is a monotypic genus consisting solely of Gastridiota adoxima, a moth of the family Bombycidae. The genus was erected by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1922 but the species had been described by him in 1902 as Andraca adoxima. It is found in the subtropical east of Australia, from the Bunya Mountains and Montville in southern Queensland to north-eastern New South Wales.
The wingspan is about 30 mm.
# Black Fall

Black Fall is a collaborative extended play by American rappers Yelawolf and DJ Paul, hosted by DJ Whoo Kid. It was released free for download on October 31, 2013 through Slumerican and Shady Records. Production was handled solely by DJ Paul. The five-track mixtape features guest appearance from Rittz the Rapper.

## Track listing

* All tracks produced by DJ Paul and TWhy Xclusive, track 5 only produced by DJ Paul.

### Sample credits

* "Get Straight" samples "Here to Stay" by Korn.
* "Mastermind" samples "Comfortably Numb" by Pink Floyd.
* "Bowties" samples "For Whom the Bell Tolls" by Metallica.
* "Party Prophet" samples "The Sign of the Southern Cross" by Black Sabbath.
* "Light Switch" samples "Uprising" by Muse.

## Personnel

* Michael Wayne Atha – vocals
* Paul Duane Beauregard – vocals (track 4), producer
* Jonathan McCollum – vocals (track 3)
* Yves Mondesir – host
* Josh Winkler – design
# David Wood of Craig

David Wood of Craig was a Scottish courtier and administrator
Wood was Master of the King's Larder for James V of Scotland. He was promoted Comptroller of Scotland from 1538 to 1543. The previous administration had displeased James V. In November 1538, the English border official Thomas Wharton heard that the secretary Adam Otterburn of Auldhame was imprisoned at Dumbarton Castle for speaking with the banished Douglas family and the former comptroller, James Colville was in prison for "his accomptes".
In 1543, Wood said of Regent Arran that he spent more on his household than James V. He "haldis ane greit hous and is at mair (more) sumpteous expense nor (than) umquhile (the late) our said soverane lord held in his time".
Craig Castle is near Montrose in Maryton parish. David Wood had a charter of the property from David Beaton in 1535.

## Marriage and family

His children included:
* Andrew Wood.
* Agnes Wood, who married John Carnegie of Colluthie (older brother of David Carnegie of Colluthie), their daughter married Patrick Kinnaird of that Ilk.
# Christopher Street Pier

40°43′59″N 74°00′40″W﻿ / ﻿40.733113°N 74.01103°W﻿ / 40.733113; -74.01103
The Christopher Street Pier is a group of piers in Hudson River Park on the Hudson River waterfront of Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, numbered 42, 45, 46, and 51. "Christopher Street Pier" usually refers specifically to Pier 45 opposite W. 10th Street, which can be reached by crossing West Street.
Once a working part of the New York waterfront, the Pier had physically decayed by the 1980s and had developed reputation for being a place for meeting potential partners, often sexually, informally known as "cruising". Since renovations and the opening of the Hudson River Park's new Greenwich Village segment in 2003, it has remained a gathering place for gay people.
However, residents of Christopher Street have complained about noisy teenagers leaving the park after its 1 a.m. curfew. Community residents created a new plan in 2005 to have the Park Enforcement Patrol escort the teens to the 14th and Hudson Street exits.
The state's first memorial to the LGBT community was dedicated in June 2018, at the Hudson River Park near the Christopher Street Pier. The memorial, an abstract work by Anthony Goicolea, consists of nine boulders arranged in a circle. The memorial honors the victims of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting.
# Chaimite, Mozambique

Chaimite is a village sacred to the Nguni people of the Gaza Empire, currently in Gaza Province, Mozambique. In the area in January 1896, Gungunhana, the last emperor of Gaza, was imprisoned by the Portuguese Empire.
# Geno Arce

