OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old National Pike Milestones

The Old National Pike Milestones marked each mile of the old National Road in Maryland, an eastern coastal state of the United States, from its dominating city of Baltimore to major towns of western Maryland, as Frederick, and between it and Hagerstown, to Hancock, through to Cumberland in the western panhandle of the state in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. The surviving stones have been included in the National Register of Historic Places, maintained by the National Park Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior, and may be seen along the route variously designated as U.S. Route 40, Maryland Route 144, Alternate U.S. Route 40, and several other roads that trace the path of the original Old National Pike. From Baltimore to Cumberland, the road was surveyed and laid out with construction in several phases over different periods of time by several turnpike companies, chartered by the General Assembly of Maryland beginning in 1808. Earlier in 1806, the United States Congress with the approval of third President Thomas Jefferson, authorized the surveying and further construction of a national road to continue on from Cumberland on the upstream of the Potomac River further to the west across additional mountainous ranges in the Allegheny Mountains to the newly admitted State of Ohio (admitted 1803 as the seventeenth state). Later the congressional action was amended to direct the road to the state boundaries on the Ohio River and it eventually landed at Wheeling, West Virginia. In later decades, the road was extended west across Ohio, Indiana and into the Illinois Country, to eventually terminate by the 1840s in Vandalia, the territorial capital of Illinois, just east of the Mississippi River, and northeast of the newly emergent, frontier river port metropolis of St. Louis of the Missouri Territory and the former Louisiana Purchase of 1803 to the west.
The Old Pike milestones in Maryland are about 30 inches tall, twelve inches wide and eight inches deep, with rounded tops and the inscription XX miles to B, referring to the distance to Baltimore, the road's terminus. The composition of the stones varies, with the first 39 milestones of Baltimore gneiss from the area of Ellicott City. Stones from Frederick to Boonsboro are quartzite from the area of the Monocacy River. A unique white limestone with a distinctive inscription was employed from Boonsboro to Hagerstown, while west of Hagerstown the stones are gray limestone.
Sixty-nine stones still remained on the Old National Pike at the time the stones were nominated to the National Register.
# Boris Murmann

Boris Murmann is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at University of Hawaii.
He is co-director and a founding faculty of the Stanford SystemX Alliance. He is the faculty director of Stanford's System Prototyping Facility (SPF).
Murmann's research areas include mixed-signal integrated circuit design, sensor interfaces, data converters and custom circuits for machine learning, and solid-state electronics.
In 2018, Murmann holds more than 5 patents.

## Education

Murmann received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from University of California, Berkeley in 2003. A M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Santa Clara University in 1999, “with Distinction”. His bachelor in Communications Engineering, from the Fachhochschule of the German Telekom in 1994. Murmann is originally from Germany.

## Work and Academic Career

Murmann joined Stanford University in 2004. From 1994 to 1997, he was with Neutron Microelectronics, Germany, where he developed low-power and smart-power ASICs in automotive CMOS technology. Since 2004, he has worked as a consultant with numerous Silicon Valley companies.
Murmann has participated on several technical advisory boards within Silicon Valley. He participates on several committees for professional groups, such as IEEE, ISSCC, ESSCC, etc.

## Awards and honors

* IEEE Fellow, 2015
* Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award, 2012
* Agilent Early Career Professor Award, 2009
# Byneskranskop

Byneskranskop is an archaeological site in present-day South Africa where the coastal plain meets the southern Cape Fold Belt. Neolithic human remains have been discovered in caves at the site. Carbon dating of the remains indicates the bodies date from 3,000 to 2,000 years BCE.
Remains of tortoises at this site and a dig at Die Kelders, have been used to assess a correlation between tortoise size and human population, with a decrease in tortoise sizes as the human population grows.
166,000 stone artefacts were recovered from the site during the first dig. These were dated as far back as 12,000 years BCE. Pottery sherds were limited to the period of 250 years BCE or later.
# Nicholas Wotton (mayor)

Nicholas Wotton (or Wootton; d. 1448) was an English merchant and official who twice served as Lord Mayor of London, in 1415 and 1430.