Geno Arce (born 1964) is an American bassist
Arce started playing bass in the clubs at age 16 opening for bands like Black 'n Blue and Fire Eye. Graduating from high school in 1982, he joined the navy and did his stint for his country. After receiving an honorable discharge, he returned to Portland for a short while and then relocated to Phoenix Arizona. While in Phoenix Geno performed on the local scene and in Los Angeles with the bands "Syngin, SX, and Box of Cherries, which later became "The Einsteins."
In 1998 Geno joined forces with Ron Keel to form the "Roadhouse Rattlers" and began his journey into Southern Rock and Country Music. In 1999 Ron Keel had to take a trip to Europe and Geno Joined Phoenix Arizona’s "Harry and the Gila Monsters" furthering a career in country music that would allow him to share the stage with acts such as Brooks and Dunn, Reba McEntire, Montgomery Gentry, Neal McCoy, and many others.
In 2000, Geno and Ron Keel were reunited, moved to Plain City Ohio where they formed the international southern rock band "IronHorse" consisting of Ron Keel vocals, Geno Arce Bass, Swedish musician Robert Marcello Guitar, and Gaetano Nicolosi on drums. During its five year lifetime IronHorse performed all throughout the United States opening for bands such as "The Outlaws and Ted Nugent" In 2008 Geno Joined the all original lineup of Keel consisting of Ron Keel, Marc Ferrari, Bryan Jay, Dwain Miller and replacing bassist Kenny Chaisson.
In June 2016 Geno was asked by Ron Keel to join him in another project called Badlands House Band. This band is part of a larger project in Sioux Falls SD called Badlands Pawn. and the brain child of Chuck Brennan.

## Discography
### SX

* SX (1990) Woofa Records
* Diamonds in the Rough (1992) Rodell Records

### Einsteins, The

* Einsteins, The (1996) Transmission Records
* O (1998) Mellancamp Records

### Harry and the Gila Monsters

* Self Titled (1999) Self Release

### IronHorse

* IronHorse (2001) Melodic Mayhem Music
* Warmth in the wilderness a tribute to Jason Becker (2001) Lion Music
* Bring It On (2004) Compendia
* Change My Religion (2007) Self Release

### Keel

* Streets of Rock & Roll (2010) Frontiers Records
* Metal Cowboy (2014) Wild Media Productions
# Liam Ó Cuinneagáin

Liam Ó Cuinneagáin served ten years as chairperson of Údarás na Gaeltachta (2002-2012). He is also an educationalist in the Irish language.
Ó Cuinneagáin trained as a teacher in St. Patrick's College in Drumcondra, Dublin. He was School Principal and teacher in Dublin's inner-city from 1972–1994. He also studied BA and HDip in University College Dublin, where he took Psychology and Modern Irish.
He was one of the founders of Oideas Gael in 1984 in Glencolmcille, Co. Donegal, which organises language classes for adults in the Irish language, and is its current language director. His co-founder was Dr Seosamh Watson, a Gaelic scholar from the Presbyterian tradition in Belfast and later to become Professor of Modern Irish at University College Dublin. Liam was a recipient the annual "Gradam an Phiarsaigh" trophy for services to education and the Irish language (2011). He was also selected as Donegal Person of the Year in 2013 in recognition of his work as Oideas Gael director. Oideas Gael is internationally known as a destination for Irish language learners worldwide. It is also the chosen school where President Mary McAleese came to study Irish and continues to do so as former Uachtarán na hÉireann.
Liam was also involved in the prominent campaign of the Emigrant Vote and was a member of 'Feachtas Náisiúnta Teilifíse' the successful campaign for an Irish Language Television station.
# Kamenná Poruba

Kamenná Poruba may refer to several villages and municipalities in Slovakia:
* Kamenná Poruba, Vranov nad Topľou District
* Kamenná Poruba, Žilina District
# Pilocrocis flavicorpus

Pilocrocis flavicorpus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 30 mm. The forewings are uniform red brown with a cupreous gloss.
# Chatuzange Treasure

The Chatuzange Treasure is the name of an important Roman silver hoard found in the village of Chatuzange-le-Goubet in the department of Drôme, south-eastern France. Since 1893 it has been part of the British Museum's collection.

## Discovery

In the district of La Part-Dieu near Chatuzange-le-Goubet, among the ruins of a large Roman villa, a significant silver hoard was unearthed in 1888. The treasure, which consists of six pieces of antique dishes, seems to have been buried for safe-keeping, perhaps during the period of local insurrections that occurred at this time in Roman Gaul. It was discovered by the land-owner of the site who subsequently sold the treasure to a Paris art dealer, who in turn sold it to the British Museum in London.

## Description

The whole treasure is composed of six pieces of high quality Roman silver that dates from the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD and has a total weight of 5.6 kg. There are two skillets, one of which is decorated with the figure of Felicitas between two rosettes and below her a woman offering a sacrifice at an altar, while the other is adorned with the necks of swans and a basket of fruit. Other items in the treasure include a large fluted washing-bowl with the figures of the Three Graces in the central panel, another fluted dish, a large plate and a small cup, both with a niello inlaid swastika, which was a relatively common symbol in the Roman Empire.
# Dead in the Boot

Dead in the Boot is a B-sides compilation album by English rock band Elbow, released in the UK on 27 August 2012. The title is a reference to the band's debut album Asleep in the Back and was suggested by singer Guy Garvey's sister Beckie.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| BBC Music | favourable |
| The Daily Telegraph | |
| The Independent | |
| Mojo | |
| NME | 7/10 |
| Slant Magazine | |
The reviews for the album were mostly positive, with many reviewers commenting on the overall downbeat nature of the songs. NME noted that "there is a strain of nocturnal lethargy that seems to run through Elbow's flipsides... it's odd that its somnolent air actually renders it slightly one-note... But there's nothing wrong with a gentle head massage after a hard night." The Daily Telegraph described the tracks as "mostly steady, lo-fi grooves, propelled by blue-collar bluesy riffs, detached electronic bleeps and mournful pianos", and stated that "in the best possible sense, these songs are come-downs, reflective descents from the band's often soaring, more melody-driven A-sides. They may have been left in the band's boot for a while, but there's nothing dead about them." Mojo called it "an accomplished compilation" and proclaimed that "Dead in the Boot is less throwaway than its name suggests."
BBC Music said "This is more than just a stopgap between the albums, and while not exactly standing alongside their best in terms of outright quality, shows that even Elbow's 'hidden' past is worthy of deeper exploration." The Independent had some criticisms, saying that the album was "far from exhaustive, with tracks cherry-picked for quality and sequenced non-chronologically. Indeed, if anything, there's a touch too many of the tender piano ostinatos", but overall opining that "most B-sides compilations seem to have been thrown together to fulfil contracts but Dead in the Boot has a form and substance beyond that".

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Guy Garvey; all music is composed by Elbow

## Personnel
### Elbow

* Guy Garvey – vocals, slide guitar on "The Long War Shuffle", string, percussion, brass & choral arrangements
* Mark Potter – guitars
* Craig Potter – keys, percussion
* Pete Turner – bass
* Richard Jupp – drums, percussion

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 27 August 2012 | CD, LP, digital download | Polydor |
| United States | 19 November 2012 | CD, LP, digital download | Xenon |
# Christie (automobile company)

The Christie Direct Action Motor Car Company was a New York City-based automobile manufacturer. It was founded by race driver and inventor J. Walter Christie in 1904, and lasted until 1910.

## History

The Christie Company was originally called Christie Iron Works, but the name was changed in 1906. Christie was America's first exponent of front-wheel drive. In 1904, he took a four-cylinder, 30 hp racer to Daytona Beach with an early front-wheel drive system. In all, six racers were built, two with 60 hp engines.