## Family

Wotton was the son of William Wotton (d. 1391), a wealthy wool merchant, and his wife Margaret (d. 1404). His father may be the same William Wotton who was alderman of Dowgate Ward. He married Joane Corbie, only daughter and heiress of Robert Corbie. This marriage brought with it the estate of Boughton Malherbe, which would remain in the Wotton family for generations. After Joan's death in 1413, he remarried to a woman named Margaret.

## Career

Wotton was a member of the Drapers' Company. Like his father, he was a large investor in wool, with royal licenses to ship large quantities to Calais. His growing wealth enabled him to advance large loans to both Kings Henry IV and Henry V, in return for which he gained an exemption on customs duties until the loans were repaid.
Apart from his mercantile activities, Wotton held a number of political offices. He was at various times tax collector, Constable of the Staple of Westminster, and Mayor of the Staple of Westminster. He held the position of alderman for Broad Street Ward from 1404-1406 and Dowgate Ward from 1406 until 1446. He was one of the Sheriffs of the City of London in 1406-1407, Mayor of London in 1415 and 1430, and MP for London in the 1406, 1414, 1419, 1421, 1425, and 1429 parliaments.
While living in Kent, Wotton was summoned to be impanelled before the judges of assize. He refused to be sworn, asserting the privilege of former mayors and aldermen of London to not serve the king in any other part of the country without their consent. Though he was held in contempt, he received a royal pardon from Henry VI.

## Death and legacy

Wotton died in 1448, leaving his widow Margaret and two sons, Nicholas and Richard, and was buried in the church at Boughton Malherbe. As the younger son, Richard, was a clergyman, his inheritance ultimately reverted back to his brother's family. Among Wotton's descendants were the diplomat Nicholas Wotton, privy councilor Edward Wotton, MP Henry Wotton, Margaret Wotton, Marchioness of Dorset, and the Barons Wotton.
# FTPFS

FTPFS refers to file systems that support access to a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server through standard file system application programming interfaces (APIs).
The ftpfs command in Plan 9 was originated by Dennis Ritchie and was included in the first release of the system (1992). It arranged for a remote file system reachable via FTP to appear as part of the local file system.
In Linux systems, FTPFS was initially implemented as a Linux kernel module that allows the user to mount a FTP server onto the local filesystem, but it was never seen as the perfect way to do it. By 2003, it has been converted to use LUFS, and later to FUSE. Now it is called CurlFtpFS because it uses the universal libcurl for FTP transactions, and is becoming part of the major Linux distributions. There also exists LftpFS for smart mirroring of FTP sites.
In macOS, a read-only FTP file system is included that can be used either via the GUI (with ⌘ Command+K) or the command line (mount_ftp). The read-only limitation is noted in the man page for mount_ftp (on a macOS system, in Terminal.app, see "man mount_ftp"). However, the free application Macfusion includes a working implementation of FTPFS. Additionally, macOS Fuse is reported to enable this but the method to do so is undocumented (as of March 4, 2013) either via various obvious man page (e.g. sshfs) or in the macOS Fuse wiki.
For Windows XP, Windows 7 and other Windows operating systems, this functionality is partially provided by the "Network Places"/"Network Location" shell facility; a network place is a link to either an FTP server or a WebDAV server and can be accessed in Windows Explorer as just another network filesystem. This does not provide transparent access through the lowest-level Win32 file system APIs, however. Such functionality can be provided by third party programs such as WebDrive and FTPDrive.
# Crossing of the Rhine (disambiguation)

Crossing of the Rhine or Rhine crossing may refer to:

## Military

* Crossing of the Rhine, east to west, into the Roman Empire by Vandals, Alans and Suebi, 406 AD
* Rhine Campaign of 1796 § Crossing the Rhine, a French army crossed from west to east
* Operation Plunder, Allied forces, west to east, 1945
** The associated battle honour "Rhine Crossing" issued to British units participating

## Art

* Crossing of the Rhine by the army of Louis XIV, 1672, painting by Joseph Parrocel
* The Passage of the Rhine, on the Porte Saint-Denis monument in Paris, sculpture by Michel Anguier
* Passage of the Rhine in 1795, painting by Louis-François, Baron Lejeune
# Niederzier

Niederzier is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km north of Düren, and 10 km south-east of Jülich.

## Personalities

* Viktor Schroeder (1922-2011), industrialist, patron and honorary citizen
* Karl Lauterbach (born 1963), doctor and politician (SPD), since 2005 Bundestag deputy
* Andrea Tillmanns (born 1972), author
# Niederzwehren

Niederzwehren is a small town in Germany, part of the city of Kassel, Hesse. It is notable for its First World War prisoner-of-war camp and a consequent sizable war cemetery for the British prisoners who died in captivity.

## Town

The town lies between Kassel city centre and Oberzwehren [de]. The town, literally Lower Zwehren, links to Oberzwehren, Upper Zwehren, with the overall area of Zwehren or Tweren appearing in documents from as early as 1074. It was several times destroyed by fire, including during the Thirty Years War.
In the 19th century it was home to the 18th (Thuringian) Foot Artillery, who had a barracks on the edge of the town.
In 1936 the village officially came under the jurisdiction of Kassel.
Famous residents include storyteller Dorothea Viehmann, politician Elisabeth Selbert and brewer Frederick Krug.

## Camp

The camp was begun around December 1914 and held British and French prisoners captured on the western front. Early in 1915 Russian prisoners from the eastern front also arrived with numbers peaking at around 20,000. The German staff controlling this number probably totalled around 150 men.
The camp operated beyond the armistice of November 1918 and was only finally closed in the summer of 1919.

## Niederzwehren War Cemetery

The cemetery was begun early in 1915 specifically to bury prisoners-of-war. Prisoners were mainly British and French from the western front, but also included some Russian prisoners. By 1919 it contained over 3000 graves, but numbers were reduced mainly due to the French practice of repatriating French victims. The cemetery was formalised by British authorities in 1922 to a design by Sir Robert Lorimer. This included bringing dead prisoners from at least a dozen other smaller camps around Germany as a consolidation exercise. The ground is officially British soil, owned by the British crown.
The graveyard currently holds 1795 Commonwealth graves from the First World War, largely those who died of wounds following capture, or from disease within the camp. Notable graves include:
* Julian Royds Gribble VC grave III.F.4
* James Richardson Spensley grave III.H.5
The adjacent Russian War Cemetery contains around 2000 but these are not individually marked and are simply remembered by a Russian cross.
The Russian cemetery (to one side) contains a relatively rare monument: remembering the 38 guards who died during their duties (mainly during the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918).
# Balaesang Tanjung, Donggala

Balaesang Tanjung is a district of Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The district capital is Malei.
# Nicolas Le Riche

Nicolas Le Riche (born 29 January 1972, in Sartrouville, Yvelines) is a French ballet dancer, choreographer and ballet director.

## Biography

Le Riche entered the Paris Opera Ballet school at age ten and joined the corps de ballet six years later; his first ròle was in Gsovsky's Grand Pas Classique. He was promoted to sujet in 1990 and premier danseur in 1991. Balletmaster Rudolf Nureyev cast him as Mercutio and subsequently Romeo in his version of Romeo and Juliet, also in his Raymonda; he then performed in Nijinska's Le Train Bleu, in Robbins' In the Night, Neumeier's Vaslaw, Lander's Etudes, Nureyev's La Bayadère, Nijinsky's Afternoon of a Faun, Mats Ek's version of Giselle, Boléro by Maurice Béjart and Petit's Le Jeune Homme et la Mort and Les Forains.
He was promoted to the Paris Opera Ballet's highest rank, that of étoile (literally, star), after his debut in the róle of Albrecht in the traditional version of Giselle. He performed A Suite of Dances as guest artist at New York City Ballet's Jerome Robbins celebration in June 2008. As choreographer he has made ballets since 2001, including Caligula to Vivaldi's The Four Seasons in 2005. World-renowned choreographers such as Mats Ek, Jiri Kylian, William Forsythe and John Neumeier have created works especially for Le Riche. He has danced on prestigious stages such as The Royal Opera House in London, the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, La Scala in Milan and the Royal Danish Opera in Copenhagen.
Nicolas Le Riche retired from the Paris Opera Ballet following a gala performance on 9 July 2014. He has henceforth primarily been working as a choreographer. In 2015 he created and served as the co-director of L'Atelier de l'Art Chorégraphique (LAAC) at the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées in Paris, after which he entered the position as head of the Royal Swedish Ballet in Stockholm by August 2017.