## Production models

The Christie Company produced a gran touring car in 1907 with a 50 hp engine costing $6,500 and 2,300 lbs. Also, the company produced a taxi cab.

## Demise

Walter Christie spent most of his time racing and not promoting his cars. Because of this, the company folded in 1910.
# Otter Mound Preserve

Otter Mound is located at 1831 Addison Court, Marco Island. The 2.45 acre preserve is located in southwestern Collier County in a residential area of Marco Island, known locally as the Indian Hills section. The preserve is maintained by Collier County.
The preserve is named for a previous resident, Ernest Otter a one-time owner who had occupied the property until 1997. Otter is credited for the unique whelk shell terraces that define the preserve’s signature man-made feature. The initial preserve was established with a 1.77 acre purchase in 2004 followed by an additional acquisition of .68 acres in 2007.

## History

Otter Mound and the property surrounding it was a home site for early settlers in the Caxambas Village who worked in the Marco Island clamming industry.
The "Mound" on which Otter Mound Preserve sits was constructed by the Calusa native inhabitants from oyster, southern surf clam, lightning whelk, and other shellfish species and dates between 700 AD – 1200 AD.

## Geography

Otter Mound is a man-made tropical hardwood hammock formed by the Shell mound created by the Calusa natives, this raised area produced an environment that resulted in a tropical hardwood hammock community. This plant community also occurs naturally in South Florida and is a common site in the Everglades. Hammocks primarily occur on the highest elevations (e.g., shell mounds) where flooding rarely occurs and are, therefore, prime areas for human habitation.

## Wildlife

This preserve is representative of a tropical hardwood hammock, Fifty-seven species of birds and one hundred and twenty-seven plant species have been recorded at Otter Mound Preserve. Other wildlife observed includes opossum, armadillo, raccoon, grey squirrel and even the occasional bobcat. (Mosquitoes can be quite fierce once one enters the cooling canopy of the trees.)

## Whelk shell terracing

Otter Mound's signature man-made feature is the many terraced garden plots created with thousands of whelk shells. Ernest Otter created these terraced gardens in the mid 1950s.

## Public facilities

There is a small parking area and a bike rack located at the entrance along Addison Court. A nature surface trail with benches and interpretive signs loops through the preserve allowing views of the historic whelk terracing along its path. The path is not handicap accessible and there are no comfort facilities available.
# Brachyamblyopus

Brachyamblyopus brachysoma is a species of goby native to fresh and brackish waters of southern and southeastern Asia and possibly occurring in Africa and the Persian Gulf. This species grows to a length of 10.5 centimetres (4.1 in) TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.
# Eimatai Leadership Development Project

The Eimatai Leadership Development Project is a program of the Yeshiva University Center for the Jewish Future.
Founded in 1999, its mission is to expose Jewish high school students to issues facing the Jewish and Global communities, train them in leadership skills, and provide the framework for them to take action in the real world.
Successful programs that have come out of Eimatai include Project Rayut and Students Against Terrorism Archived 2009-04-29 at the Wayback Machine.
# Kalimashi 3 mine

The Kalimashi 3 mine is a large mine located near the village Kalimash in northern Albania in Kukës County, 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-east of the capital, Tirana. Kalimashi 3 represents the fifth largest chromium reserve in Albania and one of the largest in Europe having estimated reserves of 1.6 million tonnes of ore grading 20% chromium metal. The mine is part of the Kukës Massif, a 108 square kilometres (42 sq mi) area which has a rock thickness between 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) and contains 54 verified chromium deposits and occurrences. The deposit has been explored to depths of up to 300 metres (980 ft) and the geological reserves amount to 6.8 million tonnes grading 21.4% chromium metal.
The Kalimashi 3 mine began operating in 1978. The total combined chromium ore production from the mine between 1986 and 1998 amounted to 720,000 tonnes. The deepest level of the mine is the + 600 Level which reaches a depth of 300 metres (980 ft). The chromium ore reserves of the mine are split into two categories above and below + 600 Level. The proven ore reserves located above the + 600 Level amount to 1,600,000 tonnes of ore grading 20% chromium metal. The proven ore reserves located below the + 600 Level are currently not estimated or calculated but are expected to be grading over 30% chromium metal. The mine's total reserves amount to 1.6 million tonnes of ore grading 20% chromium metal. The chromium ore exploitation complex is located completely underground and has been shut down since 2000 due to financial difficulties. The Kalimashi 3 mine is one of the eight Albanian chromium mines to have reserves of over 1 million tonnes of chromium ore.
# Liede Tilanus