## Awards

* 1995 : Prix Benois de la Danse
* Nijinsky Award
* Chevalier of Arts and Letters

## Articles

* Royal Ballet guest principals, Ballet Magazine
* Telegraph, 13 November 2005
* Fascineshion interview
# Brima Sesay

Brima Sesay (born 27 January 1981 in Kenema, Sierra Leone – died on April 4, 2009) nicknamed Small Attouga, was a Sierra Leonean international goalkeeper. Sesay played for Ports Authority F.C. in the Sierra Leone National Premier League and for the Sierra Leone national football team known as the Leone Stars. He was one of the best young goalkeepers in Sierra Leone.

## Early life

Sesay was born in Kenema, Sierra Leone to Temne parents. Although born in Kenema, he moved to the capital city of Freetown at a young age.

## Career

Small Attouga, as he was commonly called, was recruited into active football by his late boss Brima Attouga Kamara, a former goalkeeper for Sierra Leone national football team. Having been initiated into active football, small attouga made a name for himself while playing in a series of junior league competitions played all over Freetown. He won several best goalkeeper awards with youth clubs like Blackhall Strikers, Junior Cenegal, and Best Contractors. In 1992, Brima Attouga Kamara brought him to Ports Authority F.C. youth team.
In 1996, he was promoted from the youth team, to the senior squad. However, his tiny physical appearance did no good during that time to convince his coach to become the club first choice goalkeeper.
In 1997, Small Attouga was outstanding in goal in an international friendly against a top Liberian side Invincible Eleven. His performance in that match was enough to prove to his critics that he indeed deserved to be the club first choice goalkeeper. And from that time, he had excelled as Ports Authority first choice goalkeeper, and as well as one of the best goalkeepers in Sierra Leone.

## International career

He made his senior debut for Sierra Leone in 2001.

## Death

He died of unspecified causes In April 2009. His funeral was held in Freetown and was attended by several prominent Sierra Leonean footballers, including the country's most popular footballer Mohamed Kallon.
# Fabilius

Fabilius or Fabillus was an Ancient Roman professor of literature in the third century AD.
He instructed the younger Maximinus, the later Emperor, in the Greek language. He was also the author of several Greek epigrams, which were mostly inscriptive lines for the statues and portraits of his young pupil.
# Brixia Tour

The Brixia Tour was an Italian cycle road race held annually in the province of Brescia, Lombardy. Since 2005, the race has been organised as a 2.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

## List of winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2001 | Australia | Cadel Evans | Saeco |
| 2002 | Spain | Igor Astarloa | Saeco–Longoni Sport |
| 2003 | Slovenia | Martin Derganč | Domina Vacanze |
| 2004 | Italy | Danilo Di Luca | Saeco |
| 2005 | Italy | Emanuele Sella | Ceramica Panaria–Navigare |
| 2006 | Italy | Davide Rebellin | Gerolsteiner |
| 2007 | Italy | Davide Rebellin | Gerolsteiner |
| 2008 | Italy | Santo Anzà | Diquigiovanni–Androni |
| 2009 | Italy | Giampaolo Caruso | Ceramica Flaminia–Bossini Docce |
| 2010 | Italy | Domenico Pozzovivo | Colnago–CSF Inox |
| 2011 | Italy | Fortunato Baliani | D'Angelo & Antenucci-Nippo |
# Nicole de Buron

Nicole de Buron (12 January 1929 – 11 December 2019) was a French writer.