Liede Tilanus (30 March 1871 – 31 March 1953) was a Dutch politician, socialist, and feminist. She was a member of the Amsterdam City Council and was on the national board of the Association of Social Democratic Women's Clubs.

## Biography

Tilanus was born in Amsterdam as the youngest of eight children. With her two brothers and five sisters, she grew up on Herengracht in Amsterdam. She was the daughter of Johanna Victoire Liotard (1831–1906) and Jan Willem Reinier Tilanus (1823–1914), professor of surgery at the University of Amsterdam. Tilanus went to a private school and then traveled through Europe. In Sweden she studied homework and crafts (slöjd).
On 9 August 1899 she married artist Michel Duco Crop (1863–1901) in Bloemendaal. They had been married for less than two years when her husband died in a mental institution. On 11 May 1905, she remarried with Jan Eisenloeffel (1876–1957). She continued to use her own name.
Not long after the death of her first husband, Tilanus became a member of the Social Democratic Workers' Party. Together with Mathilde Wibaut, Carry Pothuis-Smit and Henriëtte van der Mey, among others, she founded the Amsterdam Women's Club in 1905, later the Association of Social Democratic Women's Clubs (BSDVC). Tilanus became secretary of the union and pleaded for a women's section in Het Volk in 1913, but that proved in vain. From 1914 she became involved in the women's suffrage movement.
From 1919 to 1935 Tilanus was a member of the Amsterdam City Council. She was on the council committee for public health assistance and worked for more practical homes, Montessori education, the introduction of consultations for infants and female inspectors in the vice police. In her last months as a municipal councilor, she prevented men from officially taking precedence over women in municipal vacancies. Until 1940 she continued to edit - together with Mathilde Wibaut - Ons Kinderblaadje, an appendix to the social-democratic women's magazine De Proletarische Vrouw.
The last years of her life she was bedridden. She died in Zeist on March 31, 1953, after which Het Vrije Volk praised her work for the socialist education of Dutch working class women.
# Last Best West

"Last Best West" was a phrase used to market the Canadian prairies to prospective immigrants. The phrase was used to advertise the Canadian west abroad, and in Eastern Canada, during the heyday of western settlement from 1896 until the start of the First World War in 1914, when few could leave Europe.
One of the key considerations for the government in this recruitment of settlers was the fear that Americans would stream North and settle the southern parts of what would become the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The goal was to encourage families, and therefore make it hospitable for women who could edify and purify the frontier.
The program was so successful that little more than nine years later the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were formed out of the enormous North-West Territories of Canada.
Printed on pamphlets distributed in Northern Europe, Britain and the United States, the campaign was operated by the Minister of the Interior Clifford Sifton, appointed by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier to oversee settlement of the west. "The Last Best West" was a direct comparison to the United States. While there were still tracts of land available in the U.S., most of the best land had been taken and the American frontier had been declared closed in 1890. The land in Canada was the last region still not populated by Europeans.
The phrase was for the most part a marketing ploy. However, even though the frost-free season is shorter in Canada, a less arid climate compensates for this and the Canadian prairies have long been more productive than those of the Dakotas and Wyoming. In addition, unlike the American West, the settlement of the Canadian west was well organized, with the North-West Mounted Police providing law and order.