## Biography

Born on 12 January 1929 in Tunis, de Buron first worked for the magazine Marie Claire before she began writing novels. She was the mother of two daughters.
Her 1958 novel Les Pieds sur le bureau won the Prix Courteline. She won the prix du Livre de l'été with the novel Qui c'est, ce garçon ? and the Grand Prize for Humor with Arrête ton cinema!. In the mid-1990s, de Buron left her longtime publisher, Groupe Flammarion, to join Plon. In 2003, she became the 3rd best-selling French novel writer. She began operating an agricultural domain in Castelreng, near Limoux in 2014. For this, she won a medal from the Order of Agricultural Merit.
Most of de Buron's works were autobiographical humorous stories. She also often engaged in self-mockery.
De Buron largely wrote the script of the TV show Les Saintes chéries, an adaptation of two of her novels. She was also the screenwriter of six comedy films, including Take It From the Top, Erotissimo, and Elle court, elle court la banlieue. She generally helped with adaptation and dialogue in films based on her novels.

## Publications

* Drôle de Sahara (1956)
* Et vogue la gondole! (1957)
* Les Pieds sur le bureau (1958)
* Sainte Chérie (1964)
* Sainte Chérie en vacances (1967)
* Vas-y maman (1978)
* Dix-jours-de-rêve (1982)
* Qui c'est, ce garçon ? (1985)
* C'est quoi, ce petit boulot ? (1988)
* Où sont mes lunettes ? (1991)
* Arrêtez de piquer mes sous ! (1992)
* Arrête ton cinéma ! (1994)
* Mais t'as tout pour être heureuse ! (1996)
* Chéri, tu m'écoutes ? … alors, répète ce que je viens de dire (1998)
* Mon cœur, tu penses à quoi ? - … À rien (2000)
* Docteur, puis-je vous voir… avant six mois ? (2003)
* C’est fou ce qu’on voit de choses dans la vie ! (2006)

## Filmography

* Erotissimo (1969)
* Elle court, elle court la banlieue (1973)
* Attention les yeux ! (1976)
* Run After Me Until I Catch You (1976)
* Take It From The Top (1978)
* Rends-moi la clé (1981)

## Television

* Les Saintes chéries (1965–1970)
* Qui c'est ce garçon? (1987)
* C'est quoi ce petit boulot? (1991)

## Theatre

* Remarie-moi (1979)
# British Arts Festivals Association

The British Arts Festivals Association (BAFA) is the national membership body for Arts Festivals in the UK.
The British Arts Festivals Association was founded in December 1969 at the behest of Arts Council England to provide expertise on the festival sector. By the early 1980s it became an open membership organisation and now includes amongst its members larger festivals including Edinburgh International Festival and Brighton Festival as well as volunteer-run festivals including Frome Festival and Proms St Judes.
In 2000 BAFA commissioned 'Festivals Mean Business' (FMB), the first impact study into the UK arts festivals sector. FMB was designed to demonstrate the economic and cultural contribution that festivals make to the UK and was updated in 2002/3 and in 2007/8.
Each year the association organises a range of events available to both its members and the wider sector. These include a series of afternoon seminars in March/April/May - the Spring Road Show, an occasional series of Single Interest workshops and an annual Conference for Festivals which is held in a different place in the UK each year.
The 2010 conference was held in Brighton whilst the 2011 conference was in Leicester. In 2012 the Conference was held in London at the Barbican where the main theme was 'Capacity to Endure' In 2013 the Annual Conference was held in Edinburgh at the Scottish Storytelling Centre with the main theme 'What's the Point of Festivals' In 2014 the conference was in Canterbury. Subsequent conferences have been held in Lichfield (2015), Hull (2016), Bath (2017), Birmingham (2018) and London (2019).
# Balčiūnas

Balčiūnas is the masculine form of a Lithuanian family name. Its feminine forms are: Balčiūnienė (married woman or widow) and Balčiūnaitė (unmarried woman).
The surname may refer to:
* Egidijus Balčiūnas (b. 1975), Lithuanian sprint canoe racer
* Eglė Balčiūnaitė, Lithuanian track and field middle-distance runner
* Gintaras Balčiūnas (b. 1964), Lithuanian lawyer, Minister of Justice
* Jolanta Balčiūnienė, (b. 1962), Lithuanian diplomat
* Linas Balčiūnas (b. 1978), Lithuanian road and track cyclist
* Valerijonas Balčiūnas, (1904-1984), Lithuanian footballer
* Valdas Balčiūnas, Lithuanian sailor
* Živilė Balčiūnaitė, Lithuanian Marathon runner